Title: To George Washington from William Fairfax, 26 July 1755
From: Fairfax, William
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Belvoir. 26. July 1755

Your safe Return gives an uncommon Joy to Us and will no Doubt be sympathiz’d by all true Lovers of Heroick Virtue. From our first inexpressible affecting Intelligence by Colo. Innes of the total Defeat of our Forces, Genl Braddock and many Officers killd, the whole Artillery taken, We have been in torturing Suspence, Each One for their best belovd. Now You are by a kind Providence preserv’d and returnd to Us, We can say the Catastrophy might have been worse. You kindly invite Us over, rightly judging our Curiosity wants to be informd of some particulars yet unacquainted with, And if a Satturday Night’s Rest cannot be sufficient to enable your Coming hither to Morrow, the Ladys will try to get Horses to equip our Chair or attempt their Strength on Foot to Salute You so desirous are They with loving Speed to have an ocular Demonstration of your being the same Identical Gentn that lately departed to defend his Country’s Cause.

Mr Carlyle rec’d a Letter yesterday from G. Fx, at Winchester after his Return from Will’s’s Creek, expressing his Concern for missing You and accounting that He staid there to meet Lord Fx in Order to consult on the necessary Measures to be taken by the Militia, as Colo. Dunbar Seems to intend Marching, its supposd, to Philadelphia or &c. Yrs affecty

W: Fairfax


Title: To George Washington from Sarah Cary Fairfax, Ann Spearing, and Elizabeth Dent, 26 July 1755
From: Fairfax, Sarah Cary,Spearing, Ann,Dent, Elizabeth
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
[Belvoir, 26 July 1755]

After thanking Heaven for your safe return I must accuse you of great unkindness in refusing us the pleasure of seeing you this night I do assure you nothing but our being satisfied that our company would be dissagreable should prevent us from trying if our Legs would not carry us to Mount Virnon this Night, but if you will not come to us to morrow Morning very early we shall be at Mont Virnon.

S. Fairfax
Ann Spearing
Elizth Dent


Title: From George Washington to Robert Orme, 28 July 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Orme, Robert

[Mount Vernon, 28 July 1755]
To Robert Orme Esqr.PhiladelphiaMy Dear Orme

I arrived at Home the day before yesterday, without meeting with an Egachee, or any other remarkable event. I calld at Belhaven on purposely to acquaint Majr Carlyle with your desire, who will use all possible means to procure a Vessel though I fear it will be somewhat difficult to do it at present, as the Shipping have are most of them employ’d, in transporting the Tobo from the difft Warehouses. to Europe.
It is impossible to relate the difft accts that was were given of our late unhappy Engagemt; but all all of which tendd, greatly to the disadvantage of the poor deceasd Genl, who is censur’d on all hands. As I have no certn conveyance for this Letter I shall only add my sincere compts to Morris, Burton, Gage & Dobson and shall take annother oppertunity of writg to you at Philidelphia, and of being more particular, I am my Dear Orme Your truely Affe

G——W——n

Mount Vernon July 28th 1755

I shoud take it particularly kind if Morris woud get the Order’s copied from the 16th of June to the 9th of July, and send them to me by the first safe conveyance.


Title: From George Washington to Benjamin Grymes, 31 July 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Grymes, Benjamin

[Mount Vernon, 31 July 1755]
To Benja. Grymes Esqr.FredericksburghSir

I don’t remember not recollect to have receivd more than one letter from you, and that I shoud have answerd sooner; but knowing that I cou’d give you no satisfactory acct myself, of your Bed &ca, I thought it more advisable to desire Doctr Walker to enquire of

Mr Gist, and of Colo. Cresap (at whose Ho. I perfectly remember the great Tent was left) concerning them, and to let you know their answer.
I have since recollected, and think I am very certain, that Vanbraam who (was left out after Gist and I came off on Foot) was charged with these and other things, told me that after havg had most of his Horses tired, he was oblig’d to leave your things, with many of my own, out at Mr Gists Ho. where they must have been burnt and destroy’d with his Plantation.
If you are going to England I heartily wish you a good Voyage, and the attainment of your utmost desires. I am Sir Yr most Obt Servt

Go: W——n
Mount Vernon July 31st 1755


Title: From George Washington to Robert Jackson, 2 August 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Jackson, Robert

[Mount Vernon, 2 August 1755]
To Mr Robt Jackson—FredericksburghDr Sir

I must acknowledge you had great reason to be terrified with the first accts that was given of our unhappy defeat, and I must

own, I was not a little surprisd to find that Governour Innis was the means of alarming the Country with a report of that so extraordinary nature, without having any better confirmation of the truth, than the story of an affrighted Waggeners Story—Its true, we have been beaten—most shamefully beaten—by a handful of Men! who only intended to molest and disturb our March; Victory was their smallest expectation; but see the wondrous works of Providence! the uncertainty of Human things! We but a few moments before, believ’d our number’s almost equal to the Canadian Force, they only expected to annoy us: Yet, contrary to all expectation & human probability and even to the common course of things, we were totally defeated, sustain’d the loss of every thing; which they have got, are enrichen’d, by it and strengthned are accomodated by it them—this, as you observe, must be an affecting story to the Colony; and will, no doubt, license the tongues of People to censure those whom they think most blameably—which by the by, often falls very wrongfully. I join very heartily with you in believing that when this story comes to be related in future Annals, it will meet with ridicule or unbelief & indignation; for had I not been witness to the fact on that fatal Day, I shd scarce have given credit to it even now.
Whenever it suits you to come into Fairfax I hope you will make your home at Mount Vernon. Please to give my Compts to all enquiring Friends; and I assure you nothing coud have added greater more to the satisfaction to of my safe return, than hearing of the friendly concern that whas been expressed at on my suppos’d Death. I am Dr Sir Yr most Obt Servt

G. W——n
Mount Vernon Augt 2d 1755


Title: From George Washington to Augustine Washington, 2 August 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Washington, Augustine

[Mount Vernon, 2 August 1755]
To Colo. Auge Washington,prest at WilliamsburghDear Brothr

The pleasure of your Company at Mount-Vernon always did, & always will, afford me infinite satisfaction but at this time I am too truely sensible how needful the Country is of the assistance of all its Members, to desire have a wish to hear that any are absent from the assembly. I most sincerely wish that harmony & Unanimity may prevail amongst you in all your Councils, and that a happy issue may attend your prudent resolves deliberations at this importt crisis.
I am not able, were I ever so willing, to meet you in Town; for I assure you it is with some difficulty and much fatiegue that I visit my Plantation’s in the Neck, so much has a sickness of five weeks continuance reduced me: but tho. it is not in my power to meet you there, I can nevertheless assure you, and other’s (whom it may concern, to borrow a phrase from Govr Innes) that I am so little dispirited at what has happen’d, that I am always ready, and always willing to do render my Country any Services that I am capable off; but never upon the Terms I have done, having suffer’d much in my private fortune beside impairing one of the best of Constitution’s.
I was employ’d to go a journey in the Winter (when I believe few or none woud have undertaken it) and what did I get by it? my expences borne! I then was appointed with trifling Pay to conduct an handfull of Men to the Ohio. What did I get by this? Why, after putting myself to a considerable expence in equipping and providing Necessarys for the Campaigne—I went out, was soundly beaten, lost them all—came in, and had my Commission taken from me or in other words my Comd reduced, under pretence of an Order from home. I then went out a Volunteer with Genl Braddock and lost all my Horses and many other things but this being a voluntary act I ought not to mentioned—nor should I have done it I should not have mention’d it, was it not to shew that I have been upon the loosing order ever since I enterd the Service, which is now near two Year’s; so that I think I can’t be blam’d, shou’d I, if I leave my Family again, endr to do it upon such term’s as to prevent my sufferg (to gain by it, is the least of my expectation).

I doubt not but you have heard the particulars of our shameful defeat, which really was so scandalous that I hate to have it mentioned it. You desire to know what Artillery was taken in the late Engt—it is easily told, we lost all that we carrd out, save 2 Six poundrs & a few Cohorns that was left with Colo. Dunbar; & the Cohorns have since been destroy’d to expidate his ⟨erasure⟩ flight. You also ask whether I think the Forces can March out again this Fall, I must answer I think it impossible ; at least for them to do the French any damage (unless it be by starvg them) for want of a proper Train of Artillery; yet they may be very serviceable in erectg small Fortresses at convenient places to deposit provisions in by means of which the Country will be eas’d of an immense expence in the Carriage, and it will also be a mean’s of securing a Retreat if we shd be put to the Rout again; the success of this tho’, will depd grtly upon what Govr Shirley does at Niagara, for if he succeeds, their Comn with Canada is will be entirely stopd cut off—It is impossible for me to guess at the number of recruits that may be wantg as that must depend altogethr upon the strength of the French on the Ohio, wch to my gt astonishmt we were ever always stranger’s to. I thank you very heartily for your kind offer of a Chr chair & for yr goodness in sending my things; and after beggg yr excuse for the imperfectns of the above, which in part was owing to havg much Compy that hurrys me I shall conclude Dr Sir Yr most Affe Brothr

G. W——n
Mount Vernon Augt 2d 1755


Title: From George Washington to the County Lieutenants, 2 August 1755
From: Washington, George
To: County Lieutenants

[Mount Vernon, 2 August 1755]
To each County Lieutt in the Northern District Sir

 I intend myself the honour of waitg upon your County, in order to exercise the Militia thereof; and shoud be glad if you woud appoint your Officer’s to meet me at the Court Ho., or some other convenient place with a Firelock, Ammunition, &ca on the  of September next, and the Militia properly accoutre’d, the day following. I am Sir Yr most Obt Servt

G. W——n
Mount Vernon Augt 2d 1755


Title: Memorandum, 2 August 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[2 August 1755]

      Fairfax ... Officers
      31st
      1st Militia

      Prince Wm

       4
      5
      }
      September

      Culpeper

       8
      9

      Stafford

      12
      13

      King George

      15
      16

      Westmoreland

      19
      20

      Richmond

      22
      23

      Northumberland

      26
      27

      Lancaster

      29
      30


Title: From George Washington to Colin Campbell, 2 August 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Campbell, Colin

[Mount Vernon, 2 August 1755]
To Mr Collin CampbellDeputy Adgutt GenlSir

The Army under the Comd of G: Braddock has met with an fortunate defeat, ⟨ erasure ⟩ un⟨ erasure ⟩ which has occasioned my retn much sooner than was ⟨ erasure ⟩from the Ohio; expectd⟨.⟩ This circumstance enables me ⟨ erasure ⟩ full time to ⟨erasure⟩orders the Militia of the several Countys in my district, to meet me; on the days I have appointed. and I have therefore taken this earliest oppertunity of informg you of it; that you may not be troubled abt any but the confine your attendance to those of the Eastern Shore Countys, unless you will undertake to exercise the whole (saving the two Frontier Countys viz. Fairfax and Prince Wm (which I

will take the trouble offf) for the Consideration of 40£’s if you accept of this offer, I shoud be glad to know it before the first of Sepr; and I have inclos’d you a Memm of the days I have appointed times that I have desir’d the Officer’s, and Militia of each County to meet, that you may proceed accordingly. I am Sir Yr most Obt Servt

G. W——n
Mount Vernon Augt 2d 1755


Title: To George Washington from Philip Ludwell, 8 August 1755
From: Ludwell, Philip
To: Washington, George

Dear Washington
Williamsburgh Augt 8 1755

I most heartily congratulate your safe return from so many Dangers & Fatigues & by this Time I hope you are well enough recovered to give us the pleasure of seeing you here which all your Friends are extremely desirous of.
The House has voted 1200 Men but it is very probable they will determine at last for 4000. In Conversation with the Govr about it, I said if this should be done, I supposed his Honour woud give the Command of them to Col: Washington for I thought he deserved every thing that his Country cou’d do for him. The Govr made a reply much in yr Favour; tho’ I understand there is anor warm Sollicitation for it; & if we coud be so happy as to have you here at this Time, & that it were known you were willing to take such a Command; I believe it woud greatly promote the Success of our Endeavours with the Assembly. Mine, as they have allways been, uniformly continue to

procure for such eminent Merit the utmost Encouragement: for, Dear Colo: whilst I am serving so deserving a Man I think with pleasure that I am serving my Country as well as testifying the Sincerity with which I am Sir Your most Obedt Servt

Phi: Ludwell


Title: To George Washington from Charles Lewis, 9 August 1755
From: Lewis, Charles
To: Washington, George

Dr Sir
Warner’s Hall Saturday Eavening [9 August 1755]

My Man waits on You with a Letter from my Brother, I suppose to give You Notice of the good Opinion the Governour Assembly &c. entertain of yr Conduct, I assure You Sir scarce any thing else is talk’d off here, & I with the whole Country most heartily join in congratulating yr safe Return from this last most Dangerous Expedition, and wish with the greatest Sincerity yr Speedy Recovery from an Illness that we hear has so

long depriv’d us of the Pleasure of seeing You. I think ’tis unanimously agreed, you shall command our Forces in the next Scheme to be executed, which I hope will be confirmd on yr arrival in Williamsburg. I have been down some Time in Order by my Friends Interest to procure me a Commission, your Interest Sir may be of the greatest advantage to me, would You be so kind to favour me wth it, the People in these Parts seem very desirous of serving under the brave Colo. Washington, and want nothing more to encourage ’em out, but yr Declaration of going to command them, I hope I shall see You in Wmsburg, till when conclude me Dr Sir yr most humbly devoted Servt to command

Charles Lewis

P.S. Pray excuse Haste my Brother desires I hasten the Boy. C. Lewis


Title: To George Washington from Warner Lewis, 9 August 1755
From: Lewis, Warner
To: Washington, George

Gloster County,Saturday Evening [9 August 1755]
Dear Sir.

I am just come from Wmsburgh where your Friends are extreamly impatient to see you, and our Speaker among them, as every one of my acquaintance profess a fondness for your having the command of the men now to be raised, thought proper to send a man to you to acquaint you of it. Shou’d you incline to proceed on this expedition, ’twou’d give a general satisfaction to our Country, and shou’d be glad to see you in Wmsburgh on Wednesday, if your health will permit, as I am of opinion the Assembly will break up the latter end of next week, they have

voted forty thousand Pounds to be raised by a Land Tax Pole Tax and 5 ⅌ Ct upon all goods imported, and the same out of all Salleries, and to have twelve hundred men imediately raised if possible tho’ as yet the number I believe is not fully settled, as a great number of the Members, much incline to raise 4000 Men, in short they all seem to think it absolutely necessary to raise as many men as will be thought sufficient to repel the Enemy, and I believe, were you present that the greatest regard wou’d be shewn any proposals you shou’d think proper with regard to the expedition. I now Sir Most heartily congratulate you upon your safe arrival among us, and most sincerely condole with you, upon your late illness, which by this I hope you have got the better of, to be enabled to protect our Country, and fix immortal honour upon yourself & posterity. I am Dr George yr most affect. Friend & Obedt Hble Servt

Warner Lewis


Title: From George Washington to Mary Ball Washington, 14 August 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Washington, Mary Ball

[Mount Vernon, 14 August 1755]
To Mrs Washingtonnear FrederickgHonourd Madam

If it is in my power to avoid going to the Ohio again, I shall, but if the Command is press’d upon me by the genl voice of the Country, and offerd upon such terms as can’t be objected against, it woud reflect eternal dishonour upon me to refuse it; and that I am sure must, or ought, to give you greater cause of uneasiness than my going in an honourable Comd; for upon no other terms I will accept of it, if I do at all; at present I have no

proposals, or any mention made abt it, only made to me nor have any advice of such an intention except from private hands. I am Dr Mm &c.

Mount Vernon Augt 14th 1755


Title: From George Washington to Warner Lewis, 14 August 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Lewis, Warner

[Mount Vernon, 14 August 1755]
To Warner Lewis Esqr.Gloucester CtyDear Sir

After returning the you my most sincere, and grateful thanks for your kind condolance on my late indisposition; and for the too generous, and give me leave further to say, partial opinion you have entertaind of my military ability’s; I must express my concern for not having it in my power to meet you, and other Friends, who have signified their desire of seeing me (in Williamsburg). Your Letter only came to hand at nine last Night, and you inform me of that the Assembly will breaking up the latter end of the Week, which allows a time too short to perform a journey of 160 miles distance particularly especially by a person in my weak and feeble condition for altho’ I am happily recover’d from the disorder which brought me to so low an ebb to wch I was reduced, by a sickness of near 5 Weeks contin[uanc]e yet, my strength is not returnd to me. Had I got timely notice, I woud have attempted the ride by slow and easy journeys, if it had been only for the satisfaction of seeing my Friends, who I flatter myself from what you say, are kind enough to sympathise in my good, and evil Fortunes.
The Chief Reason (next to indisposition) that prevd me from coming down this Assembly was a determination not to offer my self Services and that determination proceeded from the following

Reason’s 1st a belief that I coud not get a command upon such terms as I shoud care incline to accept, as for I must confess to you I never will quit my Family, injure my Fortune, and (above all) impair my health to run the risque of such Changes and Viscissitudes as I have done met with; but shall now expect if I am employd again, to have something certain. Again, was I to have accept the command, I shoud insist upon somethings which ignorance and inexperience made me overlook before, particularly that of having the Officers in some measure appointed with my advice, and with my concurrance; for I must say add, I think a commanding Officer not havg this liberty appear’s to me to be one of the a strangest things in Life, when it is well known considered how much the conduct and bravery of an Officer influences the Men; how much a Commanding Officer is answerable for the behaviour of the inferiour Officer’s; and how much his good or ill success in time of action depends upon the conduct of each particular Officer one—; especially too in this kind of Fighting, where being dispersd, each and every of them at that immediate time, has greater liberty to misbehave than if they were regularly, and compactly drawn up under the Eyes of their superior Officer’s. Then, On the other hand, how little credit is given to a Commander who perhaps after a defeat, in relating the cause of it justly lays the blame on some individual whose cowardly behavr betray’d the whole to ruin; how little does the World consider the Circumstances, and how apt are mankind to level their vindictive Censures against the unfortunate Chief, who perhaps merited least of the blame. Does it not appear then that the appointing of Officers is a thing of the utmost consequence; a thing that shoud require the greatest circumspection—Ought it to be left to blind chance? or what is still worse, to a forcd partiality? Shoud it not

be left to a Man whose powers life and what is still dearer, whose honour depends upon their good Examples. behaviour.
There are necessary Officer’s yet wanting, which no Provison haves been made for—A small Military Chest is so absolutely necessary, that it is impossible to do without nor no Man can conduct an affair of this kind that has it not. These things I shoud expect, was I if the appointed. ment fell upon me.
But besides all these, I had other Reasons whh withd me fr. offering my Services—I believe our Circumstances are ⟨illegible⟩ brought to that unhappy Dilemma that no Man can gain any Honour by conductg our Forces at this time; but will rather loose in his reputation if he attempts it; for I am very confidt the progress of military movements must be slow for want of conveniences to transport our Provisions ammunition & Stores &ca over the Mountains, and this chiefly occasion’d in a great measure by the late ill treatmt of the Waggoner’s & Horse driver’s, who have recd little compensatn for their Labr and nothg for their lost Horss. & Wagns, wch will be an infallible mean’s of preventg all from assistg that are not oblig’d compelled; so that I am truely fully sensible, whoever undertakes this command it will meet with such insurmountable obstacles that he will be soon lookd upon in the very light of viewed in the light of an idle indolent body, have his conduct censurd criticised, and perhaps meet perhaps with approbious abuse, when it is may be as much out of his power to avoid these delays as it would be to comd the ragg Seas in a Storm. Seeing Viewing these things in the above

light that I dido, hads no small influence upon me, as I was pretty well assur’d am very apprehensive I shou’d loose what at present constitutes the chief part of my happiness, i. e. the esteem and notice the Country has been pleasd to honour me with.
It is possible you may infer from what I have said that my intention’s is to decline at all events, but my meaning is entirely different not so: I was am determin’d not to offer, because to sollicit the Command, and at the same time to make my proposals, I thought woud look be a little incongruous, and to carrying with it a face of too much self sufficiency as if I imagin’d there were not other’s equally, (if not more) capable of conducting the affair than myself; But if the command shoud be offerd, the case is then alter’d, as I am shd be at liberty to make such objection’s as my Reason and my small experience haved pointed out: I hope you’ll make my Compts to all inquiring Fds—I am Dr Warner Yr most Affe Friend and Obt Servt

G. W——n
Mount Vernon Thursday 14th Augt 1755


Title: I. Commission, 14 August 1755
From: Dinwiddie, Robert
To: Washington, George

Robert Dinwiddie Esqr. His Majesty’s Lt Gr &ca To George Washington Esqr.
[Williamsburg, 14 August 1755]

By Virtue of H: Majesty’s Royal Com[missi]o[n] & Instructs. appointg me Lt Gr & Commander in Chief in & over this his

Colony & Dominion of Virga with full Power & Authority to appoint all Officers both Civil & Military within the same—I reposg especial Trust in Yr Loyalty Courage & good Conduct, do by these Presents appoint You Colonel of the Virga Regimt & Commander in Chief of all the Forces now rais’d & to be rais’d for the Defence of this H: Majesty’s Colony; & for repellg the unjust & hostile Invasions of the Fr. & their Indn Allies—And You are hereby charg’d with full Power and Authority to act defensively & Offensively as You shall think for the good & Wellfare of the Service. And I do hereby strictly charge & require all Officers and Soldiers under Yr Command to be obedient to Yr Orders & diligent in the Exercise of Their several Duties. And I do also strongly enjoin & require You to be Careful in executg the great Trust & Confidence that is repos’d in Yr Managemt by seeing that strict Discipline & Order is carefully observe’d in the army & that the Soldiers are duly exercis’d & provided with all convenient Necessaries. And You are to regulate Yr Conduct in every Respect by the Rules & Discipline of War (as herewith given You) & punctually to observe & follow such Orders & Directs. from Time to Time as You shall receive from me. Given under my Hand &ca Augst 14th 1755.

Pay to commence the 1st Sepr


Title: To George Washington from George Mason, 21 August 1755
From: Mason, George
To: Washington, George

Dr Sir
Dogues Neck Augt 21st 1755

I fully intended to have waited on You this Evening at Belvoir, but find myself so very unwell after my Ride from Court, that I am not able to stir abroad.
I have taken the Liberty to inclose You two Bills for £300 . . . Ster: drawn by Mr Paymaster Genl Johnston on Colo. Hunter, & an Ordr on Govr Dobbs from his Son for £18.15. Ster: also a Letter for Colo. Hunter, & another for his Honr our Govr. If Colo. Hunter shou’d be in Town whilst You stay there, I shou’d

esteem it a particular Favour if You’ll be so kind to negotiate the Affair wth Him: it is indifferent to me whether He pays Cash or Bills, pble in London, at the prevailing Exchange at the time: ’tis probable it may suit Him to take up the Ordr on Govr Dobbs. If You shou’d not see Colo. Hunter, please to leave the Bills with Govr Dinwiddie.
I beg You’ll excuse the Trouble I have taken the Liberty to give You on this Occasion, & give Me Leave to assure You that Nothing wou’d give Me more sensible pleasure than an Opportunity of rendering You any acceptable Service.
I heartily wish You Health & every Felicity, & that You may find the new Regulations in our Military Affairs agreeable to Yr Wishes, & such as will enable you to accept the Command of our Troops with Honour. I am wth my Comps. to all at Belvoir Dr Sir Yr most obdt Hble Sert

G. Mason


Title: To George Washington from Robert Orme, 25 August 1755
From: Orme, Robert
To: Washington, George

My dear George
Augt the 25th 1755

Your Letter gave me infinite Pleasure as every Mark of your Friendship & Remembrance ever will do for believe me I shall ever however seperated cultivat⟨e⟩ as close an Intercourse as our Distance will permit. I thought you very long before you writ and feard some Accident which your ill State of Health at parting from us seem to confirm. The Part of your Letter mentioning the Reflections upon the General gives me much Uneasyness tho. I feel a Contempt for the Detracters which alleviates in some Degree my Concern I know the ignorant and rascally CD. is one promoter through resentment and malevolence and the thick head Baronet another intending to build his Character upon the Ruins of one much more amiable than

his can be. For my Part I judge it a Duty to vindicate the Memory of a Man whom I greatly and deservedly esteemd and I think every Man whom he regarded should be his Advocate keeping litterally to Facts which ⟨must always⟩ improve the goodness of his Disposition. I am convinced the Affection he bore you as well as your Integrity and good Nature will make you assidu⟨ous⟩ in removing those abominable Prejudices the generality of People have imbibed and publish. It is very hard the Bluntness and openness of a Mans Temper should be called Brutality and that he who would hear Opinions more freely than any Man should be accused of Obstinacy and Peremptoriness. In short in a thousand Particulars I find such Lies and Opposites that I will say no more.
Pray write to me in Philadelphia and direct at the Governors and to me in London in Hollis Street sending me from time to time the American News and commanding my Service in England which will ever give me the greatest Happyness.
Coll Burton and Morris desire their Compliments & I am My dear George Yr most affectionate Friend

Robt Orme


Title: To George Washington from John Martin, 30 August 1755
From: Martin, John
To: Washington, George

Sir
30 Augt 1755

The Under Sherif of this County Carries Down three Deserters which were taken up here and as they are of our Brave Blues, I most Earnestly Intreat your Interest in Procuring a

Pardon for them. Smith has a Sweetheart & 2 Children here & Barker a Wife which I Presume were the Loadstones that Attracted them. Permit me now Sir to Congratulate on Your Late Escape & the Immortal Honr you have Gain’d on the Banks of Ohio & in the most Glorious of Causes the Defense of your Country, and to Beg the Favour of your Company & any friends if You return this Way. I live within two Small miles of King Wm. Cthouse & there you may be directed to Sr Your very obedt & very Hbl. Servt

John Martin

Since Writing the above two have broke Prison & run off & Smith Carried


Title: Memorandum, 3 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[Williamsburg, 3 September 1755]

All the Officers then present received the foregoing Instructions, and money for Recruiting; and some of them were appointed to act ’till further Orders, as followeth: viz. To Captain Spotswoods Company, Lieutenant Lomax and Ensign Carter, were ordered to do Duty as Subalterns: and to Captain Harrison—Lieutenant John Hall; Ensign Nathaniel Thompson. To Captain Lewis: Lieutenant Peter Steenbergen; Ensign Edward Hubard. To Captain Peachy, Lieutenant John Williams; Ensign William Dangerfield. To Captain Bell, Lieutenant John Campbell; Ensign William Fleming. To Captain McKenzie, Lieutenant James Baker, Ensign Leonard Price.
And were ordered by their Instructions, to Rendezvous as followeth:
Fredericksburgh—Captain Spotswood, and Company, Captain Harrison, and Company, Captain Lewis, and Company. Winchester—Captain Bell, and Company—Alexandria. Captain Peachy, and Company; Captain McKenzie, and Company.
The other Subalterns then present, videlicet; Lieutenant’s Brockenbrough, Lowry and King: Ensigns, Millner, Dean and Weedon; who were not appointed to any particular Companies; were ordered to Rendezvous at

Fredericksburgh—Lieutenant Lowry; Ensign Weedon—Alexandria—Lieutenant Brockenbrough, Lieutenant John King, Ensign John Dean.
And received the following Orders.
To Lieutenant Austin Brockenbrough.
You are hereby ordered to Repair to Alexandria, your place of Rendezvous, by the time appointed in your Instructions, and if the Field Officer for that place, should not be arrived; you are there, to apply to Mr Carlyle for Orders.
If it should happen, which I hope it will not, that you can not get your full Complement of Men by the limited time; you must then send up what you have, under the care of one of your trustiest men; and if you conveniently can, it would be right to join them with some other Company, appointed to that Rendezvous, and remain behind ’till you have completed your number, without you receive Orders to the contrary. Given under my hand at Williamsburgh: September 3d 1755.


Title: Memorandum, 6 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[Fredericksburg, 6 September 1755]

At the same time, the Instructions given to the other Subalterns were the same with these, differing only in this Respect; those who were ordered to Rendezvous at Fredericksburgh, were to apply to Mr Dick for orders, in case the Field Officer

for that place was not arrived; and those who were ordered to Alexandria, were to apply to Mr Carlyle.
After issuing the aforesaid Orders, I set out for Fredericksburgh; from whence I sent Expresses with the following Letters and Orders.


Title: From George Washington to Peter Hog, 6 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Hog, Peter

To Captain Peter Hogg, of the Virginia Regiment.
[Fredericksburg, 6 September 1755]

You are hereby Ordered, and strictly commanded, to repair immediately, upon the Receipt of this, to Jackson’s River, or the Head-Quarters of Captain Lewis’s Company; and there take upon you the Command of said Company. You are therefore to be very punctual in obeying such Orders as have or may be given, by the Governour; and such as you shall receive, from time to time, from me: And above all; you are to be particularly careful in using your best Endeavours, to Guard and Protect the Inhabitants and Settlers in those Parts from the Incursions of the French, and their Indians; and to conform and regulate your Conduct, in every respect, by the Strict Rules and Discipline

of War. Given under my hand, this Sixth Day of September, 1755.

G:W.


Title: From George Washington to Andrew Lewis, 6 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Lewis, Andrew

Orders for Major Andrew LewisSir,
[Fredericksburg, 6 September 1755]

You are hereby ordered, to repair to Fredericksburgh immediately upon the arrival of Captain Hogg; who is to take the command of your Company: And upon applying to Mr Dick, you will meet with your Commission and Instructions—You must, before you quit your Company, be careful in collecting an exact Return of the Effectives, and non-effectives; the State of their Arms of all sorts; the Provisions, Ammunition, Clothing, & Working Tools; in order to Render me a just account upon your arrival. Given under my hand, this 6th Day of September, 1755.

G:W.


Title: From George Washington to Charles Dick, 6 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Dick, Charles

[Fredericksburg, 6 September 1755]

Orders for Mr Commissary Dick
You are hereby ordered, to ascertain as near as possible the Country’s Debts, that they may be transmitted to the Governour.
You are to Lay in Provisions at Winchester, Fredericksburgh and Alexandria, as they arrive, and to send up a Quantity of Salt for Curing the Beef at Fort Cumberland—Also to procure Coopers to make Casks for Pickling the Beef.
You are to provide Kettles, and Barracks for the Soldiers as

they arrive; likewise Fuel &c. upon as reasonable Terms as possible, and I will answer the charge.
You are to supply Major Andrew Lewis with Powder for Practicing the Recruits in their different Firings; and to deliver the enclosed Packet to him.
In case any of the Recruiting Officers should arrive in Town, before Major Lewis, you are then to open the packet, and deliver to such Officers his Orders, if his name is there, if not, he is to open the Letter that contains his Captains Orders, and to govern himself by them &c. Given under my hand at Fredericksburgh: the sixth day of September, 1755.

G:W.


Title: From George Washington to Andrew Lewis, 6 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Lewis, Andrew

[Fredericksburg, 6 September 1755]

Instructions for Major Lewis.
1st So soon as you arrive in Town, you are to take upon you the Command of the Troops that are Recruited, and brought in from the different Counties by the several Officers: and after Reviewing, you are to Receive and reject such men as fall under the enclosed Instructions; which were delivered to each Recruiting Officer, to Regulate his Conduct by. 2dly You are to be very careful in having exact Returns made every Day of each Company; by which you are to see no more Provisions are drawn for, than what is necessary.
3dly You are to see that the Muster-Rolls of each Company and Party, are called three times a day; and that the men are as often called out and taught the New platoon way of Exercising; That you may be the better enabled to do this, I shall order a Sergeant or two from Fort Cumberland. 4thly The Men are to Cook their own Provisions in the Barracks, provided by Mr Commissary Dick; who you are to apply to for Kettles and other absolute Necessaries.
5thly The Men are to be regularly practised in Shooting at Targets, in order that they may acquire a Dexterity in that kind of firing.

6thly In all things, you are to see that good Regular Discipline is observed; in order to do which, you are to Govern yourself in every respect, by the Rules and Articles of War. Given under my hand, this Sixth of September, 1755.

G:W.

Herewith is enclosed the Orders for the Several Recruiting Officers, which you may deliver as they come in.


Title: Memorandum, 6 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[Fredericksburg, 6 September 1755]

A Copy of these Orders was also enlosed for Captain’s Lewis and Harrison, and Lieutenant Lowry, and Ensign Weedon.
From hence I proceeded to Alexandria, and left the following Orders.


Title: To George Washington from Charles Dick, 6 September 1755
From: Dick, Charles
To: Washington, George

Sir
[Fredericksburg] Septembr 6th 1755

I wish I had been at Home when you was pleased to call last Night. it might have saved this Trouble of writing, However as you desire I now send You all the Information I can as to the Commission as Commissary, Which I think I had from the same Authority you seem to have Yours, and with very full powers and Instructions. Agreeable to which Mr Walker & my Self embarkd in the Affair, happily compleated what we had undertaken, I have sunk my Money in the Service (tho we were assured of being constantly supply’d) in confidence of the Publick faith that I shoud not suffer, instead of which I am denied my

Money, Provisions Waggns &c. ⟨co⟩ntracted by us on the said Faith & Instructions for the use of ⟨mutilated⟩ ⟨Expe⟩dition refused to be paid for, or to send money to discharge ⟨mutilated⟩ for which there are Suits now commenced against me, have ⟨mutilated⟩nced my own Charges & not one farthing paid me for all I have done, As this is the Case besides 50 things more too tedious to mention, I leave you to Judge what man can bare such usage. As for detaining any thing belonging to the Expedition it is not my Intention, As I have the Governors hand writing by me to Support & pay every thing we shoud engage for the Expedition, Else I assure you I should dispute any Obligation I had to give up any thing till it was paid for & I secured, So that Whoever you appoint may have all the right & Title I have over all the Stores belonging to the Expedition. You are pleased to be of Oppinion that if I continued at least till the Committee meets in Octobr when they may obviate all my Objections which as they are not well understd by them, there will be a Necessity of my being there, else the same Usage I have had I should meet with, And any one to undertake the Business cannot spare the time to go to Wmsbg if I rightly guess or know what is or ought to be done as Comy Neither have you made any Mention of what I shoud have in engaging in such an affair again, As I should now be thoroughly satisfied by a certain Agreement well knowing what it is to leave Things undetermind in serving the Pubk. I am Sir Your very Obedt Humble Servt

Chas Dick


Title: From George Washington to Adam Stephen, 11 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Stephen, Adam

[Alexandria, 11 September 1755]

Instructions for Lieutenant Colonel Stephen.
1st So soon as you arrive in Alexandria, you are to take upon you the command of the Troops that are Recruited and brought in from the different Counties, by the several Officers; and after reviewing them, you are to receive and reject, such men as fall properly under the enclosed Instructions, which were delivered each Recruiting Officer, to Regulate his Conduct by.
2dly You are to be very careful in having exact Returns made every Day of each Company; by which you are to see that no more Provisions are drawn than what is necessary—3dly You are to see that the Muster Rolls of each Company and Party, are called regularly three times a day; and that the Men are as often called out, and taught the New platoon way of Exercising.
4thly The Men are to Cook their own provisions in the Barracks provided by Major Carlyle; whom you are to apply to for such necessary things, as you shall have absolute occasion for. 5thly The Men are to be regularly practised in Shooting at Targets; in order that they may acquire a Dexterity in that way of Firing.
6thly In all things you are to see that good and regular Discipline is observed; in order to do which, you are to Govern yourself in every Respect, by the Rules and Articles, of War. Given under my hand, this Eleventh of September, 1755.

G:W.

Herewith are enclosed the Orders for each Recruiting Officer appointed to this Rendezvous; which you may deliver as they come in.


Title: From George Washington to William Peachey, 11 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Peachey, William

To Captain William Peachy, of the Virginia Regiment.
[Alexandria, 11 September 1755]

You are hereby Ordered, as soon as you arrive in Town with

your Recruits, to put yourself under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Adam Stephen, or the Field Officer appointed to that Rendezvous: and you are to be strictly obedient to such Lawful Commands as you shall from time to time receive from him; and particularly to observe, that the Muster Roll of your Men is regularly called three times a day; and that they are as often called out to their Exercise; at which times you are to be present.
If it should happen that you arrive before the Field Officer; you are then to receive your Orders from, and make your daily Reports to the Oldest Officer present, having regard to the above Directions. Given &c. at Alexandria: Sept. 11th 1755.

G:W.


Title: Memorandum, 11 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[Alexandria, 11 September 1755]

A Copy of these Instructions was also left for the other Officers appointed to this Rendezvous; and the following Letters wrote.


Title: From George Washington to John Robinson, 11 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Robinson, John

[Alexandria, 11 September 1755]
To John Robinson Esquire.

After a small Halt at Fredericksburgh, to issue out Orders to the Recruiting Officers appointed to that Rendezvous, I proceeded to this place, in order to collect a Return of the Provisions, Clothing, &c. that were lodged here; an exact Copy of which I herewith send you. I find after the Soldiers have their short allowances, there will arise great inconveniences, if Stores of Clothing are not laid in to Supply their wants; particularly, Shoes, Stockings and Shirts; for these are the least durable, and mostly needed.
The method I would Recommend is, for the Country to provide these Things, and Lodge them, or a convenient part thereof, in the hands of the Quarter-Master, who may be appointed

to Receive and Deliver them to the Soldiers, by particular Orders from their Captains, taking care to produce these Orders and proper Vouchers, for the delivery, each pay Day, when it must be deducted out of that Soldier’s pay, who receives it; and then this, I think, will be a means of keeping them always provided and fit for Duty, preventing the Officers from supplying the men, which is generally attended with misunderstandings; and will also be a means of discouraging Followers of the Army from Demanding such exorbitant prices as is usually practised on these Occasions. However, I only offer this as the most efficacious method I can at present think of; If any other more elligible can be found, I should be glad to see it executed; as something of the kind must be done, otherwise the Soldiers will be Barefoot &c. which always pleads exemption from Duty; and indeed, in the approaching Season, will be a very just one. You will be a Judge when you see the Returns, what had best be done with the Provisions; the Quantity is too great for the present Consumption, and to Waggon it up, can never answer the expence.
Major Carlyle thinks the West India Market best, as the Returns will be in Rum; which he can soon turn into Flour at the Camp.
I am afraid, I shall not be able to push Things with vigour this Fall, for want of a Commissary who will act with Spirit; Mr Dick seeming determined not to enter into any further Contracts, unless he is better supported, or ’till he meets the Committe in October; by which time the best Season for engaging Beef, will be almost over—and the Governour, by the advice of Sir John St Clair, expressed, just as I was coming away, his desire of having him continued; so that I am entirely ignorant how to act—The making Contracts myself, is foreign to my Duty; neither have I time; and to see the Service Suffer, will give me infinite uneasiness—as I would gladly conduct every thing as far as I am capable, with Life and Spirit; which never can be done without a Fund of money is Lodged in Camp, for Defraying the contingent Charges—As I believed it difficult to get all the Clothing in any one part of the Country; I engaged it where I could, and have got Shoes, Stockings, Shirts and Hats, enough upon tolerable good Terms, as you may see by the Enclosed.

Major Carlyle is also willing to engage one hundred complete Suits, as good as those imported, for Three pounds or less; which I have acquainted the Governor of; and believe it to be as cheap as can be got below; as it is the making chiefly that occasions the difference between the Imported, and those provided here. I am Yrs

G:W.
Alexandria—September 11, 1755.


Title: To George Washington from John Robinson, 14 September 1755
From: Robinson, John
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
[Williamsburg] Sept. 14 1755

I received your favour by the Express, anduch approve of the Method you propose of supplying the men with Necessaries, and doubt not but the Committee will readily agree to it, at our next meeting, when I shall mention it to them, as to the other Matters you mention, I am satisfied that they will appear so reasonable, upon consideration, to the Committee, that they will not hesitate about them, as they know very well that it is not desired from a sordid or Lucrative voice; You may depend on my representing them in the strongest and clearest light I am able, for I am with unfeigned truth Dr Sir Your Sincere Freind and Servt

John Robinson


Title: From George Washington to George Gordon, 15 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Gordon, George

[Winchester, 15 September 1755]
To Ensign George Gordon.

You are hereby Ordered, and appointed to act as Cornet of the Light Horse, until further Orders: you are therefore to repair immediately to the Troop, and take the Command thereof, until the arrival of Captain Stuart; and I do hereby Order and require strictly, them and each of them, to obey you as their Cornet. Given under my hand at Winchester, the fifteenth of September, 1755.

G:W.


Title: From George Washington to George Gordon, 15 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Gordon, George

[Winchester, 15 September 1755]

Instructions for Ensign Gordon.
1st You are immediately upon your coming to the Troop, to dispatch a trusty Corporal with the enclosed Letter to the Store-Keeper at Connogogee, ordering him to receive an answer, and to proceed thence with all imaginable Dispatch to me, at Fort Cumberland.

2ly You are to collect and send to me, by the said Corporal, an exact Return of your Men; the State of their Arms of every kind; their Clothing, Horses, &c. Given under my hand, at Winchester: the fifteenth of September, 1755.

G:W.


Title: From George Washington to John Jones, 15 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Jones, John

[Winchester, 15 September 1755]
To Mr John Johnes, at Conogogee.Sir,

I have sent the Bearer (of the Light Horse) to desire an exact Return of all the Things and Country’s Stores which are in your possession; and must desire, that you will be very particular in the Quantity and Quality of all Things, and send it immediately. I am your &c.

G:W.
Winchester: Septr 15th 1755.


Title: From George Washington to David Bell, 15 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Bell, David

[Winchester, 15 September 1755]
To Captain Bell, or either of his Subalterns.

If it happens that I am not in Winchester when you arrive there with your Recruits; You are hereby ordered to put yourself &c. under the Command of the oldest officer then present; observing particularly, all such Directions as you shall from time to time receive from him. But, if it should so fall out, that you are the first that arrive there, or if you should be the oldest Officer there; you are then to govern yourself by the enclosed Instructions. Given under my hand, this fifteenth Day of September, 1755.

G:W.


Title: Memorandum, 17 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[17 September 1755]

From thence I continued to Fort Cumberland, and took upon me the Command of the Troops there; issuing the Daily Orders, and giving such Instructions and Directions, as appeared necessary.


Title: Orders, 17 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[17 September 1755]

Ensign Forgie for the Day. Parole Success. Fort Cumberland: September 17, 1755.
George Washington Esquire, is by His Honor Governour Dinwiddie, appointed Colonel of the Virginia Regiment, and Commander in Chief of all the Forces that now are, and shall be Raised &c. &c.
Captain Adam Stephen is appointed Lieutenant Colonel; and Captain Andrew Lewis, Major of the same Regiment—Captain George Mercer, of the Virginia Forces, is appointed aid de Camp to Colonel Washington.
Lieutenants John Savage, John Mercer, Joshua Lewis, and Henry Woodward, are promoted as Captains in the Virginia Regiment.
Mr Robert Spotswood, Carter Harrison, Charles Lewis, William Peachy, David Bell, and Robert McKenzie, are appointed Captains in the same Regiment.
Ensigns Thomas Bullet, Walter Stewart, John Blegg, Hancock Eustace, and George Frazier, are promoted to Lieutenants—Mr John Edward Lomax, Peter Steenbergen, John Williams, Augustine Brokenborough, John Campbell, John Hall, John Lowry, John King, and James Baker, are appointed Lieutenants: Quarter Master, Mordecai Buckner, is appointed Ensign. Mr John Polson, William Dangerfield, Edward Hubbard, John Dean, Nathaniel Milner, William Fleming, Leonard Price, Nathaniel Thomson, Thomas Carter, Charles Smith, Lee Hessius

Dekeyzier; George Gordon, and George Weeden, are appointed Ensigns.
The former Captains and Lieutenants, who are not promoted, continue in their former posts—James Livingston, Fort-Major, is appointed Adjutant to the Virginia Regiment—Every Officer of the Virginia Regiment, to provide himself as soon as he can conveniently, with a Suit of Regimentals of good blue Cloath; the Coat to be faced and cuffed with Scarlet, and trimmed with Silver: a Scarlet waistcoat, with silver Lace, blue Breeches, and a silver-laced Hat, if to be had, for Camp or Garrison Duty.
Besides this, each Officer to provide himself with a common Soldiers Dress, for Detachments, and Duty in the Woods.
The Captain or Commanding Officer, of each Company, to give in an exact Return of the State of his Company; specifying the number of Arms, Tents, Kettles, and Clothing thereto Belonging. All Orders before given for the Regulation of the Fort and Camp, to be punctually obeyed.
Mr Defever, Conductor of the Train, to give in an exact Return of the ammunition of all Sorts, and Tools of every kind.
All the Officers of the Virginia Regiment, to attend Colonel Washington at five O’Clock this Evening, in the Room adjoining the Fort Majors’.


Title: Memorandum, 17 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[17 September 1755]

                   Lieutt Colo.—Adam Stephen
                  Andrew Lewis—Major

                  Captains

                  Lieutenants

                  Ensigns

                  1st
                  Peter Hogg
                  2
                  Jno. McNeill
                  12–1st
                  Thomas Carter

                   2
                  George Mercer
                  3
                  William Starke
                  3d–2
                  [Edward] Hubbard

                   3
                  Thomas Waggener
                  4
                  Thomas Bullet
                  4th–3
                  Jno. Dean

                   4
                  Robert Stuart
                  5
                  Walter Stuart
                  2d–4
                  William Dangerfield

                   5
                  Thomas Cocke
                  6
                  Jno. Blagg
                  5th–5
                  Nathaniel Milner

                   6
                  John Savage
                  7
                  Hancock Eustace
                  1st–6
                  Mordaica Buckner

                  William Bronaugh
                  8
                  George Frazier
                  13–7
                  Charles Smith

                   7
                  John Mercer
                  9
                  Jno. Edwd Lomax
                  6–8
                  [William] Flemming

                   8
                  Joshua Lewis
                  10
                  Peter Steenbergen
                  7–9
                  [Leonard] Price

                   9
                  Henry Woodward
                  11
                  Jno. Williams
                  8th–10
                  Natl Thompson

                  10
                  Robert Spotswood
                  12
                  Aus. Brokenbourg
                  9–11
                  Alexr Stephn

                  11
                  Carter Harrison
                  13
                  Jno. Campbell
                  10–12
                  [John] Polson

                  12
                  Charles Lewis
                  14
                  Jno. King
                  11–13
                  George Hedgman

                  13
                  William Peachy
                  15
                  James Baker
                  14–14
                  [Lehaynsius] Dekizer

                  15
                  David Bell
                  16
                   Merriweather
                  15–15
                  [George] Gordon

                  16
                  Robert McKenzie

                  Jno. Lowry
                  16–16
                  [George] Weeden

NB
Beside the above ⟨mutilated⟩mount to 1008 Men Including Officer’s, non Com⟨mutilated⟩rs, and Bat Men I think it absolutely necess⟨mutilated⟩ Company of Scouts for Intelligence & ca⟨mutilated⟩ly recommend Mr Gist for the Command ⟨mutilated⟩


Title: To George Washington from Robert Dinwiddie, 17 September 1755
From: Dinwiddie, Robert
To: Washington, George

Sir
[Williamsburg] Septr 17th 1755

I recd yrs of the 11th with Acct of the Clothg & Provis[ion]s I suppose You will find some more Clothg at Winchester for the Acct at Alexaa belong. to me comes short of my Acct—I have had 500 Shirts made here & 100 Tents—I think you may engage from Mr Carlyle the white Shirts, Shoes, Hatts & the white Yearn Hose. Mr Dick has 84 Doz. of Soldiers Stock[ings] come in wch if he will sell reasonable will compleat that Article—& if the compleat Suits You mentn of Cloaths includes Stocks. Shoes, Shirts & Hatts at 3£ it is well to engage them & as I am much hurried please give Mr Carlyle Yr Orders about them & I shall give Directs. for making some here—I approve of Yr Proposal of havg a further Supply of Stocks. Shoes &ca lodg’d with the Qr Mr to be issued as you say. I shall suspend sendg to Philada till I see You the Necessaries wanted from thence may be got Time enough. I hope to provide 5 or 600 Blankets here. I have wrote to the Speaker to give Directs. to Majr Carlyle abt the Proviss. on Hand & I think if he can sell them at Alexaa it will be better probably he may take them to his own Acct to ship to the West Indies, but the Flour may be kept for the Recruits & I think they may be supplied for the prest with the Irish Beef. I cannot expect you can do much this Fall but to keep the People together to have them taught their Exercise & teach them as much as possible Bush-fighting. I am sorry Mr Dick will not

continue Commisy as he is active & well known in the Cotry & wd do better than any other in seeing the Proviss. salted & he will be duly supplied with Cash from Yr military Chest wch You will have at the Court & there will be 500 Beeves from No. Caro. that I have engag’d to pay & believe a great Part of them must be at the Fort by this Time & Co. Innes left 140 there that there will be only Hogs to purchase, as there is 1000 bls of Flour at Conegacheeg which soon may be carried to the Ft by Water. When Mr Dick meets the Committee in Octr I doubt not they will settle & pay his Balla. after that the Hogs may be purchas’d but I wish a Quty were now engag’d. If You want Money I am perswaded on Yr Lr the Speaker will supply You. I dread the Recruitg tho’ the Officers before they had their Commissions were very sanguine that they cd raise their Companies. Some Draughts out of some of the Counties have been refractory, the Attoy Gl has Orders to prosecute them on the Act of Assembly for Example to others—C. Waggener remd here but three Days & went up to wait on You for Orders—Poor Steuart is sick of a Fever—& I doubt not under Yr Managemt You will bring them into good Order. I wish You Health & am Sr Yr m. h. S.

P:S: Give Yr Orders for makg b[arre]ls at the Fort. I recomd ½ bls as a Horse may carry two of them—An Ensign is wanted for Majr Lewis’s Coy You formerly recomended Mr Merriweather he being appointed will be very agreeable to me.


Title: To George Washington from John Jones, 17 September 1755
From: Jones, John
To: Washington, George

Sir:
Conocagea [Md.] Septr 17 1755

Its impossible to Return an exact Accot of whats on hand as to perticulars, I haveg no delivery nor could not get any. Mr Thos Walker gott an estimate of the provisions Vizt.

1000 Barrls Flouer
50 Barrls Beef
27 Tun of Codd Fish

which I think comes near the purpose an exact Return Shall be deliverd Mr Dick on Wednessdays next of whats been deliverd in my time as likewise Ed above of whats on hand. I’m Sr Yr Most Obedt Hbl. Servt

Jno. Jones


Title: Orders, 18 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[18 September 1755]

Ensign Buckner, Officer for the Day. Parole Diligence. Fort-Cumberland: September 18th 1755.
Lieutenant Bronaugh is promoted as a Captain in the Virginia Regiment. All the Men of the Virginia Troops are to be formed into two Companies, which are to be commanded by Captains Savage and Bronaugh, ’till further Orders.
Captain Savage, Lieutenant Blegg, and Ensign Smith, to take care of Captains Steven, Hogg, and Mercer’s Companies—Captain Bronaugh, Lieutenant Stewart, and Ensign Polson, to take care of Captain Waggeners (late Polson Peyrouny and Cocke’s Companies).
All the rest of the Officers of the Virginia Troops, to attend Colonel Washington at 12 O’Clock, to Receive their Recruiting Instructions.


Title: After Orders, 18 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[Fort Cumberland, Md., 18 September 1755]

After orders.
The commanding Officers of Companies, are this Evening to Recommend such Men of their Companies, as they think fit for Sergeants, and Corporals for the new Companies.
It is desired, that none of the officers will recommend any, but such as they can vouch for their Behaviour.


Title: Memorandum, 18 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[Fort Cumberland, Md., 18 September 1755]

Ensign Buckner was ordered to act as Ensign under Captain Lewis, and Received the same Orders.


Title: Memorandum, 18 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[Fort Cumberland, Md., 18 September 1755]

Lieutenant Starke received the same Orders as Lieutenant

Eustace; and ordered to continue in Captain Cockes Company, until further Orders.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Cocke, 18 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Cocke, Thomas

[Fort Cumberland, Md., 18 September 1755]
To Captain Cocke of the Virginia Regiment.

Whereas the Service Requires a number of Men to be Raised with all convenient Dispatch: You are hereby ordered to Repair as soon as possible to these publick Places, where you have the greatest prospect of meeting with Success, avoiding as much as you can, going where other Officers have been before; and there use your best Endeavours, in Recruiting Men for His Majesty’s Service, under my Command—Having particular regard to do nothing contrary to your Recruiting Instructions.
You are to send your Subalterns into such Counties as you shall think most advisable, to Expedite the Recruiting Service: And you are to send me accounts from time to time, of your Proceedings and Success: and to be punctual in obeying all such Orders as you shall Receive from me. Lastly, I recommend it to you, and your Officers to use your utmost Diligence, and Dispatch. Given under my hand, at Fort Cumberland, September 18th 1755.

G:W.


Title: To George Washington from John Defever, 18 September 1755
From: Defever, John
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fort Cumberland [Md.] Sept. 18th 1755

Return of the stores Belonging to the Royal Trane of Artillery Left at Fort Cumberland: viz:

                  Tumbril
                  1

                  Cover’d Waggons
                  15

                  Sling Cart Compleat

                  1

                  Round Shot with Wooden Bottoms

                  6 pts
                  100

                  Tin Cases fill’d with iron shot &

                  12 pts
                  112

                  Fix’d with Wooden Bottoms
                  6 pts
                  392

                  Grape shot with Wooden Tampeons and  pins Compleat for Howitzers

                  8

                  spare Round shot 6 pounders

                  1100

                  Corn’d powder Copper hoop’d Whole Barrells

                  291

                  Tann’d Hides

                  5

                  Wadmill Tilts

                  3

                  Hair Cloth

                  4

                  Leather Buckets

                  2

                  spare laddle staves

                  12

                  splinter padlocks

                  3

                  {
                  Spades
                  21

                  Pick axes helv’d

                  24

                  Hand Bills

                  28

                  shovels

                  140

                  Intrenching Tools
                  Felling axes

                  39

                  Do without helves

                  44

                  Hand Hatchets

                  28

                  Cross cut saws

                  2

                  sand Bags
                  ½ Bushel

                  6000

                  Wheel Barrows Compleat

                  8

                  Bottoms for Do

                  23

                  Wheels for Do

                  87

                  Hand Barrows

                  15

                  Park Pickets

                  40

                  Wood Mauls

                  2

                  Mantlets

                  20

                  Wall Pieces

                  10

               For small arms

                  spare ramrods
                  Musquet
                    Wood
                  350

                    Flints for

                           {
                           Musquet
                           40,000

                           Wall Pieces
                           200

                  T
                  cwt
                  2
                  lb

                  Lead shot
                  {
                  Musquet
                  29.
                  16.
                  0.
                  0

                  Wall Pieces
                  0.
                  0.
                  1.
                  2

               Laboratory Stores

                  Hand Grenadoes fix’d
                  1000

                  Laboratory Tent
                  1

               Copper hoops

                  For Whole Barrells
                  Bundles 26 4 in Each
                  104

Your Humble ServantJohn Defever


Title: Orders, 19 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[19 September 1755]

Lieutenant McManners, Officer for the Day. Parole England.Fort Cumberland: September 19th 1755.
All the Men of the two Companies formed Yesterday, are to distinguish their Firelocks by some particular mark, which the Subaltern Officers of the Companies are to enter in a Book, which they are to keep for that purpose—And if any man changes or loses his Firelock, or other Arms, he is to be confined and severely punished. The Arms of all Deserters or Dead Men, are immediately to be delivered to the Commissary, who is to pass his Receipt for them to the Commanding Officer of the Company.
Any Soldier who is guilty of any breach of the Articles of War, by Swearing, getting Drunk, or using an Obscene Language; shall be severely Punished, without the Benefit of a Court Martial.
A Court Martial to sit immediately, for Trial of all the Prisoners in the Guard.
Captain Savage—President.

                  Members
                  Lieutenant Roe, Lieutenant Steuart;

                  Lieutenant Linn, Lieutenant Blegg.

The Officers of the two Companies formed Yesterday, are to have their Rolls  called over thrice every Day; which the Officers are to attend and see Done by turns, beginning with the Captain: and if any Soldier is absent without Leave, he is to be confined immediately, and tried by a Court Martial, or punished at the Discretion of the Commanding Officer.
After Orders.
As Complaint has been made to me, that John Stewart, Soldier in Captain Bronaughs Company, keeps a Disorderly and riotous Assembly, constantly about him.
I do Order, that, for the future, he shall not presume to Sell any Liquor to any Soldier or any other Person whatsoever, under pain of the severest punishment.


Title: From George Washington to Andrew Montour, 19 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Montour, Andrew

[Fort Cumberland, Md., 19 September 1755]
To Captain Montour.Sir,

The number of the Virginia Forces is considerably augmented,

and I have again taken them under my Command.
I am therefore very desirous of seeing you here; and the more so, because I have it in my power to do something for you in a Settled way, which I hope will be agreeable to you. You have, much contrary to my inclinations, been tossed about from place to place, and disappointed in your just Expectations: which Inconveniences I will Remedy, as much as lies in my power.
I desire you will bring some Indians along with you; which will put it more in my power to Serve you—They shall be better used than they have been, and have all the kindness from us they can desire.
If you think it proper to bring Mrs Montour along with you, she shall Receive the best Usage, and be provided for. I am &c.

G:W.
Fort Cumberland—September 19th 1755


Title: From George Washington to Charles Dick, 20 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Dick, Charles

Sir
[Fort Cumberland, Md., 20 September 1755]

You are hereby desir’d, to give in an exact return of all the cloathing of every kind, Arms of all sorts, Ammunition Provision’s Tents, Pack saddles &ca &ca that are at Winchester: and to be very particular in distinguishing the quantity and quality of each sort.
I must also desire that you will provide Barracks, Provision’s, and other absolute necessarys for the Recruits as they arrive at that place of Rendezvous and,
If you find any difficulty in getting Provision’s in the Neighbourhood of Winchester you must send to Conogogee to enable you to do this, I have furnish’d you with £20.

I have left a Letter, and orders for Captn Bell or his subalterns, which I desire you will deliver, or cause to be deliver’d so soon as he or they come to their Rendezvous which will be the first of October—As the Letter contain’s the Officer’s Instruction’s the first that arrives is order’d to open it. Given under my hand at Fort Cumberland the 20th of Septr 1755.

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Adam Stephen, 20 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Stephen, Adam

[Fort Cumberland, Md., 20 September 1755]

Instructions to Colonel Adam Stephen.
1st To complete the Stockade round the Magazine, as soon as possible; and to have that House which contains the empty Casks, covered with Dirt, and the Ammunition removed into it.
2ly To have the Barracks well cleaned and Sweetened, as soon as the Hospital is Removed, and the Troops moved into them.
3ly To have Wood on the other side of the Run cut down, and Burnt, or Corded up for Firing.
4ly To Secure all the publick Horses that may be brought in by the Country People; and to use all possibe Diligence, in getting those that are carried off by others.
5ly To send out a Party after the Horses John Nickols informs of; also after Some that were Sold to John Nealand, without Leave; and to employ Hands to look after the whole, until I return.
6ly To See that both Officers and Soldiers, are Regularly and constantly, Exercised twice a Day; and that the Adjutant is very Diligent in his Duty. 7ly To be particularly kind &c. to Captain Montour, and to Treat the Indians, if any arrive with him, in the most familiar manner. 8ly To Leave Instructions with Captain Savage, to observe the same Directions, when you come to Williamsburgh.
9ly When the Coopers arrive, to see they are constantly employed; & they are to make their Casks so small, that a Horse may carry two of them.

If they do not arrive soon, you are to send an Express for them.
10ly To see that the Gun-Smith is as Expeditious as possible, in Repairing the Arms: and to order the Carpenters to make Ram-rods for them. 11ly To send three Sergeants to each place of Rendezvous; as soon as they shall be thought capable of teaching the Recruits; and to deliver each of them one of the Country’s Horses, if it is thought advisable—as they are to be answerable for them. Given under my Hand, at Fort-Cumberland, September 20th 1755.

G:W.


Title: To George Washington from Peter Hog, 23 September 1755
From: Hog, Peter
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fort Dinwiddie 23: Sept: 1755

I arrived here on the Sunday Evening which Majr Lewis can Inform you was using great dispatch for the badness of the Road. I send you Inclosed a return of the Men remaining at the fort, with a List of the Tentes tools Arms & Ammunition[.] You will observe the smal proportion of Each considering the

great distance from Supplies. The fort is Inclosed on the four sides but the Bastions are yet to finish[,] the Barracks to Build, & much timber to be Cutt down to Clear a space from the fort; the many parties sent out to Scour the Country has prevented Majr Lewis from doing this hitherto, and if the Indians continue to harass the Inhabitants parties must be sent out to protect them especially during the time of gathering their Corn, this will leave the fort very defenceless, as well as make it late in the Season before the fort is finished if the Company is not speedily Augmented or reinforced, as an Ensign will be appointed to the Company I Expect he will bring up his quota of Men to Compleat the Company agreable to the New Regulation. As the inhabitants on Green Briar, New Rivr and Holstens are all scattered from their plantations and have Left the best Crops of Corn in the Colony it will become a Settlement for the Indians during the Winter if more Companies are not Sent up to protect the farmers while they gather their Corn, and by Building forts on the two first of these Rivers Encourage them to Continue their Settlements, if this is not done I Expect that you will order a detachment of 20 or 30 under a Subaltern from another Company to Enable me to Send out parties without Leaving the fort Exposed to the Enemy, a Supply of Ammunition will Likewise be wanted as soon as it can possibly be sent As to provisions there is not any in the fort in case it Should be Besieged. There is no Salt to Cure any, or even to Season the fresh Meat till it Comes up from Fredericksburg. Majr Lewis has Engaged about 24 days provisions, but he has no money to Leave with me to purchase more, neither should I incline to take the trouble for a Sett of men who repay such Services with scandalous reflections, therefor I hope you will Send up some person to provide for the Company as it will be Impossible to keep the men in this remote place without Necessary & timeous Supplys: pray Let me know to whom I shall Apply very first Oppty as I shall be entirely at a Loss in this strange part of the Country, and must of Consequence Abandon the fort. Wishing you Success I am with Respect Sir Your Very hume Servt

Petr Hog

Another officer will likewise be necessary over & above the 3 belonging to the Company in order to hold a Court martial and punish the Delinquents without which I know it is impossible to keep up discipline on such Commands.

P:H:


Title: Memorandum, 24 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[24 September 1755]

From thence I proceeded to Fort Dinwiddie, on Jackson’s River; where I found it necessary to give the following Directions.


Title: From George Washington to Peter Hog, 24 September 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Hog, Peter

[Fort Dinwiddie, 24 September 1755]

Instructions for Captain Hogg of the Virginia Regiment.
You are Hereby Ordered, to add Bastions to, and Build Barracks in the Fort, immediately: and to Fall all the Wood within Musket-Shot, that you may be Guarded against Surprizes.
You are to provide Coopers, and have Casks to put your Provisions in; and See that Some of them are made of such convenient Sizes, that they may be easily transported on horse-back.
You are to Engage Grain enough to Serve your Company twelve Months; and to Draw upon your Commissary for Money to pay for it. Beef you may also engage to be delivered at Your Fort, upon the most Reasonable Terms you can, and draw as above, for the money.
You are to see that the Muster-Rolls of the Company are regularly called three times a day; at which times an Officer is to be present: and that they are duly Exercised, when the Service will admit of it.
You are to transmit me weekly Returns of your Company, to be Signed by yourself and Officers; and a Return the first Day of every Month, reporting the variations that may have happened.
And when any of the non-commissioned Officers or Soldiers, should happen to Die; they are to be continued on the Rolls as Effective Men, twenty-eight Days, to pay for their Coffins, &c.—You are not to Supply the Men with any Necessaries, deducting the same from their pay; You are only to be careful in Seeing they lay out their pay, or part thereof, for such Necessaries as they stand in need of. You are to use your utmost Endeavours in protecting the Inhabitants of Green-Briar, Jackson’s River, and those within, from the Incursions of the French and Indians. In order to do which, you are frequently to send out strong Parties to Scour the Woods and Mountains, in those parts.
Lastly. You are to be very particular in Seeing that good Discipline and Order are observed in your Garrison, &c. and you are to Govern yourself, in every Respect, by the Rules and Articles of War. Given under my Hand at Fort-Dinwiddie: this 24th of September, 1755.

G:W.


Title: To George Washington from Landon Carter, 25 September 1755
From: Carter, Landon
To: Washington, George

Dr Sir
Sept. 25 1755

As I know I shall not be troublesome to you with my little intimacy I have ventured to recommend John Sallard to you for a Serjeant he comes by my persuasion and is in Youth and Stature and indeed in Capacity such an one that I cannot be ashamd of[.] His family have been well respected and I shall be pleasd and obligd with any Countenance you shall shew him perhaps he may want a little tutoring but I know he will be docile I shall give you the trouble of a letter more at large and refer all my good wishes to that Serious moment I am Sr Your most Obedt

Landon Carter


Title: To George Washington from Adam Stephen, 27 September 1755
From: Stephen, Adam
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Ft Cumberland [Md.] Sepr 27th 1755

This morning One Packton a Hunter came in quite Spent, being pursued by Indians in Sight of our Sentrys, and having been chas’d five days from the grounds about the Extremity of the Road upon which the Pensylvanians were Employ’d. The Savages pursued him so close, that the Sentry at the Magazine heard him hollow; upon which a party of The Guard was detached, and brought him in. The Man is well known by Several in the Garrison, having hunted for them when they Cover’d the Road-Cutters.
A party of Volunteers were ordered out, under command of Capt. Savage to reconnoitre the Bottom of Will’s Creek. They Rous’d three Indians and fired at them but Soon lost Sight of them. We Continue Alert, and want men much. The Indians discover our Parties by the Tract of their Shoes, It would be a good thing to have Shoe-packs or Moccosons for the Scouts. I am with Respect Sir, Your most Obt huble Sert

Adam Stephen

The Cooper has been here, but there is No Tools—He comes to work On Tuesday—I congratulate you on the News of Our Success to the Northward Now is the Time to push, on this Q[uarte]r Nu[mbe]rs of the Officers are gone from Fort Duquene, to the Northward—I imagine they are weak there, and Send Out the Indians to procure intelligence.
This Night Sullivan on the S. Branch is to receive 600 lashes for Uttering Treasonable Expressions.


Title: To George Washington from William Brockenbrough, 29 September 1755
From: Brockenbrough, William
To: Washington, George

Richmond [County]the 29th of Sepr 1755
Dr Colo. Washington

The Parental feelings I have at the parting with a dutifull Son I hope will be some apoligie for my troubling you with this Epistle, his great inclination to go into the Army, and the friends he has got & the favours he has receiv’d made it quite agreeable to his going But I am afraid as he’s young and knowing little of the world or mankind That he’l be more lyable to Errors, But D. Sr if I cou’d but prevail on you To favour him with a look now & then & if you find him inclin’d to do amiss That you wou’d spare him one word of advice, and in case of sickness that you wou’d just see him & give him a word of comfort for fear of his Spirit Fail’g then I shou’d be entirely easie and I am sure that a word from you at those times will do wonders with him.
He now comes up to inform you that he has Try’d Every place where there was the least liklyhood of getting recruits but to little purpose, for the People are deaf to reason perswasion & Even intrest for his friends had got two pistoles to give Every Man besides what he wou’d give him self in short they are determin’d not to go till they are forced and wn it comes to that I can’t help dreading the Consequence tho’ I realy beleive that if the Law was put in Exec. that Several wou’d then take the money freely But they won’t beleive there is such a law, My son listed at first two pretty young Fellows his Neighbours as recruiting Serjeants & thot it wou’d be some Encouragmt to others but nothing will do. I realy beleive those two Young Fellows Vizt Wm Stuart Packet & Jno. Sallard are deserving Fellows & only Want to be just above the Common Soldiers which I hope they will if yo. think they deserve it, As tis impossible to get his full compliment of Men by recruiting he comes up for your orders but is desireous of Staying to be inform’d and make himself Perfect in his duty as Leiutenant, and wn The Law is put in Exc. we have in the Neighbourhood Young Men Eno’ Which he

is to have Directly—There is one favour more I have to beg and then have done, he has a great desire to be under Capt. Henry Woodward and if it suites I shou’d be highly pleas’d.
May the Almighty direct and Enable you to drive those Mercely Savages out of our once happy Country and force them to a Lasting peace that may be to the Glory of God & honour to yr King & Country & Eternal Satisfaction and happiness to yr self, these are & shall be the Sincere prayers of your most hble Servt

Wm Brockenbrough


Title: To George Washington from John Champe, 30 September 1755
From: Champe, John
To: Washington, George

30th 7ber [September] 1755

I am again Solicited to write you in favor of the bearer Mr Brockenbrough, am in great hopes his Modest Behavour will recommend him. his Circumstance’s are such, that nothing but a View of Serving his Country could induce him to this undertaking.

your Protection so far as is right & Justifiable will Extremely oblige Dear Sir yr most obedt Humble Servt

John Champe


Title: Memorandum, 2 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[c.2 October 1755]

After Examining into the State of Affairs here, and giving such Directions as seemed convenient; I set out on my Return to Alexandria, where I arrived the second of October; and gave the following Instructions, &c.


Title: George Mercer to Thomas Waggener, 2 October 1755
From: Mercer, George
To: Waggener, Thomas

[Alexandria, 2 October 1755]
To Captain Thomas Waggener.

As Colonel Washington has been informed by Governour Dinwiddie, that you was Dispatched from Williamsburgh before the Seventeenth of last month, with Orders to proceed here immediately; he is much surprized at your Delay, and can only attribute it to Sickness; as he imagines you would not, at this time, when your presence is so necessary, have been absent so long, unless some such accident had happened.
It is his Orders, that, with all possible Dispatch, you proceed to Alexandria; there to take the Command of those Troops that Rendezvous there.

When you arrive at Alexandria, you will find Orders left with Major Carlyle for you. I am, Sir, &c.

G. Mercer, Aid de Camp.
Alexandria—October 2d 1755.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Waggener, 3 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Waggener, Thomas

[Alexandria, 3 October 1755]

Instructions for Captain Waggener.
As the Service at present will not allow of Colonel Stephen, as was first intendend; you are hereby ordered, to follow the within Instructions, which were designed for him.
If your Leisure will admit, while you command here, you are to frequent the publick places hereabout, and endeavour to Enlist what men you can for the Service.

As all the Officers Instructions direct them to apply to Colonel Stephen for Orders, it will be necessary to shew these Orders, as they arrive, that they may not hesitate to obey. Given under my Hand, at Alexandria: October the third, 1755.

G:W.


Title: From George Washington to John Carlyle, 3 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Carlyle, John

To Major John Carlyle.
[Alexandria, 3 October 1755]

You are hereby Ordered, to give out of the Stores left under

your care by the English Troops, Beds, Blankets, &c. to the Officer appointed to take care of the Recruits; taking his Receipt for the same, for the number Delivered.
You are also Ordered, to deliver the allowance of Flour out of the Virginia Stores, and Beef from the Irish Beef left in your care, by Robert Leake Esquire.
Any Expences that may arise for Cooking, House-Rent, &c. that are Reasonable, you may pay, and it shall be repaid you again. Given under my Hand, this 3d of October, 1755.

G:W.


Title: From George Washington to David Bell, 3 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Bell, David

[Alexandria, 3 October 1755]
To Captain David Bell, or either of his Subalterns, at Winchester.

As His Majesty’s Service requires that the Garrison at Fort Cumberland should be Strengthened; You are hereby Ordered, to march your Recruits to that place immediately, and to put yourself under the Command of Lieutenant Colonel Stephen, or in his absence, the Officer commanding the Fort. Given under my hand, this 3d of October 1755.

G:W.


Title: Memorandum, 3–5 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[3–5 October 1755)

Ensign Deckiezer’s Day of Rendezvous is prolonged to the twentieth Instant—October.


Title: To George Washington from Adam Stephen, 4 October 1755
From: Stephen, Adam
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Winchester Octr 4th 1755

Matters are in the most deplorable Situation at Fort Cumberland—Our Communication with the Inhabitants is Cut Off. By the best Judges of Indian Affairs, it’s thought there are at least 150 Indians about us—They divided into Small parties, have Cut Off the Settlement of Patersons Creek, Potowmack, Above Cresops, and the People on Town Ck about four miles below his house,—They go about and Commit their Outrages at all hours of the day and nothing is to be seen or heard of, but Desolation and murders heightened with all Barbarous Circumstances, and unheard of Instances of Cruelty. They Spare the Lives of the Young Women, and Carry them away to gratify the Brutal passions of Lawless Savages. The Smouk of the Burning Plantations darken the day, and hide the neighbouring mountains from our Sight—Frazer has lost two of his Family and moves to the Fort to do the Arms.
Ramsay the Cooper came up, and got Some money of Mr McLean by Commisary Dicks Directions, went down again to bring up his Sons, on Tuesday last, but has never been heard of Since, at home, or at the Fort—So there is another Cooper to be looked for.
I dispatched Barney Curran after Montour, who brought me an Account, that the last news rcevd from him was at Great Island in Susquehanna, where at the Earnest Sollicitation, and by the warm assistance of Monocatotha he had assembled 300 Indians, and was intended agt the French and Indians in their Interest at Winingo. He had Intelligence that there were very few of Either at that Place.
Deprivd of any hopes from that Quarter, I detachd two men well acquainted with the woods, to make the best discoveries they could, who have not yet returnd.
Unless Relief is Sent to the Back inhabitants immediatly None will Stay on this Side Monocasy or Winchester.
The Magazine is Securd, and a Well Set about in the Fort—So many Alarms prevented the Works going on with dispatch. I have reason to believe Capt. Dogworthy will look upon himself as Commanding Officer after You have joind the Troops. The Province he Serves has 30 Effective men in the Service. I was

attacked by the Indians on my way down, and lost a man. I Savd my Bacon by retreating to the Fort—The party who conveyd me yesterday discoverd fourteen and fird upon them, but it was to late to pursue them.
It is by all means adviseable to Send up all the Recruits Immediatly, untill we have men enough, to keep the Enemy in awe, So that they keep without Reach of our Sentrys. I am with Respect Sir, Your most Obt hubl. Sert

Adam Stephen

We are intirly acquainted with the Routes and Courses of these Bodies of Indians, but have not Men to Spare to Intercept them—I detachd a party of 25 men under Lt. Bacon, who came up with them and prisoners, but was obligd to Retreat with the loss of two men.
I was apprisd of the Indians designd Atack, and Sent to my Lord Farfax for 200 Miliatia—alarming the South Branch and all the Neighbourhood—I made a pressing demand of the Militia Sunday Seven night—I heard My Lord was very Urgent and assiduous in the Affair, but there is only a few Sent up under Capt. Vance—Had my directions been Observed by Henry Vanmeter, or the Militia Come from Frederik The Lives and Liberty of 100 people would have been saved.


Title: Memoranda, 5 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

Stafford, October the 5th

Captain John Mercers Day of Rendezvous is prolonged to the 20th Instant.
October the 5th 1755.
Arrived at Fredericksburgh, in my way to Williamsburgh.


Title: From George Washington to the Ordinary Keepers, 6 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Ordinary Keepers

[Fredericksburg, 6 October 1755]

Orders to the Ordinary-Keepers, on Captain Woodwards Route to Fort Cumberland.
You are hereby Ordered and strictly Required, to make proper provisions of Meat, Bread, &c. for Sixty men one day: they will be at your House on the  Day of October, on their March to Fort Cumberland: and I will see you paid a reasonable allowance.

G:W.

Friday: October 6th 1755.
A Copy of the above sent to Mr Picket, Martin Harden, Joseph Nevil, Watts and the River.


Title: George Mercer to Storekeeper, 7 October 1755
From: Mercer, George
To: Storekeeper

To the Store keeper at Winchester.
[7 October 1755]

It is Colonel Washington’s orders, that you Deliver to Captain Woodward Clothes, for the Detachment of men under his command; taking his Receipt for the number he receives.

G:M. Aid de Camp.
October 7, 1755.


Title: To George Washington from Landon Carter, 7 October 1755
From: Carter, Landon
To: Washington, George

Dr Sir
Octor 7. 1755.

Captain Peachey calling to give me the Compliment of his departure gives me opportunity of acknowledging the obligation you laid on me in the favour by Mr Brockenbrough. And you must give me leave to encrease the debt by a further recommendation of Mr Peachey From experience I say his Merit has intitled him to every respect I can shew him and I shall forever acknowlege myself mistaken if he does not in every matter committed to his Care distinguish himself by a Close attachment to your example Calmness, Diligence & Resolution Perhaps I shall not transgress if in my Expectations I say he will even oblige

others to confess that every Countenance shewn him is but a consequence of what he will deserve But it is time to let him speak for himself by his behaviour. And now Dear Colo. let me exhort you to tread the same Path that you first cut out to your own Glory that your Country may in the end feel the good effects that she promises her self from your Singular Virtues & Fortune.
Shall I recommend to you the outmost Caution never to depend on a fancy’d security nor trust too far to the information of those who may be benefitted by deception. And always in your Leizure hours regard the inward Man for in Very Deed the Hand of the Lord bringeth mighty Things to Pass. I am Sr Yr hearty Well wisher & Most humble Servt

Landon Carter

P.S. Let Colo. Stephen know that I will shortly pay my debt to him for his kind Letters.


Title: Memorandum, 8 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[8 October 1755]

From hence I continued my journey to Colonel Baylors,

when I was overtaken by an Express sent from Colonel Stephen, informing, that a Body of Indians had fallen on the Inhabitants, killed many of them, destroyed and Burnt several of their Houses.
Thereupon wrote to the Governor, and returned immediately to Fredericksburgh; and wrote a second Letter to the Governour, one to the Speaker, &c.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Dinwiddie, 8 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Dinwiddie, Robert

Honble Sir
Fredericksburg Octr 8th 1755

I arrived at this place in less than three hour’s after I wrote you from Colo. Baylors, and some small time after the arrival of Colo. Stephen who brings a worse acct than he related in his Letter; but as he is the bearer I shall be less prolix refering to him for paticular’s.
I shall set out this Evening for Winchester where I expect to be join’d by the Recruits from Alexandria and this place (as soon as they can possibly march that distance) also by one hundd Men from Prince Willm and Frederik, and I have wrote to Fairfax Coty desiring that a Troop of Horse may hold themselves in readiness to March at an hour’s warning, so that I doubt not but with the assistance of these I shall be able to repulse the Enemy if they are still committing their outrages on the Inhabitants.
We are at a loss for want of almost every necessary—Tents, Kettles, Arms, Ammunition, Cartridge Paper &ca &ca we are distress’d for, therefore I hope as your honour did not send to Philadelphia for them, you will if possible endeavour to get them below, and send them by the first oppertunity to this place

or Alexandria with order’s that they may be forwarded immediately to Winchester.
I must again take the Liberty of mentioning to your honour the necessity there is of putting the Militia (when they are drawn out into actual Service) under better Regulation’s than they are at present; as well as there is of putting us under Military Law, otherwise we shall only be a burthensome charge to the Country, and the others will prove its Ruin—That this may not appear to be an unmeaning expression I shall refer your Honour to Lt Colo. Stephen who can give some late proofs of their disobedience, and inconsistent behaviour.
I find I cannot possibly be in Williamsburg (as these affairs will engage me some time) till abt the 6th 7th or 8th of Novr when I shoud be glad to meet a Committee in order to settle with yr Honour & them some points that are very necessary for the good of the Expedn[.] Colo. Stephen has order’s to receive (if he can) some money below that we may be enabled to pay the Troops & keep up their Spirits, and to answer such immediate charges as cannot be dispensd with till I come down; and I shoud be glad if your honour woud order him to repair therewith (so soon as his business is done with the Committee) to Winchester, and from thence with a proper Guard to Fort Cumberland.
I hope the Treasury will have a sufficient sum of money prepard against I come down, that I may make no great delay—I shoud be glad if your honour woud give Colo. Stephen all the assistance you can in gettg the money, and forwarding this to me that I may be the sooner down.
There are abt 70 Recruits at this place, & I left 25 at Belhaven, which I suppose are augmented before this by Officer’s who I am sorry to say have paid slight regard to Orders in not being to their places of Rendezvous according to appointment: which was the first Instant, the most flagrant proof of this appears in Captn Harrison who I have heard nothing of since he recd his Instructions. I am Yr Honrs most Obt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Andrew Lewis, 8 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Lewis, Andrew

To Major Andrew Lewis, of the Virginia Regiment.
[Fredericksburg, 8 October 1755]

You are to March all the Recruits, now Rendezvousing in Fredericksburgh, under the conduct of the following Officers: viz.
Captain Henry Woodward, Captain Charles Lewis; Lieutenants John Edward Lomax, and Peter Steenbergen; Ensigns Hubbard and George Weedon, to Winchester immediately; using the utmost  Dispatch in your March. You are to leave Orders with Captain Spotswood, to Recruit hereabouts, and to Receive the Recruits which may be sent to Rendezvous here; and that whenever he can collect about twenty men, he is to send a Subaltern or a trusty Sergeant, with them to Winchester.
You are to collect all the ammunition that can be had here, or what you think a sufficient Quantity, and take it up to Winchester with you.
As you will have Officers, more than sufficient for the command with you: You are to send one off every morning to engage Provisions for the men where you intend to Quarter that night; or to use other methods in that respect, as you may think most Expedient. Given under my hand, this 8th of October, 1755.

G:W.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Waggener, 8 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Waggener, Thomas

To Captain Thomas Waggener, of the Virginia Regiment.
[Fredericksburg, 8 October 1755]

You are hereby Ordered to proceed to Alexandria, with all possible Dispatch, and to take all the men there under your Command; which, with what Officers you shall think necessary for the number, you are to March immediately to Winchester, when you will receive further Orders.
You are to provide them at Alexandria with Arms, as far as they will go—ammunition, &c.—if there is any ammunition there to spare, you are to take it up to Winchester with you, and Lodge it in the Commissary’s Store there.
If you think that Provision can not be got on the Road for your Command; you must take it from the Stores at Alexandria. I would have you to use Pack-Horses or Waggons, whichever you shall judge best, for forwarding your March.
You are also to provide your men with Haversacks. Given under my hand, this 8th of October, 1755.

G:W.


Title: From George Washington to Henry Lee, 8 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Henry

To Colonel Henry Lee, of Prince William.
[Fredericksburg, 8 October 1755]

As I understand Lord Fairfax has had great reason to order one hundred of the Militia of your County to march, to assist in the protection of our Frontiers; I must desire, that you will see that they come on Horse-back: as they will thereby be enabled to make Dispatch, and to carry Provisions with them, which must be done, as the scarcity of Bread between this and Fort Cumberland, renders it absolutely necessary. I must earnestly

recommend dispatch to you, as you must be truly sensible, that the present situation of Affairs, will not admit of the least delay.
I shall be at Winchester to-morrow, and shall expect to see your Detachment there the next Day or the day after, at farthest. I am Yours,

G:W.
Fredericksburgh October 8th 1755.


Title: From George Washington to John Carlyle, 8 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Carlyle, John

To Major John Carlyle, of Fairfax County.
[Fredericksburg, 8 October 1755]

From the concurring Accounts from Will’s-Creek, we have reason to believe, that a greater number of men is wanting than what we are able to Muster at present: it would therefore be advisable to order a Troop of Horse of your County, to hold themselves in Readiness to March at an hours warning, in case they should receive such Orders from Lord Fairfax, with whom I expect to be, as soon as the distance &c. can possibly admit. I am &c.

G:W.

It would be advisable, if they do come, to bring eight or ten Days provision with them.
Fredericksburgh: October 8th 1755.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Waggener, 8 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Waggener, Thomas

To Captain Thomas Waggener: Virginia Regiment.
[Fredericksburg, 8 October 1755]

After appointing what Officers you think most proper to your Command; I would have you leave some Officer whom you think most capable, to Recruit about Alexandria; and to Receive the Recruits which shall be sent to that Rendezvous; with Orders, that as soon as he shall collect a Party of about twenty Men, he is to send them off to Winchester, with a Subaltern or a Trusty Sergeant. If there should be any more Officers than you think necessary for your Command, and the Recruits which shall be left in Alexandria; you are to send them to Recruit, with orders to Rendezvous at Alexandria, precisely on the 20th.
If Powder and Lead can not be had in Alexandria, you are to apply to Mr George Mason, who will Supply you with what you think proper. I am &c.

G:W.
Fredericksburgh—October 8th 1755.


Title: Memorandum, 10 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[10 October 1755]

At this place I pressed Horses, and Rode immediately to Lord Fairfax’s and Winchester; and finding every thing in the utmost confusion, and no certain accounts of the Enemy; I hired two Scouts to go to the Branch, and Endeavour to procure Intelligence: by them I wrote as followeth.