Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 24 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

                        Sir
                        Head Qurs Valley forge May 24th 1778

                    I was duly honored with your two favors of the 20 & 21st Instant with their Inclosures.
                    I have transmitted General Howe a Copy of the Resolution of the 21st respecting prisoners, and supposing him willing to effect an Exchange immediately, I have written to Mr Boudinot and requested him, as he is in possession of all the papers concerning them, to come to Camp without delay and superintend the business on our part.
                    The provost establishment is a necessary one, and the Corps shall be formed as soon as proper Officers can be fixed on.
                    On the night of the 19 the Enemy moved out in force against the Detachment under the Marquiss Fayette, mentiond in my Letter of the 18, which made a timely and handsome retreat in great order over the Schuylkill at Matson’s ford. Our loss was nine men in the whole; The Enemy’s supposed something more. Their march was circuitous and rapid, and I should imagine many of their Men suffered from it. Genl Clinton it is said commanded in person.
                    The accounts from philadelphia are still in favor of an evacuation; It is certain that a great deal of baggage is on Ship board, and that they still seem busy in packing up. There are other reports which say, that it is only a Detachment which is going, and that the West Indies is conjectured to be the place of their destination.
                    I beg leave to lay before Congress a Memorial and Remonstrance of the Field Officers of the North Carolina, founded on the suspension & dismission of Captain John Vance of the Artillery through the means of the House of Commons of that State. It is with reluctance that I interfere  with the decisions of any civil or Legislative body, However I cannot help thinking that the proceedings respecting Captn Vance are of an extraordinary nature and such as involve consequences which may deeply affect & Interest the rights of every Officer or at least all under the rank of Brigadiers. I should suppose no Individual State can or ought to deprive an Officer of rank derived from the States at large; and that it will not be improper for Congress to prohibit the exercise of such a power. I do not know myself what the merits or demerits of Captain Vance are (the Memorial speaks very favourably of him) nor do I apprehend they can make a part of the question. The principle and practice are what I cannot reconcile to my ideas of propriety. Congress I am persuaded will give the Memorial that attention, which the Objects of it seem to deserve, and I have only to refer them to the Journals of the House, which contain the whole of the proceedings against Captain Vance, that have come to my knowledge. They will be found in pages 6 10 14 & 18. I have the Honor to be with great respect & esteem Sir Yr Most Obedt sevt

                        Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Israel Shreve, 24 May 1778
From: Shreve, Israel
To: Washington, George

                        Sir
                        Fostertown [N.J.] May 24th 1778

                    My Quarters at present At this place, 18 miles from the City. keep out Scouts Constantly, the Enemy Are at Coopers Point yet, Cuting Wood, Covered by the 55th—63rd, Allens, and Roman Catholick Cores, the whole not more than 700 foot, Hovendons Troop of horse about 30, they keep Close Quartr⟨s⟩.
                    the Refugees At Billingsport are Daily Runing home, Delivering themselves up to the Civel Authority. trade with the Enemy Nearly Stoped, Good provisions for the troops.
                    friday Several troops of the Enemys horse Came Down to Gloucester point, from thence Immediately Embarked, Several Companies Artillery Are Embarked, and haled off in the Stream.
                    Yesterday they were Geting Stores, Waggons &c. on Board. this Information Comes So as to be Depended upon.
                    I hope your Excy will pardon me for Writeing So often for Arms, yesterday I Receaved the 60 Stand I Wrote for; the Nine months Leavys are Comeing in unarmed, 30 Arived yesterday, 100 more on their march for the first Regt, 46 are on their way from Cumberland, Salem Quoto will Join in Six Days part of Burlington Quoto will Join Me in a few Days, So from the present appearence, the first and Second Regts will Soon be Nearly full, Colo. Ogden Waited upon Governor Livingston for Arms, was informd by the Governor, those Leavys Could not be armed, by the State, at Least 300 Stand of Arms Compleat is ⟨illegible⟩ted, I would not wish to Draw one Arm more than Can Immediately be put into Good mens hands.
                    I am very Sorry to trouble your Excy with matters the State of Jersey Ought to attend too, the Great Neglect in provideing Cloathing for our Brigade has been Such, that our troops Suffer Greatly on that Account, I have not been Able to Draw one Shirt for my Regt Since I have been in Jersey. A Number of my men has none at all, to See Good men in this Situation Distresses me Greatly.
                    the Counties are provideing for the New Raisd Leavys, while the old Soldiers Inlisted for the war Are Quite Neglected. If any Such thing are in the Cloathier Gen: Store, it would Oblige us to Obtain an order from your Excy for at Least one apeace which will be about 500, for both Regts or a Less Number If So many Cant be had.

                    I Shall Watch the Motions of the Enemy and Endeavour to Give your Excy the Earliest Intillegence. I am with Great Respect your Excys Obedt Hume Servt

                        I. Shreve Col.


Title: General Orders, 25 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

                        Head-Quarters V. Forge Monday May 25th 1778.
                        Parole Downingtown—C. Signs Dover Derby—

                    The Regimental Surgeons will apply to the Flying Hospital store for hogs lard and sulphur; They are to make their returns more punctually on Mondays.
                    The Regimental Pay-Masters to give in their Abstracts to the Pay-Master General immediately for examination for the Month of April.
                    At a General Court Martial May 1st 1778, Coll Febiger President—Lieutt Adams of 10th Pennsylvania Regiment tried for ungentlemanlike behaviour in propagating a report that an Officer of the 10th Pennsylvania Regt had behaved cowardly in the Action of Germantown and when desired by Coll Hubley to name the officer, for refusing to do it in an unbecoming manner, unanimously found guilty of the charge exhibited against him, being a breach of the 21st Article of the 14th Section of the Articles of War and sentenced to be discharged from the service.
                    His Excellency the Commander in Chief approves the sentence & orders it to take place immediately.


Title: To George Washington from Ezekiel Cheever, 25 May 1778
From: Cheever, Ezekiel
To: Washington, George

                        Hond Sir
                        Springfield [Mass.] May 25. 1778

                    The impractibility of procuring Teams at this place for the want of money has prevented my Sending on the Arms Sooner then last Saturday,  when I Sent to Fish Kill 2,000 well fixed fire arms &c. as ⅌ Invo. enclosed. By Some Teams Hired by this State for the purpose of Carrying Cloathing to the Grand Camp whom General Heath ordered to Call upon me & take Such Stores as I had in readiness—otherwise I Could not possibly have got them on.
                    Yesterday P.M. mr Condtr Frothingham arrived here by order of Generl Knox to forward the arms aforementioned. I Thought it most prudent to detain Him ’till this evening hoping Some more Teams might offer while wrighting these. I am honoured with your Excellencys Commands & no immediate prospect of any more teams shall Send Mr Dep. Comry Collins with mr Frothingham to push the arms on agreeable to your directions. with the utmost expedition, and give you the earlist notice of thair proceedings I have the honr to be with gratest respect Your Excellencys most obedient Hume Servt

                        Ezekl Cheever D.C.G.M. Stores


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 25 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

                        Sir
                        Head Quarters Valley Forge 25 May 1778.

                    I was, yesterday, favd with your’s of the 21st inst. The Enemy have been constantly busy since my last in embarking their Cannon and Stores. I do not yet find, that any Troops have gone on board. They give out that they mean to attack this Army before they go off, but I rather think, if they move at all by land, that it will be across Jersey. Under this uncertainty, I cannot alter my position untill they change theirs. I hold the Army ready to move at the shortest notice towards the North River; should circumstances require it. In the mean time, I would have you make yourself as respectable as possible, by stopping all the Recruits, and calling in as many Militia as you can feed.
                    I cannot account for the evacuation of Kings Bridge and Fort Washington, if they mean to keep the City, as they are the Keys to the Island.
                    I would have you by all means exchange the British Convalescents, and I would have you direct our deputy Commy of prisoners to receive those in return who have been longest in captivity. You will undoubtedly  take the proper precautions when the prisoners pass our posts upon the River.
                    You may depend upon having constant intelligence of the Motions of the Enemy, in this quarter from me, and I shall depend upon the same from you. I am Sir Your most obt Servt

                        Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 25 May 1778
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                        Dear General
                        Head Quarters Boston May 25th 1778

                    A Colonel Armand is here with a number of recruiting Officers of his Corps. He has for some time been expecting orders from Congress to inlist such of the foreign Troops as appear disposed to enter our service, and is continually harrassing me to Cloath such as he has already inlisted—I wish to do every thing in my power to promote the public service, but at present am at a loss in this matter. The former Resolves and orders have been against inlisting Prisoners or Deserters, without, distinction, the late address of Congress to the foreign troops in the service of the King of Great Britain rather bears a construction in favor of inlisting them. I wish a signification of your pleasure on this head—great numbers of them are disposed to inlist.
                    Since writing my other letter I have received the inclosed packet from Major General Phillips, by which your Excellency will perceive his inclination to be exchanged. I have the honor to be Your Excellency’s Most Obedient Humble Servant

                        W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from Henry Laurens, 25 May 1778
From: Laurens, Henry
To: Washington, George

                        Sir.
                        York Town [Pa.] 25 May 1778

                    My last to Your Excellency was under the 21st by Wilkinson.
                    Doctor Scudder on his return to New Jersey is so obliging as to take charge of this, & also of a packet containing 100 Copies of an Act of Congress, half of these in En[g]lish & the other half in German—Recommending to the several States to exempt from Militia duty & to disqualify for acting as Substitutes all prisoners & Deserters from the British Army & Navy during the present War—Congress apprehend that a proper dispersion of these Acts in the Neighborhood of the Camp & even in the Enemy’s Garrison if practicable, will produce good effects—more of these shall be sent upon the first intimation from Your Excellency. I have the honor to be With the highest Respect & Regard Sir Your Excellency’s Most obedient & most humble servant

                        Henry Laurens, President of Congress.


Title: From George Washington to Richard Henry Lee, 25 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Richard Henry

                        Dear Sir,
                        Valley-forge May 25th 1778.

                    If any thing of greater moment, than declaring that every word contained in the Pamphlet you were obliging enough to send me, was spurious, had occurred, I should not have suffered your favor of the 6th Instt to have remained so long unacknowledged—These letters are written with a great deal of art—the intermixture of so many family circumstances (which by the by wanted foundation in truth) gives an air of plausibility, which renders the villainy greater; as the whole is a contrivance to answer the most diabolical purposes—who the author of them is, I know not; from information, or an acquaintance, he must have had some knowledge of the componant parts of my family, but has, most egregiously, mistaken fact in several instances, tho the design of his labours is as clear as the Sun in its meridian brightness.
                    The favorable issue of our negotiations with France is matter for heart felt joy—big with important events—& must, I should think, chalk out a plain and easy road to Independance, from which, I hope, we shall not depart from a mistaken opinion on the one hand, that the great work is already finished—or, to finish it, adopt measures of precipitation—That G. Britain would have submitted to any indignity from France, in order to reek her vengeance upon America, I have not  the smallest doubt, but since the declaration of the King of France through the Marquis de Noailles they have no choice but War—But how, under their present circumstances they will conduct it, is a matter not so easily understood, as all their ways have been ways of darkness. That they will be under a necessity of giving up the Continent, or their Islands, seems obvious to me, if the accounts we have received of the French force in the West Indies be true—Hallifax & Canada will, I presume, be strengthned; and if they can afford a Garrison sufficient, they may attempt to hold New York, unless every idea of subjugating america is given up, in that case, their whole resentment will be levelled at France.
                    The enemy are making every preparation for, and seem to be upon the point of, leaving Philadelphia—In my own judgment, & from many corrisponding circumstances, I am convinced they are bound to New York; whether by Land or Water, whether, as a place of rendezvous or to operate upon the North River, is not yet clear. Our situation here on acct of the Sick, & Stores, is embarrassing, as I dare not detach largely to harrass the enemy in case of a Land move through the Jerseys before they have actually crossed the Delaware, & then it will be too late, as their distance to South Amboy will be much less than ours, and no Water to obstruct; to which may also be added the advantage of a days March, which they must gain of us. Were it not for the number of our Sick (upwards of 3000 in Camp) and security of Stores, which are covered by our present position, & strength, I could take such a Post in Jersey as would make their passage through that State very difficult and dangerous to them; but the impracticability of doing this, without exposing this Camp to insult & injury, is well known to them, & some part of their conduct Justifies a report that at all events they will aim a blow at this army before they go off.
                    If Congress were fully impressed with the disadvantages, & real injury which the Service sustains for want of the regimental regulations—the inconvenience to, & dissatisfaction of the Officers, on acct of the uncertainty they are under with respect to their continuing, or not, when the reduction of Regiments & Officers in each Regiments are made, I think they would not delay from day to day for upwards of three Months a measure which a few hours if heartily set about would accomplish; but I have so often, and so fully represented this matter that I shall give them no further trouble on this head, as a body. happy, I own would it be, if these regulations, & our military arrangements were made, it would be a means of relieving me from a number of perplexing applications, & the Service of much embarrassment. I am Dr Sir yr most obedt Servt

                        Go: Washington

                        P.S. I observe what you say respecting the Recruits, rather draughts, in, & from Virginia—I was never called upon by the State for Officers, or directed by Congress to send any to aid in their business; but thinking such a measure might be necessary, I ordered the officers of the disbanded Regiments, & such as had gone to Virginia on Furlough, to call upon, and receive the Governors orders with respect to the Marching of them to Camp. That something has been wrong in conducting the Draught, assembling the Men, or &ca admits of no doubt; for out of the 1500 ordered last fall, & the two thousand this spring, we have received only 1242 which is so horrible a deficiency that I have made a representation thereof to the State. I most sincerely condole with you on the loss of yr Brother, & am as before, yr &ca
                        G. W——n.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Mauduit Du Plessis, 25 May 1778
From: Mauduit du Plessis, Thomas-Antoine, chevalier de
To: Washington, George

                        My General
                        Camp Valley forge May 25. 1778

                    Devoted as your whole attention is to the important concerns of your Country, it is with extreme reluctance i am Constrained to call off any part of it to the concerns of an individual—But i find myself in so disagreable a situation that i cannot be silent, consistent with the duty i owe Myself.
                    During the fifteen months that I have been in this Country i have sought with eagerness occasions the most dangerous of being useful to the American Cause—My zeal procured me your Commendations, and patronage—you deigned to write in my favour to Congress—your recommendation engaged them to advance me from the rank of Capt. of Artillery to that of lieutenant Colonel in the same corps. Happy in the testimonies of my own heart, honoured by your Countenance, and believing  myself in the way of acquiring glory in the defence of American liberty, what could i desire more?
                    i wish i had not reason to fear i have been deceived in the last respect, and that a stop is likely to be put to my Career, at a time when i most flattered myself with its prosperous Continuance—i am unhappy, and My advancement is the Cause of My unhappiness—such a torrent of jealousy has been let loose on that account as threatens to overwhelm me in ruin—i apprehend without your interposition there will be insuperable barriers to My being ever employed again in the line of My profession—and not to be employed, according to the prevailing ideas of My Country, is to be Ruined.
                    i am not so unreasonable, as to expect in violation of the rights of others to have my rank realized in any particular regiment—all i wish is to be employed according to the practice of all armies, or detachment, and in such other way as is compatible with the nature and circumstances of the station i am designated to fill.
                    i would not even wish to wound the feelings of a single officer, by having one put under me, in any service, who was my superior before my late promotion—but moderate as my pretensions are, it seems they cannot be admitted.
                    The Marquis de la fayette, the other day prayed brigadier general Knox, to give me the Command of the Artillery with his detachment—he was refused—he solicited him to give me the charge of those with one brigade—he was refused in like manner—it was proposed to avoid all disputes, that officers should be nominated under me who were originally my juniors—this also was rejected—the reasons of the refusal were such as must alwaïs operate—Hence i am to conclude I am not to expect to be employed, even in that way, to which i have the most unexceptionable claim; and if not in that way, what hope can i have in any other?
                    I appeal to your Excellency’s Candor whether a prospect like this must not be infinitely painful to an young man who ardently aspires to military honor, who has left his own Country, braved the hazards and inconveniences of a long Sea voyage in quest of it, and to be useful in a Cause, which he Considers as the Cause of humanity—who has seized with avidity every opportunity of manifesting his zeal, and who esteems every obstacle to more conspicuous displays of it as the greatest Misfortune that can befal him—you had only Consult your own breast in which all the nobler passions hold a distinguished preeminence to be fully sensible of the Mortifications, that must be endured in my circumstances by one who thinks he May without vanity pretend, he is no stranger to them—i know not what it may be in your power to do; but i rely on your justice, and past indulgence for me, that you will  not abandon me to a fate, which i dread more than death—the affairs of this Country are in the highest estimat⟨ion⟩ ⟨mutilated⟩—its notice is the best Credential a french-man can have at ⟨home⟩—its neglect will involve him in inextricable disgrace.
                    You Are the virtuous Wasington! i throw myself on your protection—decide my lot—pronounce upon an young man, who had rather not live, than live dishonored—but i have reason and justice on my side, and you are my judge—the summit of My wishes—all i ask is to be put upon such a footing, that I May have a solid prospect of being more than nominally an officer in your Excellency’s army. i have the honor to be with the Most affectionate attachment, and unfeigned respect Your Excellency’s Most obedient Servant

                        The chevalier de Mauduit duplessis


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Maxwell, 25 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Maxwell, William

                        Sir,
                        [Valley Forge, 25 May 1778]

                    You are immediately to proceed with the two remaining regiments of your Brigade, to Mount Holly in the Jerseys, and order the other two regiments under Col: Shrieve to join you. In order to this, you will take the shortest route towards Coryel’s ferry, there cross the Delaware and repair to the place of your destination.
                    You are to keep your Brigade when assembled, in such a situation as will be most consistent with its security, and best calculated to cover the country and annoy the enemy, should they attempt to pass through the Jerseys, which there are many powerful reasons to suspect they intend. I have written to General Dickenson, desiring him, in case such an event should take place, to use his utmost exertions towards collecting the militia, to give the enemy all the interruption, in his power, in their march. You are to consult and cooperate with him for the same purpose. Every possible expedient should be used to disturb and retard their progress, by hanging on their flanks and rear, breaking down the Bridges over the Creeks in their route, bloking up the roads by falling trees and by every other method, that can be devised.
                    You will take the greatest care to procure exact intelligence of what is passing in Philadelphia—and give me information of the discoveries you make, and the earliest advice of any movement, that may happen.

                    Any measures you can take to expedite the assembling and distribution of the drafts for your Brigade to the respective Regim⟨ents⟩ will be desireable. So far as it can be done, with⟨out⟩ departing from the law of the State, for distribut⟨ing⟩ the drafts, it were to be wished they could be pretty equally divided among the regiments from which many obvious good consequences would flow—You will pay proper attention to this matter.
                    In case the enemy should, leave Philadelphia, in any manner whatever You are not to enter the city either with the whole or any part of the force un⟨der⟩ your command. You are to hold yourself in constant readiness to march as circumstance⟨s⟩ may require—It will be well for the sake of dispatch, that you send an officer on before ⟨you,⟩ to Coryels to have the boats prepared, for transporting you across the Riv⟨er⟩. Given at Head Qrs Valley Forge May 25th 1778.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Morris, 25 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Morris, Robert

                        Dear Sir,
                        Valley-forge May 25th 1778.

                    Your favor of the 9th Instt informed me of the acceptable present which your friend Mr Governeur (of Curracoa) was pleased to intend for me, and for which he will, through you, accept my sincere thanks—these are also due to you my good Sir, for the kind communication of the matter, and for the trouble you have had in ordering the wine forward.
                    I rejoice most sincerely with you, on the glorious change in our prospects. Calmness and serenity, seems likely to succeed, in some measure, those dark and tempestuous Clouds which at times appeared ready to overwhelm us. The game, whether well or ill played hitherto, seems now to be verging fast to a favourable issue, and can not I think be lost, unless we throw it away by too much supineness on the one hand, or impetuosity on the other—God forbid that either of ⟨these should happen at a time when we seem to be upon the point of reaping the fruits of our toil and labour. A stroke, and reverse, under such circumstances, would be doubly distressing.
                    My best respects, in which Mrs. Washington joins, are offered to your Lady, and with sincere thanks for your kind wishes, I remain, Dear Sir, Yr. most obedt. Servt.,

                        G. Washington.⟩


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Smallwood, 25 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Smallwood, William

                        Dr Sir
                        Head Qrs Valley forge May 25. 1778

                    I am to request that you will immediately detach the first Brigade of the Troops under your command, with all their Baggage Artillery &c. to join this Army. With the second and their baggage &c. you will move to some strong grounds in the neighbourhood of Chad’s ford and take a position, from whence you will have it in your power either to cover the stores at the Head of Elk in case an attempt should be formed against them, or to proceed to this Camp on further orders. Though you leave Wilmington, it will be necessary to send parties of obversation thither and to employ persons in whom you can confide to give you the earliest notice of any movements they Enemy may make, and to inform of the departure or arrival of any Ships, and as correctly as circumstances will admit whether Troops, or what other contents they may have on board. It will also be equally and I think more necessary, that Trusty persons should be kept at New Castle for the same purpose, as from the small distance between that place and the Head of Elk, it is most probable the Enemy will land there if they should undertake an expedition to destroy the Stores. From your having been quartered so long at Wilmington, I am persuaded, you are pretty well acquainted with what Persons you can and may safely employ in this business: Nor need I mention to you, the propriety of your keeping out light guards on all the avenues leading to the post you take, to prevent the Enemy from effecting any thing by way of Surprize or Coup de main. I am Dr sir with great esteem & regard Yr Most Obedt servt

                        Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Nicholas Cooke, 26 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Cooke, Nicholas

                        Head Quarters Valley Forge 26th May 1778.

                    On the 15th of April I received your Letter of the 31st of March, accompanied by Captain Chace’s and two for Lord Howe.
                    When the Letters came to hand Lord Howe was not at Philadelphia—nor did I hear of his arrival for some time after. This and the intervention of other circumstances prevented me sending the Letters addressed to him, and my intercession in favour of Mr Chase, as early as I could have wished. I have just obtained his Lordships answer, which tho not explicit that Mr Chace shall be released, yet affords grounds to hope, that it will be the case. For your more perfect information upon the subject, I take the Liberty to transmit you a Copy of my Letter and his answer, which you will be pleased to communicate to Captain Chace.
                    I congratulate you very sincerely on the events, which have taken place in Europe in our favour. The alliance with France is extremely interesting, and a war, which it would seem is inevitable, would or ought to give a most happy tone to all our affairs.

                    From a variety of concurring circumstances it would appear, that the Enemy mean to evacuate Philadelphia. It is said they have embarked part of their Baggage and cannon, and are still employed. Their destination in the first instance, in case of an evacuation, it is generally conjectured will be New York. It is certain Philadelphia, if there is a war with France, is not the most eligible situation for them. I have the Honor to be with great respect & Esteem Your most Obedt Servant

                        Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to John Parke Custis, 26 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Custis, John Parke

                        Dear Sir,
                        Valley-forge May 26th 1778.

                    Your Letter of the 11th Instt with a Deed to Mr Henry came safe by Mr Lund Washington—In lieu of the latter, I have executed a Deed to you, conveying all the right title and Interest which I, or any person claiming by, from, or under me can have to the Land. More than this cannot be expected, as I purchased the Land at your own desire; by the advice of your friends; and without intending, or receiving, the smallest benefit therefrom, after having the title fully investigated by Mr Wythe—for me therefore to give a general warrantee of the Land to Mr Henry thereby subjecting my Estate for the value of it, is what I cannot entertain a thought of, altho I believe there is not the smallest doubt of the goodness of the Title. Mr Henry will, I presume, require a general warrantee; it is for this purpose therefore I make the Deed to you; & Black will be responsable to you; as to myself, as I only acted the part of a friend & Trustee in the business, I do not mean to be further engaged in the matter than to convey the legal right which is in me—If you had got a Deed drawn for the other Land (in King William) the whole might have been executed at the same time, and the sooner you do it the better—let it be drawn by the one now sent—I have got the most likely evidences I could, but unless there has been some alteration in our Laws if it is proved in Court any time within two years it will do, as I am out of the State at present.
                    The reasons which you assign for selling your Lotts in Williamsburg & James City, and your Lands in Hanovr & New Kent (where Trowers lives) may be good if you can get an adequate price for them and the money is immediately vested in the funds, or laid out in other lands; but, if this is not done be assured, it will melt like Snow before a hot Sun, and you will be able to give as little acct of the going of it; to which I may add, as I did upon a former occasion, that Lands are permanent—rising  fast in value—and will be very dear when our Independancy is established, and the Importance of America better known—To these, one observation more, may not be unworthy of attention, which is, that in proportion to the brightness of our prospects, and the heaviness of our taxes, the rage for getting quit of, and realizing paper money must cease, and Men & measures will resume a more reasonable tone again; which, if it has already taken place shews that your scheme will, in part, prove abortive. With respect to your purchase of Mr Robt Alexander’s Land I can only say that the price you have offered for it is a very great one but as you want it to live at—as it answers your’s & Nelly’s views—and is a pleasant Seat & capable of improvement I do not think the price ought to be a capital object with you, but I am pretty sure that you and Alexander will never agree; for he is so much afraid of cheating himself that if you were to offer him five thousand pounds more than he ever expected to get for his Land the dread of injuring himself or hope of getting more, would cause him first to hesitate & then refuse; which leads me to think that the increasing of your offer, if you were disposed to do so, would answer no valuable end, nor bring you one whit nearer the mark.
                    The Public papers will convey all the news of this Quarter to you except that Genl Howe has actually Sailed for England, & that the Enemy in Phila. appear to be upon the point of evacuating the City for New York—This has made such a change in the Language & visages of the Tories of that place, that they are scarce known to be the same men a few great offenders excepted, the disaffected are now endeavouring to make peace with the Country, to which they have been advised by the Enemy. at the same time it is left optional with them to follow the Army. I am with great affectn &ca yr

                        G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 26 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

                        Sir
                        Head Quarters Valley Forge 26 May 1778

                    I was not a little suprised to see by a letter from Colo. Hooper to Colo. Harrison, copy of which you have inclosed, that 728 Stand of  Arms, which had come on as far as Sussex Court House, had returned to New Windsor, in consequence of directions given by Mr Andrew Taylor D. Q. M. Genl to Mr Lansing. Mr Taylor says this was done by your positive orders as appears by copy of his letter to Mr Lansing, which you have also inclosed. This order of Mr Taylors extends to all the Arms under the care of Mr Lansing, and therefore it is more than probable that all which he was forwarding, and which are above 1900, will also be sent back.
                    In my letters to the Board of War some time ago, I informed them that I should draw about 4000 Stand from the Eastward and Albany for the use of this Army, and that I had ordered a sufficient number to be left on the other side of the North River for the Eastern Levies. General Knox informs me that he has left 3000 Stand for that purpose. There are now at least 2500 Men, consisting of those whose Arms are out of repair and the levies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland, who are unable to do duty for want of Arms. The 10th Carolina Regiment, lately arrived at Camp, have not a Musket. I therefore desire that the 728 Stand may be immediately sent down, and that all the Arms which General Knox, by my orders, directed to be sent from Springfeild and Albany to this quarter, may come on without the least delay. This countermand has greatly disappointed and exceedingly distressed and injured the Service, as I depended upon, and had actually given an order to Genl Maxwell to send and meet those Arms that he might draw part of them for the Jersey Levies, who are ready to take them up, and who will now be unable to give any opposition to the Enemy, should they attempt to pass through the Jerseys.
                    You will consider the above as an order not to be dispensed with in the present situation of Affairs. I am Sir Your most obt Servt

                        Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Lachlan McIntosh, 26 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: McIntosh, Lachlan

                        Sir.
                        Camp Valley forge May [26] 1778

                    The Congress having been pleased to direct me, to appoint an Officer to command at Fort pit and in the Western Frontiers, in the room of Brigadier General Hand, I am induced, but not without reluctance, from the sense I entertain of your merit, to nominate you, as an Officer well qualified from a variety of considerations, to answer the Objects they may have in view.
                    I do not know particularly what the Objects are, which Congress have in contemplation in this command, and therefore request, that you will, as soon as you conveniently can, repair to York Town and receive their instructions, respecting them.
                    I have only to add, that I shall be happy to hear from you, as often as opportunity will permit, and my warmest wishes, that your services may be honorable to yourself and approved by your Country. I am Sir with great esteem & regard Yr Most Obed. sert

                        Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Smallwood, 26 May 1778
From: Smallwood, William
To: Washington, George

                        Dr sir,
                        Wilmington [Del.] 26th May 1778

                    I have just recd your favour of the 25th Inst. & am happy to find the Measures I had Adopted have in a great Measure Coincided with your views and the Possition you have recommended, I had just finished my Letter to send by Mr Fitzhugh, shall send the Express off with him—I hope my reasons for remaining here thus long will Suffice for deviating from your orders in not Marching Immediately as you required on rect of yours—the first Brigade will get as far as Dilworths to Night and will join you Tomorrow, the Second and remainder of the Stores I shall move with about 1 oClock tomorrow Morning and rest Assured every Necessary precaution to guard against a Surprise shall be used. I have the Honor to be Your Obdt Hble servt

                        W. Smallwood

                        P.S. what with the smallness of the Second Brigade and want of Arms, we shall be very weak. therefore be not surpriz’d if you should hear of our running away. I hear there is one Compy of Mattrosses 30 men with 2 field pieces and about 200 Militia arived at the head of Elk the remainder  are daily expected I sent an officer this morning to get a State of the Stores &c. and returns of the Troops there and to be informed when the remainder might be expected.


Title: To George Washington from Major General John Sullivan, 26 May 1778
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

                        Dear General—
                        Providence [R.I.] 26th May 1778

                    I beg leave to inform your Excellency that on the night of the 24th Inst. about six or Seven Hundred British & Hessian Troops at Rhode Island, embark’d on Board two Ships of War, two Tenders, & about Thirty Flatt Bottom’d-Boats, pass’d up the River & Landed before Day between Warren & Poppasquash Point; at the appearance of Day light, they march’d in Two Bodies, one for Warren, & the other for the Head of Kickemuett River, where were about Seventy Flatt Bottom’d Boats, & one of the State Galleys; they burn’d all the Boats but twelve & set Fire to the Galley, which was afterwards Extinguish’d without having done much Injury—They then set Fire to the Meeting House at Warren, & to Seven Dwelling houses, & Retreated towards Bristol, where their ships had fallen Down with the Flatt Bottom’d Boats to receive them—They burnt in Bristol Twenty two Houses, among which is Governor Bradfords—In their Tour, every species of Cruelty was display’d. Twenty of the inhabitants were taken & carried off; almost every House was plunder’d, they made no distinction between their Friends & Foes—some women who had been long noted as their faithfull friends, were compelled by the Bayonett, to Stand while their Buckles were taken from their Shoes, their Rings from their Fingers, their Handkerchiefs from their Necks &c.—I received intelligence of the  Enemys Landing about 8 oClock—The Country was immediately notified—The Troops from this place put in motion, & Lest an attempt might be intended on this place, or upon the Western Shore—some part of the militia was called in to guard the western shore & this place—The residue were order’d to march on towards the Enemy—All those from the Massechusetts were order’d to meet & oppose them—They assembled with great alacrity, & march’d with much Expedition—Colo. Barton was sent on to muster what Troops he could on the Road to assist Colo. Crarys Regiment, which was stationed at Bristol, & had got into the Enemies Rear—Colo. Barton with Colo. Crarys Regiment, & what Force He had Collected, amounting to near two Hundred, attack’d them in their retreat & I beleive did them considerable injury—The Gallant Colo. was dangerously wounded in the action—I arriv’d on the Ground about half past Eleven oClock—The Troops from this place, & A large body of Militia were about two miles in the Rear, coming on, many of which had march’d near twenty miles in less than four Hours—When I came upon the Ground, their Rear had embark’d & been off near an hour—I know nothing of their loss, we had two or three Killed, several wounded, & five taken—I am sorry to inform your Excellency, that notwithstanding my repeated solicitations, there is not A Hundred men sent here from Massechusetts, but Eighty from Newhampshire, & not A Man from Connecticutt; the whole Force here is less than Five Hundred, to defend A shore of near A Hundred miles in Extent—While we remain in this weak Situation, the Enemy will have it in their power to destroy the Towns on the shore one after another, & retreat before any force can be collected to oppose them successfully—I have repeatedly urged this to the States, but without success—I am informed that the Continental Bounty being so high for Soldiers to join the Grand Army, their priviledge of Drawing cloathing at A reasonable rate, & those in this Department having so small A bounty, compared to the other, & having no certainty that they can draw cloathing, but at an extravigant Price, prefer going into the Grand Army.
                    I have again wrote by express, to the several New England States, informing them of our situation & of the advantages the enemy have taken of it; hope it may have A good Effect—I cannot help observing that the place for laying up the Boats was very injudiciously chosen—I was about to move them when I first came to this Post, but upon examination, found not one of them would swim—I employ’d A number of Carpenters to repair them with A view of moving them up Taunton River where they would have been safe, but before this could be Effected, they were destroy’d; One of the State Galleys, man’d with thirteen men was taken yesterday morning at Gardiners neck by one of  the Enemies Galleys which rowed up to her in the night—Sir I have the Honour to be with much Esteem your Excellency’s most Obdt Servt

                        Jno. Sullivan


Title: General Orders, 27 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

                        Head-Quarters V. Forge Wednesday May 27th 1778.
                        Parole Fortitude—C. Signs Fortune Fame.

                    Commanding Officers of Regiments are to make returns on friday next of the Arms that were in possession of their respective Corps the first of November last of those they have since delivered in; of those they have since drawn and of those now actually in possession, It is expected they always have exact Accounts kept of Arms Cloathing Camp Utensils &c. furnished their men as they must be responsible for their due application.
                    Major General Mifflin having been permitted by Congress to repair to and serve in this Army, he is to take Command of the Division Late Lincoln’s.
                    The Field Officers of Regiments who have drawn Money from any of the public Offices for recruiting their respective Corps are desired as soon as possible to furnish the Auditors of the Army with Lists of Money advanced by them to their Officers for that service. Captain Turbeville is appointed Aide de Camp to Major General Lee ’till further orders and is to be respected accordingly.
                    Officers are to see that the mud plaistering about the hutts be removed and every other method taken to render them as airy as possible; they will also have the Powder of a Musquet Cartridge burnt in each hutt daily to purify the Air or a little Tar if it can be procured—The Commissary of Military Stores will provide blank Cartridges for this Purpose.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel George Baylor, 27 May 1778
From: Baylor, George
To: Washington, George

                        Dear Sir
                        Fredericksburg [Va.] May 27th 1778

                    I receivd your favor of the 15th instant by this weeks post and am happy to inform you, that we continue to be tolerably sucksesful in purchasing of Horses. I am apprehensive from a late act of our Assembly; voting General Nelson three hundred and fifty Horse, to be immedeately purchased, that they will continue to raise in their price and that the agreeable news from Europe will not have the wished for effect, in that article.
                    I have got a supply of money from the Treasury, by adopting the meathod which you are pleasd to recommend, which was by sending an Officer for it.
                    I shall in a few days send another squad, of about thirty Horses and the remainder of Colo. Moylans men to Camp, stil retaining a few (Horses) for the purpose of exercising and training our Recruits. I am Dr Sir with the greatest respect your most obet huml. Servant

                        George Baylor


Title: To George Washington from George Bryan, 27 May 1778
From: Bryan, George
To: Washington, George

                        Sir
                        In Council Lancaster [Pa.] May 27th 1778

                    As there now appears to be a happy prospect of your Excellencys regaining, in a short time, the possession of the City of Philadelphia, and there is reason to apprehend that the provocations which have been given by some of the inhabitants of that City may have excited a spirit of revenge in the minds of their insulted and abused countrymen, which if not restrained in time may in the end be attended with very  mischievous consequences, and possibly, involve many innocent people in dreadful calamities; this Council think the measures, necessary to be taken to prevent the disorders which may arise upon the army and the people of the state re-entering the city, worthy of your Excellencys attention for a few moments, and therefore trouble you with this intimation of our apprehensions: At the same time assuring you that this Council will consider the exertions which you may find necessary for such a purpose, as a favour done to the state. I am with the greatest respect Your Excellencys very humble servant

                        Geo. Bryan, Vice president


Title: To George Washington from Major General Horatio Gates, 27 May 1778
From: Gates, Horatio
To: Washington, George

                        Sir,
                        Fish Kill [N.Y.] 27th May 1778.

                    General MacDougall has made me the inclosed Return of the Strength of the Enemy’s Army, in, and about New York; which I have the Honour, by this Conveyance, to transmit to Your Excellency. The General seems thoroughly Satisfied, that the Return is a true State of the Enemy’s Army in this Neighbourhood: After this, I have not the Smallest doubt, but Your Excellency will provide immediately, for the proper Security of the North River. I am now assured, my Supplies of provissions, will be Constant, and Ample. I was Yesterday honour’d with the Receipt of Your Excellency’s Letter of the 18th Instant, & have forwarded the packet to Colonel Ethan Allen, by a Safe hand. Colonel Wigglesworth will deliver Your Excellency a Message, the purport of which, it might be imprudent to write. I am, Sir, Your Excellency’s Most Obedient Hume Servt

                        Horatio Gates


Title: To George Washington from Lord Howe, 27 May 1778
From: Howe, Richard (Lord)
To: Washington, George

                        Sir
                        Philada May the 27th 1778

                    Having, by a packet just arrived from Great Britain, received the Kings Commands to transmit to the Congress and the Commander in Chief of their Troops, the Copies of two Acts passed this Session of Parliament, for quieting the disorders now subsisting in these Colonies and preparing the Way for the return of peace; I embrace the earliest opportunity to forward the inclosed Copies of those Acts, and of one other Act relating to the Government of the province of the Massachusets Bay, for your information, thereon; most sincerely hoping they will be productive of the desired good effects. I am, with due consideration Sir Yr most obt Servt

                        Howe


Title: From George Washington to General William Howe, 27 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, William

                        Sir
                        Head Qrs [Valley Forge] May 27th 1778

                    Much time having elapsed since I wrote you on the 22d of March, upon the subject of Captains Robertson and Galt, without receiving an Answer or their being restored to their liberty, I esteem it my duty to transmit you an Extract from the copy of that Letter; so far as it relates  to them, and to call your attention again to the requisitions contained in it. I am, Sir, with due respect Your Most Obedt servt

                        Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Maxwell, 27 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Maxwell, William

                        Sir.
                        Head Quarters [Valley Forge] 27th May 1778.

                    I yesterday received a letter of the 24th inst. from Colonel Shreve, in which he renews his application for Arms, and complains of the distressing want of Shirts in your Brigade—it is unluckily out of my power to do any thing in addition to the order with which you are already furnished relative to the first article.
                    With respect to the latter as there are no Shirts in camp, I can point out no other method for procuring them at present, than sending an Officer from each Regiment to the Clothier General at Lancaster, with a return of the deficiency. I am Sir Your most obedt Serv.

                        The Officers will do well to call at Head Quarters in their way—as the Cloth. Genl may possibly arrive in camp in a day or two.


Title: General Orders, 28 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

                        Head-Quarters V. Forge Thursday May 28th 1778.
                        Parole Germany—C. Signs Ganges. Groton—

                    Commanding Officers of Brigades in pursuance of former orders to hold themselves in readiness to march, are to apply immediately to the Quarter Master General for a sufficient number of Waggons to transport their Baggage and are to have their respective Brigades supplied as completely as possible with Camp Utensils and Necessaries of every kind requisite towards taking the Field—The Commissary will have a quantity of hard bread and salt meat prepared to issue to the Army when call’d for. As we may expect every moment to march the Army is to be prepared in all respects for that purpose—Guards of every kind are constantly to hold themselves in a collected State with their Accoutrements on and ready to act at a moments warning. The General therefore forbids all Exercises & diversions particularly such as cause them to disperse & put off their Accoutrements which is equally inconsistent with their Security and with good discipline.

                    A board of General Officers are desired to sit tomorrow morning ten ôClock at General Lee’s quarters to examine into Lieutt Coll Regnier’s Claim of rank in the New-York Line & report their opinions thereon—The other Lieutt Colonels of that line present are desired to attend—The Commander in Chief will lay before the board the Memorial presented by Lieutt Coll Regnier, with some other Papers.
                    A Court of Enquiry to sit tomorrow to examine into the Conduct of Lieutt Coll Park reported to have been absent from Camp without leave, and to have been negligent in his duty. All Persons concern’d will attend—Colonel Johnson is appointed President Colonel Parker—Lieutt Colonels Bonner and Starr and Major Fenner will attend as Members at the Presidents quarters, 9 oClock tomorrow morning.
                    Returns from the several Brigades of such Cloathing and Necessaries as are actually wanting to be made next saturday at Orderly time.
                    At a Brigade Court Martial May 25th 1778—Colonel Bowman President, Adjutant Bowyer of 12th Virginia Regiment tried for furnishing two soldiers with the Countersign to go into the Country to buy Provisions, found guilty of a breach of the 15th Article, 13th section of the Articles of War & sentenced to be dismissed the service.
                    The Commander in Chief approves the sentence, but in Consideration of Mr Bowyer’s good Character as an Officer, notwithstanding so material a breach of the rules of Discipline as he is chargable with in the present instance, is induced to restore him to his Office.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Ethan Allen, 28 May 1778
From: Allen, Ethan
To: Washington, George

                        Sir
                        Bennington [County, Vt.] 28th May. 1778

                    I recd Your Excellency’s Express this day, with a Bravet Commission; I Esteam the Approbation of Congress, your Excellency and my Country in General, Above gold and Silver. am now recruiting my Constitution, and for that purpose have Laid out a Certain regimane of Diet and Exercise. The Enemy keep their Ships of war Cruising in the lake but do not as yet Infest our Extensive frontiers, Tho it has been Expected that they will—they made an Attempt in March but were Beaten by the green Mountain Boys Three to one. I am Sir with the greatest Esteem your Excellency’s Most Devoted Obedient and Humble Servant

                        Ethan Allen


Title: From George Washington to George Bryan, 28–29 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Bryan, George

                        sir.
                        Head Quarters Valley Forge 28[–29] May 1778

                    I received your favor of the 23d instant, and sincerely condole with the Council and State on the loss of so worthy a citizen and president. I thank you exceedingly for your assurances of co-operation whenever circumstances of public honor & safety make it necessary.
                    As yet I have had no official information of the Marquiss De La Fayet⟨te’s⟩ appointment as Ambassador from the Court of France to the United States of North America. But when I am advised of such an event, I shall take a pleasure in giving the Council previous notice of his departure from the army. I am Sir, with all due respect your most hble sevt

                        Go: Washington

                        Head Quarters 29th May 1778 P.S. Before I received your letter of the 27th Instant, I had determined on all necessary measures, in case of the enemies evacuating Philadelphia, for the preservation of private property and the protection of the Citizen of every denomination. I would beg leave to recommend it to the civil authority of the commonwealth to fix itself as soon as possible in the City. Till then the Council may be assured of my endeavours and attention to the peace, safety and good order of the place.
                        Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 28 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

                        Sir
                        Valley forge May 28th 1778

                    Since I had the Honor of addressing you on the 24th Instant, nothing material has happened. The Enemy are still in philadelphia, but the intelligence from thence is so clear and so strong, that it is certain, or nearly as much so as any Event can be that is contingent, that they mean to abandon it. Against the various measures they are pursuing, which point to an evacuation, there is but one single circumstance opposed that I can learn, which is; that they are working at their Redoubts with great industry, but this fact, tho’ certainly true, cannot be of sufficient weight to raise a doubt upon the subject, and must be considered as merely calculated to deceive us—and to mask their design. We cannot find out, Notwithstanding the most diligent pains, whether their movement will be by Land or Sea; Nor are the Inhabitants of the Town satisfied on the point. Appearances favor either. They have a great many Ships and very large—Yet from a preparation of boats at prince’s bay on the South side of Staten Island, which I am just advised of, and for some other reasons a Land rout is not improbable. I have detached to Jersey the whole of the Troops of that State under General Maxwell, which I flatter myself with the Militia Genl Dickinson will be able to collect, will give them some annoyance in case they attempt a retreat by Land. I have the Honor to be with great respect & esteem Sir Your Most Obedt servt

                        Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 28 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

                        Sir
                        Valley forge May 28th 1778

                    Lt Colo. John Gibson of the 6th Virginia Regiment, who, from his knowledge of the Western Country and Indian Nations and language, is ordered to repair to pitsburg will have the honor of delivering you this. He is intitled and has been ever since the Twenty fifth of October last to a Regiment in that line, and I must take the liberty to request that Congress will give him a Commission of that date. The Resolution of the 31st of December “recommending the States to suspend filling up Regimental vacancies”—my expectations that some Officers of inferior rank, and perhaps of the same belonging to Other States might be reduced upon a New arrangement, and certainly if I gave Commissions in one instance, I should be obliged to do it in all, have prevented me appointing him to the vacancy he had a right to. I do not know particularly to what Regiment he ought to be appointed, Congress therefore will be pleased to give him a Commission for a Regiment from the State of Virginia without mentioning the number. I have the Honor to be with great respect, Sir, Yr Most Obedt servant

                        Go: Washington

                        P.S. Many Copies of Oaths are still wanted.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Maxwell, 28 May 1778
From: Maxwell, William
To: Washington, George

                        Sir
                        Trenton [N.J.] 28th May 1778

                    I arived at this place last evening, as did General Dickesons Artillery the others I left with Coll Dayton who was to stop at Penny Town last night to draw provisions; we had a wet morning of it, and wet the night before. When the Troops comes here I intend to halt them for the Remr of the day to draw more Provisions rest them selves and clean their Arms. I have had some talk with General Dickeson about my Bussiness, and his; He thinks that Borden Town would be a more suteable place for my Main Body with some of the Militia & Ca than at Haddenfield  there might be one Continental Regt left there he thinks with Coll Ellises Militia to execute the designs on the Bridges and roads should they attempt that rout, but that I will be a better Judge of when I examin further. The Generals latest information still confirms him that they intend to pass through the Jersey; the Light Infantry & some others through this Town & the Main body lower down. He has got his B[e]acons fixed, and has given orders for part of the Battns to come in immediately that lyeth at such a distance as to give no asistance was the enemy to make a Quick move. This is all I can inform you of at present and am Your Excellencys Most Obedient Humble Servt

                        Wm Maxwell

                        N.B. I will send up to Easton as soon as possable for the Arms but I have little expectation of geting them as General Knox said he expected them in Camp in two days at farthest—should that be the case I hope Your Excellency will send them on with what Cartouch Boxes can be spared.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel William Russell, Sr., 28 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Russell, William Sr.

                        Head Quarters Valley Forge 28th May 1778

                    The particular situation of Indian Affairs to the Westward rendering it necessary to send up Officers acquainted with their language, customs and Country, I have among others, qualified to answer these purposes, ordered Colo. Jno. Gibson to Pitts Burgh with Brig: Genl McIntosh: As there are but two Continental Regiments employed upon this Service, the 8th pennsylvania and 13th Virginia, there is only a command for two Colonels, and therefore I am under the necessity of directing Colo. Gibson to take the command of your Regiment for the present, and of desiring you to come down and take the command of Colo. Gibsons, the 6th, in his absence. My only reason for making this temporary change is, that the nature of the service calls for an Officer accostomed to the management of Indians, and you can be more usefully employed here. I am Sir Your most obt Servt.


Title: General Orders, 29 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

                        Head-Quarters V. Forge Friday May 29th 1778.
                        Parole Hungary—C. Signs Holland—Huran—

                    The Commanding Officers of Regiments & Corps are not under any pretence whatever (unless duty requires it) to permit their Officers or men to be absent from Camp, that they may be ready to march at an hours warning.
                    At a General Court Martial Coll Chambers President May 25th 1778—Captain Medaras of the North-Carolina Brigade tried for Forgery—After mature deliberation the Court are of opinion that Captn Medaras is guilty of the Charge exhibited against him, but as he could not have been actuated by motives self interested or injurious to Captain Jones (the Gentleman whose name he signed) and as he had before been perfectly acquainted with Captain Jones’s Sentiments, the Court (thinking his Crime, though he is yet truly blameworthy alleviated  by these circumstances) do sentence him to be reprimanded in General Orders.
                    The Commander in Chief approves the sentence and is much concerned to find that an Officer in this Army should presume to sign a brother Officer’s name without his Permission—Captain Medaras is ordered to be released from his Arrest.
                    At the same Court William Whiteman Waggoner tried for Desertion and sentenced to receive sixty lashes approved and ordered to be put in execution tomorrow morning on the Grand Parade at guardmounting—Also John Clime of the 10th Pennsylvania Regiment tried for desertion and attempting to make his Escape to the Enemy, found guilty of both Charges alledged against him & sentenced to receive two hundred lashes—One hundred for each Crime.
                    The General approves the sentence & orders it to be put in execution this evening at roll-call at the head of the Regiment to which he belongs.
                    Also John Wood Serjeant in the 8th Pennsylvania Regiment tried for desertion and attempting to escape to the Enemy acquitted and ordered to be released from his confinement.


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 29 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

                        Dr Sir
                        Valley forge May 29. 1778.

                    Some days ago I received your favor of the 8th Inst., and am much obliged by the measures you have taken to recover the Box.
                    I am happy to find by a Letter from General Schuyler of the 22d, which came to hand last night, that the Indian Nations, which had discovered an unfriendly disposition, seem to be well affected and to afford grounds to hope for a friendly alliance between us. If this can be effected, or we can only keep them from falling upon our Frontiers, it will be a fortunate circumstance; as we may not only then employ nearly the whole of the Continental Force wherever Sr Henry Clinton’s movements require it, but also derive greater aid from the Militia in cases of exigency. Our Treaty and alliance with France when well understood  by ’em, I am persuaded, will have a favourable influence on their conduct.
                    That the Enemy mean to evacuate Philadelphia, is almost reduced to a certainty. It is as much so as an event can be, that is contingent. Their baggage and Stores are nearly, if not all embarked, and from our intelligence there is reason to conclude, that many days will not elapse before they abandon it. All accounts concur that New York will be the place of their first destination. Whether they will move by Sea or Land can not be ascertained; but the weight of circumstances is in favor of the latter. I have sent a Brigade to Jersey, which, with the Militia I expect will collect under General Dickinson, I hope will give them some small annoyance—More can not be done. If the States had furnished their quota of Men or any thing like it, and the great departments of Quarter Master & Commissary had not been in a State almost of inextricable confusion, a more favoura⟨ble⟩ opportunity could not have presented itself for giving the Troops in philadelphia a decisive stroke. After the Enemy have passed through Jersey, if that should be their route, or embarked, the Brigade which is there, is ordered to proceed with all possible expedition to Newburg, and the main body, if not the whole of this Army, will move immediately after the same way. This I mention for your own information.
                    I thank you much, for your exertions to compleat your Batallions. Colo. Malcom’s Regiment will proceed with the rest of the Army and will then have an opportunity of recruiting. I am Dr sir with great regard and esteem Your Most Obedt Servant

                        Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Parke Custis, 29 May 1778
From: Custis, John Parke
To: Washington, George

                        Hond Sir,
                        Williamsburg [Va.] May 29th ’78

                    It is with much Pleasure I inform you of the safe Arrival of a French fifty Gun Ship, in Hampton Road yesterday. I have just parted with the Capt. at the Governor’s. He has brought the most valuable Cargo that has arrived since the War. Cloth & Linen sufficient for fifteen thousand Men, four thousand Suits ready made, a great number of soldiers Blankets, some military Stores, the final Cost of the Cargo is five Millions of Livres. Our Bay has been clear for some Time, many Vessels have arrived, but the one I have just mentioned is the most important.
                    Our Assembly has been setting for some Time and have not been idle. We should have been able to have finished our Business by this  Time, but I am ashamed to inform you that the Senate never made a House, untill the Day before Yesterday. We expect to break up in a Day or two; Three Bills have passd the House of Delegates for reinforceing the Army. One for raising 2000 Volunteers to serve one Year, to induce the Men to inlist, We have given 30 Dollars Bounty, an Exemption from Militia Duty for as long a Time as they shall serve, and their Persons from Taxation for the same time, a Second for raising 350 Horsemen to serve untill the End of the Campain. They have no Bounty but the same Priveledges with the foot, the State is to equip them. I fear We shall not be able to get Horses and accoutrements, the Men are very fond of the Scheme, many have equip’d themselves, and I hope will shortly join you. the third is to recruit the regiments. We have offered, 150 Dollars to Him who inlists for the War & 100 to Him who inlists for three years, they are exempt from Taxation, and enjoy all the Priviledges with the others. They are to be furnished With the following articles. Oznabrig @ 1/6 pr yd. Hats 7/6. shoes 10/ Stockings 2/ rum 8/ pr Gallon. Whiskey 5/. what eve[r] else they want is to be furnished at 120 pr Cent on the final cost, and a Suit of Cloths every year gratis. I think We have now offered the most generous Terms and if they do not inlist, they must be drafted. I cannot be more particular at this time, as the House is sitting and the Post will be gone before we break up. You will be kind enough to excuse the inaccuracies, and beleive Me your most Affecte

                        J.P. Custis

                        P.S. I presume before this reachs you Mamma will have left Camp. if She has not be pleased to give my Love, & thanks for her Affectionate Letter of the 26th inst. Nelly will write to her on a Supposition She is a[t] Mt Vernon. Nelly tenders her Affecte regards to you.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 29 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

                        Sir
                        Valley forge May the 29th 1778

                    I received yesterday your Letter of the 23d Inst. by General Huntington.
                    If the States will not or cannot send their Quota of Troops into the Field, it is no fault of mine. I have been urgent in my requisitions on that head, and whatever consequences may arise from the deficiency, will not, I trust, be chargeable on me. I cannot detach the reinforcement you request. The Enemy are yet in possession of Philadelphia in full force, and we have near Four Thousand men in this Camp sick of the smallpox and other disorders. I have sent the whole of the Jersey Troops to that State to harrass them in their march, in case they proceed to New York by Land, and General Maxwell who commands them, is ordered, as soon as they shall have passed through, or the moment he is informed that they are embarked, to repair with all possible expedition to Newburgh and take your directions. The whole of the Army besides is under marching orders, and as soon as philadelphia is evacuated, will move, as fast as circumstances will admit, towards the North river. I have written to Colonel Sheldon and directed him to proceed immediately to Fish Kills with his Regiment. I am Sir Your Most Obedt servant

                        Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Thomas Hartley, 29 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Hartley, Thomas

                        Sir
                        Head Qurs [Valley Forge] 29th May 1778.

                    I have received your letter of the 23d inst. inclosing the proceedings of a Court martial of which you were President—the sentences pronounced in the cases of Shorkey and King appear to be just and they have my approbation—that pronounced in the case of William Jones is expressly contrary to the 3d Article of the 18th Section of the Articles of War, which limits the number of lashes that may be inflicted on any offender at the discretion of a Court Martial, to one hundred—and as it is altogether unwarrantable to elude that restriction by accumulating the punishments of several crimes—in the course of the same trial—I mitigate the punishmt to one hundred lashes—I am happy to hear that your Regiment has not experienced any pernicious exemption from duty in its quarters at york and that you have a prospect of its being  cloathed and appointmt—I congratulate you upon the reestablishment of your health and remain Sir your most obedt Servt.

                        P.S. I cannot forbear mentioning an informality in the trial of King, whose name in the proceedings has neither addition nor description—the charge shd have specified that he belonged to some Regt—I presume that the Court took care to ascertain the fact of his being a Soldier and liable to be tried as a Deserter.


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel James Innes, 29 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Innes, James

                        Sir,
                        Head Quarters Valley Forge May 29th 1778

                    I am a little surprised, that you have not yet returned to camp, as your stay has now considerably exceeded the greatest extent, you requested permission for; The season is far advanced and you must be sensible your presence with your regiment is essentially necessary. I shall expect you will immediately on receipt of this repair to camp. I am Sir Your most Obedt serv.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Johnson, 29 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Johnson, Thomas

                        ⟨Sir⟩
                        Valley forge May 29th 1778

                    I was last night honoured with your favor of the 22d Instant.
                    Satisfied that an intercourse with Philadelphia would be productive of great disadvantages, I have endeavoured to prevent it, as far as I could; and have not in any instance granted passports for that purpose, but where the parties applying have been recommended, either by some public body or by Gentlemen in whom I had entire confidence;  and where the Objects of the applications have been materially interesting. Those, whom you or the Council, shall think proper to recommend, will always meet with a ready indulgence on my part; being convinced, that requests, not founded in necessity or on circumstances of an interesting nature will not be countenanced. The permits must be obtained at Head Quarters, as the situation of the Army might make it expedient, on some occasions, to defer granting them for a short time. From the present appearance of things, I flatter myself, we shall not be obliged to use these restrictions much longer, and that we shall be in full possession of the City. Every information leads to this hope, and it is generally imagined that New York, in case of an evacuation, will be the first place of rendezvous of the Enemy now in this quarter. I have the honor to be, with great respect, Sir your Most Obedt servant

                        Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 29 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

                        Dear Sir,
                        Valley-forge May 29th 1778

                    Your polite favor of the 5th Instt I duly received, and thank you much for the information contained in it. at the sametime, I earnestly request, that you will endulge me with an excuse for not answering it before—a constant croud of business, and the intervention of a variety of circumstances have been the cause; and not an inattention to the rules of civility, or to those of friendship.
                    Your Letter gave me the first intimation of the disagreement between our Commissioners—the event is disagreeable & painful; & unless they can bring themselves to harmonize, their proceeding will not probably consult the public interest as well, as they otherwise might. It is certain they will not have that degree of respect, either at home or abroad—their embassy is a most interesting one, and may involve consequences which will lead, in no small degree, to the happiness or misery of their Country. I hope reflexion and a due consideration will set them right.
                    The act of the 22d of April will certainly require the Commissioner⟨s⟩ if they come at all, to be vested with much more ample powers than Lord Norths Bill profess’d, or their mission will be rediculously mortifying. Indeed, Men who would come out under the powers expressed in the Bills, after all that has passed, deserves to be mortified in the extreme. I am happy the report and consequent resolution were previous to the treaty & alliance with France being known. The Parliament  have been so much parties to this War, & to all the proceedings respecting it, that it would seem, the crown itself has no authority, either to continue, or to end it; or to do anything else, without their express concurrance.
                    I sincerely wish the Military arrangement to be compleated. the delay is attended with great inconvenience & injury. While it remains open, our whole system cannot but be imperfect—I know that the Congress have a variety of important matters to claim their attention; but I assure you there are few, if any, that are more interesting than what this is.
                    The question of half pay being decided, I shall not trouble you with a further discussion of the subject. It must be granted however, that in the situation of our affairs the measure, or something substantially the same had become necessary. nor can I, after ballancing in my mind and giving the subject the fairest consideration I am capable of, esteem it unjust. I assure you Sir, however we may have differed in sentiment on this point, I am fully convinced that the strictest candour forms a part of your character and request you to believe, that I am with great attachment & esteem Dr Sir yr most obedt & obliged Hble Servt

                        Go: Washington

                        P.S. The Letter for Mr Pike was sent to him in a day or two after it came to hand. I most sincerely wish that Congress would lay the charge, and order tryal of the Majr Generals in disgrace. St Clair is exceedingly uneasy and distressed at the delay, & with pain I add, that the proceeding, or more properly, not proceeding in this matter, is looked upon as cruel & oppressive.


Title: To George Washington from William Livingston, 29 May 1778
From: Livingston, William
To: Washington, George

                        Dear Sir
                        Princeton [N.J.] 29 May 1778

                    I am quite ashamed of my present application as it necessarily infers a neglect of duty in those whom I do not chuse to blame. It were tedious to give you a narrative of the fruitless pains I have taken to have this State supplied with proper Magazines of arms & ammunition. But so it is that we must now either fight without ammunition or not fight at all. If your Excellency can possibly spare any Cartridges, I beg they may be ordered with all possible dispatch to Jonathan Baldwin Esqr. of this place who has directions to distribute them. If none are to be had from the continental stores, but we can be supplied with lead, I have powder sufficient for the purpose. Thinking it too tedious to procure the lead in this State (of which there is a considerable Quantity in the hands of the disaffected) by an act to seize it for the public use, which I recommended to the house this morning, I since procured the Resolution of which the inclosed is a Copy, as the only mean I could devise to give us seasonable relief. Our Militia appear in high Spirits, & I trust they will fight if they can be equipped for the battle. If your Excellency has a moments leisure, please to favour me with your Conjectures concerning the movements of our old Friends the Brittons! I believe they are as much puzzled about the rout they intend to take as we are to discover their intentions—With the greatest esteem & warmest wishes I am Dear Sir your most humble Ser.

                        Wil: Livingston


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Maxwell, 29 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Maxwell, William

                        Sir
                        Head Quarters Valley Forge 29th May 1778

                    It is yet a matter of uncertainty whether the Enemy intend to embark or to march across the Jersey. If they do the former, you are, immediately upon obtaining certain intelligence of it, to march with the whole of your Brigade by the shortest Rout to New Burgh upon the North River, and there take your orders from Major Genl Gates. All the unarmed Men are to march, as they will meet Arms coming from the Eastward.
                    If the Enemy attempt to cross the Country, you are, as before directed, in conjunction with the Militia, to break up and obstruct the Roads, and make their march as difficult as possible: And when you find that it is needless to pursue any further, you are to file off and gain the North River as quick as possible. I am apprehensive that the Enemy mean to endeavour to operate in that quarter before we can reinforce the posts from this Army, and therefore the utmost expedition will be necessary. I am &c.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Maxwell, 29 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Maxwell, William

                        Sir
                        Head Quarters Valley Forge 29th May 1778

                    I have recd yours of the 28th from Trenton. The Arms out of which you were to have been supplied had come on as far as sussex Court  House, but for some reason or other Genl Gates ordered them back to New Windsor. I have sent up and ordered them down in the most express manner. Untill they arrive I cannot supply you.
                    You say you think Bordentown a more suitable place for your main Body than Haddenfeild. I cannot conceive how you can think Bordentown a proper place, it is hemmed in between two deep Creeks, and should the Enemy throw a small Body in your rear you must be cut off. Mount Holly was the place to which, by your instructions, you were directed to repair, as the position most safe. But if upon a consultation with General Dickinson you should judge another place more eligible I have no objection, provided it be not at Bordentown, Burlington, or any place near the Delaware flanked by the deep Creeks which run up into the Country. In a word, keep above the Heads of the Creeks and then you have the Country open to act as circumstances may require. I am &c.


Title: From George Washington to Gouverneur Morris, 29 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Morris, Gouverneur

                        Dear Sir,
                        Valley-forge May 29th 1778.

                    I thank you for your favors of the 21st & 23d Instt both of which have come to hand since my last to you—had such a chapter as you speak of, been written to the rulers of Mankind, it would, I am perswaded, have been as unavailing as many others upon subjects of equal importance—we may lament that things are not consonant to our wishes, but cannot change the nature of Man; & yet, those who are distressed by the folly & perverseness of it, cannot help complaining, as I would do on the old score of regulation and arrangement, if I thought any good would come of it.
                    It appears to me that British politics are a ground, and that administration is reduced to the alternative (if War is declared, which I cannot doubt) of relinquishing all pretensions to conquest in America, or must give up her Islands. which she will choose, I cannot say; which she ought to do, is evident. but how far obstinacy, revenge, & villainy, may induce them to persevere I shall not undertake to determine. that the Enemy in Philadelphia are bound to New York, I have no doubt of—whether as a place of rendezvous, or to facilitate any operations up the No. River, time, and less of it than you have taken to arrange the business of this Army, will unfold—whether they will go thence by Land or  Water, or whether they may not pay their compliments to us before they go, is not yet certain—My own opinion is, that they will March the flower of their Army, unincumbered with Baggage, through the Jerseys, and it is much to be lamented that our strength, the number & situation of our Sick, & Stores, will not allow us to make a larger detachment (previous to their move) than a Brigade, in aid of the Militia of that State; but were we to do this, if they had no serious thoughts before of visiting this army, a large detachment from it, out of recalling distance, might induce a measure of this kind, & expose upwards of three thousand Sick which we have not conveniency to remove, to insult—perhaps to a capitol stroke & less.
                    If I could spare a Brigadr from this Army, for Rhode Island, I should not hesitate a moment in my choice of the person you have mentioned; but Congress most assuredly know, that since McIntosh has left us No. Carolina wants one for the Troops of that State. Virginia two (as Muhlenberg only waits the arrival of a successor)—Maryland one—Pensa. (till Hand arrives) one—Massachusetts two—& these, exclusive of what were thought necessary for the light Troops (if any are ever to be formed)—What am I to do with Putnam? If Congress mean to lay him aside, decently I wish they would devise the mode—He wanted sometime ago to visit his family, I gave him leave, & requested him to superintend the forwarding of the Connecticut Recruits—this service he says, is at an end, & is now applying for Orders. If he comes to this Army, he must be in high command (being next in Rank to Lee)—if he goes to the North River, he must command Gates, or serve under a junior Officer. The sooner these embarrassments could be removed the better—If they are not to be removed, I wish to know it, that I may govern myself accordingly; indecision & suspense in the Military line, are hurtful in the extreme.
                    The Marquis, by depending on the Militia to patrole the Roads on his left, had very near been caught in a snare—in fact he was in it—but by his own dexterity, or the Enemy’s want of it, he disengaged himself in a very soldierlike manner & by an orderly, and well conducted retreat got out loosing three men killed, & alike number taken only—of the Enemy about the same Number were taken, three or four times as many killed & wounded, besides those who died of the fatiegue, & some of their Cavalry disabled—upon the whole, the Marquiss came handsomely off, & the Enemy returned disappointed & disgraced—loading poor Grant with obloquy for his conduct on the occasion; sneeringly asking, how 5000 Men were to go through the Continent when 2500 only, shifted their ground in his view & looked at him at the head of Six or Seven thousand with good countenances.
                    I had wrote thus far when your favor begun on the 27th & ended on  the 28th came to hand. with respect to appointments, promotions, &ca I have not a word more to say—My earnest wish is; that something, I do not care what, may be fixed, & the regulations compleated—It is a lamentable prospect to a Man who has seen, and felt so many inconveniencies as I have from the unsettled, and disordered condn of the army, to perceive that we are again to be plunged into a moving state (after near Six Months repose) before the intended regulations are made, & the Officers informed who are, & who are not, to be continued in Service undr the new establishmt.
                    Your Idea of levying contribution on the City of Phila. so widely differs from mine & the spirit of the recomn of Congress to each State that I had never entertained a single thought of the kind—A Measure of this Sort, in my judgment, would not only be inconsistent with sound policy but would be looked upon as an arbitrary stretch of Military power—inflame the Country, as well as City, and lay the foundation of much evil. If Congress are in the same sentiments with you I would wish to have them clearly & explicitly expressed, & without a moments loss of time, as, between you & I, I have no Idea of Marching more than a small detachment to the City, to prevent plundering and disorder, till some kind of Civil government can be established, in effecting which no time should be lost by this State—and to secure any public stores wch may be left, & aid the Quarter Masters &ca in providing for the Army.
                    Your Letter to Govr Clinton shall go under cover of one I had just written, & was about to dispatch on other matters—Very sincerely I remain Dr Sr Yr Most Obedt

                        Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philip Schuyler, 29 May 1778
From: Schuyler, Philip
To: Washington, George

                        Dr Sir
                        Albany [N.Y.] May 29th 1778

                    Yesterday I received a Letter from Mr Deane our Agent with the six Nations, Copy whereof I do myself the Honor to inclose.
                    Should such Events arise in the Course of this Campaign as would induce Congress to undertake an Expedition into Canada in the next, the bringing the Senecas and Cayugas to Reason, previous thereto would be of considerable Advantage in the prosecution of such an Enterprize—I have mentioned to Congress that I believe a thousand Men with what may be spared from the Garrison of Fort Schuyler: some Militia from Tryon County and the Oneidas and Tuscaroras would be sufficient for the purpose.
                    The Enemy are fortifying Isle au noix and keep three of their Ships and a few Gun Boats constantly about Crown point—I cannot learn that they have hitherto landed any Men with a View to disturb the Inhabitants.
                    Mrs Schuyler has been extremely ill—As soon as she is out of Danger I propose to go and take my Seat in Congress and shall do myself the Honor to call on your Excellency in my Way and hope by that Time you will have received Orders for the Enquiry into my Conduct. I am &c.

                        P: Schuyler.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Elisha Sheldon, 29 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Sheldon, Elisha

                        sir.
                        Head Quarters Valley Forge 29th May 1778

                    An extent of Country between Gen. Gates and the enemy make it necessary to employ horse in that quarter. I therefore desire you may proceed immediately to the North River and put yourself under the command of Genl Gates with all of your cavalry that are in a condition to march. With such as remain you will leave proper officers. I am &c.

                        Go: W.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Smallwood, 29 May 1778
From: Smallwood, William
To: Washington, George

                        Dear Sir,
                        Pennsborough Township [Pa.] 29th May 1778.

                    The Waggons not returning from moving the tents ’till yesterday and the weather proving wet on Wednesday, prevented my Marching that day, but we arived here yesterday after having got all the Quartermaster and Commissaries stores under way before we left Wilmington, we have taken a possition about a mile back of Chads Ford but are not fix’d being about now to reconitre and fix upon an Advantageous post which I shall Advise you of and of any Occurence that may cast up, we have about fifty Tory Prisoners and upwards of Thirty British & Refugees, the two Latter Classes I propose sending to Lancaster Immediately after I recieve your Answer respecting the exchange of Capt. Walbeof and the Purser &c. which I shou’d be glad to be favour’d with soon that I may get rid of the Prisoners who are kept at Kennets Square detach’d from the Brigade and under a Strong guard which is too great a draft from our Small Number Walbeof is very Anxious to be Admitted to go to Philada to bring about the propos’d exchange.
                    I have inclos’d you a return of the Militia Mattrosses & Artillery arived at the head of Elk should be glad of your direction respecting their disposition, I would beg leave to Suggest the propriety of sending a part of them with One field piece to relieve Colo. Pope which will enable me to keep a pretty strong party daily scouring Wilmington and that Quarter which may be essential to prevent the Depradations of the Marines and Refugees which are much Apprehended by the Inhabitants.  I Have the Honor to remain Your Excellency’s most Obdt Hble servt

                        W. Smallwood

                        P.S. If this Brigade is to remain in this Position any time I should be glad of Colo. Fleury’s Continuance with it, who has discharg’d his duty with unabated dilligence and punctuality has Improved the Troops much and given General satisfaction in the Execution of his Office.


Title: General Orders, 30 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

                        Head-Quarters V. Forge saturday May 30th 1778.
                        Parole Islington.C. Signs Ireland. Johnson.

                    Commanding officers of Brigades are to appoint a sufficient number of proper Officers to be left in charge of the sick and such others of their respective Brigades as will be unable to march with them in case the Army moves from the present Camp.
                    The Regimental Surgeons will make out and lodge with the Surgeon General of the Flying Hospital exact returns of the sick belonging to their several Regiments who shall be left in Camp when the Army marches.
                    The board of General Officers held agreeable to a general order of the 28th instant have made the following report, the Claims of Lieutt Colonel Regnier and the other Lieutt Colonels of the State of New-York respecting their standing in rank being considered; The Board are of Opinion that Lieutt Coll Regnier will take rank of those Gentlemen upon Courts-Martial, Detachments and all duties from the Line, but that they command him in the Line of the State, for notwithstanding Lieutt Coll Regnier’s Rank, as Lieutt Colonel was antecedent to theirs in the Line, yet his appointment in that State was posterior.
                    The Commander in Chief approves the above Report.
                    At a Brigade General Court Martial May 27th 1778—Lieutt Colonel Cropper President—Captain Hull of the 15th Virginia Regiment tried, firstly, for being so far elevated with liquor when on the parade  for exercising on the 14th instant as rendered him incapable of doing his duty with Precision—2ndly for accusing Lieutenants Samuel and Bens Jones of not deposing the truth when called upon Oath to give Evidence against him on the 18th instant, acquitted of the first Charge, but found guilty of the second and sentenced to be reprimanded by the Commanding Officer of the Brigade in presence of all the Officers therein—Captn Hull is ordered to be released from his Arrest.
                    At a General Court Martial May 28th 1778—Colonel Chambers President—Ensign James Walker of Coll Gist’s Regiment, tried firstly for deserting a Waggon he had in his Charge at the Appearance of one of our Light-Horse and loosing his Party in his flight—secondly for telling several Falsehoods in relating the Event after returning to Camp—unanimously found guilty of the charges exhibited against him, being breaches of the 5th Article, 18th section and 21st Article—14th section of the Articles of War and sentenced to be cashiered.
                    The Commander in Chief approves the sentence and orders it to take place immediately.
                    At the same Court John Lewis Garew of Coll Angell’s Regiment tried for threatning to take the lives of several Officers of that Regiment found guilty and sentenced to receive sixty lashes—approved and ordered to be put in Execution at Roll-Call this Evening at the head of the Regiment to which he belongs.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Arendt, 30 May 1778
From: Arendt, Henry Leonard Philip
To: Washington, George

                        Sir,
                        Reading [Pa.] May 30th 1778

                    In Order to avoid being troublesome to Your Excellency with my Letters, I have several Times wrote to Baron Stuben, requesting him to acquaint You that my Health was so far restored that I was desirous of resuming my Military Employment, in Case You should think proper to give me any other Post than that of Commanding a Regiment.

                    To convince Your Excellency that it is for very weighty Reasons and not thro’ Obstinacy that I reject this Post, I assure You I shall be content with any other You may be pleased to offer as I am perfectly satisfied You will propose nothing inconsistant with my Character and Honour.
                    In Expectation of Your Excellency’s Answer to my Request, I remain, with the greatest Respect, Your Excellency’s most obed: & very humble Servt

                        Baron Arendt