Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Cadet de Vaux, 20 October 1778
From: Cadet de Vaux, Antoine-Alexis
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur le docteur
Ce Mardi 20 8bre 1778
Monsieur le lieutenant Général de Police accepte le Jeudi 29 de ce mois, Jour que vous avés bien Voulu prendre pour notre rendès-vous à l’hôtel Royal des Invalides; J’aurai l’honneur d’aller vous prendre le matin, pour vous accompagner. Nous ne nous occuperons pas seulement du pain de pommes de terre, mais De tous les travaux relatifs à la Boulangerie, art qui est bien Eloignée de sa Perfection, sourtout parmi les Anglais; et que nos chers alliés les américains pourront y porter, en leurs communiquant l’ouvrage de M. Parmentier, que ce chymiste aura l’honneur de vous présenter. Je suis avec le plus profond respect Monsieur le docteur Votre très humble et bien obeissant serviteur
Cadet LE Jeune


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Richard Penn, Jr., 20 October 1778
From: Penn, Richard, Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir.
London Octobr. 20th. 1778.
   Nothing but Necessity cou’d have induc’d me to take the liberty of begging your Attention for a few moments, from those Various and important Affairs with which you are Entrusted and which you have Executed with so much Reputation to yourself, and Advantage to your Country. At the same time I am aware that the Name subscrib’d will not at first sight bias you much in favour of the Writer. Nevertheless I have too high an Opinion of your Character to Imagine that any Misunderstanding which might formerly have subsisted between you and any part of my Family in which I myself coud have had no Share will at all prejudice you against me or in any degree withhold you from lending me your Advice and perhaps Assistance upon the present Occasion. I flatter myself I have some slight ground to go upon in this Case, which I own I am most willing to catch at. I am Married to your late Ward the Eldest Miss Masters and have now living with me her younger Sister still under Age and of course in a manner claiming your Patronage as well as their Mother the Widow of your late Friend. From this connexion it is well known to you Sir that I possess a very considerable Property in the City of Philadelphia and its Environs besides two or three Valuable Estates of my own in the Province of Pennsylvania and a whole undivided Proprietary of New Jersey, yet with all this Property I have not been able for more than two years past to procure One Shilling from that Country nor have I during that time so much as recievd a line from my Friend and Agent Mr. Tench Francis who it is probable has at this very time a handsome Sum of Money belonging to me in his hands. The Purse I brought with me to England is nearly Exhausted tho’ it has been managed with the strictest Œconomy. I have not yet tried nor woud I willingly at present what American Security woud produce in this Country. I shoud think myself infinitely obligd to you if you coud point out to me, in what manner I coud procure either from America or in any other Way a Temporary Subsistance. I have not a doubt but that in time Matters will turn out much to the Advantage of Every body concern’d and connected with that Country, let me Entreat you Sir to favour me with an Answer to this letter under Cover to my Bankers Mesrs. Barclay Bevan & Co. No. 56 Lombard Street, in doing which you will lay a lasting Obligation upon One of the many who reveres your Character and admires your Ability. Give me leave to subscribe myself Dear Sir Your very sincere Friend
Richd. Penn


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Daniel Solander, 20 October 1778
From: Solander, Daniel
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
London Oct. 20. 1778
Permit me to introduce to You my Countryman Mr. John Alstroemer; He is one of my best and most intimate friends, whose thirst for Knowledge intitles him to any favor You can bestow on Him. If You have a few Moments to spare, You will find [him] very intelligent. I am with great regard Dear Sir Your most obedient humble servant
Dan. Solander
Dr Franklin


Title: American Prisoners in Dinan to the American Commissioners, 21 October 1778
From: American Prisoners at Dinan
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Gentlemen
Dennant Castle Octr: 21st: 1778
We the under Subscribed Persons having Received Your kind favour of the 15 Inst: who are the only [Santuaries?] under God we Rely on, nor do we desire our liberty from other hands than yours; being in Reallity Americans, who are farr from Imposeing upon Your Clemency (or this Goverment) and willing to Stand or fall by our Countrys Cause, as we are well assured of the Justness thereof, and Desire no Greater Happyness than to be set at liberty, and that You Gentlemen shoud Appoint us to be of Service thereto, for which we, as in Duty Bound will ever pray

Wm. Keating from Virginia

John Lemon—Pensylvania

Robt: Harrison—New England

Edward Driver—Do.

John Nicholass—Providence

Wm. Berry—Road Island

Abraham Fairman Conneticutt Government

John Williams—Do.

Robt: Bougass
}
Virginia

Jams: Hamdly

P.S. some of the above Subscribers, wrote some time ago, but are of Oppinion their letters Misscarryed, as the gave a full Acct. of themselves, & there is no Mention Made of them. We remain with due Respect your’s to Comd.

Addressed: Messieurs Franklin, Lee, & Adams / American Ambassadors at Passey / Near Pariss / a paris
Notations in different hands: From Dinant Prisoners Oct. 21. 78


Title: John Langdon to the American Commissioners, 21 October 1778: résumé
From: Langdon, John
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

<Portsmouth, N.H., October 21, 1778: Since the Courier de l’Europe, Captain Raffin, is ready to sail for Europe, I take the liberty of mentioning a matter advantageous to our allies and profitable to me. The British Navy was mostly furnished with masts from this port; lately I have sent to Boston all the masts for d’Estaing’s squadron. Please mention to the naval minister or any appropriate person that I will furnish the French navy with masts if someone in France will contract. My commission is 5% for the cargo and disbursements and 5% on the sale of articles sent for payment.>


Title: James Moylan to the American Commissioners, 21 October 1778
From: Moylan, James
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Honorable Gentlemen
L’Orient 21 October 1778
  Captain Thomas Bell in a private Vessel belonging to Philadelphia with Tobacco, is arrived here this moment from said Town, which he left the first, and it’s Bay the 10th of September last. He Brings dispatches both for you and for Government which the Commissary will forward for you with his Letters to Versailles. I therefore mention it that you may send for them on receipt. Time will not admit my saying more than  that. I remain truly Honorable Gentlemen Your assur’d humble Servant
James Moylan

P.S. I must add that Captain McNeill is justly uneasy about his Prisoners, they are yet all on board, and as he intends to sail next week, he must be under the necessity of giving them their liberty in case your orders to receive them, do not appear before his departure, for your government.
J.M.

Addressed: The Honorable Plenepotentiary / Ministers of the United States / of America / at / Passy
Endorsed by John Adams: Mr Moylan. ansd Oct. 27.
Notation: 21. Oct 78


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Barbeu-Dubourg, 21 October 1778
From: Barbeu-Dubourg, Jacques
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Mon cher Maitre
A Paris ce 21e. 8bre. 1778
Le Neveu d’un de mes bons Amis, jeune homme bien né, et bien elevé et qui se destine au commerce est pret à partir pour Charlestown dans la Sud Caroline. Je vous prie avec instance de vouloir lui donner quelque lettre de recommandation pour ce pays-là. Je vous en serai fort obligé. Je comptois avoir l’honneur de vous voir hier au College royal et de vous en parler, mais cela ne me fut pas possible; je compte reparer cela en allant au premier jour a Passy des le matin, d’autant plus que j’ai encore a vous faire souvenir de Messieurs Gregoire et de Maubaillarcq pour des Consulats. Vous reïtererai-je les assurances de mon inviolable et tendre attachement? J’espere, que vous n’en doutez point
Dubourg

Addressed: To Dr. franklin Passy
Notation: Dubourg Paris 21. 8bre 1778.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ———, 21 October 1778
From: ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin

ce 21 8bre. 1778
Monsieur franklin est suplié de vouloir bien se rappeller l’Engagement pris avec Madame helvetius de diner aujourdhuy mercredy a auteüil chez M. hebere ou il sera toujours desiré avec la meme ardeur.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur franklin / a Passy


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to the Abbé Martin Lefebvre de La Roche, [21 October 1778]
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: La Roche, Martin Lefebvre, abbé de

[October 21, 1778]
M. Franklin n’oublie jamais aucune Partie ou Me. Helvetius doit être. Il croit même, que s’il etoit engagé d’aller à Paradis ce matin, il ferai Supplication d’ètre permis de rester sur terre jusqu’à une heure et demi, pour reçevoir l’Embrassade qu’elle a bien voulu lui promettre en le rencontrant chez M. Turgot.

Addressed: A Monsr. / Monsieur l’Abbé de la Roche / Auteuil


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from George Swaller, 21 October 1778
From: Swaller, George
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Denan Octor 21st, 1778
This is to inform I am and American Born in Baltimore and served my time to the say to Mr. Isaac Vanbevres Justice of Peace living upon falspoint. And I was taken in a Brig called the rizing States taken by the Terrible a Ship of 74 Guns belonging to the Englinsh and was sent to the Aspital being unwel from whench I made my Escape and was taken by the press Gang and sent on Board the fox where I remained untill I was taken By the Junon Frigate belonging to the French. And I take this opertunity of writing to you to let you know I want to serve my native Country as I have a Wife in Philadelphia living in Shippen Street she is the Daughter to Joseph Hunter and I was in Mr. Colwels employment during the time I lived in Philadelphia. I would have sent my Name along with the rest of the Men only I was in another Castle from them and did not know untill after they had sent it. So I take this opertunity of writing to your Honour in hopes it would answer as well. So I hope your Honour will send me home to my Country once more and no more at present from your Humble servant
George Swaller

Addressed: Mr Franklen Agent for / the United States of America / in / Paris
Endorsed: Geo Swaller Prisoner, Dinan Octobre 27. 1778.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Vergennes, 21 October 1778
From: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

A Versailles le 21. 8bre. 1778.
J’ai reçu, Monsieur, la lettre que vous m’avez fait l’honneur de m’écrire hier. Je connois assez les dispositions presentes de la Hollande pour croire que votre presence n’y avanceroit pas plus vos affaires que le fait l’ami secret avec lequel vous étes en Correspondance. Vous avez sans doute beaucoup de Partisans dans cette republique qui font des voeux pour le succes des Etats unis de l’amerique, mais il faut le Concours des differentes provinces pour former une resolution, et je ne crois pas que leur reunion fut possible pour conclure le traité reciproque qu’on veut bien ébaucher, mais qu’on ne vous dissimule pas qu’on ne signera que lorsque les Etats Unis auront obtenus de l’Angleterre la Reconnoissance de leur Independance. J’ai l’honneur d’etre avec un sincere attachement, Monsieur, votre tres humble et très obeissant serviteur
(signé) De Vergennes
M. Franklin


Title: The Continental Congress to Louis XVI: Letter of Credence for Franklin as Minister Plenipotentiary to France, [21 October 1778]
From: Continental Congress
To: Louis XVI

Great faithful and well beloved Friend and Ally
[October 21, 1778]
The Principles of Equality and Reciprocity on which you have entered into Treaties with us, give you an additional security for that good Faith with which we shall observe them from Motives of Honor and of Affection to Your Majesty. The distinguished Part you have taken in the support of the Liberties and Independence of these States cannot but inspire them with the most ardent Wishes for the Interest and the Glory of France. We have nominated Benjamin Franklin Esqr. to reside at your Court in Quality of our Minister Plenipotentiary that he may give you more particular Assurances of the grateful Sentiments which you have excited in us and in each of the united States. We beseech you to give entire Credit to every Thing which he shall deliver on our Part especially when he shall assure you of the Permanency of our Friendship. And we pray God that he will keep your Majesty our Great faithful and beloved Friend and Ally in his most holy Protection. Done at Philadelphia the [blank in MS] Day of [blank in MS] 1778. By the Congress of the united States of North America your good Friends and Allies.
H.L. PresidentCha Thomson Secy
To Our Great Faithful & Beloved Friend & Ally Louis the sixteenth King of France & Navarre


Title: The American Commissioners to Ralph Izard, 22 October 1778
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Izard, Ralph

Sir
Passi Oct. 22. 1778
We have just now the Honour of a Lettre from M. De Sartine dated the 19, which We suppose is his Excellencys Ultimatum concerning your Effects taken in the Nile, and We therefore take the earliest opportunity to inclose you a Copy of it that you may be able to take your Measures in Consequence of it, in which We suppose there is no Time to be lost. We have the Honour to be with great Respect, Sir your most humble and obedient Servants.
The Hon. Ralph Izzard Esq.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Vergennes, 22 October 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de

Sir
Passy, Oct. 22. 1778
I am perfectly of the same Sentiments with your Excellency respecting Count d’Estaign. I know his Zeal for the Cause, and have a high Opinion of his Abilities. I have therefore not the least doubt but that his going to Boston was a Measure absolutely necessary, and will appear to be for the common Good. We just now learn that our Troops on Rhodeisland had made good their Retreat without the Loss of a Man. I have the honour to be with great Respect, Your Excellency’s most obedient and most humble Servant
B Franklin
His Excellency the Count de Vergennes.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Richard Bache, 22 October 1778
From: Bache, Richard
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear and Honored Sir
Philadelphia October 22. 1778
My last to you was dated in July, which I sent via Boston, and Copy via Maryland. I have not had the pleasure of a Line from you since, except the introductory Letter you honored me with, by the hands of Mr. Gerard, which he sent into the Country to me, where I remain’d with my family ’till about a Month ago, when we moved bag and baggage into Town, with the pleasing hope, that we should not again be obliged to quit it. In my last I mentioned my fears, that Captain Frederick de Wernecke, whom you commissioned me to inquire after, had perished; but I have lately learned, and have the pleasure to assure you and his Relations, that not long ago he was alive and well, at Williamsburg in Virginia, in which State he holds a Commission, and has resided for some time past. Mr. Lutterloh’s answer to the Count de Wittgenstein’s demand is, (as I mentioned in my last) that he had remitted the money to his Wife in England, with directions to her to pay it, but he thought the Count’s demand had not been so much. I have not had time to inquire into the Duchess de Melforts Business in the Jerseys, I hope soon to have an opportunity of doing it. I wish I could hear from you respecting the Types I have so often wrote to you about, telling you that I had sold them to the State of Virginia, and that it is left to you to fix the price, as I knew nothing of their cost or value. The Six cases of Types made use of for the printing the continental Money Congress have taken, and I am much at a loss what to charge them for them. I should be glad therefore to hear from you on this subject, and you will be pleased when you are fixing the prices of these articles, to attend to the depreciation of our money, which I am sorry to observe is as Six to one. Where this evil will stop, unless the Enemy leave the Continent soon, I know not. I congratulate you upon your being appointed Minister Plenepotentiary to the Court of France, this must give great pleasure to your Friends Messrs. Izard, Lees &ca. who, I hear, are very profuse in their abuse of you, and are taking and persuing every method to injure you on this side the water; their efforts I trust will prove inefficacious. I am informed they lay some stress upon your employing as a private Secretary your Grandson, whom they hold out as unfit to be trusted because of his fathers principles; this has been hinted to me; but whether this be so or not, sure I am, that this was an argument made use of by your friend Mr. Roberdeau, upon the votes being called for on your late appointment, and he had influence enough to carry the vote against you for this state, and it seems pretty remarkable that this State was the only one that voted against you on this question. Mr. Roberdeau also urged the same reasons against the exchange of Governor Franklin, “he had a son living with you, and much evil might ensue to the United States.” I must acquit your friend Mr. Morris from the imputation of suffering any such weak reasons to influence his mind, but there was a majority in the State against him. Governor Franklin however is exchanged, and I expect is gone, or will shortly go for England. Inclosed you have the first Bills of four sets of Exchange for 486 Dollars, being a years Interest on 8100 Dollars in the Loan office, from the 10th. Septr. 1777 to 10 Septr. 1778. The Interest accruing antecedent to that date I received in Continental money, and have passed to your Credit, this mode is persued in paying off Interest to every body else.
Since writing the above I have had an opportunity of conversing with Mr. Deane, who has shewn me what he calls a translation of Izards and Lee’s Letters, which he purposes sending to you; I shall endeavor to see the originals, and if possible get copies of them to send to you by some other opportunity. Mr. Deane has convinced me that the Junto here lay great stress, in their operations against you, on Temple’s being so near you, and that they have had some thoughts of bringing in a motion to have him removed at a distance from you; this is perhaps too delicate a point for me to touch upon, but I trust you know me well enough to view it in the light I mean it, and to believe that my mentioning it to you is the result of a tender and virtuous principle. Sally writes by this conveyance to you and dear Ben, she will give you an account of the situation of the family, I was pretty full on this subject the last time I wrote. This I hope will be handed you by the Marquis De Fayette, who returns to his own Country crowned with Laurels; the reputation he has established in this Country as a Soldier and a Gentleman, will I trust render him ten times dearer to his friends and connections in his own. I have not had the honor of being much acquainted with him, but this I know for certain, that his charactor stands high among us. My Love to Temple and Ben. Accept yourself my dutifull Regards, and believe me to be Dear Sir, Your ever affectionate Son
Rich. Bache

P.S. In one of your Letters recd. some time ago, you hinted at some commercial advantages that might be thrown in my way, but have never since touched upon the subject. All I can say is, that I should be very glad to embrace any offers of that kind, for my Salary as P.M. General will scarcely afford me Salt to my Porridge.
Dr. Benjn. Franklin

Notations in different hands: Rich. Bache phyladelphia 22m. 8bre. 1778. / Bache Rich. 22, 8bre. 1778. Bills of setts for 286
486
    5
  2430


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Francis Hopkinson, 22 October 1778
From: Hopkinson, Francis
To: Franklin, Benjamin

My dear Friend.
Philada. 22d. Octr. 1778.
Had I consulted my own Inclinations more than your Ease, you should have frequently heard from me since you left us; but knowing your Correspondence to be extensive and your Engagements important, I have avoided offering myself to your Notice lest I should intrude on more weighty Concerns. I would not, however, carry this Delicacy so far as to run the Hazard of being entirely forgot by one who was my Father’s Friend to the last, and whom I am very proud to call mine. A Continuance of your Regard will be a real Gratification to me and flatter my Vanity, as I can truly say I both love and honour you. I have suffered much by the Invasion of the Goths and Vandals. I was obliged to fly from my House at Borden Town with my Family and leave all my Effects in Statu quo; the Savages plundered me to their Heart’s Content, but I do not repine, as I do really esteem it an honour to have suffered in my Country’s Cause and in Support of the Rights of human Nature, and of civil Society. I have not Abilities to assist our rightious Cause by personal Prowess and Force of Arms, but I have done it all the service I could with my Pen, throwing in my Mite at Times in Prose and Verse, serious and satirical Essays &ca. The Congress have been pleased to appoint me Treasurer of Loans, for the United States with a Salary of 2000 Dollars. Could our Money recover it’s former Value, I should think this a handsome Appointment—as it is, it is a Subsistance.
Mrs. Bache has been so good as to lend me your portable Electrical Apparatus, which I have got in excellent Order, and shall take great Care of; it is a great Amusement to me, and I hope you will not be offended with her and me for this Liberty. I wish to borrow also your little Air Pump, which is at present much out of Order, but I will clean it and put it to Rights if she will let me have it. Whatever she lends me shall be punctually restored on Demand, in good Repair. N.B. Your Gim-cracks have suffered much by the late Usurpers of our City. But I will not detain you longer with my uninteresting Chat. Sincerely wishing you a long Continuance of Health and Ease, and all the solid Comforts which a good Man enjoys in the decline of Life, I am, dear Sir, Your ever affectionate and unfeigned Friend
Fras Hopkinson
Dr. Franklin

Notation: fras hopkinson. Phyladelphie 22. aout[sic] 1778.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Louis-Félix Guynement de Keralio-Luxembourg, 22 October 1778
From: Keralio-Luxembourg, Louis-Félix Guynement de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Jeudi 22. 8bre 1778
J’ay l’honneur d’assurer Monsieur franklin de Mon Respect Très humble, et de le prier de vouloir bien me faire part des Nouvelles qu’on m’a dit qu’il a Reçues d’Amerique, afin que Je les fasse passer a Madame La Comtesse Douairiere de Deux Ponts et au Chevr. de Keralio mon frere.
Monsieur franklin peut m’envoyer ces Nouvelles en Anglois ou en françois, selon qu’il lui sera plus commode.
De Keralio

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur franklin chez M. de Chaumont / A Passy
Notation: De Keralio Paris 22e 8bre. 1778


Title: Richard Grinnell to the American Commissioners, 23 October 1778
From: Grinnell, Richard
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

on Board the General Mifflen Oct. the. 23d 1778
It is with Pleasure that I Can Inform your honnours that this Day a Rived heare the Brigg Interprise Capt. Paul Peas from London Bound to the Braizels. She was Taken by Belpoole french frigate of thirty two Guns. I have the pleasure of Informeing your honnours that Capt. Francis Macy in the Ship Pitt from London was Taken the Same time by the Venger french man of war of 64 Guns and one other of the whalemen at Same time name not Known. The Ship Pitt is the Ship I Came from Rhodisland in. I have been on Board the Prise. The Poast is Just going. Excuse hast. Capt. Mackneile will not Sail Soon. I am your honnours obedent. Servant
Richd. Grinnell

Addressed: To / The / Honourable / Beniaman Franklen / Arthur Lee and Adams / att Passy Near Parris
Notation: Capt. Grinnell Oct. 23. 78.


Title: The Massachusetts General Court to the American Commissioners, 23 October 1778
From: Massachusetts General Court
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

May it please your Honors,
Council Chamber BostonOctr. 23d. 1778
Agreeable to the Directions of the Genl. Assembly of this State, I do myself the Honor to transmit One hundred Copies of An Act intitled “An Act to prevent the return to this State of certain persons named and described and others who have left the same and joined our inveterate and Cruel Enemies;” in Order that the same may be made public for their Government. Doubtless many of those mentioned in said Act, since they have found that the low Arts and Wicked Designs of our Enemies have been frustrated, will have that Modesty peculiar to themselves to Attempt a return; but I hope if they should be so daring, that Just Vengeance of our Countrymen will fall upon them. Your Honors will perceive that I am directed to transmit five hundred Copies of said Act, which I shall endeavour to comply with by five different Opportunities. I am with every sentiment of Esteem Your Honors, most Obedient and very humble Servant
John Avery, Dy. secy.

Addressed: (On Public Service) / Their Excellency’s / Benjamin Franklin, Arthur Lee and / John Adams Esqrs. / Commissioners at the Court of France / Paris
Notations in different hands: Jn. Avery Oct 23. 78 / D. Secretary, Mass: Bay.


Title: Pierre Rïou to the American Commissioners, 23 October 1778
From: Rïou, Pierre
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Messieurs
Brest Le 23e 8bre 1778.
Le Sr. Riou ainé Neg[ocian]t a Brest et Interprette Breveté pour les affaires de Sa Majesté seulement a l’honneur de remontrer tres humblement a Messieurs Les Plenipotentiaires des Etats unies de L’amerique, que Le Corsaire ameriquain Le Hamden de Piscatua sous le commandement de thomas Pickeren Esqr. arivé en ce port y a fait conduire le 6. de ce Mois une Prise par Luy faitte le 2e du present sous pavillon et Commission angloise en Datte du 29e du passé. La meme Raison qui a Doné Lieu a la vante sans formalité de justice, de la prise Le Lord Chatham conduitte precedemment en ce Port par La fregatte des Etats unies Le Ranger a authorisé Le Dit Capne Pickeren a Disposer de Sa Dite prise et Carguaison en consequence m’a muny d’un Pouvoir d’en traiter. Au Dessus de quoy J’ay Recu des offres de Gré a Gré et aÿ contracté le 16. de ce Mois pour le Batiment et Carguaison avec des Neg[ocian]ts de cette ville.
Messieurs de L’amirauté de cette ville me notifierent hier ainsÿ qu’au Dit Capne Pickeren un Extrait d’une Declaration du Roy, du 27e 7bre Dernier, qui n’a eté enregistré que de hier a Leur Greffe par Laquelle il appert qu’a l’avenir Les Vantes et Livraison de Prises faitte par Les Corsaires des Etats unies se feront du consentement et en presance des Dits officiers de L’amirauté.
Permettes moÿ de vous observer que L’Enregistrement de cette Declaration etant posterieure a La Vante et Livraison faitte par Le Capne Pickeren, il semble qu’elle ne Doit pas avoir un effet Retroactif capable D’annuler une vante et Livraison faitte precedemment.
Si L’on Met cette Declaration a execution le Capne Pickeren va se trouver arreté. Il ne peut Donc Mieux faire Dans la Circonstance que de Reclamer votre Justice pour qu’il vous plaise Luy procurer par le Retour du Courier une ordre du Ministre de la Marine qui Deffende a Messieurs les officiers de L’amirauté ou tout autre pretandant de former D’obstacle a son Depart et a La Rantrée d’une partie de fonds qui Luy sont Dus par Billets et qui Le Mettroit Dans la Dure Necessité de ne pouvoir faire face aux Depances considerables de sa Relache pour Victualles et Equipement. Noté Je vous prie que L’equipage a Deja Recu de Grandes avances acompte de Leur parts de Prise et qu’il y auroit de L’impossibilité a Leur faire Retourner ce qu’ils ont Reçu si cette Declaration aneantissoit la vante faitte le 16e ou que par quelque autre Reglements Inconnu La proprieté entiere du Batiment Leur fut Disputée. Remarqué aussy que ce batiment La Constance de Bordeaux prise Dont il est question avoit eté pris par un corsaire de Guernezey Le 29e 7bre sur les francois et que ce Batiment est Dans le meme cas que L’une des Prises conduite a Lorient par le Capne Mac Niels du General Miffling.
Vos Instructions Relativement au Retard Considerable et a la perte Evidente et Inexprimable que souffriroit Les armateurs Le Capne et L’Equipage du Corsaire le hamden de 22. canons et de 120. hommes d’equipage, si son expedition etoit Retardée paroissant Meriter votre attantion, me Done Lieu D’Esperer qu’aiant Egard a La Demande que j’ay L’honneur de vous faire au Nom de L’armateur, Du Capne et de L’equipage en General, vous aurez pour agreable de m’honorer de votre prompte Reponse sous le couvert de Mr. Faisolle de ville Blanche Commissaire ordonateur de la Marine. Ce qu’attandant J’ay l’honneur D’etre avec Le Respect possible Messieurs Votre tres humble tres obeissant serviteur
Riou ainé

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Le Dr. Franklin / A Passi
Notation: Riou ainé. Brest 23. oct. 78.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ——— Dumoulin, 23 October 1778
From: Dumoulin, ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur,
Paris 23. 8bre 1778
Madame la Comtesse De chateaurenault, belle mere de M. le Comte D’Estaing desirerait avoir l’honneur de vous voir, permettés moy d’avoir celuy de vous demander, si elle vous trouvera chés vous, demain L’aprés midy, à cinq heures. Je suis avec respect, Monsieur, Votre trés humble et trés obeissant serviteur
Dumoulin
Monsieur Franklin

Notation: Dumoulin Paris 23. 8bre 1778.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Daniel Hopkins, 23 October 1778
From: Hopkins, Daniel
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir,
Boston Octr. 23d 1778.
I take the Liberty to inform you that I have a Brother in Law among the American Prisoners in England, his Name is John Palmer; he was captured about 18 months since.
I can think of no way to effect his Liberation, except thro’ your Influence. I sincerely wish your Interposition in the affair. Confiding in your Disposition to use the best means to effect so desirable an Event, am with great Respect, Your most obedient Servant,
Danl. Hopkins.Member of the Council.
Honle. Benjamin Franklin Esqr

Addressed: (On Public Service) / Honble Benja. Franklin Esqr. / France


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Samuel Nuttle, 23 October 1778
From: Nuttle, Samuel
To: Franklin, Benjamin

My Lord
Havre de Grace 23d. October 1778 at the house ofD. Chauvel & fils
In Consequence of the Protection, which your Lordship was pleased to grant to me, I have obtain’d justice from the Court of France; Mr. Necker Director General of the finance has judged irregular the Seizure made on the 14 Guns on Board the Two Brothers, and has order’d the Custom house Officers to deliver them up. Upon my going to receive them I was surprized to find, that they wanted me to pay the Charges, which they themselves had occationed, which I don’t think myself bound to pay as the seizure has been acknoleg’d injust and against the ordinance. Nevertheless if it is your Lordships approbation, I shall be ready Not only to pay them, but also lay aside all demand for the Damages they have occationed me. M. Tommasine has assured me, that it was not the Director General’s Intentions, that I should pay the Charges; I mean M. Necker to whom this affair concerns and Not to M. de Sartine.
I also take the Liberty to Lay before your Lordship that ’though I receive the Guns I shall not be able to go on in arming the Vessel, for want of a possitive order from M. Necker to this Custom-house to let me put on board all Nessacary Amunition and arms. This is what I humbly request of your Lordship. I am with the Greatest Respect My Lord Your Lordships Most Obedient Humble Servant
Samuel Nuttle


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Genet, 24 October 1778
From: Genet, Edme-Jacques
To: Franklin, Benjamin

V[ersai]lles oct 24 [1778]
Genet takes the respectful liberty to transmit to his Honour M. Franklin several very interesting papers from the Royal american Gazette. He would be exceedingly Happy, for the affection he has to the américan Cause, if he could enrich his next number (58) of the affaires d’angleterre, with the just and pointed observations that will offer themselves to His honour while reading these papers, wherein are such aspersions and Lyes as deserve the animadversion of all persons having to heart the interest of truth and the success and crédit of the alliance.
His honour’s observations would be made use of by M. Genet, as from some writer in London without mentioning at all His Honours name, that deserves to appear in a more ennobled field.
M. Genet is sure the Count de Vergennes, would not be displeased with it: on the contrary. Undoubtedly the next courier de l’Europe will report all these papers translated into French for every body here and elsewhere to read—it is fit the field of battle shou’d not remain to the English and it wou’d, till the american papers in answer to the Commissioners, either by W.H. Drayton or other able pens, could arrive in Europe. It is therefore necessary that something be said on that account.

Notation: Genet


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jean-François Fournier fils, 24 October 1778
From: Fournier, Jean-François, fils
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
de Paris ce 24. d’Octobre 1778.
J’ai l’honneur de vous prévenir que vôtre fonte de Gros Romain et l’italique est finie. Elle pèse le tout ensemble assorties, de cadrats, et espaces, deux cent soixante et une livres, à vingt quatre sols la livre sera la somme de trois cent treize livres quatre sols. Marqué moi s’il vous plait comment on vous l’envera si vous jugez à propos que je la fasse emballé dans deux boëte pour l’envoyer a sa destination, comme il vous plaira. Je m’aquiterai de vos ordres ce qu’attandant j’ai l’honneur d’être avec le plus profond respect Monsieur Votre trés humble et trés obeissant serviteur
J.F. Fournier FILSrüe du foin St. jacquevisavis la rüe Boutbrie à paris

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Le Docteur / Francklin, même Maison de / Mr. chaumon / à Passy
Endorsed: Fournier fils


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Thomas Paine, 24 October 1778
From: Paine, Thomas
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Honored Sir
Philadelphia Oct. 24th. 1778
I congratulate you on your accession to the State of Minister Plenipotentiary. Could you have lived to fill a particular point in the Circle of human Affairs, it would have been That to which you are now so honorably called.

We rub and drive on, all things considered beyond what could ever be expected, and instead of wondering why some things have not been done better, the greater wonder is we have done so well. As I wish to render the History of this Revolution as compleat as possible I am unwilling to begin it too soon, and should be glad to consult you first, because the real Motives of the British King and Ministry in commencing the War will form a considerable political Part. I am sufficiently perswaded myself that they wished for a Quarrel and intended to annex America to the Crown of England as a Conquered Country; they had no doubt of Victory and hoped for what they might call a Rebellion, but we have not, on this Side the Water, sufficient proof of This at present. I intend to embellish it with plates of heads Plans &c which likewise cannot be perfected here.
I enjoy thank God a good Share of health and hopes and tho’ my Situation is no ways advantageous, it is nevertheless agreeable. I have the pleasure of being respected and I feel a little of that satisfactory kind of pride that tells me I have some right to it. I am not much harried in the Secretary department, and have sufficient leisure for any thing else.
At this Time the public expectations run high on the Enemy quitting New York, but for what or where is all uncertain, neither do I beleive they know what to do themselves.
The Marquiss de Fayette returns with the warmest Thanks from this Country. His Amiable and benevolent Manners have been a living contradiction to the narrow spirited declarations of the British Commissioners. He happily returns in safety, which, considering the exposures he has gone thro’, is rather to be wondered at.
A large Detachment is Sailed from N. york Destination unknown—probably for Boston, but as you will receive later Information than this Letter can Convey, any thing which I may mention will be of little use. I am, with every wish for your happiness Your obliged and Affectionate Humble Servant
T Paine
Please to presant my Compts. to your Grandsons.

Addressed: His Excellency / Benjamin Franklin / Paris / Favor / Marquis de Fayette
Endorsed: Mr Paine Oct. 24. 78
Notation: Mr. Paine


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Elizabeth Hubbart Partridge, 24 October 1778[–2 January 1779]
From: Partridge, Elizabeth Hubbart
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honored and Ever Dear Papah
Boston Octr 24 1778 [–January 2, 1779]
Allow me to Address you by that Tender Appilation: which you once Intitled me to Use; and to thank you for your Agreeable Favour of Feby: 28. Could you know the Pleasure that Every line from you gave me, I flatter my Self I should be Offener indulged with Hearing from you, as I know you Delight in Communicating Pleasure; even to the Undeserving.
I waited along Time to give you an Account of some Signial Success of Our Armes: but the Letter I wrote you, with the Account of the Monmouth Battle and General Lee’s Disgrace was taken. I again enclose the Paper, as their is a possibility that it may not have Reached you.

I Love, I almost Adore the French Ladies, for their kindness to you; but let me Intreet you my Dear Papah not to let that Influence you to stay One Day longer in France, then the Servis of your Country Requieres: beleive me their is Hundreds hear as Amiable that are Impatient to Render you every Servis. I have One very Amiable Girl that with her Mamah longs to see, and Converse with you: She desiers I would Present her Respectfull Regards to you.
I had the Pleasure to hear from Aunt Mecome a few Days sence. She with your Neice and all Our other Friends their ware Well. I hear by a Gentleman from Phila. that Cousin Beach and Family were Well, and that She has another Fine Babey, on which I Congratulate you; I Wish their was a Thousand of them, and all as Good as I think their Grand Papah.
I enclose you the late Papers and their is no thing New, but what they Contain, Except that is generally beleived, that the Kings Troops are Leaving New York.
I send you all the News I can Collect: and you once Told me, their was no Trade without a Return, then Sir let me beg the Favour of you, if you have any thing New that is proper to be known; that you would Communicate it to me: my best Friend: is a Sincere freind to the Libertyes of his Country, Anxiously Concern’d for his Welfair, and Curious in his Enquieries, so that to have an Opportunity to give him satisfaction Will quite double the Pleasure I feal.
Mr. Partridge presents his Respectfull Regards to you, and would think him self Happy in an Acquaintance with you: I am not yet out of hopes of your fulfiling your Promis, of Spending eight, or Ten Dayes with Us, in the little Roome on the Wall.
Brother’s and Sister desier their affectionate Regards may be presented to you.
That whatchfull Angles may Gard your Preacious Life, and that Health and every other Blessing may attend you is the Ardent Prayer of Dear Sir Your affectionate Daughter
Eliza: Partridge

P.S. You have told me, that postscrip’s ware generally more attended to then the Letter. I theirfore take the Liberty in a postcrip to beg the Favour of your Picture in Miniture; of a Size proper to Ware on the Neck, in as good a Frame as you can get, (I wish I could afford to Decorrate it with Diamonds) and let me know the Cost, and I will Remitt it, to you, with Greatfull thank’s.
E P

Jan. 2 1779
The enclos’d Petition is from Our Worthy Friend, Mr. John Green, any Servis that you can Render him in his Way, will be Serving the Publick; and very much oblige one of the Best of Men, and your Humble Servant. Though this scrawl has waited so long for a Conveyance I have nothing new but what the enclosed Papers furnish and the Compliments of the Season.

Endorsed: Mrs Patridge
Notation: Eliza. Patridge Boston 24 8bre. 1778.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ——— Demolon, 25 October 1778: résumé
From: Demolon, ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Moulins en Bourbonnois, October 25, 1778, in French: I have a brother in Nantes who makes a living by his knowledge of mathematical and geometric principles. Capt. Le Maire, who has a commission to bring artillery and men of talent to Virginia, solicits him to enter the service of that state. He flatters my brother that you and Mr. Lee would provide letters of recommendation, should he decide to go, and that he would be assured of the rank of captain of artillery, even though he would only be expected to occupy himself with geometry. I think my brother is too casual about the proposition; he is virtually prepared to leave without an adequate understanding of the chance he is taking in this expatriation. Would you kindly inform me of your intentions so that I can better advise him?>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Aimé (Amé)-Ambroise-Joseph Feutry, 25 October 1778
From: Feutry, Aimé-Ambroise-Joseph
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Ce 25. 8bre. 1778.
M. Schedel, négociant de Nuremberg en franconie, établi à Rouen, connu à La manufacture du Clos-Le-Prestre, desire d’avoir l’honneur d’assurer Monsieur Franklin de son respect, et de Lui faire quelques propositions etc.
Feutry Lui a promis de l’informer du moment où M. Franklin pourra L’entendre.

Endorsed: Schedel Manufacturier


Title: Franklin or Arthur Lee (?) to Genet, [c. 26 October 1778]
From: Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur
To: Genet, Edme-Jacques

[c. October 26, 1778]
On October 24 Genet wrote each of the commissioners asking a response to a number of articles in a New York loyalist newspaper. The Affaires in its cahier dated October 26 (but probably published somewhat later) printed three such responses. The third of these (pp. ccxl–ccxlvii) was a translation of Adams’ and is published in the Papers of John Adams. The first (pp. ccxxvi–ccxxxv) is written in such a pedestrian style (and contains historical inaccuracies) that it could scarcely have been composed by Franklin. We publish the second which might well have been written by either Franklin or Lee.

No. II.
On dit que le Diable cite quelque fois l’Ecriture Sainte pour en venir à ses fins. D’après ce principe nous voyons les Commissaires de la Grande-Bretagne citer dans leurs remontrances au Congrès du 7 Août “les moyens imaginés par les hommes pour adoucir les horreurs de la guerre, pour faciliter le rétablissement de la paix, la foi des cartels, des capitulations militaires, des conventions et traités qu’on stipule même pendant la continuation des hostilités.”
Si le Congrès veut bien se donner la peine de répondre à cette réquisition, il lui sera tres-aisé de faire voir que les Généraux Anglois ont follement rompu pendant toute la guerre chacun des traités et conventions qui avoient été signés. Le Général Gage a violé ouvertement une convention solemnelle en retenant un grand nombre d’Habitans de Boston après qu’ils eurent rendu leurs armes, comme une condition en vertu de laquelle il devoit leur être permis de sortir de la Ville avec leurs effets.
Les Soldats Américains faits prisonniers par capitulations au fort des Cèdres dans le Canada sont un autre exemple bien frappant du peu de respect qu’ont les Anglois pour les capitulations. Ils souffrirent que ces misérables prisonniers fussent écharpés et égorgés par les Sauvages aussitôt qu’ils se furent rendus.
Ce fait parut d’une atrocité si révoltante, que le Congrès se crut obligé d’en faire informer, et après avoir reçu les preuves les plus évidentes, il prit les résolutions suivantes le 10 Juillet 1776.
Arrêté que les Anglois, en pillant le bagage des soldats de la garnison des Cèdres, en les dépouillant de leurs habits et en livrant ces soldats aux Sauvages, ont violé la capitulation.
Arrêté qu’en massacrant les prisonniers de guerre ils ont manifestement et inhumainement outragé les loix de la nature et le droit des gens, que les auteurs, fauteurs et instigateurs de cette barbarie mériteroient d’être punis séverement.
Arrêté que si l’ennemi se permettoit à l’avenir de pareils actes de violence, en mettant à mort, tourmentant ou maltraitant de toute autre maniere quelconque les prisonniers détenus chez lui, on aura recours aux représailles comme le seul moyen de prévenir l’éffusion du sang humain.
Le Congrès crut qu’il étoit convenable de menacer d’agir de représailles. Mais les prisonniers Anglois bien loin d’en avoir été la victime n’ont au contraire reçu pour tous traitemens que ceux que l’humanité croit devoir aux malheureux. Après ces observations sur les procédés de l’armée Angloise et sur les résolutions que le Congrès a prises en conséquence, il étoit suffisamment autorisé à ne rendre aucun compte des motifs qu’il a eu de retenir l’armée du Général Burgoyne. Mais dans cette circonstance comme dans toutes les autres, il n’a agi que d’après les principes les plus vertueux.
Sans publier, à l’instar des Commissaires Anglois, une suite de maximes rebatues et de lieux communs sur la foi due aux Traités et aux Capitulations, il connoissoit toute la force de ces Traités et il auroit rempli en tout point la convention faite avec le Général Burgoyne, si celui-ci ne l’avoit déclarée rompue sous les plus frivoles prétextes. La conduite ultérieure du Général Anglois a donné les plus fortes raisons de croire que son intention étoit d’agir comme si la convention eût été réellement rompue de la part des Américains et de joindre son armée à celle du Général Howe. Le 8 du mois de Janvier dernier le Congrès a exposé de la maniere la plus ample et la plus satisfaisante les motifs de sa conduite; ils ont été rendus publics et il n’y a pas d’homme raisonnable qui ne les ait approuvés. Son arrêté finit de la manière suivante:
L’accusation faite par le Lieutenant général Burgoyne dans sa lettre au Major général Gates du 14 Novembre, d’une violation de foi publique de la part de ces Etats, n’est fondée sur aucune expression des articles de la Convention de Saratoga; cette accusation dévoile pleinement l’intention du Général Burgoyne, et elle donne de justes sujets de craindre qu’il ne se serve de cette prétendue infraction à la convention pour se dégager lui et l’armée à ses ordres de l’obligation où ils se trouvent à l’égard de ces Etats-unis; et la sureté que ces Etats ont eue dans l’honneur personnel du Général Burgoyne, étant détruite par-là. En conséquence, arrêté que l’embarquement du Lieutenant général Burgoyne et des troupes à ses ordres, sera suspendu jusqu’à ce qu’une ratification claire et formelle de la convention de Saratoga soit convenablement notifiée au Congrès par la Cour de la Grande-Bretagne.
La Cour de la Grande-Bretagne n’a point fait la notification qui est requise ici. D’après tout ce que les Commissaires du Roi ont déjà publié, il ne paroit pas même qu’ils soient autorisés à faire des ouvertures relativement à cette affaire. Une partie de l’armée du Général Burgoyne consistoit en Canadiens, qui en vertu de la convention de Saratoga ont été renvoyés dans leur pays. Il est stipulé par l’Article IX de cette convention que ces Canadiens seront tenus, ainsi que les autres troupes, de ne point servir pendant la guerre actuelle dans l’Amérique Septentrionale. Personne n’ignore que le Général Carleton a traité avec mépris la susdite convention, et qu’il a forcé tous ceux qui avoient été renvoyés de faire le même service militaire auquel ils auroient été assujettis, s’il n’y avoit pas eu de capitulation. Il faut que les Commissaires Anglois soient petris d’impudence pour s’étendre comme ils le font sur la foi et le respect dûs aux traités, tandis que l’objet de leur voyage en Amérique et de leur conduite depuis qu’ils y sont arrivés, a été de persuader au Congrès de violer les Traités qu’il a solemnellement contractés avec la France. Pour parvenir à leur but, il n’y a pas de ressorts qu’ils n’ayent fait jouer. La flatterie a été la premiere arme qu’ils ont essayée. Ils ont dit aux Membres du Congrès que Rome et l’ancienne Grece ne pouvoient pas se vanter d’avoir produits de si grands hommes que ceux qui composoient le Sénat Américain. Lorsqu’ils ont vu que la vertu de nos Sénateurs ne se laissoit point ébranler par des éloges aussi fades, ils ont eu recours à des moyens qui depuis long-tems passent pour infaillibles dans la Grande Bretagne. La corruption, cette grande pierre de touche de la vertu, a été mise en usage. Mais cet écueil contre lequel tant de prétendus patriotes ont échoué, n’a point été dangereux pour le Congrès; et le Corrupteur a été dénoncé publiquement à l’univers comme un objet de mépris pour tous les honnêtes gens. On doit naturellement s’attendre que lorsque les Commissaires Anglois auront reconnu que le Congrès ne peut se laisser vaincre par les armes qui en Europe portent presque toujours des coups irrésistibles, ils abandonneront la partie, et qu’ils commenceront à dire des injures et se montreront dignes Représentans de leurs Constituans, les Ministres Britanniques, qui en toute occasion n’ont jamais joué que le rôle le plus bas et le plus méprisable.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to David Hartley, 26 October 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Hartley, David

My Dear Friend
Oct. 26. 1778.
I received yours without Date, containing an old Scotch Sonnet full of natural Sentiment and beautiful Simplicity, I cannot make an entire application of it to present Circumstances; but taking it in Parts, and changing Persons, some of it is extreamly a propos. First Jenie may be supposed old England and Jamie America. Jenie laments the Loss of Jamie, and recollects with Pain his Love for her, his Industry in Business, to promote her Wealth and Welfare, and her own Ingratitude.

Young Jamie loved me well
And sought me for his Bride
But saving ane Crown
He had nothing beside
To make that Crown a Pound
My Jamie gang’d to Sea
And the Crown and the Pound
Were all for me.

Her Grief for their Separation is expressed very pathetically

The Ship was a Wrack
Why did not Jennie dee
O why was I spared
To cry Wae is me.

There is no Doubt but that honest Jammie had still so much Love for her as to Pity her in his Heart, tho’ he might at the same time be not a little angry with her.
Towards the Conclusion we must change the Persons, and let Jamie be Old England, Jennie America and old Robin Gray, the Kingdom of France. Then honest Jenie having made a Treaty of Marriage with Gray expresses her firm Resolution of Fidelity in a manner that does Honour to her good Sense and her Virtue.

I may not think of Jamie
For that would be a Sin
But Inum [I must] do my best

A good Wife to be
For auld Robin Gray
Is very kind to me

You ask my Sentiments of a Truce for 5 or 7 Years in which no mention should be made of that stumbling Block to England the Independence of America. I must first tell you fairly and frankly that there can be no Treaty of Peace with us in which France is not included. But I think a Treaty might be made between the three Powers in which Englands expressly Renouncing the Dependence of America seems no more necessary than her renouncing the Title of King of France, which has always been claimed for her Kings. Yet perhaps it would be better for England to act nobly and generously on the Occasion by granting more than she could at present be compelled to grant, make America easy on the Score of Old Chains [Claims] cod. [concede?] all that remains in North America, and thus conciliate and strengthen a Young Power which she wishes to have a future and serviceable Friend. I do not think England would be a loser by such Cession. She may hold her remaing Possessions there, but not without vast Expence; and they would be the Occasion of constant Jealousies, frequent Quarrels and renew’d Wars. The United States continually growing stronger will naturally have them at last; and by the generous Conduct above hinted at, all the intermediate Loss of Blood and Treasure might be spared; and a solid lasting Peace promoted; This seems to me good Counsel, but I know it can’t be followed.
The Friend you mention must always be welcome to me with or without the Cheese, but I do not see how his coming hither could be of any Use at present, unless in Quality of a Plenipotentiary to treat of a sincere Peace between all the Parties.
Your Commissioners are acting very indiscreetly in America. They first spoke disrespectfully of our good Ally. They have since called in question the power of Congress to treat with them; and have endeavour’d to begin a Dispute about the detention of Bourgoynes Troops; an Affair which I conceive not to be within their Commission. They are vainly trying by Publications to excite the People against the Congress. Governor Jonston has been attempting to bribe the Members; and without the least Regard to Truth has asserted three Propostions which he says, he will undertake to prove; The two first of them I know to be false and I believe the third to be so. The Congress have refused to treat with the Commissioners while he continues one of them, and he has therefore resigned. These Gentlemen do not appear well qualify’d for their Business. I think they will never heal the Breach; but they may widen it. I am ever, my very dear Friend Yours most Affectionately
N.A.

Notation: to David Hartley


Title: Marie-Nicole Grossart de Virly Gérard to the American Commissioners, 26 October 1778
From: Gérard, Marie-Nicole Grossart de Virly
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Messieurs
a Versailles ce 26 Oct. 1778
J’avois envoyé a mon Mari, mon portrait et celui de ma fille, sur une Boete que M. Williams de Nantes a fait partir par un vaisseau qui a ete pris et conduit a Grenezay. M. de Chaumont m’a dit Messieurs que vous auriez la bonté pour moi et mon mari d’employer votre Correspondant a Nantes, qui a son gendre fils du Maire de Grenezay pour [racheter?] cette Boete qui ne peut intéresser le preneur que pour la valeur de quelques cercles d’or qui sont de peu de consequence. Je vous demande pardon Messieurs, de reclamer votre entremise dans un objet si peu consequent, mais l’amitié que vous avez pour mon mari me répond de l’interet que vous metterez a me procurer cette satisfaction. Je suis Messieurs Votre tres humble et tres obeissante Serviteur
Devirly Gerard
a Messieurs M. Franklin Lee & Adams Deputés des Etats Unis


Title: Sartine to the American Commissioners, 26 October 1778: résumé
From: Sartine, Antoine-Raymond-Gualbert-Gabriel de
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

<Marly, October 26, 1778, in French: The second part of your letter of October 12 deserves a response as well as the first, to which I have already replied. Although it would serve a double purpose if all American sailors remaining in British service by inertia or coercion could be returned to their native country, the matter poses difficulties. I shall take up the question of the impressed seamen with His Majesty. I have given orders to put at your disposal the four prisoners in Dinan whose release you request.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Madame Brillon, [26 October 1778]
From: Brillon de Jouy, Anne-Louise Boivin d’Hardancourt
To: Franklin, Benjamin

ce lundi [October 26, 1778] a la thuillerie
Je reprends mes engagements avéc vous mon papa; mon coeur a promis au vostre, c’est le plus sacré de tous les contrats: je vous écrirai, vous dirai que je vous aime, que vous étiés bien désiré ici—en arrivant, maman me dit avant de m’enbrassér ou est il ce bon papa—il ne viendra pas—ma fille voila ou je le logeois pour qu’il fut commodément—il auroit été trés bien—ma fille veut tu disnér; j’avois préparé tout ce que mr. franklin aime—maman je ne doutte pas de vos soins—voila ou tu l’aurois conduit dormir aprés son disné; voila ou il auroit joué aux échécs avec toi; j’avois fait nétoyér mes allées; j’avois tant d’envie de le rendre heureux!—mon papa, en venant ici vous en auriés fait, bien des heureux! Si le tems devient plus beau, si vous prévoÿés avoir un ou deux jours de libérté ne viendrés vous pas nous voir, mon coeur vous appélle, le vostre ne l’entend t’il pas? óh oui il l’entend; mon papa m’aime comment ne m’aimeroit t’il pas, mon àme réunit pour lui tous les sentiments! Mon chér papa je vous aime au plus possible rien n’est plus vrai; je vous aimerai toujours c’est encore bien vrai! Toujours je chérche tous les moyens de vous plaire, et je ne serai vraiment heureuse que lorsque je lirai dans vos yeux que vous éstes content de votre fille; adieu mon aimable papa voila ma proféssion de foi amicalle je suis bien dévotte de l’amitié; son culte est doux a mon coeur, surtout quand ce culte s’addrésse a vous. J’ai l’honneur d’éstre mon chér papa Votre trés humble et trés obéissante sérvante
D’hardancourt Brillon

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Franklin / A Passy


Title: The American Commissioners to Daniel McNeill, 27 October 1778: résumé
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: McNeill, Daniel

<Passy, October 27, 1778: We received yours of October 12 concerning your prisoners. On the basis of the King’s regulations on prizes and prisoners, published at the same time, we assumed no special ministerial order was necessary and that officers in the ports were instructed to secure prisoners as provided in articles 7 and 15. Moylan’s letter of October 21 describes your difficulty. We shall apply to the minister at once for the necessary orders. Meanwhile secure the prisoners carefully as we anticipate an exchange. If you must sail before orders arrive, assure the port officers that we shall defray their expences in securing the prisoners. You are right to insist on a judicial decision about your prize.>


Title: The American Commissioners to James Moylan, 27 October 1778
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Moylan, James

Sir
Passy Octr. 27. 1778
We received your Favour of the 12 Instant. You will see by the enclosed to Capt. McNeill, which We leave open for your Perusal, the State of the Affair of the Prisoners. In Case of his being obliged to Sail, before he can receive the Ministers particular orders for their Reception, We desire you would take care of them, if Mr. Schweighausers Agent Mr. Puchelberg declines it. We are much obliged by your early Information of the Arrival of the Vessell from Philadelphia; and shall be so for any News you may from Time to Time communicate to us. We have the Honour to be.
Mr Moylan


Title: The American Commissioners to Schweighauser, 27 October 1778: résumé
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Schweighauser, Jean-Daniel

<Passy, October 27, 1778: We have received yours of September 27 and approve your handling of the Thérèse and her cargo. We think you should sign the receipt to Mr. Williams, through the words United States, and omit what follows. He should discharge any demands against him and notify us, who stand behind him, without the additional complication of involving you. As to the Directeur des fermes, give him an account of the tobacco delivered him; do not change the price which is settled by contract but inform us of the going rate for tobacco at the time this was delivered. Messrs. Bondfield and Haywood have offered space for freighting; contract with them to ship the American goods held by you and Williams if you think their proposal reasonable.>


Title: Jonathan Loring Austin to the American Commissioners, 27 October 1778: résumé
From: Austin, Jonathan Loring
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

<Amsterdam, October 27, 1778: I will sail for St. Eustatia next Wednesday or Thursday, as no direct passage for America is available. Had I been able I would have told you sooner, so you could send more dispatches. I doubt that Admiral d’Estaing is in the precarious situation reported by the English newspapers. American affairs provoke conflicting opinions in the coffee houses here. I will take good care of your letters for Congress, and will be honored by any further mention of me. May all possible success attend your negotiations.>


Title: Dumas to the American Commissioners, 27 October 1778: résumé
From: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

<The Hague, October 27, 1778, in French: Last Saturday [Oct. 24] I received your letter of October 10. The Grand Facteur is very satisfied with it. Our friend [van Berckel] was pleased and assured me several times it would make a good impression on the burgomasters of Amsterdam. He strongly recommended that I assure you the mention of England was made only to clarify the position of the city.
The merchants’ address was presented to their High Mightinesses. I enclose their petition to the stadholder. Lord Suffolk has promised to return the captured Dutch vessels and pay for their cargoes but says his ambassador will propose changes to the Anglo-Dutch treaty. He says it is a measure of his King’s moderation that he has not yet requested that the republic give Britain the assistance the treaties require. We believe Suffolk’s response was actually written here.
The secretary of the States General feels himself insulted by the merchants’ accusation that he is pro-English. I will send you a translation of their address as soon as it is finished and one to Congress, but the work is time-consuming and my hand trembles.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Marine Committee, 27 October 1778
From: Marine Committee
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honorable Sir
Marine Committee of Congress PhiladelphiaOctober 27th. 1778.
This will go by a Continental Frigate from Boston which Congress have ordered to carry their dispatches as well as to accommodate the Marquis de la Fayette and his Suit with a passage to France. The Captain will on his arrival immediately inform you thereof, and we have directed that he get his Vessel in readiness to follow any Orders which you may think proper to give which Orders he is to Obey.
Should you send him back with dispatches he will take in any Stores for the use of the States that may be in readiness at the Port where he may arrive, so as not to incommode the sailing or fighting of his Vessel. We have the honor to be Honorable Sir Your most Obedient Servant
Richard Henry Lee Chn.

P.S. As the Marquis de la Fayette may have occasion to write by the return of this Frigate, please to let him have timely notice.
R.H. Lee
The Honorable Benjamin Franklin Esqr

Endorsed: Marine Committee of Congress Oct. 27. 1778 relative to the Frigate Alliance


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Thomas Pottar, 27 October 1778
From: Pottar, Thomas
To: Franklin, Benjamin

May it plase your Excellency
Havre de Grace prison October 27th. 1778
To pardon the Liberty I take in trubling your honor to aquaint you that in the year Sevnty Six I left Amerca with Capt. Sheffild in the whale fishen and was bound to Holland with Our Oil but had the Misfortin to be takin in the English Chanel by the gray hound Cutter, whar I was Kept til I Run a way up to London, and Could get no Opurtunity of geting home to my father and was a bleched to hide for a long time from the Press, till I got on Bord of a Brig which Belonged to the frinds of Amerca, The Owner name which I make no dout you Know, is Mr. Williams, in wappin [Wapping] and Mr. Powel, that what Ever Monny I had to Spar I Gave to Relive my Contry men, the brig was Command by our Capt. Clark, who is an Amerca, but this Voydge had the Missfortin to be takin, by a french prvter and brought in har, would for Ever be thankful to your honor to Remove me to Amerca or on bord Aney Amercan priveteer, my broth is now Captain of an Amerca privateer and my fathr is well known to the Congres his nam is Capt. Jams Potter, now in Amerca. I Rest your honors most Obedgent Humble Servant
Thos. Pottar
would be thankful to your honr to make one of your Sarvants Send me an Ancer

Addressed: To / His Excellency Benn. Franklin / Paris
Notation: Thos Potter Whaleman 27 Octr. 1778


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Committee for Foreign Affairs, 28 October 1778
From: Committee for Foreign Affairs
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honorable Sir
(In Committee for foreign Affairs), Philada. Octr.28th. 1778.
As the Marquis De la Fayette will deliver this, we refer you to his Conversation in addition to the Gazettes for an Account of the Movements of the Enemy. He will doubtless gain some further Knowledge of them before he leaves Boston than what we are now possessed of. We shall speedily have Opportunities of forwarding Duplicates and Triplicates of what he now delivers; and upon any material Event we shall dispatch a Vessel occasionally.
Inclosed with other Papers is a Resolve of Congress of the 22d which we have officially sent to all the Commissioners. We must earnestly request that, as we shall have Opportunities of frequently conveying to you Gazettes and other Species of American Intelligence, you would strive to communicate, in the best and speediest Way to the Gentlemen at other Courts what they are alike interested to know that they may prosecute in the best Manner the Service of these States abroad.
An exact Copy of your Credentials is among the Papers herewith. We wish you Success in this new Commission; and are with much Regard Sir Your most humble Servants
Richard Henry LeeJames Lovell
Honble. Doctr Franklin

Addressed: Honorable / Benjamin Franklin Esqr. / Minister Plenipotentiary / from the United States / of America / France / favd. by Majr. Genl. / Marqs. Dela Fayette
Endorsed: Committee for Foreign Affairs Philada Oct. 28. 1778. with New Commission News to be communicated.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Johann Adolf Behrends, 28 October 1778: résumé
From: Behrends, Johann Adolf
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Frankfurt am Main, October 28, 1778, in Latin: I am asking my good friend Mr. Bethmann, who is leaving for France, to bring you this letter. It expresses my admiration for you as founder of the fatherland, doctor of the human race on the matter of bodies’ electrical energy and illustrious member of the Republic of letters; most of all it tries to convey my boundless esteem for you as a human being. I burn with desire to meet you and render any service I can. Accept my congratulations on your appointment as foreign member of the French Royal Society of Medicine. May God grant you the freedom of your country!>


Title: The American Commissioners to Van Berckel, 29 October 1778: résumé
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Berckel, Engelbert François van

<Passy, October 29, 1778: Some of your propositions can only be discussed in a personal interview. We wish you or someone authorized by you might meet one of us at Aix-la-Chapelle or any other place you may judge more convenient. We also leave to you the selection of fictitious names to be used when meeting.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from François-César Le Tellier, Marquis de Courtanvaux, 29 October 1778
From: Courtanvaux, François-César Le Tellier, marquis de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Ce Jeudy. 29. 8bre. 78.
Le Mis. de Courtanvaux fait mille Complimens à Monsieur Franklin, comme il a oublié de Lui dire hier que s’il avoit quelques compatriotes avec Luy, il seroit bien Le maître de Les amener diner, parcequ’ils seront recus avec plaisir. Il Le prie de recevoir les assurances de son sincere attachement.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Franklin / deputé des Etats Unis / de L’amérique Septentrionale / A Passy.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Richard Gridley, 29 October 1778
From: Gridley, Richard
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
Boston October 29 1778
Possibly you may remember the Conversation we had at General Washingtons Quarters at Cambridge, relating to Mines; which I said we had a Great plenty of in this Country; and an observation I then made to you, that Congress need not be Timerous in Emiting Paper Currency, as the Mines if properly Attended to, woud enable them to Redeem their paper Currency; and otherwise be of Infinite Service to the States. My son Joseph is the bearer of this, who is in the mercantile way, by whom I have sent a number of Samples of Mines, many of them are Valuable, and in good Situations for working Shafts, and Levels, and all of them well wooded and water’d; I have directed my son to shew you the Samples, that you may if you think proper, direct him where the Samples may be examin’d, and if on examination any of them shou’d be found Valuable, by the French Mineralists, I am persuaded it will be a pleasure and Satisfaction to you, because great Remittances may be made to France &c. in return for their Manufactures; and as soon as our Troublesome Times are over, may publickly and privately be carried on; I woud have sent more Samples of Mines, but had so little notice of my sons going, I had not time enough to send for them: I am desirous you shou’d have the Inspection of them, and get such Tryals made of them as may Convince you of the reality; I have no motive but the general Good, which I doubt not will be a Sufficient Apology for giving you the Trouble of this Information; and am Dear Sir with the Greatest Veneration and Sincerity Your Most Obedient Humb Servant
Richd. Gridley
His Excellency Benja. Franklin Esqr

Notation: Richard Gridley, Boston 29. 8bre. 1778. concerning the Mines of America.


Title: The American Commissioners to Sartine, 30 October 1778: résumé
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Sartine, Antoine-Raymond-Gualbert-Gabriel de

<Passy, October 30, 1778: We are honored by your letter of October 26 and grateful for the prompt release of some of our countrymen imprisoned at Dinan. We have received another petition from prisoners at Brest; it appears that there are ten of them, only four of whom we had heard from, letters from the other six having miscarried. We would appreciate a similar clemency extended to them and enclose their most recent communication. A letter received last night from Lorient informs us that three British whaling vessels manned by Americans have been captured by French frigates and cruisers. We have collected detailed intelligence on the valuable English whale fishery off the coast of Brazil. About seventeen vessels have sailed in the past two months. The officers and most of the men are Americans. Last year the English newspapers falsely reported that a convoy would accompany the fleet. In fact it is defenceless and could easily be overpowered. A single frigate or privateer sent in early December when the fleet is loaded with bone and oil would suffice to capture an extremely valuable cargo and free the Americans involved. Whenever the British have captured American vessels they have given the whalemen a choice of fighting their own countrymen or entering the whale fishery. Many have chosen the latter. We hope that His Majesty’s service may send a frigate from here or the West Indies to seize both a profitable branch of commerce and a nursery for seamen.>


Title: Dumas to the American Commissioners, 30 October 1778: résumé
From: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

<The Hague, October 30, 1778, in French: As a result of the merchants’ address the Assembly of Holland will reconvene next Wednesday, the corps of nobility of the province has withdrawn a counter-address and an important personage seems to be alarmed. The British party is also concerned.
The Grand Pensionary is displeased by Suffolk’s reply. I have given him a printed copy of the Franco-American treaty and told him you felt he could proceed in the manner he judged most agreeable to the republic. Seeing him amazed and at a loss for words I made him understand he owed you a reply, which I told him you expected, and gave him an extract of Mr. Franklin’s letter of September 22. He read it carefully and smiled at the ending. I volunteered to convey to you anything he might like and beseeched him to believe me as zealous for the welfare of this republic as I am a friend of the Americans. He answered, “I do not doubt it.” I gave our friend van Berckel an account of the meeting and a copy of the excerpt. I told him I was giving his city something it could use to raise charges if your overture was repressed; he agreed and thanked me profusely. On the 28th an important person in whom we can have full confidence but who requested anonymity asked me to tell Mr. Franklin that there are serious but secret reasons which impose the need for delay on the Grand Pensionary. I have noticed that of late our friend has softened his attitude toward the Grand Pensionary. I received the papers Mr. [Arthur] Lee sent and forwarded a copy to the printer at Leyden. P.S.: I have received a violently anti-British 180-page Dutch brochure which will serve to further arouse this nation.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from William Carmichael, 30 October 1778
From: Carmichael, William
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Philadelphia, October 30th 1778
The return of the Marquis de la Fayette gives me an opportunity which I seize with pleasure of renewing my assurances of respect and Gratitude to you. I have thro the course of the Summer taken the liberty of transmitting you such accounts of our internal Situation as might contribute to your information, tho’ by no means to your satisfaction. The Marquis will fill up the out Lines which I but faintly sketch, for it is not only the knowledge of arms which he has endeavoured to acquire here, but that of Men. Altho’ he has been in a good scool, I am afraid there are many of the Capital figures, which a good Painter would not chuse to copy. I have had the misfortune of being obliged to view them too near During some months past and I cannot say my enthusiasm has increased by the circumstance. Under the hands of Mr. A. Lee There might arise many admirable Caricatures. I never conceived that it was possible, that a body of men, some of whom are certainly men of Abilities and many of them honest could have met together to so little purpose.
Their Finances, their foreign affairs their Internal Police are much in the same situation I found them on my arrival at york Town, Except that a letter of Credence [and] some instructions are made out for you as Minister at the Court of Versailles, of which the Marquis is bearer.
No one but Himself has known how to reconcile the clashing parties of this Continent to his own views, by this you may judge not only of his amiable character but of his discretion. The resolves of Congress Letters &c. in his favor will show you their sense of his merit and I do assure you that the Sentiments of the people at Large and of the Army are the Same. These public testimonies being extremely agreable to him, I hope you will pardon the Liberty I take as his freind, of hinting to you, what a satisfaction it will be to his Noble Family that the Ministry should be acquainted by you rather than any one Else of the opinion entertained of Him here. For which reason, May it not be proper to put the resolves letters &c. into the hands of the Ministry instantly on the receipt of them and before the Marquis makes his appearance at Versailles.
I am sure all the consequence he can derive from the influence of his Family or from his own merit will be exerted for our Interest because he thinks them blended with those of his Nation, and I know that Personally he ardently desires to cultivate your freindship and to merit your Esteem. He will inform you of the Parties in our Congress and in our Army, Parties which at another time might have been fatal and are now dangerous. There are seeds of great Evils scattered abroad, and I am much afraid that there [are] some among us who would ape Cromwell, if they can disgust our fairfax so much as to make him seek retirement and to effect this no Endeavors are wanting of those, who are his yours and the Enemies of every one who are obstacles to the gratification of their Private Ambition.
You will find there are Wotherburnes in France as well as in England and Philippics, where if the Execution doth not answer the Intention tis not the fault of the Writers. I beg you to make the proper compliments of remembrance to Dr. Bancroft and your Grandson and that these Gentlemen would mention me to such of my Old Acquaintance as do me the honor not to forget me. I am with much truth and respect Your Excellencys Most Obliged and Most Humble Servant
Wm. Carmichael

P.S. I find that it will be agreable to the Marquis that his own Cutler should be imployed to make the Sword presented Him by Congress. As proper devices are directed in the execution of the Workmanship, perhaps allusions to the scenes of actions in which he most distinguished Himself might be suitable. The most remarkable were Brandewine where he was wounded Glocester where he drove Ld. Cornwallis, Barren Hill from whence he effected a retreat altho nearly surrounded by the whole British Army & the Schuyllkill in his rear, Monmouth & Rhode Island from whence he imbarked in the last boat. The Address of his Cutler is Leger Fourbissier Derriere L’Opera à Paris

Endorsed: Mr Carmichael Oct. 30. 78 State of Congress


Title: Vergennes to the American Commissioners, 31 October 1778
From: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Versailles 31. Oct. 1778
Vous me demandez, Messieurs, un jour pour l’Echange des Declarations concernant l’Omission des onzieme et douzieme Articles du Traité de Commerce. Si lundi prochain deux novembre peut vous convenir, je serai charmé d’avoir l’honneur de vous recevoir et je me flatte que vous voudrez bien me faire Celui de diner le même jour chez moi. J’ai l’honneur d’être avec une parfaite consideration, Messieurs, Votre très humble et très obeissant serviteur
signé De Vergennes
Messrs. Franklin Lee & Adams


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Veuve Babut & Labouchere, 31 October 1778
From: Babut, Veuve, & Labouchere
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Nantes le 31. 8bre 1778.
Nous avons l’honneur de remettre a votre Excellence deux paquets qui se sont trouvés dans le Brigantin La Lucie Capitaine De Groot qui vient d’arriver dans notre Riviere etant parti de la Delaware le 20. 7bre. S’il nous en parvenoit quelqu’autre nous les acheminerions avec la meme Exactitude. Nous sommes avec le plus profond Respect Monsieur de votre Excellence les trés humbles et trés obeissants Serviteurs
Ve. Babut & Labouchere

Endorsed: Babut & Labouchere Nantes 31 8bre. 1778.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Edward Bancroft, [October 1778 or after]
From: Bancroft, Edward
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
Monday Evening. [October, 1778 or after]
I have a few Lines from Mr. Deane dated Philadelphia 6th. Septr. 1778 and refering to Packets which he had just Sealed; I suppose they must have come under Cover to you, and beg you will in that Case send them by the Bearer. I am with the utmost respect and Devotion Dear Sir Yours
Edwd. Bancroft

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsr. Franklin / Passy
Notation: Edw. Bancroft


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ——— Cox, [before or during October 1778]
From: Cox, ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Saturday Morning. [before or during October,1778]
Mr. Cox presents his Compliments to Doctr. Franklin. Cannot do himself the Honor of dining with him on Thursday next, Mr. C. having determined to sett out, on Tuesday, for the South of France.

Addressed: His Excellency / Benj. Franklin Esqr: / Passy.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from [Jean-Baptiste Le Roy], [October 1778]
From: Le Roy, Jean-Baptiste
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
[October, 1778]
Just arrived from Paris I send to know whether you have at last received your Dispatches. They say in Paris Strange news about M. D’Estaing. I wish you my Dear friend a very good Night. If it was not too late I had been to play a game at Chess with You.

Addressed: Dr. Franklin
Notation: Le Veillard?


Title: Editorial Note on Franklin’s Accounts, 1778
From:
To:

For the period covered by this volume we have four new accounts:
XIX. Franklin’s Account with Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont, June 12, 1777, to May 28, 1784: American Philosophical Society, 18 pp.
With the exception of an item for repairs to the packet La Mère Bobie (XXIV, 3n) dated June 12, 1777, all the entries are dated January 1, 1779, or after. Accompanying the statements of account are several pages of later commentary (1782 and 1784) by Franklin and his landlord. Their efforts to reconcile their differences over financial affairs will be discussed in future volumes.
XX. Franklin and John Adams’ Account with the United States, April 9, 1778, to January 12, 1779: National Archives, 2 pp.
This account apparently is a summary of Franklin and Adams’ financial dealings for the nine months they served as joint commissioners and perhaps was composed soon after the February 12, 1779, dissolution of the commission. Its undated entries include sums for unpaid bills left by Silas Deane (for his tailor, saddler, blacksmith, and hired horses), payments for books and schooling for John Quincy Adams, disbursements for prisoners, and payments to Franklin’s and Adams’ wine merchant.
  XXI. Household Accounts (January to July, 1779, 18 pp.) and Grocer’s Bill (February to July, 1779, 11 pp.): Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Franklin Papers, vol. 5.
These accounts provide a variety of information on running the household at Passy. The first gives details of bakery goods, food provisions, and tradesmen’s services. The other offers a daily list of purchases for Franklin’s larder, listed by item, weight (when applicable), and cost.

  XXII. Memorandum of Shares Bought and Coupons Received by Franklin, February 19, 1779, to July 27, 1784: American Philosophical Society, 7 pp.
Only its first entry is from the period of this volume, and that is for “actions” of stock bought (for a purchase price of 26,640.0.0 l.t.). From that stock’s eight “coupons” Franklin expected income amounting to 680.0.0 l.t. The memorandum also includes various notes in Franklin’s hand, which seem to be connected with the drafting of his will in 1788 (Smyth, Writings, X, 493–501).


Title: The American Commissioners to Jean-Daniel Schweighauser, 1 November 1778
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Schweighauser, Jean-Daniel

Sir/
Passy Novr. 1. 1778
We have receivd the enclosd from Made [Madame] Gerard Spouse of M. Gerard, Ambassador of this Court to the United States. She is a Lady that we much respect & if by any means you can procure her the satisfaction She requests you will exceadingly oblige Sir yr. most &c
BF & AL.

P.S. Any expence you may be at shall be thankfully repaid.
A M. Schweighauser.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric Dumas, 1 November 1778
From: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur,
La Haie 1. Nov. 1778.
Le Porteur de la présente, Mr. Walter Pollard, m’ayant demandé une Lettre de recommandation pour vous, je me conforme à sa requisition avec d’autant plus de plaisir, qu’il m’a été adressé à moi-même de fort bonne part, & que je vois dans ses sentimens, & dans son mérite, tout ce qui est requis pour lui attirer vos bonnes graces & votre protection. Dans une lettre que j’aurai l’honneur de vous écrire Mardi prochain, & que vous recevrez avant celleci, je m’étendrai sur les particularités qui le regardent, ainsi que j’en suis convenu avec lui. Je suis avec un très-grand respect, Monsieur, Votre très humble & très obéissant serviteur
Dumas
Passy à Son Excellence M. le Doctr. Franklin, Ministre Plenip. des Etats unis de l’Amérique Unie.

Addressed: à Son Excellence / Monsieur le Dr. Franklin, Esqr. / Ministre Plenipotentiaire des / Etats-Unis de l’Amérique / à Passy./.
Notation: Dumas Nov 1. 78


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Paul Jones, 1 November 1778
From: Jones, John Paul
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honored and dear Sir,
Brest Novr. 1st. 1778.
The inclosed letter for M. de Chaumont will I hope have your approbation. I wish it were possible that the first plan could be pursued—or if it is postponed, it is perhaps a delicate point, but I wish I could have some assurance that the Indien will not be put under the command of another, but reserved for me.— With respect to my letters of the 19th. Ult.— Their Fate—depends entirely upon you.— I certainly cannot wish to offend M. De Sartine—tho’, for the reasons which I have given to you formerly and in the within letter, I could be glad to have some testimony or mark of the Kings approbation.
I have yet received no authority in consequence of the Ministers resolution—therefore I remain here to await the answers to my letters of enquirey.— Perhaps M. de Chaumont would facilitate the Business by writing himself, as my correspondence is far from being general.— I am very much obliged to the Duc de la Rochefocault and will write him a letter of thanks.
I am with unbounded confidence, affection & Esteem Honored and dear Sir Your very obliged and very humble Servant
Jno P Jones
His Excellency Doctor Franklin.

Endorsed: Captain Jones
Notation: Nov 1. 78.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ——— de la Corbière and Other People with Ideas to Propose, 2 November 1778
From: La Corbière, —— de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

On the day that de la Corbière is offering a plan for the joint sailing of eight frigates, a lawyer from Quimper, named Girard, suggests that the Americans select the little port of Benaudet in lower Brittany as one of the free ports allowed them by the Treaty of Amity and Commerce. They will need another ample harbor, of course, and an outlet for their merchandise, but a small one that could serve as a depot would also be most useful. Quimper and Brest are within easy reach of Benaudet. Please consult Minister Sartine about this idea.
Writing in German on November 4 from Breslau in Silesia, Herr Nierhausen, Calculateur des Postes du Roi de Prusse, offers to send Franklin, if agreeable, a survey of the postal situation throughout Europe.
On November 19, the Nantais firm of Cadou fils voices the hope that Franklin will consider favorably the enclosed project. If the American and some of his friends decide to buy into it to whatever extent they desire, its success is insured.
Two writers address themselves to the Doctor’s scientific interests. Having heard that the King promised to recompense those who came up with specific remedies endorsed by the Faculty of Medicine, a surgeon from St. Quentin by the name of Bottin informs Franklin on November 21 that he has discovered such a remedy, efficacious against all types of fever and epidemic disease. He is an Irishman, has a large family to support, and not enough money to do so, there being too many surgeons in the Artois. Would Franklin serve as his protector if he came to Paris to prove his claim?

Writing in Latin from Genoa on the Ides of December (i.e., the 13th), Carolus Gandini makes a plea for basic research. Hippocrates, he says, foretold that, if properly searched for, a medical science yet-undiscovered would be found by posterity, but his prophecy has not yet come true. While teaching methods have improved, the systems of investigation are obsolete. Physicians accuse medicine itself of incertitude rather than admit their own lack of knowledge. The author has tried, without success, to communicate this opinion to his fellow-Italians and is now submitting the idea to foreigners.
Equally eager to help the American war effort, an anonymous supporter sends in a memoir at an unspecified date. The Americans, he believes, should do their utmost to burn the British fleet in New York harbor. Under the cover of night, a number of determined, very well-remunerated men could approach the enemy vessels either in rowboats, by swimming, or in diving suits [scaphandres] and affix to the British ships some chemises impregnated with sulphur. Such chemises, if unknown in America, can be easily procured from Brest, Rochefort, or Toulon. To make this maneuver infallible, the American army should be quartered near enough the British to launch a simultaneous attack, thus sowing confusion on all fronts.

Paris 2e. 9br. 1778
Je prend la liberte d’envoyer a Votre Excellence le Prospectus d’un Armement assez considerable proposé par souscription non pas que je me flatte quelle y prenne part, mais pour la supplier de lui accorder sa protection si elle le trouve bien combiné; ce qu’il y a de Certain c’est que des fregates qui marcheront deux a deux, qui auront 52 canons sans ceux des gaillards, et peut etre une Corvette pour les soutenir, ne doivent craindre qu’une flotille qu’elles pouront eviter par leur legereté; cette maniere de combattre n’est peut etre pas bien genereuse, mais il est question dans cet Armement de Profit. La gloire est reservée pour les Vaissaux du Roy, ils savent la moissonner quand l’occasion se presente, et la generosité des officiers egale leur valeur.
Les Actionaires trouveront dans cette Compagnie l’avantage d’une assurance toutte faitte par la division des croisieres et des 8 fregates qui auront un Interet commun; car en suposant que deux, ou quatre fussent prises, ou devinssent la proye des Elemens, les 4 autres n’auront pas le même sort, elles dedomageront de la perte que l’on aurait fait.
Malgré que cet Armement presente plus de sureté qu’aucun qui ait paru, il a besoin d’etre soutenu par des personnes de distinction. C’est pourquoi je prend la liberté de le recommander à V. Ex. en la suppliant de recevoir ici mon homage, et les sentimens de Veneration et d’admiration avec lesquels Jai lhonneur detre De Votre Excellence Le Très humble & très obeissant serviteur
De La CorbiereRüe du Mail, ou au Val de Grace
S.E. Mr. Franklin

Endorsed: De Corbieres Cruizing Scheme
Notation: Paris 2. 9bre. 1778.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Ed. O’Reilly and Other People with Goods to Offer, 2 November 1778
From: O’Reilly, Ed.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Offers for goods of various kinds continued to pour in during the winter of 1778–79. The earliest, published below, comes from an Irish doctor in Montpellier who has heard about a great bargain in stockings.
On November 10, the Parisian firm of Desgranges & Cie., on the rue St. Honoré, informs Franklin that they are able to furnish 200,000 soldiers’ shirts, of ample proportions, at the rate of 15,000 to 16,000 per month. The cost is 3 l.t. apiece. They write again on February 20, enclosing a few prospectuses for their armement and asking that Franklin and his friends aid an enterprise meant to insure commercial prosperity.
From Liège comes an offer of arms. A merchant called Deuborne reminds Franklin on November 10 that in the course of the previous month he had informed his correspondents in Paris that he could furnish the Americans with whatever quantity of weapons they wish, at a reasonable price, and asking only a commission for himself. Upon hearing from them that the Doctor is desirous of inspecting samples, he has just sent some. Should they be judged good, he can procure them or even open a factory in the States similar to the one that exists in Naples where he has worked. A list of his conditions is affixed.
A merchant from Dieppe by the name of Lemire writes on January 17. He wants Franklin to know that, included in the cargoes of two prizes captured by a French privateer, there is some excellent rum from Senegal, as well as top quality beer, to go on sale January 27. Having heard that those items might please the Doctor, he offers to procure them for him. A printed sheet is enclosed, giving the lists of captured goods on the prizes Nancy and Birmingham.
Beer is the object of an energetic campaign by Antoine Holtzer, from Colmar. As he explains to the commissioners on December 1, he has invented a new kind of beer that keeps for years (improving all the time), can be safely exported everywhere, and can even be manufactured on board ship. He will gladly send samples of it to Paris. The commissioners will earn their countrymen’s undying gratitude if they cause some breweries to be opened in the Thirteen Provinces: the profits of that new commerce will finance the war against England. Enclosed is a certificate in German prepared by several doctors and professors at the University of Strasbourg. It is certified in turn by municipal authorities and attests to the excellence of the product. Still another memorandum, of the same date, extols thirteen virtues of the beer, i.e., the savings it causes by diminishing the quantities of barley, oats, rye, and firewood required and its possible use under siege when water is polluted. On January 6 Holtzer writes again, re-stating the advantages of his brew and offering to send a few bottles for Franklin to taste. An annual pension of 12,000 l.t. or a lump sum of 200,000 l.t. is all he requests to start breweries in various ports.
At the same time, at the other side of France, in Brest, a merchant by the name of Calmels is equally dynamic in pushing a proposal. He has noticed, he says on January 4, that the English prizes brought into port carry many items, especially comestible ones, that could be of use to the Americans and will probably be auctioned off well below cost. The Revanche is to be put on sale on January 5, four other ships on the 15th. Might he be entrusted with Franklin’s orders? He gives several references and vows the utmost zeal. Two days later he announces the sale of the Revanche for less than it would cost to build her and offers his services again to purchase flour, biscuit, and salt meats. If the Americans bought the four ships to be sold on the 15th, these could be promptly loaded with the above-mentioned merchandise and benefit from the escort of the King’s vessels about to sail. A brief inventory appears on a separate sheet: soldiers’ uniforms, shirts at 40 s. apiece, ties, buttons, thread, and braid. Finally, on the 8th, just as the courier is about to leave, Calmels sends the inventories of two ships, with the suggestion that the larger one, with its cargo, may prove quite suitable.
Writing in German from Arnstadt (Saxony) on January 13, Georg Balthasar Ludwig offers to provide lengths of fabric of ordinary or excellent quality, in a variety of colors, at a very good price. Many of his landsmen from Kurpfalz have emigrated to the United States; his loyalty to them is a guarantee of the diligence with which he will attend to the anticipated order.
A certain Monthuley writes from Evreux (a Normandy town famous for its textiles) on January 20, pleased that Franklin was satisfied with the samples he had sent and offering to supply the goods. He encloses a letter for Monsieur Williams. On an undated estimate of the costs of soldiers’ uniforms, which the potential supplier must have sent sometime before this letter, Franklin wrote “Patterns of Cloths 2 Colours.”
Two undated proposals may belong to the end of 1778; at the very least they complement the other offers of supplies, and we include them here. First, the Parisian firm of Levent & Cie., rue Quincampoix, offers shoes at what they say is a very reasonable price: 3.10 l.t. for the men (in calf) and 4 for the officers (in goat). Second is an unsigned proposition for war matériel. A “Compagnie Honnete” will furnish weapons, textiles, shirts, shoes, buckles, hats, etc., from a depot to be set up in Bordeaux. The goods are to be shipped either on Congressional vessels or on those freighted by the company. Samples will be submitted to Congress and to a commissioner in France who will inspect the cargo. Payments are to be made at three pre-arranged dates.

Sir
Montpellier 2d Novr. 1778.
Shou’d the Subject of this Letter appear less interesting than I have imagined, I hope the motive will be a Sufficient Apology for the Liberty I take. A Person of my acquaintance who dwells at Some distance from hence, informed of the immense profit made by merchants interested in furnishing divers articles to the Continental Army of North America, has communicated to me Some thoughts concerning one branch in particular, which Seem’d to me worthy of Notice. Tis that of Stockings, especially Cotton ones, whereof he assured me it wou’d be possible to procure a very considerable quantity at a moderate Rate. The Result of my Enquiries has been that thirty or forty thousand pair cou’d be had towards April next, which forwarded to Bordeaux, firsthand cost, Carriage & all Charges comprehended wou’d not amount to more than thirty French Sols a pair, which I reckon to be scarce half the price they usually cost there. If this Hint deserves your consideration, I Shall get it effectuated with All the Zeal of a wellwisher to the cause of Honour & Liberty, a good Subject to your great & powerfull Ally, & a Native of an unfortunate Country which has but too long experienced, as it Still does, the weight of the British yoak.
I am with the most profound Respect. Sir. Your most obedient humble Servant
Ed: ô Reilly M:D

P.S. My address, Shou’d you have any orders to give me is A Monsieur Monsieur ôReilly, Docteur en L’Université de Medecine, Chez Monsieur Henri Rey Negociant & Ancien Prieur de la Bourse A Montpellier

Endorsed: M. O.Beilly Montpellier 2. Nov. 1778
Notation: Cap Beilly.