Title: From George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 25 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

Dr Sir
Whippeny near Morristown 25th June 1780

On friday last the enemy moved from Elisabeth Town point to Springfield in considerable force, supposed about five thousand. The bridge at Springfield was pretty obstinately defended by Col. Angel’s regiment nor was it gained by the enemy till near a contest of forty minutes. This Regt had about 40 killed and wounded. Our whole loss during the day does not rise much higher but from all the accounts which we have been yet able to collect the enemy’s has been very superior. They retreated with great rapidity after having burnt Springfield, to E. T. point and evacuated the place between twelve and one the same night. We have not been able to ascertain since their leaving the Jersey’s whether they have embarked with a design to proceed up the North River, or whether they have returned to New-York. I thought it however advisable to give you this information that all necessary measures may be taken to provide against the former. Genl Huntington is some way on his march, and is instructed to take post at Sufferans, and to communicate with you. The rest of the army is also in motion but their progress must be governed by our intelligence.
I would just observe with regard to the posts at west-point most exposed and most important that they will no doubt experience your most immediate attention, and be provided specifically not only with the proper quantity of stores provisions &c. but garrisoned with troops best calculated for an obstinate resistance. At this moment it is difficult to say what the enemy propose to themselves, but let it be what it will, it is our principal business to be fully prepared for them at west-point. I am Dr Sir &

G.W.

I inclose you a letter from the Hnble the Board of war which they transmitted open in one to me. Every precaution and measure for obtaining provisions and supplying west-point has certainly been taken which appeared practicable. The route by which the Southern supplies come, must as has been heretofore the case—depend on the situation and movements of the enemy, on which head the Q. Master and Commissary will always be advised. You will direct the receiving Commissary to keep a particular account of the provisions forwarded by the associators and to give receipts for it.

half an hour after Eleven A.M.

I have this moment received your letter of the 24th. The purposes of the posts at Verplanks and Stoney point have been pretty fully explained in those letters when I had occasion to mention them or their uses.

I cannot say that It appears to me should the enemy seriously attempt them in force, that much time to us could be gained by their defence. Col. Gouvion is of opinion also that under this description they cannot hold out much beyond ten hours. This is but a mere instant for any precautions at west-point, while these two garrisons by being withdrawn might be employed with you perhaps to much greater advantage than in their present situation. But besides it is by no means clear that the enemy would spend any length of time on this object but passing them operate against West-point in the first instance. In short, what seems to me best in this case is not to submit the garrison of verplanks & Stoney point to an investiture, but to amuse the enemy with them as long as it can be done with their own safety; guarding alike on this occasion against a precipitate evacuation of the posts—without good reasons, and a continuance in them to the loss of the garrisons. These were the ideas I meant to suggest in my former communication on this subject. I am.

P.S. The measures you have taken respecting the militia appear to be very proper under present appearances. I return you the letters which you inclosed me.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Jedediah Huntington, 25 June 1780 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Jedediah

  Letter not found: to Brig. Gen. Jedediah Huntington, 25 June 1780. In his second letter of 25 June, Huntington wrote GW that he had “recd Yours by Lt Keeler from Pequananck June 25.”


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Jedediah Huntington, 25 June 1780
From: Huntington, Jedediah
To: Washington, George

Storm’s, Yappo, 7 Miles from Suffrans [N.Y.]25 June [1780] One Clock P.M.
Dear Sir,

hearing that the River is clear of the Enemy, I am thus far on my way to the Mouth of the Clove I shall reach it at sunset & halt for the Night,

or, if it is thought best, halt here till Night & make a Night March towards Kings ferry which will enable me to cross the River by Tomorrow Night—As the Wind is down the River I think there will be no Danger in attempting to pass tomorrow—I have sent several Persons below & to the Ferry to gain & bring me Intelligence at successive Periods—I wrote Genl Howe this Morning that I should be at Suffrans this Night. I am dr Sir with the greatest Respect your Excellencys most Obedt servant

J. Huntington

My Baggage has kept up with the March of the Troops.
I have sent forward to know What Boats are at the ferry & if Yr Excellency or Genl Howe orders me to pass there I shall send a Person in season to have them ready.


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 25 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

Sir
Head Quarters Whippany [N.J.] 25th June 1780

Since I had the honor of addressing Congress on the 20th the following movements have taken place on the part of the Enemy and on our part.
The conduct of the Enemy and our intelligence giving us reason to suspect a design against West Point, on the 21st—the army, except two Brigades & the Horse (left under the command of General Greene to cover the Country and our stores) was put in motion to proceed slowly towards Pompton. On the 22d It arrived at Rockaway Bridge about eleven miles from Morris Town. The day following the Enemy moved in force from Elizabeth Town towards Springfield. They were opposed with great conduct and spirit by Major Generals Greene and Dickinson, with the Continental Troops and such of the Militia as were assembled; but with their superiority in numbers they of course gained Springfield—burnt the Village and retired the same day to their former position. In the night they abandonned it—crossed over to Staten Island and took up their bridge. I beg leave to refer Congress to General Greene’s report for particulars.
The Enemy advanced on this occasion with so serious an aspect that we were compelled to act upon the supposition of their menacing our stores. A Brigade was detached to fall in with their right flank and the Army moved back towards Morris Town five or six miles, to be more in supporting distance. On receiving intelligence of the Enemy’s withdrawing from the Point, all the Troops were put under marching orders for the North River; but the weather prevented their commencing their march before this morning.

The late movements of the Enemy seem to have no satisfactory solution but an enterprise against West point—our last advices look strongly to the same object—yet there are many powerful reasons against it. But as we are now in a great degree rid of the incumbrance of our stores by the measures taken to remove them, prudence demands that our dispositions should be principally relative to West Point. We shall do every thing in our power for its security; and in spite of the peculiar embarrassments of our situation, I hope not without success.
The Enemy have not made their incursions into this State without loss—ours has been small. The Militia deserve every thing that can be said on both occasions—They flew to arms universally and acted with a spirit equal to any thing I have seen in the course of the War. With every sentiment of respect I have the honor to be Your Excellency’s Most Obet & hum. servant

Go: Washington

P.S. I am honored with two letters from Congress of the 18th & 21st. I beg leave to inclose copy of a letter of the 21st to the Board of War on the subject of Major Lees Infantry by which Congress will see my sentiments—I request they will be pleased to instruct the Board of War, as to them appears best.


Title: To George Washington from Ephraim Martin, 25 June 1780
From: Martin, Ephraim
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Springfield June 25th 80

I think it my duty to acquaint your Excellency with the state of facts respecting Abm Veel now in provost for harbouring & encouraging those spies who were executed. No man in the world is more averse to schreening the guilty, & I think it equally my duty to assist in relieving

the innocent. I have long been acquainted with Veel; his character has always been that of an inoffensive, peacable man. I have taken the utmost pains to investigate the matter & I assure your Excellency, that in my most candid opinion, he is not the guilty person. I am on the track of the facts & hope very soon to unmask the whole affair. At present I am well convincd that a certain Jos: Shadwell, a relation of Veel’s wife introduced the spies to his barn contrary to the knowledge of said Veel, but perhaps not without the knowledge of his wife.
Should not your Excellency think proper to dismiss Veel altogether from this representation I will be responsable for his appearance at any future day, if suspicions continue against him & I request that for the present, he may be permited to return to his family.
I have explained the matter much more fully to Maj. Gen: Greene & Lord stirling, whom I beg leave to refer your Excellency for further satisfaction on the head. I am, with the highest esteem & respect your Excellency’s most obedient and very humble servant

Eph: Martin


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Maxwell, 25 June 1780 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Maxwell, William

  Letter not found: to Brig. Gen. William Maxwell, 25 June 1780. On 26 June, GW wrote Maxwell that “by a Line last night” he had directed Maxwell to halt his brigade.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Henry Willis, 25 June 1780
From: Willis, Henry
To: Washington, George

Sir
White House near Kings Ferry [N.Y.] June 25th 1780

By the last Expresses from Captain Lawrence who commands a company of State Troops now stationed [at] a Place called the Sloat 20 Miles below Kings Ferry I am inform’d the Enemies Shipping have all retired down to Fort Washington—they landed a Party of Refugees and Negroes at Cloaster Dock four Miles below the Sloat on Saturday Afternoon and burnt 6 or 7 Houses, and did other Mischief to the Inhabitants of that Vicinity—The Shipping that lay opposite to Tallers Point also about Sun Rise yesterday Morning fell down with the rest so that the Navigation at Kings Ferry is now clear and uninterrupted—There is nothing further within the Compass of my Knowledge worthy of your Excellencies Notice—I hope your Excellency will excuse my making Use of such Paper as this—It is a very scar[c]e Article here—I have the Honour to be your most Obedient huml. Sert

Henry Willis


Title: General Orders, 26 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters Ramapough [N.J.] Monday June 26th 1780
Parole Sardinia  Countersigns U: A.Watchword Bayonet

[Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Colonel Butler. Lieutenant Colonel Olney. Brigade Major Alexander.
The Commander in Chief requests General Greene and all the officers and men under his Command to accept his warmest thanks for the good Conduct and Gallantry displayed in opposing the Enemy in their advance to springfield the 23d Instant.
The Regiment of Colonel Angell from its situation had an opportunity of more particularly distinguishing itself and is entitled to particular notice.
The General has observed with the highest satisfaction that the Behavior of the Troops upon every late occasion has exhibited signal proofs how much may be expected from their Valor improved as it now is by discipline and affords the highest presage of Success in our future operations.
Major General Lord Stirling ’till further Orders will take the Command of Hand’s and Stark’s brigades.
All the General Officers in Camp will meet tomorrow morning nine o clock at Lord Stirling’s Quarters to resume the consideration of the dispute of rank between Colonels Livingston & Hazen.


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Jean-Baptiste de Gouvion, 26 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Gouvion, Jean-Baptiste de

Sir
Paquonnick [N.J.] June 26th 1780.

You will proceed to West Point and take the orders of Major General Howe. If the movements of the enemy up the River should not engage your attention otherwise, you will as far as circumstances permit employ yourself in providing fascines and gabions and any other necessary articles at convenient places. I am with the greatest esteem Sir Yr most Obedt ser.


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Udny Hay, 26 June 1780 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Hay, Udny

  Letter not found: to Lt. Col. Udny Hay, 26 June 1780. On 28 June, Hay wrote GW: “I am honourd with yours of 26th.” Hay indicated the contents of this letter when he wrote New York governor George Clinton on 28 June: “By the enclosed Copy of a Letter from his Excellency, the commander in chief, you will see I am immediately to turn my attention towards making a very large transportation from the western borders of this State to New Windsor [N.Y]” (Hastings and Holden, Clinton PapersHugh Hastings and J. A. Holden, eds. Public Papers of George Clinton, First Governor of New York, 1777–1795, 1801–1804. 10 vols. 1899–1914. Reprint. New York, 1973., 5:890–91).


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Jedediah Huntington, 26 June 1780 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Jedediah

  Letter not found: to Brig. Gen. Jedediah Huntington, 26 June 1780. On that date, Huntington wrote a second letter to GW: “Recd yours of 6 oClock by Express.”


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Jedediah Huntington, 26 June 1780
From: Huntington, Jedediah
To: Washington, George

near suffrans [N.Y.] one Clock A.M.26 June [1780]
Dear Sir,

just recd this by one of the Persons employed to gain Intelligence ’tis the only Information I have had of the Matter—shall hear again in the Morning—my Baggage is in Train to enter the Clove. I am &c.

J. Huntington


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Jedediah Huntington, 26 June 1780
From: Huntington, Jedediah
To: Washington, George

Mouth of [Smiths] Clove [N.Y.] 26 June [1780]10 oClock
Dear Sir,

I hear from Kings Ferry that 30 Ships were off Fort Washington Yesterday—1 Frigate & 2 tenders near Tallers Point that the three latter returned to the fleet in the Afternoon—I forget to mention that a Party of the Enemy (from 30 to 50) have burnt 5 or 6 Houses and as many Barns at ⟨Shr⟩onenburg, the Property of Whigs, they staid no longer than just to do the sd Business.
half after ten—Recd yours of 6 oClock by Express shall put the Troops in Motion immediately—And give Genl Howe Notice as You direct—inclose a Letter from Genl Howe. In meantime Am most respectfully your Excellency Obedt servt

J. Huntington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Henry Knox, 26 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Knox, Henry

Dear Sir
Pequanic [N.J.] 26th June 1780

It is highly necessary that an estimate should be formed of the quantity of Ordnance Stores necessary for the expected cooperation in its fullest extent, that by comparing it with the General Return of those on hand, we may be able to ascertain the deficiency, which I very much fear (notwithstanding the pressing call upon the Board of War & Ordnance last fall when Ct D’Estaing was expected for an ample supply of every thing in this way) will be considerable. I know not whether you may have such of your papers with you as will enable you to form such an Estimate with accuracy, but I would wish you to make out the best that circumstances will admit, and furnish the Committee at Morris Town with one Copy and me with another—Some of the States may perhaps have considerable quantities of private stores, and therefore the sooner we can come to a knowledge of our wants the better, as we shall have the more time to make application to the States for what they can spare, and to draw them towards the probable place of operation. I am, &.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Maxwell, 26 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Maxwell, William

Dr Sir
Paquonnick [N.J.] June 26: 1780 6 OClock A.M.

From some information I have received this morning—I think it necessary that Your Brigade should advance, which I directed to halt by a Line last night. You will therefore march on with it till You join the

Army, unless You should receive orders to the contrary. I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt st

G. Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Mitchell, 26 June 1780
From: Mitchell, John
To: Washington, George

Dr Sir
Philada 26 June 1780

Your Excellency’s favor of the 18th Instant, did not come to hand before the 23d Instant in the Evening. I have sent a piece of Jean and a piece of Drilling by the Bearer, Peter Misner Express, with Moulds, Thread, Silk & hairs I hope they will please; I cou’d not get any of the best White Drilling, this is Strong & good. hope there is sufficent Lining & triming for the whole I got a Taylor to procure them—If any thing is wanting it shall be sent immediately—inclosed is copy of the Bills of cost, I have a prospect of geting a good Butler for your Excellency, if his Charicter on examination proves good I will send him on, & send some Tea & Sugar with him.
Mrs Washington is very well & expects to sett off for Virginia on Sunday next—the Chariot will be finished on Thursday or Friday next, & I believe will please your Lady—notwithstanding my constant aplication to Mr Bringhurst he did not get the Carriage done in time—I sent Six Bottles of Mustard by Willet an Express. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect Your Excellency’s Most Obedt hume Servt

Jno. Mitchell


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant John Stagg, 26 June 1780
From: Stagg, John
To: Washington, George

[Tappan] Sloat, opposite Tarry town [N.Y.]June 26th 1780. 6 o’clock P.M.
Sir

I have nothing material, to transmit your Excellency, respecting the enemy’s movements up the North River—this I can say, that a fleet of 55 Sail (a list of which is inclosed) lay at anchor directly opposite to Philips’s, about six miles above Kingsbridge—yesterday, between eleven and twelve, they landed some of their troops, not exceeding seven or eight hundred, but took no tents ashore.
Your Excellency may rely on having the earliest intelligence of any movements on the river.
I have communicated the purport of the above to Genl Huntington, agreeable to yr Excellency’s instructions. & have the honor to be, your Excellency’s Most obedient Servt

Jno. Stagg.


Title: General Orders, 27 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters Ramapough [N.J.] Tuesday June 27th 1780
Parole Maryland  Countersigns Perth: Po.Watchword Cannon

[Officers] For this Day[:] Colonel W. Stewart[,] Major C. Stewart[,] Brigade Major Van Laër
The Guards to be Paraded at two o clock this afternoon.

After Orders
The Board of General Officers appointed to settle rank between Colonels Hazen and Livingston having reported on the admission of the Parties that the Commission of Colonel Hazen was dated the 22d day of January 1776 and that Colonel Livingston produced one dated the 20th of November 1775 and a Written Warrant and Instructions from Brigadier General Montgomery of the same date for raising a regiment; That Congress by a subsequent Resolution on the 8th of January following approved the appointment of Colonel Livingston by General Montgomery; That by another Resolution of the 15 of August in the same year they ordered a Colonel’s Commission to be given to him “He having been appointed a Colonel of a Regiment by General Montgomery” and that in the opinion of the Board Colonel Livingston ought to have rank as Colonel from the 20th of November 1775 agreeable to the Appointment of General Montgomery.
The Commander in Chief confirms the opinion of the board and Colonel Livingston is to take rank of Colonel Hazen.
The same Board having taken into Consideration at the request of the Parties the rank of their regiments have reported the same to be in favor of Colonel Hazen’s which the Commander in Chief likewise approves and the regiments are to rank accordingly.
[Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Colonel Craige[,] Major Reid[,] Brigade Major Church


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 27 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

Dr Sir
Head Quarters Ramapaugh [N.J.] June 27th 1780

In the absence of the committee agreeable to the direction of your Excellency’s letter I opened it and perused the contents. The measures taken by the legislature are vigorous and correspondent to that spirit which has uniformly actuated them. In the execution I am persuaded whatever depends on you will be done. I regret that there seems to have been a mistake in a very essential article—the men for completing the battalions. I know not what may have been the intention of the committee, but mine was to have the battalions filled to their establishment in the field, independent of the levies for frontier service, and my calculations of the force requisite for the intended co-operation have turned upon this principle: any thing short of it will be a serious and injurious disappointment.
As I am not near enough the committee to take their sense, and as the point is of too much importance to admit delay, I have thought proper instantly to return your express with an explanation of my views: If they arrive before the legislature rises I intreat your Excellency to lay my letter before them and obtain their determination. There is ⟨a certain⟩ proportion of regular continental ⟨force whic⟩h is essential to our success, and ⟨the full co⟩mpliment of our continental ⟨batalions⟩ is the least that gives a tolerable ⟨prospect of⟩ success. By having these we ⟨may possi⟩bly lessen the number of militia, ⟨but withou⟩t these no additional number ⟨of Militia⟩ will compensate for the defi⟨ciency. Yo⟩ur Excellency’s knowlege of ser⟨vice will⟩ make this reasoning clear to you, ⟨and superse⟩des the necessity of any arguments ⟨to inforce it⟩. I have the honor to be with ⟨perfect resp⟩ect and esteem your Excellency’s Most Obt & hble ser.

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 27 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

My Dear Sir,
Head Quarters Ramapaugh [N.J.] June 27th 1780

I duly received your letter of the 17th and am much obliged to you for the succour so readily afforded to West Point. The reinforcement of continental Troops sent there and the present disposition of the Army make it inexpedient at this time to keep the militia in the field and I have therefore directed General Howe to dismiss them. The continuing them in service at this time would be peculiarly inconvenient, both because it would impede our preparations and would be injurious to agriculture. In particular it would interfere with the measure of drafting to complete the Continental Battalions to their full establishment, which is the pivot on which the intended co-operation must absolutely turn. Without it, we can certainly undertake nothing decisive, scarcely anything offensive. I am therefore willing to submit to all the embarrassments arising from the present weakness of the army, rather than retard that essential measure by employing the militia.
I cannot forbear entreating Your Excellency to give all your aid to the execution of the measures recommended by the Committee of Congress. I assure you with the greatest sincerity, that nothing short of them will answer our purpose, and that I am fully persuaded from a general view of European and American affairs—the fate of our cause depends on the exertions of this campaign. The sparing system has been too long tried by many of the States, till it has brought us to a crisis little less than desperate, and if the opportunity now before us be neglected,

I fear it will be too late to retrieve our affairs. As I always speak to Your Excellency in the confidence of friendship, I scruple not to confess, that the prevailing politics for a considerable time past have filled me with inexpressible anxiety and apprehension and have uniformly appeared to me to threaten the subversion of our independence; Happy will it be if a period to them is now arrived, and a change of measures intervenes to save us from ruin.
When I make these observations justice demands that I should acknowledge to the honor of your State that the pernicious system I have complained of has not influenced your councils; but that new York is among the few that has felt the necessity of energy, and considering its situation has done every thing that could be expected from it. I doubt not a perseverance in the same plan; and that Your Excellency’s influence will be as it has been successfully employed to promote it. With everry sentiment of respect & regard I am your Excellencys Most obet & hum. Servant

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to the Committee at Headquarters, 27 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Committee at Headquarters

Gentlemen
Ramapough [N.J.] June 27th 1780

I have the Honor to transmit You a Letter of the 22d Instant which I received last night from the Assembly of Maryland, in consequence of the requisitions which have been made them with respect to Men, and my Answer to it, which I have left open for your perusal & consideration, and the propriety of which You will be pleased ultimately to determine by a Letter from yourselves. The proposition the Assembly has made for raising an Extra Battallion in lieu of the Militia required, appears to me eligible under the circumstances they have mentioned & the footing on which I have placed it; and it will be fortunate for us, if they should be able to accomplish their views in general in a reasonable time, of adding so respectable and permanent a force to the Army as the one they propose. From their past exertions upon every occasion, I am persuaded they will use every practicable means in their power to effect it. If the Committee view the proposition in the light I do—they

will be pleased to inform the Assembly by the Return of the Express, of their approbation of the measure. I am also to request that they will be so obliging, after reading my Letter, as to seal & forward it.
The designs of the Enemy remain still to be develloped. By accounts received last night from an Officer stationed at Sloot’s opposite Tarry Town, Fifty five sail of Vessels of different sizes, lay at anchor off phillips’s. The day before a body of Troops, said to be between Seven & Eight Hundred, debarked from them on the East side of the River. This ⟨is⟩ my latest and most direct intelligence. I have the Honor to be With great respect & regard Gentn Yr Most Obedt servant

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Udny Hay, 27 June 1780
From: Hay, Udny
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fish Kill [N.Y.] 27 June 1780

I last night had the honour of receiving your Excellencys letter respecting the flour at Ringwood, and this morning proper Persons were dispatched for procuring a sufficient number of teams to bring on the whole at once, I flatter myself from the letters I have wrote both to the Justices and the people we shall have no great difficulty in obtaining them.
I have begd the store keepers to lett me know from time to time when any considerable quantity arrived.
Permitt me to request your Excellency will order the road from Ringwod to New Windsor to be thoroughly repaird, We must rely on the Army totally for that piece of service, and as it is probable that a great deal of transportation will be made that way, I doubt not of your thinking it necessary to be executed as soon as it conveniently can.
I have the happiness of acquainting your Excellency that the supply of salt provisions & Fish already come & still coming on is far from being despicable, considering the miserable situation we were lately in for want of these necessary articles, We have obtaind too by empress a

small supply of rum, and I hear twenty hogsheads from the eastward are on their way and near this place. I have the Honour to be with every sentiment of respect & esteem, Your Excellencys, most obedt and very humble Sert

Udny Hay


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Udny Hay, 27 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Hay, Udny

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Ramapough [N.J.] 27th June 1780

I have received your favr of this date. Since I wrote to you last I have been informed that there are not more than three hundred Barrels of Flour at present at Ringwood—You need therefore only send teams for that quantity—the remainder may be employed upon the sussex Route.
I shall give directions to have the Road from Ringwood to New Windsor surveyed and repaired. I am Dear Sir yr most obt Servt.

P.S. Be pleased to forward the letter herewith for Govr Clinton immediately by an Express, it being of great importance.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 27 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

Dr Sir
Head Quarters Ramapough [N.J.] June 27th 1780

Before this the Connecticut division will probably have joined you. The rest of the army arrived here yesterday. The delay which has occurred makes it probable the enemy either had not or have relinguished the project of attacking West Point; and only intend to retard our preparations by menacing us at different points and obliging us to call out the militia. I believe what they have done hitherto will rather be of service than disservice to us as it seems to have given a stimulous to the states. But this would not be the case if we should continue to keep in the field a considerable body of militia which besides interfering with the drafts

for the Continental batalions, will injure the operations of Agriculture. The removal of our stores in the Jerseys to remoter deposits and the present disposition of our Continental force seem to supersede the necessity of the services of the Militia and to give us tolerable security without them. I have therefore written to send back the Militia marching from Massachusettes & Connecticut; the letters for this purpose are inclosed; you will be pleased to forward them without delay.
With the augmentation of the Connecticut line I take it for granted, your garrison will amount in Continental troops to the number mentioned in a former letter. You will therefore dismiss all the militia which may be in the garrison. If your number should not be complete without them you can detain one of the Connecticut state regiments.
You will be pleased immediately to send me an exact field return on the honor of the Officers commanding brigades of the number of Continental troops under your command, fit for action—of the serviceable military stores of every kind and of your provision specifying the quantity at each work—that I may form a judgment with certainty upon your situation. These returns may be sent successively as they may be completed. I am with the greatest esteem & regard D. Sir Your most Obedt.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 27 June 1780
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Stoney Point [N.Y.] 27th june 1780

I have Such intelligence as makes it more than probable the Enemy look this way, tho’ not having had it from my most authentic sources I can not speak of it positively. I wish They may Attempt it with all my heart, Contest becomes requisite some where, the carolina Debt should be paid off, and West Point seems to be a good Bank to Draw upon, may it answer their Draughts I pray God I have Communicated you[r] orders to Captains Bannister, & Benson Commad⟨rs⟩ at Stoney & Verplanks Points, they are Brave and discreet, & I doubt not their proper conduct. they Look’d Hurt by the Idea of Relinquishing, and will not

do it improperly I am persuaded I am my Dear General with the Most Sincere Respect and affection your Exellency’s most obt Hu. Servant

R. Howe


Title: From George Washington to Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer and Josiah Beall, 27 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Jenifer, Daniel of St. Thomas,Beall, Josiah

Gentlemen
Head Quarters Ramapaugh [N.J.] 27th June 1780

I was last Evening honored with yours of the 22d Inst. containing propositions of both Houses for substituting a compleat additional Battalion inlisted for the War, in lieu of the aid of Militia required by the Committee of Cooperation in conjunction with me. The reasons urged by you, in support of this alteration, are weighty, and such as, all circumstances considered, I think are sufficient to induce an acceptance of your offer, provided you can be upon a certainty of filling and marching the Battalion to the place of rendezvous by or near the time fixed upon for the junction of the Militia or at furthest by the last of July—But this you will be pleased to observe is only my opinion upon the subject. As the Committee of Cooperation are yet at Morris Town, some distance from hence, I have taken the liberty, to save time, of putting this letter under a flying seal to them, and have desired them, if they coincide with me, to forward it to you, with their approbation of the measure.
It cannot yet be determined whether the whole or any of the Levies to compleat your Continental Battalions will be wanted to the Southward—perhaps circumstances may require that part of them should be sent to that quarter, and part came to this. It would be therefore most convenient to form them into two Corps for the present, under the care of such number of Officers as Major General Baron de Kalb will be able to spare from the Line. The number I am confident will be but few, as the Regiments were most of them very deficient of Subalterns when they marched from this Army. Inclosed you will find a letter to the Baron upon the subject.
I cannot help impressing upon you, Gentlemen, the indispensible necessity of filling and forwarding the additional Battalion in the time I have before mentioned, or of having the whole, or the greater part of the Militia required, ready for service, in case you see no probability of compleating the Battalion. As twenty five hundred Militia from your State were, by our Estimates, deemed essential to the cooperation, you will easily perceive that so great a diminution of force, altho’ the composition will be better, must be attended with many inconveniencies.

The compleating your Continental Battalions is a matter of equal importance.
Give me leave, Gentlemen, to present, through you, my warmest acknowledgments to both your Houses for their ready attention to and compliance with the several requisitions, more especially of provisions, which I have lately been under the necessity of making from them: And from the tenor of the letter which I have now the honor of answering—I am confident that no means will be left untried to furnish the Men in question, either upon a permanent establishment, or if that cannot be done in a reasonable time, for a temporary service. I have the Honor to be with the most perfect Respect Gentlemen Your most obt and most humble Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major Henry Lee, Jr., 27 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Henry Jr.

Dr Sir
Ramapaugh [N.J.] June 27 1780

You may remain in your present position till further orders. In the mean while and without delay I request you to reconnoitre the country well about Totawa and between that and Pompton by the routs of Col.

Deys & Prekenis; and report to me the kind of roads—passes—and quantity of green forage, with other circumstances that come under a military view. I am Dr Your ob. ser.

G.W.

P.S. There is a mountain in front of Prekenis which by my maps appear[s] to extend from the great falls to Pompton. What passes are there over it? and how would a right flank at or near the great falls be secured?


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Meredith and Thomas Barclay, 27 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Meredith, Samuel,Barclay, Thomas

Gentlemen.
Head Quarters Ramapaugh [N.J.] 27th June 1780

I have been favored with your letter of the 24th. The spirit and exertions of the citizens of Philadelphia while they relieve us from the most pressing embarrassments cannot fail to produce a happy effect on our affairs in general. They claim and deserve the thanks of their country.
With respect to the supplies which you have been appointed by them to forward, at this juncture or while the Jersey is free from the operations of the enemy they may be ordered by the common route to New-Windsor. As this route however is subject to interruption you will be pleased from time to time to consult with Mr Forman Q.M. who will be informed on this head. He will also point out to you the stages for the teams. I would beg leave to recommend that there be no accumulation of the supplies made at Trenton or any intermediate place between that and the North river. It would be establishing an object for the enemy which will be prevented by your having them transported from Philada in such quantities as shall be proportioned to the means which can be provided for forwarding them to N: Windsor. I am Gentln.


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Spotswood, 27 June 1780
From: Spotswood, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Dr Sir
June 27th 1780

Capt. Stith Brings out a horse which I think will Suit, provided you have no objection to his Age—he is ten years of Age this Spring, was brought in From England a Colt by Mr Chs Yates, in whose possetion he has remained ever Since—he is a horse of fine Constitution, and has never been injured, Indeed I do not believe the horse has ever been rode 2,000 Miles Since his Comeing into the Country—he is a fine figure of a horse & his gates I think fine. however shd your excellency not approve of him you may return him by Ct. Stith—wishing yr Excellency a Successfull Campaign I remain with great Afft. & Esteem yr Exclls mt Ob. St

A. Spotswood


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant John Stagg, 27 June 1780
From: Stagg, John
To: Washington, George

No. 2

At the [Tappan] Sloat, opposite Tarry town [N.Y.]June 27th 1780 ⟨3⟩ o’clock P:M.
Sir.

I have just return’d from below, reconoitring the enemy’s fleet, had an excellent view of them—About 8 o’clock this morning, 14 Transports, with several smaller vessels, went down the river; at half past

twelve, they were five or six miles below Fort Washington, and as the tide of Ebb, at that time, was sufficient to carry them to New-York, I believe they will continue their sail—It is out of my power to inform your Excellency, whether these vessels sailed empty or not, as they were several miles down the river, when I first discovered them—There now remains

  1
Sloop of war of
20 guns.

  1
Brig
18 guns.

  1
Sloop
10 guns.

  13
large Transports; mounting from 4 to 8 guns each.

  28
small Craft, such as Schooners, Sloops &c.

this is the exact number riding at anchor, at one o’clock this day—The troops I believe are all on shore, as the transports appear empty; indeed two encampments are in view (tho’ not extensive) about half a mile to the N:E: of Philips’s house—The troops are [in] brush Tents—their picquets advanced at least two miles.
It is now near high water, and the wind from the Southward, all still. I have the honor to be Yr Excellency’s mo[s]t obdt servt

Jno. Stagg.

Since writing the above, a Gentleman, of whose intelligence I can confide in, is returned from the opposite shore, three miles below Tarry town, where he received accounts from a good friend in that quarter, in confidence, that Genl Sr Henry Clinton, with most of the British Army, was as far up as East Chester—that the enemy’s shipping were ordered up the East river, a part of those in the North River among the rest (this appears probable, from the information I gave your Excellency, respecting the sailing of some of the North river fleet)—that it was generally supposed by friends below, that they would penetrate into Connecticut—Nothing further. Yr Excellency’s humble servt

Jno. Stagg.

I shall endeavour to gain further intelligence and transmit it to yr Excellency with dispatch.


Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 27 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.

Dear Sir,
Head Quarters Ramapaugh [N.J.] June 27th 1780

By a letter from Your Excellency to Major General Howe, which he communicated to me, it appeared, that you were ordering a body of two thousand Militia to his assistance. This measure at the time was a very eligible one; but as, by the removal of our stores most exposed, we have had it in our power to detach a reinforcement of Continental Troops to West Point, and to remove the rest of the army to this place, I consider that important Post as now in a state of sufficient security to enable us to dispense with the immediate services of the Militia—The calling them forth will be peculiarly inconvenent at this time, both because it will impede our preparations and injure agriculture. The completing the Continental Battalions, by an instant draft, to their full establishment, is the pivot on which the intended cooperation absolutely turns. Without this We can undertake nothing offensive; for which reason I am willing to submit to all the embarrassments arising from the present weakness of the army, rather than retard that essential measure by employing the militia. I therefore advise that the body of Militia (now probably on the march) may return home and only be held in readiness—The Enemy continue to menace us.
I can omit no occasion of repeating my earnest entreaties to Your Excellency to use all your influence to forward the measures recommended by the committee of cooperation. I assure you with the greatest sincerity, and truth, that nothing short of them will answer our purpose and that I am fully persuaded, from a general view of European and American affairs, the fate of our cause depends on the exertions of this campaign. The sparing system has been too long tried, till it has brought us to a crisis little less than desperate, and if the opportunity now before us be neglected, I believe it will be too late to retrieve our affairs—These are ideas, that I may safely trust to your judgment, though I know they would be slighted by those indolent and narrow politicans, who, except at the moment of some signal misfortune, are continually crying—all is well; and who to save a little present expence and avoid some temporary inconvenience (with no ill designs in the main), would protract the War and risk the perdition of our liberties. As I always speak to Your Excellency in the confidence of friendship I shall not scruple to confess that the prevailing politics, for a considerable time past, have filled me with inexpressible anxiety and apprehension, and have uniformly appeared to me to threaten the subversion of our independence. I hope a period to them is now arrived & that a change of measures will save us from ruin.
I beg Your Excellency to accept my warmest acknowledgements for

your exertions in support of West Point. With perfect respect & esteem I have the honor to be Your Excellency’s Most Obet & hum. Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to James Wilkinson, 27 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Wilkinson, James

Sir
Head Quarters Ramopaugh [N.J.] 27th June 1780

I have recd your favr of the 24th. If I remember right most or all of the Cloathing coming from Phila. is of the kind which the Army will immediately want, it may therefore come on in the first instance to Morris Town and from thence according to Circumstances—It will be well to order about one thousand pair of shoes immediately to the Army, as I observe many of the Men are in want.
Be pleased to let me know what prospects you have of getting the linen Cloathing from Springfield brought forward. I am &.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Henry Willis, 27 June 1780
From: Willis, Henry
To: Washington, George

sr
White House [N.Y.] June 27th 1780

The inclose’d just came to hand from Captn Lawrence, it contains the number of the enemies vessels & land forces in the river. I have the honour to be your most Obedient humble Sert

Henry Willis Lt L.D.


Title: General Orders, 28 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, Ramapough [N.J.] Wednesday June 28th 1780
Parole Monmouth  Countersigns Fight FameWatchword Success.

[Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Lieutenant Colonel Commandant Hubley. Major James Moore[,] Brigade Major Bradford
The Picquet on the right to be increased with the Addition of a Captain Sub. Serjeant Corporal and twenty nine privates.
A Sub., Two Serjeants two Corporals and twenty five men to be Posted at the Mill on the left.
A jill of Rum ⅌ man to be issued to the troops this evening.
The General Court martial whereof Colonel Meigs is President is dissolved.


Title: To George Washington from Major Henry Lee, Jr., 28 June 1780 [letter not found]
From: Lee, Henry Jr.
To: Washington, George

  Letter not found: from Maj. Henry Lee, Jr., 28 June 1780. On that date, Lee wrote GW: “I wrote your Excellency this morning.”


Title: To George Washington from Major Henry Lee, Jr., 28 June 1780
From: Lee, Henry Jr.
To: Washington, George

Paramus [N.J.] 28th June 80

I wrote your Excellency this morning. Since which I have acquired more explicit knowledge of the enemy’s situation in Bergen Woods.
They certainly may be expelled the country. Perhaps they may be made prisoners. It would give peace to the inhabitants for twenty Miles around & very much assist agriculture.
Scarce a night passes but ten or twelve horses are stolen.
Another good consequence would result from this expidition; we might collect two or three hundd bushels forage, our horses are in great want.
I have fifty infantry now with me—100 more will be necessary.
If your Excly approves of the attempt, I wish to attempt it tomorrow

night; therefore the necessary reinforcement ought to arrive at Paramus M. house by 10 in the morning.
I shall wait here for your Excly answe[r]. yours most respectfully

Henry Lee Junr

N.B. If they cannot reach Paramus by 10, we must postpone till the next night—In this case I wish them to halt tomorrow (till they hear from me) at Mr Fells.


Title: To George Washington from Francis Van Dyke, 28 June 1780 [letter not found]
From: Van Dyke, Francis
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Francis Van Dyke, 28 June 1780. On 10 July, GW wrote Van Dyke: “I have recd yours of the 22d 28th and 29th last month” (DLC:GW).


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 29 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Ramapaugh [N.J.] 29th June 1780

I have received your several favors of the 12th 21st 23d and 25th instants. I think it but reasonable that the extra expences incurred by your present command should be defrayed by the public, and I will, upon your being releived, furnish you with a Warrant upon the Military Chest for the amount. You will draw from the Commissary whatever it is in his power to provide.

Your Baggage, which is at the Highlands, may as well remain there, as it is more than probable that you will come on yourself to that quarter, as soon as you have put matters in proper train for the reception and accomodation of our Allies, who may be now daily expected.
I shall take the earliest occasion of endeavouring to effect the exchange of Capt. Duville. I have had so little to do with marine prisoners, that I cannot say whether we have an Officer of equal Rank in our possession.
Were the clause in the Act of Rhode Island, to which you refer, carried into execution, it would make a very great inequality in the strength of the two Regiments—more especially, as Colonel Angells suffered the loss of upwards of forty in killed—wounded and missing by their gallant behaviour on the 23d instant at Springfeild. Instead, therefore, of the mode proposed by the Assembly, I think it will be best to march Colonel Greenes Regiment, and the Levies when collected, to the Army, and upon their arrival here, so arrange and model them, as to level the Regiments. The objection to joining Greenes may be removed, by dividing the Blacks in such a manner between the two, as to abolish the name and appearance of a Black Corps. Under these circumstances, I would not have Colo. Greenes Regt to move this way, untill the greater part of the Levies have come in, they may then march together, and some Officers may be left to collect and bring on what remain. They may in the mean time, be employed in training and cutting Fascines.
I am exceedingly pleased to hear that the Council have given up the College to Docr Craick, who would have been otherwise much distressed for convenient Hospitals. I am with great Esteem Dear Sir Your most obt Servt


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Jefferson, 29 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Jefferson, Thomas

Dr Sir
[Ramapo, N.J., 29 June 1780]

I have been honored with two of your Excellency’s favors both of the 11th inclosing an extract of a letter from Governor Rutlege.
I cannot but feel most sensibly affected by several parts of your Excellency’s letter. The successive misfortunes to the Southward—the progress of the enemy—and the great deficiency in military stores give

rise to the most serious reflections, while our situation in this quarter precludes every hope of affording you further assistance. What from the system of short inlistments, and the unfortunate delays in filling up our battalions the army in this place, is reduced to a mere handful of men, and left as it were at the mercy of a formidable enemy, subject to see the honor and dignity of the States daily insulted without the power either to prevent it or to retaliate. Under these circumstances your Excellency will perceive how utterly impossible it is to go further in succours than what is already sent. To oppose our Southern misfortunes & surmount our difficulties our principal dependence must be on the means we have left us in your quarter. And it is some consolation amidst all our distresses that these are more than adequate to remove them; and to recover what we have lost that it is only necessary these be properly directed.
The steps your Excellency have taken to establish posts of communication with the Southern army are essential to facilitate your measures the necessity of which I had urged in strong terms to Congress. I am apprehensive that Congress have it not in their power to furnish you with the Cartouch boxes. I have the honor to be with great respect. Yo⟨urs⟩.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Johann Kalb, 29 June 1780
From: Kalb, Johann
To: Washington, George

Sir
Camp Hillsborough [N.C.] June 29th 1780.

The Scarcity of Provisions together with the Difficulties the Commissary’s Departement Labour under to procure any for want of money, and want of Exertion in the States, have rendered my march very tedious, and disagreeable, We live from hand to mouth, and get very little, but what is collected by Detachments, and brought in with our Baggage

Waggons, the Scatter’d few farms in this part, and sending the Corn to Mills occasion great loss of time, nor is there any better prospect. I have ordered the ration of ½ lb. of Meal and ¼ lb. of Meat, to be only one lb. Meal (for flour is not to be had) and the same quantity of ¼ lb. of Beuf, that a quarter more of that shall be Isued in lieu of the ½ lb. of Meal, if thought necessary (but this non desired) and that they shall have full allowance again after the harvest, or as soon as Circumstances will permit.
I wrote my Situation to Governeur Nash, observing with how many inconveniencies this Mode of Subsisting an Army must be attended to the inhabitants, the Officers sent out not being able to do justice to them, in regard to the due proportion, as well as might be done by the Civil authority, and that the Consequences are a great deal worse in respect to the service. it being next to impossible to Oppose the Enemy’s when all the troopes must be employed in hunting Provisions trough a vast extent of Country.
I am to march to morrow with the Maryland Division, the Park of Artillery (to which I have added a Virginia Regiment of State Artillery) towards Haily’s [on] Peedee River I agreed with Major General Caswell to form a junction with him at Coles Bridge on Druning Creek.
I had a head of Me to fall in with the above troops, Lt Colonel Porterfield Virginia State Regt and Major Nelsons Light horse but on very urgent application from the Militia of Guilford County to support them against the Tories Collecting in large Bodies, as it raported from all parts, I have ordered them there, I expect the Tories will disperse or retreat whenever they will find any opposition, for I do not thing, they are Supported by regular troops of the Enemys.
the last Accounts I rec’eived agree that General Clinton and General Lesle’e are embarked for New York with 5000 Men, that Lord Cornwallis is at Cambden, with 2000; about 500 of the 71st Regt under Major M’arthur are on the Cheraw hill west side of Peedee 15 Miles below Haily’s, a post of 40 Man at the long Bluff 15 Miles below the Cheraw, where they collected all the boats on Peedee River, Some Provision and Arms, that there are about 600 inlisted Tories under the Commend of a Colonel Harisson another Post of Brittish troops 400 at hanging Rock.
I also understand that the south Caroline Militia are forced to take Arms and to Repair to Charles town probably to enable Lord Cornwallis to draw out of his regular Troops.
I am quite in the dark as to all eternal News from the South as well as from the East. should be very happy in rec’eiving Orders and Instructions from your Excellency and the Bord of War.
I will do all in my power to protect this State if there is no possibility of Recovering a part of South Carolina. The forces in this Departement

consist in the Maryland Division, which by Discharged, Desertion, Sick, and the Rec’ruts not so Numerus, by far, as was promissd reduced to

Rk & files

  1278

Colonel Harrissons Regt of Artillery
  140

Lt Colonel Edmunds Virga State Regt of Artillery
  175.

Lt Colonel Porterfield Virga State Regiment
  80.

Major Nelsons two Compys of Virga State Light horse
  55.

Col: Armands Corps now at Crass Creek with General Caswell where I have ordered them from Willmingtown, horse and foot I suppose to be about
  200

the Regiments of Col. White’s and Col. Washingtons Light horse I had ordered also if they were fit for Service to join Genl Caswell, did not receive my Lettres in time, I hear they had left Willmingtown before, for want of Provision, and are actualy at Halifax and unable to take the field as yet; I am ingnorant of their number.

Col. Buford hath brought bak about 100 of his own and some other Regiments. I was unwilling to let them return to Virginia, but they having neither Arms nor Cloathing, and the Colonel promissing to provide them there with in the State, and to march them on again in a fourth night, I agreed to
  104.

Capt. Lytle of the North Caroline Brigad has Collecteed
  36.

Some officers of S. Carolina & Gorgia expect some more, there are actualy
  20.

they all promiss to join, I will Consider what form I may give them.

General Caswell does not mention the number of his Militia, but as the Governour in his Lettre to Me, Supposes that instead of 4000 Voted by the Legislature, there will be 3000., I think i may Suppose only
2000.

The Virginia Militia ought to be 2500., to Rendez vous here, B. General Stevens who Commends them expects about 2000. i can say nothing on the Subject, till now there are 7 Compaynies amounting to 250, they are to wait for their Arms &c. to be send from the State; General Stephens does not think to get them before a fourthnight or three Weeks I am apprehensive, I shall not see them in the Army at all.
This is the true State of the troops under my Command. If I am to Continue therein I wuld wish, to have some necessary Staff Officers, such as Surgeons, D. Qr M., Pay M., forrage Master, Commissarrs of Provision & of Isuen, with their appointements either filled up or Blank to be filled up by me, in case none of those before employed in their Departements should make their appearance.

The Virginia State Artillery had four Brass Contl Field pieces, and a havy one belonging to the State this last i have send bak to Taylors ferry on Roanok River, where I had left my two Hauitzers and the Shells, under a Guard of a Compaynie of said State Artillery, So my Park is 14 Pieces, out of which I have annexed two to each Brigade of Maryland and possibly I may give one to each Brigade of Militia if I think it Safe.
I have served the Bord of War with a Copy of this Lettre. With great Respect I have the hounor to be Your Excellencys Most Obiedient and very humble Servant

The Baron de Kalb M. Gl


Title: General Orders, 30 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters Ramapough [N.J.] Friday June 30th 1780

Morning Orders June 30th 1780
Major Forest is appointed officer of the day vice Major Talbot sick.

Parole Westmoreland  Countersigns O. N.Watchword Move-on

[Officers] For the Day Tomorrow[:] Majors Parr[,] Hamilton[,] Brigade Major Van Laër
The Army is to march tomorrow morning four o clock by the right—The Park of Artillery will preserve its place in the Line and the Baggage Waggons will follow the whole in the order of the brigades; after them the Stores of the Army[;] Colonel Moylan’s horse will bring up the rear.
The Quarter Master General will provide Persons to lead the Column to the ground.
After the Army arrives at the new ground the brigade Quartermasters will apply to the Quarter master General for a supply of Tents and the means of bringing them on to their respective brigades and follow the directions they receive from him—It is absolutely necessary we should economise our Tents as much as possible and therefore it is expected no brigade will apply for more than are indispensable.
The Surgeons are requested to have the Sick of their respective regiments who are unfit to remain in Camp sent down to the Pumpton road between the Park of Artillery and General Wayne’s Quarters Tomorrow morning at three o clock where Waggons will be provided to carry them off.

After Orders.
Two men from General Hand’s and one from Stark’s brigades to be sent to Mr Erskine or his Deputy immediately to serve as Chain bearers a few Weeks.
The General will beat at 3 o clock tomorrow morning the Assembleé

half past three and the March to begin precisely at four. The advance Guard to parade on the road opposite General St Clair’s quarters Major Parr will take command of it. The rear Guard on the right of the Pennsylvania Line which Major Hamilton will command.
A Captain 2 Subs. 2 Serjeants 2 Corporals Drum and Fife and Forty Privates to escort the Baggage.
Colonel Livingston’s regiment will take Post in the Clove near the old Barracks and joined by the detachment of General Clinton’s brigade already there will furnish such Guard as may be necessary for the Security of the Stores at Ringwood.


Title: Circular to the States, 30 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

Sir
Head qrs Ramapough [N.J.] June 30th 1780

As the Levies required of the States for filling their Battallions have not yet joined the Army or the French fleet arrived—I beg leave to inform Your Excellency, that it will be unnecessary for the Militia, which the Honble the Committee of Congress were pleased to call for on a late occasion, to be at the place appointed for their Rendezvous, before the 25th of next month. By this time I would willingly hope that things will be in such a Train, as to enable us to commence our operations, and to make their aid essential. The present crisis is by far the most important and delicate that this Country has ever experienced, and it pains me in the extreme that we are so backward in all our measures. I hope a moment will not be lost in pushing on the Levies to fill the Batallions. our allies would be chagrined, were they to arrive to day, to find that we have but a handful of men in the field, and would doubt, it is more than probable, whether we had any serious intentions to prosecute measures with vigor. If we do not avail ourselves of their succour by the most decisive and energetic steps on our part, the aid they so generously bring, may prove our ruin, and at best it will be in such case among the most unfortunate events next to that of absolute ruin, that could have befallen us. I think it my duty as often as I have the honor of addressing the States to forewarn them, that the completion of their Battallions to their full establishment of Five hundred and four rank & file, is a measure of indispensable necessity to the intended

cooperation, and that without it we cannot even attempt any thing decisive. I have the Honor to be with the greatest respect & esteem Your Excellency’s Most Obedt servant

Go: Washington

P.S. As my request to delay the assembling of the Militia at the place appointed for their Rendezvous, proceeds principally from the French Fleet’s not being arrived—I beg leave to observe if this event should have taken place when this reaches Your Excellency or it happens soon after, my request is not to have an operation, but in such case it is my desire that the Assembling of the Militia should be hastened as much as possible.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel John Ely et al., 30 June 1780
From: Ely, John
To: Washington, George

May it please Your Excellency
Long Island [N.Y.] 30 June 1780

A gleam of hope once more appears, that we may at length after a long and tedious Captivity, enjoy those blessings in common with our Countrymen; for which we all have contended, and for which it has been our peculiar misfortune to suffer. Your Excellency must suppose the subject of an exchange so interesting to ourselves, has been frequently canvassed, and every method considered by which it could be effected, in a way most honorable, and at the same time least onorous to the States; but in this, and we hope it is the only instance, our Rank becomes a burthen to us, and is productive of many uneasy ⟨sug⟩gestions, nay does not leave us altogether without apprehensions, that when the happy period may arrive for the liberations of many, perhaps all here⟨,⟩ we shall remain the Victims for want of proper persons pointedly to apply.
Leiutenant General Burgoyne having no person to apply to his Rank, very naturally rises in our view—he will release Ten Colonels, and Eleven sec⟨ond⟩ Leiutenants or Ensigns. His ill state of health, his present little use to our Enemy, the chance of so many to one all seen strongly to enforce the idea of his speedy exchange in that way, and more particularly when the former reason is added.
This is a subject of such interesting importance to us, that we beg leave earnestly to request your Excellency’s particular attention, and in the general plan of the proposed exchange, when negotiating, to hold us in your kind remembrance. We have the honor to be With the Most Perfect esteem & resp⟨ect⟩ Your Excellencys Most Obedt & Most Hble Servants

John ElyWill. AllisonLuke MarburyGeo. MathewsNich. HausseggerNathan Hale


Title: To George Washington from William Fitzhugh, 30 June 1780
From: Fitzhugh, William
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Low’r Marlbro’ Maryland June 30th 1780

I have the Honor to Address you by my Young Soldier, who now Sets Out for Head Quarters & I hope will meet You & Your Lady in Perfect Health.
My Son, being on His return to Captivity, I Entertain some Slight Expectation, That He will be able to Obtain a Common Parole by General Phillips’s Friendship; Mr Smith, Late Secretary to Sir Robt Eden, Promis’d to use His Endeavers to procure it. How far His Interest may Contribute, I know not, But As Captains Swan & Fauntleroy, as well as Others, have been long & Frequently Indulg’d, I Do not Suppose there can be any Particular Cause for refussing it to my Son.
Our General Assembly have been Setting ever Since the 7th Inst. & I believe will rise this Week. I left them two Days ago, to take leave of my Son on His Departure. We have Pass’d Several Acts for the Supplys of Our Army, That for Raiseing Regular Soldiers, I am of Oppinion will Effectually Answer the Intention. It is by a Mode never before us’d Here, & will Interrest the Community in General to procure Men—The whole Property within the State, That of Absentees Inclusive, is Divided into Classes as Equally as Possible—Each County to Furnish a Certain Number of Men—Every Class in Each County to provide its Proportion by the 15th Day of July—On failure of any Class or Classes, They are Under a Penalty of £10 in the Hundred on their whole Property—to be Levy’d on Individuals respectively in proportion to their Several Assessments—On Refusal to Pay Down the Money, The County Leutt or next Commanding Officer, to Issue an Excution against their Estate to raise the Money Immediately, & procure the Men Wanting; This Plan was thought Better than Draughting, As the Latter must have Necessarily Occasion’d Many Partial Exemptions As Heretofore, & Disgusted the People Exceedingly, & Might Excite such an Opposition, as wou’d render a Draught Unsupportable, Shou’d the Present Plan Happily take Effect, As I verily believe it Will, We Shall not in future be under the least Difficulty in Getting whatever Men may be Wanting, & with much More Expedition than by recruiting, which in this State has Generally fail’d, Partly from the Neglect of Recruiting Officers, & Local Circumstances of the Country, But in Greater Measure from the Secret Opposition of Tories, & their Adherants, whom, As they are now Materially Interrested, Will of Course Join in a General Exertion to procure the Men—The Troops to be rais’d are to Serve During the War, to receive Inclusive of the Continental Bounty, 450 Dollars, a Suit of Cloths, 50 Acres of Land, & to be Exempt from Taxes, besides, what they may

receive from their respective Clases, or from the Commanding Officer of the Militia, in Case a Class, or Classes, Shou’d fail to furnish their proportion of Men at the time Appointed.
I did not Approve of the proposition Sent to Your Excellency by Our Legislature, respecting the Militia requir’d, Because We cou’d not be Competant Judges of your Object in that Requisition, & Remonstrating on the Subject, might be Attended with such Delay, as to Defeat your Immediate Purpose; I wish it may Prove Otherways.
I am of Oppinion that a General Embargo at this time in all the United States, wou’d be of Infinite Use & Consequence, It wou’d keep in the States thousands of Able Men, & prevent the Export of Provisions, which I believe is very Extensive, Notwithstanding Our Several Acts of Prohibition; If Your Excellency, & The Committee of Coopperation are of the Same Oppinion, I cou’d wish it had been Recommended in your Circular Letters to the serval States, As I know it wou’d have Great weight to Reconcile, the Partial, & Jaring Interrests of the Several States respecting Each Other, at Least Suspend them for the Present, & wou’d in Every Legislature Put to Silence a Number of Little Petty Traders, who for even a Prospect of Small Profit wou’d Risque the Destruction of their Country: In Pensylvania there is an Embargo, & the Execative of that State Have warmly Recommended to Us the Adoption of the Same Measure, But on the Day I left Annapolis, there were such Divissions on the Subject, That I fear it will not Succeed.
I am Heartily Sorry for the Loss of Charles Town Tho’ I cannot say it was more than I Expected, from the time I was Inform’d of a Resolution taken to Defend it; Having always been of Oppinion, That it is next to Impossible to Sustain a Sea-port Town against an Enemy of Equal or Superior Force & Commanding the Waters: This we Experienc’d at N. York, & the Present Loss, Great as it is I hope will not only prove a Useful Lesson to Us But Rouse America from that Supineness which has been too Long Indulg’d.
Mrs Fitzhugh Joins with Me in Thanks for Your Civility, & repeated Acts of Kindness to Our Son, And in Respectful Complts to You & Your Lady I most sincerely Wish you a Successful, & Glorious Campaign, & Have the Honor to be, with the Utmost Esteem & Regard Your Excellencys Affectionate & Oblig’d Humle Servt

Willm Fitzhugh


Title: To George Washington from Colonel David Forman, 30 June 1780
From: Forman, David
To: Washington, George

Sir
Freehold [N.J.] 30 June 1780 11 oClock at Night

My last Informed Your Excellency that Eight of Adml Abuthnots Ships had gone to the Southward—& that several Light Vessells of War wer[e] Constantly plying in the Offing—My Inteligencers have made No material observations Since untill Yesterday in The afternoon The wind at West five oClock P.M. The Guard Ship Laying at the Hook Fire’d a Gun, at the same Time hoisting a flagg at Her Mizen Top—Immediately all the fleet (32 in Number) that I had the Honr to Inform Your Excly was loaded with Stone for the purpose of Stopping the Ship Channell, Immediately made Sale with the Guard Ship and Stood towards the Narrowes—Soone After the Admls Ship (As Supposed) made Sail, at Sun Set they all Come too at the Tail of the East Bank.
At Sunrise this Morning the Small Vessells prepared for Sinking was again in Motion but reather Appeared to be takeing post.
at Ten oClock A.M. they appeared regularly Arrange’d in the Shallowest water of the Ship Channell, Vizt Betwen the East and West Banks About 12 Miles from Sandy Hook & Six from the Narrowes—at Two oClock P.M. a 44 Gun Ship Laying at Sandy Hook Hoisted a Large Blue Flagg at her Main Mast Head and fired A Gun to Windward, Which my Inteligencer Interperets As a Signal of an Enemy—Yet Nothing Appears in the Offing More then the Usual Cruiseing frigates—he observes & I think it not improbable that the Enemy have observed Some private signals to him imperceptable or Unnotaced of the Approch of a fleet—Indeed I think there Movements give Suffitient groun⟨d⟩ for his Suspicions—I have Taken Some pains to be informed of the Number and force of Arbuthnots Fleet—I dare not say the Acct is Accurate All-though I have it from a Mate of a Vessell in there Servace—Yet I belive the Man Honest in his Information As far as he goes.

Cumberland
74 Guns
Montegue
36 Guns

Europe
64
Phenix No. Guns forgot

Havanah
50
he think a Line Ship

Prince of Orrange
50
Pearl
32

Ship Name forgot
50
Galatee
22 he Thinks

Asia, a New Ship
50
a Number of Sloops Cutters &c.

Roebuck
40

Irish
44

The report of this day is that Genl Clinton is returned to New York without doing any thing—Should the Movements of the Enemies Shipping of Yesterday and to Day be in Consequence of the Approach of the Fleet of France—and they should Sink there Vessells in the place they now Lay it Will I apprehend for a Time render the passage of Large Ships up to the Narrowes Impracticable—the passage into the Hook and up to Amboy will be open. I have the Honr to be Your Excellancyes Most obdt Servt

David Forman


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 30 June 1780
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

Dear General—
Providence June 30th 1780.

I am this moment honored with yours of the 20th Instant. General Glover left this place three days Since on his way to the Highlands. I have ordered an express to follow him immediately with a letter—It is probable the express will not over take him until he arrives at the Highlands.
I have given General Glover all the information your Letter to me would afford and have desired him to repair with all possible expedition to Springfield. I have written to the post master at Boston to forward your Letter from Boston to General Glover at Springfield—and have advertised the recruiting officers in Massachusetts to repair to Springfield.
As it may be Some time before your letter of Instructions may come

to General Glovers hand, permit me to Submit to your Excellency the Sending a duplicate of that Letter, address’d to General Glover at Springfield.
By a Gentleman who arrived here this day from Boston, we learn that a Vessell arrived a day or two Since at that place in about Eight weeks passage from France—the master of which reports that three days before he left France a Fleet of twelve Sail of the Line with 10,000 Land forces, sail’d for America—and that Sixty Sail of the Line were to Sail in a few days—their destination unknown. I have the honor to be, with the greatest respect your Excellency’s Most Obedient Servant

W. Heath

P.S. Capt. La Touch in the Hermione sail’d this morning from Newport Harbour—I suppose on a short cruize.

W.H.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 30 June 1780
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Highlands [N.Y.] 30 June 1780

As soon as General Huntingtons Command Arived, I Wrote to Governor Trumbull a letter of which the inclos’d is a Copy and soon after the Express set out I was so happy as to receive Your Excellencys favour by which I found I had Acted with propriety.
Your letters to both Governors and to General Fellors were in a moment Forwarded.
I made an Instant demand of the Returns Sir you requ[e]sted, they are not yet come in, but will I hope be in to day—they shall be forwarded either in Detail or Aggregate as they come to Hand—My Emissarys have inform’d me that they really believe Sir Henry’s real designs, are Eastward—that he has been lately himself in West and East Chester, that his Troops are posted from Philip’s’s to New Rochelle.
That a smart Body of men were Advanceing to Horse Neck—And last

Night it was reported that a great many Transports were collected in the sound—Should this even be true, it would not in my Opinion fix with any Certainty what he intended to do—he might imagine that to amuse us with the Appearence of Enterprize in that Quarter, would induce us to Weaken our selves in this—What pity it is that the States by one Glorious Exertion will not put it in our power to reduce his Operations to a Certainty, by making the Governing Movements Ours—None of our out works have less than Thirty Days Provisions, and some of them at least twice that Quantity more at present we cannot Endow them with, for several reasons, some of them are and all in a moment can be properly furnish’d with Ammunition, to lodge a Quantity too Early would be attended with inconvenience, as we are not as Yet Magazine’d—The Capital Stores not wanted here, have long since been remov’d from Fish-Kills and Embark’d in good substantial Vessels, and lay Afloat ready for movement when necessary, to the place requisite.
In short Sir I flatter myself Every preparation has been made and every measure pursued that our numbers would admit of.
I have taken General Arnold Round our Works he has my Opinion of them, and of many other matters I have long wish’d to give it you, but wou’d not Convey it by letter. I am Dear Sir with the Warmest Sentiments of Esteem and respect Your Excellencys most Obd. H. Sert

Robert Howe


Title: To George Washington from Major Henry Lee, Jr., 30 June 1780
From: Lee, Henry Jr.
To: Washington, George

sir:
Paramus [N.J.] June 30th 80.

I examined the country directed by your Excellency yesterday. I find a position most convenient for an army on the road by Captain Marsailles to Col. Dey’s. Having passed Marsailles house one mile, you arrive at the junction of the Paramus & Dey’s road. Here commences the position I allude to, & continues along Deys road. a very copious branch of water runs close to the camp in front—smaller streams which sometimes fail, are on the flanks & in rear. Two roads only lead to the camp from the enemy; one on each Flank. these two roads become one after passing totowa bridge one mile on the eastern side of the river. On the western side of the r[i]ver runs the road to acquaquanunc & the Mountain meeting house—On the eastern side of the neck in front of the camp is a range of mountains impervious to the march of an army.
From this position are three routes of retreat, all easy, the one towards chatham by the two-bridges a[t] little falls: a second to Pumpton plains, & a third to Pumpton by Ogdens mills. One days ma[r]ch will bring the army to Morris town or to Ramepaugh. The country is very well supplied with green forage. The woods in front & rear are alike; both mountainous. Few whigs live in the neighborhood—Should the army encamp among them, it would be very encouraging to distinguish them.
From this days intelligence I remain in opinion, That ambuscade would succeed in Bergen-woods. I also think that procrastination will loose the opportunity. I apprehend they will retire, or be strengthened. Tomorrow night will be convenient—If your Excy app[r]oves of it the reinforcement ought to reach Fells house this evening.
Could not artillery move to the N. bridge by 10 on the morning of attempt; if the First plan fails, then co-erce ⟨the⟩m from their position. I have the honor to be sir with inviolable attachment your Excys h: sert

Henry Lee Junr


Title: From George Washington to Meshech Weare, 30 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Weare, Meshech

Sir,
Ramapough [N.J.] June 30th 1780

I send Brigadier General Starke to your state, to collect and forward the drafts for your batalions, and the levies for three months to the appointed place of rendezvous. The zeal, which the state of New Hampshire has always manifested gives me the fullest confidence, that they have complied with the requisitions of The Committee of Congress in all their extent; though we have not yet heard from thence what measures have been taken. This is the time for America by one great exertion to put an end to the war; but for this purpose the necessary means must be furnished. The basis of every thing else is the completion of The Continental batalions to their full establishment. If this is not done, I think it my duty to forewarn every state, that nothing decisive can be attempted, and that this campaign like all the former must be chiefly defensive. I am sorry to observe that some of the states have taken up the business on a less extensive scale. The consequences have been represented with candor and plainness, and I hope for the honor and safety of America the representation may have the weight it deserves.

The drafts cannot be forwarded with too much expedition; but as to the Militia, under present appearance⟨s⟩ I think it adviseable to suspend the time fixed for their rendezvousing to the 25th of the next month, at which period I shall be glad they may be without fail at the place appointed; and it would be my wish, that they should come out under the command of General Starke.
I entreat Your Excellency to employ all your influence to give activity and vigor to the measures of your state. Every thing depends on the proper improvement of the present conjuncture; we have every thing to hope on one side and every thing to fear on the other. With perfect respect I have the honor to be Yr Excellency’s Most Obed. & humbl⟨e⟩ servant

Go: Washington

P.S. The suspension of the period for assembling the Militia is founded on the French fleet not being arrived; if this event should have taken place before this reaches Your Excellency the suspension is not to have effect. The Militia cannot be too soon at the place of rendezvous after the Fleet arrives.


Title: To George Washington from George Weedon, 30 June 1780
From: Weedon, George
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Fredericksburg [Va.] June 30th 1780

When I had the honor of waiting on your Excellency at Valley Forge in the year 78, I assigned you my reasons for withdrawing from Service, and then furnished you with all the resolutions of Congress that gave rise to it. Whether I was happy enough at that time to satisfy your Excellency of the propriety of my Conduct, or whether I subjected myself to your displeasure for the line I pursued, I cant pretend to determine, but Sincearly hope not the latter, and a Subsequent Resolve of Congress that passed soon after this period, will shew how far my cause of Complaint was grounded on Military principles, and I hope will prove to your Excellency that it was not Imaginary motives that governed me in this case, When that Body Resolves, “That any Officer resigning his commission and again coming into Service shall have no benifit from his former Rank, but shall come in as youngest of the Rank to which he belonged.”
This will at once prove the Impropriety and partiality used in the Case of Genl Muhlenburg & myself who was Superseded by an Officer that had resigned! his Resignation Accepted by Congress! and he a

Citizen for many Months while we ware doing very harde duty in the Field. This affair is now all over, and what induces me to trouble your Excellency at this time is to inform you that previous to my leaving Phila. Congress came to a Resolution of which the Following is an Extract. “That Brigr Weedon have leave to retire, that he hold his Rank in the said Armies & that he be Call’d into Service whenever from a change of Circumstances the inconveniences he now labours under can be removed.” This was a Resolution I have reason to believe your Excellency was not informed of, Nor did I think it worth troubleing you with ⟨this⟩ I never expected to take Service in the Continental line again. The train of Misfortunes attending our Operations to the Southward, has Occationd in some me⟨a⟩sure a Change of Circumstances, And the Gloomy Situation of our affairs in that Quarter induced m⟨e⟩ to express a willingnesss to participate with my Country ⟨in⟩ the Danger that threatened us. And was three days ago honored with a letter from the precident of Congress Inclosing a Resolution of 16th Inst. Ordering me to Act in the Southern Department as Genl Gates shall Direct. I take the Earliest Opportunity of informing your Excellency of my Obedience to this Call and tho’ there are Circumstances that will make Service in the Southern Department not altogether agreeable, yet I shall Submit till other Service offers. But must at the same time inform you, that as Subjecting myself to my Friend Woodfords Order was the reason of my first withdrawing, so will it Operate in all future Cases if ever in the Course of duty we should come to Act together. It may also be necessary to Assure your Excellency that this proceeds intirely from what I conceive to be Military, and from no private peek or Contempt of his Abilities as an Officer, On the Contrary I have ever had a high Opinion of him as a Soldier and have for a Number of years lived with him in the Strictest Friendship; but enough of this. I hope it’s unnecessary to assure your Excellency of my strict Adherence to your Orders, and of the happiness I shall have in Executing any Commands you may from time, to time, have for me. I have the honor to be yr Excellencies Most Obt Servt

G. Weedon


Title: General Orders, 1 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters Pracaness [N.J.] Saturday July 1st 1780
Parole Pumpton  Countersigns June JulyWatchword—Hark

[Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Majors——Edwards[,] T. L. Moore[,] Brigade Major Church
Those Brigades which have not drawn any Rum to day are to be supplied with a Jill ⅌ man this Evening.
The Grand Parade is assigned in the road opposite the Marquis De La Fayette’s quarters ’till further orders.


Title: To George Washington from Captain William Helms, 1 July 1780
From: Helms, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
New Town (Sussex) [N.J.] 1st July 1780

I Inform your Excellency I was sent here by Order of General Maxwell in consiquence of your Orders to him, to request the Officers of Milittia to furnish a Guard Sufficient for the security of the Stores at this place & Hackts Town, I have made applycation Accordingly but have got but a very Insufficient number and those under bad regulations as I find it Impracticable to keep them from runing home. The Colonels of Milittia complain of the Multiplysity of buisness they have at present on their hands, men to raise for the Army likewise for the defence of their Frontiers, this they fear will put it out of their power to furnish me with the men required—Should look upon a small number of Continental Troops a greater security than any number of Milittia I can collect, as men so near home will not be under any regulations. I am your Excellencys Most Obt Humle Srvt

Wm Helms Capt. 2d Regt J.


Title: General Orders, 2 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters Pracaness Sunday July 2nd 1780
Parole Trenton  Countersigns F.P.Watchword Hereabouts.

[Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Brigadier General Maxwell[,] Lieutenant Colonel Commandant Hubly. Brigade Major Bradford

After Orders
The troop to beat at six o clock A.M. The Guards to be on the Grand Parade at 7 o clock till further orders.
Ensign John Rogers of Colonel Angell’s regiment is appointed Adjutant to the same vice Lieutenant Waterman.


Title: From George Washington to William Dobbs, 2 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Dobbs, William

Head qrs at Colo. Dey’s about four Miles fromPosaick falls [N.J.] July 2. 1780
sir

It is my wish to see You here as soon as possible—and I entreat that You will come without a moment’s delay. I want to consult You on a most important and interesting point—& such as will not admit of the least procrastination. I know your zeal for the public service and am confident you will use every degree of diligence upon the occasion.
I wish You to inform Yourself, if you are not perfectly acquainted,

by the best inquiries you can make so as not to delay your coming what Draft of Water may be brought from New York to the Highland posts. Satisfaction on this point will be of consequence. I am sir Yr Most Obedt st

G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 2 July 1780
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

Dear General—
Providence July 2d 1780 7 oClock P.M.

A few minutes since John Williams Esqr. formerly of Boston, arrived here in 35 days passage from L’Orient in France. He informs me that Count du Chaffault sail’d from France the 2d of May with 7 Sail of the Line 5 frigates and about 100 sail of transports having 10,000 on board—the Fleet has provisions for nine months for the whole of the troops and two millions of Crowns in Specie.
By what Mr Williams could learn in France if the fleet fell to the Northward they were to proceed to Halifax, a favorite object with our Allies—if to the Southward to Rhode Island—Our Allies are in the highest Spirits, and Mr Williams thinks will handle the Brittish Severely this Summer—that there was no talk of a Brittish fleet following that of our Allies. The Schooner in which Mr Williams came is about 90 Tons burthen, is Laden with Salt, Brandy & dry goods. The Continental Frigate Alliance was in France when Mr Williams left it and not likely to Sail Soon.
This afternoon Capt. Hopkins arrived here in 14 days from St Martins—about 9 days ago in Latitude 31° Longitude 66° he saw 6 sail of Large Ships Standing S.S.E. by the wind. Capt. Hopkins is of opinion these Ships were bound from Charlestown to the West Indies. before Capt. Hopkins sail’d it was reported and believed that about the 8th Ultimo, 12 Spanish Ships of the Line and 5 Frigates—and 4 french Ships of the Line with 12,000 Spanish Troops arrived at Guadaloupe. It was reported also that some Vessels which had arrived at St Eustatia had fallen in With the Fleet under Count du Chaffault Consisting of 13 sail of the Line. The grand french Fleet in the West Indies was at Martinico.
The packet for Congress herewith transmitted was brought by Mr Williams. I have the honor to be With the greatest respect Your Excellencys Most obedient Servt

W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Jefferson, 2 July 1780
From: Jefferson, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Sir
Richmond July 2. 1780.

I have received from the Committee of Congress at Headquarters three letters calling for aids of men & provisions. I beg leave to refer you to my letter to them of this date on those subjects. I thought it necessary however to suggest to you the preparing an arrangement of officers for the men: for tho’ they are to supply our battalions, yet as our whole line of officers almost are in captivity, I suppose some temporary provision must be made. we chearfully transfer to you every power which the executive might exercise on this occasion. as it is possible you may cast your eye on the unemployed officers now within the state, I write to Genl Muhlenburg to send you a return of them. I think the men will be rendezvoused within the present month. The bill indeed for raising them is not actually passed but it is in it’s last stage, and no opposition to any essential parts of it. I will take care to notify you of it’s passage.
I have with great pain perceived your situation: and the more so as, being situated between two fires, a division of sentiment has arisen both in Congress & here, to which the resources of this country should be sent. the removal of Genl Clinton to the Northward must of course

have great influence on the determination of this question; and I have no doubt but considerable aids may be drawn hence for your army, unless a larger one should be embodied in the South than the force of the enemy there seems to call for. I have the honor to be with every sentiment of esteem & respect Your Excellency’s most obedient & most humble servt

Th: Jefferson


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Francis Johnston, 2 July 1780
From: Johnston, Francis
To: Washington, George

May it please Your Excelly
Princeton [N.J.] July 2d 1780

I this moment arrived at Princeton, where I met Lieutt Hurriman of Colonel Nicholas Regt with 82 of the new Levies, wh. Your Excelly order’d me to forward to Camp; in addition to this party, Captn Lt McL.Hatten of the same Regt has in charge 50 more on his way to Camp by another Route, but I am sorry to say that both these parties are unarm’d & totally unprovided—this however, shall not be the case in future, with regard to the Detachments I shall send on, as I shall insist on their being well arm’d if ’tis possible to procure them.
The offr who carries this to Your Excelly informs me, that the numbe⟨r⟩ of New Levies propos’d to be rais’d by the State, will soon, be compleated—they shall meet with no delay on my part, Your Excelly may be assured I shall forward them to Camp with all possible dispatch. I have the honor to be Your Excellys most Obt Servt

F: Johnston


Title: To George Washington from James Caldwell, 3 July 1780
From: Caldwell, James
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Chatham [N.J.] July 3d 1780.

Our situation here is exceedingly distressing. Parties out continually after every active Whig, and not a Centinel between us and the enemy. During the Alarm the farmers below, coud not work their fields—& now they dare not in safety. Corn and grass suffer. And no decency can be observed at Elizabeth Town about Flags. I know your Excellency must attend to your grand object—from this we do not wish to divert you. But if you can grant the 3d, or rather the first & third Jersey Regiments, You will add inexpressible joy to the Country, & add to the many favours granted, Your excellencys most obed. & very hume sert

James Caldwell


Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 3 July 1780
From: Clinton, George
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir.
Poughkeepsie [N.Y.] 3d July 1780

I was honored with the receipt of your Excellency’s Letter of the 27th on the Day following. I immediately communicated it to the Legislature; and am happy in being enabled to inform You that, altho’ within two Days of their annual Dissolution, they readily entered on the Business recommended to them and passed a Law for completing their continental Battalions. I dare not venture to pronounce that it will be as effectual as could be wished and the Importance of the Object appears to require: but considering the short time left them to deliberate on the Subject, the Embarrassments occasioned by their having previously adopted a different Measure and the mutilated and distressed Circumstances of the State I believe it to be the best that could be devised. I have it not in my Power to transmit a Copy of the Law by this Conveyance to your Excellency as I have not yet received it from the Secretary. It in Substance enables me to engage the present Levies to serve in the continental Battalions by a generous Bounty in Money or Wheat at their option; which I am authorized to offer them; and occasionally to make Detachments from the Militia to supply their Places, so as to keep the Quota of 1575 always compleat—It was unfortunate that the Law was published and the Orders issued for raising the Levies according to the first Idea the Legislature formed of the Committee’s Requisition, before your Excellency’s Letter came to hand—otherwise Drafts might have been made to fill up the Battalions in the first Instance which would have reduced the Business to a greater certainty and been attended with much less Expence. I am however not without hopes that I shall be able to accomplish it with a Degree of punctuality on the present Plan. I wish to observe to your Excellency that the Levies to reinforce the Army are to serve, and not to be relieved, until the expiration of the Time mentioned in the Committee’s Letter; and I have reason to believe that they will be principally composed of Men who have occasionally been in Service during the War; and as I am not confined to the Militia for Officers I shall have it in my Power to engage Gentlemen to command them who are acquainted with Service; as many of the Supernumary & other Officers of the Army who have resigned, have generously tendered their Services on this important Occasion—This I flatter myself will make them much more respectable and serviceable than an equal Force detached from the Militia in the ordinary Way.
The Accounts I continue to receive from the Northward and Westward (Copies of which and of a Speech of the Oneida Chiefs are inclosed) strongly indicate the Intentions of the Enemy to invest Fort Schuyler and desolate the County of Tryon, this with the apprehensions which

the Oneida Nation express on this Occasion has induced me to believe it would be inexpedient to relieve it’s present Garrison, by the Levies on the frontiers. I have therefore thought it most advisable to delay giving Orders for this Purpose until I shall receive your Excellency’s further directions on this Subject—for besides the exposed situation in which it would leave the frontier Settlements, I am persuaded the exchanging of the present Garrison, with whom these friendly Indians have contracted an acquaintance and have confidence in, for strange Troops of a less martial appearance would have an exceeding bad effect on their Minds and might lead them, to relinquish their Attachment to us and join the Enemy. I also enclose a Copy of the Letter; which (on Receipt of your Excellency’s on the Subject of throwing into Fort Schuyler a more competent Supply of Provisions) I wrote to Colo. VanSchaick together with and of his answer thereto. Your Excellency may rest assured that I shall be ready to afford him any Assistance which may be requested to facilitate that Business. I have the Honor to be with sincere Respect and Esteem Your Excellency’s most Obedt Servant

Geo: Clinton

P.S. I forgot to mention that your Excellency’s Letter of the 30th June was received & laid before the Legislature a few Minutes before they rose—I have also to thank your Excellency for your confidential Letter of the 27th.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 3 July 1780 [letter not found]
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

  Letter not found: from Maj. Gen. Robert Howe, 3 July. On 7 July, GW wrote Howe: “I recd your favr of the 3d with the Returns” (DLC:GW).


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 3 July 1780
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Highlands [N.Y.] 3d July 1780

I send your Exccellency by Mr Moylan all the Returns that are come in, & shall be anxious until I hear they are safe in your Hands.
you may perhaps think that Stony & Verplank’s are endowed with more Stores than they ought, but they were lodged in them under Auspices different from those which your Excellency’s last Letters have set up—& to have removed them would have intimated to the Garrisons, & perhaps to the Enemy, our real Designs, nor is this all, should the Enemy pursue Measures to prevent the Garrisons adopting the Plan proposed (a Circumstance far from impossible) it would with a less Quantity of Stores disenable them from doing what would then become requisite—i.e., defending themselves obstinately. One of the Cannon at stony Point upon Examination is found not to be trustworthy, so that in Fact only one can be reckoned upon, & the empty Shells are some that have been condemned, & are intended to be charg’d roll’d over the Ramparts into the Ditch in Case the Enemy should get into it—an End which upon Trial it is found they will answer with very good Effect.
I had put Sir, some of the Men on Gabion & Fascine Fatigue, but Necessity compels me to order them from it to employ them about our Works, which from our State of Imbecility want a great Deal to be done to them, & which I consider as an Object very capital indeed.
Imagining that Genl Glover might miss of your Excellency’s Letter if I sent it on to Boston, I wrote to him myself conveying the Prospect of yours, & lodged your Letter with the Quarter Master at Springfeild, of which in mine I informed him, beside this I Way laid him with Letters at Hartford, Danbury & several other Places—He found nothing to do at Springfeild, & so came down last Eveg to this Place where his Business urgently call’d him for a few Hours—He set out for Springfeild early this Morng to execute his Orders.
The Enemy lie where they did when last I wrote—they have brought

out many Waggons, & are furnished with a Number of Scythes as if intending to cut all the Forage possible; this they think may not only serve them, but distress us should we advance: Possibly however they may be covering other Designs.
I forward to your Excellency Genl Heath’s Letter, which conveys to you I doubt not what He has written me, & which therefore I need not repeat. I am Dear Sir With the greatest Respect & Regard your Excellency’s most obedient Servant

Robert Howe

P.S. Not more than one Hundred & thirty State Troops arrived from Connecticut, which I have ordered back.