Title: Hémery’s Account of the Fonts Cast at Passy, [22 July 1780]
From: Hémery, J.-Fr.
To:

Franklin had engaged J.-Fr. Hémery in the spring of 1779 to set up a typefoundry at Passy; the regular payments for workers’ salaries and supplies have been noted in previous volumes. Here is the master founder’s first inventory, drawn up, perhaps, because the shop was preparing to close for four weeks. The manuscript is in a scrawled hand that often rendered terms phonetically and did not maintain a strict order of items. What emerges from the jumble of information is that the foundry had produced more than 5,000 pounds of type in an assortment of eleven sizes and, in some cases, multiple faces.
Providing English translations or even modern equivalents for Hémery’s terminology is problematic. Before type sizes were standardized the names by which fonts were identified denoted dimensions that were only approximate, and varied from founder to founder. Moreover, eighteenth-century English terms were not exact translations of the French; English type corresponded only roughly to the sizes made across the Channel, and the two were not interchangeable. In 1737 Pierre-Simon Fournier le jeune had proposed a system of standardization, measuring by units called points, which was similar in concept to the scheme created by Sébastien Truchet in the 1690’s for the Imprimerie royale. Didot l’aîné would recalibrate the point around 1781; his system of measurement and numeric designation eventually became standard.
We list here Hémery’s body sizes from largest to smallest, translating them into the English terms that Franklin himself used, and supplying modern point-size equivalents: double canon (French canon, 56 point), gros canon (two-line great primer, 44 point), trimégiste or deux gros romain (double great primer, 36 point), petit canon (two-line English, 28 point), gros parangon (great paragon, 22 point), petit parangon (double pica, 20 point), gros romain (great primer, 18 point), St. Augustin (English, 14 point), cicéro (pica, 12 point), petit romain (long primer, 10 point), petit texte (brevier, 8 point).

[July 22, 1780]
Etat des fonte fait à passie premierment

Le double Canon romain & italique cadras espas pes 146 lb. à 1 livre la livre fait
146 l.t.

Le gros canon ordinaire romain & italique laitre de deux point 133 lb. à 1 l.t. la livre fait
133 l.t.

plus des vignete et crochait pour La fonte 3 lb. à quarante sol la livre fait
6 l.t.

une fonte de deux Gros rom ou trismegisse 68 lb. à vien [vingt] sol fait
68 l.t.

une fonte de petit Canon romain et italique Cadras Espas Laitre de deux point à 1 l.t. fait 88 lb
cy 88 l.t.

un gros parangon romain & italique Cadras Espas Laitre de deux point 103 lb. à 22 sol fait
113 l.t.
6 s.

plus des philet Corp de petit romain triple double fient [fine?] et gras à quarante sol fait
90 l.t.

plus des interligne 32 lb. à trente sol fait
48 l.t.

un petit parangon romain & italique Cadras et spasse Laitre de deux point 173 lb. à 22 sols fait
190 l.t.
6 s.

plus des vignete de parangon 8 lb. à quarante sol
16 l.t.

des Cadras dadition de 2 point de Gros Canon et Creux 37 lb. à vient sien [vingt cinq] sol fait
46 l.t.
5 s.

plus une fonte de Cicero marqué 264 lb. à 2 l.t. 10 s. fait
660 l.t.

Le petit romain aublique pes 160 lb. à 3 l.t. La livre
480 l.t.

Le petit romain Gros oeille pes 909 lb. Conpré Les Cadras Les Especes, Laitre de deux point à 1 l.t. 16 s. fait La somme de
1636 l.t.
4 s.

un cicero romain et font italique Cadras, Espas, Laitre de deux point pes 767 lb. à 1 l.t. 10 s. fait
1150 l.t.
10 s.

plus Le Cicero italique de fantaisie qui paise 123 lb. a 1 l.t. 15 fait
215 l.t.
5 s.

une fonte de Cicero Gros oeille porta sont blanc Cadrais Espas à vec sont italique pes 452 lb. à 1 l.t. 9 s. fait
645 l.t.
8 s.

une fonte de Gros romain et sont italique Cadras Espas Laitre de deux point pes 650 lb. à 1 l.t. 4 s. fait
780 l.t.

plus des vignette à quarante sol 65 lb. fait
130 l.t.

Cadras, Espas de petit romain 2 lb. à 1 l.t. 16 s. fait
3 l.t.
12 s.

une fonte de st augustin romain et Litalique Cadras Espas Laitre de deux point à 1 l.t. 5 s. et pes 392 lb. fait
490 l.t.

une fonte de petitxte romain & italique Cadras Espas, Laitre de deux point pes 655 lb. à quarante sien sol fait
1473 l.t.
15 s.

fait à passi Le 22 julliet 1780[The following additions in Franklin’s hand:]Omitted Signes d’Almanach5 ¼ lb. à 45 s. la livre
26 l.t.
5 s.

8634:
  6

Half the Petit Text sold & sent to Connecticut —— to be deducted viz 327 lb. ½ weight.

Notations by Franklin: Hemery’s Acct of the Founts cast, their weight and Value, to July 22. 1780 / Acct of the Founts


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Alexander Small, [after 22 July 1780]
From: Small, Alexander
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
Wednesday Noon [after July 22, 1780]
When I had the pleasure of seeing You I did not know that we were to quit our present Habitation before five O’Clock. I therefore trouble with this, to desire that you will by him send Your Commands for England, and the paper I left with you.
Let your Evening and Morning Contemplation be the Inscription on the Peace of Munster. As much depends on You, in Proportion to your neglect of the Means, in that proportion will the Deaths the delay occasions be laid to your Charge. Blessed are the Peace Makers, said the preacher of Peace and Good will to Men. Let your Speedy appearance in London give Joy to thousands; and to none, more than to Dear Sir Your Faithful and Affectionate Servant
Alexr Small

Addressed: To Dr Franklin / Passey
Notation: Small.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ——— Champion and Other People with Goods and Services to Offer, 24 July 1780
From: Champion, ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin

During the months covered by this volume Franklin received only four offers to supply goods or to establish factories in America. The earliest, published below, comes from a supplier to the French army at the Hôtel royal des Invalides. That same day, July 24, the Parisian firm of Magniel Montauban & Cie., on the rue de Bourgogne, “Maison de M. Joly,” offers to furnish all military clothing according to the prices and yardages listed in an attached inventory, the suits being constructed à la française. In addition and with the same economy, they can supply collars, shirts, cockades, gaiters, and haversacks.
Writing from Liège on October 23, Jannesson offers his services to set up one or several paper and cardboard factories. He has just built one in Liège and would like to branch out. He also offers to provide the workers and machinery necessary to the operation of an iron foundry, an enterprise more in line with the native expertise in iron work and arms manufacturing.
On October 30 Jean Delmot of Leiden offers his services as agent to furnish cannons, cannonballs, mortars, bombs, rifles, pistols, in short, “tout ce qui concerne l’artillerie.” He promises quality and low prices, and will take orders from Franklin or Dumas, “chargé Dit on des affaires De L’amerique unie.”

Fourniture de Trouppes
Paris Le 24 Juillet 1780./.
Le Sr. Champion Negotiant a Paris Et Chargé de fourniture des trouppes a L’Honneur d’offrir a Monsieur Francklin Ministre Et Ambassadeur des Etats et Provinces de L’Amerique de Fournir tous Les Etoffes, Chapeaux Et generalement tous Les fournitures aux mêmes Prix que Les marchez qui Lui ont Eté Passés Par Le Ministre tenant Le Departement de la Guerre Et Suivant Les mêmes Echantillons Cachetés et adoptés Par Messieurs Les Commissaires des Guerres. Les Fournitures des trouppes Etant La seule Branche de Commerce Qu’il adopte, il se flatte que Peu de Personne sont aportés de Les faire avec autant de Connoissance Et à un Prix aussi modique Que Lui. En outre Elévé dans Les fabriques, il Peut faire Jouir des avantages que Son travail Lui a Acquit. La Celeritée avec la quelle il Peut Executer des ordres Lui Peut faire meriter une Preference qu’on Lui a deja accordé dans Beaucoup d’occasion.
ChampionEntrepreneur des Fournitures de trouppea L’Hotel Royal des Invalides Et Ruedes Marais faubourg St Germain a Paris

Notation: Champion, Paris 24 Juillet 1780.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Diot & Co., 24 July 1780
From: Diot, John, & Cie.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honored Sir
Morlaix July the 24th. 1780
We did our Selves the honnour to write to you the 7th. Instant, to acquaint you with the arrivall in this harbour, of the prize Padmore Capn. Salomon William, Loaded with 28 Twenty four pounds Cannons.
This Serves to forward to Your Excellency an abstract of the Journal of the Black Princess privateer, Captn. Edwd. Macatter commander, that came in to this harbour on the 18th. Instant at night. She Landed next day 26. Ransomers for £10500. Stg, and 16 prisonners, whereof Subjoined a List of their names, proceeding from the brig Padmore, and from Two Vessells they destroyed at Sea.
Captn. Macatter Expects that Your Excellency will cause them 16 prisonners and two Sent in the prize Exchanged for a like Number of Americans now lying in Gaol in England.
We understood by the Commissary here, that those prisoners were to be Sent off this week by the Britannia Carteel Ship now lying in this road; Your Excellency will undoubtedly take care that they Shou’d be exchanged for French prisonners, for, endeed, not one Single man wou’d go out in the Cutter again, were they not persuaded that the above prisonners Wou’d Serve to their own exchange, had they the misfortune of being taken.
Being all what occurrs at present We have the honnour to be Very Respectfully of Your Excellency The most obedient and Most Humble Servants
Jn Diot & Co.
His Excellency B. Franklin

Notation: Diot & Co. July 24. 1780


Title: Francis Hopkinson to the American Commissioner or Commissioners, 24 July 1780
From: Hopkinson, Francis
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin

Gentlemen./
Philada. July 24th. 1780
Since my last of the 27th. of June the following Sets of Exchange have issued from my office vizt.
  To the State of Maryland

  dlr

Dolr

7
  Sets
  100
  each
No.
1–7
  700

  5
  200
1–5
  1000

  1
  300
1
  300

  1
  500
1
   500

  2500

  To the State of Pennsylvania

    dlr

    dol

4
  Sets
  100
each
No.
8–11
  400

  19
  200
6–24
  3800

  12
  300
2–13
  3600

  8
  400
1–8
  3200

  8
  500
2–9
   4000

15,000

  To the State of Rhode Island

  dol

dllr

5
  Sets
  100
each
No.
12–16
  500

  5
  200
25–29
  1000

  1500

  To the State of Connecticut

  dolr.

  Dollr

  4
  Sets
  100
  each
  No.
17–20
  400

  6
  200
30–35
  1200

  5
  300
14–18
  1500

  1
  400
9
  400

  1
  500
10
   500

  4000

  To the State of Virginia

  dor

  dolr

  5
  Sets
  200
each
No.
36–40
  1000

  2
  300
19–20
  600

  1
  400
10
   400

  2000

Also

  dlr

  dollr

  150
  Sets
  12
  each
  No.
2126–2275
  1800

  100
  18
1958–2057
  1800

  25
  24
2173–2197
  600

  25
  30
2691–2715
   750

  4950

I have the Honour to be Gentn. Your very humble Servt.
Fras HopkinsonTreasr. of Loans

(No. 18)(Duplicate)

Addressed: To The Honourable / The Commissioner or Commissioners / of the United States of America / at Paris / (No. 18) / (On public service) / (Duplicate) / To be sunk if in Danger of falling into the Hands of the Enemy


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Vergennes, 25 July 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de

Sir,
Passy July 25. 1780.
The Intention of his Majesty, (which you have done me the honour to signify to me in your Letter of the 24th Instant) to have the Contestation relative to the Taking of the Ship Flora, brought before the Tribunals of the Realm, there to be judged according to the Laws and Rules established for French Privateers, appears to me so perfectly right, that I acquiesce in it with Pleasure. I had the Honour of acquainting your Excellency in mine of the 18th. past, with the Motives urged to me for granting an American Commission to the Black Prince. I was afterwards (without seeking or desiring it) drawn into the Exercise of a kind of judicial Power respecting her Prizes, by being assured that your Tribunals refused to judge of Prizes made by American Cruisers, and by being shown the 11th. Article of the King’s Regulation of Sept 27. 1778. directing the Officers of the Admiralty to send me Copies of all their Proceedings, and the Papers relating to any Prize brought into your Ports by such Cruisers, which it was alledg’d was intended to enable me to judge of the Legality of those Prizes, which Judgement was therefore demanded of me.— A Letter too, which I had the Honour of receiving from M. De Sartine, seem’d to confirm this, viz:
“Versailles le 27. 7 bre 1779
J’ai l’honneur, Monsieur, de vous envoyer les Procédures instruites par les Officiers de l’ Amirauté de Brest concernant la Prise le jeune Dominique, et huit Rançoms faites par le Corsaire Americain le Prince Noir. Vous savez, Monsr, que le Conseil de Prises n’a pas jugé convenable de prendre connaissance de ces sortes de Procédures; et je vous prie de m’accuser la Reception de ces différentes Pieces.
J’ai l’ honneur d’etre &ca. (signé) De Sartine”
These, if I have acted improperly, are my Excuses. I shall as you advise, withdraw the only two Commissions I have issued to Privateers fitted out by the King’s Subjects; being with the greatest Consideration & Respect, Your Excellency’s most obedient and most humble Servant.
B Franklin
His Exy. Count De Vergennes.

Endorsed: M. de R


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to James Woodmason, 25 July 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Woodmason, James

When James Watt, working in Birmingham in the summer of 1778, succeeded in developing a method of copying letters by mechanical means, he did so in order to spare himself work. But he was soon convinced to patent the process and market the materials. James Watt & Co. received a patent in May, 1780, for a copy press that would soon change the lives of Franklin and many of his contemporaries.
Watt & Co. advertised for subscriptions through various London stationers, the chief one being James Woodmason of Leadenhall Street. To their one-page “Proposals for Receiving Subscriptions, for an Apparatus, by which Letters or other Writings may be copied at once …,” they attached a sample (or “specimen”) which consisted of a single, copied sentence written in an elegant hand: “Time, Labour & Money are saved, Dispatch & Accuracy are attained, and Secrecy is preserved by this newly-invented Art of copying Letters and other Writings.”
Woodmason, who had visited Franklin in June, 1779, and sold him an order of paper, must have sent him multiple copies of this proposal, to judge by the present letter. His cover letter, now missing, must also have described the copying process well enough for Franklin to have tried it himself (as he says here). The attempt apparently stimulated Franklin to recall a copying method he had devised years earlier in America. He demonstrated his method to the abbé Rochon, and their discussions inspired the abbé not only to improve upon it, but also, by mid-August, to invent an entirely new kind of engraving machine.
Franklin’s technique for “printing almost as quickly as one could write” is known to us only through the abbé’s reports, described below. It involved writing on paper with a gummy ink over which he sprinkled a powder of fine sand or iron filings. He ran this sheet through a rolling press, made a negative impression on a copper plate, and used that plate to produce duplicates. The method, although fast, produced copies “bien désagréables à la vue,” according to the abbé, who decided that Franklin’s method could be improved by writing directly on a specially varnished copper plate with a steel point, etching the writing into the plate with a nitric acid solution, and printing a negative copy. From this reverse imprint, one could make a positive copy by applying wetted paper and running it through a rolling press. (This last step was doubtless inspired by Watt’s method.) If multiple copies were desired, one could print any number of reverse sheets from the copper plate, and press a fresh sheet of copying paper onto each one.
Rochon soon wondered about the feasibility of mechanically engraving type. He invented a small machine that pressed individual letter-punches into a plate of copper, allowing for letter-spacing and line-spaces, which was capable of creating an entire page of text that would look like print. The process was quick, the machine was portable, and it could be operated by virtually anyone. Rochon anticipated that it would be particularly useful in the battlefield and on shipboard.
The abbé presented his engraving machine to the Academy of Sciences on August 19, opening his report by describing his conversations with Franklin about copying methods and admitting that he would never have become interested in the art of engraving had it not been for these discussions. The Academy enthusiastically endorsed it, and Rochon published a detailed description, along with several plates, in his Recueil de mémoires sur la mécanique et la physique (Paris, 1783). As for his method of copying handwriting, based on Franklin’s method, he explained it years later to Thomas Jefferson, who took careful notes.

Sir
Passy, July 25. 1780
I sometime since ordered the Payment of your Account for the Paper, which I hear is arrived at Rouen.
I thank you for the Proposals relating to the new-invented Art of Copying. I have distributed the Specimens among such as I thought likely to use or recommend the Invention. And I have myself made a faint Attempt to practise it, as you will see by the Sample enclos’d. But as I love to encourage Ingenuity, you may put me down as a Subscriber, and send me three of the Machines, wch. are for some Friends. With great Regard, I am, Sir, Your most obedient and most humble Servant
B Franklin

P.S. It is probable I may send another Order for Paper, it being much admired here.
Mr Woodmason

Notation: B: Franklin July 25 1780


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Samuel Cooper, 25 July 1780
From: Cooper, Samuel
To: Franklin, Benjamin

My dear Sir,
Boston July 25th. 1780.
I have but a Moment to write by the Mars a Vessel belonging to this State, the Voyage having been kept secret upon political Accounts.
I congratulate you on the Arrival of the Fleet from Brest, under the Orders of the Chevalier de Ternay, at Newport, after a Passage of about ten Weeks; not a single Vessel of the whole Fleet missing.
You will hear before this reaches you of the Loss of Charlestown, in which Genl. Lincoln and his whole Army were made Prisoners of War, and four Continental Frigates taken. The Place, it is said, was well defended; but the Enemy having Command of the Sea Coasts, having received repeated Reinforcements from N. York, and the Difficulty we found in sending Aid and supplying it with Provisions, occasioned it’s Surrender on the 12th of May. This Loss, and the Arrival of the Marquis de la Fayette who apprized us of the Armament coming from Brest, awaken’d the States; great Exertions, considering our Circumstances, have been made, and are still making, to reinforce the Army of Genl. Washington. This State has voted 5000 Men for 6 Months: and 5000 Militia for three Months: Great part of this Force has already joined, or is near the Army. Tho the Term is so short in which they are to serve, it is at a vast Expence the Men are raised, the Produce of Land, and Labor of all Kinds being at a greatly advanced Price. The People, however, discover a noble Attachment to their honorable Cause in the Manner of bearing these Burdens. I should have mentioned before that one Thing that contributed to rouze us to the present Exertions was, the Irruption of almost the whole Force at New york, into the Jerseys, where the Britons and their Mercenaries renewed a Scene of Barbarities equal perhaps to any Thing of the Kind they had ever before exhibited. This is saying not a little. They were however, nobly opposed by General Green with an handful of Troops and the Jersey Militia. They retired precipitately having lost, by the best Accounts we can obtain 900 kill’d and wounded. Our own Loss was but small. Springfield was burnt, many Women abused, and Mrs Calder the Wife of a Clergyman who had distinguished himself in the Cause of his Country, cruelly murdered.
In the Midst of our Joy at the Arrival of the Fleet from France, and of our Exertions for the Campaign, we have two days ago received an Account that a British Fleet is off Newport, supposed to be Graves joined with Arbuthnot. Our Accounts mention about 16 Sail, 8 of which are of the Line— Ternay has but 7 of the Line, and but few Frigates. We hope soon to see his Second Division from Brest; for if we have not a Naval Superiority on these Coasts, I expect little from this Campaign, and that Britain will hold New york Charlestown and other important Posts, in Spite of all the Efforts we can make. We wish the approaching Season of Hurricanes may lead part of the French Ships there to these Seas. This Continent is the Core of the War, which ceases with the Repulse of the Enemy from their Stations here.
This will be delivered to you by my Kinsman Richard Cooper, Son of my eldest Brother, who tho young has been some time in the Naval Service of his Country, and from his good Conduct is like to be advanced in this Service as fast as his Age will allow. He will esteem it an Honor to wait on our Minister at the Court of France. I cannot forbear again to commend to your kind Notice my dear Boy at Passy, and am with every Sentiment of Respect and Friendship, my dear Sir, Your’s for ever,
Saml: Cooper.

I have wrote you not long since by the Pallas from Newbury Port, and the Rambler from Salem.

Notation: Dr. Cooper 25 July 1781


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jean [Montague], 25 July 1780
From: Montague, Jean
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monseigneur,
du petit Chatelet Ce 25: Juillet 1780.
Jai l’honneur de vous assurer de mon tres humble respect. Jai celui de vous Faire Sçavoir que Japartient á Monsieur le Capitaine Robson, il ma Fait des ménaces de me Fraper pour lors jai trouvé Monsieur Tessier Gentilhomme qui desire faire mon bonheur; Monsieur Robson la Scü et ma Fait arreté et fait constituée prisonnier au petit chatélet parceque le Commisaire lui á dit qu’il ny ávoit pas d’esclave en France; Je ne demande pas mieux de rentrer chez Monsieur Robson; parceque Sy je n’avois pas été detourné par Mr. tessier Je n’aurois Jamais sorty. Je vous Suplie, Monseigneur, de vouloir bien faire mes excuses à Monsieur Robson; et que je Ferez tous ce qu’il dependera de moy pour le contenter s’etois qu’il voulois me Faire Baptiser, Jespere de vos bontés que vous voudrez bien me Faire rendre justice, il y á de ma Faute du peu dexperience que jai, n’etant pas avancé en áge, je reitere de vous Suplier de vouloir bien parler pour moy á Monsieur Robson. Je vous en serez toute ma vie reconnoissant et vous Suplie de me Croire avec tout le respect qui vous est düe en áttendant une petite réponse, Monseigneur
Votre tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur soumis
Jeanneigre de Mr. Robson

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Frankley / Ministre des Boxtonniens / en Son hotel á passy pres / paris / á Passy
Notation: Jean Negre de M. Robson du petit Chatlet 25 Juin 1780.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Rudolph Erich Raspe, 25 July 1780
From: Raspe, Rudolph Erich
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honoured Sir,
London. July. 25. 1780.
The kindness, wherewith Your Excellency was pleased last year to receive Baron Waiz and would have received me at Passy, engages me to the warmest acknowledgments and obliges me in consequence of my duty to Your Excellency and to the bearer of this to direct and to recommend to Your care Baron Podmanniczky, a Nobleman from Hungaria, whose learning, zeal, ingenuity and interest must operate a happy revolution in the learning and useful Arts of his country, as soon Protestants will be looked upon at Vienna with the same eye as they are in France under Mr. Neckers administration.
He has met here with great distinction amongst the Nobility as well as amongst the Learned. Being received a Member of several learned Societies and in particular of the Royal Society, it will be in his power to give Your Excellency some accounts of Your friends amongst them, and though he should not tell You, I must, that according to the new principle of taxing free People, which of late has crept even into the Royal Society, he has been taxed 30. Guineas for his admission.
Dr. Graham, the Prince of Quacks, has set up in the Adelphi a Temple of Health and pretends to do and does wonders with his electrical, magnetical, aerial, aetherial and musical influences—in open defiance to the Faculty. His house is crowded, he gets money and the Faculty begin to follow his example in setting up electrical mills for the sake of health and money.

Though there is a deal of madness in that, it will be productive however of some good experiments, and at the end turn out an improvement of Science; for good comes from evil, which I hope and wish may be the case of this and of Your Excellency’s country.
Mr. Williams’s Lectures on the principle of universal toleration and benevolence have not yet operated these desirable virtues in the minds of the Publick; nevertheless he continues warm in their interest and sympathizes with me in the warmth of that dutiful respect, wherewith I have the honour to be Your Excellency’s most obedient humble Servant
R. E. Raspe.
Orders and commands to be directed to Mr. Digges.

Addressed: To His Excellency / Dr. Benjamin Francklin / Minister of the United States / of America / at / Paris.
Notation: Raspe July 25. 1780


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 25 July 1780
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear & honoured Sir.
Nantes July 25. 1780.
I arrived here in 50 Hours after I left you & found all my Family well.— I received by last Post from Morlaix, where I hear a Cartel is arrived, a Letter from Capt Manly of which the inclosed is Copy, poor Cunningham is yet alive as you will see.— I wish it were possible to get all these poor Fellows exchanged, you see by the Letter that the English endeavour to persuade them that the Fault lays on our side which is no doubt an Artifice to induce them to enter the English Service & they have in some measure succeeded. I am making all ready for the Breton as fast as possible and hope soon to hear from Mr de Chaumont about her coming round.
I am ever with the greatest Respect Your dutifull & Affectionate Kinsman
Jona Williams J
It is said here that the Spanish Fleet has joined M de Guichen.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Baron Joseph Podmaniczky, [after 25 July 1780]
From: Podmaniczky, Baron Joseph
To: Franklin, Benjamin

This Sunday morning. [after July 25, 1780]
Baron Podmaniczki presents his respectfull compliments to Dr: Franklin, and takes the liberty of asking the permission to wait upon him to day at dinner; the day of his leaving this town being fixed on next Wednesday; But as one of his Friends, the Brother of Mr: de Walkiers St: Amand has entreated the Baron to procure him the honour of the Doctors acquaintance, he would take it as the most particular favour if the Doctor would excuse him if he brings him along with him. Mr. and Mrs. le Roy and Mr: Magellan from London have as the Baron heared, a mind of calling likewise upon the Doctor.

Addressed: à Monsieur / Monsieur le Docteur / Franklin, Ministre Plèni: / potenciere de l’amerique / Septentrionale / à Passy.
Notation: Baron Podmaniczki


Title: William Temple Franklin to John Adams, 26 July 1780
From: Franklin, William Temple
To: Adams, John

Passy 26. July 1780
Mr Franklin junr. has the honour of sending herewith to his Exy Mr Adams, his Grandfathers Dispatches for Holland; & has that of wishing him his Health, & an agreable Journey./.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, 26 July 1780
From: Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent
To: Franklin, Benjamin

MonsieurParis 26. juillet 1780./
Le S. fouquet qui aura lhonneur de vous remettre la présente lettre, est un sujet intelligent, attaché très anciennement au Service des poudres de france, qui a passé il y a quelques années en amérique, pour y construire des fabriques de poudre. L’objet de son voyage se trouvant rempli à la Satisfaction du congrès des etats unis, il vient de repasser en france. Le congrès avoit pris l’engagement de faire les frais de son retour, et il avoit été embarqué à cet effet Sur la frégate la considération, armée par le Congrès pour ramener M. Gérard en france. Le gros tems ayant obligé ce batiment de relacher à la martinique, le S. fouquet y est resté cinq mois à Ses frais, et pendant cet intervalle de tems, il a dépensé beaucoup d’argent, de sorte que l’objet du congrès, qui étoit de le renvoyer en france sans qu’il lui en Coutat rien, ne Se trouve point rempli. Dans ces circonstances le S. fouquet a recours à votre justice pour obtenir le remboursement des frais qu’il a fait pendant Son séjour à la martinique. Le S. fouquet est un homme zelé et intelligent, qui paroit avoir fait en amerique des établissemens utiles. Il est digne de vos bontés et de votre protection.
Je Suis avec respect Monsieur Votre très humble et très obeissant serviteur
Lavoisier


Title: From the Abbés Chalut and Arnoux to Benjamin Franklin and John Adams, [before 27 July 1780]
From: Chalut, abbé ——,Arnoux, abbé ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin,Adams, John

dimanche. [before July 27, 1780]
Les abbés Chalut et arnoux ont l’honneur de souhaiter le bonjour aux deux respectables deputés du Congres genéral. Ils sont bien fachés de ne pouvoir pas se rendre à l’honneur de leur invitation, pour vendredi prochain ils sont empechés Ce jour là, ce qui excite leurs regrets.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur franklin / Ministre plenipotentiare / des états unis d’Amerique / à Passy.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Herman Esser, 29 July 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Esser, Herman

Sir,Passy, July 29. 1780.
I cannot give you the last Encouragement to go to America in Expectation of Service in the armies of the United States. There are already more officers in the Country than they can find Employment for, and many are returned to Europe, because they could not be placed. I have not authority to promise Commissions, nor has M. de Wolffen. I never received any letter from him mentioning you or any Propositions he had made to any officer. I have had only one Letter from him since he went to Holland, which was dated the 7th. Instant, and which only acquainted me that he was well at Venlo, and had forwarded my Pacquets to the Hague. I would advise you not to undertake a hazardous and expensive Voyage to America upon any Promises made to you by a Person not authorized to make them. I have the Honour to be.
M. Le Capt. H. Elser à Venlo.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Schweighauser, 29 July 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Schweighauser, Jean-Daniel

Sir,Passy, July 29. 1780.
I daily received yours of the 15. Instant. By a Letter from Mrs. Gourlade and Moylan dated the 10th. I am assured that they never refused to continue supplying the Alliance with the necessary Provisions: Therefore a Charge from your Correspondent at L’Orient on that Account, will not be rightly brought against me.
In my last I mentioned that I might possibly in the Course of the Month have an Opportunity of shipping the old Arms. M. Williams will inform you when it offers. By that Vessel if not already gone, you may send young Slade and Miss Clarke. The Promisory Notes you formerly took from Officers payable to the President of Congress, I suppose you have already sent, if not, they may go by the same Opportunity. If the Notes sign’d were single, and not Triplicates, it will be well to keep the Originals, & send attested Copies. The Accounts against the American Captains who staid so long at Nantes by improperly [word or words skipped?] should also be sent over.
I never settled the affair of the Swedish Prizes, being in Expectation that the Claimants would have prosecuted Capt. Landais for their Damages if they had a right to any. I should have been containted to have seen the disputed brought before the Courts in France, to whose Jurisdiction all our Cruisers are directed to submit their Prizes brought into this kingdom. I depend on your being able to defend the Captain on the Proof that the Swede did not produce his Papers to show the Prizes was neutral property till after they was brought in; and in this View I returned you all the Papers. When I afterwards wrote to have them again in Order to discourse on the Subject with the Swedish Ambassador you answered that to save Postage, they being bulky, you would send them by some good private Hand. I never received them; and the Swedish Ambassador saying nothing more to me on the subject, I forgot it. Capt. Landais was in France from October 1779 till July 1780. And as the Claimants neglected to Sue him here, they must now follow him to America, where is no doubt they will meet with the Justice that may be found due to them.— If they resolve to do this, it will be well to transmit authenticated Copies of those Papers to the Congress; and Will pay the Charges you may be at in getting them transcribed.— For I suppose they are still in your Hands.
With great Regard I have the Honour to be Sir, &c.

P.S. July 29. Since writing the above, I have received your Respected Letter of the 25th. It seems to me that you have made some mistake in your Calculation both of the Expence of the Boxes and of the Number of Gun Barrels they will contain for 334 Boxes at 60 in a Box, will contain 20040 instead of 3000 lb. as you mention. But having measured a Musket Barrel, I find that Box which is a foot broad and foot deep in the Inside, will, if the Barrels are placed Muzzels and Breeches together, hold ten Rows of ten in a Row which is 100 in Each Box; and therefore 200 such Boxes will be sufficient, and at 5 l.t. a Box will cost only 1000 l.t. tho I should imagine that in agreeing for such a Number you might have them much cheaper.— If the Barrels are already no better than old Iron, it will not be worth while to send them at all. If they are yet in a State to be servieable as Gun Barrels, and would be reduced by the Rust to old Iron by being sent loose and open, the Sum of 1000 l.t. to preserve them in Boxes will not be ill laid out. Therefore on the whole supposing my Calculation nearly Right I am still of Opinion that Boxes should be made for those that are good & Servieable. Perhaps the Barrels may be something thicker than that I have measured, in Which case the Boxes must be a little larger, but will not therefore cost much more. I approve of your disposing of the Beef, and of such other Lumber as is not worth sending.
M. Schweighauser,


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Jonathan Williams, Jr., 29 July 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Williams, Jonathan Jr.

Dear Jonathan,Passy, July 29. 1780
By a Letter from M. Schweighauser I find you were arrived: I hope you found all well. He writes me a Letter relating to the 20,000 Musket Barrels which I send for your Perusal & Opinion, with a Copy of my Answer. You will return it to me. I find in his Account of the Arsenal, that the rest are gone or pack’d, & I should think it hardly worthwhile to unpack them. Indeed I do not find any Muskets pack’d with Stocks, except 30 Cases from Holland which I suppose are good and new. I wish to know where the Ship is, and when you begin to load. I also want much to know what Bills you have drawn on M de Chaumont, and when payable, and whether you have now drawn for the whole, and what the Amount. I am

Mr Jonath. Williams

  BF. to J Williams July 29. 1780 Desire to know what Bills have been drawn on Mr de Chaumont & the Amount


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Silas Deane, 29 July 1780
From: Deane, Silas
To: Franklin, Benjamin

My Dear sirRochelle 29th July 1780
I arrived at Rochfort Two Days since after Forty Three Days passage from York in Virginia, and came here last Evening to Visit a Friend. The length of Our passage, has prevented my being the Bearer of any News from America, later than what you are already acquainted with, for which Reason I shall take Nantes in my way and pass a few Days there with Mr. Williams, and shall have the happiness in a Week or Ten Days of embracing You at Passy. I had Letters from Philadelphia a few Days before I left Virginia, Mr Bache & Your Daughter must have been well then, or I should have been informed of the Contrary, as my Letter was from Our Mutual Friend Mr Morriss, You will conceive easier, than I can express, my impatience, after so long & unexpected an Absence, to see You, & to converse on many Subjects proper only for a private interview. I pray You present my Compliments to Mr Franklin & to Mr. Chaumont, & Family & be assured that I am with the sincerest Attachment & Respect My Dear sir Your Most Obedt. & Very Hume. servt.
 S Deane

I pray You to forward the inclosed. I have Two or Three Letters for You, but they are of a very old Date, having received them in December last at Virginia, where I pass’d the Winter. I should however have sent them on but they are at Rochfort with my Baggage.
His Excellency B Franklin Esqr.

Notation: Silas Deane Esqr. Rochelle 29 July. 1780


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Thomas Digges, 30 July 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Digges, Thomas

Dear Sir,Passy, July 30. 1780.
I received yours of the 29th. past, and of   Inst. but that you mention as sent by Barnet never came to Hand, and he has already play’d so many cheating Tricks in France that I do not expect to see him here again. It is an Irishman who having been once employed in one of our Privaters, and taken, has ever since he escaped from England rambled about Europe pretending to be an American and sometimes a Relation of mine, borrowing Money or running in debt everywhere. I am heartily sorry that you have been so robbed by him, and by his Scotch Acquaintance.
I am much obliged to your friend for his kind Intentions of sending me Spectacles of the Cherokee Chrystal. Enclosed is the Glass you require.
By this time you will probably have heard from Capt. Cunningham. He has been very unfortunate, and very ill treated. I have unaccountably mislaid your last Letter. But I think there was some mention in it of applying to M. Samuel Hartley relating to the Exchange of Cunningham. Perhaps it may not be wise to show him the Enclosed Letters. Till we can procure the Captain’s Liberty, I recommend him to your kind assistance in supplying him with what may be necessary.
Don’t be discouraged by the present Triumph of a People who are so easily elated. God governs, and the Second’ Hour of their Insolence may be as short as the first.
Enclos’d is a Letter for M. Peters, I am obliged to send it to you to be forwarded, because I do not know his address. I am.
Mr. Digges.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to John Jay, 31 July 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Jay, John

Dear Sir,Passy, July 31. 1780.
I write this Line just to acknowledge the Receipt of your Favour of the 17th. & Mr. Carmichaels of the 18th. (with the Pacquet of Papers in good Order,) which I shall soon answer fully. At present I can only say that I have given Orders for a Credit to you of another 1000 £ Sterg., to be proportionally divided between you: I hope the Remittances will arrive before this Sum is expended. I find myself obliged to advance likewise to Messrs. Adams & Dana.
I congratulate you & Mrs. Jay sincerely on the Birth of your Daughter; being with sincere Esteem, Dear Sir, Your most obedt & most humble Servant
B Franklin
His Excy. J: Jay Esqr

Addressed: A son Excellence / Monsieur Jay, &ca &a / A Madrid.
Endorsed: Dor. Franklin 31 July 1780 Recd. 18 Augt. 1780 / mentions his havg ordered a Credit of 1000 £ Ster


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from William Strahan, 31 July 1780
From: Strahan, William
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear SirLondon July 31. 1780.
The young Gentleman who will have the Honour to put this into your Hands, Mr. Richard Henderson, is a Son of a worthy Scotsman long since settled in Maryland. He has resided here above seven Years past, and comes to France, by the Advice of his Father, purely with a View to his farther Improvement in the Study of the Law. Presuming on our ancient Friendship, I take the Liberty to recommend him to your good Counsel and good Offices. Whether he should remain in Paris, or retire to Dijon, Rheims, or any other Parliamentary Town, you will best be able to determine.— Your Countenance and best Advice is all he wants, and these I hope you will readily give him; and you may be assured he will duly estimate, and acknowledge with Gratitude the Honour and Advantage he must derive from your friendly Notice of him. You will, at the same time, confer a great Obligation on Dear Sir Your most obedient Sert
Will: Strahan
My best Respects to Mr. Alexander, I pray you, when you next see him

Addressed: Benjamin Franklin Esqr. / Paris
Notation: Strahan 31 Juillet 1783


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Torris, 31 July 1780
From: Torris, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honnd. SirDunkerque 31st. July 1780.
On receit of the Letter you did me the Honnor to write me, I have Immediatly Handed to My lord De Calonne our Intendant, a Memorial Showing the Dangerous Consequences attending to the Armatteur, & nay to the State, the Withdrawing the American Commission to our Black Princess, & that, at any rate, there is an Impossibility of recalling it untill her three months Cruise are out. ’Twill be forwarded to Mylord De Sartine; & I can assure, Your Excellency, That you will be entreated to Continue me your favours, which I Shall ever most gratefully acknowledge. My orders to Macatter are very positive never to Touch or Mollest in the Least, any Neutral Vessell whatsoever, Till now He has most Carefully obey’d them, & I am so positive that He will never meddle with any one, that I have offer’d whatever Security which may be requiered for the Same.
The Princess is now at Sea to Compleat her Cruise, & I expect She will Come here round by the North, & indeed, ’Twou’d be must unjust & ungenerous to all, & nay it is utterly Impossible, to recall her Commission before her Three months Cruise are finisht.
The Black Prince is lost a great while past, & his Commission is given up.
The Sales of the flora’s Small Cargoe have Produced but 14,000 l.t., & I wait for your Excellencys determination relative to the disposall of the Same, favor of the Captor, to which I See no further difficulties, as the Dutch Shippers give it freely up, by acknowledging it is the Property of the Ennemy, except the 31. Bales of Clover Seeds. I say I am but waiting for this Produce, to settle diffinitevely with my Concerns & the Crew, who drive me to distraction, altho’ I have over paid the most.
I Beseech your Excellency will also forwd. as soon as Possible your Condamnation for the Black Princess’s Ransoms.

I have the Honnor to be with greatest respect Honnd. Sir Your Excellency’s Most obedient & most Hble Servant
J. Torris
His Excellency Dr. Franklin./.

Endorsed: 31 July 1780
Notation: Torris


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Vergennes, 31 July 1780
From: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

à Versailles le 31. Juillet 1780.
Le caractere dont vous etes revétu, Monsieur, votre sagesse et la confiance que je mêts dans vos principes et dans vos sentiments, m’engagent à vous communiquer la correspondance que je viens d’avoir avec Mr. Adams; Vous trouverés, je pense, dans les lettres de ce plénipotentiaire, des opinions et une tournure qui ne répondent ni à la maniere avec laquelle je me suis expliqué avec lui, ni avec la liaison intime qui subsiste entre le Roi et les Etats unis. Vous ferés de toutes ces piéces l’usage que votre prudence vous suggérera. Quant à moi je desire que vous les fassiés passer au congrès afin qu’il sache la conduite que Mr. Adams tient à notre égard, et qu’il puisse juger s’il est doué autant que le congrès le desire sans doute, de l’esprit de conciliation qui convient à une besogne aussi importante et aussi délicate que celle qui lui est confiée.
J’ai l’honneur d’être très Sincérement, Monsieur votre très humble et très obéissant Serviteur./.
 De Vergennes
Mr. francklin

Notations in different hands: Original Letter of Count de Vergennes to Dr Franklin, on sending him Mr Adams’s Correspondence. / Letter from Ct de Vergennes to Doctr. Franklin July 31. 1780 with 9 Numbers from 6 to 14 inclusive


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Dumas, 1 August 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric

SirPassy 1st. Agt. 1780.
The Bearer of this, Mr. appleton, is lately arrived from Boston. He is recommended to me as a young Gentleman of excellent character, & as such, I beg leave to introduce him to your acquaintance and Civilities.
With great Esteem, I am Dear Sir your most obedient & most humble Servant.
B. Franklin.
M. Dumas.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Sartine, 1 August 1780
From: Sartine, Antoine-Raymond-Gualbert-Gabriel de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Versailles le 1er. Aout. 1780.
Je crois devoir vous prevenir, Monsieur, que M. Boucault Commissaire à Morlaix me marque que le Corsaire la Princesse Noire lui a remis 26. otages et 16. prisonniers Anglois. Je vous prie de ne pas differer de me faire connoitre si ce Commissaire peut remettre ces Prisonniers, a titre d’Echange pour le Compte des Americains, au Capitaine du Parlementaire Anglois la Britannia qui se trouve dans ce moment à Morlaix, ou s’ils doivent rester dans ce Port à votre Disposition. Dans le cas où M. Boucault ne les auroit pas encore remis au Capitaine Anglois; ce qu’il auroit pu faire, croyant devoir profiter de cette Occasion, pour les renvoyer en Angleterre, et pour lors J’aurai l’honneur de vous envoyer le Reçu qu’il aura exigé du Capitaine de ce Parlementaire.
J’ai l’honneur d’être avec la Consideration la plus distinguée, Monsieur, votre très humble et très obeissant Serviteur
(signé) De Sartine.
M. Franklin.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Edward Macatter, 2 August 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Macatter, Edward

Sir,Passy Augt. 2. 1780.
I congratulate you on the Success of your late Cruize. I see by the English News Papers that you have much alarmed the Enemy’s Coasts, and done great Damage to their Commerce, your Bringing in so many Prisoners is another considerable Service, and you may depend on having your generous Intentions fulfilled in the Exchange and Deliverance of so many Americains. Therefore if the British Cartel ship is not gone I wish they may be put on board her, a Receipt being taken for them by the Commissary, that they are sent on account of America; which Receipit will be remitted to me. I have the Honor to be, with much Esteem for your Activity, and Bravery, Sir,
Capt. Macatter.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Nicolas Fouquet, 2 August 1780
From: Fouquet, Nicolas
To: Franklin, Benjamin

2 aout 1780.
Le Sieur fouquet a lhonneur de remettre à Son Excellence Monsieur francklin un memoire quil le Suplie dadresser aux Etats unis de l’amerique. Il a pour objet de demander une gratîffication de 1500 l.t. pour indemnité les depenses que le S. fouquet a été obligé de faire pour repasser En france ayant été forcé de quitter la fregate la Consideration lors de relache à la martinique et n’ayant pû obtenir Son passage Sur la fregate l’aurore Suivant les certifficats qu’ils joint a son memoire.
Le S. fouquet Espere que Monsieur francklin qui a pris Connoissance des temoignages authentiques de satisfaction qui lui ont été donnés par les Etats voudra bien appuyer Son mémoire aupres d’Eux de sa recommandation et faire part à mm. les Regisseurs généraux des poudres de france de la reponse quil recevera.

Endorsed: M. Fouquet’s Memoire


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Dumas, 3 August 1780
From: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur,La Haie 3e. Août 1780.
L’Assemblée d’Hollande vient de se séparer pour jusqu’au commencement de Sept. Il ne S’y est rien passé d’interessant.
Les deux Plénipotentiaires de la Rep. sont partis pour Petersbourg, avec les Instructions, selon lesquelles ils doivent demander, qu’on garantisse les possessions de la rep., tant en Europe qu’aux deux Indes; Amsterdam persiste dans sa protestation contre ces Instructions, & notamment contre cette demande inutile, qui ne tend qu’à traîner l’affaire en longueur: elle vouloit que l’on envoyât tout simplement à Mr. Swart le Résident de la rep. à Petersbourg, la résolution de L.H.p. où l’accession de la rep. à la neutralité armée est résolue, sans condition, & qu’immédiatement après la signature faite en conséquence entre le dit Résident & le Ministere Russe, la Rep. fît une Déclaration aux Puissances belligérantes, analogue à celle de la Russie. D’autres, au contraire, ont espéré de faire échouer toute cette combinaison. Sur ces entrefaites, la déclaration inopinée du Danemarc a étrangement déconcerté ces derniers; & leur embarras vient de redoubler par une Déclaration à peu près semblable de la part de la Suede. Notre Ami pense qu’ils ne pourront plus reculer, sans encourir généralement le blâme d’avoir désobligé la Cour de Russie, & sacrifié le Commerce de cette rep. à celle de la Gr. Br., & en conséquence il soupçconne que, les Plénipotentiaires ont été munis d’un ordre secret, pour ne pas insister plus que de raison sur la condition susdite de la garantie.
388. 259es. 601. 262. 610. YEB OEUPYQMBEXCGTNU 385ing. 731d a 373. 720. 610. 382s. 322. 394 endeavours to NBYCC 873n. 701.
Le Baron de Wulffen vient de jouer un sot rôle ici. Sans se souvenir qu’il a été ci-devant dans ce service, &, comme on l’assure, d’en avoir déserté, il a voulu dans un second voyage à Lahaie aborder le Stadhouder à la parade en Uniforme Américain, on lui a fait ordonner de se retirer incessamment de lahaie, ou qu’on le feroit arrêter. Ce qui me mortifie le plus, c’est que cela a fait redoubler l’espionnage à mon sujet: car on sait qu’il a été chez moi.
Dieu veuille, Monsieur, que vous puissiez recevoir bientôt quelque bonne & grande nouvelle de l’Amérique.
Je suis avec un grand respect, Monsieur Votre très-humble & très-obéissant serviteur
D
Passy à S. E. M. B. Franklin

Addressed: à Son Excellence / Monsieur B. Franklin, Esqr. / Min. Plenipe. des Etats-Unis / &c. / Passy./.
Notation: Mr Dumas La Haie Aout. 3. 80.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Penet, D’Acosta frères & Cie., 3 August 1780
From: Penet, D’Acosta frères & Cie.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Nantes August 3d. 1780
We beg leave to recommend to your care the annex’d packet for Mr. Philip Mazzei from the State of Virginia.

We have the honor to be Sir Your most obedient & very humble servants
PENET D’ ACOSTA FRERES & Co
The Hble. Doctor Franklin.

Addressed: To / His Excellency / the Hble. Doctor Franklin
Notation: Penet d’Acosta, Nantes August 3. 1780.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 3 August 1780
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear & honoured Sir.Nantes Augt 3. 1780
I have received your Favour of the 29 Ulto. with Mr Schweighausers Letter to you & a Copy of your Answer, the former of which I return inclosed. I have given my Opinion as you desire on a Paper annexed.
I have heard nothing from M de Chaumont about the Ship since I left Passy. I suppose he has not yet received a decisive Answer from Bordeaux where the Vessell is. As soon as I receive answers to the Letters I have written to him I hope the matter will go on expeditiously, in the mean Time I am preparing so as to prevent any Delay on my part.
I inclose a List of the Bills as you desire, the amount you will see at the Foot. I have not yet drawn for all because I delay drawing as much as I can in order to avoid payment before you receive the Funds, and on the whole it will be found none has been advanced.
I am with the greatest Respect Dear & hond Sir Your dutifull & affectionate
Jona Williams J

P.S. Inclosed is an order on Mr. Puech & Co for 12 of Capt. Hutchins Maps & Pamphlets.

Notation: J. Williams Augt. 3. 1780


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Joseph-Mathias Gérard de Rayneval, 4 August 1780
From: Gérard de Rayneval, Joseph-Mathias
To: Franklin, Benjamin

A Versailles le 4 Aout 1780.
L’avt. [avant] derniere lettre que M. Le Cte. de Vergennes vous a addressée, Monsieur, étoit accompagnée de plusieurs Lettres originales de M. Adams, comme nous en avons besoin, vous m’obligerez beaucoup Si vous voulez bien avoir la Complaisance de Me les renvoyer le plus promptement qu’il sera possible.
J’ai l’honneur d’être avec autant de Considération que d’attachement, Monsieur, votre très humble et très obeissant Serviteur.
(signé) Gerard DE Rayneval
M. Franklin.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from William Hodgson, 4 August 1780
From: Hodgson, William
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear sirLondon 4 Augt. 1780
I recd your favor of the 19th June with the sundry inclosures & immediately upon recept thereof I waited upon the Commissioners of Sick & Hurt & laid before them the Substance of yours to me. I found no Impression was to be made upon them as to the mode of exchanging for French in lieu of those in Holland but they seemed to come into an Idea I suggested of making a short Memorial on the Subject which they promised to lay before the Lords of the Admiralty. I therefore drew one, Copy of which you have inclosed. I hope it will meet your Approbation. I called upon the Board again this day to know if any Answer, but as yet they have not recd any, from above, as soon as they do I was promised to be made acquainted. We have here a report that Congress had (upon receipt of the News concerning the Boston Cartels) stopped all further exchange with New York. I coud wish as soon as you recive authentic Information thereof that you woud furnish me with a Copy, There are other Impressions which weigh, with Politicians besides the just & fit— I shoud likewise take it as a favor if you coud oblige me now & then with such American News papers as may come to your hand & you can Spare great Events, seem to be in Expectation. I hope the Cause of Liberty & Justice will triumph finally. I am with great respect Dr sir your Most Obed sert
William Hodgson

Addressed: Dr. Franklin / à Passy
Notation: William Hodgson London Augt. 4. 80


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Gérard de Rayneval, 5 August 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Gérard de Rayneval, Joseph-Mathias

Sir,Passy, Aug. 5. 1780.
Herewith you will receive the Letters you write for. But as I purpose to send them, or Copies of them, to the Congress, agreable to the Request of the Count de Vergennes, and have not yet had time to copy them; I suppose you will return them to me. I have the Honour to be &c
M. Gerard de Raynevall


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Sartine, 5 August 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Sartine, Antoine-Raymond-Gualbert-Gabriel de

Sir,Passy, Aug. 5. 1780.
Having just received these Letters under Cover to me from New- England, I Send them immediately to your Excellency. Being with great Esteem, and Respect, Sir, Your Excellency’s most obedient and most humble Sert.
B Franklin
His Excellency Mr. de Sartine

Endorsed: M d F expédies la réponse a toutes les lettres que j’ai recuës de M de la Touche pour la faire partir par l’ariel
Notation: accuser à M Franklin la reception des paquets Et le remercier Rep(?) le. 7. dudt.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Pierre Bon de Corcelles, 5 August 1780: résumé
From: Bon de Corcelles, Pierre
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<August 5, 1780, at Moudon in the canton of Bern, in French: The enclosed plan for a subscription in favor of your country has long been on my mind but I could not bring myself to publish it, convinced as I was that the United Provinces would achieve independence on their own. But the fall of Charleston prompts me to bring it out, imperfect as it is, because of my haste and lack of current news. It has been distributed in Switzerland and nearby places but slowly and without enthusiasm. I wish to send you one thousand copies of my pamphlet for your constituents. Please do not refuse this humble gift, and tell me where I should direct it.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Sartine, 5 August 1780
From: Sartine, Antoine-Raymond-Gualbert-Gabriel de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Versailles le 5. Aout 1780.
Le Capitaine John, Monsieur, ci-devant Commandant du Navire le Hope Weel pris par le Corsaire le Prince Noir et conduit à Dunkerque, me représente qu’il est detenu à st. Omer avec son Epouse, un Pilote et un Mousse depuis le mois de 7bre. et demande son Echange avec Instance, je vous prie de me faire connoitre, si vous desirez que ces trois Prisonniers soient renvoyés a titre d’Echange pour le Compte des Americains, et dans ce cas J’aurai l’honneur de vous faire passer le reçu du Capitaine du Batiment de Cartel Anglois auquel ils seront reunis.
J’ai l’honneur d’être avec la Consideration la plus distinguée, Monsieur, votre tres humble et tres obeissant Serviteur.
(signé) De Sartine
M. Franklin.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to ——— de Illens, 6 August 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Illens, —— de

Sir,Passy, Augt. 6. 1780.
I have received the Letter you did me the honor of Writing to me the 28th. past with the Copy of one of the 24. June. By the Description you give of the Declaration or certificate of the Treasurer, and their names, with the Interest to be paid for your money 7. per Cent it appears to me that it is in the Treasury of the State of South Carolina and not in that of the general Congress, who have never agreed to pay more than 6. per Cent. and whose declarations or Certificates do not mention Pounds but Dollars, and are assigned by Fras. Hopkinson Treasurer of Loans. The Particular Circumstances of that State, (South Carolina) at present, (their Capital and Ports being in the Hands of the English) must make it difficult for you at this Time to withdraw your funds; But as the State Subsists, there is no doubt but it will in time justly perform its Engagements, and that you will receive your Money with Interest. There has been a general Depreciation of the Value of Paper Money in America, not made by Order of Congress, as it seems you have been told, But growing naturally and gradually from its too great quantity. The Congress have advised the Several States to call in their proportions of it by Taxes; and tho’ the Depreciation was so great as that 60. or 70. Paper Dollars were at length actually valued only as one of Silver, they advised that Silver Dollars Should not be received in the Payment of those Taxes as worth more than forty of Paper. This was probably to enforce the Payment of the Taxes in paper only, the End being to call it in and destroy it. But tho’ the People in general have suffered the Loss occasioned by the depreciation it has only operated as Tax upon them, from which Tax those who lent their Money to the Congress are secured by a Resolution of Congress of the 18th. of April last in the following Words.
“Resolved,
“That Congress will, as soon as may be, make such Provision for discharging the Loans that have been made to these United States on Loan office Certificates, as that the Holders of them Shall Sustain no Loss hereon by any Depreciation of the Bills Loaned, Subsequent to the respective Dates of said Certificates.”
This Example Sent by Congress with Regard to the general Loans, will doubtless be followed by the Several States with regard to their particular Loans, so that you will not suffer by Depreciation.

If Charlestown should be retaken, which is not improbable; or if the Enemy Should abandon it, as they have done Successively the Capitals of massachusetts Bay of Pensylvania, and of Rhode island, when they found that the Reduction of the Capital did not reduce the Province, and that their being posted in those Towns where they have always been confined, served only to divide their forces, and hurt them by Idleness; The Port of Charlestown will then be open, the Produce of the Country may then be exported, and by that means your Money be remitted to you. Your Correspondent may then if you Order it, sell your Stock in the Funds, and vest the Money in Indigo or Such other Commodities as you may direct.
I have the honour to be, Sir,

P.S. If you should want any farther Explanation that I can give you, please to mention it, and I will answer immediately.
M. d’Illen Negociant a Marseille.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to John Torris, 7 August 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Torris, John

Sir,Passy, Aug. 7. 1780.
I received yours of the 31st. Past. I hope you will obtain a favourable Answer to your Memorial, which I Shall endeavour to promote. All the Proceedings relating to the Flora will be received by the Council of Prizes, who will decide upon the whole, therefore I can give no farther Orders relating to her Cargo. I enclose the Judgment on the Black Princess’s Ransoms in her Cruise of may last. The subsequent ones are not yet come to hand. I congratulate you on her late Successes, and have the honor to be, Ser.

P.S. Please to inform me whether a Captain Jhon formerly of the Hopewell, taken By the Black Prince & now at St. Orient with his Wife a Pilot and Boy; remains there as a Hotage for Ransom Money not yet paid, or whether he is merely a Prisoner, together with the Pilot and Boy. I desire your Answer to this by return of Post; M. De Sartine having wrote to me to know if I chose to send them in the Cartel to England to be exchanged.
M. Torris.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Diot & Co., 7 August 1780
From: Diot, John, & Cie.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honored sirMorlaix the 7th. August 1780.
Captn. Macatter haveing desired us to open and answer the Letters that might come for him after his departure, We Shall hereafter answer the purport of Your Excellency’s Letter to him, dated Augt. 2d., by Causeing the prisoners of the Black Princess to be sent off by an other Carteel Ship, lately arrived in this road.
This Serves meerly now to acquaint, Your Excellency, With the Safe arrivall at Pontusval, Small harbour about 10 Leagues hence, of the Prize brig Entreprize, James Martimor former Master, from Liverpool to Plymouth, loaded with Coals, Rum, Earthen Ware and Cheese, taken the 4th. Instt. by the Black Princess, and brought in by William Rippner that brought before the prize Padmore. He was Chaced Close in by Two Guernzey Privateers.
There is three prisoners in the prize, which we’ll Cause to be sent here along with the others.
All the papers and Clearances belonging to her, we have With us, and Shall have ‘em Carefully forwarded to Your Excellency by the admiralty officers of Brest. The Princess went off from Isle Bas road the first Instt. in the Evening, and the 4th. She had 6 Ransoms besides the above prize.
We Most Respectfully Remain of Your Excellency The Most obedient and Most Humble Servants
Jn Diot & Co
To His Excellency B. Franklin

Notation: Diot & Co: Augt. 7. 1780


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Paul Jones, 7 August 1780
From: Jones, John Paul
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honored & dear Sir,L’Orient August 7th 1780
I am honored in due Course with your esteemed favor of the 22d. Ult.— I send this by an Express that has given me no warning, but sets out immediately; so that I have not time to be very particular— The Ariel is in the Road, nearly ready for the Sea— I have taken on Board 146 Chests of Arms and 400 Barrels of Powder; I believe I shall be able to carry very little besides: But this is more than was carried on Board the Alliance by one half the Cannon excepted which took up no Room, being in the place of Ballast. Enclosed I send you a Correspondence I have had here respecting Wages and Prize Money.— I have obtained no answer nor satisfaction whatever from Gourlade & Moylan respecting the Prize Money. Mr. De Montplaisir has at last explained what he means and what I suppose M. de Chaumont has meant by a Roll en Regle. This is what I should never have guessed at— A Ledger stating in French the Account Current of every Man.— His demand has been complied with.— He has at last given up the Idea of commencing the Mens Wages in June who were Enlisted and had served several Months before. But he insists on deducting so much pr. Livre for the Hospital of Invalides.— This I cannot take upon myself to Allow; because these Men the Americans who served with me in the Bonhomme Richard never had any pretentions to that Hospital or received from it any benefit Whatever. And in America I should find myself in utter discredit with the Seamen in General— for I promised these Men when I enlisted them their wages without any deduction at the rate of Five Livres per Dollar— And as Mr. Garneir can tell you I was authorised by the Minister to make with them that Bargain.— But there remains another difficulty.— M. de Montplaisir will only give the means of paying the wages of the few officers and Men of the Bon homme Richard (45 in number) who are now with me in the Ariel.— I can obtain no satisfaction from him respecting the payment of the Wages of Men who have been carried away in Irons and are suffering for my sake in the Alliance after having Fought so bravely by my side in the Bonhomme Richard.— I leave you to judge how these things must distress me, and in what light I must appear to the Worthy Class of Men I am destined to Command in america.— I desire only to be certainly informed in what Bankers Hands of Paris the Wages and Prize Money in question will be Lodged (for I cannot expose myself to the Risque and damages of having my Bills protested should I draw either on any person here or on M. de Chaumont) and that I may be authorised to Draw Bills on that Banker on my arrival in America for the Ballance that may remain due when the Ariel Sails; and that in the meantime I may be furnished with an account of Sales of the Prizes.— As I have no Clerk all the within papers are originals except No. 1. and No. 2. Your Excellency will therefore please to return them to me by the Bearer.— Mr. Gillon of South Carolina has taken much pains to promulgate that you wrote him a Letter with an assurance that the Bon homme Richard was a Privateer. This has already done me much harm; and as it is not true, I beg your Excellency to contradict it.— I am and will be ever with the most profound Esteem and Respect
Honored and dear Sir Your most affectionate Friend and obliged Servant
Jno P Jones

Private I beg leave to mention a circumstance for your Observation.— The Court sent no orders whatever here either by Express or otherwise to Stop the Alliance by Force.— Landais was a mere Cat’s Paw in the Affair: And as a Friend who really Loves you, I must tell you I am persuaded your malicious Rivals levelled the Blow against You rather than me.
N.B. The Bearer is a Friend of mine the Count de Vauban whose pressing affairs call him back to Paris; but who will arrive here again the 15th. in order to Embark with me.
His Excellency Benjamin Franklin Esqr. &c. &c.

Notation: J. P. Jones L’Orient August 7. 1780


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Sartine: Two Letters, 7 August 1780
From: Sartine, Antoine-Raymond-Gualbert-Gabriel de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

I.
Versailles le 7. Aout 1780.
J’ai reçu, Monsieur, la Lettre que vous m’avez fait l’honneur de m’écrire le deux de ce mois relativement aux 16. prisonniers qui ont été remis par le Capitaine du Corsaire la Princesse Noire de Mr. Boucauld Commissaire à Morlaix vous verrez, Monsieur, par la Lettre que je viens de recevoir les raisons qui l’ont determiné à ne pas remettre ces Prisonniers au Capitaine du Parlementaire Anglois la Britania, ainsi que vous desirerez.
Je vous prie de me renvoyer la Lettre du Sr. Boucauld auquel je mande qu’il doit profiter du premier Batiment de Cartel pour faire repasser en Angleterre tous les Prisonniers faits par les Corsaires Americains qui se trouvent dans son Quartier.
J’ai l’honneur d’être avec la consideration la plus distinguée, Monsieur, votre tres humble et très obeissant Serviteur,
(signé) De Sartine
M. Franklin.

II.
A Versailles le 7. Aout 1780.
J’ai reçu, Monsieur, avec la Lettre que vous m’avez [fait] l’honneur de m’écrire le 5. de ce mois les dépeches à mon Adresse qui vous sont parvenues. Je vous suis très obligé de me les avoir envoyées promptement.
J’ai l’honneur d’être avec la plus parfaite Considération, Monsieur, Votre très humble et très obeissant Serviteur.
(signé) De Sartine./.
M. Franklin.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Samuel Huntington, 9 August 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Huntington, Samuel

Sir,Passy, Augt. 9. 1780.
With this your Excellency will receive a Copy of my last dated May 31. the Original of which, with Copies of preceding Letters, went by the Alliance, Capt. Landais who sailed the Beginning of last Month; & who I wish may arrive safe in America; being apprehensive that by her long Delay in Port from the Mutiny of the People, who after she was ready to sail refused to weigh Anchor ’till paid Wages &ca. she may fall in the Way of the English Fleet now out, or that her Crew, who have ever been infected with Disorder and Mutiny, may carry her into England. She had on her first coming out, a Conspiracy for that purpose; besides which her Officers and Captain quarrel’d with each other, the Captain with Commodore Jones, and there have been so many Embroils among them that it was impossible to get the Business forward while she staid, and she is at length gone without taking the Quantity of Stores she was capable of taking, and was order’d to take. I suppose the Conduct of that Captain will be enquired into by a Court Martial. Capt. Jones goes home in the Ariel, a Ship we have borrowed of Government here, and carries 146 Chests of Arms and 400 Barrels of Powder: To take the Rest of the Stores and Cloathing I have been obliged to freight a Ship, which being well armed and well manned will I hope get safe. The Cloaths for 10,000 Men are I think all made up; there are also Arms for 15,000, new & good, with 2000 Barrels of Powder; besides this, there is a great Quantity of Cloth I have bought, of which you will have the Invoices sent by Mr Williams; and another large Quantity purchased by Mr Ross; all going in the same Ship.
The little Authority we have here to govern our armed Ships, and the Inconvenience of Distance from the Ports, occasion abundance of Irregularities in the Conduct of both Men and Officers: I hope therefore that no more of those Vessels will be sent hither, ’till our Code of Laws is perfected respecting Ships abroad, and proper Persons appointed to manage such Affairs in the Sea Ports. They give me infinite Trouble; and tho’ I endeavour to act for the best, it is without Satisfaction to myself, being unacquainted with that kind of Business. I have often mentioned the Appointment of a Consul or Consuls. The Congress have perhaps not yet had time to consider that Matter.
Having already sent you by different Conveyances, Copies of my Proceedings with the Court of Denmark, relative to the three Prizes deliver’d up to the English, and requested the Instructions of Congress, I hope soon to receive them. I mentioned a Letter from the Congress to that Court, as what I thought might have a good Effect. I have since had more Reasons to be of that Opinion.
The unexpected Delay of Mr Deane’s Arrival has retarded the Settlement of the joint Accounts of the Commission, he having had the chief Management of the Commercial Part, and being therefore best able to explain Difficulties. I have just now the Pleasure to hear that the Fier Rodrigue with her Convoy from Virginia is arrived at Bordeaux, all safe, except one Tobacco Ship that founder’d at Sea, the Men saved. And I have a Letter from Mr Deane that he is at Rochelle, proposes to stop a few Days at Nantes, and then proceed to Paris, when I shall endeavour to see that Business compleated with all possible Expedition.
Mr Adams has given Offence to the Court here by some Sentiments and Expressions contained in several of his Letters written to the Count de Vergennes. I mention this with Reluctance, tho’ perhaps it would have been my Duty to acquaint you with such a Circumstance, even were it not required of me by the Minister himself. He has sent me Copies of the Correspondence, desiring I would communicate them to Congress; and I send them herewith. Mr Adams did not shew me his Letters before he sent them. I have in a former Letter to Mr Lovell, mentioned some of the Inconveniences that attend the having more than one Minister at the same Court; one of which Inconveniencies is, that they do not always hold the same Language, and that the Impressions made by one and intended for the Service of his Constituents, may be effaced by the Discourse of the other. It is true that Mr Adams’s proper Business is elsewhere, but the Time not being come for that Business, and having nothing else here wherewith to employ himself, he seems to have endeavour’d supplying what he may suppose my Negociations defective in. He thinks as he tells me himself, that America has been too free in Expressions of Gratitude to France; for that she is more obliged to us than we to her; and that we should shew Spirit in our Applications. I apprehend that he mistakes his Ground, and that this Court is to be treated with Decency & Delicacy. The King, a young and virtuous Prince, has, I am persuaded, a Pleasure in reflecting on the generous Benevolence of the Action, in assisting an oppress’d People, and proposes it as a Part of the Glory of his Reign: I think it right to encrease this Pleasure by our thankful Acknowledgements; and that such an Expression of Gratitude is not only our Duty but our Interest. A different Conduct seems to me what is not only improper and unbecoming, but what may be hurtful to us. Mr Adams, on the other Hand, who at the same time means our Welfare and Interest as much as I, or any Man can do, seems to think a little apparent Stoutness and greater Air of Independence & Boldness in our Demands, will procure us more ample Assistance. It is for the Congress to judge and regulate their Affairs accordingly. M. De Vergennes, who appears much offended, told me yesterday, that he would enter into no further Discussions with Mr Adams, nor answer any more of his Letters. He is gone to Holland to try, as he told me, whether something might not be done to render us a little less dependent on France. He says the Ideas of this Court & those of the People in America are so totally different, as that it is impossible for any Minister to please both. He ought to know America better than I do, having been there lately; and he may chuse to do what he thinks will best please the People of America: But when I consider the Expressions of Congress in many of their Publick Acts, and particularly in their Letter to the Chevr de la Luzerne of the 24th of May last, I cannot but imagine that he mistakes the Sentiments of a few for a general Opinion. It is my Intention while I stay here, to procure what Advantages I can for our Country, by endeavouring to please this Court; and I wish I could prevent anything being said by any of our Countrymen here that may have a contrary Effect, and increase an Opinion lately showing itself in Paris that we seek a Difference, and with a View of reconciling ourselves to England: Some of them have of late been very indiscreet in their Conversations.
I received 8 Months after their Date the Instructions of Congress relating to a new Article for guaranteeing the Fisheries. The expected Negociations for a Peace appearing of late more remote; and being too much occupied with other Affairs, I have not hitherto proposed that Article. But I purpose doing it next Week. It appears so reasonable and equitable that I do not foresee any Difficulty. In my next I shall give you an Account of what passes on the Occasion.

The Silver Medal order’d for the Chevr De Fleury, has been deliver’d to his Order here, he being gone to America. The others for Brigadier General Wayne, and Colonel Stuart, I shall send by the next good Opportunity.
The two thousand Pounds I furnish’d to Messrs. Adams and Jay, agreable to an Order of Congress, for themselves and Secretaries, being nearly expended & no Supplies to them arriving, I have thought it my Duty to furnish them with farther Sums, hoping the Supplies promised will soon arrive to reimburse me, and to enable me to pay the Bills drawn on Mr Laurens in Holland, which I have engaged for, to save the publick Credit, the Holders of those Bills threatening otherwise to protest them. Messrs De Neuville of Amsterdam had accepted some of them. I have promised those Gentlemen to provide for the Payment before they become due; and to accept such others as shall be presented to me. I hear and hope it is true, that the Drawing of such Bills is stopt and that their Number and Value is not very great.
The Bills drawn in favour of M. De Beaumarchais for the Interest of his Debt are paid.
The German Prince who gave me a Proposal some Month’s since for furnishing Troops to the Congress, has lately desired an Answer. I gave no Expectation that it was likely you would agree to such a Proposal, but being press’d to send it you, it went with some of my former Letters.
M. Fouquet, who was employed by Congress to instruct People in making Gunpowder, is arrived here after a long Passage. He has requested me to transmit a Memorial to Congress which I do inclosed.
The great publick Event in Europe of this Year is the Proposal by Russia of an armed Neutrality, for protecting the Liberty of Commerce. The Proposition is accepted now by most of the Maritime Powers. As it is likely to become the Law of Nations that free Ships should make free Goods, I wish the Congress to consider whether it may not be proper to give Orders to their Cruizers not to molest Foreign Ships, but conform to the Spirit of that Treaty of Neutrality.
The English have been much elated with their Success at Charlestown. The late News of the Junction of the French and Spanish Fleets, has a little abated their Spirits; and I hope that Junction, and the Arrival of the French Troops and Ships in N. America will soon produce News that may afford us also in our Turn some Satisfaction.
Application has been made to me here requesting that I would solicit Congress to permit the Exchange of William John Mawhood, a Lieut. in the 17th Regiment, taken Prisoner at Stony Point July 15th. 1779, and confined near Philadelphia: or if the Exchange cannot conveniently be made, that he may be permitted to return to England on his Parole. By doing this at my Request the Congress will enable me to oblige several Friends of ours, who are Persons of Merit & Distinction in this Country.
Be pleased, Sir, to present my Duty to Congress, & believe me to be, with great Respect, Your Excellency’s most obedient and most humble Servant
B Franklin

P.S. A similar Application has been made to me in favour of Richard Croft, Lieut in the 20th Regiment, a Prisoner at Charlotteville. I shall be much oblig’d by any Kindness shown to that young Gentleman, and so will some Friends of ours in England who respect his Father. BF.
To his Excellency Saml. Huntington Esq. President of Congress.

Notations in different hands: Aug. 9. 1780 from Doctr. Franklin read Feb. 19. 1781 / Alliance sailed without Stores. Jones to come in the Ariel with Arms and powder. Another Ship to bring Cloaths. Requests that no Vessels of War may be sent to France till a Code is perfected respecting Ships abroad. Affair with Denmark. Mr. Adams has given—has recd. the Instructions relative to guarantying the Fisheries—embarrassed by Bills drawn on him.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Samuel Huntington, 10 August 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Huntington, Samuel

Sir,Passy, Augt. 10. 1780
Having but just been acquainted with this Opportunity which goes directly, I have only time to write a few Lines; and only leave to send a Letter without any Pacquets of News Papers.
Count d’Estaing is gone to Spain to take the Command of the United Fleet.
The important Alliance of the Neutral Powers for the Protection of Trade, is nearly compleated It has met with some Delays & Obstructions in Holland thro’ English Influence, tho’ the Plan is more particularly to the Advantage of that State wch. subsists by Commerce & Carriage.
The Emperor is gone to Russia on a Visit to that Empress.
The Disposition of this Court towards us continues as favourable as ever; tho’ some Displeasure had lately been unluckily given to it; which perhaps will be explain’d to you by M. le Chevr de la Luzerne.
The Departure of the Supplies obtained here last Spring has met with Delays from various unforeseen Causes: Some are however gone in the Alliance: more will go in the Ariel Comme. Jones; and the rest, being the greatest part in a large Ship we have chartered. There is in all Clothing made up for 10,000 Men, 15000 Stand of Arms, 2000 Barrels of Gunpowder, some Cannon; and a good deal of Cloth &c unmade-up. I hope all will safely arrive before Winter.
The Ariel will sail next Week with my fuller Dispatches.
I have furnished Messrs Jay & Adams with the Moneys you ordered; and more since, those Sums being expended, and no Supplies arrived to them.
I have paid the Interest Bills to M. Beaumarchais.
I continue to pay punctually your Loan Interest Bills and I have to prevent their being protested, promis’d Payment of those Bills arrived in Holland drawn on Mr Laurens, who has not yet appear’d. I am anxious to support the Credit of Congress. They will not suffer me to lose my own. But if these extra Demands are multiplied upon me, & no Supplies sent, I must become a Bankrupt: For I cannot continually worry the Court for more Money.
The Privateers Black Prince & Black Princess, with Congress Commissions issued here by me, and mann’d partly with Americans, have greatly harrass’d the English Coasting Trade, having taken in 18 Months near 120 Sail. The Prince was wreck’d on this Coast, the Men saved. The Princess still reigns, and in a late Cruize of 20 Days between June 20 & July 10, took 28 Prizes, some very valuable.
I must repeat my Motion that the Congress would appoint Consuls in the principal Ports, to take care of their maritime and commercial Affairs; and beg earnestly that no more Fregates may be sent here to my Care.
Much Clamour has been made here about the Depreciation of our Money, but it is a good deal abated. I wish however to be furnish’d with authentic Informations of the Intentions of Congress relative to that Matter.
Mr Adams is gone to Holland for a few Weeks. Mr Dana remains here.

I am told Complaints are likely to be made against me by Messrs Lee & Izard & Capt Landais. If such should be laid before Congress, I wish to receive Copies of them; and knowing the Uprightness and Clearness of my own Conduct, I have no doubt of answering them to Satisfaction. I hear you have already had some Sheets of the kind from Mr Lee.
Be pleased to present my dutiful Respects to Congress, and assure them of my most faithful Services.
I have the Honour to be, with great Respect Sir Your Exy’s &ca

P.S. The Fier Rodrigue with her convoy from Virginia are all safe arrived except one Vessel that founded at Sea the Men saved.
To his Excelly. S. Huntington Esqe. President of Congress.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Robert Troup, 10 August 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Troup, Robert

Sir,Passy, Aug. 10. 1780.
I received the Letter you wrote me by Order of the Board of Treasury, dated Sept. 29. 1779. requesting me to procure Medals to be struck here agreable to the Several resolutions of Congress you inclosed to me. I have got one of them finished, that in Silver for Colonel Fleury; & two others, with the same Devices relating to Stony Point, one for Major General Wayne in Gold and one for major Steuart in Silver. They are well done, by the king’s medallist; But the Price is high, each Die costing 1000 Livres. Col. Fleurys is delivered to his Order here, he being returned to america. The other two will go by the first good Opportunity. I shall also forward the Engraving of the others as fast as possible.— Be pleased to present my Respects to the Board, who I wish had furnished me with the Devices proper for the Other medals, the Difficulty of pleasing myself with regard to them occasioning some Delay. I have the honour to be Sir, Your most obedient and most humble Servant
B Franklin
Robert Troup Esqr. Secretary to the Board of Treasury.

Notation: Letter from doct Franklin Passy Aug 10. 1780 to R Troup Secy bd. of treasy Read March 23. 1781


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Tristram Dalton, [11] August 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Dalton, Tristram

Sir,Passy, Augt. [11] 1780.
I wrote to you the 17th. of October last, on the Subject of your unfortunate Brig. I suppose you received that Letter, as the Vessel I sent it by arrived. I now enclose a Copy of the Answer I some time since received to my Application on your Behalf, together with a Copy of a Letter I wrote immediately on receiving that Answer. I have since heard nothing more of the affair. The minister of the Marine has in this time of War an infinity of Business. I suppose it has slipt his Memory; But I will remind him of it, tho’ I cannot say I have much hopes of Obtaining a Reconsideration. I have the Honour to be Sir, &c.
Tristram Dalton Esqe. Newbury Port, New England.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Dumas, 11 August 1780
From: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur,La Haie 11e. Août 1780.
J’ai reçu la très-agréable vôtre des mains de Son Exc. Mr. Adams. J’ai taché de lui rendre le séjour de la Haie agréable, & de satisfaire sa curiosité; & j’ai lieu de penser qu’il est content de moi. J’ai eu l’honneur, entre autres de le présenter à M. l’Ambassadeur de France. Enfin je l’ai accompagné jusqu’à Leide; & j’espere de le revoir quand il repassera, pour continuer de lui être utile.
La maniere gaie dont vous parlez, Monsieur, du désastre de Charlestown, pour m’en consoler, produit l’effet que vous vous êtes proposé. Je fais de mon mieux pour que le même effet ait lieu dans les têtes de nos amis en ce pays; & je souhaite que nous recevions bientôt des nouvelles propres à rabattre les fumées qui sont montées dans celles des Anglomanes, au milieu desquels je fais ici en attendant une figure bien mortifiante, celle d’un hibou placé en plein jour au milieu d’un bois rempli d’oiseaux, qui tous l’insultent par leurs cris. Si l’extrême oeconomie que je dois observer, me laissoit une douzaine de Louis de reste, j’aurois volontiers passé ce mois de vacances, où rien ne se fait à Lahaie, à Amsterdam & dans ses environs, tant pour le bien des affaires, que pour ma santé, qui souffre de cette position désagreable.— Je suis bien sensible, Monsieur, à l’obligeant intérêt que vous prenez à ma santé. Je n’ai plus ces obstructions dans les reins; & j’espere que les chaleurs de l’Eté passeront, pour me rétablir entierement d’un espece d’accablement ou d’épuisement qui me reste.
Je suis bien aise de voir que l’affaire de Mr. Jones ne vous compromet en rien, Monsieur.
Voici la copie de la Déclaration notariale du Sr. Is. White, &c. que j’ai remise à S. E. M. l’Ambr. de Fce.
Le Baron de Wulfen, & sa famille de Venlo ne me plaisent ni les uns ni les autres. Ils ont voulu m’excroquer encore de l’argent par une assignation tirée sur moi de 8 Ducats, que j’ai refusé de payer.

J’apprends que Mr. Silas Deane est arrivé dans le fier Rodrigue. Peut-être est-il actuellement à Passy. Permettez, en ce cas, Monsieur, que je place ici les assurances de mon respect pour lui, & l’espérance qu’il m’aime toujours.
J’étois à Leide quand Mr. Appleton a passé ici avec votre Lettre de recommandation. Je l’ai vu un moment à Leide, & lui ai témoigné mes regrets de n’avoir pas été chez moi. Il est allé avec Mr. Adams à Amsterdam.
J’espere que Mr. Wm. Franklin votre cher fils est constamment bien portant, & m’honore toujours de son amitié.
Je suis avec le plus respectueux attachement, Monsieur Votre très-humble & très-obéissant serviteur
Dumas

Permettez, Monsieur, que je vous rappelle l’espérance & promesse que vous m’avez faites dans une de vos Lettres du commencement de l’année passée, d’écrire à mon sujet au Congrès, pour qu’il ratifie mon état d’Agent des Etats-Unis par une Résolution & Commission en forme, qui m’assure enfin une existence à l’abri des évenemens, des chicanes & des Intrigues. Il ne m’étoit jamais venu dans l’esprit, depuis le commencement où je fus honoré des ordres et commissions de l’hon. Committé des Affaires étrangeres, au nom du Congrès, que j’eusse autre chose à craindre pour mon sort, que le mauvais succès de la Révolution Américaine. Mais depuis le commencement de l’année passée, il m’est revenu des Discours qu’ont tenu divers Américains, & ils m’ont lâché à moi-même (entre autres Mr. TULBO, qui paroît fort prévenu contre moi) certaines insinuations, comme si les Commissions & engagemens du dit Committé n’avoient nullement l’importance & la solidité que je croyois; sans me convaincre, ces discours & ces insinuations n’ont pas laissé de me causer à moi, & surtout à ma famille, des inquiétudes qui ont répandu beaucoup d’amertume journaliere sur ma vie. Exposé à toute la haine ici d’un Puissant Parti, ne pouvant compter sur l’amitié & sur la considération des amis de l’Amérique, qu’autant qu’ils verront que le Congrès se soucie de moi, il est naturel que je sollicite qu’il veuille enfin m’honorer d’un moment d’attention; & l’espérance que vous voudrez bien me donner à cet égard, Monsieur, m’est très-nécessaire pour rassurer ma femme & ma fille, à qui l’on ne cesse de remplir la tête de terreurs de toute espece sur mon sort, & par conséquent sur le leur.
Passy à Son Ex. M. B. Franklin

Addressed: à Son Excellence / Monsieur B. Franklin, Esqr. / Min. Plenipe. des Etats-Unis / &c. / Passy./.
Notation: Dumas la haie Augt 11 1780


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Gourlade & Moylan, 11 August 1780
From: Gourlade & Moylan
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honord SirL’Orient 11th. August 1780
We are persuaded that Commodore Jones Kept you regularly advised of the State of the Frigate Ariel wch. was the reason we did not trouble you on the same subject since our letter to you of the 19 ulto.— That vessel has been in the Rode since the 29th. of said month and nothing now delays her departure but the settlement of the Bon homme Richard’s prize money & wages. We wish you & Mr. Le Ray De Chaumont woud fall on some plan to bring these matters to some conclusion, otherwise the delay of the Ariel will be attended with aditional & heavy expence, for all vessels in port are continually in want.
We have the honor to be respectfully Honord Sir Your most obedient & most humble Sts
Gourlade & Moylan
The Honorable B. Franklin Esqr. Minister plenepotentiary from the United States of America at passÿ

Addressed: The Honorable / Benj: Franklin Esqr. / Minester plenepotentiary from / the United States of America / at / Passÿ
Notations: Gourlade & Moylan L’Orient August 11. 1780 / Repondue le 19. augt


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from William Hodgson, 11 August 1780
From: Hodgson, William
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear sirLondon 11th Augt. 1780
I wrote you on the 4th Instant in which I stated the actual Situation of the Negotiation for the further exchange of your people & referred you to the Copy of a Memorial I had drawn & sent to the Comrs. of Sick & Hurt on the Subject.
Since then I had a Message from the Board of Sick & Hurt desiring to see me, I waited upon them accordingly & they shewed me a Letter from the Lords of the Admeralty on the Subject of the Memorial I had presented. It consisted of the recital of my propositions & concluded by this Declaration that having taken the same into Consideration they coud not depart from their former Resolution. viz to exchange Man for Man of the American prisoners against Man for Man of his Majestys Subjects taken by American Vessells in Europe. I am exceedingly sorry my endeavours have been attended with so little success, but I flatter myself you will do me the Justice to believe no Zeal of Mine was wanting on the Occasion— I shall be happy if on any future Occasion I can be of the least use in forwarding the Cause of Humanity, Liberty, Peace or Reconcilement but as Milton says— “How can true Reconcilement, grow where Wounds of deadly hate, have pierced so deep.”
I am Dr sir very Respectfully Your most Obed & Hble Sert
William Hodgson
Dr Franklin

Addressed: Dr Franklin / Passy
Endorsed: Answer’d Aug. 25.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Edward Jackson Jones, 11 August 1780
From: Jones, Edward Jackson
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir.August 11th. 1780.
In consequence of the case I have submitted to your consideration, I have to inform you that I waited on the Spanish Ambassador and received yesterday for answer that as he had no orders to advance money to Spanish subjects passing through France, he must beg to decline it and concluded with recommending it to me to apply to you as the most proper Person.— My applying to you however has not been the effect of his Advice, nor any Merit as an American—on the contrary I apply to you in your private capacity, being perfectly sensible, that my Family would be very happy in a similar situation to render any of yours the same service.— I want to leave Paris as soon as possible to go to Bourdeaux where I have a Correspondent and from Whence I mean to embark.— To pay therefore any sum that might be advanced to me here, I would wish to draw on myself payable at Thirty days sight—and to secure the Lender, deposit in his hands, an Accepted draft of mine on John Goddard Esqr. of the Plantation Office in London, payable the first of December next for One hundred pounds—as I do not want so much as that sum, it must be returned to my Correspondent at Bourdeaux the moment my draft is paid.
If this mode of accomodating myself fails the consequences must be truly serious, as I have already been insulted by my Landlord and tomorrow morning is the last moment he has allowed me.— It would give me much pain to solicit you in a matter that might in its consequences tend to injure your Fortune—but I hope that the smallness of the sum added to the security I offer will effectually remove every apprehension of that Kind.
I have the Honor to be Sir Your most Obedt. & most humble Servt.
E. Jones
His Excellency Benjamin Franklin Esqr.

Addressed: His Excellency Benjamin Franklin Esqr / at Passy
Notation: E. Jones. Paris August 11. 1780


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Sartine, 11 August 1780
From: Sartine, Antoine-Raymond-Gualbert-Gabriel de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Versailles le 11. Aout 1780.
J’ai l’honneur de vous envoyer, Monsieur, les procedures des Prises et Rançons faites par le Corsaire Americain le Prince Noir. et qui ont été instruites par l’Amiraute de Morlaix. Comme le Conseil des Prises ne prend pas connoissance des prises faites par des Corsaires munis de commission des Etats unis, je crois devoir vous envoyer ces Pieces./.
J’ai l’honneur d’être avec la consideration la plus distinguée, Monsieur, votre très humble et très obeissant Serviteur
(signé) De Sartine
Je vous prie Monsieur, de vouloir bien m’accuser la Reception de ces procedures.M. Franklin.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Torris, 11 August 1780
From: Torris, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honnd. SirDunkerque 11th. Augt. 1780.
The Judgement your Excellency sends me for the five first Ransoms of the Black Princess I have Recd. & am thankfull for the Same.

I had already been Told the Intentions of our Councill for Prises, relative to the Flora; the Same I cannot conceive, & I think the Judgment Issued by your Excellency, Conformable to the King’s Réglement 28th. June 1778, must have it’s exécution or be appeald to Congress.
I have no Answer yet relative to the Commission of the Princess who is Sailed the 2d. Instt., But am not uneasy on the Subject, & your Excellency will wait till the Cruise is out. The Poor Capt. John Bell with his Boy, are Still at St. Omers I think— They are meer Prisonners, His Brig Hopewell havg. been Taken by the Black Prince & afterwd. retaken by the Ennemy. ‘Tis really a great misfortune for John Bell to have Sufferd so long a Time, & I have often wished for his Exchange, & in doing the Same, ‘Tis granting an act of Humanity.
I respectfully am Honnd. Sir Your Excellency’s Most Humble & most obedient Servant
J. Torris
His Excellency Dr. Franklin./.

Notation: Mr. Torris. Augt. 11. 1780


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to John Paul Jones: Two Letters, 12 August 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Jones, John Paul

I.
Sir,Passy, Augt. 12. 1780
You are hereby directed to proceed as soon as possible with the Ship under your Command, to the Port you can best make in North America, and deliver the Arms, Powder & other Stores, to such Officers of Congress as are appointed to take Care of such Matters, for which this shall be your Order.
I am, Sir, Your most obedient humble Servant
B  Franklin

To the honourable Commodore John P. Jones, Esqr. at present commanding the Ship Ariel in the Service of the United States,

Notation: No. 38. Augt. 12 1780 Orders from Dr. Franklin to Capt. Jones, to sail with the Ariel to America

II.

Dear Sir,Passy, Aug. 12. 1780.
I received yours by the Count de Vauban, and I send by him my Public Dispatches, requesting you to sink them if necessary. I am glad you are so near ready for sailing. I return all the Papers that were enclosed in yours, and send Copies of some others which perhaps may be of use to you in your future affair with Landais. Depend upon it I never wrote to Mr. Gillon that the Bonhomme Richard was a Privateer. I could not write so, because I never had Such a Thought. I will next Post send you a Copy of my Letter to him; by which you will see, that he has only forced that Construction from a vague Expression I used merely to conceal from him, (in answering his idle demand that I would order your Squadron, then on the Point of Sailing, to go with him to Carolina) that the Expedition was at the Expence and under the Direction of the King, which it was not proper or necessary for him to know. The Expression I used was that the Concerned had destined the Squadron for another Service. These Words, the Concerned, he & the Counsellor, have interpreted to mean the Owners of a Privateer. I shall send per Post some private Letters for my american Friends, for which I had not time by your Express. If you Should be Still at L’Orient when they come, it is well; but do not wait a Moment for them if you are ready to sail & the Wind Serves. Adieu. I wish you a prosperous Voyage, a happy Sight of your Friends and Country, and that you may be receiv’d with all the Honour you have so justly merited.

I am ever, Dear Sir, Your most obedient & most humble Servant
B Franklin

P.S. I Say nothing about the Prize money having never had any thing to do with it. But I will endeavour to forward the Payment to those honest Fellows who are gone to America.
Pray let me know if the Dispatches I formerly sent down to go with you in the alliance are gone in her. There were Letters containing the proceedings about Capt. Landais.
My Respects to Mr Wharton, Mr Ross, &c.
Mr Wm T. Franklin wishes Health, Honour & Happiness to his Friend the Commodore.
Honble: Comme. Jones.

Notation: From his Excellency Dr. Franklin Passy, August 12th 1780 No. 7.