Title: The Conde de Aranda to the Marqués de Grimaldi: Extract, [13 January 1777]
From: Aranda, Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, Conde de
To: Grimaldi, Jeronimo, marqués de

Excmo. Sr.
Muy Sr. mio: a consequencia del Oficio antecedente dirè a V Ea, que viendo no se me explicaba el Dr. Franklin no obstante su promesa, le hice entender que desearia hablarle, y efectivamente vino acompañado de Arthur Lee la noche del sabado 4 del corriente.
Por la dificultad de entendernos me parecio, que seria mui del caso valerme del Conde de Lascy Ministro plenipotenciario del rey en la Corte de Petersbourg, y alojado en mi casa, quien posehe la lengua Inglesa; para que aclarase a Franklin, y Lee la inteligencia de los puntos que se tocasen, si no los concebian bien, y a mi igualmente por la explicacion de ellos.
“Preguntè al Dr. Franklin, quando entregaria el papel de proposicion para la España, respecto a que avia proporcion de dirigirlo.”
Respondio que lo tenia ya formado, faltando solo el confrontar su copia; y averse retardado, por haver estado algo indispuesto Mr. Dean.
“Si dicho papel contenia alguna cosa diferente del entregado a la Francia.”
Respondio, que no, y ser identico, como tambien conforme a las ordenes que tenia del Congreso.
“Si no avia alguna diferencia precisamente, atendiendo a que la posicion de los dominios de España, y sus nombres siempre exigian uncontexto, que avia de variar del de la Francia.”
Respondio, que estaba autorizado del Congreso, para tratar con cada una de las dos Cortes segun sus intereses, y con plenos poderes para quanto ocurriese.
“Como es que sin hallarse aun asegurados de su independencia, y sin estar tampoco reconocidos aun por estas potencias, venian proponiendo tratados, quando todo el mundo crehia que la venida del Dr. Franklin se dirigia mas presto à solicitar auxilios, que los ayudasen hasta conseguir su reparacion.”
Respondio, que por medio de semejante tratado verian la potencia que quisiesse ser su Amiga de veras; y que hasta averse asegurado de esta calidad, no avian crehido conveniente entrar en el punto de necesidad, tanto mas que su situacion aun no era tal, que necesitasse imediatamente auxilios directos.
“Si era cierto que avian recivido ya socorros de este reino; si avia partido el Amphitrite; y si otros dos bastimentos que debian seguirle, lo hacian, o se suspendian.”
Respondio: que de esta Potencia no havian recibido socorros algunos; que por medio de una Compania se les havian provisto diferentes generos, armas y municiones; que tambien se avian recivido oficiales a su Servicio; y que en todo esto no avia hecho la Francia otra cosa, sino el no oponerse, y dejar libertad de practicarlo: que el Amphitrite avia salido, y crehia averse suspendido la salida de los otros dos buques.
“Quales serian los auxilios, que mas les urgian en la actualidad.”
Respondio, que cañones de Bronze, y buques de guerra, respecto à que los bastimentos que tenian hasta ahora, eran inferiores en feurza à los Ingleses; y bien que eran muchos sus armadores, y havian hecho cantidad de presas hasta el importe de millon y medio de libras Sterlinas segun computo hecho en el mismo Londres; como no podian presentarse à las naves de guerra Inglesas, siempre era una inferioridad que necesitaban reparar: tanto mas que los Ingleses con sus muchas naves de guerra, y las de transporte cubiertas de ellas, estaban en estado de llevar sus Tropas, y viveres à qualquiera parte de aquel continente.
“Por que no hacia de una vez para la Corte de Madrid todas las explicaciones que tuviesse que hacerle; respecto a que por la distancia no havia la proporcion de manifestarlas de un dia a otro, como se podia practicar en Versailles, sabiendo desde luego tambien sus respuestas.”
Respondio que en esta consideracion entragaria otro papel, que contendria quanto se le avia indicado; que si convenia que uno de sus Compañeros diputados pasase a Madrid, lo haria desde luego.
A esto le dije, que el hacerlo, o no era libre en ellos; pero que no se adelantaria tanto, porque entre si tendrian que entenderse por los Correos ordinarios; y la Corte de Madrid en qualquiera proposicion que reciviesse, querria consultarla con la de Paris; siendo mejor hacer aqui las explicaciones, porque ya se comunicarian a Madrid con el dictamen de esta Corte, y le repeti, que si lo querian, que so propondria à Madrid. Hicieron ambos con este motivo muchas demonstraciones de respeto acia el Rey Catolico, y que su principal fin era el de convencer que de su parte anhelaban su proteccion.
“Si hacian algun Comercio con los dominios Españoles de America.”
Respondieron que antes estando bajo la dominacion Britanica hacian alguno por la parte de la Jamaica, pero que en estos tiempos no lo practicaban.
“Si tenian muchos Oficiales Extrangeros.”
Respondio que el maior numero era de franceses, algunos Alemanes, y un Polaco: que al principio havian pasado algunos desde St. Domingo, y otros trasferidose desde los Puertos de Francia: aviendo tenido el pensamiento de levantar tres regimentos en el Canada; pero inutilizadose por averlo ocupado los Ingleses. Que mantenian dichos Oficiales asalariados, bien que sin emplearlos.
“Si no entraria la mala inteligencia en los miembros del Congreso.”
Respondio mui sucintamente que no.
Para abrirles un poco el animo, y que no extrañassen las questiones que se les havian hecho, les dije, que se dirigian à tomar una luz del estado en que se hallaban; y que reciprocamente podian preguntar lo que les pareciese, pues en lo que yo pudiesse corresponderles, se les diria con franqueza, como tambien, si no me hallasse en estado de contextarles.
Entonces me preguntaron, si tenia probabilidad, que la rusia acordasse un Cuerpo de tropas à la Inglaterra contra los Americanos, en tono de hacerles mucha impresion este recelo: y les dije, que las noticias publicas de gazeta havian hablado de ello, pero que nada mas se sabia.
Expusieron, que el Congreso avia embiado à Cadiz seis cargamentos de su cuenta dirigidos a la casa Inglesa de Buick, y Compañia, la qual se resistia a sus pagos; siendo este caudal urgente, porque el congreso lo havia destinado, para hacer en Francia las compras que necesitaba: y preguntaron, que medio auvia de conseguir de dicha casa tan justa satisfaccion, respecto à que se negaba a toda contextacion sobre este asunto.
Les dije si seria acaso una especie de represalla como casa Inglesa, por descubiertos que otros negociantes de las Islas Britanicas tendrian con los Americanos; y a esto respondieron, que no podia ser, pues la correspondencia de los particulares nunca se avia cortado, antes bien vigilado el congresso, en que se mantuviese con toda exactitud; de tal modo que en su propio bastimento avian venido varias letras de Cambio para el Comercio de Londres. Se les explicó pues, que el modo de solicitar el cobro de la Casa de Buick, seria el presentarse un particular con los conocimientos de su deuda, y poderes necesarios, pidiendo ante el tribunal que correspondiesse el pago de lo que se les debiesse; y que en este caso se podria buscar un apoyo de la autoridad, para que se les administrasse justicia sin demora.

Translation
Excellency, Dear Sir:
[January 13, 1777]
With regard to my last communication,I wish to inform you that, when Mr. Franklin did not get in touch with me as promised, I let him know that I should like to see him; and finally he came, accompanied by Arthur Lee, on Saturday night the 4th instant.
Because of the language difficulty I thought it would be helpful to ask Count Lascy, the King’s minister to the court of St. Petersburg and a guest in my house, who knows English, to clarify for Franklin and Lee the meaning of what I said, in case they misunderdstood me, and similarly for me the meaning of what they said.
“I asked Dr. Franklin when he could deliver the paper of proposals to Spain, so that it could be forwarded.”

He answered that he already had the paper in shape, and all that was needed was to check the copy; this had been delayed by Mr. Dean’s indisposition.
“Did the paper contain any points different from that delivered to France?”
He said no, it was identical, and also accorded with his instructions from Congress.
“Was there not some kind of difference, inasmuch as the position and names of the Spanish dominions required variations from the text addressed to France?”
He was authorized by Congress to deal with each court according to its interests, he answered, and to make decisions as necessary.
“How is it that they are proposing treaties, without being yet assured of their independence or of recognition by these powers, when every one thought that Dr. Franklin’s trip was rather to seek assistance in reaching that objective?”
They would discover by such treaties which power wanted to be a true friend, he answered. Until they knew this they had thought a discussion of their needs inappropriate, particularly as the situation did not yet require direct and immediate help.
“Had they in fact already received help from this kingdom, had the Amphitrite sailed, and were the other two shipments that were supposed to follow going to be sent or delayed?”
He replied that they had not received assistance from this power. Through a company they had received supplies of different kinds, arms and ammunition, and officers for their service; France had merely refrained from interfering. The Amphitrite had sailed; the departure of the other two ships, he thought, had been suspended.
“What assistance is most urgently needed at this point?”
Bronze cannon and warships, he answered, because those they had were much less effective than the English. Although they had numerous shipyards and had captured English vessels to the value of a million and a half sterling, according to London’s own estimate, they were still unable to confront the English warships. This inferiority must be remedied, particularly because English transports protected by men-of-war could carry troops and supplies to any part of the continent.
“Why did he not pull together all the points that he was supposed to put to the court of Madrid, since distance precluded what would be possible in Versailles, questions and answers on a day-to-day basis?”
He replied, in the light of this suggestion, that he would submit another paper containing all the points at issue.If one of his fellow commissioners might appropriately go to Madrid, he would of course do so.
I answered that this was up to them but that it would not save much time, because they would have to correspond with each other by ordinary mail, and the court of Madrid would want to consult with Paris on any proposal received, so that the points might better be made here and communicated to Madrid. But if they wished, I repeated, this idea could be transmitted to Madrid. Both of them took the occasion to express their respect for his Catholic Majesty; their chief aim was to demonstrate a desire for his protection.
“Could they trade to any extent with the Spanish dominions in America?”
They answered that previously, under British control, they had had some trade through Jamaica, but at present had none.
“Had they many foreign officers?”
The majority were French, he replied, and some Germans and one Pole. They had come at the beginning either through St. Domingo or from French ports, with the intention of raising three regiments in Canada; but this plan had come to nothing because of the English occupation. They kept such officers on the payroll even when they were not used.
“Did members of Congress misunderstand what was going on?”

He answered succinctly no.
I told them, to be encouraging and to prevent surprise at the questions asked them, that those questions were meant to clarify their situation, and that they in turn might ask any they wished; I would either answer candidly or tell them that I could not answer.
They then asked me, in a tone that strongly implied anxiety, whether Russia was likely to furnish England with troops to use against the Americans. I told them that the Gazette had made some mention of this, but that nothing more was known.
They said that Congress had sent six shipments on its account to the English house of Buick & Company in Cadiz, which was refusing to pay.The matter was urgent, because Congress had earmarked the money for necessary purchases in France; they asked how payment might be extracted, when the company answered no inquiries.
This might be reprisal by an English firm, I suggested, for outstanding American obligations to British merchants. That could not be, they answered: private dealings had never been interrupted; on the contrary, they had been carefully maintained by Congress, and its shipments had arrived with letters of credit on London. I explained that the way to collect from the Buick firm was to file a brief giving the details of the debt, with the necessary documentation and powers of attorney, and to ask the court for payment. They might thus invoke the help of the authorities in obtaining prompt justice.


Title: The American Commissioners to Gérard, 14 January 1777
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur
To: Gérard, Conrad-Alexandre

The commissioners are here acknowledging, on the surface, the King’s message that Gérard had transmitted to them the day before. Their gratitude, however, had little to do with the message, which offered them nothing beyond a vague promise, at the end, of help in purchasing supplies. What they are in fact acknowledging is Gérard’s verbal definition of that promise, not to be mentioned on paper by either side, as a loan of two million livres under the guise of contributions from well-wishers in France.

Paris. Jany. 14th. 1777.
We thank Monsr. Gerard, for the polite and explicit manner in which he has communicated his Majesty’s Message.
We beg to return our most grateful sense of the gracious intentions, which his Majesty has had the goodness to signify towards our States; and to assure his Majesty, that we shall ever retain the warmest gratitude for the substantial proofs he has given us, of his regard; and that we will, in due time, endeavour to impress our Constituents, with the same sentiments.
We feel the strength of the reasons, his Majesty has been pleasd to assign for the conduct he means to hold; and the magnanimity of his motives. We beg leave to assure his Majesty, that we shall at all times, and in all things endeavor to conform ourselves to the views he has opend to us; as nothing is farther from our intention, than to precipitate his Majesty into any measures which his royal wisdom and justice may disapprove. And if in any thing we shoud contravene these purposes, we shall always be happy and ready to amend it, according to the advice and direction of Government.


Title: Thomas Morris to the American Commissioners, 14 January 1777
From: Morris, Thomas
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Gentlemen
Nantes. January 14th. 1777
I embrace this opportunity of Captain Nicholsons return to Paris to acquaint you with my arrival here yesterday about four O’Clock in the afternoon. Mr. Penet having some bussiness at Orleans, detained us at that place a few hours, which together with the badness of the roads rendered it impossible for us to make greater dispatch than we did.I have now the pleasure to acquaint you that best part of the Tobacco is disposed of at a price that will neat [net] about 13 Sous per lb. Two of the Ships are near ready to take onboard their return Cargoes which are now in store waiting. I expect one of them the Success Captain Anderson will be dispatched in 10 days from this date, for your government in preparing any Papers you may have to send to America. Captain Wickes has been at Port L’Orient and will write you fully with respect to the Ships you desired him to examine there, and an Inventory of the 36 Gun Frigate will be sent to Paris, and as Captain Nicholson will be on the Spot, he can form a judgement of the situation that Ships in, and what may be still necessary provided you determine to purchase her.I shoud be glad to know your sentiments with respect to any prizes that may be sent into any of the French Ports by American Privateers, and wether you are of oppinion they will meet the protection of the Court of France. I shall keep you regularly advised of every occurrence here, and in the mean time remain with much respect Gentlemen Your most Obedient Servant
Thos. Morris

PS. As Captain Nicholson does not go to L’Orient the letters for Mr. Bromfield will be sent to him by Express this forenoon.
Benjn. Franklyn, Silas Deane & Arthur Lee Esqrs. Paris

Addressed: To / The Honble. Benjn: Franklin Esqr. / at / Paris
Notation: Nantes Jany 14th 1777 Letter from Thos. Morris Esqr


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Meschinet de Richemond, fils, 14 January 1777: résumé
From: Meschinet de Richemond, ——, fils
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<La Rochelle, January 14, 1777, in English: Respect for the brave defenders of American liberty makes me want to establish contact with them. But they have hitherto seemed ignorant of our harbor, and used Nantes or Bordeaux instead. This haven is safe, frequented by ships of all nations and particularly those from French America, and a good market for indigo, rice, fish oil, and furs. Our brandy is almost as good as that of Cognac. We export all manufactured articles, and gunpowder is made nearby. Mr. Schweighauser and others will assure you that I deserve your trust. I should be glad to assist American ships if you will send them here.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Nathan Rumsey, 14 January 1777
From: Rumsey, Nathan
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honorable Sir
Nantes Jany. 14th. 1777.
Yrs. of the 6th Instant by Mr. Penet, and of the 11th. by Mr. Williams I safely rec’d. I am happy that Messieurs Morris and Penet are safely arrived. The papers respecting the Prizes I have put in Mr. Morris’s hands. Nothing material has been agitated with respect to a reclamation since I had the Honor of writing to You last. Cap. Cod has offered to purchase his Vessel of Cap. Wickes, but he is too late: He applied both to Mr. Gruel and Self first, but as we looked upon his application as intended to entrap by gaining an acknowledgement from us that we had something to do in the Matter we always refered him to Cap. Wickes. Pratchell has been seen with a Lawyer, but Nothing has yet Transpired.But should any thing result from it, I shall not fail to give You every particular according to your request. I shall duly inform Mess. Penet and Gruel of the 300 Louis rec’d by you on their Accts. of Mr. Sollier. I shall always Sir be proud of your Correspondence and sensible of the Honor, In the Course of which any Intelligence You may please to give me You may depend shall be honorably kept to myself. With the Utmost respect I am Honorable Sir Your Most obedient Humble Servant
Nathan Rumsey

Addressed: The Honorable / Doctor Benjamin Franklin / at / Paris. / per Cap. Nicholson.
Notation: Nathan Rumsey Jan 14. 77.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 14 January 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

This is the first letter in Williams’ extensive correspondence from Nantes. He went at Deane’s suggestion, and expected to return as soon as he had inspected the stores that Peltier, the agent of Hortalez & Cie., was loading on the Mercure.But he also had other tasks assigned him. One, to judge by this and the following letter, was to investigate Penet, his relations with Gruel, and his failure to work with Schweighauser. Another, to judge by later letters, was to keep an eye on Thomas Morris, about whom, even though he had just arrived, the commissioners were clearly uneasy. They kept Williams in Nantes on these assignments, and he was soon acting as their agent. His difficulties, combined with his lack of self-assurance, generated a prodigious volume of letters, to Franklin and to the commissioners; and their delays in answering augmented his anxieties.

Dear and honored Sir
Nantes 14th Janry 1777. Tuesday 1 oClock
I arrived here last evening about 10 oClock and am now writing at Mr. Pennetts who with Mr. Morris I find arrived a few Hours before me. I have been with Mr. Montardoine and Mr. Shweighaussen from whom I have received every offer of civility, and do not doubt but I shall be able to collect the best Information upon every subject that affects the American Interests; at present I have nothing conclusive enough for a proper Report, but I shall see Mr. Rogers this Evening, who returned with the Amphitrite and without being so pressing as to discover my Reasons for Enquiry, I hope to obtain full Information with regard to that Ship.
I have been at Mr. Peltier (Mr. Beaumar[chais’] Agent) but have not yet seen him. I shall however meet him on ’Change and shall not lose a moment’s Time in the Execution of my Business.
I dispatch this by Capt. Nichelson but I propose to write you more fully by post this Evening.I am with best Respects to Mr. Deane and Mr. Lee Your dutifull and Affectionate Kinsman
J Williams Junr

I address this to you only, because as Capt. Nich[olson] is waiting, I am obliged to write with too much Haste for a regular Report.
I see Capt. Weeks here who says he waits to know whether prizes are admissible into french ports.

Addressed: Doctor Franklin / a l’Hotel de Hambourg / Rue Jacob / a Paris.
Notation: J. Williams 14 Janry 77


Title: Jonathan Williams, Jr., to the American Commissioners, 14 January 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Gentlemen
Nantes 14 Jan. 1777
Since writing this morning by Capt. Nicholson I have been with Monsr. Peltrier, who informs me that the Vessell is at the mouth of the River, where it seems all Vessells of Burden are obliged to load. She is not yet loaded but there are several Cases of Fusils gone from hence to the Ship, and Monsr. Peltrier expects a Barge loaded with Bales to come down the River this Week which has hitherto been detained by the Ice. Mr. Peltrier and myself are to set off tomorrow morning for the Ship, and we expect to be able to return the next day. I shall pay particular regard to your Instructions on this head, and as the Ship is not yet loaded I shall have better opportunity to inspect into the Quality of the Goods, that done I shall do my best Endeavours to hasten her Departure. Mr. Peltrier appears very willing to submit to my Inspection, which gives me hopes that it will turn out satisfactory, but this the Event must determine. I understand from him that the Amphitrite is not yet gone from l’orient, but that she waits only for a Wind, and from what I have yet been able to learn it seems that the want of provision, occasioned by false Calculation and a multiplicity of Passengers, is the principal Cause of her return: whatever other Cause I can find out shall in due time be reported. I understand that Monsr. Coudrais is gone to paris and proposes to go to America in the Mercury, in which Case I shall be glad to be notified, as I shall observe the verbal Instructions of Mr. Deane at parting, which were to suffer no passenger to go in the Ship without a written Direction from you. I am the more particular in this as I apprehend I shall have many applications, and I should be sorry either to refuse those you choose should go, or to permit those you do not, in which I can only be governed by your Instructions.
I have seen Mr. Pennett and Mr. Morris. The former is very civil and attentive to me but I shall keep myself as independant in that Respect as I can.
I understand by Mr. Montardoine and Mr. Schweighaussen that the two last Cargoes of Tobacco were sold from 71 to 76 Livres per hundred wt. and that good Rice would sell for 30 Livres per hundred. I find that I shall be able by means of Mr. Schweighaussen to obtain very particular Information about Mr. Pennett, but in that Information some allowance may be made for a Difference between them, it seems by him that the Cause of this Difference is on account of a Discount which is allowed here for paying ready money, which Mr. S thinks should belong to the Congress but which Mr. P. thinks he has the right to take; it is to this and to the dislike of being too closely examined, that Mr. Schweighaussen attributes Mr. Pennetts Application to Mr. Gruel, instead of himself as he has managed business for the Congress before. But I must gain more information in this particular, before I can venture a decisive Opinion about it.
I find that Mr. Peltrier wishes to keep all his Business as secret as possible for Fear, I suppose of some stoppage if too much noise is made. I shall comply with his desire except to Mr. Montardoine and Mr. Schweighaussen both of whom appear to me good men, and to them I shall conduct without reserve. I have the Honour to be with the greatest Respect Gentlemen Your most obedient and most humble Servant
Jona Williams Junr
The Honourable The Deputies of the United States

Notations: Mr Williams Nantes Jany. 14th. 1777 / Jona. Williams to Deputies U.S. (14 Jany. 1777.)


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jean de Ternant, 15 January 1777
From: Ternant, Jean de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Bordeaux 15 Jr. 1777
I am but just arrived at Bourdeaux after a dangerous Illness and shall have scarce time to buy the goods I Intended to carry with me before our vessel sails. Such a hasty departure makes me doubtful of receiving the letters you promised to send me for North america. However if they could not reach me before I leave this port, Messrs. Pecholier, freres Negotiants; at whose house you will be kind enough to direct them, will forward them to me very carefully by another vessel that will sail some days after ours for the same place (The Cap francois) where I shall spend a month or six weeks and wait for your letters.. . . If I can be of any use to you in any thing whatever, you may depend upon my ardent desire of defending the rights of humanity and supporting with all my might, those who have so generously stood in defence of them.. . . I have a thousand things to say; and some useful plan to propose; but prudence forbids me intering here into any particulars.. . . I must wait for a better opportunity. I wish you success in your Negotiation.. . . The new spanish minister Count florida-Blanca whom I know, and who was formerly a counsellor will undoubtedly serve your cause with an unremitted ardour.I am very respectfully sir, Your most obedient humble servant
Ternant
chez Messrs. Pecholiers freres Negotiants à Bordeaux.

Notation: Ternant Bordx. 15 Jan 77.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Chaumont, 16 January 1777
From: Chaumont
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Passi ce jeudy 16. Jer. 1777.
M. Bernier et gourlade qui vendent avec moy la fregatte que vous avez fait visiter par le Capitaine Lambert Vickes me prient de leur envoyer promptement vostre decision;Ils veulent vendre cette fregatte quatre cents mile livres. Il fait beau tems, venez diner avec nous amenez vos deux confreres et nous concluerons. J’ay l’honneur d’estre avec Respect Monsieur vostre tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur
Leray de Chaumont
M frankelin

Notation: de Chaumont, Passy 16 Janv. 77


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Nicholas Davis, [c. 16 January 1777]
From: Davis, Nicholas
To: Franklin, Benjamin

[c. January 16, 1777]
Mr. Davis’s most respectful Compliments wait on Mr. Franklin begs leave to acquaint him that he is waiting below in the Coffee Room till Mr. Franklin is at leisure when Davis would be glad of the favour of speaking to him.
–– Franklin Esqr.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from [Duportail], 16 January 1777
From: Duportail, Louis Lebègue de Presle
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
versailles le 16 janvier 1777
Comme je ne trouve point à vous proposer d’autres conditions principales de notre arrangement que celles exposées dans ma derniere lettre du 12, je vous seray obligé de les examiner et m’instruire le plustôt possible du party que vous prenèz. J’ai absolument besoin de scavoir à quoy m’en tenir sur tout cela et d’ailleurs, selon ce que vous m’avèz fait l’honneur de me dire, je n’aurois pas plus de temps qu’il ne m’en faudroit pour me preparer au depart. J’ai l’honneur d’etre etc.
a l’hotel du Cheval Rouge Ruë du vieux versailles A versailles.
  Vous pouvèz, monsieur, si vous le preferez m’ecrire en latin

Notation: M. Portail Engineer


Title: The American Commissioners: Receipt for Money from the French Treasury, 17 January 1777
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur
To:

At Paris, this 17th Day of January, 1777.
We the underwritten, Ministers plenipotentiary from the Congress of the United States of America, do hereby acknowledge, that we have received of Mons. Micaut d’Harvelay, Garde du Tresor Royal, the Sum of Five Hundred Thousand Livres, Money of France. Witness our Hands,
B FranklinSilas DeaneArthur Lee


Title: Jonathan Williams, Jr., to the American Commissioners, 17 January 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Gentlemen
Nantes Jan. 17. 1777
The two last days have been employed in going to Painbeuf (about 30 miles hence) examining the Mercury, and returning to Nantes. I have the pleasure to inform you that what I have hitherto seen is very satisfactory, the Mercury appears to be a very good Ship, 7 Years old, burden 300 Tons (Mr. Peltrier thinks 350,) 78 feet Keel, 26 feet Beam, 10 feet in the lower hold under the Beams, and 5 feet 4 Inches betweendecks; she was new sheathed about 6 months ago, and upon that sheathing has another sheathing of Deal to prevent the Worms from penetrating. Her Riggin is in general very good, part of it new, she has 4 Cables each 120 Fathom, 1 of them has never yet been wet, another almost new; the other two about half worn; she has 10 anchors from 12 to 1500 wt. besides a good Hauser and Kedge, two suit of Sails, some of which entirely new; in short I see no cause of Complaint, either of the Ship or the manner in which she is provided. She has accomodation for 4 and can have for 6 passengers in the great Cabin, and places may be made for 10 or 12 more between Decks, but in the latter Case she must have so much less Cargo as these places can be well filled. The number of Passengers should be known as early as possible, that a sufficiency of provision may be provided. Mr. Peltrier promises [me] that he will have rather more than less than 4 more but if I stay here, I shall see this myself. She has at present on board a quantity of Bricks well stowed for Ballast, and 1000 barrells of powder, she is now taking in Cases of Arms and Bales of Blankets &c. All her Cargo is ready. I have examined the Fusils which turn out very much to my satisfaction, but have taken 3 from different Cases and ordered them to [be] pack’d and sent to Paris for your own Inspection. The Bales I have yet opened are only Caps, which appearing well pack’d as to their preservation, but very ill as to [their] Bulk, having two coverings, and a large quantity of straw between, which appears to me useless. The Blankets particularly are pack’d too loosely, according to the english method they would have been squeezed into half the Compass, and the covering of straw would have been saved. I shall examine the Bales of Cloth &c. tomorrow. Mr. Peltrier says that she shall be ready to sail in 8 Days and if nothing unforseen happens I think this very practicable. I should here observe that Mr. Peltrier is the Shipper of the Goods only so knows nothing of the quantity and Quality of the Contents, (except of the Arms). They are sent from Orleans on Account of Mr. Morrice Mercht at Paris, so that Mr. Monthieu must see that the Invoices and necessary papers are sent here in time, if there is no delay in these particulars the ship may be dispatch’d as above.Her Guns are only 3 pounders, she has 14 of them, but I think it would have been better if they were larger. It is reported here that there will be a stoppage at l’orient, I hope it is without Foundation or that the Amphitrite will get away before it comes, she was not sail’d the 15th, but I understand it is only the Wind that detains her, and I hope soon to hear of her Departure.
It may not be amiss to desire Mr. Monthieu to procure some good Charts if they are to be had at Paris least they should be wanted, I have not yet examined the Captains, but I shall enquire about it tomorrow, when I intend to have the pleasure of writing to you again. I have the honor to be Gentlemen Your most obedient Servant
J Williams Junr
The Honorable The Deputies of the United States.

Notation: Jona Williams Nantes Jany 17. 1777


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Chevalier d’Anmours, 17 January 1777
From: Anmours, Charles-François-Adrien Le Paulmier, chevalier d’
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Bordeaux Jnry 17. 1777.
Madam La Marquise de Saineville, has Sent me, inclos’d in one of her letters, another, which at her Recommandation, and that of Mr. l’abbé Raynal, you were So good to write in my favour to Mr. Moris, your friend in Philadelphia.Your Réputation, Sir, makes me acquainted with its Value, and that Value Engages my most Sinceres Sentiments of Gratitude. Accept my thanks for it, and my offers of Service in a Contry where I intend to pass some time; and where I should think my Self exceedingly happy, were it in my power to give you a Proof of the high Sentiments of veneration and Respect with which I am, sir your most humble and most obedient servant
Le Ch[evalie]r d’anmours
Mr. B. franklin in Paris.

Addressed: À Monsieur, / Monsieur Franklin / à Paris.
Notation: D’Anmoeurs


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from [Samuel Wharton], 17 January 1777
From: Wharton, Samuel
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
January 17th 1777
My last was the 14th, since Which I have not been favored with a Line from your Side. Every Day more and more confirms your just Observation, That “implacable Malice and Hatred” would soon (in Case of Separation) take place of mutual affection, and Friendship. In the politest and best Families of this City, and among Even the most gentle, and humane of the fair Sex, So unhappily and effectuely have politicks reversed their Natures, You hear Them rejoice at the Butchery of Americans, and wish the most cruel Punishments exercised On Them, for Alass! They have been taught to consider Us, as a Race of ignorant, ungrateful, brutal Cowards. All Ranks of People joyfully anticipate the Operations of next Campaign. Howe and Carlton, They say, will separate the Colonies inclusive, and southwardly of New York, from those to the Northward of it. These are devoted to Destruction: The united Calamaties of Carnage, and Devastation are to be inflicted on Them; for They alledge, They excited Rebellion in all the Colonies, entertain and promote Anti-Kingly Notions of Government, are of very little Use to the Kingdom, Purchasing scarcely any of its Manufactures, and essentialy interfering with it’s Fisheries and Commerce; And with Respect to the Middle and southern Provinces, It is graciously intended, after a moderate Chastisement, To pardon their Revolt, In Consideration of their being profitable Planters, and large Consumers of British Manufactures. These are the flattering Wishes, and benevolent Intentions of these Islanders. Can Americans forget or forgive Them? No. They will, I trust, disapoint Them, and shew by their Unanimity, Perseverance and Fortitude, That They know the Value of, and will maintain, Their Freedom; and the Independence of their Country.
Yesterday a Committee of West India Merchants, consisting of twenty five, waited upon Lord Sandwich, and desired the Convoy for the West Indies might be postponed for a little While. It was agreed to. The Committee took Occasion to complain to his Lordship of the great Losses, The Merchants had suffered by American Captures, and delivered Him a List of West India Vessels (Only) taken, To the Value, of One Million and Eight hundred thousand pounds, and stated to his Lordship, How very much commercial Credit suffered in Consequence of it.
Do you not imagine, The Capture of Transports, and other Vessels, amount, at least, to half a Million More? People in Office say, That Colonel Faucit has engaged 5000 Wirtemburghers, In Part of the Quota of Troops, To go to America.
A Ship yesterday arrived from Augustine, and brings the dismal News of the Cherokees, and Creeks, at the Instigation of the Governor of East Florida, and Mr. Stewart, The Superintendent of Indian Affairs, having in One Day taken Seven hundred Scalps from the inoffensive, frontier Families of the Carolina’s and Georgia. The inhuman Governor, it is said, was alarmed, and relented, at the Sight of these savage bleeding Trophys, and dispatched Expresses to stop the farther Massacre. But by his Bribes and wicked Misrepresentations, the prowling Murtherers had been stimulated into Action, and their brutal Career would not easily be arrested.Can America Ever be reconciled to the Primary Author of this Tragedy? It is impossible. My Soul detests Him, as a most sanguinry, deceitful and obstinate T-a-t. I was desired by 81 to hint to you, That Government is furnished by the Jew, who lived, (When I was in America) in Peter Evans’s large House in Second Street, opposite to Holt’s the Sadler (DF.) with every Transaction at Philadelphia. He is Permitted to appear as a Friend to the Views of the Congress, in Order to acquire the best Intelligence.If Dr. B. should not have left Paris, When this Letter gets to Hand, He should be very careful of his Papers. He had better return by the Way of Brighthelmstone. It is publickly talkd of, That He is with you. I enclose you an Extract, from Davilla’s History of the Civil Wars in France, to shew, that Ambassadors were Publickly received at the French Court, from the revolted States of the Low Country. My best Respects wait on 57.1 am dear Sir Your most Affectionate Friend.
#
Prices of Stocks this Day
Bank 130 to 137⅞

3 percents consol. at 12⅛
India172¾
Navy  2¼ to ⅜ Discount

  PS. The officer, 236, Whom Dr. B. and I recommended to you about twelve Months ago, is returned from Philadelphia, by the Way of Nants, and I am told, When in Paris, about ten Days ago, waited upon Lord Stormont, and gave a very sad account of the Situation of the People, as to their Union in Philadelphia and other Parts of America, as well as the American Army; In short, He represents, That He was courted by the Congress to accept of being Engineer General to their army and some other high Post. But He told me yesterday, He positively refused all their offers, as He was persuaded, They coud not long maintain their Independence, as their army was badly constituted, both as to officers and Soldiers &c. I perceive He is a disapointed Man, speaks from Resentment, and will endeavour to recommend Himself to administration. I wish Dr. B. may bring an account of his Propositions to the Congress and Conduct at Philadelphia, That so He may be confronted with Them. I send you by the Courier, the Daily papers, from Monday to this Day inclusive. I am dear Sir, yours sincerely
  #

  If Dr. B should have left Paris, before This Letter reaches you, be pleased to let the within Letter be sent to Him in London, by the Courier, and not by the Post.
  #


Title: Lambert Wickes to the American Commissioners, 18 January 1777
From: Wickes, Lambert
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Gentlemen
Nantz January 18th. 1777.
Inclos’d you have a letter and Inventory of the Frigate the Count of Maurepat. It is the same Vessell that I saw at L Oriont and Calld the St. John. I think her Inventory is very short and will want a Large Addition if fitted for a Ship of War. The Defishencys I Hope will be pointed out by Capt. Nicholson When translated into Inglish. I hope Capt. Nicholson will be able to make the Necessary Addition but least he should not be Able to recollect all the Necessary Articles, I shall readily and willingly Give all the Assistance in my Power. I think the Price very high, but submitt that to your Superior Judgment. I shall be very glad to hear from you as soon as Possible. Mr. Gourlade is Desireous of having the Fitting of this Ship and I have promised to Recommend him to your Honours for this Service, as I am perswaded he will do it on as Good if not better terms then any Other person at that port and with more Secrecy. He also mention’d two Officers whom he can Reccommend as proper persons for Officers for said Ship. As to the Officers I Shall Referr him to you for Answer as well as for fitting the Ship out. From Gentlemen Your Most Oblidg’d Humble Servant
Lambt. Wickes

The St. john is 114 feet Keel 36 feet Beam 13 feet Hold 6 Ditto Between Decks. She has only Made one voige and is Now All New Built her Riging Spars Sails Anchors Cables and All other Stores and Materals are All New and of the first Quality. Her guns Appear very Good but ought To be prov’d previous to their being put on bord. This precaution Will be Hily [Highly] Nessesary as the Guns has bin Laying by Some time. If the Inventory is Not At Parris I Will Desire Mr. Gourlade to Send it Immediately or Will Send it my Self if it Comes to my hands.
L. Wickes

The [illegible] Capt Wickes is not Certain about but it is the Ship that is Owend by Messr. Thomaire[?] M[illegible] Gourlade She is now on the Stocks where she was rebuilt and[?] can not be got down the River before next Spring which will be in Febry.

Memo of Ship

Addressed in another hand: To / The Honble. Benjn. Franklin Esqr. / at / Paris
Notations: Capt Weekes Nantes Jany 18 77 / Letter from Capt. Wickes.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Henry Echlin, 18 January 1777
From: Echlin, Henry
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Prison of the Abbaie St. Germain. 18th. Jany: 1777
Tho’ I have not The honour of being personally known to you, I thus venture to address you, not as a Country man, but as a fellow creature, who is reduced by a Captivity of upwards of three years; by Sickness, and Every sort of Evil to the last degree of unhappyness. I am thus compel’d to have Recourse to this most humiliating method of Subsisting. Your Reputation of humanity is as well establised, and does you as much honour, as that of your Extensive Learning, Knowledge and unequalled understanding, and Experience. To whom then can I better address myself In this moment of accumulated ill? In happier days I had occasion to prove myself a Lover of Liberty and an Ennemy to oppression. In my sad situation my way of Thinking is of little Consequence. The unhappy have no freinds. The Bearer will Receive your Commands. I shall always Remain with equal Gratitude and Respect Sir your most obliged obedient servant
Henry Echlin

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Francklin / A: Paris.
Notation: Echelin 18 Jan 77. from Prison


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 18 January 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear and honoured Sir
Nantes Jan. 18. 1777
I have written the inclosed because I feel myself very uneasy least I should be liable to the charge of double dealing but if you do not think a longer silence will be construed to my disadvantage, I confess it appears best that the Letter should not go. You know my only motives, and can best judge of the probability of my return or stay, I therefore beg the favour of you to send it to the post or not as you shall think best. I am your dutifull and affectionate Kinsman
J Williams Junr

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Franklin LLD / a l’Hotel d’Hambourg / Rue Jacob / a / Paris
Notation: J. Williams 18 Jan 77.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to [Juliana Ritchie], 19 January 1777
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Ritchie, Juliana

Madam,
Paris, Jan. 19. 1777.
I am much oblig’d to you for your kind Attention to my Welfare, in the Information you give me. I have no doubt of its being well founded. But as it is impossible to discover in every case the Falsity of pretended Friends who would know our Affairs; and more so to prevent being watch’d by Spies, when interested People may think proper to place them for that purpose; I have long observ’d one Rule which prevents any Inconvenience from such Practices. It is simply this, to be concern’d in no Affairs that I should blush to have made publick; and to do nothing but what Spies may see and welcome. When a Man’s Actions are just and honourable, the more they are known, the more his Reputation is increas’d and establish’d. If I was sure therefore that my Valet de Place was a Spy, as probably he is, I think I should not discharge him for that, if in other Respects I lik’d him.
The various Conjectures you mention concerning my Business here, must have their Course. They amuse those that make them, and some of those that hear them; they do me no harm, and therefore it is not necessary that I should take the least Pains to rectify them. I am glad to learn that you are in a Situation that is agreeable to you, and that Mr. Richie was lately well. My Daughter and her Children were so when I left them, but I have lost my dear Mrs. Franklin now two Years since. I have the Honour to be very respectfully Madam, Your most obedient humble Servant
BF


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from [Duportail], 19 January 1777
From: Duportail, Louis Lebègue de Presle
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
paris le 19 janvier 1777
Faute d’entendre suffisamment l’anglois et plus encore de le lire non imprimé je n’ay pu comprendre la Reponse que vous m’avèz fait l’honneur de m’adresser à versailles. J’esperois trouver icy un de mes amis qui y auroit suppleé mais comme il est absent je suis obligé d’avoir Recours à vous même. Cependant autant que j’ai pu deviner il me semble que vous n’acceptez point mes conditions et que vous dites ne pouvoir me donner le brevet de lieutenant colonel ny de major. Or vous jugèz bien, monsieur, que quand la Cour me donne à moy un grade superieur pour m’engager à passer chèz vous, ce n’est pas apparemment pour que je consente a y servir comme subalterne, et assurement vous ne trouveréz aucun officier du corps du genie et qui y soit sur un bon pied sans les avantages que je demande. Peut estre trouverèz vous des gens qui se diront ingenieurs sans l’etre ou qui n’ayant paru qu’un instant chèz nous n’auront pas eu le temps d’etudier nos places et en avoir tiré les principes de la fortification.
Au reste, monsieur, si j’ai bien compris votre Reponse vous pouvèz vous epargner de me l’écrire. Votre silence la confirmera. Si je vous avois mal entendu, alors ayèz la complaisance de m’en instruire en latin, s’il vous plait, ou en francois. J’ai l’honneur d’etre etc.
  D’icy à un mois mon adresse est à l’hotel de hollande Ruë du bouloy
  Si notre commerce finit icy, je vous prie monsieur de bruler toutes les lettres et ecrits que vous avèz de moy.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to John Hancock, 20 January 1777
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Hancock, John

Dear Sir,
Paris, Jan. 20. 1777
The Bearer Capt. Balm is strongly recommended to me, as a very able Officer of Horse, and capable of being extreamly useful to us, in forming a Body of Men for that Service. As he has otherwise an excellent Character, I take the Liberty of recommending him to my Friends as a Stranger, of Merit, worthy of their Civilities, and to the Congress as an Officer who if employ’d may greatly serve a Cause which he has sincerely at heart. With great Respect I have the Honour to be Sir, Your most obedient humble Servant
B Franklin
Honble John Hancock Esqr

Notation: Jany 20. 1777 Letter from Doctr Franklin to the Presidt. of Congress recommendg. Lt. Col de la Balme


Title: The Duc de La Rochefoucauld to Franklin and Silas Deane, 20 January 1777
From: La Rochefoucauld, Louis-Alexandre, duc de La Roche-Guyon et de
To: Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas

This is the first communication from a man who, with his mother, soon became part of Franklin’s circle, and who corresponded with him intermittently for the rest of the Doctor’s life. Franklin had met the mother, the duchesse d’Enville, on one of his earlier visits to Paris, and the son at a dinner in London in 1769; but the connection seems to have been casual. It was renewed as soon as the American arrived in France. He brought with him, and forwarded to Vergennes in early January, the draft Articles of Confederation. They were promptly translated for publication, probably by La Rochefoucauld himself; and he forwarded the copies mentioned here. Later, as will be seen, he and Franklin collaborated in translating a number of state constitutions.

20th January. [1777].
Le Due de la Rochefoucauld presents his compliments to Mr. franklyn and Mr. dean and has the honour to send them 50. Exemplars of the American Confederation translated: this traduction will be publicated in the Journal Des Affaires de l’Amérique, but these 50. have been separately tied for being offerred to the two honourable Gentlemen.


Title: Dumas to the American Commissioners, 21 January 1777
From: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Dear Sirs,
21e. Janvr 1777
Depuis mes deux Lettres du 22 et 26e. Nov. qui sont, je pense, celles dont Mr. Deane m’accuse la réception dans la sienne du 13e. Dec. J’eus l’honneur de lui en écrire une autre le 17e. du dit Dec. et enfin une dans les derniers jours du même mois de l’année passée, dont j’ai oublié de marquer sur mon memorandum la date précise.
Sans aucune nouvelle de votre part, Messieurs, depuis la susdite du 13e. Dec., je crois ne devoir plus différer de vous faire part de ce qui s’est passé depuis ce temps entre moi et le Commis d’une grande maison commerçante, avec qui j’ai jusqu’ici correspondu pour les affaires dont vous m’aviez chargé en Décembre 1775. Ce Commis, chargé des affaires de la Maison jusqu’à l’arrivée d’un autre Facteur, m’écrivit le 24e. December passé la Lettre suivante, que je reçus à Utrecht, où j’étois pour quelques affaires
“Je vous suis très obligé, Monsieur, de la Lettre que vous avez eu la bonté de me communiquer (c’étoit celle de Mr. D. du 13e. Dec.) Je vous prie de ne point vous lasser de m’honorer de ces marques de confiance. J’ai prévenu, Monsieur, quelqu’un qui vient de m’arriver, que je respecte, et à qui j’ai l’honneur d’être attaché depuis longtemps, que je vous présenterois à lui, et qu’il seroit aussi aise que moi, de profiter de votre connoissance. Je vous prie en conséquence d’arranger un voyage dans quelques jours, et de m’en prévenir.”
Sur une telle Lettre, je laissai tout, je courus à La Haie et lui écrivis, que j’y attendois ses ordres. J’en reçus le billet suivant, daté du Dimanche (29e. Dec.) au soir
“Si vous pouvez me faire l’honneur, Monsieur, de venir me voir demain Lundi à midi et demi, j’aurai celui de vous entretenir de ce qu’il seroit inutile d’anticiper dans cette réponse.”
Je fus donc présenté le lendemain, comme un homme zélé pour nos amis, discret, et plein de bonne volonté, dont on avoit déjà tiré de bonnes lumieres. Mr. le Nouveau Facteur me reçut fort gracieusement, et me dit que je lui ferois plaisir de correspondre avec lui, et de venir le voir de temps en temps, comme j’avois fait à l’égard de Mr. le Commis. Il me demanda, s’il étoit vrai que Mr. Frankl. étoit venu s’établir avec sa famille en France? Je lui répondis, que je ne savois rien de ce que Mr. F. étoit venu faire en F. mais que mon opinion étoit, qu’il y étoit plus pour les affaires de ses amis, que pour les siennes propres. Il me fit quelques questions encore touchant les opérations des Royalistes, auxquelles je répondis comme je pus; on annonça une visite, et je me retirai.
Peu après j’écrivis la Lettre suivante à Mr. le Commis, du 8e. Janvier 1777
“Je reste encore ici jusqu’à Lundi matin. Je suis toujours sans recevoir aucune Lettre de mes amis; et par conséquent hors d’état de rien présenter d’intéressant à Mr. le Facteur. Celle-ci n’est donc que pour vous prier, Monsieur, de vouloir bien me dire comment je dois m’y prendre lorsque j’aurai de quoi; c’est-à-dire, s’il est nécessaire que j’observe le cérémonial en signant mon nom, ou si l’on préferera, comme Vous avez fait, Monsieur, que j’omette cette formalité. Comme elle m’exposoit en cas que quelqu’une de mes Lettres se fût perdue avant de parvenir, j’ai profité avec reconnoissance de cette dispense; mais je n’oserois m’en prévaloir auprès de Mr. le Facteur, sans sa permission.
“A dire vrai, je ne dois pas m’attendre que mes amis m’écrivent rien de leurs affaires actuelles: car ou ils ne devront point le faire; ce qui seroit fort bon: où ils n’auront rien à m’en dire; ce qui seroit mauvais. Je ne vois aucun milieu entre ces deux extrêmités, quant à l’emploi qu’ils pourroient faire de moi ici. P. . . . est à présent le centre de tout ce qui devra éclorre; et je conçois, que le moins qu’il en transpire avant la maturité, ne sera que le mieux.
“Si les affaires de mes amis étoient désespérées, ce qu’à Dieu ne plaise, M. F. feroit fort bien de s’établir avec sa famille en France, et moi aussi, si j’en avois les moyens. Mais, malgré les triomphes apparents des vainqueurs du jour, je suis fort éloigné de croire le respectable Docteur dans la nécessité de revêtir le triste personnage d’exilé en France: au contraire, tout me persuade qu’il y rend les plus grands services à sa patrie.

“Je compte, Monsieur, sur la promesse que vous avez bien voulu me faire, de me prévenir du temps de votre futur départ, afin que je puisse venir vous remercier de toutes vos bontés pour moi comme pour mon Epouse, et recevoir vos bonnes directions sur la meilleure maniere de poursuivre et terminer son affaire en Dauphiné.
“Je présente mes profonds respects à Mr. le Facteur. Soyez bien persuadé, Monsieur, que celui, plein de reconnoissance, que nous avons pour vous mon Epouse et moi, durera autant que nous-mêmes.”
Il me répondit sur le champ ce qui suit,

8e. Janv.
“Je vous suis très obligé, Monsieur, des nouvelles marques de votre souvenir et de vos bontés.
“Je préviendrai la personne considérable, que vous nommez, de la maniere dont vous finirez vos Lettres, et qui pourra être une simple dénomination, telle que Celui qui vous fut présenté dès le commencement de votre arrivée, ou L’habitant de l’Académie de Leyde, ou L’Ami des Col . . .
“Je conçois jusqu’ici le silence de vos liaisons. Peut-être que cela ne durera pas.
“Voulez-vous bien, Monsieur, assurer Madame de mes respects, et de mon zele pour le succés de ses justes prétentions vis-à-vis de Mr. son frere?”
Ces prétentions de mon Epouse, sont une vieille affaire qu’elle a réellement en france, et que j’ai mise en train il y a quelques mois, non seulement pour en tirer quelque parti par la circonstance; mais aussi, et sur-tout, pour me servir de voile aux yeux des curieux indiscrets.
Voila, Messieurs, ce que j’ai cru devoir vous communiquer, non pour que vous entriez là-dessus avec moi dans aucune explication, mais pour que vous en jugiez et profitiez pour vous-mêmes. Je ne reçois plus rien de Londres, quoique j’aie fait sentir suffisamment au correspondant que vous m’aviez donné là, combien ses Lettres m’aident à rendre essentiellement service à nos amis. Mais peut-être vous écrit-il à vousmêmes autant et plus qu’il ne m’en écrivoit ci-devant à moi. En ce cas je suis tout consolé. Mr. Carmichaël ne m’écrit pas non plus. Je ne sai s’il est encore en Allemagne, ou de retour auprès de vous; s’il vit, s’il se porte bien, s’il fait de bonnes affaires, s’il m’aime toujours, je continuerai d’attendre patiemment qu’il se ressouvienne de m’écrire.
Je vous ai prié dans ma derniere, Messieurs, de m’adresser vos Lettres à l’avenir sous couvert de Mr. De Visme Marchand de vin à Leyde. Je vous réitere cette priere, par la raison que j’ai déjà dite. Je ne saurois vous dissimuler, que je languis extrêmement d’avoir de vos Lettres, quand elles ne me diroient rien autre, sinon, que vous aimez toujours, Messieurs, celui qui est avec le respect le plus sincere, et avec l’attachement le plus indépendant de la fortune, Votre très humble et très obéissant serviteur
Dumas
Leide 21e. Janv. 1777.

Notation: Dumas 21. Janry 1777.


Title: Jonathan Williams, Jr., to the American Commissioners, 21 January 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Gentlemen
Nantes Jan. 21. 1777
I have finished my examination of the Mercurys Cargo and have patterns of the several kinds of Goods, which I shall shew you at my return: I have opened in all ten Cases and Bales and find them in good order.
The last Lighter Load of Goods will be ready to go to the ship tomorrow morning, and I hope to include in it all the provisions &c.; by the common Course of things these will be alongside the 23d in the Morning and then I hope we shall not require more than 3 or 4 Days to finish. I mean however in this Calculation to except bad weather and other unforseen events.
The Capt. has luckily procured a Chart of the Coast from Newfdland to N York but we are still in want from thence southward. I shall set down with the Captain this evening to examine this Chart, and conclude measures about apparent orders and other necessary papers for St. Domingo; I fear I shall not be able to get a pilot but I will do my best endeavour.
I hope by return of my Courier to know your Intentions about the passengers Monsr. DuCoudray proposes to send, and I shall take care to observe them strictly. Monsr. Le Chavalier de mauduit de Plessis is just arrived and I shall do all I can to assist him.

I have recvd. twenty Louis d’ors from Mr. Pennet on your account. I have the honor to be Gentlemen Your most obedient and most humble Servant
J Williams
The Honourable The Deputies of the United States.

Notation: Jona Williams Nantes Jany 21. 77


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Barbeu-Dubourg, 21 January 1777
From: Barbeu-Dubourg, Jacques
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dubourg’s inventiveness seems to have been his chief, if not his only, qualification as an entrepreneur. When he learned that the commissioners’ negotiations with the farmers general had broken down on the issue of shipping, he returned to the “grande affaire” that he had mentioned in an earlier letter, that of forming a company to bring the tobacco to France in its own ships; and he soon thought that success was in sight. All that remained, as he saw it, was to enlist Franklin as a member, to add luster to the scheme. He amplified his offer with a memorandum, the document following this one, which outlined the plan in more detail; and he obtained from the farmer general most concerned a letter to testify that Franklin’s dual role would be no hindrance to negotiations with the farm.

Mon cher Maitre,
A Paris ce 21 jr. 1777.
J’allois hier au soir pour vous dire, si je vous avois trouvé seul, que nous etions enfin au moment de la conclusion de la grande affaire de la fourniture des tabacs aux fermiers generaux à ma satisfaction; pour vous en rendre un compte detaillé, vous inviter à acceder à une societé peu nombreuse mais honnéte et solide, et en ce cas vous demander votre heure pour la signer aujourd’huy.
  1°. Nous sommes convenus avec les fermiers generaux que je ne leur demanderai aucunes avances d’argent que je ferai venir à mes frais et risques des tabacs d’Amerique en quantité mediocre d’abord, que je ne continuerai qu’autant que j’y trouverai un benefice honnete, que si je puis le leur fournir a raison de 8 sols la livre, ils le payeront comptant à ce prix, et s’engagent à en prendre jusqu’a 20 mille boucauts sur ce pied, d’icy au 1er. avril 1778. Que s’il me revient à plus cher, je ne serai point obligé de le leur vendre, mais serai libre de le faire passer a l’etranger.
  2°. Nous sommes convenus avec un Banquier de cette ville, et un Commerçant de Dunkerque, de former une societé pour faire ce commerce, et de vous inviter à y acceder.
Cette societé fera un fond de plusieurs millions, pour equiper des navires, et envoyer des marchandises de France au Continent de l’Amerique septentrionale, et rapporter des ports de ce continent en France du tabac pour la provision de la ferme generale, et même pour en reverser dans les autres Etats de l’Europe; independamment des autres denrées et productions des Colonies que l’on pourra en tirer avec profit. Vous contribuerez plus ou moins à la formation de ce fond sans qu’on exige de vous que ce qui pourra vous convenir a cet egard. Et ce que vous en fournirez sera employé soit a acheter, et rassembler dans les ports des Etats unis, les denrées qui devront etre chargées le plus promptement possible sur les vaisseaux appartenants a la Societé soit à faire construire en Amerique quelques vaisseaux pour le compte de la societé.
Chaque Associé se chargera de la gestion des affaires communes de la societé, autant que sa position le comportera, et que cela pourra convenir a son gout et a ses autres affaires. Et chacun prelevera un droit de tant pour cent d’interet pour son administration dans la partie dont il aura eté chargé; et la quotité de ce droit de gestion sera fixée aujourd’huy à l’amiable.
On se rendra mutuellement un compte fidele du tout, et sur le benefice total qui resultera de ce commerce, toutes charges frais et pertes deduites, on prelevera l’interet de l’argent avancé par chacun des Associés, lequel interét est fixé a cinq pour cent par an et le benefice excedent sera partagé en quatre portions egales, une pour chacun des Coassociés. Qu’en dites vous, Monsieur et tres cher Maitre? N’esperez vous pas, comme moi, qu’une societé ainsi formée procurera un debouché des denrées et marchandises des deux nations respectivement avantageux? N’esperez vous pas que chaque associé y trouvera personellement un profit tres honnete, et vraisemblablement même tres considerable? Nous ferez vous l’honneur d’y concourir? Où jugez vous à propos que nous nous assemblions pour cet effet aujourd’huy, et à quelle heure?

Notation: M. Dubourg Tobacco Scheme


Title: [Barbeu-Dubourg]: Memorandum on Tobacco, [21 January? 1777]
From: Barbeu-Dubourg, Jacques
To:

[January 21?, 1777]
Le commerce des tabacs pour la fourniture de la ferme generale offre a la societé qui l’entreprend dans les circonstances presentes la perspective d’un benefice aussi assuré et plus considerable que jamais.
Avant les troubles qui ont divisé les Colonies de leur Metropole, les entrepreneurs de ce commerce achetoient le tabac dans la Virginie et le Mariland à un prix moyen. Ils etoient obligés de relacher, non sans frais, dans les ports de la grande Bretagne. Ils vendoient leurs tabacs rendus en France cinq sols la livre (tout au plus) avec trois mois de credit et ils ne pouvoient remporter que tres peu de marchandises de France au Continent de l’Amerique pour l’usage des Colons.
Depuis la guerre ouverte entre les Etats unis et la grande Bretagne, le tabac est moins cher en Amerique. Les navires qui en sont chargés n’ont plus à se detourner pour toucher a l’Angleterre. Le prix en est arreté entre notre societé et la ferme generale a 8 sols la livre argent comptant (ce qui fait 3 sols par livre de plus qu’avant la guerre) et les memes vaisseaux peuvent porter quantité de marchandises de France en Amerique avec un benefice considerable. Mais voicy le revers de la medaille, la navigation d’un Continent a l’autre est tres perilleuse aujourd’huy. Ainsi il faut considerer si l’on ne peut pas parer à ce danger, et à quoi doivent etre evaluées les precautions necessaires pour s’en garantir? Si elles ne peuvent pas rencherir le tabac de 3 sols par livre, nous avons un gain assuré.

On mandoit de Nantes et de Bourdeaux au mois d’octobre dernier que l’assurance des vaisseaux de France dans les etats unis de l’Amerique, ou des Etats unis en France, pourroit rouler entre 15 et 18 pour cent pendant les mois d’hiver ou les jours sont courts; d’où l’on inferoit qu’elle iroit de 20 à 25 pour cent pendant les mois d’ete ou les jours sont plus longs. Or 25 pour cent d’assurance, ou un quart de la valeur d’une denrée qui ne coûte vraisemblablement pas plus de deux sols, et qui certainement ne coute pas 4 sols la livre dans le pays ne rencherit pas le tabac d’un sol par livre.
Il s’ensuit evidemment de la que le tabac sur lequel on gagnoit honnetement à le vendre 5 sols la livre avant la guerre, pourroit etre vendu avec profit a raison de 6 sols la livre dans la conjoncture presente, et qu’en le vendant 8 sols cela fait deux sols par livre de benefice ulterieur, ou deux millions sur 20,000 boucauts, sans compter le benefice que l’on peut raisonablement se promettre sur les marchandises portées en retour par les mêmes navires, qui s’en retournoient presque a vide auparavant, benefice qui couvre tout au moins l’assurance des navires allants et venants.
Il est vrai que le tabac aujourd’huy à vil prix dans le Continent peut remonter un peu, et approcher d’avantage du prix commun, mais il n’est pas a craindre qu’il monte plus haut qu’avant la guerre. C’est cependant cette unique apprehension qui a intimidé divers speculateurs, et ecarté nos principaux concurrens.
Il est vrai que la guerre peut eclater entre la France et l’Angleterre; ou que les Colonies peuvent rentrer sous la dependance de leur ancienne Metropole, quoique cela ne soit pas vraisemblable. Mais dans l’un comme dans l’autre cas, il dependra entierement de nous de continuer ce meme commerce, ou d’y renoncer, si nous craignons qu’il ne nous devint onereux.
Voila dans quelle position nous implorons les bons offices de Monsieur Franklin, et l’invitons à entrer dans notre Societé, si cela peut lui etre agreable.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Montaudoüin, 21 January 1777
From: Montaudoüin de La Touche, Jean-Gabriel
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Nantes 21 Jer 77
Cette lettre vous sera remise par Mr. de L’Etombe Conseiller au Conseil Superieur du Port au Prince isle St. Domingue. Ce Magistrat recomandable par son honnetete, ses moeurs, et ses lumieres a un grand desir de vous connoître. C’est un desir asses naturel, on aime a rendre hommage a la vertu, et a la science. Il m’a prié, Monsieur, de vous le recommander, et je le fais avec d’autant plus de plaisir qu’il est très bon a connoître. Je suis avec Respect Monsieur vôtre très humble obeissant serviteur
Montaudoüin

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur le Docteur / Benjamin Franklin / deputé des états unis / hotel d’hambourg / ruë Jacob / à Paris
Notation: Montaudoin, Nantes, 21 jan. 77


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from William Strahan, 23 January 1777
From: Strahan, William
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
London January 23. 1777.
I take the Opportunity of our worthy Friend Mr. Strange just to ask you how you do, and to acquaint you that all my Family are in perfect Health, and remember you with great Esteem and Affection, particularly your Wife, who expects, as you are now so near, that you will soon pay her a Visit. Sir John Pringle I see often. He is quite well (want of Sleep only excepted, which is a pretty constant Complaint with him) and is as sincerely attached to you as ever.
This is a Letter of Friendship, not of Politicks, therefore I shall not say a Word on the Subject; but only to express my Wish and Hope that Peace, Unity and Happiness may be quickly restored. I have not heard a Word of or from Mr. W. Hall for almost two Years. I want sadly to know how his Mother and all the Family are in these turbulent Times; but I know not how to learn, unless you can assist me.
I hear that you saw my Colleague Mr. Ch. Fox frequently. You would find one of the cleverest Fellows of his Years you ever knew in your Life. I am, with a lively Remembrance of our old Friendship, Dear Sir Your affectionate humble Servant
Will: Strahan

Addressed: Dr. Franklin / at / Paris / By Favour of / Mr. Strange
Notation: W. Strahan


Title: Jonathan Williams, Jr., to the American Commissioners, 25 January 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Gentlemen
Nantes Jan. 25. 1777.
I am just informed that the amphitrite is at last gone, she sail’d yesterday morning at 7 oClock.

I have recd. Letters from Monsieur Du Coudray of the 22d and 23d Instant, by which I find he has sent me 7 officers and their Baggage; He names 4 for the 3 I agreed to take, and afterward 3 more, two of which he says are more necessary than even the Fusils and powder; all 7 have recd. advances. I have yet accepted but the first four, and I continue firm to my first plan. I shall do so ’till the last minute, when I believe I shall take the whole 7 as they come within Mr. Deane’s exception, and as they are all picked as being the most important; but in this I hold myself reserved, for were I at once to accept these 7 I should have 7 more in half an hour. The above Officers are yet to arrive in a Boat from L’orient, and in all probability they will be at painbeuf to day. I shall go thither tomorrow morning, and if the Vessell is ready and the wind good she shall sail on monday whether these officers are in her or not. In the latter Case I shall have them all upon me, but at all events I shall obey your orders and hope for your approbation and support. I have just parted with an officer whom I have point blank refused, this is the 2d, and before the Day ends I expect to be obliged to treat others in the same manner; I conduct however as civily as the rigour of the Determination will permit, for poor Fellows! I understand they are without the means of procuring even a Dinner. They ask me to certify their presence here, and my refusal, I tell them I shall never deny what is true, but I shall take care how I give certificates.
By some mistake the Letter to Mr. DuCoudray and the Capt. of the amphitrite were left out of Mr. Deane’s Packet, but now the Ship is gone it makes no difference. The Letters to Mr. Conway and Mr. Rogers I have not been able to convey. Mr. Du Coudray mentions to me that I am to go to l’orient to examine 3 Vessells which he mentioned in his memoire to you, if so I beg your particular Instructions, for otherwise I shall set off for Paris after the mercury is gone. I can’t say positively that these officers threaten to complain, but their conversation seems to imply it.
Nothing is more difficult than to procure Charts of our Coast. I am however well supplied except from N York to Georgia, but here I want particular ones; the Captain will I hope arrive at Boston, if not he must do as well as he can with the general Charts (Mercators &c.). I can have here no other Invoices than the numbers of the Bales and what they contain, for as to price &c. we know nothing about it, as I have before observed to you.
I inclose you a protest that Mr. DuCoudray has made against the Captain of the amphitrite. Mr. Beaumarchas’ Secretary announces me an Officer whom he calls a nobleman, and particularly charged [for] the mercury by Mr. Beaumarchais. I shall flatly refuse him. I have the honor to be Gentlemen with great Respect Your most obedient Servant
J Williams
The Honourable The Deputies of the United States.

Notation: J. Williams Jan 25. 1777.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from [Duportail], 25 January 1777
From: Duportail, Louis Lebègue de Presle
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
paris ce 25 janvier 1777
La Cour me permet d’executer mon projet et même en faveur de ce voyage et pour me recompenser d’un grand travail pour le Corps qui vient d’être terminé, elle me donne le tître de lieutenant-colonel du Corps Royal du genie, comme j’auray l’honneur de vous le faire voir par le congé que je dois recevoir sous deux ou trois jours. C’est parce que j’avois lieu d’esperer cette grace que j’avois mis pour premiere condition que le gouvernement americain me donneroit un grade superieur à celuy que j’aurois en france au moment du depart. Ainsi puisque c’est celuy de lieutenant-colonel je demande donc chèz vous le rang de colonel. Comme j’ai obtenu pour mr. de laumoy mon premier compagnon de voyage le tître de major, je demande pour luy chèz vous le grade de lieutenant-colonel et pour mr. de gouvion mon second compagnon le grade de major ayant obtenu icy pour luy la commission de capitaine. Vous trouverèz sur l’etat du Corps ces officers dans les promotions de 1770 et 71. Il ne faut pas croire que ces officiers ne servent que depuis ces dates. Il y a toujours 5 ou six ans d’ecole et d’etudes avant l’epoque de la reception. Souvent même on a servi dans d’autres Corps. Aussi le plus jeune d’eux a plus de trente ans.
Si vous avèz d’ailleurs, messieurs, quelques moyens de vous informer d’eux que ce soit, je vous prie, avec le plus grand secret; car la moindre chose qui perceroit dans le public nous attireroit une defense de poursuivre notre entreprise.
Je vous seray obligé de me mander sur le champs si vous acceptèz mes propositions. Si je reçois votre reponse d’icy a six heures du soir, j’iray ce soir même chèz vous pour prendre des arrangements plus particuliers sur le voyage. Vous voudrèz bien me dire de quoy il faut principalement se munir &c. j’écriray ensuite a nos messieurs de se rendre icy et sous quinze jours au plus nous serons prets.
Si vous me mettèz dans le cas d’avoir l’honneur de vous voir ce soir, je vous prie, Monsieur, de m’en indiquer l’heure précise et de prendre des mesures pour que je n’y trouve aucune personne etrangere et qu’aucune autre ne survienne. Car je ne dois pas estre vu. J’ai l’honneur d’etre
A l’hotel d’hollande Rüe du bouloy


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Comte de Sarsfield, 25 January 1777
From: Sarsfield, Guy-Claude, comte de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
January the 25th 1777
As I never will lose the memory of the honour I had of your acquaintance in london Some years ago, I am not less Confident that you have not quite forgotten it. I hope to be in paris within Some few weeks, and it will make me very happy to be able of assuring you my Self of my attachment and respect. In the mean while I beg leave, Sir, to present you my Brother. He is also my best friend, he wishes very much the honour of being known to you, and will inform me of many particularities relating to you which I desire extremely to find at your Satisfaction. I am with the Greatest regard and attachment Sir your most humble and obedient Servant
Sarsfield

Give me leave, Sir, to present my best Compliments to Mr. Deane.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur franklin / A Paris
Notation: Sarsfiel Jan 25. 77


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 25 January 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear and honored Sir.
Nantes Jan. 25. 1777
I write the inclosed in haste as I have many things to see ready in order that I may get to the Ship tomorrow. I have got a difficult Task to go through but I will acquit myself as well as I can and hope (obeying orders) you will not think my Conduct too rigourous. I am Your dutifull and Affectionate Kinsman
J Williams

I have not time to answer Mr. Alexanders Letter now.
I am treated here with as much Respect as if I were the Nephew of a prince. So much is your name respected that I hear the Ladies of Nantes are about making an addition to their heads in imitation of your Hair Cap, which they intend to call a la Franklin.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Franklin LLD / Hotel de Hambourg / Rue Jacob / a Paris.
Notation: J. Williams 25 Jany. 77.


Title: The American Commissioners to [Montaudoüin], 26 January 1777
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur
To: Montaudoüin de La Touche, Jean-Gabriel

Sir:
Paris, Jany. 26th. 1777
We are very much obligd to you for the information containd in yours of the 21st.
Mr. Williams’s good sense will prevent him from being materially embarrassd by any manouvre employd to make him counteract our Instructions.
We cannot so entirely comprehend the obligation we have to the Mayor and Aldermen of your City, as to know in what terms to return it. As it is probable one of our number will soon be in Nantes, he will be able to thank them in person. In the mean time we beg the favor of you, Sir, to make them our acknowledgements in such manner as you may think becoming. We have the honor to be, with very great esteem, Sir, Your most obedient Servants.

Notation: Supposed to be to M. Montondoin Jan. 26.77.


Title: The American Commissioners to Samuel Nicholson, 26 January 1777
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur
To: Nicholson, Samuel

Sir
Paris Jany. 26th: 1777.
You are directed to proceed to Boulogne, and there purchase, on as good Terms as possible a Cutter suitable for the purpose of being sent to America; on the purchase being made dispatch the Vessel to Havre du Grace to the Care of Monsr: Limozin, and agree in the Bargain to have her delivered at said Port at the risque and expence of the Original Owner, at which stipulate to make the payment; should you miss of one at Boulogne, proceed to Calais, and pursue the same Directions, if you fail there pass to Dover, or Deal, and employ a person there to make the purchase as for Mr. Limozin of Nantes, at whose house the payment shall be made. Your skill in Maritime Affairs will enable you to judge of the Vessel proper for Our purpose, in which We wish you to embark yourself for Havre, and on your Arrival, put the Vessel into the Care of Mr. Limozin to be filled with every thing Necessary for her to proceed the designed Voyage, at the same time directing Mr. Limozin to call her and speak of her as his Own, after which you will instantly set off for this Place to inform Us of your proceedings. Meantime you are on purchasing to write by the first post, not to Us, but to Mr. LeGrand Banquier Rue Mont Mart Vis a Vis St. Joseph a Paris, only saying in a few Words that you have made a purchase, and shall draw on him soon for the Money favor of Mr. Limozin or Words to that Purpose. This Letter will be shewn Us, and We shall regulate Our proceedings Accordingly. Should you be obliged on purchasing to pay at Dover, or Deal, Monsr: LeGrands Letter will give a sufficient Credit for the purpose. And at Calais, or Boulogne, you will address yourself, on the score of advice and assistance in Money Matters, To the persons to whom you will have Letters directed but on No other Account, and avoid hinting your proceedings or views to any one. But should Capt. Hynsen arrive from London and join you let him go in the Vessel you purchase, to Havre and there wait Our further Orders. Should he arrive and no Vessel be purchased, in such Case procure him a passage to Havre, and Direct him to apply to Mr. Limozin for Our Directions. In the whole, we have to wish you to Make the Utmost Dispatch, and to conduct with the utmost secrecy and the Œcconomy consistent with hastening as fast as possible the Object in View.
Capt. Nicholson

Notation: Instructions to Capt Nicholson


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Mary Hewson, 26[–27] January 1777
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Hewson, Mary (Polly) Stevenson

Dear Polley
Paris, Jan. 26[–27]. 1777
I wrote a few Lines to you by Dr. B. and have since seen your Letter to Jona. by which I have the great Pleasure of learning that you and yours were well on the 17th.
What is become of my and your dear Dolly? Have you parted? for you mention nothing of her. I know your Friendship continues; but perhaps she is with one of her Brothers. How do they all do?
I have not yet receiv’d a Line from my dear old Friend your Mother. Pray tell me where she is, and how it is with her. Jonathan, who is now at Nantes, told me that she had a Lodging in Northumberland Court. I doubt her being comfortably accommodated there.
Is Miss Barwell a little more at rest; or as busy as ever? Is she well? And how fares it with our good Friends of the Henckel Family?
But principally I want to know how it is with you. I hear you have not yet quite settled with those People. I hope, however, that you have a sufficient Income, and live at your Ease; and that your Money is safe out of the Funds. Does my Godson remember anything of his Doctor Papa? I suppose not. Kiss the dear little Fellow for me, not forgetting the others. I long to see them and you.
What became of the Lottery Tickit I left with your good Mother, which was to produce the Diamond Earings for you? Did you get them? If not, Fortune has wrong’d you! For you ought to have had them. I am, my dear Friend, ever yours, with sincere Esteem and Affection.
If you write to me, direct for me thus A Monsr. Monsieur François, chez M. de Chaumont à Passy, près de Paris.

P.S. 27th Jany. They tell me that in writing to a Lady from Paris, one should always say something about the Fashions. Temple observes them more than I do. He took Notice that at the Ball in Nantes, there were no Heads less than 5, and a few were 7 Lengths of the Face, above the Top of the Forehead. You know that those who have practis’d Drawing, as he has, attend more to Proportions, than People in common do. Yesterday we din’d at the Duke de Rochefocault’s, where there were three Dutchesses and a Countess, and no Head higher than a Face and a half. So it seems the farther from Court the more extravagant the Mode.

Notation: Paris Jan 26. 77


Title: La Rochefoucauld to Franklin and Silas Deane, [26 January? 1777]
From: La Rochefoucauld, Louis-Alexandre, duc de La Roche-Guyon et de
To: Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas

[January 26?, 1777]
Le Duc de la Rochefoucauld has the honour to send to Dr. franklyn and to Mr. Deane this letter which he has received few minutes after the two Gentlemen have been out of his house, and to make to them his sincere compliments on the departure of the Amphitrite: he begs them be so good to send back to him the letter after reading it.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Pierre Duffy, 26 January 1777: résumé
From: Duffy, Pierre
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<St. Malo, January 26, 1777, in English: The writer, an Irishman and Recollect friar, addresses his letter to Franklin as “Irish Gentle-Man” and informs him that he has a needy relative named Geene, Ginny, or Jeanne Franklin, the widow of “your Brother Robin Francklin” of Limerick. The letter is endorsed, apparently by Temple, “Jane Franklin pretended.”>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from [Duportail], 26 January 1777
From: Duportail, Louis Lebègue de Presle
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
paris le 26 janvier 1777
Je m’en vais quelques jours chèz moy à vingt lieües de paris disposer tout pour mon depart: ainsi passé midy demain, si vous avèz quelque chose à me faire scavoir ecrivèz moy, s’il vous plait, à l’adresse que vous trouverèz au bas de cette lettre.
J’ai reçu ce matin nos permissions du Roy et je vous les montreray pour que vous voyèz par vos yeux et puissièz certifier la verité des tîtres que nous prenons. Je vous prie même, si vous vous occupèz a dresser nos conventions, de faire mention de notre qualité icy parce que cela justifiera d’autant la concession que vous nous ferèz au nom de votre gouvernement, des grades convenus.
Je vais tout disposer pour estre pret à partir sous quinze jours au plus. J’ai l’honneur d’etre etc.
a pithiviers en gatinois
Dès que mr. de gouvion sera à paris il vous ira voir.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Joseph Priestley, 27 January 1777
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Priestley, Joseph

Dear Sir,
Paris, Jan. 27. 1777
I received your very kind Letter of Feby. last, sometime in September. Major Carleton, who was so kind as to forward it to me had not an Opportunity of doing it sooner. I rejoice to hear of your continual Progress in those useful Discoveries. I find that you have set all the Philosophers of Europe at Work upon Fix’d Air; and it is with great Pleasure I observe how high you stand in their Opinion; for I enjoy my Friend’s Fame as my own.
The Hint you gave me, jocularly, that you did not quite despair of the Philosopher’s Stone, draws from me a Request, that when you have found it you will take care to lose it again; for I believe in my conscience that Mankind are wicked enough to continue slaughtring one another as long as they can find Money to pay the Butchers. But of all the Wars in my time, this on the part of England appears to me the wickedest; having no Cause but Malice against Liberty, and the Jealousy of Commerce. And I think the Crime seems likely to meet with its proper Punishment, a total Loss of her own Liberty and the Destruction of her own Commerce.
I suppose you would like to know something of the State of Affairs in America. In all Probability we shall be much stronger the next Campaign than we were in the last; better arm’d; better disciplin’d, and with more Ammunition. When I was at the Camp before Boston, the Army had not 5 Rounds of Powder a Man. This was kept a Secret even from our People. The World wonder’d that we so seldom fir’d a Cannon. We could not afford it. But we now make Powder in Plenty.
To me it seems, as it has always done, that this War must end in our favour, and in the Ruin of Britain, if she does not speedily put an end to it. An English Gentleman here the other day in Company with some French, remark’d, that it was Folly in France not to make War immediately: And in England, reply’d one of them, not to make Peace.
Don’t believe the Reports you hear of our internal Divisions. We are I believe as much united as any People ever were, and as firmly. There [remainder missing.]

Notation by the copyist: Dr. Priestly Extr.


Title: Jonathan Williams, Jr., to the American Commissioners, 27 January 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Gentlemen
Painbeuf Jan. 27. 1777
I was astonished on saturday Evening to find that Mr. DuCoudray had returned to Nantes. As we were late for the Tide (the loss of which would have been the loss of a day) I came away without seeing him: Mr. Peltier tells me he has positive orders from Mr. Demontieu (which are given with your approbation) that if Mr. Du Coudray should come to Nantes to refuse him a passage. I have no contrary orders, so in this I must acquiese, especially, as whether I will or no he (Mr. P) will refuse him.
Last Evening Mr. DuCoudray arrived here and shew me the Kings sign manual ordering him to his Regiment. This he says is the Reason of his not going in the amphitrite which sailed as I have before mentioned and he now demands a passage in the Mercury. I told him that there were orders forbidding it, without saying from whom they came. He desired I would sign a Refusal in form. I told him I would sign nothing, especially as it was Mr. Peltier not me that refused him. He said he would have nothing to do with Mr. Peltier and would protest against me. I told him he may do as he pleased, and so it rests. Here is also the Chevalier de Borre, who shews me his Engagement with Mr. Deane and seems to be in dispair at his Situation: He was on board the amphitrite but Mr. DuCoudray obliged him to disembark, as he says. In this Situation are 11 officers, each claiming a Right and pretending that his Engagements are more valid and of more Consequence than all the others. I therefore think that I should do well to refuse all, and there appears such an Idea of Authority among them, that I believe this refusal would be for the good of the service; but the utmost that can be done, is to take 4 according to my first plan, and to avoid preferences to take them by Lot.
The Ship is as full as she can be cramm’d and yet there are 40 Bales which will be left, notwithstanding this these people expect passages with their Domestiques and Baggage: Mr. DuCoudray alone has 15 Trunks.
I write on board where I am obliged to keep myself ’till the Ship gets under sail, which I hope will be this Evening.
Mr. DuCoudray sent on Board a Letter to Mr. Peltier charging him according to his Duty as Garde d’artillerie to come before his superiour officer (Mr. DC) before noon. The Stile and intent of this is to me unintelligible. As Mr. Rogers was going back I told him he might tell the Officers that I would take 4 and no more, who these 4 are to be they may determine among themselves, and as to Mr. D Coudray I could only refer him to Mr. Peltier who says with regard to that particular he is not at present under my orders. I therefore do not refuse him, but if he were to come on board the Captain would refuse him admittance.
I am in a very disagreeable Situation having only my own discretion for my Guide. I hope however you will not condemn my Conduct if it should not turn out to your wish when you consider that my aim is to give satisfaction as far as my abilities will allow. I have the honor to be Gentlemen Your most obedient Servant
J Williams Junr
The Honourable The Deputies of the United States.

Notation: J. Williams 27 Jan. 77.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Paulze, 27 January 1777
From: Paulze, Jacques
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Paris le 27. Janvier 1777.
M. Paulze fait mille complimens à M. Le Docteur franklin, il a l’honneur de le prevenir que la Biblioteque du Roy lui sera ouverte Jeudi prochain 30. depuis onze heures jusques à deux, que MM. les Bibliotequaires s’empresseront de l’y recevoir et lui montrer tout ce qu’il est de rare. Il est à propos que M. franklin et sa compagnie se trouvent a onze heures precises à la Biblioteque.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Benjamin Vaughan, 27 January 1777
From: Vaughan, Benjamin
To: Franklin, Benjamin

My dearest sir,
Essex, January 27h: 1777.
Having a convenient opportunity I have sent you the publications you desired. The maps I hope you will do me the favor to accept of.
Upon a reconsideration of the matter I shall cancel the whole impression of your political works, and wait for the additional pieces. I shall then have it my power to give a new arrangement, with a total omission of all notes, excepting such as mark the periods of publication and the like. To this I conceive you will have as little objection as myself. But you will please to recollect, that I have not yet got your remarks upon paper currency. And might not the American edition of Mr. Galloway’s speech accompany the dialogue on slavery &c.? But I am still at a loss where to procure the paper about the twelve points of a senator.
The letter to Mr. C: was safely delivered, and the forty guineas paid into his hands in the name of Mr. Jonathan Williams Junr.: for which I have one of the tellers’ receipt.
All letters to this country are opened, and I suppose they are also opened from this country. While I write nothing treasonable against the minister, I have no fear of proclaiming to the world how much I am your respectful, grateful and affectionate
Benjn: Vaughan

P.S. We expect Dr: Price’s pamphlet out soon, and I believe it may contain some extracts from a paper supposed to have been drawn up by you in Congress, June, 177[5]

List of books sent.

Remembrancer from the beginningParliamentary Register from DittoSmith’s Wealth of NationsPhilosophical TransactionsPamphlet about Gen: WashingtonMr. Radcliffe’s sermon on the fast.

Maps.
{
Holland and Pownall’s Map of New YorkMontresor’s DittoMap of the lakes

Addressed: Dr: Franklin, / Hotel d’Hambourg, / Paris.
Notations: Mr. Vaughan / Vaugan Bn. January 27. 1777.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 27 January 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear and honored Sir,
Painbeuf Jan. 27. 1777.
The inclosed will inform you how matters are here. I feel myself uneasy least my Conduct should not be approved yet I think it is precisely according to orders. You will perhaps have representations from these officers to my prejudice as the part I act cannot but be offensive to them all, but however I may succeed I depend that you will believe my motive and not allow any Report from them to injure me in your Esteem. I am 30 miles from Nantes so have no body to advise me, but I shall continue firm to my first plan. I am in haste your dutifull Nephew
J Williams

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Franklin LLD / Hotel de Hambourg / Rue Jacob / a Paris.
Notation: J. Williams 27 Jany 77.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to [Dumas], 28 January 1777
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric

Paris, Jan. 28. 1777
My dear Friend may be assured that the Omission of writing to him for so long a time either by Mr. D. or myself, was not in the least owing to any Want of Respect or Change of Sentiment towards him; but merely from the extreme Hurry we have been engag’d in ever since my Arrival, which has prevented our Writing to many other of our Correspondents. I now enclose several Letters, One of which was wrote by me when in Philada. and sent viâ Martinique. Mr. Deane has but this Day receiv’d it. Another that I wrote soon after my Arrival, which had been mislaid.

I hope you and yours are in good Health and good Spirits, as we are, not doubting of the Success of our Affairs with God’s Blessing. We have nothing to complain of here.
I have taken a Lodging at Passy, where I shall be in a few Days; and hope there to find a little Leisure, free from the perpetual Interruption I suffer here by the Crowds continually coming in, some offering Goods, others solliciting for Offices in our Army, &c. &c.. I shall then be able to write you fully.
Be of good chear, and don’t believe half of what you read in the English Gazette. With great Esteem, I am ever Your most obedient Servant
BF

Notation: Frank lin


Title: Franklin and Chaumont: Agreement about Board at Passy, [c. 28 January 1777]
From: Franklin, Benjamin,Chaumont
To:

On January 28 Franklin intended, as he mentions in the preceding letter, to move to Passy within a few days. He was following his younger grandson, who at Chaumont’s instigation had been put in boarding school there. In fact the old man waited, for reasons we do not know, until the end of February, and this agreement on board might have been reached at any time in the intervening month; we assign it to the earliest plausible date.
Chaumont had had for some time the idea of bringing the commissioners under his roof. He had originally bought the Hôtel de Valentinois, he later wrote Vergennes, “pour y Loger gratuitement les ministres plenipotentiares du Congrès, et les preserver des Embuscades qu’on leur auroit tendues a Paris.” This was certainly stretching a point, for the previous August, when he made the purchase, there were no ministers; Deane was the nearest approach to one, and he stayed in Paris. But, once the commission began to operate, the country estate may well have assumed new importance to its owner and to Vergennes. Chaumont was in touch with Franklin from the start and soon became, the British believed, the Minister’s principal means of communicating with the Americans. Moving them to Passy had obvious advantages from the viewpoint of the court: they would be less conspicuous and better insulated from the gossip-mill of the city than they were in the Hôtel d’Hambourg; their host could discreetly keep them in touch with the government’s real position, as distinct from its ostensible one, and as discreetly watch over their comings and goings, their mail and their visitors. These considerations may or may not have been back of Chaumont’s invitation. All we know is that Franklin acted on it in February, and that Deane followed in the summer; only Lee remained aloof.
The agreement says nothing about rent, because Chaumont was charging none, on the understanding that Congress would compensate him with a land grant at the end of the war. The arrangements about board, if they ever went into effect, were of short duration. At some time between February 26 and 28 Franklin and his party arrived at the Hôtel de Valentinois. On March 2 his major-domo began to lay in large supplies of food: meat, vegetables, fruit, wine, bread “pour les maitres” and “pour les gens.” A great deal of equipment was also required, not only such obvious items as candles and shoebrushes and wax, but also a coffee mill, a “Diable” for roasting the coffee, a sugargrater, a feather duster for Franklin’s desk, and even “quatre ballets [balais] pour les pots de chambre.” The new menage had many needs. It also had a setting of great charm. The Americans were housed in one of the garden pavilions of the Hôtel, which stood on a high bluff. Outside were terraces and gardens leading down to the Seine, woods to walk in, and a view of Paris in the distance.

  [c. January 28, 1777]
  Conventions.

1°. M. Franklin, et M. son petit fils payeront chacun la somme de six francs pour chaque Diner qu’ils feront ensemble ou separément chez M. De Chaumont. Ce qui fera, en supposant qu’ils y dinent tous les Jours, 4380 l.t. par An.
2 Ils ne payeront ces 6 francs par Diné, qu’autant qu’ils y dinent, comme de raison.
3 M. F. payera egalement Six livres, pour chaque Ami qu’il pouroit ameneroit [sic] diner chez M. De Chaumont.
4 Quand M. Franklin aura du Monde, et qu’il voudra faire Table a part, Il payera en entier le montant du Diner, qu’il lui aura été pourvu par Mlle. de Chaumont.
5 M. Franklin fournira le vin et autres Liqueurs, aux Diners qui se feront a part chez lui, et M. De Chaumont fournira les memes pour ceux qui se feront chez lui.