Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Schweighauser, 5 April 1779
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Schweighauser, Jean-Daniel

Sir
Passy April 5 1779
I have before me your favour of March 20 & one of a Post preceding without date.
Your Orders to Capt. Landais to finish his Refitt at Brest were good, if he could obtain Permission & Conveniencies there: But I have understood that it could not be, and he writes me of the 28 past, that he proposes sailing for Nantes in 8 Days. I approve much of the Orders you have given to observe Œconomy in that Business. For tho’ Capt. Landais may be very prudent, some of the others have been so extravagant in their Demands & Expences, that in general we cannot be too much on our Guard.
The Papers relating to the Prize at Morlaix were but a few Days since put into my Hands. I have looked them over carefully except some Swedish Letters which I cannot read, and as far as appears to me in those Papers, the Vessel belongs to Swedish & the Cargo to Tuscan Subjects, with which Nations we have no War. I send the Papers by this Post to you & desire you to get a Person who understands Swedish to peruse those Letters, & to communicate the whole to Mr. Adams, if at Nantes, for his Advice. If no foundation appears for detaining her, the sooner she is discharged the better, as the Damages (which you are requested to settle in the most equitable Manner) will be the Less.

The Gun Stocks which Mr. Williams contracted for when he had the Management of the Magazine of Arms, ought undoubtedly to be received, & not left upon his Hands. But I doubt whether it is worth while to send them to America, as the freight will be considerable for the Value. Perhaps it will be better to dispose of them where they are.
I hope the Alliance will not be long in finishing her Refit at Nantes. In that Case, it would be best to detain the Morris that she may go under Convoy. I wish to know what her lading will be; I suppose it is on Account of the Congress.
I observe you have drawn on me for ten thousand Livres, which draft I shall accept.
Madame Gerard is desirous of knowing whether the little Picture, of which we formerly wrote to you is likely to be recovered from Guernesey. Please to inform me. I have the Honor to be Sir &c
Mr. Schweighauser


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Wanklyn, 6 April 1779
From: Wanklyn, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Most excellent and honnourd sire
Pariss aprill 6th 1779
These presents humbley make known to you the distressing Case of your pettitioner who is a dissenting minister (a native of america) who left that country in a very early period of life when his parents went to England with the Rev. Mr Whitefield. I have for four years past been imploy.d in that important work dureing which time I have suffered the sharpest persecution any man could in a professed christian land but that which is the cause of my adressing your excellance this day was my publishing a pamflet reflecting on the Conduct of the English ministry respecting america—and a letter against a clergyman—whom I heard deny the divinity of christ in the pulpit—for which I was brought before a Justice of the peace—in whose power it was not to hurt me—this together with my often defending the cause of my native land in the pulpit Caused the officers of the parrish malliciously to get me impressd into the English service—who cunningly sent for me at midnight to pray with a person said to be sick at which place a gang was ready to take me on bord a tender where I lay three days and nights denied the use of pen ink and paper—but severall of the impress.d men resolveing to attempt an escape—I escaped with them in which scermish the lieutennant was killd— I fled to Holland—where I was oblidged to sell my watch and ring to pay my passage—and by the aseistance of the humane—I have with much fategue arived at pariss—and am now destitute of the least necessary or farthing in my pocket— my intent is to return to america if it be your excellencies pleasure to afford me a little aid and direction—Resolveing if I can be usefull there in no other character—to serve my country in the field— But hope—if once I was the other side the atlantic to fill up my ministeriall character in peace and comfort. I hope therefore—it may be consistant with your excellencies pleasure to Consider my miserable case—being in a strange land—destitute of money or ability to speak the languadge I am dear sir at the feet of your Mercy hopeing to have Cause to adore the providence of god in influenceing a father of my country to help a child in great need who is sincearly your Excellencies Most Humble servant
J. Wanklyn

N.B If requested am ready and willing to swear alegeance to the Congress
Pleas to Present this to His Excellence

Notation: John Wanklin Ap 6. 79—


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from David Wilkin, 6 April 1779
From: Wilkin, David
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
Rochel Prison Aprul 6th 1779
I should bee for Ever obleaged to you if your oner woold Clear me of imprisonment & Drect me to Philadelphia as i have wife & fameley there & at this time i was Going Pashinger on board of the Ship when takin by the barren moumrancy of Rochel bound for nueyork to Get to my famley as they was no orther way for me to Get there from ingland I acted on board as mate for my Pasige i have often times been in the Capesity of master in Philadelphia but at this time Glad to Git home in aney Stachon in hopes your oner will bee Good in Louking in this to Releave me of Imprizonment & Drect me in the way for Philadelphia to my wife & famley in i Should for iver Give you Praise my abestence from there was ocashned by Mr Stocker & warten & Co in Ship of theres the first of the Disturbance She was made an Inglish Propertey Stocker Died & the Ship Sould & i was then taken Pashenger for amireca Bound for nueyork in hopes to Get to Philadelphia as that is my home for twenty years Past there is one Sailer Philadelphia Boarn Pashenger in Prison woold be Glad of the Same Releaf thomas Campbel the Ship taken in fanny Capt Long from London So Long abstent Gives Greet uneasnes & I had no other way to Get home than Going for nueyork & then to Desert over Land to Philadelphia Sir & my famley Should for Ever Regoice at your Percuiring me a Voige there as it has Cost me much trobel Steding to Get there & now Brought to Prison is warce than I Expected. I am a well wisher to my Contrey & thinks Very hard of my Confinement if your oner woold be Good nof to ancer this I Should be for I am as Ever obliaged to you I am Very well youesed as a Prisner at Prisent but not Satisfied abestent from my famley in Philadelphia
Sir Your most Hum Serv
David Wilkin

Addressed: To / Mr Dr Franklin Adgent / for Amirica / in Parris


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Anna Maria Shipley, 7 April 1779
From: Shipley, Anna Maria
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
Wimbledon Park April 7 1779
I cannot resist the inclination I have to assure you how interest’d we alwaies must feel about a friend whom we have so much loved & esteem’d & whom we now so much admire— It gave us great uneasiness to hear you had the Gout but we hope it will secure you a long long series of health hereafter.
The Genel: Verdiery who breakfast’d with us this Morng. told me he could deliver a letter to you in a few days— it was a temptation I could not resist & I had the less scruple in writing as we please ourselves in thinking you will not be sorry to hear of a family you have so often made happy by yr friendship—had my Sister Georgiana been here I should not have been alow’d this indulgence— I am sorry to say she is confine’d in Town with an Inflamation in her Eyes my Mother is with her, & well so is my Father who is here with us Lord Spencer is so good to lend us Wimbledon for the holidays he is in Northamptonshire or I am sure would desire me to express his esteem & regard for you.
AMS

Addressed: Benjn Franklin Esqre
Endorsed: Anna Maria Shipley
Notation: M Digges / D


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Mathieu Tillet, 7 April 1779
From: Tillet, Mathieu
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur et Illustre Confrere
A Paris le 7 avril 1779.
M Amelot qui est cette année President de l’Academie des sçiences, vient de m’ecrire qu’il entendroit avec plaisir lundy prochain chez luy après diné les memoires qui sont destinés pour l’assemblée publique du 14 de ce mois. Ayant appris que vous vous proposiez de lire un de ces memoires il m’a chargé de vous inviter à diner chez luy ce meme Jour lundy, où nous aurons le plaisir de vous entendre, en attendant celuy que nous partagerons avec le public: Je suis charmé d’avoir trouvé cette occasion de vous renouveller les sentimens d’estime et d’attachement avec lesquels J’ay l’honneur d’etre Monsieur et Illustre Confrere Votre trés humble et trés obeissant serviteur
Tillet

Notation: Tillet 7. avril 1779


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Samuel Wharton, [on or after 7 April 1779]
From: Wharton, Samuel
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Hotel de Rome Wednesday afternoon [on or after April 7, 1779]
Mr Wharton presents his Respects to his Exellency Mr. Franklin, & sends Him the News paper, and a correct List of all the regular Forces in Ireland. The letter He has just received from a Friend; Who has the best Opportunity of officialy, acquiring a State of the Army. Mr. Wharton did not receive A News paper by the last post.

Addressed: A’ Son Excellence / Monsieur / Monsieur Franklin / &c &c &c / Passy


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Brault and Demezandré, 8 April 1779
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Brault and Demezandré

Gentlemen
Passy April 8 1779
I received the Letter you did me the Honor to write to me of the 1st. inst. I am sorry for the Disappointments you have met with in your Commerce with America, and hope you will have better Success hereafter. In answer to your Request of a Passage for your selves and Goods in the Alliance, I can only say that no Goods can be taken upon Freight in our Ships of War, the little Room that is left after the Provisions and Water for such a Number of Men are stowed, being all wanted for the Arms, Ammunition & Clothing necessary for our Troops.— As to your Passage, if the Captain can accommodate you and you can agree with him about it, I shall make no Objection to it; tho’ in general the taking of Passengers in our Ships has been found very inconvenient: But I can give no Orders about it, not knowing whether it is practicable to receive you, of which the Capt. himself is the best judge. I have the honor to be &c
Messieurs de Mezandré et Brault at Malo.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Schweighauser, 8 April 1779
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Schweighauser, Jean-Daniel

Sir
Passy, Apr. 8 1779
I have before me your favour of the 3d. inst. I am glad to hear of the Arrival of the Prisoners, & doubt not of your finishing the Exchange as soon as possible. You will, no doubt, answer the Letter of the Commrs. in acquainting them as they desired with the Particulars of the Treatment the English Prisoners have received here. I will endeavour to send you by next Post, what Accounts we have received of the Numbers of Prisoners in the different Ports. If any such Request as you mention, relative to Refreshments, shou’d be made by the Capt. of the Cartelship, you will consult with Mr. Adams if present and follow his Advice, if not, use your own Judgment. I shall not object to what you may think reasonable.
Please to furnish Mr. Adams with what Seastores he may require for himself & son: and charge them in your Acct: and I desire that in supplying the Officers & People of the Alliance, & the Prisoners arrived with Cloaths, Money, or Necessaries of any kind, you would follow his Advice, taking the same in Writing. I have the Honor to be &c
Mr. Schweighauser


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Jonathan Williams, Jr., 8 April 1779
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Williams, Jonathan Jr.

Dear Jonathan
Passy April 8 1779
Too much Business, too much Interruption by friendly Visits, & a little Remaining Indisposition, have occasioned the Delay in answering your late Letters.
You desire a Line “relative to the Complexion of Affairs.” If you mean our Affair at this Court, they wear as good a Complexion as ever they did.
I know not what to advise concerning Mr. Monthieu’s Proposition. Follow your own Judgement. If you doubt, set down all the Reasons, pro & con, in opposite Columns on a Sheet of Paper, and when you have considered them two or three Days, perform an Operation similar to that in some questions of Algebra; observe what Reasons or Motives in each Column are equal in weight, one to one, one to two, two to three or the like; and when you have struck out from both Sides all the Equalities, you will see in which Column, remains the Ballance. It is for want of having all the Motives for & against an important Action present in or before the Mind at the same Time, that People hesitate and change their Determinations backwards & forwards Day after Day, as different Sets of Reasons are recollected or forgot; and if they conclude & act upon the last set, it is perhaps not because those were the best, but because they happened to be present in the Mind, & the better absent.— This kind of Moral Algebra I have often practiced in important & dubious Concerns; and tho’ it cannot be mathematically exact, I have found it extreamly useful.— By the Way, if you do not learn it, I apprehend you will never be married.
There is in one Acct. of the Copper, an Article, des Mines de St: bell 63400. I suppose it was the Word mines & not Rosette, that was translated Ore.
Let me know if you can, what Answer the Gentleman receives from London, on his Enquiries concerning a supposed Letter.
I send you herewith the Paper you desire respecting the Settlement of your Accts. I send also an attested Copy of Mr. Lee’s Reasons for not passing them. In answer to my Letter requesting him to furnish the Gentlemen who are to examine them, with such further Objections as he may have against them, he writes me that “I must excuse him now that it is no longer his indispensable Duty, from concerning himself with a Business which is in much abler Hands: If Congress, he adds, should call upon me for farther Reasons than those that I have already given, it will then be my Duty to act and I will obey.” I cannot conceive his Reason for not giving his farther Reasons, (if he has any) on the present Occasion, when they would be so proper: But he refuses, & I cannot compel him.
I shall file the Letters & Papers you sent me with your Accounts. I have received back those you inclosed in yours of March 27 relating to Mr. Monthieu’s Contract.— I have received also Mess. Horneca & Fizeaux’s Invoice, and will return it by next Post with the Order you desire.
I have no Objection to your mentioning the Fact relative to the Censure of Mr. Monthieu’s Accts. I am ever your affectionate Uncle
B Franklin
Jonath. Williams


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Antoine-Jean Amelot de Chaillou, 8 April 1779
From: Amelot de Chaillou, Antoine-Jean
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Vlles. le 8 avril 1779
J’apprens à l’instant, Monsieur, que vous vous proposèz de lire un mémoire à la Seance publique de l’academie des sciences qui se tiendra le 14 de ce mois. J’ai l’honneur de vous prévenir que ceux de MM. de l’academie des sciences qui ont des mémoires pour la même séance doivent se réunir chèz moi à Paris le Lundi 12, me faire l’honneur d’y diner, et y faire lecture de leurs mèmoires en présence de MM. les officiers de l’academie. Je serai très flatè que vous veuilliez bien me faire le même honneur, et que cette occasion me procure celle de vous recevoir chèz moi.
J’ai l’honneur d’être avec un sincere attachement, Monsieur, Votre très humble et très obeissant serviteur
Amelot
M. francklin

Endorsed: M Amelot


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 8 April 1779
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Nantes April 8. 1779.
When I transmitted my last account to the Commissioners I made a memorandum at the Foot showing that when all the demands were paid the Balance would be in my favour. I now enclose the account as it now stands only £2979.19.9. and the Deans anchors, yet unpaid for which Mr. Gourlade this day demands of me amount to £6350..13.—
Being under a Cruel accusation & my accounts under order to be examined, I ought not to pay any thing ‘till they are settled & I can obtain a Receipt in full & this I am ready to do at Sight. But M Gourlades demand must be answered and if you desire it I will pay the Balance in my hands toward it, or if you will accept my draft for the Balance which will be due to me after paying M Gourlades demand, I will settle it that way. In Short I will act as you direct which I am Sure will be just & right. I beg your answer for my Government & am with greatest respect

P.S. I also enclose a Copy of Mr. Gourlades account of the anchors: if you will please to look the Deans account you will find that they have not yet been paid for.
Hon: Doctor Franklin, Passy


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jacques Barbeu-Dubourg, 9 April 1779
From: Barbeu-Dubourg, Jacques
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Paris, 9 avril 1779
Vous vous rappellez surement, Mon cher Maitre, les belles experiences de Physique et de Chymie que vous avez vu faire a M Brongniard, sa dexterité à operer, sa netteté a exposer, sa sagesse a expliquer ce qui peut l’etre et a rejetter les vaines hypotheses auxquelles on a attaché tant d’importance. Si vous en avez eté aussi satisfait que vous me le parutes dans le tems, il se presente une occasion de lui rendre service en concourant a lui procurer une place, où il apportera certainement plus de zele que qui que ce soit, et où il peut a ce moyen se faire honneur, et se rendre cher au Public. C’est la place de Demonstrateur de Chymie au jardin du Roy vacante par la mort de M Rouelle qui fut enterré hier, qui etoit un excellent Chymiste et un tres mediocre Orateur. Cette place depend presque entierement de M de Buffon, qui connoit deja le merite de M Brongniard, et a qui il a deja eté particulierement recommandé mais vous jugez bien que M Brongniard a des Concurrens, dont quelques uns fort alertes a solliciter seront peutetre d’autant moins zelés a remplir la place qu’ils auroient ainsi obtenue. Voila ce qui lui fait desirer d’etre etayé d’un suffrage tel que le votre, qui certainement seroit du plus grand poids sur l’esprit de M de Buffon, qui ecoutera tout le monde, mais qui sait balancer les autorités. Je vous prie en consequence de vouloir lui marquer ce que vous pensez d’un Candidat que vous avez vu la main a l’ouvrage, et que je dois vous ajouter qui est d’ailleurs un parfaitement honnete homme, et un de mes bons et solides amis, a qui j’ai voué depuis longtems un attachement fidele et constant. J’aurois eté moi même avec lui, si des affaires instantes ne me retenoient icy, mais j’espere aller apres demain vous reïterer ma recommandation, et vous entretenir a loisir de quantité d’autres objets que j’ai laissé accumuler depuis un mois; etant sans cesse obligé de remettre le voyage de Passy d’un jour a l’autre. Mais je m’en vais la semaine prochaine changer de domicile et me rapprocher de vous d’un bon tiers du chemin.
J’ai l’honneur d’etre avec un tendre et inviolable attachement Monsieur et cher Ami Votre tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur
Dubourg

Notation: Dubourg 9 Ap. 79


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Thomas Digges, 9 April 1779
From: Digges, Thomas
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dr. Sir
Londo. Apr 9. 1779
Our friend Mr. B——n having given me an oppertunity to convey a letter by a safer conveyance than that of the common post, I make free to inclose it to you in order to be forwarded to Mr W——n should he be out of P——s.
I have but a few minutes before Mr. B—— closes his packet to appologise for the freedom I take & to offer my services here. I am not many hours in London, & shall remain here ‘till calld to a western port on the arrival of two Spanish vessels expected there which I guess will be in six or seven weeks. My purpose with these vessels is the same as what has employd me for now nearly two years—the getting out useful articles—The very great wants of which would be much alleviated was an import directly from this Country allowd by mine, for there are hundreds who would adventure largely, & this too without a prospect of immideate payment. Not a word of Amn news, & by what I can gather, it is likely the embarkation of troops & Recrts destind for N York (in all about 4,500) have been lately countermanded.
The next W Inda. Fleet will sail abot. the 10 May. 80 to 100 ships. I cordeally wish You every prosperity & am Yours.
T. D——

A Monsieur Monsieur Jacques Vincent Droüillard Bureau des Postes Londres

Addressed: a Monsieur / Monsieur B. Franklin
Notations: Digges London 9 april 79 / April 9 1779.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Ingenhousz, 9 April 1779
From: Ingenhousz, Jan
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
London april 9. 1779
Since my last of last weak I saw your old femal friend in town. She came to sea me at my lodgings. She is very wel and in good spirits and desires me to send you her best wishes and to acquaint you that she recieved your kind lettre of Jan. last and will answer it in a short time. I will endeavour to bring you the copper for to roast a chicken in by a bold of iron, which you bought at cheffield when we were there togeather, or, if I can find an earlier oportunity, I will send it to you. Mr Henley has no pretension upon you, his bill being payd within the month of your departure.
As I may possibly go from here earlyer than I expected, the money transaction of my brother might better be omitted till I see you. I expect a lettre from the low countries which will determine my departure from hence. I part with reluctance from a country I like and from friends I esteme, But my duty calls me.
Dr Priestley publishes now a new volum upon air and other articles. It will contain a lettre of mine upon a method of producing at pleasure any quantity of imflammable air without trouble or apparatus. He gave me hesterday a hint which I wish government would adopt viz. to send as soon as possible a ship to discovre the North pole. As last sommer was in our hemisphere, or at least in the Northern parts, very hot, and the present winter very mild, it is probable, that the seas will be free from ice.
I am respectfully your most obedient humble servant
J. Ingen Housz

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur francklin / a Passy
Notation: Ingenhousz April 9. 1779.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Benjamin Vaughan, 9 April 1779
From: Vaughan, Benjamin
To: Franklin, Benjamin

After two and one-half years of false starts, editorial anguish, and printer’s delays, Benjamin Vaughan was finally sending Franklin the first set of sheets for Political, Miscellaneous and Philosophical Pieces. The editor’s work was far from finished. He had not yet collected all the pieces he was hoping to include, and he continued to make editorial changes until the book was finished, at the end of the summer. The volume was not released to the public until December 7, 1779; we will discuss the work as a whole under that date.

My dearest sir,
London, April 9h:, 1779.
By this conveyance you will receive a printed pacquet of your papers; & inclosed you will receive what is finished in addition. The last proof sheet comes down to p. 320.— I believe in the whole, there will be from 450 to 500 pages; exclusive of index, table of contents, and two or three pages of explanatory preface.

I have taken sundry liberties with you; but I only shall be the sufferer, for I shall in the fullest possible manner get your judgment out of the scrape. Italics are put in many places, to serve instead of marking the subject (as in some authors is done) on the side of the page; and to prevent an English reader running away with a blunder for want of attending to a particular word which would have saved his blunder.— The pointing is altered very frequently, your original pointing not being always to be got at; to make the whole uniform. The whole secret of these alterations lies in throwing the sentences into masses & members to assist the eye more suddenly in catching & reviewing the sense; and in making abrupt pauses in particular places for the sake of forcing the readers attention to some particular point, either on account of its importance, or as being otherwise equivocal.— Paragraphs and spaces are used with the same sort of license; especially in the Canada pamphlet & the House of Commons examination. With what is done to these two pieces I think you will hardly be displeased: on the former I bestowed much trouble. The writings of very few authors besides yourself, will bear distinguishing into heads. But I think by making the piece more luminous as to the parts, I have only done you infinitely more credit.— However you may be sure of this; that no sort of mercy will be shewn by the editor to himself.— The two or three first sheets have been blundered about; not having enough attended to the subject, or the printer. Mr Jackson in particular is very ill-used, and will have a public & private apology made to him.— However with your permission, I wish that the alterations I have minuted down may be attended to with you, if not improper; and that it be expressed in the French translation, that what is altered, is at the desire of the English editor.
I am infinitely concerned to tell you that Mr Galloway informed me that “the rebels had got at your papers & many of his own; & destroyed them; but that he would write me an account, as I should probably feel it more satisfactory, for your information, as to the particulars.” I have yet received no letter however: But shall soon urge him again; and wish you would contrive by yourself or Mr Temple Franklin to give me an excuse for pressing him; though at all events it is very easy for me to do the business without you.
About a month ago I took up your paper, on the vis inertia to comment upon it. I am impertinent enough to think that I have done a good deal of substantial business, not only respecting that particular subject, but various other subjects of motion. I have been in my time, much teazed & fretted, at seeing so little of the rationale on these topics given by others; and little more done than a mere contention about laws as they were called or facts, or else a mathematical enumeration & supposed illustration of facts. I have written a paragraph on the theory or rationale of each of the following subjects without a mathematical figure (one case excepted,) and in a language my sister understands: so that if it is not true, any man’s common sense will tell him where & why it is false. In short there are nothing but principles; and cases are stated and explained, only for the sake of the principles. I speak proudly here, for I speak confidentially, and frankly; but there I am very humble. But However, confidentially as I feel myself respecting you, I do not care to trust the paper out of my hands for a fortnight to come, being willing to add & correct. Perhaps the Spanish embassador, if his court has any firmness, will be the bearer. In the mean time I shall get Dr. Pristley & Dr. Price to give their judgments probably.
Comments on the paper.
1. Confirmation that the vis inertiæ is a phantom.
2. Rule substituted, by which the cases intended to be solved by the vis inertiæ, are better solved.
3. Celerity & force to be distinguished, both in theory & effect. Use however of the new conception of communicated celerity.
4. Cases shewn in which a small force though continued, cannot give more than a certain degree of force to a given body; only for want of celerity.
General Remarks ON OTHER SUBJECTS OF MOTION.
5. Manner of projectiles operating 1º: upon UNelastic bodies, 2º. upon elastic bodies, 3º. upon elastic bodies that are lying upon a plane, according to their accidental projection.
6. Cause of elasticity 1º in compressed bodies, 2º; in springs, 3º. in vibrating bodies 4º. in stretched bodies.
7º. How certain bodies become endued with their elasticity; as steel. The phænomenon of the Prince Rupert drop explained.
8º. Is not LIGHT elastic & therefore material, and an emission.

9º. Of the direction of the rebound in elastic bodies.
10º. Whence the versatility arises, with which a given force practically resolves itself into other forces.
11º. Of the question, of resistance altering according to the time consumed.
12º. Case of the bullet & candle against a standing board.
13º. Process of a bullet flattening at any obstacle.
14º Curved motion 1º. where the center of motion is without the body. 2º. where it is within, as in spinning. 3º. where the parts are curved within, yet move indifferently as a whole.
15º. Of the lever; whence a corollary to be drawn.
16º. Action & reaction to be explained without vis inertiæ. 1º. in continued forces. 2º. in single unincreasable projected forces. 3º. In drawing & pushing floating bodies. (which opposed.) 4º. In magnetical & other like forces.
17º. Data given & mistakes cleared relative to the dispute with foreigners, about the quantity of celerity used, in communicating given forces. Decided in favor of English & French philosophers. NB All common sense language here.
18º. What is force?— The phænomena of force enumerated under brief numbered heads.
19. What is not force?—the vis inertiæ.—Conclusion; with apology & address to my beloved Dr. Franklin.
The articles that will most amuse you here, are the 1, 2, latter part of the 5, 6, 7, 11, 14, 17, & 18.
I have not yet committed a great deal of my electrical conceits, in a regular form, on paper; but I shall soon do it. Ld: Mahon writes me that he is printing a book on the subject.
I have no politics to write you. The country people within these twelve months have sometimes looked as if they were going to open their eyes, but France has done us yet so little actual mischief as they think, that they felt that they might go to sleep again. The town too has a good deal lost its hold of the subject: Mr Keppel flattened, Lord Sandwich flattened, budget subjects flattened, every thing flattened. Poor Miss Wray will agitate us for a few days, till Sr. Hugh Palliser’s trial comes on; which is fixed for Monday, and Mr Keppel at last summoned. If the court chooses, I think we can bear the acquittal of this man; they mistake here in thinking it necessary that Palliser should remain under the stigma of the old evidence, for they will determine according to the face & with the temper of the new evidence. Should Spain really come up to the point, and the vigor of a campaign succeed the winter’s calm, we may rouse again; but hardly, for some months. Our prize goods make business & wealth for the moment, and greatly aid the revenue, though all other articles of the latter appear falling off. The tradesmen seem content to be quiet, with the hope of not losing old debts, and receiving their interest. Merchants are clearing off fast; especially with the help of the summer’s remittances. I cannot fully explain the manufacturers; but I suppose you will pick up useful hands among your privateering & other prisoners, who have been accustomed to some thing more beneficial to man than robbery & murder. But lands & loans and luxury of private people, flag very much: It has been the fashion this winter not to dress, because they could not buy new clothes till the old were paid for; volunteer & pleasuring expences also are knocked up very much; and Ld. Grosvesnor in my hearing said very seriously, that he should break up his horse-racing, for no money was to be won, and he would not run for £20’s. He will keep a few horses that he liked only.— His horse-establishment he said was £6000 a year, and two years ago £9000.
I understand from Adml. Darby’s relations, that he is expected to preside at the court-martial; and that the intended commands in the fleet are for Messr. Hardy, Harland, Darby & Digby; but they would not speak too peremptorily.
I wrote to one of the Villesboisnets several articles of news, which I thought he would communicate. In the West India news, our house made some mistakes of little consequence: owing to promotions &c.— Govr. Franklin’s letter I hear no more about; Govr. Tryon who has written very impertinently here about your country’s situation, is to be succeeded by Gen. Robertson as civil governor.
I am very glad to hear of your recovery from the gout.— A person who attends my sisters, as music-master, says that during SEVEN YEARS he has taken out his gout, as he calls it I believe with yellow basilicn: [basilicon], lightly spread on tow, and a poultice above. He found the poultice very necessary for some reason I have forgot, and extended the application rather beyond the parts affected; and, when cured, for a day or two wore a little tow on his foot, just touched with the basilicn. He writes on a Monday, that he is confined with a severe fit of the gout, but has no doubt but that he shall be able to attend on Thursday: this he has done twice in three months; and kept his word. He says his fits are not only shorter, but he thinks rather less frequent; and is otherwise well. I am as ever, my dearest sir, most ardently, devotedly & gratefully, your
BV.

P.S. I wish for a private address to Mr T F, to whom I beg my best compts.
P.S. I write in haste, on very short notice.

Addressed: A Monsr. / Monsr. Franklin, / a Passy, / pres de Paris.
Notations in different hands: Vaughn April 9. 1779 Benjamin Vaughn London / London


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Robert Gover, 10 April 1779
From: Gover, Robert
To: Franklin, Benjamin

St Vallory Sur Somne Aprill 10: 1779
Robert Gover Aged 25 years Belonging to Baltermore in Maryland Saild from that port September 10: 1775 mate of a ship Bound to London at his Arrivel went out mate of a ship to Senegall returnd Back to London October 1: 1777 Saild from London Febuary 20 for Newyork Intending to git home at his Arrivel at Newyork was not allowd a pass by the mayor of that Town and to git away othor ways was very Difficult so was obliged to Return back in the Ship Saild from Newyork October 18: 1778 was Cast away on the Coast of france January 1: 1779 and is now a prisoner has Applyd to the Comesary of this Place to git Liberty to Enter in the Congress Service has had no Answer from the menester Makes free to Acquant Mr. Franklen of the Same hopes he will be so Obligen to git me Liberty to Enter in the Congress servicce or in a merchant Ship bound to America—
from your &c
Robert Gover

Addressed: To / Honorable Doctr. / franklin ambassador / of the America Congress / to the Court of france / to Passy near Paris


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from David Hartley, 10 April 1779
From: Hartley, David
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Ap 10. 1779
I have had some conferences respecting terms of peace wch. I have pressed in the strongest manner whether with effect or no will appear after the holidays. The grounds upon wch. I argued it were confidence & certainty and upon those grounds a friend of yours wd gladly offer his Services, but that friend of yours will never lend himself to transmitt or to negotiate any Specious or fallacious offer to serve as a pretext upon the refusal for the continuation of the War. Peace Peace is the object with the friend. You know so thoroughly my principles relative to America that I can add nothing farther upon that head as to my own Country I wish to reserve its honour as a nation from the importation [imputation] of the crimes of its Ministers. Like the pious Sons of the post diluvian patriarch (the then founder of a new World as this Country is now) I wd Wish to turn my back upon things that are past and to throw a veil over the errors of inabriated Authority.
Let me now refer you to yours feb 22/79 wch. was in answer to mine of Jan 23/79— Thy proposition in mine of 23 Jan/79 was not for you to quit any thing solid to put yourself into a state of receiving what may vanish in the discussion. Tho’ neither you or I are much Conversant at New market but you may have heard of a customary phrase there, Upon offering a bett I say Done first. My Application of this phrase is that Done first gives the certainty against vanishing in the Discussion. Take for instance a proposition wch. has been publicly stated in the 4th. letter from an MP to his Constituents and suppose the Done first applied to it wch. was not the case in the treaty of last Year, such a Done first wd. give every certainty that one nation can give to another. The proposition alluded to is to withdraw the British fleets & Armies from America & to make an offer of peace to America upon the Condition that the eventual treaty of alliance be relinquished on the part of france. If we say Done first Surely these wd. be terms of certainty and Advantage to America for if, America is to become substantially independent of Great Britain No American cd. think it a disadvantage that they shd. become at the same time independent of France & of all the World. So much for the Done first— But the truth is you say you can have no kind of faith &c in the British Ministry. I abhor the mixture of cunning & fierce as much as you can do. But I think a National Done first wd. likewise be an Answer to this objection. It wd doubtless be a strong additional pledge of security.—that the negotiators shd be persons who from principle wd not transmitt any deception [and] the negotiation thro’ such hands might be mutually carried on upon liberal principles of confidence & good faith. In the conference wch. I have alluded to this point was discussed upon that occasion I Learnt the name of the person who made application to you last year relative to the choice of Commrs. who might have been received in America with confidence. I did not positively know the name before tho I was not far from guessing. I cd. say a great deal upon the word Magnanimity (vide yours of Jan 25 1779 a magnanimous & heroic action that is Admired at present by the wise and good through all Europe &c.) All that I will say is this Motives make Magnanimity.
Treaty of Alliance Act: 2d The essential & direct end of the present defensive alliance is to maintain effectually the liberty Sovereignty & Independence absolute & unlimited (either formally or tacitly assured Act: 8) of the said united states as well in Matters of Government as of Commerce. Now I put my test of  If beyond this essential & direct end and upon grounds totally unconnected with that alliance not upon Motives of Magnanimity for the relief of an innocent people but upon distinct & unconnected motives of private European resentments, America shd. be dragged into the consequences of a general European War, She may apply to France the apostrophe of the poet speaking in the Person of Helen to Paris
Non hoc pollicitors tuce
We are both of us engaged in the same cause the restoration of peace but neither you nor I can controul the bent of Nations if the fury of national pride & passions be deaf to the voice of peace. Your Situation puts you more into the Sphere of influential action than mine does. Our hearts are in union for peace. And what so poor a Man as Hamlet is can do to express his love & frending to you God willing shall not lack.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Richard Bennett Lloyd, 10 April 1779
From: Lloyd, Richard Bennett
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir,
London 10th. April 1779—
Your obliging favour of the 18th of March came safe to hand, for which I beg you will accept my best thanks. I must apologize to you for the liberty I am about to take but as I have much reason to be assured of your Friendship and as there is no Gentleman who’s advice I would so soon follow as your’s—permit me therefore, to ask your opinion on the following scheme—. Mr. William Eden (the late Commissioner, and who I have known for some years) hearing that my stay in this Country would be but short, and supposing that I intended to return to America he has offered to procure a passport should I think of going by the way of New York—.
My answer was, that should such indulgence be granted Government must not expect advantage by it, for on my arrival in Maryland I must take the oath directed by Congress and act agreeably to the laws of that State, or run the hazard of forfeiting my Estate—. I think he replied that perhaps Government would not suppose the allowing a few individuals to return to their Estates that it could effect the point in question—.
I have since received a letter from Mr. Eden saying, that he being sensible that so long a separation from my property must be a pressing Inconvenience to me, he would very readily recommend to the Commander in Chief at New York to permit me and my Family to pass thro the Lines to the Southward: and he had every reason to persuade himself that his Recommendation wd. be sufficient for the Purpose—.
I find the impossibility of leaving my Family in Europe and the taking my little Children the great length of journey to Nantes or Bourdeaux— My Finances being exceedingly low (it has been with difficulty I have been able to borrow a few hundreds for the Necessary expences of my Family) this, with the risk of falling into the hands of a Jersey or Grenesey Privateer and my Wife & Children barbarously treated, I confess alarms me much—.
But as this is a Step which requires more foresight than I am able to give it, may I ask for your Friendly advice?—I shall now leave off, beging many pardons for taking up so much of your time— A letter directed for me and put under cover and directed for Messrs. Gale Dawes & Stephenson Little Tower Street London I think will get safe to my hands—.

Mrs. Lloyd unites with me in best respects, and I am with the greatest esteem your very obedient humble Servant—
Richard Btt. Lloyd
The Honourable Benjamin Franklin Esquire &c: &c: &c:—

Notation: Richard B. Lloyd Londres 10 avril 1779.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Oliver Pollock, 10 April 1779
From: Pollock, Oliver
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
New Orleans 10th. Apl. 1779
Annexed is Copy of what I had the honor to write you the 29th. April 1778 since which have not been favoured with a line from you. The purport of this letter is to acquaint you that I have this day drawn on Messrs. Saml. & J. H. Delap Sundry Bills of Exchange Viz for p.4000 in favour of Monsr. Jacque Toutant Beaugaud p.1000 in favour of Michael Poupart p.3500 in favour of Cadet Jardin & 2397 in favour of Monsr. F Detmaters the whole amounting to 10897 Dollars all at 90 Days sight being for Sundries Receiv’d from those Gentlemen for the use of the United states to excute the orders I received from Congress and in Consequence I hope in Sight of this you will see them all duly honored— But as in all Probability you may not yet have Received The necessary advices from Congress Respecting those Bills I make no doubt you soon will after this comes [to] hand having advised the Honbl. the Congress this day to that purpose but for fear their advice should be retarded by misfortunes or accidents at Sea I have herewith inclosed Paragraphs taken from the Secret and Commercial Committees Letter to me dated 12th. June 24 Octobr. & 21 Novr. 1778 as also Copy of a Draft of Exchange drawn by Capt. Jas. Willing in my favour on Congress to all of which I beg leave to defer you for your better Government and please now to observe that exclusive of paying Congress orders by forwarding Goods to a very large amount for which they have not had it as yet in their Power to supply me with sufficient Funds on Acct. of the Enemies Force at Sea and the Embargo which they think necessary to Continue on their Provisions I cannot negotiate Bills upon them in America nor have I ever had an oppty. of hearing from them on that Subject tho I have been Supporting a Detatchmt. of Troops under the Command of Col. Clark who took possession of the Illinois Country last June as also the ship Morris which I fitted out in a Warlike manner to distress the Enemys Trade in this River to the Islands then heavy advances have obliged me to draw those Bills in full Confidence you will See them duly honored for the Credit of the States which will much oblige your Most Obedient & very Huml. Servt.
Olvr. Pollock
Copy


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 10 April 1779
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear & hond Sir.—
Nantes April 10. 1779.
My Cousin Jona Williams tertius will have the honour of delivering you this.— He lately arrived from America & will therefore be able to give you many pieces of Information which perhaps may have not found their way through a public Channel.— His views in coming to France were principaly to reestablish his Health, having succeeded in this he wishes to see Paris & then return.—
I beg leave to introduce him to your notice & Friendship, we have but one Name between us & from our Infancy we have divided each others affections.—
I am ever Your most dutifully & affect
Jona Williams J


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from James Hutton, 11 April 1779
From: Hutton, James
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
April. 11. 1779
I send the Servant who occasionally does my little messages, for that Protection for the Good Intent Capt. Francis Mugford, to go to and from Labradore, to the Moravian mission Settlements for the conversion of the Heathen, so kindly promised last Friday. The Person who was to have brought it yesterday never came. I hope it has not miscarried. Many thanks to you for the Readiness with which you oblige your old Friend & Servant
Jas. Hutton

Addressed: To / Doctor Franklin / or His Grandson / Passy.
Notation: M. Hutton April 11. 1779.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to All Captains and Commanders of Vessels of War, [11 April 1779]
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: All Captains and Commanders of Vessels of War

Gentlemen,
[April 11, 1779]
The Religious Society commonly called the Moravian Brethren having established a Mission on the Coast of Labrador, for the Conversion of the Savages there to the Christian Religion, which has already had very good Effects, in turning them from their ancient Practices of surprizing plundering and murdering such White People Americans and Europeans, as for the Purposes of Trade or Fishery, happened to come on that Coast, and persuading them to lead a Life of honest Industry and to treat Strangers with Humanity and Kindness. And it being necessary for the Support of this useful Mission, that a small Vessel should go thither every Year to furnish Supplies & Necessaries for the Missionaries and their Converts, which Vessel for the present Year is a Sloop of about seventy Tons called the Good Intent, whereof is Master Capt. Francis Mugford. This is to request you, that if the said Vessel should happen to fall into your Hands, you would not consider her as an Enemy, but as employed, in the Service of Mankind in general; that you would not suffer her to be plundered or hindred in her Voyage but on the contrary afford her any Assistance she may stand in need of: Wherein I am confident your Conduct will be approved by the Congress & your Owners.
Given at Passy this 11th Day of April 1779.—
(signed) B. FranklinMinister Plenipotentiary from the United States, at the Court of France.
To all Captains & Commanders of Vessels of War Privateers & Letters of Marque belonging to the United States of America—


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Quincy Adams, 12 April 1779
From: Adams, John Quincy
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Nantes april 12th 1779
I am obliged to you, for the Mention you have been so good as to make of me in several of your letters to my Pappa, whom I have accompanied to Brest & back to Nantes.

I hope you have recovered a perfect state of Health & that you will enjoy it a long time.
I beg of you to remember me respectfully to Mr Franklin & affectionately to Mr Benjamin.
I have wrote several times to my Freinds at Passy but recd no answers. I suspect my Letters have miscarried. I beg you would deliver those inclosed as directed I am with great Veneration sir yours.
John Q Adams


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Claude-Mammès de Pahin Champlain de La Blancherie, 12 April 1779
From: La Blancherie, Claude-Mammès Pahin de Champlain de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Le 12 avril. 1779.
M. de la Blancherie présente ses respects à Monsieur frankelin a l’honneur de prier son Excellence de vouloir bien lui accorder enfin l’honneur de sa présence mercredi prochain après la séance de l’Académie. Il attend cette faveur comme les Israélistes attendoient la manne du ciel.
M. frankelin.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Mace: Promissory Note, 12 April 1779
From: Mace, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Passy, April 12 1779
I promise to pay to the honbl. the President of Congress or his Order the sum of three hundred & sixty four Livres, twelve sols, for Value recd. of Mr. Coffin at Dunkirk, & of B. Franklin esq; at Passy.
I have signed three Notes of this Tenor & Date to Serve as one.
John Mace
364.12


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Marat, 12 April 1779
From: Marat, Jean-Paul
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
April 12th 79.
The report of the Commitee’s for to morrow has been declined by M. le Roy, & is delay’d till Saturday next.
I again beg earnestly you would be So good as to be present then to give your opinion, which will be requested by M. le Comte de Maillebois.
Was it not now so material a point to the Author, that a candid judgement should be pass’d upon his work, he would trust to time alone. But he is certain that many a Accademical gentleman do not look with pleasure upon his discoveries, & will do their utmost to préjudice the whole Body. Let the cabal be ever So warm, it certainly will be Silenced by the Sanction of Such a Man as Doctor Franklin: and how far judgement passed by himself & the Royal Academy can influence public opinion is well known.
If I appèare troublesome, Sir; my consciousness of your benevolence, & my respect for your candour and understanding are my apology
The Representative.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Adams: Two Letters, 13 April 1779
From: Adams, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

I.
Sir
Nants April 13. 1779
I had Yesterday the Honour of yours of the third of this Month.
C. Landais had So much diffidence in Some of his Crew, that he could not think of carrying home any of the most culpable of the Conspirators, especially as he was so weak handed.
The naval Code of the united States, has great occasion for Amendments in many Particulars, without which there will be little Discipline subordination, or obedience.
I am happy that you approve of cloathing the petty officers and thank you for the Confidence you have put in me in desiring that I would give Directions in your Behalf for what I may judge for the good of the Service, Funds and Circumstances considered. A Trust however, that will involve me in difficulties, because I fear the Demands of officers and Men will be greater than I could wish.
Obedience, on Board is So imperfect, that I do not expect the ship can possibly be got to sea, without some Money to the officers and Men.

I expect the Ship here every day, and I hope in 15 days to be at sea, if you have any Letters should be glad to carry them.
Am much pleased with your Reception at Court in the new Character and I do not doubt that your opinion of the good Will of this Court to the united States is just. This Benevolence is the Result of so much Wisdom and is founded in such Solid Principles that, I have the utmost Confidence in its Perseverance to the End.
Spain, too, must Sooner or later see her true Interest, and declare in favour of the same generous Cause. I wish, and hope with you that it will be soon.— If it is not, there is great Reason to fear a very unnecessary and profuse Effusion of human Blood: for the English derive such Spirits from their Captures at sea and other little successes, and War is everlastingly So popular among them, when there is the least Appearance of success however deceitful that, they will go on, at whatever Expence and Hazard.
Master Johnny, whom you have honoured with an affectionate Remembrance, and who Acts at present in the quadruple Capacity of Interpreter, secretary, Companion & Domestick to his Pappa desires me to present you his dutiful Respects.
My Regards if you please to Mr Franklin & Mr Gellée, and the young Fry.
I have the Honour to be with great Respect, your most obedient servant
John Adams.
His Excellency, M. Franklin, Ministre Plenipotentiary of the U. states

Notation: Jonh Adams Nantes 13 avril 1779.

II.
Sir
Nantes April 13. 1779
This Morning I had the Honour of yours of the 8th, and thank you for the order inclosed to Captain Landais, and for those you mention to M. Schweighausser.
The true Springs of the Discontent on board appear to me to be, the Depreciation of Paper Pay, and the Extraction of the Captain. The Purser, may have increased them a little by too much of the Appearance of being a favourite of the Captain, for ought I knew, but without any fault that I knew of.
In short I never knew Discontents openly avowed and Misunderstandings among People confessed without something more solid to say in Excuse for them.
I fancy the Purser, may go home in the Alliance if he chooses, and do his Duty without any Injury to the service.— But it should be I think as he chooses, or shall choose.
In Consequence of your repeated Letters to me, I have ventured to Advise Mr Schweighauser, to promiss the officers and Men as much Money as with their Cloaths will make two Months Pay. Without this Indulgence I am convinced the ship would never get to sea, with her present Equipage.
I am perfectly of your opinion that the Americans arrived from England should be at Liberty, and they have been left so accordingly and some have engaged with Captain Jones and some with Captain Landais, so many with the latter as will be a fine Addition to his strength, altho still far short of his Compliment.
I have the Honour to be, sir, your most obedient
John Adams
His Excellency, Dr Franklin

Notation: Adams John. 13 April 1779.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Daniel Duchemin, 14 April 1779
From: Duchemin, Daniel
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Tres respectable Docteur
de Londre le 14 avril 1779
Je ne puis menpecher de vous troubler pour vous assurer de mes plus tendre respect et vous donner avis quaprees avoir Etez fait prisonnier deux jour avant lentrée des anglois Dans Philadelphia et detenu depuis ce tems la jé sependant par le moyen d’un amis passé en Engleterre ou je suis presentement mais les perte que jé faite depuis mon Emprisonnement mon mis or Detat de paser En france sans votre secour. Je suis premier Lieutenant dans un corps Comandé par Le Collonnel Armand marquis de la roirie je demeuroit a Philadelphia dans chesnuts Estreet et ay lhonneur detre parfaitement Connu de Mr. Tomas moris presentement en franse quy assurement s’il savoit mon Etat present me renderoit des service. Jé lhonneur Detre Connu aussy du marquis de la fayette du General Convoy du Collonel duplessy de monsieur de la Balme du General Déroche fermoy & &. Je vous prie de Grace de ne pas oublié un pauvre miserable quy absent de sa famille depuis plus d’un ans et il ne sessera de prier pour la Conservation de votre respectables personnes par votre tres humbles et trees obeissant serviteur
Daniel Ducheminpremier lieutenant aux Etats unis de lamerique

Mon adresse est: To Mr. Duchemin at Mr. Leroy Green Grosser opositte St. Geems church Jermyn Street London

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Le Docteur franclin / agant des Etast unis de lamerique / a Paris
Notation: Daniel Duchemin de Londres 24 avril 1779.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from César-François Cassini de Thury, [on or after 14 April 1779]
From: Cassini de Thury, César-François
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
a Lacademie des Sciences [on or after April 14, 1779]
M Le Roy vient de presenter a Lacademie un ouvrage qui minteresse dautant plus que je le regarde comme Le Votre, nÿ auroit til point de lindiscretion a Vous demander un exemplaire en attendant que jay L’honneur de Vous presenter un ouvräge qui est actuellement sous presse.

Je suis avec respect Monsieur Votre très humble et très obeissant serviteur
Cassini DE ThuryDir. de lobservat, Royal

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur francklin / de lacademie des sciences &c / A Passy
Notation: Cassini.


Title: Bill for Benjamin Franklin Bache’s Schooling, 15 April 1779
From: Le Coeur, ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin

a Passy Le quinze avril 1779.
Monsieur franklin doit pour la Pension de Mr. son petit fils

Les deux quartiers et plusrs. jours de Pension ce qu fait au total
270

  Six mois de Mtre. de Dessein
  108

  6 mois de danse
  72

  6 paires de Souliers
  27

  Les Semaines
  31
  12

  Lait pour les dejeuner
  29
  15

  6 mois de Perruquier
  12

  Les Etrennes des Sous Mtres et domestiques
  24

  une Culotte de peau grise et façon
  7

  une Culotte de Soye noire du 14 fevrier 1779
  16
  15

  deux paires de bas de cotton de
  5
  20

  Total
  603
  l.t. 7 s.

J’ai reçu de Monsieur franklin Le montant du présent Mémoire dont je quitte Mondit Sieur pour solde de compte
Le Coeur

Endorsed by Franklin: Pd. by an Order on Grand / Schoolmaster Le Coeur’s Receipt. Benny


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from J. Pierel, 16 April 1779
From: Pierel, J.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Roscoff le 16 avril 1779.
Jai Lhonneur de vous informer de l’arrivée d’une Prise angloise le 9 du courant sur notre rade de L’isle de bas [Batz] nommée Le Jeune Dominique du port d’environ 30 Thonnaux chargée de Saumons Sallés en futailles faite au Cap de Clare par Le Corsaire particulier Le Prince Noir armé au Port de Celem province de Newhampshire en amerique Capitaine Le Sieur Nathaniel West. Laquelle prise a été conduite ici par Le Sieur James Barnett ôfficier sur Ledit Corsaire qui s’est adressé à moi & nous allons proceder incessament à la vente de cette Prise & de son chargemt.
Mr Lee qui ma fait Lhonneur de passer 1 jour chez moi est à même de vous rendre compte de la Situation avantageuse de notre Port & de la Commodité de Son entree pour toutes éspeces de Navires ainsi que pour le ménagement des frais. En conséquence je continuerois à rendre à tous les Capitaines americains qui pourroient y venir Tous les Services qui dépendront de moi.
Je Suis charmé que cette ôccasion me Procure l’avantage de vous assurer que je Suis avec un trés profond réspect Monsieur Votre trés humble et trés obeissant Serviteur
J: Pierel
A Monsieur Franklin Ministre Plenipotentiaire des états unis de l’amérique à Paris.

Notation: J. Pierel. Roscoff Le 16e avril 1779.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Bondfield, 17 April 1779
From: Bondfield, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Bordeaux 17 April 1779
My Motives for inclosing you the Anext detail of conections wherein I have and am embarked springs from the apprehendtion I am under of falling a Sacrefice with many others in the Crush of the times relying on timely returns engaged my extending my concerns further than the Capital we have in Europe will answer. I find myself in a Situation the most disagreable posible owing to the general discredit given by the failure of many Houses and perticularly them in Conection with the United States. I have supported without any Assistance all the Checks which the Miscarriage of our adventures have met with and should at this day be entirely disengaged had not the Outfits of our Three Ships at Brest. The Governor Livingston the Hunter and the Mary fearen exceeded the Sums we had allotted for that Service, these Vessels have involved me in a debt of near eighty Thousand Livres which the want of Funds on this Side makes me dread the too pressing instances of them to whom I stand indebted to the hurt of my Credit.
I look up to you for a Credit if to be done without prejudice to your Ministry requesting from your Banker liberty to draw as my Occations may require to a certain extent in so doing you will render me most essential service.
You may and will undoubtedly consider under what pretentions I take the liberty to apply to you. I have no personal pretentions I can have none, but having embarked at the first Opening of the American Confederacy, having advanct as you know in Canada all our Capital at a Crisis for the Support of the American Army. I speak not for myself alone but for Price & Haywood who stand equally interested with me in all our European transactions, having brought with us ten Thousand pounds Sterling which we have and are employing in promoting the Trade of the New Alliances as our force admits haveing establisht ourselves respectably at this City and by our Operations drawn the attention of the French Merchants to Notice our Conduct, independant of the private gratings as a Stab to our Credit would [torn: word or words missing]ence would be a hurt to America should we be forced to defer our payments being the only House that have set down from America in this City under their own Support and in the space of twelve months given so active a Spur to the Union.
From these United Circumstances we may probably be thought worthy of your Protection as this application is not with a view to obtain other than a tempory Aid by a Credit until the reentry of sufficient Capital to go without we flatter ourselves to meet in you a protector who will take us by the hand until we are able to go alone which I hope may be before we have any occation to make use of the Credit for which I now apply this being an Act of precaution to stand me in need in case of want and in this I only understand should you engage Mr Grand to be only an Operation on banque not any real advances guarding always to timely remit as drafts become due.
This application will not I flatter myself influence you to my prejudice Trade and Gouverment bind each other and occationally aid to each others support, the distress’s occation’d by the Capture of the West Indies Ships belonging to this Port has so checkt the Course of Credit that I cannot make any dependance where twelve Months past I should not have found the least difficulty and being as you may suppose strangers at our Arrival in France it cannot be expected to find that Current Credit which a long Series of application & known Abilities can only procure. I have personally no Cause to complain having met on many Occations striking instances of liberallity from the French Merchants and but for the Calamities the late loss’s have created should not doubt their continuance. Circumstances alters Cases and it is our duty to provide against the Storm Committing this my application to your Mature Consideration I remain with due Respect Sir your very hhb Servant
John Bondfield
To His Excellency Benj Franklin

Addressed: To / His Excellency Benj Franklin / Plenipotentiary from the United States / of America / at / Paris
Notation: John Bonfield Bordeaux 17 avril 1779.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Emery, 17 April 1779
From: Emery, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Bilbao 17 Aprl. 1779
I yesterday recd. the Inclosed Letter from Capt. Sargent Ingersoll of the Saucy Jack, Cutter belonging to Mr. Nat Tracy of Newberry Port & myself— by the Capt. Declaration his Vessell Was taken too Nigh the Shore to be a legal prize & Genl. Oriley gives the Capt hopes of recovering her again, tho from the Spirited manner in which the court of Spain have made demands of this sort I confess I have no great hopes myself, yet would not Neglect aney Opportunity of saving my own & partners Intrest should it be convenient to your Honor to mention the affair to the count de Arranda. Perhaps she may be recovred. I expect to Embark onboard Cap. St Barbe for Newberry Port Next week & shall leave this affair in the hands of Messr. Gardoquis who will also write you on the Subject, aney assistance you may think proper to afford them will be ever gratefully acknowledged by Sir Your Most Obt. HI. Servt.
Jno Emery

The prize mentiond was the Fly Cap Penny beloning to Pool which arrived safe & Sold.Honble. Benjamin Franklin Esqr.

Notation: Emery Jn. April 17. 1779.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Kéralio, 17 April 1779
From: Kéralio, Agathon Guynement, chevalier de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur.
a l’Ecole Rle. mre. 17e. avril, 1779.
M. L’abbé de la Roche m’a fait espérer que vous vouliés bien me faire L’honneur de venir diner chés moi jeudi 22e. Si vous rendés justice aux Sentiments de vénération et d’attachement que je vous ai voués, vous Savés combien j’en suis flatté. Je vous recevrai comme vous desirés L’être, c’est-a-dire que vous aurés peu de monde. J’espere toutefois que M. votre petit fils sera de la partie et d’ailleurs tous ceux qu’il vous plaira.
Il est un convive que j’attends et que vous ne serés pas faché de voir, c’est Made la Comtesse de Forbach. Je saurai lundi au Soir, si nous aurons le bonheur de La posséder.
Je suis avec Respect Monsieur votre très humble et très obéissant Servr.
Le chr. De Keralio

Notation: Le Cher. de Keralio 17. Avril 1779.—


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from William MacCreery, 17 April 1779
From: MacCreery, William
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Bordeaux 17th. April 1779
I received the Honor of your Excellencys letter of 18th. Ultimo: am sorry for your indisposition, & sincerely wish a speedy return, & long continuance of Good Health.
In regard to the Duties paid on the exportation of Salt from the Ports of France in general, & on Shipping it to the French Colonies from this Port, your Excellencys information was pretty right: but this being a conquored Province, Salt can not be exported to a forreign Market without paying a Duty of 40 l.t. 17.10 on the Pipe of Salt, which costs in Saint Martins only 12 l.t. 0.0. There are other charges on it, which under the present regulations brings the Price to between four & five Times the first cost, which is, in fact, a meer prohibition. I have myself Ship’d Salt from Nantes, where the Duties are very triffling; & were they no heavier at this Port, I shoud be ashamed to complain.
In place of loading Salt, which wou’d have been proffitable to the Commerce of this Country, as well as to our own, I have been obliged to take in an Hundred Tons of useless Sand, which neither benefits one nor the other, but on the contrary, is a dead loss to the owners of the Buckskin.
I expect the Buckskin will Sail about the 10th. of next Month, and as I purpose going home to Baltimore in her, shall freely take charge of any Letters or dispatches that your Excellency may chuse to send by her.
I have the Honor to be, with the greatest Respect, Your Excellencys most obedient and most humble Servant
Will MacCreery
His Excellency B. Franklin Esqr. at Passy

Notation: Will. MacCreery. Bordeaux 17e. avril 1779.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Sartine, 18 April 1779
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Sartine, Antoine-Raymond-Gualbert-Gabriel de

Sir
Passy, April 18 1779
By Letters I am daily receiving, I find there are in various Prisons of France a number of American Sailors, who having been forced into the english Service and since taken, remain confined with those of that Nation; but are very desirous of serving their own Country, in any of our Ships of War; and to that end, request I would obtain their Discharge from their present Confinement. To prevent giving your Excellency the frequent Trouble of particular Applications & Orders upon every Occasion, I beg leave to submit it to your Consideration, whether it would not be well to give a general Order to those who have the Care of the Prisons, to examine in each of them those who pretend to be Americans & who desire to enter our Service; and that such as are found to answer that Description be sent immediately to l’Orient & shipt with Capt. Jones, or in the Alliance.
I am, with sincere Respect your Excellency’s m. o. & m. h. S.
B Franklin
M. de Sartine.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Dumas, 19 April 1779
From: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
La Haie 19e. Avril 1779
Depuis deux mois environ, je suis extrêmement embarrassé de ma conduite ici à l’egard de Mr. l’Ambr. de F——. Accoutumé, ainsi que Mr. l’Abbé Des Noyers son prédécesseur, à me voir leur communiquer sans réserve toute ma correspondance, mes démarches & mes opérations, il m’a paru piqué que je ne lui aie rien dit de ce qui s’est passé entre Mrs. St——r, De N——e, & moi, & que je ne lui montre plus de vos Lettres. Effectivement il n’a pas vu vos 4 dernieres du 11 & 19 fevr., 12 & 18 Mars; & sur ce qu’il m’a témoigné ses desirs à cet egard, je lui ai dit respectueusement, que je ne pouvois les montrer à personne sans votre ordre exprès. Il est dans une grande colere contre Mr. St——r, & vouloit absolument que je lui disse où il étoit, ajoutant qu’il y alloit du service du Roi; que la parole que j’avois donnée de ne rien révéler de lui, ne devoit pas tenir contre la raison d’Etat; qu’il ne vouloit pas lui faire du mal, mais qu’il étoit nécessaire qu’il lui parlât; que Mr. St——r étoit un mauvais sujet, à qui il avoit défendu au nom du Roi de se mêler de telles affaires; que Mr. Le R—— de Ch——, & la personne de confiance d’un des Ministres, avoient grand tort de l’employer à cela, & qu’il s’en plaindroit & en écriroit à ce Ministre.
Je l’ai appaisé du mieux que j’ai pu sans faire de bassesse, & sans manquer à mon devoir, c’est-à-dire, en gardant fidelement les secrets qui m’ont été confiés. Mais comme ma liaison & correspondance nécessaire avec Mr. De N——e, & peutêtre aussi avec Mr Str., peut m’exposer tous les jours à d’autres difficultés pareilles auprès d’un Seigneur dont le caractere respectable m’en impose à juste titre, & que d’ailleurs j’honore aussi personnellement, j’ai grand besoin d’être rassuré & éclairé. Permettez donc, Monsieur, que je vous demande vos ordres, & les intentions des Ministres du Roi, pour régler ma conduite en conséquence, & que je vous supplie de me les faire parvenir le plutôt possible.
Je sais depuis hier, de bonne part, que l’Espagne s’est enfin déclarée. Cela fera un bon effet ici, & par- tout.
Je suis avec touts les sentimens du respectueux attachement que vous me connoissez pour vous, Monsieur, Votre trèshumble & très-obéissant serviteur
D
Passy à Son Exc. Mr. Franklin

Addressed: à Son Excellence / Monsieur Franklin, Esqr. / Ministre Plenipe. des Etats- / unis de l’Amérique / à Passy./.
Notation: Dumas 19 April 79


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Landais, 19 April 1779
From: Landais, Pierre
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Please Your Excellency Sir
Nantes april 19th 1779
I left the Harbour of Brest the 11th in Compagny of the French frigate called the Egrette bound to this River but the wind being Contrary we could Sail no farther than the conquet where we staied till the 15th, that the wind came SE, then we get under Sail but I Soon found out we could out Sail all the french frigate or Sloops of war and lasting Sight of them in the night time I made the best of my way towards this River where I came to an anchor the 18th having 93 English prisonners aboard according to Mr Shweighauser order, we are to deliver them to the English Cartel Ship and peeck up what number of Americans we can get out of the number that came in the Said Cartel Ship for to recrut the Ship as well as we can for to get to America when I Shall have Mr shweighauser order to that purpose.
I am with the Greateast Respect Your Excellency Most Obeidient Most humble Servant
P: Landais
His Excellency Bn Franklin Minister Plenipotentary of the united States of America

Addressed: To / His Excellency Bn Francklin Minister / Plenipotentary of the united States of America / at Passy Nigh Paris—

Notations in different hands: Landais Apr 19. 1779 / P. Landais Nantes avril 19. 1779.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Steward et al., 19 April 1779
From: Steward, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honoured Sir
St. Mallows Prison Aprill the 19th 1779
We Make Bold to trouble you with these few Lines to Let your Honour know our Situation at present in hopes that your Honour will Be so good as to Relive from our Confinement and Grant us permission to go on Board of Some american Ship Sir we saild out of Nantucket October the 10 Day 1777 Bound to the Brozells a whaling and had the Misfurtune to Be taken By an English ship and Caried to porthmouth and Lay about Six weeks in porthmouth then they Sent us Down word from London that if we would Consent to go a whaling out of England that they would Relive us and the most of us having No friends Nor aquaintances In England we Consented to go And as we was outward Bound we was taken By a french privateteer and Brought to Haverdegrass where we Remain’d four Months then a Capt. of a privateer hearing that we was Americans Came and asked us to go along with him for one Cruse which was to Be But two Months And we told him that we would If that He would Grant us Liberty to go on Borad of a merican vessell after the two Months was Expired So he Caried us to the Comesary of that place and Both the Comesary and the Capt. Declared that we Should have our Liberty to go As Soon as the two Months was up or Before If so be that we met with any united vessell So Pleas your Honour Sir upon these proposals we went on Board and Served our two Months out and at the End of the sd. two months we Came into St. Mallows and hearing of an american Frigate at Brest and another at Lorian we Demanded our Liberty to go on Board of those Ships But the Comesary of this place and the Capt. told us that we should not go on Board of any american Ship an If we would not go in the sd. privateer that we should go to prison and sir we Concluded to go to prison In order to Send these Lines to your Honour In Hopes that you try to grant us permision to go on Board of these sd. ships there Is Capt Jones that we hear Is very short of people Like wise the Relience Frigate at Breast and sir we would Not want Greater pleasure at present than to get on Board of one of these ships and If your Honour will Be so good as to hear to these few Lines that we have pen’d and grant us an Answer If not too Much trouble And In so Doing you will most kindly oblide Your Most Humble Servants that would willingly Serve [for our?] Country; Sir your Most affectionate Subject [torn: word missing]
John Steward of CapcodWillim. Barnett of NantuckettRobert Wright of NantuckettRichard Noldforth of Bostonyour Humble servants

Addressed: for / The / Honourable Dr. Frankling / Ambasandor for the 13 united / States of America at / Paris in France
Notation: Petition of several men St. Mallow’s Prison April. 19. 79


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Horneca, Fizeaux & Cie., [20 April 1779]
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Horneca, Fizeaux & Cie.

[April 20, 1779]
Where as it is represented to me, and appears by authentic Documents, that the articles of Merchandise mentioned in the annexed Invoice were delivered by Mr—Jona. Williams Junr. at Nantes to Mr. J. D. Schweighauser supposing them to belong to the Public of the United States, and whereas the said goods (except case No. 3) have been Since exported to America or otherways employed for the Public Use by the said J. D. Schweighauser, I do hereby request Messrs. Horneca fizeaux & Co. merchants at Amsterdam to replace the said Invoice of goods in quantity & quality (except Case No. 3. Since redeliverd to the sd. Williams the amount of which is deducted from the Invoice annexed) and to transport the Same to Nantes at the risque and Expence of the United States and I engage to reimburse the said Horneca fizeaux & Co. the amount of the said goods with Insurance Freight & all Expences on producing me the proper Invoices, Bills of Lading & accot. of Charges on their arrival & delivery at Nantes.—
BF.

Done at Passy this 20 April—1779

Notation by William Temple Franklin: Order upon Messrs Horneca Fizeau & Co. to replace certain Goods sent to America on Acct of Congress, by mistake. according to Invoice. sent to Mr Williams April 20. 1779.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Jonathan Williams, Jr., 20 April 1779
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Williams, Jonathan Jr.

Dear Nephew
Passy April 20 1779
Inclosed is the Invoice you sent me & the Order you desired. I have kept Copies.
I wish it was in my Power to relieve all the Wants and even to gratify the Wishes of Prisoners, who have suffered in the Cause of their Country. But there are Limits to every thing, and the frequent Intercepting of our Supplies from the Congress by the british Cruizers, has very much narrow’d the Limits in this Case. As to those remaining in Prison, who write for ten guineas a Piece to be sent them, to enable them to escape; the Request, if it were reasonable is not Practicable: the Number would make the sum enormous; and the Proposition is Less necessary now, as the Exchange is begun, and is by Agreement to continue.
One of the Petitions you sent to me, which seems to be from some of the Private men, desires Leave to draw on me for Wages: But it is very improper for me to meddle with the Affair of Wages, as I have neither Authority nor the Means of competent Information: It is impossible for me to know here who were in the Continental Service, or on what Terms, or who were Officers & who Privates; and I have already experienced a good Deal of Imposition among those who have called at Paris in their Way from the Prisons in England to the Sea-Ports of France. The other from the Officers, desires a subsistance till Provision can be made for them to go home, which is reasonable if they are disposed to take the first Opportunity; and as the Alliance is probably at Nantz before this can reach you, I hope they are received on Board her, on the Terms you mention, of having their Passage free, and acting in the Service on Occasion; I make no Doubt, from the Character of Capt. Landais that he will treat them with all due Civility. With Regard to the quantum of their Subsistance as well as that of the common Sailors, while they wait at Nantes, if the ship should not be arrived, I write by this Post to Mr. Adams, whom I have confided in with Regard to other Matters of the same kind, requesting that he would do in it what shall appear to him to be reasonable; and as they will probably go in the Ship with him, there is no Doubt of his being willing to oblige them as far as present Circumstances which he well knows, will admit. I desire You therefore to talk with Mr Adams on the Subject, by his undertaking to give the necessary Directions; you will be free of the Application, & the Gentlemen will, I hope, be satisfied.
I must for a few days, defer answering your Letters of the 8th inst. relating to your Accounts. I am your Affectionate Uncle.
J. Williams


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Woestyn frères, 20 April 1779
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Woestyn frères

Gentlemen
Passy April 20 1779
I am very sensible of the Honor you propose to do me in the naming of your Vessel; to which I have but this Objection, that I cannot merit it by taking a Part in the Enterprize. I have communicated your Scheme to some of my Friends; But they are already engaged in such Undertakings as far as they chuse to be. I shall however try some others, and I most heartily wish you all the Success imaginable.
I have the Honor to be &c
Messrs. Voestyn (Dunkirk)


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Benjamin Franklin Bache, [on or after 20 April 1779]
From: Bache, Benjamin Franklin
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Mon cher bon papa
[on or after April 20, 1779]
Je prens la liberté de vous écrire pour vous informer de ma santé aussi bien que de mon voyage ou nous avons essuyé quelques malheurs nous arrivames à Genéve lundi et j’ai été en pension le jour suivant ou je ferai mon possible pour bien travailler et pour vous satisfaire j’espère que je receverai la réponse le plutôt qu’il vous sera possible je suis bien faché de ne pas pouvoir vous ecrire davantage, car si je le pouvois, je le ferois. Je me porte assez bien j’espère que vous vous portez de même Mr Cramer vous fait ses compliments.
Votre tres humble et tres obeissant fils
B. Franklin Bache


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Becker & Saltzmann, 20 April 1779
From: Becker & Saltzmann
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur!
Berlin cè 20me. d’Avrile 1779.
Pandant la Guerre en Allemagne, qui heuresement vient d’estre finie, nous avons fait Speculation pour livrer des Uniformes a une partie de l’Armée de notre Souverain, de laquelle nous restent environ quatre mille Uniformes, ne pouvant plus les emploÿer, l’Idé nous est venue, d’envoÿer une Uniforme Complette a Votre Exellençe pour Vous offrir le tout ensemble pour l’Armée en Amerique, en esperant d’autant plus de reuissir, que nous avons deja expedier d’icÿ, il ÿ a deuxs Ans deux mille pieçes de Draps en diverses Coulleurs, principalement en brun et bleu.
Sur la Notte cÿ incluse Votre Exellençe trouvera le dernier prix de jaque Article livré icÿ dans un Vaisseaux pour estre transporté a Hambourg. Nous souhaitons ardemment que Votre Excellençe voudra daigner de faire quelque Reflection la dessus, et nous donner des Ordres en Consequençe, et en meme temp de nous pardonner notre hardiesse, de nous Addresser directement a Votre Excellence.
Nous sommes avec la plus parfaite Veneration de Votre Excellence. Les tres hles. et tres obeissts. Serviteurs
Becker & SaltzmannMarchands.

Notation: Becker Baltzman 20 avril 1779.—


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from David Hartley, 20 April 1779
From: Hartley, David
To: Franklin, Benjamin

My Dear Sir
London April 20 1779
I hope you have heard of your prisoners (viz the first cargo) before this time. I am impatient to receive your answer to some of my late letters to you. You know the Object wch constantly possesses my mind. I wish to bring some material points to issue, upon terms of certainty and Confidence. Parliament will probably sit for some time yet, and while parliament continues sitting I consider the measures of the year as not yet out of our reach. I shall probably have occasion to write to you again soon. I like to be sure of the ground that I stand upon before any measure of consequence is taken but not to lose opportunities. Opportunity shd be seized by the forelock. You will hear from me again soon—Your affecte
DH.

Addressed: To Dr Franklin
Notation: D.H. April 20. 1779.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Gabriel-Louis Galissard de Marignac, 20 April 1779
From: Marignac, Gabriel-Louis Galissard de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Genève ce 20e. avril 1779
Monsieur Cramer m’avoit écrit de préparer une place dans ma pension à Monsieur vôtre petit fils, je l’ai fait avec plaisir à sa recommandation & a cause de vous; ils arrivèrent hier dix neuf avril en parfaite santé; Je sens bien, Monsieur, que cest à ses bontés que je dois l’honneur de vôtre confiance; mais il est de mon devoir de vous assurer moi même de tous les efforts, que je ferai pour la mériter: les papiers publics m’avoient appris à vous estimer; les sentimens de respect, de tendresse & de reconnoissance, que je tacherai d’entretenir dans Monsieur Franklin pour vous, soutenus par les preuves journaliéres, que je pourrai lui donner de vôtre mérite, ajouteront encore, si cela se peut, à ma façon de penser à vôtre égard: Daignés, Monsieur, m’honorer d’une reponse, Veuillès me donner vos directions sur l’èducation de nôtre jeune homme, & mon empressement à les suivre vous prouvera ma consideration & le profond respect avec lequel j’ai l’honneur d’être Monsieur Votre très humble & très obéissant Serviteur
G L De Marignac

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Franklin Ministre / Plénipotentiaire des provinces unies / d’Amérique auprès de sa majesté très / chrétienne, adressé à Monsieur Grand / Banquier ruë Monmartre / A Paris


Title: Bill for Benjamin Franklin Bache’s Schooling, [20 April–5 September 1779]
From: Marignac, Gabriel-Louis Galissard de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

[April 20–September 5, 1779]
Doit Monsieur Franklin à Gabriel Marignac pour la Pension de son Petit fils depuis le 20e. Avril jusqu’au 5. 7bre … £192.19

Papier, Encre & Plumes
  2.5

  Ecritoires
  .12

  Catéchisme
  .10

  1 Service d’argent pour l’entrée acheté suivant l’ordre de Monsieur Cramer
  19.10

  8 Paires Bas
  13.10

  12 Bonnets de nuit
  4

  Thêmes Mercier
  1.10

  Blanchissage
  3

  Epitomé
  3.13.6

  Apparat
  3

  Port de lettre double
  19.6

  Selectae
  1.6

  Phédre & Distiques
  19.6

  2 mois de dessein, et fournitures
  7.15

  Grammaire Grecque
  1.10

  Histoire Poëtique
  .15

  donné à Mr. Pinon pour Etoffe d’habit
  7.16

  Entrée en 5ème
  1.10

  Cahiers
  .6

  Grammaire de Perésche
  .18

  Raccomodage de Bas
  1

  Payé à Mr. frederich pour toile de Chemises
  50.16.6

  fournitures et façon des Chemises
  7.5

  Raccomodage et blanchissage de bas de soye
  .10

  Ruban de queuë
  .6

  Blanchissage
  2.5

  Prix des bonnes nottes
  10

  Raccommodage de bas
  .7

  Couteau
  .6

  Pour raccomoder l’Atlas
  .6

  Cayers
  .10

  1 paire Boucles de Côté
  . 7.6

  Un mois de dessein
  3.17.6

  Payé au Cordonnier
  15.9

  A Mr. Pinon pour 1 au [avne]⅓ Serge pour Culottes
  4.13.4

  Pour ses Dimanches du 20e. Juillet au 5e. 7bre
  2

  argent Court.
  £357.16.1

Ces £357.16.1 Court. font argent de france à 14. l.t. 10s. 6.24
  £591. 4.3

Pr. ACQUIT Marignac

Endorsed: M. Marignac for Ben’s Schooling


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Le Roy, [after 20 April 1779]
From: Le Roy, Jean-Baptiste
To: Franklin, Benjamin

[after April 20, 1779]
M. Le Roy prie son illustre ami Monsieur Franklin de vouloir bien s’intéresser auprès de M. De Sartine pour qu’il accorde à M. Wibert, Lieutenant-Colonel au Service des Etats unis, son passage sur le vaisseau qui portera M. Le Chr. De La Luzerne en amèrique. Monsieur Franklin se rappellera sans doute que M. Adams pendant son sejour ici a donné en plusieurs Occasions les tèmoignages les plus avantageux à M. Wibert et que cet officier ayant eté pris les armes à la main dans le fort Washington a eté depuis ce tems là Jusqu’au commencement de cette annèe prisonnier des Anglois qui l’ont traité avec toute la dureté possible comme ètant francois et pris au service des Amèricains. Enfin Monsieur Franklin se rappellera que c’est lui même qui a conseillé à M. Wibert de repasser en amèrique pour se faire payer de ses appointemens dont il n’a pas touché un sol depuis plus de trois ans ou depuis le tems qu’il a eté pris par les Anglois &c.

Notation: Le Roy.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to John Adams, 21 April 1779
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Adams, John

Sir,
Passy April 21. 1779
I have received your two Favours of the 13th. Inst. I am much obliged to you for undertaking the Trouble of contenting the Officers and People of the Alliance. I must now beg leave to make a little Addition to that Trouble, by requesting your Attention to the Situation of the Officers and Sailors, late Prisoners in England, which Mr. Williams will acquaint you with; and that you would likewise Order for them such Necessarys and Comforts as we can Afford. I wish we were able to do all they want and desire, but the Scantiness of our Funds & the Multitude of Demands prevent it.
The English Papers talk much of their Apprehensions about Spain: I hope they have some Foundation.
With great Esteem, I have the honour to be Sir Your most obedient & most humble Servant
B Franklin
Honble John Adams Esqre


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to John Quincy Adams, 21 April 1779
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Adams, John Quincy

Dear Master Johnny
Passy, April 21 1779
I am glad you have seen Brest and the fleet there. It must give you an Idea of the Naval force of this Kingdom, which you will long retain with Pleasure.
I caused the Letters you inclosed to me to be carefully delivered, but have not received Answers to be sent you.
Benjamin whom you so kindly remember would have been glad to hear of your Welfare; but he is gone to Geneva. As he is destined to live in a Protestant Country, & a Republic, I thought it best, to finish his Education, where the proper Principles prevail.
I heartily wish you a good Voyage & happy sight of your Mama; being really your Affectionate friend
BF.
young M. Adams


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Alexander Gillon, 21 April 1779
From: Gillon, Alexander
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Hotel d’Orleans rue St. Anne 21st. April 1779
As I propose setting off to morrow morning, I shall esteem it a particular favour if your Excellency will be pleas’d to send me per. the Bearer, the Pass I requested of you (when I had the pleasure of seeing you last) for Capt. Joyner & Self, with Servants & Baggage to Holland thro Flanders, & as we propose returning by the Sea Coast, so as to Visit Havre de Grace & perhaps St Maloes, will thank you for extending it to there, & to return here if you think it necessary.— America in General, as well as So. Carolina will be much indebted to your Excellency, if you’ll be pleas’d to Second my application to His Excellency Mr. de Sartine, for either Selling me the three Frigates wanted, lending me the Money on that States Security to Build them, or if that does not Suit, then for this Government to Join in the Security for the Sum Wanted to those that will lend it me, this latter request can so readily be complied with, that I dare hardly entertain the most distant Idea of its being refus’d. To your personal intercession then do I confide & am with much truth
Your Excellencys Most Obedt hble Servt—
A. Gillon
To His Exclly Benja. Franklin Esqre.

Notation: A. Gillon 21. Ap. 79.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Alexander Gillon, 21 April 1779
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Gillon, Alexander

Sir
Passy April 21st. 1779
Inclosed is the Passport you desire, with which I heartily wish you a good Journey and all the success you hope for. You may depend on my doing what I can for you, but do not depend on my succeeding. I have understood since I saw you, that these Applications of particular States are not agreeable. It is said, that if they are comply’d with, they will encrease, and there is no knowing where they will end: And that all Aids should regularly be apply’d for by the Congress, who can best judge what are necessary and in what proportions, and who alone, by our Constitution, can stipulate with this Court concerning the Terms.
I have the Honor to be with great Esteem &c
Honble. Commodore Gillon


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Schweighauser, 21 April 1779
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Schweighauser, Jean-Daniel

Sir
Passy, April 21 1779
I duly received yours of the 8th inst. I approve of the Assistance you have afforded the American Prisoners. You will consult with M. Adams and take his Directions for what may be farther necessary. I have accepted your late Bills for Livs, and am with great esteem &c—
M Schweighauser


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Abbé François Rozier, 21 April 1779
From: Rozier, abbé François
To: Franklin, Benjamin

monsieur
Paris 21 avril 1779.
Permettés moi de vous prier de me communiquer votre memoire sur L’aurore Boréale, Pour L’imprimer dans Le journal de physique. J’ose vous faire cette demande au nom de Tous Les physiciens. Vous savés combien tout ce qui sort de votre Plume est interressant Pour eux. Le mercure de France en donnera un extrait, mais un extrait n’est Bon que pour ceux qui ne s’occupent pas Bien sérieusement. Le journal de physique au contraire qui ne parle ni de comedie, ni des Bouquets à cloris et est fait pour Les Travailleurs et en Travailleurs vous demandent Leur instruction.
Je suis avec Respect Monsieur Votre tres humble et très obeissant serviteur
L’abbé Rozier
M. franclin

Notation: L’abbe Rozier Paris 21e aout 1779


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Sartine, 21 April 1779
From: Sartine, Antoine-Raymond-Gualbert-Gabriel de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

à Versailles le 21. Avril 1779.
J’ai l’honneur de vous informer, que Mr. Deshayes Commissaire des Classes à Cherbourg represente qu’il arrive journellement d’Angleterre des Sujets des Etats Unis qui se trouvent sans ressources et qu’il seroit a désirer que vous voulussiez bien nommer un Agent dans ce Port pour pourvoir dans ces Occasions à leurs Besoins. Ce Commissaire s’est jusqu’a present chargé de cet objet de depense, dont il tient un Compte Séparé. Je vous prie, Monsieur, de me faire connoitre vos intentions à cet Egard et si vous jugez à propos que M. Deshayes continue de prendre les soins nécessaires aux Prisoniers Americains et de tenir un Compte des Dépenses qu’ils auront occasionnés.
J’ai l’honneur d’être avec la Consideration la plus distinguée, Monsieur, Votre tres humble et très obeissant Serviteur
(signé) De Sartine
M. Franklin.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Samuel Cooper, 22 April 1779
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Cooper, Samuel

My dear Friend
Passy, April 22. 1779.
I received your valuable Letter by the Marquis de la Fayette; and another by Mr. Bradford. I can now only write a few Words in Answer to the latter, the former not being at Hand.— The Depreciation of our Money must, as you observe, greatly affect Salary Men, Widows & Orphans. Methinks this Evil deserves the Attention of the several Legislatures and ought if possible to be remedied by some equitable Law, particularly adapted to their Circumstances. I took all the Pains I could in Congress to prevent the Depreciation by proposing first that the Bills should bear Interest; this was rejected, and they were struck as you see them. Secondly, after the first Emission, I proposed that we should stop, strike no more, but borrow on Interest those we had issued. This was not then approved of and more Bills were issued.— When from the two great Quantity they began to depreciate, we agreed to borrow on Interest, and I propos’d that in order to fix the Value of the Principal, the Interest should be promis’d in hard Dollars. This was objected to as impracticable: but I still continue of Opinion, that by sending out Cargoes to purchase it we might have brought in Money sufficient for that Purpose, as we brought in Powder, &c; and that tho’ this Operation might have been attended with some Disadvantage, the Loss would have been a less Mischief than that attending the Discredit of the Bills, which threatens to take out of our Hands the great Instrument of our Defence. The Congress did at last come into the Proposal of paying the Interest in real Money: But when the whole Mass of the Currency was under Way in Depreciation, the Momentum of its Descent was too great to be stopt by a Power that might at first have been sufficient to prevent the Beginning of the Motion. The only Remedy now seems to be a Diminution of the Quantity by a vigorous Taxation, of great nominal Sums, which the People are more able to pay in Proportion to the Quantity & diminished Value; and the only Consolation under the Evil is that the Publick Debt is proportionably diminish’d; with the Depreciation; —and this by a Kind of imperceptible Tax, every one having paid a Part of it in the Fall of Value that took Place between his Receiving and Paying such Sums as pass’d thro’ his Hands. For it should always be remembered that the original Intention was to sink the Bills by Taxes, which as effectually extinguish the Debt as an actual Redemption.— This Effect of Paper Currency is not understood on this Side of the Water.— And indeed the whole is a Mistery even to the Politicians; how we have been able to continue a War four years without Money; & how we could pay with Paper that had no previously fix’d fund appropriated specifically to redeem it.— This Currency as we manage it is a wonderful Machine. It performs its Office when we issue it; it pays & clothes Troops, & provides Victuals & Ammunition; and when we are oblig’d to issue a Quantity excessive, it pays itself off by depreciation.
Our Affairs in general stand in a fair Light thro’out Europe. Our Cause is universally approved. Our Constitutions of Government have been translated & printed in most Languages, and are so much admired for the Spirit of Liberty that reigns in them, that it is generally agreed we shall have a vast Accession of People of Property after the War, from every Part of this Continent, as well as from the British Islands. We have only to persevere to be great & happy. With the sincerest Esteem, I am ever, Dear Friend Yours most affectionately
BF

P.S. My Respects to Messrs. Bowdoin, Winthrop, Quincy, &c.
Dr. Cooper


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Jane Mecom, 22 April 1779
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Mecom, Jane

Dear Sister,
Passy April 22d. 1779.
I received your kind Letter of Jan. 4. which gave me the Satisfaction of knowing that you were well, and comfortably situated among your Friends. You mention other Letters you have written, but they are not come to hand. Dont however be discouraged from writing as often as you can; for I am uneasy when long without hearing from you; and the Chance is greater that one Letter out of many should arrive, than one out of a few. I have written to Mr. Williams to assist you from time to time, as you may have occasion: and I confide in his readiness to do every thing necessary for you, as I know he Esteems you, and I have always reimbursed him. If you do not hear from me so often as formerly, impute it to the too much Business upon my Hands and the Miscarriage of Letters, or any thing rather than a diminution of Affection. I have seen nothing of Mr. Casey, whom you mention as the Bearer of your Letter. I suppose he did not come to Paris.
As to myself, I continue to enjoy, Thanks to God, a greater Share of Health and Strength than falls to the Lot of many at my Age. I have indeed sometimes moderate Fits of the Gout; but I think it is not settled among the Pysicians whether that is a Disease or a Remedy. I live about two Miles out of the City, in a great Garden, that has pleasant Walks in which I can take Exercise in a good Air, the Situation being high and dry. The Village has many good Houses & good Families, with whom I live in Friendship, and pass a Leisure Hour, when I have one, with pleasure. The French in general are an amiable People, and I have the good Fortune to enjoy as much of the Esteem and Affection of all Ranks, as I have any Pretensions to. Temple continues with me; but I have last Week sent Benny to Geneva, where there are as good Schools as here, & where he will be educated a Republican and a Protestant, which could not be so conveniently done at the Schools in France. My Love to all that love you, and believe me ever, my Dear Sister, Your affectionate Brother
B Franklin
Mrs: Meacom

Addressed: To, / Mrs Meacom / at Govr Greens, Warwick / Rhode Island.