Title: From George Washington to the Board of Admiralty, 29 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Board of Admiralty

Gentlemen
Head Quarters Morris Town 29th May 1780

This will be delivered to you by Captain Van Dyck formerly of New York—This Gentleman was a Captain in the five Months service of that State in the year 1776 and was made a prisoner in evacuating the City

the same year. He was treated by the enemy with uncommon rigor during the whole time of a long Captivity, owing, as is supposed, to the influence of those persons who remained voluntarily in the town, and to whom he was particularly obnoxious on account of his fixed opposition to their measures from the commencement of the dispute. The little property he was possessed of fell into the hands of the enemy, and as no provision has been made for him, either in the Army or the State, he has been reduced to a condition truly distressing— From a knowledge of his character and his circumstances, I have long wished for an opportunity of recommending him to some employment in which he might be of service to his Country, at the same time that he procured a subsistence for himself and family—One seems now to offer—Capt. Van Dyck having been an officer of Marines in the last War, is desirous of trying his fortune in that way now. I will therefore take the liberty to recommend him to a Captaincy in that line, from a conviction that no man, considering his Abilities, has made greater sacrifices for the Cause, or is more deserving of public notice. Should no such place be at present vacant, he would in the mean time enter on Board one of the Frigates in any other station which would not be deemed incompatible with his former Rank and services—In committing him to the patronage of the Board I am convinced I give him the best chance of meeting with some compensation for the hardships—and losses which he has experienced on account of his steady adherence to the cause of his Country. I have the honor &c.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Elias Dayton, 29 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Dayton, Elias

Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town 29th May 1780

The intercourse between the inhabitants of the States and the Citizens of New York, by means of the Flag Boats which pass from the latter to Elizabeth Town, has become so very frequent that it excites suspicions and jealousies in the minds of many of the well affected among us, and puts it much in the power of the Enemy to gain intelligence, and to propagate injurious reports, thro’ the channel of persons who come over, under the pretence of meeting their friends upon business merely,

of a private nature—To put a stop, as far as possible, to this growing evil, you will be pleased to comply strictly with the following instructions.
The Flag Boats to be ordered to come to, at a convenient distance from Elizabeth Town point—an Officer to go immediately on Board—who is to transmit all letters; and papers to the Commanding Officer at Elizabeth Town and make report to him of the passengers—The Officer to remain constantly on board till the Flag is discharged wch should be as s⟨oo⟩n as possible.
No person or persons to be allowed to come on shore from the Flag Boat, except prisoners of War whose exchanges or paroles have been regularly negotiated by the respective Commissaries—or those of any other description having permissions in writing from Congress—the Board of War—The Legislative or Executive authorities of the States—or the Commander in Chief—nor is the flag to be suffered to remain till this can be obtained.
No person or persons to be allowed on any pretence whatever to pass to New York or Staten Island or to go on Board any Flag Boat upon its arrival, except prisoners of War under the circumstances before mentioned, or those having permissions in writing from the several powers before recited.
The foregoing rules of conduct if punctually obeyed, will effectually put a stop to all improper personal intercourse under cover of Flags—but there is another of a nature no less pernicious, to check which is one of the principal motives of your being stationed at Elizabeth Town—it is the traffic carried on privately with New York. You are, I imagine, well acquainted with the channels through which this commerce generally passes, I need therefore only recommend to you in the strongest manner to make use of every measure to break it off totally.
It behoves us just now, more than ever, to keep the Enemy intirely ignorant of our movements or designs—It will be impossible to do either while an intercourse almost uninterrupted prevails. This I hope will be a further incentive to your exerting yourself to render the communication less frequent.
Nothing in the foregoing is meant to extend to persons whom you may find it expedient to send over or to admit for particular purposes. I am Sir Your most Obet hum. Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Huntington, 29 May 1780
From:
To:

  sir,
  Philadelphia May 29. 1780

  I have been honoured with your Letter of the 19th Instant covering duplicate Despatches for Governor Rutledge, one of which I sent forward by Express the same Hour it came to hand, and sent the other by the Post.
  Enclosed your Excellency will receive an Act of Congress of the 26th Instant submitting to your Discretion the mode of carrying into Execution the Act of Congress of the 21st of April respecting an Agent or Commissary of Prisoners.
  I have also enclosed a Copy of the Communication received from the Minister of France of the 16th Instant, which should have accompanied my former Despatches with the Acts of Congress of the 17th & 20th Instant; of which last mentioned Acts I have also enclosed Copies, there being an Error committed by the Secretary in the former Copy, which you will please to note, in the Act of the 20th, The Committee at Head Quarters are said to be requested to confer with the Minister of France, on the means of supplying the Forces of his most Christian Majesty &c., whereas it should be, the Committee who brought in the report as expressed in the Copy enclosed.
  We still remain in anxious Suspense respecting the Fate of Charles Town. I have the honour to be with the highest respect & Consideration your Excelly’s most obedt & most humble servant

  Sam. Huntington President


Title: Enclosure: La Luzerne to the Continental Congress, 16 May 1780
From: La Luzerne, Anne-César, chevalier de
To: Continental Congress

Philadelphia May 16th 1780

The underwritten Minister of France has the Honor to inform Congress, that the King in pursuance of his affection and friendship for the United States, and the desire he has to put an end by effectual measures to the calamities of the present War, has resolved to send to this Continent a supply of Troops to Act against the Common Enemy and a Fleet to second the Operations of the Land forces. As the plan of the Campaign must be settled by Congress, the Marquis de la Fayette will for that purpose receive the communications of Congress & will on his part propose measures necessary to give success to the operations. But as much depends on secresy and dispatch, and as Congress will without doubt, find it absolutely necessary to consult the Commander in Chief, the Chevr de La Luzerne entreats this Assembly to consider whether it will not be most adviseable on this occasion to appoint without the least delay, a small Committee with proper instructions to go to head Quarters, and there settle the measures to be pursued immediately on the arrival of the Land forces under the command of the Count de Rochambeau Lieut. General of the King’s Armies, and of the Chevr de Ternay Commander of the Fleet, on what part soever of the Continent they shall have orders to Land.
As the measures necessary for a supply of provisions for the Auxiliary troops will require the concurrence of the Legislatures and Governors of different States and especially those of Rhode island, Connecticut, New York & New Jersey; the Underwritten Minister entreats Congress to empower the said Committee to support the steps which the French General or the Chevr de La Luzerne or the Commissaries of War by

them appointed shall have occasion to take with the different Legislatures; And for this purpose to give the Members who compose the Committee such powers as the Wisdom of Congress shall judge proper.
Another object which After what is already Mentioned requires all the attention of Congress is that of intelligence which it is of the utmost importance to procure touching the forces, the situation & the resources of the Enemy at the different posts occupied by them on this Continent—The Chevr de la Luzerne therefore desires that Congress will be pleased to name a Committee to collect immediately all the information and particular accounts they are Masters of touching the ports of North America now in possession of the English from Halifax to St Augustine; Comprehending Canada; the depth of the bays, Creeks & harbours, the forces that are there, the posts & fortresses there erected; the disposition and number of the Inhabitants, the resources for provisions And in general whatever can contribute to the success of Operations. It is also to be wished that the Committee be empowered to correspond so long as it shall be necessary with the different parts of the Continent from whence Information can be derived, in order that the Commanding Officers of Expeditions having always the freshest intelligence may form their plans upon the surest foundation.
The Minister of France desires that the Committee be instructed to communicate to him the discoveries they shall make, so far as Congress shall find no inconvenience from the Communication. But however necessary dispatch may be in these matters the Chevr de La Luzerne entreats Congress not to enter into the consideration of them until the subject mentioned in the beginning of this Memoir is finally settled.
Doctr Franklin has without doubt informed Congress of the steps he has taken to send to this Continent Arms, Ammunition & Cloathing, as well as the means adopted by the Court of Versailles to facilitate the Loan of three Millions of Livres which that Minister has borrowed for defraying the expence & answering the bills drawn on him by Congress, the Chevalier de La Luzerne will not therefore enter into a detail on that subject.
He cannot finish this Memoire without congratulating the American Senate on the Zeal and Ardor Manifested on all sides to render the ensuing Campaign decisive and to make the most vigorous attacks upon the Common enemy, to drive them from this Continent without hopes of a return, and to establish for ever the liberty of the Thirteen United States. Never were circumstances more favourable. The Enemy pressed on all sides is not in condition to make an effectual resistance, the American forces are more respectable than they ever were heretofore. Those of the King bring to this Continent the most sincere desire to second the generous efforts of their Allies. And the two Nations closely

United for the success of their combined Operations will only seek to destinguish themselves by their Zeal and attachment to the Common cause.


Title: General Orders, 30 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters Morristown Tuesday May 30th 80
Parole Fortune.  Countersigns Fame; France.

[Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Colonel Livingston[,] Major Trescott[,] Brigade Major 2nd Connecticut brigade

For manœuvring Tomorrow morning 6 o clock Lieutenant Colonels Commandant Butler and Hubly; Majors Torrey and Stewart; Brigade Major 1st Connecticut Brigade to attend the formation of the Battalions; Hand’s and Stark’s Brigades give the Adjutants; Colours from the 2nd Connecticut and Stark’s.
The Commander in Chief is pleased to Order a release of all prisoners now under Confinement except prisoners of war and those of the Connecticutt Brigade who were confined for Mutiny; Obrian late Provost Marshal to return to his duty in the Regiment from whence he was taken.
At a General Court martial of the Line whereof Colonel Ganzevoort is President May 20th Mr Alexander Church superintendant of Co[n]tinental horses was tried.
1st For supporting at public Expence 6 horses or more which he claimed as private property.
2dly For appropriating to his own use a Waggon and four horses which he claimed as his own and for receiving public hire for the same, and public Forage for the Horses.
3dly For permitting two men employed under him to purchase poor horses in the Continental Yard and fatten them on public Forage.
4thly For taking a horse out of the Continental Yard at his own estimation or price of Thirty three dollars which was worth one Thousand and for feeding him on public Forage.
The Court are of opinion that the Charges are not supported and do therefore fully acquit Mr Church.
The Commander in Chief approves the opinion of the Court.
Mr Church is released from his Arrest.


Title: To George Washington from the Board of War, 30 May 1780
From: Board of War
To: Washington, George

Sir
War Office [Philadelphia] May 30th 1780.

The board do themselves the honor to inclose to your Excellency, the proceedings of a General Court Martial, held at Philadelphia on the 19th instant, for the Trial of Capt. Coren, & Capt. Lieutenant Godfrey.
With respect to Capt. Coren, the board beg leave to transmit the proceedings of another Court Martial on a former occasion, conceiving it to be proper that Your Excellency should be informed of all the circumstances attending him. I have the honor to be with the highest respect Yr Excellency’s Most Obedt Hble Serv.

by ordrBen. Stoddert Secy


Title: To George Washington from Elias Boudinot, 30 May 1780
From: Boudinot, Elias
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Baskinridge [N.J.] May 30th 1780

It would have given me great Pleasure to have been favoured with your Company on Thursday, but am fully convinced of the necessity of Business being attended to; whenever your Excellency can spare a day I shall think myself very happy in being honored by a Visit.
The Person referred to in your Postscript, is a Major Ward of the new Levies, who has made very full Offers of this kind, on condition of his future acceptance with our Government—I propose applying to the Govr & Councill for this Purpose, without mentioning Names, if your Excellency thinks it proper—His Situation & advantages for Communication exceed any Persons that I know of—It is some time, since I had any Communication with him, but then he was anxiously desirous of being employed in any manner so as to make up with his Country.
Mrs Boudinot & Miss Susan join me in the most respectfull Compliments And have the Honor to be Dr Sir Your most Obedt Hble Servt

E. Boudinot


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Daniel Brodhead, 30 May 1780
From: Brodhead, Daniel
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Fort Pitt [Pa.] May 30th 1780.

Since my last, ten persons have been killed wounded & taken by the Indians in Westmoreland County. Parties of Regulars & Militia have endeavoured to overtake them but without success.

The accounts I have received relative to the British Garrison at Detroit differ widely, some making it to consist of only two hundred men, some three hundred, & others upwards of four hundred. This has determined me to send Captain Brady with five white men & two Delaware Indians to Sandusky to endeavour to take a british Prisoner, which I hope he will effect. I have likewise offered other Delaware Warriors fifty hard Dollars worth of Goods for one british Soldier & they have promised to bring him immediately. Should an intelligent one be brought in, I intend to offer him some indulgence, upon his giving me the most perfect intelligence in his power.
I had lately called out 825 Rank & file & a proportionate number of Officers from the militia to aid me upon an enterprize against the Shawnese Towns, But upon finding the true State of what Provisions could be drawn from the Commissaries, and that they were prohibited from making further Purchases, I was compelled to postpone the attempt, untill a sufficient quantity of provisions can be procured.
The Militia appear to be very anxious to aid me and I sincerely wish it was in my power to indulge them.
I expect a small supply of Salt provisions from below the mountains, which, if it proves to be of a good quality, will enable me to subsist the dependant posts, untill the first of September.
The Soldiers frequently Desert, and are often Apprehended, and I expect sundry charges will soon be exhibited against some of the civil staff officers in this District. I shall therefore be much oblidged for a few more blank orders, to enable me, to assemble General Courts martial for their respective Trials.
I cannot learn that the ordnance & Stores ordered from Philada have yet left Carlisle, nor do I know of what kind they are, or what their number, or quantity. I have the Honor to be with the most sincere respect & esteem your Excellencies most Obedt Servt

Daniel Brodhead


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General James Clinton, 30 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, James

Sir,
Head qrs [Morristown] May 30 1780

I informed You yesterday morning, that I had received certain advices that a body of the Enemy from Canada, computed at about Five Hundred under Sir John Johnson had penetrated into the State of New York, by way of the Mohawk river, as far as Johns Town, and seemed as if they were about to take post there, and that there were other accounts received through prisoners who had escaped from Canada, that a larger force than this was assembling at Montreal about the last of April, intended as it was said, to make an expedition against Fort Schuyler. How far this last information is true is a matter we cannot ascertain; but it is of infinite importance that the communication with that post should be opened, and a quantity of provision thrown into the Garrison as early as possible for the support of the Troops. At present it is cut off, or at least it was when I received my advices, by the position the Enemy had taken at Johns Town.
You will therefore proceed with your Brigade, which is already in motion, with all the expedition You can, consistent with the health of the Men, to King’s ferry by the best & most direct route, where You will embark the Troops in Boats directed to be prepared for the purpose and go to New Windsor. At this place it is expected that there will be Sloops provided by the State, according to a requisition which has been made, for transporting the Troops to Albany, where they cannot arrive too soon. After You arrive at Albany, your future conduct must

be governed by your own discretion—the information You receive with respect to the Enemy above—and the exigency of the service; but You are to remember however, that it is of the greatest importance to open the communication with the Garrison at Fort Schuyler and to throw into their relief a quantity of provision both flour & Salt meat, and this You will endeavour to effect by every practicable means. I wish if possible that it may be supplied at least with a Hundred Barrels of flour and with the same quantity of Salt meat. A Greater quantity of both will be still better, if it can be procured. You will correspond and advise with His Excellency Governor Clinton upon the occasion, and with respect to all the measures it may be necessary for You to pursue, whom I expect you will meet, either at Kingston or Albany. You will also inform me from time to time of your proceedings. and of every occurrence you may deem material.
With respect to provision for your Troops—I do not know how You will procure it. Their supplies will depend entirely upon your occasional arrangements and the aid of the State. You will look forward to these and of course endeavour to do the best You can to obtain them. I wish You on your march even to the North River, to take every reasonable precaution to prevent your being intercepted by the Enemy, who may possibly attempt it, by sending a Detachment from New York; and in case you move from Albany, either against the Enemy should they remain, or to cover the provisions which may be sent to Fort Schuyler—You will use every possible means, or the Detachment which may be sent for the purpose, to guard against a surprize or being cut off.
You will take every pains to prevent desertions—and will always have your Troops in readiness to rejoin the Army on the shortest notice.
From the situation of the 5th Regiment lately commanded by Colo. Debois with respect to Field Officers—Lt Colo. Willet will take the command of it, till further Orders. I am Dr sir with great regard Yr Most Obedt st

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Elias Dayton, 30 May 1780
From: Dayton, Elias
To: Washington, George

Sir
Elizabeth Town [N.J.] May 30th 1780

Lying Rivingtons account of the reduction of C. Town was Sent of[f] by Col. Stewart without my knowledge. Least it should give your excellency as much pain through the night, as it did me for one hour, I have Sent this & I do venture to assert it to be one of Lying Jemys Aberations; within this hour I have received three diffirent accou[n]ts of its not being beleived in N. York, A variety of reasons are to be given why it should not be beleived, one weighty one with me is the Capt. of the Iris Says the Town surrendered the 12th & he left the port the 17th but has no official accou[n]t nor one single letter on board giveing any account of it beside I know there is a man in New york who will at the risque of his life give me the earleyest intelligence of any rejoicing in consequence of such an account being creadited in the City.
The Naval force in new York the same as mentioned in my last except the Iris she arrived in N.Y. harbor Sunday night or monday m[o]rning, Your Excellencys order of yesterday respecting the flags I have received which shall be punctually obeyed. I have the honor to be your Excellencys most Obedient Hbe Sert

Elias Dayton


Title: To George Washington from James Duane, 30 May 1780
From: Duane, James
To: Washington, George

My dear General
Philadelphia 30th May 1780

Congress are much affected at the Wants and distresses of the Army another Committee is appointed on your Excellency’s late Representation to the Board of War, & a Letter from Commy Blane. It is now found that the Supplies already demanded from the States are incompetent and in some Instances anticipated. It is to be lamented that we were not furnished with better Estimates at first; but we must endeavour to correct the Error; and to face every difficulty with firmness: and to remedy it as speedily & effectually as possible. We have no Authentic Intelligence from Charles Town: Reports thro’ Mr Lawrence (the late President) are to this Effect That our Horse under Cols. White & Washington (who escaped by plunging thro’ a dangerous passage) have again sustained a considerable Loss: a random Conjecture makes it twenty Men & An equal number of Horses, that Fort Moultrie which had before been evacuated to 50 men, surrendered on a formidable Appearance of 1500 of the Enemy and is in their possession: That there

have been two Attacks on our Lines and the Enemy in both repulsed with great Loss. Those Reports appear to me to be slightly founded: Thus much is however certain that on the 16t. of this Month there was no decisive Event which had reached Wilmington; & that we have reason to expect that a vigorous and obstinate Defence is resolved on. In the mean time the severe Season of that Climate swiftly approaches when the Enemy will no longer be able to operate; and when we may expect the Arrival of the Fleet and Troops of our Ally! I have seized a Moment in Congress to give you this imperfect Intelligence; and beg you will pardon my Inexactness: assuring you that with the greatest Respect and Attachment, I have the Honour to be—Dear Sir—your Excellency’s most Affectionate obedient & very humle Servant

Jas Duane


Title: General Orders, 31 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters Morristown Wednesday May 31 1780
Parole Norwalk  Countersigns X:M.

[Officers] Of The Day Tomorrow[:] Colonel Johnson[,] Major Parr[,] Brigade Major 1st Penna Brigade


Title: To George Washington from Captain Moses Ashley, 31 May 1780
From: Ashley, Moses
To: Washington, George

May it please your Excellency—
Highlands [N.Y.] May 31st 1780

With the greatest Submission I would beg leave to lay before your Excellency, my situation: as an Officer under your Command.
At the Commencement of the War, I entered Service, with an intention to remain: untill I saw my Country restor’d to Peace. And ever paid the greatest application, & attention to my Duty.
I have the Honour at present to wear the Commission of a Captain in the first Massachusetts Regiment, in which Rank, I have felt entirely easy: ’till by the Death of Major Allen of the 5th Regiment, a Vacancy was made; which by my Rank: I look upon myself entitled to. The reason of my not applying before this time, was: There being a Vacancy in the 14th Regt previous to that in the 5th And Capt. Wiley who is elder than myself in Rank: being at that time under an arrest. It was matter of doubt which Vacancy would be my right, untill a few days ago (by the Judgment of a Court Martial) Capt. Wiley was acquitted with Honour.
For which reason no application was made to the Genl Assembly of the State of Massachusetts Bay.
By a Resolve of the Honble the Continental Congress, of the 21st of March, Investing the power of Appointments in your Excellency, I would humbly request to know; what I am to expect concerning the mattter.
Your Excellency need not be told, what disagreable feelings must Actuate the mind of an Officer, when he meets with delays in receiving that Promotion: to which he thinks himself intitled, and therefore will excuse the liberty, I take of addressing my General; upon an Occasion in which my Honour & Happiness are so deeply interested. I am with the Greatest Respect and Esteem Your Excellencys Most Obedt Humble Servant

Moses Ashley


Title: To George Washington from James Bowdoin, 31 May 1780
From: Bowdoin, James
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Boston May 31 1780

Since the last Post, by Which I had the Honour of writing to you, I have seen a Gentleman well acquainted with Nova Scotia, and particularly with Halifax, whose account concerning them, I doubt not, may be depended on. It represents the State of things as they were in December last.
Very fortunately I had Some business with him, which gave me a good opportunity of entering into Conversation with him on the military State of that Province: the result of Which is contained in the paper enclosed, whose contents I communicated to majr Genl Heath. The Situation and description of Halifax & its Defences will be made intelligible by the plan, wch accompanies that Paper. If these Papers Should give any valuable information to yr Excy, and our good Allies, it will afford me the highest satisfaction. I have the honour to be with the Sincerest regard Sir Yr Excellency’s most obedt hble Servt

James Bowdoin


Title: From George Washington to the Committee at Headquarters, 31 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Committee at Headquarters

Gentlemen
morris town may 31st 1780

In the expected cooperation it is of great moment that we should proceed with circumspection and on the surest ground—Before we can determine what ought to be undertaken, we should be able to appreciate the means we shall have it in our power to employ—on some precise scale. To begin an enterprise against New York for instance on a general presumption of sufficient resource in the country and proportionable exertions in the respective governments to bring them forth would hardly be justified by success—could never be defended in case of misfortune—to say nothing of the fatal consequences that might ensue. It appears to me necessary to ascertain the number of men and the quantity of supplies which the states are capable of furnishing in a given time, and to obtain assurances from them founded on experience of their continuing supplies in the same proportion.
I esteem the plan adopted by the Committee in their circular letter an extremely good preparatory one—but I think it of indispensable importance in the next place to come to something fixed and determinate. I therefore take the liberty to submit to The Committee the necessity and propriety of calling immediately upon the states for specific aids of men provision forage and the means of transportation.

To enable them to judge of the number of men we shall want the following observations may be of use.
Our arrangements should be made on the principle of the greatest enterprise we can undertake and against the whole force of the enemy united—that is an enterprise against New York with the troops acting to the Southward added to its present Garrison.
The enemy’s force at New York on this supposition cannot be estimated lower than fifteen thousand regular Troops—besides refugees and militia which are said to amount to four or five thousand; but let the whole be estimated at 17.500.
Double this number is the least we can ask to operate against it—that is 35000 effective men besides two small corps one at West Point the other in the Jerseys for covering our communications and attacking Powles Hook if the enemy retain possession of that post—In Europe to besiege troops in fortified places, the proportion of men necessary is computed at six to one in favour of the besiegers. We cannot ask less than two to one against New York, allowing us the command of the water which will be a material advantage.
The corps of French troops will probably not exceed on their arrival five thousand effective men—the residue of 30000 must be furnished by us together with about fifteen hundred for the two detachments abovementioned.
To have this effective force our total at the lowest calculation cannot be less than 40.000—rank and file.
The batalions in this quarter completed by drafts as recommended by the Committee in their circular letter will amount to 22680—the ballance of—17320 must consist of Militia.
These must be furnished by the States from New Hampshire to Maryland inclusive according to the proximity and ability of each—It is proposed that they be assembled at appointed places of rendezvous by the last of June—to serve for three, at least two months after joining the army.
I have had estimates formed which are inclosed for the consideration of The Committee—of the quantity of provisions requisite for the supply of an army of 40,000 men for a month—of forage for the same period—and of horses and waggons for the campaign attached to the army. other estimates are annexed apportioning these to the States from New Hampshire to Virginia inclusive—having regard to the resources of each and their relative position to the probable scene of our operations.
My idea is to call upon those states to furnish their quotas by the last of June and to give explicit information how far it will be in their power to keep up the supplies in the same proportion to the last of November.

This brings the business to a point. The states must either give us what we want in the time required—or manifest their inability to do it—and we can take our measures accord[ing]ly—Particular commonly make a livelier impression than general ideas—If we only urge the states to adopt a plan for bringing forth all its resources—they may proceed on some vague notion of the extent of our wants, and satisfy themselves with arrangements which though ample enough to be plausible may yet fall far short of the object—If we make a demand of definite aids, they will have a fixed point to regulate themselves by and their measures will be equal to it, if they are in a condition to command the means. In my opinion requisitions of this nature will at once serve to guide and stimulate. At any rate their operation will inform us what we have to expect and what we ought to do.
I have one doubt of the expediency of immediately calling for the Militia—which is that it may possibly operate to the prejudice of the proposed draft for the Continental batalions— But there is in all probability so little space between this and the execution of our projects that we seem to have not a moment to lose—I am clear in the expediency of asking specific supplies.
It appears to me essential that there should be a perfect understanding on all hands—that the states should know our wants—what is expected by us—that we should know their abilities—what we may expect from them. I should not fear to discourage by alarming them with the largeness of our demands—if it could be supposed they would not bear the knowlege of our wants, we could not flatter ourselves they would supply them. But their wisdom and patriotism will certainly do everything their resources will permit.
If the Committee should desire a conference on these subjects, I shall do myself the honor to attend them whenever & wherever they please. With perfect respect and esteem I have the honor to be Gentlemen Your most Obedt & humble ser.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Elias Dayton, 31 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Dayton, Elias

Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town 31st May 1780.

I recd your favr of the 28th: That of yesterday reached me late last Night. I most sincerely wish that your suspicions of the truth of Rivingtons publication may prove well grounded, but I confess it bears too many marks of authenticity. Should you receive any further confirmation of your opinion be pleased to let me have it.
It was always my intention that your own Regiment should remain with you at Elizabeth Town, and I mentioned it to Genl Maxwell. A compleat Corps is more to be depended upon than one composed of detachments. I am Sir Yr most obt Servt

Go: Washington

P.S. You should without loss of time be making your arrangements for defence, in case the Enemy should make an attempt upon you. A strong stone House was mentioned by Mr Caldwell, which might be put in a situation to receive you if attacked, and which might be defended untill a support could be brought up.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 31 May 1780
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Highlands [N.Y.] 31st may 1780

I am very sensible of the Embarrassments & perplexities you mention in your private letter, they would I am certain have depress’d, and perhaps subdued almost any mind but yours, and I have often thought, and frequently said, that the difficulties you Encounter and surmount give you more intrinsic Merit than the Victories others have obtain’d; and this I doubt not History will hereafter Justify to the World, When your Enemies (for Even you Sir are not without them) are Forgotten. chide Me not my Dear General When these sentiments Escape me, they are the Effusions of Truth from an Heart that Loves you. The communications you would favour me With were it not too precarious to commit them to paper, Excite in me a Strong desire to see you, were it only for two days, could not your Excellency upon the arrival of General Heath Call me up for a day or two without inconvenience to Service. for it is only upon that footing I could desire it. I have had nothing worth mentioning from new york lately——has sent down an observant man and I have some correspondts in their City. The Enemy have not yet returnd to their owners the Horses they have impress’d, Which looks like using them again; indeed I expect they will Forage in Force as frequently as possible. I have the Honour to be my Dear General With great Respect and Sincere affection your Excellency’s Most obt Servt

R. Howe


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 31 May 1780
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Highlands [N.Y.] 31st May 1780

The inclos’d Copy of a Letter from Governor Trumbull received last Night, I transmit your Excellency without Delay, & should wish to receive your Directions thereupon—The Incursions of the Enemy into this State, & that of Connecticut, the Injuries the[y] do the Inhabitants, & the Benefits the[y] derive from the Supplies they obtain thereby must excite an earnest Desire in every Bosom to prevent a Repetition of such Operations if possible—But while they act with Horse it will be out of our Power to effect this without we make Use of Horse also—For had it not been for the Movements made by my Direction Under Col. Putnam in Consequence of the Intelligence I had of their Intentions the other Day, the whole Country between Golden & the New Bridge, & as far this Way as Crompond would have been ravaged without my being able to counteract their Designs—for they proceeded with a pretty smart Body of Horse within a Mile of the Croton, & laid aside their Intention & retired, only because Col. Putnam was advanc’d. This Detachment however, I cannot in our present Situation continue out, & when that returns their Operations will probably be resumed—for their Apprehensions of a French Fleet seems to determine them to forage at any Risque.
The Fascin⟨es⟩ yo⟨u w⟩ish me to make Sir, it is out of my Power at present to set about—Even the Fatigue Parties for finishing the Works at this Post are so trifling in Point of Numbers, yet so oppressive as to our Aggregate that little is done, & even that little with Complaints and Murmurings (I am sorry to add) not ill founded.
The Militia of this State embodied for six Months are frequently applying to me for Ammunition, & they have some times been supplied—they are it seems to act with the continental Troops, & in Pay of the Continent. I should be glad to know Sir, whether I may serve out to them occasionally & with Oeconomy Ammunition. Major Mournong is gone down to the Sound, in Order to execute what your Excellency desired in a former Letter, & also to see if he can spirit up the Militia to make Fascines—in which Case He will give them Instructions & return—It appears to me Sir, that it would be preferable to make Fascines principally, rather than Gabions, as the latter not only take a

great Deal of Room in conveying them either by Land or Water, but are so easily injured by Removal, & by lying upon one another, that one half of them probably in being conveyed to any Distance will be rendered unfit for Service, & if Gabions are wanted by breaking up small Fascines they will afford all the Materials for making them except the Uprights, which may be with Ease & Convenience procur’d almost any where—your Excellency will find by Governor Trumbull’s Letter, that a Body of Militia, & State Troops, are to go down to the Sound—these perhaps may be prevail’d upon to exert themselves in Fascine making, & I shall Sir, if you chuse it apply to them upon this Subject as soon as I hear of their Arrival. The Transport Boats ordered to King’s Ferry, I directed to be there at the Time appointed—& they are I presume now lying there.
By Desire of Capt. Ashley I inclose your Excellency a Letter of his—He complains that he was intitled to a Vacancy previous to the Resolution of Congress requesting the State’s not to fill Vacancies, & urges some other Circumstances which make his Case a special one, & worthy, in my Opinion, of Attention—these Details I presume are given you in his Letter, & from the Character I have had of him He has Merit. I have the Honor to be with the greatest Respect & Regard Dear Sir your Excellency’s most obedient Humble Servant

Robert Howe


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 31 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

Sir
Head qrs Morris Town May 31st 1780

Colo. Sherburne I expect will have the honor of presenting this Letter to your Excellency. This Gentleman entered into the Army at the beginning of the War and from that time to this has served his Country as a brave & good Officer. His conduct in attempting to relieve the post at the Cedars in 1776 was distinguished, and will be recollected by Congress. In the beginning of 1777 from the opinion I entertained of his merit—I appointed him, under the powers with which I had been honoured, to the command of One of the 16 Additional Regiments in which he has acted to the present time with credit & reputation. It has been found necessary among other arrangements to reduce this Regiment and incorporate the Men in others, from its very weak state and from there being no prospect that it would be ever recruited. From this circumstance Colo. Sherburne is now without any command in the Army. I have been informed that he has some business to transact with Congress & have thought it but justice to his services & merit to give him this testimonial. I have the Honor to be with the highest respect Yr Excellency’s &c.

G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 31 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town 31st May 1780

I am sorry that I am under the necessity of transmitting the inclosed Gazette extraordinary to your Excellency, by which it appears that Charles town surrendered to the Enemy on the 12th Instant—You probably will, by the time this reaches you, have received a confirmation of this unfortunate event, directly from Carolina. I have the honor to be with the greatest Respect Yr Excellency’s Most obt and humble Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Huntington, 31 May 1780
From: Huntington, Samuel
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia May 31. 1780

By the Act of Congress of the 30th Instant herewith enclosed your Excellency will observe, they deem it not expedient at present to make any partial Reduction in the Army of the United States.
This Resolution passed in Consequence of a report from the Committee at Head Quarters for reducing some of the New York Battallions, and a Petition from a Number of the Officers in those Battallions, earnestly intreating they might not be constrained to leave the Service now at the Opening of the Campaign.
Your Excellencys Despatches of the 27th Instant have been received, and laid before Congress. It is painful to reflect upon the Distresses and Difficulties therein mentioned I presume Congress will not be wanting on their part to do every thing within the Compass of their Power to remove them. I have the honour to be with the highest respect your Excelly’s hbble servant

Sam. Huntington President


Title: From George Washington to Jeremiah Powell, 31 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Powell, Jeremiah

Sir
Head Qrs Morris Town May 31st 1780

I had the Honor Three days ago to receive your Letter of the [ ] Instant, covering a Resolve of your Honourable assembly, for annexing Colo. Jackson’s Regiment to the line of the State—and an Act for

preventing & punishing Desertion &c. I shall take an early occasion agreable to the desire of the Assembly, to arrange & number this Regiment.
I have the honor to inclose the Draft of a proclamation, founded in the spirit of the Act with respect to Deserters, Copies of which you will be pleased to have printed and dispersed through the State, if you think it proper. This Act in it’s design, appears well calculated to answer the Objects of it, and if well executed, will have very salutary consequences. There is nothing more injurious to the public and nothing more practised, than engaging Deserters on board privateers and other Armed Vessels—and our exertions cannot be too great to prevent it. I have the honor to be with very great regard & respect Sir Yr Most Obedt sert

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Steuben, May 1780
From: Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, baron von
To: Washington, George

May [1780]

the Inspection established in the Army has hitherto extended only to the Infantry in the Line of the Army the Cavalry Light Infantry & Independent Corps have yet no other Rules than the Articles of War Resolves of Congress & occasional Orders given them, their Discipline & manner of performing the Service is different as they have Commanders who have each prescribed such Rules as they thought proper[.] this Variety is the greater in this part of the Army as it has no Chief to establish uniformity.

the Artillery having a Genl Officer at its head is not subject to that inconvenience the service is more uniform & wants no other inspection but that of its General or persons appointed by him General Knox has however thought proper to appoint an Inspector of Brigade to receive the Instructions of the Inspector General & introduce them into the Artillery.
By a Resolve of Congress of Jany last the Department of Muster M[aste]r was annexed to the Inspection by which arrangement every part of the Army without exception must be reviewed & musterd by the Inspectors & an exact account given of the Men Horses Arms Accoutrements Cloathing Camp Equipage & every thing belonging to the Continent.
The Department having become thus extensive, will require an additional number of Officers, & spicific Instructions on the Duties of the Inspector General, Inspectors & Sub-inspectors, the following resolution will be necessary—That the Department of Inspector Genl shall in future consist of the following officers Viz.
1st An Inspector General.
2—An Assistant Inspector General—to be the A[d]jut[ant] Genl for the time being.
3d An Inspector for each Division of the Army to be a Colo. or Lt Colo. in the Line.
4. A sub Inspector for each Brigade, to be a Major or one of the eldest Captains of the Brigade.
5—An Inspector for the Artillery, Artificers Genls Guard & all detached Corps of Infantry as also for the Militia which may Join the Army—to be a Colo. or Lt Colo. & to have under his Direction two Sub Inspector of Artillery nominated by General Knox one for the main Army & one for the Southern Department.
6. An Inspector for the Cavalry who shall be a Colo. or Lt Colonel & have under his direction two sub Inspectors one for the Cavalry in the Northern & the other for the Cavalry in the Southern Department.
for this last plan I would propose Maj. Galvan.
The two Inspectors for the Artillery & Cavalry to be always near Head Quarters where the Inspector Generals Office will be established, from whence they will receive their Instruction.
In consideration of the multiplicity of Business the Inspector General will have he shall, in addition to the two Aids allowed him as Major General, be permitted to take one or two Officers from the Line as Aids De Camp to assist in the business of his Office.
That he be also allowed as many Orderly Dragoons as occasion may require to distribute his orders to the Inspectors & for every other

Military purpose necessary and in travelling from one part of the Army to another he shall have a Sufficient Guard of Cavalry to escort him.
that he be allowed a Coverd Waggon with the necessary Chests for the Transportation of the books & Papers belonging to the Office & that the board of War furnish him with the Books, Paper & other things necessary for the Business of the Office.
That each Inspector be allowed during the Campaign a small waggon with two Horses to Transport his Baggage & Papers & a Marquee for himself and as one Riding Horse is not sufficient for the fatiguing duties of the Office that he be allowed a good public Horse which is to be returned on his relinquishing the Office. That the Inspector & Sub Inspector be appointed by the Commander in Chief that they Keep their Rank & right of Command & promotion in the Line in the same manner as if they had not acceepted the Office of Inspector but that they Suspend their exercise of their respective Commands until when orderd to exercise them by the General in Chief or Commanding Officer in a seperate Department.
That when an Inspector is orderd to Review any Troops detached from the Army, his Travelling expences be paid by the states.
That each Inspector be allowed to take a serjeant from the Line as a Clerk.
the Aids De Camp of the Inspector General shall furnish themselves with one Horse at their own expence but as that will not be sufficient to perform the respective duties of their Office.
that they be allowed each one good Horse by the public with the necessary allowance of forage.
That they be also allowed in addition to their present pay as Aids De Camp the same addition as is allowed to the sub Inspectors.
that the Commander in Chief shall give particular Instructions to the Inspecto[r] General relative to the duties to be performd by him & the Officers in his Department particularly reccommending to him.
1st to form a system of Discipline for the Cavalry & Light Troops.
2. to Collect into one Volume all the resolves of Congress which relate to the Arrangement of the Army.
3d to furnish every Month to the Commander in Chief as exact a Return as possible of the state of the Army.
that the Inspector General always establish his Office as near to Head Quarter[s] as Circumstances will permit that all returns which pass thro’ the Office to the Board of War be signd by him—that no person whatever have a right to demand any returns or extracts from the Office but by the express order of the Board of War or Commander in Chief—That in the absence of the Inspector Genl the Office be under the

direction of the Adj. Genl as Assistant Inspector Genl the two Inspectors who have the departments of the Artille[r]y & Cavalry & the Aids of the Inspector General named for that purpose[;] the returns to be signed by the Adj. General.


Title: General Orders, 1 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters Morristown Thursday June 1st 1780
Parole Luxemburgh  Countersigns Lyme Lynn

[Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Colonel Jackson[,] Major Clifton[,] Brigadier Major Van Laer
A trusty Serjeant Corporal and nine men from Stark’s brigade with their Arms blankets and three days provisions to be sent to the Adjutant General’s quarters 8 o clock tomorrow morning to guard some Prisoners of War to Philadelphia.
At a General Court martial of the Line where of Colonel Gansevoort was president May 25th Lieutenant Hunt of the 4th New York regiment was tried charged with “Marching the old Main Guard of the 11th of May last, to camp in a disorderly manner and permitting the men to straggle contrary to the ordinance of the Army.”
The Court on mature Consideration of the charge and the Evidence are of opinion that Lieutenant Hunt is Guilty of the Charge against him being in breach of that part of the 3d Article of the 22d Chapter of the regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops which respects marching an old Guard to Camp and do sentence Lieutenant Hunt to be reprimanded in General orders.
The Conduct of Lieutenant Hunt was highly unmilitary and

blameable—Too frequent instances occur of similar irregularities and they are at all times inexcuseable.
Lieutenant Hunt is released from his arrest.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Choin, 1 June 1780
From: Choin, André-Michel-Victor, marquis de
To: Washington, George

Excellence
paris le 1er juin 1780.

permettés moy de proffitter du départ de M. de la Colombe pour me rappeler dans votre souvenir, et vous offrir mon respectueux hommage: j’envie le Sort de Cet officier puisqu’il va vous rejoindre. penetré des bontes que vous aves eû pour moy en amerique, l’instant le plus heureux de ma vie Seroit Celuy, ou il me seroit permis de retourner aupres de vous; mon attachement Seroit satisfait Si je pouvois trouver l’occasion de vous prouver en frange toute ma reconnoissange. jay l’honneur dêtre avec un profond respect Excellençe Votre tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur

De Choin Colonel d’infantrie


Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 1 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town 1st June 1780.

We have just received a hand Bill from New York, published by Authority, containing an account of the surrender of Charles town the 12th instant, said to have come by the Iris, which left that place the 17th: The particulars are not given; some leading matters are mentioned, but they are probably either false, or exaggerated. There are circumstances of suspicion attending this account, but as it is announced by authority, I cannot suppose it to be a forgery, but believe the general fact of a surrender to be true. The conditions may be more, or less advantageous.
Advice is just come to me from Amboy, that the day before yesterday one hundred sail of Vessels entered Sandy Hook. This if true, and there is no reason to doubt it, can be nothing else, than Sir Henry Clinton returned from the Southward with the whole or a part of his Army. Flushed with his success there, and tempted by the present posture of our Affairs, it will be extraordinary if he does not immediately aim a Blow at West point: If he does we have every thing to apprehend, from the total want of provision in the Garrison, which has been for some time on half allowance.

This is too serious a danger not to demand instant exertions to obviate it. We can send nothing but Flour from this quarter. I am informed there are between two and three thousand Barrels of salted Meat in Connecticut, but the Quarter Master for want of money can do nothing towards its transportation. We must in this exigency look to the State and request the interposition of its authority to furnish Waggons without a moments loss of time. Mr Hubbard the Qr Mr at Harford will receive the Waggons and forward the provision.
We shall endeavour to forward Flour from hence, but we must in like manner have recourse to the Aid of Government or impress by military power—I know your Excellency’s wisdom and Zeal too well not to be convinced you will give the matter the speediest and most effectual attention.
Indeed my Dear Sir our Affairs are hastening rapidly to a Crisis—The States must determine whether they will be free by a vigorous exertion of all their resources or submit to the domination of Great Britain. My anxiety to hear in what manner they will take up the several important matters recommended to them in the late circular letter of the Committee of Congress exceeds description. I have the honor to be with perfect Esteem and Respect Your Excellency’s Most obt Servt

Go: Washington

P.S. It will be necessary still to forward supplies of live Cattle to preserve the stock of Salt Meat, which ought to be kept if possible for a deposit in case of a Seige—This too will require Your Excellency’s aid.
It is essential towards the proposed cooperation that we should prepare a large number of Fascines and Gabions—and the most convenient places will be on Connecticut River and adjacent to the sound—particularly on Connecticut River. I intreat your Excellency to give pointed orders to the Militia to carry on this Business with industry and dispatch. The Officers of Militia will take their directions from Maj. Murnan of the Corps of Engineers who is now in Connecticut for this purpose. This is an object of real importance.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Goose Van Schaick, 1 June 1780
From: Van Schaick, Goose
To: Washington, George

Sir
Albany June 1st 1780

On the 22nd Ultimo Sr John Johnston with a party of five hundred & fifty whites & blacks surprised a small settlement in Tryon County known by the name of Caughnawaga thirty three Houses & other Buildings were Burnt, Seven killed, & twelve made prisoners I immediately proceeded up into Tryon County to collect the Militia which I could not effect in season for a pursuit. As the rout Sr John came & must return is from Lake Champlain a-cross the Country to the Mohawk River—Governor Clinton being in Albany judged it practicable that Sr Johns retreat might be cut off has collected a number of Militia and crossed over Lake George to Ticonderoga on Tuesday last. This is the last account we have had from his Excellency. While I remained in Tryon County I received accounts of Captures & Murder daily committed by the Savages in the upper parts of that County, & the disagreeable account of which the enclosed is a report, I fear that Mutinys & Desertions will not stop here.
The Regiment have not received pay for seven Months last past & judge themselves much neglected in the article of Shirts, Shoes &ca—My endeavours to procure those articles have not been wanting but have not been able to effect it. Your Excellencies favors of the 24th & 25th Ultimo I have the Honor to acknowledge. The hundred Barrels of Flour sent by Colonel Steward I have ordered to Schonectady and am making every other preparation for to throw large & timely supplies into Fort Schuyler The Corn your Excellency mentions to have been near Albany I find on inquiry is partly used by the purchasing Commissary for the use of the Troops on the out Posts during the course of last Winter and the remainder is sent to the Foraging Department at Fish-kills this Spring.
Your Excellency may rest assured that no means will be left untried to accomplish your designs respecting the Post of Fort Schuyler[.] for this purpose I have ordered the Boats to be got in readiness, & the Provisions deposited at Schonectady, When this is done nothing will be wanting but a Guard to the Batteaus.
I will advise with Governour Clinton on this subject when he returns, & trust the Governour will reinforce the Garrison In the present

circumstances of Affairs with at least one hundred of the Levies raised in this State—I have the Honor to be most Respectfully Your Excellencies most obedient Servant

G. V. Schaick


Title: General Orders, 2 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters Morristown Friday June 2d 1780
Parole Ontario  Countersigns P. K.

[Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Colonel Angell[,] Major Edwards[,] Brigade Major Hand’s Brigade
For manœuvring Colonel Livingston, Lieutenant Colonel Sherman Majors Reid and Leavensworth; Adjutants and Colours from the 1st pennsylvania and Connecticut brigades.
The manœuvring Battalions to parade near the Halfmoon tavern at 6 o clock tomorrow morning—Brigade Major of the 2nd Connecticut brigade to attend the formation.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Israel Angell, 2 June 1780
From: Angell, Israel
To: Washington, George

Dear Genl
Morris Town 2nd June 1780

The following Officers were appointed in the Regiment under My Command, by the Honbl. Majr Genl Gates and Sullivan, Viz., John Hubbart Lt appointed May 18th 1779, Joseph Wheaton Lt appointed 1st September 1779, John M. Greene Ensign, appointed 1st March 1779.
John Rogers Ensign William Pratt [Ensign] Joseph Masury [Ensign] Jeremiah Greenman [Ensign] Appointed 1st May 1779.
The above Gentlemen have not yet Recd their Commissions,

Application has been made to the State for the Certificates of their appointments, but as the hous of assembly was not Consulted on the Subject, did not incline to give them untill your Excellenceys Approbation on the matter was known, wheather that number of Officers was Necessary in the Regt. there is now Eighteen Officers in the Regt Exclusive of the field Officers. four of which are in the Staff Department, which makes it indispensable that they Should Continue. therefor beg the Genl would be pleas’d to Signify the Same to the Governor and Council of the State, by which means the Certificates would be produced and the Commissions obtaind from the Board of War. I am with due Respect, your Excellencys most obedt Humble Servt

I. Angell


Title: Circular to the States, 2 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town June 2d 1780

By the Letter from the Honble the Committee of Congress at Morris Town, which goes with these dispatches, You will find, that these Gentlemen and Myself, after maturely considering the matter, deem it essential to the success of the measures in contemplation to be carried on against the Enemy—to call on the States for certain Aids of Militia, in addition to the requisitions for Men already made; and that they should be at places of Rendezvous appointed by me, by the 15th day of next month. The Aid requested in this instance of your State, is founded on a principle of apportionment common to all the States, from New Hampshire to Maryland inclusive (the Others on account of their distance and the operations in the Southern quarter not being now called on) and is stated at 945 rank & file. This number well armed—& equipped in every other respect for the Field in the best manner circumstances will admit, under proper Officers, I wish to be certainly at Claverac on Hudson’s River at the time mentioned by the Committee, which appears to me a suitable place for their rendezvousing at in the first instance—and from whence they will proceed on my Orders, as occasion may require. It will also be material, on account of disciplining and organising the Men, as well as on account of public œconomy—that they should be formed into full Regiments. If this is not done it will render our Arrangements extremely difficult & irregular, and will add, by greatly increasing the number of Officers, very considerably to the public expence. I would beg leave to observe, that I think the whole number of Militia requested from your State, should be comprised in Two Regiments about the same size, which would make them nearly equal to the establishment fixed for those of the Continental line. This additional aid—will not I trust and earnestly entreat, impede in the smallest degree, the filling up the Regiments of the State by Drafts to their full complement—as requested by the Honble the Committee in their Letter of the 25th Ulto—This is a point of such great importance—so absolutely essential to give the least prospect of success to our operations, and indeed on which they depend, that I could not forbear mentioning it. If the

Regiments are compleated by Drafts—it is possible our demands for Militia may be a good deal diminshed; but this must be governed by events and therefore, for Objects so very interesting—so important as those to which we at present look, we should provide whatever may be possibly requisite. I have the Honor to be with great respect & esteem Sir Yr Most Obedt servant

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major William Galvan, 2 June 1780
From: Galvan, William
To: Washington, George

No.1

Sir
Cape Henry [Va.] 2d June 1780.

I arrived the 31st of last month at Cape Henry. The place where the light house is intended to be built appears to me the best calculated to erect the Signals and take my Station at, which I shall do as Soon as I can be established there, with the least Safety. at present I am quartered at one Mrs Killings, five miles from the Cape and Six from the light house. This, Sir, is the nearest habitation from the Cape, where to I do and Shall repair every day untill I can be intirely fixed there.
Major General The Marquis De La fayette from whom, according to your Excellency’s orders, I have received my instructions, and to whom I render an account of My proceedings to this day, will lay them before your Excellency. You will See the State of things relative to my position.
I beg leave to add that his Excellency Governor Jefferson has

concurred in my mission with a Zeal and an activity deserving the highest praises, tho’ all his orders have not yet been brought to execution. With all possible respect—I have the honour to be Sir your Excellency’s Most obedient and most humble Servant

Galvan


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 2 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town 2d June 1780

It is expected that the fleet of our Ally will in the first instance touch at Rhode Island for the purpose of landing their sick and supernumerary Stores and to meet the intelligence necessary to direct their operations. I have already sent forward Doctor Craik to take up proper Houses for Hospitals and to make some previous arrangements in that department: But as I apprehend the French General and Admiral will upon their arrival want the advice and assistance of a person of discretion and judgment and acquainted with the Country, I must request you to repair immediately to providence, and upon their arrival present yourself to them, letting them know that they may command your services.
I would wish you to endeavour, in conjunction with the Governor, to establish a Market between the Fleet and Army and Country, and be careful that our Allies are not imposed upon in the prices of Articles which they may find necessary. This is a point recommended in the plan drawn up by the Ministry of France, and which policy and generosity directs should be strictly attended to. I am with great Esteem Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant General Wilhelm von Knyphausen, 2 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Knyphausen, Wilhelm von

Sir
Head Qrs Morris Town June 2d 1780

I beg leave to acquaint Your Excellency, that Congress have been pleased to empower me, by a late Resolution, to authorize an Agent or Commissary of prisoners to be appointed on your part, to reside in these States, with powers similar to those which may be granted to & permitted to be exercised by a like Officer appointed by us to reside within your lines. As this is a business very interesting to humanity and peculiarly so to the prisoners in our respective possessions, it is with great pleasure I make the communication; and it will rest with You, to place the matter on the most liberal footing. Your Excellency has only to inform me, that such an Agent will be allowed on our part to reside with You, and of the powers he will be permitted to exercise, and You will be at liberty to appoint one to reside with us, at any place except philadelphia, with the same priviledges. This restriction I would observe, cannot be attended with any inconvenience, as Lancaster and other places from their more central position, relatively to the general situation of the prisoners, are at least as well calculated for his residence. I know that difficulties have attended the overtures which have been made heretofore to effect this humane purpose, but I trust they will no longer exist, as the proposition is founded in equality—and must be mutually interesting to both parties.
If the proposition I make is agreed to, and on which I request Your Excellency will favor me with an early Answer, Mr Lewis Pintard will immediately return to New York as Our Agent: If it is not, Your Excellency will be pleased to permit Mrs Pintard and the rest of Mr Pintard’s family to come out, as he does not incline to return, unless it is in a public character.
Should Mr Pintard be allowed to return as an Agent, it is proposed that he shall take with him several setts of Exchange, with a view of negotiating them, for the benefit of our Officers who are prisoners.

I should hope that this measure will not be objected to, as it is usual in like cases; and as the indulgence has been permitted by us. I shall be obliged by Your Excellency’s answer also on this subject. I have the Honor to be with great respect & esteem Yr Excellency’s Most Obedt & Hbe servant

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Phillips, 2 June 1780
From: Phillips, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
New York June 2nd 1780

I have the honour to inclose for your Excellency’s perusal the copy of a letter I have this day written to Major Skinner your Deputy Commissary General of Prisoners.
I conclude not to trouble you, Sir, with a long letter upon the

occasion, as I hope the inclosed will be sufficiently explanatory of my wishes upon the several subjects contained in it, trusting at the same time that they will meet with Your Excellency’s concurrence and approbation. I have the honour to be, Sir, with great personal respect, Your Excellency’s most obedient and most humble servant

W. Phillips


Title: General Orders, 3 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters Morristown saturday June 3d 1780
Parole Pultowa  Countersigns Perth Pool.

[Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Brigadier General Huntington[,] Lieutenant Colonel Hait[,] Brigade Major Stark’s Brigade
Brigade Returns (regimentally digested) of all the Espontoons actually wanting in the several regiments to be made tomorrow at Orderly Time.


Title: To George Washington from Major William Galvan, 3 June 1780
From: Galvan, William
To: Washington, George

No. 2.

Sir
Cape henry [Va.] 3d June 1780.

The guard of twelve men, which his Excellency Governor Jefferson ordered from Portsmouth, arrived last Night, and, this morning, was posted at the light house. I have proposed to the commanding officer of the Militia of this County to put a Company on duty, to be relieved every week, he has approved of the measure, tho’ he is not let into my

Secret purpose, and considers it only as a protection to the inhabitants, at a time when the frequent appearance of the enemy renders Such a precaution very necessary.
The General Greene from Martinico, which She left twenty days ago, and bound to Philadelphia, was chased last night into this bay by a frigate, a brig and a Schooner. the brig has been in Sight all this morning, and the Schooner, (which I Suppose to be One of the privateers who took the Sloop mentioned in my No. 1 To the Marquis) came within half a mile of the light house and tacked off again. the General Greene Sent her boat a Shore with the Mate: he confirms the engagement between the fleets; Says that the english lost 1200 men and the french 800. that the former were in port at St Lucia when he Sailed, tho’ the french had been out for Some days before. that the occasion of the engagement was the french Squadron convoying a fleet of eighty transports, which they Saw Safe in port before the action began. that the french Squadron consisted of 21 Ships of the line, and the british of 23, but only a part of each Squadron did engage.
at about twelve o’clock I ordered two whale boats, who were Sayling along the Coast, to be brought to: they proved to be last from North Carolina, which they left the 27th of last month, and to belong to Some Sea-men from Boston, who were taken by the enemy, and Sent from providence to Charlestown in the month of february last, in order to be exchanged. the invasion of South Carolina happening about that time, they were detained and remained at Stono untill the Surrender of the Capital, which, they Say, happened the 12th of may. their narration Seems to bear every character of ingenuity, but I Could get no other particulars from them, but that the firings ceased the 11th when the Capitulation was Set on foot; that it was Settled the next day; that all the Militia are allowed to return to their homes; that the Continental troops and the Crews of the armed vessels remain prisoners of war; that our officers wear their Side arms; that the enemy are dayly expecting a french fleet and acknowledge 1300 men lost during the Siege. I thought that any details on So Capital an event, however dubious the channel through which they come, Might be interesting to your Excellency, and therefore returned immediatly to my quarters to make this dispatch. I have the honour to be with profound respect Sir your Excellency’s most obedient and most humble servant

Galvan


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 3 June 1780
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

sir
Morris Town June 3d 1780

Your Excellency has mentioned the necessity several times of establishing expresses between this and Providence; and enquired with respect to the practicability of the thing; but never have given any order upon the matter. The Marquis was requesting this day that the Expresses might be fixed without loss of time. Please to let me know your pleasure in the matter.
Colo. Mead also was mentioning to me a day or two since your wishes for having all the public horses brought to Camp; and the Army put in a condition to move. Please to let me know your intentions and wishes on this point.
I propose to send Major Claiborne into Pensylvania to see the condition the cattle are in; and to order in such as are fit for service; and before he goes I wish to know your intentions as that will form a material part of my instructions to him. I am with great respect Your Excellencys Most Obt Humble servt

Nath. Greene Q.M.G.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Nathanael Greene, 3 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

Dr Sir
Head qrs Morris Town June 3: 1780

Under our present expectations of the daily arrival of the Fleet and Army from France at Rhode Island—and of operations that may be consequent—it is of great importance that the means of conveying intelligence between providence & Head qrs, should be placed on the most certain & expeditious footing. I therefore request that You will, without the least delay, have a proper number of trusty—diligent Expresses established on the communicat⟨ion⟩ between these Two places at suitable St⟨ages.⟩ You will from what was done in a like ⟨case⟩ on a former occasion, readily know th⟨e best⟩ route and the Stages. The same co⟨nsiderations⟩ make it necessary, that we should be i⟨n⟩ the best & earliest state we can to move the army as circumstances may require; I therefore wish You to have All the Horses belonging to it, which are or will be probably fit for service in a short time, collected in pastures

within the vicinity of Camp as soon as it can be done. We may have immediate occasion for them, and if by any means this should not be the case—they may be recruiting here from the state of the Grass as well as at any other place. I am Dr sir Yr Most Obedt St

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 3 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town 3d June 1780

The Flour began to move from hence last night and will be sent on as quick as the Waggons come in. There will be five or six hundred Barrels. You will be pleased to have Boats immediately sent down to Kings ferry to receive it upon its arrival there.
The account of the Fleet mentioned in mine of the 1st instant seems to have been premature: The Officer stationed at Elizabeth town has made enquiry into the matter and can hear nothing of them.
You will receive herewith some Commissions for the Massachusetts line. Be pleased to deliver them to the Officers to whom they belong. I am Dear Sir yr &.


Title: General Orders, 4 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters Morristown Sunday June 4th 1780
Parole Newcastle  Countersigns Kent. Man

[Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Brigadier General Stark[,] Lieutenant Colonel Hay[,] Brigade Major 1st Connecticut brigade
The Connecticut Line to be Inspected tomorrow by the Inspector General.
The Inspection to begin at 6 o clock in the morning.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Benedict Arnold, 4 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Arnold, Benedict

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town 4th June 1780

Inclosed you have the draught of a proclamation addressed to the inhabitants of Canada. You will be pleased to put this into the hands of a printer whose secrecy and discretion may be depended on and desire him to strike off a proof sheet with the utmost dispatch, which you will send to me for correction—We shall want at least 500 Copies—The importance of this Business will sufficiently impress you with the necessity of transacting it with every possible degree of caution—The printer is to be particularly charged not on any account to reserve a Copy himself or suffer one to get abroad. With great Regard I am &.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 4 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town June 4th 1780

As the opening of the campaign is fast approaching, and it is time to form a general disposition of the Army with a view to it, it is essential I should know, as soon as possible, what General Officers will be present. For this purpose, I am to request you will inform me, without delay, whether the situation of your private affairs will permit you to take the feild this campaign or not, and if you do take the feild, when we may hope to see you at Camp. I am Sir Your most Obedt humble servant

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Abraham Skinner, 4 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Skinner, Abraham

Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town 4th June 1780

You will be pleased to give directions to the Commy of prisoners at Lancaster to permit Docr Paush Surgeon of Genl Knyphausens Regt and Ensign Hamilton of the 17th British—to go into New York upon parole. The former to return when demanded—the latter to remain in New York three Weeks—They are to go by the way of Easton to Elizabeth town, avoiding the Main Body and other posts of the Army.
At the instance of the Board of War, a son of Colo. Conolly’s is to be permitted to go into New York for his education. It seems the young Gentleman is an Ensign in the 17th British Regt, and you will therefore direct the Commy at Philada to take a parole from him as such—I lately recd a letter from a Mr Frazier at Rutland, a Chaplain to the 71st Regt—As it was mutually agreed at the last meeting of the Commissioners to release all Gentlemen of his Cloth, you will be pleased to take the first opportunity of giving the necessary orders to that effect. I am &.


Title: From George Washington to Major Jeremiah Talbot, 4 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Talbot, Jeremiah

Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town 4th June 1780

There is at this time a considerable convoy of provision going on to Kings ferry and there will in all probability be stores of some kind constantly on the Road—In your present position the communication about Kakeate is left too much exposed, you will therefore advance a part of your detachment up to that place, and indeed keep the whole as a kind of patrol between Paramus and Kakeate. By pursuing this method that whole flank will be secured and your party in less danger than they are when laying constantly in one place—This is become more necessary from an information I have just received from New York of the enemys having some enterprize in contemplation. and the party at Peramus supposed to be the object. You will not neglect to keep, as usual, small patrols down towards the enemy, to prevent their coming unexpectedly upon your Rear. I am.


Title: General Orders, 5 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters Morristown Monday June 5th 1780
Parole Pekin  Countersigns D: Thorn

[Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Brigadier General Irvine[,] Lieutenant Colonel Sill[,] Brigade Major 2nd Connecticut brigade

For manœuvring Colonels Johnston and Humpton; Majors Chapman and Trescott; Colours from the 1st and 2nd pennsylvania brigades; the 2nd pennsylvania and Hand’s give the Adjutants.
The Brigade Major of the 2nd pennsylvania brigade to attend the Formation of the Battalions which are to be paraded at the usual place tomorrow morning 6 o clock.
The 2nd pennsylvania Hand’s and Stark’s Brigades and the Connecticut Line to give the Morristown Guards and Fatigue the ensuing Week.
Six camp colour men from Hand’s Brigade under the care of a Corporal to be sent to Morristown tomorrow morning 7 o clock: Mr Shute A.D.Q.M.G. will give them directions.


Title: From George Washington to the Board of War, 5 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

Gentlemen
Head Quarters Morris Town 5th June 1780

I have been successively honored with your favors of the 19th—24th—25th—26th—and 30th ulto with the several enclosures to which they refer.
I am at a loss to know the meaning of the Board in transmitting the representation of the inhabitants of Northumberland in favr of Colo. Weltner—It appears by Govr Reeds letter that there has been one complaining of his Conduct. The one seems a counterpoise to the other.
I had really forgot the application of Genl St Clair in favr of Doctor Pausch, but I immediately gave directions to the Commissary General of prisoners to send him in upon parole, with Ensign Hamilton and Colo. Connolly’s son.
I have written to Genl Knyphausen and ask’d permission to negotiate the Bills, put into Mr Pintards hands, in New York—I do not conceive that he will refuse, as we indulge them in a similar priviledge.
I have confirmed the sentence of the Court Martial against Capt. Lieut. Godfrey, and shall direct the Adjt Genl to transmit you an extract from Genl Orders. I would beg leave to suspend my determination upon Capt. Coren’s untill I hear again from the Board—It appears by the proceedings that the Court have recommended reinstating him—Had this been his first offence, there might not perhaps have been much difficulty in the matter, but nothing but the most urgent occasion for his services can justify the measure, as he has been once before cashierd—I have been informed that he is extremely useful in the Elaboratory, and I would therefore leave it with the Board and Colo. Flowers to say whether he can be dismissed without materially injuring and

impeding our preparations at this time—If he can, I am clearly of opinion, that his sentence does not, on any other ground admit of mitigation.
You will be pleased to forward the enclosed to Genl Gates by a safe opportunity.
I received the Commissions for the Artille[r]y and for the Massachusetts line and have delivered them to the Corps to which they belong—I ⟨have the honour to be &c.

G. Washington.⟩


Title: To George Washington from Henry Champion, Sr., 5 June 1780
From: Champion, Henry Sr.
To: Washington, George

Sir
Colchester [Conn.] 5 June 1780

I am necessitated to inform your Excellency, That in consequence of Congress allowing Eight Dollars ⅌ Hundred for Beef from the 1st of January to the first of July, and but five and an half Dollars ⅌ Hundred from first of July to the first of December, and the Assembly of Connecticut state adopting their system and ordering me not to exceed their prices and have furnish’d me with state-paper-money which they call equal to silver to purchase with, I shall be able to buy four or five Hundred head of fat Cattle toward the close of this month which I shall order to start for Camp the last week in June & the first & Second weeks in July, beside perhaps 150 head to start weekly previous to that time, But I am unhappy to say, that from the great fall of price I expect to procure but very trifling supplies in July and August under the present regulation, Unless Massachusetts state omit adopting similar measures with Connecticut, which I hope they will, and I am allow’d to

continue my purchases in that state by my present appointment under Col. Blane, under which circumstances I may probably continue the supply of One Hundred & fifty or two Hundred head of Cattle ⅌ Week Perhaps more. These are prospects I forgot to mention in my letter to you Wrote three days since. I am Sir, with the highest respect & Esteem Your Excellency’s Most Humbe Servt

Henry Champion D.C.G.Ps


Title: From George Washington to James Duane, 5 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Duane, James

Dear Sir
Head Qrs Morris Town June 5th 1780.

I had the pleasure to receive your favor of the 21st of May in due time. You must be good enough to attribute my not answering it sooner to the real cause—a hurry of other business.
I had been twice before applied to for my opinion on the propriety of promoting Captn McLean, the last was thro’ the Board of War to whom I stated my objections fully on the 9th of April—I need not enter into a recapitulation of them at present—They were, in general—that the principles on which Captn McLean grounded his claim were not well founded, as there were many Officers in the line of the army still remaining in the Rank of Captains who wer[e] older than him—that the Corps—both Horse & foot, were commanded by Majr Lee, as Majr Commandant—and that there was no real occasion for a Majr to command the Infantry.
I will, in confidence, impart a further reason for waving this matter—a compliance with it would instantly lead to an application to promote Captn Peyton of the Horse in the same Corps to a Majority—Peyton was a very young Officer in Blands, and such a measure would create great disgust not only to the Officers of Blands—but of the other Corps of

Horse, who are already extremely jealous of the superior advantages & previledges which Major Lee has, some how or other, obtained.
Your favors of the 26th and 30th Ulto are also before me, and deserve my particular thanks.
We are in a strange dilemma respecting Charles Town—The York Gazette Extraordinary of the 29th published by authority, gives an acct of its surrender. subsequent papers relate the particulars of this event—and yet the fact is doubted. surely this nights Post will remove suspence if it does not give Mr Rivington the Lye.
We seem to be almost as much in the dark with respect to the transactions in the West Indies—We are told, that more than one engagement has happened betwn the French & British Squadrons in those Seas, but cannot obtain the particulars of either; tho’—from the currt of intelligence—we flatter ourselves that fortune has decided in favour of the first.
The Letters of your Comee—& my public ones to Congress, will give you a full acct of the situation of things in this quarter—It is needless therefore to recapitulate, or touch on them in a private letter—Mrs Washington, & the Gentn of my family join me in a tender of best wishes, & an assurance of sincere regard. With Sentimts of perfect esteem & affectn I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 5 June 1780
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Highlands [N.Y.] 5th June 1780

Your Excellency’s Favors of the 1st & 3d are before me—Notwithstanding the Hand Bill of Mr Rivington I think there are Reasons to doubt the Authenticity of what he says relative to the Reduction of Charles Town—as Informations from New York obtain’d from the Tories left it safe on the 10th of May, & not apparently in Danger of speedy Subduction.
In Consequence of the Report of Sir Harry Clinton’s Arrival, mention’d in your Excellency’s Letter, I recalled Col. Putnam which I now regret, as I must return a Detachment or give the Enemy an Opportunity to ravage the Country. They have call’d over some, if not all, of their Dragoon Horses from Long Island, & have brought both them & what they ⟨h⟩ad on York Island to Col. Delancey’s Quarters in West Chester, where they were mustered a Day or two since with Delancey’s Corps under some British Officer, & Steps are taken, & are taking preparative to some Movement—probably a Forage, but if so a heavy one. I wish I was in a Situation to slip down with a Brigade or two unexpectly upon them; for if not prevented they will probably do a good Deal of Mischief.
My Letter by Capt. Webb answers yours respecting the Fascines & Gabions—not indeed agreeable to your Wish, or to mine, but it can not be helped. Major Mournon’s Letter was instantly sent by Express. Major Villefranke is very unwell & gone into the Country by Advice of his Doctor—I wish it may have the desired Effect. Capt. Nevun now acts in his Place—but that should not prevent his attending the Fascines were it in my Power to furnish him properly—this however is explain’d already, & the Reasons are more forcible now, than they were then—My Spies inform me, that the Enemy have a very contemptible Notion of our Numbers in general, & particularly at this Post, & ardently wish the Return of Sir Harry, I persuade myself however, that be the Event of Charle’s Town what it may, his Force will be pretty well melted down before he returns.
I have sent a Detachment to Col. Millo⟨n⟩ on the Lines, & convey’d to him an Extract from your Letter respecting the Collection of Cattle; your Excellency did not mention in yours of the 3d Inst: that you would wish me to counter order it—but as the Occasion which induced the Order is at present over, & as Col. Putnam informs me that very little is to be had from a People already distress’d too much without reducing them to the greatest Extremity, I intend writing to Col. Millon to suspend his Operations until I hear from your Excellency again upon

the Subject, unless he finds fat Cattle in bad Hands & in the Way of the Enemy, or has already collected any that are fatted for Beef, & which the Possessors can spare without great Distress.
The Flour your mention Sir, is a most comfortable Circumstance, & its speedy Arrival much to be wish’d—The Ves⟨sels s⟩hall be ready at the Place appointed. I have the Honor to be Dear Sir, With the greatest Respect your Excellency’s most obedient Servant

Robert Howe

P.S. If it is not disagreeable to your Excellency, I think to order due Bills to be given the Men for the Deductions made from their Rations—which they have borne with the most commendable Patience—Especially as they seem to expect due Bills, please favor me with a Line upon this Head.


Title: From George Washington to La Luzerne, 5 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: La Luzerne, Anne-César, chevalier de

Sir,
Morris Town [N.J.] June 5th 1780

My time has been so entirely engrossed in the preliminary arrangements of immediate necessity towards the intended co-operation, that I have not been able till now, to do myself the honor to thank your Excellency for your letter of the 21st of May.
We have too many proofs of the generous zeal of your Country men in the cause of America, not to be convinced of it, and to feel all that the most grateful sensibility can inspire.
I am happy in believeing that the Troops and citizens of these states will eagerly embrace every oppertunity to manifest their affection to

the Troops a⟨nd⟩ citizens of your Nation, as we⟨ll⟩ as their gratitude and venera⟨tion⟩ to a Prince from whom they ha⟨ve⟩ received the most importan⟨t⟩ benefits. Penetrated with a Sense of these, I shall think it my duty to cultivate corrispo⟨n⟩dent sentiments as far as m⟨y⟩ influence extends.
The Marquis has g⟨i⟩ven me an acct of all your Excellency had done for the a⟨d⟩vancement of the combined operations—It will no doubt contribute essentially to their success—and gives you a cla⟨im⟩ to the acknowledgments of t⟨he⟩ two Countries.
I am too sensible o⟨f⟩ the value of the permission y⟨ou⟩ give me to solicit your aid in every thing, in which you ca⟨n⟩ continue to afford us your good offices, not to make use of it as frequently as possible. I begin by entreating you to favour me with your advice with the greatest freedom on whatever occurs to you, interesting to our affair⟨s⟩ at this period. I have the honour to be with perfect respect & attachemnt. Yr Excellency’s Most obedt—most Hble Ser.

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from the Massachusetts Council, 5 June 1780
From: Massachusetts Council
To: Washington, George

State of Massachusetts BayCouncil Chamber Boston June 5th 1780
Sir,

The Distresses of the Inhabitants of the Co’os Country arising from their being nearly situated to Canada a large Territory governed by the Enemies of the United States & Inhabited by Savages the Natives of America have induced Genl Bailey & Col. Chase principal Gentlemen there, well known to be firmly Attached to Interest of the United States to give this Board, a particular Account of their Circumstances which Colo. Hazen will as particularly State to your Excellency. The fertility of the Co’os, The Quantity of Wheat, Rye & Indian Corn now on hand & the prospect from the growing Crop make them an object worthy the Attention of these States, & the friendly Disposition of the Canadians makes their Defence more easy & practicable. Should Indians, Tories & Britains combine to invade that Country, at present defenceless & destroy the Settlements, Magazines & their flourishing Fields we may place it to the essential Loss of the United States.
We Thought it our Duty to suggest to Your Excellency, That should their Defence be esteemed necessary & practicable, either by Stationing Troops there, or by sending a Force into Canada to improve the Good Disposition of the Canadians, to Throw off the Brittish Yoke or in any

other way you may point out. We are clearly of Opinion This State will with Alacrity Aid a Detachment of the Continental Army joined with the Militia of Connecticut & New Hampshire in the Defence of so fine a Country. In the Name & behalf of the Council I am, Your Excellency’s Most Obedt & very humble Servt

Jer: Powell Presidt