Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 29 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

                        Sir
                        Near Monmouth Court house [N.J.]29th June 1778

                    I have the honor to inform you that at seven oClock yesterday morning, both armies advanced on each other—at noon they met on the grounds near Monmouth Court house, where an action commenced—we forced the enemy to retire, and encamped on the Field of battle—they took a strong post in our front, well secured on both flanks by a Morass and thick woods—and remained there till midnight at which time they retreated—it is not at present in my power to give a more minute account of this affair, but will have the pleasure of giving you the particulars at some future opportunity.
                    As soon as the men are properly refreshed, I shall march towards the North River as expeditiously as the distance, and the intense heat of the weather will permit—The Posts in the highlands I make no doubt have been properly attended to and secured.
                    The Enemys Ships have made their appearance at Sandy hook, and are preparing to receive their troops who will probably lose no time in embarking. I am with great respect Sir Your most obedt Servt

                        Go: Washington

                        P.S. Since the evacuation of Philadelphia, at a moderate calculation between 600 and 1000 Deserters have come in from the Enemy.


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 29 June 1778
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                        Dear General
                        Head Quarters Boston June 29th, 1778

                    This will be handed to your Excellency by Captain Langdon of Colo. Henry Jackson’s Regiment who will also present a packet from General  Phillips addressed to Sir Hy Clinton, which your Excellency is requested to send in by the first flag if you should approve thereof.
                    General Phillips first sent me a letter for Sr Heny Clinton which contained many expressions, which, duty to the honor & dignity of my Country obliged me to object to passing; he had also selected particular paragraphs of his own and my Letters on the late unhappy death of Lieutenant Browne, I insisted upon his sending the whole or none. That every thing might wear the fairest face After the Coroner had taken his Inquest I appointed a Court of enquiry, fully to enquire into the Conduct of the Sentinel in a Military view—this Court after fully investigating the matter on the examination of many Evidences both of our own troops and of the Convention, acquitted him as having done no more than his duty. I have the honor to be with great respect Your Excellency’s Obedt Servant

                        W. Heath


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 29 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

                        Sir
                        Feilds near Monmouth Court House [N.J.]29th June 1778

                    I have the honor to inform you that about seven OClock yesterday Morning both Armies advanced on each other. About 12 they met on the Grounds near Monmouth Court House, when an action commenced. We forced the Enemy from the Feild and encamped on the Ground. They took a strong post in our front, secured on both flanks by Morasses and thick Woods, where they remained till about 12 at Night, and then retreated. I cannot at this time go into a detail of Matters: When opportunity will permit, I shall take the liberty of transmitting  Congress a more particular account of the proceedings of the day. I have the honor to be with great Respect Sir Your most obt Servt

                        G. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Stephen Moylan, 29 June 1778
From: Moylan, Stephen
To: Washington, George

                        Dear Sir
                        [Near Monmouth, N.J.] 29th June 1778

                    within three miles of Midletown, we attackd a party of the enemy, this morning and took one Captain one Lieut. and one Ensign, with two privats, prisoners, & Killd a few more, the Brittish army is expected at that place this day or to morrow. quarters are taken for Gen. Clinton at Midletown, and for Lord Cornwallis at the place where we made the attack, which I suppose will be the rear of their army, the Baggage is still where it last night halted, badly guarded, I wish there was infantry in this Quarter a great stroke might Still be made upon it. I am Dear sir your most H: & Ob. St

                        Stephen Moylan


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Stephen Moylan, 29 June 1778
From: Moylan, Stephen
To: Washington, George

                        Sir
                        [Near Monmouth, N.J.] 29th June 1778

                    Captain Plunket will deliver to your Excellency the prisoners mentiond in the note I sent you about one hour ago, I since find that General Clintons Qrs are taken at the place where the prisoners were taken—I am informd that there were fifty horse taken in the engagement yesterday I wish it may be true, as I coud immediatly bring as many men into the field with good fresh horses provided I can get the arms and accoutrements. I am Sir your most Ob. H: St

                        Stephen Moylan


Title: From George Washington to Martha Washington, 29 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Washington, Martha

                        29 June 1778.

                    Letter not found: to Martha Washington, 29 June 1778. On 30 June, Maj. Gen. Benedict Arnold acknowledged receipt of a letter from GW to him, “with the Letter Inclosed for Mrs Washington.”


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Anthony Walton White, 29 June 1778
From: White, Anthony Walton
To: Washington, George

                        Sir
                        Harts Tavern [near Monmouth, N.J.]6 oClock [29 June 1778]

                    I sent an officer this morning to inform you, that we overtook the Enemys Rear within a Mile of Sugar Loaf Hill, which is six Miles from Middletown, we have since found that they have halted their Rear about two Miles of this side Middletown Near a Saw Mill. Major Clow is with me, & your Excellency may depend upon our giving you the Earliest inteligence of the Enemys Movements. Forty four Sail of the Enemys Ships past Deal to day. Col: Morgan I have just heard is at Sugar Loaf Hill. I am your H: Sert

                        Anthy W: WhiteL.C.L.D.


Title: General Orders, 30 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

                        Head-Quarters Englishtown [N.J.] June 30th 1778.
                        ParoleC. Signs

                    The Men are to wash themselves this afternoon & appear as clean and decent as possible.
                    Seven ôClock this evening is appointed that We may publickly unite in thanksgivings to the supreme Disposer of human Events for the Victory which was obtained on sunday over the Flower of the British Troops.
                    Accurate Returns of the killed wounded & missing in the battle of Monmouth are immediately to be made to the Adjutant General’s Office.
                    The troops are to be completed with Provision for tomorrow and have it cooked to day.
                    The whole Army except Maxwell’s Brigade is to move at two ôClock tomorrow morning, and every thing is to be in the most perfect readiness to night.
                    General Maxwell will apply at Head-Quarters for particular Orders.
                    Complaint having been made to the Commander in Chief that certain Persons belonging to the Army have seized the Property of Inhabitants which had been concealed in order to escape the Ravages of the Enemy—He calls upon the Commanding Officers of Corps to order a strict search of the soldiers Packs at Parade time that the offenders may be discovered & brought to condign Punishment—Such Articles as may be found agreeable to a List left at the Adjutant General’s are to be sent to his Office that they may be restored to the owners.
                    The General further gives Notice that the detestable Crime of Marauding will henceforward be invariably punished with instant Death.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Benedict Arnold, 30 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Arnold, Benedict

                        Dr Sir
                        English Town [N.J.] June 30: 1778.

                    As we are again in possession of philadelphia and it may possibly happen that in the course of the War, the Enemy may form some design against it, either in reality or appearance, I have sent General Portail  to examine what defences may be essential for it’s security and to make his report to me, as soon as the nature of the business will admit. In order to facilitate this, I am to request that you will give him every aid in your power that he may consider material for informing his judgement & making a well digested plan. For particulars on this Head, I refer you to Genl portail’s instructions.
                    Colo. Jackson’s regiment having joined the Army & being thus far advanced from the Station to which it was lately assigned, It will proceed with me to Hudson’s river. Colo. Hartleys was to have marched from York Town about the time we left Valley forge, which you will order to supply the place of the former, unless Congress shall have directed another disposition of it, and which they wish to remain.
                    In your next, let me know the state of your wound. I am Dr Sir with great regard & esteem Yr Obligd & Aff. Hble servant.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Benedict Arnold, 30 June 1778
From: Arnold, Benedict
To: Washington, George

                        My Dear General
                        Philada June 30th 1778

                    I received your Excellency’s Favour of yesterday, at 10 oClock this morng with the Letter Inclosed for Mrs Washington which I dispatch’d immediately by Express, I beg leave to present your Excellency my Congratulatory Compliments on the Victory you have obtained over the Enemy, and to assure you nothing could have given me a more Heart felt pleasure, than to hear of your excape, we are anxiously waiting to hear the particulars of the Action, The Gentlemen of your Family we are told distinguished themselves greatly on this Occation, I beg my Comps. to them & am with the most perfect respect & esteem My Dear General Your affectionate & Obedt Hble Servt

                        B. Arnold

                        P.S. The Enemy are Clear of the river.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philemon Dickinson, 30 June 1778
From: Dickinson, Philemon
To: Washington, George

                        Dr Sir
                        [near Monmouth, N.J.] June 30th 1778

                    With much difficulty, I have marched three hundred Men—but could not prevail on a greater number to go forwards—how long they  will continue, is very uncertain, as both officers & Men, seem discontented—I never knew so much murmuring—they say, their Farms will be ruined—& that the Enemy may continue on the Shore, for many Weeks—I will use my utmost endeavours to keep them together, & to render the most essential services in my Power. I have the honor to be, Your Excellency’s most Ob. St

                        Philemon Dickinson


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philemon Dickinson, 30 June 1778
From: Dickinson, Philemon
To: Washington, George

                        Dear Sir
                        Cawnover’s Mill [N.J.] June 30th 1778

                    I wrote your Excellency this morning, that I had with difficulty, prevailed on three hundred Men to march agreable to your request—I am extremely sorry to inform you, that half that number did not reach this Place—the remainder are going off hourly, being determined they say, to return home—therefore have no prospect of executing your Excellency’s Orders, which gives me great concern.
                    The only thing that can be said in their favor, is the present Season of the Year—which is by no means a sufficient excuse—I sincerely wish they could have been prevailed on, to have remain’d untill the Enemy had left the State—but tis impracticable. I have the honor to be Your Excellency’s Most Ob. St

                        Philemon Dickinson

                        I have de[s]ired Capt. Jones to return with his Compy to Genl Knox.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Duportail, 30 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Duportail, Antoine-Jean-Louis Le Bègue de Presle

                        Sir,
                        [Englishtown, N.J., 30 June 1778]

                    You will immediately proceed to Philadelphia, with such of your assistants, as you shall think necessary, to take a full and complete survey of the city the River Delaware and their environs, in order from a collective view of the whole, to form a well-digested plan, for the defence of the River and consequently the city. You are well aware, that in case of an attempt to approach the city by land, the great and almost only security against the success of it will be to have an army equal, or superior  in the field, to that, which shall be employed to gain possession of it; and that, if this resource should fail, it would be hardly practicable, by any fortifications on the land side, to prevent the city falling into the hands of the enemy. But as reason and experience prove, that it cannot be held, unless the enemy can have possession of the river and a free communication with their shipping, your principal attention should be directed to the defences of the river. You will therefore have every part of it accurately measured and sounded, the land on the opposite sides, and the Islands in it carefully examined, that you may be able to determine, the best and most effectual means of obstructing the several channels, and raising works to cover and protect those obstructions. The experiment of last campaign points out Mud-Island as a very interesting spot—the trouble, it occasioned the enemy, in so imperfect a state as it was then in, is an argument of its being capable of the most effectual defence if judiciously fortified.
                    The fort on Mud-Island was reduced by batteries erected on Province Island, and by the enemy’s shipping, which had found out a new channel by way of Hog Island. Province Island is susceptible of being laid under water, and this new channel as well as the others may be obstructed by chevaux de frizes.
                    The particulars, I have mentioned, are only intended as hints to assist your enquiries; not meant to direct your judgment. After a thorough examination of every matter necessary to be attended to, you will form your plan on the result and report it to congress and to the commander in Chief.
                    I have written to General Arnold informing him of the business on which you are sent, and desiring him to afford you all the assistance, in his power, towards accomplishing it. Given at Head Quarters English Town June 30th 1778.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Charles Lee, 30 June 1778
From: Lee, Charles
To: Washington, George

                        Sir
                        Camp English Town [N.J., c.30 June 1778]

                    From the knowledge I have of your Excys character—I must conclude that nothing but the misinformation of some very stupid, or misrepresentation of some very wicked person coud have occasioned your making use of so very singular expressions as you did on my coming up to the ground where you had taken post—They implyed that I was guilty either of disobedience of orders, of want of conduct, or want of courage. Your Excellency will therefore infinitely oblige me by letting me know on which of these three articles you ground your charge—that I may prepare for my justification which I have the happiness to be confident I can do to the army, to the Congress, to America, and to the  world in general. Your excellency must give me leave to observe that neither yourself nor those about your person, could from your situation be in the least judges of the merits or demerits of our measures—And to speak with a becoming pride, I can assert that to these manouvers the success of the day was entirely owing—I can boldly say, that had we remained on the first ground, or had we advanced, or had the retreat been conducted in a manner different from what it was, this whole army and the interests of America would have risked being sacrificed. I ever had (and hope ever shall have the greatest respect and veneration for General Washington) I think him endowed with many great and good qualities, but in this instance I must pronounce that he has been guilty of an act of cruel injustice towards a man who certainly has some pretensions to the regard of every servant of this country—And I think Sir, I have a right to demand some reparation for the injury committed—and unless I can obtain it, I must in justice to myself, when this campaign is closed, [(]which I believe will close the war) retire from a service at the head of which is placed a man capable of offering such injuries. But at the same time in justice to you I must repeat that I from my soul believe, that it was not a motion of your own breast, but instigaged by some of those dirty earwigs who will for ever insinuate themselves near persons in high office—for I really am convinced that when General Washington acts from himself no man in his army will have reason to complain of injustice or indecorum. I am, Sir, and hope I ever shall have reason to continue your most sincerely devoted humble servt

                        Charles Lee.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Charles Lee, 30 June 1778
From: Lee, Charles
To: Washington, George

                        Sir.
                        Camp [Englishtown, N.J.] June 30th 1778

                    Since I had the honor of addressing my letter by Col. Fitzgerald to your Excellency I have reflected on both your situation and mine, and beg leave to observe that it will be for our mutual convenience that a Court of inquiry should be immediately ordered—but I could wish it might be a court martial—for if the affair is drawn into length it may be difficult to collect the necessary evidences, and perhaps might bring on a paper war betwixt the adherents to both parties—which may occasion some disagreeable feuds on the Continent—for all are not my friends, nor all your admirers—I must intreat therefore from your love  of justice that you will immediately exhibit your charge—and that on the first halt, I may be brought to a tryal—and am Sir your most obt hble servt

                        Charles Lee


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Daniel Morgan, 30 June 1778
From: Morgan, Daniel
To: Washington, George

                        Sir
                        10 oclock 30th June 78

                    The enemy are encampd that is the rear of them, at Nut swamp—I am within three miles in thair rear—I send you a deserter who is an intillegent fellow, and can give you a Better account of thair situation then I can—I am sending out small parties round them to take maroders and to fall in with thair small pa[r]ties.

                    if any thing worth notice should happen your excellency shall have the earliest notice of it—I congatulate your excellency on the Victory gaind over the British army—thay have from every account, had a severe floging—if I had got notice of thair situation—to afell upon them we could have taken most of them I think—we are all very unhappy that we did not share in the glory. I have the Honor to be Your obedient servt

                        Dan. Morgan


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Thomas Nelson, Jr., 30 June 1778
From: Nelson, Thomas Jr.
To: Washington, George

                        My Dear General
                        Port Royal [Va.] June 30th 1778

                    I have omitted writing to you for some time because I had it not in my power to ascertain the number of Volunteers that would enter into the Corps of Cavalry. After taking great pains and riding many Miles to raise this Corps, I am sorry to observe, that I have not hopes of it reaching one hundred, notwithstanding several of the first young Gentlemen in the Country have turn’d out to set the example to others.
                    So great is the aversion of the Virginians to engaging in the Army that they are not [to] be induc’d by any method. I cannot say they are in an apathy, for veiw them in the Mercantile way, and they are as alert as could be wish’d, or rather more so, almost every Man being engag’d in accumulating Money. Public Virtue & Patriotism is roll’d down to  South Quay and there shipd off in Tobacco Hogsheads, never more, in my opinion, to return. The number of resignations in the Virginia line is induced by Officers, when they have returnd, finding that every Man who remains at home is making a fortune, whilst they are spending what they have, in the defence of their Country. If a stop be not put to the destructive trade, that is at present carried on here, there will not be a spark of Patriotic fire left in Virginia in a few Months. Perhaps were I to wait two or three Months I might be able to carry a few more Men into the field than I have mention’d, but as they engag’d only for this Campaign, I think it better to march in a short time with a less number, than to let the Campaign wear away, and at last not add many more.
                    I have written to Colo. Baylor to know whether he can spare me any of the Swords and Pistols that he has engag’d at Mr Hunters works. If that can be done, I could march in ten or twelve days. otherways I must send to Baltimore for them, which will detain me some time. You may be assur’d sir that I will be as expeditious as circumstances will permit, never Man being more anxious to join you that Your Obedt Sert

                        Thos Nelson jr.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Winds, 30 June 1778
From: Winds, William
To: Washington, George

                        Dear General
                        Head Quarters Elizth Town [N.J.]June 30. 1778

                    Your favour of the 28th has stopp’d My Moving again towards you, Nevertheless I hold some Men in Readiness to Act or Move, wherever a prospect of Advantage May Appear, I flatter myself that I Can yet Assemble at amboy or at any place on this side of Amboy, at 24 Hours Notice (provided I have such Notice any time tomorrow) from 600 to 800 Men, besides What will be Necessary for the Guarding these lines, Which being Committed to my Charge I Must take Care of, I am Impatient to learn your Situation & Shall with the utmost Chearfulness Execute any thing you Shall require of me.
                    I have boats on this Shore Capable of Carrying 300 or 400 Men, some of them Can Carry Horses & Empty or Light Carryages, Which I shall this Day Attempt to Move towards Amboy, at Which place they may be tomorrow, if no unexpected Incident prevents, of Which I thought it Necessary to Give your Excellency an Intimation, Should they prove usefull in moving across the Raritan River, Either Way, they  will be ready, & it will Afford me Great satisfaction—Yesterday about 100 flat bottomed boats, went from the Southwest part of Staten Island, towards the Middletown Shore, Where there are a Great Number of large Vessels. I am sir with sincere Respect Your Most Obdt Humle servt

                        Wm Winds. Br. Gl


Title: General Orders, 1 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head Quarters Spotswood [N.J.] Wednesday July 1st 1778.
            ParoleC. Signs

          The General will beat at twelve ôClock, troop at half past twelve and the march begins
            at one; The Troops are in the mean time to take as much Sleep and Refreshment as
            possible that they may be the better prepared.
          A General Court-Martial whereof Lord Stirling is appointed President will sit in
            Brunswick tomorrow (the hour and place to be appointed by the President) for the Trial
            of Major General Lee—Brigadier Generals Smallwood, Poor, Woodford & Huntington
            and Colonels Grayson, Johnson, Wigglesworth, Febiger, Swift, Angell, Clark and Williams
            are to attend as Members—All Evidences and Persons concerned are to attend.


Title: To George Washington from Major John Jameson, 1 July 1778
From: Jameson, John
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Middletown [N.J.] July 1st 1778

          The Enemy left this place last night about ten OClock the Rear is now about three miles
            below this place on the Road leading to Sandy hook. I am Your Excellency’s most Obt
            Servant

            John Jameson


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 1 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

            Sir
            English Town [N.J.] 1st July 1778

          I embrace this first moment of leisure, to give Congress a more full and particular
            account of the movements of the Army under my command, since its passing the Delaware,
            than the situation of our Affairs would heretofore permit.
          I had the honor to advise them, that on the appearances of the enemy’s intention to
            march thro’ Jersey becoming serious, I had detatched General Maxwells Brigade, in
            conjunction with the Militia of that State, to interrupt and impede their progress, by
            every obstruction in their power; so as to give time to the Army under my command to
            come up with them, and take advantage of any favorable circumstances that might present
              themselves. The Army having proceeded to Coryell’s
            ferry and crossed the Delaware at that place, I immediately detatched Colo. Morgan with
            a select Corps of 600 Men to reinforce General Maxwell, and marched with the main Body
            towards princetown.
          The slow advance of the Enemy had greatly the air of design, and led me, with others,
            to suspect that General Clinton desirous of a general Action was endeavouring to draw us
            down into the lower Country, in order by a rapid movement to gain our Right, and take
            possession of the strong Grounds above us. This consideration, and to give the troops
            time to repose and refresh themselves from the fatigues they had experienced from rainy
            and excessive hot Weather, determined me to halt at Hopewell Township, about five Miles
            from princetown, where we remained till the Morning of the 25th On the preceding day I
            made a second detatchment of 1500 chosen troops under Brigadier Genl Scott, to reinforce
            th⟨os⟩e already in the vicinity of the Enemy, the more effectually to annoy and delay
            their march. The next day the Army moved to Kingston, and
            having received intelligence that the Enemy were prosecuting their Rout towards Monmouth
            Court House, I dispatched a thousand select men under Brigadier General Wayne, and sent
            the Marquis de la Fayette to take the command of the whole advanced Corps, including
            Maxwells Brigade and Morgans light Infantry; with orders to take the first fair
            opportunity of attacking the Enemy’s Rear. In the evening
            of the same day, the whole Army marched from Kingston where our Baggage was left, with
            intention to preserve a proper distance for supporting the advanced Corps, and arrived
            at Cranberry early the next morning. The intense heat of the Weather, and a heavy storm
            unluckily coming on made it impossible to resume  our march that day
            without great inconvenience and injury to the troops. Our advanced Corps being
            differently circumstanced, moved from the position it had held the night before, and
            took post in the evening on the Monmouth Road, about five Miles from the Enemy’s Rear,
            in expectation of attacking them next morning on their march. The main Body having
            remained at Cranberry, the advanced Corps was found to be too remote, and too far upon
            the Right to be supported either in case of an attack upon, or from the Enemy, which
            induced me to send orders to the Marquis to file off by his left towards English
              Town, which he accordingly executed early in the
            Morning of the 27th.
          The Enemy in marching from Allen Town had changed their disposition and placed their
            best troops in the Rear, consisting of all the Grenadiers, Light Infanty, and Chasseurs
            of the line. This alteration made it necessary to increase the number of our advanced
            Corps; in consequence of which I detatched Major General Lee with two Brigades to join
            the Marquis at English Town, on whom of course the command of the whole devolved,
            amounting to about five thousand Men. The main Body
            marched the same day and encamped within three Miles of that place. Morgans Corps was
            left hovering on the Enemy’s right flank, and the Jersey Militia, amounting at this time
            to about 7 or 800 Men under General Dickinson on their left.
          The Enemy were now encamped in a strong position, with their right extending about a
            Mile and an half beyond the Court House, in the parting of the Roads leading to
            Shrewsbury and Middletown, and their left along the Road from Allen Town to Monmouth,
            about three miles on this side the Court House. Their Right flank lay on the skirt of a
            small wood, while their left was secured by a very thick one, a Morass running towards
            their Rear, and their whole front covered by a wood, and for a considerable extent
            towards the left with a Morass. In this situation they halted till the morning of the
            28th.
          Matters being thus situated, and having had the best information, that if the Enemy
            were once arrived at the Heights of Middletown, ten or twelve Miles from where they
            were, it would be impossible to attempt any thing against them with a prospect of
            success I determined to attack their Rear the moment they should get in motion from
            their present Ground. I communicated my intention to General Lee, and ordered him to
            make his disposition for the attack, and to keep his Troops constantly lying upon their
            Arms, to be in readiness at the shortest notice. This was
            done with respect to the Troops under my immediate command.
          About five in the Morning General Dickinson sent an Express, informing, that the Front
            of the Enemy had began their march. I instantly  put the Army in
            motion, and sent orders by one of my Aids to General Lee to move on and attack them,
            unless there should be very powerful Reasons to the contrary; acquainting him at the
            same time, that I was marching to support him, and for doing it with the greater
            expedition and convenience, should make the Men disencumber themselves of their packs
            and Blankets.
          After marching about five Miles, to my great surprize and mortification, I met the
            whole advanced Corps retreating, and, as I was told, by General Lee’s orders without
            having made any opposition, except one fire given by a party under the command of Colo.
            Butler, on their being charged by the Enemy’s Cavalry, who were repulsed. I proceeded
            immediately to the Rear of the Corps, which I found closely pressed by the Enemy, and
            gave directions for forming part of the retreating troops, who by the brave and spirited
            conduct of the Officers, aided by some pieces of well served Artillery, checked the
            Enemy’s advance, and gave time to make a disposition of the left Wing and second line of
            the Army upon an eminence, and in a wood a little in the Rear, covered by a morass in
            front. On this were placed some Batteries of Cannon by Lord Stirling, who commanded the
            left Wing, which played upon the Enemy with great effect, and seconded by parties of
            Infantry detatched to oppose them, effectually put a stop to their advance.
          General Lee being detatched with the advanced Corps, the command of the Right Wing, for
            the occasion, was given to General Greene. For the expedition of the march, and to
            counteract any attempt to turn our Right, I had ordered him to file off by the new
            Church two Miles from English Town, and fall into the Monmouth Road, a small distance in
            the Rear of the Court House, while the rest of the Column moved directly on towards the
            Court House. On intelligence of the Retreat, he marched
            up and took a very advantagious position on the Right.
          The Enemy, by this time, finding themselves warmly opposed in front made an attempt to
            turn our left Flank; but they were bravely repulsed and driven back by detatched parties
            of Infantry. They also made a movement to our Right, with as little success, General
            Greene having advanced a Body of Troops with Artillery to a commanding peice of Ground,
            which not only disappointed their design of turning our Right, but severely enfiladed
            those in front of the left Wing. In addition to this, General Wayne advanced with a Body
            of Troops and kept up so severe and well directed a fire that the Enemy were soon
            compelled to retire behind the defile, where the first stand in the beginning of the
            Action had been made.
          In this situation, the Enemy had both their Flanks secured by thick Woods and Morasses,
            while their front could only be approached thro’ a narrow pass. I resolved nevertheless
            to attack them, and for that purpose  ordered General Poor with his own
            and the Carolina Brigade, to move round upon their Right, and General Woodford upon
            their left, and the Artillery to gall them in front:
            But the impediments in their way prevented their getting within reach before it was
            dark. They remained upon the Ground, they had been directed to occupy, during the Night,
            with intention to begin the attack early the next morning, and the Army continued lying
            upon their Arms in the Feild of Action, to be in readiness to support them. In the mean
            time the Enemy were employed in removing their wounded, and about 12 OClock at Night
            marched away in such silence, that tho’ General Poor lay extremely near them, they
            effected their Retreat without his Knowledge. They carried off all their wounded except
            four Officers and about Forty privates whose wounds
            were too dangerous to permit their removal.
          The extreme heat of the Weather—the fatigue of the Men from their march thro’ a deep
            sandy Country almost entirely destitute of Water, and the distance the Enemy had gained
            by marching in the Night, made a pursuit impracticable and fruitless. It would have
            answered no valuable purpose, and would have been fatal to numbers of our Men, several
            of whom died the preceding day with Heat.
          Were I to conclude my account of this days transactions without expressing my
            obligations to the Officers of the Army in general, I should do injustice to their
            merit, and violence to my own feelings. They seemed to vie with each other in
            manifesting their Zeal and Bravery. The Catalouge of those who distinguished themselves
            is too long to admit of particularizing individuals: I cannot however forbear mentioning
            Brigadier General Wayne whose good conduct and bravery thro’ the whole action deserves
            particular commendation.
          The Behaviour of the troops in general, after they recovered from the first surprize
            occasioned by the Retreat of the advanced Corps, was such as could not be surpassed.
          All the Artillery both Officers and Men that were engaged, distinguished themselves in
            a remarkable manner.
          Inclosed Congress will be pleased to receive a Return of our killed, wounded and
            missing. Among the first were Lieut. Colo. Bunner of Penna and Major Dickinson of
            Virginia both Officers of distinguished merit and much to be regretted. The Enemy’s slain left on the Feild and buried by us, according
            to the Return of the persons assigned to that duty were four Officers and Two hundred
            and forty five privates. In the former number was the Honble Colo. Monckton. Exclusive of these they buried some themselves, as there were
            several new Graves near the feild of Battle. How many Men they may have had wounded
            cannot be determined; but from the usual proportion the number must have been
            considerable. There were a few prisoners taken.

          The peculiar Situation of General Lee at this time, requires that I should say nothing
            of his Conduct. He is now in arrest. The Charges against him, with such Sentence as the
            Court Martial may decree in his Case, shall be transmitted for the approbation or
            disapprobation of Congress as soon as it shall have passed.
          Being fully convinced by the Gentlemen of this Country that the Enemy cannot be hurt or
            injured in their embarkation at Sandy Hook the place to which they are going, and
            unwilling to get too far removed from the North River, I put the Troops in motion early
            this morning and shall proceed that way, leaving the Jersey Brigade, Morgans Corps and
            other light parties (the Militia being all dismissed) to hover about them—countenance
            desertion and to prevent their depredations as far as possible. After they embark, the
            former will take post in the Neighbourhood of Elizabeth Town—The latter rejoin the Corps
            from which they were detatched. I have the Honor to be with the greatest Respect Sir Yr
            most obt Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Colonel David Mason, 1 July 1778
From: Mason, David
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Wsburg [Va.] July 1st 1778

          I this Day by favr of Mr John Sewall Junr of Gloster wrote You & did not at that time Expect so favrable &
            Speedy an Opportunity of Sending on a Small Detachment of Men as now offers, Captain
            Tayler of  Ship Sets Sail this Evening for the Head of Elk, 2 on Board the sd vessel Lt Thellaball of the 15th regt goes with
            Twenty six Men, Numbers of them the Blackest of Rascalls, Particularly John Bates—Wm
            Lyon & Alexander McGrigger all Deserters, Bates I woud have Tryed Here as Your
            Excellency had Hond me with a Commn for appointing of Genl Courts Martial—but we coud not Collect Office[r]s Sufficient for his Tryal, I
            had the witness’s which are John Balmer & ⟨Joshua⟩ Butler to Prove his Desertion
            & Seduction of them & others and Carrying with them Several Stand of
            arms & Accoutrements, Lyon is a deserter and has been with the Enemy &
            in service agt us, by his own Confessison, but whether it can be Proved if he denys it,
            I am not able to Acqt you, He is a Fellow of the Basest of Characters has Murdered a Man
            & almost another, but unfortunately for us, we cannot Prove it by any white
            Person, McGrigger Deserted from the Northwd & I think from Your Camp, Lieutt
            Thillaball has been Detained Here for Sometime Past in the Lower Parts of this State
            Near Norfolk for the Purpose of Apprehending of a Number of Deserters in that Quarter
            but without any Great Success, He has done Everything in his Power & is a very
            Active vigilant Officer, his Expences has Greatly Exceeded his Wages & I shoud
            hope woud in Some Measure be Reimbursed as he is of Slender
              Circumstances I am to Acqt Your Excellency that I shall
            continue Here a Few Days, to Collect all the Men I Possably can as I Expect several Brot
            to me this week & shall b[y] some Speedy
            & Safe Conveyance Forwd them to Head Quarters—And as You Have been plased to
            Signifie Your Pleasure of my Resigning on Account of the Situation of my Family, I do with the Great Candour Assure your Excellency it is
            with the Utmost Reluctance that I am Constrained to do it & so Accept of your
            Promise, and shall take the Liberty so soon as I can Adjust a few Matters Here to
            Inclose your Excellency my Commission & Hope it will be received. I Most
            Sincerely congratulate You on the Repossession of the City of Philadelphia & the
            Glorious Prospect we have of Success in our Present Contest, with wishing Every
            Happiness that Life can Afford & a Safe Return to your Friends & Country
            I Remain Sir Your Excellencys Mo[s]t Obedt Humble Servt

            David Mason Colo. 15th regt


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Holt Richeson, 1 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Richeson, Holt

            Sir
            [Spotswood, N.J., 1 July 1778]

          Having received information that the State of Virginia has determined to fill up her
            Regiments by Recruits, I desire that you will immediately
            proceed thither with such Officers of the 3d 7th 11th and 15th Virginia Regiments as can
            be spared, to superintend the recruiting Service. Upon your arrival at Williamsburg, you
            are to apply to his Excellency the Governor for your instructions by which you will be
            informed whether and upon what terms you are to enlist the Men. You are to abide
            strictly by those instructions, both as to time of enlistment and the Bounty to be
            given. You are to consider the Officers of the above Regiments under your direction, and
            you are to appoint them to such Counties as they may be best acquainted with, and have
            the most influence in. You are to furnish me from time to time with an account of your
            success and you will forward the Recruits to Camp under  the Care of
            Officers as fast as they are raised. Given at Spotswood New Jersey the 1st day of July
            1778.

            Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 2 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head-Quarters Brunswick [N.J.] Thursday July 2nd 1778.
            ParoleC. Signs

          The Army is to remain on it’s ground tomorrow—The commanding Officers of Regiments
            under the direction of their Brigadiers are to avail themselves of this Opportunity for
            collecting all their Straglers—The baggage is to be got up and the Waggons arranged in
            their proper order.
          The men are to wash and cleanse themselves, they are to be conducted to bathe in squads
            by non commissioned Officers who are to prevent their bathing in the heat of the day, or
            remaining too long a time in the water.
          Officers are to exert themselves in restraining their men from stragling, injuring
            Fences, Fruit Trees &c. They are to have the orders of the 30th ultimo relative
            to marauding read to the men and use every means to guard against this infamous
            Practice.
          Baron Steuben will have a pro tempore command of Woodford’s, Scotts and the North
            Carolina Brigades.
          The General Court Martial ordered to sit this day for the trial of Major General Lee
            will sit tomorrow eight ôClock at the house of Mrs Voorkees in the Town of
              New-Brunswick—Members the same as yesterday except Coll
            Shepard, vice Coll Johnson.
          The Brigadiers and Officers Commanding Brigades will order General Courts Martial to
            sit in their several Brigades for the trial of their own Prisoners.
          Such Officers as are under Arrests may be tried by said Courts Martial if they
            choose.
          Two orderly Serjeants from each Brigade to attend the Grand Parade at Guard mounting
            which will be on the road near the Orderly-Office leading to Head-Quarters.
          The troop to beat at six ôClock & the guards to be on the Parade precisely at
            seven.
          Two Light Dragoons are to attend Lord Stirling whilst President of the General Court
            Martial.

          The Deputy Commissary of Cloathing has a few shirts by him—Commanding Officers of
            Regiments will apply for such of their men as are intirely destitute; he has also shoes
            in store, a few Over-halls, Breeches Vests and Blankets which may be drawn this
            afternoon or tomorrow.


Title: To George Washington from John Beatty, 2 July 1778
From: Beatty, John
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Princeton [N.J.] July 2d 1778

          Inclosed you have a List of the Prisoners capturd during the Enemys march thro this
            state & now lodged in the goal at Trenton—whether
            any yet remains in the Provost, I cannot ascertain, having receiv’d no returns from the
            Provost marshall.
          Nine of these call themselves Deserters, but as no proof appears, that they
            intentionally fell into our Hands, shall detain them as Prisoners of War. They are all
            hearty, Hale Fellows, should be glad to know whether I shall include them in the
            Exchange now about to take place.
          Capt. Nesbitt on Parole in this town is very desirous of going to Philada, where he
            says he has a number of Friends—I told him, I could not
            comply with his request, Untill Your Excelly was made aquainted with it. I am Sir your
            most Obedient & very Humb. Servt

            Jno. Beatty Com: gen. of Prisoners


Title: To George Washington from William Gordon, 2 July 1778
From: Gordon, William
To: Washington, George

            My dear Sir
            Boston July 2. 1778

          I just catch a few minutes before the post goes off to acquaint you that Lord Chatham
            is dead—that no troops whatsoever are coming either  from G.B. or
            Ireland—that tho’ an English fleet of 1–90 guns 9–74 & 1–64 may be sailed from
            St Helens, a powerful provision has been made for counteracting them when they are upon
            the American coast; their opposers may possibly be at the Rendezvous before them. A
            vessel arrived from France yesterday. My prayers are
            daily offered for your Excellency’s success; & tho’ you have not met with so
            early or so full a support as you had a right to expect, I hope Clinton’s army will by
            your military skill be speedily rendered as harmless as Burgoynes. With great esteem I
            remain your Excellency’s sincere friend & very humble servant

            William Gordon


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Daniel Morgan, 2 July 1778
From: Morgan, Daniel
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Middletown [N.J.] 2d [July] 78 9
              oclock

          I came to this place early Yestorday Morning—the enemy had left it the night
            before—thair main body is encampd about three miles from the Town
            thair rear within a mile, we are in full vew of each other—I am and have been, ever
            since I come out, at a great Loss for light horse, having none
              onaxt [annexed] to me—Genl scott sent me a serjant and six, whose horses ware
            tierd and was Rather an encumbarance, as thay could scarcely Raise a gallop Major Jameson was here yesterday I applied to him for a few, he sent
            Capt. Harison—who staid with me about two hours, when Colo. Moylan sent for ⟨him⟩ and his party—Moyl⟨an⟩ certainly has reasons
            for so doing but sir you know that cavalry is the Eyes of the infantry—and without any,
            my situation must not be very pleasing being, in full Vew of the enemys whole army.
          my advance engaged thair rear yesterday thay reinforced and sent a colume on each flank
            we retreated to a hill this end of the town—thay retreated to thair own ground, a few
            ware killd—I had one slightly wounded—but had no horse till coronet Dorsy luckily come
              up. I am with esteem your most obedient and Hble
            servt

            Danl Morgan


Title: General Orders, 3 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head Quarters Brunswick Landing [N.J.] July 3rd 1778.
            ParoleC. Signs

          Coll Craige and Majors Nichols and Vaughan are appointed to superinte[n] d the
            Hospitals in Pennsylvania—They will call at the Orderly-Office tomorrow morning for
            Instructions.
          Vaults for Necessaries are to be immediately sunk, the Offal at the slaughtering pens
            to be buried and the dead horses removed or buried.
          After Orders.
          Tomorrow, the Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, will be celebrated by the
            firing thirteen Pieces of Cannon and a feu de joie of the whole
            line; The Army will be formed on the Brunswick side of the Rariton at five ôClock in the
            afternoon on the ground pointed out by the Quarter Master General—The Soldiers are to
            adorn their Hats with Green-Boughs and to make the best
            appearance possible—The disposition will be given in the orders of tomorrow—Double
            allowance of rum will be served out.
          The General Court Martial whereof Major General Lord-Stirling is President will
            assemble tomorrow morning at the time and place mentioned in yesterdays Orders—Members
            the same as heretofore, except Colonel Irvin, vice, Coll Grayson.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Theodorick Bland, 3 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Bland, Theodorick

            Dear Sir
            Head Quarters Brunswic [N.J.] 3d July 1778

          I have been favd with your two letters of the 5th ulto. As it was not possible for
            Capt. Medici to procure Horses at the prices to which he had been at first limited, I
            think you did right in advising him to purchase upon the best terms he could, without
            limitation: but I do not think that you should advance him any money. He will, with more
            propri⟨ety draw it⟩ from the State to which he belongs. ⟨There are⟩ some Horse
            Accoutrements arrived fro⟨m Fra⟩nce at Portsmouth New England, but how many, or what
            kind, I do not know. I would therefore have you still procure all you can in Virginia. I
            have ordered the above accoutrements to m⟨eet⟩ me at the North River, and therefore I desire  that you may send
            forward the Men and Horses as fast as the first are cloathed and the last fit for
            service, and I will accoutre them th⟨ere.⟩
          ⟨Lieut.⟩ Lewis is certainly intitled to a Captaincy ⟨from the da⟩te of Major Lee’s
            promotion, but what reason Capt. Jones has to complain, I cannot conceive, unless it be,
            that Congress, on account of the extraordinary merit of Capt. Lee and the officers who
            served under him last Campaign, have promoted them in a separate Corps. Had Capt. Lee been promoted in the Regiment, Capt. Jones would
            then have had reason to think himself injured.
          It was the pleasure of Congress that Capt. Lee’s former troop should make part of his
            presen⟨t⟩ Corps, and therefore I can say nothing about it, further than that in the
            inlistment of Men for your Regiment, you must make provision for that deficiency.
          I should have been exce⟨edingly happy⟩ had the settlement of the Rank of th⟨e officers
            of Ho⟩rse been agreeable to all parties. You m⟨ust be⟩ sensible that it is not in my
            power to do more than I have done, or to alter the determination of the Board of
            Officers to whom it was left.
          You are mistaken as to ⟨ the ⟩ Colonels of the other Regiments of Cavalry having filled
            up the vacancies in their Regiments: They have only taken an account of such Gentlemen
            as are willing and qualified to serve, and I sh⟨all be g⟩lad that you would do the
            same.
          I have just recd yours ⟨of the 1⟩4th ulto with the Returns inclosed and am Dear Sir
            Your most obt Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 3 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

            Dear Sir
            Head Quarters, near Brunswick [N.J.] 3d [July] 1778.

          I received your favor of the 22d Ultimo by the hands of Captain Horton.
          It is a melancholly consideration that in the execution of our duty an officer of the
            convention should suffer so unfortunate a fate. However
            your conduct in the affair will meet general approbation.
          I have attended to Ensign Ponds memorial and accept of his resignation.
          In my last of the 24 Ulto I gave you the course of the enemy—we came up with them near
            Monmouth Court house, when an action ensued—The several contentions during the day were
            sharp and severe. We remained in full possession of the ground—of 245 dead, and several
            wounded which they had not time to carry off—Our loss in rank & file is 60
            killed and near 130 wounded. About midnight they
            decamped, retreating in great silence and rapidity, and gained a position which made any
            further pursuit impracticable.
          In one of your late letters you mention the arrival of a vessel with military stores,
            among which are horse accoutrements—I desire that the
            latter may be sent forward to the North River with all possible dispatch. I am, Sir,
            your most obedient and very hble servt

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Stephen Moylan, 3 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Moylan, Stephen

          Letter not found: to Col. Stephen Moylan, 3 July 1778. The
            docket on Moylan’s letter to GW of 2 July reads in part, “Ansd 3d.”


Title: General Orders, 4 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head-Quarters Brunswick [N.J.] Saturday July 4th 1778.
            ParoleC. Signs

          At three ôClock this afternoon a Cannon will fire at the Park as a signal for the
            troops to be put under Arms and formed ready to march—At four another signal Cannon for
            the Right to march by the Right over  the Bridge to the Ground which
            shall be shewn them to form on—At half past four a third signal Cannon for the Left Wing
            to march by the Right and follow the Right Wing—At five a fourth Signal for the second
            Line to form on the ground which shall be shewn them—After the Army is formed upon a
            signal by order of the Commander in Chief, thirteen Pieces of Cannon will be discharged,
            after which a single Cannon which will be a signal for a runing fire to begin on the
            right of the Army and be continued to the left with Musquetry and Cannon. At the
            Conclusion of which, on a signal three Cheers will be given, “Perputual and undisturbed
            Independence to the United States of America.”
          Previous to forming the Army the commanding Officers of Corps will see that their men
            draw their charges and that such as cannot be drawn be discharged under the Eye and
            direction of proper Officers.
          As blank Catridges are not to be procured the officers will be careful that their men
            charge their pieces with their worst Catridges after having taken the balls out of them,
            and that the Balls thus taken out be delivered to the Regimental Quartr Masters, who are
            to deliver them to the Quarter Masters of Brigade and they to the Commissary of Military
            stores—A March beat on the left will be a signal for the troops to retire by the left to
            their respective Encampments.
          The Commander in Chief presents his Compliments to the General Officers and Officers
            commanding Brigades, The Commissary, Muster Master and Judge Advocate Generals with the
            Surgeon General of the Hospital & desires the pleasure of their Company to dine
            with him at three ôClock this afternoon.
          The Left Wing of the Army is to march precisely at half after three ôClock tomorrow
            morning by the Left—The Quarter Master General will give the Route, Encampments and
            halting days.
          The baggage and stores belonging to this Wing are to follow in their proper order.
          No Member of the General Court-Martial now sitting at the request of Major General Lee
            is to march with the above division, and if there are any Evidences in the said Division
            for or against him they are to remain and attend the Court. Their Names to be given in
            to the Judge Advocate.


Title: To George Washington from Major David Salisbury Franks, 4 July 1778
From: Franks, David Salisbury
To: Washington, George

            Philadelphia 4th July 1778

          General Arnold being very unwell has ordered me to Answer your Excellency’s Letter of
            30th June. he will give every Assistance in his Power to General Portail.
          Col. Hartly’s Regiment came here three days since and is detained agreable to your
            Excellency’s Order. Congress having given no directions for any other disposition.
          The General’s wound continues in a fair Way, but he has been afflicted for some days
            with a violent Oppression in ⟨the⟩ Stomach, he is however much better this Morning
            & hopes soon to be well.

              The Number of British deserters
              136

              The Number of Foreigners
              440

              576

          This Account is taken from the Town Majors Return. I have the Honor to be with the greatest Respect Your
            Excellencys most obedient, most humble Servant

            Davd S. Franks

            This Morning a Duel was fought between Generals Cadwallader & Conway
              the latter was shot thro’ the Head & ’tis suppos’d will not recover.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel John Lamb, 4 July 1778
From: Lamb, John
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Farmington [Conn.] 4th July 1778

          Inclos’d you have an Extract, from Genl Gates’s Orders bearing Date 4 June; From which
            it appears, that, I am superceded (by an inferior Officer) in the Command of the
            Artillery, in the Middle Department.
          From your Excellency’s known Character, for Justice, and generosity; and a full
            conviction, that, you will never give your sanction, to so flagrant an Act of injustice,
            I am induced (tho’ reluctantly) to trouble you at this time, on so disagreable a
            Subject. And shall Esteem it a singular favor, to be honour’d with a Line (for my
            information) respecting the true State of this matter. I am with the greatest Respect
            your Excellency’s Most Obdt Hume Servant.


Title: General Orders, 5 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head Quarters Brunswick Landing [N.J.] July 5th 1778.
            Parole Paris—C. Signs Peace. Plenty.

          The Right Wing of the Army is to march at three ôClock tomorrow morning under the
            Command of Majr General Baron de Steuben—The Route, halting places and Encampments will
            be given by the Qr Mastr Genl.
          Any Officers of the Right Wing who may have Evidence to give to the Court Martial
            sitting for the trial of Major General Lee are to remain in Camp that they may
            attend.
          The Park of Artillery is to move with the Right Wing. The sick of the Right Wing are to
            be sent to the Barracks in the City of Brunswick this Evening. All Invalids who are able
            to march with the Army and carry their Arms not to be sent—Three Commissioned Officers
            from the Wing are to be left to superintend the sick which shall be left.


Title: To George Washington from Brigade Major Matthias Halsted, 5 July 1778
From: Halsted, Matthias
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Elizabeth Town [N.J.] July 5. 1778

          Brigdr Genl Winds having rode out of town last Evening & previous to his Going,
            Directed me to Communicate to your Excellency every Intelligence I Might Recieve from
            Staten Island in his Absence, Now Affords me the Honor of Informing you that I have the
            following Account from a person Who left the Island last Night & In Whom Genl
            Winds places much Confidance. the Prisoners Mentioned by Genl Winds Yesterday, to have
            been landed on Staten Island were Carried to New York & Landed there, no troops
            had Got up from Middle town last Evening, nor were they Expected soon, the report there
            is that the transports are taking on board the baggage & heavy Waggons, to bring
            them up to New York, & that the light Waggons were to remain with the Army,
            Which is shortly to Go in pursuit of Your Excellency & the American Army, In
            Consequence of positive Orders for that purpose brought by the last Packet, lately
            arrived, The Distruction of the American Army to be their only Object thus far he was
            Informed by two Captains seperately, both of Whom told him they had the Information from
            Br. Gl Campbell (Comdt there.) My Informant Also Adds that bread is Extreemly Scarce at
            New York & on the Island, that the troops on the Island have not recieved one
            ounce of flour or bread for above a Week past. he Confirms the following Account of
            their Fortifications on the Island & the Number & position of their
            troops Which we had had Nearly before.
          On the Heights of Richmond town there is a large fort said to be unfinished, another
            said to be Compleat on the High Ground at the Narrow & three Redouts in the Hill
            Near the Watering place North–westwardly from it, Which
            are all the fortifications on the Island, the troops as follows, 400 or 500 foreigners
            lay Contigious to the fort & Redouts at the Eastern part of the Island; one
            Batallion of the 71st lay along the Kills, said to be
            400 strong; the three Corps (formerly five) Dignified with the title of Jersey
            Volunteers, who Do not Amount to 400 Effective Men, Guard to the westward of the Dutch
            Church as far as the blazing star, from thenc[e] to the West End is Guarded by the
            Militia, Whose Numbers are small & the Greatest part Much Disaffected to them of
            late; about 150 British Troops lay at Richmond town Who Work on the fort there, I
            believe the Above Estimate Rather to Exceed than fall short of their Real Strength, tho
            they say they have above 2000 Effective Men on the Island.
          Should I learn anything further from the Enemy In the Absence of Genl Winds I will
            Imediately Communicate it to your Excellency, & you May be Assured that Nothing
            Will be wanting to Obtain the best  Intelligence, Either in his
            absence or Presence. I have the Honor to be with the Greatest Respect Your Excellencys
            Most Obdt Humle servt

            M. Halsted Majr Brigd. To Br. Gl Winds


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Maxwell, 5 July 1778
From: Maxwell, William
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Monmoth 2 miles below the Court House [N.J.] 5th July 1778

          I have to Inform your Excellency that the main body of the Enemy lyeth about 3 miles
            below middleton on a chain of Heights, that reaches from the bay to Shrewsberry River,
            which is verry narrow and not come[–]at[–]able. By several accounts they have been busy
            embarkquing since the night before last, (that is their Baggage only & possably
            some of their Artillery[)]. We have no certainty of any Troops having gone on board
            though some of the Deserters said there was 3 Regts immediately Imbarked when they
            tutched the Shore. Coll Morgan lyeth about middleton in
            the day time, and moves a little way back in the nights, the day before yesterday he
            sent me 4 Prisoners & several Deserters I had in all that day near 20 &
            yesterday 5 which was the lowest besides they are going to the North, South, and every
            way.
          They have been under great apprehensions of your following them but I suppose they are
            easie on that head before this no doub⟨t⟩ knowing where your are. A Doctor Muir came to
            one of my Pickets the day before yesterday with two two horse Waggons loaded with stores
            for the Wounded Office⟨rs.⟩ He had a list of the
            Articles and some Instructions from the Augt General with a Sample of Blarney, which
            they lavish away profusely in times of their distress; but a sparing of both that and
            good manners in their prosperity. I sent Coll Shrieve to them and informd them that if
            they wanted their Waggons should go back, there was two of mine to take up their Stores,
            that they might take up the two servants they had brought if they pleased, but that
            neither Servant,  driver, nor Waggon, that was at, or would go to the
            Prisoners should return again while the Enemy stayed in the Jersey; yet your Excellency
            will see by the Inclosed with what ease Mr Kidd the former Doctor applyeth to Coll
            Beattie for leave for the whole to return; I thought
            proper to put this in a clear light that your Excellency, nor Coll Beattie might not be
            deceived; they shall have every asistance in my power, but they shall not have it their
            own way; I will send Waggons for any necessary they want, or their own Waggons, but they
            shall be my Drivers I should be glad to know where I shall send the Prisoners to I have
            and whether I have any Bussiness to send off any of these at the Court House if they are
            fit to go; one of them I am told has endeavoured to make his Escape. I am your
            Excellencys Most Obedt Humble Servant

            Wm Maxwell


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General John Stark, 5 July 1778
From: Stark, John
To: Washington, George

            Honoured Sir
            Albany 5th July 1778

          last night came to hand your favour of the 20th May, Informing of General Sullivans
            desire, that I should Join him this Campeign—had it been the pleasure of Congress, to
            have ordered me to that place, I should thot myself very happy, to serve a Campeign with
            that Worthy Officer.
          and would still be glad to Join him if it should be thot for the good of the service—I
            Look upon myself in a Very disagreeable situation, pened up in a poor City, very little
            Employ Except to Guard the Frontiers, no Troops to do it with but some Militia, who are
            Engaged but for a month at a Time—here I cannot gain any great Advantage to the Publick,
            nor any Honor to myself—Notwithstanding, I shall
            Cheerfully comply with any Instructions, or orders, Congress may think proper to Intrust
            me with—the good of the common cause is my ambition. I am Sir with Great Respect Your
            Very Humbl. Sevt.


Title: General Orders, 6 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head-Quarters Brunswick [N.J.] Monday July 6th 1778.
            ParoleC. Signs

          The second Line is to march at three ôClock tomorrow morning under the Command of Major
            General De la Fayette.
          The Director General of the Flying Hospital is desired to make as exact a return as he
            can of the sick and wounded from the time of the Army’s crossing the Delaware and
            deliver it in at Head-Quarters as speedily as possible.
          The General Court Martial of which Lord-Stirling is President is to adjourn to one
            ôClock tomorrow afternoon and meet at Morristown where the Evidences will attend.
          The sick of the Second Line are to be dispos’d of as mentioned in yesterday’s orders
            relative to the Right-Wing—A sufficient number of Officers to superintend them, also
            Orderlies and Camp Kettles are to be left with them.
          The Army marching by Divisions.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Horatio Gates, 6 July 1778
From: Gates, Horatio
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            White plains July 6th 1778.

          This moment I had the Honour to receive Your Letter, dated Brunswick the 3rd Instant;
            and do most heartily Congratulate Your Excellency, upon the glorious News it Contains. I
            shall Order Colonel Hay to have every thing in readiness, for passing Your Army Cross
            the River at Kings Ferry.
          Inclosed I have the Satisfaction to send Your Excellency, the latest, and best
            Intelligence from New York. I have the honor to be, Sir,
            Your Excellency’s Most Obedt Humble Servant

            Horatio Gates


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 7 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

            Sir
            Camp near Brunswic [N.J.] July 7th 1778

          I have the Honor to inform you, that on sunday morning
            the left wing of the Army moved towards the North river—The right followed yesterday;
            and the second line which forms the rear division, is also now in motion. I shall
            advance, as fast as I can, consistently with the circumstances of the weather and the
            health of the Troops.
          The Enemy, from the advices of our parties of observation, were nearly, if not all
            embarked yesterday. They have continued to desert upon all occasions.
          I should be extremely happy if the Committee, appointed to arrange the Army, would
            repair to it, as soon as possible. Congress can form no
            adequate idea of the discontents prevailing, on account
            of the unsettled state of rank, and the uncertainty in which Officers are, as to their
            future situation. The variety of hands, in which the power of granting of Commissions
            and filling up vacancies is lodged, and other circumstances have occasioned frequent
            instances of younger Officers commanding their seniors, from the former having received
            their Commissions and the latter not; and these not only in the line of the Army at
            large—but in their own Brigades and even in their own Regiments. This it will be readily
            conceived is necessarily productive of much confusion, altercation and complaint and
            requires the speediest remedy. I have the Honor to be with great respect &
            esteem Sir yr Most Obedt servant

            Go: Washington

            P.S. By accounts from Monmouth more of the Enemy’s dead have been found; It is said
              the number buried by us & the Inhabitants exceeds three Hundred.


Title: To George Washington from Henry Laurens, 7 July 1778
From: Laurens, Henry
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir.
            Philadelphia 7th July 1778.

          I have had the honor of presenting to as many Members of Congress as have been convened
            in this City since the adjournment from York, Your Excellency’s several favors of the
            28th & 30th June & 1st Inst: & at their special Instance have
            caused them to be printed for the information of the public.
          I arrived here on Tuesday last, but hitherto have not collected a sufficient number of
            States to form a Congress, consequently I have received no Commands. Your Excellency will therefore be pleased to accept this as the
            address of an Individual intended to assure you Sir of my hearty congratulations with my
            Country Men on the success of the American Arms under Your Excellency’s immedeate
            Command in the, late Battle of Monmouth & more particularly of my own happiness
            in the additional Glory atcheived by Your Excellency in retrieving the honor of these
            States in the Moment of an alarming dilemma.
          It is not my design to attempt encomiums upon Your Excellency, I am as unequal to the
            task as the Act is unnecessary, Love & respect for Your Excellency is impressed
            on the Heart of every grateful American, & your Name will be revered by
            posterity. Our acknowledgements are especially due to Heaven for the preservation of
            Your Excellency’s person necessarily exposed for the Salvation of America to the most
            imminent danger in the late Action; that the same hand may at all times guide & Shield Your Excellency is the fervent wish of Dear sir Your much
            obliged & faithful humble servant

            Henry Laurens


Title: Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Hamilton to Colonel Stephen Moylan, 7 July 1778
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Moylan, Stephen

          7 July 1778. Conveys GW’s wish that Moylan “collect the whole of the cavalry, without delay, as well the unarmed as the
            armed, and after a little refreshment, and getting the horses shod &c. proceed
            moderately towards the North river to join the army.” Cavalry “accoutrements” that
            arrived “to the Eastward” were “ordered immediately on—These will meet us shortly, it is
            to be hoped on the North River and will serve to supply deficiencies.”


Title: To George Washington from Major General Benedict Arnold, 8 July 1778
From: Arnold, Benedict
To: Washington, George

            Dear General,
            Philadelphia July 8th 1778.

          Yesterday I had the honor of your Excellency’s favour of the 6th and am very happy to
            hear the Enemy have suffered so very considerably in their march thro’ the Jerseys—I
            make no doubt this Campaign will be crown’d with success, & that your Excellency
            will soon enjoy in peace the Laurels you have with so much perseverence, toil &
            hazard reaped in the Iron field of War.
          My extreme illness has prevented my writing as often as I wished; at present I am
            entirely free from the disorder in my stomach; my wound is in a p[r]omising way and
            pretty free from pain.
          I presume General Portail will return to Philada again, no measures will be taken
            respecting the Works here & those to be constructed untill I receive your
            Excellency’s instructions on the subject.
          Three hundred prisoners of War will go from this tomorrow morning on their way to New
            York, and as many the last of this week—The whole number of deserters arrived here is
            upwards of Six hundred—I have the honor to be with the greatest respect, most
            Affectionately & Sincerely Dr General your Excellency’s Obedt Humble servant

            B. Arnold

            Since writing the above an Express is arriv’d to Congress from France by the way of
              Boston, with intelligence that on the 15 of April a French fleet
              sailed from Tolu [Toulon] consisting of twelve sail of the Line, seven Frigates
              & four Xebecs—which we may hourly expect to arrive in this or Chesepeak Bay—By
              this express dispatches have come for the Admiral & Monsieur Gerard—Count De Esteen commands the fleet.
            Admiral Keppel sailed the 24 of April from St Helens with eleven sail of the
              Line.
            May 5th 17 Sail of the Line were in the Brest road eight others were to join them in
              a few days exclusive of Frigates.

            B. Arnold


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Francis Barber, 8 July 1778
From: Barber, Francis
To: Washington, George

          Letter not found: from Lt. Col. Francis Barber, 8 July 1778. On
            9 July, GW wrote Barber: “I was this afternoon favoured with your Letter of the 8th
            Inst.”


Title: To George Washington from Vice Admiral d’Estaing, 8 July 1778
From: Estaing, Charles-Hector Théodat, comte d’
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            At sea the 8th July 1778

          I have the honor of imparting to Your Excelly the arrival of the King’s fleet; charged
            by his Majesty with the glorious task of giving his allies the United States of America
            the most striking proofs of his affection. Nothing will be wanting to my happiness if I
            can succeed in it; it is augmented by the consideration of concerting my operations with
            a General such as Your Excellency. The talents and great actions of General Washington
            have insured him in the eyes of all Europe, the title, truly sublime of deliverer of
            America. Accept Sir, the homage that every man—that every military man owes you; and be
            not displeased, that I solicit, even in the first moment of intercourse, with military
            and maritime frankness, a friendship so flattering as yours. I will try to render myself
            worthy of it by my respectful devotion for your country; it is prescribed to me by
            orders, and my heart inspires it.
          I have the honor of rendering accot to Congress of the letter I write to Your
              Excellency. Mr Dr Chouin, Major
            of infantry in the King’s service has orders to present you this—I pray you to grant the
            most extensive confidence to all this officer shall tell you on my part. He is a near
            relation to Mr Sartine. This Minister has been long
            since known for his attachment to the common cause. ’Tis less the desire of pleasing a
            statesman, honored with the confidence ⟨of the⟩ King which has determined me to send you
            Mr Chouin, than an opinion of his military knowlege—the clearness of
            his ideas and the precision with which he will communicate mine. I beseech you to grant
            him your kindness. I have the honor to be with respect Sir Yr Excellency’s Most humble
            & most Obedient servant

            Estaing


Title: To George Washington from Henry Laurens, 8 July 1778
From: Laurens, Henry
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Philadelphia 8th July 1778

          I beg leave to refer to a private Letter of yesterday by Gray, in which I acknowledged
            the receipt of Your Excellency’s Letters to Congress of the 28th & 29th Ulto
            & 1st Inst. I should have added the 21st Ulto which came to hand the 2d
            Inst.
          With some difficulty a Congress was collected yesterday, Your Excellency’s Letters were
            immediately taken under consideration & the House unanimously Resolved a Vote of
            thanks for Your Excellency’s approved conduct from the time when the Army left Valley
            forge Camp to the conclusion of the Battle of Monmouth a Certified Copy of which I have
            the honor & particular happiness of transmitting within the present Cover.
          I have likewise the pleasure of conveying an Act of the same date for thanking the
            Gallant Officers & Men under Your Excellency’s Command who by their conduct
            & valor distinguished themselves in that Battle.
            I have the honor to be With the highest Esteem & Regard—Sir Your Excellency’s
            Most obedient & Most humble servant

            Henry Laurens. President of Congress—


Title: To George Washington from John Cleves Symmes, 8 July 1778
From: Symmes, John Cleves
To: Washington, George

            May it please Your excellency,
            Sussex Court house [Newton, N.J.] 8th of july 1778

          I wish I may not be thought troublesome, but by the Information I get at this place by
            other Means than what Your Excellency will see by the Inclosed deposition, I must Conclude the enemy are formidable, tis said that there
            are 300 Regular troops, 1500 Indians and a Large body of Tories which Compose the
            enemies force, I need not suggest to Your Excellency the apprehesions of the Inhabitants
            in the Minisinks and their wishes of support, there are not 300 Men as Yet in Arms at
            the Minisinks, Numbers of the Militia of this County are
            on service bel⟨o⟩w, and none of the first Battalion of the County are even warned to
            assemble; to all appearance the Crissis will be over before I can procure the Amunition
            from Easton. I have the honor to be, sir, Your Excellencies Most Obedient humble
            Servant

            John Cleves Symmes

            P.S. I am now seventeen Miles from the Minisinks. Many families have come Over this
              day.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Winds, 8 July 1778
From: Winds, William
To: Washington, George

            Dear General
            Head Quarters Elizabeth Town [N.J.] July 8. 1778

          I am happy in the present Oppertunity of Informing you from the Authority of a
            Gentleman of Veracity, Who left long Island the Night before last & New York
            Yesterday: from long Island he saw the Whole of the british fleet leave Middletown
            & Come into the Narrows, after Which they Divided Into three Divisions, one of
            Which Landed their troops on Staten Island, another on Long Island, the third at New
            York, he thinks the Divisions Nearly Equal & is well Assured the troops were all
            Landed last Night, he Asserts that Yesterday there was
            the Greatest Confusion Imaginable among the British troops at New York, the Occasion
            uncertain.
          A flagg boat to & from Staten Island this Day Discovered a large new Encampment
            on the Hills Near the Watering place, which Alone would satisfie me that troops were
            lately landed there. Your Excellencys Most Obdt Humb. servt

            Wm Winds


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Francis Barber, 9 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Barber, Francis

            Dr Sir
            [Newark, N.J.] July 9: 1778

          I was this afternoon favoured with your Letter of the 8th Inst. While you are at Elizabeth Town, I wish you to obtain the best
            intelligence you can from time to time of the Enemy’s situation and of any movements,
            they may seem to have in view. For this purpose you will employ the persons you mention,
            or such others as you may judge necessary. Whatever expences you are at, upon this
            occasion, will be repaid on the earliest notice.
          I am extremely happy to hear your wound is in so favourable a way. I hope it will be better every day. Tho I wish for your
            services, I would not have you to rejoin the Army before your condition will admit of
            it, with the most perfect safety. I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt servt

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Brown, 9 July 1778
From: Brown, John
To: Washington, George

            Dr Sr
            Providence July 9th 1778

          I being a Small part Concern’d in a prize Ship Arived at the port of Boston with a
            Cargo of Maderia wine and haveing lately ben told that Good wine was not to be bot at or
            near Your Camp, have taken the Liberty to present You with a Butt Qt 157 Gs. which was
            picked out by Collo. More, as the Best in the whole Cargo which Consisted of about
            29,000 Gallons the Same was well Cassed up and Forworded by Thoms Chace D.Q.M. Genl as
            pr Copy of his Recept Inclosed, I wish it Safe to Your
            hands, & Hartily Congrattulate You on the Late Signel Success of our Arms in the
            Jerseys and Most Sincearly wish You a Continuation of the Devine Favour and that You May
            Long Live to Injoy this most Happey Free and Independent Empire which You have in a Very
            Great Meisure ben the Cause of Establishing. I am with the Graitest Respect Dr Sr Your
            Most Obt Humble Servt

            John Brown

            P.S., the Butt is Marked on the Bulge, JB to GW.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 9 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

            Sir
            Newark [N.J.] 9th July 1778

          I yesterday met yours of the 6th on the march to this place, at which, the front
            division of the Army arrived in the morning. They halt this day and will march again at
            one OClock tomorrow Morning. The other divisions follow at a days distance. I am glad to
            hear that every thing will be ready at Kings ferry to transport the Army and hope that
            measures will be taken to keep the passage open should the Enemy attempt to interrupt
            it—Since my last, we have discovered a number more of
            their dead, near Monmouth; the buried now amount to upwards of three hundred. The number
            of deserters, to every quarter, will be near if not quite one thousand. I am with
            Respect Sir Yr most obt and hble Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Peter Muhlenberg, 9 July 1778
From: Muhlenberg, Peter
To: Washington, George

            Sir.
            [New Jersey] July 9th 1778.

          Colo. Josiah Parker of the 5th Virginia Regt returnd to Camp, since the temporary
            Arangement of the 1st 5th & 9th Regiments made by Your Excellencys Order, so that there is at present no Command for him, except he
            should supersede Colo. Richd Parker, who now Commands the Regt who has made the whole
            Winters Campaign, & takes great pains to put the Regt in good Order—Colo. J.
            Parker wishes to know Your Excellencys pleasure with regard to himself that he may act
            accordingly. Your Excellencys Most Obedt humble Servt

            P: Muhlenberg.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Winds, 9 July 1778
From: Winds, William
To: Washington, George

            Dear General
            Head Quarters Elizabeth Town [N.J.] July 9. 1778

          At this Critical Juncture I Cannot Delay a Moment In transmiting to your Excellency,
            Every Interesting piece of Intelligence, that Comes to My Ear, leaving it to you to
            Compare them with Accounts you may recieve through Other Hands & Make a proper
            Digest of the Whole.
          Two Men returned last Night to this place from Staten Island, one of them was Yesterday
            in New York, they had two Days to Collect the Intelligence Which follows—Nine Regiments
            are landed on Staten Island from Middletown, Who are Encamped on the Heights Near the
            Watering place, the Numbers landed at New York, are far Short of those on Staten Island,
            but the pieces of Dislocated Carriages &c. landed there is Immense, tis said,
            there were the pieces of 1500 Waggons, besides Other Carriages, on & near the
            Warfs, & Yesterday there was Nothing Doing towards puting them together. The
            Grea[te]st part of the British troops from New Jersey landed on Long Island, all the
            British General Officers were Assembled at New York supposed to be In Council, This
            Agrees with the report Made by the Officer Who went from here to Staten Island with a
            flag Yesterday, (vizt) that He was Informed by the Officer Who recd him that the
            Generals Were Gone to New York, Wherefore he Could not Accomplish the Business he went
            on.
          One of the first abovementioned Men Declares that he was in a friends House on Staten
            Island, When some British Officers Came in & took the room Next the one he was
            in, that he overheard their Conversations, part of Which was as follows, one of them
            Acknowledged the Regt he belonged to had lost upwards of 80 Men in their March through
            New Jersey: by Desertion, Capture, Killed In Action, & Died by the Heat, Another
            Allowed the loss of his Regiment to be Great but Did not Mention Numbers, they Agreed
            that they Never saw Men so Much fatigued as their Army In General, & that it
            would take some time Yet to recover it. that they Should Do Nothing More untill the
            Arrival of another Packett, Which they feared Would bring Orders for their Going to the
            West Indies, but if not, they Should Make some Other Grand push, Altho they Could not
            see any Advantage that Could possibly Arise from such a Measure, tho Great Evils May. a
            Violent hot press in New York the Night before last in Which they picked up about 400
            Men &  forced them on board the Men of War, among them Many
            who were no seamen.
          I have now to Acknowledge the Rect of Your Excellencys favr Through Col: Tilghman,
            Which Came to hand since the Above was wrote Your
            Excellency May rely on Recieving Every piece of Intelligence that I Can possibly
            Collect. I am Dr Genl Your Most Obdt Humb. servt

            Wm Winds

            Inclosed are two late New York Papers for your Excellencys Amusement.


Title: To George Washington from Henry Laurens, 10 July 1778
From: Laurens, Henry
To: Washington, George

            sir.
            Philadelphia 10th July 1778

          I had the honor of writing to Your Excellency by Major Putnam the 8th Inst.
          Congress while sitting before Noon received intelligence of the following import.
          Mr Blair McLenahan said he had seen a Capt. Selby or Selwin off Chincoteague who had
            fallen in with the French Fleet Eastward of Bermuda—the Admiral had taken him on board
            & enjoined him to pilot the ffleet to this Coast, the ffleet arrived near
            Chincoteague in the Evening of the 5th Inst. there they found the Ship Lydia of 26 Guns
            from New York on a Cruise—she was sunk by a french Frigate of 36 Guns—On Monday Capt.
            selby was sent on Shoar in order to procure Pilots he engaged six to go on board the
            French ffleet upon Wednesday—the Fleet consisted of the Admiral Count d’Estaing of 90
            Guns—2 Ships of 80—8 of 74—1 of 64.—4 of 36. & said to have 12000 Men—they had
            taken a Ship of 18 Guns from Providence before they had made the Land.
          War was to be declared against England by France & Spain on the 19th May—they
            had originally intended for Delaware but hearing that  the Enemy were
            gone to New York they required Pilots to conduct them to Sandy Hook, they had then six
            Months provision on board. Your Excellency will perceive by the inclosed printed paper
            that a Fleet had been prepared at Portsmouth in order to intercept or annoy this
              Fleet of which ’tis possible the Count d’Estaing may
            be ignorant as he sailed from Toulon the 15th April ’tis possible also that a Check may
            have been put upon that by a Fleet from Brest, be that as it may, Count d’Estaing should
            be apprized of this important circumstance & also of the strength of the British
            Marine power in New York, which from the best accounts we have been able to collect is
            made up of the following Ships—

              Boyne
              70 Guns.
              Centurion
              50.
              Roebuck
              44.

              Eagle
              64.
              Experiment
              50.
              Phœnix
              44.

              St Alban
              64.
              Preston
              50.
              & many Frigates

              Ardent
              64.
              Renown
              50.

              Sommerset
              64.
              Chatham
              50.

              Trident
              64.
              Isis
              50.

              Vigilant formerly
              64.

          I shall endeavor to reach Count d’Estaing with the necessary advices on the
            Coast of New Jersey or off the Capes of Delaware—Your
            Excellency will, if he shall have proceeded nearer Sandy Hook endeavor to meet him with
            a Letter where it may reach him, & you will also concert measures for improving
            the force under Your Excellency’s immediate Command & that under the direction
            of Major General Gates, in the present critical conjuncture.
          Your Excellency will also if you have a more exact Account of the British Fleet at New
            York make proper corrections upon the list above enumerated. I have the honor to be With
            the highest Esteem & Respect Sir Your Excellencys Most obedient & most
            humble servant

            Henry Laurens, President of Congress

            It is almost unnecessary to intimate to Your Excellency the propriety of opening
              & keeping up a correspondence with the Admiral Count d’Estaing.


Title: To George Washington from Theodosia Bartow Prevost, 10 July 1778
From: Prevost, Theodosia Bartow
To: Washington, George

            Hermitage [Ho-Ho-Kus, N.J.] Friday morning, eleven oclock [10 July
              1778]

          Mrs Prevost Presents her best respects to his Excellency Genl Washington—requests the
            Honour of his Company—as She flatters herself the accommodations will [be] more
            Commodious than those to be procured in the Neighbourhood⟨.⟩ Mrs Prevost will be
            particularly happy to make her House Agreeable to His Excellency, and family.


Title: From George Washington to John Cleves Symmes, 10 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Symmes, John Cleves

            Sir
            Paramus [N.J.] 10th July 1778

          I recd yours of the 8th instant near this place, and am extremely sorry to hear of the
            melancholy stroke that has fallen upon the Wyoming settlement. I have lately made a very
            considerable detatchment from the Army to go to Fort Pitt to quell the Indian
            disturbances in that  quarter, and
            from the loss of Men in the late Action near Monmouth and the numbers that have fallen
            down thro’ fatigue in the excessive heat, I could not, but in a case of the greatest
            emergency, spare any more. What I shall therefore advise at present is for you and the
            Gentlemen in your Neighbourhood, to gain the most exact intelligence of the Enemy’s
            Number, Situation and intention. I am of opinion that now they have struck the meditated
            Blow they will retire and not attempt to penetrate the Country, but should they seem
            seriously to persist, I will, upon hearing from you again, afford what force I can, to
            give them a check—In the mean time all possible opposition should be given by the
            Militia remaining above. I shall discharge those on service below. I am &c.


Title: To George Washington from John Cleves Symmes, 10 July 1778
From: Symmes, John Cleves
To: Washington, George

            Sir.
            Minisinks [N.J.] the 10th of july 1778.

          I have the honor to transmit to Your Excellency an Examination of Jacob Wise, who says
            Many things of the Intentions and Movments of the Enemy, the Substance of which Your
            Excellency will have Inclosed.
          It would be vain in me to Comment or infer. I beg leave only to Mention to your
            Excellency that the Militia come in but slow, we have not three hundred men on the River
            and an extent of 30 Miles frontier. our safety at present depends on the delays of the
            Enemy, which we cannot expect will protect us long. I should think myself too officious
            were I to expostulate with your Excellency on our situation.
          The distressed Inhabitants from Wioming are passing this post by hundreds in the Most
            forlorn Condition; Perhaps no Age has produced a paralel of Cruelty.
          John Devee (now present) who Escaped the battle assures Me that 360 Men fell in the
            Action who now lie Unburied. I have the honor to be, Your Excellencies humble
            servant

            John Cleves Symmes