Title: General Orders, 21 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Moore’s House [West Point]Saturday August 21st 1779.
          Parole Ludlow—  C. Signs Lynn. Malden.

        At a General Court Martial of the line the 11th instant Colonel Russell President—Captain Ashmead of the 2nd Pennsylvania regiment, late of the Light-Infantry was tried for “Being drunk in the time of the assault on Stony-Point the morning of the 16th of July last and behaving ridiculously and unbecoming an officer at the head of his company in crossing the Morass.
        “2ndly For disobeying the General’s orders by frequently huzzaing during the approach to the enemy’s works, to the prejudice of good order and military discipline & tending to promote confusion among the troops at that critical juncture.”
        The Court do unanimously agree that Captain Ashmead is not guilty of the 1st charge and do therefore acquit him of it; but are of opinion that he is guilty of the 2nd charge, being a breach of the latter part of the 5th Article of the 2nd Section of the Articles of War.
        They are of opinion that the breach of orders which subjects Captain Ashmead to be found guilty, agreeable to the Articles of War, did not proceed from a Willful or Designed Disobedience of Orders but from an involuntary impulse of the Mind, owing to Inadvertency, and do therefore sentence him to be reprimanded by His Excellency in General Orders.
        Captain Ashmead’s conduct was certainly very reprehensible and of such a nature as has a tendency to defeat the most important and best concerted enterprises.
        At the same Court the 14th instant, Mr Jonathan Blake commanding a company of Artificers was tried, 1st “For tearing and concealing a letter wrote by Col. Koscuiszko to Colonel Hay D.Q.M.G. during the alarm, relative to his company’s going to the Fort.” 2ndly For absenting himself frequently from duty without leave 3rdly For employing in a clandestine manner several of his men upon his farm while he drew provisions for them from the public store and return’d them “Fit for duty present”—found guilty of the 1st and 3rd charges exhibited against him and sentenced to make restitution to the public in money by a stoppage from his pay for the time he employed the men of his

company on business of his own and for the provisions that was drawn for them from the public stores while they were so employed and that he be cashiered.
        The Commander in Chief confirms the sentence and orders it to take place.
        At the same Court the 10th instant, Adjutant English of late Brewer’s regiment was tried for “Ordering and warning Lieutenant Pray for duty when it was not his tour”—found guilty and sentenced to be reprimanded by the officer commanding the regiment in presence of the officers of the regiment.
        Adjutant English is released from his Arrest.
        Ezekiel Case of the 5th Connecticutt regiment was tried at a Brigade-General Court Martial whereof Majr Walbidge was President the 19th instant for “Repeated desertion and the last time to the enemy, where he took up arms against the United-States” found guilty being a breach of the 1st Article, 6th Section of the Articles of War and unanimously sentenced to suffer death.
        His Excellency, the Commander in Chief confirms the sentence.


Title: From George Washington to the Board of War, 21 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

          Gentlemen
          West point August 21: 1779

        I have had the honor of Your Letter of the 10th inclosing one from Mr Hughes for obtaining Captain Swan’s exchange. The only Rule by which equal justice can be done to prisoners, is to exchange them according to the priority of their capture. This I have invariably directed to be pursued where the circumstance of rank would apply and I can never depart from it, unless cases should arise making a departure most obviously necessary. and this Rule ought to operate

as well in parole as final exchanges & so I have ordered it. It is so reasonable and so evidently just that all must feel and assent to its propriety—Any other would do injustice and be the source of a thousand well grounded complaints. If Captain Swan comes within this Rule, he will be exchanged of course; if he does not, his exchange cannot take place. I have the Honor to be with great respect Gentn Yr Most Obedt st

          G. Washington.

          P.S. I received the Boards Letter of the 9th transmitting One from Colo. Bland—which I have answered.


Title: From George Washington to the Board of War, 21 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

          Gentlemen
          Head Quarters West point Augt 21 1779

        On the 19th I received the Honor of Your Letter of the 9th and knowing how very essential harmony is to promote our Affairs and to bring them to a happy conclusion—I was much concerned to find, that there was a cause of difference between You and General Sullivan. I inclose a Copy of a Letter of this date which I have written to Congress in consequence of your Letter upon the subject, in which you will perceive my opinion of your conduct. It is much to be wished that Mankind in general were more disposed to accomodate difficulties than they are. In the circumstances of our present Warfare such a disposition is peculiarly necessary—and according to my ideas the Man who endeavours to do this—whether Civil or Miltiary, consults well the interest of his Country. The Obstacles and difficulties which unavoidably occur are more than sufficient of themselves—and should prohibit any measures to encrease them. I have the honor to be with great respect & esteem Gentlemen Yr Most Obedt sert

          G. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Richard Butler, 21 August 1779
From: Butler, Richard
To: Washington, George

          Sir
          Camp Fort Montgomery [N.Y.] 21st Augt 1779

        It is with the utmost concern I take the liberty to trouble your Excellency with this Epistle and nothing but the slender state of my fortune could induce me to do it.
        Last Spring I had the Ration account of my Regiment settled by Lieutenant Knox, then Qr Master, which amounted to 3136 Dollars for which your Excellency was pleased to grant a Warrant—and as the pay Master General had not money I was requested to take it to Philadelphia—and receive the money which I did. I there bought Velvet & black leather Stocks and Garters to amount of 820 Dollars for the men, which I have delivered them, the Ballance in my hands was 2316 Dollars, which my own & the Quarter Master’s absence, who had the accounts, prevented me paying to the soldiers. When I left the grand Army to join the Light Infantry, I sent my Baggage to Goshen as a place of safety, keeping only what I could not do without for the Campaign; among it was this money beside about 400£ of my own and some small plate. A soldier who had been my Waiter last Campaign knew of the money and other things being there, and happened to be sent with the man that has the care of my horses & baggage to help to take the Horses to that place and bring some books and Instruments that I wanted here, had address enough to make the other drunk and take my keys from him and then robbed the Chest of the 2316 Dollars, all my money, plate, best Cloathing and fine linnen & has gone to the Enemy. I have done all in my power to find out some of the things to no purpose. I find the whole loss to be about three Thousand pounds—a much greater sum than I can afford to loose—and which is not to be made up in the Army in my situation. Had I wherewith to pay it here or could I spare it without falling on my little land estate, which I really cannot, I assure Your Excellency

I would not have mentioned it. And as I am conscious of the care I endeavoured to take and that it is not my fault that it is lost, but owing to the folly of my waiter and my detached situation, which admitted of his being imposed on by the Villain; I flatter myself Your Excellency will think it more proper the public should be at the loss of the public money than me, as I really had no other interest in it than drawing it for my men and had not an opportunity to pay it, as I had to move immediately on my joining Camp at Milstone and have been detached ever since.
        I hope Your Excellency will endeavour to prevent so great a loss to one, so illy able to bear it. In truth Sir, all I wish is the replacing the 2316 Dollars of public money—and your permission to purchase some small matter of Cloathing out of the public store to answer my present & real necessity, which may enable me to remain in the service—which nothing but loss and necessity could induce me to quit. &c.

          Richard Butler Colo.Lt Infantry


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 21 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

          Dr Sir,
          West Point Augst 21st 1779.

        I have the pleasure to inform you that in the night of the 18th Major Lee with a detachment of 400 men surprised the enemy’s garrison at Powles-hook (which you know is within cannon shot of the batteries at New York)—& brought off the garrison consisting of about 150 Men.
        Such repeated instances of disgrace to the British arms will undoubtedly, make them feel sore, & seek opportunities to retaliate upon such parts of our army as are most accessible; than which none is more exposed than Nixons and Glovers Brigades. To this effect I have already written to General Howe, and wish you to give & indeed see, that the necessary precautions are used to guard Nixon from a surprise.
        The spirit of enterprize which is already gone forth, & hitherto

crowned with success should not be checked, but confined to proper objects; & such as appear to be fully within our reach. should it be found therefore, that the enemy advance Picquets beyond their works at Verplanks point, cannot they be taken off? and a snare laid for the persuers, if any attempt is made to rescue the Prisoners? To me the thing seems easy: & only requires the necessary information, which an enterprising & judicious Officer who might be entrusted with the execution would soon obtain without betraying the design of his inquiries.
        Pray is Genl Parsons from camp still? if he is, and no very good reason assigned for it, I think he should be required to join his Brigade. I am Dr Sr Your Most Obet, servant

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 21 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

          Dear Sir,
          West-point Augt 21st 1779.

        In my Letter of yesterday I observed that through the assistance of —— & his agents, and other Channels, you might obtain accurate knowledge of the position of the enemy without Kings-bridge. I am still of the same opinion; but under the idea I entertain of —— I do not conceive it would be expedient in you to drop the smallest hint by which he could discover the tendency of these enquiries, much more the time and manner of execution, if these should be the result of them. considering him as a double character, it is more than possible he would give some intimitation by which the project would be ruined, if otherwise it bid fair for success. nor would it be in his power to deny to the enemy (who probably would charge him with it) his having any knowledge of the transaction if he really should have had previous intimation of it.
        I am now led, though perswaded it is unnecessary, to caution you against a surprize yourself—the enemy will feel themselves much hurt at the repeated instances of disgrace their arms have lately met with; and will most assuredly attempt to bury it in some stroke of retaliation on such parts of the Army as is most accessable—than which none is more so than that under your commd, because every preparation for it can be concealed, & the Troops are on the spot ready to operate at a moments warning, I could not therefore restrain my pen on this head, though I am perswaded you will do every thing that Military prudence can dictate to guard against it. With sincere esteem & regard I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt St

          Go. W——n.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Stirling, 21 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)

          My Lord.
          [21 August 1779]

        I have been duly favored with your letter of the 19th written at 9 O’clock A.M. and that of the same date of one O’clock P.M. containing the agreeable information of Major Lees having succeeded against Powles Hook. I join my congratulations with your Lordships on this occasion and thank you for the effectual assistance afforded Major Lee in completing the enterprise. The increase of confidence which the army will derive from this affair and that of Stoney point, I flatter myself tho great will be among the least of the advantages resulting from these events.
        As the enemy must feel himself disgraced by these losses he may endeavor to lessen it by a retaliation in kind. It is natural to expect his attempts on such parts of the army, as lye most exposed. This sentiment I make no doubt has occurred to your Lordship, and will of course proportion your vigilance to the nature of your situation, and the danger which may be apprehended.
        I have this moment received your letter of the 20th. Your Lordship will be pleased to give my thanks to the officers & troops concerned in the capture of the garrison at Powles Hook for their good conduct and gallant behaviour on the occasion. The commissary of prisoners is directed to attend to receive the British prisoners.
        Mr Erskine has left this for the purpose of laying out the road mentioned in one of your Lordships former letters—I wish to have it completed as soon as possible. I am &.


Title: General Orders, 22 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Moores House [West Point]Sunday Augt 22nd 1779.
          Parole Belgrade—  C. Signs Bethlehem Buda.

        The General Court Martial whereof Coll Stewart is President to sit tomorrow morning nine ôclock at the usual place—The General has the pleasure to inform the army that on the night of the 18th instant, Major Lee at the head of a party composed of his own Corps and detachments from the Virginia and Maryland lines surprized the Garrison of Powle’s Hook and brought off a considerable number of Prisoners with very little loss on our side; The Enterprise was executed with a distinguished degree of Address, Activity and Bravery and does great honor to Major Lee and to all the officers and men under his command who are requested to accept the General’s warmest thanks.
        For this day and during the present spell of wet weather the whole army is to be supplied with full rations of rum.
        The officers will be particularly attentive that the men use every precaution for the preservation of their arms and ammunition and will carefully inspect them in the intervals of fair weather.
        At a division General Court-Martial the 14th instant Colonel Wood President, Lieutenant Roger Triplet of the 2nd Virginia State regiment was tried for “Appearing on the brigade parade the 5th instant and taking charge of a Platoon when so drunk as to be incapable of doing his duty.”
        The Court are of opinion that Lieutenant Triplet is guilty of the charge exhibited against him being a breach of the 5th Article of the 13th Section of the Articles of War and sentence him to be cashiered.
        The Commander in Chief approves the sentence; but sincerely laments that any officer should not have more regard for his character and the duties of his station than to suffer himself to be betrayed into

a situation, which is so injurious to the one and which incapacitates him so intirely for the other.


Title: From George Washington to John Beatty, 22 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Beatty, John

          Sir
          Head Quarters West-point 22d Augt 1779.

        I inclose you a letter from Major Genl Heath, relative to the exchange of a Dr Richardson Surgeons mate to Col. Graytors Regt for one of the same rank of the enemy taken at Stony-point.
        I have no objection to its execution If the facts are as stated. I would however observe that I am informed some of the Doctors taken at this place hold commissions in the line. This should be enquired into and an exchange with such avoided, or made only for one of the enemy’s mates without rank in the line.
        I suppose you have given directions to one of your deputies to take order, on the prisoners made at Powles Hook. I am &c.


Title: To George Washington from Captain Samuel Booker et al., 22 August 1779
From: Booker, Samuel
To: Washington, George

          Fort Mongomery [N.Y.] Augt 22d 1779

        Your Excellen[c]yes Memoriallists truly Sensible of the Extraordinary hardships to which they are Expos’d from being orderd in

December last from Middlebrook by the Commanding officers of thier Respective Regemts on command to Virga, with the troops Reinlisted in persuanece of your Excellencies orders, are compel’d hereby to present to your Excellencyes Consideration a true State of facts Vez, Several of your Excellencyes memoriallists consist of Subalterns whose pay is inconsiderable perticularly in the deprecated Situation of our currency, and the Exorbitant Expences that must necesarily arise from Such duty, Your Excellencies memoriallists aprehensive that they were Entitled to the benefit of a Certain Resolution of Congress, wherein is an allowance of three dollars $r day have made frequent aplication to the auditors office for the purpose of Settlement without Success, We are therefore obligd altho: with greatest Reluctency to appeal to your Excellency for Redress, assuring your Excellency two years pay would not Reimburse Some of us in the necesary Expenditures arising from about the twentieth of Decembr untill the latter End of april last which was the time of our Return, we Your Excellencies memoriallists therefore humbly Submit our Case to your consideration with full assurance that we can not pass unnotic’d, as the propriety of our Claim is so Evidently obvious.

          Saml Booker Capt. 11th V. RtJohn Crittenden Lieut. 11th V. RtThomas Fox Lt 6th V. R.James Williams Capte 6th V. Regm.Nathan Lamme Capt. 6th V. RgtDavid Williams Lieut. 7th Virga Regt


Title: From George Washington to Major Henry Lee, Jr., 22 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Henry Jr.

          Dr Sir
          Head Quarters West-point 22d August 1779

        As Congress are yet uninformed of the enterprise against Powles Hook, and I am anxious to have them furnished with the particulars, I have to request your report without delay. I heart[i]ly congratulate you and wish you to give my thanks to the officers and troops who were concerned on this occasion. I am &

          G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Major Henry Lee, Jr., 22 August 1779
From: Lee, Henry Jr.
To: Washington, George

          Sir
          Paramus [N.J.] 22d August 1779.

        Lord Stirling was pleased to communicate to your Excellency my verbal Report to his Lordship of the 19th instant. I now do myself the

honor to present a particular relation of the Enterprize which your Excellency was pleased to commit to my direction.
        I took command of the troops employed on this occasion on the 18th They amounted to four hundred Infantry composed of detachments from the Virginia and Maryland Divisions, and one troop of dismounted Dragoons. For the full explanation of the Modes of approach, attack, and retreat—I beg leave to refer to the order of March and disposition of Battle transmitted in the present enclosure.
        The troops moved from the Vicinity of the New Bridge about four oClock P.M. Patrols of Horse being detached to watch the communication with the North River, and parties of Infantry stationed at the different Avenues leading to Powles Hook: My anxiety to render the march as easy as possible, induced me to pursue the Bergen Road lower than intended. After filing into the mountains the timidity or treachery of the principal Guide prolonged a short march into a march of three Hours, by this means the troops were exceedingly harassed, and being obliged to pass through deep mountainous Woods to regain our Route, some parties of the Rear were unfortunately separated. This affected me most sensibly, as it not only diminished the number of the Men destined for the Assault, but deprived me of the aid of several Officers of distinguished Merit.
        On reaching the point of separation, I found my first disposition impracticable both from the near approach of day and the rising of the tide. Not a moment being to spare, I paid no attention to the punctilio’s of honor or Rank, but ordered the troops to advance in their then disposition. Lieutenant Rudulph, whom I had previously detached to reconnoitre the passages of the Canal returned to me at this point of time and reported that all was silence within the Works, that he had fathomed the Canal and found the passage on the Center Rout still admissible. This intervening intelligence was immediately communicated from Front to Rear and the troops pushed on with that Resolution, order and coolness which ensures success.
        The forlorn Hopes, led by Lieut. McCallister of the Maryland [detachment] and Lieut. Rudulph of the Dragoons marched on with trailed Arms in most profound silence. Such was the singular address of these two Gentlemen that the first notice to the Garrison was The Forlorne’s plunging into the Canal. A firing immediately commenced from the Block Houses and along the line of Abattis but did not in the least check the advance of the Troops. The forlorne supported by Major Clarke at the head of the right Column, broke thro’ all opposition, and fou⟨nd⟩ an entrance into the main Work. So rapid was the movement of the troops that we gained the Fort before the discharge of a single peice of Artillery. The Center Column conducted by Capt.

Forsyth on passing the Abattis took a direction to their left. Lieut. Armstrong led on the advanced of this Column. They soon possessed themselves of the Officers and troops posted at the House No. 6. and fully completed every object of their destination. The rear Column under Capt. Handy moved forward in support of the whole. Thus were we completely victorious in the space of a few Moments.
        The appearances of day light, my apprehension least some accident might have befallen the Boats, the numerous difficulties of the Retreat, the harrassed State of the troops, and the destruction of all our ammunition by passing the Canal conspired in influencing me to retire the Moment of Victory. Major Clarke with the right Column was immediately put in motion with the greater part of the prisoners. Capt. Handy followed on with the remainder. Lieutenants Armstrong and Reed formed the rear Guard.
        Immediately on the commencement of the Retreat, I sent forward Capt. Forsyth to priors Mill to collect such Men from the different Columns as were most fit for Action and to take post on the heights of Bergen to cover the Retreat.
        On my reaching this place, I was informed by Cornet Neill (who had been posted there during the Night for the purpose of laying the Bridge and communicating with the Boats) that my Messenger directed to him previous to the attack had not arrived, nor had he heard from Capt. Peyton who had charge of the Boats.
        Struck with apprehension that I should be disappointed in the route of retreat, I rode forward to the front under Majr Clarke whom I found very near the point of embarkation and no Boats to receive them. In this very critical situation I lost no time in my decision, but ordered the troops to regain Bergen Road and move on to the New Bridge: at the same time I communicated my disappointment to Lord Stirling by Express, then returned to priors Bridge to the Rear Guard.
        Oppressed by every possible misfortune; at the Head of troops worn down by a rapid March of thirty Miles, thro’ Mountains, Swamps and deep Morasses, without the least refreshment during the whole March⟨,⟩ Ammunition destroyed, encumbered with prisoners and a retreat of fourteen Miles to make good, on a Route admissible of interception at several points by a march of two, three, or four Miles. One Body moving in our Rear, and another (from the intelligence I had received from the captured Officers) in all probability well advanced on our Right—a Retreat naturally impossible to our left. Under all these distressing circumstances, my sole dependance was in the persevering gallantry of the Officers and obstinate courage of the Troops. In this I was fully satisfied by the shouts of the Soldiery

who gave every proof of unimpaired Vigor on the Moment that the Enemy’s approach was announced.
        Having gained the point of interception opposite Weehock, Capt. Handy was directed to move with his division on the mountain Road in order to facilitate the retreat. Capt. Catlett of the 2d Virginia Regt fortunately joined me at this moment at the Head of fifty Men with good Ammunition. I immediately halted this Officer and having detached two parties, the one in the Bergen Road in the Rear of Maj⟨or⟩ Clarke, the other on the Banks of the North River. I moved with the party under command of the Captain on the Center Route. By these precautions a sudden approach of the Enemy was fully prevented. I am very much indebted to this Officer and the Gentlemen under him for their alacrity and Vigilance on this occasion.
        On the Rears approach to the Fort Lee Road we met a detachment under the command of Colo. Ball, which Lord Stirling had pushed forward on the first notice of our situation to support the Retreat. The Colonel moved on and occupied a position which effectually covered us.
        Some little time after this, a Body of the Enemy (alluded to in the intelligence I mentioned to have received from the Officers while in the fort) made their appearance issuing out of the Woods on our right, and moving thro’ the feilds directly to the Road. They immediately commenced a fire upon my Rear. Leiutenant Reed was ordered to face them while Lieut. Rudulph threw himself with a party into a stone House which commanded the Road. These two Officers were directed mutually to support each other and give time for the troops to pass the English Neighbourhood Creek at the Liberty Pole. On the enemy’s observing this disposition they immediately retired by the same Route they had approached and gained the Woods. The precipitation with which they retired preventing the possibility of Colo. Balls falling in with them, saved the whole.
        The Body which moved in our Rear having excessively fatigued themselves by the rapidity of thier march, thought prudent to halt before they came in contact with us.
        Thus Sir was every attempt to cut off our Rear completely baffled. The troops arrived safe at the New Bridge with all the prisoners about 1 oClock P.M. on the 19th.
        I should commit the highest injustice, was I not to assure your Excellency that my endeavours were fully seconded by every Officer in his station, nor can any discrimination justly be made, but what arose from opportunity. The troops vied with each other in patience under their many sufferings and conducted themselves in every vicissitude of fortune with a resolution which reflects the highest honor on them.

        During the whole Action not a single Musket was fired on our side—the Bayonet was our sole dependance.
        Having gained the fort, such was the order of the troops, and attention of the Officers, that the soldiers were prevented from plundering, altho’ in the midst of every sort.
        American humanity has been again signally manifested. Self preservation strongly dictated on the retreat the putting the prisoners to death, and British Cruelty fully justified it, notwithstanding which not a man was wantonly hurt.
        During the progress of the troops in the Works, from the different Reports of my Officers, I conclude not more than fifty of the Enemy were killed and a few wounded. Among the killed is one Officer, supposed from his description to be a Captain in Colo. Buskirks Regt. Our loss on this occasion is very trifling. I have not yet had a report from the detachment of Virginians but as I conclude their loss to be proportionate to the loss of the other troops, I can venture to pronounce that the loss of the whole in killed, wounded and missing will not exceed twenty. As soon as the Report comes to hand, I will transmit to Head Quarters an accurate Return. I herewith inclose a Return of the prisoners taken from the Enemy.
        At every point of the Enterprize I stood highly indebted to Maj: Clarke for his Zeal, activity and example. Captains Handy and Forsyth have claim to my particular thanks for the support I experience from them on every occasion. The Captains Reed, McClane, Smith, Crump and Wilmot behaved with the greatest Zeal and intrepidity. I must acknowledge myself very much indebted to Major Burnet and Capt. Peyton of the Dragoons for their Council and indefatagability in the previous preparations to the attack. The premature withdraw of the Boats was owing to the non arrival of my dispatches and tho’ a most mortifying circumstance can be called nothing more than unfortunate. Lieut. Vanderville, who was to have commanded one of the Forlornes, but was thrown out by the alteration of the disposition of Battle, conducted himself perfectly soldier like. The whole of the officers behaved with the greatest propriety, and as I said before no discrimination can justly be made but what arose from oppertunity.
        The Lieutenants McCallister—Armstrong, Reed and Rudulph distinguished themselves remarkably. Too much praise cannot be given to these Gentlemen for their prowess and example. Capt. Bradford of the Train who volunteered it with me for the purpose of taking direction of the Artillery deserves my warmest thanks for his Zeal and Activity. I am personally indebted to Capt. Rudulph and Dr Irvine of the Dragoons who attended me during the Expedition, for their many Services.

        I beg leave to present your Excellency with the Flag of the Fort by the Hands of Mr McCallister the Gentleman into whose possession it fell.
        It is needless for me to explain my Reasons for the instantaneous evacuation of the Fort. Your Excellency’s knowledge of the post will suggest fully the propriety of it. The Event confirms it.
        Among the many unfortunate circumstances which crossed our wishes; none was more so, than the accidental absence of Colo. Buskirk and the greatest part of his Regt. They had set out on an Expedition up the North River the very night of the attack. A Company of vigilant Hessians had taken their place in the fort, which rendered the secrecy of approach more precarious, and at the same time diminished the object of the Enterprize by a reduction of the Numbe⟨rs⟩ of the Garrison. Major Sutherland fortunately saved himself by a Soldiers counterfeiting his person. This imposition was not discovered till too late.
        I intended to have burnt the Barracks, but on finding a Number of sick Soldiers and Women with young Children in them, humanity forbad the Execution of my intention. The Key of the Magazine could not be found, nor could it be broke open in the little time we had to spare, many attempts having been made to that purpose by the Lieutenants McCallister and Reed. It was completely impracticable to bring off any peices of Artillery. I consulted Capt. Bradford on the point who confirmed me in my opinion. The circumstance of spiking them being trivial it was omitted altogether.
        After most of the troops had retired from the Works and were passed and passing the Canal, a fire of Musquetrey commenced from a few straglers who had collected in an old Work on the right of the main fort. Their fire being ineffectual and the object trifling, I determined not to break in upon the order of retreat, but continued passing the defile in front. I cannot conclude this Relation without expressing my warmest thanks to Lord Stirling for the full patronage I received from him in every Stage of the Enterprize. I must also return my thanks to the Cavalry for their vigilant Execution of the duties assigned them.
        Capt. Rudulph waits on your Excellency with these dispatches, I beg leave to refer to this Officer for any further explanation that may be required. I have the honor to be Sir with the most perfect Respect Yr Excellency’s most obt and most humble Servt

          Henry Lee Junr


Title: From George Washington to Joseph Reed, 22 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Reed, Joseph

            Dear Sir,
            West-point Augt 22d 79

          Mr Tilghman delivered me your favour of the 8th Instt for which, & the favourable sentiments expressed of me in your publication, addressed to the Printer of the Maryland journal, you will permit me to offer my grateful acknowledgements.
          The loss of Fort Washington simply—abstracted from the circumstances which attended it—was an event that gave me much pain, because it deprived the army of the Services of many valuable Men at

a critical period, and the public of many valuable lives, by the cruelties which were inflicted upon them in their captive state. But this concern receivd additional poignancy from two considerations which were but little known & one of them never will be known to the world, because I shall never attempt to paliate my own foibles by exposing the error of another; nor indeed could either of them come before the public unless there had been such a charge as must have rendered an enquiry into the causes of this miscarriage necessary. The one was a non-compliance in General Greene with an order sent him from White-plains before I marched for the Western-side of Hudsons River to withdraw the Artillery—Stores—&ca from the Fort; allowing him however some latitude for the exercise of his own judgment as he was upon the spot, & could decide better from appearances and circumstances than I, the propriety of a total evacuation—The other was a resolve of Congress in these emphatic words:

          “Friday Octr 11th 1776.
          Resolved, that General Washington be desired, if it be practicable, by every art and whatever expence to obstruct effectually the Navigation of the North River, between Fort Washington and Mount Constitution, as well to prevent the regress of the enemys Frigates lately gone up, as to hinder them from receiving succours.”
          When I came to Fort Lee & found no measures taken for an evacuation in consequence of the order aforementioned. When I found General Greene of whose judgment & candour I entertained a good opinion, decidedly opposed to it—When I found other opinions coinciding with his—When the wishes of Congress to obstruct the Navigation of the North river, and which were delivered in such forceable terms to me, recurred—When I knew that the easy communication between the different parts of the army then seperated by the River depended upon it—and lastly, when I considered that our policy led us to waste the campaign without coming to a general action on the one hand, or to suffer the enemy to overrun the Country on the other, I conceived that every impediment which stood in their way was a mean to answer these purposes, and when thrown into the scale of those opinions which were opposed to an evacuation caused that warfare in my mind and hesitation which ended in the loss of the garrison, and being repugnant to my own judgment of the advisability of attempting to hold the Post, filled me with the greater regret.
          The two great causes which led to this misfortune (and which I have before recited) as well perhaps as my reasoning upon it, which occasioned the delay, were concealed from public view; of course left the field of censure quite open for any, and every labourer who inclined to work in it, and afforded a fine theme for the pen of a malignant

writer; who is always less regardful of facts than the point he wants to establish where he has the field wholly to himself, and where concealment of a few circumstances will answer his purpose—or where a small transposition of them will give a very different complexion to the same transaction.
          Why I have run into such a lengthy discussion of this point—at this time—I am at a loss myself to tell—I meant but to touch it, en passent, but one idea succeeded to another, till it would seem that I had been preparing my defence for a regular charge.
          My ideas of what seems to be the only mode left to keep our Battalions to their establishment or near it, you are already acquainted with, as they were conveyed at large to the Com[mitt]ee at Valley forge in —78. I have seen no cause since to change my opinion on this head but abundant reason to confirm me in it. No Man dislikes short and temporary enlistments more than I do—No man ever had greater cause to reprobate and even curse the fatal policy of the measure than I have—nor no man (with decency) ever opposed it more in the early part of this contest; & had my advice respecting this matter been pursued in the years Seventy five and six, our money would have been upon a very different establishment in point of credit to what it is at this day, as we should have saved Millions of pds in bounty money, and the consequent evils of expiring armies, and new levies. But those hours are passed never to be recalled—such men as compose the bulk of an army are in a different train of thinking and acting to what they were in the early stages of the war, and nothing is now left for it but an annual & systematical mode of drafting; which while we retain the stamina of an army (engaged for the War) will be the best, indeed I see no other substitute, for voluntary enlistment—In fact it will come to this, for there are people enow (old Soldiers) who will hire as substitutes, and the difference will be, that instead of the public’s emitting, or borrowing money to pay their bounties (which is enlarged greatly every new enlistment) these sums will be paid by individuals—will increase the demand for circulating cash—and, as with all other commodities in demand, raise the value of it by multiplying the means of its use.
          How far those governments wch are rent & weakened by intestine divisions have energy enough to carry Statutes of this nature into execution I do not pretend to be a competent judge, but such as are well established & organized, I am sure can do it—Those that are not, the propriety of the measure is so necessary and obvious, that I should entertain little doubt of their success in the experiment.
          The Spunge which you say some Gentlemen have talked of using, unless there can be a discrimination and proper saving clauses

provided (and how far this is practicable I know not) would be unjust, and impolitic in the extreme—Perhaps I do not understand what they mean by using the Spunge—If it be to sink the money in the hands of the holders of it, and at their loss, it cannot in my opinion be justified upon any principle of common policy—common sense—or common honesty. But how far a man for instance who has possessed himself of 20 paper dollars by means of one, or the value of one, in specie, has a just claim upon the public for more than one of the latter in redemption, and in that ratio according to the periods of depreciation, I leave to those who are better acquainted with the nature of the subject, and have more leizure than I have to discuss. To me a measure of this kind appears substantial justice to the public & each individual; but whether it is capable of Administration I have never thought enough of to form any opinion.
          We have given the enemy another little stroke at Powles hook—an acct of which is transmitted to Congress by this conveyance, and will, I presume, be handed to the public—in the mean while I have the pleasure to inform you that abt 160 prisoners and the Colours of the Garrison were brought off. I am with great esteem and regard Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt & affe. Hble Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Stirling, 22 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)

          My Lord.
          Head Quarters West-point 22d Augt 1779

        I have to request your Lordship to order the boats from new-Ark to their former stations as I do not apprehend them altogther safe where they now are. I am, your Lordship’s ⟨illegible⟩

          G.W.


Title: General Orders, 23 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Moore’s House [West Point]Monday Augt 23rd 1779.
          Parole Leopol—  C. Signs Lorrain Lublin—


Title: From George Washington to Captain Bartholomew von Heer, 23 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Heer, Bartholomew von

          Sir
          Head Quarters [West Point] 23d Augt 1779.

        Be pleased to direct an Officer of your troop and six Men to take charge of a sum of public Money at present in the hands of Lieut. Lilley of Massachusetts and proceed with it to Major General Lord Stirling at Ramapough. Lieut. Lilley will most probably be found at the Qr Masters at New Burgh. The inclosed for Lord Stirling is to be delivered to him by the Officer commanding the Escorte. I am Sir Yr most obt Servt.


Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 23 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

          Sir
          Head Quarters [West Point] August the 23d 1779

        I take the liberty of transmitting to Your Excellency the inclosed Copy of a Letter I received from Colo. Butler of the 21st Instant. From the character of this Gentleman and the opinion I entertain of him as a man of strict honor and probity, I am perfectly persuaded the representation he has made of his loss, is true in every part; and I am exceedingly sorry such an accident should have happened to an Officer of his merit—and who has rendered great services to his Country. The only relief I conceived myself authorised to grant him, was to give him an order on the Cloathing Department, to furnish him with such Articles as he has occasion for, if there are any in it; at proper & reasonable rates; and I submit his case to Congress for such farther consideration as they may think it deserves. I have the Honor to be with great respect Yr Excellency’s Most Obedt servant

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 23 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

          Sir,
          Head Quarters West Point August 23d 1779

        I have the honor to inclose your Excellency Major Lee’s report of the surprise & capture of the Garrison of Powles Hook. The Major displayed a remarkable degree of prudence address enterprise and bravery upon this occasion—which does the highest honor to himself and to all the officers and men under his command. The situation of the Post rendered the attempt critical and the success brilliant: It was made in consequence of information that the garrison was in a state of negligent security, which the event has justified.
        I am much indebted to Major Genl Lord Stirling for the judicious measures he took to forward the enterprise, and to secure the retreat of the party.

        Lieut. McCalester who will have the honor of delivering these dispatches, will present Congress with the standard of the garrison which fell into his possession during the attack. Major Lee speaks of this Gentlemans conduct in the handsomest terms. I have the honor to be With perfect respect and esteem Your Excellency’s Most Obet servant

          Go: Washington

          P.s. The report not having been received till this day prevented a speedier transmission. Major Lee mentions twenty men lost on our side—Capt. Rudulph informs that since the report was concluded several of the missing had returned which will lessen the supposed loss near one half.


Title: From George Washington to Major Henry Lee, Jr., 23 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Henry Jr.

          Dr Sir,
          Head Quarters [West Point] Aug. 23d 1779

        I have received your report of the attack of Powles Hook transmitted by Capt. Rudulph which I have forwarded to Congress by Lieutenant McCalester. I shall be sorry if this should be contrary to your wish or Capt. Rudulph’s expectation, as I have the best opinion of this Gentleman’s merit. My motives for sending Mr McCalester with the dispatches were that he commanded one of the forlorn hopes and got possession of the standard. As custom required the sending this to Congress, I thought the bearer of it ought to be the person who had the good fortune to gain possession of it especially as you had forwarded it by him to me, nor would it have been warranted by precedent to have sent one with the dispatches and another with the standard. You will find my sense of your conduct and of that of the officers & men under your command, expressed in the General order of yesterday & in my Letter to Congress. I congratulate you on your success. I am with great regard Dr Sir Your most Obedt servant

          G.W.

          You will send a small escort of Dragoons with Lt McCalester.
          P.S. You will be pleased to order Capt. Handy with the detachment under his command to join his Brigade as soon as the soldiery have recd their shoes.


Title: General Orders, 24 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Moores-House [West Point]Tuesday Augt 24th 79.
          Parole Muscovy—  C. Signs Modena. Mugford.

        The proceedings of the board of Field-Officers in the Virginia line on the claims of John Allison and John Lee Esquires to the

Lieutenant Colonelcy of the 1st Virginia State regiment having been refered to the Executive Authority of that State, His Excellency the Governor and Council have been pleased to approve the report and to transmit blank Commissions to be filled up accordingly.
        These Gentlemen are therefore to take rank as follows—John Allison Esquire, Lieutenant Colonel of the 1st Virginia State regiment from the 1st of January 1779, vice —— Brent promoted. John Lee Esquire Major of the 2nd according to his former Commission; in consequence Thomas Meriwether Esquire is to take rank as Major in the 1st State regiment from the 1st of January 1779—vice Allison promoted and the Commission granted Captain Quarles for the Majority in the 2nd State regiment on that day is vacated.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 24 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

          Dear Sir,
          Head Quarters West Point Aug. 24th 1779

        I am this moment favoured with your two letters of yesterday, one public one private—and yesterday with that of the 21st.
        The conduct of the militia at horseneck is a little extraordinary, but perhaps it is rather an omission than a wilful delinquency. It would however be inexpedient to involve any question of authority upon the occasion and better to make it an affair of management. The Militia being drawn out by the mere motion of the State and for a local purpose, it is a nice point to determine how far they may be subject to the command of Continental officers, unless absolutely acting in conjunction. I send you a line to the commanding officer at Horseneck, which I hope will place things upon a proper footing. Whenever it shall be found necessary to call out the Militia of this state I have no doubt, they will be subjected to the direction of any superior Continental officer where they serve—when they act in conjunction it must be so, of course.
        With respect to the proposed attempt I have full confidence that your undertaking or relinquishing it will be determined by sufficient reasons. At the same time I do not think the forward movement for the ostensible purpose of foraging would be so likely to succeed as another mode which may be adopted. It was practised with success in the enterprise against Paulus Hook; but this would awaken the enemys suspicions to a repetition of the same stratagem; and make the deception less probable. The movements of the enemy on Long Island is an additional objection to it, as your approach towards the Bridge would increase your danger—and I think your jealousies for that quarter are so justifiable, that I would recommend to you to redouble your vigilance; and if you should find it necessary to change your position for one of greater security, you will not delay it to consult me. An

inclination of a few miles to your right will not be amiss. I shall caution the militia at Horseneck in the same spirit and advise them to govern their motions by the instructions they may receive from you.
        The mode, which in my opinion would give your project the greatest likelihood of success is to assemble suddenly all your dragoon and waggon horses—to mount the men of your party double—begin your march about dusk and push down, under favour of the night with all the celerity in your power. Your present distance would render the attempt less suspected—your approach, under whatever pretence, would create alarm. Your movement by this method would be more rapid, more unexpected, less discoverable—the surprise more complete—The only doubt is concerning the sufficiency of the horses; of this without knowing the number, I cannot judge—What I here mention is only advice not direction and leaves you to act as you please. I am &c.


Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 24–27 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

            Sir
            Head Quarters West Point 24[–27]th Augt 1779

          Since I wrote to your Excellency yesterday, I have been honored with your letter of the 18th instant with the papers mentioned in it.
          I am much indebted to your Excellency, for the Copy of your circular letter to the States, and I sincerely wish it may have the desired effect—or at least, that the Battalions, in consequence, may be made more respectable than they are at present.
          The Act of the 16th is certainly founded in equity—for, if the Soldiers cannot be supplied with the Articles of Cloathing which made a part of the terms of their inlistment—they ought to receive the value of the deficiency. But I will take the liberty to suggest, that it is of the highest importance that they should receive the specific Articles—and I should hope every exertion will be made that

circumstances will admit to procure them. A pecuniary compensation will, in some measure, and possibly may fully satisfy the Soldiers; but, it will by no means put them in a condition to perform the duties essential to the public Service. It should be considered as a secondary expedient—only to be practiced after every effort to obtain supplies of Cloathing had failed. The expences to the Continent will be the same in either case, but the advantages produced will widely differ. These considerations lead me to trust—that those employed in the Cloathing department will use their greatest exertions to procure supplies, and that they will not too easily give into the Idea of pecuniary compensations.
          As the Battalions apportioned on the States are generally arranged, and all new appointments and the filling of Vacancies are with them, I would submit it to Congress, from the almost infinite perplexities and difficulties which have attended the Business, whether it may not be expedient for Copies of the Arrangement to be transmitted to the respective States, with a Copy of the Act of the 24th Novr last, so far as it recommends the mode of promotion.
          I transmit your Excellency a Copy of a letter from General Sullivan of the 15th which will inform Congress, if they have not received a letter from him, of his movements to that time.

            August 27th

          In a letter of the 11th which I had the honor of addressing to your Excellency—I communicated the information I had recd from Colo. Wadsworth, with respect to the difficulties he met with in obtaining supplies of Flour for the Army. I have received a letter from him of this date, of which I inclose a Copy, which places the matter in a very serious point of light. I should hope that some releif may be immediately had from Pennsylvania—and that an application to His Excellency Governor Johnson would be attended with further immediate good consequences, as the Harvest in Maryland is pretty early, and a part of the new Crop, admitting the whole of the old should be exhausted, may be already at the Mills.
          I transmit your Excellency a New York paper of the 24th from which there is reason to conclude that Admiral Arbuthnot has arrived before this. Besides the foregoing I have this minute received a letter from Major Genl Howe, of which an extract is inclosed, which places his arrival beyond doubt.
          Before I conclude—I would beg leave to inform Congress that in consequence of their Act of the 3d June, authorising parole Exchanges—the Commissaries of the two Armies had a meeting at Elizabeth Town on the 20⟨th⟩ July, when it was agreed among other

exchang⟨es⟩ of this nature, that those of Majors General Philips and Reidhesel should take place. As Generals Thompson and Waterbury were two of the officers to be benefitted by the indulge⟨nce—⟩and were already released and with their frien⟨ds—⟩I wrote to Colo. Bland on the 11th instant that General Philips and General Riedhesel and the Gentlemen of their families had permission to go to New York on parole. Since this, Mr Duane, in a visit he did me the honor of making a day or two ago, mentioned the subject so far as General Phillips was concerned, and added that the Treasury Board had sent a Gentleman to adjust with him the accounts of the Convention Troops, which were now very considerable—and seemed to doubt the expediency of permitting Genl Phillips to go in till the same were at least liquidated. These were circumstances of which I was intirely ignorant before—and I have just made a summary state of facts that Congress may direct in the matter as they may think most proper. I have the honor to be with the greatest Respect & Esteem Yr Excellency’s Most obt humble Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Jay, 24 August 1779
From: Jay, John
To: Washington, George

          Sir,
          Philadelphia 24th Augt 1779

        I have been honored with Your Excellency’s Favors of the 15th, 16, & 17th Inst—The first is referred to a special Committee—The second to the Board of War—& the third to the Treasury.
        It is the Sense of Congress that your Excellency “refuse your Assent to the Request of Major General Philips that two Officers of the Convention Troops be allowed to go into Canada.”
        Congress came to some other Resolutions on the 21st Inst., respecting General Philips’ Letters Copies of which are herewith enclosed. I have the honor to be With the greatest Respect & Esteem Your Excellency’s Most Obedient Servant

          John Jay Presid.


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Matthew Mead, 24 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Mead, Matthew

          Sir,
          Head Quarters West Point Aug. 24th 1779

        I am informed by Major General Howe that there has been hitherto no communication between you and him. It appears to me necessary for the good of the service and for your mutual security that you should correspond and cooperate and that as far as may be consistent with the instructions you have received from the governor, you should comply with his advice and directions. I would not wish by any means to interfere with the intention of the state or to do any thing which may contravene the local purposes for which your party may have been called out; but only to establish such a concert of views between the Continental troops whose object is the same and the militia under your command, as will most effectually promote the service—cover the country annoy the enemy and afford reciprocal aid and security.
        This concert is the more necessary at this moment as I have received information, that the enemy have their Grenadiers and light troops on Long Island moving Eastward in the vicinity of the Sound. I know no more likely end they can have in view than to surprise the troops in your quarter to prevent which the greatest vigilance and

care will be requisite and a perfect co-operation between the Militia and Continental troops. Guard boats moving about the sound during the night will be of excellent use, if under proper regulations. I am Sir Your most Obedient humble servant.


Title: From George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 24 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

          Dear Sir
          Head Quarters West point 24th Augt 1779.

        I was yesterday favd with yours of the 15th instant from Tioga, and congratulate you upon your success against Chemung and Scheshequenung. This stroke, I hope, will put your junction with General Clinton out of all hazard, after which, I think you have little to fear.
        I have the pleasure to inform you, that in the night of the 18th instant, Major Lee of the Dragoons, with a detachment from the Virginia and Maryland lines and a troop of dismounted Dragoons, completely surprised and carried the Enemy’s strong post at powles Hook. He brought off seven Officers and 151 privates. He imagines about 40 were killed and wounded by the Bayonet, which was alone used, not a Musket having been discharged on our side. Our loss was most trifling.
        The Vicinity of this post to New York, and danger of having his retreat intercepted by a Body thrown over the North River, determined him to bring off his prisoners instantly, and leave the Artillery and Stores.
        European politics bear a very pleasing aspect. We have every Reason to believe that spain has by this time taken a decided part: Great Britain having in the most explicit terms refused to accept of her mediation.
        The long expected Fleet, under Admiral Arbuthnot, has not yet arrived at New York, altho’, if they did actually leave England, they must have been out ninety days. I am Dear Sir Your most obt Servt

          Go: Washington

          P.S. In consequence of your letter Governor Clinton immediately put Colo. Pawling upon his March and he was to meet Genl Clinton at Anaquaga the 15th Inst.


Title: General Orders, 25 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters, Moore’s House [West Point]Wednesday Augt 25th 79.
          Parole Poland—  C. Signs Peter Paz.

        Daniel Johnston of the 8th and Ezekiel Case of the 5th Connecticutt regiments now under sentence of death are to be executed next saturday at such time and place as Major General Heath shall direct.


Title: To George Washington from William Gordon, 25 August 1779
From: Gordon, William
To: Washington, George

          My dear Sir
          Jamaica Plain [Mass.] Aug 25. 1779

        Your obliging letter of the 3d instant afforded me peculiar pleasure, & more especially the close of the postscript, as it furnished me with authority for the removal of prejudices, wherever I found any had been produced against your Excellency, by the idle & foolish expressions of individuals. I am not insensible of the delicate situation you have been in, between the Congress & the Army; & that it hath required the greatest exertions of prudence to keep all things easy, under that amazing depreciation that hath taken place, & the numerous evils that have poured in upon the troops thro’ that went like a torrent. I hope the junction of Spain, upon which I congratulate you, will afford us the opportunity of getting out of present difficulties. Your excellency must have observed, how often Providence hath remarkably interposed when our affairs have been extremely critical.
        Your intelligence respecting the designs of the enemy was too long neglected, so that the expedition to Penobscot has turned out disgracefully. However the capture of ten Jamaica vessels, & their safe arrival, together with Count D’Estaings success, is more than a counterbalance: besides I am told that there has been a pritty little successful manoeuvre at Powles Hook. I hope you will be able in one place & another to pick up such a number of the enemy, as that when Arbuthnot arrives, they will be but where they were.
        Count de La Luzern continues to retain his private character—makes himself very agreeable—& appears to be much esteemed. He is a well made gentleman, something lusty for a Frenchman, & of a florid complexion. I hear not a word of his going on to Philadelphia. If Monsr Gerrard is not in haste to return, Monr Luzern will probably make some tarriance in each state through which he passes.

        We are endeavouring to check the depreciation & to appreciate the money by regulations. I wish the virtue of the people may revive & become more vigorous than ever. Heaven I believe will save us, tho’ we do not deserve it, & do much towards hindering it.
        I have sent the enclosed open, which I pray ⟨your⟩ Excellency to read before delivery. Would have sent you Col. Hamiltons & Mr Dana’s letters, but ⟨mutilated⟩th copies of them, thought it needless, & perhaps you may not choose to run them over.
        Shall be glad to hear of your Ladys health ⟨&⟩ welfare. Trust you have the happiness of receiving pleasing accounts from her.
        Mrs Gordon & Mr Hazard, who for the present makes one of our family, join in wishing your Excellency the best of blessings, & among these a successful & glorious campaign without much mortality by the sword or the hospital. I remain, my dear Sir, your sincere & affectionate friend & humble servant

          William Gordon

          Mr Hazard bears Clinton & Tryon a grudge, & prays you if possible to prevent their safe return to Great Britain.


Title: To George Washington from Honour Harnage, 25 August 1779
From: Harnage, Honour
To: Washington, George

          Sir,
          Cambridge near Boston August 25th 1779

        I have nothing to offer in extenuation of the impropriety and indecorum of this address, but merely my own feelings, and distress, which urge me, perhaps beyond the delicacy of my Sex, to intrude on your Excellency. my earnest prayer, that you will consent to a partial exchange of Major Harnage, and Capn Hawker? (the former my Husband, the Latter my Relation). The peculiar hardships of our situation will I hope plead in justification of such a step! and your candour, humanity, and tender feelings, most universally known, and acknowledged, by all Parties, give me room to flatter myself that this my petition will be successful—your perusal of the inclosed letter which I have taken the liberty of troubling you with to Sir Henry Clinton, will fully inform you of the dire necessity that has induced me to make this application! I will not intrude farther on your time every moment of which must be precious, but beging your indulgence of forwarding my letter by the first opportunity to New York. I conclude with sincere assurance, that I am, with most perfect respect,

and esteem, Sir. your Excellency’s most obedient and most humble Servant

          Honour Harnage.


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 25 August 1779
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

          Dear General
          Mandavilles [Dutchess County, N.Y.]Augst 25th 1779

        The Adjutant General informed me this morning that your Excellency was desireous to know which of the Criminals vizt Johnson and Case of the Connecticut Line who are under Sentence is most worthy of Death, and that I would make enquiry and Send my opinion.
        Having attended to the matter I find that, Johnson belongs to Greenwich is a Single man 34 years old has nither Brother or Sister, but Several uncles who live at Greenwich, has been four or five Campaigns in the Service, has deserted three Times, has been twice whiped, was under Sentence to receive 100 Lashes when he deserted.
        Case belongs to West Windsor a Single man 22 years old has a Father living, Two Brothers and Two Sisters has deserted four Times—has been punished Several times In Sho[r]t upon enquiry I find the Culprits so great offenders that I know not which to call the greatest, nither can I hear from any person a word in favor of either of them. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect your Excellencys most Obedient Servt

          W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 25 August 1779
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

          Dear General
          Mandavilles [Dutchess County, N.Y.]Augst 25th 1779

        Some Days Since A Mr Carman of Fishkill called at my Quarters and shew me paper Containing—a Permission from His Excellency Governor Clinton for Mrs Hannah Apple to go into New York to reside there, On the Same paper was a line inserted by Colo. Mead directing the Officer at the advance Post of the american army to grant a Flagg for the purpose for which Mr Carman applied to me, at the Same time requesting that He might first go to the Lines to know if Mrs Apple would be permitted to go in as a woman not long Since had been refused because leave for her admision had not been previously asked and had been Sent back, that Mrs Apple was 84 years old and very infirm and if she Should after arriveing at the Enemy Lines be turned back would Suffer much, I thereupon granted Mr Carman the Permission of a Flag of which the enclosed is Coppy. He proceeded to the Enemy Lines with the Several Papers accompanied by Capt. Heywood of the 6th Massachusetts Regt enclosed is Capt. Heywoods narative of the Treatment they met with. I have the Honor to be with the greatest respect your Excellencys most Obedient Servt

          W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from James Lovell, 25 August 1779
From: Lovell, James
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Augst 25th 1779

          The following is the latest Intelligence from Europe yet come to my Knowledge. I have sent some part of it to the printer; but perhaps this Copy may first reach you, and prove a little respectful Exertion for your Excellency’s Benefit made by your humble Servt

            James Lovell


Title: Enclosure: Joseph Gridley to James Lovell, 25 May 1779
From: Gridley, Joseph
To: Lovell, James

            Nantes May 25th 1779

          I inclose you an English paper of May 15th whereby you will see the Temper of the English Councils & the Failure of the prince Nassau’s Expedition to Jersey & Guernsey. however, as the Troops that were designed for America, under Convoy of Admiral Arbuthnot (being 4000) went to Guernsey, it is probable they will be detained some time & possibly it will prevent their going out at all, as it is reported here daily that a second Expedition is designed for the same place. So far this will make in our favor.
          The English look on that Expedition to be nothing but a feint manœuvre and are greatly apprehensive that the French have Views of higher Consequence; as in Ireland & Scotland there are great Disorders & Insurrections. There are now in the Province of Normandy 85,000 Troops and all Merchant Ships & Vessels are taken into the Service, but for what purpose is kept a Secret.
          I am extremely happy at the notice with which the Marqs de la Fayette has been honored from the King, by his giving him his own Regiment of Dragoons which are, it is said, going to America with the Marquis, likewise the Count de la Luzerne as Ambassador in place of Monsr Gerard, who has desired a Recall on account of his Health,

The Count is a perfect Gentleman & has had very favorable impressions respecting the Americans. You will find him Courteous Affable & polite without Ostentation; and I think, from 2 or 3 times in which I have had the Honor of Conference with him, he will very much please the Congress & people of America.
          The Marqs dela Fayette has given his Majesty & the Court an exceedingly high Character of his new Allies.
          The Fleet at Brest consists of 33 or 34 Ships of the Line besides Frigates under the Command of Count D’Orvilliers and tis said they are to sail tomorrow, but it is not known to what place.
          I dont recollect any Thing material to subjoin. I am &c.

            Joseph Gridley


Title: General Orders, 26 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Moores-House [West Point]Thursday August 26th 79.
          Parole Sobieski—  C. Signs Soliman Savoy.

        Brigade returns to be made immediately to the Orderly-Office of the actual deficiencies of clothing.
        Agreeable to the order of the 10th instant it is determined by lot that Colonel Lamb’s regiment have the precedency of Colonel Cranes.


Title: From George Washington to the Board of War, 26 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

          Gentlemen
          West point August 26. 1779

        I have had the honor to receive Your Letters of the 14th & 17th Instant. With respect to the subject of the first—I beg leave to trouble you with the following state of facts—and to refer you to the inclosures No. 1. 2 & 3—to shew how the business of exchanging hides has been conducted and how far and to what end it has been carried on by my permission. When I returned from Philadelphia in the Winter I

found that Lord Stirling on whom the command of the Army devolved in my absence, had issued the order No. 1 directing the Commissary of hides to issue upon the order of the Commandants of Brigades any number of hides that might be necessary to exchange for Shoes. The necessities of the Troops and his Lordships expectation that these might be more speedily relieved in this than any other way—were his only motives to this order; but I immediately discovered that it was contrary to the arrangement which had been established—and that it would neither have an equal or œconomical operation—and therefore suspended it by the Order No. 2. After I had done this many Officers, among ’em Colo. Humpton, represented that they were placed in a very delicate situation and under great embarrassments—as being deprived of the means of complying with the contracts they had made under Lord Stirling’s order. Matters being thus circumstanced—I was obliged to consent to their receiv⟨ing⟩ hides for the purpose—and issued at the same time the order No. 3—that the Supplies obtained this way—might be brought into a proper account. I have now given the Board a full state of matters and they will readily perceive that I am intirely in favor of the System that has been established—and that any deviation from it with my consent or permission—has been the effect of necessity; also that the object of the orders was to procure a supply of Shoes for the Troops. At the same time I will take the liberty to add—that if our stores of Leather will admit of it after a full sufficiency of Shoes are secured which must certainly be first attended to, I should think it not amiss that a quantity of Boots for Officers should be provided as they are generally convenient—and often highly necessary.
        I am exceedingly sorry to find that the Essential business of Cloathing is still in so disagreable a train—and that our prospects of supplies are so very precarious and uncertain. I had hoped from the evident necessity of the thing—and the frequent representations upon the subject—that the provision, both for Officers and Men would at least be comfortable; but it would seem, that there is little reason to expect this—and particularly with respect to the Officers—who must I fear, as I have repeatedly suggested, be compelled in a variety of instances to quit the service. Indeed without they can be relieved—or their nature changed, they will have no alternative. As it is a matter of so much importance and upon which so much may still depend I shall most chearfully do any thing in my power that may have the least possible tendency to promote it and will write to the Several states as you request, and entreat their exertions upon the occasion; but I should be happy if the Supplies from them, were considered as only secondary—in aid of those to be provided by the Continent,

which ought to be our chief dependance. I shall endeavour to have the Small parcell of Linnen which the Board have procured—and have directed to be sent to Camp—distributed in the best manner I can—but three Hundred Shirts which is said will be the amount of it, will contribute so little to the relief of the Officers—that it will scarcely be known—unless by the difficulties and complaints that will attend the distribution.
        The Act of the 16th which the Board have been pleased to transmit is certainly founded in equity; for if the Soldiers cannot be supplied with the Articles of Cloathing, which made a part of the terms of their inlistment—they ought to receive the value of the deficiency.
        But I will take the liberty to suggest, that it is of the highest importance that they should receive the Specific Articles. A pecuniary compensation will in some measure, and possibly may fully satisfy the Soldiers; but it will by no means put ’em in a condition to perform the duties essential to the public service. It should only be considered as an expedient to prevent complaints—after every effort to obtain supplies of Cloathing had been made and failed. The expences to the Continent will be the same in either case, but the advantages arising from an actual supply—and a pecuniary compensation, will widely differ.
        The Board will be pleased to receive the Inclosures No. 4. 5 & 6—which contain Copies of the proceedings of Two Boards of General Officers on the subject of the rank of the Artillery Field Officers—and of the Copy of the Orders to which No. 4 refers—in answer to their request, respecting the Memorial of Colo. Harrison—and which will enable them to report to Congress.
        There appears to be a difficulty in the exchange proposed between Capn Randolph and Colo. Billop as the Board observes, on account of the uneasiness it may excite among our Officers from the disparity in their rank; and yet the former seems to have a sort of claim to the latter—from having captured him upon a former occasion. I almost wish the question from it’s delicacy had not been referred to me. In our late negociations with the Enemy on the subject of prisoners—we have insisted that persons not in Arms, were not subject to Military capture—or Military exchange. Conformably to this doctrine Billop should not have been taken—and since he has been, he can only be considered in the light of a Citizen. In this view—perhaps the exchange might be conducted without giving uneasiness—especially if Mr Billop was given to the State, who had before permitted him to be exchanged for a Continental Officer. If the measure is determined upon—I think it had better be managed by the State and under the discription of Mr Billop for Mr Rand[olph]. There are several of our

Citizens now with the Enemy taken as Mr Billop was—whom we deny to have been legal subjects of capture and refuse their exchange as Military men—and therefore we should not be consistent with ourselves if we were to hold Billop in that light.
        I inclose the Board a Return of Captain Lee’s Artillery Company under the Resolution of the 15th of March.
        By some means or other some difficulties have occurred in the Virginia line with respect to promotion & some other points. I have not a Copy of the Arrangement transmitted from Middle Brook Camp by which the Officers were commissioned. I shall be much obliged by the Board’s transmitting me one as soon as they conveniently can—that things, if possible, may be kept in a right train. I have the Honor to be with great esteem &c. Gent.


Title: From George Washington to Major Samuel Jordan Cabell, 26 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Cabell, Samuel Jordan

          Dr Sir
          West point August 26: 1779

        Mr Harrison has laid before me Two Letters, which he had received from you, and also a Certificate signed by Colo. Davies and Generals Muhlenburg and Woodford respecting your right to promotion to a Lieutenant colonelcy. I have considered the matter, and, from the high opinion I have of your merit and services, I am sorry to find there are difficulties in your case; and that the principles & practice which have been adopted & pursued in similar instances, will not authorise an allowance of your claim in the extent it is made. The point to which I allude at present; is the date from which you claim to rank. This can not be granted, consistently with the system of Arrangement, though on a large & liberal scale of justice and generosity you might be well entitled to it; and your rank when you are promoted, must be governed by some event posterior to the reduction of the Virginia line at the White plains. There is some degree of hardship in the matter; but being the effect of the arrangement, I flatter myself the same zeal which has hitherto marked your conduct & which led you to continue a Major, will induce your chearful acquiescence. I am also concerned that this is not the only difficulty that occurs. It appears to me that it will be an Act of the highest justice, to place the Officers who are prisoners—and who were arranged in the first instance as Supernumerary, in the vacancies as they happened—and before any new promotions. I don’t know how far this may be agreable to your ideas or expectation and that of the line; but it seems to correspond with your Letter of the 17th to Mr Harrison. If this system is

practised on which as I have observed appears to be right, besides preserving the claims of the prisoners it will simplify the arrangement of the line—remove innumerable difficulties & put it on the same footing with every other in the Army. Nor would this be attended with any injury to any Officer—as the whole would be promoted at the precise time—or at least would obtain Commissions, giving them rank when their titles accrued—which, besides working no injustice to themselves, would prevent a wrong to the rest of the Army. Under this regulation you will be intitled to the fourth vacant Lieutenant Colonelcy that happens. I have written to Genls Woodford & Muhlenburg and requested them to inform me of the sentiments of the Field Officers present respecting this mode and I have also written to the Board of War for a Copy of the Arrangement made at Middle Brook, which is not only necessary upon this but some other occasions. The Lieutenant Cols. who have resigned are those mentioned in the list below. I am Sir with great esteem Yr Most Obedt sert

          Go: Washington


Title: Circular to the States, 26 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Sir
          West point August the 26th 1779

        In a letter which I had the Honor of addressing You on the 22d of May—I took the liberty to mention the inconveniences which had prevailed for want of system in the Cloathing department, and the necessity there was for an early appointment of State or Sub Cloathiers, agreable to the Ordinance, established by Congress, by their Act of the 23d of March, with which I presumed you had been made acquainted. I am now under the necessity of troubling you with a farther address, upon the subject of Cloathing itself. From the best information I have been able to obtain, both from Returns and particular inquiries; I fear there is but too much reason to apprehend, that unless the Respective States interpose with their exertions, our

supplies of this essential Article will be very deficient; and that the Troops may again experience on this account, a part of those distresses, which were so severely and injuriously felt in past stages of the war; and which a regard to the interests of the States as well as to the duties of humanity should prevent, if it be practicable. I do not know exactly how matters may turn out with respect to Woollen Cloathing, I should hope tolerably well, but if the attention of the State should even go to this, there will be little probability of our having an oversupply: But the Articles to which I would take the liberty to solicit Your more particular attention—are Blankets, Shirts, Shoes & Hats (more especially the two first) as our prospect of these is by no means pleasing and such indeed as decides, that the supply from the Continental Cloathiers and Agents will fall far short, or at least stand upon too critical and precarious a footing. The importance and advantages of good supplies of Cloathing are evident—and they have been most remarkably and happily demonstrated in the health of the Troops, since they have been pretty comfortably provided for in this instance. A circumstance of all others the most interesting.
        While I am on the subject of cloathing—I would also beg leave to add, that the condition of the Officers in this respect, appears to me, to require the attention of their States. It is really in many instances painfully distressing. The want of necessaries and of the means of procuring them at the present exorbitant prices, has compelled a great many Officers of good reputation and merit, to resign their Commissions; and, if they are not relieved, it must be the case with many Others, as they will have no alternative. I have the Honor to be with the greatest esteem & respect Sir Yr Most Obedt servant

          Go: Washington


Title: Circular to the States, 26 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Gentlemen.
          Head Quarters West-point 26th August 1779.

        I have the honor to inclose a list of sundry officers belonging to your State who have been in captivity, and are reported by the commissary of prisoners as violators of parole. A conduct of this kind so ignominious to the individuals themselves, so dishonorable to their country, and to the service in which they have been engaged—and so injurious to those gentlemen who were associated with them in misfortune, but preserved their honor—demands that every measure should be taken to deprive them of the benefit of their delinquency, and to compel their return. We have pledged ourselves to the enemy to do every thing in our power for this purpose, and in consequence I directed Mr Beatty Commissary of prisoners, to issue the summons, which you will probably have seen in the public papers. But as it is likely to have a very partial operation, I find it necessary in aid of it, to request the interposition of the executive powers of the different States, to enforce a compliance. Most of these persons never having been, and none of them now being in Continental service, military authority will hardly be sufficient to oblige them to leave their places of residence, and return to captivity against their inclinations: neither will it be difficult for them to elude a military search, and keep themselves in concealment. I must therefore intreat that you will be pleased to take such measures, as shall appear to you proper and

effectual to produce their immediate return. This will be rendering an essential service to our officers in general in captivity, will tend much to remove the difficulties, which now lie in the way of exchanges, and to discourage the practice of violating paroles in future. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect and esteem Your most obt hble servt

          G. Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 26 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

          Dear Sir
          Head Quarters [West Point] 26 Augt 1779.

        I have been favd with yours of Yesterday, inclosing a representation by Capt. Heywood of the treatment of his Flag, and a letter from General Huntingdon on the subject of the deficiency of Rations. I have wrote to Sir Henry Clinton, remonstrating against the indelicacy of such behaviour, and hoping that no such insult will be offered in future. You will be pleased to send the inclosed to Verplanks point.
        I will have reference to the different regulations that have been made respecting Rations, and will give an answer to the Contents of Genl Huntingdens letter, as soon as I have satisfied myself on the line of conduct that ought to be pursued. I am Dear Sir Your most obt & humble Servt

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier Generals William Woodford and Peter Muhlenberg, 26 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Woodford, William,Muhlenberg, Peter

          Gentlemen
          West point Augt 26. 1779

        Mr Harrison having laid before me two Letters which he had received from Major Cabbel and also a Certificate signed by you and Colo. Davies respecting the Major’s right to promotion to a Lieutenant Colonelcy—I have been led to consider the arrangement of the Virginia line in the best manner I could from such papers as I have in my hands and I am sorry to find that there seem to be several difficulties in his case; and, that the principles and practice which have been pursued in similar instances are opposed to the allowance of his claim in the extent it is made. I have written to him fully upon the subject; but there is one point—with respect to the Virginia line which involves many cases on which I would wish to know your sentiments—and those of the Field Officers present; Viz. in what light the Officers now prisoners and who were arranged as Supernumerary but not out of the line in the first instance, are considered. It appears to me that it will be an act of the highest justice to consider the Officers in this predicament entitled to and as filling the vacancies as they happened after the arrangement at White plains. I dont know how far this may be agreable to your ideas or the expectation of the line; but if this mode is pursued—besides preserving the claims of the prisoners and advancing them on a regular scale of promotion—which both justice & a humane attention to their misfortunes certainly require, it will simplify the arrangement of the line—remove innumerable difficulties—and put it on the same footing with every other in the Army. And the mode is the more elegible as it would not work an injury to any Officer, as the whole would be promoted at the precise time or at least would obtain Commissions giving them rank when their Titles accrued—while it would prevent a wrong to the rest of the Army. I have written to the Board of War for a Copy of the arrangement transmitted from Middle Brook Camp not having one by me, and shall be very happy if matters can be so conducted as to do substantial & equal justice to all. I shall be glad to receive your Answer as

soon as circumstances will admit. I am Gentlemen with great regard & esteem Yr Most Obedt sert

          G. Washington

          P.S. You will be pleased to deliver the inclosed Commissions.


Title: General Orders, 27 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Moore’s House [West Point]Friday August 27th 1779
          Parole Transylvania  C. Signs Vienna Wells—


Title: From George Washington to the Board of War, 27 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

          Gentlemen.
          Hd Qrs West-point 27th Augt 1779.

        The state of our magazines in the article of powder is truly distressing. We have scarcely a sufficiency for the ordinary demands of the service; and should be utterly unable to undertake any enterprise which might require a more than common expenditure however necessary it might be, or however other circumstances might invite to it. An interesting question was lately agitated respecting an operation of an offensive nature, which in certain contingencies might become adviseable—the want of powder was found an insuperable objection. In a late estimate of the quantity requisite for this important post to enable it to maintain itself against a seige, or any operation besides a mere assault, our supply was reported to be totally inadequate. In addition to these considerations the arrival of reinforcemen⟨ts⟩ to the enemy which from the strongest appearances may be momently expected, may put it in their power to enter upon a series of operations which would oblige us to increase our force by calling in an aid of Militia in which case our stock of ammunition already scanty must prove altogether incompetent. In this situation, I cannot but feel a great degree of anxiety, nor can I forbear to repeat my intreaties that the Board will be pleased to make every possible exertion to relieve our necessities—I am led to hope this will not be found impracticable from the information lately transmitted me, through Mr Tilghman, by Mr Searle member of the Commercial Committee of the expected arrival of 1000 barrels of powder Should this quantity luckily arrive A large proportion of it cannot be too soon forwarded to Camp.
        But as this is rather a precarious dependence, it is much to be wished that loans could be obtained from those states, which have magazines of this article, and I have been informed some of them are pretty well provided. I, some little time ago, desired Genl Knox to make a representation of the above kind to the Board, but the matter is of ⟨so⟩ much importance that I hope they will excuse me for repeating it. I have the honor to be With very great respect Gentlemen Your most Obed. s⟨ervt⟩.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 27 August 1779
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

          [Lower Salem, N.Y., 27 Aug. 1779]

        Extract from a Letter from Major Genl Howe—Lower Salem August 27. 1779.
        [“]Last night about 10 OClock, I had a Letter from Lieut. Colonel White, who with a party of Horse and Infantry I had posted at Stanwick—informing me, that he had received Intelligence of the arrival of a British Fleet, with seven Thousand Men—and at three this morning one of my Emissaries came to me with the following account; That Admiral Arbuthnot had arrived with at least Two hundred sail of Transports on the morning of the 25th; and that Yesterday

morning at 10 OClock, he anchored North of the Grand Battery, but that none of the Troops had dibarked—that the number of Ships of War were not known—but that a pay Ship was with the Fleet, on board of which were said to be 300,000 Guineas.”


Title: To George Washington from Jeremiah Wadsworth, 27 August 1779
From: Wadsworth, Jeremiah
To: Washington, George

          Sir
          West Point 27 Augt 1779

        I have delayed for some days to express my fears to your Excellency, that there would be a want of flour for the army, expecting Mr Flints return from Philadelphia, and hoping he would bring more favorable accounts than I have hitherto had; but he not returning every information I have been able to obtain confirms me in a belief that we shall be out of flour in three weeks.
        I have obtained from the State of New-york all the State magazines of flour—the whole of their last years crop of wheat is exhausted, the new is not threshed, and I have no hopes of obtaining any supplies soon in this state. I am unacquainted with the state of the magazines in Philadelphia, and in Maryland the flour is not under my direction. The supplies for three weeks is on this side the Delaware, and with the greatest œconomy will not last longer than that time. I am &

          Jema Wadsworth


Title: General Orders, 28 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Moore’s-House [West Point]Saturday Augt 28th 1779.
          Parole Ridgfield—  C. Signs White. Hopkins.


Title: To George Washington from the Board of War, 28 August 1779
From: Board of War
To: Washington, George

          Sir
          War Office [Philadelphia] Augt 28. 1779

        We have been honoured with your Excellency’s Favours of the 21st. We will transmitt to Mr Hughes your Sentiments as to Capt. Swan’s Exchange the Justice whereof he however interested must acknowledge. We only conveyed the Letter having no particular Object in the Completion of Capt. Swan’s Wishes.
        We return your Excellency our warmest Acknowledgments for the candid & decisive Account you have given to Congress of the Charge made by Genl Sullivan on the Subject of Cloathing. We shall think ourselves fortunate if Calumny must fall on us to have it ever so

clearly in our Power to exculpate ourselves. And while any Part of our Conduct falling under your Excellency’s Observation meets with your favorable Sentiments we with much Sincerity declare there are very few Quarters from whence Censure can wound our Feelings. Your Sentiments on the Necessity of cultivating Harmony among Persons engaged in the same Pursuit—the Interest & Safety of our Country—are perfectly in Unison with our Opinions & Conduct. Had your constant Example been followed by Genl Sullivan no Trouble would have arisen on the present Occasion. He has sent us a Copy of the Order we complained of & still insists on its Propriety. His Letter accompanying the Copy is so full of forced Constructions & uncandid Comments on our Letter with such ungenteel & insulting Insinuations superadded thereto that we see little Prospect of his doing us the least Justice. We believe however that we shall put an End to the Controversy with him by taking no farther Notice of his Letter which we cannot answer without descending into Paths we feel ourselves above treading. We will leave it to Time to undecieve the Army whose good Opinion we are really on all Occasions anxious of possessing. We have neither Leisure nor Inclination for personal Controversies.
        We enclose some Regulations on the Subject of Prisoners which we beg Leave to submitt to your Excellency’s Judgment & Remarks. We will be obliged by your returning them with your Observations Alterations & Additions. We have the Honour to be with the most sincere Respect & Esteem Your very obedt Servants

          Richard PetersBy order

          P.S. Beside the Articles formerly mentioned to have been sent Genl Sullivan there were 500 Blanketts with the last Shirts.


Title: Circular to the States, 28 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Sir,
          Head Quarters West Point August 28th 1779

        I take the liberty and indeed I am compelled by necessity to transmit to your Excellency the copy of a letter, I received yesterday from Col. Wadsworth the Commissary General, which places our supplies of flour in a very serious and alarming point of view. The subject is so very important and interesting—that I am perfectly convinced it will engage your Excellency’s immediate attention—and that nothing in your power will be omitted that can contribute to our instant relief and to promote our future supplies of this essential article. I will not detail the consequences of a failure of flour at this time—they will but too sensibly strike your Excellency; but I think they may be fatal. Besides the common demands of the army it is highly probable we shall be obliged in the course of a few days to call in aid from the militia, which will increase our expenditures as Admiral Arbuthnot and his fleet have arrived at New York according to advices with a considerable reinforcement. It is likely the deficiency may arise in a great measure from the exhausted state of the old crop and the new’s not being yet threshed or carried to the mills. Your Excellency’s attention will go to these points—and as I have already observed—I am satisfied you will adopt & practice every expedient that shall seem to promise relief. I have the honor to be With the greatest respect & esteem Your Excellency’s Most Obet servant

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 28 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

          Sir
          Head Quarters West-point 28th Augt 1779.

        On the 24th instant a New-York paper announced the arrival of a 74 Ship—(one of Admiral Arbuthnot’s) and that the whole fleet were about 30 leagues Eastward. Our advices since confirm their arrival in the Hook on the 25th. I have not yet learned what regiments, it has brought, or the general amount of the reinforcement.
        I have been favored with your account to Col. Hay. I wish for a confirmation of the West-India captures. It serves to lessen in some measure our misfortune at Ponobscut. I am sir Your most obt hbl. servt

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Moses Hazen, 28 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Hazen, Moses

          Sir
          Head Quarters West-point 28th Augt 1779.

        On receipt of this you will be pleased to put your regiment under marching orders, and proceed without delay by the best and shortest route to rejoin this army. I find this measure necessary as the reinforcement which the enemy have been expecting—has I am advised, arrived at New-York. This makes it expedient to draw together as much of our force as possible on the occasion. I am sir Your &c.

          G.W.