Title: To George Washington from Major John Clark, Jr., 3 November 1777
From: Clark, John Jr.
To: Washington, George

My dear General
Whiteland [Pa.] Novr 3rd 1777 8 oClock P.M.

This moment my Spy from Philadelphia came to me he is an exceeding intelligent Fellow, I counterfeited the Quaker for once, & wrote a few lines to Sr Wm informing him the Rebels had plundered me, & that I was determined to risque my all in procuring him intelligence, that the bearer wou’d give him my name; a noted Quaker, who I knew had assisted him. The Letter was concealed curiously & the General smiled when he saw the pains taken with it told the bearer if he wou’d return & inform him of your movements & a state of your Army he

shou’d be generously rewarded—My Friend walked the City saw a very few Troops, only those who kept the Guards, there were in the State House Yard 35 Waggons, loading with Ammunition, the Waggoners told him they were going to the lower Ferry & the Ammunition was intended for an Attack on Fort Island, no other Waggons (except what are halling Boards to the Middle Ferry, where they are building a Bridge) are to be seen, the Enemy are encamped in front on the high Grounds extending from the upper Ferry towards Mr Dickinsons House—a Camp of Hessians on the high Ground above the Middle Ferry south of the Centre House; on each side the road, is a six Gun Battery, with 6 Brass field pieces in each; pointed towards the Schuylkill, 8 Iron pieces on the Wharf from 4 to 9 pounders at the M. Ferry, 3 Brass Field pieces between the Batteries & the Wharf at the foot of the Hill; an acquaintance of my Friends a refugee, whom I know well, assured him they were preparing 3 Bridges to be of Boats, with Timber laid on them one of which is nearly ready, & that they were building a Floating Batty to carry 36 Guns, to Attack the Forts, that they were determined To Attack you, but enquired very particularly about General Potter his situation, & his number; some of the Tories who went in, look very gloomy & have but little to say, the Inhabitants are suffering & expect to draw Rations—My Friend was treated with great politeness by the Officers—he viewed the Delaware shore seen no Boats—he Says a flag came over the River with an Officer a Hessian General who was wounded at red bank & that he is dead of the Wound—my Friend has a pass from Sr Wm, a Young Nobleman (my Spy says) is very ill, who was wounded at German Town, & ’tis expected won’t recover—the Enemy are Stacking of Hay in abundance on the Common—the common talk is, they will make one grand effort & endeavor to possess red bank, & Fort Mifflin, if they don’t succeed, quit the City & go on board their Shipping—they also report that Clinton & his Troops are at Brunswic, & Burgoyne near N. York, Genl Howe said when he read the Letter he knew the Writer wou’d do him every service in his power, but that he had reced the intelligence of Burgoyne & his Army having surrendered.
I have been at Chester to Day, 80 sail of Men of War & Transports ly opposite, chiefly of the later; 129 Sail came up to the Hook & Chester Yesterday, from below New Castle; chiefly Transports; a Spy from Hook, assures me they are busy building or repairing Boats on board & are continually at work, a few Marine came ashore & gave a Bushel of Salt for a little Corn, the Tory Inhabitants say they believe the Enemy mean to embark at these places, the Shipping ly in one line extending from a little above Chester to the Hook, I am now going down in hopes of executing a little enterprize at dawn of Day with Captn Lee—If your

Excellency will please either to make out a State of the Army & your intended movements according to Sr Wms desire, or leave it to me, my Spy will carry it & take a further view Of their Camp &Ca I am so fatigued having rode 40 Miles that I can scarcely write you intelligibly & hope you will excuse any omissions—I have 20 Miles to ride to Night before I can meet Lee—Lord Howe in the Eagle lies opposite Chester, while I was there, a Gun fired as a Signal towards New Castle—I dread Genl Potters situation, & believe the Enemy intend very soon to attempt a surprize, I think his rear & left flank exposed, & wish they may not affect it—they are certainly preparing to make a move one way or other—pray give me every instruction you may think necessary & I will endeavor to observe them, & obey your Orders with all the exactitude of a better officer. I am with love to Genl Greene & all Friends your Excellency’s Obedt Servt

Jno. Clark Junr

P.S. I have just heard 800. Prisoners were taken at Rhode Island, wou’d thank one of your Aids for the News at Camp, & a quire of paper by the bearer.
I requested my Friend to be a little bashful in his enquiries & Conduct, his next tour I hope will be through all their lines as all suspicion will be removed (if they entertain any) by that time.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 3 November 1777
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

sir.
Charles Town, so. Carolina 3d November 1777

I have the pleasure to inform you that the temper of the Creek-Nation by the unwearied exertions of Mr Galphin a Commissioner of Indian affairs, and by the liberality of this state in supplying them upon generous terms, with those Goods they wanted, Seems at present to promise peace—Which I consider as a very happy Event for this state and that of Georgia; to both of which, they, and the Tribes of Indians under their influence, would be very formidable Enemies—Being apprehensive that one time or other, the Emissaries of British Government would by their Activity, and the advantages they possessed, of supplying the Indians with goods, spirit them up to become our Enemies—I thought it my Duty to fall upon measures to ascertain their numbers, in order to which, I employed particular persons, and by other means endeavoured to inform myself of their strength; and by intelligence not to be doubted, I learn, that the Creek-Nation can bring into the field 6000 effective Men. The Chactaws 7000, the Chickesaws 700, the Cherokee’s 2500—and three Tribes low down upon the Missisipi viz. the Ukafpaws Tuckepaws and Oyayachtanu’s 2000, and in all 18,200—So considerable a Force demonstrates, how necessary it is to keep well with them if possible; because, shou’d a War with them happen, it is not to be doubted, but a corresponding attack, woud by the common Enemy be made upon the sea-board; when deprived, as in that Case we should be, of the Assistance of the back-Inhabitants it

might, in our weak state, be attended with very disagreable consequence—I am very sorry to inform your Excellency that the Battalions of this state and Georgia, are very much reduced; many of the Men whose time of enlistment had expired not choosing to enlist again; and North Carolina and Virginia the only Countries from which a Supply cou’d be obtained, have for Sometime past refused to permit their Officers to recruit, but as this resolution I am persuaded, was adopted upon some temporary occasion, the Recommendation of Congress would, I doubt not, induce them to take off the restriction. and as the Safety of both these states, in a great measure depends upon it, I presume to express a wish that you, sir, would give force to my Efforts by mentioning it also to Congress. I have the Honor to be, with the greatest respect, Your Excellency’s Most obedient, very humble servant

Robert Howe


Title: To George Washington from Captain Henry Lee, Jr., 3 November 1777
From: Lee, Henry Jr.
To: Washington, George

Sir
No. 3d [17]77

I mentioned to your Excelly in my last let’r an intercourse subsisting between the inhabitants & fleet near Grub’s landing. Having received a confirmation of this intelligence, I pushed down with twelve dragoons & reached the place early yesterday morning. At Robinsons mill on Namur Creek I fell in with a foraging party; on the appearance of my dragoons the enemy ran without giving one fire. A Captain of the Queens rangers, a factor from Baltimore County & seven mariners & soldiers were made prisoners. The Captain I indulged with his parole, till the 10 inst., on or before which day, he will wait on your Excellency to be farther disposed off. The transports have all moved up from New-castle to Chester. They are generally loaded with the wounded & baggage; so that their being ordered up, predicts another attempt on the fort, which they suppose will be effectual. Major Cuyler, Sir Wm Howes first Aid de Camp sailed in a packet the day before yesterday for London, his Business is to press Administration for strong & early reinforcements.
Among the mariners taken yesterday is a mate belonging to the Union transport, he informs, that Lord Howe had sent orders to the Captains of the transports to send up each, four or more of their seamen—What he can want with them is not certainly known. I conjecture, they are designed to mann the floating batteries now building in

the schuylkill. It is a certainty from the intelligence received from various characters, that the enemy design shortly to make a push on fort Mifflin. Their only possible mode, by which they can promise themselves success, is their floating batteries. In this they may be totally blasted; if we take possession of Carpenters island. From this post throwing up strong works, we most assuredly can put a stop to their favourite scheme, & what is of great consequence, co-operate with the gallies in preventing those supplies of provision which go up by water every night to Philada. Your Excelly may rely on it, that thirty or more boats, with muffled oars, pass our fort & gallies every night to the city. The ships blown up the other day were the Augusta, & Merlin sloop of 18 guns. The Augusta took fire from her own cannonading, one Lt, Chaplain & forty privates perished in the explosion. The Merlin being fast on ground was set fire to, by order.
There is brisk trade carried on at New-castle. I have detached a party of dragoons to that place, with directions to visit the several landings on the river, to disperse the late resolutions of Congress among the inhabitants, & to assure the people, that they will be strictly carried into execution. I set out myself this moment with a design to burn some of the enemy’s small craft which lay at Grubs landing, under cover of an eight-gun schooner. your Excellencys most Obt Servt

Heny Lee jr


Title: From George Washington to Capt. Henry Lee, 3 November 1777 [letter not found]
From: Lee, Henry Jr.
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: to Capt. Henry Lee, Jr., c.3 Nov. 1777. Lee’s letter to GW of 3 Nov. is docketed in part “Ansd.”


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General James Potter, 3 November 1777
From: Potter, James
To: Washington, George

Sir
Mr Willings Novr 3d 1777

the enemy brings provision in Boats in the Night along the Side of the Shore, and up the Schulkill about a mile above the lowest ferrey,

on Saterday evining last there went down 30 Boats I think the came up Last night in the Time of the flud they maid a Voige.
you may be asured that the Enemy are Bulding three floting Battereys one at Ougdons ferrey and two about a mile above, the lowest ferrey the two latter ones we can See Clearly one Seems allmost finished the other the Began to Nale the plank on last Saterday, if those Battereys are once finished, and they have persession of Carpanters Island, our fourts and Galleys must Unavetable fall into there Hands—I can see no way of saving our fourts and Galleys but by Immedatly Taking there fourt, and Battreys on carpenters Island which I think Can be dun with good Troops with no Grait Loss if that was dun we coud use there Battrey at the pest Hous against themselves and by that means Defeat there intencions—I hope a great part of the mill stones were Removed yesterday as I had sent out for that purpose 150 men the enemy are in hopes of gating up there Shiping and has brought up there Bagage as far as Chester I wold Refare your Excelancey to Messr Lytle Hunter and Mountgomrey for a more full Account of these matters they have Been with Me in meaking Discovereys. I am your excelanceys Obed. and Humble servant

Ja’s Potter

P.S. I Mount a gaurd of 100 men at the middle ferrey and at Grays—30 Near Boone dam 50 with a proper number of officers—my men have Severe duty to do—I have Been Reinforsed my strenth is about 950 Men with Arms and wanting arms 300 Exclusive of Officers.

J.P.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Israel Putnam, 3 November 1777
From: Putnam, Israel
To: Washington, George

Dear Genl
Fish Kill [N.Y.] Novemr 3d 1777

I am sorry that I am under the disagreeable Necessity of acquainting you that there is the greatest Necessity of Money in this Department, the Troops suffer for want of Pay, the Commissary, and Quarters Departments are exceedingly embarress’d and perplexed in their Business, greatly involved in debt, and the Public Faith will be prejudiced unless a Considerable supply of Cash is speedily sent—I must Request you to Order some to be forwarded with as much Dispatch as possible.
The large spy Glass I took from Col: Morris last Year, and which Your Excellency had, I exceedingly Want, as I have none Neither can I get any, Mrs Morris Wrote me the other day, and Requested I would take it, I should be extreamly Obliged if it might be sent by the Bearer.
Col: Hamilton Arrived here Yesterday, and in Consequence of your Orders, I have directed the Detachments of the several Regiments with you, to March and Join their Corps—Genl Winds I have Orderd to

March to Red Bank, Lt Colonels Cobb and Smith; with the Detachments from Cols. Jackson and Lee’s Regiments—Genls Poor, Learned, Patterson, and Warners Brigades I have Orderd to March and Join you, and have only Genl Parsons’s Brigade, and three York Regts of Continental Troops left—Yours of the 26th Ultmo Came to hand after writing the Above. I am Dear Genl verry Respectfully Your Mos. Obt Hume Servt

Israel Putnam

P.S. B. Genl Parsons is now in the Neighberhood of White Plains, last Thersday he Detachd a party into West Chester, took about 40 of the Horse Theive, four of Delancy’s Lt Horsemen & thirty horses besides sevral other articles—Burnt three Vessels of about 50 Tuns Burthen Laden with Butter & Cheese for New York.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Smith, 3 November 1777
From: Smith, Samuel
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fort Mifflin [Pa.] Novemr 3rd 1777

I have this Inst. the honor to receve your Excellency’s Letter of the 1st. Genl Vernum has arriv’d and will send me 200 men this morning. Genl Foreman has some Cloathing of small consequence, which I am to have this day, We by order of Genl Vernum begin this day to take the Inhabitants Cloaths I fear it will be a very poor Resource, this Garrison

must be well cloathed or they will perish. I always keep the part of the Island you mention under Water, and hope now to be able to maintain the Fort.
The Industrous enemy turn their Misfortunes to advantage, these two nights, they have been employed in raising the Wreck of the 64 Gun Ship, and have this morning shewn a floating Battery almost compleat. I presume to morrow they will open it, unless Genl Vernon takes Billingsport from them, I think that one of the most effectual strokes that can be struck in our favor, and have recommended it to him, if he takes it, they then will have no alternative but Storming this Island which they appear to be much afraid of. I have the honor to be Your Excellencys Most Obedt Servt

Sam Smith


Title: To George Washington from Major General Stirling, 3 November 1777
From: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Reading [Pa.] Novr 3d 1777

Your Excellency’s letter of the first Instant, I received yesterday, and am happy to find that any part of my thoughts on the measures necessary to be taken Coincided so nearly with those you had already pursued: and I am in hopes they will be amply Sufficient to render abortive any measures the Enemy may attempt on the side of Red Bank. The objection to the other Measure is indeed a very Capital one, and the Communication is Certainly better kept up from the present position: But it is my duty to inform your Excellency no freshet whatever does totally Cut off the Communication between the two Sides of Schuylkill, for at this place there are two rope ferry’s with excellent large Scows which can carry near an hundred Men at a time and move so quick that a Column of Troops would pass at each of them as soon as at the best ford at any time, there is also a good ferry at Potts Grove; I mention this least they should be wanted on some future Occasion. I belive General Howe is in a very awkward Scituation, he Cannot attempt another attack on Red Bank without detaching a larger body than he can Spare from his Army, nor will he this Season be able to advance a Battery on province nearer to fort Miflin, in short he Cannot Cooperate with the Navy in attacking the forts or raizeing the Cheva de frize, unless it be by some desperate attempt to storm fort Miflin in Boats, but desperation he is almost drove to.
Since my letter of 29 I have sent off to Camp 30 more hearty fellows, and there will soon be another party ready. I have desired all the Officers

in town to be at my Quarters this Morning at ten oClock when I shall inform them that such of them as do not set out for Camp by Noon tomorrow or produce to me Dr Kenedy’s Certificate of their being unfitt for Camp Duty, will be reported to your Excellency. I have inspected into the accounts of Issues of provisions for the last fortnight and find them pretty Moderate the other branches here seem to be in pretty good order only the Wounded are still without Cloathing although waggons went over to Lancaster several days since with the Adjutant Generals order for it, I have this morning sent over an Officer to bring over what can be spared if the whole order can not be Complyed with.
There is a Capt. Speke & two other Officers here prisoners of War, and about 20 privates who were left here either as wounded or Sick, they are now very well, and I think should be removed from hence.
I am much recovered from my lameness and was in hopes of being able to be fit for Camp Duty by this time, and yesterday made the experiment of rideing on horseback, but I found a very few Miles too Much for me and like to have overcome me. yet I can travel without any inconvenience (unless at a Sharp Jolt) in a Carriage, I have therefore some thoughts of going over to Lancaster for tomorrow and to return on Wednesday, as I hear there a Number of Idlers both Officers & Men at that place & the towns in the Neighbourhood. The enclosed was Communicated by Col. Wilkinson to Major MacWilliams, such wicked duplicity of Conduct, I shall alway’s think it my duty to detect. I am very Sincerely your Excellency’s Most Obt Humble Servant

Stirling,


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, 3 November 1777
From: Varnum, James Mitchell
To: Washington, George

Sir
Woo[d]berry [N.J.] 3d Novr 1777.

We arrived at this Place Yesterday. I have taken a View of the Forts, and think them in a good State of Defence. The Want of Confidence between the Commodore and Colo. Smith, is very great. I shall do

every Thing in my power to cause that mutual Support between the Land and Water Forces, which appears very essential for the Security of Fort Mifflin. I am not yet fully acquainted with the Ground, so as to give your Excellency that Satisfaction w’ch I cou’d wish. Have ordered four Capts. Eight Subs., Twelve Serjeants, Twelve Corporils and Two Hundred Privates into Fort Mifflin. I shall give that Post a still greater Support, by relieving the Invalids. The Enemy are in Possession of Billingsport: Some of their Shipping lay above that Place, about Two Miles below Fort Mifflin. In this Situation it is impossible for the Commodore to drag for the Cannon &c. as mentioned in your Orders of the 31st Ulto. There are no more Cannon in the Forts than are really necessary. There are no Militia of Consequence in force here. General Newcomb has perhaps between one and two Hundred. General Foreman is not upon the Ground. I am Sir, with great Respect, your Excellency’s most obdient Servant

J. M. Varnum

P.S. Colo. Durkee’s Surgeon Mate was ordered by him, to tarry at Camp a few Hours After the March of the Troops, and bring forward Medicine, Bandages &c.—Doctr Cockran upon Application, discharged him from the Service. This has given the Colo. great Uneasiness, & he chose me to make Mention of it. I am &c.

J.M.V.


Title: General Orders, 4 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, White Marsh [Pa.] Novr 4th 1777.
Parole Newark.C. Signs Woodbridge. Monmouth.

A General Court Martial, of which Genl Sullivan was president, was held the 30th of October last, and the two following days—for the tryal of Brigadier Genl Maxwell on the following charge—“That he was once, during the time he commanded the light troops, disguised with liquor in such a manner as to disqualify him in some measure, but not fully, from doing his duty; & that once or twice besides, his spirits were a little elevated with liquor”—Upon which the Court pronounced sentence as follows.
“The Court having considered the charges, and evidences, are unanimously of opinion, that Brigadier General Maxwell, while he commanded the light troops, was not at any time disguised with liquor, so as to disqualify him in any measure from doing his duty—They do therefore acquit him of the charge against him.”


Title: From George Washington to Major John Clark, Jr., 4 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Clark, John Jr.

Dear sir
Head Quarters [Whitemarsh, Pa.] 4th [November] 1777

I have just receiv’d your favor of 8 OClock last Evening & think you have fallen upon an exceeding good Method of gaining Intelligence, & that too much Caution cannot be made use of both on Accot of the safety of your friend & the Execution & continuance of your design which may be of service to us.
In your next I’d have you mention that General Gates now having nothing to do to the Northward, is sending down a very handsome Reinforcment of Continental Troops to this Army; Whilst he, with the remainder of them & all the New England & York Militia, is to make

an immediate Descent on N. York, the Reduction of which is confidently spoke of as it is generally suppos’d that Clinton has Detach’d a large part of his Troops to the assistance of General Howe; & that Genl Dickinson is at the same time to attack Staten Island, for which purpose he is Assembling great numbers of the Jersey Militia. That the receiv’d opinion in our Camp is that We will immediately attack Philada on the arrival of the Troops from the Northward & that I have prevail’d upon the Legislative Body to order out a great proportion of the Militia of this State—that there was great talk of the Virga & Maryld Militia turning out, & in short that the whole Continent seems determin’d to put an end to the War this Winter—That we mention the Forts as being perfectly secure, having sent ample Reinforcments to their Support.
These are the Outlines of what I would have you mention, but leave it to you to Omit or make any Alteration you suppose Necessary.
You will endeavor to send out & let me know if any Transports with Troops on board have lately come up the Deleware, As I have Information of a fleet having sail’d from N: York.
A Report of our having made a fortunate Stroke at Rhode Island prevail’d, but I much doubt it to be premature & that little or nothing is done there.
The Bearer will deliver you some Paper, that Article is very scarc at present. I am Dear Sir Your mo: Obedt Servant

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major John Clark, Jr., 4 November 1777
From: Clark, John Jr.
To: Washington, George

sir
Goshen [Pa.] Novr 4th 1777. 6 oClock, P.M.

Your agreeable favor came to hand a few Minutes ago. I thank you for your approbation of my conduct, and shall not fail to do as you have directed; in return, I expect immediate intelligence of every design—from the Enemy.
I am just returned from below Marcus Hook, & Chester, have carefully viewed every Ship of War & Transport in the River at these places, & can assure you there is not a Soldier to be seen on board of any of them—several worthy friends have carefully reconnoitred them with good Glasses, & agree with me in Opinion—the Fleet seem’d to be very busy to Day. knocking continually Night & Day on board—& I am well assured by the testimony of numbers on the Shore, they are caulking their Boats.

As soon as I dispatch’d the Express to your Excellency last Night, I embarked for Chichester Meeting House near the Hook, where I fell in with Captn Lee with a few Dragoons, & about 60 of Foot; among whom were a few Riflemen; we had rece’d information of a number of Shallops in the Enemy’s employ lying at a place called Grub’s landing a few Miles below Hook, Captn Lee was orderd to dismantle the Mills along shore, he also communicated to me an intention of destroying those small Craft at the landing, & that he immagined ’twas also practicable to board a Tender belonging to the Roebuck which lay near the Shore to cover the Shallops, she mounted 10 Guns; I was convinced of the practicability of the design—& we marched at 3 this morning & soon arrived near the place—Captn Lee & myself rode down to the shore to reconnoitre their situation & found the Enemy had removed them down the River, except the Tender, no Boats to be got, we determined to have some sport, & soon caught a Tory Inhabitant whom we sent down near the Shore in Company with a few Riflemen & two or three Dragoons commanded by a Lieut. of Captn Lees, the Tory was obliged to hail the Tender, they knew his Voice & answered him, asked what he wanted, he told them some Company a shore had a little fresh Beef for them, they immediately turned out five of the Crew into a Boat, who landed & came up with their Arms. The officer of the Dragoons demanded a surrender, but they refused with attempting to run, & made a little shew of fighting, their Arms being badly charged did not go off, the Riflemen fired on them & three fell—the remaining two effected an escape under the fire of the Tender who blazed away without injuring any of the Men—I believe they won’t attempt to come ashore for Provisions in that quarter in a hurry—we left a few to watch their motions to Day & to morrow, the Mills are dismantled, & we drove off some fat Cattle from the shore at Chester, which I believe were intended for the Enemy—If we cou’d but have got only two Boats, we shou’d have taken the Tender, she kept no watch on board—the excessive fatigue & want of sleep will prevent my being so active as I cou’d wish—riding injures me exceedingly since my late illness—Genl Greene has wrote me to join his Family I believe he don’t know ’tis by your Orders I remain here I beg you to inform him, where ever I can render the most service wou’d wish to be—but am fearful I shall soon be obliged to retire from service on account of my health. I wait your answer & am Yr hble Servt

Jno. Clark Junr

P.S. A few Guns were fired at a great distance down the River whether signals, or what & I am unable to say but will soon inform you I hope.

J.C.


Title: To George Washington from Daniel Cunyngham Clymer, 4 November 1777 [letter not found]
From: Clymer, Daniel Cunyngham
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Daniel Cunyngham Clymer, 4 Nov. 1777. On 11 Nov. GW wrote Clymer: “I have received your Letter of the 4th.”


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Persifor Frazer, 4 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Frazer, Persifor

Sir,
Head Qrs [Whitemarsh, Pa.] 4th Novembr 1777

I have been favor’d with your Letter of the 9th Ulto and was sorry to find that the situation of our Officers was so disagreable. You are well acquainted with the treatment of the prisoners in our hands, and therefore can determine without difficulty, how just the grounds for your confinement are.
In respect to a General exchange of prisoners, it has ever been my wish, that it should take place on just and equal terms. My Letters to Genl Howe upon the subject, I trust, evince this to have been the case. I have written to him again, and shall be happy, if we can effect so desireable an Object on proper principles. If this cannot be done, I have proposed, that it should be no impediment to the Exchange of All the Officers, as far as circumstances of Rank and number will apply; And, if any should then remain, that they may be released on parole. The first mode mentioned for the liberation of the Officers, I expect, will be most agreable to both parties. You may imagine, your Letter upon this Subject, might have received an earlier Answer. I assure you, the delay has not proceeded from inattention to the distresses of our prisoners, or want of inclination to afford them every possible releif. I am Sir Your Most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Commodore John Hazelwood, 4 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Hazelwood, John

Sir
Head Quarters Whitemarsh [Pa.] 4 Novr 1777

Genl Potter and Capt. Lee, who are posted upon the West side of Schuylkill to interrupt the Enemy’s communication across the Islands, both assure me that they undoubtedly pass by Night with Boats between province and Mud Island and into Schuylkill. If this passage is not stopped in some measure, it is in vain to think of hindering them from getting supplies from their shipping as long as the River remains free of Ice. I will not undertake to point out to you the mode of doing this, but in my opinion the most probable is, to keep small Boats rowing guard between the south end of Mud Island, and the pennsylvania shore, and a Galley or two under the North end of Mud Island, when the Weather will permit. If the guard Boats make a signal, the Gallies may get ready to intercept the Convoy. The Enemy will not chuse to fire in the dark, because there will be a greater chance of damaging their own craft, than hurting our armed Vessels, as being greater in number. I beg you will immediately fall upon this or any other Scheme, which to you may seem more effectual to put a stop to this intercourse.


Title: From George Washington to General William Howe, 4 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, William

Sir
Head Qrs [Whitemarsh, Pa.] Novr the 4th 1777

I have been informed by Lt Colo. Frazer, who is now a prisoner in your possession, that Major Belford, One of your Aids, had assured him, it was your earnest desire, that a general exchange of prisoners should take place on equitable terms; Or if this could not be effected, that the Officers on both sides should be released on parole. This, I have no doubt, was done by your authority, and with an intention, that it should be communicated to me.
I assure you, Sir, nothing will afford me more satisfaction, than to carry the first proposition into execution. But lest we should still unhappily disagree about the privates to be accounted for, and that this may not operate to the prejudice of the Officers, it is my wish for their mutual relief, that their exchange may immediately take place, so far as circumstances of rank & number will apply: And if any should then remain, that they may return to their Friends on parole. I am induced, to mention an Exchange in preference to the other mode of release, supposing that it will be more agreable to both parties.
While we are on this subject, I would take the liberty to suggest, that on the footing of our present agreement, the Colonels, who are your prisoners cannot be exchanged, there being no Officers of the like rank in your Army. From this consideration I am led to inquire, whether an Equivalent cannot be fixed on to effect it, as has been practised in similar cases. I have the Honor to be with due respect Sir Yr Most Obedt st.


Title: To George Washington from Peter Labilliere, 4 November 1777
From: Labilliere, Peter
To: Washington, George

Most Honoured Sir
London Novr 4th 1777.

Public Spirit is a Passion to promote Universal good. It is one man’s care for many, & the concern of every man for all. this Quotation from the Public News Paper of this day will I am convinced Justify me in the

Opinion of all true Patriots when I declare that you Sir, stand in the highest degree blessed with that Glorious Passion, & consequently I find myself tho’ a stranger to you most pleasingly freed from the uneasiness which the Liberty I take of writing this Letter would otherwise have given me.
The Bloody affair in St Georges Fields & the Attacks on the Rights of Election first called forth my Public Spirit, & from that era I thought it my Duty as a Christian & an honest man to quit all thoughts of ever going into full Pay (tho I had been an Officer in the English Service from the year 1740) & to enlist in the Service of the People at large as a Defender of their Civil & Religious Liberties.
After a most serious & Impartial examination & study of the American Cause, & of the Proceedings of the Congress, I found myself called upon by the same Principles that had made me commence Patriot in these Kingdoms to exert my utmost efforts in defence of their Just & Glorious Cause of Universal Liberty. I have distributed to the People at large the Declarations by the Representatives of the United Colonies of North America in General Congress. The Letter of the 12 United Colonies to the Inhabitants of Great Britain. Their Petition to the King. Their Address to the People of Ireland. The Pastoral Letter from the Synod of New York & Philadelphia to the Congregations throughout America. This I delivered with my own hands to the Temporal & Spiritual Lords as they were going into the House of Lords.
My Rules of acting in the Glorious Public Cause are to look well to the end of what I undertake & never to make use of any but Just & pure means to accomplish it. To endeavour as if there was no Providence & to believe & trust as if I used no Endeavours, then I enjoy that well founded hope that God who knows the hearts of all Mankind will vouchsafe to sanctify the pursuits of all those who mean fairly & honestly by the People.
As the Great Principles of Truth & Justice however they may for a time be obstructed by Tyrants & bad men, yet sacred History teaches us that the Great Ruler of the Universe has & will in due time vindicate his own honour by punishing in such a manner those who have abused the Power they have been intrusted with for his honour & Glory & the Happiness of Mankind, that all men must acknowledge it was his doing.
I trust I may with truth say that I am one of the seven thousand in these Kingdoms who have no[t] nor with the Blessing of God will not bow down to Baal. therefore I enjoy that pleasing hope that when a Just & Merciful Providence will have sanctified your Afflictions & tryals & Blessed your United States with a full Enjoyment of that Liberty which his arm shall have given them, You will not refuse to the remnant of the True Israelites that Friendly Alliance & Protection which will prove you to have been fit objects of God’s Particular Interposition on your Appeal to him, and consequently you will lay the foundation of Universal Christian Liberty by which only Mankind

can be made happy: In the mean time our Prayers will not be wanting that by Wisdom & Strength you may become the Glorious deliverers from Tyranny, Oppression, & Cruelty. As it is my earnest desire to give you the strongest assurances of my zeal for the Glorious Cause, I shall beg leave to end this Letter with the Spirited Conclusion of Lord Abingdon’s Late Pamphlet on the Affairs of America. The Dagger uplifted against the Breast of America is meant for the heart of Old England. in fine these are my Sentiments & these my Principles, they are the Principles of the Constitution, & under this persuasion whilst I have signed them with my Name, I will, if necessary, as readily, seal them with my blood. I have the Honour to be with the greatest respect & truth Your Excellency’s most Obedient & most humble Servt

Peter Labilliere

P.S. I am happy in being able to send you a note which I found lately marked at the Bottom of a Sermon entitled Religion & Patriotism the Constituents of a good Soldier, Preached to Captn Overton’s Independant Company of Volunteers now in Hanover Cy Virginia, Augt 17th 1755. By Saml Davies. M.A. Minister of the Gospel.
Text 2d Saml 10. C. 12. V. Be of good courage, & let us Play the Men, for our People & for the Cities of our God, & the Lord do that which seemeth him good.
In mentioning King William & other Deliverers which God at particular times hath raised he remarks as follow.✻ As a remarkable instance of this I may point out to the Public that Heroic Youth Col. Washington, whom I can not but hope Providence has hitherto preserved in so signal a manner, for some important Service to his Country. Inclosed are my two Letters to the King under the Signature of the Christian Soldier, & the Prefatory address from the London Association which I delivered along with the Declaration.


Title: To George Washington from Henry Laurens, 4 November 1777
From: Laurens, Henry
To: Washington, George

Sir—
York Town [Pa.] 4th Novemr 1777

I have in charge from Congress to transmit to your Excellency the inclosed Resolution of the 20th Ult: relative to the Conduct of Major General Sullivan in the late expedition to Staten Island—which will be made public here as soon as a printing press can be set to work this is expected to be in a few days.
I likewise inclose a Certifieed minute from the Journal of Congress shewing Your Excellency the Authority under which I have the honour of addressing you. I am with the most perfect Esteem & Respect sir Your Excellency’s Most obedient & most humble servant

H.L.


Title: To George Washington from James Mease, 4 November 1777
From: Mease, James
To: Washington, George

sir
Lancaster [Pa.] Nover 4th 1777

I have the honor of your Excellencies favor of 30th October & had I not waited for some of the waggons in the Clothing department coming up I should have forwarded the trunk before now. But I was fain to wait knowing it would be more safe under the Care of some one personally known to me, than with a transient conveyance. I have now ordered one of my young men to go for it & he is not to quit it untill it is delivered at head Quarters where I hope it will arrive safe. This is one of the first letters I have been able to write for these ten days past having been exceeding ill with a fever & Cold the foundation of which I brought with me hither.

Several Regmts have been furnishd with clothing at this place & I had hopes I should been able to have answered all the demands that would have been made as to coats Jackets & breeches but I confess myself entirely mistaken because I did not expect such large returns for those Articles from Regimts wh. have already been supplied this summer with a number equal to the number of men in their regimts. these I set down as provided for in those Articles & expected to have been cal’d on only for small additional supplies either as they obtained recruits or as other circumstances required.
I dont know what to think but it would seem to me from such a number of returns coming almost togather from the Virginia regmts that they had resolved to make a general draft of Clothing Yesterday returns from five of those regmts were here & some of them for an entire compleat supply of every Article for 300 Men As the Clothing in my possession at present would go but little way towards supplying the damands I concluded it best to send what was on hand to the Head Quarters where it might be distributed to the most necessitous. since that a party of about 50 Men belonging to various regmts discharged from the Hospital here have been clothed, about 100 recruits from Virginia of different Corps also have been fitted & about 40 More are now going out of the Hospital which belong to at least 15 or 20 different regiments. this was so Nearly correspondent to an equal distribution & the men ready to join the Army that I concluded it for the best to furnish these parties here although it interfer’d with my former resolution of sending What clothing there was to Camp—I do not know how it happens but it seems that every soldier who is sent to the Hospital is under the necessity of being clothed before he can join the Army notwithstanding they May have been clothed before. I have wrote in the most Urgent terms I could to Boston for a Supply of clothing to be forwarded with all possible expedition to the southern Army & have directed the Agent in the Northern department to forward the shoes & Blankets sent to that Army (contrary to the directions I had given) to be likewise sent this way which I hope will be complied with I have taken the liberty of enclosing a return of what clothing has been Issued to the Army under your Excellencies command before we quit the City also a list of sundry clothing on hand at that time wh. have since been supplied to the Army The Maryland Regmts were partly furnishd in the state wh. is the reason their supplies are so small in this return & the first & twelth with some other Virginia regmts have been supplied since the stores were removed to this place—As tis of great consequence to have the Blankets & Shoes coming from the Eastward preserved for the troops under your Excellencies command I should be glad your Excellency would be pleased to direct some suitable officer to go to Peeks

Kill in order to secure & expedite them. I would not require this if I could get a suitable person to conduct the business & if I did not think an officer could more readily obtain assistance If your Excellency thinks proper to employ any Gentleman of the Army he had best proceed immediatly to Peekskill to wh. place the things were directed. I am with the greatest respect & esteem Your Excellencis most obdt Hble servt

James Mease


Title: To George Washington from Richard Peters, 4 November 1777
From: Peters, Richard
To: Washington, George

Sir
War Office [Pa.] Novr 4th 1777

Mr Joseph Simons the Bearer has applied to the Board for Liberty to go into Philadelphia for the Purpose of settling his Accounts with Mr Franks the British Agent for Prisoners under whom Mr Simons has acted for some time past in supplying the Prisoners of War. The Board not being acquainted with the Circumstances of Matters so minutely as to judge of the Propriety of permitting Mr Simons to go in at this Time have referred him to your Excellency for a Passport under such Restrictions as you think proper if you should be of Opinion he may go in without Prejudice to our Affairs. He is also desirous that a Mr Bernard Gratz may accompany him as an Assistant to settle his Accounts. I have the Honour to be with the greatest Respect your very obed. Servt

Richard Peters Secy


Title: From George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 4 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Whitemarsh [Pa.] 4th Novemr 1777

I am favd with yours of the 27th ulto and am glad to find that the Enemy have fallen intirely down to New York. By their doing this, and sending away a reinforcement to Genl Howe, it is evident that they have done with all thoughts of attempting any thing further to the Northward. Having lost one Army, it is certainly their interest and intention to make the other as respectable as possible, and as their force is now nearly drawn together at one point, in Philada, it is undoubtedly our plan to endeavour by an union of our Forces to destroy Genl Howe. To effect this purpose, you will, as directed in my two last, send on poors Brigade as soon as it arrives, and the Regiments of Lee and Jackson from Boston. If any more troops come down the River, except they be those of New York you will likewise send them on. I think it would be advisable for you to call upon Govr Clinton and Govr Trumbull for a small Number of Militia to assist the Continental troops that remain with you in putting Forts Clinton and Montgomery in repair. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt

P.S. In order to distract and alarm the Enemy and perhaps keep a greater force at New York than they intended Genl Dickinson will contrive to convey intelligence, that they will look upon as authentic, that he is to make a descent upon Staten Island, you upon Long Island and Genl Gates directly upon New York. If you throw out hints of this kind before people that you think will send in the intelligence, it will serve to corroborate that given by General Dickinson.
Yours of the 31st October is just come to hand, and it gives me pleasure to find that the opinion of your Council coincided exactly with ours here. To crush Genl Howe effectually is the real and great object. I therefore beg no more Continental Troops may be retained than are absolutely necessary with the assistance of the Militia to repair the works in the Highlands. If a feint is made towards Kingsbridge I had rather it should be principally with Militia. You must not forget to send as many Cattle forward as you possibly can, for not having had any supplies

from New England since August last we have exhausted the Beef in this quarter very considerably, and you know our Army will be much increased.


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Smith, 4 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Smith, Samuel

Sir
Head Quarters [Whitemarsh, Pa.] Nov. 4th 1777.

I have received your Letter dated yesterday—giving an account of the reinforcement which you expect from Genl Varnum and the Supplies of Clothing from Genl Forman, it gives me pain to learn that the latter are likely to be so inadequate to your wants, but hope that by taking proper measures the Contributions of the Inhabitants will not prove so poor a resource as you seem to fear.
Inclosed is a Letter to Major Fleury whom I order’d to fort Mifflin to serve in quality of Engineer, as he is a Young Man of Talents and has made this branch of military Science his particular Study. I place a confidence in him—you will therefore make the best Arrangement for enabling him to carry such plans into execution, as come within his Department. his Authority at the same time that it is subordinate to yours must be sufficient for putting into practice what his Knowledge of Fortification points out as necessary for defending the post—and his Department tho inferior being of a distinct and Seperate nature, requires that his orders should be in a great degree discretionary—and that he shd be suffer’d to exercise his Judgement persuaded that you will concur with him in every measure which the good of the Service may require—I remain &c.


Title: General Orders, 5 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, White Marsh [Pa.] Novr 5th 1777.
Parole PomfretC. Signs Woodstock. York.

Agreeably to former orders, all reports of the guards and scouting parties, are to be made by the officers commanding them, to the Major General of the day, who is to report to the Commander in Chief.
Every regiment is to go on making cartridges, every day, when the weather will admit of it—The Commissary of military stores is to make a return, of the cartridges returned to him, and of the regiment’s by which they were made up.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Thomas Conway, 5 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Conway, Thomas

Sir,
[Whitemarsh, Pa., c.5 November 1777]

a Letter which I receivd last Night, containd the following, paragraph.
In a Letter from Genl Conway to Genl Gates he says—“Heaven has been determind to save your Country; or a weak General and bad Councellors would have ruind it.” I am Sir Yr Hble Servt.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Thomas Conway, 5 November 1777
From: Conway, Thomas
To: Washington, George

sir
Camp [Whitemarsh, Pa.] the 5th November 1777

I Wrote to General Gates by Major troop the 9th or 10th of Last Month from reading. after congratulating him upon his success at the Northward, and returning him thanks for the civility he had shew’d to my Brother in Law, I gave him an account of the operations of this army. i Spoke my mind freely, I found fault with several Measures pursued in this army; but I Will venture to say that in my Whole Letter the paragraph of Which you are pleas’d to send me a copy can not be found. my opinion of you sir without flattery or envy is as follows: you are a Brave man, an honest Man, a patriot, and a Man of great sense. your modesty is such, that although your advice in council is commonly sound and proper, you have often been influenc’d by men who Were not equal to you in point of experience, Knowledge or judgment.
these are my sentiments; i have express’d them in private conversation with some General officers, and in particular to General Mifflinn at reading before Doctor craigg. I think they Will be found such in my Letter to General Gates. I Believe i can attest that the expression Weak General has not slipped from my penn however if it has, this Weakness by my Very Letter can not be explain’d otherwise even by the most Malicious people than an excess of Modesty on your side and a confidence in Men who are Much inferior to you in point of judgment and Knowledge. i Defy the most Keen and inveterate Detractors to make it appear that i levell’d at your Bravery honesty, honour, patriotism or judgment of which I have the highest sense.
correspondence between General oficers in all army’s is encourag’d rather than Discountenanc’d, because from this intercourse of ideas something usefull might arise. although this inquisition in Letters from particular to particular will be a proceeding in this country of which there are few instances in Despotick and tyrannical Governments, still in order that the Least suspicion should not remain in your Excellency’s Mind about my Way of thinking, I am willing that my original Letter to General Gates should be handed to you. this I trust will convince you of my Way of thinking. I Know Sir that several unfavourable hints have been Given to you about me, that i have been reported by some of your aid De Camps as the author of some Discourses Which i never utter’d. these advices never gave me the Least uneasiness, because I Was conscious to myself that I never said any thing but What I

could Mentionn to your self. I have an account to give of my Conduct in france Where I am the only Collonel on this continent in actual service. I mean to Write an impartial account of the operations Which I saw During this campaign. this account Will be such that i am sure you Will acknowledge to be true. and I pledge my Word of a Gentleman and of an officer that I Will Write nothing in that account but What i Will impart to you before I leave this continent. I am sir With Respect Your Excellency’s humble servt

T. Conway


Title: To George Washington from Nicholas Cooke, 5 November 1777
From: Cooke, Nicholas
To: Washington, George

Sir
Providence Novemr 5th 1777

I do myself the Honor, by Lieut. Colonel Barton, who will deliver you this, to transmit you the inclosed Resolution of the General Assembly of this State; and, agreeable to it, do recommend to your Excellency that brave Officer, who hath heretofore distinguished himself by his Activity, and enterprizing Spirit, and the several Commissioned Officers who served under him in that successful Expedition. I am, Sir, Your Excellency’s Most obedt hble Servt

Nichs Cooke


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 5 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Whitemarsh [Pa.] 5th Novr 1777.

I am favd with yours of the 22d and 25th of October. As you have wrote to Congress respecting the difficulty of supplying the prisoners of Genl Burgoine’s Army with Quarters, Fewel and provisions, I imagine they will give proper directions in the matter. I do not think it to our interest, to expedite the passage of the prisoners to England, for you may depend upon it that they will, immediately upon their arrival there, throw them into different Garrisons, and bring out an equal number. Now if they sail in December, they may arrive time enough to take the places of others who may be out in May, which is as early as a Campaign can be well entered upon. I look upon it, that their principal difficulty will arise, from the want of provisions for the voyage, and therefore altho’ I would supply them with every article agreeable to stipulation, I would not furnish an ounce for Sea Store—nor suffer it to be purchased in the Country.
The account you give of the appropriation of the Arms which had been drawn for Henly’s, Lee’s and Jackson’s Regiments is perfectly satisfactory.
What you say respecting the disabled Soldiers to the Northward is agreeable to my idea of the matter, and I would therefore have you embody them at convenient places for the present, and when they are

fit for small services, let them mount the guards at the Elaboratories and places where Stores are deposited. I dare say we shall have subjects enough to establish a Corps of invalids in the Eastern as well as the middle Colonies.
The present State of the Commissary’s department gives me great uneasiness, and I fear, that by the removal of the old Officers during the active part of the Campaign, the Army will suffer. I am however obliged to you, for the information respecting the inattention that has hitherto been paid to the putting up meat to the Eastward, which is the Country we depend upon for Beef, and where all our Salt is deposited. I shall immediately write to the new Commissary General of purchases and know why this neglect has happen’d.
The expedition to Rhode Island is just as much a secret to me as it is to you. I never was consulted upon it, neither do I know from whence or whom it originated. You must therefore apply to Congress for directions in regard to the payment of the troops employed, for I cannot give the least authority for it. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Henry Laurens, 5 November 1777
From: Laurens, Henry
To: Washington, George

Sir.
York Town [Pa.] 5th Novemr 1777

I had the honour of addressing you yesterday in a Letter which from unavoidable delay will accompany this.
I now forward two Extracts from the Minutes of Congress both dated the 4th Inst.—One containing an Order founded upon a Report from the Marine Committee relative to the Continental Frigates & other Navigation at & near Borden Town submitted to your Excellency for approbation & in that event requiring necessary assistance for the construction & management of Batteries to be erected. The other minute testifying the attention of Congress to the Merits of such of the Officers

& Troops of the United States as are specially recited in the Resolves, in order that the several Votes upon this occasion may be made public in the Army under Your Excellency’s Command.
I beg the liberty of passing under Your Excellency’s protection Letters to Commodore Hazelwood Colonel Green & Lieutt Colo. Smith containing severally the Vote of Congress respecting each of those brave Officers. permit me also Sir, to trouble you with a packet for the Honorable Mr Speaker of Assembly in Delaware & to request you will order it to be forwarded by the first conveyance. I have the honour to be with great Respect & Regard Sir Your Excellency’s Most obedt humble Servant

Henry Laurens, Presidt in Congress

P.S.—P.M. the 5th November. Since writing as above Congress have confirmed several Resolutions for the disposition of the Troops in the Eastern & Northern departments, for the Recovery & protection of North River, the reinforcing the Main Army near Philadelphia & other matters, which extended & Certified Your Excellency will find under cover with this & to which I beg leave to refer.

H.L.


Title: To George Washington from William Livingston, 5 November 1777
From: Livingston, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
Princeton [N.J.] 5 Novr 1777

I was last night honour’d with your Excellency’s Favour of the 1st Instant. General Newcombs Conduct is such as might naturally be expected from a Gentleman who was made a General, because your Excellency did not think him fit for a Collonel. I take the Liberty to inclose you a Copy of what I have wrote him; & if he makes any more Difficulties of that kind, I doubt not, by his present down-hill character with the present house, he will run a great risque of being superceeded, which I may venture to say would prove no Loss to his Country.
The Situation of our Troops respecting the Article of Cloathing Blankets &c. is truly deplorable. I have recommended that provision to be made in the strongest terms, by proposing a Law for taking the Articles on tender of the value whereever they can be spared; & to save time, & facilitate the Measure with the house, I have procured the Bill to be ready drawn to their hands.
The great Deficiency of our Quota of Men is also a melancholy Consideration; & undoubtedly owing to the Cause to which your Excellency ascribes it. How the Doctrine of drafting will be relished by our Legislators I cannot determine; but sure I am, that come to it we must.
Whenever I am resolved in the mode of giving the Securities required from the Commissioners appointed to inlist &c. (concerning which I did myself the honour to write your Excellency some time since) I shall dispatch their several Appointments; & urge their entering upon the Business with Spirit. I have the Honour to be your Excellency’s most humble Servt

Wil: Livingston

P.S. There is a considerable Number of State Prisoners, (I suppose seventy odd) who were taken on their way to join the Enemy on Staten Island, now confined in Morris Jail, the greater part of whom will be convicted of high Treason. As sound Policy will require the Execution of the Ring-leaders; so Humanity and Mercy will interpose in behalf of the more ignorant and deluded. The latter being the Character of the Majority, I presume they will be pardoned on Condition of their enlisting in our Army, if your Excellency has no Objection against admitting them. As I am convinced that they embarked in the Cause of the Enemy from no real Prejudice against ours, but from the delusive and splendid Promises of artful recruiting officers, which they are now persuaded were altogether villainous, I presume they will not upon that account, be the more prone to desert; but probably in order to efface the Ignominy of their former Conduct, & to demonstrate their Gratitude

for the Clemency shewn them, be the more studious of manifesting greater Fidelity to the Cause of America.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General James Potter, 5 November 1777
From: Potter, James
To: Washington, George

Sir
Camp [Pa.] Novr 5th 1777

    I am Sorey to Inform your excelancey that the Officer I send to the Brandwine Mills has not obayd my orders Instead of Taking the stone away he has taken the Spinnels Rines and Tronnale heads I was preparing to send a party to move the Runners But as it is Hard to get waggans and as I am Informed that the Taking these Artecals answers the same end as Removing the stone, I wait to Know your Plesure in this matter—I gave writen orders to the officer I will Trey him for disobedance I am oppresed with Bad Officers I wold Rather be a show boy than what I am if it wold sarve my Cuntrey as well. I am your E. H. S.

Jas. Potter

P.S. Col: Crafords men are uneasey and wanting to go home I will not detain them I think I have men sufficant for all I can do in this place as the enemy has got that new way of carring there provision.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General James Potter, 5 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Potter, James

Sir.
Head Quarters [Whitemarsh, Pa.] 5th November 1777.

I have received your Letter of this morning—informing me that your orders respecting the Mills have not been carried into execution—it is my desire that the Officer employed in this business should be put under Arrest and tried for disobedience of orders—the parts of the Machinery which he has removed may be easily replaced, whereas had he followed the directions given him, the end in view would have been effectually answer’d.
Colonel Crawfords party was order’d to join you for the particular purpose of distressing the Enemy by cutting their banks—if this service can be done without them, or is found altogether impracticable, they need not be detained against their will.
As the Corps under your Command will probably be an object for the Enemy, you cannot be too vigilant nor guard yourself by too many precautions against Surprise—I mention this in consequence of hints which have been given me of their intentions. and hope therefore it will have a proper effect. I am Sir Your hble Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Jeremiah Dummer Powell, 5 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Powell, Jeremiah Dummer

Sir
Camp at White Marsh [Pa.] Novr 5. 1777

I have been duly honored with your Favor of the 25th Ulto, and join your Honble Board most heartily in Congratulations on our Success in the surrender of Genl Burgoyne and his Army. An Event of great Importance and which reflects the highest honor upon our Arms.
In respect to the embarkation of the prisoners, I take it for granted,

that the beneficial consequences the British Nation will derive from their arrival in England, will be motives sufficient for Genl Howe to use every possible exertion to get them away, and that no application for that end will be necessary. For, as soon as they arrive, they will enable the Ministry to send an equal number of Other Troops from their different Garrisons to join him here, or upon any other service against the American States. I shall be sorry, if their remaining, should subject you to the inconveniences you seem to apprehend, and, if they can be accomodated, I think in point of policy, we should not be anxious for their early departure. As to the Transports, if Genl Howe is in a situation to send them, it is to be presumed, they will be properly appointed with provisions & Wood, the Terms of Convention not obliging us to furnish the prisoners for a longer time than they continue in our hands. I do not apprehend, that there will be any thing to fear from the Vessels assigned for their transportation. The condition on which they are to be allowed an Entry imports a truce, and no Stipulations that can be made will be more obligatory. Nevertheless, prudence & the usage of Nations will not only justify but require, that every precaution should be had, previous to their being admitted into port, to prevent an infraction of Treaty or any Act incompatible with the design of their coming. What these precautions ought to be will naturally occur. In fine, Sir, I do not know how far I should advise in this business, and suppose it probable, that Congress will give you their Sentiments fully upon it, being possessed of All the circumstances by a State[ment] from Genl Gates, and also from Genl Heath.
I have nothing New to inform you of, the situation of the Enemy in this Quarter being the same, that it has been for sometime past and no interesting event having taken place, since the repulse of Count Donnop on the 22d Ulto and the destruction of the Two Ships of War the succeeding day. I have the Honor to be with greatest esteem & respect Sir Yr Most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Maj. Gen. Israel Putnam, 5 November 1777 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

Letter not found: to Maj. Gen. Israel Putnam, 5 Nov. 1777. On 14 Nov. Putnam wrote GW that he had been “favd with your’s of the 4th 5th & 9th Instt.”


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Hamilton, 6 November 1777
From: Hamilton, Alexander (Lieutenant Colonel)
To: Washington, George

Dr Sir,
Albany November [6] 1777.

I arrived here yesterday at Noon, and waited upon General Gates immediately on the business of my mission; but was sorry to find his ideas did not correspond with yours for drawing off the number of troops you directed. I used every argument in my power to convince him of the propriety of the measure, but he was inflexible in the opinion, that two Brigades at least of Continental troops should remain in and near this place. His reasons were, that the intelligence of Sir Harry Clinton’s having gone to join Burgoigne was not sufficiently authenticated to put it out of doubt. That there was therefore a possibility of his returning up the River which might expose the finest arsenal in America (as he calls the one here) to destruction should this place be left so bare of troops as I proposed. And That the want of conveniences and the difficulty of the roads would make it impossible to remove the Artillery & stores here for a considerable time. That the New England States would be left open to the depredations & ravages of the enemy. That it would put it out of his power to entreprise any thing against Ticonderoga, which he thinks might be done in the Winter, and which he considers it of importance to undertake.
The force of these reasons did by no means strike me, and I did every thing in my power to show they were unsubstantial but all I could effect was to have one Brigade dispatched in addition to those already marched. I found myself infinitely embarrassed and was at a loss how to act. I felt the importance of strengthening you as much as possible, but on the other hand, I found insuperable inconveniences in acting diametrically opposite to the opinion of a Gentleman, whose successes have raised him into the highest importance. General Gates has won the intire confidence of the Eastern States; if disposed to do it, by addressing himself to the prejudices of the people he would find no difficulty to render a measure odious, which it might be said, with plausibility enough to be beleived, was calculated to expose them to unnecessary danger, notwithstanding their exertions during the campaign had given them the fullest title to repose and security. General Gates has influence and interest elsewhere; he might use it, if he pleased, to discredit the measure there also. On the whole it appeared to me dangerous to insist on sending more troops from hence while General Gates appeared so warmly opposed to it. Should any accident or inconvenience happen in consequence of it, there would be too fair a pretext for censure, and many people are too-well-disposed to lay hold of it. At any rate it might be considered as using him ill to take a step so contrary to his judgment in a case of this nature. These considerations

and others which I shall be more explicit in when I have the pleasure of seeing you determined me not to insist upon sending either of the other brigades remaining here. I am afraid what I have done may not meet with your approbation, as not being perhaps fully warranted by your instructions; but I ventured to do what I thought right, hoping that at least the goodness of my intention will excuse the error of my judgment.
I was induced to this relaxation, the more readily, as I had directed to be sent on two thousand militia; which were not expected by you; and a thousand Continental troops out of those proposed to be left with General Putnam; which I have written to him since I found how matters were circumstanced here, to forward to you with all dispatch. I did this for several reasons; because your reinforcemt would be more expeditious from that place than from this; because two thousand Continental troops at Peeks-Kill will not be wanted, in its present circumstances; especially as it was really necessary to have a body of Continental troops at this place for the security of the valuable stores here, and I should not, if I had my wish, think it expedient to draw off more than two of the three brigades now here. This being the case, one of the ends you proposed to be answered by leaving the ten Regiments with General Putnam, will be equally answered by the troops here; I mean that of covering and satisfying the Easten states; and 1000 Continental troops, in addition to the militia collected and that may be collected there, will be sufficient in the Highlands for covering the Country down that way, and carrying on the works necessary to be raised for the defence of the River.
The troops gone and going to reinforce you are near 5000 Rank & file Continental troops & 2500—Massachusetts and New-Hampshire militia. These and the seven hundred Jersey militia will be a larger reinforcement than you expected, though not quite an equal number of Continental troops; nor exactly in the way directed. General Lincoln tells me the militia are very excellent; and though their times will be out by the last of this month, you will be able if you think proper to order the troops still remaining here, to join you by the time, their term of service expires.
I cannot forbear being uneasy, lest my conduct should prove displeasing to you; but I have done what, considering all circumstances, appeared to me most eligible and prudent. I have the honor to be with great esteem & respect Your Excellencys Most Obedt Serv.

Alex. Hamilton

Vessels are preparing to carry the brigade to New-Windsor, which will embark this evening: I shall this afternoon set out on my return to Camp, and, on my way, shall endeavor to hasten the troops forward.


Title: To George Washington from General William Howe, 6 November 1777
From: Howe, William
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia 6th Novemr 1777.

I am favored with your Letter of the 4th Instant—The general Exchange of Prisoners is so desirable a Measure in Justice to the Officers and Men immediately concerned, that I have repeatedly demanded of you a Releasement of Prisoners equivalent to those you have received, as far as the Numbers in your Possession will admit, on which Condition I could enter upon a further Exchange.
The Officers I have already permitted to return to their Homes, on Account of some Peculiarity in their Situation, and other Indulgences needless to mention, must sufficiently have evinced my Desire to relieve the Whole, and when this previous Point aforementioned is adjusted by our respective Commissaries, I shall readily agree to make the

Exchange as general as possible, and to the Return of all such Officers and Men as may afterwards remain unexchanged on either Side, under obvious and reasonable Conditions.
Those at present Prisoners with me are ready to be delivered on the shortest Notice, and it rests solely with you to justify me in doing it: In the mean Time as I understand the British, Hessian, and Provincial Officers and Soldiers in your Possession, are disposed of in many different Places, and very distant from hence, I am to request that you will order the most exact Returns of them and their Situation, to be forwarded to my Head Quarters, that the Wants of the Officers and Soldiers, as to Money, Credit, Clothing, Medicines &ca may be supplied by Persons appointed by me, and having from you the necessary Passports.
I cannot conclude this Letter without making Complaint against Mr Boudinot, your Commissary of Prisoners, for his Inattention to the Wants of both Officers and Men, and for not affording an Opportunity, tho’ solicited, to make them known to me that they might be supplied: I am also to call upon you to redress the Grievances of several among them, who I am well informed are most injuriously and unjustifiably loaded with Irons. With due Respect I am, Sir, your most obedient humble Servant.

W. Howe


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Johnson, 6 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Johnson, Thomas

Dr Sir
Head Qrs [Whitemarsh, Pa.] Nov. 6. 1777

The approaching Season, and the scanty suppl⟨ies⟩ of Cloathing in public Store, without an immediate prospect of their being increased, have induced me to send Lt Colo. Adams of your state to procure, if possible, a Quantity for the Troops which come from thence. The distress of the Army in this instance, I am sorry to inform you, is now considerable, and it will become greater & greater every day if some releif should not be had. Genl Smallwood has addressed you on the subject and having pointed out the wants of your Soldiery in a particular

manner, it is unnecessary for me to make a minute detail of them. I shall therefore take the liberty of referring you to his Letter, and must entreat the interposition of your aid, to facilitate, as much as possible, the purpose and design of Colo. Adam’s Commission. I do not know what Supplies of Cloathing Maryland may have on hand; However, whatever they are, they can never be furnished with more propriety, than at the present juncture. Our Wants extend to every Species and to Blankets—but to the latter, and to shoes and Stockings in a peculiar degree. Besides the Necessaries, which I hope will be derived from the State, I have instructed Colo. Adams, to obtain All he possibly can by purchase from the Inhabitants, in which, I trust, he will have your countenance and warmest recommendation. These requisitions are not the result of choice, but of painful necessity; and viewing them in this light, I am well assured, you will not only excuse them, but will readily afford every relief in your Power to give. Our calls are pressing and equal to any the imagination can represent. If they can be answered and the Troops can be properly provided in these instances, I should hope, that we may be able to obtain some signal, if not decisive advantages over the Enemy by a Winters Campaign: If not, we shall not be in a situation to attempt anything on a large & general Scale. We are trying to make a collection here, and under the authority of Congress, compulsory measures have been adopted in some cases to draw aid from the disaffected, where it could well be spared but was refused. I congratulate you sincerely on our success in the surrender of Genl Burgoyne an event this that reflects much honor upon our Arms. I have nothing new to inform you of here. The repulse Count Donnop met with & the destruction of the Two Ships of War being the last interesting occurrences. I am Dr Sr Yrs &c.

G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Col. Lewis Nicola, 6 November 1777 [letter not found]
From: Nicola, Lewis
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Col. Lewis Nicola, 6 Nov. 1777. On 7 Nov. Nicola wrote GW that the “inclosed Letter I wrote yesterday in order to send it by the first opportunity to Your Excellency.”


Title: To George Washington from Richard Peters, 6 November 1777 [letter not found]
From: Peters, Richard
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Richard Peters, 6 Nov. 1777. On 11 Nov. GW wrote Peters: “I have before me your favors of the 6th & 7th Inst.”


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, 6 November 1777
From: Varnum, James Mitchell
To: Washington, George

Sir
Woodberry [N.J.] 6th Novr 1777.

Great Manto Creek is situated two Miles and an half from Redbank, where it empties into the Delaware, On the West side of this Creek is the Promontory Billingsport, fortified, and garrisoned by three hundred Men, made up of the seventy first Regiment, and of Marines, according to the best Information I have been able to obtain. On the east side of the Creek, upwards of a Mile from Billingsport, is a small Emince, on w’ch the Evening before last we erected a small Fascine Battery, intending to play upon the Shipping, the Morning following, with one Eighteen, and one Twelve Pounder. The Eighteen was overset on the Way, and could not be got to the Battery ’till two o’Clock in the afternoon. The Twelve, in the intermediate Time, was ply’d with great Advantage upon the Sommersett; a Ship of sixty four Guns. The Roebuck and a Frigate were soon driven from their Stations, and the Sommersett fell down to the Distance of a Mile and a Quarter from the Battery, where she touch’d upon the Beach, and was obliged patiently to take our Fire. In this situation, the Commodore sent down four Gallies, which began their Fire at the Distance of more than two Miles; They advanced however ’till the Sommersett & Roebuck, with a Galley, began to discharge their Bow Guns upon them, when they immediately retreated. The Flood Tide making, floated the Sommersett; but, as there was no Wind, she could not get far from us, by w’ch means, she suffered extremely from our Eighteen & twelve Pounders. She hoisted Signals of Distress; the Commodore came down with a great naval Force, and began a tremendous Fire, out of Gun Shot; he advanced firing ’till some of his Shot reached The Ships. He expended an immense Quantity of Ammunition, &, I am pretty certain, hit the large Ship once, in her Stern; soon after, he retired. The Battery discharged, from both Guns, more than an hundred and Twenty Rounds; two Thirds of w’ch at least took place; And as almost every Shot was directed at the sixty four, she must be greated shattered. Capt. Lee, who commanded the Guns, behaved perfectly well. Had The Gallies behaved tolerably well, the Sommersett must, beyond a Doubt, have fallen into our Hands. Could we be furnished with sufficient Ammunition for a Twenty four and an Eighteen Pounder, without drawing from the Forts, I am confident we should oblige the Shipping to keep down the River as low as Billingsport. By w’ch means they cou’d not attempt raising the Chievau de Frize. We should be provided with proper Harness & Horses for these Pieces, to move them to any part of the Shore at Pleasure. I am apprehensive we might do much by throwing up a Battery about one Third of a Mile below Billings Port, from

which, & the Battery before mentioned we could easily cross fire upon every Intch of Channel Way opposite the Mouth of Manto Creek, and Oblige the Shipping to move farther down, liable to be dismasted from our lower Battery; Or farther up, when they would probably stick upon the Chievau de Frize, and be in danger from Fort Mifflin and the Fire Craft. The great Injury their Shipping would receive, might probably draw them out from Billings Port to attack us, their present Numbers we could beat, & by that means possess ourselves of their Works, Should they considerably reinforce, w’ch I immagine they might occasionally do from their Shipping, we might loose our Cannon, by being obliged to retreat. Billingsport is the Key of the Delaware, as the Ship Channel is within Muskit shot of it. I can perceive but one Objection to a Manœuvre of this kind; And indeed that is an important one; Should the Enemy attack Red Bank in the mean Time, by landing below Timber Creek, which they might do, we could not afford that Garrison timely Aid. The Remainder of General McDougalls Division, could they be spared, would form a Counter ballance to that Difficulty. Colo. Smith is continually complaining of the Remisness of the Fleet. I have conversed freely with the Commodore upon the Subject of Defence, w’ch he ought to afford. He has pointed out to me the Places where he has ordered his Guard Boats and some of his Gallies stationed by Night. His Plan, if spiritedly executed, would sufficiently Aid Fort Mifflin, and Prevent the Enemy from making a Lodgement in its rear. The Commodore says he cannot prevent the Enemies Boats from passing up and down the River, as they are covered by their Batteries upon Province Island and at the Mouth of Skylkill. In short, the Commodore appears to be a very good kind of a Man, but his extreeme good Nature gives too great a License to those under his Command, who would obey only from Severity, if any such he has, to shun their Duty. From the Conduct of the Fleet Yesterday, your Excellency will be able to know my Sentiments respecting their Prowess. I shall religious avoid any personal Disputes myself, where I cannot be of Service by them, to the public; I shall continue however, to create, if possible, greater Harmony between the Fleet and Garrisons.
As the Garrisons have necessarily many sick, We are in great Want of some Gentleman from the Hospital Department, to establish a Place for their Reception, with Medicine and other Articles to make them comfortable. Indeed they suffer on that Account.
I should have mentioned, when speaking of Fort Mifflin, that the Enemy were busy, yesterday, in erecting a Fortification upon Province Island, in such a Position as to play obliquely Upon the Palisadoes. This Circumstance convinces me that they do not intend a very sudden Attack upon the Fort. Should they destroy the Palisadoes, The Defence

of the Island will then greatly depend upon the Gallies; Altho’ it will be difficult to approach to the Rear of the Work, as the Enemy must pass upon a Meadow w’ch is very miery. They cannot surmount that Difficulty by laying Fascines, unless the Gallies quit the Passage between Red Bank and mud Island intirely. In fine, I must beg Liberty to repeat that Billingsport is of far more Importance than all the Forts and Gallies put together. This seems also to be the concurring Sentiment of the Gentlemen here universally.
I have not seen Genl Forman, nor can I learn where he is. There are about sixty of his Militia at Red bank—Genl Newcomb is still here, & his Troops may amount to two Hundred. I cannot tell their Number exactly, And believe he cannot. They are badly provided, and can be of little Service in any serious Operation.
I hope your Excellency will excuse the Prolixity of this, & believe me sincerely yours,

J. M. Varnum

P.S. 12 OClock; This Moment your Excellency’s of the 4th Instant comes to Hand. In your letter to Colo. Smith, you mention Clothing. Since my Arrival, have vested three Officers from Fort Mifflin with full Powers of gathering Clothing. Have sent them to Salem among the Tory Quakers, directing them to proceed with Humanity and Tenderness But, at all Events, to procure the Articles necessary for the Garrison, giving their Receipts Specifiying the Quantities and Qualities. I should not have presumed upon such a Measure, but from the urgent Necessity; & being persuaded it was agreeable to what your Excellency had ordered in Pensylvania.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel David Forman, 7 November 1777
From: Forman, David
To: Washington, George

Sir
Prince Town [N.J.] 7th Novr 1777

Your Excelys favr of the 31st I recd the 1st Novr and The same Morning I recd an Answar from The Counsil of Safety to a Letter I had wrote to Govr Livingston Respecting The Conduct of Brgr Genl Newcomb—The Counsil of safety in their Letter to me enclosed one for Genl Newcomb which they assured me contain’d Their orders to him to make me returns of his Brigade and receive my orders—I Immediately sent a Horsman to Genl Newcomb with The Letter, but recd no kind of Answar from him—I then wrote a Note requesting him to furnish a Number of Men to Mount Certain Guards as Will Necessary to insure early intilligence of The Enemies movements should They make a second Decent on this Shoar as to prevent a Communication with the Enemy, and sent Lieut. Colol Laurance with it to Genl Newcomb.
At the Colols return I recd a Verbal Answar that the Counsil of safty

had no right to give him any Directions—Neither woold he furnish me with one Man or receive any orders from me—That He had Called The Militia together without any order and woold if he pleased Dismiss them the Next Day and requested he might not be troubled with any farther Applications from Genl Forman.
The Militia from that Quarter was Then Comeing in, in Considerable Numbers—it struck me very fully that by persueing any rough Measures towards Genl Newcomb, The Militia might make a pretence of our Dispute to refuse to Assemble & that it was not Improbable to Conclude Genl Newcomb woold even Dismiss Those that ware allready Assembled—I thought it very Imprudent to risque either of these events at that Critical time—on Considering that part of yr Excely Letter of the 31st Wherein your Excly recommends my makeing a Pointed representation of Genl Newcombs Conduct, I Come to the Following resolution Vizt.
The Troops that Marched from Monmouth with me ware previously incorporated with the Garrison in red Bank fort—Those from Burlington I ordered to mudd Island as soon as They should Arrive—Conceiveing I could at no Time be better spared to make The necessary representation in person to The Govr Counsil & Assembly of Genl Newcombs Conduct & at The same time give the Militia Time to Assemble—Genl Varnums being in the Nibourhood allso Conspired to make my presence less Necessary—On Comeing to Trentown I found the Assembly had adjourned to prince Town—To which place I followed them on Monday—The Govr was not then Come.
On Tewsday Evening he Arrive but too Late to do any Business—Wednessday morning I waited on him Early and fully Explaind Genl Newcombs Conduct—a Counsil of Safety was Called and a Letter wrote by the Govr with the Advice of The Counsil to Genl Newcomb to give me the Command as being the Eldest officer—and No farther Notice Taken of him.
While I was here Two Petitions ware handed into The Assembly most unjustly chargeing me and sundry other Gent. with undue practicees on the Day of Election & praying the Election to be set Aside—The Petition Was read in the House and a Hearing ordered on Tewsday Next and a Notice served on me to Attend.
I immediately went to the Assembly, Informed them of my Then situation and requested the hearing might be Deferrd for a few Days untill the Militia ware Assembled and put in some order—my request was Denyed.
I informed Them that it was impossable for me to do Justice to my Command at red Bank and Attend The House on Tewsday—that I found my self hurt as a Gent. by the Illiberal Charges in the petition—that my reputation as such might suffer should I Neglect to Attend.

On The other hand my reputation as an officer might be injured by my Absence from my post for so long a Time as I Conceived my Attendance in their House woold be Necessary.
That I knew of no way to save my reputation as a Gent. and At the same time to risque nothing as an officer but resigning my Commission—Which I then Delivered to Mr Speaker and Left The House—A few Minutes after I recd a Message From The House Informing that as I had not recd my Commission from Them they Could not receive it and returned it to me. I went Immediately to the Govr from him I recd it and returned it to him.
Allthough I have Long been Disgusted with The indolance and want of Attention to military Matters in The Legislature of this State I was Determined to Spin out this Campaign in my Slavery, Untill I found a set of Men Ploting by The most unfair Means to stain my reputation.
for I am well perswadeed they ment to take advantage of my Absence & at a Time when they Conceived I woold not have been able to attend—Genl Varnums being at red Bank will I doubt not abundantly Supply my absence.
I have at prest no anxiety but that The step I have taken may not so fully meet your Excely approbation as I could Wish & that I flatter my self I shall have it when I have an opportunity fully to Explain to your Excely my Treatment. I have The Honr to be Your Excelys Most obdt Humble Servt

David Forman

N.B. I This Minute recd good Information that 36 Sail of Ships Sailed from New York and Sandy Hook on the fifth of This Inst. Supposed to be Genl Clinton.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Horatio Gates, 7 November 1777
From: Gates, Horatio
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Albany 7th November 1777.

After sending upwards of Five Thousand Men to the Succour of the Southern Army, I hoped a further Draught from this Department would have been unnecessary; but Colonel Hamilton acquaints me, it was the Unanimous Opinion of a Council of War, that the whole of the Eastern Regiments should March from hence, & that Troops were only to be stationed at peeks Kill, And in the Highlands, for the defence of the Country this Way. With the greatest deference to the Opinion of the Council of War, I must inform Your Excellency, that Troops posted at peeks Kill, or in the Highlands, cannot prevent the Enemy from Destroying this City, And Arsenal, whenever they please to make the Attempt; The passage being intirely unobstructed, a leading Wind Carries a Fleet up the River, before it will be in the power of the Forces posted in the Highlands, to give any Effectual Opposition thereto, as General putnam very lately Experienced. Colonel Hamilton, after presenting me with Your Excellency’s Letter, verbally Demanded, that almost the whole of the Troops now in this Department, should be Ordered to proceed directly for New Windsor; I told the Colonel, that Your Excellency’s Orders should be Obey’d, but that if My Opinion was to be taken upon the Subject, I was intirely averse to more than One Brigade being Sent from hence, As this City, and Arsenal, were not Secure with fewer Troops than would then be left to Guard them; And every good Effect of the ruin of Genl Burgoyne’s Army, totally lost, should the Enemy Succeed in an Attempt to possess this Town.
Upon mature consideration of all Circumstances, I have nevertheless Ordered Genl Glover’s Brigade, to be Added to General paterson’s,

in reinforcement to Your Army; And they will March immediately down the East side of Hudson’s River, to peek’s Kill. Colonel Hamilton, to whom I beg leave to refer Your Excellency, will Report every thing that I wish to have you Acquainted with, as well with respect to the present state, as The future Operations, this way. I am, Sir, Your Excellency’s Most Obedt Humble Servt

Horatio Gates


Title: To George Washington from Henry Laurens, 7 November 1777
From: Laurens, Henry
To: Washington, George

Sir—
York Town [Pa.] 7th Novem: 1777.

I had the honour of writing to you the 4th & 5th by the conveyance of the Express Wm Jones since which Your Excellency’s dispatch under the 1st & 3d Currt with several inclosed papers reached me, were immediately Reported to Congress & Committed to the Board of War.
My present duty is to forward the following recited Minutes & Resolves.

Of the 1st Inst: for observing the 18th December next as a day of general Thanksgiving to Almighty God.
6th Inst. directing Your Excellency to settle the Ranks of Officers of Cavalry & to Issue their Commissions.
of the 24th & 31st July—25 November—12th & 27th December 1776—1st & 14 January 1777. relative to the Horse.
to these I beg leave to refer & remain with great regard & Esteem sir Your Excellency’s Most obedient servant

Henry Laurens Presidt in Cong:

P.S. the Secretary this moment sent in a Resolve of Congress of this day—on General’s Mifflin’s Resignation & the appointment of a Board of War which will go inclosed with the papers above mentioned.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Alexander Martin, 7 November 1777
From: Martin, Alexander
To: Washington, George

May it please your Excellency
[Whitemarsh, Pa.] Novr 7th 1777.

The within Proceedings of the Board of Officers of the N. Carolina Brigade I approve of, and do recommend the Gentlemen Officers

within named—both from their Rank & Merit, to your Excellency, to fill the Vacancies aforesaid.

Alex: Martin Colo. Com.


Title: To George Washington from Richard Peters, 7 November 1777
From: Peters, Richard
To: Washington, George

Sir
War Office [York, Pa.] Novr 7th 1777

The Board after making every Enquiry they can & after viewing the Subject in every Light they are capable of are convinced of the Necessity & Rictitude of siezing Blanketts Shoes & Necessaries for the Army from People of all Characters who can possibly spare them & from the disaffected altho the Measure should expose them to the greatest Difficulties which however cannot be greater than the Wants of the Army now subject them to & if either must suffer both Policy & Justice direct that the Disstress should fall upon those who are injuring instead of defending their Country. I am to inform you that the Board have not the least Prospect of obtaining Blanketts at any Rate or Shoes in any reasonable Time unless in the Way above pointed out. They therefore request that your Excellency will be pleased to appoint (if you have not already done it) proper spirited Officers to collect Necessaries for the Army in this State as well as in other Places & that they should without Hesitation take from the dissaffected in Chester County particularly; every thing wanted for the Use of the Army. I am directed to mention Major Robinson of Col. Johnston’s Regt as a proper Person to be employed in Chester County as he well knows the People there. With the greatest Respect I have the Honour to be your very obedt Servt

Richard Peters Secy

I have the Honour of your Excellency’s Letter of the 3d inst. The Board will consult Congress to know if any Promise was made the Chevr Portail of the Nature he mentions in his Memorial. At present they are totally unacquainted with any such Promise.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Israel Putnam, 7 November 1777
From: Putnam, Israel
To: Washington, George

Dear Genl
Fish Kill [N.Y.] Novemr 7th 1777

Your’s of the 31st Octor and 1st Novemr I have been favor’d with, and have taken the Necessary precautions that your Army should be supply’d with Provisions.

In my last I Informed you that Genel Warners Brigade were orderd to Join you, but as they are Rais’d only till the first of Decemr the Officers and men think it exceeding hard, that they should be obliged Make that Long March and their times out soon after they could Reach you—I have in Consequence of their Request detain’d them here to make obstructions in the River—Governor Clinton and myself have been down to View the Forts, and are both of opinion that a Boom thro’ across at Fort Constitution, and a Battery on each side the River, would Answer a Much better purpose than at Fort Montgomery, as the Garrison would be Reinforced by Militia, with More expedition and the Ground much more Defencable.
All these Circumstances Considerd we have Concluded to obstruct the Navigation at the former place, and shall go about it Immediately.
The Cannon that were Left at the Forts are Renderd entirely useless—except Six 12 Pounders at Fort Constitution, and these are spiked; and the Trunnions Broke off, but may be stockd so as Answer the purpose tolerably well.
I Yesterday Recd a Letter from Col. Hamilton, dated at Albany, Ordering me to send forward 1,000 more Contl Troops, than was proposed when he was here, this will leave me with About 300 Contl Troops, and no Militia, except those whose times Are out the first of Decemr, to cover all this Distressed Country—I dont think I can Justify myself in this, without first acquainting you, and if I then have your Excellency’s Orders, I will with pleasure Immediately, and punctually Comply with them.
I am sorry to Inform you that for the want of Pay, Genl Poors Brigade of Contl Troops have Refused to Cross the North River. The Troops Mutuned, the Officers endeavouring to surpress them, and they so Determind to go home, that a Capt. in the Execution of his Duty, Run a Soldier thro’ the Body, who soon expired, but not before he shot the Capt. thro’ who is sinse dead—I have got several of them in Provost Guard, and a Genl Court Martial sitting for their Tryal, About 20 of them have made their escape and gone home, I have sent off some Light Horse, and officers of the Brigade to bring them back—In order to make peace, and Reinforce you as soon as possible, I am endeavouring to Borrow about £1000 or 1500 to give them, a Months Pay—in the Mean time they are Curing themselves of the Itch, as soon as this operation is over they will March Immediately—This I acknowledge is a bad president, but it is a worse one to keep Troops ten Months without Pay.
This Department is absolutely in Distress for Money, and the Necessary Business Cannot be Carried on without a supply is Immediately sent. I am Dear Genl verry Respectfully Your Most Obt servt

Israel Putnam

P:S: I have Just Recd Information from Genls Dickinson & Parsons, that Sir Henry Clinton has embarkd about 6000 Troops, as a Reinforcement for Genl Howe, they have not yet saild I shall go down to White Plains this afternoon, to make a shew, there, possably this will prevent their going so soon as they would otherways, if at all.


Title: To George Washington from John Augustine Washington, 7 November 1777 [letter not found]
From: Washington, John Augustine
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from John Augustine Washington, 7 Nov. 1777. GW wrote his brother John Augustine Washington on 26 Nov.: “Your Letters of the 26th of Octr and 7th Instt have come safe to hand.”


Title: From George Washington to Martha Washington, 7 November 1777 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Washington, Martha

Letter not found: to Martha Washington, 7 Nov. 1777. In a letter to Anna Maria Dandridge Bassett of 18 Nov., Martha Washington wrote her sister that “the last Letter I had from the General was dated the 7th of this month he says nothing hath happend since the unsuccessful attack upon our forts on the Dalaware” (ViMtvL).


Title: General Orders, 8 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, White Marsh [Pa.] Novr 8th 1777.
Parole Hungary.C. Signs Prussia. Poland.

The service requiring that the men be ready to march on the shortest notice, the officers commanding brigades and corps are to be particularly careful to keep their men constantly supplied with two day’s provisions on hand.
To make the more dispatch in the trial of Officers under Arrest, Brigade General Courts Martial are to be held without delay for the trial of all such officers as shall apply to the Brigadiers, or officers commanding brigades for trial before these courts.
The Commander in Chief approved of the sentence of the General Court Martial, relative to Brigadier Genl Maxwell, published in General Orders of the 4th instant, but thro’ mistake that approbation was not inserted.


Title: Council of War, 8 November 1777
From: Council of War
To:

[Whitemarsh, Pa.] 8th Novr 1777

At a Council of War &c.
Present Major Genls Sullivan[,] Greene[,] Marquis LaFayette[,] McDougal[,] Brigadrs Maxwell[,] Knox[,] Wayne[,] Weedon[,] Woodford[,] Scott[,] Conway[,] Huntington[,] Irvine.
His Excellency having informed the Council of the Reinforcements that were expected from Peekskill and that among them was 1600 Militia from Massachusets under Genl Warner whose times would expire the last of November.
His Excellency informed the Council that from a variety of circumstances he was of opinion that the Enemy mean a formidable attack upon Fort Mifflin very soon, and desired their opinion whether under our present circumstances as to Numbers &ca we could afford further assistance to the Forts than has been hitherto given; without endangering the Safety of this Army.
The following question was put. Whether, in Case the Enemy should make an attack upon the Forts upon Delaware, it would be proper with our present Force to fall down and attack the Enemy in their Lines near Philada?
Ansr. In the Negative unanimously.