Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Pierre Bertholon, 15 February 1778
From: Bertholon, abbé Pierre
To: Franklin, Benjamin

A Beziers le 15 fevrier 1778
  Je cherchois depuis quelque temps, Monsieur, une occasion pour vous faire tenir un exemplaire imprimé d’un mémoire sur le tonnerre etc.; et je viens seulement à present d’en decouvrir une qui est sure; je la saisis avec le plus grand empressement, pour vous présenter cette petite bagatelle comme un hommage que tous les physiciens vous doivent à si juste titre et que je serois glorieux de vous offrir, si elle pouvoit meriter en quelque sorte votre attention.
Ce memoire a été lu dans une des plus illustres assemblées du Royaume, dans la seance publique de l’Academie de Montpellier qui se tient devant les trois ordres de la province, composés de ce qu’il y a de plus elevé en dignité. On l’entendit avec quelque plaisir, sans doute à cause de l’interêt du sujet et certainement parcequ’il y etoit fait mention de votre nom célébre, et de vos decouvertes à jamais mémorables. Je fus enchanté de donner des temoignages publics de mes sentimens pour le physicien le plus illustre du 18e siecle que toute l’Europe révère et pour qui la france a une affection toute particuliere.
Bientôt je donnerai une suite à ce mémoire et de nouveau vous m’y verres exprimer tout ce que je sens pour les sublimes decouvertes dont on vous est redevable. Je vous en presenterai aussi un exemplaire, comme je vous en offre un aujourd’huy et cela avec d’autant plus de confiance que vous aves plus d’indulgence, parcequ’elle est ordinairement l’appanage du merite superieur. J’ai l’honneur d’être avec une estime respectueuse Monsieur Votre tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur
Bertholonpretre de la mission des Academiesdes sciences de Montpellier, de Beziers,de Lyon, Marseille, Dijon, Nismes,Toulouse et Bordeau &c.
mr Franklin.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Le Docteur Franklin, des / Academies de philadelphie, de Londres, de Paris &c. / a passi / par Paris.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jacques-Dominique Roberdeau, 15 February 1778
From: Roberdeau, Jacques-Dominique de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Haguenau in alsace. the 15th february 1778
I duly received the favour you have honoured me with and the inclosed Letter from General Roberdeau of the first May past by way of a proof of his real existence.
I have discovered in our Family papers, that one James Roberdeau has left his Country in the last century, and I am quite persuaded that this very same is related to me; I write to him the inclosed in order to have more material information about him; I pray for the favour to direct it to him by the surest way, and if something is left out in the Direction, to mend it. You’ll oblige me very much, my most ardent desires are for your conservation, and the prosperity of your good American people. I am with all respect Sir Your very humble and obediant servant
Jacques Roberdeaucolonel of Cavalry in the french Kings

Notation: Jacs Roberdeau


Title: The American Commissioners to the Committee for Foreign Affairs, 16 February 1778
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Committee for Foreign Affairs

Gentlemen,
Passy, Feb. 16. 1778.
We have now the Pleasure of sending you the Treaties of Amity and Alliance with France compleated after long Deliberation and signed the 6th. Instant. This is an Event that will give our States such an Appearance of Stability, as must strengthen our Credit, encourage other Powers in Europe to ally themselves with us, weaken the Hopes of our internal, as well as external Enemies, fortify our Friends, and be in many other Respects so advantageous to us, that we congratulate you upon it most heartily; And we flatter ourselves that the Congress will approve of the Terms and dispatch the Ratifications as soon as possible. It is understood that Spain is shortly to accede to the same Treaties: We have in ours of Decr. 18. mentioned the Reasons of her Delay, which still subsist, but probably will not subsist much longer. These Treaties continue a Secret here, and may do so ’till the Commencement of the War, which is daily expected. Our little Fleet formerly mentioned which has been long watched and detained in Nantes River, by the English cruising off Bellisle, is now on the point of sailing under the Convoy of a French Squadron. As the English are pretty strong in the Bay, it is possible that their Attack and the French Defence of our Ships may be the Prelude of a Declaration on both Sides.
Having received Part of the 3,000,000 Livres we formerly mentioned to you, we have furnished Mr. W. Lee and Mr. Izard, with 2,000 Guineas each for the Expences of their Mission to Germany and Italy. And as we have received Intimations from Holland, that the Appearance of one of us there might at this Juncture have good Effects, we have resum’d the Purpose formerly communicated to you, and as soon as our Treaty with France is known and the Winter over probably either Mr. Deane, or Mr. Franklin, will make a Journey thither.
But as we apprehend it may be known here, by some means or other, that we furnish the Expence of these Embassies, out of the Aids received from this Court, which we think not reputable to the Congress, we must again press you to make us the necessary Remittances to replace what we have borrow’d from the Funds destined for your Supplies. And particularly we pray most earnestly, that you would forward as soon as possible the 5000 Hogsheads of Tobacco for the Farmers General, who will soon be in want of it, and who long since advanc’d us a Million for your Use. Our Honour is concern’d in the Fulfilling of this Contract.
The seizing and delivering up to the English two Prizes taken by Capt. Babson, on Account of their being illegally entered under a false Declaration, made a good deal of Noise among our People in the Ports, and gave unfavourable Impressions of the Friendship of this Court, which possibly may extend to America; we think it therefore necessary to inform you that tho’ the Confiscation of these Prizes on the above Account is said to be agreable to the Laws here, and that the King had after a Condemnation the Power of disposing of the Produce for what purpose, political or otherwise he might think proper, and accordingly restored it, at that Juncture, perhaps usefully, to the English Claimants; yet as it is thought a hard Case respecting the Captors, a Beginning is made of Indemnification; and we hope on the same Principles on which we are soon to receive a Part, (50,000 Livres), we shall be able in time to recover the whole.
We have to avoid Disputes at a particular Time, delivered up the Cargo brought by the Amphitrite to Mr. Beaumarchais. We hear that he has sent over a Person to demand a great Sum of you, on Account of Arms, Ammunition &c. We think it will be best for you to leave that Demand to be settled by us here, as there is a Mixture in it of publick and private Concern, which you cannot so well develop.
We send you herewith a great many News Papers and some Manuscript Intelligence. In the Papers you will see Lord North’s only Answer to our Application about the Prisoners: as also the Success of a Subscription set on Foot in England, by our Friends for their Relief. They are at present pretty comfortably provided for.
By our late Advices from England, the Ministers begin to be alarmed for their Country and perhaps for themselves. Some of their Emissaries have been here to sound us, and endeavour to get from some of us Propositions on which to found a Treaty; which we evaded giving, as not being impower’d to make any, and apprehending withal that even reasonable ones, proposed by us, might be used improperly by the Ministry, to exasperate instead of conciliating; the Pride of the Nation chusing still to consider us as Subjects. Many of the Speakers in Parliament of both Houses, seem to look upon a French War at this Juncture (when so much of their Force is abroad, and their publick Credit so shaken) as immediate Ruin. And we are assured by the last Post, from good Authority, that even Lord Mansfield, who in the beginning of this Business was so valiant, spoke lately in private to Lord Cambden of the absolute Necessity of an immediate Coalition of Parties, to prevent the great impending Danger to the Nation, from an Alliance between the House of Bourbon and the Americans, which he said he had good Information was on the Point of being concluded. We have the honour to be, with the highest Esteem, Gentlemen, Your most obedient humble Servants
B FranklinSilas DeaneArthur Lee

The honble: Comme: for Foreign Affairs.

Notations: recd. May 18th / Orig. From the Commissioners Paris Feb. 16 1778 recd. May 18. see the Files


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Balthazar-Georges Sage, 16 February 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Sage, Balthazar-Georges

Monsieur
Passi ce 16 fever. 1778
J’ay Lu le memoire de Madame de la Chevalerie que vous m’avez envoyé. Je suis persuadé qu’elle n’aura pas Negligé de Justifier au Congrès de sa qualité de francaise Si on luy a promis a ce titre la Restitution des Marchandises qui luy apartenoient et qui etoient Chargés dans Le Navire Le glocester pris par la fregatte americaine le requin a la hauteur des Bermudes. Après, Monsieur, que la Justice aura prononcé sur le sort de ces Marchandises, si la valeur luy en est Rendue, Madame de la Chevalerie poura Charger quelqu’un de ses pouvoirs pour la Retirer et je luy indiqueray alors des personnes de toutte Confiance a qui elle poura s’adresser, mais en attendant je ne peux que faire des voeux pour tout ce qu’elle peut desirer. J’ay l’honneur d’estre tres parfaittement Monsieur vostre tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur
B Franklin
Le Congrès ne prend pas Connoissance de ces Sortes d’affaires, C’est La Justice.M. Sage de L’academie des Sciences.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jacques-Robert Le Blanc, 16 February 1778
From: Le Blanc, Jacques-Robert
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Paris le 16. fev. 1778.
Je dois presumer que vous ignorez le differand qui existe entre Monsieur Deane et moy, car vous estes trop juste pour autoriser un manque de parolle, toutes les personnes de consideration qui s’interessent pour moy y sont fort sensibles. C’est votre Equité que je prends pour juge, cette déférence est due à la Reputation dont vous jouissez. J’ay lieu de Croire Monsieur qu’elle me dispensera de traduire Monsieur Deane devant nos tribunaux.
Je suis parti de france le 27 novembre 1776 pour me rendre à l’amerique septentrionale muni de lettres de Monsieur Deane pour le Congrés et pour le général Vaginston, auquel il m’adressoit comme bon militaire et officier courageux, sur Le Temoignage rendu de moy par Monsieur Le Marquis de Lambert Colonel du regiment de Berry Cavalerie dans lequel je sers depuis pres de vingt ans; le Batiment qui me portoit, par une Trahison du Capitaine ameriquain a été pris par les anglois, j’ay été 7. mois et demi prisonnier en angleterre. De retour en france, j’ay demandé de suivre mon premier projet, voulant donner au congrés cette nouvelle preuve de mon zele pour ses interets. Monsieur Deane m’a repondu que les Emplois etoient remplis et que ma démarche n’auroit point de Succés; j’ay demandé alors qu’il me fut fait raison des depenses que j’ay faites et des pertes que j’ay essuyés. On ne m’ecoutoit point, j’ay parlé plus haut, pretendant ne devoir point etre confondu dans la foulle des gens qui par mauvaise conduite ou pour fuire leurs creanciers ont été chercher du service dans vos colonnies. Monsieur Deane est convenu de me payer cent Louis qui avec 20. que j’ay touché a Bordeaux, ne font pas même le montant du memoire que je lui ai remis; par des reflexions ulterieures et contre la parole qu’il m’avoit donné, il ne m’a compté que cinquante Louis pretendant qu’il faut qu’il fasse agréer mon memoire par le congrés. Ce n’est point Monsieur une grace que j’ay demandée, il ne depend point par consequent du Congrés de me l’accorder. J’ay proposé de recevoir l’indemnité qui m’est due de par le service qu’on m’accorderoit, on ne l’a pas voulu, elle m’est donc bien legitimement due en argent puisqu’elle n’est seulement que le remboursement de mes dépenses et des pertes que j’ay faites en allant servir votre pays. Je ne suis pas riche, mes facultés ne me permettans pas d’attendre, je demande les cinquante Louis restans qui me sont encore dues et si Monsieur Deane persiste a me les refuser ne serais-je pas Monsieur fondé a le Traduire devant nos tribunaux, si je n’avois pas la resource de votre Equité qui me dispensera sans doute d’avoir recours a une orage d’Eclat que mes conseils me pressent de suivre. Je suis avec toute la consideration et le respect que vous merité Monsieur Votre tres humble et obeissant serviteur
Le BlancOfficier de Cavalerie chez Mr. Dalbyavocat au parlemt rüe St. Louisau marais

Notation: Le Blanc Offr


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from “Prince” Mostowski, 16 February 1778
From: Mostowski, “Prince” Paul Michael
To: Franklin, Benjamin

A la Villette près de Paris ce 16. fevrier 1778.
Le Prince Mostowski Palatin du Duché de Mazovie après avoir pris lecture de l’interrogatoire que Monsieur Franklin a subit avec une présence d’esprit héroique, et une fermete rare, et après avoir examiné les belles Constitutions qui ressemblent presque à celles de sa Nation, a tout a fait changé des Sentiments et s’il avait eù Connaissance de ces Constitutions auparavant il n’aurait pas remis à Monsieur Franklin les papiers tels qu’ils sont.
C’est pourquoi il désire d’avoir l’honneur de voir Monsieur Franklin vendredi prochain vers midi, il voudra bien lui marquer s’il sera libre. Comme le Prince n’a pas actuellement d’Anglois qui puisse traduire la rèponse de Monsieur franklin il désirerait qu’elle fut en français.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Franklin / Docteur / à Passy. Maison de / Mr. Chaumont
Notation: Prince Mostowski


Title: The American Commissioners to the Committee for Foreign Affairs, 17 February 1778
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Committee for Foreign Affairs

Gentlemen
Paris Feby. 17. 1778
We have given Capt. Courter whom we have entrusted with our Dispatches one hundred Louis D’Ors: His Journey to Corogne will be very expensive. He will keep an Account of his Expences which he will give you and we recommend him to you for such further allowance, independant of the Actual expence of his Voyage, as you shall judge adequate to his Services. He appears to be a Steady well disposed person and has the Character of a Skilful and brave Seaman. We have the Honour to remain &c.
B.F.S.D.A.L.
Hon’ble Committee of Foreign Affairs


Title: The American Commissioners to Harmon Courter, 17 February 1778
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Courter, Harmon

Sir,
Paris Feby. 17 1778
We Deliver you herewith our Letters and Dispatches for Congress which you will take Care of, and on no account Let them go out of your Possession until you deliver them up to the Hon’ble Committee of Foreign Affairs. On your embarking secure them in a Proper manner for being Sunk, in Case of being actually taken by the Enemy. We give you 100 Louis D’ors for your expences, of which you will keep an account and render the same to the Congress, to whom we have recommended you, for such further Consideration as shall be judged adequate to the Services you will render them and the Public, by delivering these dispatches in Safety. We wish you a good Voyage and with recommending the strictest Prudence and Œconomy remain Sir Your &c.
B FS.DA L
Capt. Courter


Title: The American Commissioners to the Massachusetts Board of War, 17 February 1778
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Massachusetts Board of War

Gentlemen
Paris Feby. 17 1778
This will be handed you by Capt. Courter who goes express with our Dispatches to Congress and is to inform you that we have wrote by the Capt. of the Frigate in which Capt. Courter takes Passage, for you to Pay the Capt. of said Frigate the Sum of 15,000 Livres money of France which Letter of ours we are Confident will meet with due honor; and we have further to ask you to furnish Capt. Courter with every thing necessary for his making the greatest Dispatch on his way to Congress. We most Cordially Congratulate you on the very favourable turn which American affairs have lately taken and have the honor to remain with great Esteem Gentlemen Your &c.
B.FS.D.
Hon’ble the Committee of War at Boston.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to the Massachusetts Board of War: Extract, 17 February 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Massachusetts Board of War

Passy, near Paris, Feb. 17, 1778
I was much oblig’d by your Favour of Oct. 20. containing the History of the Campaign, and exceeding good news of Gen. Burgoyne’s Deafeat, etc. I communicated it immediately to the Ministry at Versailles, to whom it gave the most perfect Satisfaction. I have now the Pleasure to acquaint you, that two Treaties between France and the United States, the one a Treaty of Amity and Commerce, the other of Alliance for mutual Defence, are at length happily compleated, and were finally signed by the Plenipotentiaries on both sides on the 6th instant. The Transaction is, for certain Reasons, still kept a Secret here: but will not be long so, as France is determined to claim and defend her Right to a free Commerce with us by these Treaties, notwithstanding the antiquated, or rather forfeited Claim of Britain, which it is supposed will bring on a War, that is now on that account daily expected. In the whole Affair, the King has acted with the Highest Honour and Magnanimity, taking no Advantage of our present Difficulties to exact extraordinary Terms, but treating with us on the Footing of the most perfect Equality, the Engagements being reciprocal, and none but such as we might willingly enter into if we were establish’d in Prosperity and Power. No particular Privileges in Trade being asked for France, nor any stipulated but what we are at liberty to grant to any other Nation. The most Christian King guarantees the Liberty, Sovereignty, and Independence absolute and unlimited of the United States, with all their Possessions, and the States guarantee to him his Possessions in the West Indies. The Treaties go over to the Congress by this Conveyance.
B. Franklin.
Honble Board of War, Boston.


Title: Dumas to the American Commissioners, 17 February 1778
From: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

La haie 17e Fevrier 1778
Envoyé les nouv[elles] de Hambourg du 10e, le Mercure de Janvier et l’article de Nantes 6e fevrier dans la gazette de Leide Suppl[ément] No. 14 &c.
Paris à l’h. Com. pl. des E. U. de l’A. S.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from La Rochefoucauld, 18 February 1778
From: La Rochefoucauld, Louis-Alexandre, duc de La Roche-Guyon et de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Paris Mercredi 18 [February, 1778]
Ma mere vous avoit invité, Monsieur, à un concert qui doit se tenir demain chez nous, et elle se faisoit un grand honneur et un grand plaisir de pouvoir vous procurer un petit amusement; mais voici une circonstance qu’elle ignoroit et dont elle me charge de vous prévenir.
Ce concert est formé par souscription, et Lady Stormont est une des souscrivantes. Elle vient à tous les concerts, ainsi que Lord Stormont; or, comme votre Traité avec les Anglois n’est pas encore conclu, peut être n’est-il pas encore tems que vous aiez une entrevue avec cet Ambassadeur. Nous sommes tous bien fâchés que cet obstacle s’oppose au plaisir que nous nous faisions de vous posséder demain quelques instans.
Les nouvelles de Londres disent que Lord Chatam a la goutte, et qu’il avoit prévenu par une lettre le Duc de Richmond de l’impossibilité où il étoit de se trouver à la Chambre le 2. Une personne de ma connoissance a vu des lettres du 14. où il n’y a rien de nouveau. Adieu, Monsieur, permettez moi de finir sans cérémonie, et de vous offrir tout simplement l’hommage de ma veneration et de mon attachement
Le Duc DE LA Rochefoucauld

Addressed: Monsieur, / Monsieur le Docteur Benjamin franklyn / A Passy.
Notation: de la Rochefoucault.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to La Rochefoucauld and the Duchesse d’Enville, 18 February 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: La Rochefoucauld, Louis-Alexandre, duc de La Roche-Guyon et de,Enville, Marie-Louise-Nicole-Elisabeth de La Rochefoucauld, duchesse d’

Passy, Feb. 18. 78
  M. Franklin presents his respectful Compliments to Made. la Duchesse d’Enville, and to M. le Duc de Rochefoucauld. He sees clearly with them the Impropriety of his appearing at the Concert, under the Circumstances mentioned, and returns his Thanks for the Notice given him, which he shall observe.
Our Advices from England are that Lord Chatham has had Overtures made him to take a Part in the Ministry; but has absolutely refus’d, unless both new Counsels and new Counsellers were first resolv’d on.


Title: Samuel Nicholson to the American Commissioners, 18 February 1778
From: Nicholson, Samuel
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Honorable Gentlemen
Quiberone Bay Febry. 18th. 1778
I wrote you the 12th Inst. from this Place at which time I thought we were all Happy on board, but fortunately I believe I may Venture to say, Capt. Corvisen[?] and my self had some small difference, on account of which he and his Officers have done all in their power to throw every thing into Confusion, but very fortunately Mr. Williams Came on board the next Day, who with the Unprejidiced part our Worthy Commedore Acted; has setteled the Matter to my satisfaction, and I am convinced will turn out for the Publick Good. Matters at first were related I make no doubt much to my Prejidice, but as things has, and allways will speak for them selves; I believe every Officer in the Fleet, by this time are well Convinced I have been very Ill treated; and nothing but the Good of my Country cou’d have made me Put up with; I will say no more on the subject but leave the whole of my Conduct from the first of this Affair, to Mr. Williams, who I make no doubt will give You A true and Impartial Account of the Whole. All is well now on board and there is only 18 French Men left us Officers Included and the greatest Part of them I refused to take, they being incapabale of any kind of duty. I am Gentlemen with all Due respect Your Humble Servant
Sam Nicholson

Addressed: To / The Honble Silas Deane / Esqr / Paris.
Notation: Capt. Nicholson Feb. 18 1778


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from David Hartley, 18 February 1778
From: Hartley, David
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Hartley, writing the day after Lord North revealed the government’s conciliatory plan, was more euphoric than that plan warranted. It had been in preparation since early December, precipitated first by the news of Saratoga and then by increasingly strong intimations of a forthcoming Franco-American alliance. North, faced by reluctance in the King and Germain, had formulated his proposals without consulting the cabinet until the last minute. They were two: renunciation of Parliament’s right to tax America or levy duties for revenue (duties intended to regulate trade were to be refunded to the colonies), and the establishment of a commission empowered to end hostilities, grant pardons, and discuss the suspension, subject to Parliamentary approval, of any act since 1763 to which the Americans objected. This plan was calculated to produce initial euphoria in anyone who, like Hartley, hoped for a mutual agreement, whatever its form, that would preserve the imperial connection. But the plan offered no real ground for hope. From the viewpoint of British conservatives it went too far, for it meant surrendering the meat of sovereignty; George III would not be, remarked one observer, “one jot more substantially King of America than King of France.” From the viewpoint of most Americans the plan did not go far enough. It skirted the question of their independence, by assuming that they would leave that issue open until it vanished in a final settlement. They were expected, in other words, to accept for purposes of negotiation an authority that they had expressly rejected, a sovereignty that would be free, as Franklin quickly pointed out, to undo any agreement that might be reached. The offer might have been welcomed in the colonies two years before; now it was outdated.

My Dear Sir
London feb 18. 1778.
I hope in God that no fatal step has yet been taken between America and the Court of France, which will defeat the hope of a reunion between Great Britain and America. I told you that better times would come. They are come. I hardly can describe to you the Substance of what passed in the House of Commons last Night. Ld. North laid before the house an explanation of his propositions, in which he has done justice to those dispositions for peace and for a settlement of America, which he expressed in the course of a late negotiation upon a subordinate point. (I mean the Affair of the prisoners.) There are no propositions before the house, but only his explanation of the intent of two bills, which are to be brought in. One of the bills is expressly to relinquish parliamentary taxation. The other is to appoint Commissioners to treat with any persons whatsoever and upon any topicks. I think we understood that they are to be, or in effect to be, plenipotentiaries. In short if the bill corresponds to what has been announced, it will give full powers to the Commissioners to proceed to a cessation of hostilities, treaty, peace, and perpetual union with America. The order for bringing in the bill passed nemine Contradicente. I hope in God that it not come too late.
In my opinion, I cannot help attributing in some degree the present change of measures, to the effect of your wise and temperate counsels, and to the knowledge of your friendly—I must add—your magnanimous affection to this Country, which was explained to Lord North on a late occasion. He was at all the time thro common sense possessed of a very high opinion and respect for your person and character; and so I found him upon the opening of our conferences. But when I expressed to him the reality of your Character and that you had stood in the gap to prevent the rupture to the very last point of defence, and that the only hopes of peace rested upon your prudent and temperate management, the manner of his Communication with me was totally altered to a full and friendly confidence. He allowed me to read to him my letter to you of the 25 of December which Mr. Thornton brought over to you. He gave me full assurances that I should not be interrupted in any Correspondence with you. He told me that I could not serve my country more essentially than by cultivating every intercourse that might forward peace. He expressed his approbation of my going to Paris to have a conference with you. In short in everything he expressed the sincerest dispositions for peace, and by his Conduct yesterday he has avowed them to the Public. If it be still in your power to arrest the fatal act of separation, I am confident that peace is now practicable. If this be still in your power, I know no Sentiment of the heart that can rival the reward due to yours. That good old man may compose his heart to a blessed rest, who leaves behind him peace to his Country and to Mankind. Yours most affectionately
DH.

PS Might it not be of advantage if Mr. Thornton were to take a trip to England. He knows where to find a bed. It is impossible to communicate at such critical moments so effectually as by personal conferences in confidence. Mr. Thornton will shew you a letter of mine to him and another letter containing the titles of the two bills above mentioned.
To Dr. Franklin


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Dominique Lefebvre Delagrange, 19 February 1778: résumé
From: Delagrange, Dominique Lefebvre
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Brancourt, near St. Quentin, February 19, 1778, in French: An honest family begs your help in its shameful poverty. I must support my wife and five children on an income of 400 l.t., and have only twelve sous a day for food; as for clothes, we are almost naked. My curé will confirm this. The farmers general helped me out six months ago, but I dare not ask them again. You are my only hope for paying the baker, who refuses me bread; we have lived for two days on potatoes and carrots and a bit of salt. My wife and two of the children have been ill for three weeks, and I cannot help them. You will see from the enclosed memorandum that I have been unlucky since early youth, not from fault of mine but because fortune has broken me on its wheel.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Courtney Melmoth, 19 February 1778
From: Melmoth, Courtney
To: Franklin, Benjamin

  Sir,
Hotel D’Orleans. Rue Richlieu Paris Feb: 19th. 1778
I understand the Abbé Condillac, to whom I have a Letter of recommendation, is just come to Town from his attendance on the Duke of Parma. As I recollect that I put the Letter into your Hands it will very much oblige me Sir, if you will please to return it by the bearer. I am going to engage in a Performance which I hope may serve the Cause I profess to venerate; and I shall submit it to your Eye the moment it is fit for so penetrating an observation. I forbear to say anything farther on the other Subject of our Intercourse, convinced that when your Projects, in regard to my Efforts, are mature, you will communicate them. With the respectful Compliments of Mrs. Melmoth, I have the honour to be, Sir, Your most obedient Servant
Courtney Melmoth


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from William Parsons, 19 February 1778
From: Parsons, William
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Dieppe La Poste restant February 19th. 1778.
Not having the honor of knowing or being known to Doctor Franklin, I can be only influenc’d to give him this trouble, by a very sincere and anxious desire to be employ’d in a cause supported and protected by him, and, from his universally allow’d Character, hoping for that encouragement which I shall endeavour, by my services, to merit.
I feel my situation, Sir, rather disagreeable and myself at a loss how to address you, without the sanction of a Recommendation; but the subject will, I conceive, Apologize for the deficiency. I knew not in what manner to obtain one, without running a manifest hazard of unpleasing consequences attending the trial. Thus circumstanc’d, Sir, I hope you will kindly excuse this liberty.
From the time the Iron hand of oppression was first laid upon America, I was actuated by an indignant Zeal against it’s Authors, and an honest wish to lend my poor Assistance, as far as it wou’d go, in endeavoring to stem it’s torrent. I have been with-held from acting as I wish’d, by having an only Brother in the King’s Army. He is a Captain in the 10th and commanding the light-Infantry Company, was unfortunate both at Lexington and Bunker’s-hill. I have at last combated against and conquer’d this only objection, and now ardently desire to be on the other side of the Atlantic. My family and connexions are unexceptionable. I have two Cousins-germain in the Irish house of Commons, Sir William Parsons and Sir Richard St. George, who have been uniformly against the mad arbitrary measures of the present Administration. I was almost Eleven years in the King’s service, near eight of them in the 26th. Regiment. Private family affairs occasion’d my retiring. To a mind endued with true sensibility there is something hurtful and indelicate in attempting to offer one’s own praises. I therefore, Sir, will only say, that I hope I have sufficient knowledge of my profession to be of use, and that knowlege to the utmost of my power I will exert.
Not knowing in what other manner to offer my services to the Independant States of America, I came over here, fearing to attempt an application at the other side the Water. Anxiety for the safe delivery of this has made me prevail upon a Gentleman, with whom I came over from Brighthelmstone, to wait upon you with it himself, which he has kindly promis’d to do. If, Sir, you will be so kind as to encourage a lively and honest zeal for the Service I wish to be employ’d in, by sending me out in whatever manner you think proper, let my future friends and Protectors be, my Services and the care and fidelity with which I will execute any and every trust repos’d in me. I wou’d have done myself the honor, Sir, of waiting on you at Paris, if I imagin’d you thought it requisite, and, if you desire it, I will immediately on the receipt of your’s. As I am doubly solicitous to get over before the Campaign begins, the sooner you indulge me with an Answer, for which I shall be truly anxious the more I shall consider myself as oblig’d. I have the honor to be, with the greatest respect, Sir Your most Obedient and Most humble Servant
Wm. Parsons

As I am a poor Proficient in the French language, I beg your Answer in English, and that you will oblige me, Sir, with your address.

Notation: W. Parsons


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from David Hartley, 20 February 1778
From: Hartley, David
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
London feb 20 1778
One word by this mail. With respect to Ld. Ns. plan of peace much of course will be debated of the sincerity or insincerity, whether it be practicable or admissible, &c. &c. to all which I say that the great object with me is a cessation of arms. I admire much the spirit of your sentiments to Ld. Howe. Trade and revenue and supremacy &c. are not objects for which men may justly spill each others blood. I think if we can once obtain a cessation of arms, that the two parties will not go to blood again. I have no reason to suspect Ld. N of insincerity. When [a] man uses for argument, that peace is preferable to the indefinite continuation of a bloody and ruinous war, I think he gives in some sort, a pledge of his sincerity; and this is all I can say upon the matter. America in any negotiation will doubtless have a due attention to her own safety, and possibly in the present irritable state of things, this kind of jealousy may proceed too far. I wish to see a treaty begun. It is dimidium facti. There may possibly be many altercations in a popular assembly, and amongst them there may be expressions of resentment to America, and such as might be grating to the ears of an American, but it is a good thing even to be talking about peace. I am very glad of a public profession of desiring peace. It may abate animosities. I am informed thro the means of a gentleman connected with administration that a vessel is dispatched to America to carry the news that a plan of peace is under consideration of Parliament. For my own part I can only as a single man entreat those who have any influence in American counsels, to arrest the conclusion of any fatal treaty with the house of Bourbon. I should think it not prudent to put the principles and plan of a certain motion which you have seen, in the shape of an address to the King, to the direct question in the house ay or no. A direct negative upon such a question appearing in the votes might have an ill effect in America. Wise men will be contented if things are in a good way. If there should be any things in the terms proposed on this side of the water which are not adequate to the expectations of America they will of course give their reasons for the consideration of Parliament. In popular counsels violent and irritating things may be said, which being reported may do much harm. If one member says Delenda est Carthago, that may be imputed to the nation at large, and what is the worst part of the story the recoil of such an imputation may exasperate the nation greatly, and thus mutual suspicions may aggravate animosities. I speak thus anxiously to you knowing the goodness of your disposition to apply the balm of peace to the wounds of civil discord. Yours most affectionately
D H

Notation: D H. 20. Feb. 1778.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Michel Bonniot and Jn. Eymas Labate, 21 February 1778: résumé
From: Bonniot, Michel,Labate, Jn. Eymas
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Bordeaux, February 21, 1778, in French: We have received by the ship Yacht Bordelais the enclosed letter for you. It must be an old one because the ship, dispatched from Cork last August, was stopped at sea by the British and detained for some months in Falmouth. We should be happy to be of any service to you.>


Title: The American Commissioners to [Gérard], 22 February 1778
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Gérard, Conrad-Alexandre

Sir
Passy, Sunday 5. PM. Feb. 22. 1778
The News you have receiv’d from England cannot be true. No Treaty would be entred into with Howe by Washington, when the Congress was at hand: And Howe could have no Propositions to make but such as were authoris’d by the Act of Parliament, and had been long since rejected, (viz.) Pardon upon Submission.
Enclos’d we send you a Letter this moment received from Mr. Hartley a Member of Parliament, which confirms our Opinion that no such Transaction is going on in America; as it announces Propositions made by the Minister Feb. 17. to impower by an Act Commissioners to treat with America. Mr. Franklin will transcribe and send you to-morrow the whole of his Correspondence with that Gentleman. In short we esteem the Story of a Treaty in America, to be merely an Artifice of the Stock Jobbers to keep up the Funds. We have the Honour to be Sir, Your most obedient humble Servant
B FranklinSilas Deane

Endorsed: 1778. Février 22.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Barbeu-Dubourg, 22 February 1778
From: Barbeu-Dubourg, Jacques
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Ce 22 f[évrie]r [1778]
Au lieu du rendez vous que nous nous etions donné pour mardi 24, a une heure chez M. Le Marquis de Mirabeau rue de Seine, je propose a Monsieur franklin de nous trouver le meme jour et a la meme heure chez M. Lee a Chaillot, pour raison que j’aurai l’honneur de lui dire
Dubourg
Addressed: To / Dr. franklin, by favour of / Mr. Courtney Melmoth


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Vicomte de Sarsfield, 22 February 1778: résumé
From: Sarsfield, Jacques-Hyacinthe, vicomte de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Sunday, February 22, [1778], in French: The vicomte de Sarsfield came to ask Mr. Franklin to dine with him, not on Mardi Gras (when he will be in the country) but on the first Sunday in Lent, March 8; he sets such a distant date in hopes that M. Franklin will be free, and apologizes for the change of plan. M. Franklin fils and M. Deane, he hopes, will do him the same honor.>


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Arthur Lee, 23 February 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Lee, Arthur

Sir,
Passy, Feb. 23. 78
The enclos’d which you sent me contain’d a Letter from Mr. Hartley, in which he acquaints me that on the 17th. Lord North had made his Propositions towards a Conciliation with America, and ask’d Leave to bring in two Bills, one to renounce all Claim of Taxation, the other to impower Commissioners to treat with any Persons or Bodies of Men in America on a Peace; which was unanimously agreed to. He tells me Lord N. had express’d to him the strongest Desire of Accomodation, and even wish’d him to come over to Paris and talk with us, &c. I should send you the Letter, which marks strongly the Consternation they are in; but Mr. Gerard having written a Note acquainting Mr. D. that they had News from England that a Treaty was on foot between Washington and Howe, and desiring to know if we had any Intelligence of it, I wrote the enclos’d in Answer, and sent Mr. Hartley’s Letter to him to show that the Ministers in England had no such News. Mr. Hartley refers me to Mr. Thornton for the Titles of the two Bills. I return Mr. Thornton’s Letters. I am, very respectfully, Sir, Your most obedient humble Servant
B Franklin
Honble Arthur Lee Esqr

Endorsed: About a treaty between Washington & Howe


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Gérard, 24 February 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Gérard, Conrad-Alexandre

Sir
Passy, Feb. 24. 1778.
Understanding that Reports have been spread at Versailles, of Treaties on foot in America between the Congress and the English Commissioners; or here between us and the English Ministry; I send you an American Newspaper of Decr. 19. by which you will see, in the Passages marked with a Pen, in what manner such Reports, and those who occasion them, are treated there. I send you also the only Correspondence I have had, which has any Relation to the same Subject here that you may judge of the Credit due to Such Reports. I have the Honour to be, with great Esteem and Respect, Sir Your most obedient humble Servant
B Franklin
Addressed: A Monsr / Monsieur Gerard / Secretaire de la Conseil du Roy, / à Versailles


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from David Hartley, 24 February 1778
From: Hartley, David
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
London, feb 24 1778
Yours of Feb 12 received. I have called at Mr. Hutton’s door, but he was not at home, I shall deliver the letters to morrow. We are to have a very long day in the house today, so that I cannot enter into any matter at present. Suspend for a few hours, or days. Times seem to be mending. Let us take all possible chance of reconciliation. While there is life there is hope. Enclosed you have a petition which was signed by 5,400 hands. You will by this mail receive a draught of a petition of the City of London which is at present intended. It will be received to morrow from the committee appointed to draw it up, and will probably be presented in a few days. At the first meeting which was Yesterday there were 400 present and only two dissenting voices. Yours in haste
DH.

Notation: David Hartley to Benjamin Franklin


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Michael Hillegas, 24 February 1778
From: Hillegas, Michael
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
York Town Feby. 24th. 1778.
The Bearer Baron de Holzendorff not having been happy enough to obtain the Service which he expected and I doubt not Merited is returning to France.
Permit me to Thank you for your favours of the 23d. of January 1777 per Mr. Lutterloh who as I understand is much esteemed, also for yours of the 7th of October last respecting Mr. McCreery and his Loan Office Notes &ca. I intend doing my self the Honor of writing you (as you request) in Answer to your last, which shall send with the Public dispatches which goe next. In the Mean time permit me to assure you That I am with greatest esteem and Regard Dear Sir Your most Obedient as well as most Affectionate Humble Servant
Ml. Hillegas
P.S. I forgot to mention That I’ve not yet had the pleasure of seeing Mr. Lutterloh, he having sent me the Letter. Whenever I shall see him, shall endeavour to shew him all the Civilities in my Power.Doctor Franklin
Addressed: Honourable / Doctor Benja: Franklin / one of the American Ambassadors / at the Court of Versailles / Passy near Paris
Notation: Mc. Hillegas. Yorktwon. 24. fr. 1778.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Marquis Turgot, 24 February 1778
From: Turgot, Etienne-François, marquis de Sousmont
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Ce mardy 24 fever. 1778
M. Turgot fait mille complimens a Monsieur francklin, il espère qu’il voudra bien se souvenir de la parole qu’il luy à donnée de diner chés luy vendredy prochain 27 fevrier, il espère aussy que M. francklin fils voudra bien accompagner Monsieur son pere.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Gérard, 25 February 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Gérard, Conrad-Alexandre

Sir
Passy, Feb. 25. 1778
I received last night the enclos’d Letter from a Member of Parliament, and the two frivolous Bills which the Ministry in their present Consternation have thought fit to propose, with a View to support their publick Credit a little longer at home, and to amuse and divide if possible our People in America. You will see that they have dispatch’d a Fregate with the News, but I hope yours from Bourdeaux will arrive first. I wish to have the original Letters again when you have perus’d them. I have the honour to be, with great Respect, Sir, Your most obedient humble Servant
B Franklin
M. Gerard.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Gérard, 25 February 1778
From: Gérard, Conrad-Alexandre
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur,
A Versailles le 25. fevr. 1778
J’ai l’honneur de vous renvoyer les pieces que vous avez eu la bonté de me communiquer et je vous prie d’en recevoir mes Remercimens.
Le jugement que vous portez, Monsieur, sur le pretendu coup d’Etat que le Lord North a si pompeusement annoncé, paroit confirmé par l’opinion publique qui prevaut même en Angleterre, où les fonds sont tombés depuis cette Epoque. Je suis avec la consideration la plus respectueuse Monsieur, Votre très humble et très Obeissant serviteur (signé)
Gerard.
M. Franklin.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from William Lee, 25 February 1778
From: Lee, William
To: Franklin, Benjamin

The trunk that is the subject of this letter was coming to resemble Pandora’s box. Thomas Morris had jumbled his papers as he had jumbled his two roles, as agent for the secret committee and for Willing & Morris. The commissioners were interested only in his public papers, but the official order that Lee took to Nantes was for the whole lot. The original arrangement, therefore, was that he should sort them and deliver the private papers to John Ross. The arrangement broke down, because Ross and Lee promptly locked horns. Lee opened the trunk and examined its contents, and then in the presence of witnesses and a local official had it locked and sealed and brought to Paris. The furor that it aroused may seem excessive. But no one knew its contents until Lee opened it, and then only he knew. This is precisely what Ross had been trying to prevent. He thoroughly distrusted the man, and feared what gossip he might spread, particularly against Deane. Others shared his apprehension, as will be seen; now that Pandora’s box was sealed, it remained so.

Chaillot Feb. 25. 1778.
Mr. Lee presents his respectful Compliments to Doctor Franklin and begs leave to inform him that in consequence of his appointment yesterday to come here this day at 11 oClock to examine the public papers that were to be taken out of the trunk bro’t from Nantes containing the papers of the late Mr. Thos. Morris, he got the favour of Mr. Izard to attend, as he knows the Seal and handwriting of the Gentlemen in whose presence the Trunk was seald at Nantes. However as something has prevented Dr. Franklin from attending this day and Mr. L. is very desirous of getting away to Germany as soon as possible, he begs Dr. F. will be so good as to attend tomorrow at 11 oClock precisely or mention any other day and hour that will be more agreeable to him to finish that business. Mr. L. wish’s for an answer per the Bearer, as he has also wrote to Mr. Deane on the subject and hopes he will attend whenever ’tis agreeable to Dr. F.

Addressed: The Honourable / Benjamin Franklin Esqr. / Passy
Notation: W. Lee to BF. Chaillot 25 Feb. 1778


Title: Arthur Lee to Franklin and Silas Deane, 26 February 1778
From: Lee, Arthur
To: Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas

Gentlemen
Challiot, Feby. 26th 1778
The return of our Dispatches by Mr. Simeon Deane, appears to me to be an event from which great public consequences may flow. I therefore feel it the more extraordinary, that you shoud have taken any steps in it without any consultation with me. And this more especially after I have so lately remonstrated against a similar conduct. I was silent upon it today when Dr. Franklin mentiond that Mr. Deane was gone upon this business to Versailles without my knowlege, not because I did not feel the impropriety of it, but because I do and have always wishd to avoid the indecency of personal altercation.
In my judgment the failure of our dispatches is an event which will warrant our desire to be immediately acknowlegd by this Court, and that such acknowlegment will have a powerful effect in preventing the success of the overtures from England. The strong impression of the unfavorable disposition of this Court towards us, which former proceedings made on every mind, will reach America by a thousand Channels. Our contradiction of it being unfortunately frustrated may possibly commit our Countrymen into measures which a knowlege of the true state of things woud have prevented. A public acknowlegement of us woud reach America by numberless ways; and give them a decided proof of the sincerity and determination of France. Our Dispatches are a private and single channel and may fail or arrive too late. With respect to us the covert proceeding of France leaves them too much at Liberty to renounce us, on any unfavorable event; and is a situation in which, I think it is neither for our honor nor safety to remain.
These are sentiments, which I submit to your better judgment; and beg we may have a consultation on the subject as soon as possible. I have the honor to be with great respect Gentlemen your most Obedient Servant
Arthur Lee
The Honble. B. Franklin & Silas Deane

Notation: Arthur Lee to BF. & SD Feb. 26. 1778.


Title: Franklin and Silas Deane to Arthur Lee, 26 February 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas
To: Lee, Arthur

Sir,
Passy 26. Feb. 1778
The greater the public Consequences that may flow from the Return of our Dispatches, the more necessary it seem’d that the Court should be immediately acquainted with it that the miscarriage might as soon as possible be repair’d. It was near nine at Night when the News arriv’d; and Mr. Deane set out immediately. If we could have imagin’d it necessary to have a Consultation with you on so plain a Case, it would necessarily have occasion’d a Delay of that important Business till the next Day. He has been at Versailles and obtain’d an Order for another and larger Frigate, and an Express to be immediately sent off carrying that Order, that she may be ready: We think Mr. Deane deserves your Thanks, and that neither of us deserve your Censure. We are at present both engag’d in copying the Treaties, which will employ us closely till Sunday. After they are gone we shall be ready to enter into the Consultation you propose relating to our being publicly acknowledg’d here. We have the honour to be, with great Respect Sir, Your most obedient humble Servants

Notation: BF & SD. to Arthur Lee 26. Feb. 1778.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to David Hartley, 26 February 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Hartley, David

Dear Sir,
Passy, Feb. 26. 1778
I receiv’d yours of the 18th and 20th. of this Month, with Lord North’s proposed Bills. The more I see of the Ideas and Projects of your Ministry, and their little Arts and Schemes of amusing and dividing us, the more I admire the prudent, manly and magnanimous Propositions contained in your intended Motion for an Address to the King. What Reliance can we have on an Act expressing itself to be only a Declaration of the Intention of Parliament concerning the Exercise of THE RIGHT of imposing Taxes in America; when in the Bill itself, as well as in the Title, a Right is suppos’d and claimed which never existed; and a present Intention only is declar’d not to use it, which may be changed by another Act next Sessions, with a Preamble that this Intention being found inexpedient, it is thought proper to repeal this Act, and resume the Exercise of THE RIGHT in its full Extent? If any solid permanent Benefit was intended by this, why is it confin’d to the Colonies of North America, and not extended to the loyal Ones in the Sugar Islands? But it is now needless to criticise, as all Acts that suppose your future Government of the Colonies can be no longer significant.
In the Act for appointing Commissioners, instead of full Powers to agree upon Terms of Peace and Friendship, with a Promise of ratifying such Treaty as they shall make in pursuance of those Powers; it is declared that their Agreements shall have no force nor Effect, nor be carried into Execution till approved by Parliament; so that everything of Importance will be uncertain. But they are allow’d to proclaim a Cessation of Arms; and revoke their Proclamation as soon as in confidence of it our Militia have been allow’d to go home: They may suspend the Operation of Acts prohibiting Trade; and take off that Suspension when our Merchants in consequence of it have been induc’d to send their Ships to Sea: in short they may do everything that can have a Tendency to divide and distract us, but nothing that can afford us Security. Indeed, Sir, your Ministers do not yet know us. We may not be quite so cunning as they; but we have really more Sense as well as more Courage than they have ever been willing to give us Credit for: And I am persuaded that those Acts will rather obstruct Peace than promote it; and that they will not in America answer the mischievous and malevolent Ends for which they were intended. In England they may indeed amuse the Public Creditors, give Hopes and Expectations that shall be of some present Use, and continue the Mismanagers a little longer in their Places. Voila tout!
In return for your repeated Advice to us, not to conclude any Treaty with the House of Bourbon, permit me to give (through you) a little Advice to the Whigs in England. Let nothing induce them to join with the Tories in supporting and continuing this wicked War against the Whigs of America; whose Assistance they may hereafter want to secure their own Liberties; or whose Country they may be glad to retire to for the Enjoyment of them.
If Peace by a Treaty with America upon equal Terms were really desired, your Commissioners need not go there for it; supposing that as they are impower’d by the Bill, “to treat with such Person or Persons as in their Wisdom and Discretion they shall think meet,” they should happen to conceive the Commissioners at Paris might be included in that Description. I am ever, Dear Sir, Your most obedient humble Servant
B Franklin
D. Hartley, Esqr


Title: ——— Boux to the American Commissioners, 26 February 1778
From: Boux, ——
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Messieurs
A Nantes le 26 feverier 1778.
Vous avez appris par mon oncle les raisons qui me font rester a terre et l’imposibilité qu’il y à que je puisse partir sur le lion comme vous me l’avez ordonné par votre derniere. Vous avez aussi sçu les petites mortifications que j’ai eu avec le Capitaine Nikleson. Je ne vous cacherai pas que je suis aise qu’il ne se soit pas trouvé de place pour m’y loger, car pendant la traversée nous aurions eu peut être quelques chismes, et il auroit été assé douloureux pour moi de commencer ma Cariere dans le nouveaux service ou j’ai l’honneur d’entrer par quelques pourparlè, et peut étre une affaire.
Mr. Williams à eu pour moi toutes sortes d’honnetetes, et c’est donné tous les mouvements paussible pour me procurer mon passage sur deux vaisseaux qui sont prets à partir mais l’armateur ne veut pas prendre de pasagers. Cette involonté de la part de ce Monsieur m’obligera de rester quelques tems à terre, mais je ferai tout ce que je pourrai de mon coté pour me procurer un passage et de profiter de la premiere ocation qui se présentera pour courir à mon devoir. Vous trouverai sy inclus une lettre de Mr. Williams qui vous ecrit à mon sujet.
Les préparatif que j’ai éte obligé de faire pour mon embarquement n’ont pas lessé que de me démunir du peu de fonds que j’avois, et m’en trouvant à court, je m’adresse à vous Messieurs pour vous prier de donner vos ordres, pour que je puisse toucher les apointements qui me sont dus et la pention que j’ai payé dépuis que je suis isy de même que celle que je serai obligé de déboursé dans mon séjour à Nantes. Ce sont les promesses que vous avez donné à mon oncle. J’attend avec une entiere satisfaction l’honneur de votre réponse. Je suis avec un profond respect, Monsieur, Votre tres heumble et tres obeissant serviteur
Boux; NEVEU

Notation: Boux, Nantes 26 fev. 78


Title: John Ross to the American Commissioners, 26 February 1778
From: Ross, John
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Nantes 26th. February 1778
The Ship three friends ownd by Mr. Williams & Co. being detained still here owing principally to the want of hands, will am in hopes from the assurances of the Capt. and owners depart tomorrow . . . I have since advisd them (the Committee of Congress) of the change of property in the Ship La Brune in Consequence of your accepting of the Ship on public Account, agreeable to the proposal made by me for the sole purpose of guarding against every insinuation of being too much attachd to my interest in settling a freight unfavourable to the public. I have accordingly filled up Capt. Greens commission, giving the name of the Queen of france to the Ship, and charging the Cost of this Vessel to account of the american United States with me. La Brune is a cheap ship. If she shoud not be deemd such by the navy Board, I shall gladly assume the Ship as my property, charging the public with the freight of the Goods.

Notation: N.B. If the Ship was lost, she would be chargd to the public; if not, Mr. Ross woud either sell her or receive the freight. In this manner the public was always sacrificed.


Title: Jonathan Williams, Jr., to the American Commissioners, 26 February 1778
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Honorable Gentlemen.
Nantes Feb. 26. 1778.
All the Vessells have now I imagine joined the Fleet. The wind therefore will only prevent its immediate Departure which I expect every Day to hear of.

I cannot find another Vessell on any terms here. I would give as high as 150 Livres, but none are to be had. I have to day heard of a Ship which is at L’orient. I have written about her. If I can get her on Freight I shall do it, but I shall not purchase without your orders. I therefore request you to say by return of Post whether you will allow me to purchase, if not otherwise to be obtained. I have remaining 3000 Suits of Cloaths all the Hose and about 400 Cases of Arms from the magazine.
Time does not allow me to write so full as I wish must therefore refer you to a future post for any particulars I may have ommitted. I have the honour to be very respectfully Honorable Gentlemen Your most obedient and most humble Servant
J Williams
The Hon Commrs of the United States

Addressed: The Honble. The / Commissioners of the / United States.
Notations in different hands: Feby 26th. Goods Remaing. J. Williams / J. Williams to Honble. U.S. Comrs. (26 Feby. (1778)


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Duchesse de Melfort, 26 February 1778
From: Melfort, Marie de Berenger, duchesse douairière de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

A Paris ce 26 fevrier 1778
Des pretentions fondées, Monsieur, que le Duc de Melfort, mon fils Colonel en second du Régiment de beauvoisis, a sur des habitations sises en amerique, tant dans la nouvelle jersay, que dans la nouvelle yorck, m’engagent à vous prier de vouloir bien me donner une heure qui vous soit comode, pour vous prier Monsieur, ou de me donner quelques renseignemens sur un objet aussi essentiel pour mes enfans, ou de m’indiquer les moyens propres à me donner quelques lumieres à cet Egard.
Tout ce que je scai, c’est que le lord Drummond de Perth, qui habite en angleterre, a voulu fair un accomodement, pour que la branche des Drummond de Melfort, lui cedat ses droits, mais quoique trés peu instruite à ce sujet, comme je me suis rapellé que le comte et depuis Duc de Melfort, arriere grand pere de mon fils, lors de sa sortie d’angleterre avec Jacques Second, avoit plaçé beaucoup de fonds dans ces deux provinces de l’amerique, je n’ai pas crû devoir entendre à ses propositions.
J’ai d’autant lieu de m’en feliciter, que le lord henry mon second fils, enseigne des vaisseaux du Roi, vient de me mander qu’il a vû à Brest des americains qui lui ont dit que sa Maison avoit des droits incontestables sur ces possessions, et comme les honnetes gens pensent partout de meme, la probité, la lauyauté et l’honneur etant le propre de vos concitoyens, j’ai lieu de prèsumer Monsieur, qu’aidée de vos conseils, et de votre appuy, les habitans de ces contrèes me rendront, ou me feront rendre, la justice qui m’appartient, lorsque je leurs aurai administré la preuve de la légitimité de mes pretentions. J’ai l’honneur d’être avec la plus haute consideration, Monsieur votre très humble et très obéissante servante
La Duchesse DE Melfort

Ces [C’est] Mr. Carmichael et Mr. Williams qui en ont parlé a mon fils a brest. Il y a 6 ans qu’un notaire anglois m’a offert une somme considerable sy je vouloit luy remettre nos papiers. Comme je me suis trouvée dans un abime d’affaire et chargée a la mort du Duc de Melfort de six enfans je n’ay peut faire encore aucun eclaircissement ladessus. Il y a deux ans que mon cousin Lord Drummond de perth m’a fait de proposition que je n’ay peut achetter attendu qu’il n’y a aucun droit comme je suis en ettat de le prouver et que les americains luy on dit ausy que ce biens ne regardoit que la maison de Melfort en france. Je vous supplie Monsieur de me donner un moment d’audience.
La DUCHESSE DE Melfort

Endorsed: Duchesse de Melfort
Notation: Feb. 26 1778


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to [Samuel Cooper], 27 February 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Cooper, Samuel

My dear Friend,
Passy near Paris, Feby. 27, 1778
At length our Treaties of Commerce and Alliance with France are Compleated, and signed. They go over to Congress by this Conveyance. Their great Principle declared in the Preamble, is perfect Equality and Reciprocity of Conditions, the advantages mutual, Commerce free &c. France guarantees the Independance, Sovereignty, and Liberty, with all the possessions of the United States; and they guarantee to the most Christian King his possessions in the West Indies. No monopoly of our Trade was desired, it is left open to all we chuse to trade with. In short, the King has acted a noble and magnanimous part, as well as a wise one; For it is undoubtedly the interest of France that this Treaty should be durable; which was not so likely if advantage had been taken of our present difficulties to exact hard terms. We are moreover liberally assisted here, and several Ships laden with supplies for our Armies have just sailed under the Convoy of a strong French Squadron; the King being determined to protect the trade of his subjects with us. A war upon this is thought inevitable. The Treaties are not yet publickly known, but their probable Existence soon is talked of, and the English Minister, to defeat if possible this expected Union, and recover the dependence of the Colonies, has brought in two Bills which he calls Conciliating; but which are a composition of artifice and uncertainty. The Right, as they are pleased to call it, of laying taxes on us, is still claimed. The Parliament only declares that in consideration of some inconveniences found in the exercise of it, they intend not to exercise it hereafter, except for regulation of Trade; But the next Parliament may find this declaration inconvenient, and repeal it, and resume the exercise of their Right. Commissioners are appointed to treat with any Body of men in America, on the means of quieting the disorders there; but can do nothing definitive, except granting pardons, declaring and revoking cessations of Arms, declaring a suspension of the restraining act, and revoking that declaration. I hope no American will be mean enough to accept their pardons; and I am sure we shall not be so weak as to disband or disarm in the smallest degree on the faith of their declaring a cessation of Arms. Believe me, the Malice of the British Court is as great against us as ever. But they are at present in a great consternation, unable to go on, ashamed to give up, and fearing a war with France and Spain which they see must ruin them. If they can divide and weaken us, or deceive us into submission, they will punish us at their leisure. The Maxim is, that a Sovereign, to appease a revolt, may make promises, it being for the good of the State that the Revolters should be brought back to their obedience; but as the same good of the State requires that they should be kept in obedience, and deterred from further revolts, it is the duty of the Sovereign to break these promises, and punish severely the Revolters.
It is impossible to give you a conception of the Universal good will to us and our Cause throughout Europe: All Nations wish the humiliation of England, and are ready to concur in it, as soon as they dare. By returning under their government, we should have them and all Europe against us; we are now with all Europe against them: There is no hesitating a moment which to chuse of these two situations. I have written largely to you before in answer to your excellent letter of October 25. (which by the way I communicated to the Ministers here, and I am sure it had a good Effect). I will now only repeat that I approve exceedingly of your calling in your Bills by taxes as fast as possible.
The Universal cordiality and hospitality with which Americans are received here is extremely pleasing. I hope the French meet with the same in America. Every means should be used to cultivate this new friendship, and wear off antient prejudices. I find our common people and Sailors are mighty ready to resume them here on any apparent restraints or hardships under this government. The late political confiscation of two prizes here, and restoring them to the English, made a great noise among them: But at the same time we were privately receiving aids; and shall obtain full satisfaction to the privateers and their Owners.
The Treaties you will see published soon; and I flatter myself they will give universal satisfaction. France has this year renewed the fifty years alliance with the Thirteen United States of Switzerland. An Alliance which she has kept faithfully for 200 years; a good Omen for us. It is understood that Spain is soon to acceed to our Alliance with France. These Events as soon as known must give us an appearance of stability, which will contribute much to supporting, and extending our credit here in Europe while that of Britain is sinking. Adieu my dear Friend
B Franklin


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Thomas Cushing, Sr., 27 February 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Cushing, Thomas Sr.

Sir,
Passy, near Paris, Feb. 27. 1778
I received your Favour by Mr. Austin, with your most agreable Congratulations on the Success of the American Arms in the Northern Department. In return give me leave to congratulate you on the Success of our Negociations here, in the Completion of two Treaties with his most Christian Majesty, the one of Amity and Commerce, on the Plan of that projected in Congress with some good Additions; the other of Alliance, for mutual Defence, in which the most Christian King agrees to make common Cause with the United States, if England attempts to obstruct the Commerce of his Subjects with them; and guarantees to the United States their Liberty, Sovereignty and Independence, absolute and unlimited, with all the Possessions they now have or may have at the Conclusion of the War; and the States in return guarantee to him his Possessions in the West Indies. The great Principle in both Treaties is a perfect Equality and Reciprocity, no Advantages being demanded by France, or Privileges in Commerce which the States may not grant to any or every other Nation. In short the King has treated with us generously and magnanimously, taking no Advantage of our present Difficulties, to exact Terms which we should not willingly grant when establish’d in Prosperity and Power. I may add that he has acted wisely, as wishing the Friendship contracted by these Treaties may be durable, which probably it might not be, if a contrary Conduct had been observed. Several of our American Ships with Stores for the Congress are now about Sailing under the Protection of a French Squadron. England is in great Consternation, and the Minister, on the 17th Inst. confessing in a long Speech that all his Measures had been wrong and that Peace was necessary, propos’d two Bills for quieting America; but they are full of Artifice and Deceit, and will I am confident be treated accordingly by our Country. I think you must have much Satisfaction in so valuable a Son, whom I wish safe back to you and am, with much Esteem, Sir, Your most obedient humble Servant
B Franklin
Honble Thos Cushing Esq

PS. The Treaties were signed by the Plenipotentiaries on both sides, Feb. 6. but are still for some reasons kept a Secret, tho’ soon to be publish’d. It is understood that Spain is soon to accede to the same. The Treaties go over to Congress by this Conveyance.

Addressed: Honourable Thomas Cushing Esqr / Boston / B Free Franklin
Endorsed: Benja Franklin Esqr Passy near Paris Feby 27. 1778.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to William and Arthur Lee, 27 February 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Lee, William,Lee, Arthur

Passy, Feb. 27. 78.
Mr. Franklin presents his Compliments to Messrs. W. and A. Lee, and has the honour to acquaint them, that Mr. Deane is return’d from Versailles, where the Ministers have agreed to dispatch another and stronger Fregate from Brest, to carry the Dispatches of the Commissioners: They have accordingly sent an Express thither, to day with Orders to have her got ready; and they propose that our Dispatches be ready to go from hence on Sunday. We are accordingly busy in copying what were last sent.

Addressed: Honourable W. & A. Lee Esqrs / at Chaillot
Notations in different hands: Feby 27. 1778 / Franklin 1778


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Frantz Nicolaus Gustav Becker, 27 February 1778: résumé
From: Becker, Frantz Nicolaus Gustav
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Bayonne, February 27, 1778: A young man pours out his heart, on a matter affecting his whole life, in order to ask your advice. I am a native of Lübeck, from a family esteemed in Germany for its services to the church and the law. As the youngest of five brothers I have been trained in commerce: eleven years’ experience in Germany and almost three in France, a knowledge of English, French, Dutch, German, and Spanish. Since the beginning of this war I have wanted a part in it, to share the colonists’ danger and enjoy their liberty, but have hitherto had to care for my old mother. Now that she and my father are dead, I shall be free within a year of all commitment to Europe. But I do not want to cut my ties here without knowing what difficulties I may meet in a strange land.
Can I be assured of establishing a trade profitable to my new countrymen and myself? The contacts I have and could readily make in Germany, especially on the Baltic, should help to expand the commerce of America. Lübeck furnishes its products to Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and part of Muscovy, and in peacetime would be an ice-free port for your vessels; Hamburg exports the manufactures of Silesia and upper Saxony. I am well known in both cities and could further a trade with them if I were in an American commercial center— Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Virginia, Maryland? I do not know, and should be grateful if you would tell me. I will come to Paris to see you before I embark, which unfortunately cannot be until March of next year, and shall hope for your protection and for recommendations to your countrymen.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Courtney Melmoth, 27 [February?] 1778
From: Melmoth, Courtney
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir,
Hotel d’Orleans 27: [February] 1778
The Person who offers to go to America on the Saltpetre and Powder Scheme is anxious to pay his Respects for the favor of a Conversation on Sunday Morning. There is also another Person just arrived from his Captivity in London for trading in the American Service, who has just lost a large cargo of Tobacco but is still warm and wealthy enough to venture out again. He wishes for the Honour of paying his Compliments, especially as he is chargd with some Intelligence from certain Americans in England. I will bring him over at the same time, on Sunday Morning, believing that you will readily gratify the Curiosity of every Man who is truly assiduous to assist the Cause of your amiable Country in whatever Capacity. I beg the favor of a Line and am Sir Your most obedient Servant.
C. Melmoth.

With regard to my own subject, I am promis’d the honour of an Interview with Mr. Dean, to whom I perceive you have been so good to refer me: Believe me, Sir, I am every day cultivating Connexions that, at least, add something to our force. This I shall have the pleasure to make apparent.

Addressed: A / Monsieur / Monsieur / Franklin / a Passi


Title: The American Commissioners to the Committee for Foreign Affairs, 28 February 1778
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Committee for Foreign Affairs

Gentlemen,
Passy, near Paris Feb. 28. 1778.
Our Dispatches of Decr. 18. which would have acquainted you with the State of our Affairs here, and our Expectations of a speedy Conclusion of the Treaties with this Court, are unfortunately returned; the French Man of War which went on purpose to carry them, having met with some Disasters at Sea, which obliged her to put back after a long Struggle of six Weeks against contrary Winds. We now have obtained another Ship to sail with them immediately, and with our fresh Dispatches containing the Treaties themselves which were happily concluded and signed the sixth instant. Tho’ hither to for some political Reasons kept a Secret from the Publick.
The English Parliament adjourn’d in December for six Weeks. During that time their Ministers strain’d every Nerve to raise Men for their Armies, intending to continue the War with Vigour. Subscriptions were set on foot to aid Government in the Expence, and they flattered themselves with being able to enlist 10,000 Volunteers. But whether they found this impracticable, or were discouraged by later Accounts from America, or had some Intimations of our Treaties here, their Vaunts and Threats are suddenly abated; and on the 17th. Lord North made a long Discourse, acknowledging the Errors of their former Conduct in the War with America, and proposing to obtain Peace by the means of two Bills, of which we enclose Copies.
We make no Remarks on these Bills. The Judgment of the Congress can be at no loss in determining on the Conduct necessary to be held with regard to them. And we are confident they will not answer the purpose of dividing in order to subjugate, for which they are evidently intended.
Our States have now a solid Support for their Liberty and Independence in their Alliance with France, which will be certainly followed by that of Spain and the whole house of Bourbon, and probably by Holland and the other Powers of Europe who are interested in the Freedom of Commerce and in keeping down the Power of Britain. Our People are happy in the Enjoyment of their new Constitutions of Government; Will be so in their extended Trade and Navigation, unfettered by English Acts and Customhouse Officers. They will now never relish the Egyptian Bondage from which they have so happily escaped. A long Peace will probably be the Consequence of their Separation from England, as they have no Cause of Quarrel with other Nations; an immediate War with France and Spain, if they join again with England; and a Share in all her future Wars, her Debts and her Crimes. We are therefore persuaded that their Commissioners will be soon dismissed if at all received: for the sooner the decided Part taken by the Congress is known in Europe, the more extended and stable will be their Credit; and their Conventions with other Powers more easy to make, and more advantageous.
Americans are every where in France treated with Respect and every Appearance of Affection. We think it would be well to advise our People in all Parts of America to imitate this Conduct with Regard to the French who may happen to be among us. Every means should be used to remove ancient Prejudices, and cultivate a Friendship that must be so useful to both Nations.
Some Transactions here during the last 4 or 5 Months, in the rigorous Observance of Treaties with regard to the Equipments of our arm’d Vessels in the Ports, and the selling of our Prizes, have no doubt made ill Impressions on the Minds of our Seamen and Traders, relative to the Friendship of this Court. We were then obliged to observe a Secrecy which prevented our removing those Prejudices, by acquainting our People with the Substantial Aids France was privately affording us; and we must continue in the same Situation till it is thought fit to publish the Treaties. But we can with Pleasure now acquaint you, that we have obtained full Satisfaction for the Owners of the Prizes confiscated here for a Breach of the Laws by a false Declaration, (they being entred as coming from ’Statia) and the Payment will be made to the Owners in America. We mean the Prizes taken by Capts. Babson and Hendricks in the Boston and Hancock Privateers, which Prizes after Confiscation were for Reasons of State restored to the English. This is fresh Proof of the good Will and Generosity of this Court, and their Determination to cultivate the Friendship of America.
The Preparations for War continue in the Ports with the utmost Industry: and Troops are marching daily to the Sea Coasts where three Camps are to be formed. As France is determined to protect her Commerce with us, a War is deemed inevitable.
Mr. William Lee we suppose acquaints you with the Decease of Mr: Morris his Colleague in the commercial Agency. On our Application to the Ministry, an Order was obtained to put Mr: Lee in possession of his Papers. If that Department has been found useful and likely to continue so, you will no doubt appoint one or more Persons to take care of the Business, as Mr. Lee has now another Destination. Perhaps the general Commerce likely to be soon opened between Europe and America, may render such an Appointment unnecessary.
We would just add for the Consideration of Congress, whether considering the mention of Bermudas in one of the Articles, it may not be well to take Possession, with the Consent of the Inhabitants of that Island, and fortify the same as soon as possible. And also to reduce some or all of the English Fishing Ports in or near Newfoundland. We have the honour to be, with great Respect, Gentlemen, Your most obedient humble Servants
B FranklinSilas DeaneArthur Lee
Honle: the Comtee: for foreign Affairs.

Notation: Commissioners[?] to the Comtee. Feb. 28. 1778 recd. May 2d. By Mr. Sim: Deane


Title: Arthur Lee to Franklin and Silas Deane, 28 February 1778
From: Lee, Arthur
To: Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas

Gentlemen
Challiot Feby. 28th 1778
I must submit my opinion to your judgment as to the propriety of postponing the proposition I mentiond. I am so convincd of the necessity and of its being our indispensible duty to send the Treaties in french, which is stipulated to be the text, that I will employ every moment of my time in copying one or both of them, if they are sent me. I shoud think I coud have them ready so as not to delay the other Dispatches. The last Letters from Nantes mention the seizure of one of Mr. Ross’s Ships, and that the delays of others keep the Convoy waiting so that it is much to be fear’d it will be countermanded or rendered useless, unless express orders are given for the immediate sailing of such as are ready. I have the honor to be with great respect Gentlemen Your most Obedient Servant
Arthur Lee

Addressed: The Honble / B. Franklin & S. Deane Esqr. / Passi
Notation: A Lee to Mess F & Deane Feb 28. 1778.


Title: Franklin and Silas Deane to Arthur Lee, 28 February 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas
To: Lee, Arthur

Sir,
Passy Feb. 28. 1778.
The treaties are copying both in French and English, will be done to Day and ready to be examined by you tomorrow Morning. We do not desire to postpone any Proposition you make, otherwise than from the Impossibility of doing two things at once.
We suppose the Convoy is already sailed with the Ships that were ready. We have the honour to be with great Respect Sir, Your most obedient humble Servants
B FranklinSilas Deane
Honble. Arthur Lee Esqr.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Catharine Greene, 28 February 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Greene, Catharine

My dear old Friend,
Paris, Feb. 28. 1778.
Don’t be offended at the Word old; I don’t mean to call you an old Woman; it relates only to the age of our Friendship; which on my part has always been a sincerely affectionate one, and I flatter myself the same on yours.
I receivd your kind Letter from Boston of Oct. 28. which gave me great Pleasure, as it inform’d me of the Welfare of you and your Family. I continue hearty, as do my two Grandsons, who present their Respects to you and Mr. Greene, being pleas’d with your Remembrance of them. We are all glad to hear of Ray, for we all love him. I have been often much concern’d for my Friends at Warwick, hearing that the Enemy was so near them. I hope your Troubles will not be of much longer Duration; For tho’ the Wickedness of the English Court, and its Malice against us is as great as ever, its Horns are shortned; its Strength diminishes daily; and we have form’d an Alliance here, and shall form others, that will help to keep the Bull quiet, and make him orderly. I chat, you see, as usual, anyhow, with you, who are kind enough never to criticize Improprieties in my Comparisons or anything else. I see by yours that my Sister’s Grandaughter is married. I wish the young Folks Joy and Lasting Happiness. I pity my poor old Sister, to be so harass’d and driven about by the Enemy. For I feel a little myself the Inconvenience of being driven about by my Friends. I live here in great Respect, and dine every day with great Folks; but I still long for home and for Repose; and should be happy to eat Indian Pudding in your Company and under your hospitable Roof. Remember me kindly to the Remainder of the Wards, and to all that wish me well. Assure Mr. Greene of my sincere Esteem and Respect, and believe me ever, My dear Friend, Yours most affectionately
B Franklin
My Respects to Dr Babcock & Family, when you see any of them.Mrs Cath. Ray

Addressed: To / The honourable Judge G[reene] / Warwick / Rhode [Island] / B Free Franklin


Title: Jonathan Williams, Jr., to the American Commissioners, 28 February 1778
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Honorable Gentlemen
Nantes Feb. 28. 1778.
The Fleet sailed from Quiberon the 25th Instant, but the Winds have since been rather unfavourable. I am extreemly sorry to inform you that the Duchesse of Grammont is according to appearance left behind. This Ship sailed three Weeks ago to join the Fleet, but being badly stowed was obliged to put back. She has since been at the mouth of the River altering her Stowage, and was there the 25th in the Morning; therefore unless she joined the Fleet when under Sail she must yet be at Anchor. M. Peltier has sent an Express down the River, to ascertain this, which is not yet returned, giving orders at the same time that if not able to join the Fleet to remain till further Order: I beg your answer by return of Post to know whether (should the Ship still remain) she is to go at all hazards or not. For this it will be necessary to agree with M. Montieu that his orders and yours may agree.
I find my Credit with M. Grand is again full. I must therefore beg you to authorise a Continuation of my Bills ’till I can furnish you with all my accounts which I shall now soon do.
The Ranger has cost a great deal of Money. Her accounts will also be soon handed to you but I must beg leave to remind you of the agreement made with the late Mr. Morris by which I was to account with him for all Sales and purchases that I should make in consequence of his authority charging the Commission of 5 per Cent allowed by the Committee of Congress, between him and myself;  I therefore beg to know whether I am to consider the Ranger account as part of his Business or whether I am to consider my Conduct as in consequence of your Power only. I request this Distinction as the Powers you gave me you may remember were disputed and I under[torn] tho’ this has not been done [torn] formed here. The matter has be[torn] According as your orders may be on this Head. I shall render my accounts. I have the honour to be with the greatest Respect Honorable Gentlemen Your most obedient Servant
J Williams J

PS. Capt Johnson of the Lexington is escaped and has drawn on me for £60 Sterling. I have accepted the Bill presuming you will approve of it.
The Honble The Commrs of the United States.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Pierre-Jean-Paul, Chevalier de Berny, [February 1778]
From: Berny, Pierre-Jean-Paul, Chevalier de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur,
[February, 1778]
La protection que vous accordés si généreusement a ceux, qui avec un nom, professent les sciences et les Arts, m’enhardit a prendre la liberté de Vous présenter ce petit Essai sur le Ministére, le fruit de la fréquentation de nombre de Cours ou j’ai résidé depuis la paix d[erniè]re. Connu de Mg. Le Comte De Vergennes, qui daigne m’honorer de sa protection, et en correspondance avec nombre de Princes et Ministres, par rapport à mes ouvrages, Il manquait à mon bonheur votre protection.
Daignés, Monsieur, l’accorder à un ancien militaire, retiré après ses 15. Campagnes et nombre de blessures, qui n’a plus aujourd’hui que ses faibles talens pour se soutenir avec sa famille, ayant en outre êté employé dans toutes les parties Ministériales.
Heureux, Monsieur, si par cet hommage Je puis atirer un de vos regards, et mériter vos bontés, Je suis avec tout le Respect, et l’admiration qu’on doit a vos vertus, Monsieur, Votre très humble et très obeïssant Serviteur
Le CHEVER. De Berny;Capitaine retiré, chever. de st.Michel & du Mérite.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from A.-R.-J. Turgot, [c. February 1778]
From: Turgot, Anne-Robert-Jacques, baron de l’Aulne
To: Franklin, Benjamin

[c. February, 1778]
Note recommandée a Monsieur Franklin par Mr Turgot.
Le Sr. Roulhac fils du Lieutenant General, ou premier officier de la senechaussée de Limoges est passé il y a un an a Boston en qualité de facteur des Srs. Raimbaud et Basmarein Negociants a Bordeaux. Il a parcouru les differens ports de l’Amerique septentrionale pour y former des relations de commerce, et s’est rendu a Charle’s Town ou son projet est de se fixer et d’etablir une maison de commerce.
Mr. Turgot qui aime et estime Mr. Roulhac le pere magistrat très consideré a Limoges prie Monsieur Franklin de vouloir bien ecrire a quelques uns de ses amis soit du congrès, soit des principales personnes de la Caroline pour leur recommander le Sr. Roulhac afin de lui procurer quelque agrément dans le pays ou il compte s’etablir. Le Sr. Roulhac est un jeune homme de 26 ans, qui a reçu une très bonne education et dont le caractere a merité la confiance de ses commettans.
Autre Note.
Le Sr. Menedrieu de Barci qui a servi sous Mr. Turgot dans l’intendance de Limoges en qualité de sous ingenieur des ponts et chaussées, et dont Mr. Turgot a eu la plus grande satisfaction a tous égards, ayant eprouvé quelques desagrémens de la part de l’ingenieur en chef, a pris le parti de s’embarquer pour Boston ou il espere pouvoir employer ses talens soit comme ingenieur soit comme Architecte. Mr. Turgot sera très obligé a Monsieur Franklin de luy procurer aussi quelques recommandations pour ce jeune homme qui dans son etat est un homme d’un vrai merite.

Notation: Note de Mr. Turgot au sujet du Sr. Boulhac


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from J[ohn] C[arroll], 18 January 1778: résumé
From:
To:

My dear and venerable friend
Maryland, Rock Creek near George Town,Jan: 18 1778
Will you allow your fellow traveller to and from Canada to take the opportunity of a vessel sailing from his neighbourhood to renew his assurances of esteem and respects, and to congratulate you on the recovery of your health, which I have the pleasure to hear is now in a good state, after all your labours and fatigues? It is a great pleasure to me to reflect; that whilst you are employed by your country in so honourable and important a station, you are out of the way of suffering many inconvenicies ill suited to your age; and now enjoy a pleasurable communication with men of the first character in every respect, and such as can both give you pleasure, and relish that which you can return. I have seen in a Leyden Gazette some pretty French verses, Le voila ce mortel &c., written under your picture: I see by this, and many other things that you are much in mode at Paris; and as that is said to be every thing there, it is a good prognostick of your political success. To tell you the truth, we begin to be a little out of humour at the delay of the Bourbon Princes in taking some decisive measures: and I am very well convinced that if they procrastinate much longer, every word of a letter in the supplement to the Leyden Gazette of June 14th, 1777, the author of which I could venture to swear to, will certainly come to pass. If the vessel which carries this goes safe to France, she will carry the melancholy news of poor Mr. Pliarnes death. He left this house, where I live with my Brother, the 6th. instant, and went over the next day to Alexandria. He was coming back across Potomack the same evening, when he fell out of the boat, as he was sitting in an unguarded posture, and was most unfortunately drowned. Such is the account given by the Ferrymen: But it is now said that some circumstances raise suspicions to the prejudice of these men, and I hear just now that they are taken up and put in irons. My Brother has been at Alexandria ever since to pursue this matter: notwithstanding all endeavours hitherto used, his body is not yet found. You cannot conceive the universal grief occasioned by this most unfortunate accident. He had endeared himself in a most extraordinary manner to all his acquaintance. Not only his friends, but I fear that the American states will feel his Loss. I hear that his house have sent several valuable cargoes for the use of the army and publick.
Genl. Schuyler’s two eldest daughters have been married for some time; but I have not heard that the wild Miss Peggy has found a match to her liking yet. I mention this, because I am well convinced you cannot but interest yourself in the concerns of that most amiable and hospitable family. We universally think here that the Genl. was cruelly used in being superseded in his command to the Northward. The assigned cause was no more than a pretext: the real one was that he was not the favourite of a great part of the forces which were to compose that army. But I suppose you have better and more authentick accounts of all these matters. Our fellow traveller my Cousin is now at Congress: I have not seen Chace since we parted in Canada.
As I make no doubt but every man of letters in Paris is desirous of being introduced to you, perhaps you may have seen a very amiable and modest man L’abbé Brotier, an Ex-Jesuite, editor of a fine edition of Tacitus and author of some other performances, which recommended him much to the litterary world. When I was at Paris, he was proposing to publish from an original copy the correspondance of the Marquis of Torcy. If you either have, or should get acquainted with this valuable man, shall I beg of you the favour to assure him of my remembrance and affection? I have likewise to request of you to take care of and forward by the opportunities, which you will know of, any letters which may be recommended to you by some friends in Flanders, whom I have taken the liberty to direct to send them by that way. You are undoubtedly happy in the Society of many agreeable persons and in the enjoyments furnished by a fine civilized country: but I still flatter myself that you will once again revisit this Western world. If you do, there will then be here a new order of things, a new combination of ideas and pursuits; indeed it will be truly the new world. You will be received with transport, and I hope I shall be one of the many to welcome your return. In the mean time I remain, My Dear Sir, Your truly affectionate respectful friend
J. C.


Title: Editorial Note on Franklin’s Accounts, 1778
From:
To:

Two accounts that begin in the period of this volume do not throw much light on it. They are:
XVI. Cash Book, June 13, 1778, to October 19, 1780: American Philosophical Society, 42 pp.
Franklin bought this book in England, for it contains some entries for the early months of 1772; it also has two notes by him, one undated on gifts of soap and the other on books lent in November, 1778. The accounts for 1778–80 are for household and personal expenses and for cash on hand and received. One of the few items of interest is also cryptic: an entry of 24 livres given on June 23 “to a Stranger, a Man of Letters, who ask’d Assistance.”
XVII. Franklin’s Private Accounts with Ferdinand Grand, June 30, 1778, to April 8, 1789: American Philosophical Society, 40 pp.
These are in French, in the hand presumably of one of Grand’s clerks, and detail Franklin’s personal expenditures and payments to the banker, with periodic balances and with Franklin’s notations and endorsements. The accounts are of little value for 1778, but become useful in and after 1779.
The commission’s accounts with Grand from March to August, 1778, it should be mentioned, are now in print.


Title: Franklin and Silas Deane to Arthur Lee, 1 March 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas
To: Lee, Arthur

Passy March 1st. 1778
Messrs. Franklin and Deane present their Compliments to Mr. Arthur Lee, it not being likely that the Dispatches can be ready at 12. O Clock beg Mr. Lee, would change the time of his coming to half past 5. at which time there is no doubt but that every thing will be ready.

Mr. Franklin juniors respectful Compliments to Mr. A. Lee and reminds him of his Engagement to dine with Mrs. Chalut tomorrow.