Title: From George Washington to Major General Stirling, 3 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)

          My Lord
          Head Quarters West Point Aug. 3d 1779

        I have received your favour of the 2d and shall be obliged to you to continue your examination of the roads ’till you have them all well ascertained—Though I can hardly flatter myself with such an event, it appears to me not impossible there may be a French fleet near the Coast; and I have other intelligence of some alarm among the enemy on this subject. If it is so; it will be a most important circumstance—The fleet seen off the coast from Monmouth, if there really has been one seen, may either be this or a British fleet, which there is great reason to believe sailed from Torbay towards the latter end of May—reported to have 7000 troops on Board—It will be of great importance to have the earliest advice of the arrival of either.
        It will be happy if your Southern account proves true; but I am afraid to credit it—The step you are taking with respect to forage is a necessary and prudent one—I could wish it may be as extensive as it can be made with safety, and without stripping the inhabitants too

bare. An account should be kept of the quantity taken from each that a reasonable compensation may be made.
        I have been informed of the large magazines at Pompton and Slotes and am assured that measures are taking to remove them; particularly from the former place which is certainly an improper deposit for any large stock—I am with great regard Yr Lordships Most Obed. ser.

          G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Goose Van Schaick, 3 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Van Schaick, Goose

          Sir,
          Head Quarters West Point Aug. 3d 1779

        I am favoured with your letter of the 29th of July, transmitting the disagreeable acct of the capture of Lt Scudder and his party—This shews the necessity of redoubled vigilance where we have ⟨to⟩ do

with an enemy so rapid and desultory in their movements—The intelligence contained in Col. Van Dykes letter is so dissimilar to the general current of our intelligence from Canada, that I cannot easily credit it; and am inclined to think the present appearances are rather calculated to operate as a diversion to General Sullivan. We ought not however to despise the information or neglect any precautions to ascertain the reality of the movements, to which it relates, and guard against their success. I would therefore have you to take every measure in your power for these purposes; and if you receive any intelligence that you can depend upon of the approach of any body of the enemy by Oswego, you will be pleased to give General Sullivan the most direct advice of it. But in doing this great circumspection will be necessary, lest a false alarm should have an unfavourable influence upon the expedition.
        You will give me the earliest intelligence of every interesting occurrence which comes to your knowlege.
        In case Fort Schuyler should be threatened with a serious operation, you will as you mention immediately repair to it. I am with esteem Sir Your most Obedt ser.


Title: From George Washington to Henry Van Vleck, 3 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Van Vleck, Henry

          Sir
          West point Augt the 3d 1779

        I received Your Letter of the 26th of July. The Officers you mention do not belong to the Continental Army—and if they have done you wrong, your application for redress must be to their State. I am sir Yr Most Obedt sert

          G. Washington


Title: General Orders, 4 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head-Quarters Moores-House [West Point]Wednesday August 4th 79.
            Parole Gothland—  C. Signs Sweden. Sussex.

          Regulations for the Corps of Sappers & Miners continued.

          14thly
          The Sappers and Miners shall be taught the established manual Exercise and Evolutions on days when they are not employed in the particular duties of their department and the same police and discipline shall be practised in their companies as in the other parts of the army.

          15thly
          The Commandant of the Corps of Engineers shall take the most effectual and expeditious method to have the Sappers and Miners instructed in their duty, and as probably the officers of these companies whose talents and acquirements fit them for the profession, will be appointed Engineers, the Commandant of the Corps of Engineers shall form a plan of instructions for these officers which being approved by the board of War and Commander in Chief shall be carried into execution.

          16thly
          The Commandant of the Corps of Engineers shall appoint an Engineer or Engineers whom he shall judge best qualified, to read lectures on fortification proper for towns or the field; On the manner of adapting fortifications to different grounds and positions; to regulate their extent according to the number of men intended to be covered; Upon Attack and Defence; Upon the use of Mines and their construction; Upon the manner of forming plans, reconnoitering a country & choosing, laying out and fortifying a Camp.

          17thly
          On a march, in the vicinity of an enemy, a detachment of the Companies of Sappers and Miners shall be stationed at the head of the

column, directly after the Van-Guard for the purpose of opening and mending the roads & removing obstructions.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 4 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

          Dear Sir,
          Head Quarters [West Point] Augt 4th 1779

        I received your letter of yesterday about three hours ago—For the reasons you assign, I approve of the alterations you have made in the disposition of the troops which had taken place previous to your arrival.
        I am sorry the proposed removal of the Militia from horseneck has met with the opposition you mention—In the late position of the enemy they were exposed to the most imminent danger; but their removal within Kings bridge which my intelligence announces has rendered it less than it was—I still however think the place insecure and should be glad the party could be drawn off some distance from the coast; but if it cannot be effected without clashing with the sense of the state, or giving material disgust to the inhabitants, they may remain where they are. You will please to consult General Woolcot more particularly and if the removal cannot be put upon a satisfactory footing, you will for the present dispense with it—I am the less anxious about it, as the time of service for which his men are engaged is so near expiring.
        I have as yet seen nothing of the supposed spy, which you say was sent with your guard.
        I wish you to ascertain as soon as possible what corps the enemy have left on this side the bridge and their stations. I am with great regard Your most Obed. servan⟨t⟩.


Title: From George Washington to the Massachusetts Council, 4 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Massachusetts Council

          Gentlemen
          Head Quarters West Point August 4th 1779

        I had the Honor to address you Yesterday—and to transmit you some intelligence from New York. I have since reciev’d a letter to my Lord Stirling from an Officer at Newark of which a copy is inclosed. I have the Honor to be with the greatest respect & Esteem Gentlemen, Your Most Obedt Servt

          Go. Washington

          P.S. I have accts through another Channel to the above effect.

            G. W——n


Title: From George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 4 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

          Dear Sir,
          Head Quarters West Point Augt 4th 1779

        I send you a duplicate of my last letter of the 1st instant to guard against miscarriage; since which I am favoured with your’s of the 29th inclosing the copy of one to General Clinton. I immediately forwarded a triplicate to the Governor requesting him to dispatch it to his brother, which will serve to render the receipt of your letter still more certain. I at the same time requested the Governor to direct the march of Major Pauling, in such manner as he should judge most proper, to answer the purpose of this part of the expedition—I sincerely congratulate you on your having surmounted the impediments you had to encounter, and I heartily wish the future progress of the expedition may be attended with fewer embarrassments and terminate in the manner most honorable to yourself and most advantageous to the service. With great regard & esteem I am Dr Sir Yr Obedt servt

          Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 5 August 1779
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

          Dear General
          Mandavilles [Dutchess County, N.Y.]Augst 5th 1779.

        I forward Two prisoners Sent me the last evening by Major Genl Howe in his Letter to me he observes.
        “I send two Prisoners: one a Diserter from a Virginia Corps the other a Soldier of Simcoe’s Corps taken by our light Horse near the Enemys Lines, and Supposed by many here to be a Spy as he had put off the Soldier and put on the Peasant he was much disguised. He says he was going on a visit to his wife near Bedford and did not wish to be know[n]: and this I rather beleive to be the Case.”
        with the Gentlmn of my family I intend to have the honor of paying our respects to your Excellency at noon. I have the honor to be very respectfully your Excellencys most obedient Servt

          W. Heath


Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 5 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

          Sir,
          Head Quarters West Point August 5th 1779

        My doubts as to the intended operation of the Resolution of the 28th of June, upon the subject of vacancies and the mode of filling them—whether it was meant to take immediate effect in all cases, or to operate only where arrangements had been made—and my earnest wish not to contravene the views of Congress or the rights of the executive authorities of the States in any instance, have induced me to transmit to your Excellency the inclosed arrangement of the Massachusetts line, which Congress if they think proper, will send to the Board of War that Commissions may be Issued upon it. It has been a work of much time, and, even in the last instance from the confusion in which matters were involved, it closely employed seven General Officers seven or eight days. All the Officers or all but a very few, at least I know nothing to the contrary having appointed none myself, obtained appointments, I believe, from the State; or were mentioned

in the arrangement begun by the Committee of Congress at White Plains; but many hold different grades from what they did at first, which is the cause of my referring the matter to Congress, being arranged by the Board to vacancies, which have happened by deaths resignations &c. A like conduct with respect to arranging to vacancies, has been & was of necessity pursued in the arrangements of the other lines by the Committee and different Boards which have sat on the business, or it must have been left nearly in the disordered—imperfect—dissatisfactory and injurious state, in which it was found. But those arrangements preceded the Resolution in question, whereas the present has been made since. If it should be ⟨the⟩ pleasure of Congress to carry this into effect, I would take the liberty to suggest, that the sooner the commissions are made out the better, as the Officers are incessant in their applications upon the subject. The arrangement in some instances, particularly in the case of the 7th Regiment (late Aldens) which makes a part of the Army under General Sullivan is incompleat, and no industry or inquiries of the Board could make it perfect.
        Before I conclude I think it necessary to mention the case of Mr Pettingill, who stands arranged as Major to a vacancy, which happened on the 26th Ulto and to which he was intitled from his seniority in the line of captains. Some time this year he obtained a commission from the State, dated as he suggests the 25th of Novemr 1777 for the Majority in Col. Wessons Regiment, which superseded several older captains of equal merit, and, as soon as it was known on account of the uneasiness it excited, occasioned a memorial from the field Officers, of which the inclosed is a copy. The matter was laid before the Board of General Officers, who heard Mr Pettingill, and found that he had not the smallest pretentions to promotion before the vacancy to which they have arranged him. I would farther observe that Mr Pettingill, finding that his promotion gave great dissatisfaction, wrote to the Board of War upon the occasion who referred his case to me by their letter of the 21st of June.
        I inclose your Excellency an Extract of a Letter received the 26th Ulto from Doctr Shippen.
        In my letter of the 2d I inclosed your Excellency an extract of a letter of the 29th Ulto from a confidential correspondent in new York. As I thought the intelligence contained in it—so far as it respected the Enemy’s Ships of War & the embarkation of troops, might prove interesting to the naval expedition to Penobscot—I transmitted it on the 3d by express—to the Honble the Council of Massachusetts Bay, and also the information in the inclosure No. 4 by yesderday morning’s Post, which I had just received in a letter from Lord Stirling. The

Council were very early advised by a letter from General Heath—that several of the enemy’s Ships of war—which were afterwards detained by the taking of stony point, as mentioned in the confidential correspondence from York, were preparing to sail. I hope our fleet will be on their guard. I have the honor to be With the greatest respect & esteem Yr Excellency’s Most Obet servant

          Go: Washington

          P.s. I inclose your Excellency a new York paper of the 31st of July. You will perceive that an action is mentioned to have happened between Count DEstaing & Admiral Byron—and that the Count has lost 5 Ships of the line &c. Before this paper came to hand Mr Story in the Staff department, received on Tuesday, a letter from his Father, informing him “that intelligence was brought by a Vessel into Salem—that Count DEstaing had had an engagement with Admiral Byron, in which the Count had taken five Ships of the line and dismasted many others—that the remainder of Admiral Byrons fleet made towards Jamaica and the Count was in pursuit.” A confirmation of the Counts success is devoutly to be wished.


Title: General Orders, 6 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Moores-House [West-Point]Friday August 6th 1779.
          Parole Livonia—  C. Signs Lebanon. Maryland.

        The General Court Martial of which Colonel Jackson is President is dissolved; That whereof Colonel Durkee is President is ordered to sit tomorrow nine ôclock at the Barracks on the Point: Colonel Starr, vice Coll Durkee on command, will preside.


Title: From George Washington to a Board of General Officers, 6 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Board of Officers

          Gentlemen,
          Head Quarters West Point Augt 6th 1779

        I beg leave to refer you to my letter of the 28th of May and to the papers therein contained for the subjects of your present deliberation. The Board, at their last meeting, seem to have mistaken the object of it, and to have imagined that it extended to the settlement of

the relative rank of all the field officers of Artillery, which was not intended; but only that they should resume the consideration of the points submitted by the abovementioned letter.
        Agreeable to the request of the Board, General Knox has been directed to attend to give such information of facts as the Board may find necessary; and I inclose copy of the proceedings of a Board of General Officers held at White plains, as published in general orders the 15th of September 1778.
        Inclosed is also a letter from Lt Col. Popkins, stating the pretensions of Col. Cranes regiment to rank. I have the honor to be Very respectfully Gentlemen Your most Obedt servant

          Go: Washington


Title: Editorial Note
From:
To:

          Editorial Note
          The network of spies and couriers that has come to be known as the Culper ring, on account of the code names of its spies, had its genesis in GW’s need to provide reliable intelligence to Vice Admiral d’Estaing on British naval movements at New York during the fall of 1778. Recognizing the provision of quality intelligence as a critical aspect of the new military partnership, GW sought trustworthy spies to gather sound information. GW created the Culper network because his existing spy networks proved inadequate for d’Estaing’s needs. The Culper ring’s reports are critical to understanding GW’s generalship in this and subsequent volumes.

          In September 1778, with his squadron refitting and resupplying at Boston, d’Estaing expected a British offensive against his ships by land or sea or both. Declaring that “good Spies must be the basis of all,” d’Estaing pressed GW for reports on British intentions “without loss of time”—even pledging to pay the costs of the spies. GW, who already had spies out gathering intelligence on British ship movements, assured the French admiral that he fully agreed with the necessity of “intelligent spies” and that he had taken every possible measure “to answer this valuable end.” But, in fact, GW remained dissatisfied with his espionage network, and two weeks later he gave the directive to set up a new network, making clear that the reports were designed to support the needs of the French commander.
          GW and Maj. Benjamin Tallmadge, who managed the Culper spies for GW under the alias “John Bolton,” had the new spy network functioning in a month. Abraham Woodhull, residing at Setauket on Long Island and using the alias “Samuel Culper,” acted as the new spy network’s chief intelligence gatherer. The first known intelligence from the Culper ring provided detailed, quality information on naval movements and troop embarkations—the type of information needed for d’Estaing. D’Estaing sailed for the West Indies in early November before GW could relay to him the first Culper reports, but the American commander kept the Culper ring in operation. Remarking to Tallmadge in late November that one of Woodhull’s first reports had “the appearance of a distinct and good one,” GW directed that the spy continue his work. GW soon adapted the spy ring to his own needs, issuing new instructions in March 1779. Additionally, around this time, the Culper ring had undergone several changes to improve its intelligence and methods of delivery. Robert Townsend, who began using the alias “Samuel Culper, Jr.,” had recently been brought in as the network’s chief spy, stationed in the city. The spies had also just begun to use Tallmadge’s new “numerical dictionary,” a list of code numbers standing for words.
          In the months covered by this volume, GW relied heavily on Culper intelligence to plan his own operations, as well as prospective combined operations with the French forces. Although the Culpers continued to provide intelligence on ship movements, by the fall of 1779 the network was gathering more than just naval intelligence. GW relied on the Culper spies to provide him with information on the location and movement of British army units. Townsend’s first letter of August—“Culper, Jr.’s” fourth report to GW and one of the best extant examples of his intelligence reporting—provides an example of the mix of intelligence. Showing the origins of the Culper ring, he first reports on naval movements, but he then goes on to give GW all the intelligence he could gather from talking to British officers: positions of regiments, information on fortifications, European intelligence, and expected ship arrivals. By the period of this volume, the reports of Woodhull had become less important than those from Townsend, who had taken over reporting from the city. Woodhull largely confined himself to reports on Long Island and issues involved in conveyance of Townsend’s reports.
          In addition to the August 1779 Culper documents presented here, other documents in this volume show how much GW relied on the Culper intelligence in this period. At the end of August, GW called on the Culper spies for “essential” reports to help him plan his defensive dispositions in anticipation of a British offensive up the Hudson River, which he expected would follow quickly in the wake of British reinforcements convoyed to New York by Vice Adm. Marriot Arbuthnot. To support his planning for anticipated joint operations with d’Estaing’s

fleet in October, GW again called on the Culper spies to provide information on specific points. Clearly putting a premium on the Culper intelligence, GW in October held a conference with Tallmadge to discuss their operations; the conference resulted in a set of specific instructions to govern the spies’ activities during the anticipated offensive.
          GW’s letters to Tallmadge regarding the Culper spies also highlight a littleknown aspect of GW’s generalship: his operations as a spymaster.
          First, the letters in this volume show how GW operated as his own intelligence officer, receiving reports from several networks of spies. Although the Culper ring was one of his most important and reliable sources of intelligence, GW received reports from several other networks of spies, which were controlled by various generals and field officers. For instance, Maj. Gen. Robert Howe seems to have operated double-spy Elijah Hunter and other spies in New York. In addition, officers stationed in New Jersey operated spies on Staten Island. Maj. Gen. Alexander McDougall and Brig. Gen. Samuel Holden Parsons also operated agents. GW and his small number of aides-de-camp had to sort and process all these reports.
          Second, in his letters to Tallmadge in this period, GW shows his mastery of the art of spycraft. He gave specific and detailed recommendations to Tallmadge on how Culper, Jr., should disguise his written reports to avoid detection. GW himself controlled the issue of one of the most essential items for the spies: their special invisible ink and reagent. And GW gave Tallmadge instructions on how the ink was to be used.
          The Culper spy ring was one of GW’s longest-lasting intelligence networks; Woodhull sent his last “Culper” intelligence report to Tallmadge in February 1783. While the Culper ring is unique among GW’s networks of spies in that we know more about it than the others, that information is still sparse. This lack of knowledge is unfortunate because GW relied heavily on the Culper spies while the army remained in the vicinity of New York. In addition to the letters in this volume, from late October 1779 to July of 1781 there are fifty letters from the Culpers to Tallmadge in GW’s papers. The letters presented in this volume and those that will appear in future volumes of this series will provide perhaps the most complete account of the network’s operations and GW’s role as its director.


Title: II. Samuel Culper to John Bolton, 15 August
From: Culper, Samuel
To: Bolton, John

            Sir.
            No. 21. Setauket. August 15th 1779.

          Jonas Hawkins agreeable to appointment met Culper Junr not far from New-York, and received a letter; but on his return was under the necessity to destroy the same, or be detected: but have the satisfaction to inform you that there is nothing of importance to advise you of. There have been no augmentation by ships of war or land forces, and every thing is very quiet. Every [letter] is opened at the entrance of New-York—and every man is searched that for the future every letter must be writen with the Ink received. They have some knowlege of the rout our letters take. I judge it was mentioned in the letter taken, or they would not be so vigilant. I do not think it will continue long so. I intend to visit New-York before long and think by the assistance of a lady of my acquaintance, shall be able to outwit them all. The next appointment for C. Brewster to be here is the 1st of [September.] It is very long but it cannot be altered now. It is on account of their vigilance that it is so prolonged. It may be better times before then I hope there will be means found out for our deliverance, nothing could induce me to be here but the earnest desire of Culper Junr—Friends are all well—and am—your &

            Culper Samuel


Title: III. Samuel Culper to John Bolton, 17 August
From: Culper, Samuel
To: Bolton, John

            Dear Sir
            729 Augt 17. 1779

          The inclosed hath bene Since the dats thereof in my hands on the account of a high wind much rather they had bene in you⟨rs⟩ I have nothing worthy of notice to Pen down our Petitioners have not yet returnd Shall be able to informe you at the next appointment which is very Short 725 returns this night and may come back tomorrow night I hope the general Sickness Seems, to abate. Am your, &c.
          722

            N.B. I mean by Petitioners a representative hath gone up from everry Town, to the Genl in behalf of the People.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 6 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

          Dr Sir
          West point August 6th 1779

        I yesterday received your favor of the 4th—inclosing a Copy of a Letter from Colo. White. The Fleet, of which I had received very particular intelligence before, I believe, is gone to the Eastward in

pursuit of our Armed Vessels sent to penobscot. Such is my information by a person who left New York the day before they sailed, which was the 1st; and circumstances strongly point to this destination.
        From the accidents that have befallen some of our Emissaries—I would request, that when you have occasion to speak of or to communicate any intelligence from the Man you mention in the postcript of your Letter—that you will do it under the description of “the person you mentioned”. Although you should only use a single Letter of his name—yet it might have, which could not or ought not to have fixed any thing conclusively upon him; yet in case of interception it might lead to excite discoveries & suspicions against him.
        We have it reported that the Enemy have retired from Stono ferry—and gone part to Savannah & part to Beaufort.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 6 August 1779
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

          Dear Sir
          Camp at Keelers Hill, Lower Salem [N.Y.]Augt 6th 1779.

        Intelligence making it probable that a party of the Enemy might be surprized within their lines, thirty five of Moylans and ten of Sheldons Light Dragoons, with forty Infantry and about fifty Militia Horses were appointed for this command, with Orders to carry the enterprize into execution, if on approaching the Enemy it was found practicable—Lieutenant Colonel White of Moylans conducted this affair with a conduct and spirit much to his honor. He got within the enemy’s lines by Midnight and proceeded near two Miles beyond Delancey’s Bridge without discovery, and tho’ he did not meet with the party he was sent to surprise, he brought off sixteen prisoners, two

or three Negroes, upwards of thirty Horses, a few Arms, some Accoutrements, and many other things of Value. He had got on this side of New Rochelle on his return, where, about Day Break he was charged with Spirit by a strong Body of Horse, who fell on our Rear—they were received and opposed with a resolution truly commendable. But superior numbers made it necessary for our Cavalry to retire a little, that the fire of the Infantry might operate. The sudden attack of the Enemy and the nature of the ground, gave this Corps no time to take a situation very favorable, but they sustained the attack with firmness, and by a well directed fire checked the enemy, untill the Cavalry was again got in order. The engagement then recommenced between the Horse, while the Infantry took a more defensible position, Tho’ our Cavalry exerted themselves as much as possible they were again obliged to retire—when the Infantry gave the Enemy another severe check. But thier numbers every moment encreasing, it was thought proper to order the Infantry to retire to a Wood, where they could defend themselves with effect, and their Retreat be made good. Our Horses retired by the Road which led to Horseneck; the Enemy hung for sometime upon their Rear, and smart Encounters between small parties frequently happened in which we constantly had the advantage. The Enemy gave over the contest about four Miles from Byram Bridge, and our Cavalry proceeded to Horseneck. Sometime after they appeared on Sniffens Hill, where, for particular Reasons, I wish they had continued a little longer.
        I think Lt Colo. White a valuable Officer and take pleasure in again expressing how highly I approve his conduct. The Officers and Men of the Cavalry behaved with a Gallantry and Spirit truly laudable. Capt. Pope of the Infantry and the Officers and Men of his command are mentioned by those of the Cavalry in a manner demonstrative of their Merit and expressive of the Gratitude of the Horse for the support they afforded them.
        The enemy without doubt, suffered a good deal. Lieut. Gill counted fourteen Men lying on the Feild at one place of action—and more must have fallen at other places. The Officers of the parties I sent out after the Enemy, when I found them retiring, learnt of the Inhabitants that they acknowledged thier loss (in proportion to the numbers engaged) considerable. Of the Horse on our side three Men only are wounded, and they so slightly that they are now on duty. Of the Infantry I have as yet had no return, but understand from Capt. Pope that two only are killed. We did not lose an Horse, and had but three or four wounded—four of the Enemy’s were taken in the Action. proper Returns shall be transmitted your Excellency, the moment I receive them.

        Upon the whole I think this a clever little Affair, and flatter myself it will meet, Sir, with your approbation. I have the honor to be with the greatest Respect Yr Excellency’s most obt Servt

          Robert Howe.

          P.S. I have ordered the things taken to be sold for the Benefit of the Captors—So sensible are the Horse of the good behaviour of the Infantry in this Affair that they have unanimously voted them half a share extraordinary, in reward of their Merit.


Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 6 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

          sir
          West point August the 6th 1779

        Your Excellency’s Letter of the 28th of July—with it’s several Inclosures, has been duly received. I shall take the liberty in a few days, to lay before Congress a state of facts with respect to the Expedition under General Sullivan, by which I trust it will appear, that every measure and precaution in my power has been taken to ensure it’s success; and notwithstanding the difficulties he points out, I would fain hope that it will terminate happily. I have the Honor to be with the greatest respect Yr Excellency’s Most Obedt servant

          Go: Washington

          P.S. I inclose Your Excellency a Letter from Genl Parsons of the 31st of July, with sundry Depositions, respecting the conduct of the Enemy

at New Haven—also his Returns of the Houses they burnt at Fairfield & Norwalk.


Title: To George Washington from John Jay, 6 August 1779
From: Jay, John
To: Washington, George

          Sir,
          Philadelphia 6th August 1779

        Your Favors of the 29th July & 2nd Inst. have been delivered to me—The Papers, herewith enclosed, are a copy of the Act of the 8th of March mentioned in Your Excellency’s Letter of the 29th Ulto and a Report of the Board of War recommending that Captain Wilkie’s Company of Coll Spencer’s Regiment be annexed to the 11th Pennsylvania Regiment—Congress desire your Excellency’s Opinion on the Propriety of this measure. I have the honor to be With the greatest Respect & Esteem Your Excellency’s Most Obedient Servant

          John Jay Presidt


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Jefferson, 6–10 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jefferson, Thomas

          Sir
          West Point August the 6[–10] 1779

        I have been honoured with your Letter of the 17 of July, upon the case of Lt Governor Hamilton. This subject, on more mature consideration, appears to be involved in greater difficulty than I apprehended. When I first received the proceedings of the Council upon it, transmitted in Your Excellency’s Letter of the 19th of June, I had no doubt of the propriety of the treatment decreed against Mr Hamilton, as being founded in principles of a just retaliation. But, upon examining the matter more minutely—and consulting with several intelligent General Officers—it seems to be their opinion—that Mr Hamilton could not, according to the usage of War after his Capitulation, even in the manner it was made, be subjected to any uncommon severity under that idea—and that the Capitulation placed him upon a different footing from a mere prisoner at discretion. Whether it may be expedient to continue him in his present confinement from motives of policy and to satisfy our people—is a question I cannot determine; but if it should, I would take the liberty to suggest—that it may be proper to publish all the Cruelties he has committed or abetted—in a particular manner—and the evidence in support of the charges, that the World, holding his conduct in abhorrence, may feel and appro⟨ve⟩ the justice of his fate. Indeed, whatever may be the line of conduct towards him, this may be adviseable. If from the

considerations I have mentioned—the rigor of his treatment is mitigated; yet—he cannot claim of right upon any ground, the extensive indulgence which Genl Philips seems to expect for him—and I should not hesitate to withhold from him—a thousand priviledges I might allow to common prisoners. He certainly merits a discrimination and although the practice of War may not justify all the measures that have been taken against him—he may unquestionably without any breach of public faith or the least shadow of imputation, be confined to a Room. His safe custody will be an object of great importance. I have the Honor to be with sentiments of great respect & esteem Yr Excellency’s Most Obedt servant

          G.W.

          P.S. Augt 10. I have received Your Excellencys Letter of the 19th of July—with the Blank Commission⟨s⟩ which I ⟨illegible⟩ will fill up as the Council requests.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel John Lamb, 6 August 1779
From: Lamb, John
To: Washington, George

          Sir,
          West-Point, Augst 6th 1779.

        O[b]serving by the General Orders of yesterday, that, a Board of General Officers; is to Sit this Day, to settle the relative Rank, of the Colos. of Artillery; I have to request, the favour of your Excellency, to direct, that Lt Colo. Stevens, attend the Board, to ascertain certain Facts, respecting the pretentions of Colo. Crane. I have the honour to be; with the greatest Respect, your Excellency’s Most Obet Hume Servt.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Stephen Moylan, 6 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Moylan, Stephen

          Dr Sir
          West point Aug. 6: 1779

        I received Your favor of the 3d—and am persuaded you had made a good disposition of the Troops under your command. I believe there has been no embarkation of the Enemy except for Marines—on board the Ships said to be gone in pursuit of our Armed Vessels on the expedition to penobscot. I am pleased with the stroke to Emericks Corps—and the more so from the line of conduct they pursue. I am Dr sir with great regd Yr Most &c.

          G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Parry, 6 August 1779
From: Parry, Thomas
To: Washington, George

          Sir
          Forage-Magazine-Store, at the Post atHacketts-town [N.J.] August the 6th 1779.

        Being employed in the service of the United States in the Quarter Master’s Department upwards of two years—and sent to Hackettstown to regulate the accounts of that post under the direction of Colo. Jacob West A.D.Q. M[aste]r my employer; With submission to your Excellency, I beg the favor to acquaint Your Excellency of the imprudent behavior of Colonel Moore Furman, D.Q.M. General at Pitts-town: no ways doubting your Excellency will take such methods to prevent his misbehavior.
        Permit me to assure your Excellency, that on the most emergent occasions he has refused and neglected (altho in his power) to give his necessary assistance for foraging the Teams loaded with Artillery Stores &ca at this time in a peculiar manner. Complaints agt him and his numerous attendants, are not only frequent, but daily. refusing to give the necessary supplies for the immediate furthering of Stores to the Grand Army under Your Excellency’s command.
        This remonstrance to your Excellency, proceeds niether from envy or ill will. The good of the service in my weak opinion, requires our best exertion.
        Colo. Furman’s proceedings, retards the military operations under Your Excellency’s command, and may consequently be productive of Evils dangerous to the United States.
        Your Excellency’s Subscriber, is an Eye-witness to the injudicious proceedings of Colo. Furman and his Attendants, and cannot pass over in silence, such transactions; well knowing, such conduct must inevitably tend to the detriment of the well intended purposes of the good and truly affected people, for the liberty, and future happiness of these States.
        The Bearer, Mr Robinson, Conductor of Six Artillery-teams-loading, will better acquaint Your Excellency how he has been treated at Pitts-town, and what service Colo. Furman has rendered him for forwarding the Stores. I beg leave to subscribe myself Your Excellency’s most devoted

          Thomas Parry Clk


Title: To George Washington from Major General John Sullivan, 6 August 1779
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

          [Wyalusing, Pa., 6 Aug. 1779]

        Extract of a letter from General Sullivan dated Wyalusing [Pa.] 6th Augt 1779.
        “On examining the state of our Stores I find that we have not more than forty days provision in Flour, nor will the Meat now on hand, with the greatest Oeconomy last more than two Months. This was all I could possibly procure and indeed full as much as I had means to carry; for the number of my Boats does not exceed half the number engaged me. Your Excellency will I hope be satisfied from this representation of the propriety of my orders to General Clinton with respect to provisions, for on what he has collected our Expectations of support must in a great measure be founded.”


Title: General Orders, 7 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Moores-House [N.Y.]Saturday August 7th 1779.
          Parole Stockholm—  C. Signs Lunden. Loro.

        The Honorable the Congress on the 26th of July were pleased to pass the following Act.
        Resolved unanimously, “That the thanks of Congress be presented to Brigadier General Wayne for his brave, prudent and soldierly conduct in the spirited and well conducted attack of Stony-Point.”

        Resolved unanimously—“That Congress entertain a proper sense of the good conduct of the officers and soldiers under the command of Brigadier General Wayne in the assault of the enemy’s works at Stony-Point and highly commend the Coolness, Discipline and firm Intrepidity exhibited on the occasion.[”]
        Resolved unanimously—“That Lieutenant Col. Fleury and Major Steward, who by their situation in leading the two attacks had a more immediate opportunity of distinguishing themselves, have by their personal Atchievements exhibited a bright example to their brother soldiers and merit in a particular manner the Approbation and Acknowledgement of The United States.”
        Resolved unanimously, “That Congress warmly approve and applaud the cool and determined Spirit with which Lieutt Gibbons and Lieutenant Knox led on the Forlorn-Hope, braving Danger and Death in the cause of their Country.[”]
        Resolved unanimously, “That a Medal, emblematical of this action be struck; That one of Gold be presented to Brigadier General Wayne and a silver one to Lieutenant Colonel Fleury and Major Steward respectively.[”]
        Resolved unanimously, “That Brevets of Captain be given to Lieutt Gibbons and Lieutenant Knox.[”]
        Resolved unanimously, “That a Brevet of Captain be given to Mr Archer the bearer of the General’s letter and Volunteer Aide to Brigadier General Wayne.[”]
        Resolved unanimously, “That Congress approve the promises of reward made by Brigadier General Wayne with the concurrence of the Commander in Chief to the troops under his command.[”]
        Resolved unanimously—“That the value of the military stores taken at Stony-Point be ascertained and divided among the Gallant Troops by whom it was reduced in such manner and proportion as the Commander in Chief shall prescribe.”
        It having been found prejudicial to the service to discharge soldiers from the army who are capable of doing duty in the corps of Invalids, the Commander in Chief directs, that no non-commissioned officer or soldier shall be discharged without a certificate from the Director General or a Senior Surgeon of the Flying-Hospital or from some of the principal Surgeons of the General Hospital that he is unfit to serve in the Corps of Invalids as well as in the field, and that all discharges otherwise granted shall be void.
        Those who are certified to be unfit for field duty only, the Brigadiers or Commandants of brigades are to give them transferences to the corps of Invalids in the following manner.

        A. B—— of —— regiment being certified by —— unfit for field duty is hereby transfered to the Corps of Invalids.
        The men thus transfered are to be sent to the Orderly-Office the first monday of every month that they may be sent under proper officers to those places where the Invalids are stationed: Certificates to be sent with them of what pay and cloathing they have received and what may remain due to them.
        Colonel Starr being absent from camp, Colonel Russell is appointed President of the General Court-Martial in his room.
        The Court to sit next monday ten ôclock A.M. at the usual place.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Erskine, 7 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Erskine, Robert

          Sir,
          West-point Augt 7th–79

        Are the cross roads between the Sussex and Morris-town Roads Surveyed? If they are I wish to have them laid down on my pocket Map as soon as possible; if they are not, no time should be lost in the completion of this necessary Work.
        If you have any Assistant with you, unimployed, he may Survey the Road from Stamford to Hartford by the way of Norwalk Fairfield & New Haven. & come back the most direct Public Road from New haven to Bedford—I am Sir Yr Most obedt Servt

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Nathanael Greene, 7 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

          Dr Sir
          West point Augt 7 1779

        I have received a Letter from Congress of the 28th Ulto—transmitting a Copy of a Letter from Genl Sullivan of the 21st and of several

papers which accompanied it. I inclosed them for your perusal—and you will be pleased to shew them to Colo. Wadsworth. I intend to write to Congress upon the subject of their Contents so far as they respect myself. I am &c.

          G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Thomas Nixon, 7 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Nixon, Thomas

          Sir,
          Head Quarters West Point August 7th 1779

        There is a quantity of money of the two emissions called in, lying at Hartford in the hands of a Mr John Lawrence Treasurer at that place. It is to be forwarded to Philadelphia—You will be pleased therefore to give orders to one of the Officers coming on with the levies to take charge of it, and on his arrival at Fish kill to give me notice—An attentive Officer should be appointed for the purpose. I have directed Genl Greene to have a Waggon provided at Hartford for the purpose. I am Sir Yr Most Obet servant.


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Purviance, Jr., 7 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Purviance, Samuel Jr.

          Sir
          West-point Augt 7th 1779

        Every information which is in my power to give respecting the several queries contained in your letter of the 13th Ulto (received

yesterday only) shall be communicated, and I wish a better knowlege and more perfect recollection of circumstances would enable me to give you a more satisfactory answer.
        In what manner the person who makes you the offer of land derives his title I am totally ignorant; but the several conveyances from the original patentee, will, and only can speak to the validity of it—If this is part of the land surveyed under a proclamation (issued by the governor and council of Virginia) in the year 1754 and has been properly transfered to the present proprietor, and the conditions of an act of assembly requiring certain improvements to be made in a limited period, have been complied with—or in other words—if no person has taken advantage of the non-compliance with this act, and petitioned for the land the title must be good, because the land was offered by the executive powers of Virginia (in whom sufficient authority was vested) as a bounty to encourage an expedition then on foot against the encroachments of the french on the Ohio, and patents issued in legal form accordingly, after peace was restored to the frontiers—There can be little doubt therefore of the goodness of the title (under the provisos before mentioned) and how far a noncompliance with the act for improveing, and saving lands would have an operation, considering the distracted state in which that country hath been—the hostile temper of the indians and their unwillingness to have these lands settled may be a matter of doubt—unwilling however to place mine upon a precarious footing, I did at great expence and risque send out servants (bought at Baltimore) and Slaves, and saved mine in the manner prescribed by law—so may those also who are now offering to sell, for ought I know to the contrary.
        Thus much sir, respecting the title to these lands—with regard to the quality of them I have only to add, I beleive it is good—I was not present at the survey of a single acre, but had a superficial view of the whole of them the year before they were surveyed—gave general directions to the surveyor respecting his conduct, and have reason to believe he included no land that was bad—By the discription of the lands offered to you they must be part of a large tract of between 50 & 60,000 acres lying in the fork of the Ohio, and great Kanhaway—patented (if my memory serves me) in the names of Muse—Stephen⟨,⟩ Lewis, Hogg—West & others, and afterward⟨s⟩ divided among them according to their respective claims, or agreeable to some kind of compromise entered into by mutual consent—but this is a transaction of which I never had any official knowlege, and have come at by report only; nor do I know (as hath been before observed) in what manner—to whom—or with what accuracy transfers have been made; but the title papers will discover this—Of the validity of the original

patent I have not the smallest doubt. with esteem and regard I am Sir Your most obed. Servt

          G. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General John Sullivan, 7 August 1779
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

          [Wyalusing, Pa., 7 Aug. 1779]

        Extract of a letter from General Sullivan dated at Wyalusing 7th Augt 1779.
        “In my last I gave your Excellency a particular and just Account of the state of my provisions, since which I have determined to keep open if possible the Channel of supplies, for my apprehensions of failure arise more from a probability of want, than from any possible resistance of the Enemy. Your Excellency will therefore rather I hope approve of than discountenance my exertions on this occasion.”


Title: General Orders, 8 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Moores-House [West Point]Sunday Augt 8th 1779.
          Parole Hamburgh—  C. Signs Halifax Laland.

        The brigadier of the day will receive from the other officers of the day in each division all remarkable occurences and report them at Head-Quarters after his tour of duty is finish’d[.] He is during this period to examine into the state, condition and manner of treating the prisoners in the Provost and obtain a return of them; Such as shall to him appear to be confined for crimes triable by regimental Courts Martial are to be sent to the Quarter-Guards of their respective regiments for that purpose with a writing specifying their crimes & the names of the Witnesses.
        Ensign James Murran of the 2nd Pennsylvania regiment is appointed Quarter-Master to the same, vice Lieutt Norton whose indisposition renders him incapable of doing that duty.


Title: To George Washington from a Board of General Officers, 8 August 1779
From: Board of Officers
To: Washington, George

          [8 Aug. 1779]

        The Board of General Officers appointed, to settle the relative rank of the Colonels of Artillery, (not before settled) & the rank of

the several Regiments: consisting of Major Generals Putnam, Greene, St Clair, & De Kalb, Brigadiers Gist & Irvine; being assembled at Major General Putnams Augst 6th 1779 and finding some papers & information still wanting, adjourned till tomorrow 10. OClock. When having met—They Adjourn’d to the 8th Inst. to meet at Major Genl Greens Quarters.
        The Board having met according to adjournment, at General Greens Quarters August 8th 1779 proceeded to take into consideration the claims of the several Colonels of Artillery, respecting their own rank, and that of their Regiments: and beg leave to report their opinion thereon, together with the principles & facts on which it is founded, viz.
        That Colonel Crane, serving as a Captain with the Army, from the 8th of May 1775 by virtue of a State Commission of that date, and a General Order requesting such State Officers, to send in their Commissions, and receive others of the same date, ought to take precedence of Colonel Lamb; whose Commission as Captain in the Continental Army, bears date 30 June 1775 It also appears to this Board, that Colonel Crane was Commissioned as Major, in the Continental Army the 1st of January 1776, and Colonel Lamb appointed to a Majority the 9th to take rank from the first day of January 1776; from which the Board conceive, that it could not be the intention of Congress, to supersede Colonel Crane, in the appointment of Colonel Lamb.
        It further appears to the Board, that Colonel Proctor was appointed to a Majority by the State of Pensylvania the 14th August 1776, joined the Continental Army 2nd of Janry 1777 & was promoted the 5⟨th⟩ of Feby following—That previous to his joining the Continental Army, Colonel Harrison was appointed by Congress to the Command of a Regiment, his Commysion bearing date the 30th Novr 1776—The Board from these considerations give Colonel Harrison preceden⟨ce⟩ of Colonel Proctor. whereupon.
        The Board are of opinion, the arrangement of the Colonels of Artillery ought to stand as follows.
        Colonels
        Crane
        Lamb
        Harrison
        Proctor
        And the Regiments in the following Order, viz.
        Colonel Harrisons first, the rank of Colonels Cranes & Lambs Regiments to be decided by lot; and Colonel Proctors to be the fourth.
        The Board are induced to give this as their opinion, from the

different periods of time, at which the several Regts were ordered to be raised, or put upon the Continental Establishment, viz. Harrisons 26 Novr 1776 Cranes & Lambs 1st January 1777—and Proctors between the 20th of June & 19th of July 1777.

          Israel Putnam M.G.Nath. Greene M.G.Ar. St Clair Mr GlThe Baron de Kalb—M. GlM: Gist B.G.Wm Irvine B. Genl


Title: From George Washington to the Board of War, 8 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

          Gentlemen.
          West point Aug. 8th 1779

        I have received a Letter from Colo. Spencer dated at Wyoming the 22d Ulto—inclosing a List of the Officers that remain in service of his—Malcoms—& Formans Regiments—I determined sometime ago to incorporate them—and now transmit an arrangement of the whole—upon which the Board will be pleased to issue Commissions where they have not been issued in consequence of the arrangement of the two first which was formerly transmitted. I have arranged Lieutenant Colonel Smith of the Regt late Lee’s—in the Corps—and am exceedingly happy there was an opportunity of providing for an Officer of his merit. The Board will be pleased to forward the Commissions to Genl Sullivan by the first conveyance that may offer. In my Letter of the 22d—I did not mention from what time Mr Burrowe’s should rank as Major—they will fix it at that date—unless they have already sent him a Commission and fixed his rank at an earlier day. I have the Honor to be with great respect & esteem Gentn Yr Most Obedt set

          G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 8 August 1779
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

          Dear General
          Mandavilles [Dutchess County, N.Y.]Augst 8th 1779

        enclosed is a Letter which Capt. Cartw[r]ight received this morning from Capt. Hopkins, The York Paper mentioned is of the 31st Ulto which I saw a day or Two Since at your Excellency Quarters, otherwise I should Send it.
        There was a Skirmish on Thursday last near New Rochelle between Some of our Light horse and a Party of Infantry, and a Party of the Enemy the Particulars are not yet Come to hand when they do shall be immediately forwarded. I have the honor to be very respectfully your Excellencys most Obedient Servt

          W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 8 August 1779
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

          Dear General
          Mandavilles [Dutchess County, N.Y.] Augst 8th 1779. 3 oClock P.M.

        I have the honor to enclose a Letter this moment received from Major General Howe. would beg the favor that it might be returned after your Excellency may [be] done with it. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect your Excellencys most obedient Servt

          W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 8 August 1779
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

          Dear General
          Mandavilles [Dutchess County, N.Y.] Augst 8th 17794 oClock P.M.

        In a Letter which I had the honor to receive from your Excellency on the 25th Ulto you were pleased to Observe as follows vizt “I send by the Boat Elisha Daniels His Story is that he lived at Crompond—went to the enemy Since they took post at Verplancks Point—& deserted from them a few days agoe you will have him kept under guard till you can inform yourself of his character and the circumstances that attended his going in and his return—when you will be able to determine whether he may be released with propriety”—enclosed is a Letter from Colo. Drake respecting Daniels former Character—an account Similar was given me to Day by another person acquainted with him—shall I Send him over to Your Excellency, or to Fishkill or else where?
        This moment, Three French Deserters from Verplanks Point are sent to me by Genl Nixon, enclosed is an examination taken before that Gentleman.
        In a Letter which General Parsons has Just received from Genl

Wolcott mention is made of a French ⟨&⟩ Spanish Fleets being expected at New York—so that the report is Spread every way whether it be true or not I have the honor to be with the greatest respect your Excellencys most Obedient Servt

          W. Heath

          P.S. Genl Parsons informs me that he has from a Confident[i]al friend whose Intelligence He thinks may be relyed on.
          That the Enemy do not allow any person to go to or Come from the City by the east River.
          That there is a great press in New York both for men and Shipping.
          That the Body of the Army lie below the 7 mile Stone.
          That Troops are removing to Staten Island.
          That  Saies that he thinks from every account that he receives a French Fleet is either now off the Hook or Soon expected there by the Enemy, and that  agrees with him in opinion. The two Persons whose names should fill the foregoing Blanks are Gentlemen of Character—a person who lately went to Newyork has not returned by the Time expected.


Title: To George Washington from John Jay, 8 August 1779
From: Jay, John
To: Washington, George

          Sir,
          Philadelphia 8th Augt 1779

        Herewith enclosed is a copy of a Letter from Coll Simmes respecting leave of Absence—Congress refer This Request to Your Excellency—The Colonel will be The Bearer of this Letter, & will more fully explain the reason of his applying to Congress in the first Instance. I have the honor to be With great Respect & Esteem Your Excellency’s Most Obedt Servant.


Title: General Orders, 9 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Moore’s-House [West Point]Monday Augt 9th 1779.
          Parole Languedoc—  C. Signs Lena. Lens.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 9 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

          Dr sr,
          Head Quarter West Point 9th Augst 1779

        Your favor of the 6th Inst. came to hand yesterday evening I shall communicate the success of Col. Whites enterprise to Congress and beg that you will present my thanks to him, the other Officers and the Corps concerned on the occasion. I am Dr Sr Yr Mo. hum: Servt

          G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 9 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

          Dear Sir,
          West-point Augt 9th 1779

        I have received your (private) letter of the 7th. The present Æra is big of events—the next ten or twelve days will, most assuredly bring forth something of importance—till which (I mean till the designs of the enemy are a little more unfolded) I shall not think it consistent with military prudence to make further detachments from this army however desirous I may be to beat up the enemys quarters on this side Kings bridge. From Europe, from the West Indies, from the East, & from the west, we may I think look for interesting News—the Military movements in the three last (two of them at least) must have brought

matters nearly, to a decision; and from the other that is Europe a few days must discover her views and what is to be apprehended from the long talked of re-inforcement.
        My ideas of Militia co-incide exactly with your description of their conduct in a recent instance—their numbers magnify the sound, more than it increases the strength of an Army; and in escorts, guards, &c. they are useful because they save other Troops from this duty but they ever did & ever will deceive one in action. After having warned General Wolcot of the danger which might be apprehended from an enterprizing enemy I commit him to his fate, and the orders of his Governor.
        I had wrote thus far and was about to finish, when your letter of the 8th with its inclosure came to hand. For sometime past, I have been clear in one of two things, but not decided in either. First that the enemy are really in expectation of a pritty considerable reinforcement with which they mean to take the field and act vigorously, and are in the meantime putting the Island & defences of New Yk in such a situation as to be, with their shipping, held by a few men—or expecting no re-inforcement & apprehensive of a foreign foe, are preparing for self defence. The Spies employed by  may in a great measure determine this point (if they can gain admittance to the City) by looking into the number & condition of their waggon Horses, preparation of Waggons—& such apendages as are necessary for the land transportation of an Army. I shall mention the case of Glovers field pieces to General Knox—I sincerely thank you for your professions of personal attachment & regard & am with sentiments of esteem and affection Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt Servt

          Go: W——n


Title: From George Washington to John Armstrong, 10 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Armstrong, John

          Dear Sir,
          West-point Augt 10th 1779.

        Among the number of Letters which I am continually receiving & the multiplicity of papers which are put into my hands to peruse, your favor of the 25th of June was mixed, & for a time lost—nor did it come to light again till yesterday. this, though a bad excuse, is the truth, & consequently the best apology I can make for delaying so long an answer to the quære in behalf of your Son. I wish it was in my power to accomodate the Doctr with a piece of Land in Berkeley upon such terms as would be agreeable to him, but several years ago I leased every foot I had in that County and wish with all my heart he had happened to have been one of the Lessee’s, as I let them for Cash on very moderate terms for lives, which under the present depreciated state of the currency, is not worth collecting.
        Such a flood of good news is pouring in upon us at this Instant that (not forgetting the late Charlestown accts) I am induced to suspend my belief of (at least) part of them till more authentic information arrives. The taking of St Vincents & the Grenad[in]es wants no further confirmation—the relation of these matters seem pointed & clear; but the true issue, & the consequences of the engagement between the two fleets are not (to us at this place) well ascertained. nor is the acct of the enemys retreat from South Carolina, and the Surrender of the Troops at penobscot & destruction of their fleet at that place direct, nor the latter well related, but a few days more will remove all doubts on these several heads.
        The enemy, excepting their Garrisons at Stony & Verplanks points, & a few light Troops without Kings bridge & those on Staten Island are removed to York Island. what may be the design, under the present appearances of things, is not easy to decide but a little time will disclose this also. In the mean while I am endeavouring by the erection of New works, & an alteration of the old, to put this Post in the

best posture of defence I can. In sincerity & truth I have the honor to be—Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt & Affec⟨te⟩ Hble Servt

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to the Board of War, 10 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

          Gentn
          West point August the 10th 1779

        I yesterday evening received Your Letter of the 3d and have directed the Commissary of prisoners to permit Capn Edmonstone to go into New York upon parole, subject to an immediate and final exchange, by Sir Henry Clinton’s releasing One of our Captains now in his hands, who has been longest in captivity, & whose name will be mentioned in his parole. Mr Beatty has written to Mr Adams—Deputy Commissary of prisoners at Elizabeth Town upon the business. The Board will be pleased to write to Captain Edmonstone to proceed thither and to apply to Mr Adams—for farther directions. I have the Honor to be with great respect Genn Yr Most Obedt svt

          G. Washington


Title: To George Washington from William Crawford, 10 August 1779
From: Crawford, William
To: Washington, George

          Dr General
          Fort Pitt Augt the 10th 1779

        Agreable to my promise the Last time I had the Pleashure of Seeing you I advertised your Lands on Shutee that is Setled by those men I formerly informd you of They Still remain on the Land.
        I Supose you may have hard the Land Office is to be Op[e]ned the first of Ocbr next, all Land Setled is to be Entered now with the Treshurer at Williamsburgh the Purches mony to be paid to him and his recept to the Survayor is the warrent.
        Any Land Setled and improved to be Purhist at the old rate, and unimprovd Land is at £40 pr hundred no more than 400 Acres in a Survay This is what I am told of the Acct of Asambly but I have not Seem them as yeat All desputs about improvement is to be sitled by Odetors for that porpose Apinted by the Asambly ho is to Attend on the primesis Your round bottom Tract I Supose will be Setled that way as a pattant has not bin Obtaind for it as I understand yeat Should I be hear at the time it is Setled I shall attend If I do not you may Chance Loose it as I am better Aquinted with the Sircomstance then any other Person, Young Tumlenson ho first improved the Land was with me when I Sirvayd it and Caried the Chain round it and Give up any title he had to you upon my informing him you Claimd that Land, There was no improvement on the Land whin I Sirvayd it for you but Tumlensons as I Saw, Your houses Down the river is all burnt by the Endiens Cantock and they falls is Setling very rapedly Your Present Situation will not admit of your Obtaining any of them Lands without Som Assistance Young Harrison is going Down Emeditly I intend geting him to take a good Tract of 2 or 3000 Acres if to be had for which I will fall on Som way of being Secured for you and Aquint you by the first oppertunity I mention this as you may want Som near

the fall or Som place of Conveyance as all those will in a Short time be taken if not allredy taken I beleve I Shall go there my self as soon as I can be at Liberty from the Sarvice of my Country.
        I intend to headquarters as soon as I convenantly can I wish you Sucksess and remain your most Hume Obedit Servant

          W. Crawford


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 10 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

          Dear sir
          Head Quarters West-point 10th August 1779

        I have just now received your two favors of this date, inclosing General Parson’s letter on the detention of Leach.
        The propriety of the proposed attempt on Lloyds neck, can be best determined by those who are nearer the ground than I am, and whose inquiries may have been more particular, as to the exact situation and strength of the enemy, in its vicinity. If you find a favorable report, I have no objection to the undertaking. I cannot however consent to a Brigadier General’s taking the command of so small a party as is to be employed; but besides the military impropriety I should not like to hazard his loss for the prospect of taking 25 or 30 men.
        Respecting the distribution of the recruits from the State of Connecticut—you will be pleased to give orders for such a proportion of them to be applied to each company or regiment, as to make each of the same strength, or as nearly so as possible.

        It appears to me that Leach should be sent into the enemy as we have some time since received an equivalent—and as the faith of the State has been pledged for his exchange, you may therefore order him to their lines as soon as you think proper. I am Dr sir your most hble servt

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 10 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

          Dear sir
          Head Quarters West-point 10th August 1779.

        I have to acknowlege your favor of this day with its inclosure to your address from Gen: Nixon.
        The apprehending of Rissimbarack is worth a little trouble. I have therefore sent back, deserter, Nifer; and would recommend the using him as a pilot to the place he has pointed out as Rissimbarack’s rissidence. You may send with him three or four trusty soldiers, and a sergeant, under proper instructions. They should be particularly directed to avoid insulting Rissimbarack’s family, or daring to plunder any thing whatsoever. I am Dr sir your most hble servt

          Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Jean Holker, 10 August 1779
From: Holker, Jean
To: Washington, George

          [Philadelphia, 10 Aug. 1779]

        Extract of a letter from Mr Holker to Genl Washington. dated 10th Augt 1779.
        “two reputable Gentlemen write me from Martinique that his Excellency Count D’Estaings Frigates have captured twenty three sail of Merchantment from Europe, two of which were laden with warlike Stores for Jamaica: moreover upwards of thirty small West India trading Vessels. private intelligence on which I am told to depend informs the Govr of Martinico that eight ships of the line, English, are so disabled as not to be refitted in the West Indies—Admiral Byron not being able to reach Antigua.”


Title: From George Washington to Major Henry Lee, Jr., 10 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Henry Jr.

          Dr Sir
          Head Quarters West Point Aug. 10th 1779

        I have received your letter of yesterday with its inclosures—The plan you propose for the attack of Powlus Hook and for making good the retreat of the party is well concerted, and such as would be most likely to succeed, if the enterprise were to be carried into execution—But upon the whole in the present position of the enemy’s army I should deem the attempt too hazardous and not warranted by the magnitude of the object. We should lose more in case of failure than we could gain in case of success; and a single deserter or disaffected inhabitant may disclose the design and involve the party in ruin—The idea I had of the matter was that it might not require more than 300 men; it becomes the less eligible from the greater number you think requisite, which are too many to expose to any material danger. These considerations induce me to suspend the attempt ’till a more favourable opportunity—unless it can be made in a manner less hazardous.
        The manner I have in view is by water by way of Newark bay. Boats may be collected near Elizabeth Town so as to threaten Staten Island. The party intended for the enterprise may either embark there proceed up the bay, and land within two or three miles of the post or it may meet the boats near New Ark embark there and cross directly over. The doubt is whether, notwithstanding the collection of the boats would look immediately towards Staten Island, it may not also give the alarm for Powlus Hook and put them upon th⟨eir⟩ guard—This I think is somewhat to be apprehe⟨nded⟩—I would however wish you to turn your thoughts this way and give me your opinion as to the probability of success. I am with great regard Dr Sir Your obedt servant

          G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel John Taylor, 10 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Taylor, John

          Sir
          Head Qrs West-point 10th August 1779

        I have been duly favored with your letter of the 6th inst.
        The plan you have laid for obtaining intelligence appears to be very well calculated for the end at present. I wish you to turn your inquiries as far as possible or practicable to the ascertaining the extent of the preparations which the enemy may be making to procure waggons—Whether the Inhabitants of Long Island—York Island—and Staten Island are called on for this purpose? and if the numbers demanded

or collected are great? I beg you may be particular on this head, and make me acquainted with the result as soon as acquired. your

          G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 10 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.

          Sir
          Head Qrs West point August 10th 1779

        I have had the Honor to receive Your Excellency’s Favor of the 2d Instant. As circumstances indicated an intention on the part of the Enemy to pursue their ravages—I approve the conduct of Captain Frothingham in offering his services while it appeared they might be material. With respect to the Six Field pieces left at Middletown—which your Excellency seems desirous of retaining while there may be a probability of their being wanted in the state—it will be necessary for You to apply to Congress upon the subject, as it is a point in which I have no authority to act. As to Officers and Men to manage the pieces, it is utterly out [of] my power to supply them. We are deficient in both—very much so in Matrosses—and are obliged upon every occasion where we use Artillery to make large Drafts from the Regiments of Infantry.
        I assure You Sir, it will always give me the most sensible satisfaction to afford protection to All and each of the States against the Attacks and depredations of the Enemy—and it is a circumstance of great concern when ever I find myself unable to do it—either in the manner I could wish or in which it is requested. Unfortunately I am in this predicament at present—and I cannot detach General Glover’s Brigade either to New London or farther from this post than it now is. Our condition—the condition of the Enemy—their expectation of a reinforcement, and other considerations render it impracticable. I had received a Copy of Mr Lee’s & Mr Johnson’s Letters before—and I should hope the depredations the Enemy have already committed will satisfy the information. But I confess at the sametime I expect nothing either from their justice or their lenity; but from the measures you have pursued for the defence of New London, I should hope it will be secure against their ravages—as an attempt to destroy it, though it might possibly succeed, would in all probability be attended with the loss of a good Many men.
        With respect to a Field piece for Colo. Mead—I would take the liberty to suggest, that Horseneck appears to me, to be a most ineligible

place for Artillery—and that any employed there—without a great body of Troops to cover it, would be eminently exposed and it’s loss almost certain in case of a surprize or a rapid movement in force by the Enemy. I would not myself send Field pieces there—with any light detachments—I might have occasion to station in that Quarter. I have the Honor to be with sentiments of the most perfect respect & esteem Yr Excellys Most Obedt sert

          G.W.


Title: General Orders, 11 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Moores-House [West Point]Wednesday Augt 11th 79.
          Parole Navarrino—  C. Signs Newburgh. Nile.

        At a division General Court-Martial held in the Connecticutt line the 9th instant, Lieutenant Coll Hait President, Daniel Johnston of the 8th Connecticutt regiment was tried for, “Repeated Desertion from the Army, changing his name deserting to the enemy and being a Spy”—found guilty of repeated desertion, of changing his name and of deserting to the enemy but not guilty of being a Spy and

sentenced (upwards of two thirds of the Court agreeing thereto) to suffer death.
        The Commander in Chief confirms the sentence.
        Lieutt Colonel Sprout is appointed Sub-Inspector in the Army & is to be accordingly obeyed and respected.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Theodorick Bland, 11 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Bland, Theodorick

          Sir
          West-point 11 Augt 1779.

        Major General Philips and Major General Baron de Riedisel with his lady, and the gentlemen composing their respective families have permission to go into New-York on parole. You will be pleased therefore to notify them of this and furnish the Generals with a copy of the inclosed route—That it may be strictly observed, and to prevent, as much as possible, the consequences that might arise from their travelling the country, alone, you will direct a sensible and discreet officer to attend them. Should they go seperately or set out at different times one with each general will be necessary.
        They may be informed that the commissary of prisoners will take their paroles at Elizabeth Town and procure them a safe pass-port to New-york. I am Sir &c.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 11 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

          Sir,
          Head Quarters West Point Aug. 11th 1779

        Major General Baron De Steuben who will deliver you this, sets out tomorrow morning, on his journey to Providence, with intention to make the necessary arrangements relative to his department with the troops under your command. I have no doubt you will afford him every aid in your power to complete them as speedily as possible and to carry the regulations into effect. The importance of the institution at the head of which this Gentleman is placed and the essential benefits which the service has derived from his exertions have procured him the general esteem and confidence of the army; and I am persuaded will insure him every attention in your power and your heartiest cooperation. I am Sir Your most Obedient servant

          Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 11 August 1779
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

          Dear General.
          Mandavilles [Dutchess County, N.Y.]Augst 11th 1779

        I have been honored with your two favors of yesterday, General Parsons went down towards the Sound the last night in order to obtain the best Intelligence from Long Island—Confer with Genls Howe Glover &c. and to direct the proposed attempt on Lloyds Neck if it should from Circumstances appear advisible, I shall from Time to Time acquaint your Excellency on that Head as Intelligence may be Sent to me.
        I have Sent off a Serjeant and four men to apprehend Rifienbarack if to be found.
        I send a Deserter from the Navy, he reports that the French have Drubbed the English in the west Indies. I have the honor to be very respectfully your Excellencys most obedient Sert

          W. Heath


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Michael Jackson, 11 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jackson, Michael

          Sir,
          Head Qrs West Point Augus[t] 11th 1779

        Colo. Meade has shewn me your letter concerning Doctor Scot. It appears by Doctor Cockrans certificate that he was regularly appointed and as by the establishment of the medical department, the appointment and dismission of the Regimental surgeons belong to the Surgeon General, and the New arrangement was not intended to include these, he could not have been regularly superseded. He is therefore still to be considered as preserving his station in the Regiment till some further measures can be taken in the affair: But as you represent him to be unqualified for his office I shall direct Doctor Cochran to have him examin’d and retaind or dismis’d as his qualifications may justify. I am sir your most Ob. servant.


Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 11 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

          Sir
          West point August the 11 1779

        I had the honor some days ago to advise Your Excellency—that the Enemy had broke up their Camp at philips’s and retired below Kingsbridge. Since this I have used every means in my power to gain information of their designs and future operations, but as yet they remain intirely secret. It is certain, or at least the intelligence comes thro so many and such direct channels that it seems unquestionable, that they have been and are busily employed in repairing and strength[en]ing all the Works on the Island of New York. It would also appear from

the enquiries and declarations of Lord Cornwallis—according to the intelligence from James Yard transmitted to Congress by His Excellency Govr Reed, that his Lordship expected, Admiral Arbuthnot had arrived at New York with a considerable fleet and a large reinforcement of Troops when Yard left it. And from what I have heard, it was the expectation of the Officers captured at Stony point that there would be a large reinforct—and that Sir Henry Clinton’s operations would be offensive and pushed with great vigor. There are sundry other accounts agreeing with these One of very recent date from New York—and very particular—in which it is said a very large number of Troops is daily looked for and that the Enemy mean to make a vigorous and they hope—a decisive Campaign—As I have already observed—I have not been able to gain a satisfactory knowledge of their intentions—nor can I pretend to fix the extent of the reinforcement the Enemy may receive or what will be their system of Operation; their enquiries extend to our Magazines—our mode of supplies—the condition of the roads between New Windsor & Easton &ca &ca; but I will take the liberty to suggest that it will certainly be right in us, to prepare in the best and earliest manner that circumstances will admit of, for every and any contingency. Unhappily, it must be confessed that our Batallions in general are exceedingly deficient in their complement of Men—that many scarcely deserve the name—and I fear there is no good ground to hope that they will be on a more respectable footing—or at least in any reasonable time. Having as yet out of 2000 Recruits to be furnished by the State of Massachusetts recd only 875 from Connecticut not more than 20 and from other States few or none—except New York wch have joind that part of the Army undr M. Genl Sullivan. The only succour then that we can expect in case of exigency, must be derived from the Militia. From this view of things—I would humbly submit it to Congress—whether it may not be expedient for them to make an early requisition to the Several States—or at least to such of them, as may not be too remote from the most probable scene of Action, to take immediate measures for arranging their Militia—and putting them in a condition to reinforce the Army for such time and in such numbers as the exigency of Affairs may demand—and to point out the mode of application. This measure appears to me essential—for should the Enemy’s present force at York be augmented to any great degree by the arrival of fresh Troops—or should the whole they now have on the Continent, be drawn together, which agreable to some intelligence is to be done, in either case, without some previous arrangements on our part, the consequences at least might be very disagreable.
        But while I am suggesting the expediency of an Arrangement of

the Militia, by which early succour may be given to the Army, Other matters of equal moment and equally deserving attention presented themselves—and on which the proportion of aid from the Militia must in a great degree depend. These are the difficulties with which Supplies of flour are obtained in the first instance—and of getting it afterwards to the Army. From the several Accounts of a reinforcement expected by the Enemy—and other considerations⟨,⟩ I have been led in the course of a few days past to speak with the Quarter Master & Commissary General upon these subjects, as they concerned their respective Departments. The latter informed me that from the backwardness and reluctance of the Farmers to part with their Wheat or to have it manufactured into flour—he was much put to it to supply the Troops now in the field, without forming any Magazines; and the Former, that he was equally pushed to provide the means of transportation. Hence it seems, that unless some mode can be devised to encrease and facilitate the supplies of this Article—both in the purchase and the transportation, the consequences of calling in or not calling in aid from the Militia, will be almost equally bad. I mention these matters from duty and necessity & I am convinced, Congress will pursue every measure in their power that will remove the difficulties or contribute in the smallest degree to facilitate the supplies. If this cannot be effected—if the Farmers either withold their Wheat or refuse to part with it when manufactured into flour—and ⟨if⟩ some more substantial—easy—and Systematical mode to aid the transportation of necessaries to the Army, is not adopted more generally by the States than what commonly prevails—it really appears from the representation of those Two Gentlemen that we shall have much to apprehend and particularly so if the Operations on the part of the Enemy should be pushed with vigor.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Smallwood, 11 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Smallwood, William

          Dr Sir
          West point August the 11: 1779

        I transmit You three Letters No. 1—2 & 3 from Mr Bedlow at New Windsor—by which you will perceive the conduct of which Mr Geery One of the Assistant Clothiers at Newburg, is suspected or said to be guilty. As I am determined to inquire into all such practices and to prevent them as far as possible—I must request the favor of you as you are at Windsor to send for Aaron Fairchild, who is mentioned in Mr Belknap’s Letter No. 4 as a Waiter to Geery—and examine him as to the Goods & the time of delivery; and I must farther request that after this, you will desire Mr Hanson in my name who seems to be superior in the Cloathing business to Geery, to shew you his Entries of Issues about that time—that you may see whether any and what Articles are charged to Geery. If you are satisfied that he has had the bulk of the Articles mentioned in the Letters—you will direct him whether they are charged or not in positive and explicit Terms to return them to the Store. In such case it will have been a high piece of presumption & arrogance in him to say no worse—when the whole line of Officers were in such distress for Necessaries to help himself so lavishly. Mr Belknap seems rather to wish that he may not be called upon in this affair—and you will indulge him if you find you can make the necessary inquiries without him. I am Dr Sir with great regard & esteem Yr Most Obedt sert

          G. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major Benjamin Tallmadge, 11 August 1779
From: Tallmadge, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

          Sir
          Ridgfield [Conn.] Augt 11th 1779

        Agreeable to your Excellency’s Directions the dismounted Dragoons of our Regt have joined us at this place some time ago. We have been anxiously waiting for Arms, which we expected to have drawn near Hd Qrs—Disappointed in this an order was given to obtain them from the Magazine at Litchfield. An Officer was sent to receive them, but finding none at that place proceeded on to Springfield, & is finally returning without any. I am extremely anxious to have the men properly armed, for which purpose Capt. Edgar who will Commd them goes with this letter to Hd Qrs to receive your Excellency’s further directions.
        Since it is probable we may always have a part of the Regt acting on foot, I conclude there can be no objections to our filling up the Regt as soon as possible. Tho’ the Infantry have had recruiting orders the last winter, we have recd none, I conclude on acct of the difficulty attending the purchase as well as support of horses. There are some inducements to engage in a Corps of horse, in the Eyes of most People, which the Infantry have not. The Officers & men who have just come in from the Country, dismounted, inform me that during the late draught of men to serve in the Infantry, more than 100 men might have been easily engaged in this Regt during the war. I have mentioned the matter to Genl Howe who thinks it worth attending to immediately. If your Excellency should be of the same opinion we would attend to the matter after receiving the proper instructions. I am &c.

          B.T.


Title: General Orders, 12 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Moores-House [West Point]Thursday Augt 12th 1779.
          Parole Picardy.  C. Signs Pico Spain.

        It having been reported to the Commander in Chief that Persons not properly licensed are selling liquors in the Garrison & in boats on the river as well to the injury of the health of the soldiery as to the Subversion of good order and discipline; Major General McDougall will immediately take effectual measures to have all liquors seized which shall be found for sale in the hands of any persons as above described who have not proper authority for the purpose either from the former or present Commandant of the Garrison or in the mode prescribed by the General order of the 16th of April 1778.
        These seizures to be deposited with the Commissary for the use of the army.
        The officers commanding divisions will do the same within the limits of their respective divisions.
        At a General Court Martial of the line whereof Coll Jackson was President held at West-Point July 13th 1779 and by different adjournments to the 4th instant, Lieutenant Colonel Loring of the 3rd Massachusetts regiment was tried upon the following charges: 1st “For furloughing a number of men belonging to the regiment directly contrary to His Excellency General Washington’s orders, by which the public service is greatly injured.
        2ndly For disposing of Articles which he drew out of the public clothing store (for the use of the officers) to private persons at a very great advance.
        3rdly For detaining the Surgeon’s Mate (in the absence of the Surgeon, when on furlough) with twenty effective men at Crom-Pond as a guard to him, when at that time the regiment was ordered on command to Harrison’s Purchase; Also detaining one man to bake for General Huntington’s brigade (then at Crom-Pond); The profit arising therefrom he converted to himself.
        4thly For defrauding the soldiers of part of their rations in ordering thirty two pounds of flour to be stopped from every hundred, drawn for the use of the regiment & converting two barrels of superfine flour to his own use which was drawn for the regiment, and returning very bad in lieu thereof.
        5thly For refusing an officer or officers any money to recruit men, which he drew for that purpose to the great injury of the recruiting service.”
        After mature deliberation, the Court are of opinion that Lieutenant

Colonel Loring is not guilty of the 1st charge exhibited against him, as there does not appear to have been any order of His Excellency the Commander in Chief’s issued, tho’ there appears to have been a greater number of men furloughed than allowed by Major General McDougall’s orders; and for the doing of which he justifies himself by Major General McDougall’s certificate; Also of the 2nd and 5th charges and the latter part of the 3rd (viz.) “For detaining one man to bake for General Huntington’s brigade then at Crom-Pond, the profits arising therefrom he converted to himself.”
        But the Court judge Lieutenant Colonel Loring guilty of the 1st part of the 3rd charge (viz.) “Detaining the Surgeon’s Mate (in the absence of the Surgeon when on furlough) with twenty effective men at Crom-Pond as a guard to him, when at that time the regiment was ordered on command to Harrison’s Purchase,” and of the 4th charge exhibited against him which are a breach of the 5th Article of the 18th Section of the Articles of War and do adjudge him to be dismissed the service of the United-States of North-America and that he make restitution to Colonel Greaton’s regiment for all the flour and bread which he has defrauded them of.
        His Excellency the Commander in Chief confirms the sentence of the Court and orders it to take place immediately.


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 12 August 1779
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

          Dear General
          Mandavilles [Dutchess County, N.Y.]Augst 12th 1779

        In Consequence of receiving the inclosed Letter this morning from Major General Howe I have detached from the Connecticut Line Lt Colo. Gray Major Cleft and four Companies of 41 rank & File each, properly officered; to march with all possible Expedition to Stanford to be ready should an attempt on the Enemy be thought adviseable, would request the return of Genl Howes Letter when your Excellency has done with it. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect your Excellencys most Obedient Servt

          W. Heath


Title: From George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 12 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

          Dr Sir
          Head Qrs west-point 12 Augt 1779.

        Such cases as you have mentioned in your letter of the 11th inst. must frequently occur—We have however endeavoured, to avoid considering the citizens of the States as proper subjects of either military capture or exchange. The operation of this principle would be wholly in favor of the enemy. However when circumstances make it necessary to enter upon such an exchange, it should be made by the government to which the citizen may belong. I am &c.

          G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Elijah Hunter, 12 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Hunter, Elijah

          Sir
          Hd Qrs Wt Pt Augt 12th 1779

        I rec’d your favor of the 8th inst. with Col. Tarletons letter inclosed—I now return it to you with my thanks.
        Inclosed you will find a return of the troops fit for duty under my immediate command—For the reasons I mentioned to you the other day I have not the least objection to our real strength being known—and it will be well for you to inform that you came by the knowledge of it from inquiry and your own observations of the troops when under arms upon which you formed an average estimate of the force of each regiment in the different Brigades—to give your accot, the greater air of probability you may observe that the Officers are very incautious in speaking of the strength of their regiments. As the amount of the inclosed return exceeds that which I showed you when here, you may be at a loss how to accot, for it—In that was included only such troops as are on this spot—to the present one is added those under the command of Lord Stirling Genl Howe & the Light Infantry.
        There are about 3000 Levies coming on from Massachusetts & Connecticut—500 of which are already arrived.
        With respect to our magazines of provision, I have made it an invariable rule as far as it could be effected to disperse them not only for the accommodation of the army, but that they might not become an object with the enemy—Our principal deposits however are at albany New Windsor Chester & Pittstown.

        The horses generally speaking are in good order, particularly those of the artillery, having been for many weeks unemployed.
        For your information of the Minisink affair I inclose you a news paper which contains an accot of it. I am Sr Yrs &ca

          G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel John Lamb, 12 August 1779
From: Lamb, John
To: Washington, George

          Sir,
          Fishkills [N.Y.] 12th August 1779

        As Lt Isaac Guion, has been Elected Paymaster, Lt Joseph Ashton, Adjutant (vice, Lt Isaac Hubbell) and Lt Chilion Ford, Quarter Master, to the Regt under my Command; on the 1st Instant; I beg leave to recommend them, to your Excellency, & request it may be inserted in General Orders.
        As I conceive myself greatly injured, by the Board of General Officers, appointed to settle the Rank of the Officers of Artillery; I must

beg your Excellency’s permission to resign; This Step I can with great truth assure your Excellency, I take, with the greatest reluctance; After making such a Sacrifice, of Time, Health, & Property, as I have done, by being in the Service.
        I shall ever retain, the most grateful Sense, of your Excellency’s tenderness, and attention to me, respecting my Appointment, to the Regt at a time, when I was neglected, by the Public by being, a Prisoner with the Enemy. Wishing your Excellency, every Species of Earthly felicity, & a succession of honors, I beg leave to subscribe, myself, with the greatest Respect, your Excellency’s Most Obdt Hume Servt.


Title: From George Washington to Major Henry Lee, Jr., 12 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Henry Jr.

          Dr Sir
          Head Quarters West-point 12th Augt 1779.

        You will see by the inclosed letter to Lord Stirling, which you will be pleased to deliver him, the footing upon which the affair is placed. If upon confering with him, the enterprise is judged elegible, it will be carried into execution. I am Dr Sir Your most hble servt.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Stephen Moylan, 12 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Moylan, Stephen

          Dear Sir,
          West-point Augt 12th 79

        Mrs Moylans illness will readily obtain my consent to your being absent from the army a fortnight, provided a movement of the enemy should not require your presence sooner. General Howe should be made acquainted with your absence.
        The sum you speak of as having expended for secret Services surprizes me exceedingly, because I do not call to mind ever having empowered you to lay out money for such purposes, nor do I recollect ever to have received any intelligence of an extraordinary nature from you differing in any respect from that which every Officer at an advanced Post, or removed from the main army regularly obtained (by his own observation & industry, or from the Inhabitants) & transmitted to head Qrs—and because the Sum exceeds the aggregate of the charges of all the Officers of the whole line for services of this kind, although some of them have been appointed, and attended to this particular business.

        Under these circumstances, and as a public Officer, my duty obliges me to call for such an acct as will justifie my conduct in ordering payment. with esteem & regard I am Dr Sir Yr Most obedt Servt

          Go: Washington