Title: From George Washington to United States Congress, 7 December 1796
From: Washington, George
To: United States Congress

                            House of RepresentativesFellow Citizens of
                                the Senate, and of the House of Representatives
                                     Decemr 7th 1796

                        In recurring to the internal situation of our Country since I had last the
                            pleasure to address you, I find ample reason for a renewed expression of that gratitude to
                            the Ruler of the Universe, which a continued series of prosperity has so often and so justly
                            called forth.
                        The acts of the last session, which required special arrangements, have been,
                            as far as circumstances would admit, carried into operation.
                        Measures calculated to ensure a continuance of the friendship of the Indians,
                            and to preserve peace along the extent of our interior frontier, have been digested and
                            adopted. In the framing of these, care has been taken to guard, on the one hand, our
                            advanced settlements from the predatory incursions of those unruly individuals, who cannot
                            be restrained by their Tribes; and on the other hand, to protect the rights secured to the
                            Indians by treaty; to draw them nearer to the civilised state; and inspire them with correct
                            conceptions of the power, as well as justice of the Government.

                        The meeting of the deputies from the Creek nation at Colerain, in the State of
                            Georgia, which had for a principal object the purchase of a parcel of their land by that
                            State, broke up without it’s being accomplished; the nation having previous to their
                            departure instructed them against making any sale; the occasion however has been improved to
                            confirm by a new treaty with the Creeks, their pre-existing engagements with the United
                            States; and to obtain their consent to the establishment of trading houses, and military
                            posts within their boundary; by means of which, their friendship and the general peace may
                            be more effectually secured.
                        The period during the late session at which the appropriation was passed, for
                            carrying into effect the treaty of Amity, Commerce and Navigation between the United States
                            and his Britannic Majesty, necessarily procrastinated the reception of the posts stipulated
                            to be delivered, beyond the date assigned for that event. As soon however as the Governor
                            General of Canada could be addressed with propriety on the subject, arrangements were
                            cordially and promptly concluded for their evacuation, and the United States took possession
                            of the principal of them, comprehending Oswego, Niagara, Detroit, Michelimakinac and Fort
                            Miami, where such repairs and additions have been ordered to be made as appeared
                            indispensible.

                        The Commissioners appointed on the part of the United States and of Great
                            Britain, to determine which is the river St Croix, mentioned in the treaty of peace of 1783,
                            agreed in the choice of Egbert Benson Esqr. of New York, for the third Commissioner. The
                            whole met at St Andrews, in Passamaquoddy bay, in the beginning of October, and directed
                            surveys to be made of the rivers in dispute; but deeming it impracticable to have these
                            surveys completed before the next year, they adjourned, to meet at Boston in August 1797,
                            for the final decision of the question.
                        Other Commissioners appointed on the part of the United States, agreeably to
                            the seventh article of the treaty with Great Britain, relative to captures and condemnation
                            of vessels and other property, met the Commissioners of his britannic Majesty in London, in
                            August last, when John Trumbull Esqr. was chosen by lot, for the fifth Commissioner. In
                            October following the board were to proceed to business. As yet, there has been no
                            communication of Commissioners on the part of Great Britain, to unite with those who have
                            been appointed on the part of the United States, for carrying into effect the sixth article
                            of the Treaty.

                        The Treaty with Spain required that the Commissioners for running the boundary
                            line between the territory of the United States and his Catholic Majesty’s Provinces of East
                            and West Florida, should meet at the Natchez before the expiration of  six months after
                            the exchange of the ratifications, which was effected at Aranjuez on the 25th day of April;
                            and the troops of his Catholic Majesty occupying any posts within the limits of the United
                            States, were within the same period to be withdrawn. The Commissioner of the United States,
                            therefore, commenced his journey for the Natchez in September, and troops were ordered to
                            occupy the posts from which the Spanish garrisons should be withdrawn. Information has been
                            recently received of the appointment of a Commissioner on the part of his Catholic Majesty
                            for running the boundary line; but none of any appointment for the adjustment of the claims
                            of our citizens whose vessels were captured by the armed vessels of Spain.
                        In pursuance of the act of Congress passed in the last session, for the
                            protection and relief of American seamen, agents were appointed, one to reside in Great
                            Britain, and the other in the West Indies. The effects of the agency in the West Indies are
                            not yet fully ascertained; but those which have been communicated afford grounds to believe
                            the measure will be beneficial. The agent destined to reside in Great Britain declining to
                            accept the appointment, the business has consequently devolved on the Minister of the United
                            States in London, and will command his attention, until a new agent shall be appointed.

                        After many delays and disappointments, arising out of the European war, the
                            final arrangements for fulfilling the engagements made to the Dey and Regency of Algiers,
                            will, in all present appearance, be crowned with success; but under great, though inevitable
                            disadvantages in the pecuniary transactions, occasioned by that war; which will render a
                            further provision necessary. The actual liberation of all our citizens who were prisoners in
                            Algiers, while it gratifies every feeling heart, is itself an earnest, of a satisfactory
                            termination of the whole negotiation. Measures are in operation for effecting Treaties with
                            the Regencies of Tunis and Tripoli.
                        To an active external commerce, the protection of a naval force is
                            indispensible. This is manifest with regard to Wars in which a State is itself a party. But
                            besides this, it is in our own experience, that the most sincere neutrality is not a
                            sufficient guard against the depredations of nations at war. To secure respect to a neutral
                            flag, requires a naval force, organized and ready to vindicate it from insult or aggression.
                            This may even prevent the necessity of going to war, by discouraging belligerent powers from
                            committing such violations of the rights of the neutral party as may first or last, leave no
                            other option. From the best information I have been able to obtain, it would seem as if our
                            trade to the Mediterranean without a protecting force will always be insecure, and our
                            citizens exposed to the calamities from which numbers of them have but just been relieved.

                        These considerations invite the United States to look to the means, and to set
                            about the gradual creation of a navy. The increasing progress of their navigation promises
                            them, at no distant period, the requisite supply of seamen; and their means in other
                            respects favour the undertaking. It is an encouragement likewise, that their particular
                            situation will give weight and influence to a moderate naval force in their hands. Will it
                            not then be advisable to begin without delay, to provide and lay up the materials for the
                            building and equipping of ships of war; and to proceed in the work by degrees, in proportion
                            as our resources shall render it practicable without inconvenience; so that a future war of
                            Europe may not find our commerce in the same unprotected state, in which it was found by the
                            present?

                        Congress have repeatedly, and not without success, directed their attention to
                            the encouragement of manufactures. The object is of too much consequence not to ensure a
                            continuance of their efforts in every way which shall appear eligible. As a general rule,
                            manufactures on public account are inexpedient. But where the state of things in a country
                            leaves little hope that certain branches of manufacture will, for a great length of time,
                            obtain; when these are of a nature essential to the furnishing and equipping of the public
                            force in time of war; are not establishments for procuring them on public account to the extent of the ordinary demand for the public service,
                            recommended by strong considerations of national policy, as an exception to the general
                            rule? Ought our country to remain in such cases dependant on foreign supply, precarious,
                            because liable to be interrupted? If the necessary articles should in this mode cost more in
                            time of peace, will not the security and independence thence arising, form an ample
                            compensation? Establishments of this sort, commensurate only with the calls of the public
                            service in time of peace, will, in time of war, easily be extended in proportion to the
                            exigencies of the Government; and may even perhaps be made to yield a surplus for the supply
                            of our citizens at large; so as to mitigate the privations from the interruption of their
                            trade. If adopted, the plan ought to exclude all those branches which are already, or likely
                            soon to be established in the country; in order that there may be no danger of interference
                            with pursuits of individual industry.

                        It will not be doubted, that with reference either to individual or national
                            welfare, Agriculture is of primary importance. In proportion as nations advance in
                            population, and other circumstances of maturity, this truth becomes more apparent; and
                            renders the cultivation of the soil more and more an object of public patronage.
                            Institutions for promoting it, grow up supported by the public purse: and to what object can
                            it be dedicated with greater propriety? Among the means which have been employed to this
                            end, none have been attended with greater success, than the establishment of Boards,
                            composed of proper characters, charged with collecting and diffusing information, and
                            enabled by premiums and small pecuniary aids, to encourage and assist a spirit of discovery
                            and improvement. This species of establishment contributes doubly to the increase of
                            improvement; by stimulating to enterprise and experiment; and by drawing to a common centre
                            the results every where, of individual skill and observation, and spreading them thence over
                            the whole nation. Experience accordingly has shewn, that they are very cheap instruments of
                            immense national benefits.
                        I have heretofore proposed to the consideration of Congress, the expediency of
                            establishing a National University; and also a Military Academy. The desireableness of both
                            these Institutions, has so constantly increased with every new view I have taken of the
                            subject, that I cannot omit the opportunity of once for all, recalling your attention to
                            them.
                        The assembly, to which I address myself, is too enlightened not to be fully
                            sensible how much a flourishing state of the arts and sciences contributes to national
                            prosperity and reputation. True it is, that our country, much to its honour, contains many
                            seminaries of learning highly respectable and useful; but the funds upon which they rest,
                            are too narrow to command the ablest professors in the different departments of liberal
                            knowledge, for the Institution contemplated; though they would be excellent auxiliaries.

                        Amongst the motives to such an Institution, the assimilation of the principles,
                            opinions and manners of our countrymen, by the common education of a portion of our Youth
                            from every quarter, well deserves attention. The more homogeneous our citizens can be made
                            in these particulars, the greater will be our prospect of permanent union; and a primary
                            object of such a national institution should be, the education of our Youth in the science
                            of Government. In a Republic, what species of knowledge can be
                            equally important? and what duty more pressing on its Legislature, than to patronize a plan
                            for communicating it to those, who are to be the future guardians of the liberties of the
                            country?
                        The institution of a Military Academy, is also recommended by cogent reasons.
                            However pacific the general policy of a nation may be, it ought never to be without an
                            adequate stock of military knowledge for emergencies. The first would impair the energy of
                            its character, and both would hazard its safety, or expose it to greater evils when war
                            could not be avoided. Besides, that war might often not depend upon its own choice. In
                            proportion as the observance of pacific maxims might exempt a nation from the necessity of
                            practicing the rules of the miltary art, ought to be its care in preserving and transmitting
                            by proper establishments, the knowledge of that art. Whatever argument may be drawn from
                            particular examples, superficially viewed; a thorough examination of the subject will
                            evince, that the art of war is at once comprehensive and complicated; that it demands much
                            previous study; and that, the possession of it, in its most improved and perfect state, is
                            always of great moment to the security of a nation. This, therefore, ought to be a serious
                            care of every Government; and for this purpose, an academy, where a regular course of
                            instruction is given, is an obvious expedient, which different nations have successfully
                            employed.

                        The compensations to the officers of the United States, in various instances,
                            and in none more than in respect to the most important stations, appear to call for
                            Legislative revision. The consequences of a defective provision are of serious import to the
                            Government. If private wealth is to supply the defect of public retribution, it will greatly
                            contract the sphere within which the selection of character for office is to be made; and
                            will proportionally diminish the probability of a choice of men able as well as upright.
                            Besides that it would be repugnant to the vital principles of our Government, virtually to
                            exclude from public trusts talents and virtue, unless accompanied by wealth.
                        While in our external relations, some serious inconveniencies and
                            embarrassments have been overcome, and others lessened, it is with much pain, and deep
                            regret I mention, that circumstances of a very unwelcome nature, have lately occurred. Our
                            trade has suffered, and is suffering extensive injuries in the West-Indies, from the
                            Cruisers, and agents of the French Republic; and communications have been received from its
                            Minister here, which indicate the danger of a further disturbance of our Commerce by its
                            authority; and which are, in other respects, far from agreeable.

                        It has been my constant, sincere and earnest wish, in conformity with that of
                            our nation, to maintain cordial harmony, and a perfectly friendly understanding with that
                            Republic. This wish remains unabated; and I shall persevere in the endeavour to fulfil it,
                            to the utmost extent of what shall be consistent with a just, and indispensable regard to
                            the rights and honor of our Country: nor will I easily cease to cherish the expectation,
                            that a spirit of justice, candour and friendship, on the part of the Republic, will
                            eventually ensure success.
                        In pursuing this course, however, I cannot forget what is due to the character
                            of our Government and nation; or to a full and entire confidence in the good sense,
                            patriotism, self-respect, and fortitude of my countrymen.
                        I reserve for a special message, a more particular communication on this
                            interesting subject.Gentlemen of the House of Representatives.

                            I have directed an estimate of the appropriations necessary for the service
                                of the ensuing year, to be submitted from the proper department; with a view of the
                                public receipts and expenditures to the latest period to which an account can be
                                prepared.
                            It is with satisfaction I am able to inform you, that the Revenues of the
                                United States continue in a state of progressive improvement.

                            A reinforcement of the existing provisions for discharging our public debt,
                                was mentioned in my address at the opening of the last session. Some preliminary steps
                                were taken towards it, the maturing of which will, no doubt, engage your zealous
                                attention during the present. I will only add, that it will afford me a heart-felt
                                satisfaction to concur in such further measures, as will ascertain to our Country the
                                prospect of a speedy extinguishment of the Debt. Posterity may have cause to regret, if
                                from any motive, intervals of tranquillity are left unimproved for accelerating this
                                valuable end.Gentlemen of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives.

                            My solicitude to see the Militia of the United States placed on an
                                efficient establishment, has been so often, and so ardently expressed, that I shall but
                                barely recall the subject to your view on the present occasion; at the same time that I
                                shall submit to your enquiry, whether our Harbours are yet sufficiently secured.
                            The situation in which I now stand, for the last time, in the midst of the
                                Representatives of the People of the United States, naturally recals the period when the
                                administration of the present form of Government commenced; and I cannot omit the
                                occasion to congratulate you, and my country, on the success of the experiment;
                                nor to repeat my fervent supplications, to the Supreme Ruler of the Universe, and
                                Sovereign Arbiter of Nations, that his Providential care may still be extended to the
                                United States; that the virtue and happiness of the People, may be preserved; and that
                                the Government, which they have instituted, for the protection of their liberties, may
                                be perpetual.

                        Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Charles Lee, 7 December 1796
From: Lee, Charles
To: Washington, George

                             7th decr 1796

                        The attorney General will observe the only objection which has occurred to him
                            against the President’s putting his signature to a letter such as the foregoing is that it
                            is not usual for the President to correspond but by the channel of certain officers and
                            the commissioners are the proper persons on common occasions which concern the city. But as
                            this letter is not addressed to an individual, but to the sovereign power of a state, the
                            objection may be disregarded if the President shall think it expedient, to write upon the
                            subject.

                            Charles Lee


Title: To George Washington from William Graham, 7 December 1796
From: Graham, William
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,Liberty Hall Dec. 7th 1796.

                        We have lately heard of your generous, & disinterested conduct in
                            refusing, as private emolument, the shares in the Patomak and James’ River Companies
                            presented to you by the Legislature of Virginia, as a testimony of their approbation &
                            gratitude. We have also been informed of the wise, and benificent purposes to which you would have the profits arising from these shares applied; the
                            endowment of a Seminary, on the waters of each of these Rivers, for the education of Youth;
                            & that you referred the appropriation of the shares in the James’ River Company to
                            the wisdom of the Legislature of Virginia, who, after deliberating upon the important
                            subject, agreed that the whole should be appropriated to one Seminary Up the country; but
                            some difference of opinion arising respecting the particular place to which it should be
                            applied—referred the ultimate decision to your Excellency. Supposing our information just,
                            we are constrained by the duty we owe the Public, as well as the Seminary we have long had
                            the honor to patronize, to address you upon this very interesting subject. And here we
                            cannot think it proper to pray you to grant the donation, for the support of Education in
                            this seminary, as a matter of honor or emolument to ourselves, or of emolument to the
                            Vicinity where it stands: this would be selfish and invidious, & inconsistent with
                            the feelings of that mind which always overlooks private interest to embrace &
                            secure the public good: We beg leave to state only a few facts for your Excellency’s information
                            that you may be enabled to decide the important question with greater precision. From a
                            conviction of the necessity of a public Seminary to complete the education of Youth in this
                            upper part of the State, as early as the year Seventy six, a seminary (before conducted in
                            these parts under the form of a Grammar school) received the nominal Title of an Academy;
                            and money was collected to purchase the beginnings of a Library, & some of the most
                            essential parts of a mathematical & philosophical apparatus. The question then was
                            where the Seminary should be fixed. Staunton was proposed by some to be the proper place;
                            being the most ancient & populous Town, and nearest the centre of population, in the
                            upper part of the State, as it then stood. But considering that a public Seminary, which was
                            to be of permament duration, and general utility, ought not to be affected by local
                            circumstances, arising from temporary causes; and viewing the extensive lands, upon the
                            drains of Holstein to the South West, & of the Kanaway to the West, we were of
                            opinion that the time was not far distant when the population upon these lands would equal
                            if not exceed the population upon the drains of the Patomak to the North East, upon one of
                            which drains Staunton stands—we therefore considered the waters of James’ River as forming a
                            kind of natural and common centre: We also felt a conviction that the extensive, and fertile
                            lands upon this Stream would, at a period not far remote, point out the necessity, and
                            practicability, of rendering its branches navigable above the mountains; & we have
                            been happy in seeing our expectations realizing every day.
                        From these considerations we concluded that some spot in that track which is
                            now Rockbridge County would be the proper place; We therefore organized the Seminary, and
                            set it in motion, hoping that the public would one day aid our exertions, and enable us to
                            perfect what had been honestly begun. Thro’ the calamaties of a long and dangerous war, and
                            the deceptions of a paper currency, together with other misfortunes, very considerable
                            obstructions were experienced; but being happy in able, and dilligent Teachers, we were
                            enabled to preserve the Academy in a state of considerable reputation: In the year eighty two
                            we were aided by an act of incorporation, from our State Legislature which was the first
                            that was granted after the Revolution.
                        In the year ninety three it became necessary to fix upon the spot where
                            permament buildings should be erected—which was determined to be in that fine tract of
                            country known by the name of the Woods’ Creek lands, in the Forks of James’ River, one mile from the navigation of the North branch, and on an eminence
                            about three quarters of a mile from Lexington, so that whilst the Academy enjoys an
                            extensive prospect of the circumjacent country and a full view of the Town it possesses,
                            agreeably to the great design of its institution, a calm and undisturbed retirement for
                            study: The situation of the neighborhood for health and fertility as well as for
                            pleasantness yields to no high lands in the upper parts of the State.
                        If we have had accurate information of the state of the dispute (as it lately
                            existed in our State-Legislature) concerning the fixing on a proper place, their general sentiment tended to confirm the propriety of our
                            original choice. It is said Fincastle on the one side and Staunton on the other were the
                            extremes which made any vigorous claim—Fincastle is situate 37 miles South west from Liberty
                            Hall; and Staunton 33 North east: Liberty Hall therefore is in the centre as near as local
                            circumstances would admit.
                        One fact more we would beg leave to mention—In the year ninety three by
                            voluntary contributions and some sacrafice of private property we were enabled to erect
                            plain but neat buildings sufficiently capacious to accommodate between 40 & 50
                            Students—The business of education is now in full train, and the Seminary in as high
                            reputation as could be expected without funds.
                        Many young Gentlemen have completed their education here who are now serving
                            their Country with reputation & usefulness in different professional departments;
                            and a number are at present collected from distant parts of the country for the same end.
                            The buildings and furniture of the Academy could not be estimated at much less than two
                            thousand pounds—If the seat of the Academy is changed the young Gentlemen must for some time
                            be interrupted in their studies, and the buildings totally lost, as they can be applied to
                            no other purpose—The destruction of so much property, procured with considerable
                            difficulty, unless a much greater preponderating good can be secured to the public, will
                            doubtless be seriously weighed. As the public good is the only object which can influence
                            your determination, it is unnecessary to add any thing farther, but, fully confiding in
                            your wisdom, we shall entirely acquiesce in your decision.
                        That all possible happiness present & future may attend your person and
                            every public blessing your administration is the desire & prayer of your
                            Excellency’s humble servts. By order—& in behalf of the Board

                            Wm Graham Ch.
                            Sam. Houston C.B.T.


Title: From George Washington to John Hoskins Stone, 7 December 1796
From: Washington, George
To: Stone, John Hoskins

                            Sir,
                            Philadelphia 7th December 1796

                        The attempts lately made by the Commissioners of the City of Washington to
                            borrow Money in Europe for the purpose of carrying on the public buildings having failed or
                            been retarded they have been authorised by me to apply to your State for a loan of One
                            hundred and fifty thousand Dollars upon terms which they will communicate. Such is the
                            present situation of foreign Nations with respect to Money, that according to the best
                            information there is no reasonable hope of obtaining a loan in any of them immediately and
                            applications can now only be made in the United States upon this subject with any prospect
                            of success and perhaps no where with greater propriety than to the Legislature of Maryland
                            where it must be presumed the most anxious solicitude is felt for the growth and prosperity
                            of that City which is intended for the permanent Seat of Government in America.

                        If the State has it in its power to lend the money which is solicited, I
                            persuade myself it will be done, and the more especially at this time when a loan is so
                            indispensable that without it not only very great and many impediments must be endured in
                            the prossecution of the Work now in hand, but inevitable loss must be sustained by the funds
                            of the City, in consequence of premature Sales of the public property—I have thought I
                            ought not to omit to State for the information of the General Assembly, as well the
                            difficulty of obtaining Money on loan, as the present necessity for it, which I must request
                            the favor of you most respectfully to communicate. With very great respect I am Sir Your
                            very Hble Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Jacob Van Vleck, 7 December 1796
From: Washington, George
To: Van Vleck, Jacob

                            Revd Sir,
                            Philadelphia 7th Decr 1796

                        The letter you were pleased to favour me with, relative to my (grand) niece
                            Maria Washington, was (a copy of it) sent to Mr Lear, who married her mother, and is her
                            guardian, with a request that he would ascertain the precise time for her entering the
                            School for young Ladies, under your auspices, at Bethlehem.
                        Enclosed you have his answer, & you have to decide whether the first of
                            April, or an earlier day will suit your purposes best, to receive the child. She is
                            fatherless & motherless; to have with her therefore the daughter of Colo. Ball, who
                            is the daughter of her father’s Sister also, would be very pleasing to the two girls, if it
                            could be made convenient to the School.
                        Your answer to these requests, if put under cover to me, shall be immediately
                            forward to Mr Lear, for his government. Before I conclude, I pray you to accept my thanks
                            for your ready consent to admit the child, in whose behalf I first applied; & for
                            the favourable Sentiments you have been pleased to express for Revd Sir Your Most Obedt and
                            obliged Hble Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Quincy Adams, 9 December 1796
From: Adams, John Quincy
To: Washington, George

                            Sir.
                            The Hague December 9. 1796.

                        I received at Amsterdam on the 5th instt the Letter which you did me the honour
                            to write me on the 12th of September, and immediately made enquiries to ascertain whether
                            there was at Amsterdam a person by the name of Sollingen. I could trace no such person, but
                            am informed that Sollingen near Dusseldorf in Germany is a place where there are noted
                            manufactures of arms and sword-cutlery. I have therefore written to an eminent manufacturer
                            of that place in order to discover the maker of the sword concerning which you are pleased
                            to favour me with your commands. I shall take the earliest possible opportunity to write
                            you, Sir, the result of my enquiries. I have the honour to be with every Sentiment of
                            veneration and attachment Sir, your very humble & obedient Servant

                            John Q. Adams


Title: To George Washington from William Fleming, 10 December 1796
From: Fleming, William
To: Washington, George

                            Dear sir,
                            Summerville 10th Decr 1796.

                        This will be handed you by my friend, mr William Claiborne junr who is at
                            present a judge of the superiour court in the state of Tennessee and who aspires to the
                            office of District judge of that state; where I spent several days, in a late tour through
                            the Western country. Mr Claiborne has much the respect and confidence of his fellow citizens
                            in that quarter; among whom he has been a very successful practitioner of the law for
                            several years: indeed his superior talents, great sobriety, and intense application to
                            business, distinguish him from the generality of young gentlemen of his age: and should he be
                            so fortunate as to succeed in his application, I am persuaded you will never have cause to
                            regret the appointment.

                        I hope sir you will pardon the liberty I have taken on this occasion, and while
                            the pen is yet in my hand, and you are about to retire to the enjoyment of domestick
                            tranquility, permit me to express my entire approbation, and admiration, of the wisdom,
                            ability, and firmness with which you have discharged the arduous duties of the most
                            important office in the United States, at a time when party—prejudice, interested views, and
                            (perhaps) resentment of supposed injuries, combining, are ever active in misrepresentations
                            to the people, and in unremitting endeavours to thwart a wise and just administration of one
                            of the best governments in the universe. With the highest veneration for your publick and
                            virtues, and most fervent prayers for your present and future happiness, I have the honor to
                            be, dear sir, Your obedient servant

                            Wm Fleming


Title: To George Washington from James McHenry, 10 December 1796
From: McHenry, James
To: Washington, George

                            Sir.
                             10 Decr 1796.

                        I have prepared every thing for the departure of the deputies of the Northern
                            Nations who will leave this City early on Monday morning. As they have expressed a desire of
                            taking leave of you to-day, if it should be convenient, I request you to mention the time,
                            when I will send them with Col. Mentges. With the greatest respect I have the honour to be
                            Sir Your most ob. St

                            James McHenry


Title: To George Washington from James McHenry, 10 December 1796
From: McHenry, James
To: Washington, George

                            War office 10 Decr 1796.

                        The Secry of war requests the Presidents signature to the inclosed advice which
                            was delivered to the deputies of the Western Indians the 29 Novr ulto. The Secry hopes to be
                            able to have them dismissed on Monday or tuesday.

                            James McHenry


Title: To George Washington from Isaac Tichenor, 10 December 1796
From: Tichenor, Isaac,Paine, Elijah
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Philidelphia Decr 10th 1796

                        We do ourselves the honor to enclose to you the copy of an Address passed by the
                            unanimous voice of the Council and General Assembly of the State of Vermont, together with
                            their Resolution relative thereto—We wish to be informed at what time and place you will be
                            pleased to receive the same—We are with sentiments of Respect your Obt and very
                                Humle Serts

                            Elijah Paine
                            Isaac Tichenor

                     Enclosure
                                                An ADDRESS from the Legislature of the State of Vermont—To the President
                                of the United States.Sir, 27 October 1796

                            From the unrecognized situation of this state, the Legislature had not an
                                opportunity, in common with her sister states, to anticipate, by an address, the
                                blessings which were expected from your administration. Permit us, now, with sincere
                                satisfaction, to assure you, that the event has justified the most sanguine hopes of the
                                Legislature of Vermont, and their constituents. When we contrast the gloomy aspect, both
                                of our domestic and foreign affairs, a few years since, with the flattering prospects
                                now before us, we at once appreciate the advantages which immediately result from our
                                general government; and the Justice, magnanimity and moderation, which has marked your
                                administration. Convinced of our true interest, you have successfully opposed faction,
                                and maintained that neutrality, so necessary to our national honor and peace. Accept,
                                Sir, the only acknowledgment in our power to make, or in yours to receive, the gratitude
                                of a free People. Ardently as we wish your continuance in public office, yet, when we
                                reflect on the years of anxiety you have spent in your country’s service, we must
                                reluctantly acquiesce in your wishes, and consent that you should pass the evening of
                                your days, in reviewing a well-spent life; and, looking forward, to scenes beyond the
                                grave, where our prayers shall ascend, for a complete reward, for all your services, in a
                                happy immortality.
                            We receive your address to your fellow citizens, as expressive of the
                                highest zeal for their prosperity, and containing the best advice to ensure its
                                continuance. We cannot, Sir, close this address (probably the last public communication
                                we may have occasion to make to you) without assuring you of our affection and respect.
                                May the shade of private life, be as grateful to you, as the splendor of your public
                                life, has been useful to your country! We shall recollect you with filial affection—your
                                advice as an inestimable legacy; and shall pride ourselves, in teaching our children the
                                importance of that advice and a humble imitation of your example.

                                State of Vermont.
                                In General Assembly October 25th 1796

                                Resolved unanimously, that the Governor and Council, be requested to
                                    concur in the foregoing Address to The President of the United States; And that the
                                    same be presented to the President, by the Senators in Congress from this State.

                                Extract from the Journals
                                Mr Richd Whitney Clerk
                                In Council, October 27th 1796
                                Read, and unanimously concurred

                                Attest. Truman Squier, Secretary.


Title: From George Washington to Richard Peters, 10 December 1796
From: Washington, George
To: Peters, Richard

                            Dear Sir,
                             10th Decr 1796

                        Herewith, you will not only receive the Outlines &ca (asked for
                            yesterday) but the Appendix thereto; and other productions from the same quarter; which, when
                            you have done with, be so good as to return.
                        These, or some of the Papers, may be of use to a Committee, if Congress should
                            incline to take up the subject of Agriculture.
                        Your observations, with the return of the Papers, will be very acceptable to Dr
                            Sir Yr Obed. & Affe

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Timothy Pickering, 10 December 1796
From: Pickering, Timothy
To: Washington, George

                            Department of State Decr 10. 1796.

                        The Secretary of State has the honour to lay before the President of the United
                            States the draught of a letter to Colo. Humphreys, with such of his communications as one
                            referred to and necessary to elucidate the remarks in the letter.
                        The Secretary who presents a letter from Joseph Sterlitz resident of New York,
                            communicating the request of his partner & uncle Philip Mark to be favoured with his
                            commission of Consul of the U.S. for Franconia, in Latin or German, none other being
                            admissible in that country; in consequence of which a commission in Latin has been made out,
                            bearing the date of the original in English.

                            Timothy Pickering


Title: From George Washington to John Sinclair, 10 December 1796
From: Washington, George
To: Sinclair, John

                            Sir
                            Philadelphia 10th Decr 1796

                        Since I had the honor of writing to you in June last, I have been favoured with
                            your letters of the 14th & 30th of May and 10th of September; accompanying the
                            additional appendix to the chapter on manures; your address to the Board of Agriculture; and
                            other valuable productions relative to that important subject.
                        For your goodness in sending them to me, I pray you to accept my best thanks and
                            regrets at the sametime for the inflamation in your eyes; which to a man as actively, and
                            as usefully employed in one of the most interesting pursuits that can occupy a rational mind
                            as you are must be doubly afflictive. If my wishes could contribute to a removal of the
                            malady, they would be offered with much Sincerity.
                        The result of the experiments entrusted to the care of Doctr Fordyer, must be
                            as curious as they may prove interesting to the Science of Husbandry. Not less so will be, an
                            intelligent solution of those queries relative to live stock, which are handed to the
                            public.

                        A few months more, say the third of March next—and the scenes of my political
                            life will close, & leave me in the shades of retirement; when, if a few years are allowed
                            me to enjoy it (many I cannot expect, being upon the verge of sixty five) and health is
                            continued to me, I shall peruse, with pleasure and edification, the fruits of your meritorious
                            labours, for the improvement of agriculture; and shall have leizure I trust, to realise some
                            of the useful discoveries which have been made in the Science of Husbandry—Patronised by
                            you, so much for the interest of mankind, & your own honor.
                        Until the above period shall have arrived, and particularly during the present
                            Session of Congress, which commenced the 5th instant, I can give but little attention to
                            matters out of the line of my immediate avocations: I did not, however, omit the occasion at
                            the opening of the Session, to call the attention of that body to the importance of
                            Agriculture. What will be the result I know not at present, but if it should be favourable,
                            the hints which you will have it in your power to give, cannot fail of being gratefully
                            received by the members who may constitute the Board.
                        The articles intrusted to the care of Doctr Edwards came safe, and while all of
                            them are curious—& entitled to my particular acknowledgments, none deserve to be
                            held in higher estimation than the heads of the Egyptian Wheat. They came much too late
                            however for our usual seed time, but I delayed not a moment in sending them to my Manager at
                            Mount Vernon, with particular directions how to dispose of them to the best advantage;
                            reserving one head as a resource, in case of failure from late sowing.

                        Certainly no good reason can be assigned why the Hemp of New Zealand should
                            not thrive with us, as that country lyes in about the same Southern latitude—that our
                            middle States do in the Northern. The Hemp of the East Indies grows well here (from my own
                            experience) and I have no doubt of the Tea plant succeeding in So. Carolina & Georgia.
                        The Gentlemen whose names you have mentioned in your letter of the 10th of
                            September, will, I am persuaded, be gratified for your civilities. The true policy of this
                            country is to live in peace & amity with all the World; and I am sure it is the wish
                            of the government that it should do so, as long as is consistent with the respect that is
                            due to itself.
                        I cannot conclude without requesting your acceptance of my grateful
                                acknowledgments, for the expression of your wishes to see me in Great
                            Britain, and under your hospitable roof; But I believe there are few things more
                            certain than, that after I have retired to Mount Vernon, I shall never go twenty miles
                            beyond the limits of it; unless per chance, I should visit some landed property (under
                            leases) at the distance of about seventy miles from it. With very great esteem & respect I
                            have the honor to be Sir Your most Obedt & Obliged

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Isaac Tichenor, 11 December 1796
From: Washington, George
To: Tichenor, Isaac,Paine, Elijah

                            Gentlemen,
                             Sunday 11th Decr 1796

                        As soon after the Senate have presented their address tomorrow and retired, as
                            you can make it convenient to yourselves, I shall be ready to receive, from your hands, that
                            from the Legislature of Vermont. With great esteem I am Gentlemen Your Obedient Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 11 December 1796
From: Washington, George
To: Pearce, William

                            Mr Pearce,
                            Philadelphia 11th Decr 1796.

                        Since my last to you was dispatched, I have received your letters of the 30th
                            of Novr and 4th inst.
                        I am sorry to hear that your Wheat begins to heat. If it does this in a degree
                            to do it much injury, it ought to be disposed of for the best price you can get; but
                            otherwise, as I have waited so long to grind it, & shall have occasion for the Bran,
                            I had rather Manufacture it myself.
                        It is a matter of astonishment to me, that the lower floor of the Barn at Dogue
                            Run has given way so soon. How it was laid at first, being from home, I know not; but if it
                            had been executed according to my directions, & the end of the sleepers, by the
                            tenons had rested on a Wall, it could not have given way until the Sleepers themselves had
                            failed. As the case is, I must endeavour, after I come home, to make the floor without the
                            circle, of some well tempered earth, or composition, to guard against the expence of such
                            frequent decays. In the meantime, the best shift that can, must be made.
                        I must remind you of having the Pork killed & salted before you go
                            away; and above all things attend to the Ice house, as it is of serious importance on
                            account of fresh meat next summer, that it should be filled.

                        Not perceiving by the weekly repts, that any of the Trees at the Mansion house
                            have been taken up, or trimmed; and as little, if any thing, can be done at it now, give Mr
                            Anderson all the information you can relative to this business; and turn the string of
                            Memorandums (which I sent to you sometime ago) over to him.
                        Relying on Mr Smiths making you the first payment (on the 24th instt) according
                            to promise, I request again, that no demand against me may be left unpaid; among these pay
                            Gray the Weaver; and let all that is owing to me, be reduced to promissary notes.
                        I hope all the Shelters for the Cattle are up, that they may be secure from
                            Snows, Rain and cold weather; for it is always observable, that if they suffer in the early
                            part of Winter, they rarely get perfectly recovered of it.
                        Mr Craik informs me that Clark (I think his name is) whom you recommended to
                            him, has been very sick, but, notwithstanding, has given evident demonstrations of his
                            fitness as an overlooker. I wish you would make it a point to see Clark, & fix him
                            to me, as agreed, for the next year; otherwise I may have more difficulty in doing it, than
                            at the present time; from causes which you will be at no loss to conjecture. It was
                            extremely unlucky, after waiting so long to get an answer from the Eastern Shore, that I had
                            not waited a few days longer—until Clark arrived—Pray did you see the person on the Eastern
                            shore, when last there, from whom you had been expecting to hear? and what excuse did he
                            make for not fulfilling his promise of writing to you?

                        In my next letter, I will send you a certificate of my satisfaction in your
                            Services as a Manager. I would have done it now, but am hurried, and it will be in time
                            then. I am Yr friend and well wisher

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to John Sinclair, 11 December 1796
From: Washington, George
To: Sinclair, John

Private
                        Sir,
                            Philadelphia 11th Decr 1796

                        The near view which you have of the Revolution in France, and of the political
                            state of things in Europe, especially those of Great Britain, has enabled you to form a
                            judgment with so much more accuracy than I could do, of the probable result of the
                            perturbated state of the countries which compose that quarter of the globe, and of the
                            principal actors on that theatre, that it wd be presumption in me, at the distance of 3000
                            miles, to give an opinion relatively to either men, or measures; and therefore, I will
                            proceed to the information required in your private letter of the 11th of September, wch I
                            will give from the best knowledge I possess, & with the candour you have a right to
                            expect from me.
                        The United States, as you well know, are very extensive—more than 1500 miles
                            between the North Eastern, & So. Western extremities; all parts of which, from the
                            Seaboard to the Apalachian Mountains, (which divide the Eastern from the Western waters) are
                            entirely settled; though not as compactly as they are susceptible of; and settlements are
                            progressing rapidly beyond them.

                        Within so great a space, you are not to be told, that there are a great variety
                            of climates; and you will readily suppose too that, there are all sorts of land—differently
                            improved, and of various prices, according to the quality of the soil; its contiguity to, or
                            remoteness from Navigation; the Nature of the improvements, and other local circumstances.
                            These however, are only sufficient for the formation of a general
                            opinion, for there are material deviations, as I shall mention hereafter.
                        In the New England States, and to Pennsylvania inclusively, landed property is
                            more divided than it is in the States South of them. The farms are smaller, the buildings
                            and other improvements, generally, better; and, of consequence, the population is greater:
                            But then, the climate, especially to the Eastward of Hudson river, is cold, the winters
                            long, consuming a great part of the Summers labour in support of their Stocks, during the
                            Winter: Nevertheless, it is a country abounding in grass, and furnishes much fine Beef,
                            besides exporting many horses to the West Indies. A Mill-dew or blight (I am speaking now of
                            the New England States particularly) prevents them from raising Wheat adequate to their own
                            consumption; and of other grains they export little or none: Fish being their Staple. They
                            live well notwithstanding, and are a happy People. Their numbers are not augmented by
                            foreign emigrants; yet, from their circumscribed limits, compact situation, and natural
                            population—they are filling the western parts of the State of New York, and the country on
                            the Ohio with their own surplusage.

                        New Jersey is a small state, & all parts of it, except the
                            Southwestern, are pleasant—healthy—and productive of all kinds of grain, &ca. Being
                            surrounded on two sides by New York, and on the other two by Delaware River & the
                            Atlantic, it has no land of its own to supply the surplus of its population, of course their
                            emigrations are principally towards the Ohio.
                        Pennsylvania is a large state, and from the policy of its founder, and of the
                            government since; and especially from the celebrity of Philadelphia, has become the general
                            recepticle of foreigners from all countries, and of all descriptions; many of whom soon take
                            an active part in the politics of the State; and coming over full of prejudices against
                            their own governments, some against all government, you will be enabled, without any comment
                            of mine, to draw your own inference of their conduct.
                        Delaware is a very small State—the greater part of which lyes low, and is
                            supposed to be unhealthy. The Eastern shore of Maryland is similar thereto. The lands in
                            both, however, are good.
                        But the Western parts of the last mentioned State, and of Virginia, quite to
                            the line of No. Carolina, above tide water and more especially above the Blue Mountains, are
                            similar to those of Pennsylvania between the Susquehanna & Potomac Rivers, in Soil,
                            climate & productions; and in my opinion will be considered, if it is not considered
                            so already, as the Garden of America; forasmuch as it lyes between the two extremes of heat
                            & cold, partaking in a degree of the advantages of both, without feeling much, the
                            inconveniences of either: and with truth it may be said, is among the most fertile lands in
                            America, East of the Apalachian Mountains.

                        The uplands of North & So. Carolina, and Georgia, are not dissimilar
                            in soil; but as they approach the lower latitudes, are less
                            congenial to Wheat—and are supposed to be proportionally more unhealthy. Towards the
                            Seaboard of all the Southern States (and further South the more so) the country is low,
                            Sandy and unhealthy; for which reason I shall say little concerning them; for as I should
                            not chuse to be an inhabitant of them myself, I ought not to say any thing that would induce
                            others to be so.

                        This general description is furnished, that you may be enabled to form an idea
                            of the part of the United States which would be most congenial to
                            your inclination. To pronounce with any degree of precision what lands could be obtained for
                            in the parts I have enumerated, is next to impossible, for the reasons I have before
                            assigned; but upon pretty good data it may be said, that those in Pennsylvania are higher
                            than those in Maryland (and I believe in any other State) declining in price as you go
                            southerly, until the Rice Swamps of So. Carolina & Georgia are met with, &
                            these are as much above the medium in price, as they are below it in health. I understand
                            however, that from 30 to 40 dollars pr Acre (I fix on dollars because they apply equally to
                                all the States, and because their relative value to sterling
                            is well understood) may be denominated the Medium price in the vicinity of the Susquehanna,
                            in the State of Pennsylvania: from 20 to 30 on the Potomac, both in what is called the
                            Valley—that is—lying between the Blue Mountain & North Mountain wch are the richest
                            lands we have—and less, as I have noticed before, as you proceed Southerly. But what may
                            appear singular, and was alluded to in the former part of this letter, the lands in the
                            parts of which I am now speaking, on, and contiguous to, tide water (with local exceptions)
                            are in lower estimation than those which are above, and more remote from Navigation. The
                            causes however are apparent—1. the land is better. 2. higher & more healthy—3. they
                            are chiefly, if not altogether, in the occupation of Farmers; and 4. from a combination of
                            all these, purchasers are attracted, and of consequence the prices rise in proportion to the
                            demand.
                        The rise in the value of landed property, in this country, has been
                            progressive, ever since my attention has been turned to the subject (—now more than 40
                            years)—but for the last three or four of that period, it has increased beyond all
                            calculation—owing in part to the attachment to, and the confidence which the people are
                            beginning to place in, their form of Government—and to the prosperity of the country from a
                            variety of concurring causes, none more than to the late high prices of its produce.

                        From what I have said, you will have perceived that the present prices of Land
                            in Pennsylvania are higher than they are in Maryland and Virginia, although they are not of
                            Superior quality. Two reasons have already been assigned for this, first, that in the settled part of it, the land is divided into smaller
                            farms, and more improved; and 2dly being, in a greater degree than any other, the recepticle of emigrants, these receive their first
                            impressions in Philadelphia, and rarely look beyond the limits of the State; but besides
                            these, two other causes, not a little operative may be added; namely, that until Congress
                            passed general Laws relative to naturalization and citizenship, foreigners found it easier
                            to obtain the previledges annexed to them in this State than elsewhere; and because there
                            are Laws here for the gradual abolition of Slavery, which neither of the two States abovementioned have, at present, but which nothing is more certain than that they must have,
                            & at a period not remote.

                        Notwithstanding these obstacles, and although I may incur the charge of
                            partiality in hazarding such an opinion at this time, I do not
                            hesitate to pronounce that, the Lands on the Waters of Potomack will, in a few years, be in
                            greater demand, and in higher estimation than in any other part of the United States. But as
                            I ought not to advance this doctrine without assigning reasons for it, I will request you to
                            examine a general Map of the United States, and the following facts will strike you at first
                            view. that they lye in the most temperate latitude of the United States; that the main river
                            runs in a direct course to the expanded part of the Western
                            country, and approximates nearer to the principal branches of the Ohio than any other
                            Eastern water, & of course must become a great, if not (under all circumstances) the
                            best highway into that Region; That the upper Sea port of the Potomac is considerably
                            nearer to a large portion of the State of Pennsylvania than that portion is to Philadelphia,
                            besides accomodating the settlers thereof with inland navigation for more than 200 miles.
                            that the amazing extent of tide Navigation afforded by the Bay & Rivers of Chesapeak
                            has scarcely a parallel. When to these are added, that a site at the junction of the inland,
                            & tide navigations of that river is chosen for the permanent Seat of the general
                            government, and is in rapid preparation for its reception. that the inland Navigation of the
                            River is nearly completed to the extent abovementioned, & that its lateral branches
                            are capable of great improvement, at a small expence through the most fertile parts of
                            Virginia, in a Southerly direction, and crossing Maryland and extending into Pennsylvania in
                            a Northerly one; thro’ which (independent of what may come from the Western country) an
                            immensity of produce will be water borne, thereby making the Federal City the great emporium
                            of the United States. I say, when these things are taken into consideration, I am under no
                            apprehension of having the opinion I have given relative to the value of land on Potomac,
                            controverted by impartial men.
                        There are farms always, and every where for Sale; if therefore, events should
                            induce you to cast an eye towards America, there need be no apprehension of your being
                            accomodated to your liking; and if I could be made useful to you therein, you might command
                            my Services with the greatest freedom.

                        Within full view of Mount Vernon—seperated therefrom by Water only—is one of
                            the most beautiful Seats on the River, for Sale; but of greater magnitude than you seem to
                            have contemplated. It is called Belvoir, and did belong to George William Fairfax Esqr.;
                            who, was he living, would now be Baron of Cameron, as his younger brother in this country
                            (he George William dying without issue) at present is, though he does not take upon himself
                            the title. This seat was the residence of the abovenamed Gentleman before he went to
                            England, and was accomodated with very good buildings, which were burnt soon after he
                            left them. There are near 2000 Acres of land belonging to the tract, surrounded in a manner
                            by water. The Mansion house stood on high and commanding ground: the soil is not of the
                            first quality, but a considerable part of it lying level may with proper management, be
                            profitably cultivated. There are some small tenements on the Estate, but the greater part
                            thereof is in wood. At present it belongs to Thomas Fairfax—Son of Bryan Fairfax, the
                            Gentleman who will not, as I said before, take upon himself the title of Baron of Cameron. A
                            year or two ago the price he fixed on the land was (as I have been informed) 33 1/3 dollars pr
                            Acre; whether not getting that sum—or whether he is no longer disposed to sell it, I am
                            unable, with precision to say, for I have heard nothing concerning his intentions lately.

                        With respect to the tenements I have offered to let, appertaining to my Mount
                            Vernon Estate, I can give no better description of them, and of their appurtenances, than
                            what is contained in the printed Advertisement here with enclosed: but that you may have a
                            more distinct view of the farms, and their relative situation to the Mansion House, a sketch
                            from actual Survey is also enclosed; annexed to which, I have given you from memory, the
                            relative situation, & form of the Seat at Belvoir.
                        The terms on which I had authorised the Superintendent of my concerns at Mount
                            Vernon to lease the farms there, are also enclosed; which, with the other papers, &
                            the general information herein detailed, will throw all the light I am enabled to give you,
                            upon the subject of your enquiry. To have such a tenant as Sir John Sinclair, however
                            desirable it might be, is an honor I dare not hope for; and to alienate any part of the Fee
                            simple estate of Mount Vernon is a Measure I am not inclined to, as all the Farms are
                            connected, and are parts of a whole. With very great esteem & respect I have the
                            honor to be, Sir, Your most Obedient & Obliged Hble Servant

                            Go: Washington

                            P.S. As I shall have an opportunity in the course of the present Session
                                of Congress to converse with the Members thereof from different States—and from
                                different parts of each State, I will write you a supplimentary account if essential
                                information should be obtained in addition to, or corrective of what is given to you in
                                the aforegoing sheets.


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Magaw, 12 December 1796
From: Magaw, Samuel
To: Washington, George

                            Philadelphia, Dec. 12th 1796

                        The American Philosophical Society, desirous of expressing due Regard for
                            Preeminence in Science and Virtue, have directed an Eulogium to be prepared in the Memory of
                            their late President, Dr David Rittenhouse; which is to be pronounced before the Society, on
                            Saturday next, the 17th inst. at 12 o’clock, in the Presbyterian Church, in High Street.
                        It is particularly requested, that the President of the United States, and his
                            Family may honour the Occasion with their Presence.

                            Commtee of Arrangement.
                            Sam Magaw
                            Rajd. A. Herion
                            C.W. Peale
                            John Bleakley


Title: To George Washington from James Fennell, 12 December 1796
From: Fennell, James
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Library Decr 12th 1796

                        I take the liberty of submitting to you the inclosed plan of lectures, which I
                            hope will be honoured with your approbation. I am, Sir, With the greatest respect, your most
                            obedient humble Servant,

                            James Fennell.


Title: From George Washington to Isaac Tichenor, 12 December 1796
From: Washington, George
To: Tichenor, Isaac,Paine, Elijah

                        Gentlemen, United States 12th December 1796.
                        With particular pleasure I receive the unanimous address of the Council and
                            General Assembly of the State of Vermont. Although but lately admitted into the Union, yet
                            the importance of your State, it’s love of liberty and its energy, were manifested in the
                            earliest periods of the revolution which established our Independence. Unconnected in name
                            only, but in reality united with the confederated States, these felt and acknowledged the
                            benefits of your cooperation. Their mutual safety and advantage duly appreciated, will never
                            permit this Union to be dissolved.
                        I enjoy great happiness in the testimony you have presented, and in the other
                            proofs exhibited from various parts of our country, that the operations of the general
                            Government have justified the hopes of our citizens at its formation, which is recognized as
                            the era of national prosperity. The voluntary acknowledgments of my fellow citizens persuade
                            me to believe that my agency has contributed to produce this effect. This belief will be to
                            me a source of permanent satisfaction, and those acknowledgements a rich reward.
                        My sincere thanks are due, and I beg you, Gentlemen, to make them acceptable to
                            the Council and General Assembly of the State of Vermont, for the very obliging and
                            affectionate terms in which they notice me and my public services. To such confidence and
                            support, as I have experienced from Councils, Legislative assemblies, and the great body of
                            American Citizens, I owed the best exertions of every faculty I possessed: happy now in the
                            reflection, that our joint labours have been crowned with success, When withdrawn to the
                            shade of private life, I shall view with growing pleasure, the increasing prosperity of the
                            United States: in the perfect protection of their government, I trust to enjoy my retirement
                            in tranquillity; and then, while indulging a favorite wish of my heart in agricultural
                            pursuits, I may hope to make even my private business and amusement of some use to my
                            Country.

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to United States Senate, 12 December 1796
From: Washington, George
To: United States Senate

                        Gentlemen   December 12th 1796
                        It affords me great satisfaction, to find in your address, a concurrence in
                            sentiment with me, on the various topics which I presented for your information and
                            deliberation; and that the latter, will receive from you, an attention proportioned to their
                            respective importance.
                        For the notice you take of my public services, civil and military, and your
                            kind wishes for my personal happiness, I beg you to accept my cordial thanks. Those
                            services, and greater had I possessed ability to render them, were due to the unanimous
                            calls of my country; and its approbation, is my abundant reward.
                        When contemplating the period of my retirement, I saw virtuous and enlightened
                            men, among whom I relied on the discernment and patriotism of my fellow-citizens, to make the
                            proper choice of a Successor: men who would require no influential example to ensure to the
                            United States" an able, upright and energetic administration". To such men, I shall
                            cheerfully yield the palm of genius & talent, to serve our common country: but at
                            the sametime, I hope I may be indulged in expressing the consoling reflection (which
                            consciousness suggests) and to bear it with me to my grave, that none can serve it with
                            purer intentions than I have done, or with a more disinterested Zeal.

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Hoskins Stone, 12 December 1796
From: Stone, John Hoskins
To: Washington, George

                            Sir.
                            Annapolis Decr 12th 1796

                        I had the honor of receiving your letter of the 7th Inst. respecting a loan of
                            money by the State of Maryland to the Commissioners of the City of Washington, which was
                            immediately communicated to the General Assembly and that Subject is under consideration.
                            The object of this loan is certainly of primary importance to this State and I make no doubt
                            of its being viewed in that light by the Legislature, and added to this, that it will feel a
                            pleasure in carrying into operation your recommendation—but it does not appear to me that it
                            will comport with our Situation to extend this Loan to 150,000 Dollars—probably not more
                            than 80,000 or100,000 Dollars can be spared at this time—By the
                            unremitting exertions of a few men the funds of the State of Maryland are So arranged as to
                            produce a certain revenue beyond the expenses of the Government, without any kind of
                            Taxation, and there appears to be some degree of reluctance in changeing those funds—whatever
                            can with propriety be done relative to this loan, will meet with my most cordial
                            Support—with Sentiments of the hightest respect and regard, I have the honor to be sir Yr
                            Mo. Obt Sert

                            J. H. Stone


Title: To George Washington from Landon Carter, 13 December 1796
From: Carter, Landon
To: Washington, George

                            My Dear Sir
                            Sabine Hall 13. Decemr 1796

                        There is much Time escaped since I commenced my Reply to your queries, 29th
                            ulmo; owing to my being upon a Party to visit this place; the season having waved that from
                            day to day: I am now fixed here, and shall with pleasure take up the subject.

                        Your 5th Quere would properly belong to the last Letter, on account of that
                            confused management which has ever afflicted me: I will only observe, that the Reports of
                            the partial Cultivaters, I have conferred with, answer your question in the Affirmative. It
                            must be remarked upon the nature of stiff Land, and upon that of the Pease, that this Crop
                            will probably be less certain; for the Plant delights in a dry Air, and such qualitied Earth
                            generates too readily, the contrary state. Pardon me if I appear tedious, for I must urge
                            upon you that it is not the Crop of Pease which constitutes the Farmer’s object. The
                            friendly preparation for the succeeding Crop of small grain, and the ultimate improvement to
                            the Soil, make up a full inducement to the culture; should he but obtain a stack of Hay, to
                            add to his other gains. If perchance he meets a suitable concurrence in the Season, and a
                            Crop of Pulse comes in, he will unite with improvement, an excess of Profit on his Labor. To
                            conclude the answer to this 5th Quere, I take occasion to mention,, that the Pease and the
                            Culture, are equally congenial to the stiff, as they are to the light soils; effecting that
                            happy medium, so desireable in every undertaking, by compacting the latter, and by opening
                            the former; both to a fitness for vegitable demands.
                        In your 6th Quere you ask my method of planting the Pease? I have yet had no
                            experience in the Drill, but have hither to used the tedious way of dropping by hand; not prompted thereto by reason, but by a necessity which is too
                            disinteresting to be here recited. The tediousness of doing it by hand consists in the
                            business being done by three motions; first laying off with the Plough, the dropping the
                            Pease, and last, draging over the Harrow to cover them. All this may be effected at a single
                            stroke with a Drill, of a very simple structure: And I trust I shall be able to adopt the
                            plan in future; & dismiss that flush harrowing.
                        Your 7th Quere asks the sort of Pease preferred? I am fond of the small
                            blackeye, for a twofold reason; they do not run so soon, & ripen together pretty
                            well. True the gentleman Pease have the latter quality in a superior degree; but they are
                            slow and not so productive. The demand being chiefly for the W. India Markett, the Blacke
                            eye is mostly called for, and is the Election of the Toader. Tho for the Madeira Markett,
                            the Gentleman,, or Calavance, is the best adapted. The other
                                kinds, the Ram’s horn in particular, are not so well suited to
                            Sea-Carriage; being more apt to swell: The more the Pulse is spread over with color, the
                            less they please the Consumer.
                        I have just now acquired a few of a kind; which I concieve will prove useful in
                            my arrangement; not for a markett Crop, but for a covering to my P.
                            Cornfield, which I wish not to sow in small grain. This Pea takes it’s Name from a Person in
                            the County of Gloucester, who has long cultivated it, one Yetman.
                            Planted with the P. Corn, they are so slow to run that they do not interfere, so long as the
                             P-Corn requires culture; and once begining they proceed, with haste, to spread a matted
                            covering over the ground, at common corn field distance. I will leave for others, to give the
                            more pompous description of the excellencies of this growth; being beyond the pitch of my
                            own Credulity.
                        To your 8th quere, relating to the saleableness of that Article, I have to
                            acquaint you, that my first Crop of Pease met with a very slow Markett. The Trader had been
                            accustomed to such partial supplies, that no object was formed: The price was then 3/6. My
                            subsequent sales have been 4/—4/6—and 5/—; and I am now led to expect 6/.
                            The estimate of the value of the Pease has been, uniformly, at a rate exceeding that of P.
                            Corn; I therefore suppose the probable advance of the one, will mount the other even above
                            the rate of 6/.
                        To the 9th Quere—To purchase them at large, you will have little chance to
                            obtain a chosen sort; nevertheless, I would first recommend an enquiery to be made in the
                            Neighborhood of Mt Vernon, on acct of better suiting your convenience. If any Person, near
                            your Farm, can accomodate your choice, it will save you some trouble; But as your Agent may
                            probably be able to procure a Vessell, from the River Potomack round to Rapahanock; you
                            shall, as a sure Resource, be supplied from Cleve.

                        You will please to direct him to write to me your determination, and when I
                            give him notice of the Pease being ready, to give his order to such Vessells. The quantity
                            necessary I judge to be a bushell to the acre which may be profitably spent in seeding so
                            much ground. With true Esteem and great respect I am Dear Sir Your very
                            Obt & mo: hmle servt

                            L. Carter


Title: From George Washington to Robert Fulton, 14 December 1796
From: Washington, George
To: Fulton, Robert

                            Sir,
                            Philadelphia 14th Decr 1796

                        By the hands of Doctr Edwards, I was favoured with your Treatise on the
                            improvement of Canal Navigation. For your goodness in sending it to me, I pray you to accept
                            my best thanks.
                        The subject is interesting, and I dare presume is well treated; but as the Book
                            came to me in the midst of busy preparatory scenes for Congress, I have not had leisure yet
                            to give it the perusal which the importance of such a work would merit. I shall do it, with
                            pleasure I am persuaded, when I have. With esteem I am Sir Your Obedient and Obliged Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Tobias Lear, 14 December 1796
From: Washington, George
To: Lear, Tobias

                            dear Sir,
                            Philadelphia 14 Dec. 1796

                        Immediately upon the receipt of your letter of the 2d instant, I sent a
                            transcript of so much of it as related to Maria, and the daughter of Colo. Ball, to Mr Van
                            Vleck; with a request that he would answer the queries which were propounded therein, under
                            a cover to me. Enclosed is his answer, and of course you will inform Colo. Ball thereof.
                        As I know that many unsuccessful applications had
                            been made for admission into the young Ladies School at Bethleham about the time I wrote to
                            Mr Van Vleck, the reception of Marie & her Cousin must be considered as a particular
                            favour, and Colo. Ball should make a point of it to be exact in complying with the
                            requisitions that are enumerated in the Directors Letter.
                        A treatise, on the improvement of Canal Navigation, came to my hand by Doctr
                            Edwards as a present from the Author, a few days ago. As I shall have no time to look into
                            it while I remain in this City. I make a deposit of it with you, until I return to Mount
                            Vernon. According to Doctr Edwards account, Fultons system is putting Lock Navigation out of vogue. I have not read a page in the Book—but if the
                            Potomack company can extract any thing useful from it I shall feel happy in having sent it
                            to you. We are all well, except having bad colds, and join in best wishes
                            for yourself & family. I am Your affectionate

                            Go: Washington

                            P.S. Pray procure me 200 weight of good butter against our arrival at
                                Mount Vernon which in all likelihood will be by the middle of March.


Title: To George Washington from Rufus King, 15 December 1796
From: King, Rufus
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            London Decr 15. 1796

                        I have the Honor to inclose a copy of the Gazette, containing a Publication of
                            the Chancery Order, you sent me for that Purpose.
                        I shall forward other Copies by future Opportunities, And have the Honor to be,
                            with perfect Respect & Esteem Sir Yr ob. & faithful Serv.

                            Rufus King


Title: To George Washington from Alexander White, 15 December 1796
From: White, Alexander
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Woodville 15th December 1796

                        Mrs White remained three weeks in Washington without coming to a determination
                            respecting her future residence; the business of the City pressing I did not accompany her
                            home. And altho’ I expected to be informed of the result of her reflections by letter after
                            her arrival at her own House, she declined giving an opinion till we should meet again—Last
                            thursday I arrived at this place, and found her mind so strongly bent against a removal,
                            that my resignation must be the consequence, unless my personal attendance may be considered
                            as sufficient  My Court business is so far disposed of and I shall
                            make such Arrangements with respect to my property, that I have no doubt of being able to
                            perform my full share of the duties of the office, if under existing circumstances, the
                            residence of my Family ought to be dispensed with. I shall
                            chearfully acquiesce in whatever you may determine in that respect, and shall ever retain a
                            grateful sense of the honor done me in appointing me a Commissioner of the Federal
                            Buildings, and by the terms in which you have more than once expressed your wishes for my
                            continuance in that office.
                         My Colleagues were of opinion, that my presence in the City would not be
                            necessary till about the 10th of January—I shall remain at home till near that time unless I
                            should be particularly called upon—I presume it will be proper for me to continue in Office
                            till a Successor is appointed or at least fixed on so as to succeed immediately in my
                            resignation—but an early intimation of your decision on the principal point will oblige me,
                            as my domestic Arrangements will be regulated accordingly.
                        It is with extreme regret that I intrude one moment on that time which is so
                            fully engrossed by objects more important—I am with Sentiments of the highest Respect Sir
                            Your most Obt Servt

                            Alexr White