Title: To George Washington from Ephraim Blaine, 14 July 1781
From: Blaine, Ephraim
To: Washington, George

                     Sir
                     Philada 14 July 1781

                  Inclosed you have an Invoice of sundry Articles for the use of your Excellency’s Table loaded in five Waggons and put under the particular Care of the Waggon Conductor, All the Stores are of the best quality, the Wine is properly cased and, all the other Articles put up carefully—beg your Excellency to Order some person to examine and see that the Stores are properly deliver’d before the Waggon Master & his People are discharged—There is one Pipe of Wine and some other Articles which will be forwarded next Week—should have had the Table Linnen made up but not knowing the length of your Tables or Marquis thought it best to forward it and the Diaper for Toweling whole in Order that it may be made proper sizes.
                  I wish the Stores safe and have the Honor to be with all due Respect—Your Excellencies Most Obedt & most Humble Servant

                     Eph. Blaine C.G.P.

                Enclosure

                        Philadelphia 14th July 1781

                     Invoice of Sundries sent to Head Quarters for the use of His Excellency General Washingtons Table.
                     6 Quarter Casks Madaira WineContaing198 Gallons1      Ditto      sweet   Dittofrom Mr Morris2 Tierces Jamaica Spirit 82143 Gallons2 Barrels  Ditto   Ditto611  Ditto  French Brandy34     Do1  Ditto  Shrub30 1/2 do6 Barrels Hares Bottled Porter contg24 Doz: 1 Hhd Morris’s      DoBeer24  Do1 Tierce Morris’s Bottled Beer 24  Do2 Bbls Morris’s Bottled Beer24  Do2 Bbls Containing350 lb. of (English) Cheese1 Tiercecontaining231 lb. 14 oz. Loaf Sugar, double refined1 Boxdo375 lb. best Spanish Sugar1 Bbldo187 lb. of Coffee2 Casks Raisins1 Small Box contg     10 lb. of Mustard1 Box of China  containg2 Doz: Coffee Cups with saucers, two   Tea Potts—a Cream Jugg and Six Bowls1 Barrel of Hams
170 lb. Nt2 Boxcontaining12 Bottles Oyl 12 Bottles Olives &4 Bottles of KitchupNote, these Articles together with the China are contd in a large Chest, also Mustard.6 Kegs Sturgeon2 do Kegs Pickled Oysters6 Doz: Knives and Forks1/2 lb. Nutmegs  1/2 lb. Cloves  1/4 lb. Cinnamon 1/4 lb. Mace1 ps. Diaper 35 yardsCost 40/ ⅌ yd16 Yards Dodo   8/
1 Table Cloth6 Yard’s Sheeting2 Bottles of Kitchup


Title: From George Washington to James Clinton, 14 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, James

                  sir

                     Head Quarters near Dobb’s Ferry 14th July 1781

                  I have received your Letter of the 10th—I am very sorry to hear the Disturbance which has taken place in the 1st Regt—especially as the P.M. Genl had just sent on a Sum of money for the Pay of your Brigade—unluckily it seems to have missed them.  On Receipt of their money, this murmur I hope will be quieted.
                  So long as the 2d Regt remains in Albany, I approve your keepg up Genl Schuylers Guard to the Number you mention—The Militia will soon arrive; the Guard will then be furnished from them, & the Continental Soldiers must be withdrawn Whenever you come down with the 2d Regt you will collect every Man of the old Regts that you possibly can (except the Compa. of Artillery) & bring down with you—The Frontier must be left to the Defence of the Militia.
                  You will continue to hold every thing in the most perfect Readiness to move down with the remainder of the Troops, on the Shortest Notice—Whenever the militia begin to arrive, you will give me immediate Information.
                  The Fort at Herkemers, for Want of Workmen, not being like to be compleated, & but a small comparative Force perhaps to be left in that Neighbourhood, the Heavy Cannon & Stores there may be insecure—I have therfore thot best they should be removed to Albany, reserving only such Kinds & Quantity as may be absolutely needed for the Defence of the Posts in that Quarter—as you will probably be removed from Albany before the Stores can be sent down, I have Written to Colo. Willet on this Subject & put the matter under his Direction.  I am, with Regard & Esteem sir your most humble Servant

                     Go: Washington

                     P.S.  On Removal of so large a Quantity of Stores & Cannon as will probably be sent down to Albany, Capt. Moody’s whole Company of artillery will not be wanted on the Frontier—you will therefore Order such Number as you shall find Necessary to continue—and the Remainder you will direct to join the Army below.


Title: From George Washington to John Greaton, 14 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Greaton, John

                     SirHead Quarters July 14th 1781

                  Should Captain Pray of the water Guard communicate to you any intelligence respecting the movements of the Enemy, or you receive it from any other Quarter you will transmit it with all possible dispatch to Lord Stirling at his Quarters.  I am sir your most Obedt

                     G.W.


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 14 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

                  Sir

                     Head Quarters near Dobbs’s Ferry 14th July 1781

                  General Heath, in a letter of the 4th inst. informs me that the state have about 52 Pipes of Teneriffe Wine, which they are willing if it will answer as well to send forward to the army in lieu of Rum—as he thought it more than probable that he would have left Boston before my answer could arrive, he desired me to make it to your Excellency—wine cannot be distributed to the soldier insttead of rum, except the quantity is much increased—I very much doubt whether a jill of Rum would not be preferred to a pint of small wine.  The cost would therefore be much greater, and the difference of transportation immense; as I imagine 12 or 15 Hhds of Rum would go as far as 50 Pipes of Wine—If 5 or 6 Pipes only can be sent on, they will be agreeable and essentially usefull to the Patients in the Hospital who are suffering extreeme distress for Stores of every kind.
                  I must request the favor of your Excellency to forward the Packet of Letters herewith by the first good Opportunity to any port of France.  I have the honor to be with very great respect & Esteem Your Excellency’s most obedient Servant

                     Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Israel Honeywell, Jr., 14 July 1781
From: Honeywell, Israel, Jr.
To: Washington, George

                     Sir
                     Cortland manor July 14th 1781

                  a person just Came from moresane informs that Delances cor is about five hundred Strong They keep a very good loock out at nights not very good a dayes at night they lay along the fenesis expecting the hors.  he went to new york by water Expecting to Come out by way of the bridge but cold not git permission very few troops in the  and by what he cood learn not very Strong at the bridge som on long iland  has persons pasing  the friench incampment all most Every day som times men som times .
                  if an atack should be mad att moresane about Eight oclock in the morning they are most of them guarde  youre very humble Servent

                     Israel Honeywell


Title: To George Washington from Thomas McKean, 14 July 1781
From: McKean, Thomas
To: Washington, George

                     Sir,
                     Philadelphia July 14. 1781

                  Your Excellency’s favor of the 6th Instant to the late President was received and read in Congress.
                  I have now the Honor to inclose you an Act of Congress of the 11th respecting the Geographers of the United States, and another of the 12th appointing Samuel Hodgdon Esquire Commissary General of military Stores.
                  As I shall for some time hold a constant correspondence with your Excellency, a duty the most agreeable of any I have to perform in consequence of the Station now assigned me, it may not be improper to mention, that if I transmit to you the Acts or Resolves of the United States in Congress assembled without comment, I flatter myself it will not be attributed to a want of proper attention to your Excellency or the business, but to my doubts of the propriety of doing otherwise.
                  Any intelligence which I may communicate respecting our Affairs abroad or at home, you will be pleased to consider as my private act.  There is nothing of importance at present.  We are blessed with a most plentiful harvest; in this State the corn is greater in Quantity & better in quality than in any year of the last twenty, and the country teems with fruit.  The Legislatures in most of the States have imposed very considerable taxes, tho’ perhaps not quite equal to the exigencies of our affairs, yet they appear to be as heavy as the People can bear.  The friends to our Independence rather increase than diminish, and appear to be as determined to support it as at any period of the controversy.  Public & private credit & confidence are restoring fast and the trade & commerce of this city really flourish.  In short our affairs wear a promising aspect.  I have the Honor to be, with the utmost Regard, Your Excellency’s most obedient & very humble Servant

                     Tho. M:Kean President


Title: From George Washington to John Pray, 14 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Pray, John

                  Sir

                     Head Quarters near Dobb’s Ferry July 14 1781

                  You are to have the Water guard supplied with three days provisions, & make preparations instantly to go down the River with all your Light Guard Boats this Evening.  You will take effectual care to proceed below in such a manner as to discover with certainty whether the Enemy have any Guard or other Boats, on the water advanced at any distance from their Shipping.
                  I mention in my confidence to you, that there will be a movement of our Troops this night, for the purpose of reconnoitring the Enemy (you will be pleased to keep this to yourself until the Troops have march’d)—In case there should be any movement of the Enemy you will immediately communicate the intelligence to the officer Commanding at Dobbs’ Ferry & to Col. Scammell, who will move on the North River Road, & take his position on Tippets hill in the morning.  Indeed I shall expect you will open a communication with the latter as soon as may be, whether any thing remarkable should happen, or not.  I am Sir &c.


Title: From George Washington to Alexander Scammell, 14 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Scammell, Alexander

                  sir

                     Head Quarters near Dobbs Ferry 14th July 1781

                  Before retreat Beating you will send off Parties to waylay the Roads leading to Knigsbridge, in order to stop all Intelligence going to the Enemy—a few of Sheldons Horse (if they are tho’t necessary) may attend the Parties, in Order to bring back speedy Intelligence of any Discoveries which may be made.
                  Between Retreat Beating & Dark—about Dusk yours &  Sheldons Corps, will commence a silent March by the Right on the North River Road—from these Corps you will take Care to communicate with the Column on the Saw Mill River Road—& regulate your March by it.
                  As soon as you get to the Hill back of Courtlandts—you are to Halt—see what is in the Front between that & the Bridge—reconnoitre Tippets Hill with small Parties—examine the Ways leading to it—and see how accessable the Hill is to Cannon, without being discovered from the Block House at the Bridge or the Redoubt at the mouth of Spiten Devil—particular Attention also, by small Patroles, must be paid to any Movements which may be made upon the North River, & at Spiten Devil—to prevent the Enemy’s turng our Right Flank undiscovered.
                  A Communication must be immediately opened between the light Troops on the Right, & the main Body of the American Army on their left.
                  If the Troops with you should be attacked, you are not to suffer the Enemy to gain your Right—because you will be reinforced always on the Left—your Position being on the Right, you are always to extend that Way, to prevent being turned on that Flank.
                  If you get to the Bridge without Discovery or Opposition—you will immediately send Word thereof along the Road, leading to Valentines Hill.
                  At the mouth of Spiten Devil, it must be observed, whither any Water Craft lies there, whether any Person lives in the House at the Point—or whether there are any Boats in the Creek, & of what kind (if any)—Observe also what kind of Way leads from the Creek to the Redoubts also what kind of Carriage Way can be had thro the Fields to the point.
                  Reconnoitre is the Word, to distinguish between Friend & Foe.

                     G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Alexander Scammell, 14 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Scammell, Alexander

                     SirHead Quarters saturday Evening 14 July 1781

                  The Weather is so extremely bad that the Move is postponed for this Evening.  You will therefore return to your Camps—keeping out only the usual Guards.  I am &c.


Title: From George Washington to William Lord Stirling Alexander, 14 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Alexander, William Lord Stirling

                     My Lord 14 July 1781

                  While I am with the detachment of the Army below, you will remain in command here.  Your principal attention will be paid to the good order of the Camp and the security of the Baggage and Stores left in it.  There will be no need of advanced pickets, as you will be fully covered in front.  The Camp Guards should be vigilant and the officers commanding them see that the men are not permitted to straggle or to plunder the Baggage of the officers and Soldiers.
                  The greatest harmony having hitherto subsisted between the French and American Soldiers, your Lordship will be particularly careful to see that it is not interrupted by any act of imprudence on our part.  And as Major General The Baron Viominil who will command the French Line is older in Commission than your Lordship, you will take the parole and Countersign from him daily.
                  It is scarcely probable that the Enemy will make any attempt upon this Camp while so respectable a force is near their own Lines, should they do it, it must be by Water.  The officer commanding the Water Guard will communicate any movement to Colo. Greaton at Dobbs’s Ferry who will give immediate intelligence to you, which you will of course transmit to Baron Viominil.
                  The party at Dobbs’s Ferry being for the purpose of erecting a Work there, they are not to be withdrawn for Camp duties.  Given at Head Quarters near Dobbs’s Ferry this 14h day of July 1781.

                     Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Jean-Louis-Ambroise, chevalier de Villefranche de Genton, 14 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Villefranche de Genton, Jean-Louis-Ambroise, chevalier de

                  Sir

                     Head Quarters near Dobbs’ Ferry July 14th 1781

                  I have been duly favored with your Letter of the 6th Inst. from Fort Herkemar.
                  Under the present situation of our affairs at the Northward, I do not know, what could have been done, prefarable to the measures you have fallen upon—Without materials, or the Means to erecting New Fortifications, it was certainly the wisest plan to repair the Old Ones, & to give all the additional strength to them, which we possibly could in our circumstances—Strong Block Houses, & other fortified Houses will be a great security against the incursion of small parties of the Enemy.
                  I have written to Genl Clinton & Colo. Willet, respecting the Artillery & Stores you mention.  With great regard I am Sir Your Hble Servt.


Title: From George Washington to David Waterbury, 14 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Waterbury, David

                     SirHead Quarters July 14th 1781

                  I request you will move with your Corps on the New Rochel Road towards East Chester this Evening, so as to be at the last mentioned place by day break tomorrow morng.  You will then open a communication with the Army, by sending Parties to mile Square or Valentines Hill & receive further orders—I have mentioned the Object I have in veiw particularly to Major Humphrys, in confidence, I will therefore refer you to him.  I am Sir Your Most Obed. Servt.


Title: From George Washington to David Waterbury, 14 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Waterbury, David

                  sir

                     Head Quarters 14th July 1781

                  The Weather is so bad that the Troops will not march this Evennig as was proposed—you will therefore halt your Troops, takg the Position that was made out for you to cover the Dukes Left—where you will remain till further Orders.  I am &c.

                     G.W.


Title: General Orders, 15 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                     Head Quarters near Dobb’s Ferry Sunday July 15. 1781
                     Parole Virginia
                     Countersigns La Fayette.
                  Steuben.
                  For the Day tomorrow
                  Brigadier General HuntingtonLieutenant Colonel MellenInspector  Captain WarnerFor Picquet  Major SpurrAs it has been represented to the Commander in Chief that the quantity of fresh meat lately ordered to be drawn by the troops will not keep during this hot Season, He desires the Commissary General may cause two days allowance of salt beef to be issued to every regiment which is to be put into the care of the regimental Quarter master not to be delivered to the troops but by special order of the Commanding officer of Brigades and that the troops be served daily with fresh beef.
                  Captain Robert Pemberton being appointed assistant Adjutant General vice Dexter promoted and joined his regiment is to respected and obeyed accordingly.


Title: To George Washington from Paul-François-Jean-Nicolas, comte de Barras, 15 July 1781
From: Barras, Paul-François-Jean-Nicolas, comte de
To: Washington, George

                     Monsieur
                     A Newport Le 15 Juillet 1781.

                  J’ai reçû La Lettre de Votre Excellênce en datte du 11 de ce mois, et la feuille d’avis de Newyork que vous avez bien voulû me faire passer en même tems.  J’etois deja informé de ce quelle contient de plus important, a L’exception cependant de ce qui concerne le Royal Oak, dont je netois instruit que par les bruits publics.
                  Nous voici arrivés a L’epoque ou nous devons attendre chaque jour Les Secours puissants qui sont annoncés, malgré le desir que j’avois de faire quelque chose d’utile avec L’Escadre seule que je commande;  je Sens quil serois imprudent de hazarder actuellement des entreprises qui pourroient contrarier le plan General, et retarder la jonction des Escadres du Roi sur cette côte.  d’apres cette consideration je me borne a tout disposer pour etre en Etat de me joindre aux forces navales que nous attendons, des que j’aurai avis de Leur approche.
                  Votre Excellénce est deja informée sans doute par la voye de Fair field de L’entreprise infructueuse que nous venons de faire sur le fort de Loyds Nek.  Le Gouverneur Trumbul, Le Major Talmadge, et D’autres personnes distinguées, nous ayant invités en differents tems a tanter cette Expedition quils regardoient comme facile et avantageuse  J’ai cru que les circonstances actuelles seroient plus favorables que jamais, en consequence j’ai fait partir Le 10 de ce mois au Soir Trois fregattes portant 250 hommes de troupes avec ordre d’aller bruler les batiments et les Magazins des ennemis a la baye d’huntngton, sils trouvoient jour a le faire.  Les fregattes dans leur route, ont eté jointes comme je le prevoyois par plusieurs bateaux américains, et elles ont pris des Guides et des pilotes du lieu a Fairfield  la descente a eté executée le 12 au matin sans aucune opposition, mais Lorsque les troupes se sont presentées devant le fort, elles y ont trouvé une resistance quelles n’etoient pas en etat de vaincre.  le fort etoit palissadé a neuf, tous les refugiés du canton avoient eû le tems de sy rassembler, et nos troupes absolument depourvues de Canon, avoient apeine des haches pour couper les palissades.  dans cet Etat des choses, M. Le Baron d’angely au quel j’avois donné ordre de ne rien hazarder, a pris Le parti tres Sage de se retirer et de se rembarquer, ce quil a execute tranquillement, et sans que les Ennemis ayent cherché a le troubler.
                  Les fregattes n’ont trouvé dans la baye d’huntugton que deux ou trois petits batiments qui se sont retirés dans la rivierre  lors quils les ont appercus elles tiroient trop d’eau pour tanter de les suivre.  la fregatte L’ariel cependant sest approchée de la barre, et a tiré quelques vol sur ces batiments, les quels probablement ont eté sans effet a cause de la Grande distance, ainsi que les coups de canon qu’une Galere Ennemie a tirés a L’ariel.
                  Il n’a pas eté possible de bruler aucuns magazins par ce qu’ils sont situés sous la protection du fort.  il eut eté cruel et inutile de mettre le feu a quelques maisons de particuliers, et M. Le Baron Dangely a dedaigné avec raison un pareil trophée, au reste si le ucces de cette Expedition a eté nul, la perte a eté tres peu considerable, elle ne consiste qu’en trois hommes blessés par le canon du fort, dont un Seul dangereusement.  M. Murison jeune officier américain venû de Fair field pour Servir comme volontaire dans L’expedition, et qui sy est conduit avec la plus grande fermeté a eû un bras cassé par une Mitraille.  je fais prendre de lui toutes Sortes de soins, et j’espere que dans peu de tems, il sera en etat de Servir de nouveau sa patrie
                  Je Suis avec respect Monsieur De votre Excellênce Le Tres humble et Tres obeissant Serviteur

                     barras


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 15 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

                     Dr Sr
                     Hd Qrs Dobbs Ferry July 15 1781

                  One Losee, formerly an Inhabitant of this State, now a Deserter from the Enemy, is send to your Excellency’s disposal.  It is asserted by a Certain Berrian (immediately from the Enemy) that Losee, was an Emissary charged with Dispatches for the Enemy at the Northward; I am also told Col. Dayton has recd similar information of him.  I have &c.


Title: From George Washington to James Clinton, 15 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, James

                  Dear Sir

                     Head Quarters Dobbs’ Ferry July 15th 1781

                  I have written to General Schuyler to have all the Boats, Oars & Plank which he has been able to procure for the Public instantly sent to West Point & mentioned that you would furnish men for the purpose—I have now to request that you will order exactly a sufficient number of men, properly officered from the 2nd New York Regt to bring these Boats immediately down the River; the Boats will be delivered to the Orders of Major Genl McDougall.  I am &c.


Title: From David Humphreys to New York Officers Commanding at Verplanks Point, 15 July 1781
From: Humphreys, David
To: Officers Commanding at Verplanks Point, New York

                     SirHd Qrs near Dobbs Ferry July 15 ‘781

                  I am Commanded by his Excellency the Commander in Cheif to inform you that five of the Enemys’ Vessels passed Dobbs ferry up the river just at Evening one of 22 another of 16 Guns the other three smaller—and to direct that no more Vessels or Boats whatever be permitted to come down the river untill further Orders—You will be particularly Vigilant at your Post, communicate the same intelligence & instruction to the Commandg Officer of Stony Point, & transmit a Copy of this Letter immediately to Majr Genl McDougall.  I am Sir &c.


Title: From George Washington to Richard Henry Lee, 15 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Richard Henry

                     Dear Sir;Camp near Dobbs’s ferry July 15th 1781

                  The moving state in wch the Army was, at the time your letter of the 12th Ulto came to hand—the junction of the Allied troops, which was upon the point of being formed—and a variety of matters which have occurred since that period consequent of this junction rather than a disinclination to continue a correspondence the benefits of which have been in my favor must plead an excuse for my long silence—Unconscious of having given you just cause to change the favourable sentiments you have expressed for me I could not suppose you had altered them—and as I never suffer reports, unsupported by proofs, to have a weight in My Mind I know no reason why our correspondence should cease, or become less frequent than heretofore, excepting, on my part, that as our affairs became more perplexing & embarrassed the public claimed more of my attention & consequently left me less leizure for private endulgencies—That this has been the case in an eminent degree for sometime past a Gentleman as well acquainted with public affairs as you are, need not be told.
                  The distresses of Virginia I am but too well acquainted with—but in my judgment the plan you have suggested as a relief for it, is a greater proof of your unbounded confidence in me than it is that the means proposed would be found adequate to the end in view were it practicable to make the experiment; which, at present, is not; as there are insuperable obstacles to my removing from the immediate command of the combined troops—the reasons for this opinion I cannot entrust to paper—at all times liable to miscarriage, & peculiarly so of late.
                  I am fully perswaded however (and upon good military principles) that the measures I have adopted will give more effectual & speedier relief to the State of Virginia than if I was to March thither with dictatorial powers at the head of every Man I could draw from hence without leaving the important posts on the North river quite defenseless, & these States open to devastation & ravage—When I say this I would be understood to mean—if I am properly supported (and I have asked no extraordinary succours) by the States Eastward of Jersey, inclusive—My present operation and which I have been preparing for with all the Zeal & activity in my power, will, I am morally certain If I am properly supported produce one of two things—the fall of New York—or a withdraw of the Troops from Virginia—excepting a Garrison at Portsmouth, at which place I have no doubt of the enemys intention to establish a permanent post—A Long land March, in which we have never failed to dissipate half our Men—the difficulty, & expence of transportation—and other reasons not less powerful but wch I dare not commit to writing, decided me in my present plan & My hopes, I trust, will not be disappointed.
                  In half an hours conversation I could, I flatter myself, convince you of the utility of my measures; but as I have before observed, I dare not attempt it by letter, because I have already had two or three important ones intercepted in the mails the sight of which I am perswaded occasioned the retrograde movemts of Lord Cornwallis, & will be the means of bringing part of his force to New York—to the accomplishment of one part of my plan.
                  The fatal policy of short enlistmts (the primary cause of all our misfortunes—the prolongation of the War—and the source of the immense debt under which we labour) is now shedding its baneful influence upon our measures & I am labouring under all the disadvantages & evils which result from them & the want of Men—It can be no News to tell you, that by the expiration of the terms of enlistment I was left last Winter with a force so much reduced as to be scarcely able to garrison West point; but it may be News, and is not less true than surprizing to you to hear that not half of the men which were required to be with the Army, as recruits for the Continental Battns, by the first of Jany, last are yet arrived—and of those asked by me from the Militia, not one is come.
                  But a few words more & I will put an end to this long letter—No endeavour of mine has been wanting to obtain a superior Naval force in these Seas—nor to employ that which we have, to valuable purposes—how far I have succeeded in the latter is but too obvious—how far I may see my wishes accomplished in the former, time will discover.  with great esteem and regard I remain Dr Sir—Yr most Obedt & Hble Servt

                     Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Alexander McDougall, 15 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

                  Dear Sir

                     Head Quarters near Dobbs’s ferry July 15th 1781

                  I received your’s with the returns enclosed.  I have desired General Schuyler to forward to West Point with all possible dispatch, the boats that are at present fit for Service.
                  Immediately upon their arrival at your post, I wish you to have them safely moored in some convenient Cove, and Guarded in such a manner, as will effectually prevent any person from useing them (or the oars, plank &c. that may be sent with them) on any pretence whatever.  I am Dear Sir your most Obedt Servt

                     Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to John Augustine Washington, 15 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Washington, John Augustine

                  My dear Brother,

                     Camp near Dobbs’ ferry 15th July 1781

                  A letter to which the inclosed is an answer, was accompanied by one from you—the load of business, & constant hurry which attends me, obliges me to have recourse to shifts to avoid writing, & to husband time.  to this you are to ascribe the expedient of sending the Letter of Colo. Lee under a flying seal to you, as it will answer the end of a seperate communication of the same sentiments.
                  I wait in anxious expectation of the Reinforcements demanded of the surrounding States.  the enemy, we are told, are also waiting for the whole, or part of their Troops from Virginia; which will obtain them first is as uncertain, as it is interesting.  It is long since I wrote to you—in truth our affairs during the whole Winter & spring, laboured under such complicated embarrassments, & distress, that I had no time to write, or think of any thing but the means most likely to extricate them.  I offer with much sincerity & truth, my best wishes to my Sister & the rest of your family & with every sentiment of affectionate regard I am Yrs

                     Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Board of War, 16 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

                  Gentlemen

                     Head Quarters near Dobbs’s Ferry 16 July 1781.

                  I very much approve and am exceedingly obliged by the Resolutions which have been entered into by the Board for the supply of my table, and which have been communicated to me by Mr secretary Carleton.  I have for a long time past seen the advantages which would arise from having a trusty person about me in the character of a Steward, and have endeavoured without effect to procure such an one.  The Choice of this person the Board have been pleased to leave to me, but as I see no chance of finding one, properly qualified, in or about the army, I must request the further favor of them to take measures by advertizement or otherwise to procure one in Philada which I think the most likely place.  A man who has served with reputation as Butler to a Gentlemans family, or as principal Waiter and Caterer to a genteel Tavern would answer better than one unused to such offices—as setting out a table ought to be part of his business as well as providing for it.  I have the honor to be &ca.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas McKean, 16 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To: McKean, Thomas

                  sir.
                     Head Quarters near Dobb’s Ferry 16th July 1781

                  I have been duly honored by the Receipt of your Excellency’s Favor of the 8th instant—with a Resolution of Congress of the 7th & an Extract of a Letter from Goverr Greene of the 7th of June, inclosed.
                  Your Excellency is not unacquainted with the Measures which had been taken to draw forth the Aid of Militia for the Security of the State of Rhode Island, on the Withdraw of the French Troops from Newport—it is unnecessary for me to recapitulate on that Head.
                  I have also received a Letter from Govr Greene on the same Subject—to which I had replied previous to the Receipt of your Excellency’s Favor.  I have the Honor to be with perfect Regard & Esteem Your Excellency’s Most Obedient and humble Servant

                     Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Joseph Reed, 16 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Reed, Joseph

                     sirHead Quarters near Dobbs Ferry 16th July 1781

                  I am honored with your Excellency’s Favor of the 7th.  I am exceedingly happy to find that the mode of procuring the specific Supplies demanded of the state is now upon such a footing that we may hope for a full & regular Compliance in future: and I doubt not but if the other States will follow the Example, and appropriate a proportion of their Revenue to the Disposal of the Superintendant of Finance, we shall soon see our Affairs assume a new & pleasing Appearance, I am convinced that the sole Hope of the Enemy has long rested upon the deranged State of our Finances.  Indeed all our late Difficulties and Distresses have proceeded from that Source; for I believe it will be confessed, that the Country, since the Commencement of the War, never abounded so much in Resources as at present.
                  The Resolve of Congress of 25th May having no Retrospect, I can put no other than my former Construction upon it, which was, that all Promotions in the Artillery & Cavalry, were to be made up to that Date upon the Principles which had governed for three Years in those Corps—Is it not strange that the Officers of the Regiment, late Proctors, should be the only ones who claim a Right to an Exemption from what they very well know has been the Rule of Service?  It is but a few Days ago, that a memorial from them to Congress upon the same Subject was handed to me by the Board of War—when I answered it in the same manner that I had before done to the Council.
                  Your Excellency cannot oblige me more, than by interestg yourself in raising the Rifle Corps.  We experienced the Want of such a Body of men in a little Affair near Kingsbridge the Beging of this Month, in which our Troops were galled considerably by the Hessian Jagers, who did Execution at a Distance to which our musquetry could not reach.
                  The Proceedings upon Lieut. Bigham are transmitted by this Conveyance to the Board of War—Your Excellency can therefore call upon them for a Copy of the whole, or such Extracts as may be necessary.  I have the Honor to be with great Respect & Esteem Your Excellencys most Obedt Servant

                     Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Anthony Wayne, 16 July 1781
From: Wayne, Anthony
To: Washington, George

                  Dear General

                     Woodson’s Ferry, James River 16 July 1781

                  The Retreat of Lord Cornwallis to Portsmouth, & the advance of Colonel Tarlton with about nine hundred men, Cavalry, and Infantry towards South Carolina, probably with a view of putting General Greene in a disagreeable situation, has determined the Marquis la Fayette to order the Pennsylvania, and Virginia troops under my command to that quarter.
                  The smallness of our numbers has also induced us to throw the pennsylvanians into two battallions, sending field, and other Officers from each corps, sufficient to bring on as many men as may be ready to reinforce us, together with shoes, and other articles of clothing of which we stand much in need.
                  When we first left York our numbers were greatly deficient, those who were returned sick absent still remain in Pennsyla, which added to the loss sustained in action, & other casualties incident to all armies, renders it absolutely necessary to call for a reinforcement from each regiment.  By a comparative view of the within return, with that sent from York, your Excellency will see the necessity of forwarding all such as may be clothed, and equiped, with all possible dispatch.
                  I have the pleasure to inform you that a few days respite has restored many men who from fatigue were begining to fall sick; and that a great proportion of our wounded will be able to take the field in a little time.  May I hope for your influence on this occasion and to believe me with much esteem Your Excellency’s most obedient and very humble Servt

                     Anty Wayne


Title: To George Washington from Joseph Carleton, 17 July 1781
From: Carleton, Joseph
To: Washington, George

                     Sir
                     War Office July 17th 1781

                  The Board beg leave to request your Excellency’s opinion upon the inclosed plans, for promoting and appointing Officers in the Hospital Department.  I have the Honor to be with the highest respect yr Excellency’s Most Obedt Hble servant

                     Jos: Carleton Secy

                Enclosure

                        At a Board of War June 19th 1781

                     PresentMr PetersColo. GraysonThe Board in obedience to the directions of Congress to report a plan of succession for the Hospital and Medical Departments of the Army beg leave to suggest the following arrangement.
                        That all present vacancies of hospital physicians and surgeoncies be filled up by the eldest hospital Surgeons and Mates.
                        That in future the right of succession by Seniority take place from regimental Surgeons to Hospital Physicians and Surgeons inclusive; excluding all such as shall on examination of the Director of the Hospitals and Chief Physicians of the Army be certified to be disqualified for promotion.
                        That the persons requisite to fill the higher grades in the Hospital and Medical Department be appointed from time to time by Congress according to merit and abilities.
                        That the States appoint regimental Surgeons to the Battalions of their respective Lines.
                        That all regimental Surgeons to Battalions or Corps not belonging to the line of any particular State be nominated by the Director of the Hospital and the chief Physician and Surgeon of the Army with the approbation of the Commander in Chief.

                Enclosure
                                                            Resolved

                            14 July 1781

                     That a Board shall be held as often as the Commander in Chief shall direct, to consist of the Director——, the Chief Physician of the Army or one chief physician, of the Hospitals  and two Hospita Physicians & Surgeons then present; of which a Field Officer shall be President, and have a vote when the Board are divided; whose duty it shall be to examine all Persons whatsoever applying for the Appointments of Mates in the Hospital Department, and report to Congress their fitness or unfitness for the Post they Solicit; and none shall be appointed as Mates in the said Department, unless they shall be recommended by the said Board: And it is farther Resolved, That when any vacancies shall happen in the Hospital Department, the Promotion shall go on, by regular Progression, from Mates of the Hospital, to the highest offices of the same; except when Congress shall think proper, for special Reasons, to interfere.
                     N.B..  Surgeons & Mates of Regiments being of the Election of the particular States; Question "how can they be united to the Hospital Department?".

                Enclosure

                        At a Board of War July 14th 1781

                     PresentMr PetersColo. GraysonGenl Cornell
                     The Board have considered the letter of the Director Genl referred to them, desiring that the vacancies in the Hospital Department may be filled up.
                        Report the following resolve
                        Resolved That a Board shall be held as often as the Commander in Chief shall direct to consist of the Director, the Chief Physician of the Army, or one Chief Physician of the Hospital and two Hospital Physicians and Surgeons then present of which a general officer shall be President and have a Vote when the Board are divided; whose Duty is shall be to examine all Persons whatsoever whether they be of the Hospital Department or whether they be Regimental Surgeons or Mates or those who have retired from the Army on half Pay, or of the Citizens at large who shall solicit Promotion in the Hospital Department, and to report their fitness or unfitness to Congress for the Post they require, and none shall be promoted to vacancies or receive any appointment in the said Department unless they shall be recommended by the Said Board, and except when Congress shall on extraordinary Occasions think proper, specially to interfere: Provided also that where the Merit of Applicants is equal, that Senerioty in that Instance shall prevail.


Title: To George Washington from Nathanael Greene, 17 July 1781
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

                  Sir

                     Head Quarters on the high Hills of  Santee July 17th 1781.

                  Since I wrote  your Excellency at little River near Ninety Six I have been favored with your dispatch of June the 1st.  It affords me great pleasure to hear that an attack is meditating against New York.  This measure no doubt will create a powerful diversion in favor of the Country; and I wish most ardently that the Northern States may enable you to compleat its reduction.  But I confess this is so important an object that I can hardly flatter myself with so fortunate an event.  The copy of my former Letters to Congress will inform your Excellency of the measures I took for the defence of Virginia; and inclosed is a copy of my Letter to Congress giving an account of our movements in this quarter since we raised the seige of Ninety Six.  I hope the steps I took both with respect to Virginia and here will meet your approbation.  The Marquis has conducted the operations in Virginia as far as I can learn with great good conduct and I hope Congress will give him a testimony of their good opinion of it.  When I found Virginia was going to be attacked in so formidable a manner I halted all the Troops coming to the Southward, and determined to struggle with the little force I had in the best manner I could, untill I could learn better the Enemy’s intentions in that quarter.  I thought upon the whole it was much better to keep up the War here than to give up three States in an attempt to afford Virginia such an ineffectual reinforcement as I could have carried to her aid, which must have been greatly reduced by a march of at least 400 miles.  Besides if I had left this Country the Enemy would have been able to detach to Virginia a far greater force than I could have carried there; and the efforts of the militia in this quarter for want of countenance would have totally ceased.  All these considerations determined me in the line of conduct I pursued, and I hope time will shew the measure to be warranted from every principle of good policy.
                  The late European intelligence I am apprehensive will determine the Enemy upon a new plan of conducting the War.  For instead of attempting to over-run the whole Country, I expect they will make an effort to compleat the reduction of two States, and secure their possession in New York.  Intelligence therefore from the Northward will be important.  Should your Excellency get any information by which their intentions may be explained I beg you will forward it with all possible dispatch.  I am with great respect and regard Your Excellencys most obedt humble servt

                     Nath. Greene


Title: To George Washington from Alexander McDougall, 17 July 1781
From: McDougall, Alexander
To: Washington, George

                     Sir.
                     West point 17th July 1781.

                  I was honored with your Excellency’s favor of the 15th instant.
                  Your Orders respecting the Boats expected from Albany will be punctually attended to.
                  The Salted meat is stopped coming on from the Eastward, and we have had fresh but once since I came to the Post.  all the former, except, what are in the works, is expended, and the Garrison has been three days on half allowance of meat.
                  The Commissary of the Post informs me we are to send to the army for Cattle, when any are to be got.  This arrangement causes the Cattle to be driven sixty miles farther than necessary; besides the Disappointment it will create to the Garrison.  Very little Spirits fall to our lot, and if that article is to go the same Route with Cattle, the Cartage Waste and Peculation created by the increas’d Distance, will greatly encrease the Expence, and lessen the quantity.
                  Before I took the Command Necessity compelled the Expenditure of some of the salted provision in the works, and I have not had it in my power to replace it; nor do I see any prospect of being able to keep the quantity of that article in them, which your order directs.  as far as it shall be in my power it will be executed.
                  One third of that part of the Garrison composed of Detachments from the army are useless to the public, and serve no other purpose than to expend our provision: they are old men and Children; principally new Recruits.  They swell your Returns but do not add to your efficient Force: they will soon contribute to fill your Hospital from their naked Condition, unless the Cloathing necessary for Soldiers is given them.
                  The Communication by Water is rendered so precarious by the Position of the Enemy’s Vessels and that which they can generally take, that it becomes my Duty to prevent any stores going further than Kings Ferry, but on orders from Head Quarters.  I have the Honor to be with great Respect your Excellency’s most humble Servant

                     Alexr McDougall

                     P.S.  Since I began this some Cattle have come on from the army—two days allowance for the Garrison.


Title: To George Washington from Thomas McKean, 17 July 1781
From: McKean, Thomas
To: Washington, George

                     Sir
                     Philadelphia. July 17th 1781.

                  a Mail from Falmouth having been captured, sundry original letters have been sent to Congress, from which the following are extracts.

                  Lord George Germain to the Commissioners for restoring Peace White Hall March 7th 1781.
                  "Your declaration of the 29. December inclosed in your joint dispatch will I trust be productive of all the good effects you hope from it and which so well timed a publication entitles you to expect and I shall be very happy to carry to the King an application to the King from any of the revolted Provinces for pardon and restoration of the privileges of british subjects.
                  The narrow limits to which you have reduced your exceptions and the generality of the assurances you have given of a restoration of the former constitutions were I doubt not well considered and judged necessary and expedient but as there are many things in the constitutions of some of the Colonies and some things in all which the People have allways wished to be altered and others which the common advantage of both countries requires to be changed it is necessary to be attentive that neither your acts or declarations preclude any disquisition of such subjects or prevent such alterations being made in their constitutions as the people may solicit or consent to.  The Instrustions transmitted to the trustees of rebel Estates in Carolina appear to be very proper and applicable to the case of the british Creditors and those to whom I have communicated them express themselves well satisfied with them."

                  From the same to Sir Henry Clinton Fby 7th 1781.
                  "It gave his majesty particular satisfactions to find you had determined to replace Major Genl Leslies detachment in Elizabeth river by one under Brigd. Genl Arnold with positive orders to establish a permanent post there—I learn with great pleasure from Private letters of the 22d December that you were preparing a very considerable Body of troops for immediate embarkation, which I flatter myself, from an expression in one of your letters to Vice Admiral Arbuthnot, will be employed in conjunction with the loyal Associators of Maryland and Pensylvania, in reducing those provinces to the King’s obedience, while Lord Cornwallis and Brigadier Gen: Arnold subdue Virginia, for such is beyond all doubt the low condition of the Congress authority and finances and so weak the state of Washingtons army that little opposition is to be expected in that quarter and none that can resist such a force as without the least hazard to new York or charlestown may be assembled there.  You were perfectly right in your interpretation of the Vice Admirals orders for detaching five ships to the West Indies and I was happy to find he acquiesced in your Judgement upon that occasion.
                  The return of the people of Vermont to their allegiance is an event of the Utmost importance to the Kings affairs and at this time if the French and Washington really meditate an irruption into Canada may be considered as opposing an insurmountable bar to the attempt.  Genl Haldiman who had the same Instructions with you to draw over those people and give them support will I doubt not push up a body of troops to act in conjunction with them to secure all the avenues thro’ their Country into Canada and when the season admits take possession of the upper parts of the Hudson’s and Connecticuts rivers and cutt of the communication between Albany and the Mohawk country how far they may be able to extend themselves to the southward and eastward must depend upon their number and the disposition of the Inhabitants but if Albany should take part with them the inducement to attempt to open a communication with them by the Hudson’s river will appear irresistable to people here.  I am sorry I cannot inform you that the transports with the recruits are sailed from Cork, where the three regiments are in readiness to join them but a long continuance of easterly winds first prevented the ships getting round to Portsmouth and now the westerly winds detain them there but they are all at Spithead with their convoy ready to put to sea the moment the wind will permit them to sail.  The ordnance store ship which has 5000 stand of arms on board for Carolina being still in the river I have ordered 3000 stand to be sent by land carriage to Portsmouth and there distributed on board the Transports as I understand they are much wanted for arming the Loyalists.  They are addressed to the commander of the forces in South Carolina."

                  From Lord George Germaine to Sir H. Clinton dated White Hall 7 March 1781.
                  "SirSince my letter to you of the 7th of Feby I have received your dispatches numbered four 113 to 117 inclusive, and laid them before the King.
                  The revolt of the Pensylvania line and Jersey brigade th’o not attended with all the good consequences that might have been expected, are certainly events of very great importance and must have very extensive effects both in reducing Washingtons present force, and preventing its being recruited by new levies, and as I doubt not you will avail yourself of his weakness and your own great superiority to send a considerable force to the head of the Chesepeak, as soon as the season will permit operations to be carried on in that quarter, I flatter myself the southern provinces will be recovered to his Majesty’s obedience before the long promised succours, none of which are yet sailed, can arrive from France, And Mr Washington unable to draw subsistence for his troops from the west side of Hudsons river, be compelled to cross it and take refuge in the eastern provinces—I am very anxious to hear of Lord Cornwallis’s progress since Genl Leslie joined him, I have no doubt his movements will be rapid and decisive, for his Lordship appears to be fully impressed with the absolute necessity of vigorous exertions in the service of this Country in its present circumstances, the success of Genl Arnold’s enterprize up James River which the rebel news paper’s confirm, must greatly facilitate his Lordship’s operations by cutting off Green’s supplies, and obliging the militia to return to take care of their own property, Indeed so very contemptible is the rebel force now in all parts and so vast is our superiority every where that no resistance on their part is to be apprehended that can materially obstruct the progress of the King’s Arms in the speedy suppression of the rebellion, and it is as pleasing tho’ at the same time a mortifying reflection when the duration of the rebellion is considered which arises from a view of the returns of the Provincial forces you have transmitted, that the american Levies in the Kings services are more in number than the whole of the inlisted troops in the service of the Congress.
                  I am very glad to find you have commissioned a board of Directors of the refugees and I hope the Admiral will have been able to spare them shipping to carry on their operations on the sea coast of the New England provinces, maney of those within the lines who are unfit for military service are desirous of being settled in the Country about Penobscot, and require only to be supplied with Provisions for the first year, some tools for husbandry and Iron work for their buildings, and as it is proposed to settle that Country, and this appears a cheap method of disposing of these Loyalists as it is wished you would encourage them to go there under the protection of the associated refugees and assure them that a Civil Government will follow them in due time for I hope in the cource of the summer the Admiral and you will be able to share a force sufficient to effect an establishment at Casco Bay and reduce that country to the kings obedience.
                  I am very glad to find by the list of the officers released that the exchanges have been carried so far but as it appears from Mr Washingtons last letter to you that they will not be carried on further; the measure of enlisting their prisoners for service in the west Indies should be adopted immediately and in deed such has been the mortality from sickness among the troops there, that I do not see any other means of recruiting them.
                  I am sorry to acquaint that the general prevalence of westerly winds for these last two months has prevented the Warwick and Solebay with their Convoy from getting further than Plymouth, where they are still detained."
                  It further appears from these letters, that Arnold has received Bills of Exchange for five thousand pounds sterling on London, which have been paid and the money invested in the Stocks—This was probably the certain reward of his treasons, the rest may have been eventual.
                  Congress are possessed of the originals from which the foregoing extracts are taken.  I am, Sir, with the utmost regard, Your Excellency’s most obedient humble servant

                     Tho. McKean President


Title: To George Washington from Lewis Nicola, 17 July 1781
From: Nicola, Lewis
To: Washington, George

                     Sr
                     Philada 17 July 1781.

                  When I had the honour of writing last to your Excellency I expected in a few days to have informed you of our arrival at Trenton but have been dis appointed, not being able to procure a warrant for the pay that has been promised to the regiment, unhappy least this delay should be attributed to me & I should incur your censure I applied yesterday morning to the President & several members of Congress requesting certain information whether the warrant would be granted or not & in the afternoon waited at the State house ’till Congress broke up & was informed by the Secretary that the matter was referred to the Board of war who had authority to draw what warrants they saw necessary for the Invalid regt.  As the Board is not to meet ’till between 10 & 11 this morning I was desirous to gain as much time as possible I waited on Genl Cornel & informed him of the above at the same time acquainted him that I intended waiting immediately on the Qr Mr Genl & requiring shallops against to morrow afternoon to carry us to Trenton as I was determined to depart with or without money; the Genl did me the honor to call on the Board this morning when the matter should be determined.  If any opportunity of writing from Trenton or on the road I shall give you every information in my power.  I have the honour to assure you that I am with respect Your Excellencies Most obed. Servant
                  Lewis Nicola Col. Inv.I have been with the Board of war & obliged to compromise the matter & take half the money we expected, I have also called at the D. Qr Mr Genl & am informed it is uncertain whether we can be supplied with shallops to morrow, that depending on the return of two continental vessels gone down the river with provisions to the Trumbul frigate, the D.Q.M. Genl having neither money or credit to hire others.


Title: To George Washington from Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 17 July 1781
From: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de
To: Washington, George

                      17 July 1781

                  I Send to your Excellency the order from the Commander of the artillery, to have fifteen thousand sand bags delivered at Providence, on your Excellency’s Command.  it is the half of what we have, and we’ll Share them together, as we Will the Champaign, of which I send to your Excellency a Basket, just arrived.


Title: To George Washington from Elijah Taylor, 17 July 1781
From: Taylor, Elijah
To: Washington, George

                  May it Please your Excellency

                     Dobbses-Ferry July 17th 1781

                  Altho’ I have chearfully served my Country without intermission of upwards of six years yet it is with the utmost Regret that I find myself at this late Period under the Disagreeable necessity of Requesting a Discharge from it’s service, because I can no longer support myself in the field, with the least Degree of Decency or grant that support to a young Riseing Family which the common Bonds of nature Demands of me—Alltho’ these are Reasons which I think sufficient to induce a man of feelings to quit the field—yet I have others which (if possible) more immediately distress me; I have for more than five years had the misfortune to be exercised with a Rupture, which for near a year past has arisen to such a Degree, that many times it is with great pain and Difficulty that I perform my Duty; and I find by unhappy experience that this Disorder increases in proportion to the Fatigue, and hardship I undergo; wherefore I have great Reason to fear, it will soon render me quite incapable for the Duty of my present station, or of providing for a comfortable subsistance any other way—As this is my Real situation, and the reason of my Request—I Pray your Excellency to have Compassion on my feellings, and grant the Request of your Excellencies most Obedient and very Hume Servant

                     Elijah Taylor Ensn 5th Connt. Regt


Title: To George Washington from Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 17 July 1781
From: Trumbull, Jonathan, Sr.
To: Washington, George

                     Dear Sir
                     Lebanon 17th July 1781.

                  Since my last to Your Excellency, I have received a letter from General Parsons dated 10th instant, filled with severe remarks and reflections on our legislature—copy thereof, with my answers, is enclosed.
                  I wish to do the things that make for peace with both officers and men of the Connecticut line of the army, consisting of our own people raised for defending and securing the rights & liberties of the whole, embarked in the same common cause, and to return to citizens again when the contest with the British King and Ministry is ended, to prevent if possible, discord and division so very dangerous in our situation, and hazardous to our present operations.  Surely the officers do not desire to inflame the soldiery with apprehensions that the Assembly deny them that justice which was done them the last year, with which they were satisfied, when the Committee from the line know the whole accounts of pay and wages were gone through and ready to be closed on the same principles, and that nothing remained in question but only the detained rations of the officers—This was not agitated—till it became time for the Committee to return to their duty; when there was scarcely time for the members of so numerous a body to deliberate on the subject—Eight pence half penny ⅌ Ration was offered from 1st April 1780—Many were of opinion that by the time of payment that rate would be more than sufficient for the same—others proposed to secure a specific payment—as to what was due before that 1st April 1780, it naturally lay open for the direction of the Honble Congress—In the midst of these deliberations the Committee left us unexpectedly—I observe no design to deny justice to the officers, to the soldiery there could be none—The accounts were fully agreed, prepared, and ready to be closed—I choose to forbear any recrimination—Yet suffer me to inquire—why the Committee from the Line did not bring on the settlement for detained rations earlier—they knew it must require time of deliberation, when they well knew the principles for settlement of pay & wages were agreed on the last year—do they mean to press for more than justice from the necessity of their present services, and the fears of fatal consequences if denied?  The whole Line know and ought to consider their pay and wages are secured in full ratio, while depreciation operates as a heavy tax upon the rest of the people.  The officers may likewise consider that their pay was raised by Congress 50 pr Cent above what the State agreed with them for—The maxim adopted by the Enemy is that old one of divide et impere—will we suffer avarice to divide and ruin us & our cause, and give them opportunity to exult and triumph over us.
                  Providence hath, and doth smile propitiously upon us, and calls aloud for union, vigorous exertions, patience & perseverance, and to endure hardship as good Soldiers, that the end may be peace—Justice & peace side together in the same chariot—It will be my constant endeavour that peace may be obtained on just and honorable terms; and that justice be done to them who jeopard their lives in the high places of the field, in defence of, and to secure the blessings of freedom for ourselves and posterity.
                  I wrote yesterday to the Treasurer to inform me this week what sum of hard money is and can be immediately collected for the army, which shall be sent forward without delay.
                  The measures directed, and orders given for raising and marching our troops to the army, are now diligently carrying into execution.  I have the Honor to be with every Sentiment of Esteem & Consideration Your Excellencys Most Obedient hble Servant

                     Jonth; Trumbull

                Enclosure

                     Sir

                        Camp near Dobbs’s Ferry 10th July 1781.

                     Your Excellency’s letter of last February—assuring me of a very speedy supply of money for the troops—similar assurances given by the Council in March and April, and Your Excellency’s direction to promise them a months pay in solid Coin by the first of this month have been communicated to the line from time to time—but to this time promises are all they have received, and they believe ’tis all they will receive—more than fifteen months have elapsed without their receiving a farthing of pay, or any other satisfaction for their services, and they think themselves worse than neglected—I have reason to fear very unhappy consequences will very speedily result from this neglect, and the refusal of the legislature to adjust their accounts, and even at this hour I fully believe nothing retains a great proportion of your officers, but an expectation of a very speedy answer to the general’s letter wrote Your Excellency on the subject of the denial to settle with your army.  I can in no measure hold myself answerable for the fidelity of your troops under the repeated disappointments they have met with—Justice to my country and myself require me to be explicit in noticing the Council of the probable consequences of their neglect, ’tis their duty to prevent the fatal effects which will probably flow from a denial of justice, and ’tis mine to be importunate to procure that justice which your army have a right to expect and demand—in which case let consequences ever so fatal follow their neglect, I stand justified—Every other State have done much towards satisfying the just demands of their troops, and Connecticut, the best able of any State in the Union, have done nothing.  I must intreat Your Excellency to enable me to give them some satisfaction, as to further promises I can make them none, the very many I have been directed by the Council to make have already rendered my assurances of little avail, and ’tis unjust for me to make another essay to quiet them in that way.  I shall make trial to quiet their minds, untill there is time to have an answer to this letter, at which period, without money or an answer, I must submit to whatever effects flow from the neglect of the State to do justice.  I am, with great Esteem Your Excellency’s Obedient Servant

                        Saml H. Parsons

                Enclosure

                        Sir
                        Lebanon 16th July 1781.

                     Your letter of the 10th instant is before me.  The letter you refer to from General Washington I have received & answered.  You doubtless have by this time, or very soon will be favored with a copy of that, which will serve in general as an answer to yours under consideration.  Some particular remarks however may be both necessary and useful in so critical a period as the present—In your letter to General Washington, and yours to me, you charge the legislature of this State with refusing to settle and adjust the accounts of the army, and with denying them justice, and say they do not believe they shall ever have any thing from the public but promises, and that you cannot hold yourself answerable for the fatal consequences that may follow from the conduct of our assembly.  The assembly do not consider you as any further answerable than faithfully to perform and fulfill the trust reposed in you, an essential part of which is making a fair and just representation both to the public and the army, in all matters that concern your office, the good of the public, and the peace of the army.  It appears to me and my Council that you are too severe in your remarks, and that a candid attention to what the assembly have done and are doing to raise money for the army—and the exertions people at home are making for that purpose—the extream difficulty of collecting hard money just when the people are called on to recruit the army at so great an expence; and further, that it is a fact that the assembly have complied with all the army requested in point of justice in settlement, excepting actual payment, and a trifling dispute relative to the detained rations of some of the officers, in which the army as such, that is the soldiery, have no interest, for which rations the assembly allowed 8 1/2 except for the time Congress made allowance from time to time as they thought fit—subject to such further allowance as may appear to them reasonable—and every thing proper for the assembly to have done, might have been settled, had not the officers refused—it appears to me if you attend to these facts, you will see that your complaints are not well founded, and that if you make the same representations to the army as you do to us, they must be extremely dangerous.  It is not necessary to make any more promises, as I have no doubt the money proposed will soon be sent forward, as every possible exertion is making for that purpose.  I am also persuaded there is no just ground to fear but the assembly will ever be disposed to do strict justice to the army, and all circumstances considered—it is undoubtedly the duty of every officer in the army to exert himself in this critical situation of our affairs to quiet the army, by representing to them, that notwithstanding the many hardships and disappointments they meet with, the assembly and people at home have not only an affecting sense of these distresses but are exerting themselves to their utmost to provide reliefs and that as our medium is now likely to be certain, we may reasonably hope that our public affairs will soon wear a better face—As these are undoubted realities, I doubt not but the officers will endeavour to make the whole army realize them—We are all embarked in the same cause—our interest can be but one, and I doubt not but that by the blessing of God our joint exertions will soon procure us a happy peace.  I am, with Esteem & Regard Sir Your Obedient hble Servant

                        J; T——ll

                        Copy


Title: To George Washington from François-Jean de Beauvoir, marquis de Chastellux, 18 July 1781
From: Chastellux, François-Jean de Beauvoir, marquis de
To: Washington, George

                     dear general
                     camp july 18, 1781

                  your excellency Knows very well that it is an old precept to offer the tytles of all earthly goods to the ministers of god.  I think in my opinion that the true ministers of god are those who at the risk of their life employ their virtues and abilities to promote the happiness of mankind which consists for the greatest part in freedom and liberty.  accordingly I believe that I am bound in duty to present your excellency with one of ten barrels of claret that I have just received.  if you was, dear general, unkind enough not to accept of it, I should be apt to think that you want to prevent the blessings of heaven to fall upon me, or, as I was saying yesterday that you are an ennemy to french produce, and have a little of the tory in your composition.  whatsoever by the high opinion that I entertain of your excellency I wish to judge by that criterion and to guess by it of your dispositions for the french troops and for myself.  I have the honour to be with all respect and attachment Dear general your most humble and obedient servant

                     le ch. de chastellux


Title: To George Washington from Moses McFarland, 18 July 1781
From: McFarland, Moses
To: Washington, George

                     Sir
                     Boston July 18th 1781

                  In Compliance with your Excellency’s Directions, communicated in a Letter of the 20th Ulto, I have made every Preparation to march those of the Corps of Invalids on this Station, to West Point; they will commence their March on the 19th Instant, & I hope will accomplish it in fifteen Days.
                  It has given me much uneasiness, to be unable to forward this Detachment sooner, but the want of Money, & the impossibility of obtaining any from the Treasury of this State for the Soldiery, untill this Time, will I hope, apologize for my not complying with your Excellencys Orders at an earlier Period.
                  The Detachment, consisting of four Commissioned Officers 4 Serjeants & 64 Rank & File is perhaps smaller than your Excellency’s Expectations, but it is as large as I could possibly make it, those which remain being totally unable to perform the March: they however can be employ’d to very good Advantage at the Post.  I have the Honor to be, with every possible Respect, Your Excellency’s most Obedient & very Humble Servant

                     Moses McFarland Capt. Comdt


Title: To George Washington from Joseph Reed, 18 July 1781
From: Reed, Joseph
To: Washington, George

                     Sir
                     In Council Philadelphia July 18th 1781

                  I have now the satisfaction to inform your Excellency that having with great difficulty accomplished a Loan of some hard money we have begun the recruiting the rifle corps requested by your Excellency, to the Command of which Major Parr has been appointed.  The plan of the business as well as the bounty was settled in concert with General St Clair, and Major Parr, and we flatter ourselves it will be as successful, as the busy season of harvest, and very high wages for labourers will admit.  I also take this opportunity to acquaint your Excellency that we have a prospect of a considerable addition to the Line from Men raised for eighteen Months by Classes agreeable to a late Law.  The object of this Law being to raise Men without any Commutation in Money—very considerable exertions are made by the respective Classes and bounties as high as twenty five pounds specie have been given I take the liberty to inclose your Excellency draughts of the recruiting Instructions in both cases—the Officers who were not necessary with the Troops are stationed in different places to receive the recruits.  I have the honour to be with the greatest respect Your Excellencys most obedient and very humble servant

                     Jos: Reed President


Title: To George Washington from John Paul Schott, 18 July 1781
From: Schott, John Paul
To: Washington, George

                     Wyoming July 18th 1781

                  The memorial of Captn John Paul Schott most Humble shewed.
                  that your memorialist has Served these United States ever since the 6d of Septmr 1776 as a Captn, and by the last Arrangement of the Army your Memorialist became Supernumerary that after delivering the noncomisioned offecers and Soldiers to Colo. Hazon, your memorialist then Calld at Head Quarters, but your Excellency were not at home, he then went to Philadelphia trying to get a Settlement and a little money, but after being Six weeks detained at Philadelphia your Memorialist got 150 Marreland States dollars which pass’d at the rate of 40 for one and the Hard  Money was then 170 for one, so that that Money did not pay your memorialist expences for the time he was Petitioning for it that your memorialist did not get any other Settlement then a Sertificate from the Authuor that there is due to your Memorialist 2024 Specia Dollars, that your memorialist is now at Wyoming Desdetute of every thing he therefor Most Humbly begs your Excellency will take his case in consideration and send him a recommentation on Congress so that you memorialist may get Some Money and a proper Settlement for his depresiation Pay due and your memorialist in duty bound—shall ever pray.

                     John P. Schott Captn


Title: General Orders, 19 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                     Head Quarters near Dobbs Ferry Thursday July 19th 1781
                     Parole Newport
                     Countersigns Choisy
                  Barras
                  For the day Tomorrow
                  Major General ParsonsLieutenant Colonel NewhalFor picquet  Major GibbsInspector    Captain SmithThe Guards are to be furnished with the countersigns at Retreat beating and no person suffered to pass into or out of camp after that time without giving it; or otherwise satisfying the officer of the guard they are stopped by.
                  The Brigade Quarter masters are to be particularly careful in having the offal buried as the Camp is becoming offensive.
                  Serjeant Asa Andrus of the first Connecticut regiment is appointed to do the duty of a Provost Marshal untill further orders and is to be obeyed as such.


Title: From George Washington to François-Jean de Beauvoir, marquis de Chastellux, 19 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Chastellux, François-Jean de Beauvoir, marquis de

                  Dear Sir 19 July 1781.

                     Head Quarters

                  You have taken a most effectual method of obliging me to accept your Cask of Claret—as I find, by your ingenious manner of stating the case, that I shall, by a refusal, bring my patriotism into question, and incur a suspicion of want of attachment to the French Nation, and of regard to you wch of all things I wish to avoid I will not enter into a discussion of the point of divinity, as I perceive you are a Master at that Weapon.  In short, my dear sir, my only scruple arises from a fear of depriving you of an Article that you cannot conveniently replace in this Country.  You can only releive me by promising to partake very often of that hilarity which a Glass of good Claret seldom fails to produce.


Title: To George Washington from Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 19 July 1781
From: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de
To: Washington, George

                     Camp at Dobbss ferry 19th July 1781

                  Questions by Genl Rochambeau
                  The Count de Barras in his Letter of the 13th instt and Mr De Choisy in his Letter of the 15th, demand both of them, Mr D. Choisy by the Desire of Mr D. Barras, what is to be the definitive Plan of operations that His Excellcy General Washington has fixed on, that they may make it known to the Count de Grasse on his arrival in these Seas, & so enable him to concur wth us—I beg of his Excellcy to fix on the Answer that I am to send to them, and at the same Time it will enable me to make before hand the necessary Preparations for the Corps of Troops that I command.
                  Let us suppose that the Count de Grasse does not look on it as practicable to force Sandy Hook; & that he does not bring with him any Land Troops: in these two Caces which appear very likely; because on One Hand, the Seamen look on Sandy Hook Bar as impossible to force, & on the other Hand because the Court of France makes no mention of any Troops to be brot here by the Count de Grasse, in the Letters that inform us of his Arrival here—In these two Caces, does his Excellcy think that with an Armey, while joined to the French Corps, will not be much more numerous than the Troops that defend New York, that it will be possible to undertake with Success something against that Place.
                  But if His Excellency does not look on it as practicable to risk it, could not the Operations be directed against Virginia, Mr D. Grasse be sent to Cheasapeak Bay & bring there the Detatchment of Mr De Choisey, & a part of His Excellency’s army—or the French Corps march as far as Elk River, where the Count de Grasse being master in Chesapeak Bay, would come to convoy him?  would not we be then in a Condition to undertake with Success on Lord Cornwallis & force him to evacuate Virginia.  That march of the French Corps would need to be prepared before hand; it would be necessary that Count de Barras, carry with him all our Seige Artillery, & bring with him all the Transports necessary to the Passage of the French Corps in the Bay of Cheasapeak.
               Answers by Genl WashingtonIt is next to impossible at this moment, circumstanced as we are, and labouring under uncertainties, to fix a definitive plan for the Campaign—definitive measures must depend upon Circumstances at the Time of the arrival of the Count de Grasse, particularly on the following.
                  1st  The Situation of the Enemy at that moment.
                  2d  On the Succours he shall bring with him—or on the Force we shall have collected by that Time.
                  3d  On the Operation & Advantages which may be gained by the Fleet in the moment of its Arrival—and—
                  4th  On the Continuance of the Fleet upon, & probability of its maintaing a decisive Superiority whilst it is here.
                  If the Fleet of Count de Grasse shoud be late in comg to this Coast—if the Count should not think it prudent to attempt forcg the passage of the Hook, or fail in makg the Attempt—if he shou’d bring no land Troops with him, & the American force should not be considerably augmented—I am of Opinion that under these Circumstances, we ought to throw a sufficient Garrison into W. Point—leave some Continental Troops & militia to cover the Country contiguous to N. York & transport the Remainder (both French & American) to Virginia, should the Enemy still keep a force there—the Season & other Circumstancs will admit of late Operations in that Quarter—To be prepared for such an Event, I think it highly expedient that Mr De Barras should hold all his Transports in the utmost readiness to take the Detatchment under Mr De Choisy & the heavy artillery at Providence on Board, & sail with them to meet the Troops either in Delaware or Cheasapeake as may be ultimately agreed upon.
                  But should the Fleet arrive in Season—not be limited to a short Stay—should be able to force the Harbour of N. York—& in addition to all these, should find the British Force in a divided State, I am of opinion that the Enterprize against N. York & its Dependancies should be our primary object.
                  To prevent the Enemy from a possibility of formg a Junction, & to lay a Foundation for their Ruin, I was anxious that Count de Barras, if he tho’t the Departure of the Royal Oak had given him a Superiority, should sail for Cheasapeak; an Event,
                     if the Superiority is on his Side, I devoutly Wish; as I am of opinion that much good, & no Evil, can result from it—the Reasons which induce the Count to decline that measure have been communicated by him to your Excellency & to me by Letter.
                  Upon the whole I do not see what more can be done, than to prosecute the Plan agreed to at Weathersfield, & to recommend it to the Count de Grasse to come imediately to Sandy Hook—& if possible possess the Harbour of N. York, at the moment of his Arrival—& them from a full View & Consideration of the Circumstances which exist, form a definitive Plan of Campaign upon the surest Grounds.

                     Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 19 July 1781
From: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de
To: Washington, George

                  Sir

                     at Camp July 19th 1781 7 P.M.

                  I just now received an answer from Mr De Choisy to my Letter of the 11th instant.  I have already sent to your Excellency one from Mr De Barras.  he seems to have resolved not to go out of the harbour, till his jonction with the grand fleet, But in his Last Letter and in that of Mr De Choisy I received to day, he asks that your Excellency would send him a definitive plan of your operations that he may make it known to the Count de Grasse at his arrival in our seas.  I beg of your Excellency to fix on an hour to morrow in the forenoon, that I may have a conference with you, I will bring with me the Chevalier de Chattellus, and if your Excellency chuses to send for General Du portail, they will be Interpreters to us for each other and we will agree on what your Excellency will think fit to propose to Count de Grasse, upon every emergency that can happen.  I am with respect and personal attachment, Sir, your Excellencys most obedient and most humble Servant

                     le cte de rochambeau


Title: General Orders, 20 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                     Friday July 20th 1781
                     Parole Newport
                     Countersigns Choise
                  Barras
                  For the day Tomorrow
                  Brigadier General GloverLieutenant Colonel BadlamFor Picquet  Major CliftInspector  Captain RobinsonFor the Working Party
                  Major WoodbridgeThe Regimental Surgeons are desired to be punctual in sending the Returns of the Sick of their respective regiments to the flying Hospital every saturday morning.
                  Untill further orders the Drum and Fife Majors of the several Corps in camp are to assemble every day at 10 ô clock A.M. in the wood in the rear of the second line to practise under the direction of the Inspector of Music who will attend for that purpose.
                  A working party under the command of a Major to parade tomorrow morning at eight ô clock on the Grand parade with their Arms and packs to march to Dobbs ferry to erect such fortifications as the Engineer at that Post shall point out.


Title: From George Washington to James Clinton, 20 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, James

                  Dear Sir

                     Head Quarters Dobb’s Ferry 20th July 1781.

                  I have recd your favor of the 12th I imagine before this reaches you, the first detachment of Boats will have been sent down. Should they not, you will be pleased to have the Light Company of Cortlands compleated and sent down with them. Should the Boats have come away, you will consider whether you can spare the light Company and have a sufficient number of Men left to bring down the remainder of the Boats which are building under the direction of Genl Schuyler—In that case you will send the Company immediately down and Major Fish with it. If you cannot, you will let theLlight Company man the next Boats that are ready.
                  Be pleased to let me know whether any Militia from Massachusetts have come in, or whether you have heard any thing of them—or of Genl Stark.  I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from James Clinton, 20 July 1781
From: Clinton, James
To: Washington, George

                     Sir,
                     Albany July 20th 1781

                  Your Excellency’s Letter of the 14th inst. I have been honor’d with.  I should have been happy that Money had arrived in Time to have prevented the late Murmur in the Regiment as every Circumstance of the kind is ulitmately distructive of military Discipline.
                  I have not received the least Intelligence of the Movements either of General Starks, or the Militia from the Eastward; nor do I know when to expect them.  If the second Regiment should be ordered down previous to their Arrival this Frontier will be left in a most exposed Situation: For altho’ the Troops are at a Distance from the Frontier, yet they are a Check upon the Disafected, who are zealously disposed to co-operate with the Enemy, and many of whom, we know were in the late Action opposed to Colo. Willet.
                  Captn Moody’s Company not having receiv’d any recruits this Campaign, are very inconsiderable amounting to about eighteen or twenty Men in Number: I conceive therefore they will be barely sufficient for the different Ports in the River &c.  I have the honor to be Sir Your most obt Huble Servant

                     James Clinton


Title: To George Washington from Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, 20 July 1781
From: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de
To: Washington, George

                     My dear General
                     Malvan Hill july 20h 1781

                  No Accounts from the North ward, No Letter from Head Quarters—I am utterly a Stranger to Every thing that passes out of Virginia—and Virginian Operations Being for the Present in a State of languor, I Have More time to think of My Solitude.  in a Word, My dear General, I am Home Sick and if I Can’t go to Head Quarters wish at least to Hear from there.
                  I am Anxious to know Your opinion Concerning the Virginia Campaign.  That the Subjugation of this State was the Great object with the Ministry is an Undisputable fact—I think Your diversion Has Been of More Use to this State than My Maneuvres.  But the later Have Been much Directed By political Views.  So long as Mylord wished for an Action, Not one Gun Has Been fired—The Moment He Declined it we Have Been Scarmishing—But I took Care never to Commit the Army—His Naval Superiority—His Superiority of Horse, of Regulars, His thousand Advantages over us were Such that I am lucky Enough to Have Come off Safe—I Had an Eye upon European Negotiations, and Made it a point to Give His Lordship the Disgrace of a Retreat.
                  So Soon as He Had Crossed He Improved the Opportunity to Send Tarleton into Amelia—But was Disapointed in the Stores which He expected to find, and which Had Been Previously Removed—I thought at first the Cavalry would join Rawdon, and detached Waïne and Morgan Either to Maneuvre Tarleton down or to determine His Course—Upon this He Retired with Precipitation towards Portsmouth Where the British Army is for the Present.
                  From Every Account it Appears a part of the Army will Embark—The Light Infantry—the Guards—the 80h Rgt—the Queen’s Rangers are it is Said Destined to Newyork—Of this I Have Sent Accounts By water to Rhode island But Question if the Boats will Arrive—My opinion Was the Cavalry Should push towards Carolina—But their Late Movements Seem to Indicate a Different Intention—Lord Cornwallis, I am told, is much Disappointed in His Hopes of Command—I Cannot find out what He Does with Himself—Should He go to England, we are, I think, to Rejoice for it—He is a Bold and Active Man, two dangerous qualities in this Southern war.
                  General Waïne’s Pennsylvanians Never Exceeded about 700—Fighting and Desertion Have Much Reduced them—I Have Sent Him to Goode’s Bridge upon Appamatox.  The three Pennsylvania Bataîllons Have Been Reduced to two—About 250 each fit for duty—to this I Have Added 300 Virginia New levies—General Morgan and 500 Riflemen with Some dragoons is also at Goode’s Bridge to Support Waïne—But the Moment the Embarkation sails Morgan will Return and the others proceed to Carolina—I Have obtained from the Executive that 2000 Militia Be ordered to Boyd’s ferry upon Dan River.  This force will Give General Greene a Decided Superiority.  I am Determined to Reinforce Him at My own Risks.  It is Important for the treaty that Carolina Be Reconquered.
                  The light Infantry and Whatever Militia Remains are Encamped upon Malvan Hill—the Most Airy and Healthy place this Side of the Mountains—I Have a post at Sandy Point to Examine the Ennemy’s Movements—I Shall Have Some Militia in the Vicinity of Williamsburg—The Glocester County Militia in their own County—Clel Parker Has Some on the South Side of James River—The few Boats that Remain are Collected at Four Miles Creek—Such is for the present our Situation—I Have Endeavoured to attend to the Health and Refreshment of our Men—while I Had parties to Gain Intelligences, and Prevent plunders—I Have directed Parker’s Detachement, about 300 militia, to keep clear of Danger from an attak—His men are from the adjacent Counties to Suffolk.  The Executive Have promised I Should in a little time Have 5000 Militia—Let it Be 4000 and the light infantry, in Case 2000 men go to Newyork, 600 must Be kept as a Garrison in Portsmouth, and the Remainder tho’ we Cant prevent their plundering may Be prevented from forming Any Establishement in the State—provided we Can Make up a Body of Cavalry—the Most difficult of all works in this Country—Nothing But a treaty of alliance with the Negroes Can find Out dragoon Horses, and it is By those means the Ennemy Have Got a formidable Cavalry.
                  Inclosed, My dear General You will find Some plans Relating to the islands of Newyork.  I could not sooner get at them.  During the Retreat, and during the pursuit our Small army Had as little Baggage as is possible with Militia and I endeavoured to Give the Example.
                  George Has Been very Sick But Has Now Recovered and is with me—In Mercer’s volonteer dragons there was a Young Nephew of yours who is Very promising and Served as a dragoon with the Utmost zeal Activity and Gallantry.
                  Major Galvan Having obtained leave to Return to the Northward is now on His Way to Philadelphia—The Cloathing you Have long ago Sent to the light infantry is not Yet Arrived.  I Have Been obliged to send for it, and Expect it in a few days—These three Bataïllons are the Best troops that Ever took the field—My Confidence in them is Unbounded—they are far Superior to any British troops, and None will Ever Venture to meet them at Equal Numbers—What a pity these men are not Employed along with the french Grenadiers!  They would do Eternal Honor to our Arms—But their presence Here, I must Confess, Has Saved this State, and indeed the Southen part of the Continent.  Adieu, My dear general, with the Highest Respect and most tender affections I Have the Honor to Be Your Most obedient Humble Servant

                     Lafayette


Title: From George Washington to Timothy Pickering, 20 July 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Pickering, Timothy

                  Sir

                     Head Quarters, near Dobb’s ferry July 20th 1781

                  I have been favour’d with yours of last evening; and cou’d wish that the present situation of the River might be improv’d to every advantage.  Whatever Boats you think necessary may be order’d to Dobb’s ferry; but particular care must be taken, in the transportation of Stores across the opposite Country, that they come in small convey’s, and no deposits made either at the ferry or on the Road.  I am very sorry that our situation shou’d ever be such as to oblige the impress of any of the property of the Inhabitants, but our present necessity must justify the measure; I therefore only wish that when Colo. Dearborn goes upon that business, he wou’d take the Horses from the Disaffected of that Country in preference to any others.  Expresses may pass that way, I think, with safety.  I am, Sir, your most Obedt Servant

                     Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Pierce, 20 July 1781
From: Pierce, John
To: Washington, George

                  Sir

                     Pay office July 20 1781

                  I do myself the Honor to enclose an account of several advances made by me to the Army without particular Warrants from your Excellency—some of which were by General Orders for discharged Men, others to alleviate the real wants of officers, and many have arose for the Sale of Ticketts of the last Class of the United States Lottery, all which if the Army had been regularly paid, I should have made stoppages for, from time to time, without troubling your Excellency on the Subject—but now the States have taken the Pay of the Troops from my hands & the depreciation is so great that the advances ought to be charged the officers at the times. the money was actually received—for which reasons I am to request an authority for these payments from your Excellency, that I may make a proper charge of them to the Public and transmit the different accounts to the States where the officers will now make their settlements—or if they again draw money from me, that I may make a stoppage from them of the value the money was actually at when they received it.  I am with respect, Your Excellys Most Obt Servt

                     Jno. Pierce P.M.G.