Title: To George Washington from Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 9 June 1777
From: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.
To: Washington, George

Sir
Hartford 9th June 1777.

I have to aquaint your Exellency that several of the Regiments of Militia in this State ordered into the service of the United States of America, the last Campaigne are still unpaid and many of the Soldiers belonging to said Regiments have inlisted into the Continental Army, and appear very desirous to receive their wages for their former Services, before they Join the Army, I heartily wish that every ground of uneasiness might be removed, out of the way of their proceeding with alacrity, & engageing with Spirit in the defence of their Country, and indeed many of them, want the money to leave for the Support of their Families; The Treasury of this State is so exhausted that at Present it is impossible that they should be paid here, which otherwise should have ordered, thereby to promote the General Service.
Must therefore earnestly request your Exellency to Order payment, upon their proper application. I am with great esteem & regard Your Exellencys very Obedient and most Humble Servt

Jonth; Trumbull


Title: General Orders, 10 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook, June 10th 1777.
Okehampton.Overton. Oxford.

The Commander in Chief approves the following sentences of a Court Martial, held the 7th Inst:, of which Col. Thomas Marshall of the 3rd Virginia regt was president.
Lieut: Kirtley of the 8th Virginia regiment, charged with “Disobedience of orders, and absenting himself three months, beyond the time allotted him to join his regiment” found not guilty of being absent from his regiment, three months, beyond the time allotted him; But guilty of disobedience of orders—sentenced to be discharged from the service.
Lieut: Tully Roberson of the 4th Virginia regimt charged with “Absenting himself from his regiment without leave”—found guilty of the charge, and sentenced to be discharged the service—and to forfeit his pay from the 30th of December last, ’till he joined his regiment again.
Lieut: Ford of the 4th Virginia regiment charged with “Disobedience of Orders, in the instance of firing a gun, without proper permission, in camp”—sentenced to receive a reprimand by the commanding officer of the said regiment, in the presence of the officers of the same.
John Smith of the 7th Pennsylvania regiment, formerly the 6th—charged with “Inlisting into the 9th Pennsylvania regiment, without a discharge from the 7th”—sentenced to receive 25 lashes, on his back, and the bounty of Twenty Dollars, which he received from the 9th Pennsylvania regiment, to be stopped out of his pay.
Peter Burney, of the 3rd New-Jersey regiment charged with “Desertion”—sentenced to be discharged.
Joshua Swoden, of the 1st New Jersey regiment charged with “Desertion”—sentenced to be discharged.

William Shaddock of the 9th Pennsylv: regimt tried by the same Court Martial the 2nd of June, for “Desertion”—omitted in former orders—sentenced to receive 25 lashes on his bare back.
Such regiments as have not already drawn Tomahawks, are immediately to provide themselves with at least one or two to a mess. The Quarter Master General is to charge those to the regiments, and each mess charged with what is delivered to it, that they may be returned when called for, or pay for them, if lost.
The Quarter Master General is to furnish each brigade, with an assortment of intrenching tools, which are always to accompany the brigade, under the care of the Brigade Quarter Master, and to be delivered to the order of the Brigadier, as occasion shall require—the tools already delivered to the regiments to be accounted for.
The commanding officer of every Corps is to keep an exact account, of the arms received and delivered, for the use of it, as there will be a careful inquiry into this matter, and a satisfactory account expected of them.
The movements of this army, either for offensive or defensive measures will be sudden; whenever they do happen; consequently no time can be allowed, either to draw or cook provisions; it may not be amiss therefore, again to remind the officers of the necessity of having their men provided agreeable to the order of the 8th Inst: and the Commissary is desired, if possible, to furnish biscuit and salt provisions, for this purpose, which the men may keep by them, and continue to draw their usual allowance.
It has been so often, and so pressingly recommended to officers to have no unnecessary baggage with them, that it is hoped the army is entirely unincumbered with it; but if the case should be otherwise, the General desires the Brigadiers will have it immediately removed—The Adjutant General will direct to what place. After this notice, officers are not to be surprised, if heavy boxes, great bedsteads &c.—are left in the field. A very small escort from the whole line, will be necessary to guard the baggage sent off, pursuant to this order, and to be composed of the most indifferent, but under the command of a careful officer.
The General is informed, that great complaints are made by the inhabitants nearest the enemy’s lines, of soldiers taking away their horses, and other property, and that in many instances they are countenanced by the officers, under the idea of the Inhabitants being Tories; expressly orders a stop to be put to such practices, or those who are convicted of them, will be brought to exemplary punishment—Such Inhabitants as are proper objects of punishment, will be dealt with in a legal way; but no officer, or soldier, is to judge for himself, and appropriate their property to their own use, or to seize it without proper orders.

The ground in the rear of the Artillery park, is to be considered as the Grand parade ’till further orders: All guards to mount and be dismissed there accordingly.
It is with inexpressible regret the Commander in Chief has been driven to the necessity of doing a severe, but necessary act of Justice, as an example of what is to be expected by those daring offenders, who, lost to all sense of duty, and the obligations they owe to their Country, and to mankind, wantonly violate the most sacred engagements, and fly to the assistance of an enemy, they are bound by every tie to oppose—A spirit of desertion is alone the most fatal disease that can attend an army, and the basest principle that can actuate a soldier; wherever it shews itself, it deserves detestation, and calls for the most exemplary punishment—What confidence can a General have in any soldier, who he has reason to apprehend may desert in the most interesting moments? What, but the want of every moral and manly sentiment, can induce him to desert the cause, to which he has pledged his faith, even with the solemnity of an oath, and which he is bound to support, by every motive of justice and good will to himself, and his fellow creatures? When such a character appears, it may almost be said in reference to it, that forbearance is folly; and mercy degenerates into cruelty—Notwithstanding this, and tho’ the General is determined to convince every man, that crimes of so atrocious a nature shall not be committed with impunity; yet as He is earnestly desirous to shew that he prefers clemency to severity—pardoning to punishing—He is happy to proclaim, the remission of their offences, to all the other prisoners now under sentence, and a releasement to all those now under confinement for trial—He hopes that they, and all others will have a proper sense of this Act of lenity, and will not be ungrateful, or foolish enough to abuse it: They will do well to remember that Justice may speedily overtake them, as it has done the unhappy man, whom they have seen fall a Victim to his own folly and wickedness—Those who are pardoned can expect no favor on a second offence—But, Why will soldiers force down punishment upon their own heads? Why will they not be satisfied to do their duty, and reap the benefits of it? The General addresses himself to the feelings of every man in the army; exhorting one and all, to consult their own honor and wellfare—to refrain from a conduct that can only serve to bring disgrace and destruction upon themselves, and ruin to their country—He intreats them not to sully the Arms of America, by their Infidelity, Cowardice or Baseness, and save him the anguish of giving Guilt the chastisement it demands—They are engaged in the justest cause men can defend—they have every prospect of success, if they do their part—Why will they abandon, or betray so great a trust? Why will they madly turn their backs upon glory, freedom and happiness?

After Orders. The Commander in Chief orders, that the baggage, and camp-equipage of the whole army, except the tents, which are not to be struck ’till further orders, be loaded this evening, and every thing in readiness to move at a moment’s warning—The troops supplied with provisions, agreeable to the orders of the 8th Instant. The Quarter Master General, Commissary General, and Commissary of military stores, to see that every thing in their respective departments be in moving order—All the Horses fixed to their respective waggons.


Title: From George Washington to General William Howe, 10 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, William

Sir.
Middle Brook June 10th 1777.

Your several Letters of the 21st of April—22d of May & 5 Instt have been received.
Having stated my sentiments in an explicit manner in my Letter of the 9th of April, upon the Subject of your demand and the disagreement between us, I thought it unnecessary to trouble you with a repetition of them. From the complexion of yours of the 21st of April, we appeared to differ so widely, that I could entertain no hopes, of a compromise being effected, or that an Answer would produce any good end.
But as you have called upon me again for my final determination upon the matter I shall freely give it, after making some observations upon what you have said, with intention, to obviate the Objections, on my part, to a compliance with your demand thro’ Lt Colo. Walcot.
You admit the principle upon which my Objection to account for the whole number of prisoners sent out by you is founded, but deny the application, by delicately insinuating in the first instance, that the ill treatment complained of, was “an expedient to cherish popular delusion”; And by asserting in the second, that supposing their sufferings to have been real, they were to be ascribed to Other causes than those assigned by me.
I shall not undertake to determine on whom the charge of endeavouring to excite popular delusion falls with most propriety, but I cannot forbear intimating, that however successful, ingenuous miscolourings may be in some instances, to perplex the Understanding in

matters of Speculation, Yet, it is difficult to persuade Mankind to doubt the Evidence of their Senses, & the reality of those facts for which they can appeal to them. Unless this can be done, permit me to assure you, it will always be beleived, Whatever may be suggested to the contrary, that Men could not be in a more deplorable situation, than those unhappy Sufferers were, who are the Subject of our difference. Did I imagine that you, Sir, had any serious scruples on the occasion, I might produce in support of what I have alleged the strongest proofs, that Human testimony can afford.
To prove that the prisoners did not suffer from any ill treatment or neglect of Yours, you say, “they were confined in the most airy buildings and on board the largest Transports in the Fleet—That they were supplied with the same provisions both in quantity & quality as were allowed to your Troops not on service—That the sick, such of them, as required peculiar care, were received into the British Hospitals & the rest attended by their Own Surgeons, who were supplied with Medicines without restriction, till it was discovered that they disposed of large quantities by private Sale.”
That Airy buildings were chosen to confine our Men in, is a Fact, I shall not dispute. But whether this was an advantage or not in the Winter Season, I leave you to decide. I am inclined to think it was not; especially, as there was a General complaint, that they were destitute of fire the greater part of the time, and were only prevented from feeling the inclemency of the Weather, in its extremest rigor, by their crouded situation. This I must beleive was not very conducive to their health, and if we may judge by comparison, we must conclude, they endured similar inconveniences on board the Transports.
As to the supplies of provision, I know not what they were. My ideas of the matter were drawn from their united testimony, confirmed by their appearance; which represented the allowance as insufficient in quantity—bad in quality & irregularly served. You yourself mention some “accidental instances of Omission.” I apprehend they were much more frequent, than you were apprized of. It may not be improper to observe, that there is a material difference between persons confined and deprived of every means of subsistance in aid of their allowance, and those who are at large & have other resources, as is the case with your Troops not on service, who have the benefit of their pay and what they can occasionally gain by their labor. You might also find from inquiry, that we made no distinction in our supplies between your Soldiers, prisoners with us, and our own in the field. They were not stinted to a scanty pittance, but had full as much, as they could use, and of the best kind.
In respect to the attention paid to the sick, I am sorry, their accomodation was injured in any degree by the misconduct of the Surgeons.

I heartily join with you in reprobating their proceeding, and shall esteem it a favor, if you will point out the persons, & furnish me with such proofs of their guilt, as you may be possessed of.
The more effectually to exonerate yourself from the consequences imputed to the neglect or ill treatment of the prisoners, you assert, they had every comfort & assistance from you, that your situation would admit; And that they wanted Nothing but Money and Cloathing, which ought to have been furnished by me.
Had we left your prisoners with us to depend intirely upon the supplies they drew immediately from you—their condition would have been little better than that of Ours, in your hands. Your Officers and soldiers can both inform you, that they experienced every mark of public & private generosity that could be shewn them. Frequent Instances might be adduced, that on notice of your Men being in want, Orders were immediately given that necessaries should be procured for them. Every thing was done on our part to facilitate any Steps you took for the same end. You were permitted to have an Agent among us, countenanced by public authority; and allowed every latitude he could wish to enable him to execute his Office. I am sorry to say, the same conduct has not been observed towards us—and that there are instances to shew that far from endeavouring to remove the difficulties that necessarily lay in our way to making such ample supplies as we could wish, Obstacles have been made that might very well have been waived. A late instance of this is to be found in your refusing to let us have a procuring Agent with you, who might purchase what was necessary to supply the wants of our Men. You must be sensible that for want of a regular mode being adjusted for mutually conveying Supplies, there was a necessity for an exercise of generosity on both sides. This was done by us & we supposed would have been done by you; which made us less anxious in providing than we should have been, had we foreseen what has really happened. We ascribed every deficiency on your part to the indeterminate situation of Affairs in this respect; and, looking forward to a more provident arrangement of the matter, we thought it our duty, not to let the prisoners with us be destitute of any thing requisite for their preservation; and imagined that your reasonings & feelings would have been the same—Your saying we were frequently advised of their distress, is of little avail: it was not done, ’till it was too late to remedy the ill consequences of the past neglect, and till our prisoners were already reduced to a miserable extremity. I wish their sufferings may not have been encreased in the Article of cloathing by their being deprived of what they had through the rapacity of too many of their Captors: Reports of this kind have not been wanting.
You further observe that my own experience would suggest

Whether our Army in the course of the last Campaign was not subject to the same calamitous Mortality, with the prisoners in your possession—I cannot but confess, that there was a great degree of sickness among us; but I can assure you, that the Mortality bore no kind of resemblance to that which was experienced by the prisoners with you, and that the disorders in the Camp had nearly ceased, before the captivity of a large proportion of them. The Garrison that fell into your Hands, on the 16th of November, was found, I am convinced, in perfect health.
In reply to my intimation, that it would have been happy, if the Expedient of sending out our Men, had been earlier thought of—You are pleased to say, that the Event has proved the caution with which you ought to have adopted the measure. What inference can be drawn from my refusing to account for prisoners, scarcely alive, and by no means in an exchangeable condition, to warrant an insinuation that I should have done the same, had they been released under different circumstances, let your own candor determine.
But then you ask, “How is the Cause of debility in prisoners to be ascertained?” This seems to be considered as a perplexing Question. For my part, I cannot view it, as involving any great difficulty. There is no more familiar mode of reasoning, than from Effects to causes, even in matters of the most interesting importance. In the subject before us, the appearance of the prisoners & what eventually happened, proved that they had been hardly dealt with, but their joint asseverations, aided by the information of Others, not interested in the distress more than as they regarded the rights of Humanity, established the fact too firmly for Incredulity itself to doubt it.
I should hardly beleive you to be serious in your application of the exception, to which you allude, to the case of Major Genl Lee, if you had not persisted in a discrimination respecting him. I did not entertain the most distant Idea, that he could have been supposed to come under the discription contained in it; And to force such a construction upon that Gentlemans circumstances, however it may be an Evidence of ingenuity, is but an indifferent specimen of candor. I still adhere to what I have already advanced on this Head, & can by no means think of departing from it.
I am now to give you my final decision on the Subject of your demands. In doing this, I can little more than repeat, what I have already said. I am extremely desirous of a general exchange on liberal & impartial principles, and it is with great concern, I find that a matter so mutually interesting, is impeded by unnecessary Ob[s]tacles. But, I cannot consent to its taking place, on Terms so disadvantageous, as those you propose, and which appear to me so contrary to justice and the spirit of our Agreement.

I think it proper to declare, that I wish the difference between us to be adjusted on a generous & equitable plan, and mean not to avail myself of the releasement of the prisoners, to extort any thing from you not compatible with the strictest justice. Let a reasonable proportion of prisoners to be accounted for, be settled, and Genl Lee declared exchangeable, when we shall have an Officer of your’s of equal rank, in our possession—I ask no more. These being done, I shall be happy to proceed to a General Exchange. But in the mean time, I am willing that a partial one should take place for the prisoners now in your hands, as far as those in Ours will extend, except with respect to Lt Colo. Campbell & the Hessian Feild Officers, who will be detained till you recognise Genl Lee a prisoner of War & place him on the footing I claim. This latter proposition, I am induced to make, from the distinction which your Letter of the 22d of May seems to hold forth, & I think it necessary to add, that your conduct towards prisoners will govern mine.
The situation of Lt Colo. Campbell, as represented by you, is such, as I neither wished nor approve. Upon the first intimation of his Complaints, I wrote upon the subject, and hoped there would have been no further cause of Uneasiness. That Gentleman, I am persuaded, will do me the justice to say, he has received no ill treatment at my instance. Unnecessary severity & every species of insult, I despise, and I trust, none will ever have just reason to censure me in this respect. I have written again on your remonstrance, and have no doubt, such a line of conduct will be adopted, as will be consistent with the dictates of Humanity & agreable to both his & your wishes. I am Sir with due respect Yr Most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Thomas Mifflin, 10 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Mifflin, Thomas

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 10th June 1777

I am informed that there are about two hundred Spears, with a joint in the handle, at Philada fit for Horse or light Foot, if so, be pleased to send them instantly up. From every account the Enemy are upon the point of moving, but the Circumstances are so perplexing that it is impossible to say whether part by land and part by Water, or the whole by Water. The deserters generally agree that the orders are for an embarkation of almost the whole and that Skinners and Rogers’s Corps and a few Hessians are to be left in Brunswic but that seems impossible. As soon as matters are ascertained you shall have Notice as expeditiously as possible. I am Dear Sir.

If Mrs Washington is in Philada be pleased to deliver the enclosed. If not, send it to Virginia.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 10 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 10th June 1777

This will be delivered to you by Mr Young who is sent up by the Cloathier General to issue Cloathing to the Troops at Peekskill. I beg you will give him your Countenance and Assistance in seeing that none are allowed to draw but such as are really in want. Some Regiments not content with a compleat suit of Uniform have drawn a Frock, Waistcoat and over alls, by which means they are doubly clad while others are perishing. This must not be allowed in our present scarcity, and I therefore beg that you will be particularly careful that none but the needy are supplied. There are among the Cloathing 350 Coats blue and Red which were made up purposely for Colo. Daytons Regt of Jersey and of which they are in great want, they must come on immediately. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt.

P.S. Yours of the 8th is just come to hand. Mr Young will make the necessary inquiry about Cloathing. it is very extraordinary that Genl Gates should undertake to stop the Cloathing of those Regs. that are at peekskill. that accounts for the deficiency. Colo. Saml B. Webb has drawn a vast deal more than he has men to put them on, I have desired him to bring the overplus to peekskill and deliver it up and I beg you will see it done.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philip Schuyler, 10 June 1777
From: Schuyler, Philip
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Albany June 10th 1777

Last evening two Canadians who had been sent into Canada returned from thence, they Left it the 24th of may having remained three days at St Dennis, the Intelligence they bring is Contained in the Inclosed paper which after perusal Your Excellency will Please to Transmit to Congress.
I cannot believe that there are so many Troops in Canada as they report, nor do I believe that General Borgoine was there on the 10th Of may, Colo. McLean I believe to be at New York; If it be true that two Regiments moved from St Dennis and St Charles Towards the Little river, which I understand is 18 Leagues below Montreal, and that two others were preparing to move from St Ours to Quebec, it is Probable that they and more will Leave Canada to reinforce General Howe, this would seem Certain if Borgoine was really arrived and had brought no Reinforcements.
Four Canadiens are daily expected In, who will Probably bring me Intelligence some thing more to be depended upon. I am Dear Sir respectfully Your Excellencys Most Obedient Humble Servant

Ph: Schuyler


Title: To George Washington from Maj. Gen. John Sullivan, 10 June 1777 [letter not found]
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Maj. Gen. John Sullivan, 10 June 1777. GW wrote Sullivan on 11 June: “I have yours of yesterday with Colonel Formans letter inclosed.”


Title: From George Washington to Martha Washington, 10 June 1777 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Washington, Martha

Letter not found: to Martha Washington, c.10 June 1777. On 10 June GW wrote Maj. Gen. Thomas Mifflin: “If Mrs Washington is in Philada be pleased to deliver the enclosed,” and on 11 June Mifflin wrote GW: “Mrs Washington is still here to whom I deliverd your Letter.”


Title: Orders to Armand, 11 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: La Rouërie, Armand-Charles Tuffin, marquis de

Sir,
[Middlebrook 11 June 1777]

You are forthwith to take upon you the command of the corps heretofore under Major Ottendorf and to do all the duties thereof as commanding officer according to the rules and regulations established for the government of the Continental army and according to the usages of war. You will therefore endeavour by attentive observation and inquiry, to make yourself acquainted with every kind of duty practiced in the army, with the resolutions of Congress—the articles of war, and all general orders and conform punctually to them. You are permitted to use your endeavours to complete your corps to a full regiment: the necessary officers will be appointed in proportion to the progress you make and the number of men you collect. For the present you are to be under the immediate command of Major General Lincoln and to obey all his orders. Given at Head Quarters June 11th 1777.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Thomas Mifflin, 11 June 1777
From: Mifflin, Thomas
To: Washington, George

My dear General
Philada 11th June 1777

I was honord with your Letter of Monday and of Yesterday at 5 OClock this Morning—I have given every necessary Direction to the persons who have the Care of the Boats at Trenton & Coryels Ferry; and have sent 220 Men from Bristol as a Guard at Coryels with a party of 50 Ship Carpenters who undertook to conduct the Boats from Trenton to Coryels. Major General Arnold sets off to day to take the Command of the Militia from Bristol to Coryels Ferry. I have Col. Gurney & Capt.

Reed of our Navy to princeton to continue the Signals from thence to Philada—The Spears are sent off to you with 430 Tents: some of the latter Col. Biddle will probably receive this day.
I was under the Necessity of calling the Inhabitants together in Town Meeting at 10 OClock this Morning & hope to give your Excellency a happy Account of it.
Mrs Washington is still here to whom I deliverd your Letter—She is in perfect Health and had determind to have sett off this Morning but I beleive has been influenced by Mr Custis to wait untill To Morrow. I am with great Respect and Attachment Your Excellencys Obt Hle St

Tho. Mifflin


Title: From George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 11 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 11th June 1777

I have yours of yesterday with Colonel Formans letter inclosed. If the Ships that went out are intended for Delaware Bay, the Troops at Brunswic and Amboy will either follow immediately by Sea or wait till they hear of their arrival in the Bay and then make a sudden march to meet them. The Flag upon the Tree was seen yesterday, but if you will hoist it about half way up the Body, it will be more distinct.

If there was any firing yesterday between Brunswic and Amboy, it was the Enemy exercising which they frequently do.
Be pleased to keep a good look out upon the land side that if they move that way we may endeavour to come up with them. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt

Go: Washington

P.S. Be pleased to write to Genl Mifflin and desire him to give you notice if the Ships arrive in Delaware.


Title: To George Washington from Maj. Gen. John Sullivan, 11 June 1777 [letter not found]
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Maj. Gen. John Sullivan, 11 June 1777. GW wrote Sullivan on 12 June: “Yours of yesterday evening was delivered to me early this Morning.”


Title: General Orders, 12 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook, June 12th 1777.
Queenborough.Quibble-town. Quebec.

The General thinks it necessary to establish the following regulations for guards; and hopes that officers will consider them as the rule of practice, and make themselves well acquainted with them.
When any guard arrives at the post assigned it, the officer’s first care must be, to plant his sentries properly, according to circumstances—The guard should remain under arms while this is doing; and if it be at an out-post, or any where near the enemy, temporary Sentries should be placed, at a small distance from the guard, to prevent surprise; while the commanding officers reconnoitre the situation of the post—to know where his sentries should be placed, for a continuance. This is to be done, in case the ground has not been before hand examined, and particular directions given about the matter; or in case he does not relieve some other guard.
But if he relieves another, he is to receive all the orders, given to the officer of the old guard in writing; which, together with those he may have received from the Brigadier and Field Officers of the day, he is punctually to observe—If any differences between them arises, he is to obey the latter in preference.
He is immediately to send a party under a trusty officer, conducted by an officer of the old guard, to relieve the sentries, who are to return to the guard they belong to.
If the guard be of such a nature, as that other matters, other than the security of a post are intrusted to it, they must be contained in a written report, and an officer of the new, accompanied with one of the old, must be sent to take them in charge, comparing the things themselves with the report, and seeing that all is right.
The Sentries of the old guard having joined it, the officer is to march it back to the parade, from which it went, with the greatest order, and decorum, and thence send off the detachments composing it, under an officer to each, to join their corps, preserving regularity on their way.
After placing his sentries, the officer of the new guard is to make his men lodge their arms—first giving them the orders necessary, to govern their conduct. Care must be taken to lodge their arms, in such a manner, that each man may have recourse to his in a moment, without bustle or confusion—In most cases it is best, the arms should be grounded on the guard-parade, during the day—No man to put off his accoutrements, on any pretence.
This done, the commanding officer, attended by a couple of men, is

to visit all his sentries; to see that they are posted right, and instruct them in the line of their duty.
His next care is, to take such precautions for the security of his post, by forming abatties—digging ditches, & raising parapets, as circumstances require, to guard against surprise, or repel any sudden attempt.
He should make himself acquainted, not only with all the great roads leading to the enemy, or to the army he belongs to; but he should search out, every by-path, and avenue, by which he may the more securely send his parties, to reconnoitre the enemy, or make his retreat good in any emergency.
He should have scouting parties all day, and patroles all night, going towards the enemy; in his rear, and upon his flanks, to gain intelligence of their motions, and give timely notice of any attempt they may be making—If this notice can be given without firing it will be best; if not, it must be done by firing, the scouts, or patroles, retreating by way of the sentries, to alarm them.
Visiting rounds should be going all night, to see that the sentries are at their posts—alert, and acquainted with every particular of their duty.
The break of day being the most favorable time for an attack, or surprise, a good officer will be careful to turn out his guard under arms ’till an hour after sunrise, and to have his visiting rounds, and patroles going then more than ordinary. From watching through the night, men towards morning grow drowsy, secure and listless; and are the more liable to a surprise—An officer’s reputation calls upon him to guard carefully against this evil.
A guard is bound to maintain its post as long as possible, but if likely to be overpowered with numbers, it is at least to make a skirmishing retreat, firing all the way it goes to give the alarm, and taking advantage of every defile, morass, wood, or advantageous spot it can find, to delay the enemy. If the enemy do not pursue, but retire after having dislodged the guard, it is to resume its post, first taking measures to be sure that all is safe.
If two guards are so posted as to have the same object in view, and depend upon each other; they must be attentive to every thing that befals one another, and act in concert—If either is attacked, the other must not only put itself in a posture of defence, but must keep patroles continually going, to bring intelligence of what is doing—If the one attacked retreats, the other must retreat also—If it returns, the other must return in like manner—These things however to depend upon circumstances, and the orders of the Brigadier, and Field Officer of the day.
Any parties of whatsoever kind, coming towards an out-guard, are to be stopped by the out sentries, and notice given to the guard; which is

in most cases to be turned out; and the officer to send a proper person to examine such party, and give his orders accordingly.

All flags to be stopped at the out sentries. The officer of the guard to meet them there, and know their business—If they are charged with letters, or any matters that can be communicated to him, he is to receive and transmit them immediately to the Major General of the day—otherwise the flag must wait ’till information can be sent to the said Major General, and his orders received.
No officer, or soldier to sleep a single moment on guard.
No cooking to go on while on guard—The men must either carry their provisions ready dressed, or have them sent to them—the former preferable.
No man to presume to be out of call, without permission from the officer, who is not to suffer more than two at a time to be absent, nor those at the out-posts.
In case of desertion, from the out posts, the officer from whose party it happens, immediately to change the countersign, advertising the

other out guards of it, who are to conform thereto—He is also to send instantly, and acquaint the Brigadier of the day with it.
All guards to turn out to the Brigader and Field Officers of the day, and, except the out-guards, to all General officers; paying them the honors due them according to their rank, and the usage of war—The out-guards to turn out to the Brigadier and Field officers only. The honors of the drum never to be paid by them.
All guards to turn out to receive the grand rounds. The officer of each, to prepare an evening report, for the officer of the rounds.
All guards of the line, when relieved, to make a report of every occurence that may have happened, to one of the field officers of the day, who is to attend at, or near the grand parade, to receive it when the guard returns.
Arms after this wet weather to be carefully inspected, and put in the best possible order for use.
After Orders.
The Brigade Commissaries are to receive their orders from the Commissary General this afternoon, respecting the mode of supplying their respective brigades, in case of a sudden move—The Assistant Quarter Masters are to do the same with Col. Biddle, that no complaints, or confusion may arise upon a march.
Instead of delivering spare ammunition to each brigade, Genl Knox will furnish the divisions with it, in order to lessen the number of carriages, and conveying it more securely. If the Quarter Master General would furnish each brigade with a proper number of scythes for forraging, the horses might be better provided for.


Title: Council of War, 12 June 1777
From: Council of War
To:

[Middle Brook, 12 June 1777]

At a Council of General Officers held at Head Qrs at Middle Brook, the 12th day of June 1777. Present His Excellency, the Commander in Cheif[.] Majors General Greene[,] Lord Stirling[,] Stephen[,] Lincoln[.] Brigadrs Maxwell[,] Knox[,] Varnum[,] Wayne[,] Muhlenberg[,] Weedon[,] Woodford[,] Scott[,] Conway.
His Excellency, the Commander in Cheif, informed the Council, that from various intelligence and many concurring circumstances, it was evident, General Howe had collected nearly the Whole of his Force at Brunswic in Jersey—that it appeared to him beyond doubt, that General Howe, had One of two Objects in view—either the defeat of the Army under his immediate command—or to possess himself of philadelphia

—he stated the importance of the Highland passes & of the Fortifications on the North River, in & contiguous to the Highlands, And then proposed the following Questions.
Question, Will it be expedient in the present conjuncture of things & from the information received, to draw any & what part of the Troops stationed at Peeks Kills near the Highlands, to reinforce this Army?
Answer—All The Troops should be drawn from Peeks Kills to reinforce the Army in Jersey, except One thousand effectives of the Continental Regiments—This Number with the Convalescents & such Militia as are there & can be occasionally drawn in, is esteemed sufficient to defend the posts there under the present Appeareances of Affairs.
Question Will it not be necessary to post Troops at Morristown to preserve it, as a post of Communication? If it will, what number of Men whould be stationed there?
Answer It will be necessary to maintain that post—The Detachment of Connecticut Troops under Lieutt Colo. Butler & the Two Wyoming Independent Companies should be employed in that service.
Question, What will be the best mode of promotion of Feild & Other inferior Officers in the Army?
Answer All Officers below the rank of a Major, should rise regimentally. Officers of that rank & superior, should be promoted on a larger Scale, Viz. on the line of their State. These Rules however, though they should be observed in general cases, where there lies no objection, should not be established as conclusive, or prevent promotion for particular merit.

Original MinutesRob. H: Harrison Secretary


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Zebulon Butler, 12 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Butler, Zebulon

Sir
Camp at Middle Brook June 12 1777

You will march the Troops of your Regiment and the two Independant Companies with you to Morris Town and there take Post in and about the fortification upon the Hill. You are to Guard the Stores at that place until further Orders.
You will apply to Lt Col. Jere. Olney for the Orders I gave to him by which you will regulate your conduct. I am Sir your most Humble Servant

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 12 June 1777
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Boston June 12. 1777

I have just received the honor of yours of the 1st Instant.
A privateer Schooner arrived here the last Night from a Cruize. She has taken two prises, one laden with Coal, the other with Oats &c.—The privateer fell in with a Fleet of Transports with the Hessian Troops

on Board under Convoy of a 50 Gun Ship & Frigate from whome he received considerable damage—The Capt. of the privateer reports that from the best information he could obtain from the prisoners on board one of the Vessels which he took, there are not more than 3000. Troops coming out including foreigners.
Three Hundred & Seventy Barrels of powder is sent on to Springfield. The remainder, as soon as the Barrels are coopered, and a place is provided by Colo. Cheever is to be sent to Brookfield. The other Stores and provisions we are removing as fast as possible—they are removed first to Cambridge and Watertown in Lighters & Boats and then sent on as Teams can be procured to different Magazines. The Expence of doing this as I before observed to your Excellency is great, and our Treasury has for some days been entirely empty. Mr Hancock has wrote repeatedly; but the Money has not as yet arrived the Assistant Quarter Master General is also entirely out of Money, and the Service will unavoidably Suffer without an immediate supply. I have the Honor to be With great respect Your Excellency’s Most Obt Servt

W. Heath


Title: From George Washington to Lewis Morris, Sr., 12 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Morris, Lewis Sr.

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 12th June 1777

Your favor of the 1st Instant has been duly receiv’d. At this time there unhappily subsists a dispute ⟨between General Howe and myself respecting prisoners &⟩ a proposition is now before him, which, if come into, will adjust It. Captain Maxwells exchange, in whose behalf you interest yourself, must depend upon that line, which is adopted in similar instances. Genl Howe has now the matter under consideration, and if our differences are accommodated his releasment will immediately follow. It is probable we shall know the Genl’s ⟨determination before long, when you will have an Opportunity⟩ of informing him more fully upon the subject of his request. I am Sir With great Respect Your most Obet Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons, 12 June 1777
From: Parsons, Samuel Holden
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Peek’s-kill [N.Y.] 12th June 1777

I receivd your Excellency’s Letter’s of the 25th & 29th of May, Yr Excellency’s Approbation of the Expedition to Long Island affords me particular Satisfaction, I hope it will ever be my highest Ambition to promote the best good of my Country—at the Time Genll McDougall made his last Return twas true but about 330 Men were at Peeks-kill from Connecticut; yet it could not be considered as a Just Representation of their State; as Previous to that, many more were drawn to the Neighbourhood of that Post, and were Orderd not to March untill compleatly equipd with arms and Acouterments; this Order is since countermanded, in part, & some have arrive’d here who are not compleatly accouterd. By a Return made me Yesterday there appears to be now at this Post from Connect. Commd Officers 95[,] Staff 17[,] N.C. 203[,] R. & F. 1613[,] in the whole 1921 about 200 More will Arrive to Day: I think we Shall have 3000 or more Joind by the begining of next week—I have had no return’s since the last Order of Assembly to fill our Quota; but before I left the State, the Progress was so rapid in procuring Recruits, I am Inducd to beleive we are by this time 600 in a Regt upon an Averidge—The Promotion of Genll Huntington & Death of Coln. Doughlass leaves those Regiments Destitute of Colonels, both these Regiments are as full as most are, I imagine neither are short of 600 Men; as the Arrangement now is they are both in my Brigade; if tis convenient I could wish the Vacancies fill’d: The present Lt Coln. of Douglass is David Dimon who is an exceeding good Officer & capable of any Command, he has had the whole Care of the Regt hitherto owing to Coln. Doughlass’s Sickness.
Lt Coln. Samll Prentice at Present commands Huntingtons Regt, he has been acquainted with Service & his Character good. Lt Coln. Butler of Wylys’s was last war in Service & had the Character of an Exceeding good Officer, and is now esteemd such; Lt Coln. Meigs as a Gentleman and an Officer is exceld by few; these are all in the Brigade who will have any pretentions to the Vacancies; as to Rank Prentice and Butler Claim it; Butler Commanded Prentice last war, and has not servd this war till the present Campaign, Meigs and Dimon are the next in Rank; Butler is either first or last—The Detachments from the Connctt Troops now under Coln. Butler’s Command if consistant with the Genll good; I wish may Join the Other Connecticut Troops. I am with great esteem your Excellency’s Obt H. Servt

Saml H. Parsons


Title: From George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 12 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 12th June 1777

I have your favr of the 10th. From Genl Howe’s Movements within a few days past, it is clear, beyond all matter of doubt, that he has dropped all thoughts of an expedition up the North River, having drawn the greatest part of his Troops from New York and its dependencies to Amboy, and from thence to Brunswic where his main Army is encamped. Great numbers of Waggons are brought over, and many flat Boats on Carriages, supposed to be for the passage of the Delaware. We have had a variety of Accounts by Deserters and Spies all agreeing that a move will be made as soon as matters are in a proper State. Under these Circumstances, I called a Council of General Officers, who all agreed that our present Army was insufficient either to make a proper Resistance to an attack of Genl Howes united Force, or to make an impression upon him should he leave us unmolested and march thro’ the flat Country towards Delaware—They were therefore unanimously of Opinion, that after leaving a Garrison at the Forts in the Highlands sufficient to repel any force that could possibly be turned suddenly against them, the remainder should be immediately marched to join this Army. The Force deemed sufficient is one Thousand effective Continental Troops, which with the Militia and Convalescents is equal to the number of the Enemy upon the East side of Hudsons River.
You are therefore immediately upon the Receipt of this to send forward all the Continental Troops under your command except the Number before mentioned. They are to march in three divisions, one day apart, under the command of Brig: Generals Parsons, Mcdougal & Glover bringing with them their Tents and Camp Kettles, but recommend it to both Officers and men to incumber themselves as little with Baggage as possible. Let two peices of Artillery come with each of the two first divisions manned with as many of Colo. Cranes Battalion as may have recovered of the small pox, and the deficiency made up out of Colo. Lambs Battalion lately arrived under Lt Colo. Oswald. They need not bring more than 24 Rounds of Ammunition as we have

plenty. I will order those peices to be replaced by others that are now on their way from Springfield.
As fast as fresh Troops arrive you are to keep sending them on, always reserving a Garrison of 1000 effective Continentals. Or if the Troops when they arrive should be fatigued you can detach an equal number of those that were before in Garrison.
Be pleased to let me know by Return of the Express, how many men you can send immediately what number of Men are on their march from N. Engd and when the first division will march from Peeks kill. Try if possible to keep this Matter a secret, for I would wish to bring those Men here before the Enemy got notice of it, because if they should hear that we expected a strong Reinforcement it might induce them to make an attempt upon us before it joined us—press the officers who command the division to lose no time upon the march, as so much depends upon the speedy & sudden execution of this Maneuvre.


Title: To George Washington from Joseph Reed, 12 June 1777 [letter not found]
From: Reed, Joseph
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Joseph Reed, 12 June 1777. In his letter to Reed of 23 June, GW says that “Your favors of the 12th and 18th Instt are both before me.”


Title: From George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 12 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 12th June 1777

Yours of yesterday evening was delivered to me early this Morning. Every account confirms the certainty of the Enemy’s intention to move by land, and I think it will from appearances take place in a very short time.
Govr Livingston, in a letter of the 9th instant, informs me that he had ordered the Militia of Gloucester, Salem and Cumberland to assemble at Mount Holly and that Colo. Bowes Reed was to assemble his Regt at Borden Town.
As I think these Troops are much out of the way at either of the above places, you had better order them to Cranbury or that Neighbourhood, they will then be ready to join you if the Enemy move intirely upon the direct princetown Road, or to oppose a Column should they advance one from South Amboy. Or if you think any other disposition of them more proper you will please to make it.
I am glad to find you have established your Signals to reach Philada. You will take Care to keep your patroles as near Brunswic as possible that you may have the earliest Notice of the Enemy’s Approach. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 12 June 1777
From: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.
To: Washington, George

Sir.
Hartford June 12th 1777

I had the pleasure duely to receive your Letters of the 23d and 26th Ulto, and freely acquiesce in the Justice and propriety of the Measures you have pursued, and altho’ it obliges us to give up the Idea of retaining continental Troops for our immediate Defence, and to raise two Battallions more at our own Expence for that purpose, which the General Assembly came into cheerfully rather than endanger Objects of the last Importance, or embarrass your Measures by insisting further upon the resolve of Congress which had encouraged us to hope we might be spared the Expence and Detriment to our Country Business arising from the drawing more Men from the Fields, & feeding and paying them while in Service. could you spare us two or three Field pieces for each of these Battallions it would be very acceptable, yet if the General Service will be prejudiced thereby we cannot with propriety wish to be indulged in this request.
I have not yet obtained full returns of the Execution of the Act of Assembly for filling up the Continental Army, yet from the Returns I have received I flatter myself they will be so far compleated that the recruiting Officers will soon be able to fill up the Companies that are yet deficient; I trust they will be pushed on by the Officers to join you with all possible Expedition; tho’ many of them are so far debilitated by Inoculation for the small pox, and lameness and Disorders consequent thereupon, which will of Necessity for some time retard their March.
An Exchange of prisoners is wished for as soon as may be convenient, the prisoners taken in the Incursion to Danbury mutually wish for an Exchange and as a great part of the prisoners taken from us were Opulent Farmers, it will be of public Advantage to have them restored to

Liberty, and a Capacity to cultivate their Estates. I am, Sir with the greatest Respect your most obedient humble Servant

Jonth; Trumbull


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 13 June 1777
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philada June 13th 1777.

You will percieve, from the enclosed Resolves, the fixed Determination of Congress to retaliate (as nearly as lies in their Power,) on our Enemies, should they think proper to send any of their Prisoners to Great Britain, or to any other Part of the British King’s Dominions beyond Sea. This Resolution you will please to convey to Genl Howe as soon as possible, as it is of the utmost Importance.
If the sixteen additional Battalions are not all provided with Commanding Officers, the Congress, in Consequence of a Letter from Govr Caswell, (an Extract of which I enclose you) have recommended Colonel Abraham Shephard to the Command of one of the said Battalions, and doubt not you will honor him with the Appointment. I beg Leave to refer your Attention to the whole of the Resolves herewith transmitted.
Enclosed you have the Observations of Monsr De Coudray on Billingsport and the other Fortifications in this River, which I forward for your Perusal. Every possible Measure is taking to render the Fortifications compleat. I have the Honor to be, with the utmost Esteem & Respect Sir your most obed. & very hble Servt

John Hancock Presidt


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 13–15 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
Head Qrs Middle Brook June 13[–15]th 1777.

Inclosed you will receive a Copy of a Letter from me to Lord Cornwallis on the inhuman treatment of Lieutt Martin, by a party of the Enemy’s Horse. My remonstrance and sending his Corps, produced nothing more, than a short Answer from his Lordship, which you also have. It was thought unnecessary to view the body, the Fact being admitted and justified.
I have also taken the liberty to inclose a Copy of my Letter to Genl Howe, in Answer to his of the 21st of April—22d of May & 5th Instant. From the latter part of the first paragraph in that of the 22d of May, I was induced to propose an Exchange of All the prisoners now in his hands, so far as it can be effected on the principles of the Agreement subsisting between us, except that of Lt Colo. Campbell & the Hessian Field Officers, who are to be retained till Genl Lee is declared exchangeable. I did not expect the proposition would be acceded to—but as his letter is of doubtful meaning in this instance, I thought it expedient to make the Offer. first as it will be a happy event, if we release our prisoners, and Secondly, as the proposition may draw from him an explanation of his Sentiments, though he should reject it.
The New York paper of the 9th Instant, I transmit for your perusal. It contains an Extract of a Letter from Govr Tryon to Christopher Billop of Long Island. This Extract, I think, is worthy of attention, and may be improved to great advantage, if published in the papers with such strictures and observations, as it will well warrant, and as will occur to an ingenuous pen. The Enemy on their part use the most artful publications, and avail themselves of every thing, they can, going from us. We should profit where we can by their productions.
I would mention to Congress, that several Officers in the Corps of Cavalry, have applied to me, to know in what point of view, their Horses are considered. Whether as public property—or as private, belonging to themselves—to be furnished at their own Expence. When Colo.

Sheldon’s Regiment was ordered to be raised, the Officers thought, the Horses should be a matter of public charge; but, as it had never been determined and I was not perfectly satisfied with the custom in such cases, I did not consider myself authorized to decide upon it; I promised to recommend it to the consideration of Congress and this I have done since on similar Occasions. The Officers urge, that as Horses are essential to a discharge of their duty, they should be provided at public expence—That they have risen to such enormous prices, if the contrary is established, that they must from the nature of the service, not only sink their pay, but make a large sacrifice of their private interest; Though the practice, may have been against their application, in other Armies, yet, their reasoning seems plausible and to be founded in justice. There are Objections too against the measure, but not of sufficient validity, in my opinion, to oppose to their claim. Another reason may be suggested why the public should find them Horses, which is, if they were to provide ’em themselves, the apprehension of losing them, might prevent a proper discharge of duty and, in some cases, produce too great a degree of cautious prudence. This matter, I have thought it necessary to lay before Congress, not doubting, but it will have that attention which it may seem [to] deserve—There is one thing more, I would add upon the Subject, which is, If their application is considered just, I should suppose it best, to fix a certain—determinate sum, to be allowed for the Horses they have bought & may have occasion to purchase in preference to leaving it to their discretion and Judgement.
It being evident, so far as we can reason from circumstances & appearances, that General Howe designs Philadelphia to be the first Object of his pursuits—or the defeat of this Army &, for one or both of these purposes, is collecting nearly his whole force at Brunswic, a Board of General Officers determined yesterday evening, after mature deliberation that All the Continental troops at Peeks Kill & its dependencies, except One Thousand Effectives, should be immediately marched to reinforce this Army. That number, with the Convalescents & such aids of Militia as are now & may be assembled, in case of emergency, was deemed competent to the defence of those posts, against any attempt that may be made to possess them in the present situation of Things. I have inclosed a General Return, shewing our whole strength in Jersey at this time, and from which, it will appear, our circumstances, in this respect, are by no means so desirable, as could be wished. I esteem it my duty, to transmit information of this sort from time to time to Congress, and am encouraged the more to do it, from a conviction, that they, sensible of the necessity of the most profound secrecy, will not suffer the least intimation of our Numbers to transpire.

June 14th Your favor of the 13th with its Inclosures was received last night.
Having proposed to Genl Howe an Exchange of the prisoners now in his possession, as you will perceive by the inclosed Copy of my Letter, and also added, “That his conduct towards prisoners would govern mine,” It appears to me that it would be improper to transmit him a Copy of your first Resolution of the 10th Instant, till we have some thing more from him on the subject proposed. I confess I did not—nor do I yet understand the paragraph of his Letter of the 22d Ulto to which I have alluded. and which induced me to propose an Exchange, if that was his wish, & to subjoin, that his conduct to our prisoners should govern mine, as a caution to prevent him exercising severity or a new mode of treatment of them, contrary to the spirit of the agreement between us and the ideas entertained upon the subject when it was first entered into, if such was his meaning.
Finding that there would be great difficulty in filling the Batallions intended to be raised, I did not commission Officers for all the sixteen additional Ones. I apprehended such a measure would accumulate Expence without encreasing our strength, and therefore did not set the whole on foot. I shall be happy on Govr Caswells Letter & your recommendation of Colo. Shephard, that he should have a Regiment. From the character given him & the Terms on which he offers his services, there can be no Objection. Congress will be pleased to appoint him to the command they wish him to have, & I should think it adviseable, that he be ordered to march with his Corps to join this Army, leaving proper Officers to recruit the deficiency.
I have perused Monsr deCoudray’s Opinion about the fortifications, and have no doubt but that it is well founded. I have not sufficient knowledge of them to pronounce an Opinion with certainty myself.
You will observe by the New York paper, the execution of Abraham Patten. His family well deserves the generous notice of Congress. He conducted himself with great fidelity to our cause rendering Services and has fallen a sacrifice in promoting her Interest. perhaps a public act of generosity, considering the character he was in, might not be so eligible, as a private donation.
June 15 When I wrote yesterday, my information was, that One division of the Enemy was advancing on the Prince-Town-Road, and it was beleived from the General movement of their Army, that they were proceeding towards Delaware. What their real design was, is not yet understood. Those that advanced on that road, after marching some distance, filed off to the right down Milstone River—and joined the Other Column on the Coriel Ferry Road, leading by sommerset Court

House. One Object of their movement, might be to inclose Genl Sullivan & his division between their Two Columns—Another, (which most probably was the principal cause, if they did not mean to proceed to Delaware when they set out), to manuvre us out of our present Encampment into Action upon disadvantageous Terms. The first they could not hope to succeed in, after Genl Sullivan changed his post to Rocky Hill, an Event which took place only the Evening before, and which it is presumed, they were not well advised of when they left Brunswick. A considerable body of them remain at Sommerset Court House, and on the communication between that—and Brunswick—We have been & are harrassing them with light Troops; but they being in Open ground with a large train of Artillery, we can not do it so effectually as could be wished.
I shall be glad to be informed, Whether Genl DeHaas, considers himself an Officer in the Army. He has never joined it since his promotion, or written a single line to me upon the subject. If he accepts his Commission, it will be well for Congress to order him to repair to the Army immediately. The Brigade intended for him, is without a Genl Officer, and has brought on a disagreable dispute between two of the Cols. each claiming the command. This is not the only inconvenience. Officers of high rank, remaining at Home, afford a bad example to Others, who are inferior, and grounds of application for the like indulgence.
This Letter, except the paragraphs of this date, I intended to send Yesterday, but was prevented by the movement of the Enemy, which rendered it unadviseable. I have the Honor to be with great respect Sir Your Most Obedt Servant

Go: Washington

P.S. By a person just now arrived with a Letter from Genl Sullivan, The Enemy’s advanced guard is posted between 3 & 4 Miles from Sommerset Court House on the road to Coriel’s ferry.


Title: To George Washington from Brig. Gen. Nathaniel Heard, 13 June 1777 [letter not found]
From: Heard, Nathaniel
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Brig. Gen. Nathaniel Heard, 13 June 1777. In his letter to Heard of 14 June, GW’s aide-de-camp Tench Tilghman says that “His Excellency commands me to acknowledge the Rect of your favr of Yesterday” (DLC:GW).


Title: From George Washington to James Mease, 13 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Mease, James

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 13th June 1777

I have yours of the 6th by Mr Young who Went this morning to Peekskill to issue the Cloathing to the Massachusets Troops. I understand by a letter this day from Genl Putnam that when all the Regiments from Massachusets were ordered to Ticonderoga the Cloathing for them all was sent to Albany. Upon the alteration of the first disposition, Officers were sent to bring down that which belonging to those that were to remain at peekskill, but Genl Gates has in a most extraordinary manner refused to give it up, and it is more than probable has forwarded it to Ticonderoga. This accounts for one half of the Troops of that State being left naked. The Hunting Shirts and over alls will however be more comfortable at this Season than Uniform, and I have given Genl Putnam particular orders to let none draw them that had before been furnished with Uniform.
The proceeding of the State of Rhode Island is to be sure very extraordinary, they had not by the last returns raised but between four and five hundred Men for continental Service. You had better apply to Congress on this head for if some Regulation is not made, every State will think itself intitled to seize what is passing thro’ it, for the use of some of the others.
It would be by no means proper to erect a store at princetown, directly on the Enemy’s Rout. If the commanding Officers of Regts are provident and look well to the wants of their Men they can always send an Officer for a supply of necessaries before they are really wanted.
I have no objection to your distributing the fine Shirts yourself, I would only wish you to allot a proportion to each Regt to avoid an imputation of Partiality.
I have directed the Coats intended for Daytons Regt to be sent forward. And immediately upon Mr Youngs arrival at Camp, sent an express to Peekskill to forbid breaking any of the Packages till he got there. This I hope will prevent the confusion that would have ensued had the Packages been opened at a guess to find the Contents.

I would wish you to endeavour to keep as good supply of shirts and shoes, the articles most in demand and most necessary.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 13 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 13th June 1777

When I wrote to you last evening I forgot to desire that the detatchments of Colo. Saml B. Webbs and Colo. Sherburns Regiments might march with the first division from Peekskill. They are to join Genl Varnums

Brigade, which is at present weak. When any other detatchments of the same Regiments arrive with you, they are to be hastened forward as fast as possible.


Title: General Orders, 14 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, Middle-Brook, June 14th 1777.
Salisbury.Sheffield. Somerset.

As the enemy appear, from different quarters, to be in motion, it is necessary that the army be in readiness to march, it is therefore ordered, that the tents be immediately struck; the baggage and camp equipage loaded; the horses to the waggons, and all the men paraded at their respective encampments, ready to move at a moment’s warning.


Title: Order of March, 14 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Order of march June 14, 77 Middlebrook

The whole army to be under arms exactly at  oClock, the tents to be immediately struck and the waggons loaded. The regiments to be told of into grand and sub. divisions and to march at half distance. The officers to be posted at their proper places. The Brigadiers at the head of their Brigades, The Major Generals at the head of their divisions.
The whole army to be in readiness to march, exactly at the time appointed, is this position, to wait the orders of the Major General of the day for moving that the whole army may march together—The Vanguard to consist of 40 Light horse and one brigade of foot under the command of Brigadier Muhlenburg to advance about 2½ Miles in front of the Army—to march about an hour before the troops are order’d to be in readyness, Reconnoitring parties to be sent some distance in front and upon the flanks to examine all the roads and Suspected places where ambushes may be concealed—The pioneers to march between the light parties in front of the Vanguard and to make such repairs in the Bridges and roads as are necessary to afford an easy and safe passage to the army. The Vanguard to take their Artillery with them, and to advance from the right. The army to march in the following order advancing from the right by subdivisions, General Weedens Brigade first, then Woodfords, Scotts, Waynes, then DeHaws’s, Conways, and Maxwells. The Artilery annex’d to the Brigades to march in the order it is now posted in the lines, Maxwells brigade to form the rear guard, one quarter of which is to march in the rear of the rest about half a mile to pick up straglers—A detachment of 30 light dragoons to form a part of the rear guard, Colonel Morgans light infantry, to cover the left flank of the army, exclusive of which, Each Brigade to furnish a party of 90 men properly officered to keep on the enemy’s flank, and to be under the command of the field officer of the day. The Park of artilery to march in the center of the reserve or second line. no soldier on the march to leave his ranks to fetch water, but if necessity should oblige any to quit their places, they are to leave their arms with the Battn, a non commis’d officer to go with them and see that they return to their proper places. Great attention must be paid, in passing difficult defiles, that the men may pass them briskly, if necessary by files and then form by subdivisions, as soon as the road will permit. the head of the collumn to move slow, as soon as they have passed the defile, untill the rear has gain’d it also—if it should be necessary to halt the troops to refresh the men—The Maj. General leading the collumn, must fix on a proper peice of ground where the battalions are to draw up in the rear of each other in the order they march’d, the arms and

packs to be grounded, an the rolls call’d—the signal for marching, to be a ruff beat by the drummers of the first Battalion, at the head of the Collumn. This to be followed by the Battalions from front to rear, The Packs to be taken up, the arms shouldered, the rolls call’d, and the Battalions to march off in the order before mention’d. The officers always to march with their divisions, allowing their men to shift their arms from shoulder to shoulder to ease them, but to keep the muzzels up to prevent accidents. The Major General of the day will fix upon the ground to encamp on. The Quarter Master Genl with the regtl Quartermasters to mark out the ground, for each Brigade and battaln, the whole army to encamp in two lines. Greens division on the right—Lord stirlings on the left, of the front Line, General Stephens on the right and Genl Lincolns on the left of the second line. the scouts to reconnoiter three miles round the camp. The Brigadier of the Day to fix, the place, and Post the out sentries and guards, which are to be given by Brigades instead of the line, the Park of artilery to form in the center, between the first and second lines, which regiment to be furnished, with waggons according to their strength, to carry their tents, Potts, and camp kettles, a waggon with four horses to be allowed for this purpose, to not less then 120, or more than 150 Men—other regimental waggons to go with the collumn of camp equipage—The regimentl Women to go with these waggons—The waggons loaded with the Tents to march in the rear of each Brigade, to which they belong, upon the approach of the enemy on the march, the baggage waggon to march out of the lines into the rear about three or four hundred yards, & there wait for orders. All the waggons of the army, except those employ’d in carrying the tents to parade near the quarter Mas. Genl to be form’d into a Park in the following order—The commander in chief forms the front of the collumn, The Adjt Genl the Pay Master Genl and Muster Mas. Genl next in order. The Baggage of divisions, in the order the line marches, The Majr Generals in front, The Brigadiers in front of the baggage of their respective brigades.
The regimental Waggons to have a guard of a serjt and six privates, those to be least fit for duty of any in the regiments—each Brigadier to appoint a subaltern to command the whole regimental guards—each division to appoint a Captain to command the escort for the Baggage of the division. The General of the day to appoint a field officer to command the guard for the escort to the collumn of Brigades. The Quarter Mas. General, commanding military stores, and Commissary General each to be furnished, with a subaltern officer, a serjeant & 20 men to guard the stores in their several departments from the line. The Hospital department, to be furnished with a serjt and 10 Privates as a guard from the line. The Waggons in the Quarter Mas. department to

march next to the Baggage, the military stores next, then the Provision, and the flying hospital in the rear of it marches in the same collumn with the Baggage—This collumn to be under direction of Colo. Mifflin, to halt at such places as the Qr Mas. General directs—no Waggoners on any Pretence whatever to go out of the line or rank to which he belongs or is assign’d him, not stop his Waggon to water his horses unless the commanding officer of the collumn gives orders for a halt. If any Waggon happens to break down on the march, it must be moved out of the line immediately.
The Qr Mas. Genl should have spare Waggons to take the load of such broken Waggons wherever the collumn of baggage haults. They are to be drawn up in several lines, in the rear of each other in the order they march.
No Waggoner to leave his waggon, or unlink his horses, but to be in readiness to receive the orders of the commanding officer of the collumn. The Waggon masters to attend the orders of their several division, and to pay due attention to the orders given by their superiors, When the baggage waggons of the army arrive at the ground which the Qr Mas. Genl has previously directed they are to be drawn up in the following order. First his Excellency the commander in chief on the right of the whole, then General Greens division Lord stirling, Genl Lincolns, Genl Stephens—The Qr Mas. Genl Comissary of Military stores, Commissary Genl and Hospitals, taking care to leave proper intervals between each division when the ground will admitt, so that they may move off to the right or left, without confusion; should the army march to the left instead of the right, the order of march to be reversed.


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 14 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
Middle Brook June 14: 1777. 10 OClock. A.M.

Your Letter of Yesterday with Its inclosures, I received last Night. By this Conveyance I shall not send a particular Answer. The Enemy are in motion & a body is advancing from Milstone towards Vanbecters Bridge—Another division is on the Road leading towards Coriels ferry. We are packing up & making every preparation to act as circumstances

shall seem to require. I have the Honor to be with great respect Sir Yr Most Obedt servt

Go: Washington

P.S. The Letters accompanying this, You will please to put in the Post Office.


Title: To George Washington from James Mease, 14 June 1777
From: Mease, James
To: Washington, George

sir
Philadelphia June 14 1777

I had the honor of writing your Excellency the 6th by Mr Young which I perceive had not come to hand when yours of the 8 was sent off. the contents of which being cheifly complied with by Mr Young, being sent to Peekskill I did not think it necessary to trouble your Excellency before now—Mr Turnbul informs me he had the honor of acquainting your Excellency by what means the mistake of the Massachussets troops not being clothed happened. That about 2500 suits of clothing had been sent by order of the Council of that state to a place called Benington on the rout of the troops destined for Tyconderoga Another parcel have been sent to Albany & about 1500 Men have been clothed at Boston this in their opinion was a full proportion of clothing then in hand for the Troops of that state. The troops did not march (or but very few of them) by Benington & the store was removed to Albany I beleive by direction of Genll Gates—however Mr Turnbul will I expect return in a few days to Boston & he shall have it in charge to take the most efectual measures to have this disapointment remedied Col. Gurney acquainted me last night that he had the misfortune of loosing a packet for me wh. he received at Head Quarters this vexes me a good deal least there should [have] been directions from your Excellency as well as information from Mr Young relative to several corps of the Army wh. I had given him memorandums about & to wh. I have not had any reply I take the liberty of mentioning this matter that If your Excellency had written any directions for me since the 8 Inst. you would be pleased to order a copy to be sent The bounty of Clothing for the Horse has never been pointed out by any that I know of & I believe it rests altogether with your Excellency I shall be much oblig’d by your informing what necessaries they shall be supplied with as Bounty—most if not all

of those gone to camp have been furnish’d with a coarse Jacket with sleeves & also with Hunting frocks additional both wh. seem to me in a great degree necessary for Stable duty & I know all the rest will require them thinking they will be given them. Craigs troop who was the first that got them & were supplied at the instance of Colo. Moylan, upon an Idea of their being sent to Camp before they could be clothed but upon trial it appeared they would be clothed long before they could be otherways accoutred & he engaged the men should pay for them if your Excellency or the Congress did not allow them. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect Your Excellency’s most Obdt Hble servant

James Mease


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons, 14 June 1777
From: Parsons, Samuel Holden
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Peeks Kill [N.Y.] June 14th 1777

The Part of my Brigade which were Present & Able to march have cros’d the River according to your Excellency’s Order receiv’d Yesterday. The Number which have march’d I cannot inform with certainty as more Attention has been paid to forwarding them to your Excellency’s Aid, than to a particular Return of Numbers; however I think they will not be far from 1000, about 200 More of the Brigade will be in by Monday Night & will proceed as soon as possible; I wish they were better cloth’d. I am distres’d to find it not in my Power to cloth them so decently as I could wish—Tents are not to be had here to cover all those Who are march’d, what can be done for those who Join I cannot yet find—A Question has arose about sending those on who have not had the small Pox. As our State have lately inlisted much the greater Part of their Men there must necessarily be a great Number who have not had that Disease. but in your Present Situation ’twas tho’t necessary to send all the Aid in our Power, especially as Genl Putnam says Conveniences for innoculating them may be had near Delaware River if necessary—lest this should not be agreable to your Excellency I have sent Major Humphry to know your Pleasure respecting the Matter.
if you think it not best for those Who have not had the small Pox to proceed he will turn them back before they can reach Head Quarters

—What Part of the Lines they will be orderd to I wish to know or whether they are to proceed to Head Quarters—Nothing can better please my Brigade than to aford their Assistance where the Service most requires them; but if the Circumstances of the Army is such That a Body can be spard sufficient to Attack the Enemy post on this Side the River They would wish to have the Privilege of being selected for that Purpose. if the Qr Master at Haverstraw provides Waggons in Season we shall proceed in the Morning. I am yr Excellencys Obedt hle Servt

Saml H. Parsons


Title: To George Washington from Brig. Gen. Gurdon Saltonstall, 14 June 1777 [letter not found]
From: Saltonstall, Gurdon
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Brig. Gen. Gurdon Saltonstall, 14 June 1777. In his letter to Saltonstall of 5 July, GW says that “I have yours of the 14th June.”


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philip Schuyler, 14 June 1777
From: Schuyler, Philip
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Saratoga [N.Y.] June 14th 1777

I do myself the Honor to enclose your Excellency a Letter to Congress, under flying Seal—The Variety of Affairs which claim my Attention do not permit me Time to communicate to your Excellency and Congress seperately such Information, as it may be necessary both should know; you will therefore please to excuse the Mode I take.
Our Numbers are so few to the Northward; and we have so little prospect of their encreasing, that should a Disaster befal us at Tyonderoga, we should have very few Troops indeed to oppose them—If the Enemy should make an Attempt to penetrate into the Country, I shall probably be under the Necessity of calling for Assistance from Peek’s Kill—perhaps your Excellency may think proper to lodge an Order with the commanding Officer to comply with my Requisition (if I should make one) ascertaining the Number you may think proper to spare—Be assured that I shall not ask any aid, as long as there is a possibility of doing without.
Your Letter of the 11h May to General Gates was this Day delivered

me by Brigadier General Learned—The Cloathing for Colo: Shepherd’s Regiment, if at Tyonderoga, will be immediately sent down. I am dear Sir with the sincerest Esteem Your Excellency’s most obedient humble Servant

Ph: Schuyler


Title: From George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 14 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 14th June 1777

I am uneasy at hearing nothing from you. The Enemy have advanced a party, said to be two thousand, as far as Van Ests Mill upon Millstone River. They have been skirmishing with Colo. Morgans Rifle Men, but have halted on a peice of high Ground. Some Accounts say that their main Body has marched by the Brunswic Road towards princetown but by neither seeing your Signals nor hearing from you I am intirely at a loss how to act. I beg you will the Moment you receive this, send me back a trusty fresh Express with an Account of Matters in your Quarter: by a safe Rout. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt

Go: Washington

P.S. draw every Man of the Militia, that you possibly can, together.


Title: To George Washington from Maj. Gen. John Sullivan, 14 June 1777 [letter not found]
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Maj. Gen. John Sullivan, 14 June 1777. GW begins his second letter to Sullivan of 14 June by saying that “I am favd with yours of this morning.”


Title: From George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 14 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 14th June 1777. 7 OClock P.M.

I am favd with yours of this morning. Upon considering your Situation, the General Officers are of opinion, that while you remain upon their left Flank of the Enemy it is always in their Power by pushing briskly towards the Delaware to cut you off from joining this Army or perhaps of crossing the River. But if you cross their Front and get upon their right Flank you can always form a junction with this Army to which you will be a very considerable addition. The Opinion therefore is that you should immediately upon the Receipt of this begin your march and reach Fleming Town as soon as possible, upon your arrival you will view the Ground and post yourself on that which is most advantageous. You will take all your Baggage with you and when you take post keep it still upon your Right where the Country grows very strong. Keep out small parties of Militia and your own Troops to reconnoitre and endeavour if possible to learn the Strength of the other Columns and how far they are advanced. Endeavour to draw the Militia together. Our Move must depend intirely upon that of the Enemy. We have parties near them to give us the earliest Notice of their Motions and as we shall intirely disincumber ourselves of Baggage can harrass their Flanks and Rear or make a more general attack if we find an Oppertunity.
From the information of a deserter Genl Howe and Ld Cornwallis are with the Army at Somerset and we therefore conclude that is their main Body. After reading the inclosed be pleased to forward it immediately to Coryels Ferry. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 15 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, Middle-Brook, June 15th 1777.
Virginia.Vanests. Vienna.

As it is proper the mode of performing and receiving the Grand rounds, should be the same throughout the Army, as well for the sake of security, as uniformity and order. In future the following is that, which is to be pursued.
The Field officer of the grand rounds, before he begins his visits, to procure such an escort as he chuses, not exceeding a Serjt and six—Accompanied by these, he is to pass all the sentries, remote from the guard, by his Serjeant, who is to advance for the purpose answering “Grand rounds” when hailed, and giving the Countersign.
When he arrives near the guard, the sentry next to it hails, and upon being answered—“Grand-rounds”—cries “Stand Grand rounds”—and calls the guard to turn out—When this is done, the officer of the guard sends a commissioned officer (if the guard consists of more than one) if not, a serjeant and six to meet the rounds, who, when arrived within twelve paces of them, challenges and on being answered “Grand-rounds”—cries “Advance officer with the parole”—at the same time making his party open a passage by wheeling backwards from the Centre, for the officer of the rounds to pass through them, and resting their firelocks, as he passes—The officer, or serjeant conducts him to the officer of the guard, who receives him at the right of his guard, with his Bayonet towards his breast, at which time the officer of the rounds, whispers the parole in his ear—The officer of the guard finding the parole true, orders his guard to rest their firelock, upon which the officer of the rounds goes along the front of the guard, and after counting them, asking such questions, and giving such instructions, as he thinks proper, orders the officer to return his guard, and rejoins his escort, with which, he is to proceed where he thinks proper.
Complaints having been made to the Commander in Chief, that some officers, fond of any pretext, to get out of the way of their duty, obtrude themselves upon the hospitals, without answering any useful end, but rather serving to embarrass and take up room that might be better employed—He orders that not more than one officer attend any hospital unless by application from one of the Directors or Physicians and Surgeons General of the army; and that officer to be a discreet, sensible man, whose business it shall be to observe the treatment of the sick, and report any neglect or mismanagement he may discover. He is also to assist in supporting good order among the soldiers; but is to exercise no authority, inconsistent with that perfect controul the

doctors should have over their patients—All supernumerary officers immediately to repair to their respective corps.


Title: To George Washington from Maj. Gen. Benedict Arnold, 15 June 1777 [letter not found]
From: Arnold, Benedict
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Maj. Gen. Benedict Arnold, 15 June 1777. In his letter to GW of 16 June, Arnold says that “I wrote your Excellency yesterday.”


Title: To George Washington from Arthur Lee, 15 June 1777
From: Lee, Arthur
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Berlin June 15th 1777.

It has been with uncommon Satisfaction that I have seen you in a situation, in which I long agoe hoped you wou’d be, if we were forced to dispute the great question which in my own Judgement I was satisfied wou’d happen—I never forgot your declaration when I had the pleasure of being at your House in 1768 that you was ready to take your Musket upon your Shoulder, whenever your Country call’d upon you,

I heard that declaration with great satisfaction, I recollect it with the Same, & have seen it verify’d to your Immortal honor & the eminent advantage of the Illustrious cause in which we are contending.
I have the pleasure of assuring you, that your conduct against General Howe has been highly approved, by the principal military Men here & in France. that approbation has been increased in those to whom I have had the Opportunity of Stating the great inferiority of the Troops you commanded to those of the Enemy in number & in every necessary provision for War—The Prussian Army which amounts to 228,000 Horse & foot are disciplin’d, by force of hourly exercise & caning, to move with a rapidity & order so as certain to Succeed any troops in Europe—When the king reviews any Army of 40,000 Men not a Man or Horse, though the former in full March & the latter in full Gallop, is discernably out of the line. the Regiments here are in the field every day, where besides the general exercise, every Man is filed off Singly & passes in review before different Officers who beat his Limbs into the position they think proper so that the Man appears to be purely a Machine in the hand of a Workman—The improvements of Utility which I have been able to Note are these[. The ramrod is thicker all the way than ours, and enlarged at each end as ours are at one; the advantage of this is, that to ram down the charge they do not turn the rod, but raising it to the muzzle plunge the lower end into the barrel, and then raising it up return it straight, without the necessity of turning it as formerly. This saves two very awkward motions for turning the rammer, and a great deal of time. The mouth of the loops, that receive the rammer is very large, so that there is much more readiness in hitting them than formerly, which also expedites the important business of charging the musket. To compensate the increase of weight, the musket is shortened two inches in the barrel. When they present, instead of levelling their firelocks, they are taught to slant them down, so that a point blank shot from them so depressed would strike the ground at about ten yards distance. And this depression is found necessary to counteract the elevation, which the act of firing gives inevitably to the musket. And even when a ball does strike the ground, it generally rises and may do execution; but if directed too high, it is lost irretrievably.
These are alterations, which seem to me of great utility; and I wish they may appear so to you.
It is my intention, when I have leisure, to write the history of this civil contention. The share you have had in it will form an interesting and important part. It will be in your power to preserve a variety of most material papers and anecdotes for such a work. May I venture to hope, that you will think me so far worthy of your confidence, and fit for such

a work, as to preserve them for me? Dubious parts of history can be cleared by such documents only.
The resources of our enemy are almost annihilated in Germany; and their last resort is to the Roman Catholics of Ireland. They have already experienced their unwillingness to go, every man of a regiment raised there last year having obliged them to ship him off tied and bound. And most certainly, they will desert more than any other troops whatsoever. They themselves rely upon the present campaign, so that if it should not produce something very decisive in their favor, which God forbid, we may depend upon their efforts being in the wane. With the most ardent wishes for your success, safety, and happiness, I am &c.

Arthur Lee.]


Title: To George Washington from Maj. Gen. Israel Putnam, 15 June 1777 [letter not found]
From: Putnam, Israel
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Maj. Gen. Israel Putnam, 15 June 1777. In his letter to Putnam of 17 June, GW says that “I have been favoured with yours of the 15th & 16th Instant.”


Title: To George Washington from Maj. Gen. John Sullivan, 15 June 1777 [letter not found]
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Maj. Gen. John Sullivan, 15 June 1777. GW writes in his letter to Sullivan of this date that “I have both your favs. of this day.”


Title: To George Washington from Joseph Trumbull, 15 June 1777
From: Trumbull, Joseph
To: Washington, George

Camp Middle Brook 15th June 1777
May it Please Your Excellency

Herewith You have a Copy of my Letter of this date to Congress, forwarded by Express—requesting of them a dismission from their Service, for the Reasons, therein Assigned—I cannot undertake to Continue longer in a most troublesome Office, at best but rendered insupportable, by neglect, & inattention to repeated representations of want of Regulations therein—I most devoutly Wish some Person may be appointed, who, will serve with more ability, with more Integrity, & good Intention, I am sure no one can, & that that Person may have the

Obstacles In his way, & the difficulties I have had to Encounter removed. I am, with the greatest Respect Your Excellency’s Most Obedient Humble servt

Jos: Trumbull


Title: General Orders, 16 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook, June 16th 1777
Williamsburgh.Wilmington. Windsor.

The General Court Martial, held the 13th Instant, having reconsidered their proceedings of the 3rd and being still of their former opinion for acquitting Lieut: Myers of the German Battalion—The General directs that he be acquitted, and released from arrest.
The commanding officer nearest any hospital is to furnish a prudent good officer, to assist in the government of it, so far as it relates to keeping the convalescent soldiers in order; having proper guards, and the like; and to see that justice is done to the sick, reporting any neglect, or abuses they may observe, first to the chief director of the hospital, and then, if not remedied, to the commanding officer of the post from which he was sent, who, if he thinks the representation just, is to communicate them to the Commander in Chief.
The army not to omit exercising every day, as heretofore practiced—A thing so essential is never to be neglected, unless in such circumstances as render it impossible.
All parties whatsoever, from thirty upwards, marching under arms, to march by sub or grand divisions, unless where the nature of the ground, or any particular disposition, makes a different mode necessary—The officers to be very attentive, that their men keep their ranks always dressed, and use their feet in concert, which are equally conducive to the order, beauty, strength and expedition of a marching body.
For the sake of regularity, ’till a more eligible mode shall be pointed out—officers are to salute in the following manner only. For a standing salute, they are to order their fusees, and take off their hats gracefully, bringing the arm down close to the left side, until the person saluted passes. For a marching salute, they are to trail their fusees, and take off their hats as in the foregoing—In both cases, ’tis supposed they have their fusees rested on their left arms; from which they perform the order or trail, the first in three, and the last in two motions; and afterwards

return their fusees, to the same position—In the order, they hold out their fusees, in a line with themselves, with an easy extended arm.
All regimental pay-Masters are ordered immediately to join their respective corps, or they may depend on being punished and displaced—No excuse, but sickness, and that properly certified, will be admitted for eluding this order.
No regimental pay-Master in future to absent himself from Camp on any pretence whatever, without leave of the Commander in Chief.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Benedict Arnold, 16 June 1777
From: Arnold, Benedict
To: Washington, George

Carryells Ferry June 16th 1777 8 OClock P.M.
My Dear General

I wrote your Excellency yesterday that the Boats, Scows, &c. were sent up the River Eleven Miles, to a place called Tohegan, except such as were Necessary here, which, would be secured from the Enemy in case of their approach, since which I have had no direct, and but very imperfect Intelligence from your Excellency, I am at a loss if any part of your Army, has removed from Middlebrook, and more so of your Excellencys intentions, the Enemy I am informed are at Summerset height’s, intrenchg General Sullivan is at Flemington, with Sixteen hundred, Continental Troops, the Jersey Militia & One Thousand Men, I have sent him from this Place, half Continental, the others Militia, I expect Colonel Bull here to’morrow, with five hundred State Troops Part of two Battallions engaged for the Warr, General Mifflin writes me yesterday the City Militia, will move this morning, I am informed there is about Two thousand Of them, they bring Ten pieces Cannon four, Sixes, & Twelve Prs & One Royal Howitizr, Two hundred Tents, One Thousd felling Axes, One Thousd Spades, & Shovels, One quarter part of the Militia of this State are Ordered out immediately, except two of the Western Counties, the whole, including the City Militia, I am informed will Make Ten thousd Men, three thousand of the Southern Continental Troops are on their March, & will be in Philada In the Course of a Week—Six heavy pieces Cannon, four Gallies & Ten Armed Boats, are Arived, at Bristol, & Trenton Ferries—the Enemy must be desperate Indeed if they attempt to push for Philada—As the Militia can be but Illy Spared at this busy season, I wish to know as Early as posible your Excellency’s Orders respecting them, if you wish to have them in the Jersies, or on this side the Delaware, if the latter for the

Defense of the Passes on the river, One half will effectually Answer the Purpose, I have examined, & Inclosed your Excellency a Sketch of the, Passes between this and Trenton Ferry, four or five thousand Men with a few Pieces Cannon, will effectually guard the whole and As far down as Philada with the Assistance of the Gallies, & Armed Boats, against Twenty Thousand Men, Above Corryells Ferry I am Convinced the Enemy will Never Attempt to Pass. I hope the Troops will be Ordered for a different purpose, that of Securing the Enemy where they are in the Jersies. If they are detained here I shall employ them in Fortifying the banks of the river agt the Passes.
I have sent of this Evening Via Flemington Four Waggons, Musquet Cartridges qt. Sixty Six Thousand, Under an Escort of Seventy five Men. I have only to Add, with great respect & Esteem I am Your Excellencys most Obedt Hble Servt

B. Arnold


Title: To George Washington from John Langdon, 16 June 1777
From: Langdon, John
To: Washington, George

Sir
Portsmouth [N.H.] June 16th 1777.

Your favour of the 1st of June, have Just received, in Obedience to which shall send on the few remaining Arms, as fast as possible to Springfield, it would have made me happy if few could have remained for the particular purpose mentioned, but as the State of the Armory calls for them, we have no reason to expect it.
We have been particularly unfortunate not to get in any Arms for this State, the Massachusetts have been happy enough to get in lately Twenty thousand, which will be great security to that State, I’ve received Orders from the Clothier General in Consequence of which the Cloathing has gone on to Boston.
This State has received Verry pressing Letters from the Officers of the Hampshire Troops at Ticonderoga for Cloathing, the Men for the most part being not only ragged but without Uniform. I am with particular Respect Your Excellencys Most Obedt Servt

John Langdon