Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 11 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

Sir,
Head Quarters Middle Brook May 11th 1779

I have the honor to inclose Your Excellency copies of letters and papers, which have passed on the subject of a late remonstrance from the officers of the 1st Jersey Regiment, to the Assembly of their state. This is an affair which Congress will no doubt view in a very serious light. To me it appears truly alarming. It shows what is to be apprehended, if some adequate provision is not generally made for the officers. I have frequently taken the liberty to suggest my sentiments of what ought to be done. The subject was particularly discussed in my late interviews with the Committee of conference. A repetition would be needless. I shall observe that the distresses in some corps are so great, either where they were not ’till lately attached to particular states, or where the states have been less provident, that officers have solicited even to be supplied with the cloathing destined for the common soldiery coarse and unsuitable as they were. I had not power to comply with the request. The patience of men, animated by a sense of duty and honour will support them to a certain point, beyond which it will not go. I doubt not Congress will be sensible of the danger of an extreme in this respect, and will pardon my anxiety to obviate it.
I view the conduct of the officers concerned in the present instance as highly blameable; and I have signified my disapprobation. I trust the mode will not be thought too mild when our situation is considered. The causes of discontent are too great and too general and the ties that bind the officers to the service too feeble to admit of rigor.
Their letter to me in which they undertake to justify their conduct was embarrassing. I thought it best to take no direct notice of it; because I must either have done too much for our circumstances, or too little for the nature of the proceeding—I contented myself with writing the letter to General Maxwell of the 10th.
I have this moment received information, that the Assembly have made some provision for their troops. It seems there was a compromise upon the occasion. The officers withdrew their remonstrance, and the Assembly went into the business. It is lamentable, that the measure should have been delayed, ’till it became in a manner extorted. Notwithstanding the expedient adopted for saving appearances, this cannot fail to operate as a bad precedent.
Mr Flint has delivered me extracts of some letters, he has lately received, by which it appears that the Commissary’s department is exceedingly distressed for want of money. The disappointment in the article of cattle mentioned by Mr Champion will sensibly affect our Western expedition, which depended on a supply from the Eastward—If we should be able to feed this army by the help of salt provisions, this is a resource which will not answer for that expedition.
I was duly honored with your favour of the 4th. Congress will be pleased to accept my thanks for the assistance offered in the article of specie for secret services, which I shall draw for as occasion may require. With the help of this necessary ingredient, good intelligence might be obtained were not the channel obstructed by a too cautious policy in the states—To enable our correspondents among the enemy to convey their intelligence, we are often obliged to make use of ambiguous characters as the vehicles; and to permit them to carry on some traffic both as an encouragement and cover to their mission. There have been instances of prosecutions in the civil courts against these people; and in order to skreen them from punishment, we have been under a necessity of discovering their occupation. This has served to deter others from acting in the same capacity, and to increase the dread of detection in our confidential friends.
I have made an application for the cannon at Boston. With perfect respect & esteem I have the honor to be Your Excellency’s Most Obedient servant
Go: Washington
P.S. Since writing the above your favour of the 5th is received.


Title: To George Washington from George Mesam, 11 May 1779
From: Mesam, George
To: Washington, George

        Letter not found: from George Measam, 11 May 1779. GW wrote to Measam on 13 June acknowledging receipt of a letter of 11 May (DLC:GW).


Title: From George Washington to Major James Parr, 11 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Parr, James

sir
Head Qrs Middle Brook May 11th 1779

As the exigencies of the service require, that the Two Rifle companies should continue detached from the Main Army for some short time—I request that you will remain with them, till you are farther advised by me. I am Sir Yr Most Obedt servant
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons, 11 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Parsons, Samuel Holden

Sir
Head Qrs Middlebrook 11th May 1779

Your two favors of the 2d & 3d instant with their inclosures have been duly received.
It was my intention that your brigade should have reinforced the highland posts in the first instance; however as it was under circumstances on the receipt of the order, which made it expedient for Gen: Huntington’s to march, his need not be recalled; and yours will remain on its present ground till my further orders. The embarkation from New-York, about which we were uncertain, sailed the 5th Instant and it is said amounts to near 4000 troops. Its destination a secret.
I would observe in this place that altho’ I wish you to keep yourself in the utmost state of readiness to move at the shortest notice, yet I do not now mean by this, that you should neglect such guards & Patroles towards the Enemy’s lines, as are necessary for your own security & the checking their excursions into the Country The horses of the brigade need not be brought into camp, but kept in its vicinity, where they can be better foraged, at a less expence, and easily drawn together when wanted.

I mentioned in one of my last letters that arms and accoutremen⟨ts⟩ should be furnished to supply the deficiencies. I have since given Gen: Knox directions on this subject, that they may be procured at Springfield. With respect to tents Camp utensils, and the portmanteaus for the officers, these you will draw from the quartermasters store when absolutely necesy. I cannot say how the quartermaster General stands supplied with the latter. I shall speak to him however; and in case a sufficient number should not be provided in time for opening the campaign—the officers will nevertheless attend to the general order as far as practicable.
Inclosed you have my acceptance of the resignations of the commissions which you forwarded. The commissions shall be transfered to the board of war that the officers next in rank may have new ones made out agreeable to their succession. I am Sir &c.


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Holden Parsons, 11 May 1779
From: Parsons, Samuel Holden
To: Washington, George

        Letter not found: from Samuel Holden Parsons, 11 May 1779. GW wrote to Parsons on 28 May: “Your favours of the 11th and 15th instant came duly to hand.”


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Walter Stewart, 11 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Stewart, Walter

D. Sir
Head Qrs [Middlebrook] May 11: 1779

Mr Harrison has presented me with Your Letter to him of yesterday in favor of Mr Murran. The power of appointing Regimental Officers is with the respective States. If it were in me, from your character of the Gentleman, I should not refuse him the Ensigncy which you request. Your application to the State of pensylvania may p[r]obably procure it. I am Dr sir with great regard & esteem Yr Most Obedt sert
Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 12 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Wednesday May 12th 1779.
Parole Zemlin—C. Signs Zembla Zara.

The following Virginia Regiments are for the present to be united the 3rd with the 4th—the 5th with the 11th—These regiments so united and the 2nd 7th and 8th are to compose Genl Woodford’s Brigade—The 1st is in like manner to be united with the 10th and together with the 6th Regiment, the one commanded by Colonel Gist and the 1st and 2nd State Regiments are to compose General Muhlenberg’s.
The Delaware Regiment is to join the 2nd Maryland Brigade.
The Honorable the Congress having been pleased by a resolve of the 29th of March last to establish a system of regulations for the order and discipline of the troops of The United States, The Commander in Chief flatters himself that all officers impressed with the importance of a regular system of Manœuvres and discipline will zealously employ themselves to become thoroughly acquainted with these regulations & with all possible punctuality and dispatch to put them in practice within the limits of their respective commands.
To forward this desirable purpose, the Inspector General will immediately enter upon the exercise of his office as established by Congress, and the General relying upon his Zeal and Intelligence, of which he has already given proofs, and the laudable spirit of emulation which prevails throughout the Army doubts not that we shall meet with success equal to our warmest wishes.
The Inspector General will take care that copies of the regulations are distributed to all the regiments, one for each officer who is to be answerable for the copy he receives, and in case of his quitting the regiment is to deliver it up to the commanding officer.
He will also give the necessary instructions to the Sub-Inspectors and Majors of Brigade relative to the duties they are to perform: He will see that an uniform formation takes place forthwith in the several regiments and whenever he perceives a regiment so reduced as not to be able to turn out under arms the number prescribed for forming a Battalion, he is to report the same to the Commander in Chief that the necessary arrangements may be made accordingly.
For the present the Battalions are to be divided into eight companies from which the company of Light-Infantry will hereafter be drawn.
He will visit by turns the different regiments at the hours of exercise and see that every thing is conducted in strict conformity to the regulations: He will at all times pay particular attention that the service of the guards be performed with the greatest exactness.
He must as speedily as possible review the several regiments on the ground, in which review, he will cause the following returns to be made to him (viz.)

1st
The number of officers non commissioned officers & men present and those that are absent, with the places where, and on what account they are absent, together with the number of officers and men wanting to complete the arrangement of March 1778.

2nd
The number and condition of the Arms, Ammunition and Accoutrements.

3rd
The State of the men’s cloathing and necessaries; the qualifications of the non commissioned officers, particularly the one who is proposed for the first serjeant of the company, are also to be examined.

The 1st Pennsylvania Brigade will be reviewed on friday next by the Inspector General; for which purpose the 2nd Brigade is to furnish the details from that line on that and the preceding day.
At 7 ôClock on friday morning the 1st regiment will parade with their Arms, Accoutrements, Blankets & Knapsacks containing their spare cloathing & necessaries.
        At nine ôClock the 7th regiment; At 11 ôClock the 10th, and at 4 ôClock P.M. the 2nd will parade in the same manner.
Each regiment is to be provided with the following returns signed by the Colonel.

1st
Regimental Return.

2nd
Return of Arms, Ammunition & Accoutrements.

3rd
Return of Clothing and Necessaries.

In these returns each company is to be distinguished the same as in the regimental weekly returns.
On sunday the 1st Brigade will relieve the guards of the 2nd—that they may be reviewed in the same order on monday, and the different regiments of the 2nd brigade, begining on the right will parade, on that day, at the same hours as ordered for the 1st brigade.
At a brigade General Court Martial held at the Park of Artillery, by order of Brigadier General Knox May 5th 1779, Major Holmer President, Peter Robinson, George Baker and James Ford of Colonel Harrison’s regiment of Artillery were tried for “Desertion and attempting to go to the enemy.”
After mature deliberation the Court do unanimously sentence, Peter Robinson to suffer death, and two thirds of the court agreeing thereto do sentence George Baker and James Ford also to suffer death, all being guilty of a breach of the 1st Article 6th section of the Articles of War.
His Excellency the Commander in Chief confirms the sentences and orders said Robinson Baker and Ford to be hung tomorrow morning 11 oClock at Pluckemin.


Title: Address to the Delaware Nation, 12 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Delaware Nation

Head Qrs Middle Brook May the 12: 1779

To the Chief Men, Deputies from the Delaware Nation—
Brothers—
I am happy to see you here. I am glad the long Journey you have made, has done you no harm; and that you are in good health. I am glad also you left All our friends of the Delaware Nation well.
Brothers—
I have read your paper. The things you have said are weighty things, and I have considered them well. The Delaware Nation have shewn their good will to the United States. They have done wisely and I hope they will never repent. I rejoice in the new assurances you give of their friendship. The things you now offer to do to brighten the chain, prove your sincerity. I am sure congress will run to meet you—and will do every thing in their power to make the friendship between the people of those States—and their Brethren of the Delaware nation, last for ever.
Brothers—
I am a Warrior. My words are few and plain; but I will make good what I say. ‘Tis my business to destroy all the Enemies of these States and to protect their friends. You have seen how we have withstood the English for four years; and how their great Armies have dwindled away and come to very little; and how what remains of them in this part of our great Country, are glad to stay upon two or three little Islands—where the Waters and their Ships hinder us from going to destroy them. The English, Brothers, are a boasting people—They talk of doing a great deal; but they do very little. They fly away on their Ships from one part of our Country to another; but as soon as our Warriors get together they leave it and go to some other part. They took Boston & philadelphia—two of our greatest Towns; but when they saw our Warriors in a great body ready to fall upon them—they were forced to leave them.
Brothers.
We have till lately fought the English all alone. Now the Great King of France is become our Good Brother and Ally. He has taken up the Hatchet with us, and we have sworn never to bury it, till we have punished the English and made them sorry for All the wicked things they had in their Hearts to do against these States. And there are other Great Kings and Nations on the other side of the big Waters, who love us and wish us well—and will not suffer the English to hurt us.

Brothers.
Listen well to what I tell you and let it sink deep into your Hearts. We love our Friends—and will be faithful to them—as long as they will be faithful to us. We are sure our Good brothers the Delawares will always be so. But we have sworn to take vengeance on our Enemies—and on false friends. The other day, a handful of our young men destroyed the settlement of the Onondagas. They burnt down all their Houses—destroyed their grain and Horses and Cattle—took their Arms away—killed several of their Warriors and brought off many prisoners and obliged the rest to fly into the woods. This is but the beginning of the troubles which those Nations, who have taken up the Hatchet against us, will feel.
Brothers.
I am sorry to hear that you have sufferred for want of Necessaries—or that any of our people have not dealt justly by you. But as you are going to Congress, which is the great Council of the Nation and hold all things in their hands, I shall say nothing about the supplies you ask. I hope you will receive satisfaction from them. I assure you—I will do every thing in my power to prevent your receiving any further injuries and will give the strictest orders for this purpose⟨.⟩ I will severely punish any that shall break them.
Brothers.
I am glad you have brought three of the Children of your principal Chiefs to be educated with us. I am sure Congress will open the Arms of love to them—and will look upon them as their own Children and will have them educated accordingly. This is a great mark of your confidence and of your desire to preserve the friendship between the Two Nations to the end of time—and to become One people with your Brethren of the United States. My ears hear with pleasure the other matters you mention. Congress will be glad to hear them too. You do well to wish to learn our arts and ways of life and above all—the religion of Jesus Christ. These will make you a greater and happier people than you are. Congress will do every thing they can to assist you in this wise intention; and to tie the knot of friendship and union so fast—that nothing shall ever be able to loose it.
Brothers—
There are some matters about whic⟨h I do not open my Lips, because they belong to Congress, and not to us warriors—You are going to them—they will tell you all you wish to know.
Brothers.
When you have seen all you want to see, I will then wish you a good Journey to Philadelphia. I hope you may find there every thing your hearts can wish, that when you return home you may be able to tell your Nation good things of us—And I pray god he may make your Nation wise and Strong, that they may always see their own⟩ true interest and have courage to walk in the right path; and that they never may be deceived by lies to do any thing against the people of these States, who are their Brothers and ought always to be one people with them.
Go: WashingtonCommander in chief of all the armies in the United States of America


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Edward Hand, 12 May 1779
From: Hand, Edward
To: Washington, George

Sir
Wyoming [Pa.] 12th May 1779

I have recd your Excellys favr of the 30th Ultimo as I dont know where Genl Sullivan now is must trouble your Excy to forward the inclosed.
the consumption of the Article of Shoes in every other department as well as this prompts me to recommend the Sending some Sole Leather & Some scraps of upper leather Such as the Shoe Makers make no use of, to every regiment together with one or two Sets of Shoe Makers tools. I think it would be a very great saveing, it is distressing to See shoes cast away as Useless which might be easily mended if the Materials could be procured.
Captn Schott & the Officers of his little Corps are very Uneasie at their present Situation, they wish to be permited to recruit the Corps to a number that will entitle them to promotion, and eneable them to distinguish themselves & the Corps—or to be joind to some other Regimt. the State they are indifferent About, the Securing their rank, and the indulgences given by the Several states to their own troops being what they aim at—if they cant be permited to avail themselves of either of the Above Advantages they propose quiting the Service—Captn Schott I think is a very good and Active Officer would therefore be Sorry to looss him.
If Maryland & Pennslvania claim their Several proportions of the German Regt and it is in Consequence Seperated—perhaps it might be well to Annex Schotts Corps one part.

On the 9th Instt just as Major Prowel was About to Embark his party he recd a letter from your Excy desireing him to Send a Small party under the command of Captn McClean to Middle Brook Camp—from the date of your Orders I imagine you expected Major Prowel would recieve them before he left Delaware—at any rate I think the party too Small to March by the way of Fort Penn—therefore desired him to take them with him to Sunbury from whence I would Order them by Easton to Camp—or by any other Route Your Excelly May please to direct—it may not be amis to observe that Since the death of Lt Jones the Party is without an Officer.
It has been hinted to me that some Gentn have propogated a report of my being removed from the Pennsylvania Line & that it was to prevent my giving any opposition to Col. Irwines in supporting that argument I was Sent to albany last October & am stil kept removed from the Body of the Army—this last however I beg leave to Assure your Excy I do not give the least credit to.
I don’t conceive that any set of men can have a Power of Proscription, where there is no crime laid against the Party to be Banished—I therefore claim my Rank in the Pennsylvania Line next after Genl Wayne agreable to the Commission I have the Honour to hold from Congress—Perhaps those Gentn who wish to support the Propriety of taking Rank from former Commissions do not recollect that Adhering to that rule Invariably, would give me the Rank of every Officer now doing duty in the Pennsylvania Line—but this I wish not to have Occasion to mention a Second time.
To your Excy as my Military Father I look up for Protection & justice relying that you will not suffer any Advantage to be taken of my remote Situation. I am sir with much respect yr Excys most obedt Hble Servt
Edwd Hand


Title: To George Washington from John Jay, 12 May 1779
From: Jay, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia 12th May 1779

Copies of three Acts of Congress are herewith enclosed—One of the 11th Inst., ascertaining the Pay & Subsistence of Engineers, Sappers, and Miners, & appointing Brigadier General Du Portail Commandant of those Corps—Another of the 12 Inst., appointing Coll William Irvin a Brigadier for Pennsylvania, And the third of the 12th Inst., for accepting the Resignations of Lieutenant Vallance, and Ensign Brush of Coll Warner’s Regiment. I have the Honor to be With the greatest Respect & Esteem your Excellency’s Most Obedient And Humble Servant
John Jay Presidt


Title: To George Washington from John Jay, 12 May 1779
From: Jay, John
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Philadelphia 12 May 1779

Mrs De Lancey will be the Bearer of this Letter—when Philadelphia was evacuated, she went round with the Fleet to New York; and left it last October, so circumstanced, as to bring out but very little of her wearing apparel. She is anxious to obtain Permission to send for the Remainder. The Request appears to me reasonable, and therefore I take the Liberty of recommending it to your Excellency’s attention.
my former Respect for Mr De Lancey’s Family, my Intimacy with some, and the Gratitude I owe to several of them, will uniformly induce me to promote their welfare & Happiness, in every way consistent with the higher obligations due to Justice & my Country.
These Considerations, added to those which Humanity suggest, and both advocated by the Distress of a fine woman, will I am persuaded have weight with your Excellency, and will lead me to consider myself obliged by every mark of Kindness and attention shewn to this Lady. I have the Honor to be with perfect Esteem & personal Regard—Your Excellencys most obedient Servant
John Jay


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Henry Knox, 12 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Knox, Henry

Dr Sir,
Middlebrook May 12th 79

The Inclosed letters respecting the rank of Officers in Proctors Regiment, & Colo. Flower’s pretensions, are this moment come to hand. I wish you to consider them attentively, and give me your sentiments in writing, fully, upon every matter & thing contained in them. The amusements of Phila. have such preferable charms to the dangers and hardships of the field, that I shall not be surprized at finding a thousand difficulties ennumerated by the above Corps to prevent their Marching—I wish therefore as far as is consistent with the rights of others, that every obstacle may be removed, and complaints done away.
The letter to the Council of the Massachusetts bay is under a flying Seal for your perusal—Please to take the necessary, and most speedy measures to bring on the Cannon therein required to the Posts in the Highlands. I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt Sert
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to the Massachusetts Council, 12 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Massachusetts Council

Gentn
Head Qrs [Middlebrook] May the 12: 1779

I do myself the Honor of transmitting you a Copy of an Act of Congress of the 1st Instant. The defenceless condition of the very important and interesting posts on Hudson’s river for the want of Cannon—and the impracticability of procuring ’em elsewhere, were the motives to it’s adoption. And I have directed General Heath to have the few heavy pieces belonging to the United States, which are now in the Massachussets, brought forward with all possible expedition to those posts. Their security for want of proper Artillery has been long hazarded—and even after this accession, they will be extremely deficient in the number essential to their certain support. I should hope that your state cannot experience the smallest possible inconvenience by this procedure—and more especially as it has received a considerable augmentation of large Cannon from the Sommerset Man of War. I have the Honor to be with great respect Gentn Yr Most Obedt servant.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Maxwell, 12 May 1779
From: Maxwell, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
Elizth Town [N.J.] 12th May 1779

I have the pleasure to inform Your Excellency that the first Regt set off Yesterday in high spirits about 8 o’clock, they would have gone the day before but the Paymaster had not finished paying them till evening. Agreeable to lots drawn on the receipt of Your order for one Regt to March, it falls to the 3d to march next, shall the Artillery go with them, and what is to become of Furmans little Corps. There is no Militia arived yet, the refugees and others are pleasing themselves much, with the prospects of the plunder they expect to obtain shortly in those parts. I will give You what intiligence I got this morning Just as I received it. Viz. General Jones is going to England, General Leslee is to command New York. General Sir Wm Erskine is come from the E. end of Long Island to the part Opposite to N. York, with two thousand Troops. General Mathews commands the Expedition that is gone out, with what was generaly called 4,000 Troops, but they are supposed to be considerably less. All accounts agree, they are gone along the Suthern shore they say they have accounts from them that some of them was in Cheasapeake Bay already; their design is to land and plunder at every place they can, between the last mentioned place and Charles Town; and take or destroy all our Vessels on that coast.
There is no Fleet arived from England yet with Troops, but they are still expected; though not so strongly as they were some time ago, for they say that should they not come, there will be no Campaign opened this Summer but they will go on with their scouting and plundering from place to place I inclose You a late New york Paper and sends by the Express Your Boots.
I have heard that 22 of the Robers, and house breakers, has been taken lately near the Clove and that Buskirks people have murthered several of the Inhabitants and burned a number of Houses and Barns at a place called the Closter in Bergan: and carryed off every thing they could. I am Sir Your Most Obedt Humble Servant
Wm Maxwell


Title: From George Washington to Major General Alexander McDougall, 12 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

Dr Sir
Head Quarters Middlebrook 12th May 1779.

Your favor of the 8th instant was handed me yesterday evening.
Should any of the New-York levies arrive at your post, you will be pleased to order them immediately up to Gen. Clinton at Albany.
The two remaining regiments of Poors brigade are to be put in readiness to march at a moments notice.
I have omitted giving any directions relative to resignations, till I could ascertain, fully, all the regulations which have passed on this subject; when I obtain these I shall make you the proper communication. I am D. Sir your most obt & hble servt
Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Philip Schuyler, 12 May 1779
From: Schuyler, Philip
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Albany May 12th 1779.

Last Night your Excellency’s Favor of the 5th Instant, covering Duplicate of that of the 27th Ult. was delivered me.
Inclose Duplicate of mine of the 27th containing the particulars of the Enterprize against Onondaga—I find Mr Sickles, the Assistant Deputy Quarter Master General had sent off the Express without the original Letter: that the person who carried it could not overtake but that it was delivered to Colonel Hay, who writes that he had forwarded it to your Excellency.
Since mine of the 24th Ultimo I have not heard a Word from Mr Deane on the Subject of the Cayugas but I learn from a party of Oneidas & Tuscaroras now in Town that they are greatly alarmed and apprehensive of an Attack: but as the Oneidas & Tuscaroras now in Town have long since been suspected by us I rather think they are come to gain Intelligence than to give it—Their ostensible Business is to sollicit a Release of the Onondaga prisoners and a permission for the Remainder of the Onondagas to reside at Oneida & Tuscarora––To the former I have replied that the prisoners were your Excellency’s, and not at the Disposal of the Commissioners: that we did not believe they would be released: that if they were they would probably do as those released in 1777 had done, who immediately joined the Enemy: that as the Indians had some Women and Children of our’s in their possession it was probable some of theirs might be exchanged for them; that we would permit the onondagas to reside peaceably with the Oneidas and Tuscaroras if they submitted; asked pardon for the Offences they had committed and would give Security for their future good Behaviour—This passed between us Yesterday Morning—Last Night two of them called upon me and in a long private Conference they attempted to prove that the Indians had been friendly inclined: but that the English had filled them with Jealousies of the Americans and by giving large presents had induced them to commit Hostilities: that they percieved we were very much out of Humour with the Indians: that as they (meaning themselves) had always strove for peace, they would with my permission make one more Essay—I answered that we had already too often been deceived by their promises; that I never would send a Message to any of the hostile Tribes in future—They then asked if any should through them apply for a Reconciliation what we would do, whether we would make up the Matter? I replied that I could make no Answer to such a Question—That it would be Time to give one when such an Application was made. I am Dear Sir with the sincerest Affection & Esteem Your Excellency’s most obedient humble Servant
Ph: Schuyler


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Charles Scott, 12 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Scott, Charles

Sir
Head Qrs Middle Brook May 12th 1779

I received your favor of the 28th Ulto. I am sorry that it was not in your power to give timely notice to the Officers who were designed to aid you in the collection of the Troops—and well pleased with your detention of such others as you met with in the state, th’o not destined for the particular service in which you are engaged—The event was sudden and therefore the inconveniences which have occurred, unavoidable.
Col. John Gibson whose regiment is at fort pitt, & who is at present in Camp informs me, that the Levies from Hampshire & two other adjacent Counties, who agreeable to a promise of the state had made choice of his regiment, have, t⟨he⟩ whole of them as he expects by this Time got to that place—should this be the case or should they be on their march there I would not have you recall them—but if you have taken such steps with respect to those as may lead you to believe that they are preparing to join you, or have already done so, I would have them continue with you—All the old Men meaning the reinlisted ones that you may meet with, who went on furlough I would have you by all means retain, as they may prove very serviceable, by being intermixed with those who have not seen service—I do not expect at the time when this reaches you, that there will be many such left in the state—but whatever the number may be, I must desire you will transmit to Genl Woodford a return of them specifieng their names Regts & Companys to which they belong, that their Officers may be able to account for them & distinguish deserters.
G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Charles Scott, 12 May 1779
From: Scott, Charles
To: Washington, George

Sir
Williamsburg [Va.] May 12th 1779

I have the unhappiness to inform You that the enemy have at last called on this State and found it almost totally unprepard to receive them, immediatly on their arival the fort at portsmouth was Evacuated with the loss of all the Military Stors there, there are now at Suffolk Smithfield &c. Vast Quantitys of public stors much exposd, this togather with the earnest Request of the Assembly which Your Excy has Inclosd has led me to Suppose it was proper for me to order down the New Leavys that are Colected at Fredricksburg & Alexa. and cannot march on to camp for want of Cloths for some time, I cannot but know that this is contrary to Your Excellencys Instructions to me, But as Circumstances Has so turnd up that I cannot march the Troops out of the State immediately, I thought It Best to imploy them this way and Hope it will meat Your Excys approbation. I am Your Excellencys Obt Servant
Chs Scott


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Smallwood, 12 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Smallwood, William

        Dear sir.
Head Quarters Middlebrook 12th May 1779.

Captain Spyker has this morning sent in his resignation, accompanied with your certificate of his merits. I am sorry to find by this, that there are a number of officers in your brigade whose situation you suppose may lead to a similar conduct.
I had conceived hopes that an evil so destructive to the service, would have been stoped, by the half-pay establishment which Maryland has given, and in her disposition to lessen the expences of her officers. I flattered myself also, that those sentiments which have hitherto kept them in the army would make them desirous of finishing the war with their companions.
At a moment when so much is at stake; in the event of which no one is less concerned than his neighbour, I would trust in a continuance of that virtue by which the army has been so uniformly held distinguished. The public has already given proofs that it will not be neglected, and my endeavours shall not be wanting to promote its further good intentions in its favor.
I need not request your offices where it is a duty or, when you are applied to on the subject of resigning, to remind the officers that the commencement of a campaign is an awkward time to leave the service, and their associates, who must struggle for those advantages which we all expect to enjoy in common.


Title: To George Washington from Major General John Sullivan, 12 May 1779
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Millstone [N.J.] May 12 1779

I find by a Letter Reced from Colo. Courtlandt that Shirts & other articles of Cloathing are wanting for his Regiment Spensers are almost naked If your Excy would please to order the Cloathier to Send Some Shoes Shirts & other articles of Cloathing to Easton, to Deal out to the Troops it will be of Singular advantage—I have Seen the Commissary & think matters in his Department are promising & I Doubt not Every thing will be prepared by the time I mentioned I again beg Leave to remind Your Excy of ordering the Troops to be at Easton at all Events on the 20th & also to notify the officers to furnish themselves with Fusees—Ogdens Regt would have marchd This Day but the Rain prevents I have the Honor to be with the most Lively Sentiments of Esteem yr Excys most obedt Servt
Jno. Sullivan


Title: From George Washington to John Augustine Washington, 12 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Washington, John Augustine

Dear Brother,
Middlebrook May 12th 1779.

Three of your Letters are before me, and I believe unacknowledged, the first is of decr 12th—the 2d March 31st (by Mr Muse)—& the other of the 19th Ulto by Coll Bull, who I find by the address of your Letter is a General, & must be of the self created Order.
The Good news which it is said Congress were possessed of, soon evaporated, and went off like smoak—such as did come to the public, transpired in so unauthenticated a manner that the people were disappointed, and soon got dissatisfied consequently put unfavourable constructions upon the proceedings of that body which operated injuriously to the common cause—for instead of having good, ⟨it⟩ produced bad effects (after a few days) upon the credit of our money, & prices of Goods, owing to the artful misrepresentations of our enemys; who insinuated that there was no truth in the reports, but that the whole was a device to answer temporary purposes. It was impolitic therefore in Congress to suggest the idea of their having something great & good unless they meant to communicate it—still more impolitic was it for individual members to detail matters to the public without stamping them with the authority of their body; because in times like these, when the enemy depend more upon their arts than their arms, the most circumspect conduct becomes indispensably necessary; as well in bodies of men as individuals.
In your Letter of the 19th ulto you propound many questions for solution—little leisure as I have for discussing political subjects want of time is not my principal objection against entering upon some of the questions—the uncertainty of the conveyance, and the avidity with which the enemy endeavor to come at, & publish the Sentiments of Men in Office, makes it very necessary for them to be very cautious in what they write & trust to so uncertain a conveyance as the Post. I have no scruple however in giving it to you clearly as my opinion, that the enemy will strain every nerve to push the War with vigor this Campaign—By accts from England as late as March it appears evident that Seven Regiments besides two of the new raised scotch Corps recruits for the Guards, & for other Regiments now in america were on the point of embarking—the whole it is said would amt to 12 or 13000 Men; but whether they will go to the West Indies, Georgia, or New York or in part to all, remains to be determined—my own opinion of the matter is, that they will Garrison New York & Rhode Isld strongly, & push their successes to the Southward vigorously—In this I possibly may be mistaken, but sure I am that the depreciated state of our Currency, and the unhappy train in which our affairs are, have induced the Ministry to try the event of another campaign; in which they will exert all their cunning & the force of the Kingdom, if they can by any possible means keep Spain from taking an active part with France—I have as little scruple in giving it to you further as my opinion, that at no period since the commencement of the War have the united states stood so much in need of an able representation as at this critical juncture. little does it avail for the states respectively to be framing laws, & regulating their own internal police by the abilities of their first statesmen, while the great political machine which is the support, & must give energy to the whole, is defective—This is no time for slumbering & sleeping; nor to dispute upon trifles, when our Battalions are to fill—supplies to provide. & ruined finances to recover & at a crisis when G. Britain is ready to pour forth her utmost vengeance—By a Bill which has passed both Houses of Parliament every parish in the Kingdom is called upon to furnish two Men—these it is said will be immediately had, & will amount in the whole to 27.000 recruits for their army—In aid of these, all the Indians from the extremest North to the South, are bribed to cut our throats, & have already begun the work of devastation in most places on our frontiers. We, on the other hand, have been dreaming of Peace and Independance, and striving to enrich ourselves on the spoils & ruin of our Country, by preying upon the very vitals of it. In a word, our conduct has been the very reverse of the enemy’s, for while they were doing every thing to prepare vigorously for the Campaign now opening, we were doing nothing—nay, worse than nothing—but considering how cautious I intended to be, I have said more than enough; & shall add no more on this head—but lament, which I do most pathetically that decay of public virtue with which people were inspired at the beginning of this contest. Speculation—peculation—with all their concomitants, have taken such deep root in almost every Soil, that little else but money making is attended to—the great business may get forward as it can. No effectual measures have been taken except in Virginia, to compleat the Continental Battalions—the work is but now beginning in most other States, and upon such a plan as to promise very little success; when the Men ought to be in the field. In a word, such a stupor seems to pervade our whole system, & has siezed upon every State, that it is melancholy to think of.
I am very apprehensive for the fate of Charles town—a detachment of between 3 & 4000 Men left New York the 5th Instt intended, as is conjectured, to reinforce the enemy in Georgia—this will leave them abt 8 or 9000 strong at New York and abt 5000 at Rhode Isld which they can unite in a few hours at any time. I have ordered all the Virginia levies to Georgia under the command of Genl Scott. they are to be formed into Regiments, & Officers go from the Troops of that State, in this Camp, to command them. It is much to be feared that this aid will prove very inadequate without vigorous measures are adopted by Virginia & No. Carolina to assist their Sister State. let them bear in mind how much better it is to oppose the enemy at a distance than at their own homes.
We have, and still do flatter ourselves, with an acknowledgment of our Independance by Spain; and that she will take an active part against G. Britain. Should an event of this kind take place, it would, I should hope, give a decisive turn to our affairs—but as my imagination is not sufficiently fertile to suggest a good reason for the delay, I am inclined to think that the Ministry hath hit upon some device to keep Spain amused while she tries the issue of another Campaign; if not with a view of conquest—to obtain better terms. This campaign is certainly big of events; & requires all our exertions—wisdom—fortitude—& virtue.
I have the pleasure to inform you that we have given the Onondago Indians (a tribe of the Six Nations) a pretty severe stroke lately. a party of 500 Continental Troops marched from the Mohawk River (above Albany) the latter end of april and destroyed their whole settlement. with the provisions & stores they had got together there—killed 12 of them, & all their horses & Cattle, they could find. took 34 Prisoners, and 100 stand of arms—& returned without the loss of a Man.
In one of your Letters you speak of being importuned to represent the County you live in. I wish you would do it—believe me the time is come when every Man must put his shoulder to the wheel or I am convinced it will stick. The depreciation of our money, is alarming beyond measure. something must be done, and effectually done, to give it more value. the cure must be radical. temporary expedients are destructive for they are not only inadequate to the end, but are arrows in the hands of the enemy to wound us with, as they are sure to recoil. Taxation and emission ought to have gone hand in hand; but unfortunately, & impoliticly the latter was with-held while the other poured forth like an unremitting torrent.
I am glad to hear that my Sister is better of her Rheumatic complaint and that the rest of your family are well my love in which Mrs Washington (who is yet with me) joins attend you all & I am with much sincerety & truth Dr Sir Yr Most Affecte Brothr
Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 13 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Thursday May 13th 1779.
Parole Acapulco—C. Signs Abo Avon—

Accurate returns of Arms, Ammunition & Accoutrements good, bad and wanting to be sent in to the Orderly-Office tomorrow morning 11 ôclock both by regiments & brigades, the former signed by the commanding officers of regiments and the latter by the officers commanding brigades: The causes of any deficiencies which have happened since the men were last completed up to forty rounds each, are carefully to be noted in the regimental returns.
The number of cartridge boxes of the new construction now on hand, in the several regiments, are likewise to be certified.
Major Cabbel is appointed Brigade Major and Inspector to General Muhlenberg’s brigade & Major Croghan to General Woodford’s; They are to be obeyed and respected accordingly.
At the General Court Martial of the line whereof Colonel Gunby is President May 5th 1779—John Reily of the 7th Maryland regiment was tried for “Desertion changing his clothes and selling his Arms and Accoutrements” found guilty of desertion & changing his clothes in violation of the 1st Article 6th Section of the Articles of War & sentenc’d to receive one hundred lashes.
Likewise Charles Miller, Charles Harcourt & Jacob Baker of the 2nd Pennsylvania regiment were tried for “Desertion and attempting to go to the enemy” found guilty of a breach of the Article aforesaid & sentenced to receive one hundred lashes each.
At the same Court on the 8th instant the following soldiers were tried for “Desertion” (viz.) John Munroe, Lawrence Murray, Richard Matthews Michael McDonald, Thomas Dormans William English & John Minn of the Maryland line, found guilty of a breach of the aforesaid Article and sentenced to receive one hundred lashes each.
The Commander in Chief confirms the forementioned sentences and orders them to be put in execution at the heads of their respective regiments.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Benjamin Ford, 13 May 1779
From: Ford, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Shrewsbury [N.J.] May 13th 1779

Capt. Maxfield late Commander of the Brig Isaac, who sail’d from Charles Town south Carolina on the 29th April loaded with rice for the use of the states & bound to Boston taken the 8th instant by a privateer from New York, was set on shore at this post, Yesterday with two passengers, he informs me that the people were in high spirits in Charles Town, Genl Lincoln lay at purisburgh on the Savannah River the Enemy lay on the Opposite side of the same river, that Genl Lincoln had been lately reinforced by Polaskis Legion & some Troops from North Carolina, The British Army were very Sickly and deserted very fast, that they were in great want of Bread and the Whole of the Indians had left them in consequence of Diversion made in their Country by a party of ours, Governor Rutledge was at Orangeburgh with 2,000 S. Carolina Militia, and it was the General Opinion in Charles Town that the Enemy wou’d retire to the Town of Savannah Capt. Maxfield informs me also that he saw on the 8th instant 18 Sail of Square Rigged—from the place where he saw them & the Course they Stood he was induced to believe they were bound for the West Indias—Capt. Thompson of the Schooner Liberty from Martha’s Vineyard the 5th instant bound to Cape Francois with Fish & Oil taken by the same privateer the 6th instant saw the same fleet on the 7th steering towards the West Indias—Both those Gentlemen were at a great Distance from the fleet therefore could not with Precision ascertain their Number of Sail.
I have been informed that a fleet arrived at New York on Monday Night last, their Number said to be thirty sail but from whence or what they had on board I have never been able to hear, it was so thick at Sea that they could not be discovered by our Troops from Black Point.
I have inclosed your Excellency a British paper of the 26th of Febeury containing some Debates in parliament also a South Carolina paper of the 21st April a New York paper of the 8th of May. I have the Honor to be with the Greatest Esteem & Respect Your Excellency’s most Obt & Very Hble Servant
Benjamin Ford Lt Col.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Henry Knox, 13 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Knox, Henry

        Dr Sir.
Head Quarters Middlebrook 13th May 1779.

I inclose you a petition from Robinson who is under sentence of death for your consideration. If you concieve from his present disposition, or past conduct—any hopes of his becoming a useful soldier, you have my permission to suspend his punishment—But if you imagine it indispensibly necessary to make an example you will have his sentence put into execution.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Henry Knox, 13 May 1779
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir,
Artillery Park [Pluckemin, N.J.] 13th May 1779

In obedience to your Excellency’s request, I have fully considered the subjects of the respective letters which you enclosed to me yesterday.
Colonel Flower’s exorbitant claim to be a Colonel of Artillery, or Artillery Artificers, with the rank of Colonel of Artillery from an early date in 1777, is, in my opinion, totally repugnant to every military principle and decisively inadmissible. In his letter to your Excellency he is pleased to refer to me for information. It is my utmost wish to do justice to every person with whom I am connected, therefore it gives me pain not to be able to recollect the circumstances, for the proofs of which he alludes to me; and I am obliged unreservedly to declare, That I never remember to have heard or seen the letter of General Mercer recommending him to be a Colonel of Artillery—nor did I before ever hear of Gen. Mercer giving him the command of any artillery at Princeton. A Capt. Neal commanded General Mercer’s artillery, behaved admirably well, and was killed. Had Gen. Mercer given the command to any other person while an Artillery-Officer was left alive he would have done an unwarrantable act.
When Col. Flower was appointed to be Commissary General of Military Stores, at Morris Town in January 1777, he assured me that he had held the rank of Lt Colonel with his appointment of Commissary of Military Stores in the flying camp, but, by his commission enclosed to your Excellency dated July 1776, this does not appear. I took his word for the truth of his assertion, and this, together with the necessity of his having a command over the artificers, was the reason why he had the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the commission which he received at Morris Town. I well remember your Excellency made some objection to the word Commissary “General”, but upon Col. Flower insisting on the term it was inserted. He also requested the rank of Colonel which you absolutely refused.
I do not recollect that I ever mentioned to him any thing about artillery rank, and I have two very strong circumstances to induce me to believe I never did—first, a very great caution which I always observed in matters of rank, lest it should injure the officers of the corps under my command in the field—2dly, Had I mentioned, or conceeded, to Col. Flower the matter of artillery rank, he had too great an avidity for it not to have insisted on its being inserted in his commission at that time. He mentions his having applied to the Board of War for a commission of Colonel of Artillery in Nov. 1777, but he never received any encouragement from me on the subject. And I would observe that, although it was necessary he should have the command and direction of the companies of artificers at Philadelphia and Carlisle, the first that I ever heard of their being formed into a regiment of artillery artificers was some words which were inserted in the regulations of Congress for the ordnance department, at York Town 11 Feby 1778. The artificers at Springfield were not considered under his command.
I have been particular in this case that your Excellency might have the circumstances fully before you. If Congress should choose to raise and organize a regiment of artillery artificers no person can object to its being given to Col. Flower—his merit, industry, activity, and experience fully entitle him to it. But I should, as far as in me lay, in my own name and in the name of the corps which I have the honor to command, protest against any person who is out of the line of the Artillery receiving any rank in it. Indeed, Congress themselves have declared that no more brevet commissions shall be issued, except to persons in the line, or in cases of eminent services. To introduce a person in the artillery, at this period, so high in rank as Lt Col. Flower claims to be, after the convulsions which the Corps have experienced in the matter of rank, would in my opinion nearly occasion its dissolution.
I think Corens Company of Artillery, or any other Company of Artillery which may be stationed at the laboratory, ought to be under the command of Col. Flower in all matters of duty. Your Excellency may remember in some proposals I made it was intended to annex Coren’s, Lee’s, Jones’s, and Porter’s companies, all raised in Pennsylvania, to Procter’s battalion, which would make it complete in its number of companies.
I know not the case, or nature of the disputes of rank in Procter’s battalion, except Maj. Forrest’s, not having received any papers respecting them. I have only some claims of rank of Coren’s officers. The others I believe are at Head Quarters, as I heard either Col. Meade or Doctr McHenry mention something concerning them a few days ago.
The principle upon which Major Forrest claims rank cannot be allowed, as the principle adopted in the line of each State is supposed to have its operation in the line of the Artillery; vizt To rise regimentally as far as captains inclusively, and to field officers in the line of the Corps. This principle has been received and understood by the officers in general. To adopt a different one now, because there happens to be a vacancy, and to please some officers of the battalion in which it falls, would occasion vast uneasiness and many resignations. Major Holmer is clearly the oldest Major. I wish I could add that his knowledge of his profession, and his activity were such as that I could, consistent with that duty which I owe my country and my conscience, recommend him to fill the vacancy—but I am sorry this is not the case. Major Forrest is next in rank—Your Excellency knows his zeal and activity—I think he is a proper subject for promotion. But should he be promoted care must be taken to distinguish the principle which influenced it, or the oldest Captain of that battalion will expect the Majority; and, as he is by no means the oldest Captain in the Corps, he will not be entitled to it on the received opinion of the principle of promotion.
If the papers containing the claims of Procter’s officers are at Head Quarters, their relative rank to each other in the battalion, can be determined by any board of Field or General Officers which may be ordered. But the relative rank of the captains, with respect to those of the Corps in general, cannot be determined fully until that Battalion should join the Main Army.
With respect to the standards of regiments, mentioned in Mr Peters’s letter, I think two would be sufficient; a continental, and a regimental or State. As I understand the ground of the uniform of each State will be the same, the standards of the State ought to be one ground; the standard of each regiment to be distinguished by its number, and such other emblems as shall be pointed out. These might be agreed on immediately, but I should suppose the execution ought to be defered until the Troops were uniformed.
Mr Peters also mentions some difficulties in granting partial supplies of stores. It would be highly proper that there should be only one medium of supply—partial supplies ought to be entirely avoided. When a regiment wants any articles, a return ought to be made, signed by the Colonel and countersigned by the Brigadier or officer commanding the brigade. This to be sent to the Commanding Officer of Artillery in camp, who will order the Commissary of Stores to deliver the articles wanted, if in camp; if not, that the demand shall be supplied out of the next stores that may arrive: a similar mode to be observed with any detatched parts of the Army. All applications, except in cases of exigence, being to be made to the Board of War, they will have it in their power to regulate and proportion the stores to the different parts of the Army according as they may judge expedient.
I have perused your Excellency’s letter to the Council of Massachusetts Bay, respecting some heavy cannon at Boston being brought forward to the posts in the highlands on Hudson’s River. With submission to your Excellency, I think the speediest method to have them transported to the place proposed would be for your Excellency to direct Gen. Heath, upon his receiving the Council’s permission, to order the Quarter Master at Boston to procure proper teams to transport them, to appoint an Agent to obtain such assistance as might in the Quarter Master’s department be wanted on the way, and to put them under the care of Mr Barber, the Commissary of Artillery at Boston, or some other careful person, who will take receipts for and have them delivered at the forts in the highlands. Gen. Heath, being on the spot and acquainted with all the contingent circumstances, will much better and more speedily effect the matter than my order and direction to Mr Commissary Barber at Boston. If your Excellency should not approve this mode, I will pursue any other you shall please to direct. I have the honor to be with the highest respect Your Excellencys most Obedient Servant
H. Knox


Title: To George Washington from Major General Alexander McDougall, 13 May 1779
From: McDougall, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Sir
Head-Quarters Pecks-Kill [N.Y.] May 13th 1779.

I was honored in due time, with your Excellencys favor of the 8th Instant. Before the receipt of this, Colo. Cilleys Regiment embarked for New-Windsor, and was from thence, to take the Route of Sussex Court House, which I was informed, is the shortest distance to East-Town. I have not the most distant Idea, of General Clintons sailing, in the Fleet you mention. However, a few Days will determine that matter. Mr —— is gone down with the Flag, on the Subject intended in former Letters; and other coincident purposes. When he returns, I shall instantly communicate the result. I have the honor to be Your Excellencys Most Humble Servant
Alexr McDougall


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General John Nixon, 13 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Nixon, John

Dear sir
Head Qrs Middle Brook May 13: 1779

A few days ago I received Your favor of the 3d Instant.
It has ever been my wish—and it still is—that All the Officers of the Army should be upon the same footing—and as far as matters have depended upon me—there has been no discrimination in benefits of any kind. I should have been happy if the public Stores had been in circumstances to supply the wants of all the Officers upon the most moderate terms—and as far as my endeavours could promote it—they have not been wanting; but they are not that I know of—and I have not given a single order similar to the One you request. I have heard, it is true, that some Officers have been furnished with cloathing both from public and private Stores on the terms you mention; but this preference did not proceed from me in either case. In the instance of the public stores—it was my desire that all Articles of supply in the hands of the several Agents should have been collected to a point—and undergone a general and equal distribution; but this scheme has been deranged. And, with respect to private ones I never supposed that I could authorise the obtaining supplies from them. It has been my hope & it still is—that some regular channel will be established—either by the States unitedly or Individually to furnish the Officers with necessaries at reasonable prices. to which end my exertions have been employed, but I cannot direct relief in any Case, not founded on a plan of general equality.
I received a Letter from Lt Gibeon Hooker of the 4 Massachusetts—dated Boston the 1st of April—by which he solicits a resignation on account of ill health. I shall not refuse it—when he sends his Commission and proper Certificates from the Commanding Officer of his Regiment that he is not in debted to the public. You will be pleased to write to him upon the occasion. I am Dr sir with great regard Yr Most Obed. sert
Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Richard Parker, 13 May 1779
From: Parker, Richard
To: Washington, George

Sir
Head of Elk [Md.] May 13th 1779

I have inclosed you a Letter from Governor Johnston to Mr Hollings Worth D. Quarter Master General at this place informing him of a Number of the Enemies Vessels being in the Bay. The officers who set out from Camp to Virginia embarked & set sail from this place last night with a fair wind down the Bay I wish they may not fall in with them as the Bay had been clear in the morning and no danger expected however it is too late to take any precaution against what I fear may happen and therefore must trust to chance. I am Yr Excellencys Most Obdt Sert
Rd Parker


Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 13 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.

        Letter not found: to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 13 May 1779. Robert Hanson Harrison docketed Trumbull’s letter to GW of 27 April as “recd 8 May[,] ansd—13.”


Title: From George Washington to the Virginia Delegates, 13 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Virginia Delegates

Gentlemen
Head Qrs [Middlebrook] May 13: 1779

I have been honoured with Your favor of the 6th Instant, inclosing a Letter of the 29th Ulto—and a Copy of a Memorial from Colonel Spotswood to Congress, and requesting my advice upon the subject of introducing him into the Army again & appointing him a Brigadier.
As you have been pleased to ask my Opinion upon the occasion, I shall give it with freedom and candor. I cannot advise the measure. I am certain it would be considered as an Act of injustice by the Army at large and particularly so by the Virginia line. The least injurious effects that I can possibly conceive would follow, would be the Resignations of sundry Officers in the latter; but there is every reason to believe, though these of themselves would be very distressing, that the mischiefs would be infinitely more extensive. The Officers in general suppose that they have been but too often affected by irregular appointments—and they are not in a temper now to acquiesce in what they would view as an injury to their essential rights. Colonel Spotswood a day or two after the Action of German Town made an actual surrender of his Commission to me, according to the then prevailing mode of resignation. This was accepted—and sundry arrangements and promotion⟨s⟩ took place in consequence. No reasoning after this would satisfy the Officers—if he were to be reintroduced and therefore a minute examination of the grounds which led to his resignation is unnecessary. However I cannot but observe, that the case to which he alludes as having been decided against him—was determined by a Board of General Officers upon a full hearing—and as far as I could judge, agreable to equity and the principle which had generally if not universally governed in similar cases. Nor can the expedient of employing him as a Brigadier with the Virginia Levies destined for southern service, better the case. The injury to the Officers would originate in his appointment—and would not depend or be redressed either by a temporary or local command. But if it were possible that either of these circumstances could palliate the injury to the Officers here—and quiet them for a moment; yet his going to the Southward would not be easily submitted to if submitted to at all, by the Officers detached on that service—or by the Officers of the Southern Army, because the injury to them would be immediate. We have been distracted and almost torn to pieces by irregular promotions and disputes about rank from time to time—and I trust there will be no fresh causes of disgust added. The complaints on these heads, which yet remain are but too many for the public interest. Besides these several reasons, it might be added that the state of the Virginia Troops, supposing the full number of Levies to be made up—an event however by no means to be expected, would not require a Brigadier in addition to their present number—and the proposed command would leave the other Virginia Brigadiers but little more than mere Cyphers. These matters I have thought it my duty to mention from a regard to the rights of the Officers in general—to the tranquility of the Army—and the consequent promotion of the public service. And, abstracted from these considerations, from the friendship I have for Colo. Spotswood and the opinion I entertain of him as a Soldier, I should be happy to see him again in the Military line. I have the Honor &c.
G: Washington
P.S. I return the papers you were pleased to send me.


Title: General Orders, 14 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Friday May 14th 1779.
Parole Van-Schaick—C. Signs Willet Van-Dyck—

At a General Court Martial held at Reading March 26th 1779, Brigadier General Huntington President—Lieutenant Colonel Mason, Director of the Laboratory &c. at Springfield was tried (in consequence of a report of a Committee of the Council of Massachusett’s Bay) for “Taking in a variety of instances continental stores and property and converting them to his own use, and for frequently giving orders to his officers to receive from the public works and stores utensils of various sorts for their private family use, and also for making use of continental fire-wood for three fires in unlimited quantity.”
The Court fully examined the affidavits upon which the report of the Committee of Council of Massachusett’s-Bay was grounded and heard such other evidence as Esquire Ely and Mr Williston produced in behalf of the Complainants and also heard and examined Coll Mason’s evidence and defence, find that some facts alledged in the several charges against Lieutenant Col. Mason are proved by the evidence produced, & are literally true, but are of opinion they do not amount to any criminality or embezzlement of public property; the articles being of no great value and having been received in such manner, and from such persons as will render him responsible upon the settlement of their accounts.
At the same Court Martial March 29th 1779—Lieutenant Colonel Smith, Deputy Quarter Master General for the district of Springfield arrested on report of the Committee of Council of Massachusett’s Bay was tried upon the following charges.
“That he supplies Captain Pyncheon’s house and family with their necessary firewood amounting sometimes to three fires, in unlimited quantity, from the public stores, and has laid out large sums of public money to build boats, and without order has established a continental ferry across Connecticutt-River where the country ferry has been for ages established, and inlisted a number of men for the term of one year with Continental Pay and rations, at great expence, while the country ferry-man offered to supply the Continental Ferry to acceptance and dispatch for the sum of two hundred pounds pr year.”
Upon hearing and examining the affidavits, evidence and defence, the Court find, That Colonel Smith built three scows & a batteau at Springfield by order of General Greene, Quarter-Master General and that he man’d the same according to his own discretion, and that his proceedings therein were approved by General Greene.

The Court are of opinion that as Colonel Smith boarded and did part of his public business in Captn Pyncheon’s house it might be necessary for him to supply three fires therein; Therefore the Court do acquit Lieutenant Colonel Smith of the charges exhibited against him.
Lieutt Coll Mason and Lieut. Coll Smith are releas’d from arrest.
At a General Court-Martial of the line whereof Coll Gunby is President, Lieutenant Triplett of the 2nd Virginia State regiment was tried for, “Ungentlemanlike behaviour in drinking and carousing with the common soldiers.”
The Court after maturely considering the evidence for and against Lieutenant Triplett and his defence are of opinion he is not guilty of ungentlemanlike behaviour and carousing with the common soldiers, but are of opinion he is guilty of drinking with them, being a breach of the 5th Article of the 18th Section of the Articles of War and on consideration of a series of circumstances do only sentence him to be reprimanded by the commanding officer of his regiment in presence of the officers of the same.
Lieutenant Triplett’s conduct was highly unbecoming and would have justified a severer sentence.
At the same court May 4th 1779, Lieutenant Nicholson of the 1st North-Carolina regiment was tried for “Making out and repeatedly signing false returns in violation of Article 1st Section the 5th of the Articles of War.”
The Court are of opinion that Lieutenant Nicholson is guilty of signing false returns but are further of opinion that he is not guilty of willfully signing false returns and that he does not come under the 1st Article of the 5th Section of the Articles of War: In consequence of Lieutenant Nicholson’s neglect and inattention do sentence him to be reprimanded by the commanding officer of the regiment in presence of the officers of the same.
The General confirms the sentence.
At the same Court May 5th 1779, Samuel Fleming Forage Master was tried for “Neglect of duty in not furnishing the public horses with forage sufficient & disobedience of orders in positively refusing to look out for any more forage, by which neglect and disobedience the horses are rendered unfit for service.”
The Court are of opinion Samuel Fleming Forage Master is not guilty of the whole charge but that he is guilty of disobeying Colonel Clarks orders of the 15th of April last being a breach of the latter part of the 5th Article of the 2nd Section of the Articles of War and sentence him to be dismissed from the service.
The General approves the sentence and directs it to be executed.

At the same Court May 8th 1779, John Hubert a soldier in the 2nd Virginia regiment was tried for “Desertion” found guilty and sentenced to receive one hundred lashes & to make up the time he has lost agreeable to a resolve of Congress and an Act of the Legislative Authority of the State of Virginia.
Also Daniel Buckley a soldier in the 2nd Maryland regiment and Patrick Ivory a soldier in the 1st Maryland regiment were tried, the former for “Desertion” and the latter for, “Deserting from the Monmouth command”—found guilty of breaches of the 1st Article of the 6th Section of the Articles of War respectively and sentenced to receive one hundred lashes each.
Likewise Patrick Loury a soldier in the 6th Pennsylvania regiment was tried for “Disobedience of orders and Mutiny”—The Court are of opinion the Prisoner is not guilty of Mutiny but are of opinion he is guilty of disobedience of orders, being a breach of the latter part of the 5th Article of the 2nd Section of the Articles of War and in consequence of his receiving prompt punishment from Captn Valentine do sentence him only to receive fifty lashes and from the above circumstance of Captain Valentine’s punishing the Prisoner on the spot the Court recommend him to His Excellency’s Clemency.
At the same court May 10th, Robert Perry a soldier in the 2nd Virginia State regiment was tried for “Attempting to desert to the Enemy and persuading a number more to go with him.”
The Court after mature deliberation are of opinion that the Prisoner is guilty of both parts of the charge being breaches of the 1st & 4th Articles of the 6th Section of the Articles of War and sentence him to suffer death, (two thirds of the Court concuring therein).
Also John Chambers a soldier in the 3rd Maryland regiment was tried for “Desertion,” found guilty by his own confession and sentenced to receive fifty lashes; but from several alleviating circumstances the Court recommend him to His Excellency’s Clemency.
Likewise Neil Megonigle soldier in the 7th Pennsylvania regiment was tried for “deserting from his post.”
The Court are of opinion the Prisoner is not guilty of deserting from his post but are of opinion he is guilty of absenting himself without leave being a breach of the 2nd Article of the 6th Section of the Articles of War and sentence him to receive one hundred lashes.
The Commander in Chief confirms the aforegoing sentences but in compliance with the recommendation of the court remits the punishment ordered on Loury & Chambers.


Title: From George Washington to the Board of War, 14 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

Gentlemen
Head Qrs Middle Brook May 14th 1779

I have been honoured with Your Letters of the 7th & 10th Instant.
With respect to the matters submitted by the first—The Commissary General of Military Stores has certainly a right to direct in every thing relative to the execution of the public works, under his care—and every Officer stationed at the Laboratories is bound so far, to follow his directions. The rank of Lieut. Colonel which he now holds, entitles him to command in all respects over every Inferior Officer acting with him. Where there happens to be a Superior Officer this cannot be the case; neither do I see the necessity for him to regulate the duties merely Military. Su⟨ch⟩ Officer will always be responsible for preserving order and any breach he may commit or tolerate can be reported. I also think that the Officers of Artillery and Artillery Artificers should sit together on Courts Martial, for the reasons you have mentioned—and that the ⟨o⟩ldest Officer in either Corps, should take the command ⟨in⟩ all Regimental duties. It does not appear ⟨to⟩ me in the least essential, that Colonel Flowers should have any Other rank than he now has. His Commission as Commissary of Military Stores with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel is fully competent to every purpose. And, convulsed and torn to pieces as we have been—and as we yet are by disputes, founded on particular promotions & appointments—and a Thousand consequent resignations, I cannot advise that he should have any Other than the Commission he now possesses. I am satisfied it would not be submitted to—and that we should ⟨in⟩ consequence, have to establish almost a New Corps of Artillery Officers. I have a very favourable opinion of Colonel Flowers; but his present Commission is a very honourable one, and in the extremely critical situation of the Army, the most delicate regard must be had to the rights of the Officers. Indeed this should always be the case, but at this juncture from the prevailing disatisfaction, it is peculiarly necessary. Nor does it appear to me from the fullest inquiry and consideration I am capable of, that his claim to rank in the Artillery line, is well founded, supposing consequences of a political nature entirely out of the question. I shall write him upon the subject, as soon as I have an opportunity.
As the situation of affairs & the exigency of the service will not admit of the least delay, I transmit the Board a Return of the Officers in Colonel proctors Regiment, by which they will be pleased to issue them Commissions. The⟨ir⟩ relative rank as to themselves, I believe, sta⟨nds⟩ right—and I do not know that the arrangement is wrong with respect to Others. If it should be found so, it must be reformed when circumstances will permit. I would wish the Board to mention this to Colonel proctor—that it may be clearly understood. By the death of Lieut. Colonel Strobogh on the 2d of Decr a 2d Vacant Lieut. Colonelcy has happened in the Artillery line. Major Forrest is to be appointed in his place, not however from a principle of regimental succession, but on that of lineal succession, by which all appointments of field Officers are to be made, according to the rules of promotion now established in the Army—the practice in Corps similarly circumstanced, and the ideas which have prevailed for some time past in the Artillery. The promotion to Majorities is not of the oldest Captain in the Regiment where the vacancy happens—but of the oldest in the particular line under consideration. In the case of Capn Lieutenant Emes there appears to be an inconsistency, which I can’t reconcile. He is arranged the 8th and yet his appointment is dated 7 or 8 Months ⟨be⟩fore the rest. The Board will be pleased to ⟨ad⟩vert to the circumstance and obtain a ⟨sa⟩tisfactory explanation. I also inclose ⟨the⟩ Certificates in favor of Mr McGuire. persons in his predicament—may be appointed to Subaltern ranks by the Field Officers of the Regiments to which they belong, or at least on their recommendation; but this power should be exercised with great caution—and it would be well if in general cases the exercise of it were not to supersede Other Subalterns. I have experienced an infinite deal of trouble by like promotions—and in the present case—the Board probably will do well—to prevent it if they can—or at least the placing Mr McGuire at the point recommended. If it should not be agreeable to the Officers—it is likely all affected by it will leave the service. If he is introduced into the line—his Commission cannot bear date prior to the Certificates in his favor—nor can he be continued as paymaster afterwards without being elected by the Officers of the Regiment. The Certificates of the Two Field Officers will not do.
I will issue the order you request to prevent applications for supplies at philadelphia. The arrangement respecting Colours is not yet made. I have the Honor to be &c.
G.W.


Title: To George Washington from the Board of War, 14 May 1779
From: Board of War
To: Washington, George

Sir
War Office [Philadelphia] May 14. 1779

We have the Honour of enclosing you Copy of a Recomendation of the Honble Council of this State on the Subject of Lieut. Col. Hubley. Your Excellency will no Doubt think proper to make the necessary Enquiries into the Matter & on your Certificate the Board will order the Commission to be issued to the Officer entitled thereto. We have the Honour to be with great Respect Your very obed. Servt
Richard PetersBy Order


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Daniel Brodhead, 14 May 1779
From: Brodhead, Daniel
To: Washington, George

Dear Genl
Pitsburgh May 14th 1779

I am just now fitting out about one hundred & fifty men to escort a small quantity of Salt Provisions to Fort Laurens. Indeed I cannot conveniently send a larger party, as the Indians are at present very troublesome on the frontier of Westmoreland County. and a larger party would consume all the Salt Provisions on the March, for fresh I have none save a little Flour, to supply them with.
Inclosed is a Letter or Speech from the Delaware Chief at Coochocking & another from the Wyondat half King, also Copy of a Letter from the Revd Mr Hackenwelder. It appears that the Western Nations are not hostile at present as no mischief has been done down the River for some time past, except what may be done by the Shawnese about Kantucke & the Falls of ohio.
It is said Colo. Rawlins is on his March on this side old Town but I have not received a line in answer to two Letters I wrote him by express.
The Spies I sent to the Seneca Country are not yet returned. I sent two whiteman up the Alleghany to reconoitre the Indians supposed rendevous a little above Kittaning but they heard so much firing & saw so many Indian tracks they could not proceed to the place, And now two trusty Delawares have offered their Service to go & bring me the necessary information.
Captain Stokely informs me that an hundred Waggons with Salt Provisions were oblidged to unload at Bedford a few days ago for want of Forage to subsist the Horses.
I wish my frequent scrawls may not prove troublesome. I have the Honor to be with the most sincere regard & Esteem your Excellencies most obedt Humble Servt
Daniel Brodhead


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 14 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook May [14] 1779

I have duly received your favor of the 25 of April. I am extremely sorry to find that your prospects of reinforcements from the neighbouring states were so unpromising—indeed it is to be lamented that our general force is very unequal to the extensive demands upon it, and that there seem to be no adequate exertions making by the different States to remedy the deficiency. You Sir, who are well acquainted with what the situation of the army has always been and can no doubt form a just judgment of what it now is, will not think it extraordinary when I tell you, that at the time the order was given for holding Glover’s Brigade in readiness, there was an absolute necessity for drawing it away. The plans in contemplation formed in persuance of the directions of Congress and very important to the general interests required so considerable a detachment of force, that had the Enemy’s numbers in this quarter remained as they were, it could not have been afforded at the expence of this army without endangering the most unhappy consequences. You are too sensible of the importance of not exposing the main army and the Posts on the North river to any misfortune in our present circumstances, and how much better it will be to risk partial inconveniences elsewhere, to make any thing necessary on that subject. We have however lately received intelligence from New York of the sailing of troops from that Post—which enables me to suspend the order for marching Glovers Brigade—I hope every exertion will be made in the mean time by the neighbouring States to put it in your power to spa⟨re⟩ a part of your continental force without risk—as it is very doubtful in the progress of our operations how long it will be practicable to continue the whole with you. The inclosed copy of a resolve of the 7th will inform you that Congress have earnestly recommended it to the States of New Hampshire Massachusetts & Connecticut to furnish & keep up their quotas of the conventional Troops of July 77 for the defence of Rhode Island. I hope the recommendation may be attended with success.
The unfortunate extremity to which affairs to the Southward have been lately tending have obliged me to send all the Virginia new Levies and reinlisted men of the regiments here who were on furlough to that quarter. This is no small deduction from our force here & will proportionably embarrass our measures. I am Sir Your most Obet Servt
Go: Washington
P.S. With this you will receive the Commissions for the 1st & 2d Rhode Island regiments.


Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 14 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

Sir,
Head Quarters Middle Brook May 14th 1779

I have received the honor of your Excellency’s favor of the 10th with its several inclosures.
When the order was given to General Glovers Brigade to be held in readiness to march, the comparitive state of the Enemy’s force and ours, allowing for the troops to be detached on the Western expedition made it indispensible, without risking more important misfortunes in this quarter than could possibly have been hazarded by drawing that Brigade away. But the late detachment sent from New York materially alters the case and has enabled me to suspend the measure, which I have accordingly done—It is however uncertain in the progress of our operations how long it may be in my power to continue those Troops where they now are. This I have signified to the State and have taken occasion to urge the necessity of endeavouring to provide other means of defence. The necessity I am under of being guarded at some essential points often obliges me to weaken others where we are less vulnerable; and have only to apprehend partial evils. Till the general state of our force can be made more adequate to our necessities this will be unavoidable.
The deputies from the Delaware Nation arrived at Head Quarters two days ago. They presented me with a long memorial on various points, which they intend to present also to Congress. I was a little at a loss what answer to give and could have wished they had made their first application there. But as an answer could not be avoided—I thought it safest to couch it in general but friendly terms and refer them to Congress for a more particular one. Though there is reason to believe, they have not adhered very scrupulously to their pretended friendship—it appeared to me to be our present policy at least to conciliate; and in this spirit my answer was conceived. I hope I may not have deviated from the views of Congress. I send a copy of my answer. I have the honor to be with perfect respect & esteem Sir your most obet servant
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to William Livingston, 14 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, William

Dear sir
Head Qrs Middle Brook May 14: 1779

I have had the Honor of Your Excellency’s Two favors of the 8th & 10th Instant—and beg leave to return you my warmest thanks for the very polite and friendly manner, in which you received my observations upon the subject of raising the pay of the Militia.
I am now to inform Your Excellency that the public service has obliged me to march Colo. Ogdon’s Regiment from Elizabeth Town—On Monday another will follow—and in a day or two after—the third & last of the Brigade. I flatter myself the Militia will be assembled in time—to prevent any inconveniences from their departure. I have the Honor to be with sentiments of the most perfect &c.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Maxwell, 14 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Maxwell, William

        Dear Sir.
Head Quarters Middle Brook the May 14: 1779

I have received Your Letter of the 12th Instant. The third Regiment will march on Monday for this Camp, where the Commanding Officer will receive further Orders. The other Regiment of the Brigade will be held in readiness to move on the earliest notice. With respect to the Artillery, they will move either with the Regiment on Monday or with the Other as you may determine; but they are to join the park at Pluckimin. Foremans Corps is to proceed with the Brigade—and will march with the 3d Regiment or the One that will follow as you like best. I am Dr sir Yr Most Obedt sert
Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Maxwell, 14 May 1779
From: Maxwell, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
Elizth Town [N.J.] 14th May 1779 after sunset

I have been at New Ark to day and on my return finds that General Thomp⟨son⟩, Watterberry is arived, with some others; I have not seen them yet. The two Commissarys of Prisoners is also arived and waits for Coll Beaty I send this by way of Basking Ridge, at their request, to inform Mr Boudenot of their arival I have no news but what is inclosed in the Papers.
Coll Nealson is here and informs me Just now that he has got about 70 Militia and there was 18 more at New Ark this is all I know of the matter at present. I am Sir your Most Obedt Humble Servant
Wm Maxwell
N.B. Coll Nealson will expect your Orders when I march.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Alexander McDougall, 14 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

        Dr Sir.
Head Quarters Middlebrook 14th May 1779.

Upon receipt of this you will be pleased to give orders for the two remaining regiments of Poors brigade to march immediately to Easton, with the same quantity of amunition &[c.] allowed to the others. Previous however to their march they are to be paid up to the 1st of April, and to draw two pair of over-alls per man, exclusive of the deficiencies in their clothing.
As Colonel Cortlands regiment and Colonel Spencers will both want several articles which we have not at this place, nor in Philadelphia; you will also give an order on the Store for 1160 pair of over-alls, and 400 Shirts, and take measures for their transportation to Easton with the baggage of the regiments which are now to march. These things may be lodged with the quarter master or assistant clothier at Easton, where there will be directions sent for their delivery.
The troops will take the route of New-Windsor and Mohocamac; and lose no time either in the commencing, or prosecution of their march. They will receive their further instructions from Major General Sullivan. I am Dr Sir Your most obt and hble servt
Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Alexander McDougall, 14 May 1779
From: McDougall, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Sir
Head Quarters Pecks-Kill May 14th 1779

The Subject of this Address, will be confined to the Bay Line. On Receipt of your Excellency’s Letter, on that Head, I furnish’d a Copy of it to the commanding Officers of Brigades—The Committee of Field Officers from each, were instructed to report on the different Matters contained in the Columns of the Inclosure No. 1. in order to give a clear view of the Rights and Pretensions of all, the Field Officers and Senior Captains. But the Committee went so far, as to give the Proceedings the air of a Determination, which I did not intend: When they had finish’d I publish’d an order, a Copy of which I have the Honor to inclose.
The Objections made to the Arrangment of the Colonels, are only by Colonels Marshall and Bigelow—The first claims a Rank, which is not given him as Colonel of State Troops, doing Duty in Boston; under the late Resolve of Congress, on Report of General Officers at the Plains; but I think his Claim does not reach the Case—The Idea of the General Officers was to do justice to Officers of State Regiments who did Duty with the Army in the Field against the Enemy—Colonel Bigelow alledges, that Colonel Vose, with whom he disputes Rank, was not intitled to a Regiment, till General Patterson’s Promotion, which took place the 21st of February 1777—This is true; but what standing either of them was in, then, I am not warranted to assert.
No Objection has been made to the Order of Lieutenant Colonels.
Major Hull objects to that of the Majors, as appears by his Letter to the Commander in chief; but have not been furnish’d with his Claims, altho I have desired them to be sent here or to Head Quarters.
Captains Keith and Wiley, object to Captain Pettingill’s being placed before them, on the Ground of their Certificate herewith transmitted—and all the other senior Captains, are uneasy from a Report and apprehension, that the Council of the Bay, intend to promote Pettingill to the Majority of Wesson’s, which I fear will do Injury to the Service if it takes Place.
Brigade Major Harwood of Nixon’s stands high in the List of Captains, and is desirous of coming into the Line—Mr Bannister Major of Brigade to late Learned’s is not taken into the Line; and by the late Resolve of Congress, he must quit the Service unless he has his Rank in the Line. I fear this last Designation of Majors of Brigade, to be of the Line, will not opperate as favorable to the Service, as is expected—It will not here, for very few will undertake it.
In comparing the arrangment you were pleas’d to transmit me, with those lately brought in, from the several Regiments; I find Serjeants promoted, while Officers are returned, supernumerary—And several in the former, not in the latter; and others in these not in those. By officers being returned supernumerary; and others moved up to Vacancies, which were the Right of the former, and Promotions, Questions will arise, at what Time their Commissions should be dated—These Difficulties I conceive will retard the compleating the Commissions of many Officers of the Regiments, and will require some Rules which will apply to all—And Powers are necessary to determine Disputes on Points which I find cannot otherwise be settled, which induce me to detain the Arrangment till I have your further Orders. I have the Honor to be Your Excellency’s humble servant
Alexr McDougall
P.S. As the Troops at Providence, are not under my orders, I have inclosed the last Arrangments of those Corps.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Lachlan McIntosh, 14 May 1779
From: McIntosh, Lachlan
To: Washington, George

Sir.
Camp [Middlebrook] the 14th May 1779

Altho’ I despised the Slander I found so Industriously Spread upon the Road as I came down. I am too tenacious of my own Reputation. and the reflection it may Occasion upon your Excellencys Judgement in appointing an Improper Officer to a Department, to pass over what may tend to injure either hereafter, & committed to Record. The groundless Aspersions of Colo. George Morgan in the Course of Mister Steel’s Tryal in Fort Pitt. and Encouraged by the Success of that. his barefaced attempt now to arraign the Judgement, knowledge & Conduct of the Honle the Board of warr, the Late Commissioners, myself and others acting immediately under the Authority & direction of Congress, in a speech he framed himself and put into the Mouths of a few Delaware Chiefs, & Invited down by him for this purpose, altho by far the greater part of that Nation have broke through the most Solemn and Deliberate Treaty & Confederation lately Entered into, and are now in actual Warr against us, & do more Mischief than any other of the western Tribes. Obliges me, however short my time here may be, to request your Excellency that you will please to order an Examination into my Conduct Since I went to the westward, either by a Court of Inquiry or Court Martial as you think proper. And that Colo. John Gibson Mister Sample and any other Gentleman who were West of the Mountains in that time, may be detained for that purpose. I am with the greatest Respect Your Excellencys most obt Hble servt
Lachn McIntosh


Title: From George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 14 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

        D. Sir.
Head Quarters Middlebrook 14th May 1779.

I received your favor of the 7th instant in due time.
I wish the most effectual measures to be taken for filling up the regiments, but am sorry to find it your opinion that the Connecticut levies will be raised very slowly. I am now writing the governor, and shall take notice of the necessity of forwarding this business. The assembly were right in their construction of the resolution of Congress of the 15th of March; if by artificers is me[a]nt the corps of artillery artificers, all others being out of the discription.
There have been no steps taken during your absence, that should have excited apprehension for your future command. What has been done, arose naturally out of our intelligence; and to which the policy of securing a principal object evidently pointed. You may rest satisfied, that, in the arrangement for the campaign you will be properly attended to in your command, however it may have sustained a temporary reduction to answer the above purposes.
The misfortunes which have happened along the coast since withdrawing the guards are such as in our present circumstances we cannot prevent; if it is to be done by parties from the army. To cover a sea coast of 1500 miles from the enemys vessels; and our western frontiers of the same extent from Indian incursions, is impracticable; and yet I am called upon every hour to do it. The levies designed to fill up the quotas of the respective States, are raising but slowly if at all—Some of them are ordered on remote service—while at the same time large detachments are making from the main army to different parts—these things render it impossible to give that attention to the coast which we could wish, and at the same moment secure the main force from defeat or insult, and protect those posts which are of the last importance to the common safety and communication. Measures must therefore be taken by the several states for their defence, or the prevention of petty inroads of the enemy by proper guards from the Militia till our situation will permit us to give them assistance from the army. I am D. Sir &
G.W.


Title: General Orders, 15 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Saturday May 15th 1779.
Parole Hopkins—C. Signs Olney—Simpson—

The General Court Martial of the line whereof Coll Gunby is President is dissolved.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Benedict Arnold, 15 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Arnold, Benedict

Dear Sir,
Middle Brook May 15th 1779

I have received your favour of the 5th instant and read it with no small concern. I feel my situation truly delicate and embarrassing—on one side your anxiety, very natural in such circumstances—and the convenience of the army strongly urge me to bring the affair to a speedy conclusion—on the other, the pointed representations of the state on the subject of witnesses, and the impropriety of precipitating a trial so important in itself seem to leave me no choice. I beg you to be convinced that I do not indulge any sentiments unfavourable to you; while my duty obliges me and I am sure you wish me to avoid even the semblance of partiality—I cautiously suspend my judgment till the result of a full and fair trial shall determine the merits of the prosecution.
In the mean time I intreat you to realize the motives which impel me to delay, and the consequences of an appearance of precipitancy both to yourself and to me. I am told by a public body that the most important witnesses are at such a distance as to require considera⟨ble⟩ time to produce them—The charges are of a serious and interesting nature and demand the freest investigation. I could not answer it to the public were I not to allow the time deemed necessary for the purpose. The ⟨inter⟩pretation that might otherwise be given to my conduct needs no comment—an acquital, shou⟨ld⟩ that be the event of the trial, would in this case be no acquital. If you consider the relation in which you stand to the army, it will suggest an addition⟨al⟩ reason for not being hasty.
I have not yet received an answer from the Council respecting the alternati⟨ve⟩ mentioned in my last—I have since w[r]itten to the President, inclosing a letter for you, appointing the 1st of June which I reque⟨sted⟩ him to forward in case that period should not be thought too soon. It is my fixed intention, that the trial at the latest shall come on the first of July, and I shall endeavour to let it meet with no interruption from military operations⟨.⟩ I sincerely wish it may with propriety take place before—I write to the Council by this opportunity.
Believe my Dear Sir that I have no other object in view than to act in such a manner, as when all the circumstances of my conduct are known will convin⟨ce⟩ the world and yourself of my strict impartiality. I am Dr Sir Your most Obedt servant.