Title: From George Washington to Benjamin Lincoln, 9 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Lincoln, Benjamin

                            My dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 9th Jany 1781

                        I have had the pleasure of receiving your favor of the 25th of December. If prejudices will still prevail
                            against experience, the fatal effects of temporary inlistments must be endured to the risque, if not the ruin, of the
                            cause. The discontents and jealousies arising from this source have at length broke out in the Pennsylvania Line as you
                            will have been informed by General Knox before this reaches you. I have heard nothing particular from those infatuated
                            people since he left us.
                        The Cloathing department, as you observe, is upon the most vague and unsettled footing possible, at present.
                            The States depend upon the public, and the public upon the States; hence arise the miserable situation in which we find
                            ourselves at this moment. This Army has a bare supply of under cloathes and a prospect of about half enough Coats. The
                            southern Army, small as it is, is literally naked.
                        I have never had any official information of the quantity of Cloathing so long expected from France, but if
                            it should arrive between this and the Spring, and should come up to the quantity that I have spoken of, it would not be more
                            than sufficient for the Army that ought to be raised in this quarter: But, as the southern States have few or no resources
                            a considerable part of that cloathing must of necessity be sent there. This, was there no other reason, points out the
                            propriety of either the particular States or the Continent, availing themselves of the opportunity of procuring supplies
                            out of the quantities of Goods at Philadelphia and at the Eastward. General Knox is instructed particularly upon that head
                            in the application which he is to make to the Eastern States.
                        As the Recruits cannot possibly join the Army before they are cloathed, and as it will be attended with many
                            inconveniencies and difficulties to bring them on in small parties, You will be pleased to make Boston and Springfield the
                            general places of rendezvous. Those are already pointed out as places of deposit, and there will be magazines at them. The
                            state allowance of mileage, if in the new emission, is, I think, fully sufficient to bring the Men on, and therefore makes
                            the establishing magazines at Worcester and Litchfield unnecessary.
                        It will, I apprehend, be some time before any number of Officers will be wanted at Boston and Springfield.
                            You may, for the present appoint some of those who are at home upon Furlough to take care of the Recruits as they come in,
                            and I will desire General Heath to assign a particular number to relieve them and remain upon that duty. You may retain
                            some of the public Arms for the Recruits.
                        You will be pleased to inspect generally into military Affairs as eldest Officer in the State, without
                            considering yourself in a separate department. Should any particular matter occur, on which you do not think yourself
                            authorised to act or determine, you can make a particular application to me. I am with very sincere Regard My dear Sir
                            Your most obt & hble Servt

                            Go: Washington

                            P.S. I had made a promise to Colo. Shepherd, that he should if possible be employed in a duty near home
                                till the Spring. As he lives in the Neighbourhood of Springfield, you will be pleased to appoint him to superintend
                                the Recruits which rendezvous there.


Title: From George Washington to Israel Shreve, 9 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Shreve, Israel

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters — New Windsor 9th Jany 1781

                        I have just received your Letter of Yesterday; I am extremely sorry that the Proportion of Cloathing for the
                            Jersey Troops is not more ample, and of better quality. You must be sensible it is owing to the Misfortune of not
                            receiving the supply expected from France, and that unhappily for us the remainder of the Troops are not in a more
                            eligible situation — The States are now called upon in the most pointed Manner to remedy this evil as far as possible. And
                            I cannot but hope matters of Cloathing will soon be put on a better foundation. I am surprised that any of the Men of
                            Spencer’s Regt should be detained as Waiters, after orders being given to the contrary. I would have immediate &
                            effectual measures taken for recovering these Men to the service, by sending an Officer after them. And wish also that the
                            other Men who are absent from that Regt may be collected as early as the circumstances will permit.
                        You will make use of the proper means to have the Articles of Cloathing you Mention forwarded on. I am with great regard Sir.

                            G. Washington

                            P.S. I find by Your Letter, that you proposed going to Chatham. I hope you will not have set out before
                                this reaches you, because I think it of great consequence for you toconnectwith the remains of the Brigade, especially at such a Critical Moment as this is; if you have not
                                gone, you will not leave your Command at present.


Title: From George Washington to Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, Baron [von] Steuben, 9 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, Baron [von]

                            Dear Baron
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 9th Jany 1781

                        I have recd your favor of the 17th of last month. It is not to be wondered at that you found so great a waste
                            and derangement of public Stores after so general a call had been made upon the Militia, who were to be equipped from the
                            Magazines. I however have the pleasure of thinking that every possible exertion will be made by you to recover those which
                            had been delivered out.
                        The Officers of the Virginia State Regiments cannot be introduced into the Continental line with out creating
                            many difficulties and much uneasiness among the others. I had written to Governor Jefferson fully upon that subject in a
                            letter of the 28th Decr in which the matter was referred to me by the Legislature of Virginia. By the additional Regiment
                            I apprehend you mean the remainder of Gists and Graysons—By the late regulation the Officers of those Regiments are
                            reformed and the Men go into the line of the State.
                        I think your expedient of forming the Men of the 9th Regt into two full Companies and calling down the other
                            Officers a good one—perhaps if the Major of that Regiment is at Fort Pitt, it may be well to let him remain with the two
                            Companies, because it may be found necessary to increase the command to another Company if the Levies come in in sufficient
                            numbers to allow it. I have written to Colo. Bardhead commanding at Fort Pitt an directed him to follow your orders upon the subject, but lest my letter to him may be delayed, I enclosed an extract of that part of it signed by me, which you will forward when you write to him and Colo. Gubion.I have the pleasure to inform you that the Sub. and Brigade Inspectors are contented with the
                            addition made to their pay upon my representation to Congress.
                        I am sorry to inform you of a general mutiny in the Penna line—This defection took place on the night of the
                            1st inst. they marched off with their Arms and some Artillery, declaring their intention of going to Congress for a
                            redress of grievances, but they halted at princetown, where they made known their terms to Genl Wayne and Colo. Stewart
                            and Butler—They are so extravagant, that if admitted, it will end in the dissolution of the line. The enemy have been
                            endeavouring to tamper with them, but I know not with what success—they still remained at princetown the 8th which was the
                            last time I heard from them. The troops here shew no symptoms of the same disposition, but whether they would act agt the
                            mutiniers is a matter of some doubt. This is a most unhappy affair, the end of which cannot be foreseen. I am with great
                            Esteem Dear Baron Yr most obt Servt

                            P.S. A very favorable symptom has appeared in the Pennsylvanians. Sir Henry Clinton sent out an
                                emissary to them with most liberal offers—promising at the same time to advance with a Body of troops to cover them.
                                As soon as this emissary arrived at Princetown the leaders of the Mutiny delivered him, his guide and his papers to
                                Genl Wayne—I am in hopes from this circumstance that matters will be compromised.


Title: To George Washington from John Sullivan, 9 January 1781
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            Trenton Jany the 9th 1781

                        I have the Honor to Inclose Your Excy by Directions of the Committee a Copy of a Letter from Govr Read with
                            Copy of the proposals made by the Committee to the Mutineers of the Pensylvania Line by which first it appears that they
                            are Determined to Accept of the Terms offered & we flatter ourselves That this unhappy Dispute will Soon be
                            brought to a favorable Issue. I have the Honor to be most Respectfully Yr Excys most obedt Servt

                            Jno. Sullivan

                     Enclosure

                                In Committee of Congress
                                Trenton Jany 8. 1781

                            Resolved That all Soldiers who have voluntarily enlisted for the War or have received the hundred Dollars
                                Bounty ordered by Congress shall be held during the War and entitled to receive the same Bounty as the New Recruits
                                from the respective States only deducting therefrom the hundred Dollars at the real Value when received; But as it may
                                so happen that Some Soldiers may be detained in the Service who have received the hundred Dollars contrary to their
                                Inclinations all such who can make it clearly appear to Persons appointed for that Purpose as herein aftermentioned
                                that they have been so detained shall be immediately discharged.
                            Resolved That all Soldiers who are now held by Inlistments expressing the Term of Service to be for three
                                Years or during the War and have not voluntarily reinlisted and received the hundred Dollars bounty shall be
                                immediately discharged.
                            The Committee trusting in the Sincerity and Attachment of the Pennsylvania Line to the american Cause and
                                (notwithstanding the unwarrantable Steps they have taken) from the Moderation and Conduct in the Discipline and good
                                order they have observed and being convinced that their Assembly was for the Redress of Grievances have further
                                noticed that on producing Lists regimentally of their non-commissioned Officers and Soldiers who fall within the
                                different Classes of Grievances complained of with Regard to the Terms of Enlistment Pay Bounty & Clothing
                                that they will immediatly appoint Commissioners to examine and deport thereon that full & ample Justice shall
                                be done to the Claimants by discharging such as are entitled to their Discharge giving Certificates of Pay &
                                Clothing due to such as have Claim.
                            The foregoing Terms being accepted the Committee resolved that upon the Soldiers of the Pennsylvania Line
                                delivering up the british Emissaries sent to corrupt them and submitting to them proper Officers
                                they will publish a full and general Pardon for all Offences committed by the non commissioned Officers &
                                Soldiers of the said Line from this 31st of Decr last to this Time.

                     Enclosure

                                Gentlemen

                            I wrote you last evening by Mr Davies, informing you of the proposals made by the Serjeants, & my
                                orders to the troops to march this morning to Trenton—being resolved to open no further negociation with them, but to
                                take steps of a contrary kind, in which I am of opinion we had a good chance of success. But on my letter going in to
                                Genel Wayne orders were given to march this morning, & having also communicated the requisition of the Committee
                                respecting the spies, there seemed to be a  disposition on that head—I am in momentary
                                expectation of hearing that they are set out, and hope the Commissaries and Qr Masters will be prepared. Quarters must
                                be provided for at least 1500 men tho’ I will endeavour to detach 1000 at least to Bordentown & Burlington
                                tomorrow—At Trenton I expect they will receive their Officers, & that is my greatest concern at present, as
                                they appear so deeply to resent the conduct of the troops to them personally. Had Genl Wayne not given a promise of
                                general pardon the 2d Jany & confirmed it on the 7th I should have excepted the men who shot their officers if
                                they could have been discovered. I was somewhat apprehensive that the delivering up the spies,
                                being an annexed condition to the pardon would have had some difficulties, but I now rather think it had a good
                                effect.
                             I now wait here for intelligence of the movement, & am Gemn most respectfully Yr Obedt
                                & very humbl servt

                                Jos. Reed

                                P.S. I have no account yet from the Missing sent to South Amboy.

                                    10 oClock—I am just informed that the troops have paraded, & are set out.


Title: From George Washington to Daniel Brodhead, 10 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Brodhead, Daniel

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 10th January 1781.

                        I have recd your favors of the 17th of October and 7th of Decemr—It is to be wished that we had means of
                            retaining the affections of those Indians who appear friendly or of engaging those to take part with us who are
                            otherwise, but as that is not the case, it will be a most desirable object to foment differences among themselves, and as
                            the Delawares have declared against the senecas who have been most troublesome to us they are certainly intitled to our
                            support and protection.
                        Major Genl Baron Steuben is at Richmond in Virginia assisting in compleating the new arrangement of the
                            Virginia line. He will write to you on the subject of Colo. Gibson’s Regt and you will be pleased to comply with his
                            directions respecting throwing the Men into two Companies and calling down the surplus Officers.
                        You will be pleased to attach the Men of Rawlin’s Corps and the independent Companies to the Pennsylvania and
                            Virginia Regiments as they may respectively belong—should there be any Marylanders for the War or for any considerable
                            time to come, you will send them down to Richmond under the care of an Officer that they may join their line—The Officers
                            of those Corps retire upon half pay agreeable to the Regulations of the 3d and 21st October. You will transmit me a Return
                            of their Names and Ranks. I am &c.


Title: From George Washington to John Franklin, 10 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Franklin, John

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 10th Jany 1781.

                        I am pleased to find by your favor of the 4th instant that you are willing to accept of the Agency for
                            prisoners provided Sir Henry Clinton makes no objection to your returning to New York. I shall immediately propose you to
                            him, and will acquaint you with his answer as soon as I receive it. I am Sir Your most obt ServtGo: Washington


Title: From George Washington to William Heath, 10 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 10th Jany 1781

                        You will be pleased immediately to summon all the General Officers and the Colonels or Officers commanding
                            the Regiments of the lines under your command to meet punctually at ten oClock tomorrow morning at your quarters. I will
                            be down myself by that time—You need not send to Colo. Hazen. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from William Heath, 10 January 1781
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            Garrison West Point Jany 10th 1781

                        Enclosed is a letter I received yesterday from Lt Colonel Hull. I wrote him an answer that he was not to put
                            himself, or the Regular Troops, under the Command of a Militia Officer—whether upon the receipt of my letter, Colonel
                            Thomas would conclude to act as a Volunteer, under Colonel Hull or not, I have not yet learnt. The heavy rain this day
                            will probably suspend the Enterprise untill the weather clears up.
                        In mine of the 8th I mentioned to your Excellency, that I had sent a Detachment towards Pompton; the strength
                            of the Garrison every day decreasing by the discharges of the Levies, whose times of service expire, & the
                            necessary, & constant hard duty, call for the return of that Detachment, as soon as the atate of the public affairs
                            will admit—shall be much obliged to your Excellency, for information, when tranquillity is so restored in the Jersies as
                            to admit of their recall.
                        A number of Soldiers who have for some time been Prisoners with the Enemy, have lately been exchanged, have
                            come out, & joined their regiments; from their long confinement in Prison, injured health, & absence from
                            their Friends, they are very anxious to obtain furloughs to visit their Friends—is it expedient to indulge them? The
                            return of these Soldiers from Captivity, renders a few more articles of Cloathing similar to those lately drawn,
                            necessary—Will the Store admit of it?
                        Major Bauman was the last winter, by Your Excellencys permission, to try some distances with shot, &
                            shells—some particular circumstances at that time prevented; he still represents the great utility of it, & that by
                            ascertaining the distances, from some of the works, a great advantage will be acquired, in the defence of the works, should
                            the Enemy ever attack them.
                        Is it your Excellencys intention to make any alteration, in the arrangment of the Massachusetts Brigades in
                            consequence of the late establishment of the rank of the Regiments? or to let them remain as they are, untill they quit
                            their winter Quarters.
                        The Boats that lately went up the river after flour, have returned; they brought down 169 barrels, and a
                            craft brought down 120 barrels three days since—These quantities were all that could be obtained at that time. Colonel Hay
                            wrote me, that about 100 barrells would be ready at Esopus about this time, if boats could be sent up—they will be sent
                            Tomorrow—We have been this two days without beef Cattle, nor do I yet learn that any are near at hand. Yesterday & today
                            the Commissary has been obliged to serve the Troops, from the provisions salted in bulk, the whole Quantity of which is a
                            mere triffle, & will be gone in a few days. The issuing of this beef is certainly bad policy; but necessity
                            compels us to do it. Half our time is spent in writing to Agents, Commissareis, & Quarter Masters, to represent our wants
                            & distresses, & to urge the forwarding of provisions to prevent our starving. I have the honor to be with
                            the greatest respect Your Excellencys Most Obedient Servant

                            W. Heath

                     Enclosure

                                Dear Genl
                                Near Pines Bridge Jany 8th 1781.

                            Immediately after receiving your Favour of Yesterday, I wrote Colo. Thomas, desiring him to call on me
                                for the Purpose of settling a Disposition for the intended Enterprize—He has this Evening called on me, & I
                                find expects to take the Command of the whole, on Account of his being the eldest Officer in Point of Rank—In my first
                                Conversation with Capt. Delivon & Justice Honeywell on the Subject, it was explicitly
                                settled that all the Troops employed in the Expedition should be under my Orders, and they informed me the Militia
                                Officers would be happy to have it placed on that Footing—With this View, I solicited your Honors Permission, and by
                                the Spirit of the Answer conceive it was granted upon that Consideration.
                            Altho’ I am sensible that a full Colonel of Militia when called into Service by proper Authority, and
                                acting with any Part of the Army, commands a Lieut. Colonel upon the Establishment, yet it is clear to me as the
                                present Case is circumstanced, when the Colonel of Militia turns out at his own Option, collects a Number of
                                Volunteers for a particular Purpose, and joins regular Troops for a Day, that he has no Right to assume that
                                Command—As I conceive it absolutely necessary to have a commanding Officer to every Body of Troops acting in
                                Conjunction, and as every military Principle forbids my placing myself with the Detachment under the Command of a
                                Militia Officer, under the present Circumstances, I have informed Colo. Thomas, that he must not expect my
                                Cooperation, unless my Genl differs with me in Sentiment, and orders me to a Measure, which my Judgment does not
                                approve—Should any Misconduct take place by which the whole or a Part of the regular Troops should be lost, who is to
                                be answerable? The Answer is plain the commanding Officer—Could Colo. Thomas be brought before a proper Tribunal? At
                                the same Time that he thinks my Reasoning on the Subject is just, yet he thinks he cannot consistently put himself
                                under my Command—As he has made his Arrangements, and expects the Militia to rendezvous on Wednesday, he wishes to make
                                the Attempt—We have therefore left the Matter thus.
                            If you, Sir, differ with me in Judgment, & think it military to place myself and Detachment under
                                his Command, the Confidence alone which I place in your Judgment, will induce me to cooperate with him in any Way, he
                                shall propose—Should I be so happy as to have formed a right Judgment, I told him I would solicit your Permission, to
                                send a Capt. & sixty Men as a coverig Party as far as East Chester, who would have my Orders to act as
                                Circumstances might require—I should be happy to hear from you on the Subject as soon as possible—Am Dear Sir with the
                                most perfect Esteem Your Most Obedt Servt

                                Wm Hull Lt Colo.


Title: To George Washington from William Heath, 10 January 1781
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            Garrison West Point Janry 10th 1781

                        I request to be informed whether it be your pleasure, and expectation, Since you have established your
                            Quarters at New Windsor, that I exercise Command at, and pay attention to affairs at Fishkill, The Daily Issue of 300
                            rations of Provisions at the Landing; and 1,022, in the Town, in the whole as many within one ration as are Issued to the
                            whole Connecticut Line, when there are but few Troops at that place, and Several other matters wherein the Public Interest
                            is concerned, demand investigation and the particular attention of Some Body. If your Excellency Supposes it to be my
                            Duty, to take Such Steps as are necessary, it shall be done, or if you think it is beyond the circle of my Command, I
                            shall cautiously avoid it. But shall think it my Duty as a Servant to the public, to make a representation to your
                            Excellency. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect Your Excellencys most Obedient Servant

                            W. Heath


Title: From George Washington to John Neilson, 10 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Neilson, John

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor Janry 10th 1781

                        I am informed by Miss Dagworthy that the Ladies of the Committee have delivered three hundred and eighty pr
                            of Stockings to Your care, to be disposed of by My Order.
                        You will be pleased to have them forwarded to the Troops of the State of New Jersey, to be issued to them as
                            a Donation from the Ladies of that State under the direction of the Commanding Officer of the Line.I am Sir Your Most
                            Obed. Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Holden Parsons, 10 January 1781
From: Parsons, Samuel Holden
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            Camp in Highlands Jany 10h 1781

                        On my Return to Camp I was favor’d with the Act of Congress for releiving the Garrison of Wioming. and would
                            beg Leave to inform your Excellency that many of the Inhabitants of New Jersey are interested in the Land on the
                            Susquehanna under the Claim of Pensylvania and at different Times have assisted the Pensylvanians in their Attempts to
                            remove the New England Settlers. this being a Matter which will exceedingly affect the contending States I am persuaded
                            your Excellency would wish to place in that Garrison Officers & Soldiers who will least alarm the Jealousies of
                            the contending Parties. the New England Settlers will have no Objection to any Troops from Virginia, Maryland, NewYork,
                            Rhode Island, Massachusetts Bay, or New Hampshire, or from Colo. Hazen’s Regt not being Citizens of Connecticutt or
                            Pensylvania, indeed the last mentiond Regiment has about Twenty Men of Schott’s Corps which are
                            at Wioming & will be annex’d to that Regiment, perhaps a Command from Col. Hazen’s Regiment will be as
                            unexceptionable as from any Corps in the Army. I have an Opportunity of sending to Wioming, and could I be able to inform
                            them that the Garrison is not to be releiv’d from the Jersey Troops their fears will be quieted. the Bearer will wait an
                            answer if your Excellency pleases to favor me with One. I am with the greatest Respect, Dear General Yr Obedt Servt

                            Saml H. Parsons


Title: From Tench Tilghman to Timothy Pickering, 10 January 1781
From: Tilghman, Tench
To: Pickering, Timothy

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters 10 Jany 1781.

                        If Colo. Pickering returns this Evening be pleased to let him know that the General wishes him to accompany
                            him to West Point tomorrow Morning on business of consequence. he must be here by 8 oClock. Yrs

                            T. Tilghman


Title: From George Washington to Arthur St. Clair, 10 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: St. Clair, Arthur

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 10th Jany 1781  OClock P.M.

                        Your favors of the 7th and 8th from Morris Town both reached me in the course of this day. I cannot conceive
                            how Major Fishbourne could have misunderstood me as to my intention of going down. The postscript of my letter of the 3d to
                            General Wayne, which was added after I had consulted Governor Clinton and the General Officers was to the contrary. Upon
                            receiving your letter of the 7th I sent directions to General Heath to assemble all the General Officers and Officers
                            commanding Corps at his Quarters tomorrow Morning, where I will meet them. What I have to propose is of too delicate a
                            nature to commit to paper, neither can I say, untill I have had the meeting, whether it will be prudent for me to go down
                            toward Morris—You shall hear from me after the meeting is over. I think it appears by the letter which has fallen into
                            your hands that there has not been much, if any intercourse between the Mutineers and Sir H. Clinton. And if the future
                            correspondence can be intercepted, it will embarrass the British and the troops. You will have been the best judges of the
                            kind of answer which it would be proper to give to Sir Henry’s message: But as we had not force sufficient to wish to
                            decoy him out, perhaps it will have been most prudent to answer him in the negative.
                        I am certain that in consequence of my letter to General Wayne, of the 8th, every offer that could with
                            propriety be made has been made. What further is to be done can be better judged if by you on the spot, than by me at this
                            distance—The steps you have hitherto taken are judicious and strictly proper.
                        Be pleased to thank the Marquis and Colo. Laurens for their letters, which a press of business prevents me
                            from answering.
                        If I do go down it will be by Chester—Warwick Colo. Sewards—Davenports Mill and to Morris Town. You will send
                            Expresses on that Route; but do not let it be known that I mean to take it. I am with great Regard Dear Sir Your most obt
                            Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Sullivan, 10 January 1781
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

                        Dr Sr

                            Barclays House (near Trenton) Jany 10th 1781 8 o Clock Eveng

                        We are Happy to inform Your Excellency that the terms offerd to the Pennsylvania troops are at length finally
                            and as we believe cordially and Satisfactorily agreed on, and tomorrow we expect the Pennsylvania line will be arranged in
                            its former order, Constitutionally, no Concession has been granted them that the critical Situation of our affairs did not
                            Warrant and Justice dictate.As an earnest of their Sincerity they have this night Sent to us under a Strong guard the two
                            Spies Sent out by Sr Harry Clinton with offers of terms to them, who are now in this House under a guard of the
                            Philadelphia Light Horse, and a Court Consisting of Genls Wayne & Towner & Colo. Butler  Stewart &
                            Majr Fishbun at this Moment determining their fates. Several other Emissaries have been Sent out by Sr Harry, who have
                            more prudently deliverd thier Credentials to us, whether more Honestly time will determine—In Short the whole progress of
                            this affair except the first Tumult, has been conducted on their part with a consistency, firmness, and a degree of
                            policy mixed with candor that must astonish every theorist on the nature of the American Soldiery; and cover Sr Harry
                            with Shame and Confusion, if not Stigmatize him with the appellation of the Prince of Blundirers, for having so illy
                            Succeeded in essays of this kind.
                        Commissioners appointed by the Committee of Congress Consisting of Col: Atlee Genl: Potter Mr Blair
                            McClaneghan, and Capt Morris of the Philadelphia Lt Horse will proceed tomorrow to adjust their Claimes.
                        Jany 11th 8 of Clock AM The British Emissarres are Condemned & will be Executed this morning at nine.
                             The Commissioners are now Sitting to Determine which of the Troops ought to be Discharged and which to remain &
                             we Trust this Day will Compleat the Business. I have the Honor to be most Respectfully dr Genl Your
                            Excellencys most obedt Servt
                        by order of the Committee
                            Jno. Sullivan Chairman


Title: From David Humphreys to George Clinton, 11 January 1781
From: Humphreys, David
To: Clinton, George

                                Sir

                             Janry 11th 1781

                        I have it in command from the General, who is gone to West Point to
                            transmit your Excellency the purport of the favorable intelligence received last
                            Night by Express from Trenton. The Pennsylvanians have given a decided & unequivocal proof of
                            their attachment to the Country, and determination not to join the Enemy; by delivering up to General Wayne, an Emissary
                            sent by the Enemy to tamper with them, together with his Guide & Papers. These Agents of the Enemy were sent under
                            a guard to Governor Reed, who was in the neighbourhood of Prince Town, and were to be delivered over to Lord Stirling’s
                            Orders, who had Ordered a Court Martial at Trenton for their Tryal—A Copy of the paper found on the Negotiator, I do
                            myself the Honor to enclose to your Excellency—This, with the above intelligence comes from Lord
                            Stirling and the Committee appointed by Congress to quiet the Disturbances in the Pennsylvania Line.
                        It appears by a variety of circumstances that this was the first Overture—And that a
                                Number of Agents were employed on the same business as General St Clair, who is at Morris
                            Town, had just before detected one set of Proposals, and, transmitted a Copy (similar
                            to the enclosed) to His Excellency—It is now hoped & expected, from the good disposition shewn in this instance,
                            that the affair may yet be happily settled. I have the honor to be With the most perfect respect & esteem Your
                            Excellencys Most Obedient Hble Servant

                            D. Humphrys

                     Enclosure

                                    c.10 January 1781

                            Copy of the Enemy’s letter to the Pennsylvanians.
                            It having been reported at New York that the Pennsylvania Troops and others having
                                been defrauded by Congress of their pay Cloathing & provisions, are
                                assembled for a redress of their grievances, and also that notwithstanding the terms of their
                                inlistments are expired, they have been forcibly detained in the service where they
                                have suffered every kind of misery and oppression.
                            They are now offered to be taken under the British Government, to have their rights
                                restored, a free pardon for all former offences and their pay due to them by Congress faithfully
                                paid to them with out any expectations of Military service (except it may be voluntary) upon laying down their Arms and
                                returning to their allegiance, for which purpose if they will send Commissioners to Amboy they will
                                be there met by people empowered to treat with them, and faith shall be pledged for their security.
                            It is recommended for their safety, to move behind south river and whenever they request it, a Body of
                                British troops shall protect them.
                            It is needless to point out the inability as well as want of inclination in Congress, to relieve them, or
                                to tell them the severities that will be used toward them by the Rebel leaders, should they think of returning to
                                their former servitude.
                            It will be proved to the Commissioners they may choose to send, that the authority from whence this comes
                                is sufficient to ensure the performance of the above proposals.


Title: To George Washington from Nathanael Greene, 11 January 1781
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Camp on the Pedee c.11 January 1781

                        Your Excellencys private letter of the 13th of Decem. I have had the pleasure to receive and thank you kindly
                            for the information respecting the health of Mrs Greene and family. It is the first hint I have had since I left the
                            Northern Army.
                        General de Portail who will deliver your Excellency this letter is pretty well acquainted with our situation,
                            and can give you a better account of the state of the department than I shall have an opportunity to write by this
                            conveyance as the General is just setting out. I beg my compliments to Mrs Washington and am with great respect Your Most
                            Obedt humble Sert

                            Nath. Greene


Title: To George Washington from William Heath, 11 January 1781
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            Garrison West Point Jany 11th 1781

                        I have ordered a Detachment to consist of two Battalions of 250 rank & file each, properly Officered
                            from the Massachusetts Line. One Battalion of 250 rank & file from the Connecticutt Line—One Battalion of 100 rank
                            & file from the New Hampshire Line—and one Battallion of 200 rank & file, half from Colonel Hazens
                            regiment, & the other half from the Detachment on the Lines, in the whole five Battalions to be held in the most
                            perfect readiness to march on the shortest notice, with four days provision cooked &ca. Major General Howe having
                            the Command by seniority I have given it to him—the whole submitted to your Excellency. I have the honor to be with the
                            greatest respect Your Excellencys most Obedient Servant

                            W. Heath

                             250
                             250
                             250
                             100

                                 200

                            1050


Title: To George Washington from Arthur St. Clair, 11 January 1781
From: St. Clair, Arthur
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Morris Town Jany 11th 1781

                        I was favored last Night with a Letter from the Comittee of Congress dated the 9th Instant by which I am informed
                            that the Mutineers were on their March to Trenton, that matters wore a favourable Aspect with regard to them and  have more great Hopes that every thing woud be accomodated in an amicable Manner. But
                            as there is no mention made of the Principals I fear Governor Reeds Proposals must be the Basis of it; which amounts to a
                            Disolution of the Line. I have indeed heard that they have gone farther and consented that such Officers as are most disagreeable to
                            them shall be left out—but this Part of it I cannot credit.
                        The Ennemy have made no Movement, trusting I suppose to the Effect of their Proposals which have been rejected
                            and the Persons employed by Sir Henry Clinton arrested, and I am informed tried and condemned—midst the Stain the Mutiny
                            has brought upon them this Instance of Attachment to their Country shone forth with peculiar Lustre.
                        I have this Moment a Letter from Colonel Barber which informs that the Ennemy are about to return to their
                            former Quarters--the Accounts brought by a Person who escaped from Staten Island, and cannot be much depended
                            on—He is at present at Chatham with the Detachment and is desirous to return as soon
                            as may be, to  his Camp as the Soldiers are all provided in Cloathing & no Troops
                                remain on this Station it will be necessary to remove the Stores from this Place for small as they are the loss would befelt.
                        In anxious Expectation to receive your Excellency’s orders. I am with the greatest Esteem and Respect Sir your
                            most obedient Servant

                            Ar St Clair

                            The Contractor for this County has just informed me that no further Dependance
                                is to be put on this County for Provision, and the Commissary has not a single Pound of wheat on hand.


Title: To George Washington from Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, Baron [von] Steuben, 11 January 1781
From: Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, Baron [von]
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Camp near Hood’s 11th Jany 1781

                        I had the honor to address your Excellency the 8th inst. giving you a detail of what had passed down to
                            that date. The Enemy laying Still at Westover on the 9th, and some Vessels which had lain at the mouth of the Appamatox,
                            dropping down that Day to their Fleet, I thought it Evident they had no design against Petersburg, and therefore ordered
                            the few Militia who were assembled there to march to Prince George CourtHouse, and went there myself that I might be
                            more at hand to prepare against any Movement of the Enemy. The 10th in the morning, I was informed they were Embarking
                            their Troops, & on reconnoitring them myself, from Coggin’s Point, I found their Embarkation Compleated, & the Vessels
                            preparing to sail.
                        It had been found impracticable to remount the Cannon at Hood’s, or to prepare any Obstruction to their
                            passing that place. Of this, however, the Enemy were ignorant, and thinking it very probable they would land a party to
                            examine those Works before they attempted to pass, I ordered 300 Infantry & about 30 horse under Colo.
                            Clark, to lay in Ambush to receive them. About 12 o’clock the Fleet got under Way, and at 4 o’clock I saw them from
                            Hood’s come to within Cannon shot, at Dusk they landed Troops from 18 Boats, Deserters say 500-, who
                            immediately attacked a small Piquet we had, and pursued them to within 40 paces of the Ambuscade, when our Troops gave
                            them a fire, but, on their returning it, & charging bayonets, the Militia immediately fled—After throwing the Cannon
                            into the River, the Enemy returned to their ships, which at Day light were 5 miles below. I ordered 300
                            Infantry & 2 Troops of Horse down to Cabbin point, & Encamped with the remainder, about 500 Men, at this
                            place. As an attempt might be made at Williamsburg, and as Genl Nelson had only 400 Men, I ordered 560 Militia who were on their Way to join me, to cross the River & reinforce him. The next great
                            Object for the Enemy being Hunter’s Works, and the stores at Fredericksburg, I wrote the Governor to Countermand the
                            Militia from that Quarter. General Weedon had already advanced with about 350, as far as Hanover
                            Court House, before he received the Governor’s letter. It is left with him to return or not, according as he from his
                            Knowledge of the force that can be collected, may think necessary.
                        I cannot yet form any Judgment of the future operations of the Enemy, should they mean to pillage
                            Williamsburg, Nelson’s Corps may harass, but cannot prevent them, If they take possession of Norfolk, I shall collect what
                            force is necessary & endeavour to keep them en Echec or, if they would go into Potowmack, I
                            shall immediately march to form a Junction with the Militia under General Weedon, and cover Fredericksburg.
                        The Militia are coming in from all Quarters, but without Arms, for which they apply to me. I have delivered
                            about 500 we had belonging to the Continent. Those of the State were so scattered, in removing them on the
                            Alarm, that their Officers cannot collect them again—The troops have neither Tents nor Camp-kettles. It is impossible to
                            describe the situation I am in, in want of every thing& no thing can be got from the State, rather for want of
                            Arrangement than any thing else. I am with the greatest Respect, Sir, Your Excellency’s Most obedient & most humble
                            Servant

                            Steuben


Title: General Orders, 12 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                            New Windsor Friday January 12th 1781
                            Parole.
                            Countersigns–

                        The term for renewal of Tickets in the 4th Class of the United States Lottery is extended to eight weeks
                            instead of Six and which will expire the 8th of February.
                        The Adventurers in the 3d Class who purchased tickets at the Pay office and chuse to renew in the 4th are
                            requested to consign the exchanges to the regimental Paymasters who will give receipts for the amount as money advanced on
                            account.


Title: From George Washington to Charles, marquis de La Rouërie Armand Tuffin, 12 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Armand Tuffin, Charles, marquis de La Rouërie

                            Sir,
                            New Windsor Jany 12th 1781

                        I have recd your favor of yesterday. On my part there is not the smallest objection to your accompanying
                            Colo. Laurens to France, but the permission must come from Congress. The offer which you make of equipping your Corps with
                            Cloathing & Accoutrements (the cost of wch to be repaid in three or 4 years, and the interest annually) is
                            generous; and among many other proofs of your Zeal & ability to serve the common cause—I am persuaded it will be
                            received in a favourable light by Congress.
                        At a time when the enemy are giving all the support they can to their Southern operations it would be
                            improper, in me, to with-draw a Man from that quarter; but as you doubt the abilities of your Major, I shall have no
                            objection, if it is consistent with the establishment of the Partizan Corps, to Lieutt Colo. Ternant (when exchanged) his
                            being appointed to yours; as he is an officer of acknowledged merit, & in actual pay. Major Lee has been premoted,
                            but upon what principle or what arrangement (if any) Congress have been pleased to make with respect to field officers fer
                            these Corps—is more than I am acquainted with—With respect to the appointmts of your other officers—the mode of recruiting
                            Men—& purchasing Horses—I can do no more than refer you to my former letter—strict regard however for the sake of
                            justice—the tranquility of your Corps—and your own Peace—Must be had to the rights of the Officers who at present
                            constitute your Corps—& to the characters of such as may be brought into it by new appointments.
                        I would be more full but a pressure of important matters puts it out of my power to be so at present—I thank
                            you for your assurances of friendship & attachment. I am—with great esteem & regard—Sir Yr Most Obedt
                            Servt

                            G. Washington


Title: From George Washington to Board of War, 12 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

                            Gentlemen
                            Head Quarters New Windsor Jany 12th 1781

                        Congress having authorised me to appoint officers for Col. Armands corps, I have given him directions for the
                            purpose, as he is better acquainted than I am, with the characters, that will suit him. I am to request on his furnishing
                            the Board with an arrangement that they will be pleased to issue Commissions. He expects to go to France and dispatch
                            being necessary to his plan, I have thought proper to refer him thus immediately to the Board. I have the honor to be With
                            perfect respect Gentlemen Yr most Obedt & humble St


Title: To George Washington from François-Jean de Beauvoir, marquis de Chastellux, 12 January 1781
From: Chastellux, François-Jean de Beauvoir, marquis de
To: Washington, George

                            dear General
                            Newport January 12, 1781

                        being arrived at Newport, I find myself very happy; not because my health is rather improved than impaired by
                            a long and fatiguing journey, nor because I have seen the vast and interesting theatre of the most memorable transactions,
                            but because I had the opportunity to Know the first personage who shines upon it, and to add the feelings of my heart to
                            those suitle which he had inspired my soul long time before. Your excellency commands the respect and
                            the admiration of both hemispheres, but to love you is the peculiar privilege of those who enjoyed your society. I know,
                            dear general, that your modesty do not allow your friends the pleasure that they should find in expressing their
                            sentiments; but give me leave to observe that those are only apt to forget that you are great who know how you are good. I
                            have experienced your indulgence, and when I wish to satisfy my vanity and to hope that, I deserve it
                            somesway, I think that you distinguished in me a true friend to your country and to the great cause of
                            liberty.
                        I am happy, dear generl, in the opportunity that is offered to me to present my respects to your excellency.
                            Count de Charlus the son of marquis de Castries our new minister is a young gentleman endowed with the best and most
                            amiable qualities, but i may do him justice in a word by saying that he is a worthy friend to marquis de la fayette. he
                            resigned a colonelship at home to serve in America and left in france a very handsome lady whom he had married the month
                            before. I hope that he will testify to your excellency the respect and the attachment of the whole french army, but
                            peculiary that of your Most obedient and humble servant

                            Cmt de Chastellux

                            Captain Lynch and baron de Montesquieu desire to be respectfully remembered to your excellency and to
                                acknowledge all the goodness you have  them.


Title: To George Washington from Philemon Dickinson, 12 January 1781
From: Dickinson, Philemon
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Hermitage 12th Jany 1781

                        I did myself the honor of forwarding to your Excellency, two Packets from the Committee of Congress; which
                            contained every occurrence worth communicating, & prevented my addressing your Excellency sooner.
                        Upon receiving, the disagreable Intelligence respecting the Pennsylvania Line, I imagined the Enemy would have
                            taken the advantage of More disturbances, & have thrown a body of Troops into this State—I therefore thought it prudent, to
                            make some disposition to receive them, as well as to answer, another obvious purpose. Whilst the Pennsylvanians lay at
                            Princeton, I formed a large body of Militia between them & the Sound, a second, at the Baptist Meeting House in
                            Hopewell; a third at Crosswichs—a fourth at South Amboy—This last body, was composed of the Monmouth Militia. Since their
                            removal to Trenton, I have order’d More Troops from the Meeting House, & Crosswichs, to move on to
                            Princeton—where I intend visiting from this Day.
                        The moment an accommodation takes place, between the Committee of the Insurgents, I shall dismiss the Militia,
                            unless I shoud receive your Excellency’s orders to the contrary—or the Enemy (which I do not now expect) should make a
                            descent into this State.
                        The two Spies were executed yesterday pursuant to their sentence, on a Gallows
                            erected just above Paddy’s Ferry in Pennsylvania—The execution was delayed some time, for want of a rope hangman—but at
                            last, the service was performed, by a Negro Boy of Paddy’s. I was glad to hear, this necessary business was ended. The
                            great wash is not yet begun, altho’ Commissioners are appointed, & preparations making—From the
                            best Information I can procure, I am of Opinion; That about three hundred of them, wished to join the Enemy. They still
                                 in returning their Arms, untill discharged—which is so absurd a demand, it can never be
                            complied with—nor can I think, they seriously expect a compliance.
                        I wish the matter was finally settled--The difficulty of supplying the Militia with Provisions is very
                            great, I use my utmost exertions, to draw supplies from our County Contractors, but the
                            scarcity of Cash pervades every Department, & gives me but little reason, to expect
                            much support from that quarter.
                        Whatever Orders, your Excellency thinks proper to give, shall be executed, by Your Excellency’s Most Obt Servt

                            Philemon Dickinson


Title: To George Washington from William Dobbs, 12 January 1781
From: Dobbs, William
To: Washington, George

                            May it Please Your Excellency,
                            Fish Kill 12th January 1781

                        The Bearer Capt. William Thompson a Citizen from New York having been brought up to the Sea and for many
                            years Sailed out of that Port, I take the Liberty to Recommend him as a Gentleman well acquainted with our Coast and the
                            Channel. he is I am certain well attached to the Cause and has been a Prisoner in the City Close Confin’d for Seven
                            Months—If Your Excellency can place him in any Business that may induce him to tarry as he has a family to Provide for he
                            will not be under the Necessity of going to Sea which he must do for a livelyhood. I am Your Excellencys Most Obedt Servt

                            Willm Dobbs


Title: To George Washington from Udny Hay, 12 January 1781
From: Hay, Udny
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Poughkeepsie 12th Jan. 1781

                        I take the liberty to acquaint your Excellency that should the weather continue moderate till you receive
                            this it is altogether probable that boats will be able to go to two of the Landings where there is at least two hundred
                            barrells of flour lying, and beg you will be pleased to give orders that they be dispatched, and desired to call upon me
                            at this place. I have the honour to be with the greatest respect Your Excellencys most obedient & very humble Sert

                            Udny Hay

                            This moment four boats have arrived.


Title: From George Washington to William Heath, 12 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

                            Dear Sir,
                            New Windsor 12th Jan: 1781

                        The Marqs De la Fayette, Colo. Laurens & others arrived here yesterday, but bring no later accts than
                            those I had with me at West-point—nor have I heard any thing further from the Revolted Troops, or the Commee of Congress
                            since Genl Sullivans Letter which you heard read. I beg therefore that the detachment may be hurried, and I informed when
                            it will be ready to move. I will direct Colo. Blaine to wait upon you and fix matters with respect to the article of
                            Provision.
                        Majr Genl Howe applied to me yesterday for the Command of the Detachment—In point of right he ought to have
                            it—but in point of policy, it might be better to give it to either General Parsons or General Glover—and this I told him;
                            but ultimately desired him to fix the matter with you and the other two Gentn, who might be more competent judges of the
                            weight of my observations to him than I could be myself—determine it as you will, I shall be satisfied.
                        When the Detachment Marches, you will be pleased to pay particular attention that each work is sufficiently
                            manned & provided—that the Guard Boats below are uncommonly watchful—that upon the appearance of any force on the
                            Water they fire alarm Guns at Stony or Verplanks point & not depending on this, send Expresses besides—that a
                            field piece with a small guard be stationed at Fort Montgomery for the more certain receiving and communicating the alarm
                            at Kings-ferry—That every means be used to obtain intelligence of the Enemys designs at New York. And in a word every
                            possible deligence used, and attention given, to the security of the Post in the absence of the Detachment. I am Dr Sir
                            Yr Most Obedt Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to William Heath, 12 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor Janry 12th 1781

                        I have just received your favors of the 10th & 11th Instant.
                        I had always considered you as having the command of the Troops at Fish Kill, and am fully of your opinion
                            that an investigation into the Issue of Provision at that place, and the Landing is absolutely necessary. You will be
                            pleased therefore to take such measures as you think proper to detect any abuses of this or any other article of Public
                            property.
                        The issue of Provision would have engaged my particular attention before this time, had not a variety of
                            business prevented. I had ordered Returns of the quantities of Provision issued at the several Posts, specifying by whose
                            Order they were delivered. And this, I think will be your only Method to discover whether there is any fraud in the
                            Matter. I am Dear Sir With great regard & esteem Your Most Obed. Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from William Heath, 12 January 1781
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            Garrison Westpoint Janry 12th 1781

                        I am just honored with yours of this date, I apprehend that every necessary Step is takeing to have the
                            detachment ready to march if it should be called for but fear we shall be rather straitned in obtaining the 1150 rank and
                            file proposed. The Garrison will be extremely weak if that number marches—I leave Lt Colo. Hull with 100 men on the Lines,
                            being apprehensive that a less number will not Check the excursions of the Enemy, The Garrison at King’s ferry will remain
                            compleat, but what remains for the defence of these Posts will be a very Slender Garrison. If the detachment march I shall
                            be carefull to exercise every precaution you are pleased to point out.
                        General Howe never mentioned that any thing had passed between him and your Excellency on the Subject of
                            Command, and as it was his by right, and he appeared desirous to have it, was accordingly appointed, was it not for that,
                            considering the Genius of the Eastern Troops, and fondness for their own officers, I should have thought it more politic,
                            to have Sent General Parsons, for the foregoing reason only. but this is a delicate matter and
                            I touch it with caution. If I had known that any thing had been said upon the subject I should most certainly have
                            enlarged upon it. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect your Excellencys most Obedient Servt

                            W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Huntington, 12 January 1781
From: Huntington, Samuel
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Philadelphia January 12. 1781

                        Your Excellency will be informed by the enclosed Copies No 1 & 2 of the 8th Inst: that Brigadier
                            General Hand is appointed Adjutant General—And also of the Measures Congress have adopted to procure Speice for the Use of
                            the Prisoners in New York & its Vicinity.
                        I have also enclosed the Deposition of George Bateman Batterman No. 3, giving an Account
                            of the Manner in which our People Prisoners with the Enemy are treated. I have the Honor to be with the highest respect
                            & Esteem Sir your most obedient & most humble Servant

                            Sam. Huntington President

                     Enclosure

                                    19 December 1780

                            The deposition of George Batterman passenger on board the brigantine Providence from Turks Island bound
                                to Rhode Island of lawful age testifies and declares that he was captured the fifteenth of September last by the
                                Intrepid a sixty four gun Ship belonging to the british King commanded by James Anthony
                                    illegible Mewloy whom with his own hands took every stitch of Cloths the
                                prisoners brought on board and shoved them overboard on purpose to distress them or they were of no servise to him and
                                on the 28th of said month put on board of the prison Ship at New York where we were served about eight ounces of
                                condemned Bread per day and about eight ounces of meat per Week from thence transported on board the Jersey a sixty
                                four gun Ship where there was supposed to be eleven hundred Americans on board when we were told that we were now in a
                                Kings Ship and that if we ran away that we should be brought to the gangway and floged according to the Articles of
                                War where we were supplied with the same quantity of bread and Meat though neither of them fit to eat. And after we
                                were on board there a few days there came on board recruiting Officers and finding that our Officers perswaded our
                                people not to inlist or enter into their service they came on board and told all the officers that they should give
                                their Names to be exchanged. The day following there came on board several boats and took them on shore where we were
                                informed they were sent to the provost then telling the people that they never would be exchanged. They inticed them
                                to lish after they found that this scheme would not take They took a new method made another
                                draught of Officers and sent them on board of the Yarmouth a sixty four gun Ship where they informed us that they were
                                sent to England and that all officers of Commisson’d Vessels should be sent to England. The Tenth
                                day of December they made another draught to send in the fleet which they call their names over
                                before we came away on the 5th day of December we were served l pint of water when there was seventy five puncheons in
                                the hold. They have taken this method of Starving us for the want of water to kill us or make us
                                enter into their service. They never allow a man that is sick to go to the hospital ship till that
                                they are so weak and low that they often expire before they get out of the Ship. They never allow the sick to be med only when there is a wet or damp Air. The commanding Officer on board told us that his
                                orders were that if the Ship took fire that we should all be burned below and perish in the flames which we
                                experienced one day. By accident the Ship took fire in the Steward’s room the commanding officer
                                ordered the Hessian guards to turn us below and if we offered to resist that they should fire among
                                us and if any of us should get into the water they should fire on us and hit us if possible.

                                George Batterman


Title: From George Washington to William Livingston, 12 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, William

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor Janry 12 1781

                        I have been honored with your Excellencys Letter of the 20th of Decr enclosing the Act for More effectually
                            preventing Ilicit Trade &c.—and also with your favor of the 5th Inst. covering the Act for recruiting the Regts of
                            New Jersey. When the present urgent business is dispatched, I shall attend to the several Matters containd in them. in the
                            Mean time I have the honor to be


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Holden Parsons, 12 January 1781
From: Parsons, Samuel Holden
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            Camp Highlands 12th Jany 81

                        The Instances of Firmaness in the Connectt Line exhibited among the Privates since I had the Honor of seeing
                            you fully convinces me of the Justice of my Observation Yesterday on this Subject and I beleive the same Spirit pervades
                            the whole of the Line.
                        In two Instances Application was made this Morning for furloughs, by Privates who had been three Years absent.
                            the Men were informed that the Defection of the Pensylvania Line would probably require their attendance to reduce them to
                            their Duty; they answerd without Hesitation, they had rather never see Home than the Cause of the Country should suffer by
                            such unjustifiable Conduct or that your Excellency should be in Danger from that or any other Misconduct; they went back
                            with great cheerfulness & said they would never apply again until they were brought back to their Duty—and in many
                            Instances the Officers Servant have beg’d to be armd and permitted to go on this Duty—from these Circumstances &
                            other observation I am convinc’d the fullest Confidance may, in this Instance, be placd in the Connectt Troops. I am Dr
                            General yr Obedt Servt

                            Saml H. Parsons


Title: To George Washington from Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 12 January 1781
From: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Newport January, 12th 1781

                        I have the honor to recommend to your Excellency, The Count de Charlus, 2d Colonel of the Saintonge Regiment,
                            who is only son to the Marquis de Castres, whom the news from Europe, report to be made Minister of the Marine. He has
                            asked my Leave to go and pay his respects to your Excellency, as he proposes pushing forward to Philadelphy, your
                            Excellency will give him Leave, if you think proper. We have no news, except that some British frigate is always now
                            cruising in sight of us. I am with respect, and personal attachment, Sir, Your Excellency’s Most obedient and most humble
                            Servant

                            le Cte de rochambeau


Title: To George Washington from Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 12 January 1781
From: Trumbull, Jonathan, Sr.
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Lebanon 12th Jany 1781.

                        James Wilson a soldier of this State, on duty at Horseneck, was placed a Sentinel over Nathan
                            Frink a notorious traitor to the States, who had been taken in arms against the same. Frink found means
                            to bribe Wilson to suffer his escape—and both went off together—After this Wilson was taken from the enemy—tried by a
                            Court martial and sentenced to suffer death—While this sentence was sent to me for confirmation—Wilson again escaped, I
                            believe after his sentence was confirmed—Sometime after this Wilson comes to our lines under a flag to procure his family
                            to be removed within the lines of the enemy—under the last mentioned circumstance he was detained by General Silliman, and
                            remains in custody—the question to Your Excellency is whether the protection of a flag is to be deemed so sacred as to
                            screen a villain from the execution of a sentence which he has so justly merited? I shall be much obliged by a Resolution
                            of this Query. The rather as a Capt. Saml Marsh of this State Militia who was going into New York under sanction of a flag
                            to make some inquiry for the welfare of his Son who was lately wounded and taken by the enemy is now detained under a
                            pretence of being treated in the same line as we shall deal with Wilson.
                        If Your Excellency should be of opinion that the sanction of a flag is not sacred as to protect Wilson from
                            death—I will be much obliged if you will be pleased to write by the bearer of this to Genl Clinton—stating the
                            circumstances. and desiring the release of Capt. Marsh—If a flag is to be deemed so sacred as to screen the villain as well
                            as the honest man. This State must take their measures accordingly. I am, with the highest Esteem & Consideration
                            Your Excellency’s Most Obedt hble Servant

                            Jonth; Trumbull


Title: To George Washington from Anthony Wayne, 12 January 1781
From: Wayne, Anthony
To: Washington, George

                            My Dear General
                            Trent Town 12th Jany 1781

                        I wrote you yesterday morning by Mr Craig, since which I was honored with yours of the 8th Instant, it
                            affords me great Consolation that the troops of the Other States have not yet attempted to follow the example of the
                            Pennsa Line.
                        When we offered the terms Inclosed you the 4th Instant we had in View the General Line of the Army, And Circumstances in Consideration would even Induce us to Commit the Honor of America, by any
                            unworthy, or unjust concessions to a body of Mutineers however formidable.
                        The Conditions now made & agreed to are the Joint Act of the Committee of Congress & the
                            Governor of Pennsa to whom the former Delegated their powers.
                        The mutineers as yet hold Command, but we have expectations of Reclaiming it (in appearance at least) either
                            this Evening or tomorrow morning, however I believe it will be the most advisable measure to Disolve the Line, &
                            Collect it anew, as well and expidiciously as possible.
                        The two Spies were executed yesterday. Pursuant to their Sentance, the Sergt
                            expressed great anxiety to see me before he died—I did not see him—but it was his last Injunction to Inform me that the
                            Intelligence he gave me the preceeding evening, was literally true.
                        I must therefore reiterate my Request that you would be well Guarded (& not commit yourself (so much
                            as you used to do) to the machinations of Assassins or the attempts of Partizans. I have the
                            honor to be with true Esteem your Excellency’s most Obet & very Huml. Sert

                            Anty Wayne

                            I don’t mean by the Disolutions of the lines—their being totally Discharged the Service but—to get rid
                                of the Serjts & furlough such of the men as  it—& Canton the bones of Regiments—in Different parts of the State.


Title: To George Washington from Ezekiel Cheever, 13 January 1781
From: Cheever, Ezekiel
To: Washington, George

                            Hond Sir
                            Springfield January 13th 1781

                        In obedience to your Excellencys Commands Decmr 7th which I recd the first Instant. I, immediately wrote to nd
                            dept Comy Barber at Boston to procure a proper Guard to escort nd Collins and Send him to me at this Post.
                        Last evening Collins came to town under the care of a Sergt & two men, Sergant James Willes prersuant
                            to his orders deliver’d Collins up to me and I lodged him in the County goal as I could not find a better Security.
                        By favor of Genl Knox and his direction I appointed Mr John Collins as dept Comry M. Stores Janry 1778 He to
                            act as my clerk, which He, engaged to do & is, as I hoped,as he professed it would satisffy
                            & animate him to the Chearful and faithful discharge of his duty. but my hopes and expectations where
                            disapointed, he Soon grew Haught & imperious, however I did not belive him Capable of Such ingratitude and
                            Villianous practices as now appear, I must own I Conceived so favourably of him & put too much trust & Confidence
                            in him & have been Very much deceived by him.
                        after he found his ambitious Views frustrated He sett himself, to Traduce & injure me all that his
                            envious proud & haughty Spirit, could devise.
                        I pray your Excellency will be pleased, to indulge me with timely notice of his tryal that I may be prepared
                            with proper Evidence, and beg your orders & directions for my prosecuting the affair. I have the honor to be Your
                            Excellencys, Most Obedient & most Humble Servant

                            Ezekl Cheever D.C.G.M.S.


Title: To George Washington from Nathanael Greene, 13 January 1781
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Camp on Pedee January 13th 1781

                        Your Excellency’s letter of the 13th of Decemr, this day came to hand.
                        It is true, I came to the Southward in expectation of meeting with difficulties but they far exceed what I
                            had any Idea of.
                        This Country is so extensive and supplies are so difficult to obtain that it is impossible to carry on the
                            war any length of time with the Militia. The waste of stores & consumption of provision and forage must ruin any
                            Nation in the universe whose revenue is not greater than ours.
                        A good Army will be appointed and supplied consisting of 4 or 5000 Infantry and about
                            800 or 1000 horse is what is wanted for the defence of this Country, and without which it must be inevitably ruined and
                            lost. With such a force I think the country can be defended with the occasional aid of the Militia, against any force the
                            enemy can maintain in this quarter. Neither they nor we can maintain a great force in this department; unless supplies can
                            be had by a water communication. The Country is so extensive and there is such great barrens, that the natural strength
                            and resources of these States are unequal to the burthen of maintaining a very large force.
                        The Militia have ravaged this quarter in such a manner that it will be with the greatest difficulty we shall
                            be subsisted. The want of money is a great difficulty we meet with in supporting the Army, but the want of arrangement is
                            no less an evil than that.
                        We have but a very little force in the field, and two thirds of them are totally unfit for duty; and unless
                            clothing arrives soon I must disband them. I am persuaded unless the States have it in their power to levy equip and
                            support such an Army as I have mentioned these States are inevitably lost.
                        The detachment which your Excellency mentions as embarking at N. York is arrived at Virginia, as I am this
                            day informed by Baron de Steuben, and are almost as high up James River as Petersburg. We have nothing to oppose them
                            there except the Militia and about 400 18 Months men as ragged and naked as the Virgia blacks. The
                            enemy in this quarter are making great preparations for an immediate movement. Our troops are in such a wretched condition
                            that we can give them little or no opposition. We will do all in our power but the Soldiers have no spirits and it is
                            impossible they should in their present situation. I wish the enemy would give us a little more time to prepare ourselves.
                            However I don’t intend to be drove out of N. Carolina if I can possibly avoid it and if Virginia will furnish the
                            provision I have requested to be deposited upon Roanoke we will hold one corner at all events.
                        Baron Steuben wrote me that he met with insuperable difficulties in his attempts to arrange the Virginia
                            line. I have written to General Scott at Charles town to collect the wishes and intentions of the Officers in Captivity.
                            If there are as many in proportion to their numbers as there are here who wish to go home there will be few left.
                        I have had the resolutions of Congress respecting specific supplies and shall make my requisitions
                            accordingly.
                        Inclosed is an extract of a letter from Genl Morgan confirming the account given in his former letter, an
                            extract of which is enclosed in my Letter written to go by Genl Du Portail who has been obtained a few days for want of
                            Horses.
                        It is my opinion if the French fleet and Army at Rhode Island could be induced to push into Chesepeak bay
                            they would have it in their power to ruin the fleet and army with General Phillips. The Southern States are in a critical
                            situation and great exertions of some hazard are necessary to save them; this is not only my opinion, but General Du
                            Portail’s. I am With great respect Your Excellency’s Most Obedient Humble Servant

                            Nath. Greene

                     Enclosure

                                Dear Sir,
                                Camp on Pacolet Jan. 4th 1781

                            The account in my last of Lt Colonel Washington’s success at Hammond’s stores is as authentic as any I
                                have been able to collect. It was followed by some small advantages. Genl Cunningham on hearing of Waters’s defeat
                                prepared to evacuate Fort Williams & had just marched out with the last of the Garrison, as a party of about
                                40 Militia horsemen under Col. Hays and 10 Dragoons under Mr Simmons arrived with an intention of demanding a
                                surrender. The Enemy’s force were so superior to theirs that they could effect nothing more than the demolition of the
                                Fort. I am Dr Sir Your Most Obed. Servt

                                Danl Morgan


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Huntington, 13 January 1781
From: Huntington, Samuel
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Philadelphia January 13 1781

                        Your Excellency will receive enclosed an Act of Congress of the 12th Instant, ascertaining the Pay &
                            Appointments of the Officers in the Department of Commissary General of Military Stores—the Officers & Men of the
                            Regiment of Artillery Artificers—the field Commissary of Military Stores and his Subordinate Officers; the Commanding
                            Officer of Artillery—the Surveyor of Ordnance—the additional Pay of Aids de Camp—Brigade Majors, Adjutants &
                            Regimental Pay Masters—and Regimental Pay Master & Clothier. I have the Honor to be with the highest Respect your
                            Excellency’s most obedt & most hbble Servant

                            Sam. Huntington President

                            P.S. I have been Honored with your Excellency’s dispatches of the 2d & 6th instant.


Title: To George Washington from John Sullivan, 13 January 1781
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Trenton Jany 13th 1781

                        I have only time to Inform Your Excey by Colo. Smith that the British Spies have been Executed The
                            Commissioners are now Busy in adjusting the Claims of redressing the Grievances of the Pensylvania Troops and now Trust
                            That Every Danger of Defections is past. I have the honor to be most respectfully your Excys most obedt Servt

                            by order of the Comte Jno Sullivan Cmn


Title: To George Washington from Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 13 January 1781
From: Trumbull, Jonathan, Sr.
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Lebanon 13th Janry 1781

                        I have the Honor to acknowlege the Receipt of your Excellency’s Favor of the 20th of Decemr inclosing the
                            Return of the Connecticut Line of Soldiers engaged to serve during the War—I have also received that ⅌ Genl
                            Knox—& with extream Regret I observed its Subject—The Consideration of the last Letter will be taken up with much
                            Attention—& I hope Measures will be adopted, to give full satisfaction to the Connecticut Line of the Army & by that
                            Means prevent so unhappy an Event as has been already experienced again takg Place or receiving any Extension in our Line.
                        I now inclose a Resolution of Congress respectg the Garrison at Wioming—I have not a Doubt but Your
                            Excellency is fully sensible of the Importance of that Post, not only for the Protection of the Inhabitants in its
                            Vicinity but as a Barrier to the Frontier in General—and hope you will furnish a Garrison for the same as soon as you may
                            deem convenient agreable to the Terms of the Resolution.I am with much Regard & Esteem Your Excellencys most
                            assurd & Obedt Servant

                            Jonth; Trumbull


Title: From George Washington to William Heath, 14 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor Jany 14th 1781

                        Your favor of the 10th was received this Morning. I was last at West Point—a variety of avocations have prevented
                            my acknowledging it untill this time.
                        With respect to the Soldiers who have been Prisoners, I have to observe, that I think it reasonable, the
                            indulgence of Furloughs should be granted to those whose circumstances require it, and for whose return their Officers can
                            become in a great measure responsible—I do not know particularly what Cloathing there is remaining in the Store, but such
                            as there is, may be issued, so far as will make them comfortable.
                        I have no objection to the Experiments Major Bauman proposes, but would have them delayed, untill the present
                            disturbances have subsided.
                        When the arrangement of the Massachusetts Brigade was made, it was upon the supposition that the Regiments would
                            derive their rank from the Commanding Officers—but I would not even now wish to make any alteration without having your
                            opinion on the expediency of it. I should therefore be glad you would consult (not in a formal way, for I have no idea of
                            there being a military propriety in doing this, tho I never want inclination to accommodate Matters to the wishes of
                            every Officer, as far as the general good will allow) with such Officers as you think proper and give me the best
                            information you are able to obtain on the subject.
                        I have received your two Letters of the 12th also that of the 13th—I have advised the Commissary General of
                            the alarming state of our supplies—have directed him to write in the most pressing Manner, and send Expresses to the New
                            England States, and to use every possible exertion to have the Beef Cattle forwarded without delay.
                        The subject of yours of yesterday, is of so delicate a nature, that I am almost afraid it will be productive
                            of ill consequences to have it handled, even by the most prudent Officers, in the most cautious manner. To seem to draw
                            into question, the fidelity and firmness of the Soldiers, or even to express a doubt of their obedience, may occasion such
                            a relaxation of Discipline, as would not otherwise exist—I could wish to have these Matters treated with the greatest
                            prudence by the Officers, and not conversed upon, before their Domestics, as I am apprehensive has some times incautiously
                            been practiced.
                        Since writing the foregoing, I have recd a Letter from the Quarter Master General expressing the uneasiness
                            of the Officers of his Department, who were to draw their Provisions by Your Order of the 13th thro the Medium of Col.
                            Hazen; And enclosing a Resolution of Congress authorising the Deputies & Assistants to the Quarter Master General to
                            draw Provisions on their Own Orders—As all I had in view, was to prevent impositions, on the Public, (and I am conscious
                            you was actuated by the same principle alone) possibly it may be sufficient to make the Head of the Department at the Post
                            responsible for the whole—I think however that may be, it will be best to suspend the execution of the Order respecting
                            that Department, untill the hurry of business is over, so that I may converse with you on the subject. I am Dear Sir your
                            Most Obed. Hble Servt

                            Go: Washington

                            P.S. Altho it is not probable the Detachment will March, yet I would have it kept in readiness—In the mean
                                time, the opening the new Road is of so great importance, that it ought not to be neglected, and will not I believe
                                under the present circumstances interfere too much with the design of the Detachment—Since Genl Wayne informs me the
                                Spies were given up and the affair was likely to be settled.