Title: To John Adams from Jean Luzac, 11 December 1795
From: Luzac, Jean
To: Adams, John

					Monsieur,
					Leyde le 11. Dec. 1795.

				Le départ de mon Beau-Frère Govert—Jean van Persyn pour l’Amérique-Unie me met enfin dans le cas de remplir un devoir, que les circonstances du tems, ma vie extrémement occupée, & l’effet que cet ensemble a produit sur mon esprit, m’ont trop longtems fait négliger. Il y a deux ans sur-tout, que, placé à mon tour à la tête de notre Université, & ce tour tombant au milieu des tems de la plus grande fermentation, Ensuite dans ceux de la nouvelle Révolution qui l’a suivie, j’ai été accablé de soins & et d’inquiétude.—Je ne dissimule point à Votre Excellence, que dans cet intervalle j’ai été plongé dans une profonde mélancholie, & que, plus j’ai toujours été Ami de la Liberté, plus j’ai frémi de voir adopter généralement, parmi ceux qui s’en déclaroient les Défenseurs dans ma Patrie, comme en France, le principe, “that the People have a right to do, whatever they choose.” Je pensois avec un des Hommes le plus expert en fait de Législation, “that, indeed, the People may break the bands of Society in the forms of Despotism, because such is their pleasure; that they may indeed go through the opération by the plenitude of their irresistible power; but that the Nation will meet with ample punishment in their own misery, and the Leader’s who delude them, in the detestation of their own Posterity.”—A l’approche de l’époque où tout indiquoit, que nous allions faire l’expérience de ces tristes vérités (& cette époque je l’ai prévuë depuis trois ans et demi) j’ai perdu mon ancienne activité; & ma santé en a souffert. Voilà, Monsieur, la raison, qui m’a fait différer de jour en jour de vous témoigner par Lettre particulière ce respect & cette reconnoissance pour tous les égards, que vous avez eu pour moi, dont j’espère de faire un jour publiquement la profession. Cette époque, dont je viens de parler, si critique pour nous, est enfin venuë, non moins que celle qui a résolu le Problème, que Votre Excellence m’a proposé dans une de ses Lettres. Après avoir éprouvé toutes les horreurs, qui devoient suivre de la concentration de tous les pouvoirs dans une seule Assemblée nombreuse & populaire, la France en est enfin venuë à ce Système des deux Chambres, si décrié par ceux, aux yeux desquels tout ordre, toute subordination, toute balance dans le Gouvernement est Aristocratie: Le tems nous apprendra, si une aussi immense République subsistera longtems sans la troisième Branche, dont certainement on peut se passer à Genève, dans les Vallées d’Appinzell, & dans tout Pays, qui leur rassemblerà  L’expérience, qu’ont faite les François, étoit pour ma Patrie une leçon utile, mais terrible.—Et cependant ma Patrie va courir la même carrière: Une Convention-Nationale, absolument modélée sur celle de France, doit nous procurer la Liberté & le bonheur—“They know not, what a more than Herculean task it is, to unite the opinions of a free People, upon any system of Government whatever.”Dans ces circonstances la Providence semble avoir préparé les Etats-Unis de l’Amérique, pour être l’asyle de tous ceux, qui aiment la Liberté avec le bon-ordre, & pour lesquels il n’existe pas de Liberté, là où les Loix ne gouvernent point, mais les Hommes. Bientôt cette classe d’Individus ne sera plus propre pour l’atmosphère de l’Europe: Bientôt, après avoir parcouru tout le cercle depuis le Pouvoir arbitraire d’un seul, en passant sous le Pouvoir arbitraire de la multitude, l’on reviendra par-tout au point, d’où l’on étoit parti: Et les Législateurs, nourris des principes de Thomas Payne & Rousseau, après avoir fait faire aux Nations l’épreuve d’un idéal, qui n’exista jamais parmi les Hommes avec leurs passions & leurs excès, ne recueilliront de tant de sang répandu, de tant de misère versée sur notre partie du Globe, que ce que dit l’illustre Ecrivain, dont j’ai emprunté les paroles,—the detestation of our Posterity.Pénétré de ces principes, Monsieur, j’irois chercher près de vous, près de l’illustre Washington, près de Jean Jay & d’autres Hommes de cette trempe le contentement d’esprit, la tranquillité, qui nous fuit ici. Mais ma carrière, consacrée d’ailleurs à un genre de travail, dont je ne puis aisément me décharger, est déjà trop avancée, pour que je puisse me résoudre à quitter ma Patrie: Ma façon de penser néanmoins se montre dans les conseils, que j’ai données au Porteur de la Présente, mon Beau-Frère, le plus jeune des Frères de mon Epouse. Lieutenant au Régiment des Gardes, nommé Capitaine d’une Compagnie d’Infanterie par les Etats de Hollande en 1787. honoré de leur confiance dans plusieurs Commissions particulières, il perdit son rang, une partie de ses Biens, & sa fortune dans la Révolution de cette année-là, qui nous prépara celle de Janvier 1795. Il passa au service de France; & il a fait, comme Capitaine d’une Compagnie, toutes les Campagnes de 1792. jusqu’au mois de Mars dernier. Il est peu d’Actions dans les Pays-Bas, où il ne se soit trouvé: Rappellé alors en Hollande avec tous les Officiers Bataves, qui servoient chez les François, pour être placé de nouveau dans l’Armée, qu’on formoit, il a partagé le sort d’un nombre des plus braves gens, qui dédaignoient d’intriguer & de ramper, pour obtenir des Places: Ce qu’on appelle chez nous l’Armée, a été organisé; & il n’a point été question de lui: Il n’a pas voulu rester à la Pension; il a simplement demandé un dédommagement pour ce qu’il avoit perdu, l’a obtenu, & s’est déterminé, principalement d’après mes conseils, à aller employer ce qui lui reste pour s’établir au milieu de vous. Permettez, Monsieur, que je réclame l’amitié, dont Votre Excellence m’a toujours honorè, du faveur dont Providence  est provisoirement maître d’un petit Capital de 6. à 7. mille Florins, Argent de Hollande, afin de commencer tel Etablissement, pour lequel on le croiroit propre: Je m’engage pour tout le crédit, dont il pourroit avoir besoin, à cette concurrence: Et j’espère, que, s’il étoit besoin, vous voudrez bien attester tant ma garantie que ma suffisance à cet égard.Agréez aussi, Monsieur, que, comme une legère marque de mon respect, je vous offre un Exemplaire des Dissertations, que j’ai successivement publiées pour l’exercice de la Jeunesse dans cette Université, & que j’en ajoute un autre Exemplaire pour l’Academie de Cambridge, que j’espère que vous voudrez bien leur faire parvenir avec la Lettre ci-incluse.Je ne cesserai d’être toute ma vie avec les sentimens les plus vrais  & les plus respectueux, / Monsieur, / de Votre Excellence / Le très-humble & / très-obéissant serviteur,

					Jean Luzac.


Title: From John Blanck to John Adams, 12 December 1795
From: Blanck, John
To: Adams, John,United States Senate

				To His Excellency the V President of the United States, and President of Senate; and the Senate of the United States—The Petition of John Blanck—
					Sheweth
					Philadelphia 12th: 1795.
				That your Petitioner John Blanck after much study, pains & expence hath found out & Invented a New Hydrostatic Pump, or Engine that will be found superior to any other ever before made or Invented, as it will discharge double the Quantity than any other, hitherto known, in the same given space of time, of the same Diameter & length of Stroke. Your Petitioner humbly begs leave to state the peculiar advantages resulting from the use of this Engine on board Ships in the rapidity with which it discharges this double Quantity from a Ships Hold, in drawing water from the Sea for washing Decks & other necessary purposes & in light airs of wind will play a constant stream of water into the Topsails, & will be found of infinite service in extinguishing Fires either in Ships at sea, or Buildings on Land; your Petitioner further presumes to state that by Reversing the Pistons with their Valves downwards it will play a Constant Stream of fresh Air into the Hold or between Decks, which must necessarily tend greatly to promote the health of both Passengers & Ship’s Crew, & prevent those fatal disorders which arise from stagnant & exhausted Air, particularly so in those Ships employed in the African Trade. Your Petitioner further states that the advantages of his Engine are immense in raining water from Deep Mines, where Steam Engines are employed, as it will save one half the Expence of fire in working them; to Distillers, Brewers, Soap Boilers Tanners, & every other branch of Business where pumps are used, this Engine must be highly serviceable, as by its construction a great proportion of labour will be saved; & what must be considered as a very striking advantage which this Engine possesses over all others is, that from the simplicity of its Construction it is not liable to be out of Order & is warranted never to Choke, nor will the Boxes require to be drawn out, or New Leatherd, as they are leatherd without Nails, & will be found to last many years; tho’ kept in constant use—it will also be found of the utmost Importance to substitute this Hydrostatic Pump in the stead of the Common Pump in this City, New York, & all other large towns in the United States as it takes up no more Room than any other Pumps, & will serve for all the common & extraordinary uses of the Inhabitants—in case of that dreadful & destructive calamity Fire, by putting a Leather Hose, or Leader, with a Pump to screw on the Muzzle of the Pump, it will be a Compleat Engine, & will play as much Water as any Fire Engine & to as much Effect. It will also compleatly answer the purpose of watering the Streets in the dry & sultry season of Summer. Your Petitioner humbly begs leave to state that this Pump may be composed of Brass, Copper, Mixt Mettle, Wood, or Iron, & that he has also made a further Improvement on Pumps on Engines whereby he can raise as much water as Four Pumps in the Common way, by one Pump only & that it shall be no larger in Diameter & Length of Stroke than one of the said Four Pumps which will also be found to be very serviceable in Deep Mines, & may be applied to a variety of useful Purposes.Your Petitioner therefore relying with the fullest Confidence in your wisdom, public spirit & generosity, solicits your countenance & support in carrying his Invention into Effect. This your Petitioner earnestly hopes you will enable him to do by granting him a Patent for such a length of time as you in your great wisdom may think fit; by thus rewarding the Inventors of useful tools & bringing forward labours & Improvements of great public utility you will confer a lasting obligation on your Petitioner who as in Duty bound will ever pray &c. &c. &c. &c.

					John Blanck.


Title: To John Adams from Richard Harrison, 16 December 1795
From: Harrison, Richard
To: Adams, John

Dear Sir
Decr. 16. 1795

According to an Opinion of the Attorney General, taken some time since, your Salary, as Vice-President of the United States, is to commence from the day on which you left home for the Seat of Government, after your first Election—
Being now about to state your Accot. to the 30th. Sept: last I take the liberty of requesting information, from you when that day was, no record of it appearing in the Journals of the Senate.
With sentiments of great Respect & Esteem, I have the honor to be / Dr Sir / Y. obed & very hble S

R. Harrison


Title: To John Adams from Samuel Meredith, 16 December 1795
From: Meredith, Samuel
To: Adams, John

Sir,
Treasury of the United States Decr. 16. 1795

My Specie accounts ending the 31st. Decemr. 1794 31st. March and 30th. June 1795 and the War Department accounts ending 31st. March 30th. June and 30th. September 1795, having passed the Office permit me thro you to lay them before the Senate.
My Specie account for the last quarter ending the 30th September, will in a few days pass the Treasury as Soon as it is Compleated I Shall likewise take the earliest Opportunity of Submitting it to your inspection.
I have the honor to be / With perfect esteem / Sir / Your very hume servt

Saml. Meredith Treasof the United States


Title: From Commissioners of the Sinking Fund to United States Congress, 18 December 1795
From: Commissioners of the Sinking Fund
To: United States Congress

December 18 1795

The Commissioners of the Sinking Fund Respectfully report to Congress, as follows.
That pursuant to the Act entitled “An Act supplementary to the Act making provision for the debt of the United States” and in conformity to Resolutions agreed upon by them and severally approved, by the President of the United States they have caused purchases of the said debt to be made through the Agency of Samuel Meredith Esquire Treasurer of the United States, subsequent to their Report—dated the 18th. day of November 1794, to the amount of Forty two thousand, six hundred thirty nine Dollars and fourteen Cents, for which there have been paid including a sum of One hundred & sixty Dollars allowed for Commissions on purchases formerly made and reported, the sum of Thirty seven thousand six hundred twelve dollars and thirty seven Cents in Specie
That the documents accompanying this Report marked A. B. C. shew the Aforesaid purchases generally and in detail, including the places where, the times when, the prices at which, and the persons of whom the purchases were made—
That the purchases now and heretofore Reported amount together to two Millions, three hundred, seven thousand, six hundred sixty one Dollars and seventy one Cents for which there have been paid in Specie, One Million six hundred eighteen thousand nine hundred thirty six dollars & four Cents, as will more particularly appear from the document marked A.—
That there remains at this time in the hands of their said Agent the sum of Seventy thousand Nine hundred sixty eight Dollars and fifteen Cents, arising from Dividends subsequent to the first day of April last on Stock heretofore purchased and redeemed, which sum with the Dividends to be made thereon at the close of the present Year, & other funds Appropriated by Law, will be applied on the first day of January ensuing, to the reimbursement of the Six per Cent Stock bearing a present Interest, pursuant to the directions contained in the Act entitled “An Act making further provision for the support of Public Credit and for the redemption of the public Debt.”—
On behalf of the Board

John Adams


Title: To John Adams from Hezekiah Balch, 21 December 1795
From: Balch, Hezekiah
To: Adams, John

Sir,
Philada.— Decembr. 21st.— 1795

Learning in our country has been hitherto sadly neglected—Those of us who wish to promote it, are very poor—Providence has inclined the hearts of a number to help us—I intend to wait on the members of Congress with our subscription—
We have understood, that you, Sir, are very friendly to the promotion of learning—
Your name at our subscription, would be of unbounded service—
I am, Sir, with profound respect your most obednt. & very humble servt.

Hezekiah Balch


Title: To John Adams from Isaac Shelby, 23 December 1795
From: Shelby, Isaac
To: Adams, John

Sir,
State of Kentucky Decr. 23rd 1795

A Resolution of the Legislature of this State, passed on the 21 Inst. directs, “that the Governor shall transmit to the Senate of the United States, a Memorial Respecting Humphrey Marshall, a Senator from this State, in the Congress of the United States.” I now have the honor of complying with that Resolution by inclosing the said Memorial, together with those Numbers of the Kentucky Gazette which contain the Publications therein alluded to, and of requesting that they may be laid before the Senate for their consideration.
With every sentiment of respect and esteem I have the Honor to be, / Sir, / Your Most Obedient, / Humble Servant,

Isaac Shelby.


Title: From Commissioners of the Sinking Fund to United States Congress, 26 December 1795
From: Commissioners of the Sinking Fund
To: United States Congress

26 Dec. 1795

At a meeting of the Commissioners of the Sinking Fund, on the 26th day of December, 1795,
Present: The President of the Senate,
The Secretary of State,
The Secretary of the Treasury.
A report of the Secretary of the Treasury was read, as follows:
“That, to provide for the payment of the interest on the public debt, which will fall due at the close of the present year, it will be necessary to anticipate the appropriated revenues to the amount of five hundred thousand dollars.
“The authority to make a loan for this purpose is contained in the first section of an act, passed on the 3d day of March, 1795, entitled ‘An act making further provision for the support of public credit, and for the redemption of the public debt.’
“The Secretary proposes, that the said loan be had of the Bank of the United States, for one year, to bear interest from the 1st day of January, ensuing, at the rate of six per centum per annum, to be refunded out of the proceeds of the duties on goods, wares, and merchandise, imported, on the tonnage of ships and vessels, and upon spirits distilled in the United States, and stills, which may accrue to the end of the present year, and be then uncollected.
“That the commissioners may be satisfied, as to the real state of the treasury, at the latest period to which the accounts have been settled, he takes the liberty to lay before them, a copy of his report, made to the House of Representatives, on the 14th instant, in which the receipts and expenditures for the three first quarters of the present year are exhibited, and also, a view of the probable receipts and expenditures for the year 1796.
“Wherefore, the said Secretary requests that the board of commissioners of the sinking fund would resolve, that an application be made to the President of the United States, for his permission to the Secretary of the Treasury to borrow five hundred thousand dollars, on the terms and conditions before mentioned, to be applied in the manner herein proposed.”
Whereupon, it was resolved, unanimously, That the sum of five hundred thousand dollars be borrowed by the Secretary of the Treasury, for a term not exceeding one year, at the rate of interest not exceeding six per centum per annum, to commence on the first of January, 1796, pursuant to the first section of the act, entitled “An act making further provision for the support of public credit, and for the redemption of the public debt;” and that this resolution be laid before the President of the United States, for his approbation.
John Adams, President of the Senate,Timothy Pickering, Secretary of State,Oliver Wolcott, Jr. Secretary of the Treasury.December 20th, 1795.Approved:Geo. Washington.


Title: To John Adams from George Taylor, Jr., 31 December 1795
From: Taylor, George, Jr.
To: Adams, John

31. December. 1795.

Geo. Taylor Jr. presents his respectful compliments to the Vice President of the United States.—In perusing some late London papers which were received at the Department of State this morning, G .T. Jr. found a paragraph relative to Dr. Kippis’s having “said that the American Congress issued orders to their cruisers to seize Capt. Cook, if they had an opportunity of doing so.” He read it with great pleasure; and as the Vice President took much pains in order to remove the odium which Dr. Kippis’s assertion naturally threw on Congress under the Confederation, and may not have seen the Courier of October 26th: G. T. Jr. takes the liberty of inclosing a copy of the paragraph.


Title: To John Adams from John Quincy Adams, 1 January 1796
From: Adams, John Quincy
To: Adams, John

My Dear Sir.
London January 1. 1796.

I wrote you so copiously, a few days since, that I can embrace the present opportunity only to offer the tribute of my duty and affection on the commencement of the new year, and to enclose a few papers and a review which may perhaps afford an hour of amusement.
No news of importance has transpired since the date of my last Letter. The communication between the Continent and this island is at present interrupted more than usual from the inclemency of the Season, and from an Embargo, which it is said has been extended to all the Ports in France. It is certain at least that there have been during the last ten or twelve days no arrivals from thence.
Our accounts from America are as late as the beginning of December. We expect therefore by the first arrivals to hear of the meeting of Congress. There is so much depending upon the event of their proceedings, that we are waiting with anxious impatience to hear what they will be.
I remain with every affectionate and grateful Sentiment, your Son

John Q. Adams


Title: To John Adams from John Quincy Adams, 7 January 1796
From: Adams, John Quincy
To: Adams, John

My Dear Sir
London January 7. 1796.

I have a few papers to send you, and cannot omit the occasion to say a few words, though I have but very few to say.
Our own affairs are at a stand. Mr: Pinckney will be here in the course of this week, and I have not chosen to do any thing conclusive before his return.—I believe there are people here, who like Publicola much better than they think of its reputed author. You have long known, that a real republican, will never be a favourite at a Court. It must be a very extraordinary accident, that can give him favour even with the people.
The present is a moment of political stagnation. The intercourse from France is restored; but no very important information has come from thence of late. The forced loan, is collecting with unexpected facility, and in general an uncommon degree of tranquility prevails.
The long expected battle on the Rhine, is yet expected. Nothing material had happened there on the 18th: of last month.—you will observe in the papers that Trincomale is taken.—Lo! another proof of commercial ambition. The Spices of Ceylon are worth engrossing.—Poor Holland. Oh! Had she but known how to be neutral.
The prospects of Peace, in which I have never placed much faith have vanished almost entirely. Another campaign is to be tried. I can hardly think it will go beyond that.
Your affectionate Son.
John Q. Adams.


Title: To John Adams from Samuel Meredith, 8 January 1796
From: Meredith, Samuel
To: Adams, John

Sir
Treasury of the United States January 8th. 1796

My Specie Account for the quarter ending the 30th: September 1795 having passed the Offices permit me, through you, to lay it before the Honorable the Senate, and to assure you that / I am Sir / Your very humble servant

            Saml Meredith Treas.
              of the United States


Title: To John Adams from Timothy Pickering, 16 January 1796
From: Pickering, Timothy
To: Adams, John

State of the Fortifications of the United States.War Office, January 16th, 1796.

Portland, in the District of Maine.—The works consist of a fort, a citadel, a battery for ten pieces of cannon, an artillery store, a guard house, an air furnace for heating shot, and a covered way from the fort to the battery.
The works are substantially executed, excepting the covered way; to complete this, the earth on the spot being of a bad quality, with the necessary supports of stones and sods, is estimated at four hundred dollars. Levelling the earth round the works, fencing the land pertaining to them, a pump for the well, painting the wood work, and rendering the whole perfectly complete, the estimate is four hundred and seventy-one dollars, in the whole eight hundred and seventy-one dollars.
Portsmouth, New Hampshire.—The works consist of a fort, a citadel, an artillery store, and a reverberatory furnace. These are all completed, excepting a little carpenters’ work, suspended to let the wood season, and which may cost about fifty dollars. But a small and unforeseen expense must be incurred, for a drain to carry the water from the magazine, and may cost one hundred dollars.
Gloucester, (Cape Ann.)—The works consist of a battery and a citadel. These are completed. But to enclose the fort, towards the town, the cost is estimated at one thousand four hundred dollars. This, however, may be postponed till circumstances require it to be done.
Salem.—The works, consisting of a fort and citadel, have been erected.
A gate remains to be made, and some repairs to the walls.
Marblehead.—A battery and a citadel have been erected. Any other works may be suspended until circumstances shall change.
Newport, in Rhode Island.—For the defence of this harbor there have been erected, on Goat Island, a fort, a citadel, and an air furnace. The excellency and importance of this harbor, in time of war, recommend a further expenditure, to render the defence complete. To finish the fort, erect an artillery store, and make a covered way round it, as in a regular fortification, the expense is estimated at about six thousand dollars.
There have also been erected a citadel on Tammany Hill, back of the town of Newport, for the protection of its inhabitants, and a battery and guard house, at Howland’s Ferry, at the northern end of the island; to keep open a communication with the main, in case of an invasion. But, to secure effectually this communication, a citadel should be erected on Butts’ Hill, that position commanding Howland’s Ferry and Bristol Ferry. The cost of it is estimated at eighteen hundred dollars.
New London.—The works consist of a fort and a citadel, on the Groton side of the harbor, and a fort, a citadel, and an air furnace, on the New London side. They remain incomplete. Under present circumstances, a small expenditure may be proper, merely to preserve what has been done.
New York.—Governor’s Island has been fortified with a fort made of earth, and two batteries under its protection, partly lined with brick masonry, two air furnaces, a large powder magazine, and a barrack for the garrison; the whole completed.
Philadelphia.— A large pier, as the foundation for a battery, on a sand bar, opposite Mud Island, to make a cross fire, has been completed. A fort, on Mud Island, is about half done, and a citadel has been erected to complete the fort, and on a plan much more circumscribed than was at first projected. The expense is estimated at fifteen thousand dollars.
Wilmington, in the Delaware State.—Nothing has been done. The project of erecting a fort there has been abandoned as useless.
Baltimore.—A battery and barracks have been constructed, and some guns are mounted.
Annapolis.—Some progress had been made in the construction of a fort and battery, and a barrack has been erected. But an examination of the works by an engineer, other than the one first employed, produced an unfavorable report of the plan of the works; and, under actual circumstances, induced a reliquishment of them.
A similar report as to the plan and situation of the work at
Alexandria, induced a like reliquishment.
Norfolk.—Two forts, intended to cross their fire, are erected on the opposite sides of the harbor. The one on the Norfolk side, with barracks and a powder magazine, is completed. The other, Fort Nelson, on the Portsmouth side, is very far advanced, and a powder magazine has been erected. The principal work remaining to be done is the opening of seven embrasures, completing one ditch of three hundred and sixty feet long, cutting another eleven hundred feet long, completing the glacis, and removing the earth from within side of the fort, where it is two feet and an half too high. The expense of doing this, and completing the fortification, may be estimated at five thousand dollars.
Ocracoke, in North Carolina.—The defence proposed was, to erect a fort on Beacon Island. The foundation was laid in 1794. The situation is so far removed (about ninety miles) from any inhabitants, and so exposes any works to injuries from storms, that nothing but an impending or actual war would seem to authorize the construction of a fort there, and furnishing it with a proper garrison.
Wilmington, in North Carolina.—The battery, on the whole front of the fort, has been completed, and a barrack and powder magazine have been erected.
Georgetown, South Carolina.—A battery was begun, and materials collected, when the work was suspended, the owner of the land previously desiring to ascertain the terms on which it was to be occupied, for the fortification and for the road of communication with it. The unhealthiness of the situation and other circumstances authorize an abandonment of the work until war, actual or impending, shall require it to be resumed.
Charleston, South Carolina.—The work planned for Sullivan’s Island, of which the foundation only was laid, in 1794, being on a scale supposed too extensive for the funds destined to this service, was directed to be left as it was. For the same reason, a new work, proposed by the engineer, on a point on the opposite side of the harbor from Fort Johnston, was not attempted. A battery has been erected in the town, by the mechanics.
There remained only Fort Johnston, on which directions were given to make such repairs as would preserve the works already constructed, and render them serviceable. The engineer omitted the work.
The officer in command at the fort has undertaken to make the necessary repairs of the works and barracks, and his intelligence and experience leave no room to doubt but these will be done.
Savannah, in Georgia.—The work consists of a battery, at present destined only for six guns, made of timber filled with earth, and enclosed behind with pickets, with a guard house for the garrison, which were in train to be completed early the last autumn.
St. Mary’s, in Georgia.—The work consists of a battery made of timbers filled with earth, and enclosed with pickets. By the personal report of the superintendent it must have been completed.
General Remark.—The few ports of the highest importance to the commerce of the United States, in situations to demand, for their security, fortifications of such kind and extent as cannot suddenly be erected, prudence may require to have fortified, in time of peace, and with durable materials.

TIMOTHY PICKERING.


Title: To John Adams from Thomas Lee Shippen, 18 January 1796
From: Shippen, Thomas Lee
To: Adams, John

Prune St. No. 10. Jany 18. 1796—

Mr: Thomas Lee Shippen presents his most respectful compliments to the Vice President, and is very sorry that he cannot immediately comply with the request contained in his note of yesterday. As soon as Mr: S. can either go into the Country where all his books are at present, or send a servant there who can be trusted in his library, the Vice President may be assured Mr: S. will not Fail to return a book which was so kindly lent and which has been so long by shameful neglect in his possession.
Mr. S. would have answered the Vice President’s note yesterday but his health was so bad as to keep him almost all day in his bed. He is rather better this morning, and cannot help indulging a hope that he shall have the pleasure very soon of seeing the Vice President at his rooms, as the same causes continue to prevent his going out to see any body which have so long unmerciifully confined him.


Title: To John Adams from William Stephens Smith, 21 January 1796
From: Smith, William Stephens
To: Adams, John

Dear Sir.
New York Jany. 21st. 1796.

I take the liberty of introducing to your acquaintance the Bearer of this, Mr. Wm: Langworthy, Author of a much approved work entitled "an Attempt to promote the Commercial interest of Great Britain,” a Copy of which, I believe he presented you with he is a Gent. of Science and abilities, who has been invited to this Country, as a proper theatre for the exercise of his talents and who lately arrived in this City with his family—disgusted with the scenes in the old world, he seeks tranquility in the new, and proposes to make our Country the place of his future residence—He was the intimate friend and Companion of Mr. Cranch in England & I believe is some how related to the family—he is ambitious of paying his respects to the President, to whom he wishes to present his Book. Both yourself & The President will find him a Gent. of extensive information, & whose talents may probably be used to great national advantage, will you do me the favour of permitting him to accompany you to the Levee, and presenting him to The President, or if he should be admitted to a private interview, I think The President will not consider the time misspent—The Children are all getting well over the measles & Mrs: Smith enjoys her usual good health, & Joins me in sincere wishes for your health & Happiness. I am Dr. Sir / Your most Obdt. Servt.
W: S: Smith


Title: To John Adams from Thomas Welsh, 25 January 1796
From: Welsh, Thomas
To: Adams, John

Dear Sir
Boston Jany 25. 1796

I do not take the Chronicle, but as it contains the Answer of the two Houses to the Governors speech I thought I would enclose it to you. Mr. Sprague was the Chairman of the Committee and would have red it but  leave of Absence it devolved on Dr Jarvis to read it. The Governor made a very submissive, short and extemporaneous reply "that he did mean to be understood to intend to dictate to the House upon the subject of the Treaty and that he only spoke in his private Capacity." upon the whole the Governor appears to have lost his Reason, his Health and almost his public Influence. I am Sr. with respect your Humble St.
Thomas Welsh


Title: From John Adams to John Jay, 31 January 1796
From: Adams, John
To: Jay, John

Dear Sir
Philadelphia January 31. 1796

Dr D’Ivernois continues to send Us his Speculations, which I value the more for giving me an opportunity to congratulate you, on the Durability and impenetrability of the Anvil, while so many hammers are wearing themselves out by their strokes upon it. The Treaty is not arrived and Congress will do nothing with spirit till they have vented themselves upon that. But all their Hammers will be as brittle as the multitude which we have already seen fly to pieces.
I envy you the society of your Family and nothing else? If I did not consider the whole universe as one Family, I Should envy you still more. I am, dear Sir / very sincerely and faithfully / yours
John Adams


Title: From John Adams to Thomas Jefferson, 31 January 1796
From: Adams, John
To: Jefferson, Thomas

Dear Sir
Philadelphia January 31. 1796

I have received from our old Acquaintance D’Ivernois the inclosed volume for you in the course of the last Week.
I consider all Reasoning upon French affairs of little moment. The Fates must determine hereafter as they have done heretofore. Reasoning has been all lost—Passion, Prejudice, Interest, Necessity has governed and will govern; and a Century must roll away before any permanent and quiet system will be established. An Amelioration of human affairs I hope and believe will be the Result, but you and I must look down from the Battlements of Heaven if We ever have the Pleasure of seeing it.
The Treaty is not arrived and Congress seems averse to engage in Business with spirit till that is considered.
I envy you the society of your Family but another year and one Month may make me the object of Envy. Mean time / I am, with Esteem & Affection / your
John Adams


Title: To John Adams from John Quincy Adams, 1 February 1796
From: Adams, John Quincy
To: Adams, John

My Dear Sir
London February 1. 1796.

Mr: Pinckney has returned, and of course my business here ceases. I am yet waiting however for orders enabling me to return to the Hague. I expect them with a little impatience, having many reasons to wish myself away from hence.
The newspapers sent herewith contain intelligence of two important Events. The armistice concluded between the french and Austrian armies on the Rhine; and the return into Port of the famous West India expedition. It remains as yet uncertain whether the former is a presage of speedy pacification, or a mere agreement to take a breathing spell during the extremity of the Season. As a neutral Nation deeply interested in the fate of the West Indies, we I think may consider the failure of the formidable apparatus of this Country, as a favourable Event. While Britain weakens by War, and America strengthens by Peace, every true American must feel a double satisfaction.
I am with the most grateful affection, your Son.
J. Q. Adams.


Title: From John Adams to Thomas Welsh, 2 February 1796
From: Adams, John
To: Welsh, Thomas

My Dear Sir
Philadelphia Feb. 2. 1796

I thank you for your favour of the 25th Ult. and its Contents.
A Governor of a State in a Solemn Speech to both Houses, at the opening of a session, expressing a private Opinion only of a Treaty and that in the most rude insulting and unmeasured Language is such a Complication of Imbecility Hypocricy and Superannuation, As I never heard of.
I pray that my Country may take from me all temptation to remain in Office after the App before the Approach of Dotage shall take from me the Capacity of doing any thing but Mischief to the Public and dishonour to my Character.
Whatever Tenderness of Friendship I may feel for a Gadsden a Rutledge a Dickinson, a Warren or an Adams, with all of whom I have acted on the Public Stage in earlier Life, I am Stunned and astonished at their Vanity Presumption and Ignorance—I cannot but ascribe it to the Imbecility of and decrepitude of Age.
In their Solitudes, unable to read, to converse or to think, destitute of all the Information which Government possesses do they think to dictate and to domineer, like Pedagogues over School boys!
I wish you would write me oftener and more in detail.—
I am very happy to find that my Friend Dr Eustis has acquitted himself like a good Citizen and a wise and Upright Man upon this occasion. His first Thoughts and feelings on the Treaty I can easily account for, without the Smallest Imputation on his Motives Conduct or Character. His Ultimate Determination to leave the Thing where the Constitution has placed it does honour to his Head and Heart.
I wrote you about your and Mr Codmens Clover Seed and wait your Answer. My Regards where due
John Adams


Title: To John Adams from John Jay, 2 February 1796
From: Jay, John
To: Adams, John

Dear Sir
N York 2 Feb. 1796

I was this morning favored with your obliging Letter of the 31 ult.—D’Ivernois is very industrious.—I hear no more of his plan of transplanting the University of Geneva into the united States. He is a sensible diligent man, and I suspect that his Correspondence with Mr Gallatin has done no Harm—
It gives me pleasure to find that in your opinion no great mischief will be done by the combustable Materials in Congress—If like Doctr. Youngs Squib, they only "burn hiss and bounce, waste paper, stink and die" all will be well. The Tide has changed, and begins to run strong—I hope it will be observed and used, or as they say in Massachusetts, improved.—
To be with my Family is a Comfort, and yet I have too much to do with public affairs to be comfortable—You can retire from the Senate to your Country Seat, and pass six months of Otium cum Dignitate—We have both had busy lives, and I apprehend that in the Fluctuation of human affairs, I am not to expect to enjoy the Tranquility and Repose which all wish for, but which few find until they pass to that Country where the weary rest from their Labors—and where parties and Politics have no admittance. I suspect that young nations like young people are apt to burn their Fingers; and that we have yet much wisdom to learn, and to pay for—I think I see in this Country the Seeds of Trouble; and that our political machines will in more Senses than one get out of order.—But be these things as they may, I believe it to be wise to do all the Good we can, and to enjoy all the Good we meet with—
That you may always meet with a liberal Share of it, is the wish of / Dear Sir / your affte. Friend & Servnt
John Jay


Title: To John Adams from Timothy Pickering, 2 February 1796
From: Pickering, Timothy
To: Adams, John

Sir
War-Office Feby. 2d. 1796

The Senate were pleased, on the 22d. of December, to direct a statement to be laid before them of the military force actually employed against the insurgents in the four Western Counties of Pennsylvania, and an account of the expenditures in that expedition.
I have now the honour to inform the Senate, that the expenditures were of various kinds, none of which, except merely for the pay of the militia, fall under the cognizance of the Secretary for the department of war: and that the dispersion of the militia to their homes before their pay could be delivered to them, has prevented complete settlements to this day; although it is near a year since an agent in each of the four states whence the militia was drawn, has been employed in paying & settling with them. Under these circumstances it is impossible to make the statements required. The supplies in the quartermaster’s department and of provisions were furnished immediately by the department of the treasury. Arrearages in all the parts of this service remain to be settled and paid.
I have the honour to be / with the highest respect / Sir your most obt. Servant
Timothy Pickering


Title: To John Adams from Samuel Meredith, 5 February 1796
From: Meredith, Samuel
To: Adams, John

Sir
Treasury of the United States February 5th: 1796

My Account of Receipts and Expenditures in the War Department for the quarter ending the 31st. of Decemr. last, having passed the Offices, permit me through you to lay it before the Honorable the Senate.—
My Treasury account of the same date is now ready for Settlement. When compleated, I shall take the earliest Opportunity of laying it also before you.
I am sir / Your very humble Servant

Saml Meredith Treas of the United States


Title: To John Adams from Jabez Bingham, 6 February 1796
From: Bingham, Jabez
To: Adams, John

Sir
Riding Feb’y 6th. 1796

have you heard any thing from your Son John—and shall I be the barrer of Agreeable, or disagreeable News—if I tell you he is alive, and in good Helth, (my Story must be my Appollogy for writing this letter), some time in April 1793, I was  at the Natchees, on the Missicippia—and one Afternoon, while I lay in the Harber, your Son came on board, and soon let me know he was from New England, and that his Name was Adams—this led me to Inquire more perticular, and he told me his Father was the Vice President of the United States. he also told me of many things, that hapned to him in Early life and mentioned so many characters in and about Boston that I know, to be fact that he convinced me he had been there and I had no doubt but he had told me the Truth—his appearence was very genteel and an open frankness appeared in his conversation, much superier to any I had seen in that Country—when he related to me his faults and the consiquences that Insued, the big Tear freequentley burst from the sweling Eye, and I was obliged to acompany him—I did not inquire into the perticular causes of his Emigration, nor did he tell me, but ondly hinted that it was an affair of Love—in the evening I invited him up to a Tavern, to take a glass of wine. he seem’d at first to be at a stand and paused some time, I guised at his difficulty, and offered him my Prasse, he hissitated no longer, but accompanied me In, “we had scarse drank one glass” when Capt. Cabe a Spanish officer came in, and in a very Imperious Maner bid him be gone & out of the room, your Son tryed to reason with him, but in vain, the Landlord also joind with the Captain, and he was turnd out of Doors—this gave me much uneasiness and I inquired the reason of their treatment of Mr: Adams. they said he was a Vagobond; and had no right to Gentlemen company, for he never had any Money, nor never paid any thing, I told them I had Invited him in, and knew the Character of his Family which, I told them, and by my Intercession he was Invited in, but the affair had put and end to the conviveolty of the evening, I desired him to caul in the Morning on Board but he did not come towards Noon I saw him and ask’d his liberty to go and see you his Father, when I arrived at Philedelphia But this he wholly dene’d me and beged I would never mention his Name in New England—after this the Landlord (one John Ardon) told me he was an Impostor and he did not beleave his Name was Adams” thise two Circomstances made me suspect I had been Imposed upon, but yet I alwas felt for him for he had much won my Heart, and sundry times I have been on the point of writing to your Excellency, and what finally determined me to do it, was—that the said John Ardon came to Bedston four weaks Ago, and I inquired after your son, he told me he was about thier yet and could not get away for he ow’d above five Hundred pounds, and they never would let him come away till he paid all off—and yesterday I hapned to light upon one Briant Whooper a young man from Boston, now at Herrisburg, and he told me that your Son was gone off and that you all thought him Dead—Thise reasons have Indused me to give you this Information, contrary to your Sons wishes—if I have given you any satisfaction, I am amply paid, and O! how should I rejoice to hear he is returnd to a Father that will receive him with open Arms; I beleave he would come if he could—and can I say, or do, anything to save him from Distruction will it be of any sirvice for me to plead in his behalf No your own Great Good since can, best Wch you Thot to do—I live near Bedston Old Fourt, am now on my way to New Hampsheire, but Shall return in two months and Intend a Voiyge down the River next season and should be happy in Executing your Commands, one line given to Coll Wm. Wallace who is a member of the House of Representatives will come safe to me—
Pray Great Sir Pardon me if I have done wrong—I am with affection / for your Charactor,  and for you Son / your unknown / Humble Sert
Jabez Bingham


Title: To John Adams from John Quincy Adams, 10 February 1796
From: Adams, John Quincy
To: Adams, John

N.17
My Dear Sir.
London February 10. 1796

Mr: Hall arrived a few days ago, and delivered to me a few days ago your favours of Novr: 17. and Decr: 12. The first acknowledges the receipt of my N. 11. July 27. But I feel somewhat concerned lest my next number to that, written very soon after it may have miscarried, as it should regularly have reached you before the date of your last.
Mr. Randolph’s pamphlet had arrived before Mr. Hall, but I had seen only some extracts from it which were and yet are dealt out in some of the daily papers here. I think he rolls the stone of Sisyphus with a more impetuous recoil than I ever witnessed before. I confess I should never have thought that even the deliverence of guilt could publish such a production, and imagine it would injure the reputation of the President, or defend that of the writer.—In my last numbered Letter to you, I mentioned an opinion that the party in France would perhaps return to the courting system, and I am almost tempted to believe that they advised this publication by way of atonement. For it seems to me impossible that the production should have been given to the world but by the agency of a person inveterate even to rancour against Mr: Randolph, and disposed to raise the character of the President, higher if possible than its former elevation.
But the publication to the world of confidential opinions and sentiments entertained by the President with respect to the European parties and Governments, will produce in a degree the effect for which they were it was calculated. They will produce some mischief. The sensation here upon seeing a proclamation to all the world that the President has been inimical to England and the friend of the french cause, is very perceptible and very strong. It will not only corroborate and confirm that deep rooted malignity towards us which governs the cabinet but it alienates and irritates the part of the Nation who are well disposed towards us.
They have however so much at present upon their hands that they will not quarrel with us. But no small use will be made of this pamphlet, by the Ministers of this Country. I have reason to suppose that it has given them great satisfaction: for their purposes concur so thoroughly with those of Mr: Randolph that they seize with delight every thing that contributes to promote them. It is one of those singularities which seem reserved exclusively for the complication of political intrigues, that the views of our french party and those of the Hawkesbury enclave here are exactly the same, and accordingly they are continually playing into each other’s hands. They wish to perpetuate the variances between the United States and Britain, and ardently catch at every thing that has a tendency to that end.
Upon this subject I think it necessary to give you my opinion explicitly. The cabinet here have of late affected a great regard for the Government of the United States. In this particular too they have coincided with our most virulent anarchists, and have taken all possible pains to countenance and give credit to their assertions that the American administration were upon terms of great harmony with that of Britain. The truth is that the American Government and those who are at the head of its administration have not upon Earth more rancorous enemies than the springs which move the Executive machine of this Country. They know perfectly well that the strength as well as the prosperity of the United States depend upon the efficiency of the Government, and above all things they dread the proof which any continued course of tranquility would afford that it is a good practical Government. In short every one of their feelings individual and national is hostile to us, and the policy of Vergennes & Montmorin to prevent our acquiring a consistency, which would make us really formidable is here envenomed by the recollection of former defeat and disappointment.
Between the United States and Great-Britain no cordiality can exist. I do not think it is on our part to be desired. But Peace may, and I hope will continue, notwithstanding all the conspiracies that have been formed against it in America and in Europe.
Before this time I presume you will have received my letters since I left the Hague which will shew that I did not flinch on the subject of my orders to come here and . The result of my coming has hitherto been even more unpleasant personally speaking than I had anticipated; but I have made no sacrifice of my duty or of my Country’s Interests: my conduct here has been fully detailed in my dispatches. If it shall meet the approbation of the Government all my wishes will be satisfied: but most assuredly it will not suit the views of any partizans either of France or Britain. I never can and never will deviate from my own sense of duty to please either
But since the return of Mr: Pinckney I have had nothing to do here, though my orders do not permit me to return to Holland, without waiting for further instructions. I have hitherto been tolerably patient; but can hardly answer how much longer I shall be so.
I enclose the newspapers and remain in all duty & affection your Son

John Q. Adams


Title: To John Adams from Thomas Welsh, 15 February 1796
From: Welsh, Thomas
To: Adams, John

My Dear Sir,
Boston Feby 15th. 1796.

Your Favors of Jany 23 and the second Instant I have received.
I have requested, Mr Joseph Cooledge to take charge of this Letter who with his Friend Mr Saml: Parkman will be in Philadelphia who are probably both known to you being both Gentlemen of extensive Business here and with whom I have the Pleasure of an Acquaintance of long standing.
In your Letter of 23d Ulto you appeared uncertain whether it was 50lb of Grass Seed I intended for Dr Dexter and myself or 50lb for each; I meant only 50lb for both which if you be pleased to order at a proper time I shall thank you.
You will have heard before this reaches you that Dr Jarvis after having caused a Motion to be made to be made in the House of Representatives to take up the Virginia Resolves which he supported with all his Faculties, was seized at his own House after Dinner with an apoplectic Fit. I have not seen him but I am told that  he appeared for several Days after much deranged in his Mind but he has recovered so far as to begin to talk politics again and says that the Question which was determined by a large Majority against Mr Fisk would not have gone as it did had he been in the House however he will not be able to attend again this Session.
I am glad Dr: Eustis voted as he did but he has still a strange kink in his Head about the Contradiction between the two Articles in the Constitution. The one committing to Congress Power to regulate Trade and that to The President and Senate to make Treaties and altho he would not make the Motion I believe if it was made he would encourage an Article Alteration in the Constitution in this particular making it necessary to lay all Treaties before the House of Representatives of the United States for Ratification. I have endeavoured to convince him of his Error but I think without Effect.
You will see by our Papers that Mr Sumner is proposed as a Candidate for Governor he is a Man well respected in the Commonwealth how this will suit the various Expectants I know not.
I am Sir with great Respect your Humble St.
Thomas Welsh


Title: From John Adams to Thomas Welsh, 27 February 1796
From: Adams, John
To: Welsh, Thomas

Dr Sir
Philadelphia Feb. 27. 1796

I have just recd your favour of the 15, by Mr Coolidge and Mr Parkman.
There has been no Vessell up far as Boston a long time. When there is I will endeavour to Send your fifty Pounds of Clover Seed, with my own, if I can get any. It is said it will be very dear.
It is to be lamented that a Man of Such popular Talent and such an ardent Spirit as Dr Jarvis, should be always disposed to Seize every Opening and Opportunity to Attack, embarrass and enfeeble the national Government: but the People are so well fixed in opposite Principles that he will meet with nothing but Disappointment and Vexation till he probably falls a sacrifice to his imprudent Zeal and intemperate Exertions. His Constitution is not made for Such a Career.
The People will never concur with Dr Eustis in his Project of Submitting Treaties to an House of Representatives. They would sooner take away from the Senate the Power of Advising & consenting. Nothing but the precarious footing of an Elective Executive, indeed the Admission of the Senate into this Business, which all the World knows ought to be confined to a very cool Cabinet. The Senate are an outwork in our Constitution to defend the Executive from popular Clamours, which are always apt to be excited by Treaties. But the House of Representatives would not only be overawed by such Clamours but contribute to excite & foment them.
There is an Instability in human Understanding that is enough to alarm every Man who wishes for a Government upon which the People can depend for the Protection of their Rights. There are so few who will ever take the trouble to get an Insight into the Subject, and So few of these who can remember their own Principles & Opinions for Six Months together, that it seems as if one must despair of ever seeing Wisdom prevail. The People of America however have hitherto given good hopes: but it will cost so much trouble to overcome Sudden heats and popular Errors which will be constantly excited and propagated, that the best Men will be discouraged and give Way to Hyppocrites Bothers and Villains.
The Man who expects by destroying this Constitution to get one more popular is a fool. So sure as this is undermined it will be succeeded by a stronger. There is nothing about which Men of Sense Sometimes make wilder Judgments, than they do about the Sense of the People. Adams and Jarvis believed the British Treaty to be unpopular—Both most grossly deceived.
I Suppose the Expectants would rather wish to continue the old Cardinal, than to have a young Pope to exclude their hopes for many Years: It is deeply to be lamented however that a Governor of Massachusetts and especially Sam Adams should shew himself so bad a Citizen of U.S. New York is an Example which shews the Importance of having good Governors. I write you freely in Confidence and haste and am &c

John Adams


Title: From Richard Claiborne to John Adams, 29 February 1796
From: Claiborne, Richard
To: Adams, John,United States Senate

				To the President and Members of the Senate of the United States

					29. Feby. 1796.

				The Memorial of Richard Claiborne Respectfully ShewethThat Your memorialist conceiving that very great benefit will result to the United States by encouraging the introduction of the useful arts from abroad—and perceiving, that, according to the present patent Law, inventions or discoveries, are confined to Citizens of the United States only—Your memorialist respectfully prays that Congress will pass a Law, granting to Original prourors of Inventions, being Americans, such encouragement, protection, or privilege, as to them shall seem wise and reasonable—And Your memorialist as in duty bound will ever pray

					Rd. Claiborne


Title: To John Adams from Henry Marchant, 1 March 1796
From: Marchant, Henry
To: Adams, John

Very dear Sir
Newport March 1st. 1796

I have been indebted to you, ever since, nearly the Close of the last Session of Congress. When you are near Boston, I cannot with equal Convenience get a Letter to you.—Surprising have been the Incidents which have turned up since then. The Disorganizers, like Crows and Vultures have had plenty of Food, to fill their insatiable Stomachs with;—and they have disgorged their abominable Maws in every Quarter of the United States.—The horrid stench threatened to suffocate the whole Body.—Our Constitution, Government, Peace and Happiness seemed for a Time to shake and totter amidst the Storm of Insurgency. But Thanks to the Wisdom and Firmness of Our Leaders,—The good Sense of the people upon Reflection, and above all, the Interposition of that kind Providence which has so often marvelously appeared for the Salvation of Our Country;—Confusion and Disgrace—have again covered the Enemies of Peace and Order, and sunk them below Contempt.—The People seem to be aware of the Misery they have escaped; and I hope will learn the Neccessity of more Confidence in those of their own Choice, and appreciate their Virtues by a Contrast of the diabolical Spirit of those who had well nigh involved Our Country in Ruin.—
I flatter myself Sir, that the present Sessions will disappoint all Parties,—and do less Evil than was feared by some, and more good than was hoped for by others.—
But for the seeming Neccessity which the Resolutions of Virginia threw the other States into, Our State would not have seen a Propriety of expressing Their Sense of the Conduct of Government:—As it was, We too, have given Our Opinion:—And as I always told you, when we had once adopted the Constitution, We should prove ourselves as federal, or more so, than any State in the Union.—We had a little Flash in this Town,—It was too despicable to be noticed even by ourselves, it vanished like smoke.
I do feel unhappy however at the amazing Speculations which seem to overrun the Country. This with the multiplicity of Banks have introduced Extravagancies and a fall of Money ruinous to the steady industrious Man, distressful to Widows and Orphans; and upon all Officers of Government.—This last Circumstance, will tend more than any Thing, to drive good Men out, and introduce those who, void of Principle, will find other means of Supporting themselves than their slender Salaries. While the Merchant and the Farmer, the Mechanic and even the common Labourer can hold up Sides with each other, they have not the Will or the Justice to raise the Emolluments of the Servants of the Publick to any kind of Comparison with their own.—Has it not been found difficult to fill up the Supreme Court? and will it not grow more so, while such Speculations are abroad, and Money runs down so rapidly?—
What my dear Sir are your Ideas of the State of Europe; and the Prospects of Peace?—
I wish to know how your State of Health has been of late, as sometime past you mentioned some discouraging Circumstances. I have not of late enjoyed my own as formerly, but in all Circumstances I am / Your ever obliged / and sincere Friend
Henry MarchantP:S: Pray present my dutiful respects to the President.


Title: To John Adams from François D’Ivernois, 6 March 1796
From: D’Ivernois, François
To: Adams, John

					Monsieur
					Londres ce 6 Mars 1796.

				J’apprens dans ce moment que Mr Vausse de souche, Colon de st Domingue part à l’instant pour Gravesende en me faisant offrir de se charger de ce que j’aurais à lui remettre pour l’amèrique. J’ai bien du regret de n’avoir point le tems de répondre à votre lettre si intéressante du 11 Décembre, mais en attendant que j’aye cet avantage, je profite au moins de cette occasion pour vous remercier de toutes les choses obligeantes que vous voulez bien me dire & pour vous faire passez un volume qui contient l’examen de la nouvelle Constitution Française & la suite de l’histoire des delapidations Démocratiques. Je joins quelques exemplaires de cette brochure in 4e que je vous prierai de distribuer à ceux de vos amis qui pourraient en entre curieux. J’aurai l’honneur de vous écrire incessamment en vous envoyant la traduction Anglaise de cet écrit sur les finances, traduction dans la quelle j’en ai continué l’histoire jusqu’au 1er MarsJe suis avec respect / Monsieur / Votre tres humble / & tres obéissant serviteur

					F d’Ivernois

					Ps. Je reçois en ce moment la brochure Anglaise dont je viens de vous faire mention & j’en joins ici 5  exemplaires.


Title: From John Adams to Oliver Wolcott, Sr., 9 March 1796
From: Adams, John
To: Wolcott, Oliver, Sr.

Sir,
United States, In Senate March the 9th. 1796—

The Senate of the United States have requested me to notify your Honor, that the Seat of the Honorable Oliver Ellsworth in the Senate, is vacated by his acceptance of the Office of Chief Justice of the United States; as is stated in the Journals of Senate; an authenticated copy whereof, I have directed to be made out, and herewith transmit for your information, and for that of the Legislature of the State of Connecticut.
With great and sincere esteem, / I have the honor to be, / Sir, Your Honor’s / most obedient and most hble. Servt.

 John Adams
              Vice President of the United States
              and President of the Senate


Title: To John Adams from Oliver Wolcott, Jr., 14 March 1796
From: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.
To: Adams, John

Sir
Treasury Department

March 14th. 1796
In obedience to the resolution of the Senate of the 23d of December 1795; I have the honour to transmit herewith a Return of the Exports of the United States for the Year ending September 30th. 1795.—
I have the honour to be / With perfect respect / Sir / Your Obedient Servant
Oliv. Wolcott Jr.


Title: From Catherine Greene to John Adams, 14 March 1796
From: Greene, Catherine
To: Adams, John,United States Senate

					To the Honorable the President and the Honorable the Members of the Senate of the United States.
					March 14, 1796

				The Memorial of Catherine Green, widow of Major General Green respectfully sheweth That in the month of March 1795 Messrs: Harris and Blackford, Merchants of Great Britain, obtained a final decree of the Court of Equity in Charleston against the heirs of General Green for a sum amounting to more than seven thousand pounds sterling, as surety for the House of Hunter, Banks & Co: the same being a part, and the residue of demands the nature of which has been submitted to the consideration of Your honorable House in a former session at which time the suit with Messrs Harris & Blackford was pending.With sensible pain Your Memorialist feels herself compelled to call once more on the Legislature of the United States. The duty she owes to her Children and to the memory of General Green will, with enlightened men, plead her apology.The distresses of the Southern Army, particularly for the last two years of the war, are so well known to many of the Members of both houses as scarcely to need detailing.General Green awake to the interests of the States and to the sufferings of brave men who were fighting under his command, felt himself reduced to the painful situation of either disbanding the Army with the command of which he was entrusted, or risking his private fortune to prevent the only man who would undertake to furnish the Army with rations, from sinking. Relying on the justice of his Country he hesitated not in the choice of difficulties. He made himself responsible for large sums in order to secure the necessary supplies for the Army. Scarce had he rested from the toils of war and returned to the enjoyment of domestic life when he was called on, as will appear by the documents accompanying this memorial, for the payment of considerable sums of money, for which he made himself responsible from no motive but Public Good. Encountering these painful demands and suits but a short time he was called hence: having by his zeal for the interests of his Country involved his Widow and Children in a series of difficulties and distress against which they are no longer able to bear up. The decision of the Court of Equity in Charleston subjects the little property kept together by rigid œconomy and private friendships, to be torn from the Children of a Man who can be charged with no imprudence, but an excessive ardour in promoting the interests of his Country. Incompetent to the Fullfilment of the decree of the Court. Unable to contend with the difficulties it involves the family of General Green in, where can; where ought they to look for support but to that Country for whose service these difficulties are incurred.Ample testimonies can be adduced to satisfy Your honorable House that the debt, which General Green made himself liable for, was not for private purposes, but for public good. Under this firm persuasion the Widow and Children repose Themselves on the justice of Congress to exempt them from the demand of Messrs Harris &c. by making provision for payment of the same.And they will as in duty bound ever pray.

					Catherine Greene


Title: To John Adams from Thomas Peacock, 15 March 1796
From: Peacock, Thomas
To: Adams, John

Sir/
New York March 15. 1796

My arrival from England in this City is of a recent date, and agreeable to desire, I embrace the earliest opportunity of presenting the most respectful Compliments of my Brother-in-Law; Mr. Thicknesse, Son of the late Governor Thicknesse of St. Catharines Hermitage Bath, whom with his family I expect by May next—His intention is to purchase an eligible estate and spend the remainder of his days in this land of Freedom and Liberty;—Fortune has not been so profuse in her favors to me, so that I think myself happy in fillng an humble station in the Custom House under the worthy veteran Genl. Lamb far as my Station will allow I am, and it my sincere desire to, become more serviceable to Community and as I am now young I would that my usefulness and rising years may be reciprocal &c. I am unknown to the General and my present Salarty is very low, permit me therefore, to solicit your Kind patronage, which will, be ever gratefully acknowledged, and every effort made to merit the same by Sir, / Your most obedt Servant
Thomas Peacock
P.S. If you honor me with an answer, You will please to direct for me at the Custom House—New York


Title: To John Adams from John Quincy Adams, 20 March 1796
From: Adams, John Quincy
To: Adams, John

N: 18.
My Dear Sir.
London March 20th. 1796.

In the situation which has already detained me here between four and five months, and from which I am waiting with anxiety not unmingled with impatience to be relieved, I have very few opportunities to obtain any intelligence of importance other than what is contained in the daily newspapers, one complete sett of which I have regularly forwarded to you by every opportunity that has been known to me since I have been in England. There has indeed for the last three months been very little to tell. The Severity of the Season naturally produced an interval of repose from the military operations, and although much has been said by both the parties at War, about pacific negotiations, it is extremely doubtful whether either of them has been seriously inclined to give them effect.
The People indeed every where ardently sigh for Peace. Every where they perceive that they have been made the victims of their own Passions and follies; they are every where becoming more and more convinced that the struggle which they are still obliged to maintain although its original object has completely failed on both sides, can only be destructive to them and they would gladly bury in oblivion the abstracted madness which created such a fanatical agitation of their brains about three years ago. But in all the Governments of Europe new and old, the People are considered as an instrument not as the object of political calculations. Their interests their feelings and their wishes are not the ultimate point of contemplation but only a power over which the controul of the superintendent is more or less efficacious according to the progress of Events. The ruling powers therefore here and in France, finding the spirits of their combatants much exhausted, encourage them with hopes of Peace, and at the same time are taking infinite pains to continue the War, and to shift each upon the other the odium of that continuance.
At the opening of the present session of Parliament, the royal speech prepared the way for a sort of acknowledgment of the new French Government, without which no pretence of negotiation could have been raised and supported. Soon after a message from the king, formally declared that he would meet any disposition to negotiate on the part of France. Upon a debate which recently took place Mr: Pitt declared that measures were taking which might lead to a negotiation, and even at this day reports of actually pending arrangements are industriously circulated and kept up by the ministerial influence. On the other hand a Message from the Executive Directory of France to the Legislative body some time since expressly said that the Enemies, or rather that Enemies of France had spoken of Peace, and the same message professed a very cordial desire to terminate the War.
All this on both sides appears to be mere profession without sincerity. If the parties were really inclined to Peace their pretensions as to the conditions of it, are too widely distant for them to meet without a further struggle. But the Governments both of France and Britain dread the consequences of Peace to themselves The armies of France are such formidable and unwieldy machines that the persons in power are very unwilling to take them from that employment which removes their attention from home, while in this Country the Monarchy and Aristocracy view with horror the prospect of a Republican establishment so near to themselves.
The last pamphlet of Burke, which I lately sent you discovers this temper in its natural colours, and another, professedly written upon the subject and entitled thoughts upon the prospect of a regicide Peace, is announced for publication within a short period. Their object is probably to make a further experiment at fanaticising the public mind, or at least to revive the flame which has long been drooping and of late has been ready to expire. It is contending yet for ground which the Ministers no longer dare openly to avow, but which their ostensible declarations rather disclaim.
At the same time the preparations for another campaign have been made by both parties with a degree of exertion and energy which has very little resemblance to the relaxation that would indicate a probability of Peace. The monies here have been raised, and the West Indian expedition is conducted with a perseverance equal to the numerous disasters which the armament has hitherto encountered. The french Directory on their side have applied all the force of two very vigorous measures, the requisition of men and the forced loan, to the strengthening of their armies on the Rhine, and from the present appearance they are determined to make a decisive effort in that quarter. The imperial and Austrian preparations there are likewise mentioned as very powerful, but the commander in chief Clerfayes has been removed from his station at the moment of victory, and as if the allies never could learn to appreciate at its value the worth of Royal Generals, an Imperial Archduke is to be substituted instead of a good officer.—Another Archduke it is said to is to command the Austrian forces in Italy, and if any anticipation of consequences can be formed from the uniform experience of the War hitherto, the success of the campaign will be in inverse proportion to the rank of the opposed leaders.
Upon the whole another campaign seems to be inevitable, and there is some reason to expect that it will be more vigorous and decisive than that of the last year. It is however impossible to say that the war will terminate with this. The question between France and Austria, seems indeed reduced to a simple point which is, the possession of the Netherlands, and it is rather probable that one more campaign will produce Events to settle that. But, as between France and Britain neither of which can be in danger by invasion from the other, there is no adequate motive for finishing their quarrel so long as either of them can command men for action, and money for supplies; nor is there any thing that can induce an expectation of failure in either of these.
The french paper has indeed met with the fate to which from the moment of its first creation it was destined. It is now gone much out of circulation, and passes but partially at a rate of nearly three hundred for one. But the use of specie is again returning and it appears from the experiment of the forced loan that the Government can yet command effective money. Their requisitions for men, whatever discontents they may excite are equally efficacious, and they have in particular disincumbered the capital of a numerous body of young men who had become very troublesome and even dangerous to the ruling party.
In this Country the pecuniary resources seem to thrive by consumption. There are great complaints of a want of money, but the stocks maintain their prices even at the critical moments of calls for payments of the new loan. The increase of the national debt is perhaps a real object of desire to the Government because it naturally strengthens them; and whatever sums they want the only difficulty they meet with is to decide by whom they shall be supplied. By the regulations which they have recently established, and by the distresses which the War itself occasions they are enabled also to recruit their navy and their army at home as much as they can desire, and however the general mass of the People might may be disposed to complain there is little reason to doubt of the continuance of their submission.
These circumstances are not indicative of a speedy pacification. But as the sentiments and wants of whole Nations must at all times have a certain influence upon the operations of their Governments the strong and unequivocal propensity to Peace which every where prevails may possibly accelerate that Event notwithstanding it will be adverse to the Policy and Interest of those who govern on both sides.
I enclose by this opportunity a couple of pamphlets upon the present State of the finances of this Nation. They reminded me of Voltaire’s tale of Jean qui pleure et Jean qui rit; but some interesting information may be collected from both.
My last Letters from you are of Decr: 12. and came by Mr: Hall. I feel an extreme anxiety to hear from you, as well as from the Department of State, since my arrival and conduct here have been made known there. Accounts from Philadelphia are in this town to the 15th: of February. The appearance of a more moderate and harmonious general disposition than had been apprehended are pleasing in the highest degree, and I fervently pray that no future fuel for the flame of faction so may be preparing by concert in America and Europe. But —I shall write you soon again.
Your ever affectionate and grateful Son
John Q. Adams.


Title: To John Adams from James McHenry, 22 March 1796
From: McHenry, James
To: Adams, John

Sir.
War Department 22d. March 1796.

I have the honour to transmit you herewith a statement of the claims four Invalid Pension Applicants, which were forwarded to this office by the Judge of the District Court for the District of Virginia.
The evidences to support these claims have been taken after the expiration of the "Act to regulate the claims to Invalid Pensions."
I submit them to Congress together with copies of two letters from the District Judge which accompanied them.
I am with great respect / Sir / your obedient Servant

James McHenrySecy. of war


Title: To John Adams from George Washington, 23 March 1796
From: Washington, George
To: Adams, John

Dear Sir,
Wednesday Morning 23d. March—1796

I thank you for giving me the perusal of the enclosed.—The details are interesting.—The Picture is well drawn;—and it is to be feared, too well founded in facts.—With very sincere esteem and regard / I am Your Obedt & / Affecte.

Go: Washington


Title: To John Adams from Oliver Wolcott, Sr., 28 March 1796
From: Wolcott, Oliver, Sr.
To: Adams, John

Sir.
Litchfield March 28th. 1796

I have been honoured with your exceellencys letter of the 8th. instant, together with an Order of the Senate, directing that information be given to the Executive of this Stat, that the Honourable Oliver Ellsworth has been Appointed to, and that he has accepted the Office of Chief Justice of the United States, and consequently that. his that Seat, as Senator has become Vacated—
The information Sir, which you have communicated, will be laid before the Legislature of this State, at their Session in may next, when they will probably supply the Vacancy—
With Sentiments of the most real esteem / and respect—I have the honour to be, / Your Exceellency’s / most obedient, humble Servant
Oliver Wolcott


Title: From Sc., Citizens of Georgetown to John Adams, 1 April 1796
From: Georgetown, Sc., Citizens of
To: Adams, John,United States Senate

					To the Honorable the President and Members of the Senate of the United States
					February 29th 1796

The Petition of the Inhabitants of Georgetown South Carolina and its vicinityHumbly shewethThat your Petitioners suffer much inconvenience for the want of a Post between this place and Charleston; until the late alteration of the Route of the Post, your Petitioners always enjoyed the benefit of a speedy and regular communication with their Fellow Citizens of Charleston, but agreeably to the present mode of conveyance, their Letters, Newspapers &c: go a circuitous route of 260 Miles which subjects your Petitioners to great delay and disappointment in their business.Your Petitioners therefore request of your Honorable House to take the premises into consideration and grant them a Post to go once a Week between Georgetown and Charleston; and your Petitioners as in duty bound shall ever pray—

					Geo HeriotP. TrapierJohn O. Heriot[32 Additional Signatures]


Title: To John Adams from Oliver Wolcott, Jr., 4 April 1796
From: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.
To: Adams, John

Sir
Treasury Department April 4th: 1796—

I have the honour to transmit herewith a Letter from the Comptroller of the Treasury dated the Second instant, with the Abstract required by the fourth section of the Act entitled “An Act relative to the Compensations of certain Officers employed in the Collection of the duties of Import and Tonnage” passed February 14th. 1795.—
I have the honour to be / With perfect respect / Sir, / Your Obedient Servant

Oliv. Wolcott Jr.Secy of the Treasy


Title: From John Adams to Thomas Jefferson, 6 April 1796
From: Adams, John
To: Jefferson, Thomas

Dear Sir
Philadelphia April 6. 1796

Since my Receipt of your favour of the 28 of February I have call’d on the Auditor and had some Conversation with him and with The Secretary of The Treasury and with The Secretary of State upon the Subject of Accounts and they think that some Regulation may be made by Congress which will reach the Cases without any formal Memorial on our Part and indeed without mentioning Names. The Secretary of The Treasury has it under Consideration: But if they finally determine that they cannot accomplish the object without our Interposition I will join you with all my Heart in an application to Congress.
D’Ivernois is industrious and clever, but he is in Pay Pension or Employment of some kind or other under Mr Pitt, and Some of his late Publications have tang of the Cask from whence he draws his Wine. It is good to read all those Party Pamphlets and believe in none of them.
This is indeed as you say the Age of Experiments in Government. One Tryal has  been fairly made in America and France, of Nedhams perfect Commonwealth, and at length given up. Holland is trying it again and if Britain should have a Revolution she will try it too. An hundred thousand Dutchmen guillotined or beknifed will convince Holland as soon as five hundred thousand Frenchmen and Women have convinced France. How many Hecatombs must be Slaughtered to convince John Bull I cannot calculate.
The Plural Executive in France is a new Attempt borrowed from a conceit of De Mably in his phosthumous Dialogue with Lord Stanhope. The Danger of Corruption and Intrigue in Elections is rather multiplied five fold, than diminished by this. and Jealousy, Emulation and Division among them are inevitable.
Corruption in Elections has heretofore destroyed all Elective Governments. What Regulations or Precautions may be devised to prevent it in future, I am content with you to leave to Posterity to consider. You and I shall go to the Kingdom of the just or at least shall be released from the Republick of the Unjust, with Hearts pure and hands clean of all Corruption in Elections: so much I firmly believe. Those who shall introduce the foul Fiend on the Stage, after We are gone must exorcise him as they can.
With great Esteem and regard I am, Sir your most obedient
John Adams


Title: To John Adams from John Quincy Adams, 14 April 1796
From: Adams, John Quincy
To: Adams, John

N: 20.
My dear Sir
London April 14. 1796

You will see by the official papers published in the "Times" of the 11th: instt: which I enclose to you by this opportunity that the Government of this Country have at length thought proper to communicate to the other Governments of Europe, and to publish to the world the result of their late steps towards a negotiation with France.—The notes of Mr: Wickham and of Mr: Barthelemi, may serve as a comment upon my letter to you of March 20. (N:18) The policy which I then stated as guiding the hostile parties (for it is the same policy on both sides) is in my mind proved to complete demonstration by these papers.
The news from France Paris that have been received here, reach down to the 7th: of this month. The Executive Directory had not then published, nor communicated to the legislative body this correspondence. Its first publication by the British Executive, in so formal a manner, evidently shews that they are of opinion it will have an operation upon the public mind in Europe, favourable to them.
It must indeed have been a step somewhat mortifying to them, after the style of pretension with which they commenced and have hitherto conducted the War, to make the first proposals for negotiation and to have them treated with such disdain. As to the public opinion, it will doubtless in this as in other cases assume its complexion, from the success of the War, but I think some advantage will be derived, especially from the present temper of the European People, by this simple offer to negotiate.
Aware of the power which the general disposition towards Peace, has acquired, and continues daily to acquire, the answer on the part of the Directory, openly imputes insincerity to the overtures of Britain, and professes not only an ardent desire for Peace, but even hints a disposition to accommodate liberally, not only the commercial and political interests that may come in question, and even the concerns of a territory which without any violence of construction may be considered as comprehending the Dutch Republic.
But at the same time they refuse the proposal to send ministers to a congress for a general pacification, and refuse to point out any other mode in which they will concur for that purpose.—A general congress they say, would be an endless negotiation, and the proposal to suggest any other mode, is too vague to be serious. In giving these reasons the Directory certainly could not intend Peace themselves.
I have no access to the secret councils either of France or Britain, nor do I know whether under the mask of all these public papers, a more serious but informal negotiation is still going on, or whether the documents published here, are connected with others that do not appear. Perhaps some public notice will be taken by the Directory of this publication, and an explanation of the transaction from them will perhaps give it a different colour: But bating the possibilities that are contained in those two sources, the certainty of another campaign is fixed. What the result of that will be it would be idle to conjecture. But if it should be similar to that of the last, that is a great waste of exertion and resource without any material advantage gained, on either side, the parties will perhaps be disposed to make something more than a barren demonstration of pacific intentions, at the close of the Season now opening.
But although the Minister of this Government will reconcile the Nation to another year of war; yet the symptoms of an ardent desire for Peace, which the present occasion produces, must have a considerable effect upon his policy. He is sensible doubtless that the tendency of this War must be to weaken the Nation, however it may strengthen the Government, and although his operations meet with no impediment from the regular opposition in Parliament, the external force arrayed against him becomes more formidable in proportion to the continuance of the war.
April 26.
Since the above was written a supplementary loan of seven millions and an half has been contracted by the british Minister, and voted by Parliament. The prospect of a further extension of the War, is encreasing. The french Directory have as yet   taken no notice of the published correspondence between Barthelemi and Wickham. The campaign on the Rhine is not yet opened, but is announced as to be expected from day to day.
The most recent public news from the continent speak of a War between Russia, and Sweden on one side, and with the Turks on the other as inevitable. This intelligence is very questionable, as it is hitherto founded only upon public rumour; but if it be true, there can be no doubt but it is the consequence of the french system of policy, upon which I wrote you in my last Letters. That the views of this policy involve also the Peace of the United States, I firmly believe, and although the latest accounts from America have a shew of calmness beyond what could have been expected, I am yet not without anxiety for the result of intrigues which are conducted with so much perseverance and so little shame, as those of France and the french party in America.
The last letters that I have received from you, were brought by Mr. Hall, and are dated in December. I have been waiting with anxious expectation more than three months for other Letters from the Department of State. How much longer I shall remain without them I cannot conjecture; but in the interval I am kept useless here, without being authorized to return to my proper station.
I remain your ever affectionate Son
John Q. Adams


Title: To John Adams from John Quincy Adams, 17 April 1796
From: Adams, John Quincy
To: Adams, John

My Dear Sir.
London April 17. 1796.

Mr: Robert Bird, the bearer of this letter, is a respectable merchant of this place, a brother of the Gentleman with whom you had the pleasure of an acquaintance some years since, at New-York. He proposes making a tour in the United States, during the ensuing Season, and I am happy to have this opportunity of introducing him to your acquaintance, and recommending him to your attentions.
I am, very affectionately, your Son
John Q. Adams


Title: To John Adams from John Quincy Adams, 18 April 1796
From: Adams, John Quincy
To: Adams, John

My dear Sir.
London April 18. 1796.

The bearer of this letter, is Mr: Henry Rigal, who has been recommended to me as a gentleman of great respectability; he has heretofore held an office in the Service of the Elector of Bavaria, but from the present unsettled state of his Country, and a predilection in favour of America, he has determined to remove with his family and settle in some part of the United States, to whom I am well assured he will thus give the accession of a very valuable citizen.
It is possible that upon his arrival he may have occasion for advise or information, relative to the pursuit of his purpose, which it may be in your power to give or procure; I am happy therefore in introducing him to your acquaintance, and in requesting in his behalf the benefit of any such services.
I am with the greatest respect & affection, my dear Sir, your faithful Son

John Q. Adams


Title: To John Adams from Thomas Welsh, 25 April 1796
From: Welsh, Thomas
To: Adams, John

Dear Sir
Boston April 25th. 1796.

Your Favor of 7th Inst ’till this moment I have not had convenient Opertunity to answer but do it now with great satisfaction as it will inform you of a very important Triumph gained in a Town meeting called by Jarvis Austin and about 18 other Leaders to induce a Vote of Disapprobation of a Memorial signed by about 13,00 Merchants Tradesmen Mechanics and others Inhabitants of The Town of Boston. Dr Jarvis and Mr Morton with Austin exerted their respective Powers of Uterance to impress the Town against the Subject Matter of the Memorial but it was in vain for after a full hearing of all their Declaration the Vote obtained to adopt the Memorial in a Meeting perhaps the fullest that was ever held since the Peace with a few only in the negative.
I hope these Measures with others now persuing by other Towns will have an effect in procuring the cooperation of The House of Representatives in the fulfilment of The Treaty.
I am Sir with great Respect Your Humble. Sr
Thomas Welsh


Title: To John Adams from Charles Lee, 26 April 1796
From: Lee, Charles
To: Adams, John

Sir,
Philadelphia, April 26, 1796.

I have the honor to transmit to Congress a report in pursuance of their resolution of the 3d of March, 1795, respecting the title to the land situate in the south western parts of the United States, claimed by certain companies in that resolution described under a law of the state of Georgia, passed the 7th day of January in the year 1794. It is accompanied with all the charters, treaties, and other documents relative to the subject which it has been in my power to procure except the most modern treaties to which I have taken leave to refer. However imperfect it may be deemed, I have yet supposed it better to obey without delay the order of Congress, in the best manner in my power, than to suffer the session to pass without a communication of some kind. With the most perfect respect, I am Sir, / Your most obedient servant.

Charles Lee,Attorney General of the United States.


Title: To John Adams from William Smith, 2 May 1796
From: Smith, William
To: Adams, John

Monday 2 May 1796

W Smith of N.H returns the enclosed letters with his respectful Compliments to the Vice-President—Mr Ames & M S have derived pleasure & improvement from the perusal
They conceive that if the contents were generally known they would produce favorable impression in the public sentiments.—


Title: To John Adams from Samuel Allyne Otis, 6 May 1796
From: Otis, Samuel Allyne
To: Adams, John

Sir
Philada May 6t 1796

Agreeable to promise I do myself the honor to inform you that the Senate have elected Mr Levermor Pres pro tem. 13 out of 19.
In regard to accommodating you the next winter I have not yet made my own arrangements. I have some expectation of removing from the house I now possess; Yet I know not to what house I shall remove. Add to this the difficulty of engaging & retaining good servants, makes it almost impracticable to arrange ones family to our wishes.
With our best remembrances to Mr Adams & friends /  I am /  Very respectfully /  Your most humble Sert
Sam A. Otis


Title: To John Adams from Caleb Strong, 10 May 1796
From: Strong, Caleb
To: Adams, John

Dear Sir
Philadelphia May 10th. 1796

I arrived at this place the Evening before you left it and found when I came into the Senate that our first Business was to choose a President pro Tempore—we chose Mr. Livermore—
Yesterday the Senate advised the President to ratify the explanatory Article which had been sent them while you was here, and this morning I have been preparing to return homeward by the Thursday Stage when behold Mr. Langdon has made his appearance with whom you may remember I paired off, he too complains that he was sent for and how long we should stay here is uncertain—The doorkeeper has handed to me the inclosed Letter to be returned to you—
Be kind enough to present my Respects to Mrs. Adams & believe me to continue with sincere Respect & Attachment / your obed. & Hble. Servt.
Caleb Strong


Title: To John Adams from John Quincy Adams, 12 May 1796
From: Adams, John Quincy
To: Adams, John

My dear Sir.
London May 12. 1796.

In addition to the letters and Packets which I have already sent by the present conveyance, I now enclose the newspapers up to this day. This contains intelligence of very considerable importance, which proves that the king of Sardinia has been compelled to enter into negotiations for Peace with the French Republic, and to surrender two strong fortresses as a preliminary to obtain a suspension of hostilities. The accounts of an insurrection in Corsica appear also to be well founded.
Parliament is about to adjourn, and it is expected its dissolution will follow immediately. The Minister has yet lost none of his ground as you will see by the divisions on the most recent motions from the opposition in both houses. The general opinion is that the new Parliament will be equally subservient.
I am yet waiting for the opportunity of a neutral conveyance to return to the Hague. I hope to get away in a few days.—
My last Letters from you are dated in December, and, were brought by Mr: Hall.
Your dutiful & affectionate Son,
John Q. Adams.


Title: To John Adams from LeRay de Chaumont, 19 May 1796
From: Chaumont, LeRay de
To: Adams, John

					Sir.
					Paris May 19 1796—

				The Bearer of this is my most intimate friend Mr Robineau de Bougon & the friend of my whole family. This worthy Gentleman has always enjoyed the esteem et respect of every one who knew him, he was one of the warmest friend the american Revolution had, et being nearly connected With the late Count de Vergennes he has been able to be usefull to that cause which he had always much at heart. Full of confidence in its success he joinded my father as early as 1777 to lend a sum somewhat considerable to the United States. However by some mis understanding the agent did Complicate this simple bussiness in such a manner that the true owners are not yet in possession of their dues, & now it is become an object of importance to Mr Bougon who by the chances of the french Revolution has experienced the loss of his fortune, by the destruction of two Capital Estates, one near Nants by the Vendeens & the other in Hispaniola by the same cause, a civil war.That Mr. Bougon may met in the United States a kind & welcome reception which he deserves so well is my most ardent wish; et to attend this I cannot do better than to recommend him Strongly tou you, Sir, & whatever you will do in my favor to contribute to the success of his visit et to render his Stay agreable in America will be warmly felt with a due Sense of gratitude by me / I am with Regard / Sir / Your most obedient / & humble Servant

					LeRay


Title: From William Cocke to John Adams, 21 May 1796
From: Cocke, William
To: Adams, John,United States Senate

				The Honourable The President and Senate of the United States of America

					Philadela. May 21 1796

				Having had the honour of being legally and Constitutionally Elected to Represent the State of Tennessee, in the Senate of the United States, My Duty compels me to claim for that State, the right of being admitted into the Union with the Original States in an equal footing in all respects Whatever, and to notify you, that should any doubts remain, or subsist as to the legality, or expediency of such admission, It is as well my Duty as inclination to remove such Doubts, for which purpose I should gladly be heard on the Floor of the Senate immediately, or at such time as you may please to appoint, when I flatter myself I shall be able to bring forward such Sufficient proof in Support of the rights claimed by the Good People of the State of Tennessee as will be conclusive and entirely Satisfactory to every Member of your Respectable Body.I am / with respect / Your Obt. Servt.

					Wm Cocke


Title: From William Blount to John Adams, 23 May 1796
From: Blount, William,Cocke, William
To: Adams, John,United States Senate

					Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Senate of the United States,
					Philadelphia, Monday, May 23d. 1796.

				We have the Honor to inform you that we are within the walls of your Chamber, ready to produce, to you papers to prove, that we have been duly and legally elected Senators to represent the State of Tennessee in your Body—and that State having a right to be represented in the Congress of the United States, on an equal footing with the original States; in all respects whatever, our Duty compels us to demand that we be now admited to our Seats.—

					Wm. BlountWm Cocke