Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Edward Hand, 31 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Hand, Edward

Sir
Head Quarters Middlebrook 31st May 1779.

I have before me your several favors of the 8—12—and 24th instant with the inclosures.
I shall transmit them to General Sullivan, who is now at Easton, and mention to the board of war the clothing wanted for the 11th Pennsylvania Regiment. Our stores I am affraid, are by no means equal to our several demands. What they can furnish will require to be managed with the strictest frugality.
I think with you, that a set of Shoe makers tools—and some spare leather, in each regiment or brigade, would be very proper. I shall endeavour to have them sent forward, if to be procured by the board of war.
That part of late Malcoms regiment belonging to Pennsylvania, now doing duty with Col. Spencers, has orders to join the 11th Pennsylvania when it reaches Susquehannah. I shall however repeat the order to Gen: Sullivan to this purpose.
When Captain Schot was at this camp I expressed my sentiments to him pretty freely to which I would refer. The difficulties attending the introduction of officers of one corps into those of another, are such as to forbid almost any further experiments of this kind. If Capn Schot and his officers should not be willing to submit to the inconveniencies of the service I can only lament their loss.
General Sullivan will give directions on the propriety of the measure recommended by Major Prowel. He will also receive your communications while on the present command.
With respect to your relative rank in the line of Brigadiers. It is a subject on which I have never given any opinion. Should it be found to interfere with that of others when you join this army, that mode will be adopted for its determination which may appear freest from exception. To do justice and preserve harmony is my principal care—Be assured therefore no advantage whatsoever shall be taken from remoteness of situation so far as I am concerned. I am sir your most hble servt
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Alexander McDougall, 31 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

Dr Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook May 31st 79

I have just received your two favours of the 29th and 30th. I this morning received similar intelligence of the enemy’s movement towards the white Plains, from Elizabeth Town. The day before yesterday, General St Clair moved with the Pensylvania division from this camp towards Springfield—I have now directed him to continue his route to Pompton and govern himself afterwards according to circumstances and the intelligence he shall receive from you. You will be pleased to open a correspondence with him. The rest of the army would have been in motion ere this; but for the want of waggons. I have ordered another division to be in instant readiness to follow.

If it should be the enemy’s intention to operate on your left flank, the stores at Fish Kill and in the vicinity may be in danger. You will no doubt take timely precautions for their security. Is it not adviseable to remove them to this side of the river, or to put them in vessels ready to be transported away at a moments warning?
The inclosed letter to Col. Sheldon puts him under your orders. I am Dr Sir Yr most Obedt serv.
Go: Washington
P.S. That you may be able to compare intelligence, I send you an extract from the letter of the officer commanding at E. Town.
I have just received a return of the British light infantry dated the 25th of April, which has the appearance of authenticity—It consisted of fifteen companies—7th 17th 22d 23d 26th 33d 37th 38th 42d 43d 44th 54th 57th 63d & 64th.

Non Comd Officers & privates

The present doing duty is
521

On duty at Jamaica
 30

On Command
 85

	Total effectives   850


Title: To George Washington from Major General Alexander McDougall, 31 May 1779
From: McDougall, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Sir
Head Quarters Pecks Kill [N.Y.] May 31st 1779

I have just Time to inform your Excellency, that last Evening the Enemy had about forty Sail of Vessels at Phillips’s, His Troops encamped from the North River to Mile square; and the Intelligence adds, that from the Position of the Transports, it appear’d they were embarking Troops. I have the Honor to be your Excellency’s very humble servant
Alexr McDougall


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General John Neilson, 31 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Neilson, John

Sir
Head Quarters Middlebrook 31st May 1779.

I was this morning favored with your letter of the 30th with the New-York papers.
That you may be enabled to keep up your correspondence in this way, I transmit you some of our latest in return.
I am much obliged to you for the intelligence—and am persuaded you will be assiduous in procuring the earliest information from the enemy, and in doing every thing in your power to promote the objects of your command. At this moment it is of great importance to learn their motions and whatever may lead us to a judgement of their intentions. I am sir your obedient and most hble servt
Go: Washington
P.S. You will be pleased to ascertain as soon as possible the number of boats at Elizabeth town, and in its vicinity, that could be drawn together at a short notice; with the number of men they can carry. You will do this in such a manner as to prevent all suspicion in the tories or the enemy and make me the communication as soon as you are satisfied on this subject.
Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Enoch Poor, 31 May 1779
From: Poor, Enoch
To: Washington, George

Sir
Easton [Pa.] May 31st 1779

I am informed that while Colo. Hazen commanded my Brigade you sent forward the Arrangement of the New Hamp: Line desiring such Casualties might be noted as had taken Place since it was given in, which Arrangement Colo. Hazen has not transmitted Me—by Capt. Fogg I send one with the alterations desired, other wise similar to the former—Lt McGaffee of the 3 Regt is deranged who being on Furlough refused to Join his Regt when ordered chusing rather to retire to his Farm—Lt Gilman of the 2d is cashiered, and one Capt. in the Same Regt was omitted, I suppose thro Mistake in Copying who in the inclosed is inserted—the Officers being very desirous of their Commissions Capt. Fogg will wait a few Days if they can be delivered.
The State of New Hampshire have appointed fourteen Ensigns in their Line and given them Certificates as pr the inclosed. I am your Excellency’s Most Obt and h’ble Servant
Enoch Poor


Title: From George Washington to Major General Arthur St. Clair, 31 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: St. Clair, Arthur

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 31st May 1779.

I have received information that the enemy were at White Plains on the 29th. You will therefore be pleased to proceed immediately with your Division towards Pompton, acting afterwards agreable to the instructions you have already received. It is probable you will be joined there by Colo. Clark with the Carolina Troops—I have sent him Orders to meet you at that Place subject to this condition, that they are not to contravene any directions he may have received or shall receive from General McDougal, to whose Orders he has all along been subject. I shall put the Virginia Division in motion to follow you as soon as possible. I am Dear Sir Your most Obedt Servt
Go: Washington

P.S. since writing the above I have received a line from Genll McDougall informing me that he had Ordered Clark to the Fort.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Arthur St. Clair, 31 May 1779
From: St. Clair, Arthur
To: Washington, George

Sir
Spring Field [N.J.] May 31st 1779

Your Excellencys Letter came to hand about seven OClock last Night at this Place. Colonell Hubley will set out to Day, and by him I shall write to Governour Reed about the Appointment of the necessary Officers after having consulted with the Gentlemen commanding Regiments; I believe they find some Difficulty in getting such Persons to serve as they would wish to recommend, which is the Reason it has not been done sooner.
Two Peices of Artillery joined last Night and two more will be up this Morning, which is all that General Knox has ordered—I understood your Excellency that we should have six. A few Horsemen would be necessary. I have not a Creature even to carry a Letter to your Excellency, if the Case was ever so urgent.
I gave Colonell Nelson Notice of my Arrival, last Night, upon a Report that the Ennemy were expected at Elizabeth Town, but it was entirely groundless, nor does he mention any movement of theirs at all—Mr Caldwell, who has been there all Night, is expected every Minute and will probably be able to give some Intelligence. I have the Honour to be Sir your most obedient Servant
Ar. St Clair


Title: To George Washington from Major General Arthur St. Clair, 31 May 1779
From: St. Clair, Arthur
To: Washington, George

Sir
Spring field [N.J.] May 31st 1779 12 oClock

Previous to the Receipt of your Excellency’s Letter of this Day, (which arrived about four Hours ago) whilst I was examining the Ground pointed out for the Division to take Post in, I met with Coll Ogden, who informed he had seen a Person, (from New York last Night, that might be depended upon) who informed him that the whole of the Ennemy’s Army were marched towards White Plains. that a Quantity of Fascines were embarked on board some Vessels in the east River; many more prepared and laying at the Narrows on both sides the River, which were expected to be embarked this Day; of which, if I had had the Means in my Power, I should have given you Information sooner. This seems to agree with the Intelligence your Excellency has received, and particularly marks a design upon the Posts in the Highlands. But they may have other Objects. to prevent the Junction of our Army on either side the North River; or, failing in that; having drawn our attention to prevent their effecting it, to make a sudden movement towards New London; which, when considered in itself, although a place of little consequence in the General Scale, is of much importance both to them & us. Be these as they may—I shall move very early tomorrow, to the Northward. Two Routes however lye before me—that under the Newark Mountain & that above it; both bring me to a plan marked in my Instructions viz. Pompton. I presume your Excellency intended Pompton Meeting House on the Plains—Taking the lower Road, I am satisfied would give most Satisfaction to the Country; but, as you have been pleased not to give me an Express Route to that Place, I have determined upon the Upper one for these Reasons—We can arrive sooner at the Place where we can be of Service if the Ennemys Designs are against the Posts in the Highlands, and we avoid some difficulties that might arise from the Ennemys landing a Party, & possessing themselves of the Country about Paramus, knowing, as I presume they will, that a part of the Army, only, are in motion, the Pissaiack River in Front, & the Mountain on our Flank, as I am informed, at particular Places, only, practicable. At all Events I shall not be able to move above ten, or twelve Miles to morrow on account of Provision—The Commissaries, depending upon some supplies here, have been obliged to send some of their Waggons back to the Magazine—I enclose a Certificate from one of them, by which your Excellency will be able to Judge how fast we may be expected to move; for I am not informed of any Magazines on my Route, But if it is in the Country, within Reach, unless you forbid it, it shall be taken, and not Wantonly.
I beg leave to repeat the Necessity of a few Horse—many would only encumber us. The Artillery, for the present is fully sufficient; and even those, should Circumstances require us to act amongst the Hills—I should wish to be clear of.
I have not yet got the Nomination of the Ensigns, nor can, corresponding with your Excellency’s Views ask it for some Regiments, most of them are without their proper commanding Officers; and some without Field officers at all.

The Division is also without any of the Inspector General’s Officers. Major Ryan who has acted as Division Inspector, is very Agreeable to Baron Steuben, but some Rank in the Line required, by the Resolve of Congress, for that Office operates against him—he has however the Rank of Major in the Army—The Sub: Inspector must be a Lt Col:—I know no other in the Line Capable of it, but Col. Harmar, & he is sick absent—he will I am in hopes join us soon.
The Brigadiers would Certainly wish the nomination of the Brigade Majors—I have but one Brigadier, and he absent on Duty. A Mr McCormick has long done that Duty to the first Brigade, & tells me he has a Commission as Brigade Major , but has no Rank in the Line whatever.
as far as I have seen, he appears attentive—it would be extreemly hard upon him after having considered himself for two or three Years as a Major to come in an Ensign. He says General Irvine is satisfied he should remain. Did not Congress mean a future operation from the Resolve?
I shall take the first possible & safe opertunity to inform General McDougal of my Situation & Progress and have the Honour to be Sir your Excellencys most obedient Servant
Ar. St Clair


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Elisha Sheldon, 31 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Sheldon, Elisha

Sir
Head Qrs Middle brook May 31st 1779.

Having received intelligence that the enemy are advancing to the white plains—& other appearances indicating a capital manœuvre in that Quarter you will put such part of your Regiment as are mounted immediately in motion for the Posts on the North River and obey such orders as you shall receive from Majr General McDougal or the Officer commanding there, (Majr Genl Putnam being designed for a Comd in this part of the Army). I am Sir Yr very Hble Ser.
G. W——n


Title: From George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 31 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

Sir,
[Middlebrook, 31 May 1779]

The expedition you are appointed to command is to be directed against the hostile tribes of the six nations of Indians, with their associates and adherents. The immediate objects are the total destruction and devastation of their settlements and the capture of as many prisoners of every age and sex as possible. It will be essential to ruin their crops now in the ground and prevent their planting more.
The troops to be employed under your commmand are—Clintons, Maxwells, Poors and Hands Brigades and ten independent companies raised in the State of Pennsylvania—In Hands Brigade, I comprehend all the detached corps of Continental troops now on the Susquehanna and Spencers regiment—Cortlandts I consider as belonging to Clintons Brigade—Aldens may go to Poors & Butlers & the rifle corps to Maxwells or Hands according to their comparative strength and circumstances.
Clintons Brigade you are informed has been ordered to rendezvous at Conojoharie, subject to your orders either to form a junction with the main body on the Susquehannah, by way of Otsege—or to proceed up the Mohawk river and co-operate in the best manner circumstances will permit—as you judge most adviseable.
So soon as your preparations are in sufficient forwardness, you will assemble your main body at Wyoming and proceed thence to Tioga, taking from that place the most direct and practicable route into the heart of the Indian settlements—You will establish such intermediate posts as you think necessary for the security of your communication and convoys, nor need I caution you, while you leave a sufficiency of men for their defence to take care to diminish your operating force as little as possible. A post at Tioga will be particularly necessary—either a stockade Fort or an intrenched camp—if the latter a blockhouse should be erected in the interior.
I would recommend that some post in the center of the Indian Country should be occupied with all expedition, with a sufficient quantity of provision, whence parties should be detached to lay waste all the settlements around with instructions to do it in the most effectual manner, that the country may not be merely overrun but destroyed.
I beg leave to suggest as general rules that ought to govern your operations—to make rather than receive attacks, attended with as much impetuosity, shouting and noise as possible, and to make the troops act in as loose and dispersed a way as is consistent with a proper degree of government concert and mutual support—It should be previously impressed upon the minds of the men wherever they have an opportunity, to rush on with the war hoop and fixed bayonet—Nothing will disconcert and terrify the Indians more than this.
I need not urge the necessity of using every method in your power, to gain intelligence of the enemy’s strength motions and designs; nor need I suggest the extraordinary degree of vigilance and caution which will be necessary to guard against surprises from an adversary so secret desultory & rapid as the Indians.
If a detachment operates on the Mohawk River the commanding Officer should be instructed to be very watchfull that no troops come from Oswegatchie and Niagara to Oswego without his knowledge; and for this purpose he should keep trusty spies at those three places to advertise him instantly of the movement of any party and its force. This detachment should also endeavour to keep up a constant intercourse with the main body.
More than common care will be necessary of your arms and ammunition from the nature of the service—They should be particularly inspected after a rain or the passage of any deep water.
After you have very thoroughly completed the destruction of their settlements; if the Indians should show a disposition for peace, I would have you to encourage it, on condition that they will give some decisive evidence of their sincerity by delivering up some of the principal instigators of their past hostility into our hands—Butler, Brandt, the most mischievous of the tories that have joined them or any other they may have in their power that we are interested to get into ours—They may possibly be engaged, by address, secrecy and stratagem, to surprise the Garrison of Niagara and the shipping on the lakes and put them into our possession. This may be demanded as a condition of our friendship and would be a most important point gained—If they can render a service of this kind you may stipulate to assist them in their distress with supplies of provisions and other articles of which they will stand in need, having regard in the expectations you give them to our real abilities to perform. I have no power at present to authorise you to conclude a treaty of peace with them but you may agree upon the terms of one, letting them know that it must be finally ratified by Congress and giving them every proper assurance that it will. I shall write to Congress on the subject and endeavour to obtain more ample and definitive authority.
But you will not by any means listen to ⟨any⟩ overture of peace before the total ruin of their settlements is effected—It is likely enough their fears if they are unable to oppose us, will compel them to offers of peace, or policy may lead them, to endeavour to amuse us in this way to gain time and succour for more effectual opposition. Our future security will be in their inability to injure us the distance to which they are driven and in the terror with which the severity of the chastisement they receive will inspire ⟨them.⟩ Peace without this would be fallacious and temporary—New presents and an addition of force from the enemy would engage them to break it the first fair opportunity and all the expence of our extensive preparations would be lost.
When we have effectually chastised them we may then listen to peace and endeavour to draw further advantages from their fears. But even in this case great caution will be necessary to guard against the snares which their treachery may hold out—They must be explicit in their promises give substantial pledges for their performance and execute their engagements with decision and dispatch. Hostages are the only kind of security to be depended on.
Should Niagara fall into your hands in the manner I have mentioned—you will do every thing in your power for preserving & maintaining it, by establishing a chain of posts, in such manner as shall appear to you most safe and effectual and tending as little to reduce our general force as possible—Th⟨is⟩ however we shall be better able to decide as the future events of the campaign unfold themselves—I shall be more explicit on the subject hereafter.

When you have completed the objects of your expedition, unless otherwise directed in the mean time, you will return to form a junction with the main army by the most convenient expeditious and secure route according to circumstances—The Mohawk river, if it can be done without too great risk, will perhaps be most elegible on several accounts. Much should depend on the relative position of the main army at the time.
As it is impossible to foresee what may be the exigences of the service in this quarter, this united with other important reasons make⟨s⟩ it essential that your operations should be as rapid and that the expedition should be perform⟨ed in as little t⟩ime as will be consistent with ⟨its success and e⟩fficacy.
And here I cannot forbear repeating my former caution, that your troops may move as light and as little encumbered as possible even from their first outset—The state of our Magazines demands it as well as other considerations—if much time should be lost in transporting the troops and stores up the river—the provisions for the expedition will be consumed and the general scantiness of our supplies will not permit their being replaced—conse⟨quently⟩ the whole enterprise may be defeated—I would recommend it to you for this purpose that the General Officers should make an actual inspection of the baggage of their several Brigades and absolutely reject to be left behind, at proper places every articles that can be dispensed with on the expedition—This is an extraordinary case and requires extraordinary attention.
Relying perfectly upon your judgment prudence and activity—I have the highest expectation of success equal to our wishes; and I beg leave to assure you, that I anticipate with great pleasure, the honor which will redound to yourself and the advantage to the common cause, from a happy termination of this important enterprise. Given at Head Quarters Middle Brook 31st May 1779.
⟨Go: Washington⟩


Title: From George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 31 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

Dr Sir
Hd Qrs Middlebrook 31 May 1779.

I transmit you a letter of the 8th—extracts of the 12th—and one of the 24th instant from Brigadier General Hand, which he forwarded to me, not knowing where to find you. I have mentioned in my letter to Gen: Hand my forwarding Them to you.
I shall write the board of war to send the supplies of clothing for the 11th Pennsylvania regiment I shall also request them—to forward a set of shoemakers tools &c. for each brigade—or regiment These will serve in some measure to lessen our demands on the article of shoes—and of course lessen our portage.
As to the propriety of dismounting the men under Capn Carbury as mentioned by Major Prowel I leave it entirely to your directions.
It looks as if both men and horse might be better employed than in the condition in which they now act. The one by joining the regiment—the other as pack horses or the like.
That part of late Malcom’s regiment which belongs to the 11th Pennsylvania and now doing duty with Col. Spencer’s is to join its own regiment on its arrival at the Susquehannah.
Col. Shreves Regiment is now on its march to Easton. It passed this place yesterday. The remains of late Formans which accompanies it, you will be pleased to order to join Col. Spencers—I hope the incorporation of the officers and men of the corps with the regiment will render it pretty complete & subject to no further changes.
Inclosed you have my instructions for your goverment—The more I consider the object of baggage, the more forcibly does the necessity of disencumbering both of officers and men press upon my mind. In addition to what I have said in the instructions suffer me to request your particular attention to see your army in such a situation with respect to lightness as will give it that rapidity of motion upon which so much of our success will depend. All superfluous baggage—every thing not absolutely indispensible to both officer and soldier should be deposited at Easton. The officers I am persuaded will see the propriety of the measure and adopt it without hesitation.
I also transmit you extracts from a letter of General Schuyler of the 21st instant. The letter to which he aludes has been sent you. I am Dr Sir &c.
G. W——n


Title: To George Washington from Major General John Sullivan, 31 May 1779
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Easton [Pa.] May 31st 1779

I Last Evening returned from the Great Swamp for which place I Set off the Day before I found the Road Cleared to within twenty three miles of wyoming & through all the Difficult parts of the Swamp Colo. Cilleys Regt has Joined Courtlandts & Spensers to assist in Clearing the Road. I find that those persons who pretended to know the Country misrepresented matters Exceedingly The Indian Path was no kind of advantage nor does the Road now Cut follow it half a mile in the whole way the Road is new Cut the whole Distance & through a Country the most Difficult I Ever Saw—it is not possible for a Country to be Thicker with wood among which the Laurels are So thick that a man cannot get through them but on his hands & Knees The number of Sloughs & Creeks are almost Incredible nothwithstanding all these Difficulties Cols. Courtland & Spenser have So Exerted themselves as to have a Road very passable for a Coach. They & their men have great merit for their Industry what now remains is nothing Compared with what they have done. on my Return I was Honored with your Excellenceys favor of the 28 with its Inclosures Copies of which I immediately forwarded to General Hand Lt Colo. Smith will Join him tomorrow by 12 of Clock with 200 men ogdens Regt moves for wyoming tomorrow Leaving their Baggage to Come on with the Army the Road will be ready for the Army in five Days If your Excellencey has any further orders or Instructions I shall be happy to receive them. I have the Honor to Inclose your Excellencey Copy of a Letter from Colo. Blain that you may See our prospects on the Susqehannah & wish your Excelly to advise me when you think proper for us to move on I think the Detachments Sent on will be Sufficient to Secure wyoming against any attack & to afford Sufficient Guards for the Stores Especially as three Regiments are So near & Constantly moving nearer to the Garrison I have wrote in the most pressing terms to the President & Councils of Pensylvania to Send on their ranging Companies to Guard the Stores on the Susquehannah & if they are not ready to order out Some militia for the purpose as the Sending troops from hence would be attended with great Delay & the Fatigue to the Troops would be highly Injurious. I have Ever feared more Delay from the Susquehannah than from this Quarter for Difficult as the Country is the road would have been Compleated to wyoming before this Day if the weather had not been So unfavourable we have been oblidged to Bridge the Talehannah & Several other Creeks not Laid Down in any of our maps but as the Country is without any Hills it will be an Exellent road when Compleated—I Shall in Consequence of your Excellenceys Instructions be as favorable as possible in my Demands for Supplies in future—I have the Honor to be with the most profound Respect Dr General yr Excellys most obedt Servant
Jno. Sullivan


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Woodford, 31 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Woodford, William

Sir,
Head Quarters [Middlebrook] May 31st 79

I request you will exert yourself to get the division under yr command in instant readiness to march at an hours warning. It will point towards The North River. I have received some recent intelligence which makes it necessary we should be in motion. If you cannot procure waggons for the transportation of your heavy baggage; you will prepare to move without it, leaving a proper guard of your most indifferent men with some careful officers to take charge of it and follow as soon as possible. You will have two or three day⟨s⟩ provision cooked. I am Sir Yr Obed. servt
G: W——n


Title: From George Washington to the Board of War, 1 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

          Gentlemen.
          Head Quarters Middlebrook 1st June 1779.

        I transmit you the arrangement of the three New-Hampshire Regiments which I have just received—and request you will make out and forward me the commissions as soon as it can be done. The board will perceive the several promotions that are to be made, and the dates which the commissions are to bear.
        General Hand writes me of an application for clothing wanted in the 11th Pennsylvania Regiment. Should the board have taken no order on the occasion I am to beg their compliance with it as far as our stores will admit.
        He also mentions in the same letter the great consumption of Shoes arising from the troops being in almost constant motion. The shoes he remarks, which are thrown away after a weeks wear, as useless, would by a little repairs, be rendered very serviceable. To answer this purpose he recommends a set of shoe-makers tools and spare pieces of leather for soles &c. to be sent to each regiment. The proposition appears to me very good. I would therefore recommend it to the notice of the board. A proportion, of sets of tools, and spare bits of leather &c., should be forwarded as soon as possible, part to Gen. Hand and the rest to Easton; of which the board will be pleased to advise General Sullivan, in case it is thought worth the trial.
        Inclosed is two commissions with the dates of the resignations endorsed. The board will be pleased to return Commissions for the officers next in succession. I am Gen. &.

          G.W.


Title: From George Washington to the Continental Congress Marine Committee, 1 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Continental Congress Marine Committee

          Gentlemen,
          Head Quarters Middle Brook June 1st 1779.

        This will be delivered you by Major Blodget, who has served with reputation in the army since the commencement of the war in the capacities of Brigade Major & Aide De Camp to General Greene—The late arrangement of the army unavoidably places the Gentlemen in this line, of former appointment on a footing comparitively so disadvantageous as in addition to other motives to have determined Major Blodget to leave the Army—He is still anxious to be useful in the military line, if he can be more agreeably situated and has signified to me that there is a vacancy for a captain of marines on board the Dean frigate, which he would be glad to fill—In justice to this Gentleman’s early zeal and meritorious conduct in the service I take the liberty to recommend him to the Committee as one who deserves encouragement and who I have every reason to believe will justify the trust, if circumstances permit its being reposed in him. I have the honor to be Very Respectfully Gentlemen Yr Most Obedt serv.


Title: Council of General Officers, 1 June 1779
From: Council of General Officers
To:

          [Middlebrook, 1 June 1779]

        At a Council of General Officers held at Head Quarters Middle Brook the 1st day of June 1779.

            Present

            The Commander in Chief

            Major General
            Greene
            Brigadrs

            Stirling
            Smallwood

            Kalb
            Knox

            Steuben
            Woodford

            Muhlenberg

            Portail

            Irvin.

        The General states to the Council that in the Court Martial appointed for the trial of Major General Arnold—Brigadier General Irvin, Colo. Butler and Lt. Colo. Harmar of the pennsylvania Line were nominated Members. That Major General Arnold this day, at the meeting of the Court objected to these three Gentlemen, by a peremptory challenge and that his objection was admitted by the Court— and signified in a Letter from the Judge Advocate hereunto annexed; requesting the appointment of two other Members to replace them, there having been a mistake in the first nomination of Fourteen instead of thirteen Members.
        As the Articles of War are intirely silent on the right of the prisoner to challenge the Members of a Court—either peremptorily or otherwise—and consequently on the extent of that right, with respect to the proportion of Members subject to be challenged—The

Commander in Chief requests the opinion of the Council upon this subject, that some general principle may be adopted to regulate the present and all future trials.
        The General further states to the Council, that in the formation of the Court appointed, regard was had, as is customary to a proportion between the Officers of the different corps, composing the Army in this Camp, which will appear from the List of Officers herewith. He therefore requests the opinion of the Council from what line it will be most adviseable to take the Officers to replace the Two Members now deficient. This he doubts not will be governed by a due regard to Military propriety and the convenience of the Army as well as by other considerations.
        His Excellency the Commander in Chief having received intelligence that the Enemy had moved out in full force from New York to Kings’ bridge & towards the White plains—and, during our deliberations on the points submitted by the foregoing state, a Letter from Colo. Thos Clark, dated at paramus the 31st Ulto at 7 O’Clock P.M., advising that the Enemy were at Tallers point with Forty two sail, Six of which were very large, and a number of flat bottomed Boats, and that they had landed a party of Men on the other side of the North River and a party on this at the Slote—We are of opinion, upon the question being propounded, that the situation of Affairs renders it necessary to postpone the consideration of the matters so submitted to us—and that the meeting of the Members nominated to compose the said Court Martial be deferred till the Commander in Chief shall judge the circumstances of the service will better admit of it.

Nath. Greene M.G.

Duportail
W. Smallwood B.G.
Stirling M.g.

Wm Irvine B.G.
H. Knox B.G. Artilly
The Baron de Kalb m.g.

Wm Woodford B. Genl
Steuben M.G.

P. Muhlenberg B.G.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Mordecai Gist, 1 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Gist, Mordecai

          Dear Sir,
          Head Qrs Middlebrook June 1st 1779.

        I intended to send the inclosed by you, but hurry of business prevented it. The letter for Colo. Rogers you will be so good as to deliver, or cause to be delivered, safely. The other for a Mr Bowers, with his letter to me (also inclosed) I am embarrassed about. However well meant these things are they rather distress than please, especially when they proceed from men of whom we have no knowledge, either of their political or moral characters—In this predicament I stand with respect to Mr Bowers, & therefore take the liberty of ⟨m⟩aking you an Agent in the business.
        If Mr Bowers is a man in such ⟨c⟩ircumstances, and of such character, ⟨a⟩s not to ⟨r⟩ender the acceptance of his cloth ⟨i⟩mproper, I request the favor of you to forward my letter to him; but even in this case, if I could offer him something as an equivalent ⟨I⟩ should be better pleased provided he would not ⟨t⟩hink himself hurt at the idea of pay—On the other hand—if upon enquiry, or your own knowledge ⟨of⟩ Mr Bowers, you should judge it not ⟨r⟩ight in me to receive any thing from him as a present, I beg the favor of you ⟨to⟩ withhold the letter, & advise me of it, ⟨th⟩at I may return the Cloth. I unwilling⟨ly⟩ give you this trouble, but I know you will excuse it in Dr Sir Yr most Obedt Se⟨r⟩.

          G. W——n


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Richard Humpton, 1 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Humpton, Richard

          Sir
          Head Qrs [Middlebrook] June 1st 1779

        I received several days ago Your favor of the 20th Ulto—and have been prevented from answering it before, by a variety of pressing business. I assure you Sir, nothing would give me greater pleasure, than a perfect arrangement of the Army and I sincerely wish that every Officer was placed at the point to which he is intitled. With respect to the case under consideration, your claim to rank above Colo. Chambers, it is impossible for me to interfere in the matter. In August 1777 a Board of Genl Officers sat from the 15 to the 19 for the express purpose of adjusting the disputes between the Field Officers in the pennsylvania line, and fixing their relative rank when it was determined that Colo. Chambers ought to have precedence of you. This Arrangement was transmitted to Congress, who on the 12th of November following confirmed the principles and proceedings of the Board—voted a recall of the Officers former Commissions and issued New Ones, which were delivered and have been acted under ever since. After this proceeding—the result of much care and pains in the first instance and in the last sanctioned and directed by Congress—I cannot authorise a revival of your claim, which would also be directly contrary both to the Letter & Spirit of the Resolution of the 24th of Novr last. I am Sir with regard Yr Most Obedt servt

          G. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Alexander McDougall, 1 June 1779
From: McDougall, Alexander
To: Washington, George

          Sir,
          Continental Village [N.Y.] June 1st 1779, 9 A.M.

        yesterday at one P.M. the Enemies Vessells in great numbers as per margin came up as far Haverstraw Bay, and Landed about 15,00 men at Tallars point. The Van of his Vessells is near the Ferry—Two prisoners taken last night agree in the account that the Enemies detachment had returned from Virginia, and did not land at Newyork, and compose apart of their Army now on the River. The Block-House on the west side of the Ferry was not so far advanced as to render it prudent to put a Garrison in it, and it was in such forwardness, that the Enemy might in a few days make a Post of it, which would give us infinite trouble. To prevent this I ordered it to be burned. The work on the East side embarasses the Enemy, and he seems reluctant to pass it—Nothing new this morning from the Enemy. Parsons Brigade is on its March from Bedford to Fish-Kill. The two Carolina regiments I have ordered to fall back into west-Point; the Militia of Ulster is also ordered in and Col. Malcom goes with them. I trust if the Enemy attempt those works by storm; he will be so cripled as not to appear in the Field again in America. Col. Gouvion was there yesterday and reports to me, that the state of the works the temper & Harmony of the Garri[s]ons are very Promasing. All the Stores of any moment are moved from hence & those at Fish-Kill are moving as fast as we can. The Enemy are in great Force, Generals Clinton Kniphausen and Van [Vaughan] are with the army. I am Your Excellenies very Hble Servant

          P.S. This geos via of Fish Kill.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Stirling, 1 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)

          My Lord.
          Middle Brook June 1st 1779

        For some time past my intelligence from the enemy pointed to a considerable movement. By My last accounts from General McDougall of the 30th May, the enemy had advanced from Kings Bridge in force, and was then near the White plains. It is not easy to fix a just opinion of his object. We however know what points we should secure. On last Saturday the Pennsylvania troops marched on the route to Pompton. Your division will move to-morrow in case every thing is ready in the quarter masters line—and the Maryland troops the day after—to ground more relative to our posts on the Highland and the present situation of the enemy.
        As his manœuvers may throw us frequently into motion while the court martial on the trial of Genl Arnold will employ a number of our officers—I shall be happy if you have completed your business so far as to be able without inconvenience to rejoin the army.


Title: From George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 1 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

          Dear Sir
          Head Quarter’s Middlebrook. 1 June 1779.

        Your favor of the 31st came to hand this morning.
        By my instructions which were transmitted yesterday you will observe that it is my wish for you to commence your operations the moment you have got yourself in readiness. We have no time to lose and I am happy to find every thing in so perfect a train. I am Dear sir &c.


Title: General Orders, 2 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Wednesday June 2nd 79
          Parole Lawemburg—C. Signs Leeds. Leek.

        The meeting of the Court for the trial of Major General Arnold is defered ’till further orders—the exigency of the public service not permitting it to sit at this time.
        The General Court Martial of which Colonel Green is President is dissolved.
        Lieutenant Colonel Simms is appointed to superintend the hospitals in Pennsylvania.
        The Maryland-line, in case they are not in actual preparation to move, will apply to the Quarter Master General to equip them as they are to march tomorrow morning.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Benedict Arnold, 2 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Arnold, Benedict

          Dear Sir
          Head Quarters [Middlebrook] June 2d 1779.

        I am sorry to inform You that the Situation of Affairs will not permit a Court Martial to proceed on your Trial at this Time. The Movements of the Enemy make it indispensably necessary, that the Army should at least advance towards the North River, with all practicable Expedition & require that the Officers appointed to compose the Court, should be with the several Commands.
        The following is A Copy of the Opinion of the General Officers upon the Occasion, who were convened Yesterday Evening, to consider of some Points, which I judged it material to submit to them respecting your Trial, in Consequence of a Letter from the Judge Advocate.
        “His Excellency the Commander in Chief havi⟨ng⟩ received Intelligence that the Enemy had moved out i⟨n⟩ full force from New York to Kingsbridge & towards the white Plains, and, during our Deliberations on the Points submitted by the foregoing State, a Letter from

Colo. Thos Clark, Dated at Paramus the 31st ulto at 7 O’Clock P.M. advising that the Enemy were at Tallers Point with forty two Sail, Six of which were very large and a Number of flat bottomed Boats, & that they had landed a Party of Men on the other Side of the North river & a Party on this Side of the Slote.
        “We are of Opinion, upon the Question being propounded, that the Situation of Affairs render it necessary to postpone the Consideration of the Matters so submitted to us, and that the Meeting of the Members nominated to compose the said Court Martial be Deferred ’till the Commander in Chief shall judge the Circumstances of the Service will better admit it.”
        It is still a Matter of greater Concern, that it is impossible for me, to fix the Time when the Court will sit, as it must depend on the Enemys Operations. Whenever these will permit, You shall be informed and of the Day; And You may rest assured, there shall be no Delay, but such as proceeds from necessity & the Exigency of the public service. I am Dr Sir Your most Obedt Servt

          George Washington.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General James Clinton, 2 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, James

          Dr Sir
          Head Quarters Middlebrook 2d June 1779.

        I have to acknowlege your favor of the 23d May.
        The taking of the two light three pounders in place of the artillery of the brigade, as you propose will depend entirely on the place of your junction with General Sullivan. If on the Susquehannah there will be no necessity to carry any artillery whatsoever, as General Sullivan has made adequate provision. If the other route is determined on I have no objection to your moving with these two pieces.
        I do not conceive much danger from letting the mortar remain in

Albany. Should I find that it can be employed I shall give orders on the subject.
        If Major Wright and the officers you mention have behaved up to the spirit of their parole; and there are no reasons to suspect them, it might be as well to continue their indulgence. But should it be otherwise you will have them properly restricted. I am sir, your most obt and hble servt

          Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Johann Kalb, 2 June 1779
From: Kalb, Johann
To: Washington, George

          Camp Middle Brook June 2d 1779.

        By the letter your Excellency honored me with the 28th may it appears that the forces of the Enemy on Rhode Island Newyork,

            Long & Staten Islands consist yet of about
            15000

            They have in Cheasapeak Bay
             2000

            I Suppose them to have in Georgia
             4000

            If they receive from Europe as they Expect, no less then
             5000

            Their forces employed against the United states will amount to
            26000

        Besides their Troops in Canada on the Lakes, and the Indians that may join them from different parts & Nations.
        Our own forces in New Jersey, Newyork Connecticut and Rhode

Island States, what we may bring into the field against their main army, I conceive to be not above 12000 (more or less can not make a material difference) few recruits being expected, & those of Virginia to be employed by Gl Scott, and those Troops employed in Georgia being at too Great a distance from us to be ordered here, if even the Enemies withdrew their forces from the Southern States.
        The Enemy with thier free navigation (as long as it will last) may collect all their army in a few days even before we can get intelligence thereof. Therefore I Set down that they have 26000 Men against less then half this Number.
        For these reasons I think it becomes us to be on the defensive (except Circumstances change) on North river and as near the Enemy as may be consistent with prudence, The militia to be allways in Readiness at the shortest warning, to turn out for the defense of their own States, our main army to observe the movement of the Enemy and to follow them, if they attempted anything against the Middle States, the most essential part is the defense of the north River, possibly they may try to possess themselves of it to join the Tory and Indian party to the Northward. Whatever may be their meaning and dessign of their present movements, it is certain that they must consider Newyork Rhode, Long & Staten Islands as their principal Ports Therefore I hardly believe that they would weaken them considerably for distant Expeditions.
        I am unacquainted with the means of Supplying our army with Provisions but Should think it difficult if the army was stronger then it is.
        I flater myself that if we can prevent the Enemies from extending their conquests during this campaign, they will give up the contest and offer peace on Such Terms as may be acceptable.

          The Baron de Kalbm. Gl


Title: From George Washington to William Livingston, 2 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, William

          Dr Sir
          Head Quarters Middle Brook [2] June 1779

        General Greene has informed me that he addressed your Excellency some time since upon the subject of Waggons, and suggested that it would be necessary, owing to the difficulties of procuring them in the ordinary way, for the Legislature to authorise Col. M. Foreman to impress them in cases of exigency. I would take the liberty to add, that it appears to me indispensibly necessary for the several Legislatures to give their earliest attention to this subject—and to adopt measures, from which supplies of Waggons may be derived in times of emergency and if this is not done, there is every reason to apprehend that the movements of the Army will be frequently impeded and sometimes found impracticable. We have already experienced great inconveniencies on this head and from the unhappy depreciation of our money, they will most probably increase. I most heartily recommend the subject to your Excellencies consideration and as you will readily perceive that the success and even security of an Army in a variety of cases may depend upon the rapidity with which it may be able to move, I am persuaded it will have every proper countenance and support on your part. The desultory kind of War, which the enemy seem determined to persue, is a further cogent reason for the Legislatures interposing with their authority in the case. I have the honor to be With sentiments of respect & regard Yr Excellency’s Mo. Obet Servt

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Timothy Matlack, 2 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Matlack, Timothy

          sir
          Head Quarters [Middlebrook] June 2d 1779

        I am sorry to inform you, that the situation of Affairs will not permit a Court Martial to proceed on the trial of General Arnold at this Camp. The movements of the Enemy make it indispensibly necessary, that the Army should at least advance towards the North river, with all practicable expedition, and require that the Officers appointed to compose the Court, should be with their several commands. The following is a Copy of the opinion of the General Officers upon the occasion, who were convened yesterday evening to consider of some points, which I judged it material to submit to them respecting the trial, in consequence of a Letter from the Judge Advocate.
        “His Excellency the Commander in Chief having received intelligence, that the Enemy had moved out in full force from New York to Kings bridge and towards the White plains—and, during our deliberations on the points submitted by the foregoing state, a Letter from Colo. Thomas Clark dated at Paramus the 31st Ulto at 7 OClock P.M., advising that the Enemy were at Tallars point with Forty two sail, Six of which were very large, and a number of flat bottom Boats, and that they had landed a party of Men on the other side of the North River and a party on this at the Slote—We are of opinion, upon the question being propounded, that the situation of Affairs renders it necessary to postpone the consideration of the matters so submitted to us & that the meeting of the Members nominated to compose the Court Martial be deferred till the Commander in Chief shall judge the circumstances of the service will better admit of it.” The Witnesses from this relation of facts will perceive on what grounds the trial is postponed, and it is a matter of great concern to me, that I cannot fix the time when the Court will sit, as it must depend on the Enemy’s operations. Whenever these will permit, the Trial will be proceeded on and notice of the day communicated that the Evidences may attend. I am Sir with great respect Yr Most Obedt sert

          Go: Washington

          P.S. As the movements of the Enemy may possibly admit of the Court Martial’s sitting in the course of Two or three or a few days, I am just informed that General Arnold intends to go to Morris Town and to wait events. If the Witnesses should also choose to remain in the vicinity of the Army it may conduce to dispatch.

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Alexander McDougall, 2 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

          Dear Sir,
          Head Quarters Middle Brook June 2d 1779

        I enclose you copies of my two Letters of the 30th and 31st, lest any accident should have happened to the originals.
        Col. Clarke has informed me that he had received intelligence of the enemy being at Tallar’s point with 42 sail and a number of flat-bottomed boats—that they had landed a party of men on the other side the North River and a party at the Slote—That he had called in his out parties and was prepared to move at the shortest notice to West Point, should they move further up the River.
        If you judge it necessary you will of course make application to the States of New York and Connecticut, for aids of militia, so far as the means of supporting them will permit.
        I doubt not you will keep your force collected and your attention fixed on the forts, notwithstanding all the demonstrations the enemy may make, which will naturally wear a variety of faces. I am with great esteem and regard Sir Yr Obedient servant

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Alexander McDougall, 2 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

          Sir,
          Head-Quarters Middle Brook June 2d 1779

        I have just received information from Col. Clarke that the enemy have landed at Kings ferry in considerable force—This day The Virginia division marched towards Pompton where General St Clair expected to arrive this evening. Tomorrow if possible, the Maryland division will move and we shall press forward & with all expedition.
        This will be delivered you by Brigadier General Du Portail, Chief Engineer whose knowlege of his professio⟨n⟩ and military qualifications in gener⟨al⟩ will render him very useful to you if he arrives in time—I recommend him to you as a Gentleman well worthy your confidence. He will chearfully afford his advice and assistance in the line of his profession; but it is also my desire that he may be vested with a command in the garrison according to his rank. To This the regulations of Congress for the Engineering department intitle him.
        It gives me pleasure that the forts at this critical moment are in hands where they may be safely trusted—I doubt not your principal attention will be directed to them as the object first in magnitude and importance and in all probability the real one of the enemy’s design. I am with great Dr Sir Yr Obedt servt

          Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from George Measam, 2 June 1779
From: Measam, George
To: Washington, George

          Sir,
          Springf⟨ield⟩ [Mass., 2 June 1779]

        Your Excellency’s le⟨tter⟩ I had the honor of receiving last night. You m⟨ust⟩ ⟨mutilated⟩ endeavours to forward every thing without the le⟨mutilated⟩ shall come to hand from Boston &c. and e⟨mutilated⟩ articles you write for first; a few are just co⟨mutilated⟩ set off the moment the Quartermr can furni⟨sh⟩ ⟨mutilated⟩ whom I gave your letter; he says he is out ⟨mutilated⟩ will borrow some to forward on what ar⟨mutilated⟩ and most wanted. It is difficult to the g⟨mutilated⟩ Boston here and the Q⟨uartermas⟩tr has orders f⟨or the Council⟩ of War to forward a large quantity of lead in ⟨mutilated⟩ other Stores; and the like pressing orders from ⟨mutilated⟩ for his Stores; and it is with the utmost diffic⟨ulty⟩ ⟨mutilated⟩ long the quantity I have; the particulars of wh⟨ich you⟩ will see by the inclosed Return. The ma⟨mutilated⟩ have been given repeatedly to the Agents for ⟨mutilated⟩ wrote for and I have again repeated it. And ⟨mutilated⟩ be with all respect Sir, Your Excellency⟨’s⟩ Most ⟨mutilated⟩

          Me⟨asam⟩

          I wrote your Excellency the 27th ulto concerning the Blankets what you would chuse should come on, and what be stored here.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General John Neilson, 2 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Neilson, John

          Sir
          Head Quarters Middlebrook 2d June 1779.

        I wish very much to have the information I wrote for yesterday sent me. How many boats can be drawn together—what kind—and the number of men each boat can contain? These were the principal questions. If you have obtained the answer I request it immediately.
        I also am desirous of knowing with all the precision of which the enquiry is capable—the number of men on Staten Island—where they are stationed—whether collected, or at different places—If works are thrown up at each post and their respective force in men. These things I want ascertained without delay. If you have any knowlege of the subject you will communicate it in the mean time; And use every possible means to obtain the most accurate information. I wish you to use diligence—dispatch—and secrecy—and to employ only such persons as you have reason to believe fit for the purpose. The moment you derive your intelligence you will be pleased to forward it by an express.
        I am told the fleet which carried out the troops to Virginia have returned to New-York on Saturday last—I wish to have this ascertained, and if the Troops have also returned. I am Sir Yr Most Obedt Servt

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Captain James Peale, 2 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Peale, James

          Sir
          Head Quarters Middlebrook 2d June 1779.

        I have received your letter of the 1st instant.
        In a settlement of relative rank, in a line so perplexed as yours, no plan could be adopted, capable of giving satisfaction to the officer in all cases. You will be sensible of this on considering the circumstances with which the Maryland line was embarrassed; and the necessity of persuing certain fixed principles in its establishment.
        I have not therefore confirmed your resignation, that you might reconsider the matter, and the propriety of leaving the service at a juncture, when perhaps we shall want the abilities of every good and brave officer. I am sir your most obedient and hble servt.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 2 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

          Sir,
          Head Quarters Middlebrook June 2 1779

        In mine to you of the 24th instant, I requested you to join the main army immediately to take the command of one of the wings—As

things now are at a crisis and every officer ought to be at his station I am to repeat my earnest desire wherever this finds you that you will instantly repair to my Head Quarters—I expect to set out tomorrow towards the Clove by way of Morris Town. I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt servt.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Arthur St. Clair, 2 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: St. Clair, Arthur

          Sir,
          Head Quarters Middle Brook June 2d 1779

        I have received your letter of this date ½ past eight.
        The Virginia division marched this day with orders to endeavour to reach Morris Town tomorrow and to communic⟨ate⟩ with you and

proceed according to intelligence and circumstances—You will be pleased to open a correspondence with the commanding Officer for this purpose.
        Tomorrow if possible the Marylan[d] division will march also and by the same route.
        I send you a small addition of cavalry.
        I rely intirely on your prudence and judgment for taking such measures as the exigency of the case shall require.
        So soon as the last troops move I shall come immediately forward to join you—by the way of Pluckamin and Morris Town. I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obet servant

          Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Ezra Stiles, 2 June 1779
From: Stiles, Ezra
To: Washington, George

          Yale College [New Haven, Conn.] June 2. 1779.

        In a general Course of Liberal Education, as well as in a particular and very curious Invention, Mr Bushnel has displayed such a singular Genius, and evinced such an Acquaintance with the Pyrotecnical Art, and the mathematical Theory of Projectiles, Artillery and Engineering and other mechanical Branches of Experimental Philosophy, as cannot fail to recommend him to Improvement in those military and naval Enterprizes, which require this kind of Knowledge, and all for the Exertion of such Talents and Abilities. And should he be admitted into the Companies of Sappers and Miners now forming, it is not doubted but that Mons. de Portel would find him to surpass any written Recommendation that may be given of him.

          Ezra Stiles Coll. Yal. Prof.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Stirling, 2 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)

          Sir,
          [Middlebrook, 2 June 1779]

        You will be pleased to march immediately with the division under your command towards Pompton by way of Morris Town endeavouring to regulate your march so as to arrive at the latter place tomorrow Evening.
        You will open a correspondence with General St Clair who is on his route from Springfield to Pompton, and has my directions to act afterwards according to circumstances and the information he receives of the movements of the enemy on the North River—and you will govern your conduct by the same principles, keeping in view the support of the Forts on the River as an essential object, at the same time, that you do not lose sight of the general security of the troops on this side of the river, and the facility of forming a junction in case of necessity—You will give me information from day to day of your progress and views.
        You will preserve the strictest discipline and endeavour to prevent every kind of injury to the persons and property of the inhabitants. You will also take uncommon care to lay open no more inclosures of grass or grain, than are absolutely necessary for the purposes of forage.

        I recommend it to your particular attention to observe an exact conformity to the new Regulations for the order and discipline of the army, and to have them carried into ex⟨e⟩cution as speedily as possible. Given at Head Quarters Middle Brook June 2d 1779.

          P.S. I shall take the route from hence by way of Pluckamin & Morris Town to Pompton.


Title: To George Washington from Major General John Sullivan, 2 June 1779
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

          [Easton, Pa., 2 June 1779]

        Extract of a letter from General Sullivan dated June 2d 79 from Easton.
        “I enclose your Excellency copy of a letter from Major Clayborne to General Hand, by which Your Excellency will see the deficiency of the Quarter Master’s department in that quarter and what forwardness matter⟨s⟩ are now in by the exertions of Major Claybor⟨ne⟩.
        “I have the honor to obsere to Your Excellency that in my instructions, there is a clause which perhaps may operate under certain circumstances in a manner which possibly Your Excellency did not intend. I only wish to point out a single case and wish to know Your Excellency’s opinion in case it should happen. The clause I allude to is in these words viz.—‘But you will not by any means listen to any overtures of peace before the total ruin of their settlements is effected’—Suppose they should actually delive⟨r⟩ up such persons as we thought proper to demand from them and deliver up the fort and vessels on the lake and give sufficient hostages for their future good behaviour, whether under these circumstances greater advantages might not result by our having the command of the fort and lakes, which would effectually keep them in awe, than could be derived from the ruin of their country without effecting the other purposes.”


Title: General Orders, 3 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Thursday June 3rd 1779.
          Parole American—Arms—C. Signs Successful Campaign—


Title: From George Washington to the Director of the Military Hospitals, 3 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Director of the Military Hospitals

          Sir.
          [Middlebrook, 3 June 1779]

        You will be pleased to direct the removal of the sick from the hospitals at Sommerset to the huts of the Artillerists at Pluckimin. This is not intended to be executed immediately, as it would draw off from the Army the waggons which may be now employed—but as soon as proper assistance can be procured from the Quarter Master General for this purpose.
        Such sick of the Army as remain on the Ground may be attended to in the huts and removed to Pluckimin with those from the hospitals.
        When the Park moves, you will send a Careful person to Pluckimin to make the necessary arrangements for the reception of the hospital stores and sick, instructing him to avoid interference Should General

Knox have occupied any of the huts &c. with the Stores of the Park. Given at Head Quarters Middle Brook 3d June 1779.

          G: W——n


Title: From George Washington to Major General Nathanael Greene, 3 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

          Sir
          Hd Qrs Middlebrook 3 June 1779.

        I wish you to dispatch a messinger to Philadelphia with orders to bring up to Trenton fifteen or twenty boats, with as much expedition as the nature of the business will admit. At Trenton you will have them put in a state of the greatest readiness to be transported by land at the shortest notice.
        Head Quarters will move to day if possible. I am Sr &.

          G. W——


Title: To George Washington from William Greene, 3 June 1779
From: Greene, William
To: Washington, George

          Sir
          Warwick State of Rhode Island June 3d 1779

        Your Excellency’s favrs of the 11th & 22d of May came Safe to Hand, this State in Consequence of a resolve of Congress Appointed a Sub Clothier the last Session of Assembly I Shall take the Earliest Opportunity to lay your Excelys Letters before the Genl Assembly. with the greatest Esteem & respect I have the Honor to be Sir Your Excellencys Most Obet servant

          W. Greene


Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 3 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

          Sir
          Morris Town [N.J.] June 3: 1779 9 oClock P.M.

        Since I had the Honor of addressing Your Excellency this morning, I received the inclosed papers, by which You will perceive that the Troops & fleet lately employed in Chesepeak bay have returned to New York. I have not received any advices respecting the Enemy since those transmitted in the morning. I have the Honor to be with sentiments of the most perfect respect & esteem Yr Excellency’s Most Obed. sert

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Alexander McDougall, 3 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

          Dr Sir
          Head Quarters Middle Brook June 3: 1779

        I last night received your three favours, One of May the 31st and two of June the 1st. I am happy to find your Affairs seem to be in good train.
        You mention the return of the Detachment from Virginia—This may have happened; but it has not been announced by my intelligence. Perhaps it is designedly given out by the Enemy.
        Their design is now apparently against the Forts and these certainly ought to ingage our principal attention; but we should also attend to the possibilities of an attempt on this Army, by endeavouring to prevent a junction of our force and turning upon this part of it with their whole strength. Should this happen, you will endeavour to give us all the aid in your power, consistent with your situation. I am Dr sir with great regard Yr Most Obed. servant

          Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General John Neilson, 3 June 1779
From: Neilson, John
To: Washington, George

          sir
          Eliz. Town [N.J.] 3 June 1779

        I am this moment Informed that the waggons & horses together with drivers were the day before yesterday sent over to New York, that some of the Troops the numbers not exactly assertain’d that were on Staten Island were Allso taken over to New York, that the Fleet from Virginia return’d to Sandy Hook on Monday, a few of them got up to New York, most of the Troops if not all on Board the said Fleet with some negroes & a considerable deal of Plunder—Your Excellency will be inform’d of the Above Circumstances more particular by a Young Man who I sent over last night from Woodbridge, and who I am told is gone to head Quarters this Morning by direction of Mr John Mercereau, This Evening I shall send others over for more particular Information which shall be communicated Imediately After it is received—I am most respectfully your Excellencys most Obedt H. Servt

          John Neilson

          P.S. Besides the Boats mentioned to your Excellency in my last there’s one lays at second River, one at New Ark, & another in a Creek between this & New ark, those three are Scows that will carry About fifty Men each and at New Ark Six small Craft will carry About Eight men each, the Scows want oars ⟨illegible⟩.


Title: From George Washington to David Rittenhouse, 3 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Rittenhouse, David

          Sir,
          Head Quarters Middle Brook June 3 1779

        I beg leave to trouble you with a Theodolite which is a little out of repair and to request that you will be good enough to have it put in order. As I am not in a hurry about it, I wish you only to have what

is necessary done at some moment of leisure. The Quarter Master at Philadelphia will receive and forward it to me. I am with great esteem Sir Yr Most Obedt servt.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Arthur St. Clair, 3 June 1779
From: St. Clair, Arthur
To: Washington, George

          Sir
          Pompton [N.J.] June 3d 1779 7 o Clock A.M.

        Colonel Burr arrived here about 3 oClock, from General McDougal, and brings Intelligence of the Surrender of the Fort on Ver Planks Point yesterday, about eleven oclock by Capitulation. The Garrison are Prisoners of War, and the Officers have Liberty to wear their side Arms.
        I have no Letter from General McDougal, but he is clearly of Opinion the Ennemy mean to attack the Posts (at least Fort Arnold, the carrying of which would open to them the Navagation of the River) in the high Lands.
        Col. Burr informs me that by landing near where Fort Montgomery Stood & marching to the Forest of Dean, they would fall into a Clove which runs entirely round that Ridge on which the Forts are situated, & thro’ which a Road might be made, almost as fast as an army could

march; by this Clove General McDougal supposes the Forts will be invested—betwixt this Clove and Smiths is a Chain of hideous Mountains, but through them there are, no doubt, many Passes, with which they will be made acquainted by the Inhabitants whom they have debauched, and would thereby be able to give much Annoyance to any Convoys that might pass by Smiths supposing it Necessary to make use of that Road.
        It seems to be General McDougal’s wish that I should move to New Windsor, and thinks that the occupying Butter Hill might prevent the attack upon Fort Arnold from the upper side, at the same time the State of the Provision is very alarming—Not much above three weeks in the respective Forts and the Militia called in; and their principal Dependance for further supplies, upon their being transported across the Country from Sussex or Deleware.
        I think I could easily reach New Windsor, or at least be so far advanced thro’ the Clove as to be out of all Danger of being intercepted, but it is necessary first to have Intilligence from the River least the Parts of your Army on this side of it should be too much seperated and exposed to be beaten by Piece Meal. This I will endeavour to procure, and act according to Circumstances, of which I will take care to give your Excellency Notice.
        Notwithstanding the General Current of opinion that the Forts are the Ennemys Object, Coll Burr mentions Circumstances that leave it Still doubtfull—Their Troops are landed at various Places on the East side of the River, and at Haverstraw on the West, and after the Surrender of the Fort their largest armed Vessell, supposed to be of Eighteen Guns, & a Galley which had passed before, even seen towing down again.
        As the passage thro’ the Clove is somewhat Dangerous for single Persons I shall send two Horsemen back with Coll Burr, and shall thro’ him communicate to General McDougal Verbally. It may perhaps be necessary to force a March thro’ the Clove, in which Case I shall have my Baggage at this Place to be forwarded afterwards as your Excellency may think proper.
        Our Provision Waggons will not be able to supply Us when at a greater Distance, four only being allowed to each Brigade, and three of these broke down upon the Road. I Am Sir Your Excellencys most obedient Servant

          Ar. St Clair


Title: To George Washington from Major General Arthur St. Clair, 3 June 1779
From: St. Clair, Arthur
To: Washington, George

          Sir
          Pompton [N.J.] June 3d 1779 one oClock P.M.

        This Moment Mr Smith the Bearer of this arrived at my Quarters with a Letter to your Excellency from Colonell Hay which I opened as I wanted exceedingly Intelligence from the River. I find nothing in it that should induce me to alter the Design I had formed to move from this Ground to Night towards New Windsor, leaving my Artillery and Baggage, and Tents standing, of which I should have informed your Excellency before it was executed. The Possession of the Point Colonell Hay mentions as of absolute Necessity to the Ennemy in their Operations up the River, but without your Orders I should not attempt

to dislodge them; besides I believe they would be very well pleased to see us waste our Strength against a place that must cease to be of any Consequence the Moment they fail in the Object to which it leads.
        I propose to take the Route by Ring Wood to Chester, and have sent forward to desire that Provisions may meet us at that Place, as we have none but for this Day.
        The Waggon Horses of my Division might help to bring the Army forward, and they would be as well upon the Road if, halting to pasture them at proper Intervals is attended to, as being idle here, where the Pasturage is far from being good and no forage. I Am Sir Your Excellencys most obedient Servant

          Ar. St Clair


Title: To George Washington from Major General Arthur St. Clair, 3 June 1779
From: St. Clair, Arthur
To: Washington, George

          Sir
          Pompton [N.J.] June 3d 1779

        On receiving your Excellencys Favour of this Day which came to hand about seven this Evening I thought it prudent to take the Advice of the Field Officers on the Movement I had proposed to make to-night, and they were unanimously against it—it is therefore laid aside; and the more readily that I am far from being satisfied with respect to the Ennemys Designs. The more I think upon it, an Attempt upon the Posts in the Highlands Seems the more improbable, as, even in case of Success, their Army would probably be disabled from any farther Operations.
        Major Dun who I sent to reconoitre very early this Morning is just returned and informs me that the Party that had advanced to Kaykeate, which I begged Genl Woodford to inform you of, were returned, after doing a little Mischief, and that Partys had attempted landing at several Places, from Hobuck up to Tapan; but had not affected it, the Militia being assembled all along the River, except at Hobuck, where some of the Refugees are on Shore—Colonell Dye is at Paramus with his Regiment of Militia, but they are in great want of Amunition. I Am Sir your Excellencys most obedient Servant

          Ar. St Clair


Title: To George Washington from Peter Scull, 3 June 1779
From: Scull, Peter
To: Washington, George

          Sir.
          War-Office [Philadelphia] 3 June 1779.

        I am directed by the Board to sollicit your Excellency’s attention to a matter that must soon become interesting to the different States. They have been inform’d that most of the inlistments in the army are “for three years, or during the war”; and from the ambiguity of the expression, different constructions have been put upon it; the Officer insisting that the latter clause extends, & the Soldier that it restricts the term of service. As inconveniences have already arisen from too short notice having been given to the States, of the necessity of reinlisting their men, & as the Board are anxious to prevent the like neglect in future; they request your Excellency would be pleased to give orders to the Officer commanding the pennsylvania line to make returns to this Board of the terms of service for which those troops are engaged, and what number of them will be entituled to discharges in the course of this year. Was it practicable the Board would be glad to have similar information from the other lines of the army that they might give timely intelligence to the legislatures of the States to which they belong.
        The commissions of the 2nd Connecticut Regiment are forwarded by this conveyance—Van Heer’s corps has been commissioned agreably to your Excellency’s directions. I have the honour to be with every sentiment of respect Your Excellencys Most hble Servt

          P. Scull Secretary


Title: From George Washington to Major General Stirling, 3 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)

          My Lord,
          [Middlebrook] June 3d 1779.

        The enemy have landed at Kings-ferry—are in such force—and seem to have such capitol objects in view, that I must move my whole

strength towards the No. River. I shall therefore dispense with your Lordships coming down on the business we talked of respecting St——n I——d as I wish you to be with your division as soon as possible. I expect to leave this place to day myself if there is a possibility. Nothing is amiss with us on the No. Rivr & the troops in good spirits there. I am Yr Lordships most Obt & affe Servt

          Go: Washington

          Yr division marched Yesterday.


Title: General Orders, 4 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters [  ] Friday June 4th 1779
          Parole [  ]C. Signs [  ]


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Blackden, 4 June 1779
From: Blackden, Samuel
To: Washington, George

          May it Please your Excellency—
          Salisbury [Conn.]June 4th 1779

        I am sorry that necessity obliges me to inform you, that the affairs of Colonel Sheldons Regiment are in such a situation, that I cannot make it consistant with my Ideas of a Military character, to continue any longer under his command.
        The Reasons that occur are Numerous, but not to intrude upon your Excellencys leisure I Shall mention but one, which I hope will be considerd as sufficient for the step now taken.
        Sometime last fall, Colonel Sheldon Viewed a letter from the whole of the Captains, and Subalterns of his Regiment, which conveyed in the most pointed terms, great complaints on every part of his conduct, and directly attackd his character in Everything that shoud be dear to a Soldier and a Gentleman.
        This letter was taken no Notice off by the Colonel, and it soon became Public—Copies were handed about for the Amusement of those who pleased to Read them, yet the matter Remaind in this Situation till orders arrived for our Marching from Durha⟨m⟩ when a Settlement was made in private, by Colonel Sheldon and about one half the officers that had signd the letter, being all that were then present.
        If it woud not savour of presumption I woud suggest, that as it was always in Colonel Sheldons power he shoud in sometime less than Six months after the Receipt of the aforesaid letter have calld his Officers together, those who had not signd (being the Field and Staff) as well as those who had, and by an Open manly explanation have convinced them of their Errors, or if that coud not have been done, have made such satisfaction as might have evinced a Design of Reformation, instead of which the Settlement was made in private by only nine of the Gentleman who signd the letter under a promise not to disclose the terms.
        Had this dispute been known no farther than the small circle of the Regiment, I might have saccrifized my private opinion, to my desire of Continuing in the service of my country, and not have troubled your Excellency about it, but in the present Circumstances whatever mortifing reluctance I feel, I consider myself under the greatest obligation to quit this Regimt it being my opinion, that no one woud excuse me for Suffering my private regard for one who has not Supported his military character to cause me to loose sight of mine.
        I have a favour to intreat of your Excellency which is that my Servant John Myers, a German whom I brought into the Regiment may be discharged according to my promise to him, and that by him you

will be pleased to convey me your answer. I have the Honor to be with the greatest Respect your Exccellencys most Obedient & most humble Servant

          Saml BlackdenLt Col. 2d Lt Dragoons


Title: From George Washington to Henry Champion, Sr., 4 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Champion, Henry Sr.

          Sir,
          Head Quarters Morris Town [N.J.] June 4th 1779

        Our affairs are now at a most interesting crisis—The enemy appear to be bending their whole force in a vigorous operation against the Highland posts. We must take such positions as will render it impracticable to subsist the army, unless the most strenuous exertions are at once used to throw a very considerable quantity of Cattle on this side the river. You will instantly take every possible step to collect and forward at least five hundred head of Cattle across the North River into Orange County. Let them be the best you can get, nor must we on an emergency like this, be very scrupulous. And after you have sent on this number, you will continue your best endeavours to keep up a constant and full supply for the army—Our whole dependence will

be on this—We can expect no supplies of Salt provision as our whole transportation must go to the article of flour. If the means in your own power should not be sufficient to answer the exigency, you will communicate this letter to His Excellency the Governor and solicit the aid of the State—This is an extraordinary occasion and may demand extraordinary expedients.
        There is not a moment to be lost—and I rely upon your known zeal that it will correspond with the necessity of the times—and am with regard Sir Yr most Obedt serv.


Title: Instructions to Captain James Chrystie, 4 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Chrystie, James

          [4 June 1779, 4:00 A.M.]

        To proceed immediately to West Point To inform the Garrison where we are—two divisions at Pompton—one near Mr Lot’s about ten miles in the rear of the others—the whole to move this night at moon rising—by way of Ringwood & to press forward with all possible diligence.
        To assure them that I am determined at the utmost hazard to support the fort and that I expect it will hold out to the last extremity.
        To ascertain the precise strength of the Garrisons—the quantity of cannon stores and provisons and the state of the works—the degree of defence of which the garrison is susceptible.
        To give it as my opinion that no part of the garrison ought to be militia, but that the number necessary for its defence ought, if possible to be—furnished in Continental troops—More than a sufficiency should by all means be avoided.

        To understand precisely from General McDougall what is his strength situation and views—and what he would think most adviseable for cooperating with us in an attack upon the enemy.
        What prospects he has of provisons what militia he has applied for and whether his prospects of supplies would admit of calling for more—To recommend it to him—to apply in the most earnest manner for the aid of the Governments of Connecticut & New York for assisting in collecting and transporting supplies.
        To know what number of boats there are upon the River, and where the troops under General McDouga⟨ll⟩ could most conveniently cross over to this side to cooperate in an attack upon the enemy. what precautions had best be taken & what previous demonstrations made.
        To inquire what has been done with the stores at Fish Kill.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Ann Hawkes Hay, 4 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Hay, Ann Hawkes

          sir
          Morris Town [N.J.] June the 4. 1779

        Your favor of the 2d met me at this place this Morning. Your exertions and those of the Militia in opposing the Enemy claim my thanks—and I am persuaded that they will be continued, as long as it shall be practicable. This Army is moving towards the North river as fast as possible—and I shall give you every support in my power, that circumstances will admit of.
        The operations of the Enemy must in a great measure influence our conduct. I am sir in haste with esteem & regard Yr Most Obedt st

          G.W.


Title: To George Washington from John Jay, 4 June 1779
From: Jay, John
To: Washington, George

          Sir
          Philadelphia 4 June 1779

        I have the Honor of transmitting herewith enclosed a Copy of an act of Congress of the 3d Inst. authorizing your Excellency to make such and so many parole Exchanges as you may judge expedient.
        various Reports respecting the Enemy’s movements in West Chester County have lately reached us, but we know not what Degree of Credit is due to them.

        The Report of a victory near Charlstown still continues and is believed—no direct Intelligence from that Quarter has yet arrived.
        Two Dozen printed Copies of the Report of our Commissioners for settling a Cartel are herewith sent. It is the wish of Congress that they may be conveyed to our Prisoners with the Enemy. I have the Honor to be with the greatest Respect & Esteem Your Excellencys most obedt Servant

          John Jay


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Kearsley, 4 June 1779
From: Kearsley, Samuel
To: Washington, George

          Sir
          Carlisle [Pa.] June 4th 79

        having in some small degree regulated the necessituous Circumstances of my family which have accrued by the loss of my house & Effects by fire in my absence in the service of my Country, and having maturely Considered those principles suggested in your Excellencys last letter to me on the Subject of my Resignation I have decided in favor of the service as I have ever been Anxious to promote the True Interest of my Country since the earliest period of this unhappy war, and embarked in it I hope on just principles, I am determined to pursue your Excellencys fortune as God shall enable me till it is come to a close; twas always my Study to deserve the Esteem of my superior Officers in the service and my highest ambition shall be to deserve those characters with which your Excellency was pleas’d to Honour me in the Close of your letter I shall set out in a day or two for the Regiment & Beg your Excellency will be pleasd to honor me with your Sentiments by the first Express that may be forwarding Dispatches to the Department—With Devout wishes for your preservation &

happiness I Take the honor of being Your Excellencys most Obedient & Very Humble Servant

          Saml Kearsley


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Henry Knox, 4 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Knox, Henry

          Dr Sir
          Morristown [N.J.] 4th June 1779.

        On the 2d instant a part of the enemy possessed themselves of the fort on Ver-planks point, by capitulation—they are now throwing up some works on the point on this side. It would appear from a number of circumstances that they mean to press their operations against the posts on the highlands.
        The militia are calling out for amunition, and the supply for the army, as you know, is far from being sufficient. I would therefore wish you to send on careful and active conductors to hasten forward to the army, a competent supply, from the nearest magazines. I am Dr Sir your most hble servt

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Henry Knox, 4 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Knox, Henry

          Sir,
          Head Quarters Morris Town [N.J.] June 4th 1779

        By a letter this moment arrived from General McDougall dated two OClock yesterday, the enemy were advancing in force towards The Continental Village.
        The other part of their army on the West side were to move the same day to invest the Fort. On reconsideration, as some heavy cannon in our future operations may become essential, if you can possibly procure a sufficiency of horses to carry those at the Park with convenience & dispatch, I wish them to join the army without delay— A careful Officer will no doubt accompany them to avoid accidents on the route.
        The moment you can be spared I wish to see you in front of West Point. I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt serv.

          Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Alexander McDougall, 4 June 1779
From: McDougall, Alexander
To: Washington, George

          Sir.
          Buds in the Highlands opposite to West Point4th June 79.

        The Enemy having as I have informed your Excellency landed at Tallar’s Point on the 31st Ultimo; the Troops under my Command took a Position in the Highlands with their Van at the Village. The principal Stores being removed from thence and the Enemy having my Flanks open on the North River, on which he could move

undiscovered at Night, I judged it expedient to retire to this Place to keep open my Communication with West point; as well as to secure the Pass in my Rear to FishKill—General Parsons joined me the 2nd Instant—I have now here the three Continental Brigades & a good Body of Militia.
        The state has made a very great Exertion to remove the Stores and collect Provision—We have double the Quantity of Provision secured which you mentioned necessary in your’s of the 2nd for a certain purpose—Yesterday I Informed you of the Enemy’s advancing near the continental village—He retired in the afternoon towards Pecks Kill—His Conduct is exceedingly inexplicable; and it’s extremely difficult to determine what is his Object—He has now been seven Days on the River, and has not made that Dispatch which he might towards West point, if that is his Object. One thing however is very clear, that he can pillage the Country by drawing our attention to the Fort without any Risque; and can always embark—Perhaps these Movements may be designed to divert us from our Western Expeditions.
        General Patterson not having returned from Furlough, I appointed General Parsons to command at West point as he is well acquainted with the Post.
        Yestarday Lieut: Colonel Sherman with 3 Companies of Light Infantry march’d downwards to reconnoitre and skirmish with the Enemy—He proceeded to Fort Independant at the mouth of Peeks Kill Creek, but saw nothing of the Enemy, altho his small Parties went near Peeks Kill—only hear’d the Noise of Cattle driving towards Kings Ferry.
        This Morning he discovered all their Shipping (except 2 Gallies) in Peeks Kill Bay standing downwards and a few Boats off Fort Independant.
        Sir Henry Clinton in Person commanded the Body which I informed you were advancing yestarday. He was exceeding cautious in his advance and very particular in his Enquiries—He asked where I was—whether I had destroyed the Bridge this Bridge was carried away by a Freshet—over Peeks Kill Creek—what Force I had—whether the Militia were alarmed—the Situation of the Country towards Fish Kill—if strong—whether there was a great Body of men at Westpoint, and whether your Excellency’s Army was in Motion this way.
        Colonel Burr whom I sent to General St Clair, returned this Morning—The General told him he would be at New Windsor this Night. Provisions were sent from New Burgh to Chester for his Troops, which has removed the Difficulty he apprehended.
        By comparing these Accounts it appears the Enemy has given over his Design against Westpoint. Fort Dela Fayette on Verplank’s

Point surrendered the 1st Instant—The inclos’d is a Copy of a Letter from Captain Armstrong who commanded it; and the Terms of Capitulation.
        It is now past 2 O’Clock P.M. and I have no Account of the Enemys moving up. I have the Honor to be Your Excellency’s most Obedient servant.

          Alexr McDougall


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General John Neilson, 4 June 1779
From: Neilson, John
To: Washington, George

            sir
            Elizabeth Town [N.J.] 4 June 1779

          Last Evening I was honoured with your Excellency’s Letter of the third Inst. I have not yet been able to ascertain a more exact disposition of the Enemy on Staten Island, every means in my Power shall be made use of for the purpose, I have given directions to have the Boats wanting repairs to be put in order I have found a number of Oars belonging to them—By a person who appears very Intelligent, was taken from home in the lower part of this State near Philadelphia, when the Enemy left that place, and has been detain’d a Prisoner on Long Island since as a Militia officer, made his escape from there the night before last, I am Informed that the Fleet from Virginia with Troops on Board & Some negroes, arrived the Latter end of last week and were Imediately sent up the North River without landing at New York, he says some Gentlemen who are prisoners on Long Island near the water and are observing Persons, are confident it is the same Fleet that went to Virginia, he says they collected all the Force they possibly could for the Expedition, haveing forced all the People both black and white who fled to them for refuge to go as drivers to their waggons, a number of which with horses were Allso pressed from the Island, fifty from Kings County & he supposes a Proportion from the other Counties in the Vicinity—two days before he left the Island he says the Countenance of the Friends of Slavery were much altered from a pleasing Anxious Expectation, to that of dejection they had heard something to occasion this but it had not transpired whether Foreign or from their Affairs up the North river. I have the Honour to be with the greatest Esteem Your Excellencys Most obedient & very Humble Servant

            John Neilson

            Sir

          On the other side is Copy of a Letter I had just sent off to Head Quarters at Middlebrook, when I was informed your Excellency was moved by a Person who delivered me your Excellency’s Letter of the 3d Inclosing Mr Pattersons Caution about Jacob Moore Esqr. of which I shall take proper Notice should that Gentleman come this way. I am with most profound respect Your Excellency’s most obedt & Humble Servant

            John Neilson
            4 June 1779


Title: To George Washington from Major General Arthur St. Clair, 4 June 1779
From: St. Clair, Arthur
To: Washington, George

          Sir
          Pompton [N.J.] June 4th 1779 4 oClock

        I have this Moment received the inclosed Letter from Colonell Malcom, which has occasioned me some regret that I did not March last Night as I had purposed.
        I have no Accounts from the River to Day, but there is nothing extraordinary or I should have heard from the Parties, and I have seen a Person from the Neighbourhood of Kings Ferry, who says things are in the same Situation as when I wrote your Excellency Yesterday.
        General Woodford is arrived and encamped about two Miles short of Us. I have the Honour to be your Excellencys most obedient Servant

          Ar. St Clair

          Colonel Malcom’s Letter referred to is of the 3 June.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Charles Stewart, 4 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Stewart, Charles

          Sir,
          Morris Town [N.J.] June 4th 1779

        The enemy seem more and more to be in earnest in their operations against the Highlands. This will oblige us to take such positions with the army as will make its subsistence infinitely difficult, without the greatest possible care and exertion. I am to press your particular attention to the forwarding the supplies in your department as fast as may be necessary. If the ordinary means in your power do not suffice; you will communicate this letter and solicit the interposition and aid of the civil authority. No measure is to be omitted that the exigence of the service may require. The juncture is pressing and truly important. I am with regard Sir Yr Obedient servant

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 4 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

          Dr Sir.
          Morristown [N.J.] June 4th 1779.

        I received your favour of the 2d, with its inclosure, last night—I am glad to find that your affairs seem now to be in good train.
        In answer to the question you make on the paragraph you recite from my instructions, I shall observe that it is not to be supposed the events you suggest can take place without a good deal of previous negotiation and delay and after all would be precarious as to the capital point. If they think themselves unable to oppose you, they will naturally endeavour to gain time, by holding out illusory offers. To listen to them and defer the execution of your main project would be dangerous and might be attended with the worst consequences—I would not have you to lose time in expectation of contingencies.
        I shall be happy to resolve any other doubts you may have on the

import of your instructions; and am with the greatest esteem and regard Dr Sir Yr most Obedt servt.

          P.S. The enemy for many days past have seemed to be aiming a stroke against the Highlands—Appearances grow more & more serious— They have reduced a small Detached post on Verplanks point and are throwing up works on the opposite point at King’s ferry—They have their whole force on the two sides of the River.


Title: From George Washington to Jeremiah Wadsworth, 4 June 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Wadsworth, Jeremiah

          Dr Sir,
          Morris Town [N.J.] June 4th 1779

        I inclose you the copy of a letter which I have this moment written to Mr Champion, that you may know what is done and make correspondent arrangements. Necessity seems to demand this measure. If your presence at this time is not essential at Philadelphia it will be infinitely useful with the Army. We have much to apprehend on the score of supplies—The crisis requires your utmost influence and exertion. I am with great regard Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt ser.

          G. W——