Title: To George Washington from Major Robert Ballard, 23 October 1777
From: Ballard, Robert
To: Washington, George

Sir
2 OClock Red Bank [N.J.] Octr 23. 1777

I am just Arrivd at this place on command from Fort Mifflin, and finding that Colo. Green & the Commodore was sending by express to your Excellency the Glorious Event of last Evening and this Morning, think proper to give you the particulars from our Garrison. This Morning at half after Six OClock the enemy from Province Island began a very heavy fire from their Bomb Batteries and about an hour after, was Joind by their fleet which kept up on us incessantly ’till after 12 OClock, Our Battery in Consort with the Commodores Fleet playing on them the whole time, in short we Ply’d them with 18 & 32 lb. Shots so closely that they I believe began to give Ground, however they ran a Sixty four Gun Ship and a Twenty Gun Frigate a ground & after fruitless attempts in vain to get them off, they set fire to them both, to our no small Satisfaction as it was out of the Power of our Fleet to take them. We sustain’d no Damage except a Capt. & 1 private slightly wounded.
Our Garrison shew’d a firmness & Resolution becoming brave Men, & I dont doubt will acquit themselves with honor. The Fleet are making down again fast, as low as Billingsport. I am doubtfull we shall want Ammunition for our Cannon & 32 lb. Ball as the quantity on hand will not I am certain last us more than one Days hot fire. Small Cartridges from No. 17 to 20 are absolutely wanting. It wou’d be too much to loose a place of so much Importance for the want of War like Implements, which I haven’t a doubt may easily be ⟨had—⟩ the Sizes for our Cannon of Cartridges 18 & 8 lbs. Cartridge paper will not be Amiss. The foregoing are Circumstances which I know at least Strike Colo. Smith & I do not doubt the Baron also. I hope to hear welcome news from your Quarters before long, in mean time every exertion of the Garrison of Fort Mifflin in Opposition to the Enemies fleet will be strictly attended to. We had the upper part of one of our block houses

blown up to day. I expect this night or tomorrow night the Enemy will for the last make an Effort to Storm our fort. I have the honor to be Your Excellencys most Obedt Servant

Robert Ballard


Title: To George Washington from Captain Joseph Blewer, 23 October 1777
From: Blewer, Joseph
To: Washington, George

Sir
Redbank [N.J.] october 23d 1777

I have the honour to inform you that yesterday the Enemy (hesions) about 1200 attackd the fort at Red Bank after a Smart action they Retreated with much Loss on there Side ours very inconsiderable this Morning our gallys atacked the Eagle & Robuck after a hevy Cananade the Robuck droped Down the Eagle then aground keeping up a hevy fier till ten oClock at whitch time She took fier I am not as yet Certain If they did it or our Shot amediatly after the gallys atacked an other Ship aground below (a frigate) they shortly Set her on fier and the other pyret Ships Droped Down below the Chevoux Defreze where they Still lay our loss in the Gallys dose not Exceed four or five killed

& wounded we are all in high Spiritts both garesons as well as the fleet I think they have Such a dose as will privent there atempting this pasege any moor we have Expended much of our amunition Recd but Small Supplys Sinc I lift your Excelency though have Sent by Expriss for a Sufficent Should it arive timly I think with Every other Gentellmen hear that we have nothing to fear from this quarter. I Remain your Excelency most obedent & Hbbls Servent

Joseph Blewer

P.S. Amunition wanted 18 pd & 24 with muskett Cartridge for the Gareson as we have Supplyed the gareson with all the muskett Catrdge belonging to the fleet. Excuse hast for the glorious news.

J. Blewer


Title: From George Washington to Major General Philemon Dickinson, 23 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Dickinson, Philemon

Dr Sir
Camp near White Marsh [Pa.] Octob. 23d 1777

The Enemy are exerting every nerve to reduce the Forts on the Delaware viewing them as insurmountable Obstacles to their holding philadelphia, if they remain in our hands. Against that on Mud Island they have been carrying on their Operations with great activity and industry for many days but as yet without success. They also sent a considerable detachment across the Delaware Yesterday morning and in the course of the day to operate against that on Red Bank. It is probable from the State of the Latter, they will not attempt it by storm, but will try to gain it by an investiture. The importance of it to us is obvious, but unhappily our circumstances will not admit such Detachments to be sent from hence as will oblige the Enemy to raise the seige.
This constrains me to look to your State for all the assistance you can possibly afford. I have written to Genls Foreman & Newcomb on the subject, but the aids they can give will probably not be sufficient. If circumstances will permit, considering the situation of Affairs at the Northward, & here I wish you to throw all the weight you can into the same scale and that as early as possible. I have sent Colo. Fitzgerald who will lay before you a full state of matters with us, & my Sentiments upon

them which will enable you to form a Judgement of that line of conduct which you can pursue with the most propriety. To him I refer you. I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obt Sert

Go: W.

P.S. You will at once perceive the fatal consequences to the United States in General and to Jersey in particular should the Enemy be able to establish themselves in philadelphia & at Red Bank—Unfortunately, our views in most instances have been too much divided and the greater Object has been neglected in much less interesting pursuits. Could we unite & destroy Genl How’s Army, every part would be secure—but while we extend our force to protect every place—None will or can. therefore to defeat him demands the exertions of All—I wish the people were convinced of these important truths & would view matters as they ought.


Title: To George Washington from Commodore John Hazelwood, 23 October 1777
From: Hazelwood, John
To: Washington, George

Red Bank [N.J.] October 23d 1777
May it please Your Excellency

This will acquaint Your Excellency that early this morning we carried all our Galleys to Action, & after a long & heavy firing we drove the enemys Ships down the River except a 64 Gun Ship & a small Frigate, which we obliged them to quit as they got on Shore & by accidence the 64 Gun Ship blew up & the Frigate they set on fire themselves, took the people all out & quitted them. Our Action lasted till 12 OClock, & our Fleet has recd but very little damage—You will be inform’d of the glorious event of last night by Colonel Green—We in our Galleys was of great use in flanking round the Fort—As I am very much fatigued, I hope Your Excellency will be satisfied with this short account of our affairs of the River & Fleet—I have not as yet got a man to reinforce our Fleet, for I thought it a pity to take them from the Fort as they wanted them more than the Fleet, & God knows we are very weakly Mann’d—Being in haste I hope soon shall have it in my power to give you a better account of this Action—Besides the 64 & Frigate being burnt, the Roebuck who lay to cover them we damag’d much & drove

off, & had she laid fast, we shou’d have had her in the same situation—We want Ammunition, Cartridges for Muskets, for 18 & 24 Pounders, having not to add, am Your Excellencys most Obedt & very Hble Servt

John Hazelwood


Title: To George Washington from Patrick Henry, 23 October 1777
From: Henry, Patrick
To: Washington, George

Sir.
Wmsburgh [Va.] Octr 23d 1777

The Militia from Culpepper County were promised by their Colo., that they should be releived by the last of this Month; and as it is impossible to march a like Number from Virginia in Time to comply with that Engagement, I trouble you with this requesting that you will be pleased to discharge them at the Time they were promised Releif, unless they chuze to serve longer. With the highest Regard, I have the Honor to be Sir yr most obedient & very humble Servant

P. Henry


Title: From George Washington to Brig. Gen. Alexander McDougall, 23 October 1777 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

Letter not found: to Brig. Gen. Alexander McDougall, c.23 Oct. 1777. Joseph Reed refers in his letter to GW of 23 Oct. to “a Letter Genl McDougal received from your Excelly this Afternoon.”


Title: To George Washington from Joseph Reed, 23 October 1777
From: Reed, Joseph
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Merion Meeting House [Pa.] Oct. 23d 1777

You will before this reaches you be informed that the Enemy quitted their Post last Evening. of Consequence the Attempt failed. the best Account I can get of it, is that Genl Howe with his principal officers came over yesterday reconnoitred the Ground which they were busily fortifying—they immediately ceased working began to embark & continued

it till Sunset when the last went over. They then broke the Bridge & sent one Part one Way & another the other Way—The Officers attending him said that Red bank was taken—a Sailor Prisoner also reports something of the same Nature—Ther[e] was a very heavy Fire of Cannon & Musquetry which held from Sun an Hour high till quite dark & was generally believed to be at Redbank. From the Time of the Report corresponding so ill with that of the Attack I hope it has not succeeded & am the more inclined to think so as the Fire of the Musqu[e]try from being very hot gradually decreased to a small scatt[er]ing Fire. However the Event is not yet so well ascertained as to form a true Judgment of it. There was a great Explosion about 1 oClock it is reported to be Man of War but this also wants Confirmation.
Upon conversing with General Potter I find he entertains a different Opinion of the Islands from Genl Wayne founded on the Reports of a Number of Persons who are acquaintd with the Subject. Genl Cadwallader & myself are both of Opinion that considering the Advancement of the Season no Time is to be lost in determining the Plan of Operations: And as there is a different State of Facts we have concluded to satisfy ourselves fully in the Point before we return. If the Advance of the Army on this Side Schuylkill will give Support to the Fort & afford a Prospect of raising the Seige we are much inclined to think the Troops cannot be more usefully and efficaciously employed. Genl Potter seems confident that with 2000 Men he could interrupt the Communication between the Town & Shipping. In order to effect this Business we have detained Lieut. Watts of Col. Blands Reg. (by Permission of Genl McDougal) with 6 Dragoons, but we doubt whether that number will be sufficient to afford a sufficient number of Vedettes on the many cross Roads. In a Letter Genl McDougal received from your Excelly this Afternoon you mention sending Capt. Lee on this Side in order to reconnoitre & gain Intelligence if it was consistent with your other Views to direct him to remain with us for a Day or two we think it would facilitate our Design—In this Case you will please to direct him to come to Genl Potters at or near the Fox Chace where he will hear of us. We shall do what we can without waiting for him & in the mean Time collect all Intelligence of the Enemy Progress & Movements which we will communicate as early as possible. I am with great Truth & Regard Dr Sir Your affect. & Obed. Hbble Serv⟨an⟩t

Jos: Reed


Title: To George Washington from Major Samuel Ward, Jr., 23 October 1777
From: Ward, Samuel Jr.
To: Washington, George

Sir
Red Bank [N.J.] 23d Octobr 1777

By the desire of Colo. Greene, I congratulate your Excelly on the Success of the Troops under his command, Yesterday. On the 21st Inst. Four Battalions of Germans amounting to 1,200 men commanded by the Baron Donop Colo. Commandant landed at Coopers ferry & Marched the same Evening to Haddonfield. At 3 oClock Yesterday Morning, they marched for this place; when the Guard at Timber Creek bridge were informed of their approach, They took up that Bridge & the Enemy filed off to the Left, and Crossed at a Bridge four miles above. Their Advanced Parties were discovered within a quarter of a mile of the fort at 12 oClock; at half after 4 oClock P.M. They sent a flag to summons the Fort, who was told, that it should never be surrendered; At three quarters after four, They began a Brisk Canonade, and soon after advanced in two Columns to the Attack. They Passed

the Abattis, gained the ditch & some few got over the Pickets, but the fire was so heavy that they soon were drove out again with considerable loss, and retreated precipitately towards Haddonfield. The Enemys loss amounts to—1 Lieut. Colo.—3 Capts.—4 Lieuts. and near 70 killed, and the Baron Donop, His Brigade Major a Captain Lieutenant and upwards of 70 non Commissioned officers & Privates wounded & taken Prisoners. We are also informed that several waggons are taken—The Colo. proposes to send the wounded Officers to Burlington—He also enjoins me to tell your Excellency that both officers & Private men behaved with the greatest Bravery—The Action Lasted 40 minutes—Colo. Greens Regt has 2 Serjts—1 fife & 4 Privates Killd—1 Serjt & 3 Privates wounded and one Captain (who was reconnoitering) taken prisoner—Colo. Angel has 1 Capt. killed—3 Serjts 3 Rank & file—& one Ensign 1 Serjt & 15 R. & file wounded. 2 of Capt. Duplessis Company were Slightly wounded; too many handsome things cannot be said of the Chevalier, who as well as his Officers shewed a truly heroic bravery—there has been Already brought into the Fort near 300 muskits a Considerable number of Swords Cartridge Boxes &c.
There has been a smart firing between ours & the Enemys fleet this morning several fire ships have been sent down the river. and we have seen with the greatest Pleasure the Phenix blown up and a sloop of war in flames.
Colo. Greene[,] Colo. Angel[,] Olney[,] Comstock & all our Officers wish to be most Respectfully presented to you—After wishing you every Blessing I am with the Greatest respect Your Excellys most Obedt Humble Servt

Sam Ward


Title: General Orders, 24 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, Whitpain Township [Pa.] Octobr 24th 1777.
Princeton.Trenton. Brunswick.

Many abuses having been committed in impressing horses for the army, The Commander in Chief positively orders, that henceforward, no horse be impressed by any member of the army, without an order therefor from the Qr Mr General, or order of his deputies or assistants, or a special order from the Commander in Chief.
The Brigade Quarter Masters are to make returns, to morrow afternoon, at five o’clock, of all the riding and bat-horses used in their respective brigades, and the persons and their ranks, and in whose service they are used.

A General Court Martial, of which Genl Sullivan is appointed president, is to sit to morrow morning, at nine o’clock, at the president’s quarters, for the trial of Brigadier General Wayne, upon this charge against him—“That he had timely notice of the enemy’s intention, to attack the troops under his command, on the night of the 20th Ult: and notwithstanding that intelligence, neglected making a disposition until it was too late, either to annoy the enemy, or make a retreat without the utmost danger and confusion.” Brigadiers General Muhlenberg, Weedon, Conway and Huntington. Colonels Stevens, Dayton—McClenahan, Stewart & Bradley—and Lt Cols. Davies—De-Hart and Thackston, are appointed members.
A return is to be made of swords wanting in the brigade of horse; as deficiencies may now be supplied.
Altho’ the enterprize under General McDougall proved fruitless, by reason that the enemy had abandoned the post intended to have been attacked, yet the Commander in Chief deems his thanks due to the officers and men, detached for that service, who two nights successively, crossed and recrossed the Schuylkill—and to those also, under Generals Sullivan & Greene, who were designed to facilitate General McDougall’s operation, for the fortitude and chearfulness with which they went thro’ the night marches and fatigues, which occurred in the expedition.
After Orders. The General Court Martial for the trial of Brigadier Genl Wayne is called at his own request.


Title: Proclamation on Deserters, 24 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

[Whitpain Township, Pa., 24 October 1777]

Proclamation By His Excellency, George Washington, Esqr. General & Commander in chief of the forces of the United States of America.
Whereas sundry Soldiers belonging to the Armies of the said States have deserted from the same; These are to make known to All those who have so offended, and who shall return to their Respective Corps, or surrender themselves to the Officers appointed to receive Recruits & Deserters in their Several States, or to any Continental, Commissioned Officer before the first day of January next; that they shall obtain a full and free Pardon. And i do further declare, to All such obstinate Offenders, as do not avail themselves of the indulgence hereby offered, that they may depend, when apprehended, on being prosecuted with the utmost rigour and suffering the punishment justly due to crimes of such enormity.
Lest the hope of escaping punishment by remaining undiscovered, should tempt any, to reject the Terms now held out to them, they may be assured, that the most effectual measures will be pursued in every State for apprehending and bringing them to a speedy trial. Given under my Hand at Head Quarters this 24th day of Octobr Anno Domini 1777.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philemon Dickinson, 24 October 1777
From: Dickinson, Philemon
To: Washington, George

Dr Sir
Elizabeth Town [N.J.] 24 October 1777

Your favor of Yesterday, was handed me by Col: Fitzgerald; having detached Genl Winds with 1,000 Men to New Windsor, by order of Govr Livingston, this Post was reduced very low; I have endeavour’d by every possible means to bring in the Militia, & have only collected 700 men—hope in a few Days, to increase the Number to 1000.
Immediately on reciept of your Excellency’s letter, I sent an Express to Govr Livingston, recommending an instant compliance with your request—I am posted here, by order of the Governor & Council, therefore cannot draw off the Troops, without his Excellency’s consent—the measure appears to me so highly necessary, that had I the Power, the whole force of this State should be exerted upon the present occasion.

I expect the Governors answers on Sunday, which shall without loss of Time, be communicated to your Excellency, be assured, my utmost exertions shall not be wanting. I have the honor to be, Your Excellency’s most Obt St

Philemon Dickinson


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Christopher Greene, 24 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Christopher

Sir,
Head Quarters [Whitpain Township, Pa., October] 24. 1777

I have just received a letter from Major Ward written by your desires giving an account of your success over the enemy on the 22d instant. I heartily congratulate you upon this happy event, and beg you will accept my most particular thanks and present the same to your whole garrison both officers and men. Assure them that their gallantry and good behaviour meet my warmest approbation.
All the prisoners should be immediately removed to a distance from your post to some convenient and safe place. I am sorry you have thought of sending the officers to Burlington; as they would be in no kind of security at that place, but might be taken and carried off by the enemy with the greatest ease. Immediately on the receipt of this you will be pleased to have all the prisoners both officers and men conveyed to Morris Town. The wounded can be accommodated in the hospitals there and in its neighbourhood. Count Donop in particular is a man of importance, and ought by all means to be taken care of.
With respect to the arms you have taken, as they are no doubt good it will be well to exchange all the indiff[er]ent arms you may have for them, but after that is done I would recommend to you to send all your superfluous arms away. They can be put in the waggons that are on the way to you with ammunition. I am Sir Your most Obdt serv.
Such wounded as are not fit to be removed, you will take their paroles to consider themselves as prisoners at all contingencies.


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 24 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir.
Head Quarters [Whitpain Township, Pa.] Octor 24th 1777.

I do myself the honor of transmitting to Congress the inclosed copies of sundry letters just now received, and congratulate them most sincerely on the important intelligence which they contain. The damage the Enemy have sustained in their Ships, I hope will prevent their future attempts to gain the passage of the river, and the repulse of the Troops under Count Donnop and his Captivity, I flatter myself will also be attended with the most happy consequences. At the time these Actions happened, a supply of Ammunition was on the way to the Forts, and I have also ordered a further quantity to be immediately sent. By Colo. Blaine, one of the issuing Commissaries, who left Red Bank, in the morning before the action, I am happily informed, that he had thrown considerable supplies of provision into both garrisons. he also adds, that he came from Jersey this morning, and that the Enemy had recrossed the Delaware and returned to Philadelphia. I have written to Colo. Green, that the Prisoners must be immediately sent from his Post, and Mr Clymer, a Deputy under Mr Boudinot, will set out to morrow morning to make a proper disposition of them.
It gives me great concern to inform Congress, that after all my exertions we are still in a distressed situation for want of Blankets and Shoes. At this time no inconsiderable part of our force are incapable of acting, thro’ the deficiency of the latter, and I fear without we can be releived, it will be the case with two thirds of the Army in the course of a few days.
I am, and have been waiting with the most anxious impatience for a confirmation of Genl Burgoyn’s surrender. I have received no further intelligence respecting it, except vague report, than the first account which came to hand so long ago as Saturday morning. If Congress have had authentic advices about it, I wish to be favor’d with them. I have the honor to be With great respect, Sir your most Obet hum. Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Richard Peters, 24 October 1777
From: Peters, Richard
To: Washington, George

Sir
War Office [York, Pa.] Octr 24th 1777

I had the Honour of your Favour of the 21st inst. which is communicated to the Board & a Letter agreeable to your Desire is written to General Heath relative to the Lead imported into Boston on private Account—A Quantity is purchased of Messrs McClenachan & Caldwell which together with the Saltpetre & Sulphur imported by them into Dartmouth & also bought for Continental Use is orderd to Springfield—Your Excellency mistook my Idea relative to Cartouch Boxes—It was not meant that the Covering should be of painted Canvas but that the Leather Flaps should be lined with it to make up for the Flimziness of the Leather with which the Boxes are generally covered & which from being ill tanned & curried too easily admitts Water. I should not have troubled your Excellcy on the Subject, had it been known where Col. Flower was—He has written to the Board from Allen Town & his Letter is but this Moment recieved. I presume the Recruits passing thro’ this Place (& many are expected from Virginia) are to be sent thither to be equipped unless your Excellency chooses to appoint some other more convenient Place. About three Tons of Lead have arrived from Maryland & large Supplies it is hoped are coming in from the Southward as Application has been made for a Loan from Maryland & Virginia beside what will be sent from Chiswells Mines. But these Supplies will not arrive so speedily as the Exigency perhaps requires—So soon as they arrive here they will be forwarded with all Expedition to Allen Town. The Lead at Carlisle is not ordered on because it is supposed Col. Flower has Workmen there cutting it into Bulletts.
Monsr du Portail’s Memorial is sent to your Excellency for your Advice & Opinion thereon as you are best acquainted with the Merits of the Gentlemen mentioned therein. I have the Honour to be Your very obed. Servt

Richard Peters Secy


Title: To George Washington from Joseph Reed, 24 October 1777
From: Reed, Joseph
To: Washington, George

Blue Bell 7 Miles from Philada on the Chester Road Oct. 24. 1777 ½ after 12 oClock
Dear Sir

We came down this Morning to the Edge of the Meadows & in View of the Bank which is the Road of Communication but Genl Potter with a few Horsemen having alarm’d the Enemy who were then working at some little Breastwork on which they sent out a large Detachment made it unsafe for us to remain longer on this Ground. We have certain Intelligence that last Night a Body of the Enemy recross’d Schuylkill at the Middle Ferry advanced as far as the Woods where all the Roads meet & there remain how large we cannot find. They are also busily at Work on the Bridge at that Place which will be compleated this Day.
Our Intelligence of the Fort yesterday is truly glorious ⟨mutilated⟩ Enemy advanced with their Shipping whether above the lower Frize or not cannot say but rather think it was above—however they have lost 4—one was sunk & three others set on Fire—the largest was the Augusta of 64 Guns. The Account from Redbank is equally pleasing. The Hessians attempted to storm it & failed having 300 killed wounded & Prisoners among the former a General Officer who sollicited the Command out of his Turn. Another principal Officer wounded & a Prisoner. These Accounts we have from several Person[s] who were Spectators of the burning Ships—of the other Transactions from an Officer of theirs who was last Night at 2 Houses where we were this Day & from an English Serjeants Wife who was left sick at Chester & is now at Darby. The Information farth[e]r adds that a second Attempt was to be made on Redbank by the British Grenadiers. 2000 Men having cross’d for that Purpose—The Liverpool Man of War was another of the Ships. Seventy Men perish’d in the Augusta & many in each of the others. As farther Intelligence occurs shall transmit it & am D. Sir most Affectly & sincerely Yours

J. Reed

We are proceeding with Genl Potter below Darby to do the needful with Respect to the Cattle &c.


Title: To George Washington from Major General John Sullivan, 24 October 1777
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Camp [Whitpain Township, Pa.] October 24th 1777.

my ill State of health prevents my waiting upon your Excellencey in Person. I am Exceeding Unwilling to give you Trouble: but Doubt not of your Excys readiness to do Justice to Every Person under your Command. I have been most Scandalously Accused before Congress & before the world & nothing can Totally Destroy the Effects of this Calumny but a Declaration of your Excellencey in favor of my Conduct as an officer which may be made as publick and Extensive as the Calumny has been—if my Conduct has met your Excellenceys approbation there can be no Difficulty: if not I Cannot Expect it. The Representations made against me are:
That I was Several Days posted with the Command on the Right wing of the Army at Brandywine That I was ordered to watch their motions on the Right & was furnished with Light Troops for the purpose That I

Suffered the Enemy to come by a Rout & at a time I did not Expect till they had gained our Right Flank.
That I conveyed Intelligence to your Excellency which prevented you from making a proper Dispos[it]ion to Receive the Enemy which occasioned the Loss of the Battle.
That I have not Discovered Sufficient Talents for my Rank & office That I am void of Judgment & foresight in Concerting & of Deliberate vigour in Executing & of presence of Mind under Accidents & Emergencies—& that from these Defects have Arisen my Repeated ill Success.
with Respect to the first of these yr Excellency knows that very late in the Day before the Action I was ordered to Brentons Ford & to Send off a party to a Ford a mile & a half above me The name of which I do not Recollect another to Jones’ Ford & another to Buffentons Ford a mile & a half above Jones’ upon my asking whether there were no fords higher up I was Informed in presence of yr Excellencey That There was none within Twelve miles to Cross at which the Enemy Must make a Long Circuit Through a very Bad Road & that all the Light Horse of the Army were ordered to the Right to watch the Enemys motions on that Quarter. I had no orders to Take any Care Above Buffentons Ford nor had I Light Troops or Light Horse for the purpose I have never had any Light Horse with me Since I Joined the Army I found four with Major Taylor when I came to Brentons Ford two of which I Sent off with Colo. Hazen to Jones’ Ford. nor did I See any till Major Jemmison came to me the Day of the Battle at nine of Clock. on the Day I came to that Ford I Detached the Delaware Regt to the Ford next above me—Hazen to Jones’ & part of his Regiment to Buffentons—& as Soon as I Saw Major Jammison I Directed him to Send an officer over to the Lancaster Road who Returned & Said no Enemy had passd that way Major Jemison Said he came from the Right of the Army & I might Depend there was no Enemy there I however Sent a Captain off who never Returned till I had the Intelligence from Another Quarter.
As to the other Charges I Shall Say nothing Excepting that I do not Recollect where I have been Repeatedly unfortunate I have always been with the Army & Shared both their good and bad fortune Exclusive of them I have done nothing Except on Staten Island which though not So Compleat as I could wish I call it a victory. Dr General with much Esteem I am your most obedient Servant

Jno. Sullivan


Title: From George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 24 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

Dear Sir,
Head Quarters [Whitpain Township, Pa.]October 24th 1777

It ever has been, and I hope ever will be, a ruling principle with me, to endeavour to do impartial justice to every officer, over whom, I have the honor to preside. I shall therefore, in answer to the quæries, contained in your letter of this date, readily declare—
That although, I ascribed the misfortune which happened to us on the 11th of September, principally to the information of Major Spear, transmitted to me by you; yet I never blamed you for conveying that intelligence. On the contrary, considering from whom, and in what manner it came to you, I should have thought you culpable in concealing it. The Major’s rank, reputation and knowledge of the country gave him a full claim to credit and attention.
His intelligence was no doubt a most unfortunate circumstance; as it served to derange the disposition that had been determined on, in consequence of prior information, of the enemy’s attempt to turn and attack our right flank, which ultimately proving true, too little time was left us, after discovering its certainty, to form a new plan, and make adequate arrangements to prevent its success. Hence arose that hurry and consequently confusion which afterwards ensued. But it was not your fault, that the intelligence was eventually found to be erroneous!
With respect to your other quære, whether your being posted on the right was to guard that flank, and if you had neglected it? I can only observe, that the obvious, if not declared purpose of your being there, implied every necessary precaution for the security of that flank. But it is at the same time to be remarked, that all the fords above Chads, which we were taught to apprehend danger from, were guarded by detachments from your division; and that we were led to believe by those, whom we had reason to think well acquainted with the Country, that no ford above our piquets could be passed, without making a very circuitous march.
Upon the whole then no part of your conduct, preceding the action, was, in my judgment, reprehensible. what happened on your march to the field of battle, your disposition there and behaviour during the action, I can say nothing about, no part ’till the retreat commenced having come under my immediate observation. I can only add therefore, that the whole tenor of your conduct, so far as I have had opportunities of judging has been spirited and active. I am Dear Sir, Your most Obedient servant.


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Wharton, Jr., 24 October 1777
From: Wharton, Thomas Jr.
To: Washington, George

Sir
Lancaster [Pa.] October 24th 1777

I had the honour of receiving your favour of the seventeenth instant which was immediately laid before Council.
In consequence of this application, we have ordered out two classes of militia offering an exemption from their fines to such delinquents of the former classes, as can be prevailed upon to join them, and have invited all of every class to turn out as volunteers. The Lieutenants have orders, if they do not find these two classes turn out generally, to order to camp the next two succeeding classes. To encourage the people to exert themselves with alacrity we have published an address offering every motive we could suggest, to stimulate our constituents to their duty. What numbers may be drawn forth into service in consequence of these measures we cannot possibly ascertain with precision; but believe they will be more than we can possibly arm. If you should think proper to encourage our calling forth unarmed men under the prospect of their finding arms at camp, we will endeavour to do more; but from the view your letter presents, of the want of that necessary article with you, we think it unnecessary to take further measures at present to draw forth a multitude of people who cannot afford any service.
The other important subject mentioned in your Letter of taking measures for compleating our continental Battalions, I shall communicate to the Legislature as soon as they meet. I have the Honor to be with great respect Your Excellencys Obedient Humble servt

Tho. Wharton jun. Prest


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel James Wilkinson, 24 October 1777
From: Wilkinson, James
To: Washington, George

Sir
East Town [Pa.] October 24th 1777

I have this Moment arrived here, on my Way to Congress, with dispatches from Major General Gates; and being Uncertain whether your Excellency is apprized of the Fact; I think it my duty to congratulate you, on Lt Genl Burgoynes Surrender to the American Arms—This fortunate Event took place on the 17th Inst., & put us in possession of Six General officers, five thousand Combitants, five thousand stand of Arms, and twenty Seven Peices of well sorted brass Ordnance with fixed Ammunition Compleat. I have the further pleasure to assure your Excellency that we have made during the Campaign upwards of two thousand discretionary Prisoners among whom are several Field Officers & a large Proportion of Subordinate ones. The most Material Article in the Convention between Major Genl Gates & Lt Genl Burgoyne, is, that the latter with his Army are allowed to return to great Britain, on parole not to bear Arms against America during the present Contest.
The Incendiary Crew from N. York continue to ravage the Banks of the North River—The dwellings of Judge Livingston & Mrs Montgomery have, among many others, shared the Fate of Esopus. I have the Honor to be Your Excellencies, Obliged, Obedt & ready Servant

James Wilkinson


Title: General Orders, 25 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, Whitpain Township [Pa.] Octobr 25th 1777.
Braintree.Concord. Danvers.

The intention of a certificate upon pay Abstracts under the hands of the Brigadiers, was, that the truth of them should be made apparent, upon a comparison with the weekly returns, and unless the Brigadiers make such comparison, the signing their names is but an empty

form—The Commander in Chief therefore requires, that henceforward the Brigadiers, or officers commanding brigades that are without brigadiers, carefully compare the pay-abstracts, with the weekly returns, before they make a certificate concerning them.
The Commander in Chief orders that a weekly return be made, of each brigade, to morrow morning at ten o’clock without fail—The returns to be made with all possible exactness, and of those men returned on Command, their respective commands and the number on each, are to be pointed out—The General will look to the Brigadiers, or officers commanding brigades, for the punctual compliance with this order.
The Commander in Chief approves, the following sentences of a General Court Martial, held the 14th instant, whereof Colonel Brodhead was president, and orders them to be put in execution immediately.
Lieut. Nathaniel Ferris of Col. Swift’s regiment, charged with “Being drunk, and incapable of doing his duty, when the army engaged with the enemy on the 4th instant”—was found guilty and sentenced to be cashiered.
Lieut. Joseph Fish of Capt: Lee’s company, in Colo. Durkee’s regiment, charged with “Leaving the regiment and platoon, he belonged to, while on the march towards the enemy, on the night of the 3rd instant—and also with being much disguised with liquor” was acquitted of the first charge, but found guilty of being much disguised with liquor, and sentenced therefore, to be reprimanded, by the Brigadier General, in the presence of the officers of the brigade.
The General again congratulates the troops on the success of our arms—On Wednesday last a body of about 1200 Hessians, under the command of Count Donop, made an attack on Fort Mercer at Red-Bank, and after an action of 40 minutes were repulsed with great loss—Count Donop himself is wounded and taken prisoner, together with his Brigade Major, and about 100 other officers and soldiers, and about 100 were left dead on the field, and as they carried of[f] a great many of their wounded, their whole loss is probably at least 400: Our loss was trifling, the killed and wounded amounting only to about 32.
The next morning a number of the enemy’s ships came up, and attacked Fort Mifflin and the Gallies, and after a severe cannonade of several hours, the ships thought proper to retire, but in retiring a 64 Gun-ship—and a frigate ran aground and were burnt.
After Orders. The Court of enquiry, of which Genl Greene is president, is to sit to morrow morning at nine o’clock at the president’s quarters, to enquire into the conduct of Major General Stephen, on the march from the Clove to Schuylkill-falls—in the action of the

11th of September last on the Brandywine—and more especially in the action of the 4th instant at and about Germantown, on which occasions he is charged with “Acting unlike an officer”—Also into the charge against him, for “Drunkenness, or drinking so much, as to act frequently in a manner, unworthy the character of an officer.”


Title: To George Washington from Major General John Armstrong, Sr., 25 October 1777
From: Armstrong, John Sr.
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Lancaster [Pa.] 25th Octobr 1777

At this place I found about three hundred of the militia of this County Collected & other smaller partys coming in, the former employed to very little purpose waiting for Acoutrements whereof they are almost totally destitute a great part not even bringing Blankets which Article they undoubtedly cou’d have found—But march they shall this afternoon having prompted the Council to make another effort for Blankets in this Burrow, and to be Sent after them, as keeping them here is every way ruinous. I depend on Spare Arms for them from the Brigadiers Potter & Irwin.
The Council Say they have furnished a number of Arms to the Virginia Militia on their way to Camp, when these militia are discharged it will be proper those Arms be delivered in my Division & kept near the Army.
I have prevailed on the Council somewhat to alter the mode of calling forth their troops, which they have now done afresh and have my Self wrote a number of letters to Militia Colonels thro’ various parts of the State (a Copy is inclosed) from these measures some Small advantage at least may be hoped—This evening I intend Setting out for

Camp, making on the way a Circuit among Some Whigs in Chester County, which is all in my power to do in any reasonable time.
Wou’d you immagin that here are about four hundred Continental Soldiers—A Captain and One hundred will march Suddenly, and the Others I have Order’d to follow in Smaller partys but alwais with an officer as fast as Shoes can be had for them, or the Doctor will pronounce them fit to march of which there is something to be said hereafter. The Watry Conflagration yields matter of farther thanks—Americas redemption appears to draw nigh—May Heaven direct you, that in the Sequel of this very important Campaign your Steps may neither be too fast nor too Slow. I have the honor to be your Excellencys devoted Servt

John Armstrong


Title: From George Washington to Major Robert Ballard, 25 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Ballard, Robert

Sir
Head Quarters [Whitpain Township, Pa.] Octor 25th 1777.

I received your favor of the 23d Inst. and am obliged by the intelligence it contains. The conduct of your Garrison has equaled my most sanguine expectations, and merit my warmest acknowledgements & thanks. Be assured no exertions of mine shall be wanting to give you every support in my power; ammunition is now on its way to the Forts, and a supply of that article shall not be wanting, when possible for me to procure it. I am &c.

G. W——n


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Adam Comstock, 25 October 1777
From: Comstock, Adam
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fort at Red Bank [N.J.] Octo. 25 1777

Col. Greene being very much fatigu’d in Strengthening the Fo[r]t & in other necessary business of the Garrison, has Commanded me to inform your Excellency that on the 23d instant he had information that a strong Force under the Command of Genl Cornwallace had crossed Coopers Ferry, and were advancing toward us—Col. Greene expecting a new attack: The wounded Hessian Officers, and Privates being a little way out of the Fort, & likely in an attack to be retaken, tho’t it expedient to parole the Officers, & their paroles are inclosed which he hopes will meet your Excellencys approbation[.] None of the Prisoners are sent to Burlington as proposed—Great many of them are dead, and most of the remainder are supposed to be mortally wounded.
I have it in command to acquaint your Excellency that in consequence

of the Number killed and wounded, in the late Storm; and the Number rendered unfit for duty through the Severe fatigue the Garison has gon through, ever since their arival; the Garrison is not so strong by at least 70 Men as when attack’d—and that the Garrison is now in want of 20.000 Musquet Cartriges sorted.
The killed and wounded of the Enemy in the late Storm were much greater than was known when the last Express went from hence—The Hessian Col. Informs us that One Lt Col. was mortally Wounded and carried away, before he himself rec’d his wound.
The Morning after the Action a small Party from the Enemy, under pretence of a Flagg, cross’d Coopers Ferry Arm’d, and approach’d within 5 Miles of this Fort, took away a Number of wounded Hessians left on the Road in their retreat, took 2 Militia Officers prisoners which were afterwards retaken; But the Militia not having resolution enough to take the Party, they Marchd back to the Ferry & recros’d with their wounded, before we had the inteligence.
Col. Greene desires to know your Excellencys Pleasure, and Directions concerning the Prisoners in his Hands Which will be unvariably Observed.
We continue at work, strengthening Our Fort with all the resolution & expedition our fatigu’d and guld out Garison are Capibal. And although the Colonel and all the Officers of the Garrison are unanimusly determined to defend the Post to the last extremity, yet under the present State of the Garrison & there being no Bomproof, nor Screen in the Fort, should the Enemy lay a regular seige and Bombard us, it might prove fatal to this most important Post; should not your Excellency send a Force against them and raise the Seige as soon as possible. I have the honr to be with every sentiment of respect & esteem your Excellencys hume Servt

Adam Comstock Lt Colol


Title: To George Washington from the Continental Navy Board, 25 October 1777
From: Continental Navy Board
To: Washington, George

May it please your Excellency,
Borden Town [N.J.] 25th Octr 1777

We thought proper to forward the enclosed Letter for your Perusal, partly because it contains a pretty circumstantial Account of the late Action at Red Bank & the burning two of the Enemy’s Ships of War; but principally on Account of the Declaration in the last Paragraph of a Want of Amunition in the Garrison & Fleet.
We have, whilst at this Place, exerted ourselves in supplying our Ships with Necessaries, which is the Reason Captn Robinson has applied to us for Cartridges & Ball; but as it is altogether out of our Power to furnish those Articles, and a Scarcity of them may be attended with very serious Consequences, we thought it most prudent to inform your Excellency of the Requisition made; not doubting but you will give such Orders as may have a sure & speedy Effect. Sincerely wishing you Health & Success—we have the Honour to be With all Respect & Esteem your Excellency’s most obedient humble servants

Fras Hopkinson
John Wharton

P.S. We wish your Excelly would be so good as to return Capt. Robinson’s Letter by the Bearer.


Title: To George Washington from Major Benjamin George Eyre, 25 October 1777
From: Eyre, Benjamin George
To: Washington, George

Sir
Bordentown [N.J.] October th 25 1777

Capt. Doherdey has just Come to this plaice he informs me that we are in want of musket Cartridges 32 pound shot & Grape shot—Eight waggons Loaded with powder left Burlington this morning they went by the way of mountholley the Brittish troops that Crossed has Gone back their is four two Deckkers Come up threw the lore Chevackdefriez the Comodore wants a few men in the Galleys but they Cannot be had from here as their is only men sufficient to take Care of the friggates—

Genl Forman is on his way to Readbanck he was at Croswicks this afternoon he will bring one hundred Continental men with him & 50 malitia they are at allentown this Night the Enemies loss at readbank is less then it wass first reported their lows is thought to be 97 kild & aboute 200 wounded we have not Got any field pieces from them Would it not be prudent to Send more Powder from allenstown as soon as possible Provisions they have Plenty—I am Sir your Humble servt

Benjn Eyre

I shall have all the Stores mov’d from this plaise in two or three Days.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General David Forman, 25 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Forman, David

Dear Sir,
Skippack road [Pa.] 15th Mile stone 25th Octr 1777.

My Letter of the 21st Instt (which I hope has got safe to your hands) would amply convey to you my Ideas of the Importance of red Bank, and leaves me little to add on that head, saving, that the more it is considered, the more essential it appears, to use every possible means for its preservation.
The late check which the Enemy met with, in attempting to Storm the Fort at that place is a most fortunate event; but I am far from conceiving that it will deter them from endeavouring by slower, and more effectual means, to possess themselves of it. to make themselves perfect Masters of the River & the defences of the Cheveaux de Frieze it is essential to them to occupy that spot—It is equally, essential to us to disappoint them, by every exertion in our power; I wish therefore, most ardently, to hear of your being in that Neighbourhood with a respectable body of Militia, as the preservation of the Forts will, in the judgment of most men rid Phila. of their present guests and Jersey of the disagreeable Situation of being between two Fires for it is not to be expected that the Enemy will remain long quiet after having once established themselves in the City—Jersey must then afford them

Supplies be ravaged with Impunity or, a force constantly kept on foot for protection of the Inhabitants—how burthensome this will be, let the people themselves judge.
Colo. Green who Commands at red bank seems to apprehend nothing from a storm, but every thing from an Investiture, as the work is contracted, and unprovided with the smallest defence against Shells, which would drive them out immediately—a siege therefore must be prevented—and this cannot be prevented without the assistance of your Militia—I am too well acquainted with your activity & zeal to add more on this head & therefore conclude with strong assurances of being Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt Servt


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 25 October 1777
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
York Town, Pennsylvania October 25th 1777.

I have been duely honoured with your Favours of the 18th and 21st and immediately laid them before Congress; from whom I have it in Charge to forward the enclosed Resolves, with a Request that you will pay that Attention to them which they require.
You will recieve herewith two Bundles of Commissions, which I should have forwarded sooner, had I not been prevented from signing them, by a severe Fit of the Gout.
I have not as yet heard a Word from Genl Gates with Respect to the important Intelligence of the Surrender of Genl Burgoyne and his Army. Should the agreeable News reach York Town, before my Departure, I will instantly forward it to you: or should it not arrive till afterwards, my Successor will undoubtedly do himself that Pleasure. I have the Honour to be with the utmost Esteem Sir Your most obed. & very hble Servt

John Hancock Presid.


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 25 October 1777
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir,
York Town Pennsylvania October 25th 1777.

I was duely honoured with your Favour of the 22d and am much obliged by the Expressions of Politeness & Friendship which it contains. A few Months Relaxation will, I hope, restore my Health and Constitution, and enable me still to contribute my feeble Efforts, in some Mode or other, to the Advancement of the Cause of Freedom in America. If I should not return to Congress, it will be the Height of my Inclination, as it will also be in my Power, to render some Service to the general Interest, in my own native Country.
As I propose setting out on Monday and shall go thro’ Bethlehem, I must request that the Escort of Horse you so politely offered to attend me, may meet me there. Should I reach Bethlehem before them, I shall wait their Arrival. In the present critical State of our Affairs, I believe I should decline setting out for a few Days; but having wrote to Mrs Hancock to meet me at some Distance from Boston, I am under a Necessity of beginning my Journey on Monday Morning. I am, dear Sir, with great Esteem and Regard, your most obed. & most hble Servt

John Hancock


Title: From George Washington to Commodore John Hazelwood, 25 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Hazelwood, John

Sir
Head Quarters [Whitpain Township, Pa.] 25th October 1777

I was last night favd with yours of the 23d. Give me leave to congratulate you upon your Victory, and return my thanks to the Officers and men for their gallant behaviour, to those particularly who were more immediately engaged. I hope Colo. Green’s success by land added to yours upon the Water, will make the Enemy cautious of attempting either again. You may depend upon being supplied with ammunition while there is a possibility of conveying to you. 1000 Cartridges for

18 lb. and 640 for 24 pounders were upon the way down when you wrote, and I hope have arrived before this. I have also this morning ordered down two Waggon loads of ammunition from hence.
I will do every thing in my power, ill as I can afford the Men, to reinforce the fleet. In the mean time you must make the best shift you can by borrowing of Colo. Green upon an emergency. There are about 100 seamen employed in the new Frigates that lay up at Whitehill. I have been thinking that they might be scutled and sunk for the present, and all the Men, except a few to be left for ferry men, sent down to you. I have wrote to the Continental Navy Board at Bordentown for their opinion upon the expediency of this matter, and shall be obliged to you for yours. I have another Reason for scutling them, which is, that I fear the Enemy will possess themselves of them, and with the Assistance of them and the Delaware Frigate very much annoy your Rear. I am &c.


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 25 October 1777
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Head Quarters Boston October 25th 1777.

We find by the destination of the prisoners of General Burgoynes Army to this Neighbourhood, a wide and difficult Field opens to us. To provide Quarters, provisions, Fuel &c. for Five or Six Thousand Men will be no small Task. The Assembly suppose them to be under my direction and have advised that they be placed in the Barracks on prospect and Winter Hill, Cambridge & Sewells point, and indeed I do not see where else they can be Quartered, if they are to remain together and near this place, I have applied for a thousand or Twelve Hundred Men for Guards and am determined on the one hand to treat them with politeness & humanity and on the other with precaution and strict Order. But must intreat your Excellency’s endeavors to facilitate their removal as soon as possible, as their continuance for any considerable time will greatly distress the Inhabitants both as to provisions and Fuel especially the latter, Wood is now twelve & fourteen Dollars ⅌ Cord on the wharves, and the Inhabitants cannot obtain a supply at that price. So Many of the Coasters are taken by the Enemy’s Cruisers that they are become very unwilling to run the risk of falling into their hands. I submit to your Excellency the propriety & expediency of obtaining a protection from Lord Howe for such a number of Vessels as may be

thought necessary to supply the prisoners from the Eastern Country[.] If some such method cannot be devised I do not at present see how it can be obtained. I have wrote to Congress on the Subject—and would also request your Excellency’s directions as soon as may be convenient to you—As soon as the disposition of, and regulations for the prisoners are made I will transmit them to your Excellency.
It will be necessary, if practicable to convey a quantity of Flour this way. I have the honor to be With great respect Your Excellency’s Obed. Servant

W. Heath


Title: Colonel Henry Emanuel Lutterloh’s Remarks on Payment for Damages, 25 October 1777
From: Lutterloh, Henry Emanuel
To:

Octbr 25 1777

The present Mode of bringing in the Accounts for Demmages done by our Army, is open to Several abuses, and put it intirely out of the power of the quarter Master Generals or his Deputys to pay them. As long as I have acted allone, I have refused to pay any Such articles; for reasons, I found that by paying all those Estimates made by the owners and attested by some of their Neighbours, the Sums were exceedingly high, & it is impossible to assertain the right quantity & true worth, of their losses, as many reasons may persuade them to make the Valuation higher as it ought to be—besids in our present Situation those heavy articles will allways Keep us drained of Cash, I therefore have Set a Side all those articles of Demmages. And my humble proposition is, That the Honorble Congress would do best, for both Partys, to appointed directly Three or more officers, which understood to Value Demmages, and to let Them go about, to over luck and to Value all those losses as stated by the owners. And as often as our Army mooves, Two of them ought to stay behind and be upon the Spots where the Demmages is done, & to take Some distand Country men as proper Assistants to Value the losses, then to give a Sufficient Certificat which allways ought to be paid in our Winter quarter and never in Camp. by which the Treasury will not loose & the Country has no Reason to Complain—I thought it my duty to propose this.

H. E. Lutterloh.


Title: To George Washington from Jeremiah Dummer Powell, 25 October 1777
From: Powell, Jeremiah Dummer
To: Washington, George

State of Massachusetts Bay Council Chamber Boston Octo. 25th 1777
Sir,

We sincerely Congratulate your Excellency upon the very extraordinary Success with which the American Army in the Northern Department has been Crowned, you have doubtless before this been fully Acquainted by General Gates with the Surrender of General Burgoyne and his Army into his hands, a Glorious Acquisition which must be Attended with the happiest Consequences, we wish your Excellency the like Success, and that Genl Howe’s retreat may be Cut off and he and his whole Army oblig’d to surrender to your Excellency, Prisoners of War.
General Gates has Informed us that Genl Burgoynes Army consisting of abt 5000 are now on their way to Boston from Whence they are to have a free passage to England in a Number of Transports to be sent for that Purpose to the Port of Boston by Genl Howe.
we hope their Transports will be ordered to sail for this Port with all Possible expedition, for we must Observe to your Excellency that such are our Circumstances at present that it will be distressing to us and dangerous to the State for to have these Prisoners detained here for any length of Time—It will be Difficult to Supply them with Provisions and Fuel, our Coast is so Guarded it will be Extreemly difficult to get a Supply of Wood & other Articles necessary for their Use; besides in Case they should Continue here any time their Intercourse with our People, notwithstanding all the precautions we can take, may be Attended with very bad Consequences, they will use all their Arts by way of Intimidation and otherways to poison the minds of our People and to divide us—the sooner therefore they are Transported the better, we must Intreat Your Excellency therefore to use your kind Endeavours with Genl Howe that the Transports may be dispatched for this Port with all possible Expedition and that they may Come well Wooded and Watered and with every other Provision necessary for their Voyage, they will find it difficult to get provided here, Suffer us to Suggest whether it would not be best that Care should also be taken that they should have no military Stores or any other Goods on board but such as necessary for the Accomadation of the Troops—In short whether it will be any ways Inconsistent with the Articles of Convention: to Insist upon their Coming under the Character of Flags of Truce and under the same regulations and restrictions. In the Name & Behalf of Council I am with great Respect your Excellency’s most Obedt Hble Servt

Jer: Powell Presdt


Title: Circular to Brigadier General Casimir Pulaski and the Colonels of the Continental Light Dragoon Regiments, 25 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Pulaski, Casimir,Colonels of the Continental Light Dragoon Regiments

Head Quarters [Whitpain Township, Pa.] October 25th 1777
Sir,

I am sorry to find that the liberty I granted to the light dragoons of impressing horses near the enemy’s lines has been most horribly abused and perverted into a mere plundering scheme. I intended nothing more than that the horses belonging to the disaffected, in the neighbourhood of the British army, should be taken for the use of the dismounted dragoons, and expected, that they would be regularly reported to the Quarter master General, that an account might be kept of the number and the persons from whom they were taken, in order to a future settlement. Instead of this, I am informed that under pretence of the authority derived from me, they go about the country plundering whomsoever they are pleased to denominate tories, and converting what they get to their own private profit and emolument. This is an abuse that cannot be tolerated; and as I find the license allowed them, has been made a sanction for such mischeivous practices, I am under the necessity of recalling it altogether. You will therefore immediately make it known to your whole corps, that they are not under any pretence whatever to meddle with the horses or other property of any inhabitant whatever, on pain of the severest punishment, for they may be assured as far as it depends upon me that military execution will attend all those who are caught in the like practice hereafter.
the more effectually to put it out of their power to elude this prohibition, all the horses in your corps, in the use of the Non Commissioned officers and privates, not already stamped with the Continental brand are without loss of time to be brought to the Qr Master General to receive that brand; and henceforth if any of them shall be found with horses that are without it, they shall be tried for marauding and disobedience of orders.
I am fully confident, you will be equally disposed with me to reprobate and abolish the practice complained of; and will adopt the strictest measures to fulfil the intention of this letter, and prevent its continuance in future. I am Sir Yr most Obedt ser.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Israel Putnam, 25 October 1777
From: Putnam, Israel
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Fis[h] kill [N.Y.] Octr 25th 1777

I have been honrd with the recept of your two Favours of the 15th & 19th Inst.—and have the pleasure to acquaint you that after a Tedious march we are returned to this place, the Fleet passed down by here yesterday, & did but little dammage on their return.
Some heavy Artillery & a reinforcement of Continental Troops, I am Informed by Genl Gates, are on their way to Join me—by a deserter & two of our people, who escaped from the Enimy, at Verplank’s point, day before yesterday I am Informed, that four Regiments are gone from N. york to reinforce Genl How which Caused Genl Vaughn’s hasty return down the river, probably to increase the reinforcement as fifteen hundred of the york militia are ordered to be draughted to

Supply their place at N. york—I Trust & hope the Succour they are Sending will arrive too late to releive Genl How.
we have Collected twenty three boats that escaped the Enemy, Some of which want repairing—besides the boat Supposed to be left up Esopus Creek & the Row Galley, which have not been reconnoitured.
I Shall order the boats that want repairing to be repaired & Some new Ones to be built immediatly[.] With esteem & respect I am affectionately your most obedient humble Servant

Israel Putnam


Title: General Orders, 26 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, Whitpain [Township, Pa.] October 26th 1777.
Parole Worcester.C. Signs Rutland. Salem.

The Court of enquiry of which General Greene was president, relative to the complaint against General Maxwell, report their opinion as follows—“The Court of enquiry having fully inquired into the complaints, exhibited by Lieut. Col. Heth, against Brigadier General Maxwell, while commanding the light-corps, are clearly of opinion, that they are without foundation; saving that it appears, he was once during said time disguised with liquor in such a manner, as to disqualify him in some measure, but not fully, from doing his duty; and that once or twice besides his spirits were a little elevated by spiritous liquor—The court submit to His Excellency’s better judgment, whether Genl Maxwell from these instances of deviation, ought to be subjected to a trial by court martial.”
The Commander in Chief directs that the General Court Martial of which Genl Sullivan is president, as soon as the trial before them is finished, proceed to the trial of Brigadier General Maxwell, upon the complaints referred to in the foregoing report.
The Commander in Chief approves the following sentences of a General Court martial, of which Col. Brodhead was president, held the 17th—18th and 19th instant, and orders that they be put in execution forthwith—viz.
Lieut. Col. John Markham, of the 8th Virginia regiment, charged with “Having left the regiment in time of action, on the 4th instant, and also, on the retreat of the same day”; and also charged with “Delay when ordered to support the advanced guard”—was, by the unanimous opinion of the court, found guilty of the charges exhibited against, and sentenced to be cashiered.
Capt. McCormick of the 13th Virginia regiment charged with “Laying down in time of action and behaving in a cowardly, unofficerlike manner”—was acquitted with honor.
Lieut: Crain of the 15th Virginia regt charged with “Disobedience of orders, also with breaking his arrest”—acquitted by the unanimous opinion of the court.
Lieut. Thomas Moore of Capt. Harrison’s company in the 13th Virginia regiment charged with “Encouraging the men to breed a mutiny, and otherwise behaving unbecoming the character of a Gentleman or officer”—was acquitted.
Thomas Roach a matross in Capt. Serjeants company of artillery in

Col. Crane’s regt of artillery charged with “Desertion, and attempting to go to the enemy”—The Court are unanimously of opinion the prisoner is guilty of the charge against him, and do unanimously sentence him to suffer death. This sentence is to be executed to morrow at twelve o’clock, near the artillery park, 60 men with officers, from each brigade, are to attend the execution.
Capt. Thomas Patterson of Col. Dayton’s regiment, is appointed Brigade Major (pro tempore) for Genl Maxwell’s brigade, and is to be obeyed as such.
After Orders. The execution of Thomas Roach is respited for three days.


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 26 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

Dr Sir
Camp near White Marsh 15 Miles from Philadelpa Octob. 26: 1777.

Your favor of the 20th I received Yesterday afternoon, and feel much for the havoc and devastion committed by the Enemy employed on the North River. Their Maxim seems to be, to destroy where they cannot conquer, and they hesitate not, to pursue a conduct that would do dishonor to the Arms of the most savage Barbarians. I know your feelings upon the occasion, and regret, that you were not in a situation to check their progress. This procedure I hope will call forth the exertions of all and that in the course of Events, we shall have more solid grounds for triumph. A Copy of the Articles respecting General Burgoyn’s surrender reached me this morning for the first time.
When General Putnam informed me of the capture of Fort Montgomery, he wrote to Congress upon the subject. By the first Opportunity, I shall transmit them a Copy of your Letter now before me. I am happy you detained Colo. Malcom, as you found him so serviceable, and consent to his remaining, as long as you shall think him of essential use. As to his Regiment, it is now here. Had I been apprized of the circumstance you mention, before it marched, I would not have ordered it to join this Army.
I have the pleasure to inform you, that on the 22d Inst., about 1200 Hessians under the command of Count Donnop, attempted to storm our Fort at Red Bank and were repulsed with the loss of about 400 in killed—wounded & prisoners. The Count is among the prisoners & badly wounded—Our loss upon the occasion did not exceed thirty Two—and those were chiefly wounded. Immediately after the repulse, the Enemy retreated with great precipation and recrossed the Delaware as soon as possible. The next morning several of the Enemy’s Ships warped through the lower tire of Chivaux defrize and attacked Fort Mifflin and our Armed Vessels which were posted near it. The Canonade was severe & after a long continuance they were obliged to return. The Enemy on their part lost One large Ship said to be the Augusta of 64 Guns and a Frigate of 32. They were both burnt; whether from our shot or from what other cause is not ascertained. the large Ship had got on Ground. They seem’d much determined to carry these posts. I hope these disappointments will prevent their further attempts—However they are not yet done, there having been a Canonade this Morning. I am Dr Sir with great regard & esteem Yr Most Obedt sert

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Parke Custis, 26 October 1777
From: Custis, John Parke
To: Washington, George

Hond Sir
Mount Vernon October 26th 1777

Your two Letters of the 28 Ult. were handed to Me by Colo. Hooe, on my Way from Eltham. I am much oblidged to you for your kind advice respecting the Sale of my Land in King & Queen; my principle reason for wanting to sell It soon, is this. The Houses are now in good repair, and will sell better on that account. the Land is too mean to make It worth my While to keep Negroes ther with a Prospect of makeing a Crop. when I could employ Them otherwise to more Advantage; It would not do for Me to leave the House & Plantation without some One to take Care of Them. They would in that Case, be soon in such a Situation, that would make Them sell for less then they would now do. I have fixed upon three Pound pr Acre as my lowest Price, which I believe I shall get, and perhaps more. I am in hopes to purchase F. Forster’s Land, for the money I sell my Land for. which will be the greatest addition to my Estate in N. Kent. My being so unlucky in not receiveing your Letter before I left Williamsburg, prevented my applying to Mr Wythe about drawing the Deeds between Us. but as a Delay in this Matter will not be productive of bad Consequences. and from the favourable reports circulating among Us I am in hopes shortly to hear that Howe is in the same Situation with Burgoyne. Which I pray God may happen. I shall once more have the Pleasure of seeing you at Mt Vernon, when We shall have Leisure to settle this Matter. but if this desirable Event should not happen, I intend myself the Pleasure of visiting Camp shortly, and We may then have an Opportunity of doing this Business.
I beleive I shall be oblidged to postpone settleing the rent of your Plantation in King William, untill that wish’d for Period; as Mamma seems to have some Objections to renting It during Her Life, and It would not answer my Purpose to rent It on any other Term. When I first wrote to you I thought She had no Objections, but since I receiv’d your Letter, I have talk’d to her on that Subject, and It does not appear to be perfectly agreable to her, to part with the Place altogether during Life. When I wrote to you, I was at some lose how to employ those Hands that now work on the King & Queen land, to advantage, but since that Time I have fallen on a Plan of employing Them in making Meadow; which I think will turn out to as much Advantage as any thing I can sett them about. I am very sorry to inform you, that I am afraid your Stock cannot possibly escape the Distemper another summer; indeed I am so thoroghly convinced of It, that I am Determined as the most prudent Method, to sell all my Cattle that have not had the Distemper

and get those that have had It, both in N. Kent & King & William. The Distemper has killd fifty odd head for Mr Dandridge, & several for Mr Braxton, It is a Miracle We escap’d this Summer. We can hardly expect to do It another, as the Melady is on each Side of Us.
Our Neighbour Colo. Mason is preparing a remedy against the Depreciation of our Money, which I think will do him great Credit. He is prepareing a Bill for a general Assessment on all Property, by which he will draw in 500,0000£ pr Anm. his Valuation of Property is very low, which will render his Plan very agreable to the People; He has likewise a Plan for recruiting our Army, which I think a very good One: but I am fearful they will not succeed, by his not attending the Assembly, which met last Monday. He Proposed to sett off this Day, but as it is a rainy Day, he will be disappointed. I wish he may sett of when the Weather will permit. his attendence in Assembly is of the greatest importance to this State, as I beleive It was never so badly represented as at present—Nelly joins Me in wishing you Health Victory, and every Blessing in this World, and beleive me Hond Sir yr most Affecte

J. P. Custis


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philemon Dickinson, 26 October 1777
From: Dickinson, Philemon
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Elizabeth Town [N.J.] 26th October 1777

The Governors Answer this moment came to hand, which I inclose your Excellency—tis such, as I little expected—By Order of the Governor & Council, I was stationed at this Post, with Directions to keep up 1,000 Men—my number at present, does not exceed 700 men—could I with propriety, I would instantly march 500 Men from this

Post, but this cannot be done, without an Order of the Governor, or Council.
The Enemy (by advice reced this Day) have landed 1300 Men on Staten Island, & tis said they intend us a Visit—I have wrote Genls Forman, & Newcomb, to collect & march all the Men, they can possibly raise, without loss of Time, to Red Bank.
Since the Governor does not chuse to give the necessary Orders, I will risk it myself, altho’ I have only the Power, of ordering out one half the Militia, by an express Law of our State—as there are not 200 Western Militia at this Post, I am in hopes they will be able to raise a tolerable Number.
The account of Burgoynes Surrender, comes confirmed several different ways, but I hope before this reaches your Excellency, you will have received the particulars from authority—I have the honor to be, your Excellency’s most Obt

Philemon Dickinson

P.S. Should Br Gl Winds make his appearance in a few day’s, I will order him on with his Brigade.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General David Forman, 26 October 1777
From: Forman, David
To: Washington, George

Sir
Red Bank Fort [N.J.] 26th October 1777

Your Excelys favr of the 22d Directed to me at The Salt works Unfortunately Went to The Salt Works by the lower road at The Same Time I came to Freehold by the upper, by Which means your Excelys orders ware not handed me untill Friday afternoon—previous to Which I had recd an Express giveing an Acct of The Defeat of the Troops your Excly mentioned to have Crossed to Attack the Fort and Their retreat

—Nevertheless being fully Impressed with The Importance This post is of to us and Equally so to The British Army, I made no Doubt but a second Attempt would shortly be made—I Therefore gave Directions for The Troops that Could be possably spared from that station Vizt one hundred to Hold Themselves in readiness to march Next Day, Vizt Saturday—& Early in The Morning Come forward my self to if possable give a Spurr to the Burlington Militia to put Them in motion—But am sorry to Inform your Excely that Neither our Late sucksesses or The Danger of haveing Their Country ravaged gives that spring to Thir spirits that is Necessary to bring Them out—I have however in The Most Express manner ordered The Colols to Exert Themselves and am in hopes that a few Days will produce Two or Three hundred men.
The Lower Militia under Genl Newcomb have not as yet produced a Single Man—As being Elder in Command Then Newcomb I have taken The Liberty This Day to Issue orders for Their Immediate Assembling, and Will from Time to Time do every thing in my power to Assemble Them.
I got to This post before Noon This day and recd Information from The Commidore That his Boats on Guard Last Night near The mouth of Schoolkill Heard a Constant rumbling of Wagons Comeing from Philada Ward, and Crossing over to Province Island from Ten oClock untill Near Day Break—Colol Green informs me that he saw a Large Body of men passing The Ferry; at one Time They Could Discover that Those who had Crossed wore Difrent Uniformes, Some red, some Blue—& that a Very Considerable body ware Waiting on the Crossway and in The Woods on Philada side to Cross—The Day was too Dark to make any Nice Discoveries—When I Got Down There ware plainly to be discovered a Large Number of Wagons on The Cross way—but it soon became to Hazy to Discover whether They Crossed to The Island or returned—at four oClock I was informed that a Body of British Troops had landed at Billingsport last Evening in Thirty five Boats—I Think from the Accts its tolerably well Ascertaind that There are some troops There, but the Time of Their Landing and Number Of boats appear reather a loose Acct not to be depended on, The Garrison at red Bank has been lately so Exceedingly Fatigued and in its size Small that They have not been able to keep any party on the Shorr—The Movements of Last Night & to Day amongst The Enemy has Occasioned The officer Commanding at Fort Miflin to Imagine They Mean to Attack that fort and has This day Drawn a reinforcement of Seventy men from Colol Green and Wished to have Drawn 100 more.
I make no Doubt but The Gents. request to Colol Green was Judicous as it respects fort Mifflin, But at The same Time am fully Convinced

that Colol Green Would in Case of An Attack Absolutely stand in need not only of These men but a grateer Number to Defend it. As Soon as any of my Troops Arrive I will send as many of Them into The Fort as Will Compleatly mann it.
By Thise means the fort will be in as good a State of Defence as before The Late Attack should They make a Second Attempt to Carry it by Assault, but should They Attempt to take The Fort by regular Approaches They will be so many men Lost.
The Gent. who have been on This Station for some Time may be better able to Judge of The Enemies Movements of last Night and This day Then I can—it may be that The Immediately mean to Attack Fort Mifflin or Red Bank or Booth, But I should reather be of opinion (from The Acct of Their Wagons moveing all Night) That they ware Moveing There stores and Baggage from Philada, aCross Province Island & to Chester—Tomorow Morning will perhaps Determine. I have The Honr to be yr Excelys Most obdt Humble Servt

David Forman


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Christopher Greene, 26 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Christopher

Sir
Head Quarters [Whitpain Township, Pa.] 26 Octobr 1777

I have sent down Lt Colo. Rollston with three hundred pennsylvania Militia to reinforce Forts Mercer and Mifflin. I therefore desire that you and Baron Arent will settle the proportion that each is to have upon the most equitable terms. If you should have been joined by such a Number of Jersey Militia as will render your post quite secure, you are to permit all the pennsylvania Militia to pass over to fort Mifflin. I am &ca


Title: From George Washington to Major General Benjamin Lincoln, 26 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Lincoln, Benjamin

Dear Sir
Head Quarters 15 Miles from Philada 26th October 1777

It gives me great pleasure to find by yours of the 20th that you are likely to save your leg, and that you think you will be able to take the Feild in the Spring, should there be occasion. I congratulate you upon the glorious termination of the Campaign against Genl Burgoine, which I hope will, in its consequences, free us from all our oppressors.
Ever since the Enemy got possession of Philadelphia their whole attention has been paid to reducing the Forts upon Delaware and endeavouring to remove the Chevaux de frize. After near a months work they removed two of the lower Chevaux de frize, thro’ which opening, six of their ships of War passed upon the morning of the 22d and began a most furious cannonade upon Fort Mifflin and our Ships and Gallies at the upper Frize, but they were so warmly opposed that they were obliged to sheer off. In going down, a 64 Gun Ship run on ground, she took fire and blew up. Our Galleys overtook and destroyed a Frigate. The remainder made the best of their way down.
The day following, Count Donop with about 1200 men attempted to carry our Fort at Red Bank on the Jersey Shore, by storm; he was repulsed with the loss of about 400 killed and wounded, among the latter the Count himself, who is prisoner. Since this they have remained tolerably quiet by land and Water. Genl Howe has withdrawn himself

within his lines thrown round Philadelphia. I observe by the terms of Genl Burgoines Capitulation that an exchange of prisoners may probably take place, if so the number of Officers taken in his Army will liberate all ours. In that case, Mr Douglas your Aid de Camp will ⟨soon⟩ be redeemed. But if this exchange should not take place, you may depend that Mr Douglas shall be called for as soon as it comes to his turn: For I have made it an invariable rule to give a preference to those who have been longest in Captivity. I most sincerely wish you a speedy and effectual Cure as I am with great Regard Dear Sir yr most obt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from the Pennsylvania Council of Safety, 26 October 1777
From: Pennsylvania Council of Safety
To: Washington, George

Sir
In Council of safety Lancaster [Pa.] October 26th 1777

The Council of safety have paid some attention to a plan of lowering the price of provisions. Among the various difficulties which attend this business, we hear great complaints of the price of grain being much raised by the enormous rate at which whiskey is sold in your camp. The distillers stick at no price for grain whilst these prices for whiskey are paid.
We would therefore propose to your Excellencys consideration, the step of forbidding, in General orders, more than ten shillings a gallon to be paid for this article in camp. Should this discourage the suttlers we apprehend the mischief would not be great, as the waggons they employ, and the intemperance they may occasion, are perhaps a full ballance to all the good they produce.
Unless something of this nature be attempted, we fear your commissaries will find it difficult, backed with whatever authority they may be, to procure grain at a reasonable rate.
Whatever regulations on this head you may think fit to adopt, you will be pleased to communicate.
We congratulate you on the many successes which of late have attended your arms, and which more than all other means will contribute

to lower the price of goods and raise the value of our currency. I have the Honor to be with the greatest respect Your Excellencys Obedient Humble servant

Tho. Wharton jun. Prest


Title: From George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 26 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

Dear Sir
Head Quarters 15 Miles from Philada 26th October 1777

I have your favr of the 20th inclosing a Copy of Genl Burgoines Capitulation which was the first authentic intelligence I recd of the Affair, indeed I began to grow uneasy and almost to suspect that the first accounts you transmitted me were premature. As I have not recd a single line from Genl Gates, I do not know what steps he is taking with the Army under his command, and therefore cannot advise what is most proper to be done in your quarter. But I should think if a junction of your force was formed, part to proceed down upon one side of the River and part upon the other, that Sr Henry Clinton would be obliged to retreat immediately before you, or if he suffered you to get between him and New York, you perhaps might, in its weak state, get into it. I mention this merely as matter of opinion, taking it for granted you will pursue the most proper and efficacious measures. Whatever may be determined upon, I beg may be constantly communicated to me, as the operations of this Army may depend much upon the situation of yours.
I have the pleasure to acquaint you that on the 22d Instant about 1200 Hessians under the command of Count Donop attempted to take our Fort at Red Bank by storm, they were repulsed with the loss of about 400 killed and wounded among the latter Count Donop himself who is prisoner. They retreated in the greatest confusion and recrossed the Delaware as speedily as possible. On the 23d in the Morning several of the Enemy’s ships of War got thro’ the lower Chevaux de frize and came up to Fort Mifflin, but they recd so warm a fire from our Ships Galleys and Battery that they were obliged to sheer off. One of

their 64 Gun ships got on ground. She took fire either from our shot or from accident and blew up. Our Galleys destroyed a Frigate also. since this they have remained tolerably quiet. Mr Hughes in a letter to Genl Mcdougal says that Nixon and Glovers Brigades are upon their march down, when they arrive, you can spare the small detatchments belonging to the New England Regiments now here. I beg they may be sent down as soon as possible to join their respective Corps.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Smith, 26 October 1777
From: Smith, Samuel
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fort Mifflin [Pa.] 26 Octr 1777

I recd your Excellys Order to remain in the Garrison & Shall obey it, when I wrote I expected there would not have been that Occasion for my being here which I now See there will, Baron d’Arendts ill State of Health will oblige him to retire to Red Bank for three or four days perhaps more, whether Coll Green or I are to Command I know not, I presume I am to have the Command untill an express Order from your Excelly to the Contrary, even Should he be an Elder Officer, for if an Elder Officer (for Instance Coll Green of Red Bank) was to throw in his Regt to our Assistance, would not d’Arendt Command. I believe so, if he would, then I certainly after him have the Command by your Excellys Order. Coll Green Says his Commission will be dated the 23d Decr last, mine ought & I expect will be dated the 10th as all the Officers from Maryland have their Commissions from that Date, ’tis true the Commissioners first appointed me Major, the Lieut. Collo. who they had appointed, did not Serve, the Assembly dissapprov’d of many of their Appointments, alter’d Some among the Rest made me a Lieut. Coll, these are my Reasons for thinking that my Commission will bear

that date, if your Excelly thinks them good Coll Green will be Satisfied to Serve under me.
A Reinforcement of 100 or 200 Men would not be too much to resist a Spirited Attack of 2000 Men, with 100 Infantry & 20 or 30 good Artillery we might do, Our Artillery are & will be very ill Serv’d. the few Artillery of Militia are Constantly taring to be discharg’d, their Times will be out in Ten or 15 days I am Clearly of Opinion if we had a Commodore who would do his Duty, it would be impossible for the Enemy ever to get Possession of this fort, without we are properly guarded the Enemy may be with us before we can form. the Channell which they are to Cross is So narrow, in the Night they may bring their Boats & Embark opposite to us without our Seeing them. the Baron has just recd an Answer to a Request he made for the Galleys, to be Sent early & begging that 6 might be Sent, three To guard above Reed House who would rake all that part of the Island, and three between Hog Island & the Battery, with this Guard (if they would do their duty) ⟨a⟩ll Sir Williams Army could not take the fort, his Answer the Baron inclosed you, The Enemy are very busy making Some work near the ferry Wharf opposite to our Wharf, for what I cannot Conceive, unless ’tis to cover their landing, or to fortify the Island against our Attack & by that Means to keep open their Communication by Tinnicum, they have all this day been Carrying fascines in Waggons, & in the Evening Earth to fill up the Breaches in the Causeway.
Fifty Blankets as many pr of Shoes, 4 Coats, 1 Vest, 4 pr Pants & two Great Coats (all farmers) were all I recd this day for my poor ragged fellows, now chiefly without Breeches, who are oblig’d to turn out before day, & perhaps may Soon be oblig’d to be So all Night, the last reinforcement are equally unfurnish’d. the Garrison ought to be well-Cloth’d or we destroy their Constitutions. I Hope your Excelly will give Order. My Officers & Men think they ought to be reliev’d but could they be Cloth’d I could make them Content. I Have the Honor to be your Excellys Most Obedt Servt

Sam Smith


Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 26 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.

Sir
Camp near White-Marsh 15 miles from Philadelphia Octr 26 1777

I was honored a few days ago with your favor of the 14th for which and its enclosure, I return you my thanks.
I am happy in congratulating you in turn, on the further success of our Arms at the Northward in the surrender of General Burgoyne—The particulars of this fortunate event will have reached you before this I expect, and therefore shall not add more upon the subject.
I have also the pleasure to inform you, that on the 22d Instant about 1200 Hessians under the command of Count Donnop, in an attempt to take our Fort at Red Bank by storm, were repulsed with the Loss of about 400 in killed—wounded & Prisoners—Among the Prisoners is the Count himself badly wounded—After the repulse, the Enemy retreated with great precipitation, and recrossed the Delaware as soon as possible—The next morning several of their Ships of War warped through the lower tear of Chevaux de Frize, and attacked Fort Mifflin and our Armed Vessels which were posted near it—The Cannonade

was severe and of long continuance—The Enemy had two Ships burnt—One said to be the Augusta of 64 Guns—The other a Frigate of 32—We are not informed whether they were set on fire by our Shot, or from what cause their destruction proceeded—The first, in returning, got a ground—Our Loss at Red Bank did not exceed 32 in killed and wounded, & not above four in the Action with the Ships of War. I have the Honor to be with great Respect your most obedient Servant

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Augustine Washington, 26 October 1777 [letter not found]
From: Washington, John Augustine
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from John Augustine Washington, 26 Oct. 1777. GW wrote his brother John Augustine Washington on 26 Nov., “Your Letters of the 26th of Octr and 7th Instt have come safe to hand.”


Title: General Orders, 27 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, Whitepain Township [Pa.] Octr 27th 1777.
Parole Hampton.C. Signs Kingston. Ludlow.


Title: From George Washington to Landon Carter, 27 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Carter, Landon

Dear Sir
Philadelphia County [Pa.] Octr 27th 1777.

Accept my sincere thanks for your sollicitude on my Acct—and for the good advice contained in your little paper of the 27th Ulto—at the sametime that I assure you, that It is not my wish to avoid any danger which duty requires me to encounter I can as confidently add, that it is not my intention to run unnecessary risques. In the Instance given

by you, I was acting precisely in the line of my duty, but not in the dangerous situation you have been led to believe. I was reconnoitring, but I had a strong party of Horse with me. I was, as (I afterwards found) in a disaffected House at the head of Elk, but I was equally guarded agt friend and Foe. the information of danger then, came not from me.
So many accts have been published of the battle of brandy wine that nothing more can be said of it—the subsequent Ingagement on the 4th Instt had every appearance (after a hot contest of two hours and forty minutes) of a glorious decission; but after driving the Enemy from their Incampment—possessing their ground—and being, as we thought, upon the point of grasping victory, it was snatched from us by means altogether unaccountable; excepting that a very heavy atmostphere, aided by the smoke of our Field pieces and Small arms, rendered impossible, at times, to distinguish friend from Foe at the distance of 30 yards which caused our Men I believe to take fright at each other; since that, the Enemy have retired to Phila. where they have been strengthening themselves as much as possible, whilst we hover round to cut of their Supplies.
The Enemy are exerting their utmost skill, to reduce the Forts constructed for the defence of the Chevaux de frieze in Delaware, and to drive of our little Fleet, employed in aid of them. On the 22d Instt Count Donop a Hessian Officer of Rank, & great Military Abilities, with 1200 of his Countrymen undertook to storm one of these Works (called Fort Mercer at Redbank on the Jersey shore) when himself and about 400 others were killed and wounded. between two and three hundred were left slain; and badly wounded, on the spot. the rest got off with their retreating brethren, who made the best of their way to Phila.—the Count is among the wounded—supposed Mortally.
The next day, several of the Enemys Ships, having passed the lower Chevaux de frieze, aided by their Land Batteries, began a most tremendous Canonade upon Fort Mifflin (on an Island near the Pensylvania Shore) and on our Armd vessels adjoining, which continued Six hours without Intermission; and ended in the destruction of two of the Enemys Ships of War—one, a Sixty four gun Ship, the other 18—Our damage on both these occasions was inconsiderable—in the Attack on Fort Mercer we had abt 30 Men killed and wounded, at Fort Mifflin, and the Ships, less. The possession of these defen[s]es is of such essential Importance to the Enemy that they are leaving no stone unturnd to succeed—we are doing what we can (under many disadvantages) to disappoint them.
The great and important event to the Northward—of which no doubt you have heard—must be attended with the most fortunate consequences. It has caused Sir Henry Clintons expedition from New York

in aid of Burgoyne to end in (something more than Smoke indeed) burning of Mills, Gentlemens Seats, and the Villages near the Water! an evident proof of their despair of carrying their diabolical designs in to execution. My Inclination leads me to give you a more minute detail of the Situation of our Army, but prudence forbids, as Letters are Subject to too many miscarriages. My best respects attends the good family at Sabine Hall—Neighbours at Mount Airy—&ca & with Affecte regard I remain Dr Sir Yr Most Obt Servt

Go: Washington

P.S. I am perswaded you will excuse this scratch’d Scrawl, when I assure you it is with difficulty I write at all.
I have this Instant receivd an Acct of the Prisoners taken by the Northern Army (Including Tories in arms agt us) in the course of the Campaign—this singular Instance of Provedence, and our good fortune under it exhibits a striking proof of the advantages which result from unanimity, & a spirited conduct in the Militia—the Northern army before the Surrender of Genl ⟨G⟩ates was reinforced by upwards of 12,000 ⟨Mi⟩litia who shut the only door by which Burgoyne could Retreat, ⟨a⟩nd cut of all his supplies. How different our case! the disaffection of great part of the Inhabitants of this State—the langour of others, & internal distraction of the whole, have been among the great and insuperable difficulties I have met with, and have contributed not a little to my embarrassments this Campaign. but enough! I do not mean to complain, I flatter myself that a superintending Provedence is ordering every thing for the best—and that, in due time, all will end well. that it may do so, and soon, is the most fervent wish of Yr

Go. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major John Clark, Jr., 27 October 1777
From: Clark, John Jr.
To: Washington, George

sir,
Goshen [Pa.] October the 27th 1777 9 oClock A.M.

By two persons just from Philadelphia I have received the following information Vizt that the Enemy brought on shore thirty three Boat load of wounded Soldiers and Seamen on the 23d Inst. and that they have taken several Companies of Marines from on board to do duty as Foot, they curse Fort Mifflin heartily, & say, it has given them more trouble, than any thing they ever met with. the Shipping remain in

statu quo, I rode almost to Chester in the Night & find the report current with respect to the Enemy’s loss on the 23d ’tis also reported a number of Prisoners were taken at red bank and that the India-man lately cut down for a floating Battery by the Enemy at N: York was taken by our People at Fort Mifflin.
I am well informed that a number of Guns—Bayonets &ca have been found by the Inhabitants where the Army has passed, which they will undoubtedly secrete—If a prudent Officer with a small party of Men was sent among them cou’d he not collect them, as also a number of Blankets for the use of the Troops? they Inhabitants are rich, & a viler set of Tories don’t exist—If your Excellency shou’d think this worthy consideration & send a party, let the Officer meet me at Col: Thomas’s & I will give him the route he will take, if a Day was appointed I shou’d know when to attend.
The Enemy have posted at every Ferry & avenue leading to Philadelphia a number of the Tories who went from this County, they are exceeding watchful, and examine every person they see; this has prevented my getting intelligence so readily from the City as I immagined, they have a noted Mr Vernom, (late high Sheriff of this County) who is well acquainted with the Inhabitants of this place, & they are much afraid of him, however we now & then get by him.
My ride has almost laid me up, as my health is much impaired of late, but I shall leave no stone unturned to gain information tho’ they Inhabitants watch me as a Hawke wou’d a Chicken—I change my quarters very often—this weather prevents me from going an intended route, so soon as it clears I hope to make some discoveries—I wish the Enemy may not give us the slip & get on board, as every one along shore hourly expects them—I want them to go, but wou’d rather accompany ’em in the rear.
I thought it my duty to acquaint you with respect to the Arms in the hands of the disaffected, & hope you will not think me dictating—shou’d my conduct merit your esteem I shall be happy I am your Excellenys Most Obedt And very hble servt

Jno. Clark Junr

P.S. The two persons who left the City seen the Boats with the wounded—I am also informed a Genl Officer died a few Day’s ago with a wound he reced on the 4th Int his name unknown ’tis said Gray.

J.C.


Title: From George Washington to Maj. John Clark, 27 October 1777 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Clark, John Jr.

Letter not found: to Maj. John Clark, Jr., 27 Oct. 1777. Clark’s letter to GW of 27 Oct. is docketed in part “Ansd same date.”


Title: From George Washington to Daniel Cunyngham Clymer, 27 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Clymer, Daniel Cunyngham

Sir
Head Qrs [Whitpain Township, Pa.] October 27th 1777

Your favor of yesterday, I received in the Afternoon, and was much obliged by the Contents. The 27–24 pounders are an important acquisition, and may be made extremely useful. If the Feild peices were thrown into Timber Creek, I should suppose, they may be found by care & pains. They will be of great value, if they can be got, and are worth a diligent search. From the Accounts, I have had, the Enemy certainly left some behind in their retreat. I am Sir Yr Most Obedt servt

Go: Washington