Title: From George Washington to Colonel William Malcom, 21 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Malcom, William

            Sir
            [White Plains, 21 July 1778]

          You are immediately to repair to Fort Arnold at West Point and take upon you the
            command of that post. You are to use your utmost diligince in carrying on and
            compleating the necessary Works, and when the Regiments, destined for the Garrison of
            the Fort, arrive, you are to send down all the new Levies that they may join their
            respective Regiments. Given at Head Quarters near White plains the 21st July 1778.

            G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Jeremiah Olney, 21 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Olney, Jeremiah

            Sir
            Head Quarters White plains 21st July 1778

          You are immediately to march with Colo. Angells Regt to Providence by the Rout above
              mentioned. The Regt is still to be annexed to a
            Brigade which will be formed under the command of Genl Varnum, under whose command you
            are to put yourself if you meet with him upon the march. You are to use every possible endeavour to prevent your men from stragling or
            committing any kind of hurt or waste to the persons or properties of the Inhabitants. I
            am &c.


Title: From George Washington to Charles Young, 21 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Young, Charles

            Sir
            Head Quarters White plains 21 July 1778.

          Being informed that you have applied for teams to transport cloathing to Philadelphia,
            I would be glad to know for what purpose it is to be sent away when it is so much wanted
            here, or the propriety of doubling the course of carriage, and burthening the Continent
            with an unnecessary expence.
          Mr Kemper has a large quantity of Shoes at Morris Town, you will be pleased to direct
            him to have them brought forward to the army immediately. He has also some shirts and over alls which he will send with the Shoe⟨s⟩. I am
            &.

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Charles Young, 21 July 1778
From: Young, Charles
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            FishKill [N.Y.] 21 July 1778

          I have your Excellencys favour of this morning, and am to acquaint you, that on my
            coming here last Thursday, I found in different places
               at this post, 94 Hogsheads of Clothing. My Instructions on my
            leaving Mr Mease were, to forward all stores on to philada I thought necessary, that I
            might meet on the road or find h⟨ere⟩. On Examing these, I found 85 packages were
            Appropriated to particular regiments, & markd or Addressd to the Commanding
            Officers of such, This Occasiond my concluding to continue them here, &
            Immediately wrote Mr Mease what I had done: The Teams I applyed for, were to remove the
            remaining 9 Hhds to fishKill Landing, 5 of which I wrote the Qtmr on the other side to prepare teams for, to send to phila., The other 4,
            were to have been sent from the Landing to Tarry town by Water, Addressd to Mr Kemper.
            The Invoice of the 9 Hhds is herewith enclosed, that your Excellency can Judge the
            propriety of my proceedings. How such a representation
            could have been made your Excellency, I cannot conceive, It was really far from my
            design to Execute. Your Excellencys favour will procure me the Teams so long applied
            for, in the Morng, so that some good is like to arise from this misinformation.
          A Mr Measam has come to this post from Albany, by order Genl Gates, at a time Mr
            Mease’s Assistant was acting here, on which account the latter resign⟨d.⟩ Mr Measam is a Gent:, who does not View himself accountable to
            Mr Mease for his proceedings. Three Hogsheads of Blanketts came this day from Boston to
            him, Tho’ I did not Expect attention would be paid to my request, I thought it my duty
            to require his Assistant (he being ⟨mutilated)⟩ to send them on
            with the 4 hogsheads to Tarry town, His reply was, Mr Measams orders to him were, on
            their coming to receive them, & Immediately acquaint Genl Gates, who would
            direct their distribution, & from which he could not alter.
          Your Excellency may be Assured that during my Stay here, I shall forward all on to the
            Army of Cloathing Kind, that comes to my Knowledge. I have the honour to be Your
            Excellencys most Obt hble Servt

            Cha. Young D.C.G.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Benedict Arnold, 22 July 1778
From: Arnold, Benedict
To: Washington, George

            Dear General
            Philadelphia July 22d 1778

          I have the honor to Inclose to your Excellency Two Letters which I received last
            evening from Mrs Washington, who was well when the Express came from Virginia.
          There is no news here of any Importance, We have not heard from Count D’Estaing these
            Two days, when He wrote last his Pilots had Just returned from Sounding the Hook,
            & reported there was not water Sufficient to Carry over his Ships, He had then
            thoughts of going to Rhode Island, the French Minister has wrote him requesting his Stay
            at the Hook, the express is expected back every minute, I hope the Admiral  will Continue in his Station, and your Excellency soon have it in your
            power of bringing the British Army to Terms. I have the Honor to be with the most
            perfect respect & Esteem Your Excellencys most Obedt Hble Servt

            B. Arnold


Title: From George Washington to Vice Admiral d’Estaing, 22 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Estaing, Charles-Hector Théodat, comte d’

            Sir
            Head Quarters near White plains July 22. 1778. 1 oClock P.M.

          I this moment received the Letter which you did me the honor of writing by Lt Colo.
              Hamilton. I cannot forbear regretting that the
            brilliant enterprize which you at first meditated, was frustrated by Physical
            imposibilities—but hope that something equally worthy of the greatness of your
            sentiments is still in reserve for you. Upon the report made me by Lt Colo. Laurens of
            the depth of Water at Sandy hook, and the draught of your Ships of the line, I thought
            that no time was to be lost in marching a reinforcement to Genl Sullivan, that he might
            be in a situation for a vigorous co-operation—I am happy to find that we coincided so
            exactly in the importance of this expedition. Mr Laurens, who will have the honor of
            delivering you this, will inform you of my opinion relative to the stationing a ship of
            the line in the sound—as well as of other particulars, which I have communicated to
              him—I shall not therefore employ your attention
            farther than to assure you, that you have inspired me with the same sentiments for you,
            which you are so good as to entertain for me; and that it will be my greatest happiness
            to contribute to the service of our Great ally, in pursuing our common enemy—and to the
            glory of an officer, who has on every account so just a claim to it, as the Count
            d’Estaing.
          The amiable manners and agreable conversation of Major Chouin, would of themselves,
            entitle him to my esteem—if he had not the best of titles in your recommendation and I
            beg you to be assured, that nothing on my part shall be wanting to render his stay in
            Camp agreable. At the same time permit me to add, that your great civilities and
            politeness to my aids cannot but increase my regard while they serve to give me
            additional ideas of your worth.
          I have now only to offer my sincerest wishes for your success in this and every
            enterprize; and the assurances of the perfect respect and esteem, with which I have the
            honor to be Sir Yr Most Obedt & Most Hle servt

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Roswell Hopkins, 22 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Hopkins, Roswell

            Sir
            Head Quarters White plains 22d July 1778.

          I recd yours of yesterday informing me of your having been stationed at King’s Ferry
            before Colonel Spencers arrival there. Be pleased to
            send for the Cloathes and Tents of the Men under your command, to Fort Arnold, and after
            they have recd them, let them march to Camp under the care of proper Officers that they
            may join the Regiments of the State to which they belong. When they arrive, the
            commanding Officer must report them to me. I am Sir Yr &c.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Lafayette, 22 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de

            Sir
            Head Qrs White plains 22d July 1778

          You are to have the immediate command of that detatchment from this Army which consists
            of Glovers and Varnums Brigades and the detatchment under the command of Colo. Henry
              Jackson.
          You are to march them with all convenient expedition and by the best Routs to
            Providence in the State of Rhode Island—When there, you are to subject yourself to the
            orders of Major Genl Sullivan who will have the command of the expedition against
            Newport and the British and other troops in their pay on that and the Islands
            adjacent.
          If on your march you should receive certain intelligence of the evacuation of Rhode
            Island by the enemy, you are immediately to countermarch for this place, giving me the
            earliest advice thereof.
          Having the most perfect reliance on your activity and Zeal and wishing you all the
            success—honor and glory that your heart can wish—I am with the most perfect Regard
            Yrs

            G.W:


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 22 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

            Sir
            Camp near White plains July 22d 1778

          Since I had the honor of addressing you on the 14th, I have been favoured with your
            Letters of the 11th and 17th, with their respective inclosures.
          The next morning after the receipt of the former, which came to hand on the 17th, I
            dispatched Lt Colo. Hamilton another of my Aides, with the best pilots and the most
            skilful masters of ships, I could procure, to Admiral Count D’Estaing, to converse with
            him more fully on the subject of his operations, than I was able to direct Lt Colo.
            Laurens to do, for want of the information which I afterwards obtained from Major
            Chouin, and a knowledge in several other points besides. On sunday night Mr Laurens returned and I found by him, that it was the Count’s
            first wish to enter at Sandy hook in order to possess himself of, or to destroy, if
            possible, the whole of the British fleet, lying in the Bay of New
            York; and that for this purpose he had been much engaged in his inquiries about the
            depth of water, and in sounding the channel to ascertain it. The result of which was,
            that the water from the experiments made, was too shallow at the entrance to admit his
            large Ships—or if they could be got in, it appeared that it would not be without a great
            deal of difficulty and risk. After this disappointment, the next important object which
            seemed to present itself was an attempt against Rhode Island, which the Count inclined
            to make, unless I should advise the contrary, as soon as the Chimere frigate, which had
            carried his Excellency, Monsieur Girard, into the Delaware, should rejoin him. Lt Colo.
            Hamilton, who was well informed of our situation and of my sentiments on every point,
            was instructed to give the Admiral a full and accurate state of facts, and to acquaint
            him, what aid and how far we could co-operate with him, in case of an attempt, either
            against New York or Rhode Island; and also to obtain his ideas of the plan and system,
            which, he might think, ought to be pursued, and to agree with him on certain
            Signals.
          Previous to my dispatching Mr Hamilton, from the information I received on my inquiries
            respecting the navigation at the Hook, I was led to suspect, however interesting and
            desireable the destruction or capture of the British fleet might be, that it was not
            sufficient to introduce the Count’s Ships. Under this apprehension, I wrote General
            Sullivan on the 17th by Express, that an Expedition might take place in a short time
            against Rhode Island, and urged him, at the same time, to apply to the States of
            Massachussets—Rhode Island & Connecticut for as many men, as would augment his
            force to Five thousand, and also to make every possible preparation of
            boats—provision—pilots &c., as if the event was fixed and certain.
          From this time till about Twelve OClock on Sunday the Troops continued passing the
            River, when I crossed with the last division. On Monday afternoon I arrived at this
            place, in the neighbourhood of which the right and left wing encamped that night, with
            the second line a few miles in their rear. And here I am happy to add, that their
            passage across the river was effected without any accident, or without any more delay
            than necessarily attended the work.
          Being persuaded now from the conversation which I had had, with several pilots and
            Masters of Vessels of character, as well as from the accounts of other Gentlemen and
            Colonel Laurens’s report on his return, that the passing of the Count’s Ships by the
            Hook would be extremely precarious—if not impracticable, I determined yesterday, which
            was as soon as it could be done, without waiting for further intelligence upon the
            subject, to put Two Brigades under marching orders.
            They accordingly marched this morning at Two OClock for Rhode Island,
            under the particular command of Generals Varnum and Glover respectively—and both under
            the direction, for the present, of the Marquiss de la Fayette. A Water conveyance was
            thought of, and wished for the ease of the Troops, but on consideration of all
            circumstances, such as the difficulty of providing vessels—the change and precariousness
            of the winds—The risk from the Enemy’s Ships &c., their route by land was deemed
            by far the more eligible. The force with General Sullivan from the best and latest
            advice, I have been able to obtain is about Three thousand. A Detachment under Colo.
            Jackson will follow Varnums & Glovers brigades.
          The inclosed papers No. 1, respecting Eight persons sent from Bennington and ordered
            into the Enemy’s lines came to hand yesterday. About
            the same time, I received a Letter from Governor Clinton, containing a petition by the
            prisoners and a Letter from the Committee of Albany; all remonstrating against the
              proceeding. As this is a matter, in which I have no
            authority to act, nor in which I would wish to intermeddle, I take the liberty of
            referring it to Congress, that they may decide upon it. The prisoners are at West point
            and ordered to be detained there for the present.
          I would also take the liberty of transmitting to Congress a Letter from Capn Gibbs, and
            of recommending him to their consideration. His Letter
            was to have been sent by the Baron Steuben, before we marched from Valley forge, but his
            declining to go to York town, at that time, and our move through the Jersey’s delayed
            it’s being done. The Captain has been in the Army from the commencement of the War, and
            in the capacities, which he mentions. When Congress were pleased to honor me with the
            appointment of Officers for the Sixteen additional Batallions, I offered to make some
            provision for him, but this he declined; preferring to remain in my family. The Guard he originally commanded, consisted of Fifty men, but
            since the arrival of Baron Steuben, it has been augmented to a hundred and fifty. The
            Baron advised that there should be a select corps of this number to receive the
            manœuvres in the first instance and to act as a model to the Army; and proposed that it
            should be formed of the old guard company and drafts from the line. I presume, if it
            should be Congress’s pleasure, a Majority would be highly agreable to the Captain, and
            that it is as much as he expects.
          1 OClock. P.M. I this minute received a Letter from Colo. Hamilton, who is on his
            return to the Army, dated the 20th at Black point. He informs that the Count D’Estaing
            would sail the next Evening for Rhode Island, being convinced from actual soundings that
            he could not enter his Ships. He was anxiously waiting the arrival of the Chimere, but
            at all events, meant to sail at the time he mentions. The Admiral has agreed on Signals with Mr Hamilton. Immediately after this Letter came to
            hand, My Aid Mr Laurens set out for Providence, having many things to communicate to
            General Sullivan upon the subject of his co-operation, which neither time nor propriety
            would suffer me to commit to paper. Genl Sullivan is directed not to confine the number
            of his Troops to Five thousand, but to augment it, if he shall judge it necessary to
            ensure his success.
          I was informed by Mr Laurens that the Count D’Estaings magazine of bread is not so
            large as we could wish, and that in the course of a few weeks he will be in want. This
            circumstance I thought it right to mention, and I should suppose, that any quantity of
            Biscuit may be provided in a little time at philadelphia.
          The Inclosures No. 2, are Copies of three Letters from myself to the Admiral. I flatter myself the present of stock, which I directed for
            him, on his first arrival, in behalf of the States, will be approved by Congress.
          The accounts from the Western frontiers of Tryon County are distressing. The spirit of
            the Savages seems to be roused, and they appear determined on mischeif and havoc, in
            every Quarter. By a letter from Governor Clinton of the 21st, they have destroyed
            Springfield and Andreas Town, and are marching towards the settlements on the West
            branch of the Delaware. These incursions are extremely embarrassing to our other
              affairs, and, I think, will justify a conclusion
            that Sr Henry Clinton’s intention was to operate up the North River. Whether it may have
            changed with circumstances, cannot be determined. I have detached the 4th pensylvania
            Regiment and the remains of Morgan’s corps under Lt Colo. Butler, and also Colo. Graham
            with a York State regiment, to co-operate with the Militia and to check the Indians if
            possible. Colo. Butler is an enterprizing—good Officer and well acquainted with the
            savage mode of warfare; and I am persuaded, whatever comes within the compass of his
            force and abilities, will be done. I have the Honor to be with great esteem &
            respect Sir Yr Most Obedt sert

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Thomas Nelson, Jr., 22 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Nelson, Thomas Jr.

            My dear sir.
            Head Quarters White Plains 22 July 1778

          I had the pleasure of your favor of the 30th Ultimo by the last post.
          I am sorry to find such a backwardness in Virginia in the service of the army. Perhaps
            it is fortunate for the cause, that our circumstances stand in less need of the great
            exertions of patriotism than heretofore, from the changes in foreign councils, and the
            open interposition of the French in our favor. But I am convinced you have left nothing
            undone, of encouragement, for the increase of your corps, or that could be of advantage
            to the service; and shall be happy to see you with such a number as you have collected
            as soon as their condition will admit of their joining the army. I would not advise you
            however to waste any time in waiting for the accoutrements you mention, as there is a
            pretty large supply of pistols and carbines coming on from the Eastward with which they
            may be furnished. In much esteem, I am Dear sir, your most obt and very hble servt.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Philip Schuyler, 22 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Schuyler, Philip

            Dear Sir
            Head Quarters White plains 22d July 1778

          I have your favor of the 16th instant, and thank you for your congratulations on the
            success of our Arms on the 28th ulto and for your kind wishes on my personal
            account.

          I am in a great measure a stranger to the expedition against Detroit, and intirely so,
            to that against the Seneca’s. Agreeable to the Direction of Congress, I sent General
            McIntosh and two Regiments to Fort Pitt, but whether an expedition is immediately
            intended against Detroit, or whether those Troops are to remain as a defence for the
            Western frontier, I do not know. The parties of Indians
            and others, under Butler and Brandt, have already done considerable mischief on the
            North East corner of Pennsylvania; having cut off the inhabitants; and destroyed the
            Settlement of Wyoming. Upon a representation from Govr Clinton, I have sent up Lieut.
            Colo. Butler with the 4th Penna Regt and Capt. Posey with a detatchment of Morgans Rifle
            Corps to assist the Militia of New Jersey and New York in repelling their farther
              incursions. If the expedition agt the Seneca Country
            is to be prosecuted, I imagine you and the Gentlemen joined with you in the commission
            for Indian Affairs will hear more of it from Congress and those who at first had the
            management of it.
          As it does not appear clear to me, from your letter, whether you have ever been
            furnished with a copy of the charge against you, I now enclose it. But it is impossible to determine at what exact time your trial
            can be brought on. General Lee’s Court Martial will yet take up a considerable ti⟨me⟩
            and when that is finished General St Clairs is to come on. The Committee of Congress
            appointed to State the Charges, having first taken up Genl St Clair’s matter, it seemed
            proper to bri⟨ng⟩ on his trial first in conformity thereto: But as you may p⟨er⟩haps be
            in some measure involved, I shall give you notice, th⟨at⟩ you may attend if you please.
            Your trial may immediately follow.


Title: From George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 22 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

            Dear Sir
            Head Quarters [White Plains] 22d July 1778

          When I had the pleasure of writing to you on the 17th Inst.—I mentioned the probability
            of an enterprize being meditated against Rhode Island, as the next capital object, in
            case the shallow entrance at Sandy Hook, should frustrate admiral d’Estaings first
            design of an attack, upon the Enemys Fleet, in new York Harbour, The most experienced
            Pilots have been employed in sounding, and after the deepest consideration of what might
            be effected by lightening the Ships and the like, the attempt has been determined
            unadvisable—nothing detained the admiral from sailing immediately to Newport, but the
            absence of a Frigate which he was daily expecting from the Delaware. But as she has
            probably joined him by this time—I think it proper to apprise you, that the instructions
            which were given in my last, relative to collecting a proper force &ca, are to
            be regarded as having an immediate object, I have this
            morning detached two Brigades to reinforce your strength, and am this moment instructed
            of the sailing of the fleet for Rhode Island. You will, I am well assured, pursue every
            measure in your power that can render the enterprize happy and fortunate, and as its
            success will depend in a great degree on the promptness & energy of its
            execution, I trust the conduct will answer the spirit & hopes of the
              expedition.
          The inclosure will shew you the demonstrations of the admirals arrival on the coast,
            and point out to you what is to be done on your part.
          This Letter is entrusted to one of my aids Lt Colo. Laurens, he has had an interview
            with the Count D’Estaing, and is fully possessed of all such information, as concerns
            the present enterprize. I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obet Servt

            Go: Washington

            P.s. In my letter of the 17th I mentioned the drawing together as many men as would
              make up 5,000 including your present force—I do not mean to restrict you to that
              number—but wish you to get as many as will insure your success. I should suppose there
              will be many Volunteers on this occasion.
            I opened the letter after it was sealed to subjoin this Postscript.
            Go: Washingto⟨n⟩


Title: To George Washington from Major General John Sullivan, 22 July 1778
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

            Dear General
            Providence July the 22d 1778

          I have the Honor to Inclose you the Intelligence reced from Rhode Island Last night
            which is not only from Good Authority but is Corroborated by Intelligence Received from
            various other Quarters. Three Regiments of the Enemy
            Encamped yesterday on Connannicut Island Three more came out & Encamped in the
            North part of Rhode Island next Bristol: They may have Some Design upon us but I Rather
            Suppose they are preparing to guard agt the French Fleet. I think it necessary to keep you advised of their movements here that you may the
            better know how to Regulate your opperations—twenty one Sail of Square Riggd vessels
            (mostly Ships) went up the Sound Day before yesterday for newyork. I cant Learn what was
            in them. I am pretty Certain they had no troops on Board. I cannot help Supposing that
            the Enemy will Soon bring the principal part if not the whole of their Army this way
            Either for the purpose of operating in the Quarter, or to make their Retreat in this way
            to Hallifax: most probably the Latter. If they Intended to Act offensively in the York
            Department they would not have Sent off Such a [number] of Troops from their Main Army
            So Soon after a Defeat—which Convinced them of your Exelys Superiority in the Field: to
            Suffer their whole Army to Lay in newyork inactive is what they Cannot afford &
            what in my opinion they will never attempt[.] to Leave a Garrison there while there is a
            Superiour Army in the Field & a greater Naval Force at the Entrance of the
            Harbor would (at Least) be Hazarding the Loss of the whole as Their Supplies would
            Effectually be Cut off both by Sea & Land unless The British Fleet from England
            Should Arrive and oblidge The French Fleet to remove for I can by no means think They
            would Leave their Garrison trusting to Supplies by way of the Sound as a Superiour Army
            might possess itself of Such posts in the Neighbourhood of Hell gate as would
            Effectually Cut off all Supplies through that Channel it Therefore follows of Course
            that unless they are Certain of the Speedy arrival of a British Fleet to assist them
            they must Remove & Even then Should the French  Fleet which
            Laid at Brest follow their Situation would not be much mended: nor Can I See any Solid
            Advantage Arising from their Coming to Act offensively in this Quarter as they must
            Labor under the Same naval Disadvantages and in a Short time if not at once be Checked
            in their operations by Land. for these & many other Reasons (among which is that
            of their having Sent two Foreign Regiment with a Considerable part of their Heavy Cannon
            from Philadelphia to Hallifax) I am of opinion that
            they will Try to make their Retreat to Hallifax but that at all Events they will Quit
            New york your Excellencey will pardon this Trouble & believe me to be with Every
            Sentiment of Respect & Esteem your Excellenceys most obedt Humble Servant

            Jno: Sullivan

            P.S. Since writing the above I Recd the Inclosed Intelligence from Colo. Williams
              have also Examined the Deserter & find he adds that he Saw the Enemy Embarking
              their Light Brass pieces in order to Come & attack this place I have in Consequence called in the militia to oppose any
              Design they may have formed against this place & to keep them within proper
                Bounds.
            J: S:


Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 22 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.

            Sir
            Head Quarters White Plains 22nd July—1778

          I was yesterday honored with your’s of the 18th and thank you for the Steps you have
            taken to carry my requests into execution. I must make an apology for not informing you
            in particular, of our Success at Monmouth, on the 28th last month. The multiplicity of
            affairs, then upon my hands, prevented me from writing but to the Congress and General
            Gates, and I expected, that the intelligence would have reached you through the latter
            Channel. You must, before this time, have seen my public Letter, which contains a full
            account of the action.
          The intention of the Count D’Estaing, was to have entered the Harbour of New York, but,
            unluckily, there is not sufficient Draught of water to admit Vessels of the rate of his
            Line of Battle Ships. He has therefore determined to operate against Rhode Island, to
            which place he has sailed ere this. I have made a large Detachment from this Army, as
            circumstances would admit of, to cooperate with him. The Admiral will, probably, be able
            to land some force, but our principal dependence must be on our own Troops, and the
            rapidity with which they are collected and operate.
          I had, upon presumption that this expedition would take place,
            desired General Sullivan to draw together five thousand men, from the States of
            Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts, in consequence of a Resolve of Congress of
            the 11th instant.
          I am convinced that you will be so well satisfied of the importance of the subject in
            view, as to exert yourself, to turn out the force of your State upon the occasion—I
            would go more longly into the Matter, had I not an opportunity of referring you to
            Lieut. Colo. Laurens one of my Aids, who I am sending express to General Sullivan.
          I am exceedingly sorry to hear of the illness of your Son Colo. Joseph Trumbull, whose
            recovery I hope is not so much despaired of as you seem to apprehend. I have the Honor
            to be with great Regard and Esteem Sir your most Obedient Servant

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 23 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

            Dear Sir
            Head Quarters White plains 23d july 1778.

          I was last Night favd with yours, communicating the distressing accounts of the Ravages
            of the Indians upon the frontier of this State. I wish
            it were in my power to afford an adequate Releif, but as you are well acquainted with
            our force, and with what we have to oppose, I am certain you will think that I have done
            every thing possible. Colo. Butler having shifted his ground before my orders got to his
            hands, has been the occasion of some delay, he is however to go this day up to New
            Windsor by water, where he will meet Capt. Posey. They will take their orders from you,
            and march from thence where ever you may direct. Immediately upon the Rect of yours, I
            gave orders to Colo. Grahams State Regt to march to New Windsor, there to take orders
            from you. But they were unluckily, with other troops, covering a large forage in the
            lower part of the County. However that no time may be
            lost, I have directed the Qr Mr Genl to send for Craft to Tarry town to be ready to take
            them in when they return from the foraging party.
          Be pleased to forward the enclosed for General Schuyler and oblige Dear Sir Your most obt and humble Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from William Gordon, 23 July 1778
From: Gordon, William
To: Washington, George

            My dear Sir
            Jamaica Plain [Mass.] July 23. 1778

          It’s with great pleasure I congratulate you upon our late success, on a double
            account—the advantage it is of to the Continent—& the  honour
            it reflects upon your Excellency. I hope this happy beginning will, thro’ the blessing
            of heaven, be productive of so glorious a campaign as to admit your changing the toils
            & hazards of the field for the repose & safety of domestic happiness. I
            shall rejoice to have the war terminated, & a stop put to the effusion of human
            blood, & I pray God to crown you with the glory of finishing the great work of
            securing those American liberties for the defence of which you offered yourself so
            willingly, & have so perseveringly exposed your life, I may add also your
            reputation, when the country hath failed in affording you the promised &
            necessary support. In this world character depends more upon success than any thing
            beside: And how often doth the want of success flow from the neglects &
            carelessness of others? By fixing yourself in the winter as you did, you gave the united
            States an opportunity of enabling you to have demolished the British army before the
            arrival of spring, but they were too languid to embrace it. Thro’ the like languor we
            have lost many a golden opportunity, the war hath been prolonged, & we had
            nearly lost our cause; but the timely interposition of France hath changed the face of
            our affairs, & filled me with the pleasing expectation, that the British troops
            will quit our shores or have their weapons taken away from them before the setting in of
            winter. I should with the highest satisfaction pay your Excellency a visit this fall,
            but apprehend my affairs will not admit of it: but notwithstanding personal absence am
            ever mindful of you. When your Excellency can retire to y⟨our ha⟩bitation, &
            have your papers about you, must then apply for the honour of being admitted ⟨mutilated⟩ for a few weeks, that I may collect the proper materials
            for my intended history, which I propose shall be a narrative of facts & not
            merely an entertaining tale. Mrs Gordon joins me in
            tendering you our best wishes, & in desiring to be respectfully remembered to
            your Lady. With great esteem I continue your Excellency’s most affectionate friend
            & very humble servant

            William Gordon


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Hamilton, 23 July 1778
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Newark [N.J.] July 23d [1778] One OClock

          I wrote to Your Excellency the evening of the 20th by Major Neville. I remained in the
            neighbourhood of Black Point ’till the afternoon following. The Count had received his
            expected dispatches from Congress and was to sail, as I mentioned before, the first fair
            wind. At  Brunswick yesterday, Mr Caldwell joined me. He was
            immediately from the Point and brought intelligence that the fleet got under way
            yesterday morning. The wind unfortunately has been much against them, which is so much
            the more to be regretted, as they are rather in want of water. I need not suggest to your Excellency that an essential part of
            the Rhode Island plan, is to take every possible measure to watch the enemys motions and
            to establish expresses from place to place to give the Count instant information of any
            movement among their fleet. This will enable him to be in time to intercept them should
            they attempt to evacuate New York, while he is at Rhode Island, and will in general
            facilitate the intercourse and cooperation between him and your Excellency.
          I have nothing new to communicate; besides what was sent by Major Newille and what I
            now send. All the ideas interchanged between the Count and myself were such as were
            familiar before I left Head Quarters. He was to go to Rhode Island and in conjunction
            with General Sullivan endeavour to possess himself of the enemy ships and troops there;
            if on his arrival he had good reason to think it could be effected without further
            assistan⟨ce.⟩ If not he will be glad of a reinforcemt from you in the most expeditious
            manner possible. What manner you think will be most expeditious you will adopt and if
            his aid may be useful he will afford it, as soon as he is informed of it.
          This being the case my immediate presence at Head Quarters is the less necessary as to
            this business; and I hope your Excellency will indulge me, if do not make all the
            dispatch back, which a case of emergency would require; though I do not mean to delay
            more than a moderate attention to my frail constitution may make not improper. ⟨I am Yr
            Excellencys Most Respectful & Affect. Sevt

            Alex. Hamilton⟩


Title: To George Washington from Louis-Pierre Penot Lombart, Chevalier de La Neuville, 23 July 1778
From: La Neuville, Louis-Pierre Penot Lombart, chevalier de
To: Washington, George

            Excellencÿ,
            White Plain [N.Y.] this 23 julÿ 1778

          the reunion of the both armÿ in one depriving me of the place of inspector Général of
            the northern armÿ, being verÿ Sensible that the good of the service requires that a man
            onlÿ maÿ have the care of the  discipline, I résign mÿ commission as
            inspector, and will continüe to Serve the allÿ’s of mÿ King as a Volunteer, mÿ rank in
            france, the Senioritÿ of mÿ Services allowing not me to be assimilated to Some Gentlemen
            who have never been in the Service in mÿ countrÿ.
          I have been happÿ enough to obtain some honourable certificates of mÿ zeal from the
            Générals Gates and Parson. I beg your goodness for mÿ
            brother captain in france, and to grant him the leave to continüe the functions of an
            inspector as he has been appointed bÿ the Général Gates, if ÿou consent to See the
            Général’s Parson brigade, it will be the proof of his zeal and understanding. I can not
            help me to make the greatest encomium of the talents, and of the zeal of major Read. he, my brother, and me we have made all our endeavours to
            contribute to the improvment of the armÿ, and we have found in the Officers a Such good
            will as the Success has passed our hopes.
          I will present ÿou the plates of the maneuvres we have executed, with the manners
            explained to perform them and which are certainlÿ the same that ÿou have adopted the
            mine coming of the King of Pruss. I am with great respect, Excellencÿ Your most obedient
            Servant

            Laneuville


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens, 23 July 1778
From: Laurens, John
To: Washington, George

            Sir.
            Lebanon [Conn.] 23d July 1778.

          I delivered Your Excellencys letter to Governor Trumbull this evening—his deep affliction on account of his sons death seems to
            incapacitate him for public business—his council is to be convened to morrow and he
            desires me to assure you that the militia will be collected and marched with the
            greatest expedition—Pilots he thinks will be found in great abundance at Providence—As
            there is a deposit of continental horses at Colchester, it will be very easy to
            establish a proper chain of stationary expresses, for the speedy communication of
            intelligence, and the Governor has undertaken to give immediate orders for the
            purpose.
          General Sullivan has written in the most pressing terms to the Governor for a
            reinforcement of Militia, in consequence of intelligence which he has received from
            Rhode Island, and which no doubt is contained in  his letter to
              you—the account I received of the Fleet &
            Troops which he alludes to, was totally different—it was that only four hundred
            effective men were on board—the rest were sick and wounded, sent to Hospital at Rhode
            Island—and that the fleet returned after having landed them—Genl Greenes brother gave me
            this information & said it came from one of four Seamen who deserted &
            brought off a captain of a transport with them. I have the honor to be with the greatest
            respect Your Excellencys most obedt Servt

            John Laurens.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General John Stark, 23 July 1778
From: Stark, John
To: Washington, George

            Dear General—
            Head Quarters Albany 23d July 1778

          I yesterday Received your favour of the 18th Instant—some part of the Troops that was
            Expected here, I fear will be of Little, or no Benefit to me, or any other part of the
            United States, that is, Colo. Beedles Regiment, about forty of them is now on the
            Ground, out of one Hundred that was sent for, the Remainder are ordered Positively, to
            be here by the first of August, but I put no dependence on them, as I am very sure, that
            they will not come.
          some part of the Militia, from Hampshire, & Berkshire, Counties, have already
            Arri⟨ve⟩d & the Remainder, to make up Two Hundred, is daily Expected—the Enemy
            has Burnt up the Towns of Springfield, & Andrews Town, near the Mohawk River,
            the particulars of the Affair, has not yet come to hand.
          I think we never Shall be safe, in this Country, till an Expedition is Carried into the
            Indians Country, & Effectually, Root out those nefarious Wretches, from the face
            of the Earth.
          However Readily submitting to your Better Judgement—I am with Great Respect Your
            obedient Very Humble Sert

            John Stark

            N.B. the Militia from this State seems very Negligent, out of Six Hundred that was
              Called for Last month they did not Turn out 200. as above J.S.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Thompson, 23 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Thompson, William

            Dr Sir
            Head Quarters White plains 23 July 1778

          Your favor of the 19th Inst. was duly received.
          I have not as yet had the least intimation of your parole; but should it come into my
            hands I shall take a pleasure in its early transmission, and be happy to see you again
            with the army.
          It is entirely out of my power to do any thing either in the case of Mr Coats or Mr
            Noarth, as all aides agreeable to a late resolve of congress are to be taken from the
              line. The matter therefore only lays with Congress. I
            am Sir &c.


Title: General Orders, 24 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head-Quarters Wrights-Mills [N.Y.] Friday July 24th 1778.
            Parole Hackensack—C. Signs Holland. Hull.

          The Commanding Officers of Corps will take particular Care that their Men are made
            acquainted with all such Orders which are necessary for their Government, as the plea of
            Ignorance will not be admitted in Excuse.
          The Rolls are to be called regularly twice a day (at troop and retreat beating) and
            every possible means used to keep the soldiers within the limits of the Camp—Those who
            disobey are to be severely punished.
          Pay-Abstracts to the 1st of June are immediately to be made and examined by the
            Pay-Master General and Auditors for all the Continental Troops, that Warrants may issue
            for Payment to that date.
          Accurate Lists of all the Field Officers belonging to the Brigades now on the Ground
            according to the present disposition are to be made out and brought to the
            Orderly-Office tomorrow morning nine ôClock, at which time the Brigade Majors will bring
            in a morning Report of the several Brigades.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Robert Ballard, 24 July 1778
From: Ballard, Robert
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Williamsburg [Va.] July 24th 1778

          Agreeable to your instructions I waited on Governor Henry, on Monday the 20th Inst.,
            expecting to receive from him an Order for recruiting Money &c., The Governor inform’d me he did not know at that time what to
            do in the matter, as 10 Gentlemen were already employed for to recruit men to fill up
            the Virginia Regts, but he woud consult the Council on the Occasion; the result of
            which, was, that the whole of us (meaning the Officers of Gl Muhlenbergs Brigade) was
            immediately to set out in search of Security for the Money intended to be given us. I
            was to provide Security for the whole of the Money, & take Security of each
            Officer for the respective sums given them, at my risque.
          I convened the Officers and inform’d them of the Governor & Councils
            Instructions. They (for very cogent reasons in my Opinion)
            unanimously objected to the instructions, alledging that after marching 3 or 4 hundred
            Miles on foot, and having met me agreeable to my Appointment, and then, to set out again
            in persuit of Security on foot, was an obligation too hard to comply with, and what was
            not expected by you, nor was it a practice in your Army to go after Security when
            Ordered on the like business. besides the Officers say they do not know where to provide
            security, and it is unnecessarily drawing reflections on them; for, if they cannot
            procure security, the publick is directly aquainted thereof.
          As to my part, I conceive it totally out of my power to obtain security for 20 or 30
            thousand pounds on the principal of runing the risque of the Money given to each
            Officer, especially as the Council refus’d to undertake to refund their expences; indeed
            I thought it unjust to ask a friend to become my security on those terms. I acquainted
            the Governor & Council of the mode adopted in your Army when Officers were sent
            out to recruit: And if they chose to Issue Money to me and wou’d receive each Officers
            rect to whom I delivered money, & place to my Credit I wou’d undertake it with
            all my heart, but they possitively refused; on which I altogether refus’d to attempt
            Security.
          The Governor and Council affected much Surprize when inform’d of the Number of Officers
            Sent to Virginia to recruit, and pretended that those 10 Gentn
            which they had employed was Sufficient for the undertaking. Those employed were Gentn who had been living at home enjoying
            themselves in peace and plenty, taking the advantage of the times to accumulate wealth,
            to whom very considerably Wages was given; when your Officers who had experienced every
            hardship at the risque of Life & fortune, for the protection and ease of those
            in private life, was refus’d any extra pay for their necessary expences. I fear we have
            an ungrateful publick.
          The Officers who march’d under my Command to this place ⟨are⟩ much distressed for want
            of Money, several of whom I was oblig’d to advance Money, to get them home, I made the
            Governor & Council acquainted thereof, & beg’d they wou’d Order two or
            three Months pay to each, ’till I cou’d acquaint you, but I was put off with a kind of a
            recommendation to any Continental Pay Master I might meet with; at the same time they
            knew there was no Money in the Military Chest here. I never was so trifled with, by
            Gentn, in all my life. The Officers beg’d me to request your Excellencys favor in
            Ordering them pay here, if to remain any time.
          I flatter myself my conduct will meet with your Excellencys Approbation. Any Commands
            Your Excellency may please to communicate shall to the utmost of my power be attended
            to. I have the Honor to be Your Excellencys Most Obt Sevt

            Robt Ballard

            P. S. Colo. H. Recheson is here, & meets with the Same fate with me.


Title: From George Washington to John Beatty, 24 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Beatty, John

            Sir
            Head Quarters White plains 24 July 1778

          I recd yours of the 18th by Capt. Forman, who delivered most of the exchanged men
            committed to his care. Those who stragled have, I beleive, generally come in and joined
            their Regiments.
          Inclosed you will find a Copy of a resolution of Congress directing you to take charge
            of the prisoners that may be taken by Admiral Count D’Estaing. You will be pleased to transmit it to your Deputies and give
            them orders to pay a proper attention to it. I am &c.


Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 24 July 1778
From: Clinton, George
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            Poughkeepsie [N.Y.] July 24th 1778

          I have received your Letter of the 23d instt inclosing one to General Schuyler which I
            immediatly forwarded to him—I am sensible, that however distressing the Situation of our
            Western Frontier may be, that your Excellency has taken every Method to Afford it
            Security that is in your Power consistant with the general good of the Service—I wou’d
            not wish therefore that any Representation of mine shoud occasion a Demunition of your
            present Force, And as Colo. Grahams’s Regiment is composed of Men who are intimately
            acquainted with every part of the Country between the Enemies Lines
            and yours, and may be of peculiar Service where they now are—I beg leave to Submit to
            your Excellency’s farther consideration whether it would not be most Adviseable to
            continue it with you at present in which Case I will endeavour to call out a larger
            proportion of the Militia for the Defence of the Frontiers. This I think the Militia
            ought chearfully to submit to, as, if they were not required for that Service it would
            be but reasonable that they should March to Reinforce the Army under your Excellency’s
            immidiate Command—I have already Ordered out one fourth part of the Militia of Orange
            and Ulster to the Western Frontier of those Counties who will Amount to near 600 Men,
            and have directed them to take their Stations so as to secure the most important Passes
            leading into the Settlements—If they do this and are vigilant I trust that Part of the
            Country will experience a Degree of Safety—In Addition to this I have Issued positive
            Orders to Brigadier General Ten Broeck and the Commanding Officers of the several
            Regiments in Tryon County to Detach one fourth of their Militia (such Regiments as may
            be necessary for the safety of the Northern Frontier excepted) for the Protection of the
            Western Frontier in that Quarter, and to Act under and Assist Colo. Butler in any
            Offensive Operations which may be thought necessary to be carried on by him against the
            Enemy—Colo. Butler (whose March on receiving the Intelligence I lately transmitted to
            your Excellency I wished to be hastened,) was this
            Morning at New Windsor and will proceed directly to Albany, and from thence to Schohary
            or Cherry Valley as General Starke (whose Department he will then be in) shall
              direct, and if Joind by Aldons Regiment and the
            Detachment of Militia which I have Ordered out, will form a pretty respectable Force in
            that Quarter—In the mean time If I should receive any new Intelligence that may render
            its Augmentation necessary, It shall immidiatly be communicated to your Excellency—I propose if nothing extraordinary happens to prevent it,
            to do myself the pleasure of waiting on your Excellency next week. I am with the highest
            Esteem & Respect Your Excellencys Most Obedt Servt

            Geo: Clinton


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Johnson, 24 July 1778
From: Johnson, Thomas
To: Washington, George

          24 July 1778. Encloses a letter that “may occasion a comfortable
            Supply if not intire Relief to two worthy Men” and
            requests “that it may be sent the first favourable Opportunity.”


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 24 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

            ⟨Dr Sir
            Camp near White plains July the 24th 1778

          I had yesterday the pleasure to receive your favor of the 18th Instant with the
            inclosure and packets, which you mentioned.
          I should have been sorry, if you or Monsieur Gerard had found the smallest difficulty
            in recommending the packets for the Count D’Estaing to my care; and I am happy to inform
            you, that they will meet with a speedy and safe conveyance to him by an Officer, who has
            set off for Rhode Island.
          It is very pleasing as well as interesting, to hear that prizes are already finding the
            way into the Delaware. The event seems the more agreable, as that Navigation but
            yesterday as it were, could scarcely contain the Enemy’s fleet and their numerous
            captures, which were constantly crouding in. Happy change! and I should hope, that the
            Two prizes which have entered will be succeeded by many more. The want of information on
            the one hand of philadelphia’s being evacuated, and the countenance which our Armed
            Vessels will derive from the French Squadron on our Coast, must throw several into our
            possession.
          The second Epistle from the Commissioners, of which you have so obligingly favoured me
            with a Copy, strikes me in the same point of view that it did you. It is certainly puerile—and does not border a little on
            indecorum, nothwithstanding their professions of the regard they wish to pay to decency.
            It is difficult to determine, on an extensive scale, though part of their design is
            tolerably obvious, what the Gentlemen  would be at. Had I the honor
            of being a Member of Congress, I do not know how I might feel upon the occasion; but it
            appears to me, the performance must be received with a sort of indignant pleasantry, on
            account of it’s manner on the one hand, and on the other as being truly typical of that
            confusion, in which their prince and nation are.
          By the time this reaches you, I expect the Messieurs Nevilles will be in philadelphia.
            From the Certificates these Gentlemen have provided, if I may hazard a conjecture, they
            are in quest of promotion, particularly the Elder. How far their views may extend, I
            cannot determine; but I dare predict they will be sufficiently high. My present
            intention is to tell you, and with freedom I do it, that Congress can not be well too
            cautious on this head. I do not mean or wish, to derogate from the merit of Messieurs
            Nevilles. The opportunities I have had, will not permit me to speak decisively for, or
            against it. However, I may observe from a certificate, which I have seen, written by
            themselves, or at least by one of them & signed by Genl parsons probably through
            surprize or irresolution, that they are not bad, at giving themselves a good
              character; and I will further add, if they meet with
            any great promotion, I am fully convinced it will be illy borne by our own Officers; and
            that it will be the cause of infinite discontent. The ambition of these men (I do not
            mean of the Messieurs Nevilles in particular, but of the Natives of their Country and
              Foreigners in general) is unlimited & unbounded; and
            the singular in[s]tances of rank, which have been conferred upon them in but too many
            cases, have occasioned general disatisfaction and general complaint. The feelings of our
            own Officers have been much hurt by it, and their ardor and love for the service greatly
            damped. Should a like proceeding still be practised, it is not easy to say, what
            extensive murmurings and consequences may ensue. I will further add, that we have
            already a full proportion of Foreign Officers in our General Councils, and should their
            number be encreased, it may happen upon many occasions, that their voices may equal if
            not exceed the rest. I trust you think me so much a Citizen of the World, as to beleive
            that I am not easily warped or led away, by attachments merely local or American; Yet I
            confess, I am not entirely without ’em, nor does it appear to me that they are
            unwarrantable, if confined within proper limits. Fewer promotions in the foreign line,
            would have been productive of more harmony, and made our warfare more agreable to all
            parties. The frequency of them, is the source of jealousy and of disunion. We have
            many—very many deserving Officers, who are⟩ not opposed to merit wheresoever it is
            found, nor insensible of the advantages derived from a long Service in an experienced
            Army—nor to the principles of policy. Where any of these principles mark the way to
            Rank, I am perswaded, they yield a becoming and willing acquiescence; but where they are not the basis, they feel severely. I will dismiss the
            subject, knowing with you, I need not labour, either a case of justice or of policy. I
            am Dr Sir With sentiments of very warm regard & esteem Yr much obliged &
            Obedt Servt

            Go: Washington

            P.S. The Baron Steuben will also be in Phila. in a day or two. The ostensable cause
              for his going is to fix more certainly with Congress his duties, as Inspector General,
              which is necessary; However, I am disposed to
              beleive, the real one is, to obtain an actual command in the line as a Majr Genl; and
              he may urge a competition set up by Messr Neville for the Inspectors place, on this
              side the Hudson, and a denial by him of his the Baron’s authority, as an argument to
              effect it, and the granting him the Post as a mean of satisfying both.
            I regard & esteem the Baron, as an assiduous—Intelligent &
              experienced Officer; but you may rely on it, if such is his view & he should
              accomplish it, we shall have the whole line of Brigadiers in confusion. They have said
              but little about his Rank as Majr General as he has not had an actual command over
              ’em; But when we marched from Brunswick, as there were but few Majr Generals &
              almost the whole of the Brigadiers engaged at the Court Martial either as Members or
              Witnesses, I appointed him protempore and so expressed it in orders, to conduct a Wing
              to the North River. This measure tho founded in
              evident necessity & not designed to produce to the Brigadiers the least
              possible injury, excited great uneasiness & has been the source of complaint.
              The truth is, we have been very unhappy in a variety of appointments, and our own
              ⟨Officers much injured. Their feelings from this cause have become extremely sensible,
              and the most delicate touch gives them pain. I write as a Friend, and therefore with
              freedom. The Baron’s services in the line he is in, can be singular, and the
              Testimonials he has already received are honorable. It will also be material to have
              the point of the Inspector Generalship, now in question, between him & Monsr
              Neville adjusted. The appointment of the latter it is said, calls him Inspector
              General in the Army commanded by Genl Gates, and under this, as I am informed, he
              denies any Subordination to the Baron and will not know him in his Official capacity. There can be but one head. Yrs

            G.W.⟩


Title: To George Washington from Massachusetts Legislature, 24 July 1778
From: Massachusetts Legislature
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            State of Massachusetts Bay Council Chamber [Boston] July 24.
              1778.

          Capt. John Blunt the Bearer hereof who has been a long time in Captivity on Long Island
            and has suffered much from the Ill treatment of the Enemy, yet nevertheless he is very
            desireous of continuing in the Service of the United States. And he having Sustained a good Character as an officer as
            appears by Sundry Brigadiers in the Continental Army, the Council have taken the liberty
            to recommend the said Blunt to your Excellency for some Office in the Army, Provided
            there is any Vacancy which he is capeable of filling with advantage to himself and the
            Publick. Your complyance herewith will greatly oblige an old Officer who is ever ready
            to render all the service to the Publick that is in his power. I am Sir with all due
            Respect Your Excellencys Obedient Humble Servant

            President


Title: To George Washington from Captain Thomas Posey, 24 July 1778
From: Posey, Thomas
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            New Winsor [N.Y.] 24th July 1778

          Agreable to your Orders of the 20th Inst. I have Joind Lieut. Colo. Butler at this
            place where we have Embarkt for Albany.
          Upon the Rect of your Orders, I sent the Paymaster acting to my Party, to draw there
            Pay. youl much Oblidge in leting him Know our distanation as the men are in Extream
            need. I am sir Yr Obt sert

            Thomas Posey


Title: To George Washington from Major General Steuben, 24 July 1778
From: Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, baron von
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Camp Wrights Mills [N.Y.] July 24 1778.

          Your Excellency having been pleased to order me in the General Orders of 22d Instant to
            resume my Office of Inspector General & make my Arrangements accordingly, I beg
            leave to refer you to my letter of 17th June on the subject of the Inspection &
            to your kind Answer of 18th in which you granted me permission to go to York Town
            & desired me to lay before Congress such a Plan as would be most likely to
            obviate all the difficulties I was acquainted with & comprehend all the
            essential duties of my Office. The final determination of Congress which appeared to me
            at that time highly necessary seems at present indispensable before I can resume with
            satisfaction to myself & benefit to the Army the functions of my Office I
            foresee some difficulties in the way particularly with regard to the Inspector appointed
            by Congress to General Gates Army; that Gentleman declared to me long since, that he was
            by no means subject to my Orders or controul in the exercise of his Office; In short as I am willing to avoid every difficulty & to
            labour unmolested for the good of the Service; I beg your Excellency to postpone my
            entering into the Office of Inspector General untill Congress have after your Opinion
            & directions about the matter finally pronounced. In the mean time with your
            Excellen⟨cys⟩ permission I will take this Opportunity of making a tour to Philadelphia
            to see my Friends—I shall have the honour of waiting  on you tomorrow
            morning to receive your Commands & remain with the greatest respect Your
            Excellencys most Obedient humble servant

            Steuben


Title: To George Washington from Major General John Sullivan, 24 July 1778
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

            My Dear General
            Providence July 24th 1778

          I had Last Evening the honor of Receiving your Excellencys favor of the 17th Instant
            & Shall immediately make Every preparation mentioned. I had previous to the Receipt Sent two Expresses Informing your
            Excy of the Reinforcements Sent by the Enemy to Rhode Island & Inclosed you the
            Intelligence I had obtained Those Letters must Reach Yr Excy before this. by the Last of which you will find that the Militia are already
            Called for the Reasons therein mentioned; which Steps I hope will meet your Excys
            approbation. So that the Number of troops your Excy mentions will be on the Ground the
            magazines were forming & I hope will Soon be adequate to the purpose the Pilots
            will be Ingaged & Every thing Shall be in perfect Readiness. I Inclose your
            Excellencey The Intelligence Received from the Island Since the Last Express was Sent
              off. I Should more frequently have informed Your
            Excellencey of my Situation but nothing material had Turned up on Either Side from the
            time I gave Information to the time I Sent the Two Last mentioned Expresses. &
            as I Sensibly felt for your Excellecy ⟨in⟩ y⟨o⟩ur perplexed Situation I did not wish to
            Deprive you of a Single moment That might offer itself to Releve you from your weight of
            Business By any Relation from this Quarter which was not material your Excellencey will
            therefore please to attribute my Silence to the Cause above mentioned which will be
            Sufficiently Evident from the Letters Sent upon the first Change of affairs in this
            Quarter & which you must be possessed of before this Reaches you My own Interest
            & Inclinations would Induce me in Every Instance to write your Excellencey
            & Claim a Share of that advice which you are Ever Ready to give & of
            which I have So often Availed myself. But I cannot add to the weight on your Excellencys
            mind Except when it becomes absolutely necessary. In Every Such Case your Excy will hear
            from me Let my Situation be in whatever Quarter of America it may. My other two Letters
            & the Inclosed papers will Enable Your Excy to form as Just an opinion of the Enemys & my Situation as can be come at. They had on
            the Island before General Browns arrival 3717 his & the arrivals Since have
            Increased them to near 7000. Should the French Fleet arrive here
            I can Soon have a Sufficient number of troops to Coopperate with them & I trust
            to give a Decisive Blow to our Enemies I have the Honor to be Dear General with the most
            perfect Sentiment of Esteem & Respect your Excys most obedt Servant

            Jno. Sullivan

            E⟨v⟩ery movement of the Enemy in this Quarter Shall be immediately Communicated. I
              Inclose the Last New port paper.


Title: Council of War, 25 July 1778
From: Council of War
To:

            [White Plains, 25 July 1778]

          At a Board of General Officers, assembled at Head-Quarters at Reuben Wright’s, in the
            Neighbourhood of White Plains, on saturday the 25 day of July 1778.

            Present

              His Excellency, the Commander in Chief.

              Major Genls
              Putnam
              Brigadrs
              Nixon

              Gates

              Parsons

              Greene

              James Clinton

              Lord Stirling

              Smallwood

              Kalb

              Knox

              McDougal

              Poor

              Steuben

              Glover

              Patterson

              Wayne

              Woodford

              Muhlenburg

              Scott

              Huntington

              Portail

              Lewis Morris

          The Commander in Chief stated to the Board, that the Two Armies, which had heretofore
            acted in different Quarters, had formed a junction. That the whole was composed of
            Troops from the several States from New Hampshire to North Carolina inclusive. That the
            Army was about to take a Camp, which might possibly be of some permancy. That for it’s
            regularity and more effectual operation; as well as to prevent every possible ground of
            jealousy, and to preserve harmony through all it’s parts, it was necessary to adopt some
            mode of arrangement and a certain disposition.
          Having stated these several matters to the Board, the Commander in chief requested them
            to take them into consideration, and propounded the following Questions for their
            advice.

              1st
              Will it be best for the Troops of each State to encam⟨p⟩ together?

              Ansr
              It will be best that they should encamp together.

              2d—
              What will be the best mode of arranging and disposing of the Troops throughout
                the line, upon the present or a future occasion?

              Answr
              It will be best, that they should be arranged Geographically as far as
                circumstances will permit for the present Campaign, agreable to the position of
                their respective States and their relative front to the Ocean and that they do
                parade accordingly; and that this disposition and arrangement shall not fix or give
                any post of Honor between them.

          The Board having given their advice upon the foregoing points, the Commander in Chief
            proceeded to state,

          That the proposed Camp at White plains was about 15 miles from York Island. That the
            Enemy from the information he had received, were in possession of Fort Independance
            &c. on the Heights this side King’s bridge—and
            also of Fort Washington and the strong grounds at the North entrance of York Island. That from the advices he had been able to obtain, they
            had Two Camps on Long and Staten Islands; but as to the precise number of men in each or
            either he was uninformed. That he could not ascertain the Enemy’s present force on York
            Island and the Heights this side King’s bridge—nor what their whole strength would be,
            if the Troops were drawn from Long and Staten Islands; However, that he should suppose
            it would amount to about 14,000—rank and file, fit for duty; and that from his latest
            and best accounts, they had Several ships of War between New York and Sandy Hook.
          That by the last return we had 16782 rank and file fit for duty. That out of this
            number, a detachment of about 2000 had marched to the Eastward. That another detachment
            of about 400 had moved towards the Western frontiers of this State. That Maxwells
            Brigade consisting of 1100 were at Elizabeth Town in Jersey. That Vanschaicks Regiment
            of about 400 was in the Neighourhood of Hackensack. That about 900 fit for duty were at
            the posts in the Highlands and at Kings ferry, besides the New levies which are ordered
            down. That the remainder of the Army amounting to between 11 & 12,000 were at
            the White plains and in their vicinity. That the French
            Squadron, under Admiral, Count D’Estaing had left Sandy Hook and put to Sea.
          The Several matters above, being before the Board, the Commander in Chief requested,
            that after their consideration of the same, they would deliver their Opinions, upon the
            following Questions.
          1st Whether we can make an attack upon the Enemy’s posts, either on the
            Heights on this side King’s bridge, or on those on York Island, with a probability of
            success?
          Answer We cannot make an Attack with any probability of success.
          2d If an Attack cannot be made, in the opinion of the Board, with a
            probability of success, should the Army advance and take post nearer the Enemy, or
            continue on the Grounds it now occupies, at or about the White plains?
          Answer The Army should not advance.

              Israel Putnam
              Jno. Nixon
              J. Huntington B. Genl

              Horatio Gates
              Saml H. Parsons
              duportail

              Nathanael Greene
              James Clinton

              Stirling
              W. Smallwood

              The B[ar]on de Kalb
              H. Knox

              Alexr McDougall
              Enoch Poor

              Steuben
              Jno. Paterson

              Anty Wayne

              Wm Woodford

              P. Muhlenberg

              Chs Scott


Title: From George Washington to Silas Deane, 25 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Deane, Silas

            Dear Sir
            White Plains July 25th 1778.

          With very great pleasure I heard of your safe arrival at Philadelphia. with still greater, that you were speedily to re-imbark for
            France—The reasons which produced the one, or may have induced the other, I have not
            heard, nor have I a desire to know; sufficient it is to be informed, that you are again
            called upon for a further exertion (at a foreign Court) of those abilities, and that
            integrity, which you have already displayed so successfully for your Country, and with
            so much honor to yourself.
          As an individual who wishes well to the rights of Mankind, and who hopes to see the
            liberty of America established upon firm & independant principles, your zeal
            & labour to obtain them have my sincere and grateful thanks.
          During your residence at Paris I was honoured with several Letters from you, but as
            they were merely introductory of others, I never gave you the trouble of an
            acknowledgment of them, from a perswation that you had other matters of greater
            importance to engage your attention than reading Letters of mere ceremony.
          I beg you may be perswaded, that no Man wishes you greater success in your embassy—or
            more prosperity in your public, or private character, than Dr Sir, Yr Most Obedt and
            Most Humble Servant

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 25 July 1778
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

            Dear General
            Head Quarters Boston 25 July 1778

          I have been honored with yours of the 18th Instant. The greatest expectations are
            formed of the most singular and important advantages to the American Cause from the
            seasonable arrival of the French Squadron, it is to be hoped that the most sanguine will
            not be disappointed.
          I immediately communicated that part of your Excellency’s Letter to the Navy Board
            which respected the rendezvousing the Frigates near the East end of the Sound, and
            proffered them any aid that might be in my power. the Warren has sailed—the Rawleigh
            & Dean are not yet manned; every exertion is in exercise to effect it.
          Since my last mentioning the forwarding of the 1000 Barrels of wet provisions, I have
            had the most pressing applications from Major General  Sullivan for
            provisions &c. I have ordered on (which is now forwarding) 800 Barrels of Flour,
            500 Barrels of Beef & pork, 150 Tierces of Rice, 5 Tons of hard Bread, 500
            Quintals of Salt Fish & 100 Barrels of Salmon, Mackrel &c.—shall
            continue to afford every assistance that our Magazines will admit of.
          I do myself the honor to enclose a request of Major Lithgow’s, for leave to resign his
            Commission in the Army. He is a Gentleman that would do
            honor to the Service, but his wound and the injury his Constitution has received make
            him apprehensive that he shall not be able to endure the fatigues of the Camp.
          While I wish your Excellency the Laurels of Victory & every falicity, I cannot
            but lament that my situation will not allow me to participate of those active Scenes
            which are my ardent wish. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect Your
            Excellency’s Most Obedt Servant

            W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens, 25 July 1778
From: Laurens, John
To: Washington, George

            Sir.
            Point Judith 40 Miles from Providence 25th July 1778.

          I had the honor of writing to your Excellency from Lebanon—the 23d inst.—the day
            following at 3 oClock in the afternoon I arrived at Providence—as soon as I had
            delivered Genl Sullivan Your Excellencys dispatches and instructions—I set out for this place with Col. Wall and an ample number of
            Pilots whom General Sullivan had provided and put under his command—Col. Wall is a man
            of Character and property perfectly acquainted with the coast &ca—those under him are experienced Pilots and men of
            responsibility—We arrived here at nine oClock this morning—having been detained till
            that time in procuring a party of militia—and making arrangements both for securing such
            boats as we shall want for our own immediate use—and such as without this precaution
            might be employed in communicating intelligence to the  enemy—We have
            agreed with four whale-boat privateers belonging to Connecticut manned with enterprising
            experienced mariners—and pressed four belonging to this state—we have given them to
            understand that the Frigate lying at Connecticut River is to push out of the sound—and
            that we are to meet her with hands to enable her to go round and join the french
              fleet—for which purpose their boats are necessary—the
            number that we have is amply sufficient for our business—and now we are in readiness—two
            Sentinels will be posted in an advantageous place, whose business will be to attend to
            whatever Signals may be given from the Sea-bord—besides which Col. Wall the
            Master-pilots and myself will alternately hold watch and keep our attention awake—’till
            last night 12 oClock unfavorable winds have prevailed—if the Gale which we have at
            present does not prove inconstant, it will not be long before we are called upon—Our
            Situation commands a view of the several entrances to New-port—and block island is
            directly opposite to us—so that nothing can pass to or from New-port unnoticed—Genl
            Sullivan estimates the enemys land force here at 7000—the State of their Shipping he
            informs me is as follows—in the E. Channel, (or that between Seconet Point and Rhode
            Island) 2 Galleys and 1 Small frigate—in the West Channel (or that between Boston
              neck and Connanicut Island) 2 Small frigates—In the
            Middle or main Channel 2 Frigates—at Newport 2 or 3 Frigates As Genl Sullivan will
            probably write to Your Excellency—I forbear descending to farther particulars—he has
            been indefatigable and nothing on his part will be wanting. I have the honor to be with
            the greatest respect Your Excellencys most obedt Servt

            John Laurens Aide de Camp


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Stephen Moylan, 25 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Moylan, Stephen

            Dear Sir
            Head Quarters White plains 25th July 1778

          I recd yours of the 23d by Major Washington. I think the best position for the Cavalry,
            to answer the purposes of foraging and covering  the Country, will be
            about Hackensaik New Bridge. You then have an oppertunity of drawing supplies from the
            Country between the North River and Hackensaik and Hackensaik and Pasaic as your Station
            will be central. You also hinder the inhabitants from carrying provision to New York,
            either by the way of Bergen, or Barbadoes Neck.
          As soon as the Forage master has got matters in his department fixed, I shall order
            all, but abt 50 Horse, over to this side. You will therefore be ready to move at a
            moments warning. I am &c.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Thomas Nelson, Jr., 25 July 1778
From: Nelson, Thomas Jr.
To: Washington, George

          Letter not found: from Brig. Gen. Thomas Nelson, Jr., 25 July
            1778. On 20 Aug., GW wrote Nelson: “Since writing the foregoing, I have been favoured
            with your Letter of the 25th Ulto from Baltimore.”


Title: From George Washington to Major General Stirling, 25 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)

            My Lord
            Head Quarters Wrights Mills [N.Y.] 25th July 1778

          I desire that you and the General Officers upon the Court Martial would meet here at
            five OClock this Afternoon, when the other General Officers will be assembled, to
            consider of some measures that respect the Army at large.
          I would submit it to the Court, whether it would not be more convenient to adjourn to
            the plains, where the Witnesses may be attending their respective duties, and be at hand
            when called for. I am my Lord Your most obt Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Vice Admiral d’Estaing, 26 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Estaing, Charles-Hector Théodat, comte d’

            Sir
            Head Qrs White plains July 26th 1778

          I had the honor of writing you the inclosed Letter from Haverstraw Bay, which was
            intended to introduce Colonel Sears to your notice.
            This Gentlemen set out with Captain Dobbs, a pilot, of the first established reputation,
            to offer their services to the Squadron under your command. Before they had an
            opportunity of reaching the Fleet, they sailed from the Road off Sandy Hook. Colo. Sears
            is still desirous of manifesting his zeal in this our common cause and will be happy if
            he can contribute in the smallest degree to the success of the Enterprize, which you
            have formed against Rhode Island. I have the Honor to be with every sentiment of respect
            & esteem Sir Yr Most Obedt sert

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Maxwell, 26 July 1778
From: Maxwell, William
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Elizth Town [N.J.] 26th July 1778

          I take this opertunity by Mr Furman to in form Your
            Excellency of what I know respecting the Enemy. Viz. the night before last a Deserter
            came in from the Island to Amboy seem’d to be verry intiligent; says, he is shure that
            the 5th Regt—10th 15th 27th 40th 55th Regts lyeth on Statten Island, besides some of the
            new Leveys; that the 15th came there the day before he Deserted. There is two Redoubts
            on the High grounds & two Batterys at the narrows on Statten Island.
          At the narrows on long Island, the 17th 33d and 46th Regts is supposed to be erecting,
            or going to erect Batterys. The 23d Regt and 17th Dragoons lyeth at Jamaica Long Island.
            The 35th Regt & a number of Hessians ly’s on the outside of New York; the others
            gone to Kings Bridge &Ca; the general talk of the Armey is that a large part of
            the Armey is to go to the West Indias as soon as the French Fleet is gone; supposed to
            be 20 Regiments for that service. The 38th Regiment
            gone to Rhode Island.
          Mr Furman & Mr Caldwell have been with me and informed that they are going to
            forward large quantitys of Provissons from Trenton by way of Paramus & on to the
            Armey, they are very desirous if consistant with my orders I would keep a Guard below
            Paramus for the security of the Teams passing I informed them that as the Enemy now lay
            I did not think I could with safety extend my Troops any further they are about to apply
            to You for some Troops and I will wait Your Excellencys Iinstructions and am Your Most
            Obedient Humble Servant

            Wm Maxwell


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Tillotson, 26 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Tillotson, Thomas

            Sir,
            [White Plains, 26 July 1778]

          You are to proceed, immediately, with two assistants to Doctor Isaac Foster D. Director
            in the Eastern department, and take his instructions for the procuring of hospital
            furniture, medicines instruments, and such things as may be thought necessary in the
            formation of a military & flying hospital for the use and benefit of the troops
            under the command of Major General Sullivan, at Providence, Rhode Island, in case or
            provided a proper hospital arrangement has not already taken place in that quarter
            either by the orders of Major General Sullivan or Doctor Foster. But should there be as
            yet no establishment of this kind you will repair to and continue with Major General
              Sulliva[n] in the faithful exercise of the several
            functions of your profession till dismissed by General Sullivan, the commander in that
            quarter, or the commander  in chief of the army of the United States.
            Given at Head Quarters this 26th day of July 1778.

            G. W——n


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Armand, 27 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: La Rouërie, Armand-Charles Tuffin, marquis de

          Letter not found: to Colonel Armand, c.27 July 1778. On 27 July,
            GW wrote Col. William Malcom: “I now inclose a letter to Colo. Armand or the commanding
            Officer [of his corps].”


Title: From George Washington to Major General Benedict Arnold, 27 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Arnold, Benedict

            Dear sir
            Head Qrs Whe Plains 27th July 1778

          This will be deliver’d to you by Majr Cabell who goes to Philadelphia in order to
            Collect & bring forward all the soldiers belonging to this Army who may have
            gone back to, or remain’d in the City, or its Neighbourhood—You will please give him
            every Necessary assistance in the Execution of this duty I expect you will find Colo.
            Heartly’s Regiment with Colo. Proctors sufficient for Garrison duty, & you know
            how injurious it is to Soldiers, both in their Military & Moral Line, to be
            seperated from their Regiments, without proper officers to inspect their Conduct add to
            this that our Situation renders it highly proper that our Regiments should be as
            complete as we can possibly make them.
          As Major Cabell belongs to Virginia he goes more particularly to bring on the soldiers
            of that State—but any Others that can be collected he will take charge of it will be
            highly necessary to order all officers to Camp who are not on immediate duty with you or
            have not regular leave of Absence. I am &C.

            G.W.


Title: From George Washington to John Beatty, 27 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Beatty, John

            Sir Head
            Quarters White plains 27 July 1778

          I would recommend the laying a copy of the inclosed letter to you from Mr Pintard,
            dated the 21st Instt before congress for their consideration.
          you will take their judgement on the exchange of our mariners, and those of the French
            now in their hands for a like number of British seamen as proposed by admiral
            Gambier.
          The supplying our prisoners in New-York with provisions is another matter that demands
            particular attention. I do not wish them to suffer for want of what may be thought
            necessary for their suport; but at the same time we should carefully guard against
            throwing flour into the hands of the enemy. If we are to credit the different accounts
            from New-York the army there is much straitened in this material article. This should
            lead us, therefore, to devise if possible a plan for liquidating our debts in such a
            manner as would not administer to their wants, and teach us the expediency and propriety
            of only sending in to our people a supply adequate to their subsistence, without paying
            any attention to the requests of individual officers. This is a subject at present of
            too much importance to be overlooked. I am Sir &c. &.


Title: To George Washington from the Board of War, 27 July 1778
From: Board of War
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            War Office [Philadelphia] July 27th 1778

          I have the Honour to enclose several Resolutions of Congress relative to two
            Expeditions intended to be undertaken against the Indians. Had our Affairs permitted an earlier Attention to this Business
            or our Abilities in the Articles of supply enabled us sooner to proceed in it much
            Distress to the Inhabitants of the Frontiers would have been avoided. But as the
            principal Armies were our primary Objects it was impossible to procure the Means of
            prosecuting these Expeditions without interfering too much with more important Concerns.
            Your Excellency will percieve that the Views of Congress in one of the Enterprizes are
            narrowed by the present Plan, Detroit being originally in Contemplation but from our
            exhausted Situation in the Articles of Provisions Horses & other Necessaries
            & the Lateness of the Season the Attempt against this Place is laid aside. The
            Supplies however for the intended Expedition against that Place were in some Forwardness
            & will afford us an Oppertunity on the present smaller Scale to strike the
            Savages with Terror & overawe them into present Submission at least if  not to prevent them by Destruction of the hostile Towns from doing us
            farther Mischief Every necessary Measure is taken for the forwarding the western
            Expedition & General McIntosh has Orders to march from Fort Pitt the first of
            September by which Time we have not the least Doubt all Things will be in Readiness.
          As your Excellency now immediately commands the Northern Department it is necessary for
            the Board to correspond with you on the Subject of the Expedition into the Seneca
            Country which I am to desire in Persuance of the Resolutions of Congress may be
            forwarded with all possible Disspatch. This Expedition is not merely intended against
            the Senecas but against all such of the six Nations as are hostile. General Gates will
            inform you in what Forwardness the Bussiness of this Expedition now is. In his Letter to
            Congress of the 28th of June he mentions that he had “ordered Col. Bedel’s Regiment to
            assemble at Albany the 1st of August & should have every thing there prepared to
            invade this Country” In his Letter of the 2d July he confirms the Idea of the Men being
            ready on the Day first mentioned but says that a Supply of Provisions depended upon Mr
            Commissary Cuyler suggesting too that the Expedition against the Senecas had better have
            been undertaken from Wioming, but however proper this
            might have been, it is now impossible for a Variety of Reasons. General Gates had fixed
            upon Lieut. Col. Willett of Gaansevorts Regiment to command the Expedition. The Board
            concieve the highest Opinion of Col: Willetts Abilities but are of Opinion much
            Inconvenience & Disgust will arise from giving so extensive a Command to an
            Officer of his Rank: But leave this & all other Matters relative to this
            Expedition to your Excellency’s Determination. General Schuyler is of Opinion that the
            Place of Rendezvous should be Fort Schuyler & thinks that the greater Part of
            Gaansevorts Regiment might go on the Expedition leaving Militia to garrison the Fort; if
            you should be of this Opinion & should order the Regiment Col. Willet will go
            with it & his Knowledge of the Country & military Talents would then be
            made use of altho he had not the superior Command. As your Excellency must have your
            Hands full of Bussiness the Board beg Leave to suggest to you the Propriety of
            appointing some active Officer to take the whole Management of all Things relating to
            the forwarding the Expedition as well in Ease of yourself as the more readily to
            facilitate the Wishes of Congress who are anxious that their Plan may be perfectly
            executed by the Proceedure of both Expeditions about the same Time which will
            effectually chastize distract & terrify the Savages. The Person you appoint may
            consult your Excellency on important Points & manage all lesser Concerns
            himself. I have the Honour to be with great Respect your very obed. Servt

            Richard Peters By Order of the Board

            By the latest Advices from the Frontiers of this State we have the greatest Reason to
              believe the main Body under Butler after breaking up the Wioming Settlement are on
              their Way towards the Frontiers of New York carrying off their Prisoners &
              Plunder but they have left a Number of small Parties who are committing daily Ravages
              & the most savage Barbarities. Col. Brodhead is now at Munsey on the West
              Branch of Susquahanna protecting the Inhabitants in getting in their Harvest. Col.
              Hartley it is hoped is near him & will take his Place as Col. Brodhead must
              march to Fort Pitt & compose Part of the Troops under General McIntosh. The enclosed Letter from Genl Schuyler contains a
              disagreeable Piece of Information unless Matters are in greater Forwardness than he
              seems to be acquainted with.


Title: From George Washington to Captain Bartholomew von Heer, 27 July 1778
From: Heer, Bartholomew von
To: Washington, George

            Sir.
            Head Quarters White plains 27 July 1778

          Upon receiving this letter you are immediately to repair to camp to the exercise of the
            duties of your office—There is no useful purpose
            answered that I know of by your absence, while the advantages of the institution are in
            a great measure lost to the army.
          If you have procured cloathing for your corps, it may be directed to be sent on after
            you. I am Sir your obt hble servt.