Title: To George Washington from Timothy Pickering, 8 June 1781
From: Pickering, Timothy
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Newburgh June 8 1781

                        I was honoured with your Excellency’s letter of yesterday. The military stores ordered from hence are all
                            gone, together with near twenty (I think) casks of flints which some of the ox teams had brought on from Springfield. The
                            whole were a few days ago advanced as far as Sussex Court House, and are under the care of Ebenezer Brannon conductor of
                            military stores. Lest there should not be return teams from Trenton (which I expected would be there) I will write this
                            day by an express going to Philadelphia, to Mr Anderson, to endeavour to forward them by teams of his to Trenton, which
                            may return with flour: but there will be no certainty of his affecting this promptly, unless he is enabled to pay
                            teamsters out of the provision money. This money indeed (of Massachusetts) has very little credit in Jersey; and Colo.
                            Neilson, & Mr Forman his assistant at Morristown, have both represented to me their fear of being unable to
                            continue the transportation of flour without money of Jersey emission or other money equally estimated by their people.
                        I am sorry to inform your Excellency that I have discovered too much languor in the various artificers
                            employed in this department. It is 18 months since they received any pay. Most of them have families. They have been
                            distressed for cloathing. They get no rum. They seem to me dejected & discouraged. I went a week ago to Wapping’s
                            creek to see what progress was making in the building & repairing of boats. I saw few men at work, and Mr Sheafe
                            the superintendant informed me that some of his best hands wearied with serving unrewarded, had gone to the seaports in
                            New England to find more lucrative services and prompt pay. He added "That he found the public artificers depreciated as
                            well as our money, and that they were generally not half so industrious as before & at the commencement of the
                            war." I told him the utmost exertions are necessary to get the greatest possible number of boats in readiness &
                            proposed his having additional help from the line, but he said the want of material (tar especially) would render more
                            help useless at present. I am in daily expectation of Col. Hughes sending down a supply of tar from Albany.
                        I will again visit Wapping’s creek & Fishkill, encourage the workmen to use greater diligence
                            & see if any assistance from Yr Excellency can be advantageously applied. I have the honour to
                            be very respectfully yr most obedt Servt

                            T. Pickering Q.M.G.


Title: To George Washington from Philip John Schuyler, 8 June 1781
From: Schuyler, Philip John
To: Washington, George

                            Dr Sir
                            Albany June 8th 1781

                        Yesterday I received a line from Mr Fox, which I have the honor to Inclose Your Excellency, I cannot credit
                            the tale of the 6000 troops at Halifax, as I think we should have had some account of their arrival there.
                        Young Shepherd, alluded to, left this on the 20th ult., and carried the papers mentioned in the intercepted
                            letter, transmitted Your Excellency by Genl Clinton.
                        On the 3d Instant, I dispatched fourty oneidas, and five trusty white men on a Scout to Ticonderoga, and
                            Crown point with directions to reconnortre the Enemy as closely as possible, and Afterwards to bring of some prisoners.
                        I find by some emissaries that the principal Tories In this quarter, have received some Intelligence which
                            deeply Chagrins them, but they keep the particulars so secret as not even to let the Inferior ones know It.
                        This moment Your Excellencys favor of the 30th ult: was delivered me. If the Vermonters will take an Active
                            part with us, I think we shall have little to fear from any force the Enemy can probably send now that we have some
                            regular troops to lead on the Militia.
                        If the Enemy at N. York are advised of a reinforcement coming in force from France they
                            may be under the necessity of concentrating all their force, with or at N. York, or in the Southern States, and as four or
                            five years Experience has evinced that they cannot accomplish any Important penetration In this quarter, this reflection,
                            and the reason Your Excellency assigns for them, may probably induce them to remove to the Southward, but on the contrary,
                            when It is considered that by quitting New York they not only abandon their friends in that place to the resentment of an
                            exasperated people, but damp the hopes of all their adherents In the northern states, and diminish the Confidence the
                            tories in every quarter have in permanent protection, besides the prejudicial Influence such a measure would create
                            against them in Europe It seems little probable that they will take the step.
                        Saturday 9th that night by Major Topham I received a line from Mr Robert Morris requesting
                            me to procure 1000 Barrels of flour to be delivered to Your Excellency’s order, notwithstanding the Scarcity of Money, and
                            that my Credit has already been stretched to supply the troops & Indians bow, I have made shift to procure 500
                            Barrels which You will receive assoon as a sloop can be provided to transport It from Esopus, & other landings in
                            ulster County. The remaining 500 Barrels, will be obtained here, until Your Excellency shall have signified, whether you
                            chuse they should be sent to West point, or delivered for the use of the troops here, lest your letter should pass me on
                            the road as I Intend for Pokepsie in a day or two, permit to beg you to send any directions relative to
                            the flour to Jacob Cuyler Esqr. of Albany.
                        An Indian is never satisfied without a little rum. I have no money to purchase any with nor is
                            there any in stores. If It be possible to spare a hogshead from below I shall be greatly relieved by It, and It will be so
                            sparingly expended as to last, I hope, until winter. I am Dear Sir with the sincerest sentiments of respect Esteem
                            & affection Your Excellency’s Obedient Servant

                            Ph: Schuyler


Title: From George Washington to William Shepard, 8 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Shepard, William

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 8 June 1781

                        Since I saw you at Weathersfield I have recd yours without date. I met so many people on the road as I
                            returned to this place who had been discharged under one pretence or other that I immediately issued orders to discharge
                            no more except there were visible marks of imbecility or their extreme youth should render them of no kind of service. If
                            you can yet apprehend any of those who have imposed upon the Mustering Officer here by pretending to complaints which they
                            have not, you will be pleased to secure them and send them back. It will undoubtedly disgust those Classes  by whom such
                            persons have been furnished at great Bounties to see them set at liberty; but where the Men are clearly unfit for the
                            service they can have no ground of complaint. I am &c.


Title: From George Washington to Jean-Baptiste, chevalier de Ternant, 8 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Ternant, Jean-Baptiste, chevalier de

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor June 8th 1781

                        I have been favored with your Letter of the 30th of May, and sincerely felicitate you, on the prospect, of
                            your being speedily exchanged. Your desire of entering into activity of service immediately upon your release from
                            captivity, is truly laudable, & like your former conduct merits approbation.
                        From the opinion I entertain of your abilities & zeal for the cause of America, I am persuaded
                            essential aid might be derived from your service in either of the different employments which have been suggested; but I
                            know that Colonel Armand is in full expectation that you would be arranged to his Legion, as the Board of War had made
                            such a Report to Congress, which was referred to me & received my approbation in January last: I am sensible, he
                            would be greatly disappointed, should you when exchanged go into any other department; and indeed it appears to me, that
                            while Col. Armand is abroad attempting to procure Cloathing & Equipage for his Corps,
                            it will be highly necessary for a Gentleman of your Rank, Ability, and attention to superintend, and keep together the
                            remains of it. I should therefore advise, that upon your liberation from captivity, & appointment to this command,
                            you would proceed & take charge of it accordingly. If at the same time (as Virginia is now the theatre of War) you
                            can be more active or useful in the inspection or any other line; you have my entire consent, and wish for your success
                            & glory. I am Sir with great regard Your Most Obedt &c.


Title: To George Washington from Paul-François-Jean-Nicolas, comte de Barras, 9 June 1781
From: Barras, Paul-François-Jean-Nicolas, comte de
To: Washington, George

                            Monsieur
                            a Newport Le 9 Juin 1781

                        J’ai reçû la Lettre que votre Excellénce m’a fait L’honneur de m’ecrire en datte du quatre de ce mois. J’ai
                            dans l’instant fait assembler un Conseil de Guerre, ainsi que votre Excellénce a temoigné le desirer: J’ai L’honneur de
                            Vous en envoyer Le resultat. Je Pourrois ajoutter aux motifs qui ont decidé les membres du Conseil 1o que la rade de
                            Boston ne Laisse pas d’avoir des inconvennients pour La Station de L’Escadre elle seroit bien moins en sureté a la rade de
                            Nantaket qu’a celle de Rodhes island, ou il faudroit beaucoup de troupes pour garder Les isles qui L’entourrent. 2o Si
                            L’Escadre du Roi occupoit Le moüillage pres du fort, les Ennemis pourroient venir prendre celui de Nantaket, et il ne
                            seroit plus possible d’entrer ni sortir de celui de Boston. 3o Les Ennemis etant occupés a veiller aux mouvemens que peut
                            faire L’Escadre en Station a Rodheisland, le port de Boston est Libre, l’on peut tirer de la partie du Nord de L’Amerique
                            ce quelle peut fournir pour les besoins, les convois venant de france y atterent avec sureté, ce qui ne pourroit être, si
                            L’Escadre y étoit en Station. il est a presumer que L’Escadre Angloise se porteroit dans cette partie, et couperoit toute
                            communication ainsi que L’amiral Byron fit Lorsque L’Escadre commandé par M. D’Estaing y relâcha.
                        J’aurois bien desiré pouvoir informer votre Excellénce, avant La Tenue du premier conseil, mais J’etois
                            pressé par Les circonstances; il falloit ou mettre sous voiles pour aller a Boston au quel cas Je
                            pouvois retarder le depart de L’armée de terre, M. Le Comte de Rochambeau m’ayant donné 900 hommes des
                            troupes pour completter les Equipages, ou prendre le parti dans L’instant de rester a Rhodeisland, etant persuadé que
                            L’Escadre y est en surete. Je suis, Monsieur, avec un respectueux attachement de Votre Excellénce Le Tres humble et
                                Tres obeissant Serviteur

                            barras

                            Je viens d’apprendre dans L’instant que le convoi que J’attendois de france est arrivé en entier et sans
                                accident a Marble head.
                            Je fais mon compliment a Votre Excellence sur l’arrivée de L’alliance et sur ses
                                succes dont M. Le Comte de Rochambeau va sans doute vous faire part.

                     Enclosure

                                        8 June 1781

                                Séance du Conseil tenu à Bord du Vaisseau du Roy Le Neptune le 8. Juin 1781.
                                Son Excellence Le Général Washington ayant marqué à M. Le Comte de Barras, qu’aprés avoir pris
                                    connoissance des délibérations du Conseil tenu à Bord du Duc de Bourgogne le 31. mai. Il recommande encore le
                                    parti de conduire l’Escadre à Boston, comme un port plus Sûr dans toutes les circonstances possibles, que Newport
                                    ne peut l’être, après que la partie principale de l’armée françoise en aura été retirée, et qu’il désire que cette
                                    affaire soit remise en délibération; M. Le Comte de Barras a demandé qu’il fût assemblé un nouveau Conseil composé
                                    des principaux officiers de l’Escadre et de l’armée pour considérer une seconde fois cet objet.
                                Le Conseil assemblé et les deux premieres propositions de la Seance du 31. mai ayant été remises en
                                    délibération, on a persisté unanimement dans ce qui y avoit été arrêté, et cela par les motifs précédament
                                    exposés, auxquels on joindra les considérations suivantes, afin de mettre son Excellence en état de juger d’un
                                    coup d’oeil de ce qui s’est passé relativement à cet objet.
                                A peine Le Comte de Barras fût-il arrivé à New-yorck que le Comte de Rochambeau et lui desirerent
                                    d’avoir une entrevue avec Son Excellence pour lui faire connoitre les moyens qu’il étoit en leur pouvoir d’employer, et
                                    savoir quelles seroient ses intentions en conséquence de cette communication. Mais le Delai et l’arrivée du Convoi
                                    et la crainte que l’Escadre ennemie, qui étoit sortie de New-york n’entreprit sur ce Convoi, le décida à sortir
                                    lui même. Comme il devoit mettre à la voile le même jour que le Comte de Rochambeau partoit, il le pria de porter
                                    à Son Excellence ses opinions sur l’usage des forces de Mer, et l’en fit dépositaire. Son Excellence jugeant que
                                    la nécessité de faire agir les forces de terre, soit pour attaquer New york, soit pour operer une puissante
                                    diversion en faveur du Sud, devoit décider à la séparer de l’Escadre; il fut conclu en même tems que d’après les
                                    ordres du Roy celle ci feroit voile pour Boston, où elle seroit plus en sureté qu’à New york.

                                Il étoit clair que l’objet de Son Excellence étoit d’opérer une diversion avec les
                                    troupes de terre, et que la destination de l’Escadre étoit une affaire de précaution et même un sacrifice
                                    momentané du concours des forces navales, au plan d’operations qu’on se proposoit.
                                Mais les nouvelles qu’on a reçues depuis de l’affoiblissement de la garnison de New york et de la
                                    tendance de tous les efforts des ennemis vers le Sud, ayant diminué considérablement les probabilités d’une attaque
                                    sur Rhode Island et le desir extrême qui anime tout ce qui compose les forces françoises en Amerique pour
                                    concourir également et efficacement au bien de la cause commune, ont donné lieu à de nouvelles reflexions. On
                                        a pensé que l’Espece de retraite de l’Escadre dans le Port de Boston,
                                    tandis que les troupes de terre marcheroient à New-york, pourroit paroitre aux Ennemis une démarche contradictoire
                                    et affoiblir l’effet qu’une marche offensive  par terre devoit produire. D’après ces reflexions on a jugé que le
                                    départ des troupes de terre étant décidé par son Excellence, celui de l’Escadre ne pouvoit
                                    avoir pour objet aucune connexion nécessaire avec le plan proposé par elle; mais une simple précaution que la
                                    Prudence seule indiquoit Cette précaution n’étant plus jugée nécessaire par la Marine du Roy, Elle a désiré elle
                                    même de ne pas être un obstacle au sisteme général de la Campagne, auquel elle espere concourir par son sejour à
                                    New port dans ce moment ci, et plus encore par la facilité qu’elle trouvera à agir plus promptement, aussitôt que
                                    les secours qu’on a lieu d’espérer seront arrivés. Le Seul obstacle qui pourroit S’opposer à cette nouvelle preuve
                                    de zéle de sa part, tenoit de quelques articles contenus dans des instructions toujours respectables; mais dont la
                                    datte ancienne et la distance où l’on se trouve d’Europe, pourroient autoriser la modification, c’est pour
                                    s’affranchir de cette entrâve que le Comte de Barras a désiré d’assembler un Conseil de guerre; non pour proposer
                                    des plans différens de ceux qui ont été arrêtés à Weathersfiels, mais pour s’autoriser à y
                                    concourir d’une maniere plus noble et plus efficace.
                                Ce Conseil de guerre en opinant unanimement pour l’avis le plus ferme et le plus utile, paroit
                                    remplir le double objet de donner une libre carriere au zéle de deux Généraux françois et de rassurer la
                                    délicatesse de son Excellence, à laquelle sans doute on doit attribuer le désir qu’elle a montré de soumettre
                                    encore une fois l’objet de ses Délibérations à l’examen d’un Conseil de guerre. Ce Conseil n’a pas jugé que
                                    l’Escadre seroit compromise à New port. Mais quelque fois la Justesse de son opinion, son Excellence la pourra
                                    toujours considérer comme un pur mouvement de son zéle, qu’elle ne pourra pas craindre d’avoir désirée ni
                                    provoquée.
                                A Bord du Vaisseau du Roy Le Neptune le 8 juin 1781.
                                  aussi signé
                                Le chevalier de Marigny chadeau de la clochetterie Le
                                        Gardeur de Tilly Le Mer de Laval Dlauzun Meville
                                        Vromeuil Vromeuil La Villebrune Le Chevalier de
                                        Medenc Le Chevalier de Lombard M La Grandier Destouche Custine Choisy
                                    Le Cte de Rochambeau Le Chevalier de Chatellun Barras
                                certifie conforme a L’original par nous major de Lescadre
                                  M Grauchain

                            Translation
                                At a Council held on Board the Neptune the 8th of June 1781
                                His Excellency General Washington having signified to the Count de Barras, that after having
                                    considered the deliberations of the Council held on Board the Duke de Burgogne the 31st of May, he again
                                    recommended the conducting the Squadron to Boston as a port more safe, under all possible circumstances, than
                                    Newport could be after the principal part of the French Army shall have been withdrawn, and that he desired that
                                    affair might be again taken into consideration. The Count de Barras has demanded a new Council to be assembled
                                    composed of the principal officers of the Navy and Army to consider the matter a second time.
                                The Council assembled, and the two first propositions of the meeting of the 31st of May having been
                                    again deliberated upon they unanimously persisted in what had been before determined upon, and that for the
                                    reasons before addressed, to which they have added the following considerations, that His Excellency may be
                                    enabled to judge at one view of what passed relative to the matter.
                                Scarcely had the Count de Barras arrived at Newport when the Count de Rochambeau and himself desired
                                    to have an interview with His Excellency to make him acquainted with the means which they had it in their power to
                                    employ and to know what would be his intentions in consequence of that communication. But the delay of the arrival
                                    of the convoy and the fear lest the squadron of the enemy, which had gone out of New York, should make an attempt
                                    upon that Convoy, determined him to go out himself. As he was to set sail the same day upon which the Count de
                                    Rochambeau departed he requested him to carry to His Excellency his opinions upon the uses of the Marine force,
                                    and made him his Proxy. His Excellency judging, that the necessity of acting with the land forces either for the
                                    attack of New York, or for a powerful diversion in favor of the Southern States, required their separation from
                                    the squadron, it was concluded at that time, that, after the orders of the King, it should sail for the port of
                                    Boston where it would be in more security than at Newport.
                                It was clear that the object of his Excellency was to make a diversion with the land forces and that
                                    the destination of the Squadron was an affair of precaution and a momentary sacrifice of the aid of the Naval
                                    forces to the plan of operations which he had proposed.
                                But the intelligence which has since been received of the weakening of the Garrison of New York and
                                    of the tendency of all the efforts of the enemy towards the South having considerably diminished the probability
                                    of an attack upon Rhode Island and the extreme desire which animates all those who compose the French force in
                                    America to assist equally and efficaciously the common cause, have given rise to new Reflections. They have
                                    thought that the kind of retreat of the Squadron into the port of Boston while the land Army is marching towards
                                    New York would appear to the enemy a step very contradictery of what an offensive movement by land might to
                                    produce. After these reflections they have judged that, the departure of the land forces having being determined
                                    upon by His Excellency, that of the Squadron cannot have.
                                That precaution being no longer as judged necessary by the Marine of the King, they are desirous of
                                    not being an obstacle to the general System of the Campaign, to which they hope to give aid by their stay at
                                    Newport, and more so by the facility with which they can act as soon as the succours which they expect from France
                                    arrive. The sole obstacle which can oppose doubt to this new proof of Zeal on their part arises from certain
                                    Articles contained in some instructions, always respectable; And of which the old date and the distance at which
                                    we are from Europe may justify us in modifying. It is to release himself from those shackles that the Count de
                                    Barras has called a Council of War, not to propose plans different from those which have been fixed upon at
                                    Wethersfield, but to authorise himself to aid them in a manner more noble and more efficacious.
                                This Council of War in Voting unanimously for measures the most firm and most useful, appear to have
                                    fulfiled the double object of giving a free Carreer to the Zeal of the two French Generals and to encourage the
                                    delicacy of His Excellency to which without doubt ought to be attributed the desire which he has shown of
                                    submitting his judgment to the examination of a Council of War.
                                The Council have judged that the Squadron is not to be hazarded at Newport. But however just
                                        the opinion may be his Excellency will always considered it as the pure effect of their
                                    Zeal.


Title: From George Washington to Jacob Bayley, 9 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Bayley, Jacob

                            sir
                            Head Quarters N.Windsor 9th June 1781

                        Lewis Vincent the Bearer of this tells me he hath had the Expectation of being paid as a Lieut. of the Corps
                            of Indians—for whom he has received Pay—the Number of that Copps is so small that I could not by aney Means allow pay for any more Officers than are
                            inserted in the Pay Roll—he importunes me for A present of the Horse which he rides here—as I am unacquainted with his
                            particular Deserts—I have referred him to you—& you will be pleased to give him the Horse if you shall think his
                            Merits have intituled him to such Reward. I am sir Your -most Obt.


Title: From George Washington to Board of War, 9 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

                            Gentlemen
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 9th June 1781

                        Inclosed is a list of promotions due upon the resignation of Colo. procter and an account of Vacancies in the
                            2nd and 3d Regiments of Artillery. These promotions are agreeable to the mode of preferment established previous to the
                            Resolve of the 25th of May. You will oblige me by having the Commissions immediately made out and all but Lt Colo.
                            Carringtons forwarded here. I have the honor to be Gentlemen Yr most obt Servt.


Title: From George Washington to William Crawford, 9 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Crawford, William

                            Dear Sir,
                            New Windsor June 9th 1781

                        Mr Randolph delivered me your letter of the 23d Ulto—& some time ago I was favoured with another
                            from you. give me leave to thank you most sincerely for yr kind attention to my Interest, & to assure you that I
                            shall ever hold in grateful recollection your friendly endeavors to serve me. My whole time is, and has been since I came
                            into the Service, so much engrossed by the public duties of my station, that I have totally neglected all my private
                            concerns, which are declining every day, and may, possibly, end in capital losses, if not absolute ruin, before I am at
                            liberty to look after them.
                        With respect to the round bottom, I can give you little or no information—as far as a bad memory serves me
                            (for I have no papers by me to refer to)—I located it in the Office of Mr Thoms Lewis, surveyor of Augusta; and laid some
                            Rights, which I had purchased upon it to the Amount of the contents of your Survey but what has been done in the matter
                            since, I know not, nor am I quite certain that all that I have heard said was actually done. If
                            without giving yourself much trouble you could enquire into this matter, and pursue the necessary measures to secure this
                            Land for me I shall acknowledge it as an act of kindness—will repay any expence you may be run to in the prosecution of
                            the business—and make grateful returns when it is in my power to do so. I could wish to obtain a Patent for it, after
                            obviating other claims; for I have heard, I think, that there is a caveat to prevent my obtaining a Patent.
                        Can you tell me how matters stand with respect to my Racoon Tract? Are the People who live on it stil
                            unconvinced of my havg a Patent for it? If on the contrary they know, or believe that I have such a Patent, what do they
                            propose to do in that case? It is hard upon me to have property which has been fairly obtained, disputed and with held—on
                            the other hand, if the Settlers on the Land either through ignorance or disbelief of its being mine have made improvements
                            of value thereon & wish to live on and enjoy them, I would agree that they should remain Seven years longer upon
                            their respective Plantns on terms which should in their own eyes appear moderate and easy even if it
                            amount to nothing more than a bear acknowledgt subject nevertheless at the expiration of that term to such reasonable
                            Rents as the Land and Improvemnts are worth; and shall be adjudged just for both landlord & Tenant—Upon these
                            terms I would give Leases for lives, or a great length of years—provided also (in the latter case especially) some mode
                            can be adopted to set the value of the Rents every Seven or ten years, be so raised as to bear some proportion to the
                            increased value of the Land.
                        I shall thank you for giving me information respecting this matter—and the round bottom—and in general,
                            what situation my landed affairs in that Country are in, it not being impossible nor yet very unlikely (as I can give no
                            attention to them myself) that my other Patented Lands may be settled upon and claimed in the same way as the Racoon. I
                            pray you also to be so kind as to let me know how Simpson employs his time—his force—and my Mill—He has not that I can
                            hear of rendered any acct or paid one farthing for the profits of my Mill or share of the Plantation since he has been on
                            the Land. which is poor encouragement for me to lease my property in his hands. Does the boundary as it is now settled
                            between Virginia and Pensylvania affect the property of those Lands which were surveyed & Patented in Virginia but
                            which by the late line are thrown into Pensylvania? This I believe, is the case with respect to my Tract on Racoon Creek if
                            no more of it. I shall hope to receive a long full Acct from you on the several matters contained in this letter by the
                            first safe oppertunity—Should Genl Clark be able to prosecute his intended expedition and you
                            accompany him I sincerely wish you success in the enterprize & health to encounter the fatigues of it. My best
                            wishes attend you—Mrs Crawford & family—and I am sincerely & Affectly Yr friend & Servt

                            G: W——n


Title: To George Washington from Nathanael Greene, 9 June 1781
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Camp before Ninety Six June 9th 1781

                        I am so streightened in point of time and my family are so unwell that I have beged Congress to transmit your
                            Excellency copies of my letters to them. As soon as I can get a liesure moment, I will give you a more full and particular
                            account of matters in this quarter. In the mean time I beg your Excellency to believe me to be With the greatest respect
                            Your Most Obedient Humble Servant

                            Nath. Greene


Title: From George Washington to William Livingston, 9 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, William

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor June 9th 1781

                        I am honored with your Excellency’s favor of the 1st Instant. Upon examining the state of Ammunition, with
                            reference to the proposed operations, it is found impossible to furnish more than fifteen Thousand Musket Cartridges for
                            the Use of the State of New Jersey; especially at a time, when, we are obliged to sollicit a loan of Powder from the
                            Eastern States, and when, the supply of lead in possession of the Public, is very incompetent to our wants.
                        It is unnecessary to mention to your Excellency that the strictest oeconomy should be enforced in the
                            distribution & expenditure of so essential an Article. With great respect & esteem I am Your Excellency’s
                            Most obedt Hble Servt

                            Go: Washington

                            P.S. An Order for the Cartridges is enclosed.


Title: From George Washington to Anthony Wayne, 9 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Wayne, Anthony

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 9th June 1781

                        It gave me great Pleasure to learn by yours of the 26th ulto. that You had marched from York Town, tho’ I was
                            somewhat disappointed as to your numbers, as I had been made to expect they would be considerably larger. Sudden and
                            exemplary Punishments were certainly necessary upon the new Appearance of that daring and mutinous Spirit which convulsed
                            the Line last Winter, and nothing will make me happier than to hear that good Order and Discipline have since prevailed.
                        I cannot finally accept the Resignations of the Gentlemen whose Commissions You forwarded before the Vouchers
                            from their Regimental Paymasters and from the Paymaster General and Auditor of the Army are lodged with me, to shew that
                            they are not indebted to the Public.
                        I earnestly wait to hear of your safe Junction with the Marquis de la Fayette. I am with very sincere Esteem
                            & Regard Dear Sir Your most Obedt Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to John Wheelock, 9 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Wheelock, John

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor June 9th 1781

                        I have received your favor of the 25th of May, and have paid due attention to the business recommended
                            therein.
                        Pleased with the Specimen you have given in Mr Vincent of the improvement and cultivation, which are derived
                            from an Education in Your Siminary of Literature; I cannot but hope the Institution, will become still more florishing and
                            extensively Useful. With due respect I am Sir Your Most Hble Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 10 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                             Sunday June 10th 1781
                            Parole.
                            Countersigns

                        Whilst the Troops continue in their present position the Adjutant General will attend the exercising of the
                            Connecticut Line on Mondays and Thursdays. of the Troops on West Point on Tuesdays and Fridays and at the Hampshire huts
                            on Saturdays.
                        The Commanding officer or Inspector of the Connecticut Line will please to fix on a spot of ground for
                            Exercise and send a person to the landing between six and seven o’clock tomorrow morning to conduct the Adjutant General
                            to it.


Title: To George Washington from Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, 10 June 1781
From: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            Brook’s Bridge 10th june 1781

                        the disapointement Clel Tupper Met with is So Singular that I wish to Give Your Excellency a full account of
                            this Affair.
                        When the detachement was at the Head of Elk Clel Vose expressed a desire to Return to the Northward founded
                            Upon the particular Circumstances He was Under Which Nothing But fear of Giving Exemple to His Officers and Men prevented
                            Him officialy to Signify— from what He often Said the General opinion of Every Officer was that Clel Vose would Be Happy
                            to Be Relieved, and Under this light I Mentioned the Matter to Your Excellency— My intention was Either to Make it a
                            Meritorious Act in Your Opinion for Clel Vose to Remain, or if Convenient to Give you an Opportunity to oblige this
                            Gentleman.
                        But However known Has Been Clel Vose’s opinion and desire on this Matter, I Cannot say He has Made any.
                            Application to me to Be Relieved.
                        Clel Tupper is Arrived and to our Surprise Clel Vose Has Expressed quite a different disposition from What
                            He Had Mentioned at the Head of Elk— Indeed Circumstances were not the Same and in the Midst of A Campaign at atime when
                            an Action is Expected Clel Vose thinks it is a disgrace to leave His Command— He Represented that His Sentiments Had not Been
                            officially Expressed, and that for the present His Honor and feelings Could Not be Reconciled to the Arrangement.
                        Clel Tupper from a Motive of delicacy for the feelings, and Respect for the Reputation of His Brother-officer
                            is Willing to desist from His pretentions to the Command and Wishes to Return to His Regiment— But in Case some More
                            troops Were Sent This Way I Beg leave Warmly to Request that Clel Tupper Be Appointed to the Command of them— I Have felt
                            for His disappointment—More indeed than I Can Expect, and Shall Be Happy in the Opportunity to Serve with this officer
                            for Whom I Entertain a very High and Affectionate Regard. With the Highest Respect I Have the Honor to be Yr Excly’s Most
                            obedient Humble Servant

                            Lafayette


Title: From George Washington to Timothy Pickering, 10 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Pickering, Timothy

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor June 10th 1781

                        I wish to know whether General Du Portail has made any Arrangements with you respecting Planks for
                            Plattforms, and in that case, what Measures have been taken in consequence. General Du Portail will be able to inform what
                            number of feet will be wanted, and General Knox at what Mills, and by what mode they may be favoured.
                        I enclose a Copy of the Estimate of Articles, which will be required from your Department by the Engineer,
                            and which you will please to have provided.
                        The preparation of the Boats is still an object of great concern to me. I desire an immediate and accurate
                            Return of all the Public Boats from Albany to Dobbs’ ferry may be made, properly Classed, and specifying 1st those
                            actually fit for service, 2nly such as are repairable & repairing, and 3dly those which are irrepairable. It is my
                            intention, that the whole of the Boats now fit for use, should be instantly collected at West Point. The Adjutant General,
                            upon your requisition, will furnish a party for the purpose. If the Tar necessary for the repair of the others, which was
                            expected from Albany has not yet arrived; I should not hesitate on such an occasion, to take it, where ever to be found,
                            upon the Governor’s Impress warrent, or my own. A few Artificers (if necessary) might be drawn from the line, to give a
                            rapid completion to this interesting business. I am, Dear Sir, Your Most Obedt Servt

                            Go: Washington

                            P.S. If you should know of an Opportunity to Boston before the Post goes, be good enough to inform me
                                of it.


Title: To George Washington from Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 10 June 1781
From: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de
To: Washington, George

                            Monsieur
                            De New-port le 10. Juin 1781

                        J’ai l’honneur d’envoyer à V. E. la copie de la lettre que je reçois de M. le Cte de Grasse apportée par le
                            Vaisseau de 50. qui a escorté notre convoi, il est arrivé aux deux tiers, le reste dispersé prés de la côte par un coup de
                            vent. V. E. sent toute la consequence du Secret absolu qu’il faut garder sur cette lettre, et la necessité en même temps
                            de faire tous nos preparatifs en consequence. J’ai déja écrit à M. le Cte de Grasse que V. E. me faisoit marcher à la
                            riviere du Nord, pour menacer et même attaquer New-york lorsque les circonstances le permettront. Je lui ai rendu compte
                            de l’etat actuel de la garnison de cette place, et de la force considérable que l’Ennemi a portée dans la Virginie, que le
                            Seul moyen qui vous paroit praticable pour la secourir est une diversion sur New-York; que vous vous proposez dès que les
                            circonstances le permettront. Je lui ai parlé des forces navales de l’Ennemi, que vu les vents regnans, Je croyois qu’il
                            feroit un grand coup en atterant à la baye de chesapeak dans laquelle il peut faire une grande exertion
                            Sur les forces navales qui s’y trouveront alors: le vent regnant le ramenant en Suite devant New-york, que s’il peut nous
                            amener des forces de Terre, cinq ou Six mille hommes de plus, rendroient notre expedition bien plus probable, et de
                            L’argent des isles où l’on dit que nos lettres de change sont au pair. Je prie V. E. de me mander à Providence, si elle a
                            quelque chose à ajouter à cette depêche, parce qu’il seroit possible que la fregate qui en sera le porteur ne fut pas
                            encore partie au Retour de sa reponse.
                        Je suis &a

                            Signe le Cte de Rochambeau


Title: To George Washington from Robert Howe, 11 June 1781
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

                            Dear Sir
                            West Point 11th June 1781

                        Major  having requested the Loan of my Barge to bring some of his Acquaintance to
                            see West Point, I take the Opportunity to inclose your Excellency the Report of a Board of Officers appointed to inspect
                            Provisions, & in Case any was damag’d by Negligence to fire if possible the Neglect—upon the proper Reasons—By
                            their Proceedings as far as they have gone We find the Provisions reported unfit for use by a former Board of Inquiry to
                            be still good—In Consequence of which I have order’d them to be immediately coopered & Pickled.
                        Upon examining the Magazine at Stony Point yesterday I found that upon every Rain the Water by some
                            subterraneous Access made the Magazine so Wet that the Ammunition was very liable to damage—I shall send an Engineer down
                            to see if it can not be remedied.
                        Capt. Pray has requested two or three Blunderbusses & Swivels for his Boat; as He describes Matters
                            they appear necessary. You will please inform me whether I may Order them.
                        Your Excellency’s Commands in your Letter received last night shall be soon totally complied with. I am Dear
                            Sir with the greatest Respect Your Excellency’s most Obedient

                            Robt Howe

                     Enclosure

                                West Point June 9th 1781

                            Agreeable to Major Genl Howes Order of the 7th Instant, ordering a Committee, to inspect the damaged
                                Provisions, in the Redoubts Nos. 1, 2, 3, & 4, We the Subscribers being appointed for that purpose, have
                                carefully inspected & fully examined, One Barrel in No. 1, part of Three Barrels (& which we put into
                                Two) in No. 2, And Six Barrels in No. 4, which was reported damaged, & unfit for use, and have found the same,
                                wholsome Meat & fit to be Issued, & do give it as our Opinion that the same, ought to be pickled
                                & repacked without loss of time—We do not think that the provisions above mentioned, has suffered thro’ any
                                Neglect, of the Comrs or others, as we are informed, that the provision above inserted, wou’d have been pickled, with
                                the rest, had they not been Condemned by a former Committee.

                                J. Keith Majr
                                F. Hartshorn Capt. 8th Mass. RegtA: Williams Capt. 2d M: Regt
                                Daniel Lee Capt. 3 Reg.
                                Zibeon Hooker Lieut. 5 Mass. Rt


Title: From George Washington to Robert Howe, 11 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor June 11 1781

                        I am this moment favored with yours of the same date together with the Report of the Board of Officers,
                            appointed to inspect Provisions.
                        If there are any Blunderbusses & Swivels, I have no objection that Capt. Pray should be furnished
                            with them, tho I think, that vigilance and attention, will be his surest protection against the Enemy.
                        I have to request that you will be pleased to attend at Head Quarters tomorrow Morning at ten OClock, and
                            that you will forward the enclosed Notes to the Genl Officers to whom they are severally addressed. With great regard
                            & esteem I am Dr Sr Your most Obed. Hbl. Servt


Title: To George Washington from Richard Price, 11 June 1781
From: Price, Richard
To: Washington, George

                            Newington Green June 11th 1781

                        Dr Price presents his best respects to General Washington, and hopes he does not take an improper liberty by
                            acquainting him that he has known Mr Baynham, the bearer of this, for Several years; and that he has reason to believe that
                            he is a person of unexceptionable character, friendly to the independence of the united States of America, and an able
                            Anatomist and Surgeon.


Title: To George Washington from John Sullivan, 11 June 1781
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            Philadelphia June 11th 1781

                        My being on a Committee appointed to Confer with the Minister of France upon European affairs and to Draw up
                            Instructions for our Minister appointed to negotiate a peace has Deprived me untill now of the pleasure of acknowledging
                            the receipt of your Excellencys Letter of the 29th Ulto; or rather the Duplicate--altho I am not pleased at the originals
                            falling into the Enemys hands I think that Instead of being of advantage to them it will only Serve to Embarrass them.
                            The object mentioned in mine to which that was an answer is by no means Discoverable from any thing in your Excellencys
                            Letter. The Situation of our affairs as therein represented they were not Ignorant of. The only thing then that they can derive
                            advantage from is the Idea held up of Attacking Newyork & this will only anticipate the Intelligence which our
                            preparations would have demonstrated in a few Days & Even this may afford some relief to the Southern States--I am
                            Extremely mortified at having so many Mails taken & am not without Suspicion That There Must be some hidden
                            Influence in it. I find by your Excellencys reasoning that the Place I proposed is at present impracticable. I shall
                            Therefore wave the Motion. I find also that the reasons for Invading Newyork were reasons of necessity, and was the only
                            practicable attempt in our present Circumstances. I have however some Doubts respecting the probability of Success your
                            Excellency may rest assured that Congress will use Every Exertion, to promote the Success of so important an object--we
                            have very favorable accounts from General Green which I Suppose will be Sent to your Excellency by this Express. we have
                            not yet received any official Accounts yet I think it may be relied on that a Fleet from England Consisting of a 74 two
                            frigates Several Sloops of war and  four Transports with 4000 Troops on board arrived in Chessapeak Last Thursday.
                            This will make the Enemy 10000 strong in Virginia and enable them to do much mischief to that State. I have the honor to
                            be with the most perfect Esteem Dr General Your Excys most obedt & very Humble Servant

                            Jno. Sullivan


Title: General Orders, 12 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                             Tuesday June 12th 1781
                            Parole
                            Countersigns

                        A Serjeant Corporal and twelve privates to be sent immediately as a guard to Lord Stirling’s Quarters at
                            deacon Brewster’s one and a half mile north of General Knox’s quarters and to be relieved weekly.


Title: From George Washington to William Lord Stirling Alexander, 12 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Alexander, William Lord Stirling,Howe, Robert

                                12 June 1781

                        At a Board of General Officers convened at New Windsor N.Y. the 12th day of June 1781.
                        Present
                        His Excellency the Commander in Chief

                                M. General

                                Lord Stirling

                                Brigadiers Generals

                                Knox

                                Genl Howe

                                Paterson

                                Genl Parsons

                                Hand

                                Genl McDougall

                                Huntington

                                Du Portail

                        The Commander in Chief informed the Board, that the principal Reason of his calling them together, was to
                            make them acquainted with the plan of operations concerted between His Excellency the Count de Rochambeau and himself, at
                            their late meeting at Weathersfield— He requested that thay would, at all times in the course of those operations, give him
                            their advice and opinions, individualy, without hesitation or reserve, assuring them, that he should ever receive them with
                            thankfulness, and that, although circumstances or other considerations might sometimes lay him under the necessity of taking
                            measures different from what might be proposed, he hoped that would be no impediment to their still continuing to
                            communicate to him their Ideas.
                        The Commander in Chief urged to the Board the necessity of economising Provisions, and recommended to the
                            Generals, particularly the Brigadiers, the necessity of inspecting the Returns made by their Commissaries upon every
                            drawing day, in order to see that the Quantity of Rations drawn does not exceed the number to which the Brigade was
                            strictly entitled, assuring them, that he should, in future, look upon them as answerable for any irregularities upon this
                            head. He here took occasion to state to the Board, generally, the present System of the Departments of Commissaries
                            General of Purchases and Issues, and should the impossibility of their being, upon their present plan, a check, as was
                            intended upon each other, and wished the Board to take the matter into consideration and report any method which appeared
                            to them more likely to answer the end proposed. He also desired them to take the following matters into consideration and
                            report upon them accordingly.
                        1st A plan for the regular inspection of the Magazines of Provisions, that the State of provisions may not
                            only be constantly known, but, that the Commissaries may be called to Account for any damage which may appear owing to
                            their negligence.
                        2d Whether the number of Issuing Posts to the Northward of Virginia (agreeable to the return which will be
                            laid before them by the Commy General) appear to them necessary. If they do not, pointing out which, in their opinions
                            ought to be abolished.
                        3d A plan for baking for the Army drawn up by General Knox.
                        4th The proportion of Women which ought to be allowed to any given number of Men, and to whom rations shall
                            be allowed.
                        5th What Officers of the Staff shall be allowed draw waiters from the line of the Army.
                        6th Whether it will be safe during our advance toward New York, and which we are operating against that
                            place, to trust Posts at Kings ferry & West Point to the following Garrisons, composed of the weakliest and worst
                            Men , but who are always to remain in the works assigned them.

                                C.

                                LC.

                                M.

                                C.

                                S

                                St.

                                R&F.

                                North

                                Redoubts

                                {^
                                1

                                2

                                25

                                1
                                {

                                Middle

                                do

                                {_
                                1

                                2

                                25

                                Island

                                "

                                1

                                2

                                3

                                40

                                 No.
                                1

                                "

                                {^
                                ^
                                ^

                                {^
                                1

                                2

                                25

                                {

                                1
                                {

                                2

                                "

                                {

                                {_
                                1

                                2

                                25

                                1
                                {

                                3

                                "

                                {

                                {^
                                1

                                2

                                25

                                {

                                1
                                {

                                4

                                "

                                {_
                                _
                                _

                                {_
                                1

                                2

                                25

                                Fort Putnam

                                "

                                .
                                {^
                                1

                                2

                                3

                                75

                                Webb

                                "

                                1
                                {

                                1

                                10

                                Wyllys

                                "

                                {_

                                1

                                2

                                25

                                Clinton

                                "

                                    1

                                    4

                                    8

                                    12

                                    140

                                    1

                                    1

                                    1

                                    9

                                    19

                                    33

                                    440

                                Kings Ferry

                                "

                                Stoney Point

                                "

                                1

                                1

                                2

                                30

                                Verplanks do

                                "

                                1

                                1

                                2

                                30

                                ---
                                ---
                                ---
                                ---
                                ---
                                ---
                                ---
                                ---
                                ---
                                ---
                                ---
                                ---
                                ---

                                1

                                1

                                2

                                4

                                60

                                West Point

                                "

                                1

                                1

                                1

                                9

                                19

                                33

                                440

                                ---
                                ---
                                ---
                                ---
                                ---
                                ---
                                ---
                                ---
                                ---
                                ---
                                ---
                                ---
                                ---

                                Total

                                "

                                1

                                1

                                2

                                10

                                21

                                37

                                500

                        7th How soon it will be advisable to encamp the Army and what place will it be best to draw them together
                            in the first instance?


Title: From George Washington to Daniel Brodhead, 12 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Brodhead, Daniel

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor June 12 1781

                        I now forward to you, a Duplicate of my Letter of the 5th of May, least you should have missed receiving the
                            Original in your route from Fort Pitt to Philadelphia.
                        Since that Letter was written, Many Papers have been received tending to criminate your conduct; I have only
                            directed Mr Fowler who seems principally concerned in the prosecution, to specify the Charges, & obtain such
                            testimony as he is able & thinks proper to support them: It will be necessary for you to be present at the time
                            when these depositions are taken, I should therefore advise you to return to Fort Pitt for that purpose, as nothing can be
                            done respecting the Trial, untill all the preparations are previously made. I am Dear Sr Your Most obedt Hble Servt.


Title: From George Washington to Alexander Fowler, 12 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Fowler, Alexander

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters 12th June 1781

                        I wrote you under the 5th of May last respecting a Number of Charges & Accusations exhibited thro the
                            President of Congress against Colo. Broadhead—since which I have received thro’ the same Channel which conveyed the
                            former, a fresh Number of Exhibits, Depositions & Complaints, on the same Head, in which your Name appears—As
                            this Matter seems to involve a Variety of Crimination & in its present State appears very diffuse in its ...tion &
                            before a Court Martial must be attended with great Trouble & Expence—I have to request that you will make a
                            particular Stating of all the Matters of Charge & Accusation against the Colo. brot into one clear Point of
                            View—with the several Allegations & Supports properly arranged—that the whole may be attended to under one
                            comprehensive Prospect—The particular mode for obtaing & fowardg the Evidences which are to be taken in the Case
                            has been already pointed out in the abovementioned Letter of the 5th ulto An Compliance with the above Order a Court
                            Martial will be instituted when I hope the troublesome Affair will have an Issue. I am &c.


Title: To George Washington from Robert Howe, 12 June 1781
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

                            Dear Sir
                            West Point June 12th 1781—

                        I have just this Minute received the inclos’d Letter, which I transmit your Excellency & should be
                            glad to have sent Directions thereupon. I am with great Respect your Excellency’s most obedient humble Servant

                            Robert Howe

                     Enclosure

                                Sir
                                Stamford 11th June 1781

                            Since I wrote you yesterday, I have such intelligence, as I rely on;,that the enemy are making
                                preparation, to come with considerable force, to this place. Their Design is, to land a body of Troops, from the
                                Island, which are to act in concert, with another body from Kingsbridge. The principle objects, they have in view, are
                                doubtless, to procure, a number of  and destroy the Whale Boats, which of late, have done
                                them considerable injury. The first of these, which is their grand object, they will undoubtedly effect, unless some
                                assistance, can be afforded, by the Continental Troops. Whether that can with propriety be done, and so speedily, as
                                to give the needed relief, you Sir, can best determine. With respect, I am your Obedt Hume Sert

                                David Waterbury


Title: To George Washington from Francisco Rendón, 12 June 1781
From: Rendón, Francisco
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Philadelphia June 12th 1781.

                        Last Evening I had the honour of receiving Your Excellencys esteemed Letter of the 8th Instt In answer to my
                            former one, for which favour please to Accept my most Expressive thanks.
                        On the 10th Instt Anchored in this River a Vessell coming from the Havana, which brought me a Packet from the
                            Governor of that Place dated 28th Ulto acquainting me, that on the 24th he had received advise from General Galvez,
                            announcing that Pansacola had Surrendered to the Arms under his Command on the 8th of the Same Month, having made all its
                            Garrison Prisoners of War, but that he had not as yet received the particulars which he momentary expected there by the
                            return of the Fleet and Army; These Last having entered that Bay on the 29th in which day sailed the abovementioned Vessel
                            arrived here. Consequently I expect to have them by the first Ship that comes from that Port, when I shall do myself the
                            honour to put them under Your Excellency’s Immediate Notice. I respectfully remain Sir Your Excellency’s most Obedt and
                            Most Hble Servt

                            Francisco Rendon


Title: To George Washington from Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 12 June 1781
From: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Newport June 12th 1781

                        I have the honor to send to your Excellency a copy of a Letter that I received from the Count de Grasse and
                            that has been brought by the 50. gun Ship, who escorted the convoy. The two thirds of the convoy only are arrived with the
                            ship, the rest dispersed near the coast by a gale of wind. Your Excellency is conscious of the importance of the Secret on
                            this Letter, and of the necessity we are under at the same time, to make our preparations in consequence. I have already
                            wrote to the Count de Grasse that your Excellency had desired my marching to the north river to strengthen or
                                even attack N.Y. when the circumstances will admit of it. I have apprised him of the number of the garrison
                            at New york and of the considerable forces which the enemy has sent in Virginy, that the only means which seems
                            practicable, to your Excellency is a diversion upon New Yk which you propose to do as soon as the
                            circumstances will allow of it. I have spoken to him of the Enemy’s naval forces and told him that by reason of the
                            constant wind, I thought it would be a great stroke to go to Chesapeake Bay in which he can make
                            great things against the naval force that will be there, and then the wind could bring him in 2 days before N.
                                Yk that if he could bring us some moveable Forces, 5 or 6 thousand men more would
                            render our expedition much more probable and like wise by bringing us money from the West Indies
                            where it is said that our Bills of Exchange are at par. I beg of your Excellency, if you
                                have any thing to add to this dispatch, to send it to me at Providence because possibly the
                            frigate that carries my Letter may not be gone, when your Excellency’s answer will arrive. I am with respect and personal
                            attachment, sir your Excellency’s most obedient humble Servant

                            le cte de rochambeau

                                Words in square brackets are translations of code.

                     Enclosure

                                a board of La ville de Paris, March 29th 1781. being then at Sea.

                            His Majesty, Sir, has trusted me with the Command of the naval forces which he has destinated to the
                                protection of his possessions in South America, and of those of his Allies in North America. The forces which I
                                command are sufficient to fulfill the offensive views, which it is the interest of the Allied powers to execute, that
                                they may make an honorable peace. But I have the honor to observe to you that if the men of war are necessary for the
                                execution of the projects which you may have it will be usefull for the Service that Mr De Barras or Mr Destouches be
                                apprised of it that the pilots who shall be necessary to us, be sent to us, and that they may be taken in the number
                                of those men who are most sure and best instructed to direct in the different roads the French men of war, who differ
                                very much from the British, in their deepness in the water.
                            It appears to me, Sir, that it would be advantageous for the Common cause, that I should be instructed at
                                S. Domingo, where I shall be at the end of June, of the naval forces that the British have in North America, of their
                                different Stations and where they commonly cruise, in what number and in what manner they keep them, that I may come
                                unawares on them, and make myself master of them if possible at my arrival on the coast.
                            I send word to the commander of the men of war to send me several advice
                                vessels commanded by Sure persons, as the secret is very important and I desire him to apprise you of their
                                departure. It will be by the 15th of July at Soonest, that I will be on the coast of North
                                America, but it is necessary, by reason of the short time that I have to stay in that Country
                                being besides obliged to leave it by reason of the Season, that all that can be
                                usefull for the Success of your projects should be ready that a moment for action may not be lost. I shall be very
                                happy, Sir, to contribute to your Successes &c.

                                signed Le Comte de Grasse

                                    Words in square brackets are GW’s translation of code.


Title: From George Washington to Alexander Scammell, 12 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Scammell, Alexander

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 12th June 1781

                        I recd your favr of the 8: Inst by Colonel Reade. Before I can give any opinion upon the propriety of his
                            claim to the Rank of full Colonel, I must be informed by what means his present Commission came to be dated on the 5th of
                            March 1778, as Colo. Hale, to whom he succeeded, did not die till long after—I never heard that Colo. Hale had been
                            displaced at any time previous to his death, consequently I cannot understand how the Vacancy on the 5. of March
                            happened. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt


Title: To George Washington from Ebenezer Stevens, 12 June 1781
From: Stevens, Ebenezer
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Artillery Park 12th June 1781

                        I take the liberty of recommending Mr Saml Whiting first Lieut. in the 2d Regimt of Artillery, for his
                            Discharge from the 14th of last March, on account of his having received a Captaincy from the State of Connecticut. I am
                            Your Excellency’s Most Obedt. Huml. servt

                            E: Stevens Lt Colo. 2d Regt of Artillery


Title: General Orders, 13 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                             Head Quarters New Windsor Wednesday June 13th 1781
                            Parole
                            Countersigns

                        Fifty Boatbuilders and Ship Carpenters_or other carpenters to complete the deficiency of the former.
                        Twenty four Wood cutters and four nailors to be immediately sent to the Quarter master General.


Title: From George Washington to Paul-François-Jean-Nicolas, comte de Barras, 13 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Barras, Paul-François-Jean-Nicolas, comte de

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 13th June 1781.

                        I had yesterday the honor of receiving your Excellency’s letter of the 9th instant accompanied by the result
                            of the second Council of War. I have so great a respect for the opinions of the Gentlemen who composed it, that I should
                            have been satisfied, had they barely mentioned that they had, upon a reconsideration of the subject, thought it most
                            conducive to the common interest to adhere to their former determination; but the new arguments which have been introduced
                            in favor of the detention of the Fleet at Newport, aided by those expressed by your Excellency in your letter, leave me no
                            room to doubt of the propriety of the measure. I feel very sensibly and I beg you will make my acknowledgements to the
                            Gentlemen of the Marine for the reasons which induced them, personally, to wish to remain in the Road of Newport rather
                            than remove to that of Boston.
                        I shall be happy to have it in my power to congratulate you upon the safe arrival of your whole Convoy—His
                            Excellency The Count de Rochambeau informs me in a letter of a later date than yours that they had not all got into port.
                            I have the honor to be with very high Esteem Yr Excellency’s Most obt and Hble servt.


Title: From George Washington to François-Jean de Beauvoir, marquis de Chastellux, 13 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Chastellux, François-Jean de Beauvoir, marquis de

                            My dear Chevr
                            New Windsor June 13th 1781.

                        I fear, from the purport of the letter you did me the honor to write from N. Port on the 9th, that my
                            sentiments respecting the Council of War held on board the Duke de Burgoyne the 31st of May have been misconceiv’d—and I
                            shall be very unhappy if they receive an interpretation different from the true intent & meaning of them. If this
                            is the case, it can only be attributed to my not understanding the business & the Duke de Lauzun perfectly. I will
                            rely therefore on your goodness and candor to explain & rectify the mistake if any has happened. My wishes perfectly coincided with the determination of the Board of War to continue the Fleet at
                            Rhode Island. provided it could remain there in safety with the force required & did not impede the March of the
                            Army towards the North River. but when duke Lauzen informed me, that my opinion of the propriety, & safety of this
                            measure was required by the Board, & that he came hither at the particular desire of the Counts Rochambeau
                            & de Barras, to obtain it. I was reduced to the painful necessity of delivering a sentiment different from that of
                            a most respectable board, or of forfeiting all pretensions to candor by the concealm’t of it—upon this ground it was I
                            wrote to the Generals to the effect I did, and not because I was dissatisfied at the alteration of the plan agreed to at
                            Weathersfield. My fears for the safety of the Fleet—which I am now perswaded were carried too far—were productive of a
                            belief that the Generals, when seperated, might feel uneasy at every misterious preparation of the enemy, and occasion a
                            fresh call for Militia—this had some weight in my determination to give Boston—(where I was sure no danger could be
                            encountered but that of a blockade) a preference to Newport, where under some circumstances,
                            though not such as were likely to happen, something might be enterprized.
                        The Fleet being at Rhode Island, is attended certainly with many advantages in the operns
                            proposedand I entreat you, & the Gentleman who were of opinion that it ought to be risqued there
                            for these purposes will be assured, that I have a high sense of the obligations you meant to confer on America by that resolve,
                            & that your Zeal to promote the common cause & my anxiety for the safety of so valuable a fleet were the only
                            motives which gave birth to the apparent difference in our opinions. I set that valueof on your friendship
                            & candor, & have that implicit belief in your attachment to America, that they are only to be equalled by the
                            sincerity with which I have the honor to be Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt & obligd Ser.

                            G. W——n


Title: To George Washington from Robert Howe, 13 June 1781
From: Howe, Robert,McDougall, Alexander
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Head Quarters New Windsor June 13 1781

                        We feel ourselves much obliged to your Excellency for having communicated to us the Plan of Operations
                            concerted between Yourself and the Count de Rochambeau for the ensuing Campaign; and in Compliance with
                            your Excellency’s Request, we shall, you may be assured, through the whole Course of its Operations, give you our Opinion
                            and Advice, either collectively or individually, with that Freedom and Candor which the Regard and Respect we bear your
                            Excellency, and a Sense of Duty, unite to exact of us; nor shall we be discouraged from continuing to do this, though you
                            should deviate from the measures we may happen to recommend, as we have the highest Confidence that you will be governed
                            in this, as well as in all other Cases, by the best Reasons.
                        Sensible of the Necessity of oeconomising Provisions, we shall exert ourselves to prevent
                            all Waste and Embezelment.
                        We think with your Excellency, that if the Commissary General of Purchases does not in
                            Person, or by Deputy, attend at proper Places to receive and receipt for the Provisions, sent forward by the state
                            Contractors, and to deliver them to, and take Receipt from, the different Commissaries of Issues, he ought by all means to
                            be made to do so, or he is by no means an adequate Check upon them; the Mode for obtaining Provisions from the several
                            States is too complicated and uncertain; the Manner of bringing them up, when obtained, by Persons not
                            dependant upon the Army; the Abuses and Embezlements they may commit with impunity upon the Road, as well as many other
                            Circumstances leave us at a Loss to recommend any very effectual measure to remedy these Inconveniences while that System
                            exists; perhaps proper Officers put occasionally upon the Several Routes, through which Provisions are brought up, to
                            observe the Conduct of Commissaries with whom they are lodged, as well as that of the Persons Transporting them; to
                            enquire into the State of the Provisions droped on the Road; to report the Places where left, and the Propriety of leaving
                            them there; might have a good Effect. An immediate Inspection of Provisions, arriving at Stationary Magazines, would
                            probably inable us to trace Neglects or Iniquity to their Origin; as a frequent Inspection of them, after they are
                            deposited in the Magazines, might prevent the Abuses or Loss of them by Neglect.
                        In Respect to the Number of issueing Posts, we have marked in the Return, those we think should be
                            discontinued.
                        The Plan of traveling Ovens, and for the Regulation of Bread, given us by Genl Knox, we very highly approve
                            of; except that we think the Army might be Issued with a Pound and a Quarter of Bread for each Pound of Flour, which will
                            then leave enough in the Hands of the Bakers to compensate the baking; or, should they receive Wages, may be reserved for
                            the Public.
                        As to the Officer of the Staff who ought to have Servants, we cannot ascertain this Matter, as we have not
                            Detail of them; we think, however, that the present State of Affairs, for Want of Pay, Depreciation of Money, &c.
                            are not admit of too rigid a Reform, in the Department, without Danger of losing, it this critical Juncture, many valuable
                            Staff Officers: the Officers immediatley commanding Corps, to which Officers of Staff are attached, may rectify Abuse by
                            Degrees, and abridge those, of Servants, who ought not to have them from the Line and this we think the
                            best mode of Reformation.
                        The number of Women, necessary to the army, is in our Opinion one to every fifteen men.
                        The very capital Importance of West Point to the common Cause; the Valve of the Stores
                            deposited there, must make it a tempting Object to the Enemy and will probably induce them to attempt the Possession of
                            it, should it be left but weakly Garrison’d; we therefore conceive that to secure that Post & its Dependencies,
                            not less than twelve hundred Men should be appropriated to it, these we recommend to be comprised of Continentals
                            & Militia, in such Proportion, as to your Excellency shall appear proper.
                        It is our Opinion, that the Army should take the Field as immediately as Circumstances will admit, and that the
                            first Position, it should assume, should be somewhere in the Vicinity of Peekskill.
                        In Regard to the Time, in which the Militia demanded of the New England States, may be brought in, we imagine
                            and will require upon an Average of at least one Month.
                        With the greatest Pleasure we have obeyed your Excellencys Commands in giving Our Opinion on the Subjects
                            refer’d to us, it will made us happy if in doing this, we should meet your Approbation. We are, Sir,
                            with the greatest Respect Your Excellencys most Obedt Hum. Servants
                        Stirling M.G.

                            R. Howe M. Genl
                            Alex. McDougall M.G.

                            Saml H. Parsons M.G.

                            H. Knox B.G.
                            J. Paterson B. Genl

                            Edwd Hand B.G.
                            J. Huntington B.G.
                            Duportail


Title: From George Washington to William Heath, 13 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor June 13th 1781.

                        I wrote to You on the 8th instant urging the Necessity of having the Supplies of Provision, Rum, and
                            Cloathing immediately forwarded from the States. These things are of such immense Importance to all our Plans, that they
                            cannot be repeated too often, or pressed with too much Importunity. And I know there is Nothing so likely to succeed as
                            incessant Representations on the Spot.
                        In Addition to the Task already imposed upon You, by your former Commission, I must now entreat You, to turn
                            a Share of your Attention to the Recruits of the several States. Let them be called upon again and again in the most
                            earnest Manner to fill their Battalions, & that instantly. Surely, if the States had a proper Idea of our
                            Circumstances for Want of Men, our Prospects if we had them, and our fixed Designs of carrying on offensive Operations at
                            all Events, they would exert themselves beyond any thing they have formerly done. They can, they must compleat their
                            Battalions if it is only for the Campaign.
                        The Recruits of Drafts must be hurried on as fast as possible. The Militia which have been requested of the
                            Eastern States must also be held in Readiness to march when called for, as formerly ordered.
                        In my last I mentioned forwarding the Clothing which had lately arrived from Spain, I request You will attend
                            to & expedite this Business, that it may not be stopped a Day on the Road from its leaving Boston to its Arrival
                            in Camp, And that You will advise me when it may be expected. With great Regard I am, Dear Sir Your Obedt & very
                            Hble servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Robert Howe, 13 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters 13th June 1781

                        I have yours of Yesterday inclosing Letter from Genl Waterbury—If the Information is to be depended upon all
                            the Whale Boats & the Cattle should be removed as soon as may be—the first on Carriages or otherwise as may be
                            found convenient—Colo. Scammel may be ordered towards the Point of Operation, & make such Use of the Troops on
                            the Line as his Discretion may direct—establishg a Communication with Genl Waterbury so that he may be able to form a
                            Junction with him, if Occasion shall require—Colo. Scammel should not Advance too far on his Left on vague Information—as in that Case his right & our Front may be too much exposed. I am &ca.


Title: From George Washington to Anne-César, chevalier de La Luzerne, 13 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: La Luzerne, Anne-César, chevalier de

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor June 13th 1781

                        His Excellency the Count de Rochambeau having requested me to forward the Dispatches herewith transmitted by
                            the safest possible conveyance; I now do myself the honor to send them by a Gentleman of the Quarter Master General’s
                            Department.
                        Having been made acquainted by the Count de Rochambeau with the design of the Counte de Grasse to come to
                            this Coast with his fleet; I cannot forbear expressing to Your Excellency my ardent wishes that a body of land Forces
                            might also attend this Naval Armament: As, I am apprehensive, such a decided Superiority of Men may not be drawn together
                            by us, by the time the Count de Grasse will be here, as to ensure our successes against the
                            Enemy’s most important Posts; as his continuance in these Seas may be limited to a short period; and as the addition of a
                            respectable Corps of Troops from the West Indies would in all human probability, terminate the matter very soon in our
                            favor—If these should likewise be your sentiments, and if this Plan should not interfere with the intentions, and
                            interests of His Most Christian Majesty elsewhere, I entreat your Excellency by the first good conveyance, to represent
                            the propriety and necessity of this Measure, to the Commanders in the West Indies; that by one great, decisive stroke, the
                            Enemy might be expelled from the continent, and the Independence of America established at the approaching Negociation. I
                            have the honor to be With the Most perfect respect Your Excellency’s Most Obedient Humble Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Benjamin Lincoln, 13 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Lincoln, Benjamin

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters N. Windsor 13th June 1781.

                        I did myself the Pleasure to write you under the 11th May ulto—which went on by the Hand of Maj’r Genl Heath,
                            who was instructed with a particular Commission to the Eastern States—In that Letter I mentioned your comg on to join
                            the Army.
                        Least the above Letter should by any Means have misscarried, I take this Opportunity to mention my Wishes to
                            you again—& to request you will be pleased to come on to the Army as soon as possible after the Receipt of this.
                            with much Regard I am &ca.