Title: From George Washington to John Sinclair, 8 November 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Sinclair, John

            Sir,
            German Town near Philada 8th Novembr 1793

          Mr Lear who will have the honor of presenting this letter to you has lived many years
            in my family & is a person for whom I have a particular esteem.
          Having lately engaged in a Commercial Scheme he goes to Europe for the facility of his
            Plan & being desirous of visiting some of the principal Manufacturies in Scotland I
            take the liberty of giving him this letter of introduction to you, being persuaded he
            would be grateful for any information he should receive from you in any matter relative
            to this business.
          You will find him intelligent and well disposed I am sure (as far as he is acquainted)
            to answer any enquiry of yours respecting things in this Country.
            With great respect I have the honor to be Sir Your Most Obedt H. Ser.

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Charleston, South Carolina, Merchants, 9 November 1793
From: Charleston, South Carolina, Merchants
To: Washington, George

            Charleston So. Carolina 9th November 1793

          The Memorial of James & Edward Penman & Co., North & Vesey and Jennings
            & Woddrop of Charleston South Carolina merchants Sheweth
          That your Memorialists, deeply impressed with the deplorable situation to which many of
            the Inhabitants of St Domingo, now residing in this City with their families, have been
            reduced, from Affluence, to Want of the necessaries of Life, undertook to send a Small
            Vessel, with a confidential Shipmaster, to bring off some little Matters for their
            Subsistan⟨ce⟩ and at same time to see if the Country was in that situation that Vessels
            could be sent with safety, and a certainty of bring⟨in⟩g off farther Supplies.
          That in consequence thereof, they on the 18th of August last, dispatched the Schooner
            Pilot B⟨mutilated ⟩ Trial, an American Bottom, under Command of
            Captn Archi⟨bald⟩ Thompson, an American Citizen, with a Cargo of Rice, flo⟨ur⟩ and Pork,
            with orders to call at St Marcs and Port au pr⟨ince⟩ and take onboard whatever property might be offered for Relie⟨ving⟩ the unfortunate persons now in this State, but advising h⟨im⟩ at
            same time, and also our Correspondents Messrs James Gra⟨nt⟩ Forbes & Co. of Port au
            prince “That in our sincere Wishes to be aiding in procuring some little Supplies for
            those unhappy people here, We meant to run no Risk ourselves, nor that ⟨mutilated ⟩ or any others should in any shape do so, of offending
            against ⟨mutilated ⟩ Laws which, unknown to us, might be made, or
            of drawing ⟨the⟩ Resentment of the Ruling Powers; that ’though Humanity was deeply
            imprinted in our nature, and we had never met greater occasion to exercise it, yet it
            was not to be expected at perils to ourselves or friends.”
          That your Memorialists have been rendered very uneasy at receiving no direct
            Intelligence of this Vessel for some time, but have lately had open Letters sent them
            from New providence, advising that not only the Vessel had been laid hold of by the Commissioners, but the captain and your Memorialists’ Correspondent,
            James Grant Forbes, had been put in confinement at Port au prince, on Suspicion of intending to bring off Property for Persons
            here.
          That having candidly mentioned the Truth, they are ignorant of the reasons which can
            have led to such a procedure: As American Citizens, they understood they had a right,
            both by existing Laws and Treaties, to send their Vessel to a french Port which had
            always been open to American Vessels, and to bring away their own, or the Property of
            others, not absolutely forbid by any Law or Proclamation, of which they avow their
            Ignorance, and which it is evident, by their Letters and Instructions they did not mean
            to offend against.
          They therefore humbly request your Interference with the proper persons for Relief of
            Mr Forbes and captain Thompson and also for Redelivery of their Vessel and Cargo with
            Damages And Your Memorialists &ca &ca

            Jas & Ed. Penman & Co.
            North & Vesey
            Jennings & Woddrop


Title: To George Washington from Tobias Lear, 9 November 1793
From: Lear, Tobias
To: Washington, George

            My dear Sir,
            New York November 9th 1793

          A thousand times after my letter to you, enclosing Observations on the Potomack &c.
            had gone, did I wish to recall it: for the more I reflected on your situation at this
            moment, in point of business, the more did I see the impropriety, as well as the
            unfriendliness of my adding to that burthen, which I could not but know was at least as
            great as it ought to be, and more especially as mine was a business in which the public
            was not interested. I have been ever since distressed on that account. And the good
            letter with which I have been this day honored from you, has not removed my uneasiness
            on that score; altho’ it is to me another proof of that attention towards me which has
            already made too deep an impression on my mind for time or any event to erase. I say it
            did not remove my uneasiness; because I was convinced by it and the notes & letters
            accompanying it, that it must have taken up more of your time than I had, upon any
            grounds, a right to ask for at this busy moment. My thanks & gratitude, my very dear
            & honored Sir, are too small to offer for all your goodness to me: But they are all
            I have that can be acceptable to you.

          I have seen Mr Robertson, who took your portrait for the Earl of Buchan, and he tells
            me that he sent it to his Lordship, by way of Glascow, more than six months since; but
            he had never heard whether it got to hand or not—and says he is much distressed to learn
            that the Earl had not receivd it when his letter to you was written—and that he shall
            not rest until he has ascertained its fate.
          I have got all the information of & about the man whom I mentioned in my last, that
            time & circumstances have permitted me to do. He is a tolerably well sized &
            well made man of about 5 feet 8 or 9 inches—and about 30 years of age—a German by
            birth—speaks the french language well—dresses Ladies’ & Gentlemen’s hair very
              well.
          The account which he gives of himself is—that he lived for upwards of four years with
            Lord Barrymore as his Valet de Chambre and occasionally acted as his Steward. Finding
            that the Expenses to which Lord B. was subjected from his stile of living & other
            extravagances would not allow him to pay his domestics so regularly as their necessities
            required, he thought best to quit him; and as a Mr Cox, who had superintended the
            building a Theatre for Lord Barrymore, was about to come to Philadelphia for the purpose
            of attending the building the new Theatre there, he thought it a good opportunity of
            trying his fortune in this Country —and was, after he
            got to Philadelphia, fixed upon as a suitable person to keep the Coffee rooms in the New
            Theatre; but the use of that Theatre having been postponed—he found it necessary to
            resort to other means for a living—and followed the business of hair dressing there for
            some months, ’till Mr Hyde came to this place to keep the Tontine Coffee House when he
            came here with him & has been since the hair dresser of the Coffee House. He says he
            understands the duties of a Butler well—and can set out a table in as handsome a manner
            as any man: But he is not acquainted with marketing or providing for a family—He would
            prefer acting as Valet & Butler to having the duty of one only. He would not
            undertake the business for less than two hundred & fifty
              dollars per year. Thus far the man says of & for himself. His price I tell
            him puts him out of the question; if every thing else should answer.
          Mr Hyde seems to be the only person who knows anything particular about the man here.
            He says he is a sober, steady, neat man—He has lived in the Coffee
            House ever since Hyde has kept it—Hyde says he thinks the man capable of doing those
            things which he professes—and from his own knowledge of the kind of person who would be
            servicable & agreeable to you, Hyde says he could venture to recommend this man.
          The foregoing is all I can collect respecting Jacob Baur & therefrom it must be
            left with you, my dear Sir, to decide. Should you think any thing further of him, Mr
            Hyde seems to be the only person capable of giving information here.
          Tomorrow, wind & weather permitting, I shall sail—and let me visit whatever clime I
            may—or let whatever will be my situation, I shall never fail, my dear & honored Sir,
            to implore the best of Heaven’s blessings for your health & happiness—I feel more
            for your goodness towards me than I can or ought to express to you—Accept every thing
            that a grateful heart can give & present me, if you please, in the most respectful
            & dutiful manner to Mrs Washington. With truth & sincerity, I always shall be
            your devoted & affectionate friend & servant

            Tobias Lear.


Title: To George Washington from Richard Chichester, 10 November 1793
From: Chichester, Richard
To: Washington, George

            Honod & very Dear Sir
            Newington [Va.] 10th November 1793.

          I’ve to Apologise for this intrusion on Your time, with an Address of So trivial A
            Nature—And make No Doubt of Your Excuse, when You hear of my Afflicted Situation—I am
            and have been for Near three Years last Past, in So low a State of health, almost daily
            Expecting the Dissolution of my body, and cannot Depart in Peace without endeavouring to
            undeceive You, and Acquit myself of the charge of Misdemeanor against
            Your Property, of Which I’m entirely inocent: And ever did most cordially despise every
            Appearance of Meaness.
          Through the Medium of Colo. Burgess Ball, I’ve lately understood that you have been
            inform’d, that I was the Person who kill’d your Tame Deer (a large black buck) about Two
            or three years ago, which hath wounded my feelings
            beyond expression, for you to Possess Such an Idea of my Principles—I Therefore take the
            liberty to Assure You of my Inocence of the charge, and Declare most Solemnly in the
            Presence of the Searcher of all hearts, before Whom I’m in daily expectation of being
            Summon’d to Render An Acct of the Deeds done in the body, that I never even Saw a Deer
            of that description Since my Existance in the World, Nor Did I ever directly or
            Indirectly, to my knowledge, Injure my Neighbour, or Any Person Whatever, in Any Such
            like Respect—Truly I Should view Any Person of that conduct, in the light of a thief and
            a Rober. The colour of Such a Deer would ever be a Sure Defence against a Shott from
            myself or Any of my family.
          A certain Charles Dodson, a Tenant on Ravensworth, was the Person that kill’d your
            black buck, at least he told me himself that he kill’d a large Deer of that Colour Just
            about the time I heard of the Loss of Yours—It was without doubt Judg’d by the
            Neighbourhood, and himself, to be Your Deer, as the Colour prov’d him Not a Native of
            this Country, And we All had heard of Your Receiving Such Deer.
          As Soon as I Recd Mr Dodsons Information as Above, I gave Major George Washington a
            State of the case in Writing, And did not Suppose there was A Person in the World
            capable of giving you Such an Information Against me, without Any foundation—However, my
            trust is, that Your Acquaintance with my General Character for Almost Thirty Years last
            Past, Will induce you to give credit to my Solemn Declaration of Inocence at this late
            Period of my life—Which will Add much to the Satisfaction and Peace of Mind of One Who
            ever did, and I hope ever Shall during life, Revere Your Name And Person, As a fellow
            Citizen, And An Instrument in the hands of Divine Providence in Establishing the happy
            Independence of America.
          Tho’ I never expect the happiness of Seeing You Again on the Stage of Action, Your
            Prosperity and happiness in time And through Eternity will ever be
            Remember’d at the throne of Grace by Dr Sir Yr Most Obt & very H. Servant

            Richard Chichester


Title: From George Washington to Howell Lewis, 10 November 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Lewis, Howell

            Dear Howell
            German Town [Pa.] 10th Novr 1793

          Your letter of the 6th instt came duly to hand, and I
            received pleasure in learning from it, that you participated in the fine rain I
            travelled in on the Road, and that the Wheat began to shew the effect of it. I hope the
            second rain which fell here about the middle of last week extended also to that quarter.
            admitting this, and that the quantity was equal to what we have had here, I persuade
            myself it must have put the ground in a good state for plowing & that no time will
            be lost in which the horses can be spared from other work, to expedite this business for
            it is of essential importance to have the fields mentioned to you in my last, broke up in the course of the Fall with as little encroachment
            on winter as may be, that the ground may be turned again in the Sprg.
          Send me that Bills of Scantling, or copies of them, and when I see the amount of
            Taylers I will provide some way or other to pay it. Let
            every precaution be taken to prevent thefts, or other injury being committed on the
            Plank Shingles, or Scantling; and particularly to guard them against fires.
          As my Wheat Crop is the most important of all, to me, Continue to inform me how it
            comes on in all your letters; and whethe⟨r⟩ there is any prospect of the forward sowing,
            which was so much injured by the drought, ever being thick enough. What I mentioned in
            my last about sowing Rye, I still wish to have done, unless the change is so great for
            the better, that a full Crop of Wheat may be expected from the bare
            parts which I then alluded to; & my reason for it is, as I then mentioned, that I
            may have Rye straw for Thatching shed⟨s⟩ for Cow houses &ca next year. Take
            particular notice of the drilled wheat, & let me know how it comes on; and how the
            Corn is likely to yield; at least how it turns out as this business advances. What is
            gathered and measured in the course of the Week ought always to be noted in the Weekly
            report; for the Great object of these reports is to let me know the occurrences &
            true state of things on the Farms once a week; & none can be more interesting than
            the ascertainment of the Crops.
          Whenever the quantity of Clover Seed (for I perceive you have been threshing it) is
            known, let it be locked up safe, and inform me of the quantity.
          Patt had better be struck of[f] the Mansion house list altogether, and if there be a
            younger one there who has never had a child she may come to the Mansion ho. in her
              place.
          The old Bull commonly called the Callico Bull (now at Stuarts, if not already brot to
            the Mansion house) I would have brot there; that he may this Winter receive the benefit
            of the litter from the Stables. And it is my earnest wish tell Butler that 12 of the
            best Cows I have might breed from him before he goes hence & be heard of no more. I
            do not mean 12 in addition to what is now at Mansion house but twelve in all.
          Tell the Overseers that I will submit to no excuse for defi cient reports—it is these I
            look to for proper statements—and will Submit to no neglect—they shall be responsible
            for their reports.
          Enquire what is become of the Corn Tubs which were at Dogue run, Muddy hole, &
            River Farm, that new ones were wanting for those places, as I see by the Coupers Report.
            It is a most shameful thing that conveniences of this sort which ought to last for years
            are suffered to go to destruction after once or twice using, & then new ones are to
            be provided.
          I request, as soon after the receipt of this letter as an opportunity shall present
            from Alexandria, or elsewhere, that you would write in my name to Lawrence Washington to
            come immediately to Mount Vernon, in order to proceed on to this place or Philadelphia
            with your Aunt, as it will be proper for you to remain at my house until Mr Pearce shall
            arrive there, which he has given me reason to hope wou’d be by the
            middle of next month, though it may possibly be later; for without you are there to
            deliver things over to him, and give him information of matters, especially of those
            about the Mansion house, and put him in possession of the Keys &ca (which I do not
            incline to leave with Butler) he will have to grope in the dark for every thing; and set
            out at last in a wrong track perhaps. I repeat my desire therefore that you would write
            immediately to Lawrence to come down, & send letters by different conveyances, that
            the chances of getting one to him may be multiplied & if possible rendered certain.
            I am Your Sincere friend and Affectionate Uncle

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 10 November 1793
From: Randolph, Edmund
To: Washington, George

          (Private)
          Sir.Spencer’s [Germantown, Pa.] Novr 10.
                1793.
          After I parted from you last night, I obtained a promise from Mr
            Dunlap, the printer, to bring out on monday his file of newspapers. This renders it unnecessary for me to continue my request as to
            yours. But while I am thus led to recollect, that you meditate a visit to the city to
            morrow, permit me to suggest one consideration. The mayor and the physicians dissuade
            people from returning yet, and especially in great numbers. You will hardly be at your
            door, before your arrival will be rumoured abroad; and multitudes, who will not
            distinguish between a momentary stay, and absolute residence, will be induced by your
            example to croud back, and carry fresh, and therefore more vulnerable subjects into the
            bosom of infection. The consequences may be the more serious, as we have not yet
            learned, that any radical precautions have commenced, for purging the
            houses and furniture. It is strengthened too in a degree, from the uncertainty of the
            malady, under which the soldiers from St Domingo labour, and of the effect, which the
            late warm days may have had upon the disorder. Nor can I conceal a fear, which I have
            often heard expressed, by the friends of yourself and the government, that your
            indifference about danger might push you perhaps too early into Philadelphia.
          I have Examined the addresses, resolutions and answers, which are now returned. In many
            of them, the proclamation is called a declaration of neutrality; And therefore confirms
            the opinion, that the speech ought, (as it clearly may) put this paper upon its true,
            and a satisfactory footing.
          What has been published concerning it, united with numberless misrepresentations in
            other instances, determined me some months ago to begin a history and review of your
            administration. I had made some progress in it; and should have advanced further, had I
            not found some difficulty in asking from the secretary of state access to the public
            archives, without communicating at the same time my object. However, had it not been for
            the interruption, which has been given for some time past to every business, connected
            with Philadelphia, I should have persevered, and endeavoured to procure the means of
            full and accurate information. The essay of Agricola convinces me of the importance of
            such a work, upon public as well as other interesting considerations; and let my future
            arrangements be, as they may, I shall not relinquish it. But I am extremely apprehensive, that the pestilence of Philadelphia will reduce the
            practice of the law within the city to such a modicum, as to force me to think of
            reestablishing my self in Virginia. For altho’ I do not doubt, that were I to go into as
            large field, as some others of the bar here, my share of profit would content me; yet as
            that cannot be done, consistently with my office; the share, which I had, must be
            considerably diminished. Whatever delay may proceed from this circumstance, the work
            itself shall proceed; and I have now taken the liberty of saying thus much to you, in
            confidence, only to prepare the way, if on some occasion I shall find it necessary, to
            beg the communication of any particular information.
          I will thank you for the Virginia gazette, containing Agricola; as I wished to write to
            Colo. Carrington, and enclose to him some remarks, which may tend to disabuse the public
            mind. I have the honor, sir, to be, with a sincere and affectionate
            attachment yr mo. ob. serv.

            Edm: Randolph.


Title: To George Washington from Alexander White, 11 November 1793
From: White, Alexander
To: Washington, George

              Sir
              Woodville  [Va.] 11th November
                1793

            It is with real pleasure I obey the commands of a respectable meeting of the Citizens
              of Frederick County, in communicating the enclosed Resolutions expressive of the
              result of their deliberations. I am with sentiments of the most perfect respect Sir
              Your Obt Servant

              Alexr White


Title: Enclosure: Resolutions from Frederick County, Virginia, Citizens, 5 November 1793
From: Frederick County, Virginia, Citizens
To: Washington, George

              [Winchester, Va., 5 November 1793]

            At a numerous meeting of the Inhabitants of Frederick County at the Court House in
              Winchester on Tuesday the fifth day of november 1793 for the purpose of taking under
              Consideration the Proclamation of the President of the United States, declaring the
              neutrality of the said States in the present European War—Alexander White is appointed
              Chairman and John Peyton Clerk.
            Resolved that in the opinion of this meeting the late Proclamation of the President
              declaring the neutrality of the United States and enjoining a conduct friendly and
              impartial towards all the Belligerent Powers of Europe was a well
              timed Constitutional measure, and holds a conspicuous place among the many great and
              important services rendered by him to his native Country.
            Resolved that this meeting consider it as an incumbent duty to express their
              approbation of the said Proclamation, and of the measures which have been pursued for
              enforcing the same, as a tribute justly due to the Wisdom, the vigilance, and
              unremitted attention of our Fellow Citizen in the discharge of the important Duties of
              his high Office, more especially as attempts have been made to censure his Conduct
              therein, and to induce a belief that it does not accord with the general Sentiments
              and Wishes of the American People—This meeting are duly impressed with the important
              truth “That the Sovereignty of the United States is vested in the People”—but it being
              impracticable to exercise that Sovereignty either in their individual or collective
              capacity—they have wisely instituted Governments, General and particular, and have
              transferred to them every power deemed necessary to secure Peace and Liberty and
              promote the general Welfare.
            Resolved that it is through the several Departments of Governments alone that the
              Will of the People can be manifested or their power exerted. That the Officers of
              those Departments (although amenable to the People for their Conduct in the various
              ways prescribed by the Laws and Constitutions of the Union and of the several States)
              in the exercise of their proper functions ought to be respected and obeyed—That an
              appeal to the People at large in opposition to any Constitutional Act of Government is
              inconsistent with the principles of Civil Society, and in all cases would prove
              destructive of that Peace and Order for the support of which Governments are
              instituted—That should the ministers or agents of Foreign nations appeal or propose to
              appeal from the decisions of the Excutive of the United States in matters respecting
              their mission, to any other Department of Government, or to the People; every attempt
              of that kind ought to meet the most pointed disapprobation of the Citizens of the
              United States as a measure evidently tending to introduce civil dissention, discord,
              and corruption; and finally to endanger the existence of the Government itself.
            Resolved that this meeting retain a grateful remembrance of the distinguished
              Services rendered to our Country by the French nation—that they
              wish to cultivate her Friendship and Alliance, to see her Government assimilated to
              our own by the establishment of a free Republic as the best foundation of her
              prosperity and an additional cement of our union.
            Resolved as the opinion of this meeting that the United States are not bound by the
              existing Treaties with France to engage in the present War against any of the European
              nations—That such a measure would prove destructive of the dearest interests of
              America without rendering any essential service to France—On the contrary that she
              would be thereby deprived of the advantages she now recieves from our neutrality.
            Resolved that a Copy of the several foregoing Resolutions be forthwith transmitted to
              the President of the United States And that they also be published in the Winchester
                Gazettes.

              TesteJohn Peyton
                Clk
              Alexr White Ch: M.


Title: To George Washington from Elias Boudinot, 12 November 1793
From: Boudinot, Elias
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            Elizabeth Town [N.J.] Novr 12th 1793

          The troubling you to read the enclosed oration may perhaps need an Apology, undoubtedly
            the liberty I have taken, to address it to you, without your express permission, renders
            one absolutely necessary.
          A number of concurring Circumstances, added to the subject & design prompted me to
            it, and a dependance on your known Candor & Friendship makes me hope, it will not
            give Offence.
          Mrs Boudinot joins me in the most respectful & affectionate Compliments to Mrs
            Washington. I have the honor to be with every Sentiment of Duty & respect Dr Sir
            Your most Obedt Hble Servt

            Elias Boudinot


Title: To George Washington from Richard Snowdon, 13 November 1793
From: Snowdon, Richard
To: Washington, George

            Newton Gloucester State of New Jersey Novbr 13th 93

          The Author of the enclosed Volume presents it to the Worthy President of the United
            States as a Small Tribute of that affectionate esteem which he with many thousands bear
            for his Person whose merit both as a Hero and Citizen hath captivated
            the feeling Heart that thrills with exalted pleasure at the loved name of
              Washington. As the Author is one of the People called
            Quakers he cannot consistent with his profession make use of a Style that custom hath
            established in what is called the Polite World Shall therefore confine himself to the
            feeling Language of the Heart and that mode of expression which he hath been educated in
            And notwithstanding Providence hath placed him in the humble Walks of Life he is firmly
            persuaded that like the Widows Mite it will be no less acceptable on that account And
            shall now take the Liberty to conclude this address in the Words of Dr Young as they
            accord with the Sentiments of his own Heart viz.
          “Farewel! thro’ boundless ages fare
            tho⟨u⟩ well! The dignity of Man and blessing of Heaven be with thee! The broad Hand of
            the Almighty cover thee! Mayst thou Shine when the Sun is extinct⟨!⟩ Mayst thou live and
            triumph when time Expires”  is the Ardent wish of thy
            Sincere friend and Admirer

            Richard Snowdon


Title: From George Washington to Mary Atlee, 14 November 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Atlee, Mary

            14th Novr 1793.

          The President wishes Mrs Atlee to be assured that, his disposition to prevent tears of
            distress from flowing, is far beyond his means to accomplish; and that he should be
            extremely happy if the latter were adequate to the numerous calls that are made upon the
            former.
          Mrs Atlees case being entirely unknown to the President—Her application of course, is
            not well understood by him.


Title: To George Washington from Jean Louis Du Rumaine, 15 November 1793
From: Rumaine, Jean Louis Du
To: Washington, George

            Monsieur Le president,
            Edenton caroline Du Nord15. 9bre 1793.

          Les malheurs Sans nombre que j’ai éprouvé et L’absolue detresse à La quelle je Suis
            reduit me forcent à avoir Recours à La commiseration Du congrès.
          Victime de L’insurrection arrivée dans Le quartier de jacmel isle de St Domingue, je
            m’embarquai en juillet dernier avec mon épouse enceinte de huit mois, Sur une goelette
            Venant à edenton caroline Du Nord. j’avais été assez heureux pour Sauver des mains des
            Brigands quelque peu d’argent, mes couverts de Table et Environ Sept milliers de caffe
            que j’avais dans un magasin au bord de mer. Les corsaires anglais m’ont Enlevé En Route
            mon argent et mon argenterie, pour comble le malheur La goelette a fait côte au cricot,
            et mon caffé n’a pu m’être remis que Tres avariè; arrivé à ma destination je me Suis
            conformé à La Loi, on a verifié Le poids du caffé, La Seule grace que L’office ait pu
            m’accorder a été de me donner pour Le payement des droits un delai de 4. mois en
            fournissant caution. ce delai est prêt décheoir et a peine puis-je Trouver du caffé
            Somme Suffisante pour payer Les droits. je me Trouve par La privé de la Seule Ressource
            Sur La quelle je fondais mon existence et celle de ma famille. j’ai cru dans cette
            circonstance accablante devoir m’adresser au congrès, et Vous Supplier, Monsieur Le
            president, de Vouloir bien y appuyer ma reclamation.
            j’attens ce bienfait de L’humanité avec La quelle Vous avez Traité Tous Les malheureux
            insulaires. je Suis avec un profond Respect, Monsieur Le president,
            Votre Tres humble et très obeissant Serviteur.

            jean Louis Du Rumaine


Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 16 November 1793
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

            sir
            Falls of Schuylkill [Pa.] 16 Nov. 1793

          I have the honor to submit two letters of Major Genl Wayne one dated the 17th of Septr
            and the other the 5th of October with a variety of enclosures, including the proceedings
            of the Court martial upon Ensign Morgan.
          In addition to the information contained in these papers, I am informed that the late
            Lt Jennifer who was cashiered, arrived at Pittsburg
            from Head quarters who says that General Scott arrived at Fort Washington on the 7th
            Octr a few hours after Genl Wayne had marched, with nearly six hundred mounted
            voluntiers, and that as many more were expected hourly. I have the honor to be with the
            highest respect sir your obedient Servt

            H. Knox


Title: From George Washington to Nicholas Lewis, 16 November 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Lewis, Nicholas

            Sir,
            Germantown [Pa.] 16th Novemr 1793.

          While I acknowledge that all power is derived from the people, and that the Federal
            Government has been instituted for their happiness, I cannot but unite in the attachment
            expressed by the freemen of Albemarle to the Constitution of the U. States. Harmony with foreign Nations is a blessing which we ought to
            prize & to cherish; & from a desire of cultivating it the proclamation was
              issued. Such a measure became the more eligible, as
            it neither cancelled nor weakened our obligations to the French Nation.

            Go. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Harriot Washington, 16 November 1793
From: Washington, Harriot
To: Washington, George

            Fredericksburg [Va.] November the 16, 1793

          I receiv’d My Honor’d Uncle’s letter, of the 25 of September  and am now seated, to return him a thousand thanks, for the money he was so obleiging as to send me. Aunt Lewis informed me, that
            you mentioned in your last letter to her, if the fever
            in Philadelphia did not abate, that Aunt Washington would spend the winter at Mt Vernon,
            and if she did, you would send for me. I shall be very much pleased if you do, for I am
            very anxious to se yourself and Aunt Washington. About a week ago Cousin Carter was so
            unfortunate, as to lose her youngest child. she is soon
            a going to Culpepper, and as she is very lonesome, she has perswaded me to go with her,
            but Aunt Lewis desire’d me to let you no, if you could contrive her word, about a
            forghtnight or three week, before I go to Mt Vernon, she will pay a visit to Cousin
            Carter and I should return with her. I acquainted Brother Lawrence with your request.
            Aunt Lewis and Cousin Carter join me in love to you and Aunt Washington. I am Honor’d
            Uncle Your affectionate Neice

            Harriot Washington


Title: Editorial Note
From:
To:

              I
              Alexander Hamilton’s Outline for GW’s Annual Address to Congress,
                November 1793

              II
              Edmund Randolph’s List of Topics to be Communicated to Congress,
                November 1793

              III
              GW’s Notes on the Annual Address to Congress, November 1793

              IV
              Edmund Randolph’s Draft for GW’s Annual Address to Congress, November
                1793

              V
              Henry Knox’s Draft for GW’s Annual Address to Congress, c.19 November
                1793

              VI
              Alexander Hamilton’s Draft of a Statement on the Neutrality
                Proclamation for GW’s Fifth Annual Address to Congress, c.21 November 1793

              VII
              Thomas Jefferson’s Notes for GW’s Annual Address to Congress, c.22
                November 1793

              VIII
              Alexander Hamilton’s Draft of a Statement on Financial Affairs for
                GW’s Fifth Annual Address to Congress, November 1793

              IX
              Edmund Randolph’s Outline for GW’s Annual Address to Congress, c.28
                November 1793

           Editorial Note Although the journal of GW’s presidential proceedings for 1793 recorded only a single
            cabinet discussion on 23 Nov. about his annual message, according to notes made by
            Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, the cabinet discussed the subject at four meetings
            held on 18, 21, 23, and 28 Nov. (JPPDorothy Twohig, ed. The Journal of the Proceedings of the President, 1793–1797. Charlottesville, Va., 1981., 257; Jefferson PapersJulian P. Boyd et al., eds. The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. 41 vols. to date. Princeton, N.J., 1950–., 27:399–401, 411–13, 428, 453–56). It seems most probable that documents I–III, which lay out topics to be communicated in
            the annual address or other messages, were prepared in anticipation of the meeting on 18
            Nov., where the cabinet “took up the discussion of the subjects of communication to
            Congress.” That meeting, however, stalled at the very first topic, the presentation on
            GW’s Neutrality Proclamation of 22 April. Attorney General Edmund Randolph “read the
            statement he had prepared” (possibly document IV), but Secretary of the Treasury
            Alexander Hamilton “did not like” Randolph’s text. Hamilton expressed his belief “that
            the Presidt. had a right to declare his opinion to our citizens and
            foreign nations that it was not the interest of this country to join in the war and that
            we were under no obligation to join in it.” While Hamilton conceded that the declaration
            “would not legally bind Congress . . . he was against any expln. in the speech which
            should yeild that he did not intend that foreign nations should consider it as a
            declaration of neutrality future as well as present.” Randolph and Jefferson “opposed
            the right of the Presidt. to declare any thing future on the qu. shall there or shall
            there not be war? and that no such thing was intended.” After discussion, in which GW
            “declared he never had an idea that he could bind Congress against declaring war, or
            that any thing contained in his proclmn. could look beyond the the first day of their
            meeting, his main view was to keep our people in peace,” GW decided that Hamilton
            “should prepare a paragraph on this subject” for consideration. Hamilton presented that paragraph (Document VI) at the meeting on 21 Nov., explaining
            that his intention was “to say nothing which could be laid hold of for any purpose, to
            leave the proclamation to explain itself.” In the discussion that followed, Hamilton
            “entered pretty fully into all the argumentation of Pacificus” and went so far as to
            argue that “the constn. having given power to the Presidt. and Senate to make treaties,
            they might make a treaty of neutrality, which should take from Congress the right to
            declare war in that particular case, and that under the form of a treaty they might
            exercise any powers whatever.” Randolph opposed that position, believing that “an act of
            the legislature would be necessary to confirm” any treaty provisions touching on
            legislative powers, and Jefferson contended that the president and Senate could only
            “carry into effect by way of treaty any powers they might constitutionally exercise.” On
            the proclamation, then, Randolph and Jefferson supported Randolph’s phrasing, while
            Hamilton and Secretary of War Henry Knox supported Hamilton’s. GW “said he had but one
            object, the keeping our people quiet till Congress should meet, that nevertheless to
            declare he did not mean a declaration of neutrality in the technical sense of the
            phrase, might perhaps be crying peccavi before he was charged.
            However he did not decide between the two draughts.” Meanwhile, the secretaries apparently were preparing additional materials for the
            speech in the areas covered by their departments (see documents V and
            VIII; document VII also may be such an item or, despite being recorded under the date 22
            Nov., an earlier general outline). On 23 Nov., with Hamilton absent due to ill health,
            the cabinet finally moved on to other matters. Jefferson opposed a “proposition to
            Congress to fortify the principal harbors,” and “It was amended by substituting a
            proposition to adopt means for enforcing respect to the jurisdiction of the US. within
            it’s waters.” Jefferson also opposed a proposal for “the establishment of a military
            academy,” on grounds that “none of the specified powers given by the constn. to Congress
            would authorize this,” and that issue was deferred. GW “acknowledged he had doubted of
            the expediency of undertaking the former, and as to the latter, tho’ it would be a good
            thing, he did not wish to bring on any thing which might generate heat and ill humor.”
            At this meeting it was agreed that Randolph would draft the annual address and Jefferson
            the other messages. Randolph’s final draft, which was presented to the cabinet on 28 Nov., has not been
            identified, but document IX apparently is his outline for that draft. The only debate
            that Jefferson recorded was on the military academy, since “The clause recommending
            fortifications was left out.” Hamilton, Knox, and Randolph all supported the academy
            recommendation, and GW “said he would not chuse to recommend any thing against the
            constitution, but if it was doubtful, he was so impressed with
            the necessity of this measure, that he would refer it to Congress, and let them decide
            for themselves whether the constn. authorized it or not. It was therefore left in.”
            According to Jefferson, “No material alterations were proposed or made in any part” of
            Randolph’s draft. For the final version of the message, see GW to the United States Senate and House of
              Representatives, 3 December.


Title: I, November 1793
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To:

              [November 1793]

            Objects to be communicated in Speech & Messages

                I
                Proclamation

                II
                Embarrassments on carrying into
                  Execution the principles of neutrality; necessity of some
                  auxiliary provisions by law—

                III
                Expectation of indemnification given
                  in relation to illegal captures—

                IV
                State of our
                  affairs with regard to
                G. Britain

                to Spain

                to France—claim of Guarantee—propositions

                respecting Trade—

                V
                Indian affairs—failure of Treaty —state of expedition under Wayne prospects with
                  regard to Southern Indians—

                VI
                Prudence of additional precautions for
                  defence; as the best security for the peace of the Country—      1
                  fortification of principal sea ports      2 Corps of efficient
                  Militia—

                VII
                Completion of settlement of Accounts
                  between the United and Individual States:
                  Provision for ballances—

                VIII
                Provision for a sinking fund—

                IX
                Our revenues in the aggregate have
                  continued to answer expectation as to productiveness but if the various objects
                  pointed out and which appear to be neccesary to the public Interest are to be
                  accomplished it can hardly be hoped that there will be a necessity for some
                  moderate addition to them—

                X
                Prolongation of the Dutch installment
                  by way of Loan—terms.

                XI
                Provision for the second installment
                  due to the Bank of U. States—

                XII
                for interest on the unsubscribed debt
                  during the present year. Quære

                XIII
                Communication of the state of cessions
                  of Light Houses. The Cession in various instances has not been intire; it has
                  reserved a partial right of jurisdiction for process;
                  consequently is not strictly conformable to law—

                XIV
                Commissary to receive issue &
                  account for all public stores would conduce much to order & œconomy.


Title: III, November 1793
From: Washington, George
To:

              [November 1793]

            Sundry matters to be communicated for the information of Congress—either in the
              Speech at the opening of the Session, or by Messages thereafter, as shall be thought
              best.
            Proclamation, informing the United States of the actual State of things as they stood
              between them and the Powers at War.
            State of Our application respecting the surrender of the Western Posts.
            Additional Instructions of his Britanic Majesty relative to Corn &ca in Neutral
                Vessels.
            State of matters as it respects our Negociation with Spain, relative to Territory and
              the Navigation of the River Mississipi.
            Corrispondence with Mr Genet, Minister from the French Republic.
            The impediments which have taken place in the intended Ransom of our Citizens,
              captives in Algiers—& treaty with the Barbary States.
            Treaty attempted with the Western Indians, and the result of it.
            March of the Army in consequence of it—delayed by the suspension we were held in
              thereby
            State of matters as they relate to the Creeks and Cherokees—& to the Frontiers of
              Georgia and the South Western Territory.
            Would not a trade on Public ground, with all the bordering tribes of Indians (if they can once be made sensible of
              their folly by the Superiority of our arms) be an effectual mean of attaching them to
              us by the strongest of all ties, Interest.
            The utility of establishing proper Arsenals unfolds itself more & more every day.
              And the propriety of a Military Accademy for teaching the Art of Gunnery &
              Engineering, can scarcely be doubted. A War, at any time, would evince the impropriety
              of such a neglect.
            Might it not be expedient to take off the Tax upon the transportation of News Papers
                &c.?
            An Act of the Legislature, So. West of the Ohio, Passed Novr 20th 1792—Deposited in
              the Secretary of States Office.

            As both Representatives & President are newly chosen, and it is their first
              meeting, may it not be a good occasion, & proper for the latter to express his
              sentiments of the honor conferred on by his fellow Citizens. The former is an
              augmented body—The times are critical—and much temper, & cool deliberate
              reflection is necessary to maintain Peace with dignity & safety to the United
              States.
            Appointments, during the recess of Congress to be laid before the Senate.


Title: IV, November 1793
From: Randolph, Edmund
To:

              [November 1793]

            As soon as the European war had embraced those nations, with which the U.S. have an
              extensive commercial intercourse, there was reason to apprehend,
              that this intercourse might be interrupted, and our disposition for peace drawn into
              question, by the suspicions, usually entertained by belligerent powers. It seemed
              therefore to be my duty, to admonish my fellow-citizens, of the consequences of a
              contraband trade, and of hostile conduct towards any of the parties; and to obtain, by
              a declaration of the existing legal state of things, an easier admission of our right
              to the immunities, belonging to our situation. Under these impressions, the
              proclamation, which will be laid before you, was issued.
            It did not escape notice, that our treaties with France might probably produce claims
              for the performance of many important stipulations, contained in that instrument. But these, so far as their fulfilment might depend upon
              the opinions and authority of the executive, could not with propriety be considered,
              as clashing with the proclamation; and they have been accordingly fulfilled.
            Several prizes, taken by the French ships of war and privateers, were brought into
              our ports, under the permission, given by the treaty of commerce; and being there,
              they have been sold by the captors. Howsoever salutary a prohibition or restriction of
              this practice might have been; it appeared to be a subject, more fit for a provision
              by law, than for the interposition of the executive.
            On other occasions, when the jurisdiction of the U.S. has been infringed by captures
              within the protection of our territory, or by captures, made by vessels, commissioned
              or equipped in our ports, I have not refused to restore them; and I have also, in many
              instances, ordered the vessels, so equipped, to be reduced from their military
              preparations. But, notwithstanding every precaution, some of those captures were
              attended with such circumstances, as to render it proper for me to undertake, what is
              expressed in a communication to the ministers of foreign courts, resident here,
              concerning compensation.
            It would however, have been very acceptable to me, if the constitution of the fœderal
              courts would have suffered me to consign to their decision many cases, upon which I
              was compelled to act definitively. Even now perhaps, it may be expedient to extend
              their cognizance of captures, as well to the ascertaining of facts by a jury, when the
              executive shall, for its own information, request it; as even to the making of
              restitution when restitution shall be due. The want of aids, like
              these, induced me to adopt a system of rules, of which copies will be presented to
                you.
            Nor is it less urgent, that some particular penalty should be enacted against those
              foreign consuls, who shall open courts within the U.S. for the condemnation of
              vessels, captured from their enemy. The means, which are in the hands of the executive
              for repressing this assumption of power, will not be always equal to the mischief,
              which may spring from it.
            But with the wisest legislative institutions on these subjects, and with the greatest
              vigilance of the public officers against their violation, a respect to the authority
              of the U.S. cannot be insured from foreign vessels of force, without an ability to
              coerce them. On some of the waters of the U.S., a few forts have been adapted to
              effectual service; but on others, none are to be found.
            Among other arrangements, which the posture of public affairs demands, it seems
              adviseable to define the extent of protection and jurisdiction from the coast of the
              U.S. into the ocean. Different nations have established different pretensions into the
              sea. For the present, no greater distance has been assumed by the U.S., than a marine
              league, which is the shortest distance, claimed by any nation. It remains therefore
              for congress to determine, whether it be better to rest this unsettled point, upon
              explanations and adjustments, which may be made thro’ the channel of negotiation, or
              to prescribe the range, to which the right of the U.S. shall be hereafter
              asserted.


Title: V, 19 November 1793
From: Knox, Henry
To:

              [c.19 November 1793]

            The efforts which have been made without the desired effect, to adjust, by an
              amicable negociation, all causes of difference with the hostile Indians north of the
              Ohio, will I trust, be found demonstrative of the sincere dispositions of the United
              States for peace, upon moderate and equitable terms, and also, of their liberal
              intentions, of rendering more comfortable, the condition of their ignorant and
              barbarous neighbours.
            I have directed that all the papers relatively to the pacific overtures to the said
              Indians, together with the result thereof, should be laid before you for your
              information upon the subject.
            If after the fairest experiments peace is unattainable upon reasonable grounds, it
              appears to be incumbent on the United States to use decisively, such degrees of their
              force, as shall be competent, as well to the immediate protection of their exposed
              citizens, as to the exemplary punishment of those tribes, which obstinately persevere
              in their cruel depredations upon our frontiers.
            The season for military operations having been occupied by negociations, the public
              force will not probably be able to undertake any considerable enterprizes in a
              wilderness, during the remainder of the Year.
            A return of the troops in service will be laid before you, by which, it will be
              perceived that the numbers authorized by law, are materially deficient,
              notwithstanding the recruiting, has been continued to the present time. It will be a
              subject of consideration, whether the establishment shall be completed by additional
              encouragements, or whether powerful aids of militia shall be afforded to accomplish
              the public objects.
            The situation in the southwestern frontiers will also claim the serious attention of
              Congress. A statement upon this subject, together with the papers on which it is
              founded will be laid before you in order that you may be enabled to judge of the
              measures which it may be proper to adopt on the occasion. At the same time means may be devised for the prompt
              punishment of bandittie Indians belonging to tribes in peace with
              us, it would appear to be indispensible, that the laws should be so strengthened, that
              our own violators of the peace, and existing treaties, should not escape with
              impunity, & thereby bring down upon innocent men women and children all the
              horrors of savage retaliation, and also involve the United States in an unjust
              War.
            I have directed the secretary of War also to lay before you a statement of the
              present situation of the public Magazines and Arsenals. Although it will appear, that the war like apparatus and stores, contained are
              respectable, yet motives of prudence, require that large augmentations should be made
              thereto. During the recess of Congress I conceived it to be my duty to direct that
              some essential articles should be provided, and some repairs made, which might be
              required at a time and under circumstances when they could not be obtained. The
              expences incurred for these Objects, will be stated in the estimates for the ensuing
              year, for which appropriations will be requisite.
            Although it be deemed that neither our interests nor any other circumstances require
              us to become parties to the existing war among the European powers, yet it is an
              obligation of the highest nature, which every Nation owes to itself, to be provided at
              all times, in full abundance, with the means necessary for its own preservation, and
                defence. Hence it is submitted to your wisdom
              whether the exposed situation of some of the principal Seaports of the United States
              do not require that species of fortification which would secure them from insult or
              surprize. Applications for this purpose have been made to me by several of the
              excutives of the individual states, but as there was no law authorizing the measure it
              could not be undertaken. Its propriety however is too
              apparent to require any arguments to enforce it.
            Being upon the subject of our defence I feel myself impelled by a sacred love for my
              country, and by a solemn conviction of the importance of the object—again to suggest
              the propriety of establishing that bulwark of liberty and national security an
              energetic Militia. To act in all emergencies as the advanced Guard of the Country
              behind which the great body of the people by their representatives should have time
              and opportunity afforded them to take such arrangements as the situation of affairs
              might demand. With an adequate body of free citizens properly organized the United
              States would be in a condition to meet and dissipate those events,
              which sometimes arise in the affairs of men, and for which being unprepared, the
              happiness and the liberty of societies have too frequently been overturned and
              ruined.


Title: VI, 21 November 1793
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To:

              [c.21 November 1793]

            It is greatly to be lamented, for the sake of humanity, that the flame of War, which
              had before spread over a considerable part of Europe has within the present year
              extended itself much further; implicating all those powers with whom the United States
              have the most extensive relations. When it was seen here, that almost all the maritime
              Nations either were, or were likely soon to become parties to the
              War, it was natural that it should excite serious reflections about the possible
              consequences to this Country. On the one hand, it appeared desireable, that no
              impressions in reference to it should exist—with any of the powers engaged, of a
              nature to precipitate arrangements or measurs tending to interrupt or endanger our
                peace. On the other, it was probable, that
              designing or inconsiderate persons among ourselves might from different motives embark
              in enterprizes contrary to the duties of a nation at peace with nations at war with
              each other; and, of course, calculated to invite and
              to produce reprisals and hostilites. Adverting to these considerations, in a situation
              both new and delicate, I Judged it adviseable to issue a Proclamation (here insert the
              substance of the Proclamation)—The effects of this measure have, I trust, neither
              disappointed the views which dictated it, nor disserved the true interests of our
              Country.


Title: VII, 22 November 1793
From: Jefferson, Thomas
To:

              [c.22 November 1793]

                Notes
                Text

                cases where
                  individuals (as Henfield &c.) organize themselves into military bodies within
                  the U.S. or participate in acts of hostility by sea, where jurisdiction attaches to the person.
                     What is the present legal mode of restraint?
                  binding to the good behavior? military restraint? or what? or can the act only be
                    punished after it is committed?
                   The Constitution having
                  authorised the legislature exclusively to declare whether the nation, from a state
                  of peace, shall go into that of war, it rests with their wisdom to consider Whether the
                  restraints already provided by the laws are sufficient to prevent individuals from
                  usurping, in effect, that power, by taking part, or
                  arraying themselves to take part, by sea or by land, while under the jurisdiction
                  of the U.S. in the hostilities of any one nation against any other with which the
                  U.S. are at peace?

                Vessels
                  originally constituting themselves cruizers here, or those so constituted
                  elsewhere & augmenting their force here, may they be seized & detained? by
                  what branch of the government? e.g. the Polly or Republican at N.Y. the Jane at
                  Philada the Industry at Baltimore. Their Prizes. may they be restored? e.g. the
                  Lovely lass, Pr. Wm Henry, Jane of Dublin, the Spanish prize &c.
                   Whether the laws have
                  provided with sufficient efficacy & explicitness, for arresting &
                  restraining their preparations & enterprizes, & for indemnifying their
                  effects?

                   Captures
                  within our waters, by whom to be restored? e.g. the Grange, the William, the
                  Providence, the William Tell &c
                   Whether within the territory
                  of the U.S. or those limits on it’s shores to which reason & usage authorize
                  them to extend their jurisdiction & protection, & to interdict every
                  hostile act, even between hostile nations, the partition of the National authority
                  between the civil & military organs is delineated with sufficient precision to
                  leave no doubt which of the two is justified, & is bound to interpose?

                Cases of the
                  Betsey, and American Vessel & Swedish cargo. the Maxwell, vessel & cargo
                    Swedish.
                   Whether either & Which
                  of them is authorized to liberate our own property or that of other peaceable nations, taken on the high-seas & brought into our
                  ports?

                merely an
                  intimation to establish all these cases with the judiciary.
                   Whether all such of these
                  interferences as may be exercised by the judiciary bodies with equal efficacy,
                  with more regularity, and with greater safety to the rights of individuals,
                  citizen or alien, are already placed under their cognisance, so as to leave no
                  room for diversity of judgment among them, no necessity or ground for any other
                  branch to exercise them, merely that there may not be a defect of justice or
                  protection, or a breach of public order?

                   for a
                  specification of some of these duties see Jay’s & Wilson’s charges. are they all sufficiently provided with specific
                  punishments?    Offences against the Law of Nations. Genet’s conduct is one.
                  by that law the President may order him away. has the law provided for the
                  efficacy of this order?
                   And Whether the duties of a
                  nation at peace towards those at war, imposed by the laws and usages of nature,
                  & nations, & such other offences against the law of nations as present
                  circumstances may produce, are provided for by the municipal law with those
                  details of internal sanction and coercion, the mode & measure of which that
                  alone can establish?

            other subjects
            Proclamation
            Report of balances between the states.
            Western Indians
            Creeks.
            Provision of arms made, & to be
              made.

                subsequent.
                Genet’s conduct

                England.
                inexecution of treaty.

                interception of our provisions.

                Spain.
                boundary & navigation of Missisipi.

                protection of Southern Indians.


Title: VIII, November 1793
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To:

              [November 1793]

            The Commissioners charged with the settlement of Accounts between the United &
              the Individual States completed that important business within the time limited by
              Law; and the ballances which they have reported have been placed upon the Books of the
              Treasury. A copy of their Report bearing date the  day of  last will
              be laid before Congress for their information.
            The importance of the object will justify me in recalling to your consideration the
              expediency of a regular and adequate provision for the Redemption and Discharge of the
              Public Debt. Several obvious considerations render the œconomy of time, in relation to
              this measure, peculiarly interesting and desireable.
            It is necessary, that provision should be also made for paying the second installment
              of the loan of two Millions from the Bank of the U. States agreeably to the terms of
              that loan; the first having been paid, pursuant to the provision for that purpose made
              during the last session.
            on the first day of June last an installment of 1000000 of florins became payable on
              the loans of the U. States in Holland. This was adjusted by a prolongation of the
              period of reimbusement, in nature of a new loan at an interest of 5 per Cent, for the
              term of ten years. The charges upon this operation were a commission of three per Cent. It will readily
              be perceived that the posture of European affairs is calculated to affect unfavourably
              the measures of the U.S. for borrowing abroad.

            The productiveness of the public Revenues hitherto has continued to equal the
              anticipations which were formed of it; but it is not expected that it will prove
              commensurate with all the objects which have been suggested. Some auxiliary provisions
              will, therefore, it is presumed, be requisite; but these it is hoped can be made
              consistently with a due regard to the convenience of our citizens, who cannot but be
              sensible of the true wisdom of encountering a small present addition to their
              contribution for the public service, to avoid a future accumulation of burthens.


Title: IX, 28 November 1793
From: Randolph, Edmund
To:

              [c.28 November 1793]

            Heads of matter, to be communicated to congress, either in the speech, or by message,
              as collected from the notes of the President, and the other gentlemen.

                advised speech—
                I. The acknowledgment to the people, which the reelection
                  of the President would naturally excite

                add—speech
                II. The proclamation

                do

                1. Referring to the time, when it issued.

                do

                2. Assigning the motives of it to be

                do

                1. to quiet the suspicions of foreign powers;

                do

                2. and to prevent the citizens of the U.S. from hostile
                  conduct.

                3. Accomplishing these ends

                do

                1. by indicating the existing legal state of
                  things:

                do

                2. by admonishing the citizens of the U.S. against the
                  consequences of contraband, and engaging on either side of the war:

                3. but not interfering with the treaty between the U.S.
                  and France.

                III. The measures flowing from, or suggested by, the
                  war.

                1. The French have brought their prizes into our ports in
                  pursuance of the treaty and sold them without prohibition; this being thought a
                  fitter subject for the legislature, than the executive.

                advd speech.

                2. In other respects, the President has formed principles
                  involving the belligerent powers, into a system of rules;

                To be under thehead of
                  Genet

                3. And he has been also compelled to undertake the the
                  compensation for vessels, captured under certain illegal circumstances.

                4. to recommend auxiliary provisions to the legal code and
                     the constitution of our courts concerning war and foreign
                  nations, in the following cases:

                1. To add to the legal code

                advd. speech.

                1. by a more explicit penalty on individuals under the
                  jurisdiction of the U.S., taking part in the war:

                do

                2. by a like penalty on and suppression of all
                  unauthorized preparations within the U.S. for expeditions and enterprizes upon any
                  belligerent party.

                do

                3. by saying, whether the civil or military power shall
                  liberate the property of American citizens, or that of peaceable nations, unjustly
                  taken, and brought into our ports:

                doTo be referred
                  to the head of Genet.

                4. by saying, whether the civil or military power shall
                  interpose, in case of the violation of the protection of the U.S. on the rivers or
                  sea; submitting it at the same time to congress, whether it be better to rest the
                  jurisdictional claim of the U.S. into the sea, as it stands, or to assert by law a
                  particular distance into the sea.

                advd speech.

                5. by a particular penalty against the consuls of foreign
                  nations, opening courts in the U.S.

                advd speech.

                6. and in general, by fixing penalties, and establishing
                    internal coercion, against such violations of the law of
                  nations, as circumstances may from time to time produce.

                advd speech

                2. To add to the constitution of the courts, by vesting
                  them with power to aid the executive in cases of capture

                5. to provide means of defence, and of enforcing our
                  national rights, against foreign nations,

                advd speech.

                1. by furnishing arsenals with arms, &c. in addition
                  to those already in the public stores:

                advd speech.

                2. by providing means for maintaining the jurisdiction of
                  the U.S. on its waters

                advd speech.

                3. by establishing corps of efficient militia: and

                To be examined by the
                  constitution and touched in a general way

                4. by the creation of a military academy.

                IV. To represent the situation of the U.S. with respect to
                  foreign powers

                General allusion in the
                  speech—To go by message.

                1. To France

                advd

                1. The claim whatever it is of the guarantee.

                advd—two messages one to
                  Senate the other to house of reps

                2. The propositions concerning trade; and

                advd

                3. Mr Genet’s conduct, including the notification of a
                  reimbursement out of the French debt, for the compensation, stipulated on certain
                  captures.

                2. To Great-Britain

                advd

                1. The inexecution of the treaty as to the Western
                    posts.

                advd

                2. The interception of our provisions, under the
                  additional instructions of the King, and vexations of commerce

                3. To Spain

                advd

                1. The negotiation as to territory, and the
                  Mississippi

                advd

                2. The protection of the Southern Indi⟨ans⟩qu:
                  convention for giving up fugitives.

                4. To the Barbary States.

                Suspended till the
                  close of the year

                {

                1. The state of the treaty with them.

                2. The impediments in ransoming the year American
                  prisoners at Algiers.

                V. To lay before congress the following fiscal
                  matters:

                advd speech

                1. The completion of the accounts between the U.S. and
                  individual states.

                advd speech.

                2. The prolongation of the Dutch instalment by way of
                  loan; and the terms.

                3. The pecuniary arrangement, which are necessary; to
                  wit:

                advd speech

                1. a moderate addition to the revenues.

                do

                2. a supply to the sinking fund.

                do

                3. a provision for a second instalment, due to the bank of
                  the U.S.

                que:

                4. a provision for the interest on the unsubscribed debt,
                  during the present year.

                do

                5. The expence attending the military repairs made, and
                  the purchase of warlike stores—

                do

                6. The expediency of taking off the tax on
                  News-papers.

                VI. To communicate Indian affairs.

                advd speech.

                1. The failure of the treaty with the Western
                  Indians

                advd speech

                2. The progress of the expedition under General
                  Wayne.

                advd speech

                3. The situation of the Southern Indians, as connected
                  with the frontiers of Georgia, and the South Western territory, so far as it may
                  not have been detailed under the head of Spain.

                advd speech.

                4. The expediency of carrying on trade with the Indians on
                  public ground.

                VII. Miscellanea, not reducible under any of the preceding
                    heads.

                advd message.
                {
                1. State of the cessions of light-houses.

                2. The propriety of having a commissary, who may receive,
                  issue, and account for, all public stores.

                3. The act of the legislature of the SouthWestern
                  territory.


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 18 November 1793
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

            Treasury Deparmt Novemr 18. 1793

          The Secretary of the Treasury respectfully submits to the consideration of the
            President of the United States, a communication from the Commissioner of the revenue of
            the 6th instant, transmitting two proposals respecting the masons work for repairing the
            Tybee Lighthouse in Georgia.
          From the measures, which have been taken, it appears improbable that better terms are
            obtainable, and from such means, as are possessed, of judging, there is no reason to
            conclude that they are not reasonable. Under these circumstances, and considering the
            distance, it is submitted, as the opinion of the Secy, expedient to close with the
            proposal of John Armour.

            A. Hamilton.


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 19 November 1793
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

            Treasury Departmt Novr 19. 1793.

          The Secretary of the Treasury respectfully submits to the consideration of the
            President of the United States a letter from the Commissioner of the revenue of the 15
            instant, transmitting two proposals respecting the Carpenters work of the Tybee
            Lighthouse in Georgia.
          The Secretary agrees in sentiment with the Commissioner of the revenue that it is for
            the interest of the United States to close with the second proposal of Adrianus van
              Denne.

            A. Hamilton


Title: To George Washington from John Marsden Pintard, 20 November 1793
From: Pintard, John Marsden
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Madeira 20th November 1793

          Mr Lear under date of the 20th of August last desiers me to Ship for you two pipes of
            wine by the first opportunity that would Sail from this port for Philadelphia after the
            Receipt of His letter. He Requests me also to address my letters to you as he was about
            leaving your family in a few weeks after the date of his Letter to form a Commercial
            Establishment at the new City of Washington on the Potomack. In consequence of which I
            now have the Honor to Inform you that By this Conveance the Sloop Lively Capt. Stephen
            Moore I have Shiped two pipes of choice old wine for you to the address of Mr Joseph
            Sims of Philadelphia amounting to £76 Sterling as per Invoice herewith enclosed. which I
            wish Safe to hand and to your liking. The American Ship
            John of Boston Sailed from this a few days ago for India. I shiped by
            her to the Care of Mr Benjamine Joy owner & Passenger on board a pipe of very choice
            old wine with directions to him to Ship it to the Care of thomas Russell of Boston from
            India It amounts to £40 Sterling being Cased as per Invoice enclosed. the freight to Boston will be £15 Str. I have desired Mr
            Russell to Hold it at your disposall if you think proper to take If not He has my
            directions How to dispose of it. If you Conclude on taking it you will be So obliging as
            to Settle with Mr Joseph Sims for the amount thereof as well as the amount of the two
            pipes I now Ship you by the Sloop Lively. Should you not think proper to take the pipe
            that is gone to India you will be So obliging as to Inform Mr Russell So that he may
            otherwise dispose of it as I have directed him Mrs Pintard  begs her Best Respects May be presented to you and Mrs
            Washington and I have the Honor to be with profound Respect Sir Your Most obedient and
            very Humble Sert

            John M. Pintard


Title: Record of Cabinet Opinions, 22 November 1793
From: Cabinet
To: Washington, George

            [22 November 1793]

          At sundry meetings of the heads of departments & Attorney General from the 1st to
            the 21st of Nov. 1793. at the President’s several matters were agreed upon as stated in
            the following letters from the Secretary of state. to wit.
          Nov. 8. Circular letter to the
            representatives of France, Gr. Brit. Spain & the U. Netherlands, fixing provisorily
            the extent of our jurisdiction into the sea at a sea-league.
          10. Circular do to the district attornies,
            notifying the same, & committing to them the taking depositions in those cases. same date. Circular to the foreign representatives,
            notifying how depositions are to be taken in those cases.

          the substance of the preceding letters were agreed to by
            all, & the rough draughts were submitted to them & approved.
          Nov. 14. to mister Hammond, that the
            U.S. are not bound to restore the Roehampton. this was
            agreed by all, the rough draught was submitted to & approved by Colo. Hamilton &
            mister Randolph. Genl Knox was absent on a visit to Trenton.
          10. letters to mister
            Genet & Hammond, & the 14. to mister Hollingsworth for taking depositions in the
            cases of the Coningham & Pilgrim.
          15. do to Genet, Hammond
            & mister Rawle for depositions in the case of the William.
          14. do to Hollingsworth
            to ascertain whether mister Moissonier had passed sentence on the Roehampton &
              Pilgrim.
            these last mentd letters of the 10th 14th & 15th were as to their substance
            agreed on by all, the draughts were only communicated to mister Randolph and approved by
            him.
          Nov. 13. to mister Hammond. enquiry
            when we shall have an answer on the inexecution of the treaty. the substance agreed by all. the letter was sent off without
            communication, none of the Gentlemen being at Germantown.
          22. to mister Genet.
            returning the commissions of Pennevert & Chervi because not addressed to the
            Presiden. same date. to do enquiring whether the Lovely lass, Prince William Henry
            & Jane of Dublin have been given up, and if not, requiring that they be now restored
            to owners. these were agreed to by all as to their matter, and the letters
            themselves were submitted before they were sent to the President, the Secretary of War
            & the Attorney General, the Secretary of the treasury absent.
            same date. to mister Gore for authentic evidence of Dannery’s protest on the
            President’s revocation of Duplaine’s Exequatur. the
            substance agreed to by all. the letter sent off before communication.

            Th: Jefferson
            H. Knox
            Edm: Randolph
            Alexandr Hamilton


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Jefferson, 22 November 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Jefferson, Thomas

            Dear Sir,
            22d Novr 1793.

          I think Colo. Humphrey’s in one of his letters to you, refers to his to me, for some
            article of News. I see nothing therein that we have not had before; but send it
            nevertheless, for your perusal.
          Can any thing be said, or done, respecting the Marquis de la Fayette? I send the letter
            that you may give it another perusal. I send a letter
            also from a French Gentleman in New York offering his Services as Engineer &ca. We may want such characters! A civil answer therefore may
            not be amiss to give him, although he cannot be employed now, nor
            never indeed  he is well qualified.
          Are resignations deposited in the Office of State? If they are I send one just
              received. Yours always

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 22 November 1793
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Philadelphia 22 Nov. 1793

          General Stewart declines the office of Inspector He says he would have done the same by
            the naval office, and that he was induced to make the application to please his father
            in Law; but that he intended this day to have come to me to withdraw it, as his
            commercial prospects are exceedingly Good—At the same time he is grateful for the
              offer.
          I submit a letter from Ensign John Morgan being another speciman of his indecorum. In
            this he objects to the proceedings of the Court Martial which have been received, as not
            being “the original proceedings” of the Court. I submit this letter to-day in order that
            if you should judge proper that the validity of those objections may be considered to
              morrow. I have the honor to be sir with the highest
            respect your humble Servt

            H. Knox


Title: To George Washington from Frances Bassett Washington, 22 November 1793
From: Washington, Frances Bassett
To: Washington, George

            Dear & honord Sir
            Mount Vernon November 22d 1793

          My Aunt expecting soon to receive a summons to attend you in Philadelphia, I take the liberty by her hand to offer a request to your
            consideration, one however which I almost fear all the friendship you have shewn me,
            will not justify me in making but confiding as I do, in your judgement & in your
            kindness, I trust you will tell me, if you think me wrong, & rather ascribe my
            errors to inexperience than to a wilful intention of acting imprudently—I must also
            assure you, that however you may think proper to decide, I shall most chearfully
            acquiese in your opinion—the request which I beg leave to make is, that while the
            repairs are making to your house in Alexandria (which you have been so good as to offer
            me for a habitation) the roof may be taken off, & another story
            added, this I hope will not increase the expence considerably, & woud afford me
            exactly the accommodation I most wish for—my circumstances I am very certain will not
            justify me in anything more than a very moderate stile of living, & I hope I have
            considerd nothing more in my ideas of settling myself—to retain a few of the
            indulgencies I have been accustomd to, & to give my Children good educations is all
            that I wish—with devout prayers to the bestower of all blessings, long to continue to
            you health & happiness, I subscribe myself, dear Sir, your grateful &
            affectionate

            Frances Washington


Title: From George Washington to Richard Chichester, 23 November 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Chichester, Richard

            Dear Sir,
            German Town [Pa.] 23th Novr 1793.

          On the 21st instt I was favored with your letter of the 10th.
          I am very sorry that so trivial a matter as that related in it, should have given you
            one moments pain. There must have been some misconception on the part of Colo. Burgess
            Ball if he understood that I had been informed it was you, who had killed my English
            Buck; for no such information that I can recollect ever was given to me. I had heard
            before the rect of your letter but how, is more like a dream than reality, that that
            particular Deer was killed on Ravensworth. Nor did I ever suppose that you would have
            been so unneighbourly as to kill any of my Deer knowing them to be such; but as they had
            broke out of the Paddock in wch they had been confined & were going at large—and
            besides consisted as well of Country as English Deer I wished to protect them as much as
            I was able and upon that principle, and that alone, declined giving the permission you
            asked to hunt some of my Woods adjoining to yours—knowing that they did not confine
            themselves within my exterior fences—and moreover that, when Hounds are in pursuit no
            person could distinguish them from the wild Deer of the Forest. I thank yo. for yr kind wishes—& am sorry to hear you are
            in such bad health yourself & sincerely wish you may be restored to that which is
            good—My Compliments to Your Lady & Mrs McCarty
            & I am Dr Sir Yr Obedt Hble Servt

            G. W——n


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 23 November 1793
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

              November 23d 1793.

            The Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President. He regrets
              extremely that the state of his health does not permit him to attend the President
              today. He has the honor to enclose a report on two of the letters to Mr Genet, &
              would have embraced the third respecting the protested bills, if it had been in his
                power. But no inconvenience can in this case ensue,
              as the supposed mistake with regard to the funds already promised has been adjusted,
              and the enclosed report embraces and answers the question of advance upon a future
              fund. The report would have been more full & precise, if my situation had
              permitted, but my frame is so disordered as almost to unfit me for business.


Title: To George Washington from David Humphreys, 23 November 1793
From: Humphreys, David
To: Washington, George

          (Secret & confidential)
          My dear Sir.Alicant [Spain] Novr 23d
              1793.
          By my letter of the 19th to the Secry of State, &
            particularly by that of this date to him (of which I forward Duplicates) you will find
            that the Dey of Algiers has refused to grant a Passport for me to come to Algiers. All hopes of any accomodation by negotiation for the
            present are therefore at an end. To use the Dey’s own expression, “he
            would not treat with us, even if we were to lavish Millions.”
          It seems unfortunate that my full Powers had not arrived at the time, or soon after,
            the notice did of their being in preparation, in order that an experiment of treating
            might have been made before these late innovations had taken place at Algiers: but it
            was exceedingly fortunate, arriving when they did, that I was obliged by the
            Instructions of the Secretary of State to go to Gibralter to settle Mr Barclay’s
            accounts —otherwise the property of the U.S. now with
            us would in all probability have been lost, & other disagreeable consequences might
            possibly have ensued.
          It is now some consolation, that the money is at hand, to be applied (at least a part
            of it) to the immediate cloathing & comfort of our naked & distressed Countrymen
            who are in captivity. I hope & trust that my arrangements herein (which will be more
            fully explained in my next letter to the Secry of State) will meet with your
              approbation; and that I may have the satisfacton of
            knowing that to be the case—That circumstance, in addition to the consciousness of
            having attempted to do my duty, will be the only compensation I can ever receive for no
            small portion of fatigue, anxiety & distress, that I have experienced in the course
            of this business.
          When I arrive at Madrid, I shall disclose the whole state of affairs to Mr Carmichael
            & Mr Short, and shall be influenced very much by their advice in respect to the
            ulterior measures which ought to be pursued. I need not mention to you, my dear &
            most respected General, that a naval force has now (to a certain degree) become
            indispensable; or that the future reputation of the U.S. in Europe & Africa will
            depend very much, & for a very great length of time, on the success of our fleet at
            its very first appearance on the Ocean. For this effect, it will not, I am confident,
            escape your recollection that the whole Nation ought, from every sentiment of
            patriotism, liberty & humanity, to be roused into exertion, as one Man. Whether, in the midst of such an afflicting national calamity,
            the resources of Religion ought not to be called into our aid, by setting apart a day of
            solemn fasting & prayer, throughout the U.S., to implore the blessing of Heaven on
            our arms, and for the liberation of our fellow Citizens from Slavery, you can best
            determine.

          It will doubtless be thought expedient to publish some Proclamation, Manifesto, or
            Statement of facts—Forcible truths set home to men’s feelings are apt to have an effect.
            It is time to awaken mankind from the Lethargy of Ages.
          How far considerable preparations can be made for offensive war, under a public idea of
            only furnishing convoys to our merchantmen, I do not know—but this would probably be the
            only way by which we could hope to catch some of the Corsairs seperated, & perhaps
            out of the Mediterranean. I will not be remiss in my endeavours to make combinations
            with any Nation in similar circumstances, & to keep you informed of the result.
            Adieu, my dear General, and believe me, in offering my best respect to Mrs Washington
            and our friends. Your most affe and devoted Servant

            D. Humphreys

            P.S. I leave the discussion of the policy & agency which brought about those
              inauspicious truces to a more convenient occasion.
            This ought to be the time (& I hope to God it will) for extinguishing all the
              little affects of party spirit among ourselves.

            D.H.


Title: From George Washington to Alexander White, 23 November 1793
From: Washington, George
To: White, Alexander

            Sir,
            Germantown [Pa.] 23d Novemr ’93.

          The advantages which result from a state of peace & amity (preserved upon
            respectable conditions) with all nations—and particularly when applied to our Country,
            yet in its infancy, are too striking to need elucidation; & such as must be obvious
            to the least accurate enquiry into the subject.
          To secure these advantages to the United States, it was thought expedient to pursue a
            friendly & impartial conduct towards the belligerent powers; & with a view to
            this object, and to the advancement of the prosperity of these States, the proclamation
            declaring the actual state of things was thought right & accordingly issued—and I am
            pleased to find the measure approved by the enlightened Citizens of Frederick
              County.
          I cherish a grateful recollection of the distinguished services rendered to our Country
            by the French Nation, & unite my wishes to those of my Fellow Citizens of Frederick,
            that it may establish a Government for itself upon those principles, which are best
            calculated to make it happy.
          If in the discharge of the duties attendant on the trust committed to me by my Fellow
            Citizens, my conduct should meet their approbation, it will be my highest glory—& I
            am happy to have it approved by the Citizens of Frederick County.

            Go. Washington


Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 24 November 1793
From: Clinton, George
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            New York 24th November 1793

          I have recently received a Letter from the Secretary of War dated the 12th and also
            another dated the 13th Instant in Answer to mine of the
            8th of September last.
          On recurring to my Correspondence with the Minister of France a Copy of which was
            enclosed in that letter it will appear that my Object was to procure the departure of
            the privateers Petit Democrat and Carmagnole Agreeably to your decision communicated to
            me in a letter from the Secretary of War dated the 16th of August; but as it was mentioned to be your desire that forcible
            Measures Should not be resorted to until every other effort had been tried, I thought it
            proper to Submit to your Consideration the Measure proposed by the French Minister—In
            the interim the Petit Democrat departed from this harbour without any Augmentation of
            her Military equippments So far as my knowledge extends. The Carmagnole Still remains
            here, And it Seems is the Vessel to which my letter of the 15th refers. I now transmit a
            Second letter which I have written to the French Minister on this Subject And his
              Answer, And have only to request to be informed
            whether Any farther interferences on my part is expected.
          As I Shall in a Short time Set out for Albany to Attend the Meeting of our Legislature
            I take this opportunity of Apprising You of it in Order that if any Arrangements are
            thought Necessary which may require my personal Attention they may be concerted before
            my departure, As it is Uncertain whether I Shall return to this City before Spring. I am
            with Sentiments of the highest Respect Your most Obedient Servant

            Geo. Clinton