Title: To George Washington from Jotham Loring, May 1781
From: Loring, Jotham
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Boston May 1781

                        I have been honoured with your Excellencys letter of the 6th of April containing a refusal to grant me a new
                            Trial and the reasons of such refusals.
                        I may be thought perhaps extremely pressing in continuing my applications to your Excellency on the subject
                            of my affairs—That I am pressing I readily confess, but at the same time hope, that I am not more so than my distressed
                            situation demands. Your Excellency will be pleased to remember, that I now stand convicted of no less a crime, than that
                            of defrauding my brother soldiers of their bread—This is but another name for Stealing, and Stealing is a crime, that not
                            only damns my character as an officer, but in civil life must denominate me a felon. Conscious
                            of my own innocence should I fail to make use of every exertion to acquit myself of this crime I should be guilty of
                            another of a deeper dye, than even that of stealing bread from the faithful soldiers. This failure would at once render me
                            an accessary to the murder of my own reputation. The object of my applications to your Excellency is every thing, that can
                            make life eligible. A good name is too sacredly valuable not to be most religiously defended.
                        That the proceedings of the court "were fair and regular" I will not pretend to deny: I am happy to believe
                            them so, especially as such belief is correspondent to your Excellency’s opinion, “were well supported by the "evidence
                            adduced on the tryall" I am as little disposed to deny or even entertain a doubt. Otherwise the gentlemen, who composed it
                            must have been guilty of a crime, blacker than that of perjury—a crime which could arise but from a bosom devoid of every
                            sentiment of honor or humanity. They must be doubly happy—They must not only possess a consciousness of a rectitude of conduct; but have met with
                            the approbation of your Excellency.
                        Your Excellency observes, that you "have perused the proceedings of the Court together with whatever papers
                            might throw light upon the subject" but still are of opinion, that a new trial cannot be granted; not because "no further light is thrown upon the subject" but for certain other reasons, which with your
                            Excellencys indulgence I shall attempt to answer.
                        True it is "when called upon by the Court and asked whether I had any further evidence I answered explicitly
                            No; and did not at that time, in the whole course of the tryal or in my written defence give the most distant hints, that
                            I lacked any essential witness." I was so unfortunate as to be exceedingly misunderstood, If I was supposed to suggest,
                            that no other evidence could at any time be produced of my innocence. Unhappily for me at that time I had no more. A tryal was ordered—when the evidence could have been procured, which I since have been able to
                            obtain was at that period a matter of uncertainty. Besides I felt myself injured—my character wounded—I urged a tryal
                            confiding not so much on witnesses to the innocency of my intentions and the uprightness of my conduct for defence, as on
                            a consciousness of their existence. A knowledge of ones own integrity ever gives such confidence to the accused, as
                            frequently to occasion a want of exertion to procure the evidences of it, that are necessary to convince the minds of
                            others, and this leads to dangerous security. This was my situation at the beginning and through the whole course of the
                            tryal.
                        Feeling no lack of innocence, till after judgment "I never gave the most distant hint that I lacked any
                            evidence of it." If I since have been able to obtain evidences of the groundlessness of the charges exhibited, shall a new
                            tryal be ordered that the integrity of an unfortunate man may appear?
                        I am answered by your Excellency in the negative "because it is impossible to convene the same Court again,
                            and because no determination can ever be final, if months after the sentence is passed and approved a cashiered officer
                            under the plea of fresh evidence, which in the whole course of the tryal was never hinted at can by demanding a new tryal
                            take the chance of a second decision by a Court composed of officers different from the first; for if this is granted in
                            one instance it can be refused in none. And because "A practice of this kind would not only involve the officers of the
                            Army in unnecessary and irksome duty, but the public in great unnecessary and probably very frequent expences; for a
                            cashiered Officer having nothing worse to fear and a chance of gaining will not be very saving of public expence. And it
                            is impossible to judge of the force of his evidence by the ex parte depositions, that may be
                            brought to favour his request."
                        The depositions I presented with my petition for a new tryal I flatter myself will not be viewed in the light
                            of ex parte evidence, since your Excellency has the proceedings of the Court and can compare
                            the evidence with them. And it is to be supposed that my prosecutors adduced all their evidence to support the charges
                            exhibited against me. Every presumption will surely be made in favour of innocence. If then evidence can be brought to
                            prove the falsity of these charges, and explain the evidence adduced to support them, which could not or at least was not
                            had at the tryal, it can I conceive no more be denominated ex parte evidence, in the
                            appropriate sense of the words, than all other evidence brought to prove a persons innocence.
                        If then the evidence is not to be considered of the ex parte kind, but as fair and
                            impartial, I wish to know whether it be sufficient to prove my innocency. I conceive that it is so in the opinion of your
                            Excellency, for every reason given for not granting the prayer of my petition is founded on the inconveniency of the measure merely, without a single suggestion of a want of sufficient evidence to refute the
                            charges. The protection not the ruin of an innocent man, seems to be the object of social life. If this
                            cannot be effected without bring a greater degree of trouble and distress upon society, than will be
                            occasioned by the ruin of one of its honest members, perhaps a Government might be justified in making him a sacrifice to
                            the general good. This is a hard and painful situation. And is it is necessary that this should be mine? Your Excellency will
                            forgive me when I say, I conceive it cannot. It is true "The same Court cannot be convened again." And is it necessary? If
                            the cause was to be tried again without adducing new evidence then most undoubtedly their ought to be the same Court,
                            otherwise one Court might impeach the doings of another, and thus introduce jars discords, and confusions, but it quite
                            otherwise when new facts are to be disclosed, for here the judgment of a latter Court can be no impeachment of that of a
                            former: therefore no inconveniences I conceive will arise from appointing members on a second Court, other than those on
                            the first.
                        Your Excellency observes "that no determination can be final" if the prayer of my petition is granted" for if
                            a new tryal is granted in one instance it can be refused in none." The granting a new tryal, at least in the present case
                            lies with your Excellency and you are to judge whether the reasons offered, why a new one should be granted are
                            sufficient. It may be enquired then whether there can be any instance where such such sufficient reason may be offered "after a
                            sentence is passed and approved?" Give me leave to state an instance to your Excellency—Suppose a complaint is exhibited
                            against an Officer for malfeasance. Every witness to support the complaint perjures himself—The Court sentences the
                            officer to be cashiered. Your Excellency approves the sentence. The perjury is afterwards proved and the innocency of the
                            cashiered officer made abundantly to appear—He petitions for a new tryal—Surely in this instance it would be extremely
                            hard, that an innocent officer and perhaps a faithful servant of his Country should be disgraced and beggared by the
                            abominable business of his enemies, when it might be in the power of your Excellency to restore him to the confidence and
                            wished for service of his Country. And I cannot conceive that it would follow, though this detection be made "some months
                            after the Sentence be passed and approved" that because a new tryal might be granted in this instance, "that it could be
                            refused in none." If a judgment is erroneous and can be proved soon a new tryal; and your Excellency is convinced of this
                            evidence produced when the petition for a rehearing is offered, should your Excellency grant the prayer of the petition in
                            this instance, I cannot conceive, that you can be held to grant the similar request of all, if no such sufficient evidence
                            is offered to convince you of your petitioners innocence. If then your Excellency should be of opinion from the evidence I
                            have offered you, that the judgment is erroneous tho "well supported by the evidence adduced on the
                            tryal" should a new tryal be granted me, I cannot conceive that any inconveniences will arise from the
                            measure.
                        Should these observations which I have taken the liberty to make to your Excellency be considered as just,
                            the last reason for denying my request is already answered. If it does not follow that by granting my request for a new
                            tryal your Excellency will be obliged to grant one on every application, then there may be a sufficient check to a
                            "practice of this kind" which I readily agree "would not only" involve the officers of the army in unnecessary and irksome
                            duty, but the public in great unnecessary and probably very frequent expences."
                        Your Excellency will pardon I hope the liberty I have taken in answering Your letter—To the justice of your
                            Excellency I chearfully submit the matter With the most profound respect I am Sir Your most obedient and most humble
                            Servant

                            Jotham Loring


Title: To George Washington from Oliver Phelps, 31 May 1781
From: Phelps, Oliver
To: Washington, George

                            Sir

                                May 1781

                        I am happy that I have it in my power to express my respect for your Excellency, by forwarding a very
                            beautiful Ox to camp; which I have desired the Commissary General to deliver for your Excellencys use. I have the honor to
                            be your Excellency’s most obedient humble servant

                            Oliver Phelps Superdt P’s.


Title: General Orders, 1 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                            Head Quarters New Windsor Friday June 1st 1781
                            Parole
                            Countersigns

                        Commanding officers of regiments and brigades are desired to pay particular attention to prevent the soldiers
                            from injuring their hutts when they quit them and to warn the inhabitants in the vicinity not to meddle with or destroy
                            them.
                        The six companies of Colonel Van Schaick’s regiment at West Point to be ready to move as soon as the Quarter
                            master General has provided Vessels.
                        The Regimental Quarter Master to apply to the Quarter master general to know when the vessels will be ready
                            and at what place.


Title: From George Washington to Bartholomew von Heer, 1 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Heer, Bartholomew von

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor June 1st 1781

                        I have been favored with your Letter of the 25 Inst. together with the several Enclosures, by your Dragoon
                            the day before yesterday— prior business prevented my dispatching him, untill this time.
                        It gives me great pleasure to find by the Papers transmitted in your Letter, that no part of the
                            embarrassment and distresses of your Troop is owing to want of attention or care in you— but on the contrary that you have
                            made use of every proper application & exertion to put your Corps, on a respectable footing for taking the field
                            with reputation to themselves, and a prospect of advantage to the Public. We have only to lament, that the circumstances
                            have been such, as to prevent your efforts from being attended with the desired success.
                        I must confess, I can see no reason why the men of your Troop, if they are considered and credited as part of
                            the Quota of Pennsylvania, should not be entitled to the same pay, depreciation of pay, and all other emoluments, which
                            have been granted to the other Troops raised in that State. As it is certainly reasonable, and highly expedient, I cannot
                            but hope the State, or Congress, upon farther representation, will take up the matter again, and do something effectual to
                            relieve the present wants of the Corps, as well as make a more permanent provision for the Officers & men of it.
                        With respect to remounting your dismounted Dragoons, with tolerably good Horses, I fear there will be almost
                            insuperable obstacles in the way. It is true the Quarter Master General has been ordered long since to purchase Horses to
                            mount the several Corps of Cavalry, but the misfortune is, money has been and still is wanting. All that can be done at
                            present is to direct him to supply the best Horses in his possession, for this service, untill better can be obtained for
                            you, which I sincerely wish may be soon effected, as I consider your Troop of essential utility to the Army— having had
                            ample experience of their fidelity and promptness in executing their duty on every occasion.
                        I will rely upon your zeal & activity to do, every thing that can be done, to put your Corps
                            immediately in as good Order as possible for taking the field, the moment you shall receive Orders to March. I am Sir Your
                            Most Obedient Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from William Livingston, 1 June 1781
From: Livingston, William
To: Washington, George

                            Dear Sir
                            Princeton 1 June 1781

                        I have the Honour to inclose to your Excellency a Resolution of our Legislature desiring me to apply to you
                            for some Ammunition. Lead is not to be purchased in Philadelphia; & tho’ we have employed a person to procure it
                            in Boston, his journey thither & back again will necessarily keep us too long without that essential Article. I
                            have the honour to be with the greatest esteem Dear Sir your most humble Servant

                            Wil: Livingston


Title: To George Washington from Anne-César, chevalier de La Luzerne, 1 June 1781
From: La Luzerne, Anne-César, chevalier de
To: Washington, George

                                Monsieur
                                A Philadelphie le 1er Juin 1781.

                            J’ai reçu la lettre que Votre Excellence m’a fait l’honneur de m’ecrire le 23. du mois passé et celle de
                                M. le Cte de Rochambeau dont elle étoit accompagnée. J’attens avec une extreme impatience la nouvelle de l’arrivée de
                                la division francoise devant New york et personne ne desire plus vivement que moi de la voir sous vos ordres
                                immédiats. J’esperois fermement que vous feriez dans le cas de commander pour ce printems un corps auxiliaire plus
                                considerable. Les causes qui ont empeche l’exécution de ce plan étoient si pressantes et si décisives que je suis Sur
                                que vous les approuverez lorsque j’aurai l’honneur de vous en faire part. J’ai néanmoins été plus peiné que je ne puis
                                vous l’exprimer de ce changement de mesures et mon attachement pour la cause que vous défendez me
                                fait sentir aussi vivement qu’aucun citoyen de l’Amérique tous les délais qui peuvent survenir dans
                                l’assistance que nous desirons de donner aux treize Etats.
                            Je suis très empressé de pouvoir m’entretenir dans une confidence parfaite avec votre
                                Excellence sur ces differents points et je saisirai la premiere occasion qui Se présentera de me
                                rendre à votre armée. En attendant je vais transmettre a M. le Cte de Grasse ce
                                que vous me faites l’honneur de me mander. Soyez persuadé que j’userai Des motifs les plus pressans
                                pour le determiner et je le Serai avec d’autant plus de zele que j’en Sens toute la nécessité. Je fais parvenir à ce
                                général un extrait de votre lettre et rien ne me parois plus propre à donner du poids à la demande que je lui fais.
                            Le Roi m’a chargé, Monsieur, d’informer le Congres qu’il lui accorde un Subside gratuit pour l’aider à
                                faire les plus grands efforts pendant le cours de cette campagne. Ce Subside montant a Six millions de livres Tournois
                                doit être employé à acheter des armes, des munitions et des habits et l’intention du Roi est que le surplus soit à la
                                disposition du Congres. Je n’ai pas été instruit de ce qui pourra former le montant de ce surplus. Mais en attendant
                                des instructions ultérieures il est fixé à un million et demi, qui sera employé par le surintendant
                                des finances des treize Etats suivant les directions que vous lui donnerez et d’áprès les arrangemens que vous
                                prendrez avec lui dans la visite qu’il doit vous faire.
                            J’ai informé le Congres et je confie à Votre Excellence que l’Empereur et l’impératrice de russie ont
                                     mediation à la cour de Londres
                                 acceptée. Elle a été egalement  à la cour de Versailles et à celle
                                de madrid. Mais nous avons donné Des reponses propres à laisser au Congres le
                                tems de déterminer s’il lui convient De remettre les interets des treize Etats entre les mains des
                                mediateurs. Dans toutes les suppositions, il est de la plus grande importance
                                que les alliés fassent tous leurs efforts pour chasser l’ennemi De ce Continent
                                et rien ne sera plus propre que les succès des armes confed a preparer Les succès aux
                                négociateurs chargés de la pacification.
                            J’ai l’honneur d’étre avec le plus respectueux attachement Monsieur De Votre
                                Excellence Le Très humble et très obeissant Serviteur

                                le che. de la luzerne

                        TranslationSirPhilada 1st June 1781.
                            I have received the letter which your Excellency did me the honor to write on the 23d of the past month
                                and that of the Count de Rochambeau with which is was accompanied.
                            I wait with extreme impatience the news of the arrival of the French Division before New York and no one
                                can desire more warmly than I do to see it under your immediate command. I hoped most fervently that you would have
                                been this Spring in the command of a more considerable Body of Auxiliaries. The causes which have hindered the
                                execution of that plan have been so urgent and so decisive that I am sure you will approve them after I shall have had
                                the honor of making you acquainted with them. I have nevertheless been much pained that I could not explain to you
                                this change of Measures, and my attachment to the Cause which you defend has made me feel as sensibly as any Citizen
                                of America all the delays which could happen to the assistance which we wish to give to the Thirteen States.
                            I am impressed with the necessity of maintaining a perfect confidence with your Excellency upon these
                                different points and I shall seize the first occasion which presents itself to visit your Army.
                            In the mean time I am going to transmit to Monsr the Count de Grasse what your Excellency did me the honor
                                to write to me about. Be persuaded that I shall use the most pressing motives to determine him, and I shall do it with
                                so much the more Zeal as I feel the necessity of it. I shall transmit to that General an extract of your letter and
                                nothing appears to me more likely to give weight to the demand which I shall make from him.
                            The King has charged me, Sir, to inform Congress that he grants them a gratuitous subsidy to enable them
                                to make the greatest efforts in the course of this Campaign. This subsidy amounting to six Million of Livres Tournois is to be employed in the purchase of Arms Ammunition and Cloathing and it
                                is the intention of the King that the surplus shall be at the disposal of Congress. I have not been instructed as to
                                what will be the exact amount of this surplus, but in the mean time it is fixed at one million and an half which shall
                                be employed by the superintendant of Finances of the thirteen States according to the direction which you shall give
                                him, and after the arrangements which you shall make with him in the Visit which he intends making you.
                            I have informed Congres and I intrust it to your Excellency that the Emperor and the Empress of Russia
                                have offered their mediation to the Court of London, which has accepted it. It has also been equably  Court of Versailles and that of Madrid. But we have given the proper answer to leave to
                                Congress time to determine if it suits them to put the Interests of the thirteen States into the hands of the
                                Mediators. In all suppositions, it is of the greatest importance that the Allies make all their Efforts the drive the
                                enemy from this Continent, and nothing will be more likely than the success of the confederate Arms to make a
                                successful negociation. I have the honor to be &c.

                                de la Luzerne.


Title: To George Washington from Anne-César, chevalier de La Luzerne, 1 June 1781
From: La Luzerne, Anne-César, chevalier de
To: Washington, George

                            Ce 1er Juin 1781

                        Le Chevalier de la Luzerne présente ses respects à Son Excellence et la Supplie de lire
                            la gazette cì-jointe qui donne la nouvelle de l’arrivée du Comte de Grasse à la Martìnique et la nouvelle d’une actìon
                            dans laquelle nõtre flotte paroit avoir eu quelque avãntage. Il suplie Son Excellence après l’avoir lue de la faire passer
                            de sa part à M. du Rochambeau.

                    Le


Title: To George Washington from Richard Peters, 1 June 1781
From: Peters, Richard
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            War Office June 1. 1781

                        The Board have the Honour to transmit a Copy of a Letter from Col. Brodhead referred to them by Congress
                            that your Excellency may be pleased to give your Opinion thereon to enable the Board to report or take any Measures in the
                            first Instance your Means will admit. As to Cloathing for the Troops we have none to supply & on the Subject of
                            Provisions we have repeatedly written both to Virginia & Maryland but our Representatives (which we shall again
                                repeat) have been attended with little Success.
                        A paper was left with us signed by a Deserter from our Army expressing a Desire to be received into his
                            Regiment & pardoned & mentioned that he knew of a great Number of Deserters anxious to return to their
                            Corps if Terms of Pardon were offered. We mention this for your Excellency’s Consideration. We have the Hinour to be with
                            great Respect your very obed. Servant

                            Richard Peters By Order

                     Enclosure

                                Sirs,
                                Philada May 30th 1781

                            Having obtained leave from his Excellency the Commander in chief to proceed to this City and represent
                                the State of things in the Western department I take the liberty to lay before you a state of some Circumstances which
                                I humbly apprehend will excite the Attention of Congress.
                            From the best intelligence it is evident that the Enemy are preparing to possess themselves of Fort Pitt
                                and its dependencies and consequently of the Country West of the Alleghany Mountain—General Clark has an Order for the
                                Artillery Corps and all the field Artillery and a considerable detachment from the eighth Pennsylvania and 9th
                                Virginia Regiment. The Maryland Corps is ordered to the Southward, These detachments will render the remaining force
                                inadequate to the defence of a single post and of Course the Inhabitants can expect no protection from them. Besides
                                it is the doubtful whether the well affected or disaffected Inhabitants there are most numerous.
                            The Troops at Fort Pitt and the dependant posts have suffered uncommon hardships from a great Scarcity of
                                Provisions & Clothing which misfortunes they have hitherto born with uncommon fortitude. But it cannot be
                                expected that under such sufferings a proper subordination can much longer be preserved.
                            The British force which it is said is to attack Fort Pitt will proceed from Niagara down the Alleghany
                                River consequently General Clarks expedition to the Westward will by no means cover the principal Settlements west of
                                the Mountains. And the same force with which we are threatened from Niagara may pursue him down the Ohio River unless
                                a sufficient force can be raised to oppose their Success in the Attempt.
                            There is a Number of Delaware Indians at Fort pitt some of whom have been usefull and taken an active
                                part with us I have ordered them a small Allowance of Indian Corn and flour and promised provided they remained firmly
                                in our Interest that they and their families should be supplied with such Articles of Cloathing as might be necessary
                                for them. And I shall be glad to know the pleasure of Congress respecting them.
                            The parties which I have hitherto employed against the Indians are destitute of Paint, Match Coats Shirts
                                and Cloth for Leggings and Breech Clouts and cannot act to advantage untill they are furnished with those Articles.
                            The Non Commissioned Officers and Soldiers of the 8th Pensa Regiment and the Maryland independent Corps
                                are entirely destitute of Shirts and other Cloathing and the Shoes of all the Troops are worn out.
                            The Western district under its present Circumstances will doubtless fall into the hands of the Enemy
                                should they march a considerable force against it and the regaining it must be attended with a great expence of blood
                                and Treasure.
                            I have taken the liberty to mention a few facts and should your Excellency think proper to ask any
                                questions of me relative to them—I shall esteem it a happiness to give you my clearest sentiments upon a Subject which
                                I conceive is of the utmost Consequence to the United States. I have the Honor to be with perfect respect your
                                Excellency’s most obed. Servt

                                Daniel Brodhead
                                Col. commandg W.D.


Title: To George Washington from Peter Van Rensselaer, 1 June 1781
From: Van Rensselaer, Peter
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Albany 1st June 1781

                        I am honoured with your Excellencies favour of the 14th Ultimo, the Ammunition directed General Knox to send
                            to this place is come to hand, your Excellency may rely on my Utmost Economy in the expenditure; heretofore I have been
                            used to Issue only on an order of the Officer commanding this post, & for the future I will Strictly observe that
                            no stores are to be delivered but upon an order of the Continental Officer commanding at this place.
                        The Inclosed is my Return for the month of May. I have the Honour to be Most respectfully Your Excellencies
                            Most Obedient Servant

                            P. Van Rensselaer
                            Public Storekeeper


Title: To George Washington from Jeduthan Baldwin, 2 June 1781
From: Baldwin, Jeduthan
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            New Windsor June 2d 1781

                        At the begining of the War, on the 20th of May 1775, I entered the Service of the United States as an
                            Engineer.
                        On the 26th of April 1776, the Honble the Congress in consequence of merit, appointed me Lieut. Colo. of
                            Engineers, on the Continental Establishment. On the third of Septr 1776, the Honble the Congress Appointed me Colo. of
                            Engineers & I have their Commission accordingly & have continued in their service to this time.
                        From the first of my entering the Service as Enginr in—75 I usually had a number of Artificers under my
                            direction, & by your Excellencys order the 29 of July 1778 I took Command of the Artificers in the Q. M. Genl
                            department, & since they have been incorporated. I recd the Command of the Regt but have received neither pay or
                            Subsis. as Commandant of the Corps of Artificers. But have Recd pay, Subsistance, & other benefits as Colo. of
                            Engineers.
                        I have ever been diffident of my own Abilitys, but am conscious of having done my duty to the best of my
                            Capasity. As a new Arrangement takes place in the Army. The Regt of Artificers Reformed, and the United States have in
                            their Service a Number of Able Engineers. This is to request leave to Retire with the Benefits allowed by the Honble the
                            Congress to the reduced Officers of the Army the first of January 1781. I am with Sentiments of Respect & Esteem
                            your Excellencys Obedient Very Humble Servt

                            Jeduthun Baldwin


Title: From George Washington to William Greene, 2 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, William

                            Sir,
                            New Windsor 2d June 1781

                        There are certain heavy cannon in the State of Rhode Island, which are exceedingly wanted in the proposed
                            operations of the campaign. These have been returned as belonging to the Continent, but it is said some of them are
                            claimed as the property of the State. Your Excellency can determine this matter, and if they are proven the property of
                            the State I must request the loan of as many as will make up the number eight of those which are not disputed, if there
                            are any of that discription, if not, the whole of the above number.
                        The importance of the object in view, and the apparent probability of success, will, I am persuaded, induce
                            the State of Rhode Island to comply with this request, especially when it shall be considered that our non success may be
                            attributed to with holding the means in our own possession.
                        Major Perkins of the artillery, who is at Providence, will receive the cannon and superintend the
                            transportation of them to camp. The situation of the Quarter Master General’s department, for want of money, will probably
                            oblige him to apply to the State for assistance, which I hope will be given to him, to ensure the transportation of these
                            and other articles which Major Perkins will have orders to bring from Rhode Island. I have the honor to be, with the
                            greatest respect, Your Excellency’s Most obed. Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Robert Howe, 2 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

                            Dear Sir,
                            New Windsor June 2d 1781

                        The misterious conduct of the enemy at New York--and their appearance in force (as it is reported to me) at
                            Crown point--with other circumstances unnecessary to detail--renders caution and vigilance extremely necessary at our
                            Posts in the Highlands--I therefore desire that you will not delay a moment after your return to West point & to
                            your command there in obtaining & reporting to me an exact state of the Provision & Water in the different
                            Redoubt-- that you will see each of them, especially those wch are most remote & difficult to support as well
                            supplied as our means will admit with Provision--and that every precaution is taken to prevent injury & waste of
                            it--which I am told is by no means the case at present.
                        It will also be necessary to have Troops assigned to each work and your disposition for the defence of them
                            so perfectly made as that no confusion or delay may ensue in case of a sudden call--In doing this let there be as little
                            seperation of Corps, and of Men from their Officers, as the nature of the case will admit. The security of the Magazine is
                            an object which requires much care & industry & I recommend it accordingly to your closest attention while
                            you remain at the Post. I am Dr Sir yr Most Obed. Servt

                            G. W——n

                            P.S. I believe there is a loud call for more cleanliness in and about the Barracks & works
                                & recommend a reformation to your particular attention that the health of the Soldiers may be preserved.
                            G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Huntington, 2 June 1781
From: Huntington, Samuel
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Philadelphia June 2. 1781

                        By the enclosed Order of Congress of the 29th Ulto, I am directed to lay before your Excellency the Letter of
                            the 9th Ulto signed A. Fowler &c with the other Papers referred to, which are herewith enclosed.
                        Col. Broadhead is now in this City. The Complaints of the Inhabitants in the Vicinity of Pittsburgh
                            respecting his Conduct are very great, and his with Respect to them are not small. It seems necessary that due Enquiry be
                            speedily made respecting those Matters and in such Manner as that Justice may be done. I have the Honor to be, with very
                            great Regard Your Excellency’s Most obedient & most humble Servant

                            Sam. Huntington President

                     Enclosure

                                    c. April 1781

                            Personally appeard before me, one of the Justices for the County of Youghiogene & Commonwealth of
                                Virginia, The Subscriber David Tait, a person to me well known & of good Repute, who being duly Sworn on the
                                holy evangelist of Almighty God, deposeth & Saith, That When General Edward Hand made an Excursion into the
                                Indian Country, a great Number of horse-Men Rendezvoused at Pittsburgh on that occasion Which Said horse Men during
                                the time they halted at Pittsburgh were Allowed by the General, to draw Public Forrage. That Mr David Duncan Acted at
                                this time at Pittsburgh as Purchaser, as well as Issuer of Forrage—And that he the Deponant Acted under him as
                                Assistant Issuer of Forrage & was immediately under his Direction, and that he Received orders from the Said
                                Duncan to Issue Six Quarts of Corn pr day to each horse; but that when he the deponant came to Post up his Orders
                                & enter the Issues in his Book, that he then Receivd Orders from the Said Duncan to Charge Eight quarts
                                instead of Six, which order he the deponant—being Young in office & an assistant to Said Duncan, thought it
                                his duty to Comply with. This deponant further Disposes, that whilst he Acted as an Assistant to Mr David Duncan as
                                Issuer of Forrage, Mr John Johnson a Clerk to the said Duncan, was employd in a Private Room for the Space of three
                                or four days, Copying a Number of Receipts which the Said Duncan had taken as Vouchers for the Payment of Forrage
                                & Counterfeiting the Names of the Signers to the New Receipts & destroying the Originals to which
                                Transaction this deponent was an Eye Wittness & to which he hereunto Subscribes his Name.

                                David Tait

                                 Sworn and Subscribed at Pittsburgh before me this

                                     of April 1781 Edwd Ward

                     Enclosure

                                Sir,
                                Pittsburgh 9th May 1781

                                Beware that Colonel Brodhead may attempt to injure our reputations, for thus doing our duty to
                                ourselves and our Country, by detecting Publick Abuses, and Praying for a redress of Greivances by the removal of a
                                Man from this Command, whom we cannot but consider as a Publick Nusance. We beg leave to declare to your Excellency,
                                that our motives are pure and Disinterested, and that we have no Veiw but one in this
                                Remonstrance—The prosperity of this Country, and the happiness of the Community. Therefore should Colonel Brodhead
                                attempt to reflect on us for what we have done, or to throw any specious, or flimsey veil, over his Conduct, and
                                Connections here, as represented in our remonstrance; we hope and wish an opportunity will be afforded us to confront
                                him with such Evidence as will fully prove to your Excellency, to Congress, and to the World, that the Allegations we
                                have set forth against him, are founded on the most stubborn Facts. We have the honor to be with the greatest
                                veneration and respect, Sir, Your Most Obed. Hmble Servants
                            Devereux SmithA. Fowler

                                John Irwin

                                Tho: Smallman
                                Robert Campbell
                            Edward Ward

                                The Original Depositions and other proofs which Accompanies the Remonstrance to the
                                    President & Council of the State of Penna we make no doubt will come before your Excellency &
                                    Congress. In the meantime we beg leave to trouble your Excellency with a Copy of one of them respecting the
                                    Conduct of our assistant Quarter Master.

                                 Devereux Smith
                                A. Fowler
                                John Irwin
                                Edwd Ward
                                 Tho: Smallman
                                Robert Campbell


Title: From George Washington to Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 2 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 2d June 1781

                        I am honored with your Excellency’s favor of the 28th ulto. I flatter myself the Count de Barras will meet
                            with no interruption upon his passage, as I have reason to think the British Fleet are off the Hook.
                        I have deferred writing to your Excellency, in hopes that I should have been able to have learnt, with
                            certainty, whether there was any thing in the report which General St Clair forwarded to me at Weathersfield, of a further
                            embarkation of Troops and an intention to evacuate New York. By the best information which I have received, I do not find
                            that either is in agitation. A Fleet of Merchantmen will shortly sail for Europe.
                        When at Weathersfiled, I gave your Excellency a sketch of what force I imagined we should be able to bring
                            into the field this Campaign. As my calculation was founded upon probability and not upon any assurances from the States
                            that they would furnish the Men, I beg your Excellency will not consider that Estimate as official or definitive.
                        Your dispatches for His Excellency the Minister were immediately forwarded.
                        The opportunity for the entrance of the expected Convoy is so favorable, that I think there is little danger
                            to be apprehended upon this Coast.
                        General Greene, by letters from him of the 27th of April, was still before Campden in South Carolina. Lord
                            Rawdon had, on the 25th made a vigorous sally with his whole force, in which he only succeeded so far as to oblige General
                            Greene to remove a Mile or two. Our loss on the occasion was 17 killed and 96 wounded. The Enemy confess their loss about
                            200. We took and brought off about 50 prisoners.
                        General Marion and Colo. Lee had reduced one of the enemy’s posts of communciation call’d Fort Watson, in
                            which they took 109 prisoners. If Lord Cornwallis does not march to the relief of his Frontier posts in South Carolina,
                            more of them will probably fall.
                        The enemy remained at Petersburgh in Virginia on the 18th of last month. The Marquis de la Fayette with his
                            detachment lay near them watching their motions. I have the honor to be with the highest Esteem Your Excellency’s Most
                            obedt and Hble Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Elisha Sheldon, 2 June 1781
From: Sheldon, Elisha
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Hartford June 2d 1781

                        Since your Excellency’s Departure from Wethersfield I have been constantly attending the Assembly of this
                            State on the subject of Remounting my Regt. It has laboured in the House till this day, when about an hour ago, they
                            Resolved to raise 210 Horses immediately. To effect this they have ordered a number of State securities to be issued,
                            which are to be paid in Silver and Gold in two years, and bear an annual Interest of 6 pr Cent; these are to be put into
                            the hands of Certain persons whom the Assembly have appointed in the different Counties, who are directed to procure
                            Horses not to exceed 100 Dollars in the price of a Horse The next thing is to procure the sadlery furniture, Cloathing
                            and arms. I have no prospect of getting any of these articles from the State. I have on hand about 100 Saddles which with
                            proper repairs may be fit for service the ensuing Campaign. I have engaged about 100 more at this place, with the prospect
                            of replacing the leather Work, & the remainder I have no doubt can be procured in the Same way. The work can be
                            engaged on public Credit. The Halters are all engaged and making & the Bridles & portmanteaus I trust can
                            be procured in the same terms. Pistols I suppose may be supplied from the public stores at Litchfield, & as for
                            Swords I am at a loss to say when they can be procured, unless the Commy of military Stores can inform your Excellency of
                            a number which he may have on hand. From this acct of the matter your Excellency will readily conclude that an order will
                            be wanting for Stock to effect the purpose of getting the Sadlery furniture.
                        It gives me pain that your Excellency should be troubled with this matter, but real necessity oblige me to
                            address you on the Occasion, & beg that a Quantity of leather may be delivered as speedily as possible for the
                            purpose—With this I trust the Necessary furniture may be speedily prepared, & without it I have no prospect of
                            mounting the Dragoons after the Horses, with such difficulty are obtained. His Excellency Governor Trumbull will afford
                            every assistance in his power.
                        With respect to Cloathing the paymaster of my Regt will wait on your Excellency for any orders which may be
                            necessary.
                        I am sorry to reflect that the whole winter Has passed off & not a single saddle has been repaired
                            for my Regt although they have been lodged at Springfield with the public Artificers ever since we have been in winter
                            Quarters. The fact is they have neither stock nor money on hand, and the public Credit is too low to engage any in that
                            way. I have left Lt Col. Jameson with the Regt & intend with Major Tallmadge, to spend our whole time in receiving
                            the Horses & engaging the Necessary furniture to equip the Regt for the field. When this will be done I cannot
                            pretend to say, as all will depend on the State purchasers, & the Stock which can be issued
                            from the public stores for this purpose. If Tanned leather cannot be issued, raw
                            hides, if immediately ordered on, may be exchanged to effect the purpose. I beg your Excellency’s earliest instructions on
                            those heads, that I may know how far I may engage Stock to the Sadlers in this Quarter. My anxiety to have my Regt as
                            compleatly & as speedily equiped as possible for the field, will induce me to exert myself on the Occasion. I have
                            the Honor to be with the Greatest Regard your Excellency’s most obt most humble servt

                            Elisha Sheldon Colo. L.D.


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Huntington, 3 June 1781
From: Huntington, Samuel
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Philadelphia June 3. 1781

                        Your Excellency’s Letter of the 24th Ulto hath been duly received, previous thereto Congress had adopted the
                            Resolution of the 31st Ulto, recommending to the States of Pennsylvania Maryland & Delaware respectively to raise
                            and equip a Number of Troops. The more immediate Object Congress had in View from this Resolution (Copy of which is
                            enclosed) was to give speedy Assistance to those Parts of Virginia at present invaded, or exposed to Invasion by the Enemy,
                            but the Troops are to be wholly subject to your Direction.
                        I have also herewith enclosed for your Information a Copy of my circular Letter of the first Instant
                            addressed to the several supreme Executives, accompanied with a Request that the Intelligence it contained might not be
                            disclosed at present. Governor Jefferson’s Letter which your Excellency will receive by the same Messenger who will
                            deliver this, will, I presume, give you the latest Intelligence we have received of the Motions of the Enemy in Virginia.
                        Enclosed are Extracts of Letters from Martinique of the 3d & 8th of May announcing the Arrival of the
                            French Fleet under Count de Grasse &c. I have the Honor to be, with the greatest Respect & Esteem Your
                            Excellency’s Most obedient & most humble Servant

                            Sam. Huntington Presidt

                     Enclosure

                            Our numerous & much desired Convoy has at length arrived under Circumstances the most fortunate
                                & flattering.
                            To have a passage from Brest but of 34 Days without losing a single Vessel of the Convoy, to find the
                                Enemy at the Port ready to oppose the Entrance of it, to engage them, force them to fly & then pursue them are
                                Events which cannot but be glorious to the Count de Grass.
                            The active Spirit of our General impells him to the Field. Orders are given for the Embarkation of 40
                                large Cannon 12 Mortars & all the Apparatus for a Seige with all kinds of Ammunition—Nine hundred of the
                                Regiment of — will embarke tomorrow & the rest of the Troops immediately follow. The intended Expedition is
                                against St Lucia where there remains but a Garrison of 1200 Men the Fleet having taken on Board 800
                                to compleat its Compliment. The english Squadron was stationed at that Island to cover & protect it, but our
                                Fleet from a happy Manouvre has deprived them of this Advantage It was expected they would have
                                arrived by the Dominica Channel where the english waited to receive them, but to their great Disappointment they came
                                the contrary Way & drove the English from their Station. Rodney is now at Statia dividing
                                the Spoil of the poor Dutch & Americans & Hood who commanded the english Fleet is gone down to inform
                                him of his Miscarriage and make him tremble for the Fate of his Capture. This Island is garrisoned by 1300 Men under
                                the command of General Vaughan who have fortified the Hill in such a Manner that it is now deemed impregnable. It is
                                expected the lower Town will be set fire to.
                            The Division of Monsr de Barras consisting of 5 ships of the Line with 14
                                Battallions, left this Fleet in the Latitude of the western Islands, destined for America to
                                reinforce the Army on that Station.
                            May 8.
                            Count de Grasse has returned from his Pursuit of the Enemy. It was not consistent with the intended
                                Operations of the Fleet to continue the Chace, from the Difficulty & Delay that would attend the beating up to
                                windward.
                            The Troops destined for the Attack of St Lucia are all embarked, & got under way yesterday evening.
                            They consist of 4000 Men.—The Fleet take their Departure this Morning—May Heaven ensure the Success of
                                this Expedition If abilities as a General & merit as a Man can command it we have nothing to fear for our
                                brave Commander.
                            It is expected that Rodney will soon make his Appearance with his whole Fleet, in Order to attempt the
                                Salvation of St Lucia.

                     Enclosure

                                Sir
                                In Congress June 1st 1781

                            I am directed to inform you that Congress have received undoubted Intelligence, come from their Minister
                                at the court of Versailles and the Minister of France in America by order of his Court, that the Courts of Vienna and
                                Petersburgh have offered their mediation to the belligerent powers for the reestablishment of Peace. That these
                                overtures had been eagerly embraced on the part of Great Britain. That France had declined her full acceptation
                                thereof until the concurrence of her Allies could be obtained for that purpose, at the same time observing that should
                                she again be pressed on this head she would be obliged to enter into a previous plan of negotiation conditionally for
                                herself and allies. That Spain had answered in such manner to the proposals of the mediating powers as to show her
                                eventual acceptance. The intervention of such formidable powers will undoubtedly prove an event the most favourable to
                                these United States, if by a great and timely exertion we sufficiently reduce the force of the Enemy now operating in
                                our country: but should languor and inaction subject us to the contempt of the negociators all the consequences will
                                be chargeable upon ourselves. This is a conjuncture that calls for the most serious consideration of these States.
                                Congress have not a doubt in their minds but that each State in the Union is determined to support the confederacy
                                that has been so solemnly entered into through every difficulty and hand it down unimpaired to their posterity. Under
                                these impressions Congress can with confidence call on their constituents for such exertions as are proportionate to
                                the truly critical situation of our Affairs. the plan of operations for the present campaign having been preconcerted
                                on the principle of obliging the Enemy to abandon their possessions in every part of these States; therefore an
                                unequivocal compliance with the demands heretofore made by Congress for provisions, men, and money, are what we have
                                at present to ask for, should these means be expeditiously and punctually put into our hands, we have the most
                                pleasing prospect of putting a speedy and happy issue to the war by driving the Enemy from their present possessions
                                in every part of these States, but at all events to confine them to the sea coasts in order to give as little room as
                                possible to the Enemy’s claim of uti possidetis which will undoubtedly be most strenuously insisted on by them in the
                                course of the Negotiation. A Claim totally inadmissable on our part. Of Course then nothing should be left unessayed
                                by these states to prevent the embarassment that such a claim must inevitably produce. Of consequence it is become
                                indispensably necessary by our immediate and under providence successful efforts to place ourselves in such a
                                situation as to enable our Negociators to speak a firm and decided language becoming the characters of Ministers of the sovereign
                                and Independent States. we conclude with observing, that from the foregoing communications we are so thoroughly
                                convinced of the most strenuous exertions of every State in the Union to accomplish the great objects herein pointed
                                out that Congress will immediately proceed to carry into full execution their plans adopted for defeating the
                                ambitious views of our Enemies and be prepared to accept of peace upon no other terms than the Independence of the
                                thirteen United States of America in all their parts. By order of Congress

                                Sam. Huntington President


Title: To George Washington from Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, 3 June 1781
From: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de
To: Washington, George

                            My Dear GeneralCamp Betwen Rappaahonock and North Anna June 3d 1781

                        Inclosed you will find the Copy of a letter to General Greene. He at first Had-Requested I would directly
                            write to you, Since which His orders Have Been different, But He directed me to forward you Copies of My official Accounts.
                            So many letters are lost in their Way that I do not Care to Avoid Repetitions. I Heartly wish, My dear General, My Conduct
                            may Be approved of particularly By You. My Circumstances Have Been peculiar, and in this State I Have Some times
                            Experienced Strange disappointements. Two of them the Stores at Charlotte’s Ville, and the delay of the Pensylva
                            Detachement Have given me Much Uneasiness and May Be attended with Bad Consequences. There is great Slowness and Great
                            Carelessness in this part of the world—But the Intentions are good, and the people want to Be Awakened. Your presence, My
                            dear General, would do a Great deal. Should these detachments Be Increased to three or four thousand,
                            and the french Army Come this way, leaving One of our generals at Rhode island and two or three about New York and in the
                            Jersays you Might be on the offensive in this Quarter, and there Could Be a Southern Army in Carolina. Your presence would
                            do Immense good, But I would wish you to Have a large force—General Washington Before He personally appears
                            must Be Strong enough to Hope Success. Adieu, My dear general, With the Highest Respect and Most Tender
                            affection I Have the Honor to be Yours

                            Lafayette

                            If you persist in the idea to Come this Way you may depend upon about 3000 Militia in the field
                                Relieved every two months. your presence will induce them to turn out with great Spirit.


Title: From Tench Tilghman to Timothy Pickering, 3 June 1781
From: Tilghman, Tench
To: Pickering, Timothy

                            Dear Sir
                            Sunday Evening 3 June 1781

                        Duke Lauzun has just arrived here with dispatches which are to be forwarded to Philada but they are too
                            important to be trusted to a common hand. His Excellency wishes you to send one of your department with them. They will be
                            ready by day break if the person calls so soon. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt

                            Tench Tilghman A.D.C.


Title: From George Washington to Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 3 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor June 3d 1781

                        I am sorry to inform you that one of our Messengers has been taken between this place and Morris Town. Among
                            other Dispatches he had that which your Excellency enclosed in yours of the 28th of May for the Minister of France. The
                            Enemy can gain no material information from my Letters and I Shall be happy to hear that they will be disappointed in
                            yours.
                        By Letters of the 24th of May from the Marquis de la Fayette, Lord Cornwallis had formed a junction with
                            General Arnold at Petersburg—and as a number of Transports with Troops had arrived in Hampton Roads, I take it for granted
                            they were the same which sailed from New York the 13th of May. With the most perfect respect I have the honor to be Sir
                            Your Excellency’s Most Obedient Humble Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Caleb Gibbs, 3 June 1781
From: Gibbs, Caleb
To: Washington, George

                                3 June 1781

                        Report of the State of Provisions, water casks &c. in the different works at West Point and its
                            dependencies on the West side of the Hudson River. June 3d 1781

                                Viz.

                                No.

                                1.

                                 7. 3/4 lbs.

                                good provision

                                1.

                                do

                                bad

                                2.

                                Iron bound Hhds

                                no water in them and all

                                4.

                                hhds

                                wanting some repair

                                 4.

                                tierce

                                4.

                                barrells

                                N.B. some of the provision casks leaky.

                                No.

                                2.

                                10.

                                lbs.

                                good provision

                                3

                                do

                                bad

                                5

                                Iron bound hhds

                                no water in them and

                                3.

                                hhds

                                wanting repair

                                 5.

                                tierces

                                7.

                                barrells

                                N.B. some of the provision Cask’s leaky.

                                No.

                                3.

                                7.

                                barrells

                                good provision

                                3

                                Iron bound hhds

                                no water in them and

                                1.

                                do pipe

                                wanting repair

                                4.

                                hhds

                                2.

                                tierces

                                3.

                                barrells

                                N.B. provision Casks in good order.

                                No..

                                4.

                                9. 3/4 barrells

                                good provision

                                6.

                                do

                                bad

                                4.

                                Iron bound hhds

                                no water in them

                                3.

                                tierces

                                and wanting repair

                                4.

                                barrells

                                Fort Willis

                                 8.

                                barrells

                                provision

                                3.

                                Iron bound hhds

                                3.

                                hhds

                                all filld with water

                                1.

                                tierce

                                1.

                                barrell

                                N.B. the provision without pickle and need to be immediately repackd.

                                Fort Webb

                                1.

                                Iron bound hhds

                                half filld with water

                                1.

                                hhds

                                Fort Putnam

                                13.

                                hhds filld with water

                                9.

                                Hhds empty

                                3

                                barrells salt beef

                                15

                                do bread

                                9.

                                do pease

                                1.

                                tierce rum in the magazine of powder

                        Fort Clinton No provision according to the report of the Garrison Commissary.

                            C. Gibbs Majr Comdr
                            2d Mass. Regt


Title: General Orders, 4 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                             Monday June 4th 1781
                            Parole
                            Countersigns

                        Accurate Returns of the number of Recruits joined the different state lines and corps of Artillery to the 1st
                            instant specifying also the number of these returned as unfit for service to be made to the Adjutant General by Thursday
                            next without fail.


Title: From George Washington to Paul-François-Jean-Nicolas, comte de Barras, 4 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Barras, Paul-François-Jean-Nicolas, comte de

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 4th June 1781.

                        I have had the honor of receiving your favor of the 31st of May. His Excellency The Count de Rochambeau
                            transmitted to me the result of the Council of War held on Board the Duke de Burgoyne; and The Duke de Lauzun, who was
                            kind enough to be the bearer of it having informed me that he was authorized by your Excellency and the Count de
                            Rochambeau to enter into a free communication with me upon the subject of the deliberations of the Council, and to request
                            my opinion upon the propriety of their determination. I take the liberty, still to recommend the measure of removing His
                            Majesty’s Fleet to Boston as a port more safe in all possible contingencies than New port can be after the principal part
                            of the French land Force shall be withdrawn: But however as I would not wish to oppose my singl judgment to that of so
                            many Gentlemen of experience, especially as there is a combination of Marine Affairs of which I confess my entire
                            ignorance. I have expressed my wish to The Count de Rochambeau that the matter may be again considered, and have informed
                            him that with such aids as the Council of War may possibly acquire from later intelligences they should still adhere to
                            their opinion that the fleet may safely remain in Newport under the protection of 400 french troops and 1000 Militia, I
                            shall be satisfied. I have furnished the Count with letter to the Governers of Massachusetts and Rhode Island which he
                            will make use of as circumstance may require.
                        I shall be happy to receive a confirmation of the agreeable intelligences brought by Capt. Ledyard.


Title: From George Washington to William Greene, 4 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, William

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 4th June 1781

                        In my letter of the 24th of May from Weathersfield I requested your Excellency to furnish 300 Militia upon
                            the requisition of His Excellency the Count de Rochambeau for the security of the Harbour of Newport— I now confirm that
                            request with this addition that should Brigadier General de Choissy, who will be left in command at Newport, find from
                            any movements of the Enemy, a further number of Men necessary, and call upon your Excellency for them, you will be pleased
                            to comply with his requisition. I have the honor to be &c.


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 4 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 4th June 1781

                        One thousand Militia in addition to four hundred Troops having been deemed necessary to the security of the
                            fleet, in the harbour of Newport, after the departure of the land Forces, I am to request Your Excellency to give orders for
                            Five hundred from the State of Massachusetts to repair to Rhode Island as soon as they shall be demanded by His Excellency
                            the Count de Rochambeau—The State of Rhode Island is to furnish five hundred more. They will be put under the command of Brigadier
                            General de Choissy, who will remain in command at Newport—Should any attempt of the Enemy make an additional number of Men
                            necessary, Monsr de Choissy will call for them and it is my request that his requisition may be complied with. It is
                            uncertain for what time the Militia will be wanted; you will therefore be pleased to have them regularly relieved should
                            the time exceed the Term, which your Law enables you to draw them out for. I have the honor to be With the greatest respect
                            Your Excellencys Most Obedient Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Benjamin Hicks, 4 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Hicks, Benjamin

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 4th June 1781

                        You will proceed to Elizabeth Town in New Jersey and make enquiry, in a way to avoid suspicion, whether a
                            certain patrick Smith of Albany is or has been lately in that neighbourhood, or if he has lately found means to go from
                            thence to New York. If you find him in the neighbourhood of Elizabeth Town you will apprehend him and immediately secure
                            any papers he may have about him or at his lodgings. Should he be gone into New York you will endeavour to find the time
                            of his return and wait for him. Should you apprehend him you will bring him up under a Guard, for which you will apply to
                            Colo. Dayton an officer commanding the Jersey line. If you hear nothing of Smith you will return to this place. I am Sir
                            Yr most obt Servt


Title: To George Washington from Robert Howe, 4 June 1781
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

                            Dear sir
                            West Point 4th June 1781

                        The inclos’d Extract of a letter from Captain Pray to General Paterson will give you the intelligence he sent
                            up, I, as yet, have heard nothing—I am sorry it was not in your Excellency’s power to Honour me with your presence to
                            day. But hope to be favored with it some other time & should be happy to see the Duke when he will do me the Honor
                            and with your Excellency if you think it proper. It is with concern I inform you sir that we have not above half a Days
                            Flour more & not more than six days meat. I am Dear sir with the greatest respect your Excellencys most obt hum.
                            servt

                            Robt Howe

                     Enclosure

                                Extract of a Letter from Capt. Pray

                                3d June 1781

                            We have got in the line of our intelligence again, by which we are inform’d that the day before Yesterday
                                a Fleet sail’d from York. the Report is in York that they are gone to Eastward—Another Fleet is to Sail the 10th
                                Inst., which is the Corck Fleet.
                            The Enemy are hourly in expectation of being Besiege’d in York, as they hear that the French Fleet has
                                arriv’d at Rhode Island—and that our Army is about taking the Field towards Kings Bridge.
                            This we have from a man who was in York yesterday, he inform’d Lieut. Shalor who was down last night
                                below Philip’s House, that he goes and comes when he pleases to York.
                            This person is much depended upon.


Title: From George Washington to Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, 4 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de

                            My dear Marq
                            New Windsor June 4th 1781

                        I have this moment received information that the letters, of which the inclosed are copies, with other
                            dispatches and the Southern Mail, were taken between this and Morris town and carried—it is supposed—into New York—It
                            is unhappy that the communication is so insecure! and that corrispondencies from one part of the Country to another are
                            liable to such accidents!
                        I have received your letters of the 24th Ulto, but cannot, as the Gentn who bears this to Philadelphia is
                            waiting, do more than acknowledge the safe arrival of them except entreating you not to hazard before nor after your
                            junction with General Wayne a General Action unless you have very sure grounds to do it on. No
                                rational person will condemn you for not fighting with the
                            odds against, and while so much is depending on it—but all will censure a rash step if it is not attended with success.
                            adieu I am sincerely & affectionately Yr

                            Go: Washington


Title: From David Humphreys to John Mitchell, 4 June 1781
From: Humphreys, David
To: Mitchell, John

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor June 4th 1781

                        The Duke de Lauzun will set out for New Port, by day break to morrow Morning. His Excellency requests
                            therefore that you will not fail to have as good a Horse as you can procure ready for the Duke by that time at Fish Kill
                            Landing, and also a person with another Horse to attend upon him and bring back the former, As the Duke proposes
                            exchanging Horses at Storms’s or the next stage beyond where he shall be able to do it. If you shall not be able to procure
                            very good Horses (which the General wishes) you will be pleased to provide the best you can, punctually by the time, and
                            send the enclosed Note instantly to Major Keese—(otherwise destroy it). The urgency of the service as well as Civility
                            require attention to the Matter; and I will thank you to be informed by the bearer what may be depended upon that there
                            may be no misapprehension or delay. I am Sir Your Most Obedt Hble Servant

                            D. Humphrys Aide De Camp

                     Enclosure

                                Sir
                                Head Quarters June 4th 1781

                            You will be pleased to provide the best Horse in your power, by daybreak tomorrow Morng for the Duke de
                                Lauzun to ride to Storms’, or the first stage beyond where he can exchange; also a person with another Horse to attend upon him & bring back the former. The Commander in Cheif desires
                                you will not fail on any account whatever. I am Sir Your Hble Servt

                                D. Humphrys Aide De Camp


Title: From George Washington to Robert Morris, 4 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Morris, Robert

                            Dear Sir,
                            New Windsor June 4th 1781

                        The present conveyance is sudden & unexpected. I have only time therefore to acknowledge the receipt
                            of your favors of the 29th Ulto and to assure you, that I felt a most sensible pleasure, when I heard of your acceptance
                            of the late appointment of Congress to regulate the Finances of this Country—My hand & heart shall be with you,
                            and as far as my assistance will, or can go, command it. We have, I am perswaded, but one object in view—the public good—to effect which, I will aid your endeavours to the extent of my abilities, & with all the powers I am vested. I
                            shall be happy in a meeting with you & would have wrote you more fully at this time if the bearer was not waiting
                            I could not however refrain from embracing the fine oppertunity that offered of expressing the pleasure I felt at hearing,
                            from yourself, that you had entered upon the duties of your office, & to assure you with how much truth &
                            sincerety I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt & Aff. Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Richard Peters, 4 June 1781
From: Peters, Richard
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            War Office June 4th 1781

                        We have the Honour to enclose to you a Copy of a Letter we recieved from Genl Hamilton of the Convention
                            Troops which we informed him we had referred to your Determination & that he would probably hear from the Army
                            General of Prisoners what Directions your Excellency may give on the subject on the Arrival of the Convention Officers at
                            the Place of the Destination in Connecticut. We have the Honour to be with the greatest Respect & Esteem your very
                            obedt Servts

                            Richard Peters By Order

                     Enclosure

                                Gentlemen,
                                Deep River North Carolina April 2nd 1781

                            Inclosed is a Resolution of the officers in Captivity belonging to the States of North and South Carolina
                                respecting the alteration of their Uniform. The Board of War will please to take the matter under their consideration
                                and confirm or disapprove of it as they may think adviseable. I have the honor to be &c.

                                Nath. Greene

                     Enclosure

                                Gentlemen,
                                Frederick Town 19 May 1781

                            Some little time ago I received a letter from Mr Commissary Genl Lorin mentioning that he had received
                                His Excellency Genl Sir Henry Clintons Orders to apply for the Exchange of Lieut. Col. Hill of the 9th Regiment and
                                till such time as it was affected directed that I should apply to Col. Wood or whoever superintended the Troops of
                                Convention to procure liberty for Colonel Hill to go to New York on Parole on Account of his Health.
                            I wrote Colonel Wood on this Subject when in Virginia and now that he has returned had renewed my
                                Requests which by his Representation I flatter myself to have a favorable Answer. I have the Honor to be Gentlemn
                                Your most obedt and most humble Servant

                                Jas Hamilton


Title: From George Washington to Timothy Pickering, 4 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Pickering, Timothy

                             Monday Morng 4th June— 1781

                        General Washington presents his Compliments to Colonel Pickering, and requests the favor of his Company at
                            dinner to day—The Duke de Lauzun will dine at Head Quarters.


Title: From George Washington to Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 4 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 4th June 1781

                        I had, last Evening, the honor of receiving your favor of the 31st of May, by the Duke de Lauzun, who informs
                            me, that he is authorised by your Excellency and the Count de Barras to enter into a free communciation with me, upon the
                            subject of the Council of War held on board the Duke de Burgogne, and to request my opinion upon the propriety of their
                            determination.
                        I must confess to your Excellency, that there is weight in the reasons which are offered for the detention of
                            His Majestys Fleet in the Harbour of Newport in preference to its going round to Boston; but as I cannot think that it
                            will be as safe, in all possible cases, in the Harbour of Newport, after the greater part of the French Army has been
                            withdrawn, as it would be in the Harbour of Boston, I must adhere to my opinion and to the plan which was fixed at
                            Weathersfield as most eligible, all cases considered. I would not, however, set up any single judgment against that of so
                            many Gentlemen of experience, more especially as the matter partly depends upon a knowledge of Marine Affairs, of which, I
                            candidly confess my ignorance. I would therefore, in order to avoid delay, rest the matter upon the following footing. If
                            your Excellency, the Count de Barras, and the other Gentlemen should, upon a further consideration of the subject, aided
                            by any new informations which you may have received, still think it most advisable to adhere to the former resolution of
                            the Council, you may make use of the inclosed letters to the Governors of Massachusetts and Rhode Island which are left
                            open for your inspection. If on the contrary, you should change your opinions, the letters may be destroyed, as that,
                            which was written by me to the Governor of Rhode Island from Weathersfield, will be sufficient for the purpose of calling
                            out 500 Militia for the present, and such further numbers as exigencies may require.
                        At any rate, I could wish that the march of the troops may now be hurried as much as possible. The Strides
                            which the enemy are making to the southward demand a collection of our force in this quarter, that we may endeavour to
                            commence our operations. I know of no measure, which will be so likely to afford relief to the southern States, in so
                            short a time, as a serious menace against New York. This Your Excellency may remember was a principal inducement for our
                            undertaking that operation in preference to the other which was spoken of; and I assure you, the calls upon me from the
                            Southward are so pressing, that nothing but seeing our preparations against New York in some degree of fowardness will
                            content them, or convince them that they are likely to derive any advantages from the force which they see detained here.
                        I have forwarded your Excellency’s dispatch to the Minister by a Gentleman in the Quarter Masters department.
                            I have the Honor to be with very great Esteem Yr Excellency’s Most obt and Hble Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 5 June 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                            Head Quarters New Windsor Tuesday June 5 1781

                        ParolesCountersigns	Colonel Hazen’s regiment to embark tomorrow morning at Fishkill landing where transports are provided for
                            them.
                        The Honorable the Congress have been pleased to pass the following Resolves
                        By the United States in Congress Asssembled May 25th 1781
                        The Report of the Committee on the Letter of the 20th of december last from the Commander in Chief was taken
                            into consideration whereupon
                        Resolved That the battalion promotions in the infantry to the rank of commanding officer inclusive where such
                            Battalion is annexed to any State be in the line of such state.
                        That in regiments of infantry or Legionary corps not annexed to particular States Promotions to the rank of
                            commanding officer inclusive be regimental or Legionary.
                        That promotions in the Cavalry and Artillery be Regimental to the rank of commanding officer inclusive.
                        That the promotion of Battalion officers to the rank of Brigadiers be confined to the following districts in
                            each of which Brigadiers when necessary shall be made from the Senior officer of that district without regard to any
                            particular state.
                        That New Hampshire and Massachusetts be entitled to four
                         Brigadiers.
                        Rhode Island and Connecticutt two ditto New York and New Jersey including Colo. Hazen’s regmt
                         two ditto
                        Pennsylvania two ditto
                        Delaware and Maryland two ditto
                        Virginia three ditto
                        North Carolina one ditto
                        South Carolina and Georgia one ditto
                        That whenever a Brigadier shall be wanting for the Troops of either of those districts he shall be made from
                            the senior Battalion officer without regarding the state to which he belongs.
                        That in the Cavalry and Artillery Brigadiers shall be made from the eldest regimental officers in the Corps
                            respectively.
                        That Major Generals shall be made from the oldest Brigadiers in the Army whether belonging to the Infantry
                            Cavalry or Artillery.
                        That all Brigadiers hereafter to be made shall have relative rank respecting each other agreeable to the date
                            of their last battalion Commissions priority of Appointments not withstanding.
                        That Tench Tilghman Esqr. receive the Commission of Lieutenant Colonel in the line of the Army and take rank
                            from the first of April 1777.
                        That Doctor James McHenry receive the Commission of Major in the Army of the United States to take rank from
                            the 30th of October last.
                        That Officers not annexed to any line serving in the family of the Commander in Chief and those serving as
                            Aid D. Camps with other General Officers retain the rank they now hold and shall be eligible to command upon detachments
                            when the Commander in Chief or commanding officer of a department shall think proper.
                        That all Officers who are hostages and are liable to be called for by the enemy and are not continued in the
                            line of any State shall be entitled to their full pay untill redeemed and to Half pay for life afterwards in the same
                            manner as officers of equal rank reduced by the late Arrangement, and that it be recommended to the Respective States in
                            the line of which they were at the time of their becoming Hostages to make good to them their Depreciation and also to pay
                            them such Sums as are or may become due to them and charge the same to the United States.
                        That Lieutenant Colonels, Commandants, of battalions be not considered in different Grades from other
                            Lieutenant Colonels of the Line.
                        The Commander in Chief thinks proper to direct that all Vacancies should be filled to the present time
                            agreeably to the rules of Promotion formerly established. From this period it is expected the foregoing Regulations
                            respecting Promotion will be strictly adhered to throughout the Line of the army.