Title: From George Washington to Benedict Arnold, 13 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Arnold, Benedict

              Letter not found: to Benedict Arnold, 13 Nov. 1778. On 20 Nov., Arnold acknowledged “Your Excellencys favor of the 13th Inst., by General Du Portail.”


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Theodorick Bland, 13 November 1778
From: Bland, Theodorick
To: Washington, George

    Sr
    Enfeild [Conn.] Novr 13th 1778

Being detaind by almost two days heavy Rain I did not arrive at this Place before to day, where I found the Convention troops just arrived Under the Command of Brigr Hamilton, the Escort from the Massachussetts being Commanded by Col. Gearish. they are Marched in Six divisions about Seven Hundred in each division. the last division, was to March from their Place of Cantonment on Wednesday last, Col. Phelps had been appointed by this state to take the Command & to have the Several detachments of Militia in Readiness to receive them, and the teams prepared for their Baggage. As these arrangements have been already made by a resolution of this Assembly; I have thought it best to Continue that Gentn at this place, to receive them, from the Massachussetts officers, appoint the Successive Guards And furnish the teams, and after dispatching Majr Jameson to the rear & giving the necessary orders shall march on with the Van. Not being yet acquainted with the distances between the stages, & having no map to ascertain it, it is not in my power to determine when we shall reach the North River, I expect we shall march between fifteen & twenty miles a day, and from present appearances it may be necessary to Halt one day between here and there. I am happy to find in Genl Hamilton a disposition, to contribute all in his power, to assist in keeping the Convention troops in good order on their March, and to be informed by Col. Gearish that not the least disturbance or complaint has hitherto arisen I shall do every thing in my power to promote the same disposition, as well as exert myself that the least possible Injury shall be done to the Inhabitants on the Route, And in every respect attend to yr Excelly’s Orders. I am with the greatest respect yr Excellys most obedt Humbe Sevt

    Theok Bland

P.S. Since writing the above I have informd myself of the nature of the Route & have laid down the following plan for the March Saturday 14th Suffeild, Sunday Simsbury, monday N. Hartford, tuesday Norfolk, Wednesday Halt of the whole, thursday Sharon; from whence I shall write to yr Excy. T.B.


Title: To George Washington from Jonathan Clarke, 13 November 1778
From: Clarke, Jonathan
To: Washington, George

    Sir
    Bedford [Mass.] Novr 13: 1778

I have the honor to acquaint your Excellency, that by the particular desire of Major Genl Heath I went from Cambridge to New York to lay before His Excellency Sir Henry Clinton the Continental Accounts against the Convention Army.
A few days since advice was received that orders were given for the march of that Army to Virginia & I have received a very pressing Letter from Major General Phillips immediately to return to Cambridge; the very late season of the year the probability of meeting the Troops upon their March, & the suspence I am in relative to my own department, the publick papers, & my own Baggage, I flatter myself are considerations which will induce your Excellency to grant me a passport to return to Cambridge by land by such a rout as to meet the Army in case they should march.
I have also a few Letters for our Army which I pray the favor, of your Excellency to order to be examined, otherways I am obliged by my parole to carry them to Major Genl Heath for inspection before they can be deliver’d.
Your Excellency will please also to find enclosed a Letter from His Excellency Sir Henry Clinton, which I should have been glad personally to have deliver’d, that I might have avail’d myself of the oppory to have obtain’d of your Excellency a passport for a Vessell to go up the North River with money & necessaries for their march. I have the honor to be Your Excellency’s Most obedient & Humble Serv.

    Jona: ClarkeA. Commissary Genl


Title: To George Washington from Major General Horatio Gates, 13 November 1778
From: Gates, Horatio
To: Washington, George

    Sir,
    Boston 13th November 1778.

This letter will be presented to your Excellency by Mr Dodge, who has lately escaped from Quebec, in company with a Sachem of the Cognawaga Nation of Indians; he brings your Excellency the latest, and best intelligence from Canada. I am, Sir, Your Excellency’s Most Obedient Servant

  Horatio Gates


Title: To George Washington from Colonel George Gibson, 13 November 1778
From: Gibson, George
To: Washington, George

    13th 9br [November 17]78

  In compliance with Your Excellency’s commands I now venture to offer my Sentiments on the Subject of Chastising the Savages in that part of Our Western world with which I am acquainted To effect which it will be highly expedient to reduce the Garrison of Detroit situated at the Streights between the Lakes Erie & Huron, to Establish intermediate posts & to erect Garrisons one at Post St Vincents on the Ouabasche & the other at Kaskaskias on the Mississipi, by which means the Indians inhabiting the Northwest Side the Ohio will be effectually prevented from receiving any Supplys from Brittish or other Emissary’s—Three thousand men will be sufficient for the reduction of Detroit & for the purpose of establishing intermediate Posts, 1200 of which at least shou’d be Regular Troops the others may

    be composed of Frontier men—The Expedition to be conducted by two different route’s & a Junction to be formed at Rocker á Bout on the Miyamis River that empties itself into Lake Erie about six Leagues from the mouth of Said river—The rendezvous for the two Armies I wou’d recommend to be at Fort Pitt & Kanhawa, the whole to be ready to march about the middle of July before which time it wou’d be impracticable to march a Body of Troops thro’ that country on account of the many Deep Guts (Creeks) none of which are taken notice of by Geographists, besides this country abounds with Rich Wet lands called Crabb Apple Bottoms & upon approaching the Lakes one finds low Beachy Wet Grounds which wou’d Impede & hinder the March of Troops at any time before the Month of July or August—The army from Fort Pitt consisting of 1500 shoud follow exactly the rout persued by Genl Boquet to Tuscaraawa, on Muskingum Creek from thence the Trading Path to Rocker A Bout, at which place the Junction shou’d be made & from whence the distance to Detroit is not more than from 40 @ 60 Miles, The Army from Point pleasant will cross the Ohio & march by the nearest Rout betwixt the waters of the Sciotha & Hockhocking rivers to the place of Junction. The distance from Kanhawa to Detroit is greater than from Fort Pitt to Detroit But I have two reasons to Offer for recommending this plan—The Rendezvous at the different places will be better accommodated to the troops of the extensive Frontier of Virginia than if they were confined to one for instance, the Large Supply’s of Provisions Men & Bat horses &c. which may be drawn from Green Brier & the neighbouring counties shou’d assemble at point pleasant, whilst on the other hand, Sources to be drawn from Berkeley Frederick, Hampshire & West Augusta woud Assemble at Fort pitt. The Artillery requisite for the reduction of Detroit shou’d be marched with the Army from Fort pitt. Some light pieces such as are called Grasshoppers wou’d be exceedingly necessary to the Troops that march from Kanhawa—The Assemblage of two such considerable Body’s of Troops at such a distce from each other wou’d divide & distract the Councils of the Savages, Facilitate the enterprize & prevent the Indians from raising any Corn which was the Case in the Year—74. Previous to the marching these troops I wou’d recommend the embarkation of a Body of men not less than 750. in Batteaux to go down the Ohio for the purpose of Erecting Garrisons at Kaskaskias & Post Vincent this step woud prevent the Keekaapou’s, Piangeshaw’s & Ouiochtennans from assisting the others as they wou’d be afraid to leave their Habitations while so considerable a force was in their country—The Country of the Illinois will amply supply double this number of men with provisions at a much more moderate rate than they cou’d be purchased in these states, in

    the year 67 five hundred rations were Issued dayly to the Troops in Garrison at Fort Chartres & Kaskaskias, besides Large Qtys exported from thence to New Orleans since which the French who inhabited the Vicinage of Detroit have removed to that Country from which I wou’d infer that Agriculture must have encreased & the Certainty of Subsisting an Army in that Country greater—Horses superior to any I have seen in any other part of America for the purpose of mounting light dragoons may be procured in that Country. they are a mixture of the Barbary & common American Wood horse. Generally 14 @ 14h hands high exceeding mettlesome & very Allert, they are used by the Natives in chasing the Buffaloe—Having reduced the Garrison of Detroit & established Garrisons at the places before mention’d we will have it in our Power to prescribe such terms to the Savages as We may think proper—I have the Honor to be With the Greatest respect Your Excelly’s Obedt Servt

  Geo: Gibson


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Edward Hand, 13 November 1778
From: Hand, Edward
To: Washington, George

    Sir
    Coughnawaga [N.Y.] 13th Novr 1778

When I wrote your Excy from Albany 10th I mentioned the information I had of an intended Attack on Cherry Valley, & the Steps I had taken to prevent the Ill effects of it, but unluckily, the Enemys Sudden Approach & our Own Tardiness has prevented a timely relief.
The Enemy (in what numbers I cant learn) came on Col. Alden by Surprise the 11th what has Since happend, the Inclosed letters from Cols. Clock & Fisher will give you as good an Acct of as I can learn—the Militia do not turn out with that Spirit or alacrity I could wish—I have pressed Col. Vanscaik to march on with as great diligence as possible & expect Some Militia from Schenectady will join him: If Col. Clocks party does not relieve the Fort it is likely it will fall. I am Sir with much respect your Excys Most Obedt Hble Servt

  Edwd Hand


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 13 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

    Sir,
    Head Quarters Fredericksburg [N.Y.] Novemr 13th 1778

Baron De Steuben will have the honor of delivering you this. He waits upon Congress on the subject of the Inspectorship, which he is extremely anxious should be put upon some decided footing. He appears to be sensible of some difficulties in the plan formerly proposed and which I had the honor some time since to transmit my observations upon; and desirous that they should not prove an obstruction to the progress of an institution, which if accommodated to the circumstances and sentiments of the Army, promises very great advantages to the service. The success the Baron had in the beginning and the benefits derived from it make me regret the obstacles that have so long suspended his exertions; and I should wish he may have it in his power to resume them on principles most advancive of the service. On these I have already fully communicated my ideas; and it is unnecessary I should add. I have the honor to be With the greatest respect & esteem Sir Yr Most Obet Servt

  Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Alexander McDougall, 13 November 1778
From: McDougall, Alexander
To: Washington, George

    Sir
    [New Milford, Conn.] 13th Novr 1778

Unless the new ara[n]gement takes place now, Many officers of Companies will not have the benefit of the orders for furloughs, as they are to have officers promoted from Serjeants and for the reasons I have mentiond. My affairs and those of the Division did not permit me to Sett off as I intended, but expect to do it in an Hour. I have the Honor to be, Your very Humble Servant

  Alexr McDougall


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Pierre Regnier, 13 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Regnier, Pierre

    Sir
    Head Qrs [Fredericksburg, N.Y.] 13 Nvr 1778

I received your letter of the 7th Inst. with the inclosed representation of your officers.
  When a general plan of arrangement is once established for wintering the army, any alteration whatso[e]ver might be introductory of difficulties and confusion, but independent of considerations of this kind, the reasons on which your officers found their request does not operate in favor of the change they desire. You may mention to the gentlemen that the persons who have made incursions on Long Island have done it without my permission—And that a frequency of such predatory conduct under proper authority, when not carried against our enemy in arms would soon put an end to the very intention of major Grays command; those incursions have been chiefly planned against the inhabitants of the Island. You will also observe to your officers, that I shall at all times take a pleasure in the gratif<ication> of that spirit of enterprise which they have discovered and in its direction to proper objects. I am Sir &c.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Charles Scott, 13 November 1778
From: Scott, Charles
To: Washington, George

    Sir
    Near Bedford [N.Y.] Novr 13th 1778

The Comasary of Genl Borgoins army Is now at my Quarters on his way to Boston. I have detaind him untill Your Excellencys Pleasure is known, and have Forwarded the letters he b[e]ars by express.

  The Weather has been so bad that I hant been able to git any intellegence for Several days, the enemy are out this morning about two miles above Claps Tavern, with about 200 Horse. I cant Yet Learn their Disign, but incline to think they only Meant to Surprize one of our Horse Guards which they have not effected. I am Your Excellencys Obt Servant

  Chs Scott


Title: To George Washington from Major General John Sullivan, 13 November 1778
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

    My Dear General
    Providence [R.I.] Novemr 13th 1778

  I this morning Received the Inclosed Intelligence from Colo. Greene and have no doubt but the Fleet he mentions is Byrons or that part of it which has Escaped The Late Storms. by Some Reports A part of that Fleet viz. three Ships were Cast away on Nantucket Shoals—The Newport paper gives an Account that Euleven British A Number of Foreign Regiments & Several of the New Raised Corps have Sailed from New york, Their Destination unknown. Capt. Brownrigg

    in a Letter to Lieut. Freeman of the 24th Regiment at Cambridge Says that the 10th 45th & 52d Regiments have Left New york for England (This Letter I Saw) There is therefore of Course 14 British Regiments a number of Foreign (as they Express it) & Several of the new Levies gone from New york. I Inclose your Excellency the Newport paper & have been thus particular That your Excy may know what Force yet Remains in <N>ew york—I think the Intelligence can admit of no Doubt—<I> have also Reced Intelligence via Newport That Dominica St <Ch>ristopher Mont Serrat Nevis & Antigua are in the hands of the French that the Enemy have orders to Evacuate & Burn New york <&> Newport—That all the Transports are taking in wood & water for a voyage & that the wood Fleet which was going out is ordered to Stop & take in wood & Water agreable to their Tonnage The Prisoners are Removed from the Provost on board Ships ready Riggd for Sea. This Intelligence Came through a Channel which I think can be Depended on I have taken measures to put it beyond a Doubt & will give your Excelly the Earliest Information: I Shall now while Things have this appearance make my Information more frequent. I have the Honor to be with much Respect & the highest Esteem Dr Genl yr Excellenceys most obedt Servt

  Jno. Sullivan


Title: General Orders, 14 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

    Head-Quarters Frederick’s burgh [N.Y.] saturday Novr 14th 78.
    Parole Rotterdam—C. Signs Rehoboth. Radnor.


Title: From George Washington to General Henry Clinton, 14 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, Henry

    Sir.
    Head Quarters [Fredericksburg, N.Y.] 14th Novr 1778

I received your Excellencys letter of the 10th instant thro’ Mr Clarke.
I have transmitted Congress a copy of your proposition relative to an exchange of the troops of Convention and shall do myself the honor to communicate their decision the moment it is made known.
Mr Clarke has my permission to proceed by the most convenient route to the troops of Convention. I have the honor to be with all due respect your Excellency’s most hble servt

  Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General James Clinton, 14 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, James

    Dear Sir
    Head Quarters Fredericksbg [N.Y.] 14th Novemr 1778

  Permission is granted to send a Flag Boat from New York to King’s Ferry with Cloathing and other necessaries for the troops of the Convention who may be shortly expected at Fishkill on their way to Virginia. Upon the arrival of the British Boat at King’s Ferry, you are to procure a proper Vessel and take the goods out of her and send them

    under the care of an Officer who is to deliver them to the Deputy Quarter Master Genl at Fishkill landing, to be carefully stored till called for. I am Yr most obt Servt.


Title: To George Washington from Lord Drummond, 14 November 1778
From: Drummond, Thomas Lundin (Lord)
To: Washington, George

    Sir
    New York Novr 14th 1778.

As I design to embark soon for England I must once more apply to you on a Subject which has given me much Concern. I allude to your Letter of the 17th of August 1776, in which a Charge was brought against Me for a Breach of Parole. You cannot but remember my Letter to you two Days after, in which I desire a personal Interview with you at New York at that Time the Head-Quarters of the Army under your Command. By this Proceeding I meant at the same time, to shew you and the whole World that I was not affraid to throw Myself into your Power, and that I wished for nothing so much as an Opportunity of learning upon what Grounds I coud have been accused, and of convincing you that you had been deceived by some gross Misrepresentation, or by a most injurious and wicked Calumny.
This producing no Answer Things remain’d in the same Situation till a Publication of the Congress in October following wherein I found your Letter containing the Charge against me was given to the Publick, but without being accompany’d by mine in Reply to it. Willing to impute this Circumstance either to Miscariage of Letters or to Multiplicity of Buisiness, I again by a Letter in December following called upon you to specify this Charge in Order that my Defence might be as publick as the Attack. This however did not effect the desired Purpose neither did I find that the Interposition of General Lee by a Letter of June 1777 produced any Satisfaction with Regard to the Nature of this Charge.
Under these Circumstances I cannot in Justice to Myself avoid calling upon you once more to explain an Accusation made in such general terms as admits only an absolute and as general a Denial. I have the Honor to be Sir Your most obt humble Servt

  Drummond.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Francis Du Clos, 14 November 1778
From: Du Clos, Francis
To: Washington, George

    Sir
    Trenton [N.J.] Novr 14th 1778.

On the 24th of October last, I had the Honr to Command a Guard that Stood at a place calld the old point, near Elizath Town, about Twelve oclock I went to Dine with Capt. Burrass, who Commanded the next Guard, and at my return which was about Three Oclock in the afternoon, I found that my Guard had Discovered Some fish nets in the River Opposite the Guard House, and had lifted Sd nets and taken the fish out, I Sevearly Reprimanded them for so Doing, the next morning Complaint was made to Lord Sterling who ordered me to be arested for Sd Crime, I amediately applyd to his Lordship to order a Brigade Cortmartial for my Tryal, accordingly he did, I apeard before Sd Cort and Confessed the fact as above Sd, the Cort Sentensed me to be Dismised from the Service, his Lordship aproved of the Sentence, it is well known in the Armie that my Carrector never was Impeachd before.
I am led to beleive, that your Excellency will pity my Situation, for I can ashure your Excellency I did not apprehend the crime was So great, as to forfit my Rank in the Armie for So Small an Indulgence to the Souldirs, after Comeing all the way from France, Spending what Little Fortune I had to Equip my Self to Serve in the Armies of the United States and have Served in three Bloody Campains, Twice Taken prisoner once badly wounded, and Carried to Philadelphia there put in Close Confinement, till I was well of my wound, after which I laid a plan, for undermineing the new Gail, which I Executed at a very great Risk with Success, and Brought off a number of Officers and Souldiers who had been a long time Confind, while I was a prisoner in Canada had the mortifycation to Loose my Rank Five Officers who had never Served before was appointed before me, I Shall wait On Your Excellency in a few Days, and Shall Leave your Excelency to Judge whither I have been Rewarded according to my merit or not. and am Your Excellencys most Obedient and very Huel. Sar.

  Francis Du Clos Lt 2d I. Rt


Title: To George Washington from Colonel John Durkee, 14 November 1778
From: Durkee, John
To: Washington, George

    Sir
    Danbury [Conn.] Novembr 14th 1778

I have for some time past been overseeing the repairing of highways between this and Hartford by order of Genll Gates.
I was last evening at Norwalk but gain’d no inteligence of the Enemy more than what is Containd in Majr Grays letter which waits on your Excellency with this.
I am at this place for the recovery of my wounds which are mostly heald, but have no use of my right hand—I am your Excellcys most Obedient Humbl. Servt

  John Durkee


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 14–16 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

    Sir
    Head Quarters Fredericksbg [N.Y.]14th[–16] Novemr 1778

I am favd with yours of the 7th. We are yet under as much uncertainty as ever respecting the evacuation of New York. My advices from Lord Stirling of the 11th say that another fleet of one hundred sail had collected at the watering place, and that they had some Hessians and troops of other kinds on board, but he does not mention the estimated number. He also adds that but few ships are left at New York, so that if the fleet above mentioned does not carry off the whole, a Garrison must of necessity remain or wait the arrival of more ships, which is not probable.
Inclosed you have a Resolve of Congress directing me to procure intelligence from Canada and Nova Scotia. I have laid a proper train to obtain the necessary information from Canada, but I must depend upon you, from your situation, to procure the best you can from Nova scotia. If you have an opportunity of getting any thing from Canada, I shall be glad you will do it, as, by comparing the two accounts, we may form a better judgment.

  No doubt proper advantage will be taken of the Winter to establish Magazines of Flour to the Eastward, which will not be so difficult now you are releived from the Convention Troops and the French Squadron. I am Sir Your most obt and hble Servt

    Go: Washington

16th I have your favr of the 10th and am obliged for your care of the Box committed to Colo. Harrison who is not yet arrived—nothing further from New York of any consequence.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 14 November 1778
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

    Sir,
    Camp fredericksburg [N.Y.] 14 Novembr 78

Inclosed is Colo. Biddles Letter to me upon the distressed state of the Forage Department. Our Cattle for this ten days past have not had one half the necessary allowance of Forage. The Resolution of Congress prohibiting the use of Wheat and the Restrictive Laws in the several States, in the Neighbourhood of Camp, renders it impossible to subsist the Cattle, unless some further aid can be given to the Forage Master General and his Deputies.
The Law of this State, appointing certain Persons in every Town to collect Forage and to say how much every Farmer shall spare, is not attended with that advantage that the Legislature designed in passing the Law—Men judge so differently from one another, and many from motives of tenderness to their Neighbours take so sparing from the People, that our supplies are very deficient notwithstanding we see the Country full of Forage. I am therefore under the necessity to call upon your Excellency for a Warrant to impress such Quantities of Forage from Time to Time as we find ourselves dificient in obtaining in the regular modes pointed out by Law. I have the Honor to be Your Excellencys respectful Humble Servt

  Nathl Greene Q.M.


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 14 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

    Dear Sir
    Fredericksburg in N. Yk Novr 14th 1778.

This will be accompanied by an Official Letter on the subject of the proposed Expedition against Canada—You will perceive I have only considered it in a Military light—indeed I was not authorized to consider it in any other, and I am not without apprehensions, that I may be thought in what I have done, to have exceeded the limits intended by Congress—But my sollicitude for the public welfare which I think deeply interested in this affair, will I hope justify me in the eyes of all those who view things through that just medium.
  I do not know Sir what may be your Sentiments in the present case—but whatever they are, I am sure I can confide in your honor & friendship, and shall not hesitate to unbosom myself to you on a point of the most delicate and important nature. The question of the Canadian expedition in the form it now stands appears to me one of the most interesting that has hitherto agitated our national deliberations. I have one objection to it untouched in my public letter, which is in my estimation insurmountable—and alarms all my feelings for

    the true and permanent interests of my Country. This is the introduction of a large body of French Troops into Canada, and putting them in possession of the Capitol of that Province—attached to them by all the ties of blood, habits, manners, religion & former Connixion of Government. I fear this would be too great a temptation to be resisted by any power actuated by the common maxims of national policy.
Let us realize for a moment the striking advantages France would derive from the possession of Canada, the acquisition of an extensive territory abounding in supplies for the use of her Islands—the opening a vast source of the most beneficial commerce with the Indian Nations which she might then monopolise—she having ports of her own on the Continent independant on the precarious good will of an Ally—the engrossing the whole trade of Newfoundland whenever she pleased (the finest nursery of Seamen in the world)—the security afforded to her Islands—and finally of awing & controuling these States, the natural and most formidable rival of every Maratime power in Europe. Canada would be a solid acquisition to France on all these accts and because of the Numerous inhabitants, subjects to her by inclination, who would aid in preserving it under her power against the attempt of every other.
France acknowledged for some time past the most powerful Monarchy in Europe by land able now to dispute the empire of the Sea with Britain, and if joined with Spain, I may say certainly superior, in possession of Canada on our left, and the extensive territory anciently comprehended within its limits—while the other branch of the House of Bourbon possesses New Orleans—the Key of the Mississippi—on our right—seconded by the numerous tribes of Indians on our rear from one extremity to the other, a people so generally friendly to her, and whom she knows so well to conciliate—would it is much to be apprehended, have it in her power to give law to these States.
  Let us suppose that, when the five thousand French Troops, (and under the idea of that number twice as many may be sent) were entered the City of Quebec, they should declare an intention to hold Canada as a pledge & security for the debt due to France from the United States—or under other specious pretences hold the place till they can find a bond for contention—and, in the Mean while, should excite the Canadians to engage in supporting their pretences & claims, what should we be able to say with only four or five thousand Men to carry on the dispute? It may be supposed that France would not choose to renounce our friendship by a step of this kind, as the consequence would probably be a reunion with England on some terms or other, and the loss of what she had acquired in so violent and

    unjustifiable a manner, with all the advantages of an alliance with us. This, in my opinion, is too slender a security against the Measure, to be relied on. The truth of the position will entirely depend on Naval Events—If France and Spain should unite, and obtain a decided superiority by Sea—a reunion with England would avail very little, and might be set at defiance—France with a numerous Army at command, might throw in what number of land forces she thought proper to support her pretensions, and England without Men, without Money, and inferior on her favourite element could give no effectual aid to oppose them, Resentment, reproaches, and submission seem to be all that would be left us. Men are very apt to run into extremes, hatred to England may carry some into an excess of confidence in France, especially, when motives of gratitude are thrown into the scale—Men of this description would be unwilling to suppose France capable of acting so ungenerous a part. I am heartily disposed to entertain the most favourable sentiments of our New Ally, and to cherish them in others, to a reasonable degree, but it is a maxim founded on the universal experience of Mankind, that no Nation is to be trusted farther than it is bound by its interest, And no prudent Statesman or politician will venture to depart from it. In our circumstances, we ought to be particularly cautious for we have not yet attained sufficient vigor and maturity to recover from the shock of any false step, into which we may unwarily fall.
If France should even engage in the scheme in the first instance with the purest intentions, there is the greatest danger that in the progress of the business, invited to it by circumstances perhaps urged on by the solicitations & wishes of the Canadians, she would alter her views. As the Marquis cloathed his proposition when he spoke of it to me, it would seem to originate wholly with himself, but it is far from impossible that it had its birth in the Cabinet of France, & was put into this artful dress, to give it the readier currency. I fancy, I read in the countenances of some people on this occasion, more than the disinterested zeal of Allies—I hope I am mistaken and my fears of mischief, make me refine too much and awaken jealousies that have no sufficient foundation.
But upon the whole, Sir, to waive every other consideration, I do not like to add to the number of National obligations—I would wish as much as possible, to avoid giving a foreign power new claims of merit for services performed to the United States, and would ask No assistance that is not indispensible. I am with the truest attachment, & most perfect Confidence, Dr Sir Yr Most Obed. & Obliged

  Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 14 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

    Sir
    Head Quarters Fredericksbg [N.Y.] 14th Novemr 1778

I do myself the honor to transmit you the copy of a letter of the 10th instant, which I recd yesterday from Sir Henry Clinton, on the subject of exchanging the prisoners of the Convention.
Should the proposition be agreeable to Congress, I shall be glad to receive powers to enter into a negotiation as soon as possible, as it may probably releive our Officers, upon parole, from the disagreeable necessity of returning to New York. I will just observe, that should an exchange take place upon the terms proposed by Sir Henry, I should suppose we shall not be obliged to give up any considerable number of privates by way of composition, as the Officers of the Convention, should the whole be suffered to be exchanged, would go a great way towards liberating ours at present in the hands of the Enemy: But it cannot be expected that they will leave their troops intirely destitute of Officers. Mr Commissary Clark, mentioned by Sir Henry Clinton, was permitted by General Heath to go from Boston to New York to settle the accounts and procure money for the discharge of the debts of the troops at Cambridge. I have the honor to be with great Respect Sir Your most obt Servt

  Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Captain George Lewis, 14 November 1778
From: Lewis, George
To: Washington, George

    Sir
    Bristol [Pa.] 14th of November 1778

By orders receiv’d of Captain Jones, from your Excellency, I have made an exact return of the remainder of our Regiment, which you have inclosed. Those Horses return’d Sick and Lame, will never be fit for the Service Longer, Should be glad to know your Excellencys pleasure what would be best done with them, the Qr Master Complains that the forrage they have already distroyed is more than they would Sell for, is of opinion that they had better be advertis’d for Sail as soon as possible.
The Last return sent, Capt: Stith begs leave to acquaint your Excellency, was as exact as the distressed Situation of the Regiment at that time would admit of. Capt: Jones is desierous of Returning to Virginia this Winter on Furlough agreable to General Orders. Should you think proper to indulge Him with one. Am Dr Sir with every Respect & esteem Yrs

  Go: Lewis


Title: From George Washington to Major General Alexander McDougall, 14 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

    Dear Sir,
    Head Quarters Fredericksburg [N.Y.]14th Novembr 1778

I have your favour of the 9th and 13th. I think it will be on every account better for the Officers of the Connecticut line, to take their places as they were posted by the new arrangement, and I desire that General’s Huntington and Parson may do it.

  I have received advice from Boston that the Sommerset of 64 guns, one of Admiral Byrons Fleet, went on shore on Cape Cod in a Gale of wind the 31st last month. The Officers & Crew (except 40 or 50 drowned,) are prisoners It is said that three or four more ships were seen in extream distress. If the Fleet had not made a port before the Storm of the 11th and that of last night we may conclude that they cannot be in a very agreable situation. They had not got into Newport on the 10th. Count D’Estaing put to sea with his whole Fleet on the 4th of this month. I am with great Regard Dear Sir Your most Obedt servant
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Charles Scott, 14 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Scott, Charles

    Dr Sir.
    Head Quarters [Fredericksburg, N.Y.]14th Novr 1778.

  I have to acknowlege your favor of yesterday, and one by Colonel Grahams.
When Colonel Grahams was up here I received from Count d’Estaing a number of declarations to the french inhabitants of America, addressed to them in the name of his most christian majesty Each of The gentlemen who were at table got one of those declarations—As I do not think it proper they should be made public by me in the first instance; or that they should creep into New-york before they have an operation elsewhere I have therefore recalled all the declarations but that one in Col. Grahams possession. You will be pleased to recover this as soon as possible and transmit it here.
In the letter from Mr Clark the A. Commissary Genl to the Convention army he requests a pasport by land; and an examination of his letters, in order that he may not be under the necessity of going to Boston in case the troops should be on their march. You will examine the letters he brought out of N. York, and give him a permission to proceed by the nearest route to Cambridge or the Convention troops, previously taking his parole that he will not communicate with the people to the injury or disadvantage of the states, either directly or indirectly.
The inclosures you will send into N. Y. by flag and should Mr Clarke want to write me, you will give his the same conveyance. I am Dr sr.

P.S. In case Col. Graham has had the declaration translated, you will do every thing to recover such from the persons who may have them.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Charles Scott, 14 November 1778
From: Scott, Charles
To: Washington, George

    Sir
    Camp Near Bedford [N.Y.] Novr 14th 1778

I mentiond in my letter of Yesterday the Enemy being out as fare as Claps Tavern—when they found themselves disappointed in Attempting to Surprize the Hors Guard they immedeatly returnd on their way back they fell in with Colo. Thomas of the Militia and a Small party with him they killed a Subbalton and two or three privats and Took the Colo. Prisoner with Several others, the Particulars I have not been able to get. they took Mr Wards house in their way back and after Striping it of the Best plank, they Set fier to both it and the Barn and consumed them.
all the intilligence that I have been able To get for Some time past is from Capts. Walls and Williams a Copy of whos letters Your Excelly Has inclosd.
If the Weather proves good, I Shall leave this post this afternoon and Wait on Your Excellency Tomorrow. I am Your Excellencys Obt Servant

  Chs Scott


Title: To George Washington from Jeremiah Wadsworth, 14 November 1778
From: Wadsworth, Jeremiah
To: Washington, George

    Sir.
    Fredericksburgh [N.Y.] Novr 14: 1778.

              From No. 4 upwards to Newbury may be procured
               500
              barrels
              beef

               And
               400
              barrels
              flour.

              At & near Albany
              5000
              Do
              Do—

               And
              4000.
              do
              salted beef & Pork.

Mr Cuyler D.C.G.P. has taken measures to have Beef sufficient at Newbury for four thousand men sixty Days—And General Bailey asks for five hundred barrels of flour to compleat the supplies for the same number of men, the same term of time, But I have reason to believe the General is mistaken, and that six or seven hundred barrels will be wanted for that purpose. These may possibly be transported in sleighs in the winter—but the expences of the whole magazine at Newbury will be uncommonly great. If larger armies should be in the northern region than the above provisions will feed, they may be furnished in the summer with further supplies. The provisions to be at Albany by the middle of April according to this estimate are to be exclusive of feeding the Garrisons in that neighborhood through the winter. I am your Excellencys most Obedt & humble Servant

    Jereh Wadsworth Com. Gen. P.

P.S. I expect an interview with my deputies the 20th instant, and can then give more explicit accounts of the dependance of provisions in every quarter.

    J.W.


Title: General Orders, 15 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

    Head-Quarters Frederick’s burgh [N.Y.] sunday Novr 15th 78.
    Parole Georgetown—C. Signs Ganges. Gibralter.


Title: To George Washington from Henry Laurens, 15 November 1778
From: Laurens, Henry
To: Washington, George

    Sir
    [Philadelphia] 15th November [1778]

I had the honor of writing to Your Excellency Yesterday by Messenger Freeman.
Your Excellency will receive inclosed herewith Copy of a Letter dated Sunbury 9th Instant from Colonel Hartley to the Board of War, which Congress have directed to transmit & to signify that it is the desire of the House Your Excellency “will take such Measures relative to the subject matter thereof as you shall judge necessary.”  I have the honor to be &c.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Casimir Pulaski, 15 November 1778
From: Pulaski, Casimir
To: Washington, George

    [Sussex Court House, N.J., 15 November 1778]

  He [Pulaski] informs that he will march towards Colefort—but will halt at Rosecrantz till further orders, as his horses are in want of refreshment—suffered much while employed at Egg Harbour—did not fare well at Sussex—and as there is good forage at Rosecrantz and none at Coles fort on the other side the Delaware that place having been burnt by the indians—He observes if he is to make an attack upon the indians he must take a little time to recover force and gain information; if he is to take his quarters Coles fort for the reason above assigned appears to him an improper place—Rosecrantz a good one—and near enough for defence. He is however ready to obey—He hopes that having conducted his legion to its destination you will permit him to go to Philadelphia, as the War being kindled

    in Europe in the neighbourhood of his o<wn> country and near an end here he wi<shes> to return in hope of an opportunity of making head once more against his enemies.
All he wishes is to leave his corps in such a state that it may be of service and gain him the approbation to this country—He is happy to have been able to contribute, though in a very small degree to aid Yr Excly’s efforts for establishing a new republic. He flatters himself that his disinterestedness and zeal will have gained him some share in your esteem which is all he desires.
He recommends Cou[n]t Colkouski to you as a brave and useful officer who served under him in Poland—requests he may be placed in his legion with the rank of Capt.—the pay of a lieutenant and to do the duty of one ’till he can have an opportunity of making himself known.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Stirling, 15 November 1778
From: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)
To: Washington, George

    Dear Sir
    Elizabeth Town [N.Y.] Novr 15th 1778.

The fleet which droped down to the Hook on the 12th remained there yesterday Evening; the winds have been either ahead or too high for any thing to put to Sea. they have on Board the whole of the 71st Two Battalions of Hessian Granadiers, two Battalions of Delanceys, two of Skinners, three Companies of the 64th & two Comps. of the 33d. They are Convoyed by the Vigilant and three Gallies, watered it is said for a fortnight only, Commanded by Colonel Campbell as a Brigadier. they talk of Comeing back soon; but from a Variety of Circumstances (I think) they are for East & West florida.
Sir Henry Clinton is returned to New York, he had been to long Island, in order to Veiw and mark out some Grounds there; It is said the Refugees are to form a line from Loyds Neck (which is on the North Side of Long Island) to Blue point (on the South Side) both about 40 Miles from New york and to be Supported by three Brittish Regiments which are to lye in their Rear.
  The 13th Came into the hook and proceeded with a fair wind to New york a larger Ship dismasted, I since hear she is a large two decker Supposed to be a 74. I have no doubt we shall soon hear more of the Effects of the Voilent Gales of wind which have blown Since the 10th. Admiral Byrons fleet must, if not aShore on the Coast, be blown of in a most Shattered Condition. This I think is the time for the Count deEstang to put to Sea, and take a Cruizeing Station between Nantucket Shoals and the Capes of Virginia or nigher in toward Sandy Hook, he would have a Very probable Chance of falling in with the Scatered Ships of Ad: Byrons fleet besides Cutting off every thing that passes between New york or Rhode Island and Europe or the West

    Indies, a fortnight or three weeks Cruize might Ruin the Affairs of the English, If he should take that Station I would willingly go into Monmouth County, and with Small Vessels out of the Inlets on that Coast, give him Intelligence of every thing that passes at Sandy hook. with great Respect and very Sincere Affection I am your Excellency’s most Humble Servant

    Stirling,

      Sunday Afternoon 4 oClo’.
    Major Howell say’s

              Nor
              12th.....
              “1—64 Gun Ship dismasted Came in

              13th.....
              2 Ships 1—40 dismasted Came in. between 60 & 70 Sail of transports at
                the hook, a woman from New York says possitively that three Regiments of Hessians
                Embarked on board this fleet.”

From Amboy Mr Lyell reports at one oClock this Afternoon “that the fleet is Still at Anchor,” indeed the Wind Continues too high for them to Weigh Anchor.


Title: To George Washington from Major General John Sullivan, 15 November 1778
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

    Dear General
    Providence [R.I.] Novemr 15th 1778

  By Deserters as well as from various other Channels I have a Confirmation of the Accounts given in my Last a Searjent, a Searjent major, two privates, with an Inhabitant Came off two Days Since The Searjent major is very Intelligent he Says that The Transports are all preparing to take in Troops that they are ordered to be ready by the 18th Instant & he has no Reason to Doubt of their Quitting the Island as Soon as possible he Says he has only Learned that the French are in possession of St Christophers This he Says is Commonly talked among the officers & that a Force Partly French & partly Spanish are Actually gone against Jamaica—I know if the French are in possession of St Christophers That Mont Serrat & Nevis must have fallen of Course—Antigua not being Contiguous & much better Fortified is not So probable to have Shared the Fate of St Christophers I find the Fleet mentioned in my Last is Birons. Lieut. Colo. Smith who went Down in a Flag Inquired the News from Capt. Lindsey of the Pearl Frigate who Told him that there had been a Second Ingagement between Kepple & the French Fleet he then asked him the Event he with apparent Signs of grief Told him that the French admirals Ship

    was So Damaged that She Sunk going into Breast Harbor & that one other of the French Ships had all her ports beat into one—Lindsey had that moment reced the Intelligence from an officer who came on board & Colo. Smith had observd Concern painted on both ther Countenances before he Asked the Question—& when he found the answer he was perfectly Satisfied that the British came off Second Best—otherwise Lindsey would agreable to the British Custom have added a Little more in Honor to Their Naval Bravery & Success—I have the Honor to be Dear Genl with the highest Respect yr Exceys Most obedt Servt

  Jno. Sullivan


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Philip Van Cortlandt, 15 November 1778
From: Van Cortlandt, Philip
To: Washington, George

    Dear General
    Rochester [N.Y.] Novr 15th 1778

Upon the Receipt of your Excellencys Orders of the 5th Instant I went to Minisink in Order to fix Upon Such posts as would best Secure the Fruntiers; As there was a Sufficient Number of Militia Already at that post whose time will not be Out Untill the 22d thought best not to march my Regiment untill my Return when I Received your Excellencys further Orders of the 10th to Remain here and guard this Fruntier which I Shall do as far up as Luning Kill which is but 22 miles from Pienpack (or Upper Minisink) The Accounts from the Enemy are Various and Uncertain however I do not Apprehend they Will this Season give Us Much Trouble as the Season is far Advanced and the Creeks Very high Since the late rains, am with all Respect Your Excellencys most Obedient Humbe Servt

  Philip Cortlandt


Title: General Orders, 16 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

    Head-Quarters Frederick’s burgh [N.Y.] Monday Novr 16th 78.
    Parole St Vincents—C. Signs Savannah. Schuylkill—


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General James Clinton, 16 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, James

    Sir,
    Head Quarters [Fredericksburg, N.Y.] Novr 16th 1778

I request that you will, as soon as possible after receipt of this, proceed with the remainder of your Brigade to Albany. You will carry all your baggage and Artillery. If Colo. Hay the Qr Mr can furnish Vessels for transporting the Troops, without breaking in upon those that will be necessary for crossing such part of our Army as will soon go to Jersey—and the Convention Troops now on their way to Virginia, it will be much better for you than to proceed by land. You will consult him upon the occasion. The inclosed copy of a letter to Genl Hand will point out the cause of your movement—and you will consider it as instructions for your conduct, as you will have the command. In writing to him, it was only intended that matters should be getting in train. I am Sir Yr Mo. Obet Servt

    Go: Washington

P.s. I wrote you on Saturday respecting a flag Vessel that might come up to Kings ferry. If She should not come before you march, you will advise Colo. Malcom of the matter & request him to persue the same conduct with respect to the Cloathing &ca she may bring as was prescribed to you.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Horatio Gates, 16 November 1778
From: Gates, Horatio
To: Washington, George

    Sir
    Boston 16th November 1778

The Bearer has this instant brought me the inclosed intelligence from Canada; I have in consequence Dispatch’d him immediately to Your Excellency. I have not a line from The president of Congress, since The letter which contain’d the Resolve for my removal to this Command; & Your Excellency’s Letter of the 6th Instant, is the last from Your Head Quarters. I am Sir Your most Obedient Servant

  Horatio Gates


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 16 November 1778
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

    Sir
    Camp Fredricksburg [N.Y.] November 16th 1778

I wish when your Excellency gives your orders for the Troops to march from Fish Kills that those employed in transporting forage may continue in that service until the Troops that are to Winter there, arrive and furnish a party to releive them.
There are also a few Masons now employed in building Chimneys to the Barracks. These I wish may be left for about a fortnight.
There will be wanted for a few days about 40 men to facilitate the Armies crossing the River. They should be good Oresmen if to be got. Great part of our Waterman are employed in the forage business and cannot be called off without great injury to that service. We have only about thirty men at Kings ferry to man the Boats. These will be found insufficient to cross with as much expedition as I could wish.
Will your Excellency be so kind as to furnish me with a clue to find out the person in the forage department who you hinted to me the other day had betrayed his trust. No Person in any branch of my department shall escape with impunity if it is possible to detect him, who either neglects his duty or miss applies the public money. I have the honor to be with great respect Your Excellencys Most Obedient humble Sert

    Nath. GreeneQ.M.G.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 16 November 1778
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

    Sir
    Camp at Fredricksburg [N.Y.] November 16 1778

The repeated instances of violence commited by Officers of inferior rank in the line, upon Waggon Masters, In direct violation of your Excellency orders render it necessary that some check should be given to this unwarrantable practice. The warrant Officers begin to think their situation so very disagreeable that they are determined one and all to quit the service unless they can find some freedom from such acts of oppression and injustice.
Waggon Masters have been repeatedly put under guard for the most trifleing offences. Notwithstanding your Excellency hath again and again directed that they should only be subject to the same modes of tryal and arrest for misconduct which Officers in the line were.
  There is now a regular complaint made to me by Mr Byers Waggon Master for the 2d Pennsylvania brigade against Mr Knox quarter master of the 9th Pennsylvania Regiment. The Waggon Master was in

    the line of his duty agreeable to the orders he had received from the commanding Officer of the brigade; When the quarter master interferd and prevented him from pursuing his orders. This the Waggon Master took as an injury and wrote him a note, not the most polite, nor yet very insolent. The quarter master no sooner receivd the Note than he sent a file of Men—took the Waggon-Master prisoner and confin’d him in the quarter guard all night.
I wish not to urge this complaint. I am sensible of the danger of opening disputes between the commision and Warrant Officers; but the later declarye they will all leave the service, unless they can find some protection from the violence of the former.
What I have to request of your Excellency upon this occasion is, that you would be pleas’d to repeat your former orders upon this subject, for the protection of Warrant Officers—Forbiding the Officers of the Line in the most pointed Terms and under the severest penalties, from presuming to confine them otherwise than by arrest for any offense what ever.
I hope such a declaration will check the evil and satisfy the party who bring forward the complaint. If your Excellency approve of the proposition, please to found the order upon a representation made by the quarter master General of the great injury done the public service by the violence offer’d by some indiscreet commisioned officers to Warrant Officers in the Waggon department. I have the honor to be with great respect your Excellencys Most humble Servt
  Nath. GreeneQ.M.G.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Edward Hand, 16 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Hand, Edward

    Sir
    Head Quarters Fredericksbg [N.Y.] 16 Novemr 1778

  I have recd yours of the 13th containing the disagreeable account of the attack upon Colonel Aldens Regt at Cherry Valley: But your letter of the 10th has never come to hand. I have ordered General Clinton

    with the two remaining Regiments of his Brigade to march immediately to Albany, that they may be ready to act as circumstances may require. It is in the highest degree distressing to have our Frontier so continually harrassed by this collection of Banditti under Brant and Butler. I would have you without loss of time consult Genl Schuyler and some of the Gentlemen and others in the part of the Country where you now are, upon the propreity or practicability of some offensive operation at this season of the year, with the number of Men which the addition of the two Regiments will make, against these people; by the means of which they may be removed to such a distance as to make it inconvenient for them to make such frequent incursions. If any thing is to be undertaken, let me know upon what Quarter it is to be, as soon as it is determined. If it shall not be judged expedient to carry on an expedition at this time, you will then consult with the Gentlemen above mentioned, upon the most proper disposition of the troops to support each other in case of an attack upon the separate posts, and at the same time to afford cover and protection to the Country.
Count Pulaski’s Legion consisting of about 250 Horse and Foot are at Coles Fort in the Minisink settlement. I intend to strengthen them with the addition of some other Corps—say about 250 more. Colo. Cortlands Regiment is between Minisink and Rochester—In deliberating upon the matter before mentioned you will keep these troops in view, as they may either co-operate with those to the Northward, or make any diversion to favor them, should an offensive operation be determined upon. I am Sir Your most obt Servt

  Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Colonel David Henley, 16 November 1778
From: Henley, David
To: Washington, George

    Sir
    Bedford [N.Y.] 16th Novemr 1778

  Colo. Gist being dissatisfyed by my late appointment to the Command of the light Corps, as he is of Opinion that by seniority it of Course belongs to him, and being determined to See your Excellency before he consents to my superiority to him: I have thought proper to write and inform your Excellency that I am totally unacquainted when the Day Of my Appointment was, as I have not received the Commission of a Colonel: But as you shall please to order so will I obey, and if you honor Col. Gist with the Command, I will return to my Regiment, with that Chearfullness, and good disposition, which I

    trust I have ever served. I am with all due Respect Your Excellency’s most Obdt and Hume Servt

  David Henley


Title: To George Washington from Colonel David Henley, 16 November 1778
From: Henley, David
To: Washington, George

    Sir
    Bedford [N.Y.] 16th Novemr 1778

I receivd a Letter last Evening from Capt. Wales (of Col. Guist Corps[)], dated Bergin the 13 Inst., in which he says the Fleet at Staten Island consisting of Thirty seven Transports (with troops on board[)], and two Men of War got under way, and he saw them sail through the Narrows at sun set that Evening: that he will continue to watch the farther motions of the rest of the fleet, and that I may expect him soon then your Excellency shall have the farther particulars as he relates them. I am with due Respect Your Excellencys most obdt and Hum. Servt

  David Henley


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 16 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

    Sir,
    Head Quarters Fredericksburgh [N.Y.] Novr 16th 1778

I had the honor of receiving your favour of the 6th, yesterday, with the inclosed copy of a letter from the President of the Council of New Jersey, relative to an expected attack upon the Western frontier of that state. I have just received a letter from General Hand, giving intelligence of an attack upon Colonel Alden’s regiment at Cherry-Valley, effected by surprise, in consequence of which, there is too much reason to apprehend, that regiment may fall a sacrifice—I transmit a copy of the dispatches announcing this disagreeable affair.
  These depredations of the enemy give me the most serious concern—I lament that we have not yet had it in our power to give them an effectual check. I am perfectly convinced, that the only certain way of preventing Indian ravages is to carry the war vigorously into their own country; but as this is thought impracticable at this late season of the year from the state of the waters and other impediments—I fear we must content ourselves with defensive precautions, for the present. I have already informed Congress, that Col. Cortlandt’s regiment had marched towards the Minisincks; but having since directed Count Pulaski to proceed with his corps to Coles-fort in that neighbourhood, Col. Cortlandt will take post somewhere between that place and Rochester. Orders are now given to Col. Spencers regiment and Col. Armand’s corps to join General Pulaski. This disposition is agreeable to the opinion of Governor Clinton and other Gentlemen acquainted with the Country, whom I have consulted; and is calculated to cover the Eastern frontier of Pensylvania New Jersey and the Western part

    of New York. I shall also immediately send the remainder of General Clinton’s brigade to Albany, when arrived there if any thing offensive can possibly be undertaken it shall be done, if not they will be disposed of in a manner that shall seem best adapted for protection and defence. With the greatest respect and esteem I am Sir Your most Obed. servt

  Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Colonel William Malcom, 16 November 1778
From: Malcom, William
To: Washington, George

    Sir
    Fort Clinton [N.Y.] novr 16 1778

Lt Lawrence has been down the River with a boat, & has Sent a very intelligent person to the City—I Send herewith his intelligence and Am with due respect Your Excellencys most Obed. & very Humbe servt

  W. Malcom


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons, 16 November 1778
From: Parsons, Samuel Holden
To: Washington, George

    Dear General
    Horseneck [Conn.] 16th Novr 1778

Inclosd I send you several Examinations taken of Persons who lately left New York. Ld Cathcart’s Corps I am informd have Orders to sell all except European Horses.
  I am obliged to continue a few Days longer on the Sea Coasts before I return to Camp; the Small Parties of the Enemy exceedingly distress the Inhabitants in this Vicinity, If a Brigade could be posted near the Coast it would Prevent those Ravages and I beleive 1500 or 2000 Men will be a Sufficient Body to Oppose any Force the Enemy can throw out from the City. if any Troops should be Stationd on the Sea Coast this Winter, I must again intreat your Excellency’s Permission for my Brigade to be orderd this Way, as I cannot without great Injury to my own Private Affairs be absent from the Sea Coast this Winter; if any Command should be thought necessary on or near the Sea Coast I would beg the Favor of such Command; I hope to be at Camp by the End of this Week. as the Season has now arriv’d when if Nothing Special Prevents I Suppose your Excellency would choose the Troops Should be in winter Quarters, if therefore your Excellency will indulge my Brigade in taking their Quarters in or near this State I would beg your Orders for the Purpose. I am with Esteem & Respect yr Excellency’s Obedt Se<rvt>

  Saml H. Parsons


Title: From George Washington to Major General Stirling, 16 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)

    My Lord.
    Head Quarters Fredericksburg [N.Y.]16th Nvr 1778.

You will be pleased to order Colonel Spencer, with his Regiment, to repair immediately to Coles Fort, at the Minisink, and there join General Count Pulaski. Your Lordship will further direct that Colonel Spencer may take the nearest route, and make his march as expeditious as possible.
It was not till to day I had an opportunity to acknowlege your letters of the 11th and 13th Inst. The uncertainty which General Skinner’s answer left us in, with respect to Sir Henry Clinton, is cleared up by a letter of the 10th which I received from himself.
As your Lordship predicted of Admiral Byron, so has it in some measure fallen out. One of his vessels, the Sommerset, has been lost on Cape Codd, and the crew, about 500, are prisoners in our hands. It is said, that three others were seen, at the same time in great distress.
General Sullivan in a letter of the 13th mentions, that one large man of war had arrived at New port harbour, and that 10 more had appeared off the East end of block Island, standing in, all supposed to be of Byrons fleet.

  The late embarkations of the enemy have rather deranged my ideas of the number of regiments which still remain at New-York and its dependencies as well as those that have sailed. It is absolutely necessary at least that the former should be known with great precision. For this purpose you may register in different columns the accounts of deserters—your information from spies, and persons who may come out of New-York. In one column designating the corps which have sailed, and those which remain on Staten & Long Islands. As you proceed in this work, you will transmit me copies, and, the result as soon as it is complete.
Col. Ogden perhaps will be able to ascertain, by a channel which he mentioned to me at Mrs Provost the exact number of Regiments yet remaining, which is by far the most essential part of the enquiry. I am &c.


Title: From George Washington to Jeremiah Wadsworth, 16 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Wadsworth, Jeremiah

    Sir
    Head Quarters Fredericksbg [N.Y.] 16 Novr 1778

In your letter of the 14th instant in answer to my enquiries, I do not know whether you clearly understood my meaning and intention, As it is essential to the due execution of some plans, in contemplation, and to orders I am about to give, to have the following Questions solved with precision, I wish you to say.
How much Flour and how much Salt Beef and pork you can lay in at Albany by the 1st day of February 1779?
How much of each of these Articles you can lay in at the same place by the first day of May next ensuing?
And whether a large and constant supply of Beef Cattle could be had at that place afterwards to feed 15000 Men from each of the days above recited, if necessary for the purpose of saving the salted Meat?
How much Flour and how much salted Beef or Pork you can lay up on Connecticut River from Fort Charles or Number 4 upwards by the 15th day of January next?
How much of these Articles you can lay in at the same place or places by the first day of May next ensuing?
  And whether a regular supply of Cattle could be had there for the purpose of feeding 5000 Men afterwards?

  It is of importance to be informed of these Matters with as much accuracy as the nature of the case will admit of early in the Morning. I am Sir Your most obt Servt

  Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Jeremiah Wadsworth, 16 November 1778
From: Wadsworth, Jeremiah
To: Washington, George

    Sir
    Frederiksburg [N.Y.] Novr 16. 1778

The solution, I am able to give to your several enquiries, will not I fear be fully satisfactory to your Excellency.
I cannot promise to have more than two thousand bbls of salted meat, at Albany by the first day of ensuing February. And the diffi culty of manufacturing flour in the midst of winter will not allow of more than two thousand bbls of flour being in readiness at that place, by that time. By the first day of may next may be collected at that place five thousand bbls of flour and four thousand bbls of salted meat. Supplies of beef cattle may, at any time, be constantly furnished at Albany, for the subsistance of fifteen thousand men, provided those men are part of the army that are now fed.
There may be deposited in the neighborhood of Newbury on Connecticut river, by the fifteenth day of Jany next, one thousand bbls of salt beef & five hundred bbls of flour. In the course of the winter the quantity of flour may be increased so as to make a thousand bbls in the whole. Which quantities of meat & flour are the whole that can be got togather in that neighborhood by the first of may next.
An army of five thousand men, at the head of Connecticut river may be fed with beef after the first of may, including in the supplies, the meat abovementioned that is to be deposited there by that time.
In three or four days, I expect a conference with my Deputies when I shall be able to give much clearer & I hope more favorable accounts of my department. Your Excellencies most Obedient Humble Servant

  Jereh Wadsworth Com. Gen. Purs.


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Ludwig Weltner, 16 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Weltner, Ludwig

    Sir
    Head Quarters Fredericksbg [N.Y.] 16th Novemr 1778

I am sorry to find by yours of yesterday that the ill state of your health obliges you to think of quitting the Service. If you should be of opinion that retiring from the Army during the Winter Season would so far re-establish your Constitution as to enable you to take the command of your Regiment again early in the Spring, I should prefer granting you a Furlough to accepting of your Commission. You will therefore be pleased to consider of this, and let me know your determination. If you conclude to quit the service, I shall make no further objection, but must regret the loss of a good Officer. I am Sir Yr most obt Servt.


Title: General Orders, 17 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

    Head-Quarters Frederick’s burgh [N.Y.] Tuesday Novr 17th 1778.
    Parole Hampshire—C. Signs Harkamer Holden.

At a General Court Martial of the Line November 14th 1778—Lieutenant Coll Williams President Lieutt Cobie of the 2nd Pennsylvania Regiment was tried for behaving unlike an Officer and Gentleman—The Court are unanimously of opinion that Lieutt Cobie is not guilty of the charge exhibited against him and acquit him.
The Commander in Chief confirms the opinion of the Court—Lieutt Cobie is to be released from his Arrest.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Armand, 17 November 1778
From: La Rouërie, Armand-Charles Tuffin, marquis de
To: Washington, George

    sir.
    this 17 nbre 1778

  i had beg as a favour of your Exellency to honour’d me with a recommendation to the hble Congres for grant my officers with theirs Commissions, and my self with the Commission of brigadier. in Case i Could be granted with thoses Expectations, i would beg of your Exellency a Certificat of my services, and allow me to go back to france, but if i can not obtain the Commissions of my officers, i would look upon my self as a teaf which had rober the Confidence and the time of my officer and sacrifeid their lifes with crualty, by promissing them after good athority what i Could not obtain. for my rank i dont say that i deserves it, your Exellency is my judge, but if i am not able to

    be granted with, i will stay in the service till more proper opportunity may obtain it from your Exellency.
as i had never time to prise myself to the hble Congress. i may supose that he shall heard me with a very Cold attention, then sir, i left my charactere and my fortune in your hand.
  as your Exellency desaere that mine men shall march as soon they shall be mustered. i took the liberty to represente to your Exellency that thoses men have been upon a very hard duty during some times that they want for great many things before they shall be able to march. and specially that the officers are not Commissioned and out of any money. Mr shott which told me that he was independant by his Comission, has taken his men, and is separated from me with my great satis faction, him and his officers having, as they persuade every body, so great athority to head quarter, that they would put me neither under their Comand than obey to mine. and which to the first difficulty which they had with my others officers, which they reproched often to have not Comissions, told them Come with me to head quart<ers>. the men from Mr shott having in few time their time out and mine being inlistid for three ears, it Came to be a great justice that the officers which enlisted them have the Command upon them.
in Case your Exellency would ordered the Corps to march, i am ready my self to Command and march with him everywhere your Exellency shall be pleased. but that Corps want to be recruted and if i stay here i shall ask that favour to your Exellency.
as some officer shall left the corps if i’l go to france for go there them selves, and some others are very bisy to philadelphia, they would be glade if the Corps Could rest a little.
the Congres want of your Exellency approbation for my drago[o]ns without it they Can not receive any things which they are wanting of. the gnl scott may have told your Exellency that thoses dragons have served under his Comand with his satisfaction.
if i go to france, and is the pleasure of your Exellency, i shall finish all my account for money to the Congress. being as i believe, under the necessicity to give several bill of change upon france, for paying goodeal of the Expences, which we have been oblig’d to make in recruting. i am with the gretiest respect of your Exellency the most humble and obediante servante

  Armand, Ms de la Rouerie


Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 17 November 1778
From: Clinton, George
To: Washington, George

    Dear Sir,
    Pokepsie [N.Y.] Novr 17th 1778

I have just now received the inclosed very disagreable Accounts of the Desolation of Cherry Valley by the Enemy and of their having taken Fort Alden by Storm on the 14th Instant which at the Request of General Hand I now forward your Excellency by Express.
I mean if I do not hear that the Enemy have left the Frontiers to set out for Schenectady on Thursday to assist General Hand. I shall not therefore have an Opportunity of forwarding these Accounts to Congress. I am Sir with the highest Respect & Esteem your most obedt servt.

  Geo: Clinton


Title: From George Washington to Major General Nathanael Greene, 17 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

    Sir
    Head Quarters [Fredericksburg, N.Y.] Novr 17th 1778

The information I gave you respecting the Forage department, was only meant to excite a close attention to the conduct of those who are employed in the execution of this branch of business; suspicions of unfair dealing, in some of them, having been imbibed.
No direct charge, or regular information, was lodged against the forage Master in this department; for if there had, I should have proceeded in a different manner, than barely suggesting suspicion—Genl Scott of this State, to the best of my recollection, was the Gentn who intimated, that there was reason to apprehend, that from the Wheat which was run through the Mills for forage, a small quantity of the finest Flour was taken from every Bushel, without crediting the public for it—It is possible, upon application to him, a clue may be had to the discovery, if the suspicions are well founded.
One thing I can relate to you with certainty, and that is, that it is matter of suprize to every body, that a Mr Bostick (I think he is called) who never could take such care of his own Affairs as to escape a Goal, should be entrusted with the management of public business. Such a choice, independant of every other consideration, is sufficient to create suspicions of Public injury from neglect or inability, if no other cause. I am Sir Yr Most Obedt Hbe Servt

  Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Moses Hazen, 17 November 1778
From: Hazen, Moses
To: Washington, George

    Sir
    Hartford [Conn.] 17th Novr 1778

  Should the Intelligance from Canada which your Excellency may Shortly receive through General Bayley, and our own Situation in this quarter be Such as Should induce you to order a winter’s expedition to the Northward, Leggen’s and mittens must be provided for the Troops Distined for that Service, which I have heretofore

    observed may be provided in a very little time, and even after the expedition Should be fixed upon—It However may not be amiss to acquaint your Excellency that there is in the hands of Major John Bagelo Commissary of Cloathing at this place, about five Thousand yards of blue Strouds, the Property of the Public, This course thick cloath is the most Suitable for Leggen’s and of the very kind that is used in Canada for that purpose—Strouds is also used occasionly by the Northern Indian’s for Blanketts & mittens—and application has been made by Some officer’s at this place for these Strouds to be cut up into Blanketts for the Troops that are here in Camp five Thousand yards of Strouds will make four thousand pr Leggen’s of the best kind and by far the Cheapest of any thing that can be procured in America.
I therefore beg leave to Recommend the Preservation of that Cloath, untill your Excellency may have it in your Power to Determine whether it will be wanted for the Purposes here in mentioned or not—Major Bagelo I am Told; will write to your Excellency on the Subject of its being cut up into Blankits; and will wait your orders with respect there of.
Taking or Distroying the enemys fleet on Lake Champlain, or Blocking them up at St John’s by Taking Possession of Island oise and Throwing a Boom aCross that narrow River—or otherwise the Taking Possession of all the uper part of Canada, by a winters Campaign are objets of So much Importance that I am persuaded they will [not] escape your Excellencys attention. I Have the Honr to be Your Excellencys most Devoted and most obedt Humle Servant

  Moses Hazen


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Enoch Poor, 17 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Poor, Enoch

    Dear Sir
    Head Quarters Fredericksburg [N.Y.]17th November 1778

You are to march immediately upon the receipt hereof with your Brigade to Enfeild at which place I imagine the first division of the Convention troops will be arrived by the time you get there. It is intended that your Brigade shall guard them from thence to Fishkill by the inclosed Route. You will therefore enquire of the Officer who conducts the first division, into how many they are divided, that you may proportion your force accordingly. Be pleased to appoint a careful feild Officer to superintend each division. You may come on with the front yourself or wait to make any arrangements, as you may judge necessary. Colo. Bland of the 1st Regt of Dragoons went forward by my directions to meet the troops, He is to conduct them to the place of their destination in Virginia: But as he will be wanted to make some preparations for their accommodation thro’ Jersey and Pennsylvania he will leave them under your charge as far as Fishkill and come forward. He will communicate his instructions to you. I would advise you to send your heavy Baggage and Artillery with Pattersons and Learneds Brigades to Danbury. Upon your arrival at Fishkill, you will receive orders for the disposition of your Brigade for the Winter. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt.

P.S. Upon reconsideration you will be pleased to send your Baggage and Artillery thro’ New Milford and Fredericksbg to Fishkill.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 17 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

    Dr sir.
    Head Qrs [Fredericksburg, N.Y.] Nov. 17th 1778

  You will, as soon as possible after receipt of this, put the two Massachussets Brigades under your command in motion—with their

    Artillery and Baggage—and proceed with them to Danbury, where you will receive further Orders. Genl Poor, with his Brigade—is to conduct the Convention troops from Enfield to Fish Kill landing. I have written to him particularly on the subject and therefore it is unnecessary to detail his instructions here. The two Massachusets Brigades can not arrive too soon at Danbury, provided they do not march so fast as to injure themselves. I am Dr sir Yr Most Obedt sert

    Go: Washington

P.S. There have been several claims exhibited against a Lt Trowbridge of the 2d Connecticut Batallion, by Men in his Company—such as bounty and—billetting money—and pay; and besides this, it seems he was considerably indebted to the public. It is said that you gave him a discharge from the service. I shall be glad if you will inform me—whether he lodged with you proper certificates of his being clear of debt previous to his dismission and whether he was at that time or is now in circumstances to pay the claims against him.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Stirling, 17 November 1778
From: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)
To: Washington, George

    Dear Sir
    Elizabeth Town [N.J.] Novr 17: 1778:

The fleet of Transports &c. which for some days past have been at the hook, Came up last Night to the Watering place within the Narrows and were at Anchor there this Morning. I cannot Account for this Manuver any other Way than Supposing the Grand fleet under Admiral Byron has Met with some disaster, and that they have received Accounts of Count de Estangs Sailg As some Evidence of the former, it is Certain that two Ships of the Line and one of 40. Guns dismasted Are Arrived at New York, two others whose Size I have not Yet learnt are also very much damaged; these with the Loss of the Somerset will take off Ad: Byrons very great Superiority. I have nothing to Add but that I am very Sincerely your Excellencys Most Humble Servant

  Stirling,


Title: To George Washington from Captain Lemuel Trescott, 17 November 1778
From: Trescott, Lemuel
To: Washington, George

    May it Please your Exellincy
    Pawtuxet [R.I.]November 17th 1778

Agreeable to Derictions Recivd from Major General Sullivan I have made out & Sent forward to your Exillency a Return of the officers of Colonel Henleys Regt with the dates of their Several appointments So far as is in my Power—the date of Colonel Henleys appointment I do not know.
  Having this oppertunity I Cannot Ommit observing to your Exillency that though I have Returned myself as a Captain in Said Regt yet it is only in Compliance with a former desire of your Excellency for me to Except of a Captaincy theirin—your Excellency may Remember, that at the time of the appointment of the Field Officers to the Sixteen Battalions, I was appointed a major under Colonel Cornell unfortunately for me he finding it not in his oppinion Imposable to Raise his Regt, Resignd of corse, their ware then no Vacancy for me—your Exellency desired me to Except a captaincy with Colonel Henley, Promising me at the time the first Vacancy that Should happen—Since that time all the field officers of the Regiment (Colonel Henley Exceppted) have Resignd—I would observe to your Exellency that I have held the Rank of Captain Since the Commencement of the war—& have had the Command of a Regiment (Though Small) during the whole time they have seen actual Service which is now upwards of twelve months—I should not have troubled your Excellency with an Application of this kind at this time, having heare to foare fulley laid before your Exillency my Pretensions & my misfortunes—but Supposeing that the multiplicity of Buisness on your Excellencyes hands m[i]ght Croud from your mind any Recollections of me—I have just Mentioned Such Circumstances may Bring me to mind. I have the Honour to be with the Greatest Respect your Exelle<ncy’s> most Obdt & very Humble Serv<ant>

  Lemuel Trescott


Title: General Orders, 18 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

    Head-Quarters Frederick’s burgh [N.Y.]Wednesday Novr 18th [1778]
    Parole Thermopyle—C. Signs Trent. Troy—

A few Tickets in the second Class of the United States Lottery are received and ready for sale at the Pay-Office where those who are inclined to become Adventurers are requested to apply as soon as possible as the Lottery will certainly commence drawing the first day of January next, at which time all the Tickets remaining on hand must be returned.
Those who are possessed of Prize-Tickets of twenty dollars in the first Class may have them renewed by applying as above.


Title: To George Washington from Major John Bigelow, 18 November 1778
From: Bigelow, John
To: Washington, George

    Sir
    Hartford [Conn.] 18th Novr 1778

I now Inclose your Excellency an Acct of Blanketts Shoes &ca now Remaining in the Continental Store in this Place, and wait your Order. General Poor who Commanded the Division Lately Under the Command of Genl Gates, gave orders to have the Officers of the Division Supplied with such Cloathing as they Stood in Need off out of this Store, which has been done an Exact Account of which shall transmit your Excellency as Soon as posible, I have the Honour to be Your Excellencys Most Obedt Humble Servant

  Jno. Bigelow


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Thomas Clark, 18 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Clark, Thomas

    Sir
    Head Quarters Fredericksbg [N.Y.] 18 Novemr 1778

You will be pleased upon the Rect of this to cross with the two Carolina Regiments at King’s Ferry and proceed immediately to sufferans and take post at the entrance of the Clove. You will then post small parties at the different passes between that and Hudsons River.
These positions are to prevent the Convention Troops from deserting to the Enemy while they cross above you on their way to Virginia. You will direct these parties to apprehend such as may escape from their Escort and fall in with them, and put them under proper confinement till they can be sent into the Country.
You will occupy this position till further orders. I am &c.

P.S. As soon as you have certain intelligence that the Convention troops have all passed you may call in the small parties. You may in the mean time be repairing and enlarging if necessary the Barracks at sydmans near sufferans as you may probably winter there.


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 18 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

    Dear Sir
    Head Quarters Fredericksbg [N.Y.]18th Novemr 1778 8 OClock P.m.

I have this moment recd your Excellency’s favr of yesterday containing the disagreeable account of the destruction of Cherry Valley settlement, the loss of Fort Alden and of Colo. Aldens Regiment. Upon the first intimation of the seige of the Fort, which I recd from Genl Hand by letter of the 13th, I directed Brig: Genl James Clinton to march immediately to Albany with the two remaining Regiments of his Brigade, to act as circumstances might require. Count Pulaski’s Legion consisting of 250 Horse and Foot is at Minisink and I have ordered two other Corps of about 250 more to the same place. Colo. Cortland is, with his Regiment, in the neighbourhood of Rochester. I mention these particulars to your Excellency, that you may, if you find it expedient to form any offensive plans, command the assistance of these troops either to cooperate with or make a diversion in favr of those to the Northward.
If you proceed yourself to the Frontier I wish you every success as I am with the greatest sincerity Yr Excellency’s most obt Servt.

P.S. You will find by my instructions to Genl Hand that I have recommended some offensive operations if they can be undertaken.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Edward Hand, 18 November 1778
From: Hand, Edward
To: Washington, George

    Sir
    Albany [N.Y.] 18th Novr 1778

On the 10th I informed your Excellency of the Intelligence I received of an intended Attack on Cherry Valley, and the Measures I had taken in Consequence—On the 13th I wrote your Excellency from Connychary, informing you that the Enemy had reached Cherry Valley the 11th surprised Col. Alden, killed himself, taken the Lieut. Colonel and some other Officers, and after Destroyed the Settlement, & Murdering many Women & Children decamped the 12th.
On the 15th I was Alarmed by Advices that the Enemy had retd the 14th taken Fort Alden, & Invested Fort Plank which has no doubt been Communicated to your Excellency by Govr Clinton.
  I now have the Satisfaction to tell you that the Alarm was false, the enclosed Letter from Col. Clyde to Col. Fisher will Acct for the Mistake; the enclosed Papers with those already transmitted will give you

    the best light into the Strenght of the Enemy, & Situation of Affairs in this Quarter I can at present Afford your Excellency.
The Inhabitants of the Mowhawk District among other things have requested that Van Scaiks Regt may be detained in their Neighbourhood for some time, this I could not by any Means Consent to, but have promised to Consult your Excellency on the Propriety of Quartering Gonseverts or a part of it their, you will also See that General Schuyler expects a part of that Regt at Seratoga—From the Instructions I have received from your Excellency I cant look upon Gansvorts Regt under my Direction after it is releived therefore request you will be pleased to inform me how you intend disposing of it.
I am firmly of Opinion that untill the Season & other Circumstances will admit of our Acting Offencively against the Savages, or prosecutg some other Measures that may attract their Attention we will not be secure here, so extencive a Frontier, can never be defended against the Sudden incursions of a Numerous Enemy, especially when they are for the most part to be opposed by Militia harrased by Continual Alarms & dispersed over the whole Face of the Country.
  In compliance with the petition of the Mowhawk Inhabitants I have directed a Block House to cover 50 Men to be erected at Sacundaga, it commands the Water Communication between that Country & Canada, the latter pa<mutilated> their prayer I beleive should be addressed to the Civil power.
As Cherry Valley Settlement is for the most part distroyed I think the Regt Commanded by Major Whiting would be more Advantageously placed at the Foot, or Head of Oswego Lake, if it is not Judged Adviseable to remove it to the Mowhawk River, the Head of the Lake is not more than Six Miles from where the Regt now is, & I beleive would afford them Cover & Storage for Provision &ca. The Foot is 12 Miles it Commands the Navagation of the Head of the East Branch of Susquehannah, & except the Savages have now distroyed them, there are Houses sufficient to Cover the Regt & well Calculated for Defence already built. I am Sir with much Respect Your Excellencys most Obedt & most Hhble Servt

  Edwd Hand.


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 18 November 1778
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

    Dear General
    Roxbury [Mass.] November 18th 1778.

Agreeable to your Excellency’s instructions, some time since received, I had, previous to Major Genl Gates’s taking the Command of this District discharged the following Officers from the Army, viz., October 23d Capt. Gowen Brown & Captain John Langdon of Colo. Henry Jackson’s Regiment.
Captain Lieut. John Cumston of Colonel John Crane’s Regiment of Artillery.
October 27th Captain Nathl Jarvis, Lieut. John Jackson & Adjutant James Carew of Colonel Henry Jackson’s Regiment.
31st Captain Lieutenant Daniel Parker of Colo. Crane’s Regiment of Artillery —and—
Ensign Enoch Pond of Colo. Lee’s Regiment. his Discharge bears date the 3d of June last, the time of the date of your Excellency’s Letter permitting him to resign.
Major Lithgow of Colo. Tupper’s Regiment who had your permission on the 14th of Augt to resign, living at the eastern extremity of this State has not been up since I received your Excellency’s answer; I have wrote him on the subject, and that his discharge would bear date from that time. I have a certificate from Colo. Tupper that he is not indebted to the public.
  Ensign Winsor Jones of Colo. Greaton’s Regiment had your permission in the month of May last to resign his Commission. I have repeatedly called upon him to produce a Certificate of his not being indebted to the Regiment. He informs me that he has several times wrote for it,

    but cannot as yet obtain it; one of my Gentlemen not long since wrote Coll Greaton on the Subject, but has not, as yet, recd an answer.
The warm affection and regard which I have, and ever shall retain, for your Excellency will not allow me to close without wishing you every felicity, and assuring you that, with every sentiment of respect & esteem, I have the honor to be your Excellency’s Most obedient Servant

  W. Heath


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Jedediah Huntington, 18 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Jedediah

    Dr sir
    Hd Qrs [Fredericksburg, N.Y.] 18th Novr 1778

I am informed by Colo. Bland who has the care of the convention Troops, that the first division of them would be at Sharon this Night. It is more than probable that many of these under the pretence of desertion will endeavour to find their way into New York; I would therefore wish you to stop all that may happen in your way and detain them untill you think their release may be safe—or send them back into the Country, provided there will not be a probability of accomplishing their aim, should they mean to get into the City, with a threat that if they are detected again under the slightest appearance of making their escape that they may rely on the severest treatment—It would not be amiss to warn the Magistrates convenient to you of this matter, who may frequently have an opportunity of intercepting such when it would be out of your power to do it.
I wish to be informed when you expect to arrive at Danbury. Yrs &c.

  G. W——n


Title: From George Washington to Major General Johann Kalb, 18 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Kalb, Johann

    Dear Sir
    Head Quarters Fredericksbg [N.Y.] 18th Novemr 1778

The first division of the Troops of the Convention may be expected in a few days at Fishkill on their way to Virginia. The Escort from the North River to the Delaware is to be furnished from your division. You will therefore immediately select between five and six hundred Men for this duty, divided into six detachments, (as the Convention troops march in so many,) each under the command of an active Officer not above the Rank of a Lieutenant Colonel. I mention this, that there may be no interference with Colo. Bland on account of Rank, he being appointed to superintend the march of the troops the whole way to the place of their destination in Virginia. That the Men from your division may be ready, let them cross the River immediately and encamp near New Burgh.
It is probable that many of the Convention troops may, under the pretence of desertion, attempt to get into New York. I therefore desire you will order a strict watch to be kept, and if any of them are found stragling any suspicious distance from their Corps, that they may be taken up and returned to them. I am &c.

    P.S. Upon reconsidering the matter it will be better to post two Regiments at the Continental Village where Genl Clinton was posted, and <if> any of the Convention troops attempt to pass th<at> way let them be stopped and informed that [they] mu<st go> back into the Country. Returning them to the<ir> Corps will have a bad effect to those who really m<ean> to desert in earnest.


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 18 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

    Sir,
    Head Quarters Fredericksburgh [N.Y.] Novemr 18th 1778

  Count Kolhowski, who will have the honor of delivering you this, is a Polish officer, who is desirous of entering into our service. I inclose Your Excellency two letters in his favour from Doctor Franklin and Mr Deane; added to which he is recommended to me by Count Pulaski, as a brave and useful officer, who served under him in Poland. He wishes him to be placed in his legion with the rank of Captain and the pay of Lieutenant—to perform the duties of the last—’till

    he can give proofs of his talents and obtain some other employ. With very great esteem and respect I have the honor to be Sir Your most Obedt servt

  Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Henry Laurens, 18 November 1778
From: Laurens, Henry
To: Washington, George

    Sir
    [Philadelphia] 18th November [1778]

I had the honor of writing to Your Excellency the 15th by Jones. Yesterday I presented a Letter to Congress from Major General Schuyler of the 2d Inst. together with one of the 10th of October from Mr James Deane which had come inclosed in the General’s Letter; A Copy of Mr Deane’s is now transmitted and by Order of Congress referred to Your Excellency.
This moment half past six, A.m. Your Excellency’s favor of the 14th containing Copy of a Letter from Sir Henry Clinton of the 10th is brought in to me. I shall present it to Congress this Morning, and I hope the House will enable me to return a judicious answer this Evening or tomorrow. I have the honor to be &c.


Title: From George Washington to William Livingston, 18 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, William

    Dear Sir
    Head Quarters Fredericksbg [N.Y.]18th Novemr 1778

  I have your Excellency’s favor of the 7th: It will always be my wish, whenever it is in my power, to afford protection to every part of the State of New Jersey by means of the Continental Army, as I would ever avoid calling out the Militia but upon exigencies. The lower part of the County of Bergen must from its situation remain exposed to the Enemy while they keep a garrison in New York; but when I come to

    make the Cantonments in Jersey, I will, if it can be done with safety, make such a disposition of part of the troops as will answer the purposes you mention. I have ordered Count Pulaski’s Legion and several other Corps to the neighbourhood of Minisink, which I hope will quiet the apprehensions and afford protection to the Inhabitants of the Western Frontier of your State and that of New York. I am with the greatest Regard Yr Excellency’s most obt Servt.


Title: From George Washington to Richard Peters, 18 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Peters, Richard

    Sir
    Head Quarters Fredericksbg [N.Y.] 18th Novemr 1778

The troops of the Convention have advanced considerably towards the North River. They will be guarded to that place by the Militia of Connecticut and from thence to Delaware by an escort of Continental troops. As I cannot with any degree of convenience send the Continental troops beyond Delaware, I am under the necessity of desiring the Board to make a requisition to the Executive Council of Pennsylvania to give orders to the County Lieutenants of Northampton, Berks, Lancaster and York to hold four or five hundred of the Militia of each of those Counties ready agt they shall be called upon by Colo. Bland, of the 1st Regt of Dragoons, who is appointed by me to superintend the march of the troops the whole way. The Militia of each County to march to the extent of their own bounds which will make the duty very light. Be pleased likewise to desire that the Waggon Masters in each of the above Counties may be ordered to assist the Qr Masters who attend the troops with Waggons sufficient to transport the Baggage. I could wish that no time may be lost in giving the orders, lest there should be some unnecessary delay on the Roads at this advanced Season—I shall be obliged to you for making the like requisition to Govr Johnson of Maryland for an escort of Militia and supply of Waggons thro’ the County of Frederick in that State—I will give Colo. Bland directions to call for the necessary Guards from Virginia after he has crossed the Potowmack.
The troops have hitherto come on in very good order and with great expedition and I hope they will continue so to do thro’ their whole march. I have the honor to be &ca.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Enoch Poor, 18 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Poor, Enoch

    Dr sir
    Head Qrs [Fredericksburg, N.Y.] Novr 18: 1778

Since writing to you yesterday, I received a Letter from Colo. Bland, advising me that the Van of the Convention Troops were at Enfield on the 13th and would reach Sharon to night—also that proper arrangements had been made & Militia escorts assembled for conducting them to the North river. As matters are so circumstanced & the Troops much more forward in their advance than I expected, I think it best to countermand my instructions to you of yesterday; and that they should come on under the care of Colonel Bland & the Militia provided for the purpose. You however will put your Brigade in motion with it’s baggage and Artillery—and proceed to Fish Kill by the shortest route, with as much expedition as you can, without injuring your Men, where you will receive further orders from Major Genl McDougal. I am Dr sir with great regard & esteem Yr Most Obedt servant.