Title: From George Washington to Robert Dinwiddie, 9 November 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Dinwiddie, Robert

[Winchester, 9 November 1756]
To The Honble Robert Dinwiddie Esquire Governor of Virginia.Honble Sir,

In mine from Hallifax I promised your Honour a particular detail of my remarks and observations, upon the situation of our Frontiers, when I arrived at this place. Altho’ I was pretty explicit in my former, I can not avoid recapitulating part of the subject now: as my duty, and its importance for redress, are strong motives. From Fort-Trial, on Smith’s river, I returned to Fort-William, on Cuttawba, where I met Colonel Buchanan with about 30 men (chiefly officers) to conduct me up Jackson’s-river, along the range of forts. With this small company of Irregulars; with whom order, regularity, circumspection and vigilance were matters of derision and contempt, we set out; and by the protection of Providence, reached Augusta Court-house in 7 days, without meeting the enemy; otherwise we must have fallen a Sacrifice, thro’ the indiscretion of these hooping, hallooing, Gentlemen-Soldiers!
This Jaunt afforded me great opportunity of seeing the bad regulation of the militia; the disorderly proceedings of the Garrisons; and the unhappy circumstances of the Inhabitants—First, of the militia: The difficulty of collecting them upon any emergency whatever, I have often spoken of as grievous; and appeal to sad experience, both in this & other counties, how great a disadvantage it is: the enemy having every opportunity to plunder, kill & escape, before they can afford any assistance. And not to mention the expensiveness of their service in general, I can instance several cases, where a Captain, Lieutenant, and I may add an Ensign, with two or three Sergeants, and six or eight men, will go upon duty at a time. The proportion of expence, in this case, is so unjust & obvious, your Honor wants not to be proved.
Then these men when raised, are to be continued only one month on duty, half of which time is lost in their marching out and home (especially those from the adjacent counties) who

must be on duty sometime before they reach their Stations; by which means double sets of men are in pay at the same time and for the same Service. Again, the waste of provision they make is unaccountable; no method or order, in being served, or purchasing at the best rates; but quite the reverse. Allowance for each man as other Soldiers do, they look upon as the highest indignity; and wou’d sooner starve, than carry a few days provision on their backs for conveniency. But upon their march when breakfast is wanted, knock down the first Beef, &c. they meet with, and after regaling, march on until Dinner—then take the same method; and so for supper likewise, to the great oppression of the people. Or if they chance to impress cattle for provision, the valuation is left to ignorant and indifferent neighbours who have suffered by those practises, and, despairing of their pay, exact high prices—and thus the public is imposed on at all events. I might add I believe that, for the want of proper Laws to govern the militia by (for I can not ascribe it to any other cause;) they are obstinate, self-willed, perverse; of little or no service to the people, and very burthensome to the Country: Every mean individual has his own crude notion of things, and must undertake to direct. If his advice is neglected, he thinks himself slighted, abased and injured; and, to redress his wrongs, will depart for his home. These, Sir, are literally matters of fact; partly from persons of undoubted veracity, but chiefly from my own observations.
Secondly; Concerning the Garrisons—I found them very weak for want of men; but more so by indolence and irregularity. None I saw in a posture of defence, and few that might not be surprized with the greatest ease. An instance of this appeared at Dickinson’s Fort, where the Indians ran down, caught several children playing under the walls, and had got to the gate, before they were discovered. Was not Vass’s fort surprized, and a good many souls lost, in the same manner? They keep no Guard but just when the enemy is about; and are under fearful apprehensions of them. Nor ever stir out of the forts from the time they reach them, ’till relieved on their month being expired: at which time they march off, be the event as it will. So that the neighbourhood may be ravaged by the Enemy, and they not the wiser. Of the ammunition they are as careless as of the provision, firing it away frequently at Targets

for wagers. On our journey, as we approached one of their forts, we heard a quick fire for several minutes, and concluded for certain, that they were attacked, so marched in the best manner to their relief; but when we came up, found they were diverting at marks. These men afford no assistance to the unhappy Settlers, who are drove from their plantations either in securing their Harvests, or gathering in their corn. Lt Bullet, commanding at Fort Cumberland, sent to Major Lewis of Albermarle, who commanded a party of 60 militia at Millers, about 15 miles above him, where were also 30 men of Augusta, for some men to join his small parties to gather the corn. Major Lewis refused assistance, and wou’d not divide his men. I wrote to him, but got no answer. Mr Bullet has done what he cou’d with his few; not quite 30. Of the many forts I passed by, I saw but one or two that had their captains present—they being absent chiefly on their own business; and had given leave to several of the men to do the same: yet these persons, I will venture to say, will charge the country their full months pay.
3ly—The wretched and unhappy situation of the inhabitants needs few words, after a slight reflection the preceding circumstances; which must certainly draw after them very melancholy consequences without speedy redress. They are truly sensible of their misery. They feel their insecurity from militia preservation, who are slow in coming to their assistance; indifferent about their preservation; unwilling to continue, and regardless of every thing but their own ease. In short they are so affected with approaching ruin, that the whole back-country is in a general motion towards the Southern colonies—and I expect that scarce a family will inhabit Frederick, Hamp[s]hire or Augusta, in a little time. They petitioned me in the most earnest manner for companies of the Regiment—But alas! it is not in my power to assist them with any, except I leave this dangerous Quarter more exposed than they are. I promised at their particular request, to address your Honor and the Assembly in their behalf; and that a regular force may be established in lieu of the militia and Ranging Companies; which are of much less service, and infinitely more cost to the Country. Were this done, the whole would be under one direction, and any misbehaviour could never pass with impunity. Whereas the others are Soldiers at will; and in fact will go & come when and where they

please, without regarding the orders or directions of any. And indeed the manner in which some of the Ranging Captains have obtained their commissions, if I am rightly informed, is by imposture and artifice. They produ[c]e a list, I am told, to your Honor, of sundry persons who are willing to serve under them, one part of those, it is said, are fictitious names another, the names of persons who never saw the list and the remainder are persons drawn into it by fallacious promises, that can not be complied with without detriment to the Service—But were it otherwise; surely any person who considers the pay of the Soldiers and that of the militia, will find a considerable difference, tho’ both under the best regulations. As defensive measures are evidently insufficient for the security and safety of the country; I hope no arguments are requisite to convince of the necessity of altering them to a vigorous offensive war, in order to remove the cause. But, shou’d the Assembly still indulge that favourite scheme of protecting the Inhabitants by Forts along the Frontiers in which many of them too put their dependance—and as the building of these forts has been encouraged and confirmed by an act of assembly—I take the liberty to present your Honor with a plan of the number of Forts, and strength necessary to each, reaching entirely across our frontiers from north to south. This plan is calculated upon the most moderate & easy terms for sparing the Country expences, and I believe with tolerable propriety to answer the wished-for design of protecting the Settlers. Besides, most of the forts are already built by the country people or Soldiers, and require but little improvement—save one or two, as Dickinsons and Cockes’s. Your Honor will see Fort Cumberland excluded here.
The advantage of having the militia in Augusta &c. under one command, I have already hinted, and I think Major Lewis should have your Honor’s orders to take that duty in hand; with directions and orders to secure those important passes of Dickinson and Vass’s, by building a Fort in the neighbourhood of Dickinsons—or by other means—and were it practicable to get the people to assemble in little towns contiguous to these Forts; it would contribute much to their mutual peace and safety, during the continuance of the Indian War. The Augusta people complain greatly for want of money. The other day eleven Indians of the Catawba tribe came here: and we

undoubtedly might have had more of them, had the proper means been used, to send trusty guides to invite & conduct them to us; but this is neglected. One Matthew Tool makes his boast of stopping them, until he shall be handsomely rewarded for bringing them: and Major Lewis can inform your Honor, of one Bemer, who uses every method to hinder the Cherokees from coming to our assistance—Complaint shou’d be made to Governor Littleton of these persons. Indian Goods are much wanted to reward the Catawba’s, and encourage them to our Service. In what manner are they to be paid for scalps? Are our Soldiers entitled to the reward like indifferent people? It is a tedious & expensive way to defer payment, until proved & sent to your Honor. Your Honor and the Assembly should determine these points, and many others very essential—Vizt A Proper method of paying rewards for taking up Deserters; the present being much discouraging in delaying payment until Courts of claims, &c.—Means to replace the Drafts that must be discharged in December—ascertaining the pay of workmen employed on all public works—or empowering the commanding Officer to agree on the cheapest terms with them—How the Servants enlisted for the Virginia Regiment, are to be paid for? We have already recruited fifty odd, and are daily dunned for payment by the masters.
A Report prevails to my great surprize tho’ disbelief—that your Honor had told some persons who applied to you for satisfaction for their Servants, that I had no orders to enlist any. This false rumour occasions very strange reflections—and must make me appear in a very unjust light to the world. I have therefore desisted from recruiting, until your Honor directs me in what manner those already got, are to be satisfied: and I beg your Honor wou’d give me immediate advice on the affair: as the people are impatient, and threaten us with prosecutions from all Quarters.
Your Honor has herewith a copy of the council of war, held in behalf of Fort Cumberland; in which the arguments are justly & fully laid down both with regard to Virginia in particular, and in general, as to the three Colonies: whose mutual interest highly concerns, and shou’d be by them equitably supported. On the back of the copy are my sentiments on the matter, candidly offered your Honor—and to your Honor I

leave the determination of this important affair with the officers of the council. I have frequently wrote your Honor, desiring you would appoint a Commissary in lieu of Mr Walker, who has declined acting and been absent for many months: but as I never had your Honors answer, I have in consequence of your first & since repeated instructions, made choice of a person, who I believe will do that duty with every necessary diligence and care; & hope your Honor will approve my proceeding. The £100 paid Colonel Stephen of the Rangers money (by Colonel Fairfax) have already been accounted for to the committee. I have since received from Colo. Fairfax £68.13.9 on the countrys credit, and to be settled with my other accompts. As touching a Chaplain—If the Government will grant a subsistance we can readily get a person of merit to accept of the place, without giving the Commissary any trouble on that point: as it is highly necessary we shou’d be reformed from those crimes and enormities we are so universally accused of.
Your Honour has had advice of two Spies that were taken at Fort Cumberland; one of whom they quickly hung up as his just reward, being a Deserter; the other was sent to Governor Sharpe, to give information of the infernal practices followed by some of the Priests of that province, in holding correspondence with our Enemy. I am Honble Sir, &c.

G:W.

Winchester, Novr 9th 1756.
N.B. I am just setting out for Fort Cumberland.


Title: Enclosure: Proposal for Frontier Forts, 9 November 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[c.9 November 1756]

A Plan of the number of Forts, and strength necessary to each, extending entirely across our Frontiers, from South to north.

                  Names of theforts, or personsCommandg in ’em.
                  On what watersplaced
                  Distance from eachother in miles
                  No. of menGarrisoning each

                  Capt. Harris
                  Mayo

                  20

                  Galloway
                  Smith’s-river
                  15 miles
                  20

                  Terry
                  Black-water
                  26
                  20

                  Hogg
                  Roanoke
                  26
                  150

                  Not built
                  Do at Bryants [William Bryan]
                  18
                  50

                  Fort William
                  Catawba Bra. of Jas river
                  18
                  75

                  Not built
                  Craiks-Creek, Br. of do
                  15
                  40

                  Dickensons
                  Jackson’s-river
                  18
                  250

                  Brakenridge
                  Do
                  16
                  40

                  Fort Dinwiddie
                  Do
                  14
                  100

                  Christy
                  Do
                  15
                  40

                  Between this & Trout Rock, not yet built

                  18
                  50

                  Trout-Rock not bu.
                  So. Branch
                  15
                  75

                  Upper Settlement
                  Do
                  20
                  60

                  Fort Defiance
                  Do
                  20
                  60

                  Fort Pleasant
                  Do
                  20
                  60

                  Fort at Cockes’s
                  Patt. Creek
                  20
                  500

                  Fort at Ashby’s
                  Do
                  12
                  60

                  Fort at Parkers
                  So. Branch
                  10
                  30

                  Enocks, not built
                  Cacapehon
                  15
                  75

                  Maidstone
                  Potomack
                  30
                  125

                  Winchester

                  100

                  Total 2,000

This plan is calculated upon the most moderate and easy terms for sparing the Country expences, and I believe with tolerable justness may answer the design of protecting the inhabitants. It may be objected, that the distance between some of the forts is too small; in answer to which I must observe, they are generally fixed upon the heads of creeks, &c. extending towards the alleghany mountains, with almost inaccessible mountains between them, and are placed in the most commodious manner for securing the inhabitants of such waters. Some Garrisons are larger than others, according as they cover a thick or thin Settlement. The fort at Vass’s, (which Capt. Hogg is now building) is in a much exposed gap, subject to the inroads of the southern Indians, and in a manner covers the greatest part of Bedford & Hallifax—Dickensons is situated for the defence of a once numerous & fertile Settlement, on the Bull Cow & calf-pastures; and lies directly in the Shawnese path to Ohio, and must be a place of rendezvous, if an Expedition is conducted against the Ohio Indians below Du Quesne. The Garrisons on the potomack-waters, are yet larger than any; because an invasion is most to be dreaded on this Quarter.
It will be seen Fort Cumberland is not mentioned in this plan. If we act only on the defensive (a System on which this plan is founded) I think it employs a large garrison to very little advantage to Virginia: If we act offensively, it may be of infinite use, if properly fortified; and the Garrison at Cockes’s, will then only consist of about 50 or 60, as the rest may be removed to Fort Cumberland.


Title: From George Washington to John Robinson, 9 November 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Robinson, John

[Winchester, 9 November 1756]
To John Robinson Esqre Tresurer.Dear Sir,

I am just returned from a tedious and troublesome tour around our frontiers which has afforded me many unpleasing

views of the melancholy condition of our countrymen: arising chiefly from the indolence and irregularity of the militia, posted in different places for their protection.
I have always made it a principle of duty to promote the interest and Service of my Country by every endeavour, in contempt of all the calumny & censure that malice and ill-nature may suggest. And as many matters require speedy redress; I shall hint such as I think claim the serious regard of the approaching Assembly; which I hope will be received as the sincere dictates of a dispassionate mind, void of every view but the public good!
1st The bad order of the Militia, & the insufficiency of defending the Inhabitants by them, are absolute certainties I have long been convinced of: But in Augusta and other frontier counties, they prove it by sad experience; which I have often regretted[.] The difficulty of collecting them in time of danger is so prejudicial, that the Enemy have every oppertunity to plunder, kill, scalp, and escape before they appear—The want of order, regulation & obedience, prevent any good effects, their assistance & force might have. For every petty person must assume command, direct and advise: otherwise he takes huff, thinks his wisdom & merit affronted, and so marches off in high contempt of every social Law. Then the expensiveness of supporting them, is in general very burthensome but where instances are of a Capt. Lieut. and Ensign, with two or three Sergeants, and six or eight men, going upon duty at a time. The disproportion of men and officers is so remarkable as to need no further proof of the injustice done the country. Again, the waste of provision is unaccountable; they follow no method in serving a certain quota to each man—This wou’d be the highest indignity: and they would sooner starve than carry a few days provision on their backs, for conveniency, as other Soldiers do: But regardless and prodigal of every thing—Upon their marches they kill the first cattle they meet with, when Breakfast is wanted; and after this repast, march on ’till Dinner calls, then take the same method—and so also for Supper; leaving the remainder after eating, for wolves and buzzards. If by chance they impress provisions; the valuation is left to ignorant and indifferent people, who have themselves suffered by those practices;

and who, despairing of pay, exact high prices. Lastly these militia being raised only for a month, lose half the time in marching out & home (especially those who come from the adjacent Counties) who must be on duty sometime before they reach their Station; by which means double sets of men are in pay at the same time, and for the same Service.
2ly—The Garrisons I found weak for want of men—but more so thro’ indolence and want of order. None I saw were in a posture of defence; and few that might not be surprized with the greatest ease. An instance whereof happened a[t] Dickenson’s fort; when the Indians ran down, caught several children playing under the walls, and had got to the Fort gate before they were discovered. Thus Vass’s fort was surprized and lost with the Garrison. They keep no Guards, but just when the enemy is about, or under fearful apprehensions of them: nor ever stir out of the forts from the time they reach them, until relieved, when their month is out; and then they march off, whatever be the event. Their diligence and resolution in pursuing the enemy are exemplified in Capt. Hunt, of Lunenburgh; who was perswaded by Capt. McNeil, on seeing a poor man inhumanly massacred on the road close by where I came, to go in search of the Savages—They followed the tracks, and came to a run, thro’ which they had just passed, it being muddy, & the stones yet wet—the number of the enemy was supposed to be about 20, by all the signs that appeared. Here the captain stopped, and finding he came fast up with them thought proper to desist his pursuit; and after some consultation with his men, contrary to the advice and entreaties of Capt. McNeil, &c. &c. did retreat; as appears by the depositions of Capt. McNeil & Colo. Buchanan on this occasion. Nor is this the only instance. Some militia of this county under Capt. Riddle, upon a late alarm, refused to proceed; on coming to fires from which Indians had just fled—all this owing to want of due command and obedience.
The militia are likewise negligent of their ammunition, and waste it in as great profusion as they do their provision; hunting with it, and firing it away at marks for wagers, &c. as I found in my last Journey. Of the many Forts I passed by, I saw but few that had the Captain present: most of them absent on

their own business, and had given leave for many of the men to do the same.
From these and other circumstances too tedious to mention, it must appear a very natural conclusion, that the situation of the Frontiers is much to be pitied. And indeed they have a thorough sense of their danger, while dependant on the protection of the militia: To avoid which they in general declare they must move off to the southward; without some favourable alteration in a little time. They petitioned me with the greatest earnestness for some Companies to the Regiment: But alas! it is out of my power to assist them with any—Unless I shou’d leave this dangerous quarter more exposed than they are. I promised to remonstrate in their behalf to the Assembly & Governor, that a Regular Force might be established in lieu of the militia and Ranging Companies—which are of much less service, and of infinitely more cost, to the Country. Were this done, the whole wou’d be under one Direction; and no misbehaviour pass unpunished. Whereas the others are Soldiers at will, and in fact will go and come when & where they please, without regarding the orders or direction of any person. I have likewise been informed, several of the Ranging Captains have obtained their Commissions by a subtle fraud imposed on the Governor. The certainty of advantage by an offensive scheme of action, is beyond any doubt much preferable to our defensive measures, and requires no arguments with you, Sir, I presume, for proof. Our scattered force avails little to stop the secret incursions of the Savages—so separated & dispersed into weak parties: and can only perhaps put them to flight, or ’fright them to another part of the Country—which answers not the end proposed. Whereas, had we strength enough to invade their lands, and assault their Towns, we shou’d then restrain them from coming abroad, and leave their families exposed—We should then remove the principal cause, and have stronger probability of success. We shou’d then be free from the many alarms, mischiefs and murders that now attend us—We shou’d then inspirit up the hearts of our few Indian friends, and gain more esteem with them. In short, cou’d Pennsylvania & maryland be induced to join us in an expedition of this nature; and to petition His Excellency Lord Loudon, for a small train of artillery, with

some Engineers: We shou’d then be able in all human probability to subdue the terror of Fort Du Quesne; retrieve our character with the Indians, and restore peace to our unhappy Frontiers.
I wish sincerely the three Colonies cou’d be brought to act in conjunction as our frontiers are so contiguous, and our mutual interest so closely connected—But, shou’d our Assembly still pursue the defensive, by confiding in the security of Forts—a system of much incertainty and danger, where the frontiers is so very extensive; and next to an impossibility of being defended—after all shou’d they yet encourage this method—allow me, Sir, to offer a plan of the strength necessary to support these Forts, and the number of Forts that is requisite—most of which are already built by the militia & Soldiers and want little improvement; save those of Dickenson & Cocks’s.
This plan is calculated upon the most moderate terms; and employs as few men as possibly can be proposed for the Service. And indeed the most probable method to render this plan efficacious wou’d be to induce the inhabitants to assemble in Townships, contiguous to these Forts—as many of them seem agreeable to the proposal, and would be more encouraged by the sanction of the Assembly. Then they cou’d cultivate their lands, preserve their Stocks, and contribute to their mutual security.
Thus did the New-Englanders settle when infested as we are now. And answers well in either case, defensive or offensive. The number of men I have computed also, to serve in both cases, fewer cou’d not do, to afford a number sufficient to join in an expedition, and leave enough to preserve the Forts. And, shou’d they only act as Scouts, in defending the country; a less number could not afford constant Ranging parties, and cover the scattered inhabitants: besides the expence of 2000 Regulars, would not surpass the present charge of the militia, Rangers, &c. now employed. And to raise this number of men, I know of no other method than to enlist Servants, even Convicts not excepted; the difficulty will be so great. We have already recruited 50 Servants or more, in consequence of the Governors orders; but no provision being yet made for satisfying their masters by act of Assembly, I shou’d be glad to know

what must be done in this case, as I am constantly importuned for their value.
In case the Assembly shou’d come to the resolution of raising this number of men; I wou’d recommend the plan of Regulation I formerly offered in a letter to you of the 16th April, when the Assembly were sitting.
As the act for punishing mutiny & desertion, is now expired, I wou’d press the Assembly’s regard to enforce the articles of war in general: at least so many of them as are not incompatible with the nature of the Service and establish certain rules for the regulation of your Troops: Also, some other method of paying rewards for taking up Deserters; as it is but small encouragement to be referred to a court of claims, then to the Assembly, & be some years out of the money—whereas, had they immediate satisfaction, it wou’d be a great inducement to the people to be active in apprehending them. And cou’d the common people be brought better acquainted with the Laws against Desertion, and the rewards offered for discouraging it, we would perhaps lose fewer men. The Billeting Soldiers on the inhabitants—and the rates of Soldiers diet—It will never answer to pay 1/ for a meal, when 8d. are only allowed for a days maintenance[.] The wages or rates of workmen employed on public works should be ascertained, or left to the commanding Officer to agree in the cheapest way. The premium for Scalp’s, how to be paid the Indians? and whether our people are entitled to the reward as indifferent people? The way of proving & sending down to the Governor for payment, is both expensive & tedious; and will not suit with the suspicious temper of an Indian, who may think it an evasion of their promises. A Chaplain for the Regiment ought to be provided; that we may at least have the show, if we are said to want the substance of Godliness! As Fort Loudon must be supported—I would represent the prejudice we suffer by the number of Tippling-houses kept in this Town; by which our men are debauched, and rendered unfit for duty, while their pay lasts: neither do the Court take any notice of them, tho’ often complained of. The ruinous state of the frontiers, and the vast extent of land we have lost since this time twelve-month, must appear incredible to those who are not eyewitnesses of the desolation. Upwards of fifty miles of a rich

and (once) thick-settled country is now quite deserted & abandoned, from the maryland to the Carolina lines: Great numbers below that, removed thro’ fear, and apprehensions of danger; and the whole Settlement deliberating whether to go or stay. The cause of such desertion I believe is in great measure owing to maryland & Pennsylvania giving ground so much faster than we do: whereby we are left exposed in a very fine tract of land as low as monocasy, on the maryland side.
As the affair of Fort Cumberland will come under your cognizance; I have herewith sent you a copy of a council of war held there to enquire, whether it was advisable to continue or demolish it. The reasons for and against it, are very just; and as it respects Virginia in particular, answers no other end than guarding Potomack, securing the only road fit for wheel-carriages to Ohio, and employing 170 men, who might be of other service elsewhere.
Indeed, to view it in the general regard to Pennsylvania, maryland, and our Colony; it is of the first importance, and might answer great purposes, were it on a good spot of ground made cannon-proof, & well garrisoned; which might easily be done, if the three Colonies wou’d consent to support & strengthen it. Give me leave to refer you for many things I wanted to have observed and resolved in a long letter wrote you last August, when I sent down to settle my accompts—There you will find matters that require the attention of the Assembly &c. Ensign Fleming compalins of the short allowance made him by the Committee for his trouble and attendance upon the Sick—And indeed as he acted as Surgeon to the whole party, upon the expedition against the Shawnese, as Major Lewis certifies—it was rather little; and more especially as he has had the care of Capt. Hoggs company for this twelve-month past. He now declines acting as Surgeon longer, without assurance of recompence—And as that Company is out of the reach of our Surgeon, should be glad you would take it into consideration. Also that affair of Capt. Peachy being robb’d of £50 as mentioned in the aforesaid letter. Last week eleven of the Catawba Indians came to us; and say we might have had more of them, had we sent proper Guides to conduct them. These essential matters we are very negligent about. As we must reward those few in an extraordinary

way, to encourage the others to come to our assistance; I am at a loss how to do it, having no Indian Goods, and know not how to be supplied.
You have heard no doubt of their having taken two Spies at Fort Cumberland: one of whom informs us, of very unnatural and pernicious correspondence held with the French, by some Priests &c. of maryland. We have sent him to Governor Sharpe, to make the proper use of him. The other being a Deserter of ours, was justly hanged up, in reward for his villanous disloyalty. I am Sir, Yr’s &c.

G:W.
Winchester, the 9th Novr 1756.


Title: Enclosure: Officers of the Virginia Regiment to Adam Stephen, 6 October 1756
From: Officers of the Virginia Regiment
To: Stephen, Adam

[Fort Cumberland, Md., 6 October 1756]

The Coppy of The Officers (of the Virginia Regimt) Letter. To Lieut. Collo. Adam Stephen Commandr at Fort Cumberland dated October the 6 1756.
Sir.
To our no small Astonishment We (last night) perus’d a Paper in the Virga Gazette intitled the Centinel No: X. The Contents of Which are so Scandalous and altogether so Unjust, that We think it a Duty incumbent on Us, Who have the least Regard for our Honor or Reputation to resent such base Treatment in the Strictest Manner. Therefore (upon mature Consideration) We have unanimously agreed to apply to you for Redress; firmly declaring (tho. at present for the great and just Regard We have for Collo: Washington and Yourself, join’d for the Duty we owe to Our King in defending as much as it is in our Power His Colony of Virginia to Which We belong) We do with The greatest exactness obey the Orders of our Superiors Officers. But unless We have ample Satisfaction for these so groundless And barb’rous Aspersions, We are one and All (at this Garrison) fully determin’d to present our Commissions to the Governor (As

in that Paper it is hinted) ⟨wod we⟩ given to a Regt of dastardly Debauchees; and desire that You will inform His Honor We expect that he will provide a Sett of Men for the Service, that will better answer the expectations of Our Countrey and of Himself. We say Himself, beleiving The Printer wou’d never have dar’d to insert such a Paper in His Gazette without His previous Knowledge Or Consent in either of which cases He must have beleiv’d The Censures therein to be Just. Your Sir may therefore assure Him We are resolv’d to obey As Officers no longer than the twentieth day of November next, unless We have as Publick Satisfaction; as the Injury receiv’d In which Time His Honor may (We imagine) procure GENTLEMEN to do that Duty, a Denomination point blank contrary to that which the Centinel has given US.
We are heartily sorry to be laid under The Necessity of being so free with You but hope the Occasion will be a Sufficient excuse for Our Behaviour; when You must be sensible of the Abuse not only Put on Us, but the Whole Regiment by this Author, wherein We are charg’d ⟨illegible⟩ Laziness, Idleness, Drunkeness, and Barbarity wh all manner of Vice. When so far from that it is Notorious that Virginia cannot furnish so great a Number of Men, that are more the Reverse⟨,⟩ A Character We are very Loath to give Ourselves were We not Obligd thereto by the circumstances of the present Case Which require That We shou’d Justifie Ourselves to the Neighbouring Colonies, amongst Whom We make no Doubt We are by this Time become a common Topic of Derision And Ridicule a Favor we are to thank Our Goodly COUNTREY MEN for. We are Sir with the greatest hope Your most Obedient Humble Servants


Title: Orders, 13–14 November 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Leith.
[13, 14 November 1756]Winchester: Saturday November 13th 1756.

The Soldiers to parade to-morrow at 11 o’clock, to hear prayers: and this to be a standing order for the future.

Madrid.
Winchester, Sunday the 14th Novr 1756.

The Officers are no longer to take their tour of Duty in overlooking the workmen—Ensign Smith is appointed for that purpose, and to be exempt from all other duty. No orders upon the Commissary, Quarter-master or any other person or persons for necessaries for the work or work-men to be given by an officer commanding here in my absence, without such order is first signed by Mr Smith; who is to be careful in seeing that such thing or things as he shall require, be really wanted, before he draws for them. He is to give constant attendance on the work-men; to be present always at calling the Rolls; and to observe all such orders as have hitherto been issued, for keeping the men to their duty. The Adjutant for this purpose, is to give him a copy of these orders. The Quarter-master is to give in early in the morning, an exact Return of all the public Stores at this place; distinguishing those that are come from Fort-Cumberland, from those here, before: and such as have been brought from Fredericksburgh & Alexandria. To this Return he must add those Stores which are now on the way from Fort Cumberland; if he has got a list of the particulars.


Title: To George Washington from Robert Dinwiddie, 16 November 1756
From: Dinwiddie, Robert
To: Washington, George

Sir
Williamsburg Novr 16th 1756

Yr Letter of the 9th I recd with a Report of Yr Journey along our Frontiers—The abuses mention’d in Yrs I have been made acquainted with from several Hands, but I expected You wou’d have been more particular in regard to the Officers neglecting their Duty, & the different Forts not being properly garrison’d

with Men, nay witht their Officers: this vauge Report makes it impossible for me to call on the Delinquents—I agree the Militia Law is very deficient, & I hope the next Assembly will make proper Amendments.
The Charges attending the Militia of Augusta is monstrous, & I believe a great Imposition on the Country; I have sent up Money & order’d a strict Scrutiny to be made into each Officer’s Acct & the actual Service done by their Companies—I pity the poor Inhabitants; Majr Andw Lewis has my Orders to bring the Militia into better Order.
The establishing of Regulars wou’d be very agreeable to me, but where are the Men to be got? when You have not been able in a twelve Mo. to compleat Yr Regmt—Commissions granted to Rangers upon producing Subscription was only to those that went Volunteers witht Pay, the ot⟨hers⟩ were by proper Recommendations.
I have repeatedly wrote Lord Loudoun the Necessity of an Offensive War, & an Expedition to the Ohio with the Assistance of our neighbouring Coloni⟨es⟩ but no Answer, I hope to see him here this Winter. I am of Opinion the string of Forts propos’d is only w⟨ea⟩kening our Strength, & will be a poor Defence to our Frontiers—I hope You will keep the Inds. properly employ’d—Majr Lewis has Orders to send up the Cherokees—You seem ⟨to At⟩tribute Neglect in me, in not having proper Conductors, ⟨T⟩he Charge is unmannerly, as I did what I thot proper, tho’ disappointed by the villanous Traders. You have a Quantity of Indn Goods at Fort Cumberland, for Your distributing among the Indians as You see proper; & Majr Lewis will send You some Indn Guns for the Catawbas.
There is no Exception in the Act of Assembly giving Premiums for Scalps—Ct. Spotswood is paid for the one he sent down, the Method of paying them is by Law, & must be adhered to, or can I see much Inconveniency in it.
I cannot propose any means to replace the Drafts I wish You cou’d engage them to list—You know how far short the Officers have been of complying with their Promises when Commission’d—You have a Right to agree with the Workmen employ’d on any Public Works.
If You had sent down the Amo. of the Money due for the Servants enlisted, I wou’d have given a Warrant for the Money

—It’s probable I might have refus’d Paymt to the Masters of some of the Servants enlisted, for want of Certificate, but never said You did not act properly in enlistg them—but surely You cannot thaink I cou’d order paymt witht an Acct from You.
Mr Walker when last here determin’d to continue Comissary, with the Assistance of his Deputy one Mr Rutherfurd, he then had some Money, & Ct. Mercer brings more for that Service—You mention Yr having made choice of a Person for that Employ, witht sending his Name for my Approbation, if Walker declines, which is irregular & I cannot consent to it: The same in regard to a Chaplain, You shou’d know that it’s necessary his Qualificat. & the Bishop’s Letter of Licence shou’d be produc’d to the Commissary, & Self, but this Person is also nameless.
I recd the Opinion of the Council of War in regard to Fort Cumberland, as it was an Affair of great Consequence I calld the Council for their Advice, & I inclose You my & their Sentiments thereon—In consequence thereof I hereby order You imediately to march one hundred Men, to Fort Cumberland from the Forces You have at Winchester, which Capt. Mercer says are 160 listed Men; you are to remain at Fort Cumberland, & make the Place as strong as You can in Case of an Attack. You are to send out Parties from the Fort to observe the Motions of the Enemy if they shou’d march over the Allegany Mounts.
Any Stores at the Fort not absolutely necessary for its Defence, You are to send them to Winchester.
You are to order one of Your subaltern Officers (on whom You can confide) to Command at Winchester, & to oversee the finishing of the Fort building at that Place.
These Orders I expect You will give due obedience to I am with Respect—Sir Your most humble Servant

Robt Dinwiddie

P.S. I have sent Copy of the Council of Wars Proceedings to Lord Loudoun.


Title: Enclosure: Minutes of the Council, 15 November 1756
From: Council
To:

[Williamsburg, 15 November 1756]

At a Council held Novemr 15th 1756.
Present
The Governor

                  John Blair
                  Peter Randolph

                  William Nelson
                  Philip Ludwell Esqrs.

                  Thomas Nelson
                  Mr Commissary

                  Philip Grymes
                  William Byrd Esqr.

The Governor was pleased to communicate to the Board a Letter from Colonel Washington dated at Winchester the Ninth of November, with his Observations on the Situation of our

Frontiers; and inclosing a Copy of the Council of War held in behalf of Fort Cumberland, with his Sentiments on the Matter. Upon reading which the Governor desired the Opinion of the Council, whether it would be adviseable in our present Circumstances to demolish Fort-Cumberland, or reinforce it with a Number, and what Number, of Men, from the other small Forts. The Council having maturely consider’d the Affair were unanimously of Opinion by no means to abandon that Fort, as it would be giving up a large Extent of Country, but to reinforce it with a Hundred Men from Winchester; that Col. Washington be directed by his Honor to reside at Fort Cumberland; make the Fort as tenable as possible; and frequently send out strong Detachments to reconnoitre the Motions of the Enemy. A true Copy

Nathl Walthoe Cl. Con.


Title: To George Washington from John Robinson, 16 November 1756
From: Robinson, John
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Wmsburgh Novr 16. 1756

I reced your Favours by the Express and am extremely sorry to find you are made so uneasy in your Duty; while you are venturing your Life and fortune for the good of your Country, to be aspersed and censured by a vile and Ignorant Scribler, I must confess is sufficient to raise the indignation of every Gent. of Spirit, and no Man can blame you for Shewing a proper Resentment at it, but my Dear Sir, as You justly observe in your Letter, consider of what fatal Consequence to your Country your resigning the Command at this time may be, more especialy as there is no doubt most of the Officers will follow your Example, and then our Frontiers must be left exposed to cruelties and Barbarities of our merciless Enemies, and therefore I hope you will allow your Ruling Passion, The Love of your Country, to stiffle your Resentment at least till the Arrival of Lord Loudon or the meeting of the Assembly when you may be sure of having Justice done You, who those of your pretended freinds are that give Credit to the Malicious Reflections in that Scandalous Libel—I assure you I am ignorant, and do declare that I never heard any Man of Honor or Reputation

speak the least disrespectfully of you or censure your Conduct in the least, and I am sure there is no well wisher to his Country that would not be greatly concerned to hear of your resigning, and therefore I must repeat my wishes that you will continue still in the Command. I could not possibly get the money signed to dispatch to Mr Mercer before this day tho’ I have applied myself as closely as possible, considering the Multiplicity of Business I have been engaged in—I am with the greatest sincerity Dr Sir Your Afft. Freind & Servt

John Robinson


Title: From George Washington to Robert Dinwiddie, 24 November 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Dinwiddie, Robert

[Alexandria, 24 November 1756]
To the Honble Robert Dinwiddie Esquire; Governor of Virginia.Honble Sir,

At this place, on my way to Williamsburgh, I received your Honor’s letter of the 18th instant: and shall take care to pay the strictest obedience to your orders and the opinion so far as I can. The Detachment ordered from Winchester, exceeds, I believe,

the number of enlisted we have there; and the Drafts, which made our strength at that place to consist of about 160 men, will leave us in 7 days.
I have no hope of enlisting any, nor prolonging their stay; as we have heretofore engaged those who were willing to serve: However, my true endeavours shall be strictly aiding for this (more than ever) necessary purpose.
I am very sorry any expression in my letter should be deemed unmannerly: I never intended insults to any: on the contrary, have endeavoured to demean myself in that proper respect due to Superiors. In the instance mentioned, I can truly say, so far from intending a charge or affront of any kind, it was distant from my thoughts; and I meant no more than to shew what strange, what unaccountable infatuation prevailed among the Majistrates, &c. of the back parts of Carolina; who were so regardless of the common cause, as to allow 50 Cutawba’s to return, when they had proceeded near 70 miles on their march, for want of provisions and a conductor to entice them along. This was a fact I did not suppose your Honor was uninformed of—knowing Colo. Cobb had wrote you on the subject. I therefore thought I might be less explicit, and not have incurred this censure by that means.
I seem also to be reprimanded for giving a vague account of my Tour to the Southward. I was rather fearful of blame for prolixity & impertinence, in meddling with matters I had no immediate concern with—and related them rather as hints, to set you upon enquiring, than as a circumstantial account of the Facts: and this I chose more especially to do, as the Colo.’s, Lewis & Buchanan, from whom, being heads of the militia, these representations, fully authenticated, more properly came. And they were represented—at least by the latter, then on his road to do so; and had, as he told me, taken the testimony and Depositions of several persons for this purpose, in order to demonstrate the thing more clearly; and to shew who had and who had not done their duty. When I went to Augusta, it was with a good design; to relieve, if possible, a much distressed Settlement: but finding this impracticable without men and hearing some complaints of Capt. Hogg—and at the same time being desirous of seeing in what manner he proceeded—I continued on in no small danger; yet pleased with reflecting

on this extraordinary Duty, and of bringing myself more intimately acquainted with the situation of our Frontiers which Sir I related as well as I was capable with a design, from which I have never intentionally swerved, to serve my Country And am sorry to find that this and my best endeavours of late meet with unfavourable constructions. what it proceeds from, I know not. If my open & disinterested way of writing and speaking, has the air of pertness & freedom; I shall redress my error by acting reservedly; and shall take care to obey my orders without offering at more. I shou’d not have presumed to have appointed a Commissary, had not your first instructions been plain & explicit in this point; and reiterated letters since that invested me with power. The omission of the name was a neglect indeed accidental, not designed. The Gentleman intended was Mr Ramsay of this place; well known, well esteemed, and of unblemished good character; practised in Business, and comes now properly recommended. I shou’d not have appointed this gentleman or any other to serve as Commissary, had not Mr Walker in repeated letters desired it; and his absence from & neglect of duty, rendered another highly necessary. This I presume you were unacquainted with, when you desired his continuance. Nor may you know that Mr Walker intends to reside at home and act by a Deputy; which, if I may be allowed to say, is equally inconsistent, as if I were to do it. This it is that encourages Mr Ramsay to wait upon your Honor to be thoroughly informed. As the Duty now will become more divided between Fort Cumberland & the lower forts; it may not be thought amiss if Mr Ramsay is appointed to join a second in the commission The business by this means must be conducted infinitely better: and in that case, I wou’d beg leave to mention Mr Carlyle, who is willing to act; and whose knowledge & experience in this business are well known, and need no recapitulating. They are both agreed to hold it in conjunction, upon the same terms that Mr Walker now has it.
When I spoke of a Chaplain, it was in answer to yours: I had no person in view, tho’ many have offered and only said, if the country would provide a Subsistance, we cou’d procure a Chaplain: without thinking there was offence in the expression—Because I was told, the commissary had endeavoured, but cou’d get no one to accept of it. When I spoke about Scalps, I had the

Indians chiefly, indeed solely in my view—knowing their jealous suspicious natures, are apt to entertain doubts of the least delay. and a suspension of rewards causes a dissatisfaction and murmurring among them, which might be productive of bad events at this critical juncture. So soon as I march from Winchester, which will immediately happen (as I am setting out thence; and sent orders by Jenkins to have the Troops paid and in readiness to march) I shall write your Honor a more distinct account of the situation of that place, which will be left entirely destitute of all protection, notwithstanding it now contains all the public Stores of any importance; as they were removed from Fort Cumberland and in the most dangerous part of our Frontiers at least in a part that has suffered this Summer more than any (which has been so well secured) by the ravages of the Enemy. The works which have been constructed and conducted with infinite pains and labour, will be unfinished & exposed: and the materials for completing the Building, which have been collected with unspeakable difficulty and expence, left to be pillaged & destroyed by the Inhabitants of the Town. Because, as I before observed, 100 men exceed the number, I am pretty confident, we have there, when the Drafts go off. So to comply with my orders (which I shall literally do, if I can) not a man will be left there to secure the works, or defend the Kings Stores, which are almost wholly removed to that place. I am your Honrs &c.

G:W.
Alexandria 24th Novr 1756.


Title: Orders, 29–30 November 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Dorsetshire.
[29, 30 November 1756]Winchester, Monday 29th Novr 1756.

A Return to be given in immediately of the number of men in this town, distinguishing the Drafts from the enlisted Soldiers; and mentioning the strength of the two companies.

Exeter.
Winchester, Tuesday, 30th Novr 1756.


Title: From George Washington to John Carlyle, 30 November 1756 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Carlyle, John

Letter not found: to John Carlyle, 30 Nov. 1756. On 2 Dec. 1756 Carlyle wrote to GW: “I was favd with yours of the 30th Ulto.”


Title: Orders, 1–2 December 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Falkirk.
[1, 2 December 1756]Winchester, Wednesday the 1st December, 1756.

Greenwich.
Winchester, Thursday the 2d December 1756.


Title: Orders, 3–4 December 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Hochstedt.
[3, 4 December 1756]Winchester: Friday the 3d December, 1756.

All the Officers in town except the Adjutant and Ensign Smith with 25 men, to provide themselves with Horses immediately, and pursue the 18 men that deserted last night.

Inverness.
Winchester, Saturday the 4th December, 1756.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Dinwiddie, 4 December 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Dinwiddie, Robert

[Fort Loudoun, 4 December 1756]
To The Honble Robert Dinwiddie, Esquire, Governor of Virginia.Honble Sir,

Since writing to your Honor yesterday, a very base and villainous scheme has been discovered; which has been I believe, the sole cause of 18 Soldiers deserting from us last night. The Gentleman concerned is our (late Ensign) Denis McCarty; of whose Character and practises, the enclosed Depositions will afford your Honor a specimen: and with whom all ties of honor and morality are of no force. By virtue of your Honors Commission to recruit for the Royal american Regiments; and under the specious pretence of immunity, offered in a late proclamation: He boasts the power & authority of enlisting Deserters and Delinquents of any kind whatever. With these pretences &c. his ungenerous principles, he scandalously & underhandedly seduced these, and I am afraid many more to abandon their duty and desert the Service. The Behaviour of Mr McCarty while in our Regiment was not so becoming and genteel as it ought: and had he not apprehended the danger of a Court martial with disgrace he would not have resigned to your Honor with so much privacy. I hope this flagrant instance of his unnatural, unjust and dishonorable proceedings, will prompt your Honor to punish such pernicious practises so destructive in their consequences, and so fatal in their effects. I

have dispatched a party of 25 men under Capt. Mercer, with orders that every endeavour and all possible diligence be made use of to apprehend those Deserters, who I imagine are gone to McCarty. and should be glad your Honor wou’d direct what punishment shou’d be inflicted; as the act for that purpose is sometime ago expired. The loss of the Drafts and those desertions, render us unable to manage such heavy timber as is required about the Fort; or even sufficient to do other necessary work there. These misfortunes, and the want of Flour with the Commissary, conspire to retard my march longer than I had expected. I am Honble Sir, Yours &c.

G:W.
Fort Loudon, Dec. 4th 1756.


Title: Memorandum, 4 December 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 4 December 1756]

List of Drafts discharged from the Virginia Regiment; having served to the 1st December, according to Act of Assembly.

                  County
                  Soldiers names
                  County
                  Soldiers names

                  Prince-GeorgeCounty
                  Henry Lewis
                  Middlesex
                  Oliver
                  Wallace

                  Alley Hinton
                  Edward Waldin

                  Christo[phe]r Hinton
                  John Callaham

                  Danl Ryan
                  Wm
                     Dare

                  Jno. Walker
                  Isle of White
                  Joseph
                  Williams

                  Franc. Eppes
                  Henry Gray

                  Jno. Ross
                  Jacob Bell

                  Wm O’Conner
                  John Fulgin

                  Peter Beven
                  John
                  Whitefield

                  Amelia
                  Cuthbt Hudson
                  William
                  Willis

                  Saml Burton
                  Thomas Bracey

                  Wm Strong
                  John Brown

                  Jno. Cox
                  Samuel
                  Whitefield

                  Jno. Strong
                  Thomas Eaton

                  Imrod Hinson
                  Jesse Jones

                  Richd Rodgers
                  Joseph
                  Bedgood

                  Johnstn Lewis
                  Michael Dalooch

                  Newberry Man
                  King & Queen
                  Wm Barton

                  James Lesley
                  John Evans

                  James Ferguson
                  Thomas
                  Gregory

                  George Fairley
                  Richd Baldock

                  Roger Scot
                  Kellis Collins

                  Wm Ferguson

                  James Price
                  Cumberland
                  John Lear

                  James Raitcliff
                  John Maxey

                  Benj. Jenkins
                  Mattw Hutchison

                  Goochland
                  John Shilton
                  Elizth City

                  Robert Perryman
                  Roger Whitesides

                  William Cash
                  Brunswick
                  John Glym

                  Hanover
                  James Vaughan
                  Richard
                  Gladdress

                  Jno. Harris—Quaker
                  James Hill

                  Cornel Harris—do
                  Clemt Lenear

                  Archelaus Stanley—do
                  John Buxey

                  Wm McLeod
                  James Bryant

                  Chesterfield
                  John Patrick

                 Thomas Ravenscraft

                  Joseph Norris
                  Dinwiddie
                  Philip
                  Edwards

                  Wm Packet
                  William Moody

                  John Ferguson
                  Walter Knot

                  Danl Pucket
                  George Palmer

                  Drury Pucket
                  Francis
                  Kenton

                  John Loffman
                  Thomas Little

                  Edward Loffman
                  Fairfax
                  Archd Vickers

                  Charles-City
                  John Craddock
                  New Kent
                  John
                  Ellison—Quaker

                  Jam. Hockerday
                  William
                  Ellison—do

                  Nancey Hedgcock
                  Wm Stanley—do

                  Wm Thompson
                  Zechariah Stanley—do

                  Jno. Bosman
                  Richmond
                  Nathaniel
                  Fushee

                  Wm Fair
                  Thomas Dew

                  James Benge
                  John Hindren

                  Orange
                  Thomas Chambers
                  Francis Hathaway

                  Henry Neilson

                  John Nickson
                  Pr. Wm
                  John Carter

                  Henrico:
                  Josep. Childers

                  James Thomas
                  Northampton
                  Isaac
                  Anderson

                  Wm Snead
                  Alexander
                  Bastford

                  Josep. Cornwall
                  Nathaniel Stephens

                  Samuel Coke
                  K. William
                  John
                  Alexander

                  James Whiteman
                  Richard Pike

                  Jacob Burton
                  John Owen

                  John Lloyd

                  John Heath
                  Pr. Edw.
                  John King

                  Wm Brazil

                  Benj. Oakley
                  Surrey
                  William Willis

                  Jacob Crouch

                  Lancaster
                  George Mitchell
                  Caroline
                  Bartholomew Taylor

                  Miller Doguet
                  Norfolk
                  Thomas Gardiner


Title: Orders, 5–7 December 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[5, 6, 7 December 1756]Winchester, Sunday the 5th December, 1756.
Kinsale.

Limerick.
Winchester: Monday the 6th Decemr 1756.

Monmouth.
Winchester: Tuesday the 7th Dec. 1756.


Title: Memorandum, 7 December 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 7 December 1756]

Memorandum—Wrote to Capt. Hogg per Mr Jones ordering him to meet the Commissary & Paymaster with all his papers, &c. at Staunton the 27th instant, in order to make a distinct and definitive Settlement of every thing preceding that day.


Title: To George Washington from Peter Hog, 8 December 1756
From: Hog, Peter
To: Washington, George

Sir
Staunton 8th Decr 1756

I am favoured with yours of the 15th Accompanying the £500 with which I have paid off the Company to the Last of Octr as also the Wages of the party working on the fort the rest has been Expended in paying the provisions Bought at fort Dinwiddie. But as Lieut. Bullet has Laid in a Large qty of Beeff, there Is yet a great deficiency of Cash to pay off the Whole. I imagined you would Left particular Orders respecting the provisions of that Garison as that at Vauses has not been provided in any more then a Sufficiency to Support the Men there a short Time. I Should be glad to know whether I am to Remain at that place during the Winter or to Repair to fo. Dinwiddie. If the former I hope you will order me my proper Command, as you are Sensible that it is more necessary on Roanoke than Jacksons Rivr particularly as the Militia from the Neighbouring Counties are drawn off by the Governors Orders and some Obstacles hinder the Augusta Militia from Supplying their place at that Garison, which is now very Weak on that Accot.

I am this far on my Way to Williamsburg to Endeavour a Settlement of my Accots with the Comittee, on my Return shall be glad to Receive your Orders where I am to be Stationed this Winter; and how the Deficiency of the money for provisions is to be Supplied, & where I am to Meet the Comisy & pay Mastr to Settle the Accots agreable to your Instructions the Time I will fix as soon as possible after my Return. I am with great Respect Sir Your Most Obedt & Very Hume Servt

Petr Hog

P:S: I have Enlistd some Servants. If agreable to you should be desirous to have your Orders If I may pay the Valueation to their Masters. P:H:


Title: From George Washington to Robert Dinwiddie, 9 December 1756 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Dinwiddie, Robert

Letter not found: to Robert Dinwiddie, 9 December 1756. On 15 Dec. 1756 Dinwiddie wrote to GW: “Yours of the 9th I have recd.”


Title: Orders, 9–10 December 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[9, 10 December 1756]Winchester, Thursday the 9th December 1756.
Ostend.

A Sergeant, and ten men who can be best spared from the works to parade immediately, and march to Joseph Edwards’s to strengthen the party there, and escort the Cattle as far as Pearsalls, and to return here again immediately—This party to draw four days provision.

Portsmouth.
Winchester, Friday the 10th December 1756.

All the men to parade to-morrow morning at beating the prisoners march, with their arms & ammunition; and march to the Fort there to lodge their arms &c. where Mr Smith shall direct; and to bring them down with them at retreat beating. This to be continued until further orders.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Dinwiddie, 10 December 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Dinwiddie, Robert

[Fort Loudoun, 10 December 1756]
To The Honble Robert Dinwiddie Esquire Governor of Virginia.Honble Sir,

Capt. Mercer returned the 7th with sixteen of the Deserters; the other two escaped his diligence. They confirm the suspicion of Mr McCarty’s villany, by confessing, he had inveigled them with promises of protection, rewards, and good usage! and a deep-laid plan was concerted for accomplishing his base designs, binding each individual with an oath to follow him; to stand true to each other in case of being pursued; to kill the officer who attempted the command: and in case of a separation, private instructions to repair to McCarty, or some of his friends, who were to receive and entertain them. These proceedings & the within depositions must convince your Honor, how dangerous a person of Mr McCarty’s principles must be to the peace & quiet of Society.
The Soldiers surrendered to Capt. Mercer upon promise of pardon: and as they seem sorry for their Behaviour, assuring all duty and obedience for the future; I thought it most expedient

to forgive them; knowing we have no law at present to punish them; and believing the poor ignorant fellows less culpable than their Seducer. I hope your Honor will therefore approve of my measures in this matter.
Before this reaches your Honor, I imagine you will have received Capt. John McNeil’s, relative to the Servants recruited in Augusta—I desired him to transmit the valuation of them, according to your Honors directions, fully authenticated, in order to receive the money. Capt. McNeils distance from me deprived me of the opportunity of certifying the accompts; and to prevent loss of time, expence and trouble, I ordered him to take this method; which I hope will not be disagreeable to your Honor.
Upon receiving your Honors & the Councils resolve to make Fort Cumberland tenable, I wrote to Lt Colonel Stephen to set immediately about it; but the want of tools for three parts of the men there, will prevent its progress. At Alexandria I gave orders to purchase a quantity; and Colonel Carlyle had gone to Annapolis for that purpose; so I look daily for the Tools.
The demand upon us at this time. for money is very great, buying provision &c. We have almost exhausted the last sum received; and must be under the necessity of applying to your Honor for another supply in a little time. We long much for the arrival of the Soldiers Clothing. The weather very severe, the Service hard, and men naked—are motives too strong for their accepting the specious promises of McCarty and others. I am Honble Sir, Yours &c.

G:W.
Fort Loudon, Dec. 10th 1756.


Title: To George Washington from Robert Dinwiddie, 10 December 1756
From: Dinwiddie, Robert
To: Washington, George

Sir
Williamsburg Decr 10th 1756

Your Letter of the 2d by Jenkins I recd two Days ago, & observe its Contents, the Return of Your Strength at Fort Loudoun supriz’d me, when I consider’d that Capt. Mercer declared to the two Mr Nelsons & the Speaker, that You had there 160 enlisted Men, which with the fifty Servants recruited after, I thought You might have march’d 100 Men from thence for reinforcing Fort Cumberland, & left a sufficient Garison at Fort Loudoun; but as Capt. Mercer’s Information was wrong, I on receipt of Yr Letter, call’d the Council, not caring to act in an Affair of that Consequence without their Advice. Copy of the Minute of Council You have enclos’d; by which You may observe, that it’s thought absolutely necessary to reinforce Fort Cumberland; at same Time to leave a proper Garison at Winchester; in order thereto it’s further thought proper to call in the Forces from the Stockade Forts, to qualify You to march a proper Number of Men to Fort Cumberland, & to leave a proper Garison at Fort Loudoun with Officers suitable also to appoint a Person to command, who may continue the Finishing of that Fort, to employ Artificers for that Service, & with him to leave Money to defray that Expence, paying for Waggons & any other contingent Charges; to be accountable to You, by producing Vouchers for his Payments, which I think will answer the same as if You was personally present.
I am glad the Stores of every kind are brought from Fort Cumberland, excepting those indispensably necessary to be left there—Why did not You send me a particular Account of the Quality & Quantity of each? which I desire You may supply me with, to be sent to Lord Loudoun—Upon evacuating the Stockade Forts, the Forts may be left standing for service of the Inhabitants,

if they think proper to garison them with their own People.
Since my last to You I recd a Letter from Ld Loudoun, a Paragraph thereof in regard to Fort Cumberland is as follows “As to the Affair of Fort Cumberland, I own it gives me great Uneasiness, & I am of the same Opinion with You, that it was very material to have supported that Fort this Winter, & after that, we cou’d easily have made it a better Post than ever it has been, from what I hear of it; I cannot agree with Co. Washington in not drawing into him, the Posts from the Stockade Forts, in order to defend that advanc’d one; & I shou’d imagine, much more of the Frontier will be expos’d, by retiring Your advanc’d Posts near Winchester, where I understand he is retired, for from Your Letter, I take it for granted that he has before this, executed his Plan, without waiting for any Advice; If he leaves any of the great Quantity of Stores behind, it will be very unfortunate; & he ought to consider, that it must lie at his own Door—This Proceeding, I am affraid will have a bad Effect as to the Dominion: & will not have a good Appearance at Home.”
By which You may observe his Opinion in keeping up that Fort; no doubt he has been inform’d from some of the Officers the Situation & Consequence thereof.
Mr Walker has been here lately, who says his Assistant, Mr Rutherford, has contracted for Flour sufficient for 1000 Men for twelve Months; & no doubt Mr Walker is with You before this, with whom consult for Supplies to Fort Cumberland—And I hope from the above Regulation You will be able to leave so many in Garison at Fort Loudoun as to afford a proper Convoy for Provisions, & on occasion a Number may be sent from Fort Cumberland to meet them on the Road—It gives me Pleasure that going to Fort Cumberland is so agreeable to You, as without Doubt it’s the proper Place for the Commanding Officer.
There were many Indian Goods left by Co. Innis at the Fort, enquire into the Distribution of them, & what remains order a particular Account of them, to be sent me, to be compared with the Invoice left by him.
You may observe that it’s thought absolutely necessary to support Fort Cumberland & Fort Loudoun with a proper Number

of Officers & Men, which I expect You will give due Attention to & give Your Orders accordingly.
I am sorry the Catawbas only propose staying one Moon longer, I hope You will be able to prevail with them to stay the Winter; You do well in giving them good Usage, it is also my fix’d Inclination; but their Demands are unreasonable, let them know that for the Cherokees, consistg of forty Men, I bought only two Horses to carry their Baggage; Soldiers march on Foot, if they want one or two Horses You may purchase them—There are some Goods in Augusta under the Care of Majr Lewis, from thence they may have some Supplies: I propos’d sending Lieut. McNeil to command the Men for the Garison built in the Cherokee Country; if the Catawbas will not remain longer, is not he a proper Person, with an Interpreter, to convey them Home? by his return probably shall have occasion to send out the Men as above.
As to Silver Trinkets for Wrists & Arms, they were never given but to the Chief Warrior of the Party; but if they are determin’d to go, let them known on their return, I shall oblige them with every Thing in my Power that’s reasonable; And write Majr Lewis to supply them with Necessaries for the present from the Goods under his Care.
If You have paid the Masters of the Servants You have enlisted from the Money in Your Hands, send down an Account thereof, & I will give a Warrant for the amount to Your Order. I hope the Cherokees are with You before this; & Arms for the Catawbas, Majr Lewis having my Orders to that purport.
Since writing the above, I recd Yours of the 4th—The Villainy of McCarty is without Precedent, & I think he shou’d be taken into Custody to answer for his Intentions to encourage a Desertion from the Regiment, & on Tryal & Proof will undoubtedly be severely punish’d—He applied to me for his Discharge from the Regiment, which I told him I wou’d not grant, but if You discharg’d him I wou’d approve of it; after that he applied for a Commission to enlist Men for the Royal Americans, but if I had known his Intention he shou’d not have obtain’d the Commission. If Capt. Mercer shou’d be so lucky to apprehend the deserters, I think an Example shou’d be made of two of the Ringleaders, to be shot, after being properly tried,

which I now impower You to do; or the whole to take their Chance by throwing the Dice, one or two of them to suffer for Example & Terror to others.
In the mean Time I desire You will in my Name recall my Commission from McCarty, I know not where to write him, but if at Alexandria, our Friend Co. Fairfax will do the Necessary, & I desire You to write him accordingly.
I have some Petitions from the Inhabitants of Winchester & Frederick County, which I cannot comply with, as Your last Orders are by Advice of the Council & agreeable to Lord Loudoun’s Opinion, which I desire You strictly to comply with; but on the Regulation sent You they will have no Reason to complain; as a proper Garison is directed to be left at Winchester, & I hope that Step will be agreeable to the Inhabitants—they shou’d not know any Thing of the Orders sent You till ready to be put in execution—I remain with Respect Sir Your most humble Servt

Robt Dinwiddie

P.S. The enclos’d Letter for McCarty forward by a safe Opportunity. I wish You may get all the Men McCarty has enlisted.


Title: Enclosure: Minutes of the Council, 9 December 1756
From: Council
To:

[Williamsburg, 9 December 1756]

At a Council held Decemr 9th 1756.
The Governor was pleased to communicate to the Board, and to desire their Advice upon, a Letter from Col. Washington dated from Fort Loudoun the 2d of this Instant, signifying his Apprehensions that the Order of Council of the 15th of last

month will be productive of many Evils, and inclosing the Returns of their Strength at Winchester, amounting to Eighty One Effectives, exclusive of the Drafts. Also a Letter from his Excellency the Right Honorable the Earl of Loudoun, dated from Fort Edward the 25th of October, signifying he should immediately write to Col. Stanwix to send off directly proper Officers to Virginia for recruiting; that he concur’d in Opinion with his Honor for supporting Fort Cumberland this Winter; that he can’t agree with Col. Washington, in not drawing into him the Posts from the Stockade Forts, in order to defend that advanced one; and imagines much of the Frontier will be exposed, by retiring the advanced Posts near Winchester.
Whereupon it was the Opinion of the Board that the former Order of Council for reinforcing Fort Cumberland with One Hundred Men should be carried into Execution; but, as that Number can’t be supplied from Winchester, where they think it necessary a Hundred men should remain with a proper Officer, that all the small Forts, except that on the South Branch commanded by Capt. Waggoner, should be evacuated for that Purpose.


Title: To George Washington from Robert Dinwiddie, 15 December 1756
From: Dinwiddie, Robert
To: Washington, George

Sir
Williamsburg Decr 15th 1756

Yours of the 9th I have recd—I am glad Ct. Mercer has brought back sixteen of the Deserters, upon Promise of Pardon, which I agree to on Your Recommendation; but I hope You will make them sensible of their Crime & that they are pardon’d on Your Solicitation.
You recommend Messrs Carlyle & Ramsay to be Commissaries in the room of Mr Walker, which I by no means approve of—the first resign’d when formerly appointed, & when most wanted, I do not incline to give him that Opportunity again; the other I doubt not is a Gentleman of Capacity, but a Stranger to the Business, & not sufficiently acquainted with the People to make Purchases, therefore not eligible.
Mr Walker has a very good Character for Probity & Capacity, I have therefore orderd him to continue in his Office, & I expect You will give him Your Countenance & Advice; & supply him with the Money, sent up by Capt. Mercer, appropriated for the Purchase of Provisions. I have ordered him to send Mr Rutherfurd with You to Fort Cumberland, & he to remain at Winchester to do the Necessaries there; I therefore expect You will give him all the Assistance in Your Power; it wou’d be cruel to superceed him after he has made such large Contracts for supplying Your Regiment, & at this Time of the Year to leave it to those not so well acquainted with the Business.
The villainous Actions of McCarty really surprize me, & I shall take Care to make him repent of it. I really pity the poor Men this cold Weather for want of their Cloaths, they are daily expected & will be sent up as soon as they arrive.
It’s reported here that Lord Loudoun may be expected in a

Month, when he arrives I shall give You notice of it—Having nothing to add to my former Orders I remain Sir Your most humble Servant

Robt Dinwiddie


Title: Orders, 16–17 December 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Winchester.
[16, 17 December 1756]Winchester: Thursday the 16th December, 1756.

Xinyan.
Winchester: Friday the 17th December, 1756.


Title: From George Washington to William Bronaugh, 17 December 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Bronaugh, William

[Fort Loudoun, 17 December 1756]
To Capt. William Bronaugh, on the So. BranchSir,

You are strictly required, immediately upon receipt of this, to transport your provisions and Stores to Capt. Waggeners Fort, and there leave them: Then march your Company to Pearsals, in order to escort a quantity of Flour to Fort Cumberland; where you & your whole Company are to remain, to strengthen that Garrison. I expect you will pay due regard to this Order, and put it in execution with the utmost alacrity; as it is in consequence of express directions from the Governor & Council.
I heartily commiserate the fate of the poor unhappy Inhabitants, left by this means exposed to every incursion of a merciless Enemy: and wish it was in my power to offer them better support, than good wishes (merely) will afford. You may assure the Settlement, that this unexpected, and if I may be allowed to say, unavoidable step, was taken without my concurrence & knowledge—That it is an express order from the Governor; and can neither be evaded nor delayed: Therefore, any representations to me of their danger, and the necessity of continuing Troops among them, will be fruitless: For, as I before observed, I have inclination and no power left to serve them. It is also the Governors orders that the Forts be left standing, for the Inhabitants to possess if they think proper. I am Sir Yours

G:W.
Fort-Loudon, 17th Decr 1756.


Title: Memorandum, 17 December 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Fort Loudoun, 17 December 1756]

N.B. A Copy of the above Orders was sent to Captains Cocke & Lewis on the Branch. Wrote Capt. Vanmeter to procure waggons, &c. and to assist in the removal of the provision & Stores; & to take due care of them. Wrote Lt Walter Stewart, to receive those Stores and Provisions, and take care of them.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Stewart, 17 December 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Stewart, Robert

[Fort Loudoun, 17 December 1756]
To Capt. Robt Stewart, at Maidstone.Sir,

Ensign Crawford has referred a dispute to me concerning his rank in the Army. I must determine in his favour: and allow their officers to rank by the dates and dignity of their Commissions. For these reasons—vizt That Companies, tho’ esteemed and called Scouts, are raised and supported upon the same funds as those of the Regiment; have the same pay—entitled to the same priviledges and immunities; and are subject to the same laws & punishments: therefore ought, in justice, to have the same rank. The only distinction between them and the Companies of the Regiment lies in this—Were we upon a march, they must, from the nature of their Establishment, encounter more hardship danger & fatigue; which in my opinion, shou’d rather encrease than diminish their claim to Honor!
It is a mistaken notion, in some, that they are Rangers, and shou’d rank as such: The Rangers had a particular sum levied for their support, and laws made to govern them by; distinct from those we have the honor to act under. I am Sir, Yours &c.

G:W.

N.B. To put an end to all future disputes, let the Officers be made acquainted with the contents of this letter.
Fort Loudon, 17th Dec. 1756.


Title: From George Washington to John Robinson, 19 December 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Robinson, John

Dear Sir,
[Fort Loudoun, 19 December 1756]

You are no stranger I presume to the late resolutions of the Governor & Council; the consequence of which I meditate with great concern. We are ordered to reinforce Fort Cumberland with 100 men: and, to enable me to carry that number thither, all the Stockade-Forts on the Branch are to be evacuated, & in course all the Sett[lemen]ts abandoned, except what lie under the immediate protection of Capt. Waggeners Fort; the only place exempted in their resolve. Surely His Honor and the Council are not fully acquainted with the situation and circumstances of the unhappy Frontiers, to expose so valuable a tract of land as the Branch, in order to support a Fortification, in itself (considering our present feebleness) of very little importance to the inhabitants or the Colony. The former order of council wou’d have endangered not only the loss of Fort Loudon, the Stores, and Winchester; but a general removal of the Settlers of this vale, and even to the Blue Ridge[.] This last hath the same object in view, vizt Fort Cumberland; and to maintain it, the best lands in Virginia are laid open to the mercy of a cruel and inhuman Enemy. These people have long struggled

with the dangers of savage incursions; daily soliciting defence; and willing to keep their ground. To encourage them all my little help has been administered; and they seemed satisfied with my intentions; resolving to continue while any probability of support remained. The disposition I had made of our small Regiment gave general satisfaction to the Settlements; and content began to appear every where—The necessary measures for Provision & Stores were agreeably concerted, and every regulation established, for the Season. But the late Command reverses, confuses, and incommode every thing: To say nothing of the extraordinary expence of Carriage, disappointments, losses and alterations which must fall heavy on the Country. Whence it arises or why, I am truly ignorant; but my strongest representations of matters relative to the peace of the Frontiers are disregarded as idle & frivolous; my propositions and measures, as partial & selfish; and all my sincerest endeavours for the service of my Country, perverted to the worst purposes. My Orders are dark, doubtful and uncertain; to day approved, tomorrow condemned: Left to act and proceed at hazard: accountable for the consequence; and blamed, without the Benefit of defence! If you can think my situation capable to excite the smallest degree of envy, or afford the least satisfaction, the truth is yet hid from you: and you entertain notions very distant from the reality of the case. However, I am determined to bear up under all these embarrassments some time longer; in hope of better Regulation on the arrival of Lord Loudon; to whom I look for the future fate of Virginia.
His Lordship I think has received impressions tending to prejudice, by false representations of facts: If I may judge from a paragraph of one of his letters to the Governor; and on which is founded the Resolve to support Fort Cumberland at all events. The severity of the Season, and nakedness of the Soldiers are matters of much compassion, and give rise to infinite complaints. Nor is it possible to obviate them, unless their clothing come in immediately. You wou’d be surprized how the poor creatures live, much more how they can do duty: Had we but Blankets, they might be appeased for a little time, and as we have not, I am doubtful many will desert.
I advised you formerly of our necessity for cash; and would earnestly desire it soon. I think of sending down by the 10th of next month, or sooner if agreeable. Please to inform me by

Jenkins what I may depend upon on that head; as our men are impatient, and with some reason, when without both money & Clothes. I need not urge the comparative advantage of small Bills; as you are truly sensible how disadvantageous large ones are in paying individuals, and occasioning many other inconveniences. We shall have occasion for at least £6,000 to clear us to the 1st January; the Commissary wants above half that sum, to furnish his Stocks of provision, &c. the other will be exhausted in paying the Troops. We ought always to have money in hand, as we are often reduced to many inconveniences on account of waiting for it: not to mention the expence and trouble.
Mr Kirkpatrick will have my accompts to lay before the Committee; and will shew how the money has been applied. I am Dr Sir, Your most obliged and affectionate Hble Servant,

G:W.

      The 19th Dec. 1756.
      To the Honble John Robinson Esq. Speaker.


Title: To George Washington from Robert Dinwiddie, 27 December 1756
From: Dinwiddie, Robert
To: Washington, George

Sir
Williamsburg Decr 27th 1756

Yours of the 19th by Jenkins I recd last Night—& do observe You have ordered the Garisons on the Branch to Percealls, to escort the Flour to Fort Cumberland.
The Provisions lying in Bulk at the different Forts, if possible shou’d be Smoked, which wou’d be a great Saving to the Country & I hope You have order’d it so. As we have had great Rains lately I hope a sufficient quantity of Flour may be secured,

as Mr Walker told me he & his Assistant had contracted for as much as wou’d serve our Forces twelve Months.
The Orders given You at first, were on Capt. Mercer’s repeated Assurances of Your having 160 enlisted Men at Winchester, which, with the Servants You mention’d to be enlisted, I conceived You cou’d march 100 Men from Fort Loudoun to Fort Cumberland, but by the Return You write of only 85 Men at Fort Loudoun—It was thought proper to call in the Forces from the Stockade Forts to garison the above Forts compleatly; but not knowing Your Numbers in those Out-Forts I gave general Orders to call them all in, however after Garisoning Fort Cumberland & Fort Loudoun properly, the Surplus Men You are to fix at any Forts You think proper between the above two Forts, & where You think they may be of most essential Service.
I am surpriz’d Mr Walker shou’d leave his Duty after the Assurances made me (last Time he was in Town) of discharging that Duty with all Diligence, I fear he was not properly countenanc’d, his Probity Knowledge & Experience makes him as equal to that Service as any in the Country, & as he & his Assistant have made so large Contracts, I shall not appoint another till I have his Reasons for resigning.
Colo. Stephens had the Keys where the Indian Goods were lodged, & he must render an Account of them; I have a Copy of the Invoice from Colo. Innes.
I am of Opinion that Capt. McNeill is a proper Person to conduct the Catawbas Home (if You cannot prevail with them to remain some Time longer) & he probably may engage some of their Warriors to come in the Spring—Capt. Pearis & 20 Men, were employ’d to escort the Cherokees and Catawbas, but You may observe how I was disappointed.
I sent Capt. McNeill 500£ to pay the Masters for the Servants enlisted, & order’d him to engage as many as that Money wou’d answer & send them up to You; but ⟨I ca⟩nnot give Directions for enlisting more till I see the Treasur⟨er⟩, to know what Money he may have applicable to that Serv⟨ic⟩e.
Fort Cumberland is to be kept as Defensible as You can till Spring, when I expect Lord Loudoun will give Directions therein, but not to be made Cannon proof unless it can be done at a small Expence, which the Country must pay unless Lord Loudoun otherways directs.

The Paragraph of Lord Loudoun’s Letter to me, is intirely confin’d to Fort Cumberland, he was affraid You wou’d have evacuated, & dismantled that Fort before his Letter reach’d me, which wou’d have had a bad Effect as to the Dominion & no good Appearance at Home—As to the String of Forts he knows Nothing of, or can You, from the Paragraph sent You, think that he either prejudges or has any bad Opinion of Your Conduct, & as Fort Cumberland is reinforc’d he will be much pleased.
I confirm my former Leave of Your coming here when his Lordship arrives, as You will be able to give him a good Account of our Back Country, & I desire You will give the necessary Orders to Your Lieut. Colo. before You leave Fort Cumberland—And I expect You left Directions with Ct. Mercer to continue the Constructing of Fort Loudoun, & that with all possible Expedition.
I was in hopes the Interpreter for the Catawbas wou’d have served for the Cherokees; however I have sent up the Country to engage an Interpreter—You must keep the Indians employ’d in Scouting, if idle they will be thinking of Home.
I approve of the Leave You have given to Lieutts Baker & Lowry, & I shall be glad to see them—I have paved the Way & I expect a good Number of the Tuscaroras & Nottaways early in the Spring & I think Lieut. Baker will be of great Service with those People.
I am in Pain & greatly uneasy for the poor Men’s cloathing—I understand the Treasurer appointed Colo. Carlyle & Mr Chas Steuart to provide them, & I hope the first Vessell from London will bring them; the Severity of the Weather & the Work they have to do gives me concern when I think of their naked Condition; I wish You cou’d purchase some Blankets for the present tho’ I think it cannot be long before they arrive; endeavour to keep them in Spirits for a short Time longer.
You do right in writing to the Treasurer to provide Money You know I am only to grant my Warrant, & when I see him I shall speak to him on that Head.
I shall be glad to have a regular Return of Your Strength to lay be⟨fore⟩ Lord Loudoun when he arrives—I wish You Health & remain Sir Your humble Servant

Robt Dinwiddie


Title: Return of the Virginia Regiment, 1 January 1757
From: Washington, George
To:

A Return of the Strength and Disposition of the Virginia Regiment Commanded by Geo. Washington Esqr. January 1st 1757

                  Officers

                  Companies
                  Where Posted
                  Commissioned
                  Staff
                  Non
                     Commission
                  Effective Rank and File

                  [Field Officers]
                  Captains
                  Lieutenants
                  Ensigns

                  Sergeants
                  Drummers
                  Fit
                     for Duty
                  Sick
                  On
                     Command
                  On
                     Furlow
                  Total

                  Colo. Geo. Washington
                  Fort Loudoun
                  2
                  1

                  1
                  3
                  3
                  1
                  48
                  7
                  12

                  67

                  Lieutt Colo. Adam Stephen
                  Fort Cumberland
                  1

                  1
                  1
                  1
                  2

                  35
                  2
                  9
                  2
                  48

                  Captain Hog
                  Fort Dinwiddie

                  1
                  1
                  1

                  3
                  1
                  31

                  19

                  50

                  Mercer
                  Fort Loudoun

                  1

                  3
                  1
                  41
                  9
                  23
                  1
                  74

                  Waggener
                  Fort Pleasant, So. Branch

                  1
                  1
                  1

                  3

                  39

                  7

                  46

                  Stewart
                  Maidstone als Conogochieg

                  1
                  1
                  1

                  2

                  19
                  1
                  1

                  21

                  Cocke
                  Fort Cumberland

                  1
                  1
                  1

                  3
                  1
                  34
                  1
                  2

                  37

                  Bronaugh
                  Ditto

                  1
                  1
                  1

                  3
                  1
                  26
                  1
                  1

                  28

                  Josha Lewis
                  Ditto

                  1
                  1
                  1

                  3

                  18

                  18

                  Woodward
                  Ditto

                  1
                  1
                  1

                  2
                  1
                  33
                  1
                  2
                  1
                  37

                  Spotswood
                  Fort Stephen[s]

                  1
                  1
                  1

                  3
                  1
                  31
                  2

                  33

                  Chas Lewis
                  Fort Cumberland

                  1
                  1
                  1

                  3
                  1
                  14
                  1
                  2

                  17

                  Peachy
                  Ditto

                  1
                  1
                  1

                  3
                  1
                  32
                  1
                  4

                  37

                  Bell
                  Fort Washington

                  1
                  1
                  1

                  3
                  1
                  39
                  2

                  41

                  McKenzie
                  Pearsall’s

                  1
                  1
                  1

                  3
                  1
                  47

                  47

                  Harrison
                  Fort Cumberland

                  1
                  1
                  1

                  3
                  1
                  17
                  1
                  4

                  22

                  Gist
                  Maidstone

                  1
                  1
                  1

                  3
                  1
                  29
                  2
                  1

                  32

                  Total

                  3
                  16
                  15
                  16
                  4
                  48
                  13
                  533
                  31
                  87
                  4
                  655

                  Absent Officer
                  Remarks

                  Major Andrew Lewis in Augusta by the Governors Command.
                  The Major is return’d in the Colonels Company having
                     none of his own.

                  Captn Stewart—at Williamsburg—Charls Lewis—at
                     Fredericksburg.
                  The Men return’d upon Command from the Colonel’s and
                     Captn Mercers Companys are reinforcing the Detachment at Maidstone &
                     it’s neighbourhood.

                  Spotswood—sent down with
                     the Indians

                  Lieutt Williams In Richmond after Desertr
                  Those from Captn Hog are building the Fort upon
                     Roanoke.

                  Lowry—Resign’d

                  Baker—sent
                     down in order to go to the Tus[caror]as
                  All the other’s are workmen taken out of the several
                     Companys to assist in Building Fort Loudoun

                  Fairfax Resign’d

                  The Quarter Master has charge of the Stores at
                     Winchester
                  It may be seen by the above Return that there is two
                     Lieutts and an Ensign wanting to Compleat

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Peter Hog, 1 January 1757 [letter not found]
From: Hog, Peter
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Peter Hog, 1 Jan. 1757. On 26 Jan. 1757 GW wrote: “Yours from Staunton of the 1st instant I have received.”


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Bullitt, 1 January 1757 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Bullitt, Thomas

Letter not found: to Thomas Bullitt, 1 Jan. 1757. On 24 Mar. 1757 Bullitt wrote to GW: “I Recd yours Janry 1st.”