Title: To George Washington from Major General Philip Schuyler, 31 August 1776
From: Schuyler, Philip
To: Washington, George

Dr Sir
Albany August 31st 1776

I am this Moment favored with a Letter from General Gates, Copy of which I do myself the Honor to inclose you, together with a Copy of a Return and sundry original Letters from Officers of our Army prisoners in Canada.

The Musket Cartridge paper mentioned in your Excellency’s last is not yet arrived—Every Thing that can be procured here or any where in the Country is instantly sent.
I am so accustomed to ill Usage that I am not surprised that General Gates should be informed that I had ordered the Regiments he mentions to be stopped on their March—This Report is only a perversion of an Order of mine of the seventeenth Instant sent to General Waterbury, Copy of which now inclose—The Information on which it was founded is corroborated by a Letter of the 22d August, with which Governor Trumbull has honored me, and which was delivered me after I had began this Letter, in which he says “Innoculation for the small pox I find has been practised by Troops on the March to join your Army—I hope a practice so pernicious in every Respect will be discouraged—I have taken the Liberty to suggest my Fears and Sentiments to General Gates on this Subject—Indeed Sir if it is not timely restrained it appears to me it must prove fatal to all our operations and may ruin the Country.”
I never neglect laying all Letters & papers which I receive from General Gates or from any other Quarter, that ought to be transmitted, before your Excellency or Congress.
The two persons mentioned in General Gates’s Letter to have come from Dartmouth College, have not yet informed me of their Business.
As I could not procure any regular Returns of what provision was with the Army and on the Communication, and as it was necessary that I should be informed of it, on the 20th Instant I wrote to General Gates on the Subject, Extract of my Letter your Excellency will see in the inclosed to Mr Trumbull, as well as what Answer has been given to it by Mr Avery, and my Resolutions thereon which I trust will meet with your Approbation—Your Excellency will please after perusal, to order the Letter to be sealed and delivered.
In my last, I informed your Excellency that the Stockbridge Indians had determined to go to New York. Many of them have changed their Resolutions and arrived here Yesterday on their Way to Tyonderoga. I am Dear Sir Most respectfully Your Excellency’s Most Obedient Hum. Servant

Ph: Schuyler


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General John Morin Scott, 31 August 1776
From: Scott, John Morin
To: Washington, George

Sir
New York Augt 31st 1776

As I heard there was a Council of War this Morning and I was not summoned to attend it, I chose to confine myself to my Duty as Brigadier of the day; in which by the Tardiness of the Guards; I spent three hours on the parade. Will You give Me Leave, Sir, as a Regard to the Interest of my Country compels Me to it, to give You my Sentiments at this important hour. I beleive that in Spite of the precautions that have been taken to shallow the Entrance into the East River, the Enemies Ships may force their Way into it. Should that not be the Case they have the Command of the City from Long Island. Their Ships perfectly command the North River. I have reason to believe that their Troops are filing off to the Eastward; and I make no doubt that under Cover of their Ships of War, now in the Sound; they will throw a large Body of Troops into West Chester County; and possess themselves of the Heights opposite to Kings bridge woods. By this Manœuvre, we shall be encircled with the same Kind of danger that We had Reason to apprehend on the other side of the Water; the Apprehension of which induced Us to retreat. I know of no Expedient to prevent it, but to put our Gallies & armed Vessels, which I hear are ordered round into

the North River, into the Eastern mouth of the passage between this Island and Westchester County. By this Means the Communication between both may be mainta[i]ned Then a strong Garrison in the Kings bridge Works & Woods; and Retreat of the rest of the Army into West Chester County. The City will in that Case be evacuated. I have very little Apprehension that the Enemy will attempt to land in it while We are here; as I think they can drive Us out of it with out that Risk; and we never I am convinced can prevail on the Troops to stand a Bombardment & Canonade—They will be sacrificed to no purpose if they should. Many of them already, as I am informed have deserted. I am also told they are extreamly discontented for the Want of pay & provisions. God knows what will be the Issue. But I think that the Method I propose will prevent the Enemies encircling us; and enable us to keep up a Communication with the eastern States when perhaps the Interruption that will be given us by the Ships of War will soon deprive Us of that Advantage from the Western States; to support which nevertheless with some Detour it might be well to attend to our forts in the Highlands. You will I hope, Sir, pardon the Liberty I have taken. It proceeds from an hearty Zeal in the Cause of my Country, and a real Desire to contribute towards making this Campaign both glorious to yourself and promotive of the Weal of America. I am Sir with the greatest respect Your Excellency’s most obedient Servant

Jno: Morin Scott

May I ask of You, Sir, to be careful of this Letter as it contains my Sentiments and my Brigade Major’s immdiate Attendance at Head Quarters renders it impossible for Me to retain a Copy.


Title: General Orders, 1 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, septembr 1st 1776.
Hartford.Boston.

It being necessary there should be an Arrangement of the troops, in order that they may act with union and firmness—The Army, as brigaded yesterday, is now arranged in three Grand Divisions, under the following officers (Viz.) Major Genl Putnam to command the following brigades. Parson’s[,] Clinton’s[,] Scott’s[,] Fellow’s[,] Silliman’s.
The centre Divisions, under Genl Spencer and Genl Green the former to command the whole untill Genl Green’s recovery. (viz.) Nixon’s[,] McDougall’s[,] Heard’s[,] Wadsworth’s[,] Douglass’s[,] and Chester’s.
Genl Heath’s to consist of Genl Mifflin’s Brigades and Genl George Clinton’s.
The centre Division to hold themselves in readiness to march immediately to Harlem, to prevent the enemy’s landing on this Island.
Samuel Augustus Barker, to act as Major to the Brigade under Col. Douglass; Benjamin Talmadge Brigade Major to Colo. Chester.
Col. Haslett’s Regiment to march to join Genl Mifflin, to whose Brigade he is to belong.


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 1 September 1776
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

Dear General
    Kingsbridge Sept. 1–1776

The Appearance of the Enemy on Long Island the last Evening, near Newtown, Induced Genl Mifflin to leave Col. Hand’s Battalion at Harlem, & proceed with the other Battalions over Kingsbridge, & take Post on the Heights on the East side of Harlem River, towards Morrisania—Consequently Mount Washington has only Col. Hutchinson’s Regiment, & a Detachment of 300 Men for it’s Defence—It is the Opinion of the General Officers here, that all the Troops which marched Yesterday with Genl Mifflin from the City should be posted over the Bridge, towards Morrisania &c. on the Heights, & that Your Excellency should be sollicited, if the Service will admit of it, To order a Battalion down to Harlem, & that Col. Hand may take post towards Hunt’s Point, & that another Battalion may be ordered, to Mount Washington, This is submitted to Your Excellency’s Determination—We are now going to reconnoitre the Ground, & the Enemy’s Situation as far as we may be able to do it—I have Ordered Col. Hutchinson to push the Sinking the Chevaux de Frise, all in his Power—If your Excellency should

want Teams & an Order for impressing them should be sent here, I suppose a number may be obtained—A number of Boats are immediately wanted to form a Bridge over Harlem River Opposite Mount Washington—I have the Honor to be with great Respect your Excellency’s most humble Servt

Wm Heath


Title: To George Washington from Major Joseph Ward, 1 September 1776
From: Ward, Joseph
To: Washington, George

Sir
Boston 1 September 1776.

Your Excellency’s Letter of the twentysixth of August came by the last Post; General Ward being out of Town, I have transmitted the Letter with the inclosed Resolve of Congress to him.
I am sorry to inform your Excellency that Captain Burke in the armed Schooner Warren on the twentysixth of August was taken by a British Frigate about ten leagues without this Bay. Captain Ayers in the armed Schooner Lynch was in Company with the Warren but made his escape, and brought this intelligence.
We hear with inexpressible Pleasure of the Repulse which our Troops under Your Excellency’s Command gave the Enemy, and most ardently pray that it may be a prelude to the total Defeat of those infamous tools of the most infamous Tyrant. I have the Honour to be Sir Your Excellency’s most Obedient Humble Servant

Joseph Ward


Title: To George Washington from John Augustine Washington, 1 September 1776 [letter not found]
From: Washington, John Augustine
To: Washington, George

 Letter not found: from John Augustine Washington, 1 Sept. 1776. On 22 Sept. GW wrote to Washington: “I have had no Letter from you since the date of my last saving the one of Septr the 1st.”


Title: General Orders, 2 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, septemb: 2nd 1776.
Effingham.Putnam.

The General hopes, after the inconveniencies that have been complained of, and felt, that the commanding Officers of Corps will never, in future, suffer their men to have less than two days provisions, always upon hand, ready for any emergency—If hard Bread cannot be had, Flour must be drawn, and the men must bake it into bread, or use it otherwise in the most agreeable manner they can. They are to consider that all the last war in America, no Soldier (except those in Garrison) were ever furnished with bread ready baked, nor could they get Ovens on their march—The same must be done now.
The brigades under Genl Spencer, are still to keep themselves in readiness to march at the shortest notice; but in the mean time are to have regimental and brigade parades assigned them, in case of an Alarm before they move—These parades not to interfere with any of those in Genl Putnam’s Division; to avoid which, the officers commanding them are to consult him, and each other, that they may be disposed of to the best advantage.
When regiments march away in future, the officers are to see that the men take their tent-poles in their hands—All their Tin-Camp-Kettles, and see the Tents tied up carefully, and a sufficient guard left to take care of them.
The Brigades of Genl Putnam’s Division, are to furnish fifty men, to attend at the Hospital, upon Dr Morgan, to whom their names are to be returned.


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 2 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
New York Septr the 2d 1776

As my Intelligence of late has been rather unfavourable and would be received with anxiety & concern, peculiarly happy should I esteem myself, were It in my power at this time, to transmit such information to Congress, as would be more pleasing and agreable to their Wishes—But unfortunately for me—Unfortunately for them, It is not.
Our situation is truly distressing—The check our Detachment sustained on the 27th Ulto, has dispirited too great a proportion of our Troops and filled their minds with apprehension and despair—The Militia instead of calling forth their utmost efforts to a brave & manly opposition in order to repair our Losses, are dismayed, Intractable, and Impatient to return. Great numbers of them have gone off; in some Instances, almost by whole Regiments—by half Ones & by Companies at a time—This circumstance of Itself, Independent of others, when fronted by a well appointed Enemy, superior in number to our whole collected force, would be sufficiently disagreable, but when their example has Infected another part of the Army—When their want of discipline & refusal of almost every kind of restraint & Government, have produced a like conduct, but too common to the whole, and an entire disregard of that order and subordination necessary to the well doing of an Army, and which had been Inculcated before, as well as the nature of our Military establishment would admit of, our condition is still more alarming, and with the deepest concern I am obliged to confess my want of confidence in the Generality of the Troops. All these circumstances fully confirm the opinion I ever entertained, and which I more than once in my Letters took the liberty of mentioning to Congress, that no dependence could be put in a Militia or other Troops than those enlisted and embodied for a longer period than our regulations heretofore have prescribed. I am persuaded and as fully convinced, as I am of any One fact that has

happened, that our Liberties must of necessity be greatly hazarded, If not entirely lost If their defence is left to any but a permanent, standing Army I mean One to exist during the War—Nor would the expence Incident to the support of such a body of Troops as would be competent almost to every exigency, far exceed that which is daily Incurred by calling in succour and New Inlistments and which when effected are not attended with any good consequences. Men who have been free and subject to no controul cannot be reduced to order in an Instant, and the privileges & exemptions they claim and will have Influence the conduct of others and the aid derived from them is nearly counterbalanced by the disorder, Irregularity and confusion they occasion—I cannot find that the Bounty of Ten Dollars is likely to produce the desired effect—When men can get double that sum to engage for a month or two in the Militia & that Militia frequently called out, It is hardly to be expected—The addition of Land might have a considerable influence on a permanent Inlistment. Our number of men at present fit for duty are under 20,000—they were so by the last returns and best accounts I could get after the Engagement on Long Island—since which Numbers have deserted—I have ordered Genl Mercer to send the Men Intended for the Flying Camp to this place, about a 1000 in number, and to try with the Militia, if practicable, to make a diversion upon Staten Island. Till of late I had no doubt in my own mind of defending this place nor should I have yet If the Men would do their duty, but this I despair of—It is painfull and extremely grating to me to give such unfavourable accounts, but It would be criminal to conceal the truth at so critical a juncture—Every power I possess shall be exerted to serve the Cause, & my first wish is, that whatever may be the event, the Congress will do me the Justice to think so. If we should be obliged to abandon this Town, ought It to stand as Winter Quarters for the Enemy? They would derive great conveniences from It on the one hand—and much property would be destroyed on the other—It is an important question, but will admit of but little time for deliberation—At present I dare say the Enemy mean to preserve It if they can—If Congress therefore should resolve upon the destruction of It, the Resolution should be a profound secret as the knowledge of It will make a Capital

change in their plans. I have the Honor to be with great esteem Sir Your Most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Commodore Esek Hopkins, 2 September 1776
From: Hopkins, Esek
To: Washington, George

Sir
Providence Septr 2nd 1776

I am Order’d by the Marine Committee to get the Valuation of the Stores that I brought from New Providence, and as part of them was sent to Newyork by your Order should be glad you would Order Mr Knox, or some other of your Officers to put a Value on them, and order them to transmit such Valuation to me as soon as Convenient.
Sir Should be extremely oblig’d to you if you have Settled a Cartell with Admiral or General Howe, if you would endeavour to get one Mr Henry Hawkings who was taken out of the Sloop L’Aaimable Marie Peter Douville Master the 20th May last, off Shrewsberry Inlet near Sandy Hook, and I believe is now on board the Phœnix, and I hear acts as a common hand—he is young man and a near kinsman of mine, and his Father and Mother are very A[n]xious to get him Exchang’d.
I can send a Prisoner of almost any Rank that may [be] required for him.
Your assistance in this matter will very much oblige Sir Your most humbl. Servt

E.H.


Title: To George Washington from Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 2 September 1776
From: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.
To: Washington, George

Sir
Lebanon [Conn.] Sept. 2d 1776

Since my last of the 31st ultmo have resolved to throw over upon Long Island a Thousand or fifteen hundred Troops, and the necessary orders are accordingly gone forth—and expect the same will be immediately Effected—have likewise wrote to Governor Cooke to afford what Assistance in his Power for the same purpose—Thought it expedient to give your Excellency the earliest Intimation of this Movement, that you might be able

to Direct in what manner they may best Cooperate with the other Troops in serving the General Cause & frustrating the Intentions of our Enemies upon that Island.
As we have various accounts but no certain Intteligence respecting the Situation of our Armies, we are anxious to learn the Perticulars. Remain Sir with the highest Esteem and Regard your most Obedt humble Servt

Jonth; Trumbull


Title: General Orders, 3 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, sept: 3rd 1776.
Vernon.Mifflin

The General most earnestly requests, that the several Brigadiers, and Commandants of Brigades, get their respective Corps in the best order as soon as possible and for this purpose they should join in Brigades as soon as can be, on a parade appointed for that purpose.
The Brigade, Majors according to the new arrangement are to attend every day for orders while they stay in town if they should march to reinforce Genl Mifflin’s & McDougall’s Brigades, they will fix upon one to come to Head Quarters every day for orders.
Genl Fellow’s Brigade to furnish a Captain, two subs. & fifty men, for Boat duty, ’till further orders, to parade at Head Quarters, and receive Orders at eight OClock, every morning.
Some instances of infamous Cowardice, and some of scandalous Plunder, and Riot, having lately appeared, the General is resolved to bring the offenders to exemplary punishment—the notion that seems too much to prevail of laying hold of property not under immediate care, or guard, is utterly destructive of all

Honesty or good Order, and will prove the ruin of any Army, when it prevails—It is therefore hoped the Officers will exert themselves, to put a stop to it on all future occasions. If they do not, e’er long Death will be the portion of some of the offenders.
The state of the Ammunition and Arms, should be a subject of constant attention to every officer.
The General hopes the justice of the great cause in which they are engaged, the necessity and importance of defending this Country, preserving its Liberties, and warding off the destruction meditated against it, will inspire every man with Firmness and Resolution, in time of action, which is now approaching—Ever remembring that upon the blessing of Heaven, and the bravery of the men, our Country only can be saved.
The General orders a return of every regiment to be made immediately, and delivered to the Brigadier, or Commandant of the brigade, so that the Brigade Returns may be made at twelve O’Clock to morrow.
The near approach of the enemy, obliges the Guards to be doubled—the several Brigade Majors are immediately to settle the duty of their Brigades, according to their strenght—This is confined to Genl Putnam’s division.
After Orders. Capt: Hezekiah Holdridge of Col. Wyllys’s Regt appointed to act as Major of said regiment; for the present.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Horatio Gates, 3 September 1776
From: Gates, Horatio
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Tyconderoga 3rd September 1776.

This will be presented your Excellency by Major Hubley, who acted as Brigade Major to the Baron De Wedtke, being desirous to go to Philadelphia upon his Private Affairs, I have granted him permission, He is a Young Gentleman of Character in his Profession, and as such I introduce him to your Excellency.
Brigade Major Scull accompanies Major Hubley, he goes to New York at the request of Brigadier General Thompson as your Excellency will be acquainted by General Thompsons Letter to Major Scull of the 6th of August from Quebe[c].
Nothing extraordinary since my Last to your Excellency has

occurred here. The Fleet under General Arnold down the Lake is Increased to Twelve Sail Carrying Sixty Seven pieces of Cannon, The Three Row Galleys, and one more Gondola, will be ready to Join The Fleet in ten or fifteen Days at farthest The Excessive Rains has caused so much Fever and Ague at our Dock Yards at Skeensborough that the Ship Carpenters are almost all Sick which has very much retarded the finishing the Row Gallies.
I expect every Hour to hear from General Arnold, and the Return of my Scouts towards Canada I then shall immediately make a Report to your Excellency. with great Respect I am Your Excellencies Most Obedient Humble Servant

Horatio Gates


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 3 September 1776
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Kingsbridge Sept. 3d 1776

I find many of the Soldiers belonging to the Battalions, that suffered the Most, in the late Action on Long Island much

Dispirited, & often uttering Expressions that they have lost their Officers, lost their Blankets, & have no money, & the like, I could wish that your Excellency would just think of the matter, & if the Paymaster has Money in the Treasury, that they may be paid—I am confident that at this Time it would answer a very good purpose, & if agreeable to your Excellency, should be glad that I might have it in my power to inform them, that it shall soon be done.
Genl Clinton acquaints me that near one half of the Detachment, from his Brigade which are at Mount Washington are sick, & principally for the want of Covering, on which Account they have suffered much, he sollicits that your Excellency would order a Battalion (or part of one) to that post who have Tents, or if you should not think that proper, that his Men at that post may have Tents allowed them of which he says there are a number in the Store.
I have without Loss of time in Consort with General Clinton been endeavouring to effect what your Excellency was pleased to hint in your last, I think our Prospect appears promising.
I consider our present Situation on several accounts, one that requires the Exertions of all the Abilities of the most able Generals—a well connected Plan must connect & direct our opperations—I ever have been, I still am confident that we may defeat the Enemy; but Art & Stratagem must be our pole Star, & Vigilance & Alertness our Compass.
As great numbers of the Troops are daily marching from the City, & taking post in places where it will be impossible for them suddenly to erect Bake Houses, I beg leave to suggest to your Excellency, whether it would not be highly expedient, to keep all the Bakers in the City, baking of hard Bread, which may be easily conveyed a little back, & may prove of vast advantage—at some critical Time. I have the honor to be with great Respect your Excellency’s most humble Servt

W. Heath

P.S. As a very considerable Alteration has lately been made in what was at first considered as my Division by the removal of Genl Fellows’s Brigade, & other Regiments, I should be glad to be informed, what Brigades or Regiments are to receive Orders from me & where the Division Line is to Terminate.

W. Heath


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Hugh Mercer, 3 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Mercer, Hugh

Dr Sir
N. York Septr 3. 1776

From the present complexion of our Affairs It appears to me of the utmost Importance & that the most Salutary consequences may result from our having a strong Encampment at the post on the Jersey side of the North River, opposite to Mount Washington on this Island—I therefore think It adviseable & highly necessary that you detach such a Force from Amboy & Its dependencies under the Command of an Officer of Note, Authority & influence, with a Skilfull Engineer to lay out such additional Works as may be Judged Essential & proper & the situation of the Ground will admit of—they should be begun & carried on with all possible diligence and dispatch.
It will be proper that a considerable Quantity of Provision should be collected for the maintenance & support of the Camp, & for this purpose I wish you to have proper measures adopted to procure It & have It deposited there & at places of Security not far distant.
As the Continl Officer now at this post will take rank & the command, probably of any you may send, Unless he should be a Genl Officer, I think & wish if you have One that possibly be spared & in whose Judgemt, activity & Fortitude you can rely, that he may be appointed to the command rather than an Officer of Inferior rank. I am &c.

G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Brig. Gen. Hugh Mercer, 3 September 1776 [letter not found]
From: Mercer, Hugh
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Brig. Gen. Hugh Mercer, 3 Sept. 1776. On 5 Sept. GW wrote to Mercer: “I have been favoured with your Two Letters of the 3 Instt.”


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Rufus Putnam, 3 September 1776
From: Putnam, Rufus
To: Washington, George

Sir
Blooming dale September the 3d 1776

according to your Exelencies order I have Reconnoitered every part about the Island of New york and the main as Farr as Frogs point and on a full Vew Find the Enimy have Such a Veriety of places to Chuse out of that its Imposable to prevent there Landing When they please they have Such guides and Intiligence of our movements that they Can always avoid or Surprize any parties that are Posted to oppose there Landing there army is So Numerious that they Can always attack any Devition [division] of our army with a Superour force. and yet while our army is Extended from N. york to kings Bridge tis Nesesary to have a Body of Reserve at this place. But I Can not think it would be Best nor have we time to make fortification Sence the moment any Quarter is attack the whole Body of Reserve I Conclude will be ordored to Support it: I Should advise the throwing obstructions in the way of Landing that they have one weeks provition [provision] always with them and teams Ready to Carry there Bagage whereever the Service Requiers.
I mentioned to your Exelency that I thought your army Should be Collected to gather in Some advantagous place where Supplys might be had and a Camp Fortified in Such a maner as the Enimy dare not attack or if they did must be Repulsed and I think So Still if it Be posable to Effect it. and to defend the passage of the North River which I take to be the Cappital object and at the Same time keep open a Communication with the Eastern and Southern Collonies—is to post the army from Burdet landing on the Jersey Shore—Mount Washington and the Hights South as far as Col. Morrises House on Harlem River the Hights we now possess are at kings Bridge and as farr South

as the three trees—the Batteries on the Jersey Side to be Filled with guns the Battery on the Rocks Below Mount Washington Compleated a new one Builded Below the Hill opposit the Sunken Vessels. these well filled with guns and ammunition. if the Gallies also aforded there asistence would Render it Very Difiquilt for Ships to pass if they attempted to force this post I think they must be Beat. if they Deteached into the Country on either hand it must Scattere there army in Such a maner that your Excelency Must Drub them. But if Supplys Cannot be had at this place at the high lands there may Both by land and Warter. I think there has Ben Some Proff the Ships Dare not attempt that pasage but they are not prepaired to Defend against a land army this is Surly worth attention for if they possess them Selves of this passage we Shall be in a Bad Box for my Sentiments about that place I Referr your Exelency to Ld Stearlings Reports Last May. I know that this Doctrenn gives up york to distru[c]tion and Exposes many other towns to be Ravaged by them But what are 10: or 20 towns to the grand object if they once pass the Highlands I See no way to prevent the Juncetion of there armys Burgoyne Need Never Come from Cannada if How gits to albany our Northern army Must Quit Ticondorroga or fall a Sacrefize. I am your Exelencies most obedient Humble Servent

Rufus Putnam


Title: General Orders, 4 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New-York, septr 4th 1776.
America.Shelbourne.

It is with amazement and concern, the General finds, that the men of every regiment, are suffer’d to be constantly rambling about, and at such distances from their respective quarters and encampments, as not to be able to oppose the enemy in any sudden approach. He therefore not only commands, but most earnestly exhorts the Colonels and commanding officers of Corps, as they value their own reputation, the safety of the Army, and the good of the cause, to put an immediate, and effectual stop to such an unsoldierlike, and dangerous practice; as one step towards the accomplishment of which, he orders and directs that all those who shall be absent without leave be immediately punished.
The sick of the several regiments of Militia are to be discharged if they are well enough to get home, and choose to be discharged—All the other sick are to be provided for in such a manner, and in such places, as the Director General of the Hospitals & the several regimental Surgeons shall think best for them. In giving these discharges particular care is to be taken by the Colonels and General Walcott to see that none but those who are really sick be dismissed and that the discharges be given in writing by Genl Walcott.
The General does in express and peremptory terms, insist upon exact returns of the several regiments, and other Corps, and the Brigadiers and officers commanding Brigades, are to see that this order is complied with, without delay; as it is essentially necessary for the General to be acquainted with the exact state of the army.
Col. Glover, during the absence of Genl Clinton, is to be considered as Commandant of his Brigade, and to be obeyed accordingly.
The increased number of waggons will in future admit of more regularity in marching the regiments than has yet prevailed—Whenever therefore a regiment is ordered to march they should get their Baggage in readiness, but not move it ’till conveniencies are provided. The Qr Master of the regiment should then overlook it & stop all heavy, useless lumber, and the

Commanders of regiments would do well, to take particular Care in this matter. No Colonel is to seize any boat, or waggon, by his own Authority, on Penalty of having his baggage turn’d out and left.
The Brigade Majors are ordered to have their Brigade Returns immediately made, or the General will put the Delinquents in Arrest; unless the Adjutants fail in their duty, and they put such Adjutants in Arrest.
The Brigade Majors both standing and temporary are hereafter punctually to attend at eleven O’Clock at Head Quarters. There has been of late a shameful remissness in some of them.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Fisher Gay, 4 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Gay, Fisher

Sir
New York Sept. 4th 1776

Whether you do not get the General Orders, with that regularity which is to be wished or whether (which is hard to suppose) you do not attend to them, I will not undertake to determine; But it is a melancholy truth, that Returns, essentially necessary for the Commanding Officer to govern himself by, & which might be made in an hour after they are Calld for where care and Order are Observed, are obtained with so much difficulty. Nor can I help regretting that not only regular Returns, but that orders in instances equally important should be so little attended to. I therefore address my self to you in this manner, requesting in Express & peremptory terms, that you do without delay make out & return to the Adjutant General’s Office immediately an exact state of the regiment or Corps under your Command, and that the like return be given in every Saturday at Orderly time without fail. I also desire in terms equally express, that you do not suffer the men of your Corps to straggle from their Quarters, or be absent from camp without leave, and even then, but few at a time. Your own Reputation—the safety of the Army, & the good of the Cause depends, under God, upon our vigilance & Readiness to oppose a Crafty & enterprizing enemy, who are always upon the watch to take advantages. to prevent straggling let your Rolls be called over three times a day, & the delinquents punished. I have one thing more to urge, and that is, that every attempt of the men, to Plunder Houses, Orchards, Gardens &c. be discouraged not only for the Preservation of property & sake of good Order, but for the Prevention of those fatal Consequences which usually follow such Diabolical practices. In Short Sir, at a time when every thing is at stake, It behoves every man to Exert himself. It will not do for the Commanding

Officer of a Regiment to Content himself with barely giving Orders, he should see (at least know) they are executed. he should call his men out frequently and Endeavour to impress them with a Just and true sense of their duty, & how much depends upon subordination and Discipline—Let me therefore not only Command but Exhort you & your Officers, as you Regard your Reputation your Country, and the sacred Cause of Freedom in which you are engaged, to manly & Vigorous exertions at this time each striving to excell the Other in the respective duties of his department. I trust it is unnecessary for me to add further and that these & all other Articles of your duty you will Execute with a Spirit & punctuallity becoming your Station. I am Sir Your Most Obt Servant

G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Henry Beekman Livingston, 4 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, Henry Beekman

Sir
[New York] Sept. 4. 1776

In answer to both your favours just receivd by Lieut. Smith I can only say, that circumstanced as we both are at present it is not in my power to give you any other instructions for your

Conduct than that you pursue every step which shall appear to you necessary & judicious for annoying & harrassing the Enemy, & to prevent their forraging, & while those measures are in any degree effectual I would wish to have you continue on the Island, but as soon as you find you can be of no longer service I would have you make your retreat to the main without farther delay—You will take care to have Boats so provided as to secure your Retreat in the best manner possible. I am with due Regards Sir Your very hum. Servt

G.W.


Title: General Orders, 5 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New-York, septr 5th 1776
Chatham.Maryland.

The Brigade Majors immediately to settle a Court Martial, making an allowance for the Absence, or Indisposition, of any officers. They are to meet at the Brick-House near the encampment late of Genl McDougall, to morrow at ten O’Clock. Notice to be given accordingly. They are first to try the scoundrels, who have been detected in pillaging, and plundering, Lord Stirling’s, and other property.
Such as were directed by yesterday’s Orders to apply to Genl Walcott for discharges are in future to apply to the Brigadiers under whom their regiments are ranged.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 5 September 1776
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
New York Island Sept. 5 1776

The critical situation in which the Army are in, will I hope sufficiently Apologize for my troubleing your Excellency with this Letter. The Sentiments are dictated I am sure by an honest mind, A mind who feels deeply Interested in the Salvation of his Country; and for the honnor and Reputation of the General under whom he serves.
The Object under consideration, is whether a General and speedy retreat from this Island is Necessary or not. to me it appears the only Eligible plan to oppose the Enemy successfully and secure our selves from disgrace. I think we have no Object on this side of Kings Bridge. Our Troops are now so scatterd that one part may be cut off before the others can come to their support. In this Situation suppose the Enimy should Run up the North River several Ships of force and a Number of Transpo⟨rts⟩ at the same time, and effect a Landing between the Town and middle division of the Army. Another party from Long Island should land right oppisite. these two parties form a Line across the Island and Entrench themselves. The two Flanks of this Line could be easily supported by the Shiping. the Center fortified with the Redoubts would render it very difficult if not impossible to cut our way through. At the time the Enemy are Executeing this movement or Manouvre, they will be able to make sufficient diversions if not real lodgments to render it impossible for the Center and uper Divisions of the Army to afford any assistance here. Should this Event take place⟨,⟩ and by the by I dont think it very improbable, Your excellency will be reduced to that situation which every prudent General would wish to avoid⟨;⟩ that is of being Obligeed to fight the Enemy to a disadvantage or Submit.
It has been agreed that the City of Newyork would not be Tenable if the Enimy got possession of Long Island & Govenors Island. they are now in possession of both these places. Notwithstanding I think we might hold it for some time, but the Annoyance must be so great as to render it an unfit place to Quarter Troops in. If we should hold it, we must hold it, to a great disadvantage. The City and Island of Newyork, are no Objects

for us, we are not to bring them in Competition with the General Interest of America. Part of the Army already has met with a defeat, the Country is struck with a pannick, any Cappital loss at this time may ruin the cause. Tis our business to study to avoid any considerable misfortune. And to take post where the Enemy will be Obligd to fight us and not we them. The sacrafice of the Vast Property of Newyork and the Subburbs I hope has no influence upon your Execellencys measures. Remember the King of France when Charles the fifth Emperor of Germany invaded his Kingdom, he lead [laid] whole Provinces waste; and by that policy he starvd and ruind Charles Army, and defeated him without fighting a Battle. Two thirds of the Property of the City of Newyork and the Subburbs belongs to the Tories. We have no very great Reason to run any considerable risque for its defence. If we Attempt to hold the City and Island and should not be able finally We shall be wasteing of time unnecessarily and betray a defect of Judgment if no worse misfortune Attends it.
I give it as my Oppinion that a General and speedy Retreat is absolutely necessary and that the honnor and Interest of America requires it. I would burn the City & subburbs—and that for the following Reasons—If the Enemy gets possession of the City, we never can Recover the Possession, without a superior Naval force to theirs. It will deprive the Enemy of An Opportunity of Barracking their whole Army together which if they could do would be a very great security. It will deprive them of a general Market. the price of things would prove a temptation to our people to supply them for the sake of the gain, in direct violation of the Laws of their Country. All these Advantages would Result from the destruction of the City. And not one benefit can arise to us from its preservation that I can conceive off. If the City once gets into the Enemies hands, it will be at their mercy either to save or destroy it, after they have made what use of it they think proper.
At the Retreat I would Order the Army to take post part at Kings Bridge and part along West Chester Shore where Barracks may be procurd for that part of the Army that are without Tents—I must confess I am too Ignorant of the Ground to form much Judgment about posting the Troops. Your Excellencys superior

Judgment formd from your own observation upon the ground, will enable you to make a much better Disposition, than I can conceive off.
If my Zeal has led me to say more than I ought, I hope my good Intentions may Atone for the Offence. I shall only add that these Sentiments are not dictated from fear, nor from any Apprehensions of personal danger. But are the Result of a cool and deliberate survey of our situation, and the necessary measures to extricate us from our present difficulties. I have said nothing at all about the temper and dispositions of the Troops and their Apprehensions about being sold. This is a strong intimation that it will be difficult to get such Troops to be have with proper Spirit in time of Action if we should be Attackt.
Should your Excellency agree with me, with respect to the two first points, that is, that a speedy and General Retreat is necessary; and also that the City & Subburbs should be burnt, I would Advise to call a General Council upon that Question and take every General Officers Oppinion upon it. I am with due respect your Excellencys most Obedient humble Servant

N. Greene


Title: To George Washington from Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 5 September 1776
From: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.
To: Washington, George

Sir
Lebanon [Conn.] Septemr 5th 1776

Since my last to You I have received Intelligence that since our Troops retreated from the West End of Long Island the Militia have disbanded themselves, laid down their Arms, and are making their Submission to Genl How, and that all Ideas of Opposition there are at an End, two Companies of Continental Troops that were stationed there are arrived at Saybrook; in this Situation we cannot hope to make a Diversion there to any purpose with what Force we can throw over. We can only assist such as chuse to retire from the Island in getting off their persons and Effects, which to the utmost of our power will be done.
I have now ordered such of the remaining Regiments of Militia in this State as can be spared from the immediate Defence of the Sea Coast to march towards New York with all Expedition, that they may be ready, if wanted, to join and support the Army under your Command, make a Diversion either on the Main or on Long-Island, or cover the Country, and if not necessary for any of these purposes, that they, or such part of them as shall be thot proper, may relieve, and take the places of an equal Number of the Militia of this State now in Service, whose Interest greatly suffers by their Absence, as well as the general Interest of the Country.
I have also ordered the Two Regiments of light Horse which did not before march with Colo. Seymour to march towards New York, and rendezvous at or near Westchester, where they are to attend your Orders, and perform such Duty as You shall prescribe either by scouring the Country, and preventing or suppressing any risings of our internal Enemies, in which Service it is apprehended they may be particularly usefull, or any other Duty they are capable of, or to join the Army, and act with them, if you shall judge it necessary and expedient.
The critical Situation of Affairs at this Juncture, and the Information in your favour of the 24th Ulto that your Numbers were yet outdone by the Enemy, has induced me to order these Regiments on this Service, that Nothing may be wanting on our part to the Support and Defence of the Rights & Liberties of the rising States of America.
I have likewise taken the Liberty to propose to the General

Assembly of the Massachusetts Bay and Governor Cooke of Rhode Island, to send forward a part of their Militia, as may be most convenient for them, to join and assist the Army under Your Command. I am informed by Governor Cooke that they have a Regiment there nearly raised, and that the state of Rhode Island is ready to co-operate to the extent of their power in every Measure necessary for our common Defence.
I have it likewise in Contemplation, if practicable to procure a sufficient naval Force to clear the Sound of the Enemys Ships now in it, and have proposed the Matter to Governor Cooke, and requested of him to join their Force with ours, and ask the Concurrence of Commodore Hopkins with such part of the Continental Fleet as are ready & capable to act. I beg leave to ask your Opinion whether a plan of this Nature be practicable and usefull, and in Case it should be attempted whether a Number of Seamen may not be draughted from the Army to assist in the Enterprize. I am, Sir, with every Sentiment of Respect and Esteem Your obedient humble Servant

Jonth; Trumbull


Title: To George Washington from Abraham Yates, Jr., 5 September 1776
From: Yates, Abraham Jr.
To: Washington, George

Sir
In Convention of the Representatives of the Stateof New York—Fish Kill, Septr 5th 1776

I am directed by the Convention of this State to transmit to your Excellency a Copy of a Resolution which they entreat may be carried into Execution with all possible Dispatch.
It is with Extreme Concern that we find ourselves under the disagreable necessity of having recourse to this unhappy but necessary expedient or of troubling your Excellency with a Commission of this Nature—But the critical Situation of this State, the total want of Brass Field pieces, and our inability to have this Resolve executed by the City of New York, on account of their absence from the City, reduces us to the present Dilemma, either of adopting this Measure—or of neglecting the public Safety.
They therefore trust that your Excellency’s Zeal for the public Service will induce you to pardon the Liberty they take of troubling you on this Occasion. I have the Honor to be with great respect your Excellency’s obedient humble Servant

By order
Abm Yates Junr President


Title: To George Washington from Nicholas Cooke, 6 September 1776
From: Cooke, Nicholas
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Providence September 6th 1776.

The Necessity which caused the unexpected Evacuation of Long-Island hath alarmed the General Assembly of this State, as it seems that Communications cannot be kept open with an Island where the Enemy’s Ships can approach. This hath filled us with Apprehensions for the Town of Newport and the Island of Rhode-Island, which are of so great Importance to this and the other United States. Upon which the Assembly have thought proper to appoint John Collins, Joshua Babcock, and Joseph Stanton Esquires a Committee to wait upon your Excellency, to acquaint you with the State of this Government, and to confer with you upon the best Measures to be taken for its Defence, and with Respect to the Island of Rhode Island. I beg the Favour of your Excellency to treat them with the most entire Confidence, and have no Doubt but that the same Disposition which hath always induced you to manifest your Regard to this State will induce you to give us your best Advice and Assistance.
Upon receiving Information of the landing of the Enemy upon Long-Island, and a Letter from Governor Trumbull acquainting us with your Request that a Body of Men might be thrown upon the East End of that Island, this State ordered the whole Brigade with the Two Gallies and a sufficient Quantity of Provisions and Ammunition to proceed to that Island, and ordered them to be replaced by the Militia of the State. We exerted ourselves to get them in Readiness, and some of them were under Orders to proceed, when we received the most uncertain and aggravated Accounts of the Evacuation of Long-Island, which occasioned us to stop the Men until we could receive Intelligence to be depended upon; which we did not gain until the last Evening. I beg Leave to observe to your Excellency the Advantages that may accrue to the common Cause from the several States having early and authentick Intellignece of all Matters of Importance that shall happen, and to request your Excellency to favour us with Accounts of every Thing material. I have the Honor to be with every Sentiment of Esteem and Respect Sir Your Excellencys Most obedt humble Servant

Nichs Cooke


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 6 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
New York Septr 6th 1776

I was last night honored with your favor of the 3d with sundry Resolutions of Congress, and perceiving It to be their Opinion and determination that no damage shall be done the City in case we are obliged to abandon It, I shall take every measure in my power to prevent It.
Since my Letter of the 4th nothing very material has occurred, unless It is that the Fleet seem to be drawing more together and all getting close in with Governor’s Island. Their designs we can not learn, nor have we been able to procure the least information of late of any of their plans or Intended Operations.
As the Enemy’s movements are very different from what we expected and from their large Encampments a considerable distance up the Sound, there is reason to beleive they Intend to make a landing above or below Kings bridge & thereby to hem in our Army and cut off the communication with the Country, I mean to call a Council of Genl Officers to day or to morrow & endeavour to digest and fix upon some regular and certain System of conduct to be pursued in order to baffle their efforts and

counteract their Schemes, and also to determine on the expediency of evacuating or attempting to maintain the City and the Several posts on this Island—The result of their Opinion & deliberations I shall advise Congress of by the earliest Opportunity which will be by Express, having It not in my power to communicate any Intelligence by post as the Office is removed to so great a distance and entirely out of the way.
I have Inclosed a List of the Officers who are prisoners and from whom Letters have been received by a Flag. we know there are others not Included in the List.
Genl Sullivan having Informed me that Genl Howe was willing that an exchange of him for Genl Prescot should take place, It will be proper to send Genl Prescot—immediately—that It may be effected.
As the Militia Regiments in all probability will be impatient to return and become pressing for their pay, I shall be glad of the direction of Congress, whether they are to receive It here or from the Conventions or Assemblies of the respective States to which they belong. On the One hand, the Settlemt of their Abstracts will be attended with trouble and difficulty—On the other they will go away much better satisfied and be more ready to give their aid in future, If they are paid before their departure.
Before I conclude, I must take the liberty of mentioning to Congress the great distress we are in for want of Money—Two Months pay, and more to some Battallions, is now due the Troops here without any thing in the Military chest to satisfie It. This occasions much disatisfaction and almost a general uneasiness. Not a day passes without complaints and the most Importunate and urgent demands on this head. As It may Injure the service greatly, and the want of a regular supply of Cash produce consequences of the most fatal tendency, I entreat the attention of Congress to this subject, and that we may be provided as soon as can be with a Sum equal to every present claim.
I have wrote to Genl Howe proposing an Exchange of Genl McDonald for Lord Sterling and shall be extremely happy to obtain It as well as that of Genl Sullivan’s for Genl Prescott, being greatly in want of them and under the necessity of appointing protempore, Some of the Cols. to command Brigades.

I have the Honor to be with the highest respect Sir Yr Most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington

P.S. As Two Regiments from N. Carolina & 3 Regimts more from Virga are ordered here, If they could embark at Norfolk &c. and come up the Bay with Security, It would Expedite their arrival & prevent the Men from a Long Fatiguing March—This however should not be attempted If the Enemy have Vessels in the Bay and which might probably Intercept ’em.


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 6 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

Dear Sir
New York Sepr 6th 1776.

The present posture of our Affairs, the Season of the year, and many other reason’s which might be urged, renders it indispensably necessary that some Systematic plan should be form’d, and, as far as possible pursued, by us—I therefore desire that immediately upon receipt of this Letter you will let Genls Mifflin & Clinton know that I desire to see them with you, at this place, (Head Quarters) at Eight Oclock to morrow Morning—Let

them know (which may be done by shewing each of them this Letter) the business they are called together for, in order that their thoughts may be turnd as much as possible to the Subject.
It might be well for neither of you to mention your coming hither (least, if the Enemy should have notice of the Generals being absent from their Posts some advantages might be taken of it) but it will be very proper to leave directions with the next Officers in Comd in case an Enemy should appear what they are to do that no confusion may arise. I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt

Go: Washington

P.S. Do not fail to bring exact returns of the two Brigades with you—and the two Jersey Regiments at Fort Washington. a perfect knowledge of our strength being indispensably necessary to the determining upon any Plan.


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 6 September 1776
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Kingsbridge Sept. 6th 1776

I have to acknowledge the Honor of the receipt of your favor of yesterday I was in Hopes this morning to have Given you Some fresh Intilligence, but have not yet Receiv⟨ed⟩ it but Still Expect it, as we have undoubtedly a Spy on the Island, Every necessary and Proper preparation having been made for that Purpose the Last night, and it is rather too Early in the morning as yet to receive our Expected Intilligence, General Clinton Went Down yesterday to Froggs Point and Posted the Light Horse (Ten in number) in the most Proper place, to act as Videtts, the General took Two Compani⟨es⟩ Down with him with whom he Intended to make an Excursion on Long Island, but found one of the Ships Opposite to that Point, and a Small Encampment of the Enemy (Highlanders) on the Opposite Shore on the Point that forms Flushing Harbour above White Stone, and at this Place he Could not obtain a Single Boat for the Purpose, He Sent one of the Company Back, the other to East Chester,

from whence Colos. Nicolls & Dubois (two approved officers) were to Endeavour to Send a Party on to the Island the Last or this night, as should appear most advisiable The General while there was Informed, that an officer of Colo. Smith Regiment (and for whom he Left Orders to Come to this place if he could be found) had Come over from the Island the Day before and Said that the Enemy had Impressed 5 or 600 Teams in order to Convey their Flatt Bottomd Boats from Red Hook to New Town, and that he understood that the Day before the militia had been Called together to Know who would Engage for the King &c. but did not Know the Success This officer Stopt over in the Evening to get his Clothing & Returnd in the morng By others it has been Said that the Enemys Head Quarters are at Newtown, The moment I receive further Intilligence it shall be Transmitted to your Excellency. I have the Honor to be with great respe[c]t your Excellencys most Humble Servt

W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 6 September 1776
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Kingsbridge Sept. 6. 1776

Since Enclosing my other Letter I am informed that several Houses are left with large Quantities of valuable Furniture (in particular at Delancy’s) which are in danger it is said of being plundered, there were also on that Farm about Ten Horses, more than half of which are already taken away—Such practices surely ought to be restrained—Wou’d it not be much better for the Quarter Master General, to take the Horses into his Custody, than to have them thus plundered away, I beg that there may be one General Order respecting this matter, as it will prevent such abuses as ought not to be practised, and puts a Stop to

continual Complaints, I wish to know your Excellency’s pleasure on this Account. I have the honor to be &c.

Wm Heath


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 6 September 1776
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

King’s Bridge Sepr 6th 1776. 3 oClock P.M.
Dear General

Colonels Nicoll DuBois & Drake are just come in and give the following Information vizt That one Mr Cornwall of Cow Neck came over to Frogg’s Point the last Night (Co[r]nwall is a stanch Friend to the Liberties of America, a Relation to Comfort Sands Auditor General of the State of New York) and says that he is a Soldier in the Militia of Cow Neck, under the Command of Capt. Stephen Thorn of that Place who held a Commission as Capt. of that Militia under the Governor of New York. That (he) Thorn waited upon General How to resign his Commission who told him that such as held Commissions under Government & resigned them would be severely punished, upon which he continues with his Company of Militia to guard the Coast at Cow Neck altho he appears to be friendly to our Cause, and allows all Persons to Land and pass without Mollestation.
Co[r]nwall further says that the Enemys Main Body is at Bedford, that they have impressed from 1000 to 1500 Waggons & Carts to transport their Baggage Boats &ca—This Account is also confirmed by a Letter from one Mr Stephen Sands of Cow Neck to his Brother Richard Sands at New Rochelle both of whom are esteemed Friends to our Cause—Co[r]nwall further adds that he heard Capt. Thorn say that the Enemy woud land in two Places between Hell Gate and Frogg’s Point, one of which he supposed would be a feint Vizt that meant the latter Place—That the Militia was to be mustered To morrow to give an Opportunity for raising Recruits for the King who were to be commanded by Colo. Ludlow.
Cornwall goes on to the Island again this Night—Capt. Thorns Company may be taken with the greatest Ease; but we fear that at present it would rather diserve the Cause.

Colonels Nicoll and Drake are returned to their Posts that not a Moment may be lost in this Important Business—We are also informed by the same Channel that one Kissam—a late Tory Member of the Assembly of this State is employed in distributing Royal Pardons to the Inhabitants of Long Island. I have &ca

Wm Heath


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Howe, 6 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, William

Sir.
Head Quarters New York, Sepr 6th 1776.

By a letter from Majr Genl Sullivan, while on Long Island, & which he acquainted me was wrote by your permission, I was inform’d it would be agreable to exchange that gentleman for Majr Genl Prescott, & Brigadr Lord Stirling for any Brigadr of yours in our possession.
In consequence of this intelligence, I have wrote to Congress, requesting that Genl Prescott may be sent here, that this proposal may be carried into execution[.] We have no Brigadr of yrs a prisoner with us, except Genl McDonald taken in North Carolina, whom I am willing to exchange for Lord Stirling; & shall be glad to know your pleasure on the subject. I have the honor to be Sir Yr Most Obed. Servt

G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 6 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.

Sir
New York Septemr 6th 1776

I have been honored with your favor of the 31st ulto and am extremely obliged by the measures you are taking in consequence of my recommendatory letter. The exertions of Connecticut upon this, as well as every other occasion, do them great honor, and I hope will be attended with successful and happy consequences. In respect to the mode of conduct to be pursued by the Troops that go over to the Island, I cannot lay down any certain rule; it must be formed and governed by circumstances and the discretion of those who command them.
I should have done my self the honor of transmitting you an account of the engagement between a detachment of our Troops and the Enemy on Long Island on the 27th and of our retreat from thence, before now, had it not been for the multiplicity of business I have been involved in ever since, and being still engaged, I cannot enter upon a minute and particular detail of the affair—I shall only add, that we lost, in killed, prisoners & wounded, from 700 to a thousand men. Among the prisoners are General Sullivan & Lord Stirling. The enclosed list will shew you the names of many of the Officers that are prisoners. The action was chiefly with Troops from Jersey, Pensylvania, the lower Counties and Maryland and Colo. Huntington’s regiment. They suffered greatly, being attacked and overpowered by a number of the Enemy greatly superior to them—The Enemy’s loss we have not been able to ascertain, but we have reason to believe it was considerable, as the engagement was warm and conducted with great resolution and bravery on the part of our Troops. During this engagement a deep column of the Enemy descending from the wood attempted an impression upon our Lines, but retreated immediately on the discharge of a Cannon and part of the Musquetry from the Line nearest to them. As the main body of the Enemy had encamped not far from our Lines and I had reason to believe they intended to force us from them by regular approaches which the nature of the ground favored extremely, and at the same time meant by the Ships of war to cut off the communication between the City and the Island, and by that means keep our Men divided and unable to oppose them any where, by the advice of the Genl Officers, on

the night of the 29th I withdrew our Troops from thence without any loss of men and but of little baggage. I have the honor to be very respectfully Sir Your most obedient Servant

Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 7 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, sept: 7th 1776.
Temple.Liberty.

John Davis of Capt. Hamilton’s Company of Artillery, tried by a Court Martial whereof Col. Malcom was President, was convicted of “Desertion” and sentenced to receive Thirty-nine lashes.
Levi Webster, of Capt. Hydes Company, Col. Wyllys’s Regt, convicted by the same Court Martial of the same offence, sentenced to the same punishment.
The General approves the sentence, and orders them to be executed, on the regimental parade, at the usual hour in the morning.

A Court Martial, consisting of a Commandant of a brigade, two Colonels, two Lt Cols.—two Majors & six Captains to sit to morrow at Mrs Montagnie’s to try Major Post of Col. Kacklien’s Regt “For Cowardice, in running away from Long-Island when an Alarm was given of the approach of the enemy.[”] The same Court Martial also to try John Spanzenberg Adjutant of the same regiment, for the same offence, and likewise Lieut. Peter Kacklein.
Benjamin Stone appointed Quarter Master, William Adams appointed Pay Master; Nathaniel Webb Adjutant of Col. Durkee’s Regiment. Daniel Tilden Esqr: to do duty as Captain ’till further orders.
Richard Sill appointed Pay Master to Col. Tylers Regimt.
Major Lee is desired to do the duty of Brigade Major in Major Henly’s stead, ’till an appointment is made.


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 7 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
New York Septr 7th 1776

This will be delivered you by Captn Martindale & Lieutt Turner who were taken last Fall in the Armed Brig Washington, & who with Mr Childs the 2d Lieutt have lately effected their escape from Hallifax.
Captn Martindale and these Two Officers have applied to me for pay from the 1st of January till this time, But not conceiving myself authorized to grant It, however reasonable It may be, as they were only engaged till the Last of Decemr at their instance I have mentioned the matter to Congress & submit their case to their consideration. I have the Honor to be with profound respect Sir Your Most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Hugh Mercer, 7 September 1776
From: Mercer, Hugh
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Amboy [N.J.] 8 oClock A.M. 7th Sept. 1776

I have been confined two days by a fever which has not left me—it is a great mortification that I have it not in my power to attend at Head Quarters—it would however have been impossible for any Officers from this place to be in Time at New York—By some Neglect of the Messenger your letter was not delivered till 7 this morning.
General Roberdeau waits on your Excelle[n]cy to know the Result of your Determinations and to inform you of the State of the Troops in the New Jerseys.
My Ideas of the operations for this Campaign are to prevent the Enemy from executing their Plan of a Junction between the Armies of Howe & Burgoin—on which the Expectations of the King and Ministry are fixed.
We should keep N. York if possible—as the Acquiring of that will give Eclat to the Arms of Britain—Afford the Soldiers good Quarters—and furnish a Safe harbour for the fleet—If it even could be retaind A month or two—keeping the feild so long in this Climate may be supposd to affect the health of European Troops very much. On the other hand a free and Safe Communication with the Countries from whence supplies of Men & Provisions can come to your Army is a consideration of superior moment to any other.
How far both those objects may be within the compass of your Excellencys Force I cannot pretend to judge—having a very inadequate knowledge of the particulars necessary to found an Opinion upon. I have not seen Col. Rawlings but gave General orders att all the Posts along the Jersey Shore—that the Troops from Mary Land should proceed immediately to N. York.
I hope to be able very soon to effect some enterprize on Staten Island—when we have a Sufficient Number of men for the Flying Camp to dispose along the different Posts—but the Militia are not the Men for such a Purpose—Four Colonels were with

me some Nights ago to inform that their men would fight the Enemy on this Side—but would not go over to Staten Island. I have the honour to be Sir Your Excellencys Most obed. Servt

Hugh Mercer


Title: General Orders, 8 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, sept: 8th 1776.
GraysonTilghman

Alexander McIntire of Capt. Newall’s Company, James Butler of Capt: Dalley’s Company and John Knowlon of Capt. Maxwell’s Company, all of Col. Prescotts Regiment tried by a Court Martial, whereof Col. Malcom was President, and acquitted of “plundering a Celler belonging to a Citizen of New-York”—each ordered to be discharged, and join their regiments.
Ames Reed Corporal in Capt. Vancleavers Company, Regiment late Col. Johnson’s, tried by the same Court Martial, and

convicted of “Speaking disrespectfully and villifying the Commander in Chief”—sentenced to receive Thirty-nine Lashes, at different days successivly, thirteen each day, and reduced to the ranks.
John Lillie of Col. Knox’s Regt of Artillery, Capt. Hamilton’s Company, convicted by the same Court Martial of “Abusing Adjt Henly, and striking him”—ordered to receive Thirty-nine lashes in the same manner.
The General approves the above sentences and orders them to be put in execution at the usual time & place.
The General directs, that in future, in case of any Soldier detected in plundering, the Brigadier General, or Colonel, or commanding Officer of the regiment immediately call a Court Martial, and have the offenders tried and punished without delay.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General James Clinton, 8 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, James

Sir
New York 8th Sept. 1776

I have this day wrote to the President of the Convention of New York requesting that an Aid of Six hundred Militia may be sent to you from the Counties of Ulster & Orange or any other that is more proper and convenient, for the purpose of assisting you either in the defence of the Highlands in Case they should be attacked or of constructing New Works and Fortifications, by

which they may be rendered more secure. However whether you receive this Reinforcement or not I must intreat you in the strongest Manner to exert yourself to the utmost of your Abilities in making those two posts at the Highlands as defensible as possible. Their great Importance must be obvious to every person. I am Sir yr.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General James Clinton, 8 September 1776
From: Clinton, James
To: Washington, George

Fort Montgomery [N.Y.] Septr 8th 1776
May it Please Your Excellency

Inclosed I Send you A Return of the Number of men at Each of the Fortifications in the Highlands And A Return of the Artillery Stores and Ordinance at Each place.
we are at Present Buissily Employed in Fortifying the Post on the South Side of the Pouplops Kill we have four twelve Pounders Mounted there and Expects Soon to have More we are Likewise Employed in Building three Barracks Viz. one at Fort Constitution one at the South Side of the Said Kill and the other at Red Hook near Peeks Kill A Post Ordered to be Fortified by the Provincial Congress where there is A Major and about 150 Men of my Brothers Brigade we are very Much in want of the Barracks but we have no Nails to finish them I have Sent an Order to the Q. M. Genl for such Nails as we want and am in hopes he Can suply us.
Our Men is but Indifferently Suplyed with Arms though I have taken what pains I Could to procure them and get them Repaired by the Armourers we have Near our Compliment if they were but good but many of those Sent here by the Different Committees and those taken from the Disafected persons in Dutchess County were as bad arms as ever I Seen and Can Never be Made Suitable for A Regt as their Bores are Small & Barrells thin & Weak But we are Determind to make them answer as well as we Can there was A Committee from Congress here a few Days Ago to Inspect our works and See what Necessaries were wanting for the Garrisons A Return of which I give them Your Excellency will see by the Inclosed Returns that our

Fortifications is but Scarce of men in Case of an Attack. I am Your Excellencys Most Obedient Humble Servant

James Clinton Brigr General


Title: To George Washington from Benjamin Franklin, 8 September 1776
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philada Sept. 8. 1776

The Congress having appointed Mr Adams, Mr Rutledge & my self, to meet Lord Howe, and hear what Propositions he may have to make, we purpose setting out to-morrow, and to be at Perth Amboy on Wednesday morning, as you will see by the enclosd, which you are requested immediately to forward to his Lordship; and if an Answer comes to your hands, that you would send it to meet us at Amboy. What we have heard of the Badness of the Roads between that Place & New York, makes us wish to be spar’d that part of the Journey. With great Respect & Esteem, I have the honour to be, Sir, Your Excy’s most obedt & most humble Servant

B. Franklin


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 8 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
New York Head Qrs Septr 8th 1776

Since I had the honour of addressing you on the 6th Instt I have called a Council of the General Officers in order to take a full & comprehensive view of our situation & thereupon form such a plan of future defence as may be immediately pursued & subject to no other alteration than a change of Operations on the Enemy’s side may occasion. Before the Landing of the Enemy on Long Island, the point of Attack could not be known or any satisfactory Judgemt formed of their Intentions—It might be on Long Island—on Bergen, or directly on the City, this made It necessary to be prepared for each and has occasiond an expence of labour which now seems useless & is regretted by those who form a Judgement from after knowledge: But I trust men of discernment will think differently, and see that by such works & preparations we have not only delayed the Operations of the Campaign till It is too late to effect any capital Incursion into the Country, but have drawn the Enemy’s forces to one point and obliged them to decline their plan, so as to enable us to form our defence on some certainty. It is now extremely obvious from all Intelligence—from their movements, & every other circumstance that having landed their whole Army on Long Island, (except about 4,000 on Staten Island) they mean to inclose us on the Island of New York by taking post in our Rear, while the Shipping effectually secure the Front; and thus either by cutting off our Communication with the Country oblige us to fight them on their own Terms or Surrender at discretion, or by a Brilliant stroke endeavour to cut this Army in peices & secure the collection of Arms & Stores which they will know we shall

not be able soon to replace. Having therefore their System unfolded to us, It became an important consideration how It could be most successfully opposed—On every side there is a choice of difficulties, & every measure on our part, (however painfull the reflection is from experience) to be formed with some apprehension that all our Troops will not do their duty. In deliberating on this great Question, it was impossible to forget that History—our own experience—the advice of our ablest Friends in Europe—The fears of the Enemy, and even the Declarations of Congress demonstrate that on our side the War should be defensive, It has been even called a War of posts, that we should on all occasions avoid a general Action or put anything to the risque unless compelled by a necessity into which we ought never to be drawn. The Arguments on which such a System was founded were deemed unanswerable & experience has given her sanction—With these views & being fully persuaded that It would be presumption to draw out our young Troops into open Ground against their superiors both in number and discipline, I have never spared the Spade & Pickax: I confess I have not found that readiness to defend even strong posts at all hazards which is necessary to derive the greatest benefit from them. The honour of making a brave defence does not seem to be a sufficient stimulus when the success is very doubtfull and the falling into the Enemy’s hands probable: But I doubt not this will be gradually attained. We are now in a strong post but not an Impregnable one, nay acknowledged by every man of Judgement to be untenable unless the Enemy will make the Attack upon Lines when they can avoid It and their Movements Indicate that they mean to do so—To draw the whole Army together in order to arrange the defence proportionate to the extent of Lines & works would leave the Country open for an approach and put the fate of this Army and Its stores on the Hazard of making a successfull defence in the City or the issue of an Engagement out of It—On the other hand to abandon a City which has been by some deemed defensible and on whose Works much Labor has been bestowed has a tendency to dispirit the Troops and enfeeble our Cause: It has also been considered as the Key to the Northern Country, But as to that I am fully of opinion that the establishing of Strong posts at Mount Washington on the upper part of this Island and on the Jersey side opposite to It

with the assistance of the Obstructions already made, & which may be improved in the Water, that not only the Navigation of Hudsons River but an easier & better communication may be more effectually secured between the Northern & Southern States. This I believe every one acquainted with the situation of the Country will readily agree to, and will appear evident to those who have an Opportunity of recurring to good Maps. These and the many other consequences which will be involved in the determination of our next measure have given our minds full employ & led every One to form a Judgement as the various Objects presented themselves to his view. The post at Kingsbridge is naturally strong & is pretty well fortified, the Heights about It are commanding and might soon be made more so. These are Important Objects, and I have attended to them accordingly—I have also removed from the City All the Stores & Ammunition except what was absolutely necessary for Its defence and made every Other disposition that did not essentially interfere with that Object, carefully keeping in view untill It should be absolutely determined on full consideration, how far the City was to be defended at all events. In resolving points of such Importance many circumstances peculiar to our own Army also occur, being only provided for a Summers Campaign, their Cloaths, Shoes and Blankets will soon be unfit for the change of weather which we every day feel—At present we have not Tents for more than ⅔d, many of them old & worn out, but if we had a plentiful supply the season will not admit of continuing in them long—The Case of our Sick is also worthy of much consideration—their number by the returns forms at least ¼ of the Army. policy and Humanity require they should be made as comfortable as possible—With these and many other circumstances before them, the whole Council of Genl Officers met yesterday in order to adopt some Genl line of conduct to be pursued at this Important crisis. I intended to have procured their separate Opinions on each point, but time would not admit, I was therefore Obliged to collect their sense more generally than I could have wished. All agreed the Town would not be tenable If the Enemy resolved to bombard & cannonade It—But the difficulty attending a removal operated so strongly, that a course was taken between abandoning It totally & concentring our

whole strength for Its defence—Nor were some a little Influenced in their opinion to whom the determn of Congress was known, against an evacuation totally, as they were led to suspect Congress wished It to be maintained at every hazard—It was concluded to Arrange the Army under Three Divisions, 5000 to remain for the defence of the City, 9000 to Kingsbridge & Its dependancies as well to possess & secure those posts as to be ready to attack the Enemy who are moving Eastward on Long Island, If they should attempt to land on this side—The remainder to occupy the intermediate space & support either—That the Sick should be immediately removed to Orange Town, and Barracks prepared at Kingsbridge with all expedition to cover the Troops.
There were some Genl Officers in whose Judgemt and opinion much confidence is to be reposed, that were for a total and immediate removal from the City, urging the great danger of One part of the Army being cut off before the other can support It, the Extremities being at least Sixteen miles apart—that our Army when collected is inferior to the Enemy’s—that they can move with their whole force to any point of attack & consequently must succeed by weight of Numbers if they have only a part to oppose them—That by removing from hence we deprive the Enemy of the Advantage of their Ships which will make at least one half of the force to attack the Town—That we should keep the Enemy at Bay—put nothing to the hazard but at all events keep the Army together which may be recruited another Year, that the unspent Stores will also be preserved & in this case the heavy Artillery can also be secured—But they were overruled by a Majority who thought for the present a part of our force might be kept here and attempt to maintain the City a while longer.
I am sensible a retreating Army is encircled with difficulties, that the declining an Engagement subjects a General to reproach and that the Common cause may be affected by the discouragement It may throw over the minds of many. Nor am I insensible of the contrary Effects if a brilliant stroke could be made with any probability of Success, especially after our Loss upon Long Island—But when the Fate of America may be at Stake on the Issue, when the wisdom of Cooler moments & experienced men

have decided that we should protract the War, if possible, I cannot think it safe or wise to adopt a different System when the Season for Action draws so near a Close—That the Enemy mean to winter in New York there can be no doubt—that with such an Armament they can drive us out is equally clear. The Congress having resolved that It should not be destroyed nothing seems to remain but to determine the time of their taking possession—It is our Interest & wish to prolong It as much as possible provided the delay does not affect our future measures.
The Militia of Connecticut is reduced from 8000 to less than 2,000 and in a few days will be merely nominal—The arrival of some Maryland troops &c. from the flying Camp has in a great degree supplied the loss of men, but the Ammunition they have carried away will be a loss sensibly felt—The impulse for going Home was so irresistable it answered no purpose to oppose It—tho I would not discharge, I have been obliged to acquiesce & It affords one more melancholy proof how delusive such dependencies are.
Inclosed I have the honor to transmit a Genl Return, the first I have been able to procure for some time—Also a report of Captn Newell from Our Works at Horn’s Hook or Hell Gate—their situation is extremely low and the Sound so very narrow that the Enemy have ’em much within their Command. I have the Honor to be with great respect Sir Yr Most Obed. Servt

Go: Washington

P.S. The Inclosed Informatn this minute came to Hand, I am in hopes we shall henceforth get regular Intelligence of the Enemies Movements.


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 8 September 1776
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philada Sepr 8th 1776. Sunday 6 OClock P.M.

I am this Minute honored with your Favour of the 6th Inst.; and am to acknowledge the Receipt of your several Favours to that Date.
The Congress, concurring with the Proposal of exchanging Generals Prescot & McDonald for Genls Sullivan & Stirling, have authorized the Board of War to send the two former to you for that Purpose, as soon as possible.
In Consequence of the Message which Genl Sullivan delivered to Congress from Lord Howe, respecting a Conference with some of their Members, they have, after great Debate, been Induced to pass the first Resolution of the 5th of Sepr; and have since appointed three Gentlemen on that Business, as you will observe by a subsequent Resolution, to which, without any Comment, I beg Leave to refer you. But in Order to prevent similar Messages for the future, they have passed a Resolve directing the Mode in which all Applications shall hereafter be made, either to Congress, or the Commander in Chief of the Army, and to which only any Attention is to be paid. I beg Leave to refer

you to the Resolve itself, as the future Rule of your Conduct with Respect to every such verbal Application, until it shall be altered, or you shall hear further from Congress on the Subject.
The List of Officers, who are Prisoners with the Enemy, which you mention as enclosed in your Favour of the 6th, it is probable, was thro Hurry omitted, as it has not come to Hand.
Before this reaches you, a Supply of Money will doubtless be arrived, it being now two Days since it was sent. Henceforth you will be more regularly supplied with that Article.
The Congress have ordered a large Stock of Cloth here to be immediately made up into Tents, and to be forwarded to you with all possible Dispatch. They have likewise ordered some Duck in the Eastern States be made into Tents & sent you.
Tomorrow Morning I will lay your Letter before Congress and acquaint you immediately of the Result. Genl Sullivan went from here two Days ago. The Committee to wait on Lord Howe will set out tomorrow Morning for New-York.
The interesting State of our Affairs, and the Anxiety of Congress to hear from you as often as possible, will naturally suggest to you the Propriety of giving them all the Information in your Power, as often as your important Concerns will admit of it.
My most ardent and incessant Wishes attend you, that you may still rise superior to every Difficulty, and that your great & virtuous Ex[e]rtions on Behalf of your Country, may be crowned with that Success, which from the Supreme Being’s Love of Justice, and the Righteousness of our Cause, in Conjunction with our own Endeavours, it is not irrational to expect.
I am to request you will direct Major Hausackre to repair to this City as soon as possible to take the Command of the German Battalion, of which he is appointed Colonel, being extremely wanted. I have the the Honour to be with every Sentiment of Respect & Esteem Sir your most obed. & very hble Sert

John Hancock Presidt


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 8 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

Dear Sir.
Head Quarters New York Sept. 8th 1776.

I have lately reciev’d information (on which I can in some measure rely) that it is impracticable for carriages to pass from Harlem point or any of the landing places contiguous to it, towards King’s bridge any other way than along the public roads; I should therefore concieve it would be highly expedient to throw every impediment and obstruction in the ways leading from the above mentioned places as also in the roads leading from Morrissena & Delancy’s mills, & indeed any other, which you concieve there is a probability of the enemy’s making use of, in order to prevent or at least delay them in the conveyance of their artillery: In some places it may be necessary to fell trees across the roads; in others I would recommend deep pits to be dug; in short I must request you will have them broke up & destroy’d in such a manner as to render them utterly impassable; N.B. I mean those roads within your district leading from King’s bridge down to the points on which it is supposd the enemy will land. I am Sir Yr Most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington

P.S. As the money is now arrived, you will order to be delivered in all the pay abstracts for July & Augt.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Hugh Mercer, 8 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Mercer, Hugh

Sir
Head Quarters New York Sept. 8th 1776

I have received your letter by Genll Roberdeau of the 8th of Sept., and am sorry to hear of your indisposition, which however I hope will in a Short time be removed; There has nothing very material pass’d in this Quarter since you were here; still matters wear so critical an aspect, that I have determined to Call

over Colo. Ward’s regiment from the post Opposite mount Washington; you will therefore be pleased to detatch so many of the Troops under your Command, as will make up this deficiency, & still keep Genll Ewings compliment of fifteen hundred men intire—Notwithstanding this Assistance I shall still stand in need of two or three thousand men to reinforce the posts here, & am anxious for the Arrival of the Maryland & Virginia troops, which are on their march to this place; I shall be glad you will immediately inform me by Express, where they are, & when I may with Certainty expect them; I could wish they were pushd forward with all Possible Expedition; Genll Roberdeau will Communicate to you, the result of the Council, also any other thing material which are not mentioned in this letter. I am Sir Your Most Obbt Servant;

G. W.

P.S. I desire you will direct the Engineer to Expedite the Works (to the Utmost of his Abilities) which are necessary for the defence of Genll Ewings Post.

G. W.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philip Schuyler, 8 September 1776
From: Schuyler, Philip
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Albany Septr 8th 1776

Yesterday I was honored with your two Favors of the 20th Ultimo and 4th Instant, the former Mr pallasier, the latter by Mr Allen.
Mr Pallasier will leave this for Tyonderoga to Morrow Morning.
Notwithstanding the Retreat from Long Island, I am still in Hopes, that the Enemy will not be able to accomplish their Intentions, and that you will in the End reap those Laurels which you so highly merit.

General Gates in a Letter just received from him observes “that as the Fleet is large and mounts a great Number of Cannon and the Body of Troops here very considerable, it is immediately necessary that fifteen Tons of powder, ten of Lead with Flints and Cartridge paper in proportion should be sent to this post.” I have taken the Liberty to transmit this Request directly to Congress, supposing that you would not be able to comply with it—Should I be mistaken and your Excellency be able to order up any of these Articles you will please to advise Congress thereof.
By the inclosed papers your Excellency will percieve that we are threatned with an Enemy from the Westward—I have requested the Committee of this County to order the Militia to march—They have directed half of the whole Militia of the County immediately to move to Tryon County and I have requested General Gates to hold three Regiments in readiness to march.
Colonel Dayton cannot be short of Salt provisions as he mentions, unless the Commissary at his post has made a false Return—He has had a constant Supply of fresh Meat since his last Return, Copy whereof I now inclose.
Inclose an Account of what Boards have gone from here, by comparing that with the Account of what is received, the Quarter Master General will know what Number may be at peek’sKill and on their Way down—I shall order all to be sent that can be collected, but I fear they will be very inconsiderable as not many Boards have been sawed lately—My Mills that used to cut from forty to fifty thousand Boards of fourteen Feet long have not cut one this Year, as I was under a Necessity of sending my Oxen to the Army—That has been the Case with several others—Should you want Timber for the Buildings, I believe it might be procured here and sent down in Sloops.
Should you stand in Need of small Craft to convey Troops from one Quarter to the other they might be brought from Lake George, I believe fifty could be spared. I am Dr Sir with the greatest Esteem your Excellency’s most obedient humble Servt

Ph: Schuyler

P.S. I have advised Congress of the Information given me by Colonel Dayton.


Title: From George Washington to Abraham Yates, Jr., 8 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Yates, Abraham Jr.

Sir
New York 8th Sepr 1776

I wrote you this Morning by your Express, but forgot to mention a Matter of Consequence. It being determined to remove our Sick to Orange Town, we shall want four large Albany Sloops for that purpose. The fatigue of travelling that Distance by land, would not only be more than the Patients could bear, but we have full Employ for our Waggons in transporting Baggage, Tents &ca for the Troops from hence to our out posts. I must therefore beg the favor of your Honble Body to procure the above Number of Vessels and send them down with as much Dispatch as possible to this City. I am with Respect Yr most obt Servt.

P.S. I shall be glad to know by Return of the Express when I may probably expect the Sloops down. There are several now on the lower parts of the River with Boards perhaps you might engage them to come this way, which woud save time.


Title: General Orders, 9 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New-York, sept: 9th 1776.
Mifflin.Putnam

Elias Matthew appointed Quarter Master to Tyler’s regiment.
Gardiner Carpenter appointed Pay Master to Colonel Huntington’s regiment.
The Colonels, or commanding officers of regiments, or Pay Masters where appointed, are immediately to prepare and send in, their Pay Abstracts, for the Months of July & August—The Pay Master will attend at his old Office at Mr Lispenard’s on

Thursday and Friday to receive those of the division under General Putnam. A time and place will be appointed in General Orders to morrow to receive those of Genl Heath’s & Spencer’s divisions.
Mr Adjutant Bradford, to do the duty of Brigade Major to Genl Nixons Brigade, during Major Box’s illness.
The Maryland Brigade being ordered to march, Genl Fellows’s to supply 250 Men in their stead, ’till further Orders.
The several Brigade Majors are required to have their men, on the Grand parade, at eight O’Clock, every Monday precisely, or they will be publickly reprimanded. The late relief of the Guards is a Subject of general Complaint—No failure of duty in the Adjutant will execuse, unless the Adjutant is put in Arrest.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philip Schuyler, 9 September 1776
From: Schuyler, Philip
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Albany September 9th 1776

At half after ten this Morning I received a Letter from General Gates, Copy whereof I inclose your Excellency.
As it is most probable that the Enemy are attempting to cross the Lake, I have therefore thought it necessary to apply to the Neighbouring Counties of the New England States, and those of Ulster and Dutchess in this, to order their Militia to march up—As soon as they arrive I shall either move with what part may go to the Northward or with those to the Westward as may be most necessary—This can however only be determined by farther Intelligence from General Gates and Colo: Dayton which I momently expect to receive.
The Cartridge paper arrived here on the second Inst: was sent forward on the third and arrived at Fort George on the 5th at Night, and was probably forwarded from thence on the 6th.
I am informed that the Army is in the greatest Distress for Medicines—As every Misfortune and Want they labour under is imputed to me, so is this—I am heartily tired of Abuse and was in Hopes that Congress would have ordered an Enquiry into my Conduct—I requested it most earnestly on the sixteenth of last Month, but have not yet been honored with an Answer—I will no longer suffer the public Odium, since I have it most amply in my power to justify myself, and shall therefore resign my Commission as soon as I return from Tyonderoga or Tryon County, of this I shall advise Congress that Orders may be given for a General Officer to reside in this place, without which the Service will suffer—But in doing this I shall never forget the Duty I owe to my Country, and if I can by Advice or any other Means promote the Weal of it, none will do it with more Alacrity. I am Dr Sir with every Sentiment of Esteem and Respect Your Excellency’s most obedient humble Servant

Ph: Schuyler


Title: To George Washington from Abraham Yates, Jr., 9 September 1776
From: Yates, Abraham Jr.
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fishkill [N.Y.] Sepr 9th 1776.

Your Excellency’s letters of the 8th instant this moment arrived, and we are happy to inform you that the Resolutions inclosed have anticipated your Excellency’s recommendation relative to a reinforcement for the fortresses in the highlands, and although we have done every thing in our power to raise them with dispatch, we are apprehensive that the whole will not arrive there within less than fourteen days, and that all this week will elapse before any of them will be got at the post.
The vessels for the sick shall be procured as soon as possible and sent to the City of Newyork; for which purpose, we have directed every vessel down the river to be impressed, until the number required is procured, and ordered two others from Fishkill landing, lest the vessels might be small and four of them insufficient; their dispatch will depend upon wind and weather; we suppose however, they may be down by Wednesday and

Thursday next. I have the honour to be with the greatest respect Your Excellency’s most obedient & humble servant

By Order
Abm Yates Junr President


Title: General Orders, 10 September 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New-York, sept: 10th 1776.
Marblehead.Orange.

Major Popst of Col. Kackleins Battalion having been tried by a Court Martial whereof Col. Silliman was President on a charge of “Cowardice and shamefully abandoning his post on Long-Island the 28th of August”; is acquitted of Cowardice but convicted of Misbehaviour in the other instance—he is therefore sentenced to be dismissed the Army as totally unqualified to hold a Military Commission.
Adjutant Spangenburg and Lieut: Kacklein tried for the same Offence were acquitted. The General approves the sentence as to Spangenburg and Kacklein, and orders them to join their regiment: But as there is reason to believe farther Evidence can soon be obtained with respect to the Major—he is to continue under Arrest ’till they can attend.
The Brigade Major of the day, to carry the Parole and Countersign, to the several Guards, as formerly; taking care that it be done early.

The Brigade Majors are directed to have the several regiments join in Brigade as often as possible, and to be very careful that they are thoroughly acquainted with their Alarm-posts and the Lines they are to mann.
The General observes with great concern, that too little care is taken, to prevent the men straggling from their quarters, and encampments, so that in case of a sudden Attack, it will be difficult to collect them; he therefore most anxiously desires, both Officers and Men, would attend to it, and consider, how much their safety, and success depends upon their being at hand, when wanted—The order for calling the Roll three times a day, is to be punctually obeyed, and any officer omitting it, will be brought to a Court-Martial.
Great Complaints are made of the Adjutants, as being irregular and remiss in duty—The General informs them, that he expects an alacrity and dispatch of business, equal to the importance of their situation, and will certainly make some examples, if (which he sincerely hopes may not be the case) there should be any farther reason for complaint.
The Court Martial to sit to morrow, for the trial of Capt. Rapaljee, confined by Col. Lasher, for refusing to do duty.
Major Scammell is appointed a temporary Assistant, to the Adjutant General, and is to repair to Genl Heath’s division—He is to be obeyed and respected accordingly.


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 10 September 1776
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir
Congress Chamber [Philadelphia] 10th Sepr 1776

Your Letter of 8th Inst. is now under the Consideration of Congress; as soon as they have come to a Determination upon it the Result shall be transmitted you, in the mean time Congress being Apprehensive that their former Resolution of 3d Int was not rightly understood, have directed me to Send you the foregoing, by which you will perceive that their wish is to preserve N. York & leave the time of Evacuatg it to yor Judgment. I beg leave to Refer you to the Resolve, not havg time to Add, but that I am, Sir your very hume set

John Hancock P⟨residt⟩