Title: From George Washington to David Humphreys, 10 October 1787
From: Washington, George
To: Humphreys, David

My dear Humphreys,
Mount Vernon Octr 10th 1787.

Your favor of the 28th Ult. came duly to hand, as did the other of June. With great pleasure I received the intimation of your spending the Winter under this roof. The invitation was not less sincere than the reception will be cordial. The convention shall be, that in all things you shall do as you please—I will do the same—No ceremony shall be observed—nor any restraint be imposed on any one.
The Constitution that is submitted, is not free from imperfections; but there are as few radical defects in it as could well be expected, considering the heterogenious mass of which the Convention was composed—and the diversity of interests which were to be reconciled. A Constitutional door being opened, for future alterations and amendments, I think it would be wise in the People to adopt what is offered to them; and I wish it may be by as great a majority of them as in the body that decided on it; but this is hardly to be expected, because the importance, and sinister views of too many characters will be affected by the change. Much will depend however on literary abilities, & the recommendation of it by good pens, should it be openly, I mean publicly attacked in the Gazettes. Go matters however as they may, I shall have the consolation to reflect, that no objects but

the public good, and that peace & harmony which I wished to see prevail in the Convention, ever obtruded, even for a moment, in my mind, during the whole session lengthy as it was. What reception this State will give to the proceedings (thro’ the great territorial extent of it) I am unable to inform you. In these parts of it, it is advocated beyond my expectation. The great opposition, if great is given, will come from the Counties Southward and Westward; from whence I have not, as yet, heard much that can be depended on.
I condole with you on the loss of your parents, but as they lived to a good old age you could not be unprepared for the shock; tho’ there is something painful in bidding an adieu to those we love, or revere, when we know it is a final one. Reason, religion & Philosophy may soften the anguish, but time alone can irradicate it.
As I am beginning to look for you, I shall add no more at present, but the best wishes of the family, and the affecte regards of your Sincere friend and Obedt Hble Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 11 October 1787
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

D. Sir,
[c.11 October 1787]

You probably saw some time since some animadversions on certain expressions of Governor Clinton respecting the Convention—You may have seen a piece signed a Republican, attempting to bring the fact into question and endeavouring to controvert the conclusions drawn from it, if true—My answer you will find in the inclosed. I trouble you with it merely from that anxiety which is natural to every man to have his veracity at least stand in a fair light—The matter seems to be given up

by the Governor and the fact with the inferences from it stand against him in full force, and operate as they ought to do.
It is however, of some importance to the party to diminish whatever credit or influence I may possess; and to effect this they stick at nothing. Among many contemptible artifices practiced by them, they have had recourse to an insinuation that I palmed myself upon you and that you dismissed me from your family—This I confess hurts my feelings, and if it obtains credit, will require a contradiction.
You Sir will undoubtedly recollect the manner in which I came into your family and went out of it; and know how destitute of foundation such insinuations are. My confidence in your justice will not permit me to doubt your readiness to put the matter in its true light in your answer to this letter. It cannot be my wish to give any complexion to the affair which might excite the least scruple in you; but I confess it would mortify me to be under the imputation either of having obtruded myself into the family of a General or of having been turned out of it.
The New Constitution is as popular in this City as it is possible for any thing to be—and the prospect thus far is favourable to it throughout the state. But there is no saying what turn things may take when the full flood of official influence is let loose against it. This is to be expected, for, though the Governor has not publicly declared himself, his particular connections and confidential friends are loud against it. I remain with perfect esteem Yr Excellency’s Obdt Servt

Alexander Hamilton

Mrs Hamilton joins in respectful compliments to Mrs Washington.


Title: To George Washington from Richard Henry Lee, 11 October 1787
From: Lee, Richard Henry
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir,
New York Octobr 11. 1787

I was unwilling to interrupt your attention to more important affairs at Phila. by sending there an acknowledgement of the letter that you were pleased to honor me with from that City; especially as this place afforded nothing worthy of your notice. We have the pleasure to see the first Act of Congress for selling federal lands N.W. of Ohio becoming productive very fast—A large sum of public securities being already paid in upon the first sales: and a new Contract is ordered to be made with a company in N. Jersey for the lands between the two Miamis that will rid us of at least 2 millions more of the public debt. There is good reason to suppose that by the next spring we shall have reduced the domestic debt near six millions of dollars. And it seems clear that the lands yet to be disposed of, if well managed, will sink the whole 30 Millions that are due. The assiduity with which the Court of London is soli[ci]ting that of Spain for the conclusion of a Commercial treaty between those powers, renders it a signal misfortune that we have not been able to get a sufficient number of the States together to produce a conclusion of the Spanish Treaty. The state of Europe, with respect to the continuance of peace, still hangs in doubtful ballance. The finance weakness of France and G. Britain most strongly opposes war, yet the state of things is such as renders it very questionable, whether even that difficulty, great as it is, will secure the continuance of peace—It is under the strongest impressions of your goodness and candor that I venture to make the observations that follow in this letter, assuring you that I feel it among the first distresses that have happend to me in my life, that I find myself compelled by irresistible conviction of mind to doubt about the new System for federal government recommended by the late Convention.
It is Sir, in consequence of long reflection upon the nature of Man and of government, that I am led to fear the danger that will ensue to Civil Liberty from the adoption of the new system

in its present form. I am fully sensible of the propriety of change in the present plan of confederation, and altho there may be difficulties, not inconsiderable, in procuring an adoption of such amendments to the Convention System as will give security to the just rights of human nature, and better secure from injury the discordant interests of the different parts of this Union; yet I hope that these difficulties are not insurmountable. Because we are happily uninterrupted by external war, or by such internal discords as can prevent peaceable and fair discussion, in another Convention, of those objections that are fundamentally strong against the new Constitution which abounds with useful regulations. As there is so great a part of the business well done already, I think that such alterations as must give very general content, could not long employ another Convention when provided with the sense of the different States upon those alterations.
I am much inclined to believe that the amendments generally thought to be necessary, will be found to be of such a nature, as tho they do not oppose the exercise of a very confident federal power; are yet such as the best Theories on Government, and the best practise upon those theories have found necessary. At the same time that they are such as the opinions of our people have for ages been fixed on. It would be unnecessary for me here to enumerate particulars as I expect the honor of waiting on you at Mount Vernon in my way home early in November. In the mean time I have only to request that my best respects may be presented to your Lady and that I may be remembered to the rest of the good family of Mount Vernon. I have the honor to be dear Sir, with the most unfeigned respect, esteem, and affection, Your most obedient and very humble servant

Richard Henry Lee.

If the next Packets should bring us any important advices from Europe I will communicate them to you immediately.


Title: To George Washington from Francis Mentges, 12 October 1787
From: Mentges, Francis
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philadelphia the 12 8bre 1787

Some time ago I presented a memorial to the Honorable the Congress respecting the Command I had from your Excellency to superintend the Hospitals in the state of Virginia, and praying for a Compensation for Extra services. To support that Claim, I inclosed your Excel. letter of the 28th March 1782, in which your Excel. signified the highest approbation of my Conduct on that Duty—Congress has taken my Memorial into Consideration and appointed a Committee to report thereon, I am now informed by a friend of mine in Congress, that it was necessary to produce to Congress a Certificate from your Excel., when I was ordered and recalled from that Command, I believe that your Excel. remembers that General St Clair marched with the Pennsy. line from york town in Virginia the 4th of November 1781—and the 5th Novr your Excel. was pleased to order me to superintend the Hospitals in the different parts of Virginia, but the latter your Excel. can not ascertain unless your Excel. will believe me that it was the 28th of March 1782, and previous to your Excellencys orders from want of necessaries for the sicke to support them, which I mentioned in my letter—I am sorry to call your Excel. attention from busseness of greater moment, necessity obliges me to request of your Excel. for a Certific⟨ate⟩ your Excel. will be the best judge wheter I am intitulled to a Compensation—certain I am that the Command not only in superintending the Hospitals, but more in paying attention to British ⟨illegible⟩ and collecting the prisoners in the Divers part of Virginia, have been very expensive to me, and were executed by me by an order from Count Rochambeau—I beg you will be pleased to answer my Request, and I am with the highest Esteem your Excel. Most Ob. humble Servt

F. Mentges


Title: To George Washington from James Madison, 14 October 1787
From: Madison, James
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
New York Octr 14. 1787.

The letter herewith inclosed was put into my hands yesterday by Mr de Crœvecuoer who belongs to the Consular establishment of France in this Country. I add to it a pamphlet which Mr Pinkney has submitted to the public, or rather as he professes, to the perusal of his friends; and a printed sheet containing his ideas on a very delicate subject; too delicate in my opinion to have been properly confided to the press. He conceives that his precautions against any farther circulation of the piece than he himself authorises, are so effectual as to justify the step. I wish he may not be disappointed. In communicating a copy to you I fulfil his wishes only.
No decisive indications of the public mind in the Northn & Middle States can yet be collected. The Reports continue to be rather favorable to the Act of the Convention from every quarter; but its adversaries will naturally be latest in shewing themselves. Boston is certainly friendly. An opposition is known to be in petto in Connecticut; but it is said not to be much dreaded by the other side. Rhode Island will be divided on this subject in the same manner as it has been on the question of paper money. The Newspapers here have contained sundry publications animadverting on the proposed Constitution & it is known that the Government party are hostile to it. There are on the other side so many able & weighty advocates, and the conduct of the Eastern States if favorable, will add so much force to their arguments, that there is at least as much ground for hope as for

apprehension. I do not learn that any opposition is likely to be made in N. Jersey. The temper of Pennsylvania will be best known to you from the direct information which you cannot fail to receive through the Newspapers & other channels.
Congress have been of late employed chiefly in settling the requisition, and in making some arrangements for the Western Country. The latter consist of the appointment of a Govr & Secretary, and the allotment of a sum of money for Indian Treaties if they should be found necessary. The Requisition so far as it varies our fiscal system, makes the proportion of indents receivable independently of specie—& those of different years indiscriminately receivable for any year, and does not as heretofore tie down the States to a particular mode of obtaining them. Mr Adams has been permitted to return home after Feby next, & Mr Jeffersons appointment continued for three years longer. With the most perfect esteem & most affectionate regard, I remain Dr Sir, Your Obedt friend & servant

Js Madison Jr


Title: From George Washington to Charles Pettit, 14 October 1787
From: Washington, George
To: Pettit, Charles

Sir,
Mount Vernon October 14th 1787.

The enclosed ought to have accompanied the letter and the box by Capt. Ellwood. That it did not was an omission.
In addition to the Plates there written for, let me request two others; th[r]ee feet nine each square, I want them for a Green house and would have quite plain and full as thick as they are

usually cast for Chimney backs. I am Sir, Yr Most Obed. Servant

G. Washington


Title: From George Washington to Henry Knox, 15 October 1787
From: Washington, George
To: Knox, Henry

My dear Sir,
Mount Vernon October 15th 1787

Your favor of the 3d instt came duly to hand.
The fourth day after leaving Phila. I arrived at home, and found Mrs Washington and the family tolerably well, but the fruits of the Earth almost entirely destroyed by one of the severest droughts (in this neighbourhood) that ever was experienced. The Crops generally, below the Mountains are injured; but not to the degree that mine, & some of my Neighbours, are here.
The Constitution is now before the judgment seat. It has, as was expected, its adversaries, and its supporters; which will preponderate is yet to be decided. The former, it is probable, will be most active because the Major part of them it is to be feared, will be governed by sinester and self important considerations on which no arguments will work conviction—the opposition from another class of them (if they are men of reflection, information and candour) may perhaps subside in the solution of the following plain, but important questions. 1. Is the Constitution which is submitted by the Convention preferable to the government (if it can be called one) under which we now live? 2. Is it probable that more confidence will, at this time, be placed in another Convention (should the experiment be tried) than was given to the last? and is it likely that there would be a better agreement in it? Is there not a Constitutional door open for alterations and amendments, & is it not probable that real defects will be as readily discovered after, as before, trial? and will not posterity be as ready to apply the remedy as ourselves, if there is occasion for it, when the mode is provided? To think otherwise will, in my judgment, be ascribing more of the amor patria—more wisdom—and more foresight to ourselves, than I conceive we are entitled to.

It is highly probable that the refusal of our Govr and Colo. Mason to subscribe to the proceedings of the Convention will have a bad effect in this State; for as you well observe, they must not only assign reasons for the justification of their conduct, but it is highly probable these reasons will appear in terrific array, with a view to alarm the people—Some things are already addressed to their fears and will have their effect. As far however as the sense of this part of the Country has been taken it is strongly in favor of the proposed Constitution. further I cannot speak with precision—If a powerful opposition is given to it the weight thereof will, I apprehend, come from the Southward of James River, & from the Western Counties.
Mrs Washington & the family join me in every good wish for you and Mrs Knox—and with great and sincere regard I am, My dear Sir Yr Affecte

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Lafayette, 15 October 1787
From: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de
To: Washington, George

My dear General
Paris October the 15th 1787

This letter will Be delivered By Mr du Pont the Son of a Very Sensible and Honest Gentleman, who Has Been Much Emploied in Affairs of Administration, and is Now Very zealously Engaged in drawing Up A Report for our Commercial affairs. His Son Goes out for His instruction, and With a wiew to fit Himself for future Emploiement. I Beg leave to Recommend Him to Your patronage and Advices, and am Happy, My Beloved General, in Every opportunity to Remind You of Your tenderest, and I am Bold to Say, Your dearest friend Who shall, as long as He lives, glory to Be Your adoptive son and most Respectfull Servant

lafayette


Title: To George Washington from Lafayette, 15 October 1787
From: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de
To: Washington, George

My dear General
Paris October the 15th 1787

I Have a few days Ago writen to You By M. de Moustier the New Minister from this Court. He is a Sensible and Honest man with whom I think that the people of America will be satisfied. He is Very desirous to be presented to you, and I Have invited Him in Your Name to Mount Vernon, as well as Madame de Brehan, a very agreable lady, His sister in law, who Goes out with Him. inclosed is, my dear General, the Copy of an official letter to Congress wherein I Have Expressed My Sentiments on the present state of Affairs. What is Become of the Happy Years, My Beloved General, when, before My Sentiments were formed, I Had time to model them after Your judgement! This Comfort at least Remains for me to Endeavour Guessing what Your Opinion will be on Every Case that Occurs. There is Nothing New since I wrote my last. Amsterdam Has Ended her Resistence—and there are Now States Generals, and Provincial States for each of the Seven provinces, Regularly Elected which are to a Man Bound to the State Holderian Party. it is one of the Vices of their Constitution, that the Voice of their Magistrates, Howsoever elected is mistaken for the Voice of the Nation. Mr Jefferson and Myself are now employed in Commercial affairs for the United States. Mr de Calonne’s letter will Be framed into a arrêt of the Council, and additional favours will Be so adjusted as to take in every thing that is Consistent with this Governement. the disposition of the Ministers is as good as we Can wish. and I am Happy in the Good fortune America Had, that such a man as Mr Jefferson was Sent to this Country.
Nothing as Yet is decided with Respect to war. if it Breacks out the fault will lie with England. The new Secretary at war Has Created a Board of eight general officers to Carry on the affairs of that departement whereof He is the president. Such a measure is very Meritorious, and Cannot fail to do him Great Honour. He is, as you know, the Brother of the Archbishop.
Adieu, My dear General, I Hope You think often of an adoptive son who loves you with all the powers of His Heart, and as long as it Has any life, shall Ever Be Your Most Gratefull, affectionate, and respectfull friend.

Lafayette

My Best and tenderest Respects wait on Mrs Washington. Remember me most respectfully to Your Mother and Relations, particularly to George. I pay my Compliments to all friends adieu, my dear General.


Title: To George Washington from Battaile Muse, 15 October 1787
From: Muse, Battaile
To: Washington, George

Honourable Sir,
Octr 15th 1787

By Dennis I Send you a Bay mare which I have Procured For your Advantage In the way of rent—Money is So Very Scearce that I cannot Procure it in Every Case nor Indeed at any rate. the Mare is now with Foal & is Six years old Last Spring the price Ten pounds Fifteen Shillngs ⅌ Voucher in my hands Please To Send me a receipt For that Sum.
your accts Stands in my Favour I do not Expect To have any money in my hands untill after christmast if I Should be so Fortunate as To Collect any You shall receive it. I expect To be In Alexandria about the 7th day of Next Month and if Possable will Call at Mount vernon—I wish you To Send by Dennis if agreeable about Eight Blank Leases Signed & witness For Some Lots in Fauquier—when I Bargain with a Tenant it’s Best To Secure the Conditions by Lease Immediatly To Prevent disputes & Trouble.
the disputed Lines in Fauquier County is not yet run and I cannot say with any certainty when it will be done.
Mrs Lemert is Very much in arrears and Seem not To Lessen the Debt but Very Little also Henry Shover is much in arrears—Pray advise me whether I am To distress them.
John Thompson on goose creek Tract run of Last Spring Considerable in Debt I Sued Him He being Very Poor—I Drew the Suit at His Cost & have Procured Security For the Payment of Twenty Pounds in January Next.

charles Rector on the Same Tract Run a way Ninety odd pounds in your Debt He is Very Poor—I am a Fraid to Sue Him—Perhaps if He was Sued He would give Security To Pay Twenty Pounds at Some Future day.
Colo. Kennday Cannot Pay In ⟨mutilated⟩ His assumsit For the Debt.
Mr Rutherford Has Paid of His note not with Interest. I have nearly Secured all other Debts only the above Mention’d—I have the Honour To Be your Obedient Humble Servant

Battaile Muse


Title: From George Washington to David Stuart, 17 October 1787
From: Washington, George
To: Stuart, David

Dear Sir,
Mount Vernon Octr 17th 1787.

As the enclosed Advertiser contains a speech of Mr Wilson’s (as able, candid, & honest a member as any in Convention) which will place the most of Colo. Mason’s objections in their true point of light, I send it to you. The re-publication (if you can get it done) will be of service at this juncture. His ipso facto objection does not, I believe, require an answer—every mind must recoil at the idea. And with respect to the Navigation act, I am mistaken if any three men, bodies of men, or Countries, will enter into any compact or treaty if one of the three is to have a negative controul over the other two—There must be

reciprocity or no union, which is preferable will not become a question in the mind of any true patriot. But granting it to be an evil, it will infallibly work its own cure, and an ultimate advantage to the Southern States. Sincerely & Affect⟨mutilated⟩ I am Dear Sir Yr Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Noah Webster, 17 October 1787 [letter not found]
From: Webster, Noah
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Noah Webster, 17 Oct. 1787. On 4 Nov. GW wrote: “I have received your letter of the 17th ulto.”


Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 18 October 1787
From: Washington, George
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Dear Sir,
Mount Vernon Octr 18th 1787.

Your favor without date came to my hand by the last Post. It is with unfeigned concern I perceive that a political dispute has arisen between Governor Clinton and yourself. For both of you I have the highest esteem and regard. But as you say it is insinuated by some of your political adversaries, and may obtain credit, “that you palmed yourself upon me, and was dismissed from my family”; and call upon me to do you justice by a recital of the facts. I do therefore, explicitly declare, that both charges are entirely unfounded. With respect to the first, I have no cause to believe that you took a single step to accomplish, or had the most distant ⟨ide⟩a of receiving, an appointment in my ⟨fam⟩ily ’till you were envited thereto. And ⟨with⟩ respect to the second, that your quitting ⟨it was⟩ altogether the effect of your own ⟨choic⟩e.
When the situation of this Country ⟨calls⟩ loudly for unanimity & vigor, it is to be lamented that Gentlemen of talents and

character should disagree in their sentiments for promoting the public weal, but unfortunately, this ever has been, and more than probable, ever will be the case, in the affairs of man.
Having scarcely been from home since my return from Philadelphia, I can give but little information with respect to the general reception of the New Constitution in this State. In Alexandria however, and some of the adjacent Counties, it has been embraced with an enthusiastic warmth of which I had no conception. I expect notwithstanding, violent opposition will be given to it by some characters of weight & influence, in the State.
Mrs Washington unites with me in best wishes for Mrs Hamilton and yourself. I am—Dear Sir Yr Most Obedt & Affecte Hble Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from James Madison, 18 October 1787
From: Madison, James
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
N. York Octr 18. 1787.

I have been this day honoured with your favor of the 10th instant, under the same cover with which is a copy of Col. Mason’s objections to the Work of the Convention. As he persists in the temper which produced his dissent it is no small satisfaction to find him reduced to such distress for a proper gloss on it; for no other consideration surely could have led him to dwell on an objection which he acknowledged to have been in some degree removed by the Convention themselves—on the paltry right of the Senate to propose alterations in money bills—on the appointment of the vice President—President of the Senate instead of making the President of the Senate the vice president, which seemed to be the alternative—and on the possibility, that the Congress may misconstrue their powers & betray their trust so far as to grant monopolies in trade &c. If I do not forget too some of his other reasons were either not at all or very faintly urged at the time when alone they ought to have been urged; such as the power of the Senate in the case of treaties & of impeachments;

and their duration in office. With respect to the latter point I recollect well that he more than once disclaimed opposition to it. My memory fails me also if he did not acquiesce in if not vote for, the term allowed for the further importation of slaves; and the prohibition of duties on exports by the States. What he means by the dangerous tendency of the Judiciary I am at some loss to comprehend. It never was intended, nor can it be supposed that in ordinary cases the inferior tribunals will not have final jurisdiction in order to prevent the evils of which he complains. The great mass of suits in every State lie between Citizen & Citizen, and relate to matters not of federal cognizance. Notwithstanding the stress laid on the necessity of a Council to the President I strongly suspect, tho I was a friend to the thing, that if such an one as Col. Mason proposed, had been established, and the power of the Senate in appointments to offices transferred to it, that as great a clamour would have been heard from some quarters which in general eccho his Objections. What can he mean by saying that the Common law is not secured by the new constitution, though it has been adopted by the State Constitutions. The common law is nothing more than the unwritten law, and is left by all the constitutions equally liable to legislative alterations. I am not sure that any notice is particularly taken of it in the Constitutions of the States. If there is, nothing more is provided than a general declaration that it shall continue along with other branches of law to be in force till legally changed. The Constitution of Virga drawn up by Col. Mason himself, is absolutely silent on the subject. An ordinance passed during the same Session, declared the Common law as heretofore & all Statutes of prior date to the 4 of James I, to be still the law of the land, merely to obviate pretexts that the separation from G. Britain threw us into a State of nature, and abolished all civil rights and Obligations. Since the Revolution every State has made great inroads & with great propriety in many instances on this monarchical code. The “revisal of the laws” by a Committee of wch Col. Mason was a member, though not an acting one, abounds with such innovations. The abolition of the right of primogeniture, which I am sure Col. Mason does not disapprove, falls under this head. What could the Convention have done? If they had in general terms declared the Common law to be in force, they would have broken in upon the legal

Code of every State in the most material points: they wd have done more, they would have brought over from G.B. a thousand heterogeneous & antirepublican doctrines, and even the ecclesiastical Hierarchy itself, for that is a part of the Common law. If they had undertaken a discrimination, they must have formed a digest of laws, instead of a Constitution. This objection surely was not brought forward in the Convention, or it wd have been placed in such a light that a repetition of it out of doors would scarcely have been hazarded. Were it allowed the weight which Col. M. may suppose it deserves, it would remain to be decided whether it be candid to arraign the Convention for omissions which were never suggested to them—or prudent to vindicate the dissent by reasons which either were not previously thought of, or must have been wilfully concealed—But I am running into a comment as prolix, as it is out of place.
I find by a letter from the Chancellor (Mr Pendleton) that he views the act of the Convention in its true light, and gives it his unequivocal approbation. His support will have great effect. The accounts we have here of some other respectable characters vary considerably. Much will depend on Mr Henry, and I am glad to find by your letter that his favorable decision on the subject may yet be hoped for. The Newspapers here begin to teem with vehement & virulent calumniations of the proposed Govt. As they are cheifly borrowed from the Pensylvania papers, you see them of course. The reports however from different quarters continue to be rather flattering. With the highest respect & sincerest attachment I remain Dear Sir Yr Obedt & Affecte Servant

Js Madison Jr


Title: To George Washington from Patrick Henry, 19 October 1787
From: Henry, Patrick
To: Washington, George

Dear sir.
Richmond October 19th 1787

I was honor’d by the Rect of your Favor together with a Copy of the proposed fœderal constitution, a few Days ago, for which I beg you to accept my Thanks. They are also due to you from me as a Citizen, on Account of the great Fatigue necessarily attending the arduous Business of the late Convention.
I have to lament that I cannot bring my Mind to accord with the proposed Constitution. The Concern I feel on this Account, is really greater than I am able to express. perhaps mature Reflection may furnish me Reasons to change my present Sentiments into a conformity with the opinion of those personages for whom I have the highest Reverence. Be that as it may, I beg you will be perswaded of the unalterable Regard & Attachment with which I ever shall be Dear sir your obliged & very humble Servant

P. Henry


Title: To George Washington from Bushrod Washington, 19 October 1787 [letter not found]
From: Washington, Bushrod
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Bushrod Washington, 19 Oct. 1787. On 9 Nov. GW wrote Bushrod Washington: “I received your letters of the 19th & 26th Ult.”


Title: To George Washington from James Wood, 20 October 1787 [letter not found]
From: Wood, James
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from James Wood, 20 Oct. 1787. On 29 Oct. GW wrote Wood about “your letter of the 20th Instt.”


Title: To George Washington from Henry Banks, 21 October 1787 [letter not found]
From: Banks, Henry
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Henry Banks, 21 Oct. 1787. On 22 Nov. GW thanked Banks “For the letter you did me the favor to write to me on the 21st Ult.”


Title: To George Washington from Charles Carter, 21 October 1787 [letter not found]
From: Carter, Charles
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Charles Carter, 21 Oct. 1787. On 14 Dec. GW wrote Carter apologizing for the delay in answering his “favor of the 21st of Octr.”


Title: To George Washington from Jean Le Mayeur, 24 October 1787
From: Le Mayeur, Jean-Pierre
To: Washington, George

Sir
Charleston [S.C.] Octb. 24. 1787

I hope your Excellency by this time has recovered the fatigue of your Great work in the Convention which must afford the Greatest satisfaction when his Excellency hears as I have done for five hundred miles where the people seem so well satisfied of the new forms of Governement—principly in the Expectation to have at their head the first legislature.
I hope Lady Washington to whom I prefers my profound respect as well as Major and Mrs Washington.
I have been here a few days and intend to Continue till the midle of January from whence to st augustine to obtine a passage

to havanah (as mentioned in my answer to your Excellencys last favour of the 5th of may) and then to st domingo from where I intend to return in June upon the Continent at Baltimore or Alexendria if it is in my power Col. Washington has not been well for some time past. I have the honour to be with the most profound Respect and veneration Your Excellencys Most obdt & most hble serviteur

john Le Mayeur.


Title: To George Washington from Robert Morris, 25 October 1787
From: Morris, Robert
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Philad[elphi]a Octr 25th 1787

That you may not think me guilty of Neglect, I acknowledge the receipt of your obliging letter of the 14th Inst. by Post, but that by the Charming Polly is not yet arrived, when it comes to hand I shall have the pleasure of addressing you again. Mr G. Morris went to New York to stay Nine days, he has been gone near five Weeks & I wait his return before I can finally decide whether I can set out for Virginia or Not.
We rejoiced much to hear of your safe arrival at Home having been made very uneasy by the report of the accident at the Head of Elk If you read our News Papers you see much altercation about the proposed Constitution the oponents are not Numerous altho they fill the News Papers every day.
Mrs Morris & myself are much obliged by your & Mrs Washington good wishes We can truely say they are reciprocal & I am with great Sincerity Dear Sir Your most Obedient humble Servant

Robt Morris


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Smith, 26 October 1787 [letter not found]
From: Smith, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Thomas Smith, 26 Oct. 1787. On 3 Dec. GW wrote Smith: “I have recd your letter of the 26th of Octr.”


Title: To George Washington from Steuben, 26 October 1787
From: Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, baron von
To: Washington, George

Sir
[October 26, 1787]

I have lately made a fresh application to Congress for a final settlement of my affairs on the ground of a contract made with that honorable body previous to my joining the American army. The particulars and the evidence of that contract are stated in a printed pamphlet a copy of which Mr. Hamilton informs me he has transmitted to your Excellency. I have been just informed that Congress intend making some inquiry of Your Excellency respecting a matter which they suppose will throw light upon the subject. I am glad of this reference, because though I doubt that it will be in your power to elucidate the question of the contract, I have entire confidence in your justice and favourable sentiments towards me as to any collateral point which may arise in the inquiry.
The truth is my situation is peculiarly grievous. The manner in which the compensations, I have received from the public have been dealt out to me, has been such as to prevent their having been of any use to me beyond a momentary supply. I trust I shall not be necessitated to abandon a country to which I am attached by the strongest ties to return to Europe destitute of resources with no consolation for my services but the right of complaining of the unkindness of those to whom they were rendered. Surely it cannot redound to the Credit of America to drive me to so painful an extremity. I am persuaded Your Excellencys feelings will not approve of my experiencing so ill-deserved a lot. I have the honor to be With the most perfect respect and esteem Yr Excellencys Most Obed & hum servant


Title: To George Washington from David Stuart, 26 October 1787 [letter not found]
From: Stuart, David
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from David Stuart, 26 Oct. 1787. On 5 Nov. GW thanked Stuart for his “letters of the 16th and 26th ulto.” Stuart’s letter of 26 Oct. is quoted at length in GW to James Madison, 5 November.


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Marshall, 27 October 1787
From: Marshall, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Frederick County 27th of Octr 1787

I have brought with me from Kentuckey for you some of the different specias of wild rhye, a few of the Coffee nuts, Buckeye, the seeds of the Papaw-apple, a few acrons of an excellent Specias of the white oak, larger & finer timber than I ever before saw & different from any I have seen elsewhere. I have sent you also some of the natural grass seed of that country it is of a very luxurient growth and as far as I have tried it appears to be excellent for hay, but as I have only cultivated a small spot, sow’d last fall in my garden, I can as yet judge of it with no great certainty: it does not require a wet soil, but the ground it is sow’d in ought to be rich & made fine. Feby will be a good time, & sow it about as thick as Tobo seed. I have also sent you some petrefied shellfish of a specias I never saw but in that country; I came to a layer or stratum of them about 4 feet under the surface of the Earth as I was diging a seller & although many of them are seen in the branches I don’t remember to have seen any of them alive. I thought to have sent you some of the seed of the Cucumber tree but could get none as they do not grow in that part of the country where I live; nor can I hear of any such shrub as the tulip-bearing laurel.

Mr Colston has promisd to convey to you the seeds &c., together with this letter which I shall only lengthen by adding that I have the honor to be with the most respectful esteem Dear General Your most obedient humble Servt

T. Marshall


Title: To George Washington from James Madison, 28 October 1787
From: Madison, James
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
New York Octr 28 1787.

The mail of yesterday brought me your favor of the 22d instant. The communications from Richmond give me as much pleasure, as they exceed my expectations. As I find by a letter from a member of the Assembly, however, that Col. Mason had not got down, and it appears that Mr Henry is not at bottom a friend, I am not without fears that their combined influence and management may yet create difficulties. There is one consideration which I think ought to have some weight in the case, over and above the intrinsic inducements to embrace the Constitution, and which I have suggested to some of my correspondents. There is at present a very strong probability that nine States at least will pretty speedily concur in establishing it. What will become of the tardy remainder? They must be either left as outcasts from the Society to shift for themselves, or be compelled to come in, or must come in of themselves when they will be allowed no credit for it. Can either of these situations be as eligible as a prompt and manly determination to support the Union, and share its common fortunes?
My last stated pretty fully the information which had arrived here from different quarters, concerning the proposed Constitution. I recollect nothing that is now to be added farther than that the Assembly of Massachusetts now sitting certainly gives it a friendly reception. I inclose a Boston paper by which it appears that Governour Hancock has ushered it to them in as propitious a manner as could have been required.

Mr P.’s Character is as you observe well marked by the publications which I inclosed. His printing the secret paper at this time could have no motive but the appetite for expected praise: for the subject to which it relates has been dormant a considerable time, and seems likely to remain so.
A foreign gentleman of merit, and who besides this general title, brings me a letter which gives him a particular claim, to my civilities, is very anxious to obtain a sketch of the Potowmac and the route from the highest navigable part of it, to the western waters which are to be connected with the potowmac by the portage; together with a sketch of the works which are going on, and a memorandum of the progress made in them. Knowing of no other channel through which I could enable myself to gratify this gentleman, I am seduced into the liberty of resorting to your kindness; and of requesting that if you have such a draught by you, your amanuensis may be permitted to take a very rough copy of it for me. In making this request I beseech you Sir to understand that I do it with not more confidence in your goodness than with the sincerest desire that it may be disregarded if it cannot be fulfilled with the most perfect conveniency. With sentiments of the most perfect esteem & the most Affecte regard I remain Dear Sir, your Obedt friend & hble servt

Js Madison Jr

The British Packet has arrived but I do not learn that any news comes by her. Her passage has been a tedious one.


Title: To George Washington from Gardoqui, 29 October 1787
From: Gardoqui, Diego Maria de
To: Washington, George

New york 29th Ocbre 1787.

Permitt me my dear Sir to intrude upon your rural repose once more with a subjectt that from the moment that I became acquainted with the United States I have exerted myself with unabated zeal to establish a permanent & sincere amity between our two countrys on the principles of mutual interest.
No two nations in the world in my opinion apply so exactly to each other.

On such solid bassis I hoped to have founded a national connexion which wou’d have dayly acquair’d strength from the experience of it’s advontages & did not doubt but the objectt of my wishes wou’d have been acomplish’d with facility.
The generous conductt & views of my Royal Master shine highly with the most sincere freindship & had I mett with a consonant temper in all the states, the great work wou’d have long ago been compleated & our Countrys wou’d have been now in the actual enjoyment of the Conforts & adventages of a freindly intercourse. But the oppossition of Virginia express’d by the published instructions of the last Assembly to her Delegates in Congress has perhaps obstructted the conclussion of the negociation.
These instructions I doubt not must have reach’d the Courts of Madrid & London.
By the publick prints from the last of those places it is assur’d that one of their most ablest politicians has been order’d to the former, & I think we must give it for granted that he will indubitaby avail himself of the above mention’d opossition & instructions.
I leave to your superior penetration to judge of what the consequences may be & whether some thing ought not to be done immidiatly, beleiving it from my heart to be highly essencial to the true interest of the United States, before it is too latte.
I cannot refrain from making this candid communication to you convinced that your constant attachment to the publick good will prompt you to take into consideration these truths & that your Knowledge of my conductt will induce you to attribute this confidence to my sincere desire to promote the harmony & interest of the two nations & to the reluctance which I feel in the prospectt of being obliged to abandon an objectt which has so long held the first place in my heart & which I beleive to be essential to the interest & prosspectt of our two Countries.
Give me leave to congratulate you & to express my sincere joy on the happy escape you made in a Bridge in the way home.
May the Allmighty continue preserving you for many years for the good of this country & of mankind in general & permitt me to conclude with my most humble respectts to your worthy Lady & with unfeighned assurances that I have the honor to be

with the highest consideration & respectt Dear Sir Your most obedt & very humble servt

James Gardoqui


Title: From George Washington to James Wood, 29 October 1787
From: Washington, George
To: Wood, James

Dr Sir,
Mount Vernon October 29th 1787

I beg you to accept my thanks for the friendly information contained in your letter of the 20th Instt but from an entire unacquaintedness with business of the land office, since the Alterations which have taken place consequent of the Revolution, I really know not how to avail myself of it. The case you allude to is—on the 2d of April 1752—I surveyed for one Thomas Mullen (under authority of the Proprs Office) a tract of waste land in Frederick County, lying on the timber ridge near great Cacapen head of Smiths run—400 acres Extending So. Wt 320 to 3 hic[kor]ys in a hollow near a drain. No. Wt 200 poles to 3 black Oaks on a ridge No. Et 320 poles to a black Oak and 2 White Oaks on a ridge—So. Et 200 poles to the beginning, containing as above 400 Acres—for making this Survey I received no compensation. indeed at that time it was done, the Land was (by others) thougt inadequate to the Fee—and that Mullen was a madman. soon after this Mullen, who was a single man, and I believe without connections, ran away and finding no prospect of getting paid by him I caveated the Land intending if no near or better claiment should appear to obtain a patent in my own name—In this situation I presume it lay till I was called from home in the year 1775 afterwards, and till you had the goodness to remind me of the transaction never once occurred to my recollection

—If under this statement which I believe is canded and accurate, it shall be thought that my right to the land is preferable or equal to that of any other, I should be glad to Obtn it—if not I shall rest contented—your advice and assistance (if proper) would be esteemed a further mark of your Friendship. With great regard I am Dr Sir, &c.

G. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 30 October 1787
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Dr Sir
October 30. 1787

I am much obliged to Your Excellency for the explicit manner in which you contradict the insinuations mentioned in my last letter—The only use I shall make of your answer will be to put it into the hands of a few friends.
The constitution proposed has in this state warm friends and warm enemies. The first impressions every where are in its favour; but the artillery of its opponents makes some impression. The event cannot yet be foreseen. The inclosed is the first number of a series of papers to be written in its defence.
I send you also at the request of the Baron De Steuben a printed pamplet containing the grounds of an application lately made to Congress. He tells me there is some referrence to you, the object of which he does not himself seem clearly to understand—But imagines it may be in your power to be of service to him.
There are public considerations that induce me to be somewhat anxious for his success. He is fortified with materials which in Europe could not fail to establish the belief of the contract he alleges—The documents of service he possesses are of a nature to convey an exalted idea of them—The compensations he has

received though considerable, if compared with those which have been received by American officers, will according to European ideas be very scanty in application to a stranger who is acknowleged to have rendered essential services. Our reputation abroad is not at present too high—To dismiss an old soldier empty and hungry—to seek the bounty of those on whose justice he has no claims & to complain of unkind returns and violated engagements will certainly not tend to raise it. I confess too there is something in my feelings which would incline me in this case to go farther than might be strictly necessary rather than drive a man at the Baron’s time of life, who has been a faithful servant, to extremities. And this is unavoidable if he does not succeed in his present attempt.
What he asks would, all calculations made, terminate in this—an allowance of his Five hundred and Eighty guineas a year. He only wishes a recognition of the contract—He knows that until affairs mend no money can be produced. I do not know how far it may be in your power to do him any good; but I shall be mistaken, if the considerations I have mentioned do not appear to Your Excellency to have some weight. I remain with the great Respect and esteem Yr Excellys Obed. serv.

A. Hamilton


Title: To George Washington from Gouverneur Morris, 30 October 1787
From: Morris, Gouverneur
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Philadelphia 30 October 1787

Shortly after your Departure from this Place, I went to my Farm and returned hither last Sunday Evening. Living out of

the busy World, I had Nothing to say worth your Attention, or I would earlier have given you the Trouble you now experience. Altho not very inquisitive about political opinions I have not been quite inattentive. The States Eastward of New York appear to be almost unanimous in favor of the new Constitution; for I make no Account of the Dissentients in Rhode Isld. Their Preachers are Advocates for the Adoption, and this Circumstance coinciding with the steady support of the Property and other Abilities of the Country makes the Current set strongly, and I trust, irresistibly that Way. Jersey is so near Unanimity in her favorable Opinion, that we may count with Certainty on something more than Votes should the state of Affairs hereafter require the Application of pointed Arguments. New York, hemmed in between the warm Friends of the Constitution could not easily (unless supported by powerful States) make any important Struggle, even tho her Citizens were unanimous, which is by no Means the case. Parties there are nearly balanced. If the Assent or Dissent of the New York Legislature were to decide on the Fate of America there would still be a chance, tho I believe the Force of Government would preponderate and effect a Rejection. But the Legislature cannot assign to the People any good Reason for not trusting them with a Decision on their own Affairs, and must therefore agree to a Convention—In the Choice of a Convention it is not improbable that the fœderal Party will prove strongest, for Persons of very distinct and opposite Interests have joined on this subject. With Respect to this State I am far from being decided in my Opinion that they will consent. True it is that the City and its neighbourhood are enthusiastic in the Cause: but I dread the cold and sour Temper of the back Counties, and still more the wicked Industry of those who have long habituated themselves to live on the Public, and cannot bear the Idea of being removed from the Power and Profit of State Government, which has been and still is the Means of supporting themselves, their Families and Dependents; And (which perhaps is more grateful) of depressing and humbling their political adversaries. What opinions prevail more Southward I cannot guess. You are in Condition better than any other Person to judge of a great and important Part of that Country.
I have observed that your Name to the new Constitution has

been of infinite Service. Indeed I am convinced that if you had not attended the Convention, and the same Paper had been handed out to the World, it would have met with a colder Reception, with fewer and weaker Advocates, and with more and more strenuous opponents. As it is, should the Idea prevail that you would not accept of the Presidency it would prove fatal in many Parts. Truth is, that your great and decided Superiority leads Men willingly to put you in a Place which will not add to your personal Dignity, nor raise you higher than you already stand:but they would not willingly put any other Person in the same Situation because they feel the Elevation of others as operating (by Comparison) the Degradation of themselves. And however absurd this Idea, you will agree with me that Men must be treated as Men and not as Machines, much less as Philosophers, & least of all Beings as reasonable Creatures; seeing that in Effect they reason not to direct but to excuse their Conduct.
Thus much for the public Opinion on these Subjects, which must not be neglected in a Country where opinion is every thing. I will add my Conviction that of all Men you are best fitted to fill that Office. Your cool steady Temper is indispensibly necessary to give a firm and manly Tone to the new Government. To constitute a well poised political Machine is the Task of us common Workmen; but to set it in Motion requires still greater Qualities. When once agoing, it will proceed a long time from the original Impulse. Time gives to primary Institutions the mighty Power of Habit and Custom, the Law both of wise Men and Fools serves as the great Commentator of human Establishments, and like other Commentators as frequently obscures as it explains the Text. No Constitution is the same on Paper and in Life. The Exercise of Authority depends on personal Character; and the Whips and Reins by which an able Character governs unruly steeds will only hurl the unskilful Presumer with more speedy & headlong Violence to the Earth. The Horses once trained may be managed by a Woman or a Child; not so when they first feel the Bit. And indeed among these thirteen Horses now about to be coupled together there are some of every Race and Character. They will listen to your Voice, and submit to your Control; you therefore must I say must mount this Seat. That the Result may be as pleasing to you as it will be useful to them I wish but do not expect. You will however on this, as

on other Occasions, feel that interior Satisfaction & Self Approbation which the World cannot give; and you will have in every possible Event the Applause of those who know you enough to respect you properly. Indulge ⟨illegible⟩ so far as to place in that Number Dr Genl Yours

Gouv. Morris


Title: From George Washington to Arthur Young, 1 November 1787
From: Washington, George
To: Young, Arthur

Sir
Mount Vernon Novr 1st 1787.

Your favor of the 1st of Feby came to hand about the middle of May last. An absence of more than four months from home, will be the best apology I can make for my silence ’till this time.
The Grain, Grass-seeds, Ploughs &ca arrived at the sametime agreeable to the list; but some of the former were injured (as will always be the case) by being put into the hold of the Vessel; however, upon the whole they were in much better order than those things are generally found to be, when brought across the Atlantic.
I am at a loss, Sir, how to express the sense which I have of your particular attention to my commissions; and the very obliging manner in which you offer me your Services in any matters relating to Agriculture, that I may have to transact in England. If my warmest thanks will in any measure compensate for these favors, I must beg you to accept of them. I shall always be exceedingly happy to hear from you, and shall very readily & chearfully give you any information relative to the state of Agriculture in this Country, that I am able.
I did myself the honor to hand the set of Annals to the Agriculture Society in Philadelphia, which you sent to that body, through me. The President wrote a letter to you expressive of the sense they entertained of the favor which you did them; and mentioned therein the effects of some experiments which had

been made with Plaster of Paris, as a manure; I intended to have given you an acct of it my self, as I find the subject is touched upon in your Annals, but this letter has precluded the necessity of it.
The 5th volume of the Annals wch was committed to the care of Mr Athawes for me, did not come to hand till some time after I had received the 6th.
The quantity of Sainfoin which you sent me was fully sufficient to answer my purpose; I have sown part of it, but find that it comes up very thin, which is likewise the case with the Winter Wheat, & some other Seeds which I have sown.
I have a high opinion of Beans as a preparation for wheat, and shall enter as largely upon the cultivation of them next year, as the quantity of seed I can procure, will admit.
I am very glad that you did not engage a ploughman for me at the high wages which you mention, for I agree with you, that that single circumstance, exclusive of the others which you enumerate, is sufficiently objectionable. I have tried the Ploughs which you sent me and find that they answer the description which you gave me of them; this is contrary to the opinion of almost every one who saw them before they were used, for it was thought their great weight would be an insuperable objection to their being drawn by two Horses.
I am now preparing materials to build a Barn precisely agreeable to your plan, which I think an excellent one.
Before I undertake to give the information you request respecting the arrangements of farms in this neighbourhood &ca I must observe that there is, perhaps, scarcely any part of America where farming has been less attended to than in this State. The cultivation of Tobacco has been almost the sole object with men of landed property, and consequently a regular course of Crops have never been in view. The general custom has been, first to raise a Crop of Indian Corn (maize), which, according to the mode of cultivation, is a good preparation for wheat; then a crop of wheat, after which the ground is respited (except from weeds, & every trash that can contribute to its foulness) for about eighteen months; and so on, alternately, with out any dressing; till the land is exhausted; when it is turned out without being sown with grass seeds, or any method taken to restore it; and another piece is ruined in the same manner. No more cattle

is raised than can be supported by low land meadows, swamps, &ca; and the tops & blades of Indian Corn; as very few persons have attended to sowing grasses, & connecting cattle with their Crops. The Indian corn is the chief support of the labourers & horses. Our lands, as I mentioned in my first letter to you, were originally very good; but use, & abuse, have made them quite otherwise. The above is the mode of cultivation wch has been generally pursued here, but the System of husbandry which has been found so beneficial in England, and which must be greatly promoted by your valuable Annals, is now gaining ground; There are several (among which I may class myself) who are endeavouring to get into your regular & systematic course of cropping as fast as the nature of the business will admit; so that I hope in the course of a few years, we shall make a more respectable figure as farmers than we have hitherto done.
I will, agreeable to your desire, give you the prices of our products as nearly as I am able, but you will readily conceive from the foregoing acct, that they cannot be given with any precision. Wheat for the four last years will average about 4/ sterlg pr Bushl of 8 Gallns—Rye abt 2/4—Oats 1/6—Beans, Pease &ca have not been sold in any quantities. Barley is not made here, from a prevailing opinion that the climate is not adapted to it, I, however, in opposition to prejudice, sowed about 50 Bushls last Spring & found that it yielded a proportionate quantity with any other kind of grain which I sowed; I might add more. Cows may be bought at abt £3 Sterlg per head—Cattle for the slaughter vary from 2¼ to 4½ Sterlg pr lb.—the former being the currt price in summer, the latter in the winter or Spring. Sheep @ 12/ Sterg pr head, and wool at abt 1/ Sterlg pr lb. I am not able to give you the price of labour as the land is cultivated here wholly by Slaves, and the price of labour in the Towns is fluctuating, & governed altogether by circumstances.
Give me leave to repeat my thanks for your attention to me, and your polite offer to execute any business relating to husbandry, which I may have in England; and to assure you that I shall not fail to apply to you for whatever I may have occasion for in that line. I am—Sir With very great esteem Yr most Obedt Hble Servt

Go: Washington

P.S. I observe in the 6th Volume of your Annals, there is a plate & description of Mr Winlaws Mill for seperating the grain from the heads of Corn. Its utility or inutility has, undoubtedly, been reduced to a certainty before this time; if it possesses all the properties & advantages mentioned in the description, & you can, from your own knowledge, or such information as you entirely rely on, recommend it as a useful machine, where labourers are scarce, I should be much obliged to you to procure one for me (to be paid for, & forwarded by Mr Welch[)], provided it is so simple in its construction as to be worked by ignorant persens without danger of being spoiled (for such only will manage it here) & the price of it, does not exceed £15 as mentioned in the Annals, or thereabouts.


Title: From George Washington to George Mason and David Stuart, 4 November 1787
From: Washington, George
To: Mason, George,Stuart, David

Gentn
Mount Vernon Novr 4th 1787.

In consequence of a resolution which passed at the last meeting of the Potomk company, and in behalf of the Directors, I transmit the enclosed Petition to you, for the consideration of your Honble House.
The Petition is short. We therefore rely on you, if the sentiment shall meet your approbation, for argument in support of it; begging at the sametime (as the sole end is to obtain a more summary mode of recovering the dividends) that you would make such alterations (keeping the object in view) as will entitle it to a favourable reception.
It is, I believe, almost needless to add, that unless some relief is afforded by the Assembly in this instance, that the work will soon stop. The delinquencies are great, & the legal process to

enforce payment so slow, that it seems almost endless and unavailing to attempt it by the mode prescribed by the Act of incorporation. Under these circumstances the willing members are discouraged; and too good a pretext is afforded to a third class, who are neither punctual in their payments, nor yet very great delinquents, to with-hold the dividends which have already been required—and to oppose fresh calls, till the old arrearages are paid up. The consequences of all this is easily to be foreseen, if no redress can be had from the quarter it is sollicited.
Whatever may be the fate of the Petition, I do, in behalf of the board pray, that you would give me the earliest advice of it; because a similar application must be made (but at present it is suspended) to the Assembly of Maryland, when I shall have heard from you on this subject, that the Acts may be in unison. With very great esteem & regard I am—Gentn Yr Most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Noah Webster, 4 November 1787
From: Washington, George
To: Webster, Noah

Sir,
Mount Vernon 4th Novr 1787.

I have received your letter of the 17th ulto, together with your remarks on the proposed Constitution; for which you will please to accept my best acknowledgments—and the assurance of being Sir


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Digges, 5 November 1787
From: Washington, George
To: Digges, Thomas

Revd Sir,
Mount Vernon Novr 5th 1787.

If this letter should be put into your hands, it will be delivered by Mr Powell a Gentleman of character from Philadelphia; who with his Lady are returning from a visit to Mrs Byrd (Sister to Mrs Powell) in this State.
As I am sure it will afford pleasure to Mrs Digges and yourself to shew them civility, I will make no apology for the liberty I take in introducing them to your acquaintance but with respectful compliments to that Lady, in which Mrs Washington’s are united, beg leave to assure you of the respect and regard with which I have the honr to be Revd Sir, Yr Most Obedt Hble Ser.

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to John Francis Mercer, 5 November 1787
From: Washington, George
To: Mercer, John Francis

Sir,
Mount Vernon November 5th 1787.

Presuming that it may have been from the want of your knowing of a safe conveyance that I am not furnished with the sum promised me by you at Philadelphia, I shall be glad to know by return of the Post when I may send for it.
Had you been so good as [to] have favoured me with it by Genl Peckney or Mr Houston who stopped at annapolis and

took this in their way to the Southward—or by any of the many opportunities to Alexa. it would have saved me the expence of a special messenger—the cost of which will, it is proba[b]le, sink the Interest of the sum which shall be received if not larger than was promised, but this the exigency of my calls will oblige me to submit to. I am &c.

G. Washington


Title: From George Washington to David Stuart, 5 November 1787
From: Washington, George
To: Stuart, David

Dear Sir,
Mount Vernon Novr 5th 1787.

I thank you for the communications in your letters of the 16th and 26th ulto both of which came safe. It gives me pleasure to hear that the Assembly has sent the Constitution to a Convention by an unanimous vote, unstamped with marks of disapprobation. If Mr Charles Lee however, has been able to form a just opinion of the sentiments of the Country with respect to it; it is, that the major voice is opposed to it—particularly in the Southern & Western parts of the State. Is this your opinion, from what you have seen—heard—and understood?
Maryland, tho’ the Assembly has not yet met (from which source any thing can have been drawn) is, we are told, exceedingly well disposed to the adoption of it. Nay further, that Mr Chase is become a convert to it. The accts from the States Northward & Eastward speak the same language, though the papers team with declamation against it, by a few—A paper in favor of it, written as I am informed by, or under the auspices of Mr Wilson, in numbers, I here with send you.
With respect to the payment of British debts, I would fain hope (lett the eloquence or abilities of any man, or set of men in opposition be they what they may) that the good sense of this Country will never suffer a violation of a public treaty, nor pass

Acts of injustice to Individuals. Honesty in States, as well as in Individuals, will ever be found the soundest policy.
We have nothing new in this quarter. The Constitution which is submitted seems to have absorbed all lesser matters. Mrs Stuart (who had got very well) and your two little girls went from this on tuesday last, for Chotank, under the escort of your brother; and the wind being high, kept the Potomack on their left to ensure their journey.
I must engage, absolutely, Six hundred barrels of Corn. Less, I am sure will not carry me through the year. Had I the money, or was I certain of getting it in time (but this is not to be depended upon) I might, as I am informed through different channels, engage my quantity on very moderate terms on the Eastern shore of Maryland. But as I dare leave nothing to chance I must take it from Mr Henly. The price, as it is ready money to me, will, I expect, be proportioned thereto. It will not be safe to remove the Corn till after January, as it does not get sufficiently dry to lye in bulk sooner. The last I had from York river got damaged in spite of every exertion in my power to save it. And I must entreat as I shall give Mr Henly timely notice of my sending, that it may be beat out on plank floors, and in a dry house; otherwise it will contract dampness which will render its preservation precarious, even at that Season. I beg also that he may be clear and ⟨decide⟩ with respect to his furnishing me with ⟨the⟩ quantity I want—viz. Six hundred Barrels, for I must meet with no disappointment ⟨of⟩ what is engaged.
Herewith is a letter jointly to ⟨Colo.⟩ Mason & yourself, on the business of the ⟨Po⟩tk Company. With great esteem & sincere r⟨eg⟩d I am—Dear Sir Yr Most Obedt & Affecte Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Charles Pettit, 6 November 1787
From: Pettit, Charles
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philadelphia 6th Novr 1787

I have the Honor to inclose herewith an Invoice & Bill of Lading for 4 Chimney Backs & 8 side Plates or Jambs to correspond

therewith, on board of the Sloop Charming Polly, Capt. Elwood pursuant to your Excellency’s Order. The Charges for Patterns are the Sums actually paid to the Workmen who made them in this Town. The Carriage to the Works & the alterations made there to accomodate them to the different Sizes successively, are not charged. The Plates since ordered are not yet come to Hand, but shall be forwarded by the first Opportunity after they arrive.
Col. Biddle has been so obliging as to offer, on Behalf of your Excellency, to pay for these Articles & to take the Trouble of forwarding them; which offer I declined accepting, not knowing how far it might be agreeable to your Arrangements. If, however, such mode of Payment should be as much or more convenient to you than another, it will be at least equally so to me. With perfect Respect, I have the Honor, to be Your Excellency’s most obedt Servant

Chas Pettit

The Captain has a Certificate of the Plates being American Manufacture, to guard against Difficulties at the Custom House.


Title: To George Washington from Battaile Muse, 7 November 1787
From: Muse, Battaile
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Alexandria Novr 7th 1787

My being detain’d two days Longer at Home on acct of two Trickey Tenants Ocations my business To Prevent my Seeing you

as I intended—I am oblige to Leave Alexandria on Satterday next in order to be ready For Loudoun Court. I doubt not but that you always want money, if you Can make it Convenient to Send to Mr A. Waleses on Friday Evening—I will Endeavour to raise Thirty Pounds—your accts are now in my Debt Twenty odd pounds—Your Tenants in Genl are not much in arrears unless the runaways—From them nothing Can be Expected—Mrs Lemert and Henry Shover is Considerable in Debt, and I am unneasy about it, I do not want any blame or charge against me. They are Poor and I beleave never will be Richer—I know its to your Interest to distress them I do not Like to do it without orders, as It’s Very distressing to me to Breake them up, altho I know it must be the case if they Are made Ever to Pay. Many of the accts are Still in Confusion, I expect by next Spring (at which Time I Shall make return) the accts will be Known, altho Impossable under the Scarcity of Produce as well money, and worse than all, the Execution of our Laws, to Collect the full amount; I Shall Collect as Fare as I can; and advize the Tenants to Comply with the Covenants of their Leases—as but Little regard is Paid to them and indeed any other Obligation at this Time in this Country.
My Servant will deliver a mare on acct of Majr Geo. Washington whome I expect will be at Mountvernon Thursday the 8th Instant.
My Servant has a Horse I obtaind by Law From one Bradwell who run away, to Prevent Imposition by the Sheriff I Priced this Horse among others things at £4.10.0 if you chuos to Take the Horse I will Contrive Him after my return Home to any Person you will apoint in Alexandria, if not I Shall Keep Him, altho I am not in much need—but money Can not be had at this Time for Horses—He will make a good Horse to go of arrents as a Drudge or for a Small Boy to ride the major mentiond that He would answer for Master Custis to ride—their is some Poor Lots in Fauquier that I want Leases for to Fix the Tenants on a Certainty—to Prevent any Misunderstanding Between Land Lord & Tenant—Some few Lots will not bear the Improvements I can Scarcely get a Tenant at any rate to Live on them—if you chews to Send me Six Leases Sign’d I will Promise to do for you as my Self in Executing them—under my Present Sittuation I

Expect you will Excuse my not Visiting you and Look over any Imperfectness in this Scrawl as I write in a hurry—I am Sir your Obedient Humble Servant

Battaile M⟨use⟩

N.B. I can Lodge the Horse some Time at Mr Andrew Wales if you chews to Take him.


Title: From George Washington to Battaile Muse, 8 November 1787
From: Washington, George
To: Muse, Battaile

Sir:
Mount Vernon, November 8, 1787.

Your letter of yesterday was handed me by your Servant—I shall agreeable to your advice, Send to Mr Waless on Friday evening for the thirty pounds.
I do not wish to have Lemert & Shover so far distressed as to break them up, but I should think they might find some method of paying a part, at least, of what they owe, or of securing the debt to me.
If the Tenants do not comply with Covenants of their Leases, they cannot expect that I shall sit quietly under it, for the sole motive of leasing the land at the low rents which they give, was in expectation of having such improvements made thereon as are mentioned in the leases, if that is not done a great end for which they were leased are defeated.
I send, agreeable to your desire, six leases signed, I hope you will be cautious in filling them up.
I am sorry to find that there is any difficulty on procuring tenants for any of my Lots—Mr Bushrod Washington, informed me that he had leased out his land at £17 per hundred & could have disposed of a million of acres at that rate if he had them. I am Sir Your Obedt Hble Servt

G. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Gardoqui, 9 November 1787
From: Gardoqui, Diego Maria de
To: Washington, George

My dear Sir
New York 9th Novre 1787.

Under the 29th Octre I did myself the honor to write you candidly upon a subjectt to which beg your reference.
Since that time nothing new has occurr’d upon it, but haveing the wish’d for oportunity to renew my respectts by my good freind Colln. H. Lee, I gladly embrace it requesting you wou’d accept & give a place in your Library to the last Spanish Edition of Don Quixote which I recolectt to have hear’d you say at Dr Franklin’s that you had never seen it.
I cou’d have wish’d it was in English for your particular entertainment, but it being reckoned the very best Edition of that celebrated work & one in which every thing has been manufacture in Spain induces me to request your acceptance.
Permitt me to repeatt my humble respectts to your worthy Lady & to conclude with my sincere wishes for the pleasure of haveing you nearer subscriving myself in the mean time My Dear General Your most obedt & very humble servt

James Gardoqui


Title: To George Washington from John Paul Jones, 9 November 1787
From: Jones, John Paul
To: Washington, George

Sir,
New-York Novr 9. 1787.

Accounts having arrived and being credited here, that the British Fleet was out, and had been seen steering to the Westward, and that a British Squadron was cruising in the north Sea, I was advised by my Friends not to embark in the French Packet that sailed hence the 25. Ult. I am sorry to have lost that opportunity as those accounts are now contradicted.
I shall embark to morrow, in an American Ship bound for Amsterdam, and have bargained to be landed in France. I shall go directly to Paris, and deliver the two Packets you sent to my care immediately on my arrival, with two others from you that have been since put into my Hands for Mr Jefferson and the Marquis de la Fayette.
I am exceedingly sorry for the long detention of your Letters; but Colonel Carrington, who does me the honor to carry this, can inform you, that it has not depended on me to forward them sooner, and that Mr Jay has had no opportunity till now of sending his dispatches to Europe since the month of June. I am, Sir, with profound respect and perfect esteem, Your most obedient & most humble Servant

Paul Jones


Title: From George Washington to Bushrod Washington, 9 November 1787
From: Washington, George
To: Washington, Bushrod

Dear Bushrod,
Mount Vernon Novr 9th 1787.

In due course of Post, I received your letters of the 19th & 26th Ult.; and since, the one which you committed to the care

of Mr Powell. I thank you for the communications therein, & for a continuation, in matters of importance, I shall be obliged to you.
That the Assembly would afford the people an opportunity of deciding on the proposed Constitution I had hardly a doubt; the only question with me was, whether it would go forth under favourable auspices, or be branded with the mark of disapprobation. The opponents, I expected, (for it has ever been, that the adversaries to a measure are more active than its friends)would endeavour to give it an unfavourable complexion, with a view to biass the public mind. This, evidently, is the case with the writers in opposition; for their objections are better calculated to alarm the fears, than to convince the judgment of their readers. They build them upon principles which do not exist in the Constitution—which the known & litteral sense of it, does not support them in; and this too, after being flatly told that they are treading on untenable ground and after an appeal has been made to the letter, & spirit thereof, for proof: and then, as if the doctrine was uncontrovertable, draw such consequences as are necessary to rouse the apprehensions of the ignorant, & unthinking. It is not the interest of the major part of these characters to be convinced; nor will their local views yield to arguments which do not accord with their present, or future prospects; and yet, a candid solution of a single question, to which the understanding of almost every man is competent, must decide the point in dispute—namely—is it best for the States to unite, or not to unite?
If there are men who prefer the latter, then, unquestionably, the Constitution which is offered, must, in their estimation, be inadmissible from the first Word to the last signature, inclusively. But those who may think differently, and yet object to parts of it, would do well to consider, that it does not lye with one State, nor with a minority of the States, to superstruct a Constitution for the whole. The seperate interests, as far as it is practicable, must be consolidated—and local views as far as the general good will admit, must be attended to. Hence it is that every state has some objection to the proposed form; and that these objections are directed to different points. That which is most pleasing to one, is obnoxious to another, and vice versa. If then the Union of the whole is a desirable object, the parts which

compose it, must yield a little in order to accomplish it; for without the latter, the former is unattainable. For I again repeat it, that not a single state nor a minority of the States, can force a Constitution on the majority. But admitting they had (from their importance) the power to do it, will it not be granted that the attempt would be followed by civil commotions of a very serious nature? But to sum up the whole, let the opponants of the proposed Constitution, in this State, be asked—it is a question they ought certainly to have asked themselves; What line of conduct they would advise it to adopt, if nine other States should accede to it, of which I think there is little doubt? Would they recommend that it should stand on its own basis—seperate & distinct from the rest? Or would they connect it with Rhode Island, or even say two others, checkerwise, & remain with them as outcasts from the Society, to shift for themselves? or will they advise a return to our former dependence on Great Britain for their protection & support? or lastly would they prefer the mortification of comg in, when they will have no credit there from? I am sorry to add in this place that Virginians entertain too high an opinion of the importance of their own Country. In extent of territory—In number of Inhabitants (of all descriptions) & In wealth I will readily grant that it certainly stands first in the Union; but in point of strength, it is, comparitively, weak. To this point, my opportunities authorise me to speak, decidedly; and sure I am, in every point of view, in which the subject can be placed, it is not (considering also the Geographical situation of the State) more the interest of any one of them to confederate, than it is the one in which we live.
The warmest friends to and the best supporters of the Constitution, do not contend that it is free from imperfections; but these were not to be avoided, and they are convinced if evils are likely to flow from them, that the remedy must come thereafter; because, in the present moment it is not to be obtained. And as there is a Constitutional door open for it, I think the people (for it is with them to judge) can, as they will have the aid of experience on their side, decide with as much propriety on the alterations and amendments wch shall be found necessary, as ourselves; for I do not conceive that we are more inspired—have more wisdem—or possess more virtue than those who will come after us. The power under the Constitution will always be with

the people. It is entrusted for certain defined purposes and for a certain limited period to representatives of their own chusing; and whenever it is exercised contrary to their interests, or not according to their wishes, their Servants can, and undoubtedly will be, recalled. There will not be wanting those who will bring forward complaints of mal-administration whensoever they occur. To say that the Constitution may be strained, and an improper interpretation given to some of the clauses or articles of it, will apply to any that can be framed—in a word renders any one nugatory—for not one, more than another, can be binding, if the spirit and letter of the expression is disregarded. It is agreed on all hands that no government can be well administred without powers; and yet, the instant these are delegated, altho those who are entrusted with the Administration are taken from the people—return shortly to them again—and must feel the bad effect of oppressive measures—the persons holding them, as if their natures were immediately metamorphosed, are denominated tyrants and no disposition is allowed them, but to do wrong. Of these things in a government so constituted and guarded as the proposed one is, I can have no idea; and do firmly believe that whilst many ostensible reasons are held out against the adoption of it the true ones are yet behind the Curtain; not being of a nature to appear in open day. I believe further, supposing these objections to be founded in purity itself that as great evils result from too much jealousy, as from the want of it. And I adduce several of the Constitutions of these States, as proof thereof. No man is a warmer advocate for proper restraints, and wholesome checks in every department of government than I am; but neither my reasoning, nor my experience, has yet been able to discover the propriety of preventing men from doing good, because there is a possibility of their doing evil.
If Mr Ronald can place the finances of this Country upon so respectable a footing as he has intimated, he will deserve its warmest, and most grateful thanks. In the attempt, my best wishes—which is all I have to offer—will accompany him.
I hope there remains virtue enough in the Assembly of this State, to preserve inviolate public treaties, and private contracts. If these are infringed, farewell to respectability, and safety in the Government.

I never possessed a doubt, but if any had ever existed in my breast, re-iterated proofs would have convinced me of the impolicy, of all commutable taxes. If wisdom is not to be acquired from experience, where is it to be found? But why ask the question? Is it not believed by every one that these are time-serving jobs by which a few are enriched, at the public expence! but whether the plan originates for this purpose, or is the child of ignorance, oppression is the result.
You have, I find, broke the ice (as the saying is). one piece of advice only I will give you on the occasion (if you mean to be a respectable member, and to entitle yourself to the Ear of the House)—and that is—except in local matters which respect your Constituants and to which you are obliged, by duty, to speak, rise but seldom—let this be on important matters—and then make yourself thoroughly acquainted with the subject. Never be agitated by more than a decent warmth, & offer your sentiments with modest diffidence—opinions thus given, are listened to with more attention than when delivered in a dictatorial stile. The latter, if attended to at all, altho they may force conviction, is sure to convey disgust also.
Your aunt, and the family here join me in every good wish for you. and I am with sentiments of great regd and Affecte—Yours

Go: Washington

P.S. The letter you sent by Mr Powell for Nancy was forwarded next day to Doctr Brown, for the best conveyance that should offer from alexandria.


Title: From George Washington to Warner Washington, 9 November 1787
From: Washington, George
To: Washington, Warner

Dear Sir,
Mount Vernon 9th Novr 1787.

Having received an Official acct (from Mr Athawes) of the death of Colo. Geo: Wm Fairfax, together with the enclosed letter, I take the safe conveyance afforded by Mr Muse, of forwarding them to you.
On this occasion I sincerely condole with Mrs Washington and yourself. Colo. Fairfax has appointed me an Executor of his Will in this Country; but the multiplicity, & perplexed state of my own affairs, and of those with which I have been concerned,(occasioned by a long absence from home, and continual interruptions since my return) render acceptance of the trust altogether inadmissible, however well disposed I otherwise should have been to pay this last tribute of respect to his Memory. The

Letter which is enclosed does, I presume, give information of the bequest to your lady, but in case it shd not the following is the only mention which is made of either of you, in the Will.
“I give devise & bequeath unto my Sister in law Hannah Washington (wife of Warner Washington Esqr.) the sum of five hundred pounds currt money of the said state of Virga besides the lands I gave her Husband.”
The Will being very long I have sent it to the other Executors in this Country—viz.—Wilson Cary, and George Nicholas Esqrs. without taking a copy of it. The principal part of his Estate (at the decease of Mrs Fairfax) is given to his Nephew, Ferdinand, Son of Mr Bryan Fairfax, as appears by some extracts I have taken from the Will. Mrs Washington joins me in best wishes for your Lady & family, and I am—Dear Sir Your Affecte & Obedt Hble Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Steuben, 10 November 1787
From: Washington, George
To: Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, baron von

Sir,
Mount Vernon Novr 10th 1787

The letter with which you were pleased to honor me, dated the 26th Ult., came duly to hand. By the same Post, I received a letter from Mr Secretary Thompson (by order of Congress)requesting a copy of the report of a Committee which was transmitted to me by Mr President Laurens, in Feby 1778. This is accordingly sent, and is the counterpart of the paper I herewith enclose, for your own information.
As I do not recollect ever to have had any further knowledge of the contract which is alluded to, than what is therein contained, it is not in my power to speak more fully to the point; but in my letter to the Secretary, I have expressed, in unequivocal terms, a wish, that your merits and sacrafices may be recompensed

to your entire satisfaction. If they should not, and it proves the mean of your with-drawing from the United States, I shall be among the number of those who will regret the event; as it would give me pleasure, that you shd continue in a Country, the liberties of which, owe much to your Services. I have the honor to be Sir Yr Most Obedt and Most Hble Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Charles Thomson, 10 November 1787
From: Washington, George
To: Thomson, Charles

Sir,
Mount Vernon Novr 10th 1787.

In compliance with the resolve of Congress—contained in your letter of the 25th Ult.—I have the honor of sending you a copy of the paper enclosed in Mr Presidt Laurenss letter to me, of the 19th of Febry 1778, endorsed “Committees report.”
It would, I confess, give me great pleasure to hear that the importt Services of the Baron de Steuben could meet with a reward adequate to his merits & sacrafices. What may have been his verbal, or other engagements with Congress, is not for me to say, further than is contained in the paper herewith enclosed but certain it is, he hazarded his life and fortune at a critical period of our affairs, without those obligations on his part, which impelled Americans to the measure; and from that moment to the close of the War, rendered essential Services to the cause in which we were engaged. I embrace this, as I shall do every occasion, of expressing to you the esteem & regard with which I am—Sir, Your Most Obedt Hble Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from William Morris, 11 November 1787
From: Morris, William White
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Philadelphia 11th November 1787

I take this opportunity of returning you my most sincere thanks for the fusee you were so obliging as to send me & I shall allways remember with pleasure the time when I recieved a present from that Patriotick Chief, who at the head of a raw & undisciplined army defended his Country from the invasion of a Veteran band of Soldiers who were sent by one of the most powerfull Kingdoms of Europe to enslave us, but thanks to Heaven & to you Sir they were disappointed. Be assured Sir its being of American manufacture so far from lessening its value in my eyes heightens its value in them; as I am sure it would in those of any lover of his Country for a People who depend upon any Nation for the articles they consume can not be called entirely independant.
I dare say Sir it will give you some pleasure to hear that this State is likely to conform with the opinion of the Fœderal Convention in chusing a State Convention.
By the New con[s]titution Foreign Princes may see that the American chiefs are not only Warriors in the field but also (if I may be allowed the expression) Warriors in the Cabinet. Mama desires me to offer you & Mrs Washington her most respectfull compliments. Sir, I remain with the greatest respect Your obedient Servant

Wm Morris


Title: To George Washington from César-Henri de La Luzerne, 12 November 1787
From: La Luzerne, César-Henri, comte de
To: Washington, George

Sire
Port au Prince [Haiti] 12th Novr 1787.

The assembly which ought to have been held in France in order to particularize the number & quality of French Officers, who, having Served the last war in America, would be admitted into the respectable Society of the Cincinnati, having not been yet convened; I am solicited by Monsieur de Saqui des Toures, Commander of a Ship, with whom I am particularly acquainted and very desireous of obliging, to obtain, for him, permission to wear the Insignia of the Order. I am doubtful whether the French branch of this Society will ever convene, and I thought it right to consult you upon the hopes & wishes of Monsr de Saqui.
This Officer embarked on board the Languedoc in quality of Leiutenant, having served a cruize with the Count d’Estaing and being badly wounded was obliged to return to Fran[c]e. Among the favors with which he was recompensed at that time, he was not at hand to solicit this decoration which was granted to others less deserving of it. He was entitled to it on account of his wounds, as well as many other officers who had absolutly no other recommendation for it. He is more eligible than ever since he has become Commander of a Ship. He claims it as having been one of the first Frenchmen who bore arms in defence of American Liberty.
I beg your Excellency to inform me if you think this officer, whose merits are known to me, will be permitted to carry the Insignia by which this respectable society are distinguished. For my own part I should wish that my recommendation may obtain the favor which he desires, and of which I can assure you he is worthy.
I know the attachment which my Brother has to you, & I also know the friendship with which you honor him. I am persuaded that he would willingly join me in favor of Monsr de Saqui, if he was at hand.
I am glad, Sir, that this circumstance has given me an occasion of renewing the assurances of my sincere atttachment, and the high consideration with which I have the honor to be Yr Excellency’s Most Hble & Obedt Servt

La Luzerne


Title: To George Washington from Joseph Lewis, Jr., 12 November 1787
From: Lewis, Joseph Jr.
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Alexandria 12th November 1787

Being in company with a Party of young Gentlemen last sunday morning it was proposed taking a Sail, accordingly we procured a Sailing Boat and some of the company mentioning that 2 or 3 Guns wou’d be very entertaining as we shou’d probably meet with chances at Ducks in the course of our Sailing and at their request I borrowed of Mr R. W. Ashton a Gun & Mr Charles Ashton took another belonging to Colo. R. Hooe with whom we both live and as the Wind & Tide were both setting down the River, consequently it obliged us to sail that course, and chanced (unfortunately for us; without your favour) to land at a noted Place called Johnston’s Spring, and of course took the Guns on shore, to prevent negroes or others from Stealing them, for I assure you it was not our intention to land for the purpose of Gunning on your, (or any other Gentlemans) Property—however we had not been there but a few minutes before three Negroes came up to us, one of which had a Gun, they presently espied a Squirrell and insisted much on Mr Ashtons shooting it, which he accordingly did (not supposing he was doing wrong) they then told Mr Ashton & myself that if we wou’d go a little farther into a small piece of Woods, that we cou’d find a large Quantity of Squirrells promp’d by their earnest sollicitations we accordingly went about 200 yards from our company and the negroes still following us very near, we began to return, and as we were getting over a fence they altogether instantly

seized us in the most Violent manner Knocked us from off the fence & snatching up the Guns they all ran off declaring that they had gained ⟨10£⟩, and that they wou’d instantly carry them before you—in short they treated us with more Barbarity than any Highwayman wou’d have done, (finding that we were small)—I never shot once on shore, and Mr Ashton but once—from the above declaration (which I am ready to swear to) shou’d your Excellency think it Injurious to your property for that small trespass, (Tho’ by us innocently done) we are willing to give any satisfaction your Excellency shall think Proper, but we must beg that you will send the Guns by L’Amour, the bearer hereof, as they are borrowed one’s and must confess that I am really asham’d that the Owners shoud Know that we suffered Negroes to take them from us—I am your Excellencies most Obt & very Humble Servt

Joseph Lewis Junr


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Vaughan, 12 November 1787
From: Washington, George
To: Vaughan, Samuel

Dear Sir,
Mount Vernon November 12th 1787

The letter without date, with which you were pleased to honor me, accompanied by a plan of this Seat, came to my hands by the last Post—for both I pray you to accept my sincere and hearty thanks.
The plan describes with accuracy the houses, walks, shrubs beries &ca except in the front of the Lawn—west of the Ct yard. There the plan differs from the original—in the former, you

have closed the prospect with trees along the walk to the gate—whereas in the latter the trees terminate with two mounds of earth one on each side on which grow Weeping Willows leaving an open and full view of the distant woods—the mounds are at 60 yards apart. I mention this because it is the only departure from the origl.
Altho’ I can have little doubt of the pleasure you must feel at the prospect of being soon reunited to your lady and family in England, I do not scruple to confess that I shall be among those who will view your departure from this Country with regret. at the same time I beg leave to add that I shall reflect with pleasure on the friendship with which you have honored me. The testimonies you have left of this, could my mind be so ungrateful as to forget it, would be constant remembrancers. For your kind offer of Services in England I shall feel my self ever obliged and should occasion require it I shall avail myself of your kindness.
I am sorry it was not in my power to take you by the hand the day I left Philadelphia—I called once and as you were not within I did not leave my name intending to have called again but circumstance preventing it I requested Mr Gouvr Morris to offer you my apology and best wishes. should your Son who is lately arrived from England be promted by business or inclination to travel into this State it would give me much pleasure to shew him every civility in my power—the same to any branch of your family—or any of your friends—In wishing you (whenever it shall be undertaken) a pleasent and prosperous voyage, and a happy meeting with Mrs Vaughan and the other parts of your family and friends in England; I am with great cordiallity and sincerity Joined by Mrs Washington the Major and Fanny. and with sentiments of the most perfect esteem and regard—I am—Dr Sir—&c.

G. Washington.