Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Hugh Mercer, 4 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Mercer, Hugh

D. Sir
Head Qrs [New York] July 4. [1776] 9 oClock P.M.

I am to acknowledge the receipt of your favours of Yesterday & this morng, & approve much of the Steps you have taken for securing the Ferries as well as quieting the Apprehensions of the Inhabitants of New Ark by stationing some Troops there.
Upon full consideration of all circumstances I have concluded to send the Militia Home except 500 to guard Bergen neck, which I deem an Important post & capable of being used very much to our prejudice. I am also of Opinion that a body about Woodbridge & Amboy would be very usefull. I propose to retain the Morris County Militia for the first Purpose and leave It to Genl Livingston to order the Security of the other places—As to the Militia who have marched from distant Parts—I suppose like all Others, they are impatient to return to their Farms & Business & as others are dischargd It will be difficult to keep them. however that I leave to Genl Livingston who If he thinks they are necessary for the defence of the province will give them his orders—But I do not require their service any longer. I can not spare Capt: Burr any Swivels, the row Gallies requiring all I have.
I would by all means recommend to you to place a guard at the Two Ferries Hackensack & posaic—I shall send over an Engineer to morrow to erect some Works for the Security of these places—The Militia of distant parts are better in such cases than the Militia of the Neighbd.
In detaining Troops you will please to distinguish & Inculcate upon Others the distinction between the New Levies & Militia, every man of the former I expect with all Expedition.


Title: To George Washington from the Newark Committee of Correspondence, 4 July 1776
From: Newark Committee of Correspondence
To: Washington, George

May it please Your Excellency
Newark [N.J.] July 4th 1776

As not only the Levies but the main Body of the Militia of this and the neighbouring Counties are gone to New York; and as the King’s Troops are in Possession of Staten Island, & there being but a narrow River between them & our defenceless Country; and it being thought improbable that General Howe will make any Attempt on New York with his present Strength, or until all his expected Reinforcements arrive; And as there is great Reason to apprehend that he, knowing our naked & defenceless State, will in the mean time, if his Troops have no other Employment, make Incursions, at least, into, & ravage our Country So near & exposed; We cannot behold our alarming Situation without anticipating the most cruel Distress. Our Country destitute of Inhabitants, Our Wives & Children unprotected either from the Enemy without or the Tories & Negroes in the midst of us—In this dangerous Predicament We have no other Source for Relief but by humble application to Your Excellency; firmly relying on Your Excellency’s Wisdom & Humanity, We don’t doubt You will order the most speedy & suitable Provision for the Safety of our Country & quieting the Distresses of our Women & Children.
If it be really necessary that We shou’d fall a Sacrifice to the Benefit of the Common Cause; We will endeavour to support our Misfortunes without repining; But We hope that the Arrival of Troops from Connecticut will render it unnecessary, & make the longer Attendance of the main Body of our Militia at New York dispensible—We are with the most respectful Submission—Your Excellency’s most Obedt Sert

By Order of the Committee of Newark
Lewis Ogden Chairman


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Adam Stephen, 4 July 1776 [letter not found]
From: Stephen, Adam
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Colonel Adam Stephen, 4 July 1776. On 20 July GW wrote to Stephen: “Your Letter of the 4th Instt came duly to hand.”


Title: To George Washington from Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 4 July 1776
From: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.
To: Washington, George

Sir
Lebanon [Conn.] 4th July—A.D. 1776

The Retreat of the Northern Army and its present Situation have spread a general Alarm; by Intelligence from major General Schuyler received last Evening, I have reason to conclude that they are now at Crown-point and Ticonderoga, in a weak State, and under Necessity of an immediate Reinforcement to enable them to make a stand, & prevent the Enemy from passing the Lake and penetrating into the Country. The prevalence of the small pox among them is every way, unhappy; our people in general have not had that Distemper; Fear of the Infection operates strongly to prevent Soldiers from engageing in the Service, and the Battallions ordered to be raised in this Colony fill up slowly: are there no Measures may be taken to remove the Impediment[?] may not the Army be soon freed from that Infection? can the reinforcements be kept seperate from the infected? or may not a detachment be made from the Troops under your Command, and the Militia raising in the several Colonies and ordered to New-York of such Men as have had the small pox, to be replaced by the Troops raising for the Northern department. could any Expedient be fallen upon that would afford probable hopes that this Infection may be avoided, I believe our Battallions would soon join the northern Army; I shall omit Nothing in my power to expedite them.
The retreat of the Army from Canada exposes the Northern Frontiers of New York and New Hampshire to the Ravages of

the Indians, who will doubtless be spirited up to fall upon them; some of the Settlements on Onion River, I am informed, are breaking up, and removing, and the whole filled with the most disquieting Apprehensions. Some powder and Lead, Upon Application, has been supplied them from this Colony, but the Settlers there from their Infant State, and consequent poverty, are unable to devote themselves to the defence of the Frontiers, unless they should be enabled to hire Labourers to carry on the Business of their Farms in their Absence; I could therefore wish that your Excellency might think proper to recommend it to the continental Congress to order a Battallion to be raised and stationed there for the defence of those Settlements. It would, I trust, be immediately filled up with a hardy race of men in that Quarter, well adapted to repel The Attacks of the Savages, and ready to join and support the Northern Army upon Occasion, and at all Times may scour the woods and furnish Intelligence of the Enemys Motions.
If those Settlers are driven back, besides the Loss of their property, a much heavier Expence will fall upon some of the Colonies, for the support of their Families, than the Charges arising from the raising and maintaining a Battallion of Continental Troops, and we shall still have a Frontier to defend.
The Anxiety of the Friends and Relations of many, if not most of those Settlers, who emigrated from this Colony, and the Importance of the matter, will, I trust, be my sufficient Apology for wishing to engage your Influence with Congress to support the motion I judge advisable and shall make to have a Battallion raised out of and stationed on those Frontiers.
By a Letter from General Schuyler of the first Instant received last Evening I am advised that Generals Schuyler, Gates, and Arnold were to set out on Tuesday morning; I trust they are by this Time at the End of their Journey & hope their presence may have a happy Effect towards retrieving Affairs in that Quarter. I am, with great Truth and Regard Sir Your most Obedient Humble Servant

Jonth. Trumbull


Title: From George Washington to Major General Artemas Ward, 4 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Ward, Artemas

Sir.
New York July 4th 1776.

The Distress we are in for want of Arms induces me again to urge your sending on all such as can possibly be spared with the greatest expedition, The enemy have landed under cover of their Ships and taken possession of Staten Island—from which in all probability they will soon make a decent upon Us, the Arms would have sent to Norwich and from there by Water to this place provided there is no Risque, otherways by Land. Wishing you better Health I am sir Your Most Hume servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Artemas Ward, 4 July 1776
From: Ward, Artemas
To: Washington, George

Sir
Boston 4 July 1776

By yesterdays post I have the honour of your letter of the twenty sixth June and have this morning forwarded the two hundred Carbines agreeable to your directions. I have inclosed a Return of this Division of the Army. Also a Return of the Scotch Prisoners. By the next post I hope to be able to make a Return of the Scotch Cargoes.
The Small pox prevails to such a degree in Boston, and so many of the Soldiers got the disorder, that I apprehend the remainder of them must soon be inoculated. I am Your Excellency’s Obedient Humble Servant

Artemas Ward

P.S. The Judgment of the Court of Enquiry respecting Lieut. Merril was by mistake not inclosed in my last, and is here inclosed.


Title: General Orders, 5 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, July 5th 1776.
Parole Cambridge.Countersign Durham.

Those Regiments who have not made a Return of their officers, their ranks and dates of their Commissions, agreeable to a former order are now called on to do it without delay and to mention in such Returns the Colony in which such Regiment was raised; the time when and period in which they inlisted, together with the vacancies in their respective regiments.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Nathanael Greene, 5 July 1776
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Camp On Long Island July 5 1776

I beg leave to recommend to your consideration the establishing a certain Guard at Red Hook. tis undoubtedly a Post of vast importance, detach’t Guards never defend a place equal to troops stationd at a particular Post. both Officers and men contract an Affection for a post after being there some time, they will be more industrious to have every thing in readiness

and Obstinate in defence. The little baggage that each private has, is of consequence to him, and will influence his conduct in time of Action, if it is at stake. The Officers also will have new motives[.] they knowing a post to be commited to their trust, and that the whole disgrace falls upon them, if any misconduct happens will be much more likely to take every necessary precaution to avoid so great an Evil. But an Officer that commands a detachment thinks little more than how to pass away his time during his tour of duty, it being uncertain whether he shall ever command there again.
I sent to General Scott this morning four Prisone[r]s taken at the Narrows last Night[.] The following is a Copy of their Examination They were taken seperate and agreed in their Account in every thing except the number of men. The Captains account was the best and I beleive the rightest, and I apprehend not much from the truth.
The fleet saild from Hallifax the 10 of June and Arrivd the 29th. The fleet consists of 120 sail of Topsail Vessels and that they have on board 10,000 Troops receivd at Hallifax, besides some of the scotch Brigade that have joind the fleet on the passage. The Troops from the West Indies Joind the Army at Hallifax and was there receivd with them.
A list of the Generals[:] How[,] Pigot[,] Piercy[,] Grant[,] Jones. A list of the Ships of force[:] Asia 64[,] Centurion 50[,] Chatham 50[,] Phoenix 40[,] Greyhound 30[,] Rose 20[,] Swan 16[,] Senegal 16.
four days before the fleet sailed from Hallifax a packet arrivd from England that brought an Account of Admiral Hows sailing with a fleet of one hundred & fifty Sail on board of which was 20,000 Troops. The fleet sail’d a few days before the Packet. they are expected in here every day.
General Carltons Regiment went from Hallifax to Quebeck. the Niger Ship that went from Hallifax in April to Canada met Burgoyne going up the River with 36 transports 6,000 troops on board.
General Carltons Son went into Quebeck painted like an Indian.
The People of Statton Island went on board the fleet as they lay at the Hook, several boat loads of them.
Our people are firing with the Nine pounders at the Narrows

but have not heard where they have done any execution. There was a smart fire heard at the West end of Statten Island about four this morning. It is supposd to be an Attack upon fort Smith in the South part of Statton Island. Nothing farther has happend since yesterday. Beleive me to be with the greatest respect your Excellencys most Obedient humble servant

N. Greene


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Livingston, 5 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, William

Sir
Head Quarters [New York] July 5. 1776

Your Favour of the 4th came safely to hand. The Situation of New Jersey is such & the Apprehension of the Inhabitants so justly excited that I have concluded to discharge the Militia from this Place except those from Morris County whose internal Situation is such as to leave them nothing to fear from the Enemy. These I have posted on Bergen in order to prevent any Communication & to give the Enemy Obstruction in Case they should attempt to land in that Quarter which with the Assistance of the Continental Troops posted there I hope they will be able effectually to do.
The Remainder of the Militia I have dismiss’d as I have Reason to beleive the Enemy is waiting for the European Fleet & will not make a general Attack untill it arrives. But we have not yet one Man from Connecticut. You will observe I have dismissd the Militia from hence but have not discharged them as I am of Opinion a Part of them may be usefully employed in the immediate Defence of the Province: In this View they fall properly under your Command & I would suggest to you the Propriety of stationing them in proper Places along the Shore opposite to Staten Island so as to relieve the Inhabitants from the Apprehensions

they are under of being plundered as well as preventing any Communication with the Enemy.
There are a Number of People in Amboy who will undoubtedly open a Correspondence with them immediately & endeavour to excite Dissafection thro’ the Province now they feel themselves under some kind of Protection. If it is practicable in the present Situation of Things I am of Opinion those Officers of Governmt & the notoriously dissafected there should be removed with all Expedition to less dangerous Places—that the Cattle & Sheep and Horses on the Shores contiguous to Staten Island should be immediately drove back. The Ferries carefully attended to, & all Boats watchd that pass or attempt so to do.
The Number of Men necessary for these Services you will be able to ascertain better than I can—but in such Emergency it is better to exceed than fall short.
As to Provision for the Men I presume while the Militia are employed in the immediate Defence of the Province, the Expence at least in the first Instance will fall upon the Colony how far the Continent will reimburse the Province I cannot determine—But the Necessity of some Supplies being collected is so evident that I make no Doubt the Convention will immediately go into it. In the mean Time I should think no Person could run any Risque in doing what is immediately necessary under your Appointment.
I have been the more induced to dismiss the Militia that the new Levies (or 6 Months Men) may be forwarded as soon as possible, & I must request your Exertions for this Purpose as it is my Intention to have them here without a Moments Delay.
Since this Letter was begun another of your Favours came to my Hands informing me that the Enemy have thrown up two small Breast Works on the Cause way from the Point. You also request some experienced Officers to be sent over—which I would gladly comply with if in my Power but I have few of that Character, & those are so necessarily engaged here, that for the present I must refer you to Genl Mercer whose Judgment & Experience may be depended on. I have wrote him that I should endeavour to send over an Engineer as soon as possible.
From all Accounts we receive I cannot think they have any serious Intentions at present beyond making themselves Masters of Staten Island, guarding against any Attack from us &

collecting what Stock they can. But at the same Time it is highly prudent for you to be in the best Posture of Defence you can. I am Sir Your most Obed. & very Hbble servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Livingston, 5 July 1776
From: Livingston, William
To: Washington, George

May it please your Excellency
Elizabeth Town [N.J.] July 5th 1776

Since my last, I have recieved so many Applications from the Inhabitants along the Sound, Woodbridge & Amboy relating to the defenceless State of their Borders, the whole Militia being sent to New York, that to allay their Fears (with the Approbation of Genl Mercer, who had stopped them at New Ark Ferry, when they were ordered to assist Genl Herd) I ordered Major Duyckink with 600 Middlesex Militia, to Amboy leaving 100 Men at the Blazing Star Ferry.
This Morning I recieved an Application from the three Companies of the Woodbridge Militia now at your City, requesting my Interest with your Excellency to let them return to defend that Quarter—but perhaps when they are informed of the above disposition, it may make them easy. I have this moment recd an Express with a piece of Information, which I trouble you with, only from the advantage that may arise from your having Intelligence of every kind, that the whole may be compared together—and to prevent Mistakes, I beg leave to transcribe the Letter—“Sir A relation of Mr Dississway stole away from Staten Island last Night in a small Canoe with James Fitz Randolph (both of whom are returned again) they are staunch Friends & say that if Dissisway does not return by to Morrow his Estate shall be forfeited—Randolph says he is much insulted for

being a Whig by the lowest Sort, but must return to save his Family from being Hostages—He heard the Major with other Officers declare at about 4 oClock yesterday, there should be 3000 Men landed at Amboy this day before that Time—and from what he could gather, that they intended to push Matters in the Jerseys—We are in such a Situation at this Time, that with difficulty we raise a small Guard and many begin to talk of being afraid we are sold, and if the Clamour is not soon stopped God only knows what soon will be the Consequence in this Place as some intend to go over themselves & Families and not return.”
This Letter was wrote this Morning & is signed Danl Moores, who is a principal Man in that Neighbourhood—Nothing material has happened here last Night, except that being informed of a large parcell of fat Cattle being pastured on the Neck along the Sound, I have ordered a Party to drive off all Cattle and Sheep to a Place of Safety—The Enemy are throwing up Breast Works at every Avenue to the Island, but do not appear otherwise very busy.
I have just been informed that the west Jersey Militia are on their way to this Place, and I shall forward them on to New York unless I recieve contre-orders from your Excellency. I have the Honor to be Your Excellency’s most Hble Servt

Wil: Livingston

  P.S. to a Letter from Philadelphia—July 5th 1776.

  By a Person this day from the lower Counties in Jersey, we are informed a Vessel with Arms & Ammunition pursued by a Man of War, run on Shore at or near Egg Harbour, from which was taken about 200 half Barrells of Powder & some Arms before the Man of War’s Boats drove them off & took Possession—After getting Possession they set the Vessel on Fire, or by some means or other, The Powder left on Board took Fire & blew them up about 50 in Number—This Acct comes so well Authenticated that it is not doubted as to the Truth.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Livingston, 5 July 1776
From: Livingston, William
To: Washington, George

May it please your Excellency,
Elizabeth Town [N.J.] 5 July 1776

I forwarded the inclosed early this morning, but thro’ a mistake of the express was this moment returned to me. Since which I am honoured with your Excellency’s Letter of this Day, part of which is answered by the enclosed Letter. Every thing in my power shall be carefully attended to, for the public Good. We have plenty of Provision, I am informed it will continue. I forgot to mention in my last, that on examining a Person who was taken by one of the Tenders in the Kills, I found that Capt. Williams of the Tender, has a Wife & Children in New-York. He married Benjn Stout’s Daughter in the Bowry. I mention this Circumstance, as it may lead to discover a Correspondence between them. The Examinant said that Capt. Williams expressed his Desire of leaving the Service, & getting to New-York. General

Mercer having returned Yesterday, I send back the Letter directed to him.
Col. Drake of the 2d Morris Battalion has not been able to come down with his Men, till this Day. He has about 250 men, who will be here this evening, and I shall forward them to New York to morrow morning without delay, unless your Excellency shall give other Orders. I have the Honor to be your Excellency’s most humble & most obedient Servt

Wil: Livingston


Title: General Orders, 6 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, July 6th 1776
Parole Essex.Countersign France.

The Quarter-Master-General to have all the empty Casks, which have been collected, filled with fresh Water, to be changed occasionally.
The General hopes the officers and soldiers will improve this opportunity, to get their Arms in the best Order for service—as they cannot tell how soon, or how suddenly, they may be called forth.
Two hundred men properly officered (exclusive of the number ordered the 3rd Instant) to parade to morrow morng, five OClock at the Laboratory, with four days provisions—they will receive tools and directions from the chief Engineer.


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 6 July 1776
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia July 6th 1776.

The Congress, for some Time past, have had their Attention occupied by one of the most interesting and important Subjects, that could possibly come before them, or any other Assembly of Men.
Altho it is not possible to foresee the Consequences of Human Actions, yet it is nevertheless a Duty we owe ourselves and Posterity, in all our public Counsels, to decide in the best Manner we are able, and to leave the Event to that Being who controuls both Causes and Events to bring about his own Determinations.
Impressed with this Sentiment, and at the same Time fully convinced, that our Affairs may take a more favourable Turn, the Congress have judged it necessary to dissolve the Connection between Great Britain and the American Colonies, and to declare them free & independent States; as you will perceive by the enclosed Declaration, which I am directed to transmit to you, and to request you will have it proclaimed at the Head of the Army in the Way, you shall think most proper.
Agreeable to the Request of Congress, the Committee of Safety of this Colony have forwarded to you ten Thousand Flints; and the Flints at Rhode Island are ordered to be sent to you immediately.
It is with great Pleasure I inform you, that the Militia of this Colony, of Delaware Government, and Maryland, are, and will be every Day in Motion to form the flying Camp; and that all the Militia of this Colony will soon be in the Jersey, ready to receive such Orders as you shall please to give them.
I have wrote to Governor Cooke to engage immediately, and send forward as fast as possible, fifty ship Carpenters to General Schuyler for the Purpose of building Vessels on the Lakes. Fifty are already gone from hence on that Business.
The Congress having directed the Arms taken on Board the Scotch Transports to be sent to you, I have wrote to the Agents in Rhode Island and Massachussetts Bay to forward them immediately.
The enclosed Copy of a Letter from Mr Green I am directed

to forward by Congress, with a Request that you will order such Parts of the Stores therein mentioned to New York as you shall judge proper. I have the Honour to be Sir, with perfect Esteem your most obedt & very hble Servt

John Hancock Prest


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Livingston, 6 July 1776
From: Livingston, William
To: Washington, George

May it please your Excellency,
Elizabeth Town [N.J.]6 July 1776

This moment an express arrived from Major Duyckinck, a copy of whose Letter I enclose to save time—I should be glad of some immediate directions what to do with the prisoners, as in the mean time I am obliged to keep them under Guard. I am acquainted with but one of them, John Smyth Esqr: who is a man of so great integrity that I think great faith might be given to his Word—If they are to remain in this province, I know of nothing that can be done with them so conveniently as to forward them on, to the Convention who can provide for their safe keeping. The internal Counties are now so destitute of Men, that I should think it dangerous to trust them there, nor do I know in whom in those parts to put sufficient confidence to entrust their safe keeping.
I am under the greatest difficulty with regard to Ammunition, as the whole back Militia are unprovided, and I am prevented from sending such detachments to particular places as I think necessary for want of powder & Ball.
(Since writing the above, Capt. Kennedy & Mr Cuyler are sent in, Prisoners from New ark). I have the honor to be your Excellency’s most humble Servt

Wil: Livingston

P.S. In consequence of Major Duyckinks Letter I have detached 250 Men to him from the Hunterdon & Morris Militia.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Livingston, 6 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, William

Sir
Head Quarters New YorkJuly 6, 1776 5 oClock P.M.

Your Favour of this Date inclosing Major Duyckinck’s Letters was this Moment received. The known Dissafection of the Poeple of Amboy & the Treachery of those of Staten Island who after the fairest Professions have shewn themselves our inveterate Enemies induced me to give Directions that all Persons of known Enmity or doubtful Character should be removed from Places where they might enter into a Correspondence with the Enemy & aid them in their Schemes. For this End General Heard had Directions to apprehend such Persons as from their Conduct had shewn themselves inimical or whose Situations, Connections or Offices gave just Cause of Suspicion. I have no Knowledge of the Persons apprehended but suppose General Heard had good Reasons for taking hold of these—however if the⟨re⟩ are any whom from your personal Knowledge & Opinion

you think may be permitted to return I have no Objection & sending the others to the Provincial Congress for their Disposal. But as to the former I would suggest to you that my Tenderness has been often abused & I have had Reason to repent the Indulgence shewn them. I would shew them all possible Humanity & Kindness consistent with our own Safety—but Matters are now too far advanced to sacrifice any Thing to Punctilio.
I have given Directions to forward you a Supply of Ammunition—but must beg you to inculcate the utmost Frugality & Care of it as we have no Superfluity. This Supply consists of Cartridges, some loose Powder & Lead. if you have any Occasi[o]n for Ammunition for Field Peices which the latter will not supply I will endeavour to assist you: but I would wish you to make no more Draughts than are absolutely necessary.
General Mercer has just sett off for Jersey[.] in his Experience & Judgment you may repose great Confidence[.] he will proceed to Amboy after conferring with you.
You will please to keep me constantly informed of the Proceedings of the Enemy & be assured of every Assistance & Attention from Sir Your most obed. & very Hbble servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Gold Selleck Silliman, 6 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Silliman, Gold Selleck

Sir
New York July 6. 1776

Governor Trumbull having informed me in a Letter of the 3d Instt that he had ordered Three Regiments of the Militia Light Horse to march to the defence of this place under the command of Lieutt Colo. Seymour, lest the other Troops from your Colony should not arrive in time for succour, & at the same time requesting If there service is unnecessary or can be dispensed with that I would Signifye It to you: I must take this Opportunity to acquaint you that the Intelligence we have received from three or four Prisoners that have fallen in our hands within a

few days past leads me to conclude that no force that can be collected will be too great to ward off the blow that our Enemies mean to strike in a little time—They say (the prisoners) Genl Howe has already 10,000 men here, being Joined by some Regiments from the West Indies and part of the Highland Troops in his passage and that he is in daily expectation of the arrival of Admiral Howe with a large fleet of 150 Sail with Troops on board—That before he left Hallifax a packet had arrived there giving Intelligence that he would be met here by this fleet in a very little time, & that the expectation of ’em is the only reason why the Enemy have not begun their operations—From these Accounts you will readily conceive the necessity of our most vigorous and spirited exertions & that there is occasion he⟨re⟩ for all the men that can be possibly got—But what to do with the Horses of this reinforcemt I am at a loss to determine—It will be impossible to support ’em, & If It could be done, the Expence would be enormous—I cannot think myself at liberty to consent to the Horses coming, at the same time I must request your exertions to prevail on the men—they may have It in their power to dismiss their Horses perhaps after bringing ’em almost here—The Exigency of our Affairs calls aloud for their Assistance, & more especially as there is almost a moral certainty that the Battallions which are Intended for this place will be sometime, before they all arrive & when they do will not be more than half compleat.
Recommendg to your and their Notice what I have said, and the alarmg consequences that may Result from not havg sufficient and timely succours to repel the Enemy. I am Sir &c.

G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Daniel Tillinghast, 6 July 1776 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Tillinghast, Daniel

Letter not found: to Daniel Tillinghast, 6 July 1776. Tillinghast’s letter to GW of 29 June is docketed in part “Answered 6th July.”


Title: General Orders, 7 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, July 7th 1776.
Parole Goshen.Countersign Hartford.

A working party of one hundred and fifty men properly officered to go to Kingsbridge to morrow, to march at six OClock from the parade; they are to take two days provision with them, after which they will draw out of the Stores there—to take their arms and tents with them and when they get there Genl Mifflin will give them orders.
As the enemy may make an attack early in the morning, when there may not be time for the soldiers to fill their Canteens; The General directs that they be filled every evening—The officers to take care that it is not neglected, as it is a matter of much consequence at this season.
James Johnson a Soldier in Capt: Hides Company, and Col. Wyllys’s Regiment, tried at a General Court Martial whereof Col. Read is President for “Desertion” is found guilty and sentenced to be whipped Thirty-nine Lashes on his naked back—Serjt George Douglass, John Davis, John Cooper, Robt Sawyer and George Clarkson, all of Capt: Van Wycks Company, Col. McDougalls Regiment, tried at the same Court Martial for “Mutiny and Sedition”: Serjt George Douglass is acquitted, the others severally found guilty and sentenced, Davis to be whipped Thirty-nine Lashes, Cooper, Thirty Lashes; Sawyer and Clarkson be whipped each Twenty Lashes, on their bare backs for said offence. The General approves of the foregoing Sentences, & orders them put in execution at the usual time and place.
Some persons having barbarously wounded, and maimed some Cattle, belonging to Leonard Lispenard Esqr: on Friday last; The General hopes no Soldier in the Army is concerned in so base, and scandalous an action, but if it should appear otherwise such person may depend on the severest punishment; any person who can give any information in the matter will be well rewarded.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel James Clinton, 7 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, James

Sir
Head Quarters New York 7th July 1776

I received yours by Major Ranselear, and am pleased to find you are makeing the necessary preparations to repel the Enemy in Case of an Attack—I hope you will be able to get Arms sufficient for the Men under your Command who are destitute, but if not you are to dismiss all those whom you cannot equip, (I mean to confine myself to the Militia wholly) as it is equally absurd and unjust, to keep men in Continental pay who will be of no Service in time of Action, for want of Arms; it is in fact amusing ourselves with the appearance of Strength, when at the same time we want the reality—Colo. Knox informs me he has no Carriages to spare, but you can have the Carriage Wheels, which with the Iron will be delivered to the Care of Major Ranselear—As to the Balls for the small arms they should be sent if the sizes could be ascertained so as to fit the Musquets exactly, but as that cannot be done, I shall order a sufficient quantity of Lead to be sent up, which you will direct to be cast into Balls suitable for your purpose—You must furnish the Bullet Moulds in the best manner you can, as there are none here—With regard to the appointment of Doctor Tappen, I would just mention, that as it is a matter transacted between you and the Provincial Congress in which I am quite unconnected, I would chuse it should continue so, however, by renewing your application to the Congress you will doubtless receive a satisfactory answer. I am Sir your Very Umble Servant

G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Livingston, 7 July 1776
From: Livingston, William
To: Washington, George

May it please your Excellency,
Elizabeth Town [N.J.] July 7. 1776.

By Capt. Swan of the new Levies just going off for the City, I take the Liberty of enclosing a Rough Draught of the Sound & Jersey Shore from Elizabeth Point to Amboy, with an Abstract of the different Posts I have directed along the same.
Altho’ this may not be of any essential Service, yet I thought it not amiss, as it might give You an Idea of what I had done, that your Excellency might rectify any Thing that was amiss in the Arrangement.
Since writing the above, a deserter is brought into me, whose Examination I have taken I therefore enclose it, & forward this by Express, lest it should be delayed—I have also this Moment received Intelligence from Philadelphia, that the Pensylvania forces marched the 5 instant to our Assistance, and that the principal Part of the Strength of Pensylvania will soon be on their March for the same benevolent Purpose.
I receiv’d your Excellency’s Letter respecting the Persons apprehended at Amboy, & I shall send them all (except Smith, whom I think I can trust on his parole), to the Convention to Morrow morning. I have the honor to be your Excellencys most humble Servt

Wil: Livingston.


Title: From George Washington to the Massachusetts General Court, 7 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Massachusetts General Court

New York, 7 July 1776. Acknowledges the General Court’s letter of 2 July and thanks its members for their “compliance with the requisition of Congress” and “your kind wishes for my success.”


Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 7 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.

Sir
New York July 7th 1776

I have been honored with your favors of the 3d and 4th instant and return you my sincere thanks for your kind intention to afford me every assistance in your power at this truly critical and alarming period. The situation of our affairs calls aloud for the most vigorous exertions, and nothing else will be sufficient to avert the impending blow. From four prisoners taken the other day we are informed, that Genl Howe has already about ten thousand men, being joined by the Regiments from the West Indies and som of the Highland Troops, in his passage hither. That he is in daily expectation of the arrival of Admiral Howe, and that nothing would be attempted till he came, having come from Halifax in consequence of advices received a few days before from England, that the Admiral was ready to sail with a Fleet of one hundred and Fifty Ships with a large reinforcement to join him here—Those Armies, when united, you will readily conceive will be extremely formidable, and such as will require a large and numerous one on our part to oppose them: But yet I have been under the necessity of informing Colonel Silliman, that it will be impossible to subsist the Horses of the three Regiments ordered; and if it could be

done the expence would be enormous and what I do not apprehend I have authority to assent to; at the same time knowing the important advantages that may result from their aid. I have entreated his exertions to prevail on the men to come themselves. I hope on the one hand, they will see the propriety of my objecting to their Horses, and on the other, the necessity there is of their coming themselves. My anxiety leads me to request a continuance of your good offices in forwarding the Battalions ordered with all possible dispatch. The interest of America is now in the ballance, and it behoves all attached to her sacred Cause and the rights of Humanity to hold forth their utmost and most speedy aid. I am well convinced nothing will be wanting in your power to effect.
The situation of the Northern Army is certainly distressing, but no relief can be afforded by me. This I am persuaded you will readily agree to. I should suppose, if proper precautions are taken, the Small Pox may be prevented from spreading. This was done at Cambridge, and I trust will be continued by Generals Schuyler and Gates who are well apprized of the fatal consequences that may attend its infecting the whole Army. But a small part of the Forces here have had it, and were it not the case, whether Policy or Prudence would allow me to send any more from hence that have seen the least of service. Too many have been already detached; to part with more would be to put all to hazard.
The retreat of the Army from Canada I doubt not, will occasion a great alarm to the Frontier inhabitants, & our Enemies, without question, will use every means they can suggest to excite the Savages against them: but I would feign hope their incursions will be prevented and repelled without much difficulty.
The first oppertunity I have, I will transmit a copy of your letter, to Congress, upon this subject and request their attention to it. I am Sir with sentiments of great Esteem your most obedient humble Servant

G. Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Artemas Ward, 7 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Ward, Artemas

Sir
New York 7th July 1776

I Received your favour of the 30th Ulto and doubt not but the powder claimed by the Assembly of New Hampshire was lent the Continent—The Exposed Situation of their Frontiers renders every precaution necessary for their defence.
I think It would be proper to send a Quantity of it to some safe place on the Communication, betwixt this & Boston there to be ready in Case of Accident—or If it should be wanted. I therefore wish you to lodge at Norwich which I suppose will be as secure as any other place from Three to four Hundred Barrells—In my letter of the 1th I desired You to Send a Quantity of the Highlanders Musquets that were taken—I pray your Attention to my request and that they may Come with all possible Expedition, the deficiency here in this essential Article is Greatly Alarming—I am Extreamly sorry that your Indisposition has increased, and I hope in a little time you will be Relieved—It is now before Congress to determine wether the Continental Regiments at Boston should not be Ordered from thence, as there is almost a moral Certainty that the Enemy mean not to make an Attack there, But to bend their Whole force against this province—Four prisoners that Fell into Our hands last week on a seperate examination agree, that Genll Howe being Joined by some Regts from the West Indies and part of the Scotch Highlanders in his passage heither, has now about Ten Thousand men—that a few days before they left Halifax an Express packett arrived Ordering him to come to this place, where he would be Joined by Admiral Howe with a Fleet of 150 Sail with Troops on board which was about to sail when the packett did. that they are daily expected which has been the reason Nothing has been yet Attemp[t]ed—If Congress withdraw the Regiments you will be instantly relieved, and if they do not I must send (inconvenient as it is to spare a General Officer at this Critical time) [one] to take the Command—I expect to know the result of their deliberations in a day or two—It will be

Right to Comply with the Order of the board of war & Ordinance—and a list may be Transmitted of the persons you have Judged most proper to fill the Vacancies. I am Sir—with my best Wishes for your Recovery Your Most Obbt Servt

G.W.


Title: From George Washington to William Watson, 7 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Watson, William

Sir
New York 7th July 1776

I Received yours of the 19th U[l]to and directd the papers you wrote for to be Transmitted you, but find upon enquery they are not among any in my possession now—Colo. Moylan who used Generally to Receive & Examine the papers Appertaining to the prizes, being Called upon, Says that previous to his Departure from Cambridge, he made up all the prizes papers and put them in Such a Channell as he thought most likely to Convey them to the different Agents, he Supposes these were with the Rest—he Cannot Recollect to whom they were deliverd; If they Cannot be got, you must Try the legality of the Captures upon Such Evidence as you Can Collect from the men who were in the Vessels when they were taken & from Other Circumstances.
If they were going to Nova Scotia for the purpose mentioned by the Clamiants—I presume It will not be difficult for them to prove It by Witnesses. I am Sir Your Hume Sert

G.W.


Title: General Orders, 8 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, July 8th 1776.
Parole Johnston.Countersign Lebanon.

The new Levies from Connecticut, and New-Jersey, daily arriving—a Report is to be made every day to the General, of the

Number arriving by the commanding officer of each corps, in order that proper arrangements may be made.
All officers are required to be careful that their men are acquainted with orders, that they may not plead ignorance.


Title: From George Washington to John Parke Custis, 8 July 1776 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Custis, John Parke

Letter not found: to John Parke Custis, 8 July 1776. Custis wrote GW on 8 Aug.: “Your Letters of the 8th & 24th Ulto came safely to Hand.”


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 8 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
New York July 8th 1776

Congress having resolved to raise a Regiment of Germans to counteract the designs of our Enemies, I must beg leave to recommend to their notice John David Wilpert, now a first Lieutenant in Col. Shee’s Battallion, to the office of Captain in said Regiment. I am personally acquainted with him and know

that he Joined the Virginia forces under my command in the year 1754 and continued in service the whole War, during which he conducted himself as an active, vigilant, and brave Officer he is a German, and his merit as a Soldier entitles him much to the Office he wishes for. I have the Honor to be with great esteem Sir yr most Obed. Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 8 July 1776
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia July 8th 1776.

I do myself the Honour of enclosing sundry Resolves of Congress, to which I beg Leave to refer your Attention, and which are so explicit, that I need not enlarge.

In obedience to the Commands of Congress, I have wrote to Generals Schuyler & Gates and have recommended a mutual Confidence, and Harmony in their military operations. Their joint Labour & Exertions are requisite in that Quarter; nor have I the least Doubt, but they will act on all Occasions with the most perfect Unanimity.
You will please to appoint suitable Places of Rendezvous for the Battalions raising for Canada, and communicate the same to the Assemblies of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, & New York, and also to issue Orders for supplying the Men with Rations, Tents, Month’s Advance Pay and other Necessaries. I am press’d for Time, can only Add that I am most truly, Sir Your most Obedt hume servt

John Hancock Presidt

The Inclos’d please to forward to Genl Schuyler & Genl Gates.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Livingston, 8 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, William

Sir
Head Quarters New York July 8. 1776

Your favour of yesterday with the Inclosures is recieved.
Col. Puttnam went over yesterday & after doing what is necessary at Bergen will proceed to Eliza. Town & from thence to Amboy—He is our principal Engineer & may [be] depended upon for Skill & Industry.
The Deserter whose Examination you sent was brought over last Evening—two others from the Fleet came up this Morning—their

Accounts correspond pretty ex⟨actly.⟩ The latter inform us that Capt. Morris & Elisha ⟨mutilated⟩ of Monmouth County came down to the Hook a few Days ago with 60 Men & are now on Staten Island. It may be proper this should be made known to the Committee of their County or some other Authority that proper Measures may be taken as to their Families & Effects.
As we may expect Deserters daily I would wish that you would take their Examinations & forward to me but dispose of their Persons so as they may do us no Prejudice if they should be inclined. The Congress have allowed 4 Dollars to every Deserter without his Arms & 14 to those who desert with. The⟨se⟩ Expences on being ascertained I will direct to be paid here, unless you would negotiate it directly thro the Congress which I should prefer.
In the Examination of Deserters—you will please to interrogate them particularly as to the Numbers & Health of their Army—The prevailing Opinion among the Soldiery of their Plan & Intentions for tho Persons of their Rank cannot be supposed to be acquainted with Particulars, or any special Expedition, it is very observable that they have a general Knowledge of their Strength expected Reinforcem⟨t⟩ & the great Plan.
Considering our Situation & Advantage I should think it very practicable (if suitable Persons could be found for the Purpose) to have constant Intelligence of their Proceedings, the State of their Guards &c. I wish you would with some confidential Persons turn your Thoughts upon this Subject. As the gaining Intelligence is of the last Importance & the Intercourse they admit & encourage with the Inhabitants seems to offer a fair Oppy of establishing a Correspondence of this Nature.
A Quantity of Musket Cartridges was sent over yesterday to Powles Hook to the Care of Col: Durkee to be delivered to your Order. You will please to recommend the greatest Care in keeping & Frugality in using them & particularly to caution the Officers & Soldiers against firing at great Distances, an Error to which young Troops are much exposed, & which occasions a great Waste of Ammunition. I am Sir with much Regard Your most Obed. & very Hbble Servt

Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 9 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, July 9th 1776.
Parole Manchester.Countersign Norfolk.

John Evans of Capt: Ledyards Company Col. McDougall’s Regiment—Hopkins Rice of Capt: Pierce’s Company Col. Ritzema’s Regiment having been tried by a General Court Martial whereof Col. Read was President and found guilty of “Desertion,” were sentenced to receive each Thirty-nine Lashes. The General approves the Sentences and orders them to be executed at the usual time & place.
Passes to go from the City are hereafter to be granted by John Berrien, Henry Wilmot and John Ray Junr a Committee of the City appointed for that purpose—Officers of the Guards at the

Ferries and Wharves, to be careful in making this regulation known to the sentries, who are to see that the passes are signed by one of the above persons, and to be careful no Soldier goes over the Ferry without a pass from a General officer.
The North River Guard to be removed to the Market House near the Ferry-Stairs, as soon as it is fitted up.
The Honorable Continental Congress having been pleased to allow a Chaplain to each Regiment, with the pay of Thirty-three Dollars and one third ⅌ month—The Colonels or commanding officers of each regiment are directed to procure Chaplains accordingly; persons of good Characters and exemplary lives—To see that all inferior officers and soldiers pay them a suitable respect and attend carefully upon religious exercises: The blessing and protection of Heaven are at all times necessary but especially so in times of public distress and danger—The General hopes and trusts, that every officer, and man, will endeavour so to live, and act, as becomes a Christian Soldier defending the dearest Rights and Liberties of his country.
The Honorable the Continental Congress, impelled by the dictates of duty, policy and necessity, having been pleased to dissolve the Connection which subsisted between this Country, and Great Britain, and to declare the United Colonies of North America, free and independent STATES: The several brigades are to be drawn up this evening on their respective Parades, at six OClock, when the declaration of Congress, shewing the grounds & reasons of this measure, is to be read with an audible voice.
The General hopes this important Event will serve as a fresh incentive to every officer, and soldier, to act with Fidelity and Courage, as knowing that now the peace and safety of his Country depends (under God) solely on the success of our arms: And that he is now in the service of a State, possessed of sufficient power to reward his merit, and advance him to the highest Honors of a free Country.
The Brigade Majors are to receive, at the Adjutant Generals Office, several of the Declarations to be delivered to the Brigadiers General, and the Colonels of regiments.
The Brigade Majors are to be execused from farther attendance at Head Quarters, except to receive the Orders of the day,

that their time and attention may be withdrawn as little as possible, from the duties of their respective brigades.


Title: From George Washington to the Board of War, 9 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

Gentn
New York July the 9. 1776

In answer to your request communicated by Mr Peters’s Letter of the 6th Instant I am to inform you that no provision has yet been made in the Continentl Army in the Instances of your Inquiry though I have been frequently applied to. In respect to the Serjeant Majors & Quarter Master Serjeants they have been exempted from Common duties, which has been complained of by the rest. As to Drum & Fife Majors in the British Army their pay is generally made up out of Stoppages from that of the Drummers & Fifers, but It cannot be well done in ours; all Stoppages being attended with difficulty & giving uneasiness. I would therefore propose that an additional allowance of a Dollar ⅌ Month should be made to their several pays as now established as a sufficient compensation and satisfaction for any extraordinary trouble attending their Offices. I have the Honor &c.

G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Nicholas Cooke, 9 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Cooke, Nicholas

Sir
Head Quarters N. York July 9. 1776

By a Letter received by Congress from Mr Thomas Green Coppy of which they did me the honor to inclose, I have the pleasure to hear of the arrival of Capt. Chace, with a valuable Cargo at Providence—and as that Honble Body have been pleased to order the Flints at Rhode Island, belonging to the Continent, to be sent to me here, (as ⅌ their Resolution Inclosed) I would therefore request you would cause it to be done without the smallest delay, together with the small Arms which came in the Vessell—As to the Duck, if it is of the kind suitable for Tents, either the whole or part, I should be greatly obliged to you if you would order them made up as fast as possible, and forwarded to Norwich, but if it is coarse & Stubborn, and of a quality unfit for the above purpose, it will be unnecessary to give yourself any trouble about the matter.
I am very sorry I cannot spare you a General Officer agreeable to your desire, to take the command of the Forces belonging to Rhode Island, but in the present critical juncture it is utterly out of my power to comply with your Request—General Mercer is the only Officer who has no Brigade assignd him, and at a time when we are in constant expectation of some important movement of the Enemy, his presence is so necessary here that it cannot possibly be dispensed with—the best expedient that can be fallen upon, I presume, would be to give the Command to the Senior Officer of the Troops till a Brigadier is appointed—I have only to add that I am with much respect—Sir Your most Obedient Servant.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Henry Knox, 9 July 1776
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

N. York July 9th 1776

From a view of the present important contest with Great Britain it appears that the war is but in its infancy. To carry it on with vigour and success a well regulated and numerous body of Artillery will be necessary. The present number of officers and men of the Regiment of Artillery here are not sufficient for the posts in and round about this City. To supply this deficiency a number of men from the different Regiments have been drafted into the Artillery pro tempore; This is a present Remedy, but if the service should demand a few Companies of Artillery to be sent on Command it could not be comply’d with unless many posts were left entirely naked. For a variety of Extensive service more officers and men of this profession will be wanting. If it should be thought proper to raise another Battalion of Artillery upon the same plan as the present—it could be very easily effected, by taking the men lately drafted into the different Companies and forming seperate Companies or by taking some officers and men of Experience out of the present Companies and incorporating them with the new they would soon be fit for action.
The number of men drafted into the different Companies would form eight Companies of sixty men, Capt. Baumans lately rais’d would make nine. three Companies more would make up a Battalion of twelve Companies—Upon this plan the Continent would have eleven Companies and Sixty officers more than they now have, applying themselves to the particular Art of Gunnery and ready for any emergency.

Henry Knox
Colo. Regt. Artillery


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Hugh Mercer, 9 July 1776
From: Mercer, Hugh
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Amboy [N.J.] 9th July 1776

Nothing extraordinary has happened here; The Frigate that appeard yesterday under Sail standing towards the Town is now out of View—supposd to be in Princes Bay—At this Post & the Blazing Starr are posted about 1000 of the N. Jersey Militia—They begin to be so anxious to return to their Harvest, under the apprehension of their familys being without support, if they continue longer that I have permitted a Draft from each Company to be discharged—about 200 in all—and have assured the others they shall be releivd when the Pennsyla Militia arrive.
Ten or Twelve days hence the Harvest I am told will be secured; when it is so; the Militia will return On duty with pleasure & in the mean time will assemble at the first Summons—some Troops from Pensylva. are now at Brunswick—but whether they are composed of the Militia or those intended to form the flying Camp I have not yet been informed—The Enemy on the Point in View of this Town appear to be but few—Works of defence thrown up—Two Peices of Feild Artillery only.
We have found a convenient & Strong situation for fixing an encampment within a mile of Amboy—But if that Body of men intended to encamp here, are to cover not only this Province but Philadelphia or occasionally march to N. York I should think Brunswick as being most centrical to all those, would be the most proper place to rendevouz—It seems to me most eligible to releive the Jersey Militia with whatever Troops come immediatly from Pennsyla & about 12 Days after when their Harvest is secured to call them in to guard their own Coast—or go upon any other necessary Service—This I am perswaded they will do with the utmost Alacrity.
The present situation of the Enemy discovers no intention of their Attacking us—it rather points out an attempt on their Quarters, which being made at once att different places would probably succeed; The Contractors for the Army here Col. Denham & Lowrie tell me they have a good Stock of Pickled Pork upwards of 80,000—Any quantity of Live Stock & Flour necessary for our Supplies may be at once procured—Col. Putnam will give his Sentiments as to the practicability of defending this Town. I fear it will require more Cannon & Ammunition

than can be Spared at present—As soon as I can procure returns of the Ammunition & Artillery in this Province, I shall communicate them. I have the honor to be Sir Your Excellency’s Most obedient Servant

H. Mercer


Title: To George Washington from Certain Inhabitants of New York City, 9–14 July 1776
From: Certain Inhabitants of New York City
To: Washington, George

New York, 9–14 July 1776. “Your Memorialists are of Opinion that suffering Tories to remain in this City or near it on Long Island & Shrewsbury &ca will be attended with much danger. . . . Your Memorialists therefore pray your Excellency that orders may be given for the removal of dangerous persons from this City and other Places to some distant parts in the Country, that the minds of your Memorialists and other Friends to our Cause may be relieved from their Uneasiness.”


Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 9 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.

Sir
Head Quarters New York July 9th 1776

Yours of the inst. is safe to hand. Colo. Seymour arrived yesterday with a few of his men when I sent for and acquainted him it would be impossible for me to have his Horses remain here. Forrage is not to be procured, and if it could, it would only be a great expence without a single advantage arising from it. The men are absolutely necessary till the arrival of the new Levies—Coll Seymour is to propose the matter to them this morning and r[e]turn me an answer.
We have intelligence that may be relied on, of Lord Howe’s being on his passage for this place with a large Fleet and about 15,000 Men and is hourly expected. By several deserters from Staten Island and the Ships of War whose accounts all agree, General Howe proposes no attempt on us till the arrival of this Reinforcement; when, it is said, with a part of his Army he will make a descent on the Jersey Side, while the Fleet and the other part of the Army in conjunction attack this City—To oppose this force in which the Ministry put so much confidence, I think it is necessary to exert our every nerve, and by defeating their views this Campaign be enabled to meet them with double advantage the next, should they think proper to pursue their unwarrantable measures—I hope the good People of your Colony or State will be ready on all occasions to fly to our assistance if needed. I have a confidence in and doubt not they will be ready and willing.
To prevent the Enemy from obtaining fresh supplies of Provision is a matter highly necessary to be attended to. I am informed there are great quantities on the Islands in the neighbourhood of New London (viz.) Fishers, Block, Plumb and Elisabeth Islands and Martha’s Vineward. These are accesable to Ships of force, and no doubt they will soon be on a plundering voyage—I could wish your attention to this matter that the Stock might all be removed quite out of reach of the Enemy. The East end of Long Island, I am told, is not less exposed than the others. I think effectual steps will be taken in regard to that, as I have had a conference with the Convention of this Province, and an order has gone out for driving all the Stock from the Sea Coast.

In conferenc[e] of a full Board of genl Officers yesterday, it was recommended I should apply to your Honor for the three Row Galleys lying now at New London or in the River, together with as many heavy Cannon as you can possibly spare. If consistent, would beg to have you forward them on as soon as possible.
I would not have it understood from what I said above in regard to the Horse, that I think it a wrong step their coming forward. I think it a step which was highly advisable, and am much pleased to see with what chearfulness and dispatch your orders were executed. This body of Horse, provided they are well armed with good muskets, must always be of greater service on sudden emergencies to throw in succours where called for, than the Militia. I have the honor to be with esteem Sir Your most obedient and very humble Servant

G. Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Artemas Ward, 9 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Ward, Artemas

Sir
New York July the 9th 1776

The Inclosed Decleration will shew you, that Congress at length impelled by necessity have dissolved the Connection between the American Colonies & Great Britain and declared them free and Independent States, and in compliance with their order I am to request you will cause this Decleration to be immediately proclaimed at the head of the Continental Regiments in the Massachussets Bay.
It being evident from a variety of concurring circumstances, that the British Armies mean to direct their most vigorous operations this Campaign against the state of New York, to penetrate into it by way of the Lakes and the North River & to unite their attacks[;] The importance of it, has Induced Congress to take further measures for baffling their designs and rendering It more secure. you will see by the Resolves now

transmitted that the Northern Army is to be augmented by part of the Troops under your command, and I do desire that you will immediately detach for that purpose, three of the fullest Regiments forthwith to March to Ticonderoga, or such other place as the said Army may be at, and put themselves under the order & directions of the General Officer Commanding the same, You will also perceive that Congress have resolved that the Arms taken in the Scotch Transports should be sent here The President Informs me he has wrote to the Agents respecting ’em but as I presume they are in your possession or in some of the Stores by your order, you will have the whole of them forwarded with all possible dispatch in the usual Rout and with necessary directions.
Congress have made some alteration in the establishment of Chaplains and Advanced their pay as they have that of the Regimental Surgeons as you will see by their proceedings, Copies of which in their Instances are also transmitted.
You will be particularly attentive to hastening the march of the three Regiments and give proper orders for their Rout, and to the Commissary and Qr Master that every thing necessary for the same may be immediately provided, their aid is much wanted and may be of the utmost importance. When they have march’d, you will be pleased to put the remaining Regiments under the command of the Oldest Colo. with such instructions as you may judge necessary and then retire If it shall be agreable to you for the recovery of your health, as I cannot possibly request you longer to continue, and wishing you a speedy restoration of it, I am Sir very respectfully Your Most Obd. Servant

G.W.

P.S. I would have you consult with proper persons & some of the members of the Genl Court respecting the route of the three Regimts to be detached to the Northern Army, And If they shall be of Opinion that they may probably arrive there as soon, If they come to Norwich & Embark from thence for Albany, I should think that would be most preferable for Two reasons—First, It will ease the Troops of much fatigue & 2d, they might if there was a necessity for It afford succour here as they passed. I do not mean to give any direction in the matter, nor do I wish

this mode to be adopted unless there appears a probability of their arriving where they are Intended to be sent by Congress as early as If they pursued their March by Land & across the Country.


Title: General Orders, 10 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, July 10th 1776.
Parole Ogden.Countersign Philadelphia.

A working party of one hundred and fifty men, properly officered, to parade to morrow morning with their Arms, near the Laboratory, at six OClock; to take three days provisions: The Commanding Officer to come to Head Quarters for his orders—The Quarter Master General to provide tents.
Genl Heaths Brigade instead of repairing to their Alarm post to morrow morning to hold themselves in readiness to march—they will receive their Orders from the Brigadier General on the parade at four OClock—The Brigadier will attend at Head Quarters this afternoon for the Orders.
John Butler of Capt: Bridgham’s Company, Col. Baileys Regiment having been tried by a General Court Martial whereof Col. Read was president; found guilty of “Desertion” and sentenced to receive Thirty Lashes—The General confirms the sentence and orders it to be executed at the usual time and place.
’Tho the General doubts not the persons, who pulled down and mutilated the Statue, in the Broadway, last night, were actuated by Zeal in the public cause; yet it has so much the appearance of riot and want of order, in the Army, that he disapproves the manner, and directs that in future these things

shall be avoided by the Soldiery, and left to be executed by proper authority.
After Orders. Col. Drake, who was ordered in the orders of yesterday for picquet, this day, being unable to mount, Colonel Bailey is to mount picquet this day in his stead: Likewise Lieut: Col. Stoutenburgh is sick, Lieut. Col. Sheppard is to succeed in his place to morrow.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Philip Burr Bradley, 10 July 1776 [letter not found]
From: Bradley, Philip Burr
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Colonel Philip Burr Bradley, 10 July 1776. On 11 July Richard Cary wrote to Bradley: “I am commanded by his Excellency to return you for answer to your favr of yesterday, that upon the representation you have made of the peculiar Situation and circumstances of some Families on Bergen Neck, he has not the least objection to allowing each of them the use of two or three Cows for their Subsistence, as he would by no means reduce them to any further difficulties than they must necessarily suffer, by the operations which unavoidably take place, in consequence of the Enemy being so near us” (PHi: Gratz Collection).


Title: To George Washington from John Parke Custis, 10 July 1776 [letter not found]
From: Custis, John Parke
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from John Parke Custis, 10 July 1776. On 24 July GW wrote to Custis: “Your Letter of the 10th Instt is come to hand.”


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 10 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
New York July 10th 1776

I am now to acknowledge the receipt of your two favors of the 4 & 6 Instt which came duly to hand with their Important Inclosures.
I perceive that Congress have been employed in deliberating on measures of the most Interesting nature. It is certain that It is not with us to determine in many Instances what consequences will flow from our Counsels, but yet It behoves us to adopt such, as under the smiles of a Gracious & All kind Providence will be most likely to promote our happiness; I trust the late decisive part they have taken is calculated for that end, and will secure us that freedom and those privileges which have been and are refused us, contrary to the voice of nature and the British Constitution. Agreable to the request of Congress I caused the Declaration to be proclaimed before all the Army under my Immediate command and have the pleasure to inform them that the measure seemed to have their most hearty assent, The expressions and behavior both of Officers and men testifying their warmest approbation of It. I have transmitted a Copy to General Ward at Boston requesting him to have It proclaimed to the Continental Troops in that department.
It is with great pleasure that I hear the Militia from Maryland, the Delaware Government and Pensylvania will be in motion every day to form the flying camp. It is of great importance and should be accomplished with all possible dispatch. The readiness and alacrity with which the Committee of Safety of Pensylvania and the other Conferees have acted in order to forward the Associated Militia of that State to the Jerseys for service ’till the men to compose the flying Camp arrive, strongly evidence their regard to the common cause and that nothing on their part will be wanting to support It. I hope and I doubt not, that the Associated Militia impressed with the expediency of the measure, will immediately carry It into execution, and furnish in this Instance a proof of the continuance of that zeal which has so eminently marked their conduct. I have directed the Commissary to make necessary provision for their reception, who will also supply the Army for the Flying Camp with Rations. A proper Officer will be appointed to command It.

In pursuance of the power given me by Congress and the Advice of my General Officers I have wrote to General Ward and desired him forthwith to detach three of the fullest Regiments from the Massachusetts bay to Join the Northern Army, esteeming It a matter of the greatest importance to have a sufficient force there to prevent the Enemy passing the Lake and making an imp[r]ession in that quarter. The Gondolas & Gallies will be of great service and I am hopefull the Carpenters you have sent from Philadelphia & that will go from the Eastward on your application will be able to build a sufficient number in time to answer every exigency.
I have requested Governor Cooke If the Duck mentioned in Mr Greens Letter is proper for Tents, to have It made up as early as possible and forwarded here. I have also desired him to send the Flints and Small Arms, as I have Genl Ward those of the latter that were taken out of the Scotch Transports, our deficiency in these necessary Articles being still great.
Observing that Congress have particularly mentioned a bounty of Ten Dollars to be paid to men of some Corps directed to be raised in two or three Instances since their Resolve of the 26 of June, allowg such bounty, I have been led to doubt how that Resolve is to be construed whether It is a general regulation and extends to all men that will engage for three years; for instance the Soldiers of the present Army If they will Inlist for that time. If It is and extends to them, It will be necessary to forward a large sum of money. many perhaps would engage. I also observe by their Resolve of the 25th June for raising four Regiments of Militia in the Eastern Governments to augment the Troops in the Northern department that the Assemblies of those Governments are empowered to appoint paymasters to the said Regiments; this appears to me a regulation of great use and I could wish that It was made General, and one allowed to every Regiment in the service, many advantages would result from It.
The Connecticut Militia begin to come in but from every account the Battallions will be very Incomplete owing they say to the busy season of the year. That Governmt, lest any Inconvenience might result from their Militia not being here in time ordered three Regiments of their Light Horse to my assistance, part of which have arrived, but not having the means to support

them, and If It could be done the expence would be enormous, I have thanked the Gentlemen for their zeal and the attachmt they have manifested upon this Occasion & Informed ’em that I can not consent to their keeping their Horses, at the same time wishing them to stay themselves. I am told that they, or part of ’em mean to do so.
General Mercer is now in the Jerseys for the purpose of receiving & ordering the Militia coming for the Flying Camp, and I have sent over our Chief Engineer, to view the Ground within the Neighbourhood of Amboy and to lay out some necessary works for the Encampment, and such as may be proper at the different passes in Bergen Neck and other places on the Jersey Shore, opposite Staten Island, to prevent the Enemy making impressions & committing depredations on the property of the Inhabitants.
The Intelligence we have from a few deserters that have come over to us, and from Others, is, that Genl Howe has between Nine & Ten thousand men who are chiefly landed on the Island, posted in different parts and securing the several communications from the Jerseys with small Works and Intrenchments to prevent our people from paying ’em a visit—That the Islanders have all Joined them, seem well disposed to favor their cause & have agreed to take up Arms in their behalf—they look for Admiral Howe’s arrival every day with his fleet and a large reinforcement; and in high spirits, and talk confidently of success and carrying All before ’em when he comes. I trust through divine favor and our own exertions they will be disappointed in their views, and at all events any Advantages they may gain will cost them very dear. If our Troops will behave well, which I hope will be the case, having every thing to contend for that Freemen hold dear, they will have to wade through much blood & Slaughter before they can carry any part of our Works, If they carry ’em at all, and at best be in possession of a melancho⟨ly⟩ and mournfull victory. May the sacredness of our cause Inspire our Soldiery with sentiments of Heroism, and lead ’em to the performance of the noblest exploits. with this wish I have the honor to be with the greatest esteem Sir Yr Most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 10 July 1776
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia July 10th 1776.

The enclosed Letter from Mr Ephraim Anderson, I am directed to transmit by Order of Congress.
As Mr Anderson appears to be an ingenious Man, and proposes to destroy the British Fleet at New York, the Congress are willing to give him an Opportunity of trying the Experiment, and have therefore thought proper to refer him to you.
The Event only can shew, whether his Scheme is visionary, or practicable. Should it be attended with Success, (and the very Chance of it is sufficient to justify the Attempt) the infinite Service to the American States arising therefrom, cannot be described. Or should it fail, our Situation will be, in every Respect, the same as before. Many Things seem highly probable in Speculation, which however cannot be reduced to Practice. And on the other Hand, Experiment has shewn, that many Things are extremely practicable, which our most accurate Reasonings had taught us to believe were impossible. I have the Honour to be Sir, with the greatest Respect your most obed. & very hble Servt

John Hancock Presidt


Title: General Orders, 11 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, July 11th 1776.
Parole Quebec.Countersign Roxborough.

General Spencers Brigade, instead of repairing to their Alarm post, to hold themselves in readiness to march to morrow morning at four O’Clock—The Brigadier General will attend at

Head Quarters this evening for orders, which he will deliver on the parade, to morrow morning, to the brigade.
As the weather is very warm, there will be the greatest danger of the Troops growing unhealthy, unless both officers and men are attentive to cleanliness, in their persons and quarters, The officers are required to visit the men frequently in their quarters to impress on them the necessity of frequently changing their linnen, cleaning their persons, and wherever it can be avoided not to cook their victuals in the same room where they sleep—If any of the officers apprehend themselves crowded in their quarters they are to represent it to the Barrack Master who is ordered to accommodate them in such a manner as to be most conducive to health and convenience—The good of the service, the comfort of the men, and the merit of the officers will be so much advanced, by keeping the troops as neat and clean as possible, that the General hopes that there will be an emulation upon this head; and as a scrutiny will soon be made, those who shall be found negligent will be punished, and the deserving rewarded.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Nathanael Greene, 11 July 1776
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Camp On Long Island July 11. 1776

A report was sent in last Evening from the out Guards at the Narrows that there was two Ships, One Briggantine & one Schooner standing in for the Hook last Night.
I was mentioning some few days past that a putrid fever prevailed in my Brigade; and that I thought it partly oweing to their feeding too freely on Animal food. Vegetables would be much more wholesome; and by your Excellencies Permission they may be provided for the Troops without any additional expence to the Continent. If the Colonels of the Regiments were

allowd to retrench in the Article of meat; and that they should draw its Value in money to be apply’d by the Quarter Master of the Regiment to the procureing necessary sauce, the Quarter master to draw the money weekly and account to the Commanding Officer of the Regiment how it is expended and for what. This method may be a little more troublesome to the Commisary General & the Quarter Masters of the Regiment, but if it will remedy so great an Evil as now prevails, I think it worthy your Excellencys Attention. The Troops cannot complain that they are scanted in their Allowance, leaveing them at Liberty to draw either meat or money as the inclination of the Troops or commanding officer may lead them, puts it out of their power to complain. People often would adopt measures when left to their choice, that they would think a hardship to have imposd upon them.
Cleanliness contributes much to the health of the Troops, they now do and have done so much fatigue that the allow[anc]e of Soap will not keep them clean. Their Cloathing gets exceeding dirty, and they wear out twice as many cloaths on fatigue as doing other duty. I should think it a piece of Justice due to the Troops for the extraordin[ar]y fatigue to be allowd a double quantity of soap when they are employ’d so much on fatigue. This is a grieveance I have often heard the officers complain on, that the fatigue wore out the Troops cloathing faster than they could get them; and that they made themselves so dirty at Work, that the allowance of soap would not clean them.
I have never mentiond anything of farther allowance of soap to any Person except the other Evening at Head Quarters. I only beg leave to propose it to your Excellencys consideration and leave it for your better Judgment to determin the propriety and Utillity of such an establishment. Believe me to be with the greatest Respect your Excellencys most Obedient humble Servant

Nath. Greene


Title: From George Washington to the Massachusetts General Court, 11 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Massachusetts General Court

Gentn
New York July the 11. 1776

At a crisis like the present, when our Enemies are prosecuting a War with unexampled severity—When they have called upon foreign mercenaries, and have excited Slaves and Savages to arms against us, a regard to our own security & happiness calls upon us to adopt every possible expedient to avert the blow & prevent the meditated ruin.
Impressed with this Sentiment, and impelled by necessity, the Congress have been pleased to empower me, as you will perceive by the Inclosed copy of their Resolve, which I have the honor of transmitting you, to call to our aid so many of the St John’s, Nova Scotia and Penobscott Indians, as I might Judge necessary; At the same time they have desired that I should request the assistance of your Honble body in carrying their views into execution, and to assure you that whatever expences you may necessarily Incur in doing It, and as Incident to It, they will reimburse.
Esteeming their service of much importance, particularly If the Enemy should attempt an Impression into the Interior parts of the Country, I must entreat your kind Offices upon this occasion, and your friendly exertions immediately to engage on the best terms you can, Five or Six hundred Men of these Tribes, and have them marched with all possible expedition to Join the Army here.
Having professed a strong inclination to take part with us in the present contest, It is probable they may be engaged for less pay & on better Terms than the Continental Troops, but If they can not, they must be allowed It. The Term of their Inlistment should be for Two or three years unless sooner discharged, (the right of which should be reserved us) If they will engage for so long a time—If not, for such time as they will agree to, provided It is not too short: and It must be part of the Treaty, & enjoined upon ’em, to bring every man his Firelock If It can be possibly

effected. As the Services they may render will probably depend on their early & timely arrival, It is unnecessary to suggest to you the necessity of the utmost dispatch in the matter.
I well know the Execution of the work will be attended with some trouble & Inconvenience, but a consideration of the benefits that may arise from employing them, and your zeal for the common cause, I am persuaded will surmount every Obstacle and apologize for my requisition, especially as It comes recommended & supported by authority of Congress. I have the Honor to be with sentiments of Great respect Gentn Yr most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington

P.S. Since I had the honor of addressing you on the 9 Instant I have received a Resolve from Congress for calling the other Two Continenl Regimts from the Massachusets Bay to Join the Army here. A Copy of which I have Inclosed and by the advice of my General Officers have wrote Genl Ward to detach ’em immediately—the Accounts we have all agreeing that Lord Howe is every day expected with 150 Transports with at least 15,000 Troops, in addition to those already here.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Hugh Mercer, 11 July 1776 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Mercer, Hugh

Letter not found: to Brigadier General Hugh Mercer, 11 July 1776. On 14 July Mercer wrote to GW: “I had the honor to re[c]eive your Instructions of the 11th Inst.”


Title: To George Washington from the Pennsylvania Committee of Safety, 11 July 1776
From: Pennsylvania Committee of Safety
To:

Sir
In Committee of Safety Philada 11th July 1776

Your Excellencies Letter of the 8th inst. is receiv’d, but the Committee having previously determined on the Appointment

of the four Captains of the German Battalion, think themselves very unfortunate, in not having it in their Power to shew the proper respect to the recommendation of Lieut: Waelpart. the letter is however sent forward to the Convention of Maryland, who probably have not yet filled up the appointments committed to them by Congress.
The Committee understanding that Fire Vessels & Rafts are preparing at New York, and being told that the Combustibles, are manag’d there, in a method different from ours, they are induced to send Capt. Hazelwood to your Excellency to offer his Services in this Business—they have the highest confidence in his skill and abilities having given him the Command of all their Vessels and Rafts—He has sent forward a quantity of useful Materials, which he is told do not make any part of the composition at New York. The Committee do not mean he shall obtrude his opinion or advice, upon those, to whom your Excellency may have committed the direction of this Species of Defence, but they thought on the Comparison of different Modes, some real improvements might be struck out, He takes with him Mr Bedford who has Assisted in the Construction of some of our Fire Rafts. By Order of the Board—I have the Honor to be Your most obedt hum. Servt

Geo. Clymer Chairman


Title: From George Washington to Major General Philip Schuyler, 11 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Schuyler, Philip

Dear Sir
New York July the 11th 1776.

I received Your Favors of the 1st & 2 Instant & agreeable to Your Request, transmitted Congress a Copy of the Former & of Its several Inclosures. The Important Subjects referred to them, have met with their Attention & the Letter Accompanying this, will inform both You & General Gates of the result of their Deliberations. I hope, that Harmony & a Good Agreement will subsist between You, as the most likely Means to advance the Interest of the Cause You both wish to promote. They have determined the Matter between Mr Trumbull & Mr Livingston & the Right of supplying the Northern Army & Appointing Persons for that Purpose to be in the former.
I gave Orders immediately on Receipt of Your Favors for the several Articles You wrote for, to be sent You, If they could be had. Ball or Buck Shot could not be spared from hence & I directed a Quantity of Lead to be sent You, out of Which You must Attempt to have them made.
I have not heard any Thing of the Money mentd by Mr Duane. I imagin It has not been sent. If an Accident had befallen It, the Matter would have been known ’Ere now.
Since my last General Howe’s Fleet from Halifax has arrived, in Number about 130 Sail. His Army is between 9 & 10 Thousand, being Joined by some of the Regiments from the West Indies, & having fallen in with Part of the Highland Troops in his Passage. He has landed his Men on Staten Island, which they Mean to secure, & is in daily Expectation of the Arrival of Lord Howe with one hundred & fifty Ships with a large & powerfull Reinforcemnt. This We have from four Prisoners that fell into our Hands & some Deserters who say, That an Advice Packet

arrived at Halifax before they left It, informing that he was ready to sail when that came from England, to Join General Howe here, In Consequence of Which he came with the present Armament. They add that Nothing will be attempted till his Arrival. Their Intelligence I have no Doubt is well founded, indeed the Enemy having done Nothing Yet affords Proof beyond Question, that they are waiting for more Troops. We are strengthening Ourselves as much as possible, & deem their staying out so long a Fortunate Circumstance, as It not only gives Us an Opportunity of Advancing our Works, but of Getting some Relief from the Neighbouring Provinces. From Every Appearance they Mean to make a most Vigorous Push to subdue Us this Campaign, And for this Purpose to possess themselves of this Colony, If possible as a Step leading to It. Our Utmost Exertions must be used & I trust thro’ the Favor of divine Providence they will be disappointed in their Views.
As having a large Number of Gondolas & Gallies on the Lakes will be of Great Importance, Mr Hancock informs Me in his Letter of the 6 Inst., That fifty Carpenters were then gone from Philadelphia in Order to build them, & that he had wrote to Governor Cooke to engage & forward the same Complimt. I am advised too by Governor Trumbull, in a Letter just received, that he has procured two Companies of Twenty five Each, who were about to set out. When they arrive, they will be able, I am in Hopes, to turn several off the stocks in a little Time.
It being Evident that an Attempt will be made by General Burgoyne to penetrate & Make an Impression into the Colonies by Way of the Lakes, unless there is a sufficient Force to Oppose him, I have exercised a Discretionary Power, With Which I was honored by Congress, & ordered three of the fullest Continental Regiments that were stationed in the Massachusetts Government to March Immediately on receiving my Orders to Join the Northern Army. I have directed them to come to Norwich & there Embark for Albany, hoping they will Arrive as Expeditiously in this Way, & with Much Less Fatigue, than if they had pursued their Rout by Land altogether, at this Hot uncomfortable Season. These with such Militias as may be furnished from the several Colonies required to provide them, with the Troops that were under General Sullivan in Canada, I flatter Myself will be able & more than Equal to repel any Invasion that may be

attempted in that Quarter. It will be some Time before their Aid can be had, having never had the Authority of Congress to order ’em till within this Week.
You will perceive by the inclosed Declaration That Congress of late, have been deliberating on Matters of the Utmost Importance. Impelled by Necessity & a Repetition of Injuries, no longer sufferable, without the Most distant Prospect of Relief, they have asserted the Claims of the Colonies to the Rights of Humanity, absolved them from All Allegiance to the British Crown & declared them free & Independant states. In Obedience to their Order, the same must be proclaimed throughout the Northern Army.
A Prisoner taken Yesterday belonging to the 10th Regiment says, That Admiral Howe is hourly Expected, He adds that a Vessel has Arrived from his Fleet. I am Dear Sir, Your Most Obedt Servt

G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 11 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.

Sir
New York 11th July 1776

I duly received your favor of the 6th instant and return you my best thanks for the attention you have shewn at this Crisis, in preparing the several Regiments of Militia which are nearest this place to be ready for marching when ordered. Some of the Troops have arrived, and I hope the rest will follow without loss of time.
In my last letter I wrote you fully relative to the Light Horse, which have arrived to the number of between 4 & 500, and have the happiness to acquaint you, the Officers and Men of that Corps have manifested so firm an attachment to the Cause we are engaged in, that they have consented to remain here till such

a Body of Troops are marched from your Colony as will be a sufficient reinforcement, so as to admit of their leaving this City with safety. I mention this matter with greater pleasure, as they have the additional merit of determining to stay, even if they are obliged to maintain the Horses at their own expence.
I have also wrote you with regard to sending any Troops from hence to the Northward to be replaced by the Militia from your Province, and have stated the injudiciousness of adopting such a measure—It is indeed a great misfortune that the Small Pox is so prevalent in our Northern Army; but I conceive it would be highly impolitic, at this important period, to send away Troops who have been a considerable time in the service, and to have their places supplied by men of much less experience who belong to the Militia. I have only to add, that I am with much esteem Sir your very humble Servant

G. Washington

P.S. I must refer you to my letter abovementioned for my sentiments with respect to moving the Cattle from the different places specified. As to the Cattle on Montauk Point I can only say, some method must be devised to answer the purpose of preventing the inhabitants of East Hampton from suffering, on the one hand, and the supply of the Enemy with any Stock, on the other.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Artemas Ward, 11 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Ward, Artemas

Sir
New York July 11th 1776

Since writing you on the 9th Instt I have been honored with a Letter from Congress, Inclosg a Resolve, a Copy of which you have transmitted herewith, empowering me to call to the Assistance of the army here, the other Two Regimts. of Continental Troops now in the Massachusetts Governmt & not Ordered in my last to be detached to Join the Northern Army. I am now to request by advice of my Genl Officers that you will give immediate orders not only to them but the three destined for the

Northward to repair with all possible dispatch to Norwich where they will embark It being the Opinion of all the Officers, that It will be better for the whole, as well the three Intended for the Northward; as those to reinforce the Troops here, to take this route in preference of any other—It may turn out the most expeditious and It is certain the men will be eased from the fatigues of a long & disagreable march at this hot & uncomfortable season—It will be necessary that you should write Mr Huntingdon at Norwich to prepare as many Vessells as will bring the whole of ’em—The Qr Mr & Commissary you will give proper orders to that they may provide in each of their departmts such supplies of necessaries for the route as may be wanted.
I have just now received your favor of the 4 Inst. with Its sevl Inclosures—It is extremely unlucky that the small pox should prevail in the Army at this time, but such is the necessity that every possible succour should be given to the Troops here & those at the Northward at this critical period, that It is the sentimt of myself & Other Genl Officers that the whole of the Regiments that are not Infected with the disorder should be Instantly forwarded—The Calamities that would flow from It’s being communicated to the whole Army are too obvious to need mention, you will therefore direct the utmost care & attention to be used to prevent those that are well from taking the Infection & for this end that they may be kept separate and apart from those that have the disorder—Every precaution will not be more than necessary to prevent the fatal consequences that will attend their bringg & spreading It at this time, and I trust that nothing in your power to prevent It will be wanting. Such of the men who are down with It & those you may suspect have received the Infection, you will put under a proper Officer or Officers to whom you will give Orders to proceed with them to this place, as early as possible after they are well and clear of the Infection. The Company or such part of the Train of Artillery as are there must remain in case they should be wanted.
I request that you will have an accurate an[d] exact return made of All the Military and Other Stores belonging to the Continent that I may be enabled to transmit It to the Board of War & Ordinance agreable to their Order. You will charge the Commissary or Conductor with the care of them and that he will

remain & guard them in a safe & secure manner—he must be active & vigilant in his duty that nothing may be lost or Injured. Yrs

G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Artemas Ward, 11 July 1776
From: Ward, Artemas
To: Washington, George

Sir
Boston 11 July 1776

Agreeable to your Directions I have forwarded all the Arms and Accoutrements fit for use that were in the Hands of the Agents, lately taken from the Scotch Prisoners. The Agents, without my knowledge, parted with part of the Arms; part of them were taken by the Commander of a Connecticut Privateer who assisted in taking the Transports; and some I am told were thrown overboard by the Prisoners, and others were broken; but I have not been able to obtain an exact Return of the Arms taken. I am Your Excellency’s Obedient Humble Servant

Artemas Ward


Title: To George Washington from Major General Artemas Ward, 11 July 1776
From: Ward, Artemas
To: Washington, George

Sir
Boston 11 July 1776

Inclosed are the Invoices of the Cargoes taken on board the Scotch Transports, which I received from the Agents. I am Your Excellency’s Obedient Humble Servant

Artemas Ward

P.S. I have just received an account from Cape Ann that two Ships were the sixth instant sent into that Harbour by a Privateer lately fitted out from this Town; the prizes were from the West Indias, one had four hundred hogsheads of Rum for General Howe, the other was bound for England with four hundred hogsheads of Sugar, two hundred hogsheads of Rum, Cotton Wool &c. &c.


Title: General Orders, 12 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, July 12th 1776.
Parole Somerset.Countersign Tunbridge.

Thomas Blunfield of Capt: Darrows Company, Col. Parson’s Regiment, tried by a General Court Martial whereof Colonel Read was President, was found guilty of “Desertion” and sentenced to receive Thirty-nine Lashes—The General approves the sentence, & orders it to be executed at the usual time and place.
Lord Stirling’s Brigade to be on the parade at four oClock to morrow morning, with their Arms and Accoutrements, ready to march; they will receive their orders from their Brigadier at the parade.


Title: Council of War, 12 July 1776
From: Council of War
To: Washington, George

[New York, 12 July 1776]

At a Council of War held at Head Quarters July 12. 1776
Present His Excelly General Washington[,] Major Gen. Puttnam[,] Brigadier Generals Heath[,] Spencer[,] Green[,] Ld Stirling[,] Scott[,] Wadsworth[,] Heard.
The General proposed to the Consideration of the Board a Plan of a Descent upon Staten Island in different Places so as to form a general Attack upon the Enemy’s Quarters—And a Question was made Whether in our present Situation such a Measure was adviseable.
Agreed Unanimously. That it was not.
The General then proposed a Partizan Party with a View to alarm the Enemy & encourage our own Troops who seem generally desirous something should be done.
Agreed That Major Knowlton who is stationed at Bergen & has reconnoitred the Island do confer with General Mercer thereon—& if they upon Consideration shall deem such a Surprize practicable & that the Retreat of the Men can be secured the General be advised to prosecute it—That this Enterprize be accompanied with a Cannonade upon the Fleet from Bergen Point if the Distance will admit.