Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 21 December 1779
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

          Sir
          Morris Town December 21st 79

        I have frequently mention’d to Your Excellency the great difficulty—delay and embarrassments I have met with in endeavoring to quarter the Officers of the Army in convenient and suitable quarters, agreable to their respective ranks and conditions. The business has been persued with industry—patience and attention, equal to the importance of the object, or end in view; but such are the obstacles, owing to the defects of the Law; the circumstances and disposition of the Inhabitants, that I find it altogether impossible to accomplish it, consistant with the dispach necessary, or just accommodation of the Officers. I have examined the Law, and consulted the Majestrates—The Law is too silent & ambiguous to authorize the Majestrate to act with decision, or to impress the Inhabitants with the necessity of implicit obedience. It is so much so, that the Majestrates refuse to act under it, or the Inhabitants to submit to it. I cannot pretend to investigate the intention of the Legislature in framing the Law, with respect to providing Quarters, but it appears to me to be calculated rather for the maridian of the Militia under a peace establishment than for the army of the Empire employed for the defence of one of the invaded branches. The Law, as it now stands, is so unequal to the business, that it only serves to excite mutual jealousies—reproaches and dissatisfaction, between the Inhabitants & the army. The evil tendency, and ill cons[e]quences of this disposition, are too obvious to need a comment. Indeed, I think it utterly impossible to frame any Law to be administered upon, under the direction of a Majestrate, that can be accommodated to the demands of the army or the nature of the service. There are so many things with respect to the

movements and Dispositions of an Army, which are improper to be explained, as well as present circumstances, connected with remote causes, that the necessity of many measures cannot be sufficiently enforced upon the Majestrates to make proper provision or upon the Inhabitants to submit to the inconveniencies; Neither can the business be done with that dispatch and regard to the service, which the circumstances of the army may render necessary. It far exceeds the wisdom of any Legislature to accommodate a Law to the many exigenc[i]es of an army; employed in the defence of a Country actually invaded—either with respect to providing Quarters, or limitting trespasses. Neither is it in the power of the most cautious General, with every precaution that can be taken, and with Officers perfectly disposed to give every kind of protection to the property of the Inhabitants, and to treat, with respect, the Laws of the Land, to avoid infringing upon both in numberless Instances; and therefore, I conceive any Law which leads the Inhabitants to a belief that these are wanton depradations upon their property, and unjust invasions upon the Law, tends to create distrust among the people and destroy that confidence which is essential to the well-being, of both the Country and the Army. It is for this cause that I could wish that the different Legislatures would distinguish between a peace and War Establishment—between an Army employed for the protection of a State, and troops marching through it in perfect security & at Liberty to persue such Routes and in such numbers as may be most conducive to their own ease and convenience, and least oppressive to the Inhabitants—It is for this cause that I could wish the different Legislatures would lodge such discretionary powers in the Breast of the Commanding Offi⟨cer⟩ for providing Quarters—and other matters of private trespass as he, from the nature of the case will be obliged to exercise, whether he is authorized by Law or not.
        In the present case I find it impossible to Quarter the Officers of the Army by the aid of the Majestrate; as they refuse to act in the business, from a belief, that the Laws will not support them, and the Inhabitants cannot be prevailed on to receive the Officers, from an opinion that the Law secures them from having any Officer quartered upon them without their consent unless it is under particular circumstances of troops on their march. Major General Howe, and Major General Arnold, are both, now

without Quarters; neither has it been in my power to procure them any, tho’ there has been great pains taken for the purpose. It remains now for Your Excellency to determine what measures are to be taken, as I don’t think myself at liberty to go any farther in it, without your order and authority, either, as to providing for those Officers, or such others as the current of business may call here, from which we may expect daily applications. I am &c.

          Nathl Greene Q.M.G.


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 21 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

          Dear Sir
          Head Qrs Morris Town Decr 21 1779

        Notwithstanding the long preparations at New York and the strong appearances of a large Detachment’s being made from thence—it seems certain from very recent advices, that no Troops have sailed as yet, and that the Enemy hold themselves in collected force. What their designs really are I have not been able to learn, altho I have taken all the pains in my power to effect it. The Southern States and the West Indies present themselves as the most probable Objects of their attention, and this seems to be the general prevailing opinion; but as their delay

cannot be satisfactorily accounted for, we should guard in the best manner we can against every possible contingency. I would therefore suppose it possible, that the preparations of transports &c. may be a feint, and that the Enemy may have it in contemplation to aim a sudden stroke, either against the Highland posts or against this Army. The latter event appears by far the more probable of the Two. My former Instructions of the 27th of November and the Conventional Signals which have been established and to which they referred were only calculated to produce succour from the Militia, in case of a serious movement of the Enemy in the first instance; but it will be equally necessary, if they should direct their operations against this Army. In this event it may be absolutely essential for You and the Troops under your command, to march & give me support—and in order to [do] this, I wish the Signals, by a previous & immediate arrangement between You & His Excellency Governor Clinton, may be made to answer the purpose of calling out the Militia to garrison the posts during the absence of the Continental Troops. They should not be drawn out for less than Ten or Twelve days, and, if practicable on account of our supplies of flour, it will be adviseable for each Man to bring with him flour for that time—this to be paid for by the public. You will communicate with the Governor on these several points, who I am convinced will do all in his power to promote them. On your hearing of the Enemy’s being in motion towards this Army, in such a way as you can depend upon it—You will make the Signals for calling in the Militia—and hold the Troops of the Garrison in readiness to march at the shortest warning. I am Dr sir with great regard & esteem Yr Most Obedt st

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 21 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

          Dear Sir
          Head Quarters Morris Town 21st Decemr 1779

        Inclosed you have the Copy of a Return which I received the 18th instant from Colo. Putnam, specifying the number of Men, drawn from each Regiment of the line, to compose his Regiment of Infantry, and the quantity of Cloathing furnished to each detachment. Colo. Putnam complains, with justice, of the partiality of the distribution referred to in the Return, as not bearing a due proportion to the quantity delivered to the state Cloathier at West point. The proportion observed then was as follows.
        ¾ the number of Coats—for the number of Men non Commd and privates borne upon the Muster Rolls and intitled to continental Cloathing.
        ¾ the Number of Vests ⅌ do
        ½ the Number of Breeches ⅌ do
        ⅓ the Number of Shirts ⅌ do
        ⅓ the Number of Hose ⅌ do
        792 Blankets to the whole line.
        The above was an equitable dividend of the Stock on hand, and, as the number of Men borne upon the Muster Rolls are

generally more than are present, it was imagined, that most of those for the War, and who had a length of time to serve, would be thereby furnished, at least, with Coats and Vests. By comparing Colo. Putnams return with the foregoing state, you will at once perceive how very far short, the detachments with the Infantry, fall of their proportions of Coats and Waistcoats particularly.
        I have to request you to make enquiry into this matter, and to desire, if any Cloathing is left in the hands of the sub and Regimental Cloathiers, that it may be sent to the Infantry—If there is none—they must account for the manner of disposal of what was delivered to them. The General Order, respecting the distribution, positively enjoined that regard should be had to length of service, wherefore, if the cloathing has been delivered out to those whose times of service were near expiring, to the detriment of the remainder, the commanding Officers of Regiments ought to be answerable.
        I shall be obliged to deliver a supply, from the Store here, to some of the Men who are absolutely in a manner naked, and should there be nothing in the hands of the sub or regimental Cloathiers, I must compleat the whole, out of what is barely sufficient for the Corps which have not yet been served with a single suit. I am with great Regard Dear Sir Your most obt Servt

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to William Livingston, 21 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, William

          Sir
          Head Quarters Morristown 21st Decr 1779.

        Notwithstanding the enemy have been for some time past making demonstration of sending detatchments from New York, they still continue there with their whole collected force. On our part we have lately been obliged to march a considerable body of troops to the Southward, and a part of those which remain are daily leaving us from the expiration of their terms of service. These and many other reasons that must occur to your Excellency will point out the possibility that Sir Henry Clinton may

be induced shortly to undertake an operation in this State, and show the propriety of our using every precaution to defeat his attempts. The best way indeed to prevent his undertaking any thing is to be well prepared to receive him. On this principle, I am to instruct that a plan may be concerted without loss of time to call out the whole militia of the State in the speediest manner, should the event I have mentioned take place. It will also be requisite that they should come provided each man with ten days or a fortnights provisions, to be paid for by the public at the current value. The State of our magazines makes this indispensible, without which the men would be an incumberance rather than an assistance.
        As soon as the necessary arrangements are made, I shall be glad to be informed of them, that I may know what correspondent measures are to be taken on my part. Conventional signals to convey the alarm throughout the State must be one essential part of the plan, and places of rendezvous another.
        Your Excellency I am persuaded will see the necessity of the measure which I have now the honor to propose, and will give it all the support in your power. I have the honor to be with perfect respect and esteem Your Excellency’s most obt servt

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to William Livingston, 21 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, William

          Dear Sir,
          Morris Town Decr 21st 1779

        The situation of our army at this time compared with that of the enemy makes it necessary we should be very much upon

our guard. They have more than double our force collected at New York and we are mouldering away dayly. They have been some time past making a show of embarkation; but whether it is sincere or a mere feint to lull us into security is not easy to tell. But If they really design to make large detachments they must be restrained by their uncertainty of the motions of the French Squadron; and if this or any other obstruction should continue, Sir Henry Clinton may think himself bound to improve the interval in an offensive operation against this army. He cannot justify remaining inactive with a force so superior and so many temptations to action. His enemies already clamour and charge him with want of enterprise. He is not ignorant of the smallness of our numbers and the distress of our magazines. He knows, we have been obliged for want of forage to send the horses of the army to a distance from it—He cannot be insensible of the evils he would bring upon us by dislodging us from our winter quarters—The loss of our huts at this inclement season would be a most serious calamity. This loss would in all probability be accompanied by that of a great part of our baggage and a number of our men by desertions—It is difficult to determine the extent of the evils, if at so critical a juncture, we should experience a failure of provisions which we should have every reason to apprehend. Your Excellency’s discernment makes it useless to enlarge.
        But it is our duty to do all we can to avert the danger. Should the event I have mentioned take place, we shall want the aid of the whole strength of the state. The inclosed official letter is an application for the purpose, which I have thought proper to accompany with this confidential view of our circumstances for your private information. I entreat your Excellency to give my application your support—that the measure re⟨co⟩mmended may be immediately put in a proper train—To me it appears of indispensible importance. I have the honor to be With the greatest respect and most affectionate regard Yr Excellency’s Obedt & humble servant.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Arthur St. Clair, 21 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: St. Clair, Arthur

          Dr Sir
          Head Quarters Morristown 21st Decr 1779

        Since I spoke with you some circumstances have changed the appearance of the two matters we talked over. The article of provision looks more promising, and the hard weather may delay the sialin[g] of the enemy. You will therefore, if agreeable, use the present time for the purpose of your request. I am Dr [Sir] Your obt & hble servt.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 21 December 1779
From: Wayne, Anthony
To: Washington, George

            Light Infantry Camp Second River [N.J.]21st Decr 1779
            Dear General

          Last Saturday a Considerable Number of transports fell down to red hook—& on Sunday Morning about 10. OClock they weighed anchor & fell lower—but whether there were any troops on board, or whether they went farther than the Narrows, the Informant can’t tell as he could not possibly pass to New York on acct of the Ice in by Bergen point.
          he is since gone over & an Other to Staten Island, from whence I expect to hear either to night or tomorrow I am just setting off for Bergen the Rivers are all fast as far as Paulus Hook—if an attempt again[s]t that port should be deemed Practicable—we can’t stir for want of Clothing—but in particular shoe’s—of which article two thirds of our people are totally Destitu[t]e which renders us almost Inca[pa]ble either of Offence or Defence in this Inclement season the Brigade Quarter Master is

now & has been absent some days in order to procure a supply—but I have not heard what Success he has met with, Indeed unless he is fortunate we shan’t be able to move from this ground if Ordered.
          I am sorry to say that our prospect of a sufficient supply of Provisions is but very gloomy which together with our other wants renders the situation of the troops very Irksome.
          however it’s our duty to cast a veil over the worst, & only shew the best side of the picture—and shou’d matters become more Desperate we can at all events feed ourselves. Interim I am your Excellencys most Obt Hume Sert

            Anty Wayne

          Just as I was sending off this I was honored with yours of yesterday—since my Writing last Lieut. Colo. Hay has joined us I understand that, Major Hull & Major Stewar[d] are on their Return—there will then be Wanting one Lieut. Colo. from the Massachusets Line for Colo. Putnams Regt one Lie[u]t. Colo. from the Conne[c]ticut Line for Colo. Meigs—& one field Officer from the Pennsa. Line for the two Companies that were with Febiger.


Title: General Orders, 22 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Morristown Wednesday Decr 22nd 1779.
          Parole Gibralter—  C. Signs Goa. Goree.

        The General Court Martial whereof Majr General Howe is President is to sit tomorrow morning ten ôclock at Norris’s tavern—Lieutt Col. Comt Weissenfels is appointed a member of the Court, vice Colonel Hazen—and Colonel Jackson, vice Colo. Humpton absent on command.


Title: To George Washington from John Beatty, 22 December 1779
From: Beatty, John
To: Washington, George

        Letter not found: from John Beatty, 22 Dec. 1779. GW wrote Beatty on 26 Dec.: “I have received Your Letter of the 22d Instant.”


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel William De Hart, 22 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: De Hart, William

          Sir,
          [Morristown, 22 Dec. 1779]

        You will proceed with the detachment under your command to Paramus—The Objects of it are to cover the communication between this & Kings Ferry—to give protection to the well affected Inhabitants & restrain the others by preventing all kind of intercourse with the Enemy & to obtain the best intelligence of their movements & designs. The many disaffected people in that neighbourhood renders your caution against surprises peculiarly necessary to prevent which you will constantly advance proper Guards & Patroles.
        You are not to permit the passing of Flags or private persons on their own business on any pretence whatever.
        The detestable & pernicious traffic carried on with the Enemy

will demand your greatest vigilance & attention—I intreat you to pursue the most decisive measures to put a stop to it.
        You will be pleased punctually to advise me of every occurrence of importance that comes within your knowledge. Given at Head Quarters the 22d Decemr 1779.

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Nathanael Greene, 22 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

          sir
          Hd qrs [Morristown] Decr 22d 1779

        I have received your Letter of yesterday and am extremely concerned to find that you meet with such difficulties in quartering the Officers whose rank & situation require they should be lodged in the houses in the vicinity of the Army. I regret that the Inhabitants should be unwilling to give shelter to men who have made and are still making every sacrafice in the service of their Country, and that the Magistrates should refuse to give you effectual aid in a matter, to which in my opinion by a liberal & necessary construction of the law their authority is fully competent.
        The dilemma is perplexing. On the one hand, nothing I wish so much as to avoid the least deviation from the line prescribed by the law; on the other, it is impossible the Officers can remain without proper covering. If the Obstacles cannot be removed so as to satisfy the law necessity decides that you must proceed in quartering the Officers yourself in such houses as the good of the service may require, having all possible regard to the circumstances of the Inhabitants, that none may be distressed or incommoded more than is unav⟨oid⟩able. To this I am persuaded your own disposition will induce you to pay the strictest attention. But before you have recourse to this step, you will make one more application to the Magistrates, which you will be pleased to do in writing, and request their answer also in writing. You will expose to them the reasonableness & necessity of their concurrence, and inform them what we shall be compelled to do, if they decline giving their assistance with cordiality &

efficacy. Should they again refuse, you will then have no alternative but to do as I have mentioned. I am Sir with great regard & respect Yr Most Obed. servant

          Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Joseph Reed, 22 December 1779
From: Reed, Joseph
To: Washington, George

          Sir
          [22 Dec. 1779]

        Your Favour of the 16th Instt advising us of the melanch[o]ly State of the Army came to Hand on Sunday Evening, & was early the next Morning laid before the Council. Soon after a Committee of Congress laid before us a Letter on the same Occasion & to the same Import. We did not consider it wise or prudent to spend Time in unavailing Complaints of Misman[a]gement or Neglect but to endeavour to apply a Remedy. For this Purpose we caused Inquiry to be made of the Quantity of Flour in the Town & its Vicinity, & found a greater Supply than at first we expected; the whole amounting to 2500 Barrlls which might be spared, of all which we gave immediate Notice to Congress pointing out the Places where it lay & offering our utmost Aid & Assistance in procuring it, if the Possessors made any Difficulty to part with it. We also find on farther Inquiry that there are some Quantities of Wheat in the Brandywine & other Mills which with Attenti[o]n may be procured for publick Purposes. The Crops in this State are very far from being so plentiful as was believed some Time ago—the Supply of the French Fleet & the Draught of our Flour to Baltimore & Wilmington where the Embargo has not been executed with the same Strictness as in this Port has also very much lessened our natural Stock. Added to this we supply from this State only a greater Number of Rations than the whole of the Continental Army. Those drawn in this Town alone amounting to 9400 & that during the whole of this Summer. This heavy Consumpti[o]n must necessarily exhaust our Resources & prevent our giving that Aid which might otherwise be expected. However your Excelly may be assured that nothing shall be wanting on our Part to give the necessary Relief whatever we may think of the Causes of such a Calamity. The Assembly will meet in a short Time, Taxes are in vigorous Collecti[o]n throughout this State—& if some fatal unforeseen Influence does not blast our Prospects we think a similar Scene will never present itself.
        I am now also to thank your Excelly for your Favour of the 22d November directing the Dismissi[o]n of the Militia & for the favourable Sentiments it contains of a publick as well as personal Nature. Happily the Orders given were not marching

Orders but to hold themselves in Readiness so that all Expence of Provisions & of every other Nature has been saved except the Pay & Bounty of about 200 Men, which latter has been reduced one third—About half of these were kept in Pay for 2 Months at the Request of the Board of War to escort Prisoners to Maryland—so that we have the Pleasure of having avoided putting the States to any Inconvenience or Expence, & yet I flatter myself we should ⟨in⟩ Case of Necessity have furnished as large a Body of Men as would have been required & as good as that Service intitles us to expect. I have the Honour to be with very grea⟨t⟩ Respect & Regard Your Excellys Most Obed. & Very Hbble Servt.


Title: General Orders, 23 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Morristown thursday Decr 23rd 1779.
          Parole Farmington—  C. Signs Falkland. Freehold.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Armand, 23 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Armand (Armand-Charles Tuffin, marquis de La Rouërie)

          Sir,
          [Morristown, 23 Dec. 1779]

        You will proceed with your corps to Monmouth County and take such a station as will best accommodate your men and horses and enable you to communicate with Major Lee for the purposes of mutual security, covering the country and preventing all intercourse between the inhabitants and the enemy. As your corps has been upon very active and severe duty during the campaign, I do not require that your attention to these objects should engage you in any duties inconsistent with its repose; so far as may be requisite to the comfort of your men & the accommodation of your horses Without interfering with these, I am persuaded you will wish to be as useful as you can. You will

immediately open a correspondence with Major Lee. Given at Hd Qrs Morris Town Decr 23d 79.

          P.S. No flags are on any pretence to pass to or from the enemy.


Title: From George Washington to John Beatty, 23 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Beatty, John

          sir
          Head qrs [Morristown] Decr 23. 1779

        Your Letter of this date to Mr Harrison has been laid before me. On account of the very distressed situation of Monsr de Antroche, as represented by You, I have no objection to your permitting him to go to New York on parole to return when called for. If he can effect his absolute exchange for the Officer intitled in regular course, It will be agreable to me.
        With respect to Mr Boudinot’s request for borrowg Captain Pitcairn & Lieutenant Campbell—it might not be any injury to our Officers to lend them—if the State has Others of their rank to replace them—and such borrowings & lendings, if the system of State & Continental prisoners is to be kept up, which however I would wish to see abolished, might facilitate the business of exchanges—But as Our Officers have expressed such uneasiness at state exchanges, by which, prisoners in many instances not a twentieth part so long in captivity as some others have been, have been exchanged—and no arguments, they viewing their former captivity on a large scale of liberality—can convince them of the propriety or justice of limited exchanges or any not conducted on a general Continental footing—I can not consent to Captain pitcairn & Lieut. Campbells being sent. You can explain to Mr Boudinot the difficulties that would attend it. And I should hope that no inconveniencies would result from our not being able to comply with his request—as the Enemy may carry on the Exchanges for the Hessian Officers Mr Boudinot mentions as belonging to the State. possibly the Enemy’s wishes to get favourite Officers may b⟨e⟩ an impediment; but they are not to be indulged as th⟨ey⟩ please. I am sir Yr Most Obed⟨t st⟩

          G: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Clement Biddle, 23 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Biddle, Clement

          Sir
          Head Quarters Morris Town Decr 23d 1779

        I have received your favour of this date, inclosing a Copy of Mr Blanes letter requesting you to furnish him, for the Commissaries department with a quantity of the Indian Corn laid in for the use of your own—Notwithstanding the loss of some horses as you observe may be the consequence of affording him the supply—the present distress of the Army for the want of flour is such, that I cannot hesitate to give you my consent to the measure, & request you to have it effected as soon as possible. I am Sir Yr Mo. Obet servt

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Nathanael Greene, 23 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

          Dr Sir
          Head Quarters Morris Town Decr 23d 1779

        Hearing that you had written to Mr Mitchell yesterday to repair to this place immediately; & convinced that you knew nothing of the letter I had received from him in consequence of my summons some days ago, I now inclose you a copy of it to show how far his absence from Philadelphia may retard the march of the Virginia Troops and affect the business of supplies. You will jud[g]e from this whether it will be necessary to countermand your order to him, for the Public service ought not to suffer in the affair. I am Dr Sr Your Most Obet servant

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 23 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

          Sir
          Head Quarters Morris Town 23d Decemr 1779.

        Inclosed I have the honor to transmit the Copy of a letter which I received last evening from General Wayne who had been to reconnoitre the situation of the Enemy upon Paulus Hook—Should the Fleet, which he mentions to have fallen down to the Hook, proceed to Sea, Your Excellency will receive information of it from Major Lee, who is stationed in Monmouth, and who is directed to advise Congress of every important move of the enemy’s shipping from New York. I have the Honor to be with the greatest Respect Your Excellency’s most obt Servt

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Irvine, 23 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Irvine, William

          Dear Sir
          Head Quarters [Morristown] 23d Decemr 1779.

        The state of the 4th and 11th Regiments of Pennsylvania in respect to Cloathing is represented to me as being so deplorable, that I must request you to endeavour to accomodate them immediately with the ready made Cloathing that came from Philada or at least so much of it as will cover those who are naked—this will make no odds in the end, and I doubt not but the Officers of those Regiments will cheerfully lend their Taylors to assist in making up the Cloathing for the others—There seems an absolute necessity for measures of this kind, as I am informed that every day takes down more or less of the Men. I am &.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Benjamin Lincoln, 23 December 1779
From: Lincoln, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

          My Dear General,
          Charlestown [S.C.] Decr 23d, 1779.

        I write by this opportunity rather from a desire to embrace it, than because I have any particular news to communicate.
        Since my last an exchange of prisoners has taken place, our private soldiers have been all liberated, and but few of our officers remain in the enemy’s hands; among them is Colo. Elbert of the 2d Georgia battalion. The enemy claim a Brigadier for him, he was appointed Brigadier of Militia by a number of the members of the Georgia Assembly, but not by a constitutional house. He is a valuable officer, and his exchange is in every view to be desired.
        Four continental frigates came into port this morning, which is a very great acquisition to our strength, and will, I think, with the other armed vessels here secure our harbor. If the works on the land side were completed, I think, we should be pretty safe. A vessel arrived yesterday with stores from Philadelphia, which is a very timely reinforcement.
        The troops occupy the same posts as when I did myself the honor to write you on the 7th ultimo. We received a

reinforcement the beginning of this month, from Virginia, of about 300 men, commanded by Colo. Heth. We soon expect some militia from North Carolina, and the remainder of the troops from Virginia.
        For the sake of an airing the enemy have posted most of their troops on the several plantations near Savannah. They yet continue very unhealthy. By the last accounts from the Havannah we learn, that the Spaniards are gone against Pensacola, and that the Natchez up the Mississippi, with the other English settlements on that River, are in the hands of the Spaniards, and 900 prisoners. From our latest intelligence General Prevost not only affects to disbelieve these accounts, but it is said at Savannah that the Spaniards have been beaten in two actions, and that all is well in that quarter. Indeed, it appears from his inactivity that he did really believe this account, or that he means to give up the Floridas as lost, for he has not reenforced them unless within a few days past.
        It is very evident that he expects every day a reinforcement himself, for, a few nights since, on information that some Ships were in the offing, lodgings were immediately taken for the officers. This circumstance corroborates some others which show what are their expectations. I am my dear General, with the greatest esteem &c., &c.

          Benjamin Lincoln


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons, 23 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Parsons, Samuel Holden

          Dr Sir
          Hd qrs [Morristown] Decr 23. 1779

        I received Yesterday both Your Letters of that date. The Note Mr Tilghman gave was only intended to authorise Hatfield to meet his Brother once, whom he expressed a desire of seeing and from which occasion he expected he might obtain some interesting intelligence. From the information I have had of the character of this family of people—I am by no means satisfied that they would answer any valuable purposes if they were employed—and therefore I wish it to be declined, at least for the present. If I should be authorised, by my farther inquiries to repose a proper confidence in them, matters of pay and privileges may be then adjusted.
        I am not clear from your Letter, whether Mr Beatty’s Letter has gone to New York or not. If it has and the Articles requested by him of Mr Loring come out—You will send them back, it being my determination to prevent the practice, as far as it can be done in every possible instance. You call Mr Beatty’s Letter, which you inclose a Copy—if it is I wish to know how it came to your hands. I am, Dr sir with great regard Yr Most Obed. st.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons, 23 December 1779
From: Parsons, Samuel Holden
To: Washington, George

          Dear General
          23d Decr 79

        I am inform’d that forty Sail of Transports fell down to the Narrows last Fryday said to be a fleet for England, no Troops

on Board, but Transports with Troops have been faling down every Day since; Genl Clinton’s & Ld Cornwalli⟨s’s⟩ Baggage I am informd (so that I think it cannot be doubted) Are imbarkd—Yesterday a Conversation was had among their Officers on whom the Command would devolve on the Fleet’s Sailing & they agreed Genl Kniphausen would command, Yesterday on firing a Signal Gun it was observd that the Signal was for a Ship of War to fall down, and that Sr Harry Clinton was to take his Passage in the Ship—this Morning a large Fleet fell down to the Hook, the Number I am not yet certain of—by Letters I have containing Information from Long Island & Westchester compard with Information I have obtaind here I am inclind to beleive the Number of Troops to be imployd will not far differ from 10,000 & will be under Two Commands for different Purposes, nearly in the Proportion of 8,000 to 2,000. I am yr Excellency’s Obedt Servt

          Saml H. Parsons


Title: From George Washington to the Board of War, 24 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

          Gentn
          Head qrs Morris Town Decr 24th 1779

        General Arnold, whose trial is now going on, has represented that the Evidence of Colo. Mitchell is so material that he cannot dispense with it—and that without it—his Trial cannot be brought to a conclusion. I had on the application of the General, summoned him to attend, but by a Letter from him of the 17th he has deferred coming till he should receive farther directions, alledging “that the business of his department at present is in such a situation as to render it next to impossible for him to be absent—and that the Virginia Troops could not be furnished with necessaries and means of proceeding on their rout, if he were to come and that the duties of his Department could not be exercised by any Other in the present critical situation.” General Greene to whom I transmitted a Copy of Colo. Mitchells Letter has informed me in answer, “there is no doubt but the public business will receive injury, from calling Colo. Mitchell away at this very critical season.” From this state of facts the Board will see the embarrasments which it is said will arise, either from the attendance or non attendance of Colo. Mitchell—and I beg leave to submit it to them, who are on the spot, and who from this circumstance and their knowledge of the intended movements of the Virginia Troops and other matters which come within the

Quarter Master’s department, can better decide on the validity of his reasons, to direct Col⟨o⟩. Mitchell with respect to the conduct he is to pursue. It is a very desireable Object to get the Trial of General Arnold brought to a conclusion—both public & private justice require it; at the same time, if Colo. Mitchell’s place cannot be supplied by another & his attendance would involve the interesting consequences which he mentions—it would seem of necessity, that the trial must be adjourned, if his personal appearance before the Court is ultimately thought essential. I wish to be honoured with the Board’s Answer as soon as possible upon the subject—and if they deem his attendance impracticable at this time—that they will say when it can be given. The Board will be pleased to communicate their determination to Colo. Mitchell, who at present is in a state of suspense & if he can come on, his arrival here cannot be too early. I have the Honor to be &c. &c.

          Go: Washington

          P.S. By a Letter received in the course of last night from Genl Wayne—the Enemy’s fleet sailed yesterday. I have transmitted a copy of his intelligence to Congress.


Title: To George Washington from Eden Burroughs, 24 December 1779
From: Burroughs, Eden
To: Washington, George

          Much honored sir,
          Hanover, N. Hampshire, Dec. 24, 1779.

        THESE wait on your Excellency, to inform, that while Col. Hazen’s regiment remained at Coos, Lieut. Crowley, an officer of the train, meeting with my son, a young lad, of the age of fourteen years, persuaded him to inlist into his company; with some difficulty I obtained his release from that inlistment: But the young lad having his mind inflamed, by many fair promises and airy encouragements, with unappeasable desires to join the service, afterwards eloped from me, and inlisted under Capt. Lloyd, on the regiment’s return from these parts to head quarters. But finding h[i]s expectations disappointed, he left the army soon after its arrival at head quarters, and is now at home with me. As a sovereign God, has not long since, deprived me of four children, and has left me but two to survive their death; and as this son is a lad, so much under the age, that is commonly deemed necessary to constitute a soldier, fit for the service, and I had ever designed him for a public education; your Excellency will please to indulge my request, that he may be regularly discharged from the service. Though I have the cause of America sincerely at heart, and ever have, and trust I ever shall, exert myself to the utmost of my ability in its behalf; yet your excellency will not wonder, at any degree of reluctance in me, against my son’s engaging in the service, under my present circumstances. Your Excellency will

please to signify your pleasure by the bearer, and due obedience shall be rendered to your commands, with cheerfulness.—With daily prayers, that the God of armies will be your shield and friend, and honor your Excellency as an instrument of complete salvation, and deliverance to the United States of America, I am your Excellency’s Most obedient humble Servant,

          Eden Burroughs.

          P.S. During the time my son was with the army, he never passed muster, nor drew any bounty or clothing.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 24 December 1779
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

          Sir
          Morris Town 24th Decemr 1779.

        I am not well acquainted with the facts represented by Colo. Moylan; but think they may be well founded. I know nothing with respect to Mr Hubbard’s Relations, where they live, or what influence they can have over him: but it is natural to suppose, if his friends live where the Colo. says they do, that they would attempt to influence him to have the Horse remov’d at a distance. Mr Hubbard is a very plain, honest, blunt fellow; and no Man more attentive to the public Interest. I imagine the Horse can be kept at Colchester much cheaper, than at Middletown and the neighbourhood of it, as a great quantity of Hay is provided there; but the position is altogether out of the line of support, and leaves, exposed, the Country, which they were intended to cover. Mr Hubbard says he has no Hay provided in the quarter where Moylan wishes to be posted; but there is not the least doubt of there being a plenty there, and that a sufficiency may be had for the support of the Cavalry.
        With regard to the article of Cash, I have frequently mentioned to Your Excellency our distress on that head, and our prospects are not mending. I wish not to have the Quarter Master gratified further than is perfectly consistent with the good of the service, both in point of Expence, and cover to the Country. On the one hand, care should be taken not to oppress the Staff unnecessarily to gratify the Line; neither should the Staff be supported in any unreasonable opposition to the Line.
        Colo. Biddle thinks the Horse can be furnished at Weathersfield and Middletown, if the Department is supplied with Cash, and not without. I am Your Excellency’s Most Obt Huml. Servt

          Nath. Greene Q.M.G.


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 24 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

          Sir
          Head Quarters Morris town 24th Decemr 1779.

        I do myself the honor of transmitting the Copy of a letter which I received late last evening from General Wayne, from which it appears, that the fleet has sailed from New York. The moment I receive any further particulars of their destination, or the number of Troops on board, I shall forward them.
        Your Excellency will also find inclosed the Copy of a second letter from Mr Champion to Colo. Wadsworth. Every day brings us fresh proofs of the deplorable state of our magazines, and points out the necessity of the most strenuous exertions for our releif on the score of provisions.
        I have been compelled to order a quantity of Indian Corn, belonging to the forage department, to be ground up, to supply the want of Flour. Thus we are obliged to attempt to save the Men at the expence of the Horses. I have the honor to be with the greatest Respect Your Excellency’s most obt Servt

          Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons, 24 December 1779
From: Parsons, Samuel Holden
To: Washington, George

          Dear General
          E[lizabeth] Town [N.J.] 24th Decr 1779

        I am inform’d that the Fleet which had fallen down to the Hook Saild Yesterday at 2 o’Clock P.M. and consisted of near 100 sail under Convoy of 1 Ship of 74 Guns & 1 of 40 Guns & one of 36 Guns bound to Europe, No Troops on Board—The Fleet with Troops are still at the Watering Place ’tis expected this Fleet will fall down to the Hook about the forepart of next Week—The Horse on Staten Island, are to embark to Day—those already embark’d are said to have only fourteen Days Forage on Board, but this I am not certain of.
        The Galley & Sloop Stationd at Decker’s Ferry saild for New York Yesterday Morning at which Time General Skinner set of[f] for New York—Part of Buskirk’s Regiment at Decker’s Ferry are endeavoring to Strengthen that Post, by placing two Rows of Pickets around a Stone House, making loopholes for small Arms

&c. my Informant says it is undoubted that Genl Clinton & Ld Cornwallis are going in the Fleet. I am with the greatest Respect yr Obedt Servt

          Saml H. Parsons


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Woodford, 24 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Woodford, William

          Dr sir
          Head qrs [Morristown] Decr 24. 1779

        Yesterday your Obliging favor of the 20th came to hand. I am exceedingly sorry so many obstacles have occurred to impede the advance of the Troops—and that these in part, from the season, are likely to encrease the distance of your march more than was intended. I have the most implicit confidence that no efforts will be wanting on your part to overcome such as are practicable and to answer the expectations of Congress, however things may turn out in the event.
        I have written to the Cloathier General about the Wais[t]coats and he will put them in motion to day for Trenton, or Philadelphia, should circumstances require it.
        I consider the Virginia Troops now as entirely subject to the arrangements of Congress or the Honourable the Board of War; however I think the forming the Men that are to go with you—into three Battallions as you propose, an eligible plan—and I doubt not but you will do it in such a way with respect to the Officers—as will be most agreable.
        As to the Officers & Men that do not proceed for the Southward, on account of the short duration of the Inlistments of the

latter Congress and the Board will direct the conduct they are to pursue You were certainly right, in my opinion, in advising against their return to the Army, and for the reasons you have assigned, and in addition—their not returning will contribute in some degree to lessen our difficulties on the subject of supplies of provision, which are distressing almost in the extreme. If they become a little worse—they will be quite so—and if they continue even as they now are for any length of time—It will be difficult indeed to keep things going.
        I have transmitted regularly to Congress the intelligence I have received with respect to the embarkation of the Enemy—of which you will have heard—and have only to repeat the assurances of sincere regard & esteem with which I am Dr sir Yr Obligd Hbl. st.

          G.W.

          P.S. His Excellency Governor Jefferson’s orders to Mr Moss have not come to Hd qrs nor are they at the post office.


Title: General Orders, 25 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Morristown saturday Decr 25th 79.
          Parole America—  C. Signs

        All resignations for the future are to be made in the following manner—The officer applying will produce a certificate from the Auditor that there are no accounts in his office unsettled; another from the regimental Pay-Master to the same effect, and another from the officer commanding the regiment—the latter will also express that the state of the regiment does not make the resignation improper at the time—without these no resignations will be accepted.
        In passing thro’ the camp the General observed with pain that there is a shameful waste of forage—the high price of this article and the difficulty of procuring it, if no other reasons existed, ought to induce all possible care and œconomy—The forage masters are therefore strictly enjoined to use every practicable method to prevent the hay being trampled upon, or otherwise unnecessarily wasted—The officers commanding brigades & regiments will see that this is done.
        So soon as the fatigue of hutting is over, each brigade is to have a good parade cleared in front of its huts and is to join in opening proper communications between one brigade and another—No powder is to be used in blowing up the stumps.

          After Orders—
          The Adjutant General having leave of absence, Colonel Williams is appointed to perform the duties of the office until his return; He is to be respected and obeyed accordingly.
          The Commander in Chief takes occasion to thank Colonel Scammell for his indefatigable and useful services hitherto.


Title: From George Washington to William Greene, 25 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, William

          Sir
          Head Quarters Morristown 25th Decr 1779.

        The enemy having asked permission for an unarmed vessel to proceed to New-Port with clothing and necessaries for the prisoners at Rutland, I have granted a pass-port for the same, to proceed from the port of New-York. I thought it necessary to give your Excellency this notice; and that the Quarter Master may have time to make preparation for their transport to Rutland. Two sergeants have also permission to pass from Taunton river to Rutland to superintend the delivery of the articles, and to return again.
        On the 19th I was honored with your Excellencys letter of the 3d. It is certainly right and necessary that troops should be paid with punctuality or as much so as circumstances will admit. I do not however conceive myself authorised to make the appointment your Excellency requests, and shall take occasion to submit the matter to Congress—who it is probable will make some arrangement in consequence, not only to comprehend the present but other cases. I have the honor to be with the greatest regard Your Excellency’s most obt servt

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 25 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

          Sir
          Head Quarters Morristown 25th Decr 1779.

        I have the honor to lay before your Excellency the representation of a certain Elizabeth Burgin late an inhabitant of New-York. From the testimony of different persons, and particularly many of our own officers who have returned from captivity, it would appear, that she has been indefatigable, for the relief of the prisoners, and in measures for facilitating their escape. In consequence of this conduct she incurred the suspicions of the enemy, and was finally compelled to make her escape, under the distressed circumstances which she describes. I could not forbear recommending to consideration a person who has risqued so much, and been so friendly to our officers and privates, especially as to this we must attribute her present situation.
        From the sense I entertained of her services and sufferings, I have ventured to take the liberty of directing the commissary at Philadelphia to furnish her and her children with rations till the pleasure of Congress could be known. Congress will judge of its justice and propriety, and how much she may be intitled to further notice. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect Your Excellency’s most obt servt

          Go: Washington


Title: Enclosure: Elizabeth Burgin to James Caldwell, 19 November 1779
From: Burgin, Elizabeth
To: Caldwell, James

            Elizt. Town [N.J.] November 19 1779

          July 17th being Sent for by generr. Patterson Surspacted For helping the amaricans presiners to mak their acape gorge Hebbuy Coming from your Exelence the Weak before and Cared out Mager van Burah Capt. Crain Lt Lee Who Mad ther acape from the guard on Long Island Gorge Higby Braught a paper to me from your aide Derectted to Col. Md gaw on Long Island he the Sd gorge Higly being taking up and Confined in the provost Guard his Wife told gener. Patteson that he Carad out Two hundred amarican preseners for Me for Witch Reason Known My Self guilty Did hide My Self for two weeaks in New york understanding genr. Patterson had Offerd a bounty of two

Houndred pounds for taking me he Keep a guard five days at my house Leting no body Come in or out thin throu the hal[p] of Frinds got on Long Island and ther Staid five Weeaks Then William Scudder Came to Long Island in wale boat And I Maid My Escape With him wee being Chased by two Boats half way the Sound then got to New Englan and Came to Phaladelphia Then I got a pass of The Bord of War to go to Elizt. Town to try to git My Children from New york Witch I obtained in three or four Weeks but Could not git My Close or Any thing But My Children. When application wais Made by mr John Franckling My Close & Furnture thay Should be Sold And the Money be giving to the Loyles.
          I am now Sir very Desolate without Money without Close or friends to go to I Mean to go to philadelphia Whir god know How I shall Live a Cold winter Coming on For the Throuth of the above your Excellence Can inquir Mager John Stuart or Col. Thomas Thomas I Lived opsied Mr John Franklings and by their desire make this Application if your Excelence pleiasd you Can derect Mr Thomas Fankling in phaladelpia Wheir I Can be found If the gener. thinks proper I should be glad to Drow provisions for My Self and Childrens in Phaladelphia Wheir I Meain to Remain helping our poore preseners Brought Me to Want Whith I don’t Repent.

            Elezebeth Burgin


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Jefferson, 25 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jefferson, Thomas

          Sir
          Head Quarters Morris town 25th Decr 1779

        I had the honor of addressing your Excellency on the 11th inst. I then informed you it was reported that the fleet, which had been some time preparing at New York had sailed the day before. I have since found the account was premature; or, that if any Vessels went out at that time, they were but few. I have now certain information that a fleet of about one hundred sail, under convoy of a 74—a 40 and a ship of 36 Guns left the Hook the day before yesterday—it is said they have no troops on Board, and it is imagined that they are Empty transports and private Vessels bound to Europe—The Fleet with the troops remained yesterday at the watering place and are not expected to sail till the fore part of next Week. As I have had no intelligence which

contradicts that which I communicated to your Excellency in my last, I would recommend a continuation of the precautions which I then pointed out—I have the honor &.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Stephen Moylan, 25 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Moylan, Stephen

          Dear Sir,
          Morris Town Decr 25th 1779

        I have received your two letters of the 15th and 16th of december. I am extremely sorry that the question of quartering the cavalry stands upon so very disagreeable a footing between Mr Hubbard and yourself. But there are reasons which will not suffer me to retract the order contained in mine of the 20th. Though I doubt not the cavalry may be well provided and accomodated at the places you wish; yet I prefer Colchester because large magazines are already formed there and other preparations made. I am told too all your wood where you now are must be brought several miles at an enormous expence; at any rate fresh purchases of forage must be made which in the present exhausted state of the Treasury is scarcely practicable, or if practicable, unadvisable. You will therefore remove to Colchester. I am with the greatest regard Dr Sir, Your most Obedt ser.

          P.S. I wish to receive from You by the earliest opportunity—a Return of the Officers & Men in your Regiment—who belong to the State of Virginia. You will mention the names & rank of the first—The number of the latter will do—in which you will note how many of them are engaged for the War—& to what other periods the rest stand engaged. With respect to the filling up the vacancy for the Majority, as you mention several Captains as competitors, I conclude there is some uncertainty who has the right to succeed. I do not know how the Gentlemen stand in point of seniority; and must theref⟨ore⟩ request you will transmit me a list of the dates of their respective commissions, with a state of whatever other pretensions they may have.
          I cannot account for the irregularity which so frequently happens in the returns of the cavalry; I must insist on their

being made monthly, and can think no motive sufficient for an omission.


Title: From George Washington to Philip Schuyler, 25 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Schuyler, Philip

          My dear Sir,
          Morris-town Decr 25th 79

        Your favor of the 12th Instt came safe to hand & conveyed all that pleasure which is derived from an assurance of mutual friendship—to continue & deserve which shall be my care, & among the sincerest of my wishes.
        Your Recollet has not yet appeared in this quarter—more may be gathered from his appearance, & the manner in which he tells his tale, than from the authority under which he comes, for this may cloath him with very good or very evil designs, according as his Sub-holiness happens to be affected.
        Mrs Washington is not yet arrived at this place, but is at Philada on her way, & expected in a day or two—I am sure it would give her pleasure to make you a visit—certain I am it would add much to mine, but the difficulties under which the Army labour at this moment from the scantiness of our supplies & the near approach in full force of those evils wch we talked of at our last interview will compel me I am perswaded to remain here & endeavour to stem a torrent which seems ready to overwhelm us.
        From present appearances I see not the most distant prospect of makg any establishment at the North end of L—— C—— this Winter—an attempt even to burn the enemy’s vessels at St Johns by surprize or stratagem from the present view of things seems scarcely within the reach of possibility; & yet, not knowing

how to lay aside the idea, I am induced to beg of you (if chance should throw the means of information in your way) to enquire into the strength of the garrison at St Johns, & the Posts on this side—whether forage now is, or in an instant (by adequate exertns) could be put on the communication between Albany & lake Champlain—and whether in case a measure of this kind should suddenly be adopted at a fit season for execution a Number of sleds sufficient for the quick conveyance of 600 Men with sufficient provisions, & forage from Tyconderoga, to carry them to St Johns & back, could be collected in the course of two or three days at Albany without previous measures (which might betray the design) being taken to effect it?
        I shall not apologize for the trouble these enquiries must necessarily give you, because I wish them to be made, as it were, en passant, & am satisfied none can do it so well, or will undertake them more readily than yourself.
        I very sincerely wish ⟨you,⟩ Mrs Schuyler & family the complim⟨ents⟩ of the Season and a return of many happy New Years. In this the Gentlem⟨en⟩ of my family join most cordially with Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt Obliged, & very Affe Hble Servt

          Go: Washington

          P.S. I have recd the Extracts from the Annual Registr of 74. & thank you much for directing them to be sent to me. If Monsr Loriot is candid in his narrative the discovery, or rediscovery is of a most interesting nature—The only matter to be wondered at, if it is a re-discovery, is, that a cement so important & simple and wch must have been in such constant use should ever be lost.
          Will you be so good as to ask Colo. Vansoick what steps he has taken in consequence of my order to prepare a number of Snow Shoes & Mocason’s? & when they will be ready?


Title: General Orders, 26 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Morristown sunday Decr 26th 1779.
          Parole New-Hampshire.  C. Signs Scammell. Exeter.

        General Irvine will take the command of a detachment to relieve General Parsons—for detachment Colonels Humpton and Ogden—Lieutt Colonels Olney and Ford—Majors Christopher Steward and Byles—The detachment to parade at 11 ôclock with two days provisions ready cooked.


Title: From George Washington to John Beatty, 26 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Beatty, John

          sir
          Head qrs [Morristown] Decr 26. 1779

        I have received Your Letter of the 22d Instant, inclosing Three from the British Commissary of prisoners of the 30th of Novr & the 3 & 9 of this month, with a Memorial from a Mr Spillard, an Assistant Commissary.
        It is agreable to me that a flag Vessel should be sent to Rhode Island with Cloathing for the prisoners of War at Rutland—to be conveyed under the care of a German and British Serjeant, as proposed, for the purpose of delivering it. A passport is accordingly inclosed which you will transmit to Mr Loring—and directions will be given to the Quarter Master to provide for the transportation. I shall refer the request for a quarter Master and a Serjeant or two to proceed to philadelphia with a supply of the same Article to Congress and will communicate their decision as soon as it is known. Till this is received—you may

suspend your answer to Mr Loring with respect to this particular subject.
        In regard to the Enemy’s proposal for the exchange of the prisoners at Fort Frederick & Winchester—I should wish to know at any rate, before I could determine the point, how the exchange account of privates stands between us—and what number and who they are that they have in the Sugar House.
        I have no authority to grant the indulgence requested in behalf of Lieut. Cleve.
        As matters are circumstanced—I do not see that any farther notice can be taken of the exchange of Capn Goodale—tho it was a most irregular proceeding.
        I have no objection to Mr Spillard’s going to New York on parole for [ ] days.
        I return you the three Letters from Mr Loring—but request You to furnish me with Copies.
        His Excellency the Governor of Rhode Island will be advised by next post—that permission is granted for a Flag Vessel to proceed to Taunton River with Cloathing to be conveyed under the care of Two Serjeants, for the Prisoners at Rutland. You will inform Mr Loring when the Vessel arrives—it will be necessary for the Master to communicate an account of it by some Inhabitant of the place if there is no Military Officer there, to the Govr of the State. I am sir Your Most Obedt st

          G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 26 December 1779
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

          Dear General
          Robinsons House [N.Y.] Decr 26th 1779

        The cloathing issued to the troops a few days before your Excellencys departure from West Point was by no means adequate to the pressing wants and necessities of the troops in general. Since the season has become more severe; at this Post those who then were and still are destitute suffer excedingly. The men are constantly complaining to their Officers and they to me, and the service injured by such complaints. I wrote Mr Ruggles some time since and desired his immediate attention to the procurement of supplies; and if it was not in his own power to apply to the Clothier General (as directed by your Excellencies instructions) unfortunately Mr Ruggles is gone to Boston; neither do I know precisely when he will return. A large quantity of cloathing is now moving on from the Eastward, I would request that the Clothier General may be directed to stop at Fish Kill such proportion as will in equity fall to the Troops of the Massachusetts Line untill Mr Ruggles returns, unless it should interfere with your Excellencys system of doing equal justice to the whole Army. The books and returns will show what has been delivered and what was wanted; the latter is encreased by the reinlistment of many men who from the short time they had to serve, were not permitted to receive cloathing before. The public service would be much promoted, if these men were to be immediately cloathed on their reinlisting. There has been no muster of the Massachusetts Line since the Officers received their new Commissions from what time are the new promoted Officers to be made up on the Rolls at the insuing one. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect Your Excellencys Most Obedient Servant

          W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Henry Knox, 26 December 1779
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

          Sir,
          Morris Town, 26 Dec. 1779.

        I have the honor to return the letter from Governor Johnson of the State of Maryland to Your Excellency of the 27th October last.
        The proposal of making the companies of artillery from that State one corps would, if complied with, totally derange the system of promotion in the line of artillery, and introduce every bad consequence that can follow the supersceding a great number of Captains of artillery who are senior to Capt. Brown, the oldest Captain from the State of Maryland. And were the precedent fixed in this instance, each State who have two or three companies of artillery would, for the gratification of its officers, use its influence to have separate corps under the command of

the senior officer of the State, at the expence of the destruction of the system of the Continental artillery.
        Captain’s Brown’s and Dorsey’s companies from Maryland, which joined the Army at Valley Forge, have been attached and annexed to Colo. Harrison’s battalion of ten companies from the State of Virginia, which completes that battalion, according to the establishment of twelve companies. The principle of promotion in the artillery is to rise to captains regimentally, and to field officers in the line of the corps. No promotion has yet taken place so as to intermix the officers of the above two companies from Maryland with those from Virginia. The companies from Virginia will soon be so weak as not to have more than sixty or seventy inlisted for the war in the ten companies—whereas those three companies from Maryland, vizt Brown’s, Dorsey’s, and late Gale’s (a Company which joined about three months ago, and whose Captain has died since that period) amount to about two hundred non-commissioned officers and privates, most of whom are for the war.
        From this state of facts perhaps it may appear, that as the ten Virginia companies are so weak it will be necessary to reduce them to eight and to make four companies of the three from Maryland to compose Col. Harrison’s battalion, which will make a promotion to captaincies of Capt. Lieuts Smith and Finley, the officers mentioned in the Governor’s letter; and will be complying with his request and wish, so far as to provide for those two officers, and the making four companies from the State of Maryland; and will entirely prevent the confusion which would attend making a young Captain a Major.
        The inconvenience that would result from this arrangement would be that some of the Captain Lieutenants of the Virginia companies, who are senior to Capt. Lieuts. Smith and Finley, would probably think themselves injured by the promotion of those gentlemen to companies. Perhaps this is an evil which cannot be avoided, considering the political reasons which urge the measure.
        If Your Excellency should approve of this arrangement, which is agreeable to Gen. Smallwoods sentiments, it would perhaps be necessary for a resolve of Congress to incorporate the companies of the State of Maryland into Col. Harrison’s battalion.
        Yesterday I saw Baron Steubens, who informed me that he

should obtain returns of every species of military stores in possession of the soldiers, regimental quarter masters and brigade conductors. Returns are also making out of all issues since the first of March last. By comparing these, Your Excellency will be enabled to see the expenditures for the campaign of the troops under your immediate command. I mentioned the matter to the Baron of taking away all the Ammunition from the men but a certain small quantity. It seemed to be his opinion, that those men who have good cartridge boxes had better keep their ammunition, which would prevent any confusion on that head in case of an alarm, but that the ammunition should be taken from those men who have bad cartridge boxes. I have the honor to be, with the highest respect, Your Excellency’s most obed. servt

          H. Knox.


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Sim Lee, 26 December 1779
From: Lee, Thomas Sim
To: Washington, George

          Sir,
          Annapolis December 26th 1779

        I had the honor to receive your Excellency’s Letter of the 16th Inst. in the Evening of the 24th.
        The important subject of it was instantly Communicated to the General Assembly of this State which happily was then setting and I have the pleasure to assure your Excellency the Resolution of that Honorable Body is to make the most Vigorous Exertions in sending forward every Supply the State is capable of furnishing. The Enclosure is a Copy of the Law passed for the

purpose, which I trust is a clear manifestation of their laudable intentions and which, judging of the disposition of other States from our own, I flatter myself, affords a well grounded hope that the wants of the Army will be speedily satisfied. I have the Honor to be with the most respectful Attachmt Your Excellencys Most Obedient and Most Humble Servant

          Tho. Sim Lee


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Enoch Poor, 26 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Poor, Enoch

          Dr Sir
          Head Quarters Morris Town Decr 26th 1779

        I this day received your favor of the 22d.
        I have granted a Warrant to Lieut. Blake for the Sum you mentioned to be hereafter accounted for by yourself—I sincerely wish you success in the disposal of it.
        I am truely concerned at the present state of your supplies of flour—It is however nothing more than what I was aware of, & I doubt not but you will take every step in your power to reconcile the want as well as possible—you may be assured our situation is much worse, for the Troops here are at half allowance & that of rice only—It really appears hard that this should be the case, when as you observe there is by no means a real scarcity of Grain & I wish the alternative to obtain it may not be by seizure: though I still hope by the activity of our Commissaries, that there may not be occasion for so disagreeable a step. I can only say that every thing in my power has been done to keep the Army supplied. I am with great regard Dr Sir Yr Mo. Obet servt

          G.W.


Title: General Orders, 27 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Morristown Monday—Decr 27th [1779]
          Parole—Hiram—  C. Signs St Johns. Masons.

        Major Reed will join the detachment under General Irvine in place of Major C. Stewart, absent on furlough.


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 27 December 1779
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

          Dear General
          Robinsons House [N.Y.] Decr 27th 1779

        I am this evening honored with your two favors of the 21st Instant. Upon enquiry Some time Since respecting the Beacons, I found that the Guard at the One on Butter Hill and which must Give the Signal to the Others had been taken off before your departure and General McDougall informed me it was done with your Excellencys approbation—this, and the extreme difficulty of keeping Guards on the Heights where the Beacons are erected during the Severe Season, led me to take off the Guards from the Others (which could not be of Service while there was none on butter Hill) untill the Season advanced when the Enemy might be expected to be in motion, this I mention⟨e⟩d to Governor Clinton and this Evening received a Letter from him in which he Observes, “I perfectly agree with you in Sentiment with respect to the Beacons, as it is not probable any movement of the Enemy towards the Highlands in the course of the winter will be so Sudden, but timely notice may be given to assemble the militia. in the Spring we must resume our former Conduct

on this Subject with Such further Regulations as may be Judged necessary.”
        A report is Just brought here that the Enemys Fleet with a Large Detachment of their Army Sailed from New York on Wednesday last, the Day after your Excellencys Letter is dated, but untill I have the most Authentick Intelligence of it or orders to the Contrary, shall Strictly pursue the Injunctions of your Letter—am writing to Governor Clinton and in the morning shall order Guards to the Beacons, and take other necessary measures.
        Governor Clinton in his Letter to me which Came to hand this Day expresses himself as follows “I am exceedingly alarmed at the information I continue to receive respecting the Scarcity of Provisions for the army, I hoped, that the late Soft weather had enabled the Commissaries to have furnished Competent Supplies for your Division, which would have lasted Some time, But as they have not and the Severe Frost will prevent many mills from Grinding, I dread the Consequences; besides from the failure of the Crops last year I fear, without the greatest Œcomomy, we will be reduced to great Difficulties to bring the year about,” the First difficulty I have endeavoured to Guard against (want of water or the Frost) Some Days Since, and by a Circular Letter directed the purchassing Commissarys immediately to remove the wheat from those Mills where there was no prospect of its being Ground to those that were Certain, Governor Clinton having Offered me every aid in his power both at Home and at the approaching Session of the Legislature, I have requested him if any measures can be devised, to ensure the Increase of a Supply of Flour without Injury to the Inhabitants that they may be adopted.
        The Issuing Commissaries are all determined to quit the Service on this first Day of January, Unless their pay is increased, before that Time, I have prevailed on Some of them to Continue Untill I can hear from your Excellency, In case of a general resignation what mode shall I adopt?
        The Staff officers in the Line are applying for their warrants, Shall a List of their names be Sent on or How are they to Obtain them?
        Colo. Putnam having wrote me Some Days Since the Condition of the Light Infantry, on account of Clothing, I have made enquiry of Such officers as I have Seen these informed me

that they had aimed to do equal Justice to the Light Infantry, with the other men of their Regiments in every respect, I some Days Since Issued an order that in all Distribution of money or Clothing equal attention Should be paid to the Light Infantry, I will make further Enquiry, but am persuaded no Clothing is in the Hands of the Regimental Clothiers, as I am Constantly harrassed With Complaints that the men are naked and numbers unfit for D⟨uty⟩ and confined to their Hutts, In the distribution of the Clothing, I am informed that those whose time of Service expires before march were not allowed to receive any, I am this Day inform⟨ed⟩ that there are many men whose time of Service is near expiring who are So naked that they cannot get Home.
        Mr Ruggles the State Clothier is not yet returned from Boston, nor has he any assistant here.
        The late Snow and Severe weather have put a total Stop to the works at Kings ferry, Untill it grows more moderate, Colo. Gouvion informs me that no work can be done exccept on the Bomb proofs & Blockhouses, these are prosecuting, the whole would have been Compleated before this time had not the Season prevented. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect your Excellencys most Obedient Servt

          W. Heath


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 27 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

          Sir
          Head Quarters Morris Town 27th Decemr 1779.

        I last night received a letter, of which the inclosed is a Copy, from General Wayne, informing me that the second division of the Fleet put to sea yesterday. It is generally imagined that the first division, which sailed the 23d consisted of returning Transports and private Vessels bound to Europe.
        I have reason to expect, in the course of a few days, from a confidential correspondent in New York, a more particular account of the number of troops which have gone, by whom commanded and where destined, than any I have yet obtained. The moment I receive that or any other intelligence which I deem material I shall transmit it to Congress. I have the honor to be with great Respect Yr Excellency’s most obt Servt

          Go: Washington

          P.S. Since writing the foregoing I have received a letter from General Parsons who commands a body of troops advanced towards the sound, in which he mentions that a number of southern Refugees are said to be on board the fleet, among them Governor Martin.


Title: To George Washington from Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 27 December 1779
From: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.
To: Washington, George

          Dear Sir
          Lebanon [Conn.] 27th December 1779

        I have duly received Your Excellency’s Letter of the 20th November, and painfully note some of its paragraphs as they respect the interests of the States. The recruiting anew the army is an object of great weight on my mind. Important, however, as I deem it, I have not yet received a word from Congress on the subject of measures to be taken for that purpose.
        Many evil and pernicious practices having been for some time past carried on by some of the people of this State with the Enemy at New-York and on Long-Island, by which the enemy have drawn from us large supplies of provisions and refreshments, to the great detriment of our own support; to prevent as much as possible such wicked and illicit communications in future, measures are taken, and now putting into execution by this State, to watch and intercept all intercourse whatever with the enemy from our shores and borders; without special permission for special purposes. In aid of these measures of Government, if Your Excellency should be pleased to give particular orders to General Poor to lend us his assistance & cooperation, I flatter myself it might have a happy affect. On this ground I beg Your Excellency to send such Instructions to Genl Poor as you may think conducive to the end proposed. I have also thought whether some additional aid might not be afforded from the Light Dragoons posted in this State, by being detached, on particular occasions as they may receive orders from the executive power of this State, they may in some good measure, subserve the design in view.
        I have long imagined that the interests of the union might be much served, and our supplies much augmented, or better secured, by particular attention being paid to the prevention of those surreptitious supplies of provisions which have been clandestinely cast into the lap of our enemies, not only from persons particularly inimical to the States, but from many others in this and the neighbouring States who border on the enemy, from views of private interest, arising from the tempting prospects of gain which have been presented to them, and perhaps instances are not wanting where those temptations have overcome the virtue of those who have been specially employed for particular

purposes of secret service—Will Your Excellency be pleased to turn a thought to the subject, and favor me with your sentiments thereon?
        The mention of the Light Dragoons reminds me of a circumstance relating to that Corps which I have wanted to hint to you—that is, that I fear Your Excellency has not been well informed of the situation of the towns in which these troops are posted, with respect to the magazines of forage which have been provided for the subsistence of their horses. The principal magazine of hay, I am told, is now from 20 to 25 miles distance from the places where the troops are now lodged—which must occasion great expence in the carriage, over roads, which at some times, and especially in the spring, are so bad, that a good team will scarcely carry enough for their own support on the way. Suffer me to suggest to you, that during the winter season, when the River Connecticut is generally well frozen, I should imagine the horses might be lodged near their magazines of forrage, without any prejudice to the general service—especially as there are already large buildings erected by the Quarter Master as Barns and Stables for covering the horses—and I have no doubt the men may be well lodged and accommodated—I only hint this circumstance at a time when there is great need of retrenching our expences as much as possible—and flatter myself Your Excellency may improve it to [s]ome general advantage. Wishing you the compliments of the season I am, with great sincerity of Respect and Esteem Dear Sir Your most Obedient and most humble Servant

          J. T——ll


Title: General Orders, 28 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Morristown tuesday—Decr 28th 79.
          Parole Stern—  C. Signs Maria. Eliza.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Armand, 28 December 1779
From: Armand (Armand-Charles Tuffin, marquis de La Rouërie)
To: Washington, George

          Mon General.
          [c.28 Dec. 1779]

        Le temps de mes Services en amerique Comparé avec Celui de quelques francois, au quel le Congress avoit accordé des promotions de Grade m’avoit engagé a Solliciter l’hyver passé la Commission de brigadier, le Commité que le Congress me fit l’honneur de nommer pour mes affaires, me dit que pour le moment present, il ettoit impossible de m’accorder ma demande, parce que Cela ettoit Contraire a larrangement present de larmée, surtout nayant Servi que deux Campagnes, mais que a la fin de la Campagne prochaine qui maintenant est la Campagne passée Je Serois Honoré de Cette Commission, en Consequence Je fis part a ma famille, a mon seigneur le prince de Condé, et mr le marechal duc de biron de la promesse que J’avois obtenue, Si nullement Je n’ettois pas fait brigadier il paroîteroit certain que par ma Conduite, Jai elloigné de moi non Seulement sa bonne volonté, mais l’espece d’engagement du Congress a mon egard.
        Cependant Je suis Sensible que Cette même promotion ne plairoit pas a nôttre armée, dans Cette idée Seulle, Je Consentirois Si Son Exellence le laissoit a mon choix de m’en aller dans l’armée du sude ou il y a moins de Generaux et d’anciens Colonels que dans Celle Ci, ou dailleur la mort du Comte de pulaski semble m’offrir Cette place avec plus de justice qua d’auttres, par la raison de ressemblence entre nos deux Corps le nombre d’almands et de francois qui Sy trouvent tant dans les officiers

que dans les Soldats, et ma Commission de brigadier accordée pour Cet objet ne pouroit nullement faire valoir les pretentions a Ce meme Grade des francois qui ont Servi ici, Car ils ne se trouveroient pas dans le même Cas que moi de Joindre un Corps levé par eux a un auttre du même Genre. mais avant mon depart Je prie Son Exellence de m’honorer d’unne lettre au Congress ou d’un Certificat, du quel Je lui donne ma parolle d’honneur que Je ne ferai nulle mantion, ni au Congress, ni a l’embassadeur ni même a mes amis que toutes mes affaires ne Soyent finies avec le Congress.
        Si Je restois dans Cette armée ici, Je me trouverois obligé d’abbandonner toutes mes pretentions au rang de brigadier, Car Je Sent moi même quelles Seroient déplacées et peut êttre injurieuses a des officiers dont les Services egallent, et surpassent même les miens, par faits et ancieneté. Je me soumetterois avec plaisir a la loi que le bon ordre et le respect pour des officiers plus anciens que moi me prescript a Cet égard. dans ce cas les themoignages que Son exellance maccorderoit Seroient de la plus grande Necessité a la Sureté de mon Honeur.
        dans les deux Cas Je donne ma parole de ne faire auccun usage, pour obtenir la Commission de brigadier du Certificat ou lêttre dont Je Serois Honoré.
        que Je parte pour georgie ou que Je reste ici, Je Supplie Son exellence de ne pas abbandonner mon Sort, quelle peut rendre ainsi que Celui de ma famille Honneur pour la durée de ma vie. et Jose l’assurer que Je suis et serai toujours, tout prêt a abbandonner toute idée de promotion, ou tout auttre objet qui respectivement a ma persone, et a lidée quelle voudroit bien Concevoir de mon faible merite deplairoient a son exellence.
        l’argent que Jai au bureau de la Guerre me Servira a arreter les deserteur et faire quelques recrues; mais Je Crois que de nouvaux ordres de Son Exellence sur Cet objet Seroient necessaires.
        Jose assurer Son Exellence que les chevaux de mes dragoons ont etté achetés sur mes propres fonds, mappartiennent, et que Ceux que Jai perdu, Sont nullement a ma perte. Je n’en demanderois pas du Continant si largent de papier, navoit pas tombé de valleur, a un si bas degré, et si inégal aux lêttres déchange que Je tire sur france, que dans l’instant present, ma fortune en est un peu dérangée.
        Je supplie Son Exellence de vouloir bien me donner Ses

derniers ordres sur les objets de Cette lettre et de celles que le Cnl Hamilton a eu l’honneur de lui Communiquer les Jours passé; affin que Je puisse Suivre le plan de Conduite necessaire aux affaires du Corps et au grand respect avec le quel jai l’honneur dêttre de son Exellence le tres Humble et tres obeissant Serviteur

          armand


Title: From George Washington to Major Henry Lee, Jr., 28 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Henry Jr.

          Dear Sir
          Head Quarters Morris town 28th Decemr 1779

        I have recd your favr of the 24th by Capt. Rudulph. I should have been glad had it been possible for your Corps and Colonel Armands to have found a position in Monmouth County capable of supplying the Cavalry of both with Hay forage, as it would, in my opinion, have best answered the object which I have principally in view, that of covering the Country and preventing the intercourse with the Enemy. Should that be impracticable, I would propose the following mode of cantonment, the Horse to fall back to Burlington, and the foot of both Corps to remain in advance, taking up their quarters at a distance from the shore far enough to prevent surprize, but still to be able to send patrolls towards those places at which the enemy most commonly land and to which the Country people usually carry their produce. Should this duty be deemed too hard for a constancy, I must then send a temporary command from this Army, and shall station your Infantry and Colo. Armands at Trenton, at which place a guard is called for by the Board of War to preserve the Stores which accumulate there for this Army. You will be pleased to confer with Colo. Armand upon this subject, and let me know the result as soon as possible. You shall then receive a decisive order in the Matter. I am &.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 28 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Wayne, Anthony

          Dear Sir,
          Head Quarters Morris Town Decr 28th 1779

        I have received your favour of the 26th—mentioning the sailing of the second Fleet—General Parsons sends me intelligence by which it appears that this Fleet contained the long talked of Embarkation.
        As there is now hardly any probability that any thing will be attempted here in the course of the Winter it is unnecessary to keep the men under your command any longer in their present disagreeable situation. The sooner therefore they can return to their respective regiments the better—You will detach the Massachusetts Troops to the Highlands and march the rest to this Camp.
        Before the seperation of the Corps, I beg the favor of you to present my warmest thanks to the officers and men and to assure them that I have a high sense of the zeal gallantry and good conduct of the former and of the bravery and fidelity of the latter.
        With pleasure I add to this testimony that your own conduct on every occasion has justified the confidence which induced me to appoint you to the command. I am with great regard Your Mo. Obet servant

          Go: Washington

          P.s. You will be pleased to give Genl Irvine who is at Westfield notice of your departure, that in case it is necessary he may replace Guards heretofore kept by yourself or change the disposition of his own.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Woodford, 28 December 1779
From: Woodford, William
To: Washington, George

          Dear Genl
          Trent Town [N.J.] 28th Decr 1779

        After provideing the necessaries for the Troops at Philadelphia, I came up to put them in motion from this place. The Board of War have determined that they March in three divisions for the conveniency of being accommodated upon the Road. the first division Marched Yesterday, the second will move Tomorrow, & the third on Friday, provided the Weather is not too bad.
        I expect the Whole will get from Philadelphia early in the next week. we are order’d the Rout of Lancaster, York, Frederick Town &c. orders have been sent to the different posts to make the necessary provision for us, but if I am to Judge from the present state of the several departments at Philadelphia, I fear their will be no certainty of being supplied. I see many dificulties in this long March by Land at this Season, but your Excellency may depend upon no time being lost that it is posible to avoid.
        I shall write your Excellency before I leave the city incloseing a return to shew how the Men listed for the different periods have been disposed of. Those who are to return to Camp, are at Maidenhead, where they will remain till the last division leaves this place, when they will proceed to Camp, without they should be Countermanded.
        I am sorry to inform your Excellency that we have had little success in reinlisting the Men, I have order’d the Officers who remain to be furnish’d with Money & to continue their endeavours. I am, with the greatest respect Your Excellencies Most Obedt humble Servt

          Wm Woodford


Title: General Orders, 29 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Morristown Wednesday Decr 29th [1779]
          Parole Indostan  C. Signs Mogul. Delhi—

        It having been represented that the property of the Inhabitants in the vicinity of camp is a prey to the plundering spirit of the soldiery insomuch that they can keep neither poultry, stock nor any other article on their farms—the General most earnestly exhorts the officers to use their utmost exertions to put an effectual stop to a practice not more oppressive to the country, than disreputable to the army, better becoming a band of robbers than disciplined troops called forth in defence of the rights of the Community—He expects and desires the officers will use every method in their powers to convince the soldiery that however disagreeable to him to employ severity, depredations of so pernicious a nature will not escape the most exemplary punishment: To prevent a continuance of these evils the regulations for preserving order in camp and respecting roll calls, are to be most rigidly attended to; In addition to these the officers commanding regiments will appoint commissioned officers to visit the men in their huts at different hours of the night, to report all absentees, who are without fail to be brought to immediate trial and punished as they deserve.
        As the huts are now nearly completed and the officers will have the men more immediately under their eye, the General is persuaded they will exert themselves so effectually that he shall hear no more complaints of so disagreeable a nature.


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Huntington, 29 December 1779
From: Huntington, Samuel
To: Washington, George

          Sir,
          Philadelphia 29th Decr 1779.

        Your Excellency will receive herewith enclos’d two Acts of Congress of the 27th & 28th instant, for regulating the Post Office & discharging all Express riders retain’d in Constant pay at public Expence.
        It is expected this regulation of the Post Office punctually executed will supercede the necessity ⟨of⟩ keeping Express riders in Constant p⟨ay,⟩ & in a great Measure save the Expence of private Expresses, tho’ fro⟨m⟩ Necessity they must some times be employed on particular Occasions. I have the honour to be with perfect respect your Excy’s hble Servt

          Sam. Huntington President


Title: To George Washington from Major Henry Lee, Jr., 29 December 1779
From: Lee, Henry Jr.
To: Washington, George

          sir
          Mon: Courthouse [N.J.] Decbr 29th 79

        Yesterday I informed Congress of the sailing of the second fleet—I now do myself the honor to advise your Excellency, that one hundd sail with horse & foot on board under convoy of five ships of the line & two frigates, left sandy hook on the evening of the 26th Yesterdays storm must have injured them exceedingly, as they had got but a little distance from the coast—It is reported that the General & Admiral are both with this fleet—Col. Armand has reached this post. I have the honor to be with the most perfect respect Your Excellencys most ob. servt

          Henry Lee JunrMa[jo]r com[mandan]t l[igh]t d[ragoons]


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Phillips, 29 December 1779
From: Phillips, William
To: Washington, George

          Sir
          New York Decr 29th 1779

        Major Gardiner of the 16th Regiment of British Infantry was made a prisoners of War sometime since and carried to Boston—He arrived here the day before Yesterday under Your Excellency’s permission, restricted, however, to return unless Exchanged in ten days.
        The Overtures for a Negotiation which the four American Officers have carried out to Your Excellency have necessarily put a local stop to partial Exchanges and it will be impossible to enter immediately on the Subject of Major Gardiner’s Situation.
        I have to request as a personal favour from Your Excellency to me that you will permit Major Gardiner to remain at New York upon his parole untill the return of Colonels Magaw and Mathews, at which time Major Gardiner may, it is to be hoped become part of a General Exchange, but should it be otherwise it will then depend upon the Kings Commander in Chief to Exchange him partially, and should that fail he must return immediately to his Captivity at Boston.
        I will not doubt Your Excellency’s compliance with this my request, and under that description will take the liberty of begging an immediate answer to this letter as Major Gardiner is very uneasy lest he should be suspected of trifling with his parole by remaining here longer than the ten days given him by Your Excellency’s permission. I am, Sir, with great personal Respec⟨t⟩ Your Excellency’s most obed. and most humble Servant.

          W. Phillips


Title: From George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 30 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

          Genn,
          [Morristown] Thursday 30th Decr 1779

        I have the honor to transmit You all the Letters which have been sent or received by me, on the subject of Colo. Mitchells attending the Trial of Major General Arnold. They are all numbered in regular order from No. 1 to 9 Inclusive. When the Court have read them, they will be pleased to return them. I have the honor to be with great respect & esteem gentn Your Most Obt st

          G. Washington


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 30 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

          Sir
          Head Quarters Morristown 30th Decr 1779.

        I have been honored with your Excellency’s dispatch of the 24th inclosing two acts of Congress of the 23d and 24th instant.
        Since the information transmitted Congress of the sailing of a fleet with troops from New-York, I have received accounts which though not as decisive as some I expect, yet I have reason to believe will not fall short of the number detatched. As the intelligence stands, the troops which have sailed, are six British regiments, the grenadiers and light infantry of the army, Rawdons corps, the legion, the Queens Rangers, and the Hessian Grenadiers. These will make about five thousand effectives.
        I should hope before this that circumstances have enabled the march of the Virginia troops from Trenton; as well on account of the importance of the object which called them away, as the relief it would afford to our supplies, but particularly as it regards the forage necessary for the support of the communication, and this army. I have the honor to be with the greatest regard Your Excellencys most obt servt

          Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 31 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Morristown friday—Decr 31st [1779]
          Parole Spain—  C. Signs Madrid. Cadiz.

          In Congress Decr 23rd 1779.
          Resolved—That instead of the subsistence allowed by an Act of Congress of the 18th day of February last to the officers in the department of the Field Commissary of Military stores—the following sums be allowed vizt—to the Field Commissary 400

dollars per month; the Deputy Field Commissary 300—⅌ month; To a Conductor—100—⅌ month, and to a Clerk—100 ⅌ month, and that this increased subsistence commence the 18th of August last and continue ’till the further order of Congress.


Title: From George Washington to the Board of Treasury, 31 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Board of Treasury

          Gentn
          Hd Qr. Morristown 31st Der 1779

        The want of a Pay Master to that detatchment of the army which lays at and near the Highlands is attended with many inconveniences to the troops, and an accumulation of expence to the public, as the officers are obliged to draw for their pay rolls from this part of the army. Should the Board have no person in view, perhaps it might be eligible to place Mr Reed who is at Albany on this station. His continuance there is noways essential as there are but a few troops in that quarter.
        The increased drafts on the military chest for reinlisting and other purposes have nearly exhausted it of money. The greatest part of the army have also pay to receive since the 1st of Sepr. I thought it necessary to mention these circumstances, to the Board that a proper supply may be ordered as soon as possible. I have the honor to be with the greatest regard Genn Yr most.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Nathanael Greene, 31 December 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

          Dear Sir
          Head Quarters Morris Town 31st Decemr 1779.

        I received yours of last Evening respecting the arrangement of the Corps of Artificers. I must depend intirely upon you for the nomination of the Officers, as I am utterly unacquainted with the Merits or pretensions of any of those who have been in service, or who may with propriety be appointed should there be any deficiency of Officers. If you will make out an arrangement specifying the names, ranks, and dates of Commissions I will immediately transmit it to the Board of War who will issue Commissions agreeable to the directions of Congress. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt.