Title: To John Adams from Timothy Pickering, 6 May 1799
From: Pickering, Timothy
To: Adams, John

Sir,
Department of State May 6th 1799.

I gave Mr. King early notice of his appointment to negociate a treaty of amity &  commerce with Russia; which I supposed would be sufficient to induce the Russian minister in London to ask of his government the requisite commission to treat with Mr. King. I have now draughted a set of instructions which may probably arrive in London in time for commencing the negociation. I have the honor to inclose the draught for your consideration and correction. It has been examined by my colleagues and unanimously approved. The treaty of Commerce between Britain & Russia, concluded the 21st of February 1797, to which the draught refers, is also inclosed.
I have desired my colleagues to consider the question of the intended negociation of a commercial treaty with the Porte: and we unanimously concur in the opinion, that for the present it will be advisable to suspend it.
Since Mr. Smith’s appointment to conduct this negociation, the condition of affairs in the Mediterranean has essentially changed. The French have become masters of the Neapolitan dominions; the passage from thence to the Turkish dominions in Europe is easy; the feebleness of the Turkish government is demonstrated by the Chief, Passwan Oglou, maintaining his rebellion against all the efforts of that empire—and by its suffering Buonaparte during so many months to support his conquest in Egypt: Turkey in Europe may very probably be revolutionized. The torpidness of the European Continental powers opposing no effectual barriers for their own territories, will certainly not stop the march of the French to Constantinople.—These considerations, sir, have led to the opinion above expressed; and which we have deemed proper to be submitted to your decision.
Mr. Pollock to whom I frankly described the situation of New–Orleans, & the propriety & expediency of substituting a Consul whose knowledge of that government and whose years and weight of character would ensure a more prompt attention to the interests of the U. States and their citizens—has resigned, with perfect satisfaction in the motives requiring the substitution; seeing also that a vice–consul was appointed, during his long absence, to perform all the ordinary consular duties. Mr. Jones therefore will, agreeably to your approbation, be commissioned.
I have the honor to be / with great respect, / sir, your obt. servant,

Timothy Pickering.


Title: From John Adams to James McHenry, 7 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: McHenry, James

Sir
Quincy May 7th 1799

I have received your favor of the 29th of April and have considered the subject of it with as much attention as will be necessary to agree in general to your principles. Merit however I consider as the only true scale of graduation in the army. Services & rank in the last war or any other war are only to be taken into consideration as presumptive evidence of merit & may at any time be set aside by contrary proof. Services & rank in civil life & in time of peace I think ought not to be forgotten or neglected for they are often of more utility & consequence to the public than military services. The officers I think ought not to be flattered with any positive assurance of rising in succession. The right, authority & duty of government to depart from the line of succession in clear cases of unusual merit, of extraordinary services or uncommon talents, ought always to be asserted & maintained & constantly to be held up to the view of the army.
Inclosed is a letter from Joseph Woodward Esqr recommending Baldwin & Brown to be lieutenants. Another from Josiah Waters solliciting some appointment. Another from Daniel Tillotson solliciting a captaincy of infantry. Another from Gen Brooks recommending Samuel Fowle. Another from Major Lillie. I own I am not able to read such historys without strong emotions. As this however might be intended to be confidential with me I pray you to return it to me
I have the honor to be Sir your most humble sert.


Title: From John Adams to James McHenry, 7 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: McHenry, James

Sir
Quincy May 7th 1799

I return you all the recommendations in your letter of 29 of April & as I am perfectly satisfied with them I concur in your opinion that they may be appointed as soon as you think fit
I am Sir your servant


Title: From John Adams to James McHenry, 8 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: McHenry, James

Sir
Quincy May 8th 1799

Inclosed is a letter from Miles Carey inclosing a certificate from Capt Samuel Eddens. Mr. Cary I suppose wishes to be promoted from a cadet to a lietenant.
yours


Title: From John Adams to Christopher Raymond Perry, 8 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Perry, Christopher Raymond

Sir
Quincy May 8. 1799

Mrs Greenman has come all the Way to this Place to solicit the discharge of her son William Greenman. She is, as I understand a Friend, and against War upon Principle, and says her son has a Rupture that disqualifies him for any severe service. Her Case is so hard, that if you can discharge him, I pray you to do it. I have not that I know of, any legal Authority to interfere. But the Woman is so distressed with conscientious scruples and maternal Grief that I have not been able to resist her importunity. I pretend not to direct his discharge but if you can legally do it, I shall think it, but a proper Indulgence to scrupulous Consciences.
I am Sir, with my / best Wishes for your Sucess, your / very humble Servant

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to Timothy Pickering, 8 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Pickering, Timothy

Sir
Quincy May 8th 1799

I have received in your letter of the 30th April the very handsome apology of Mr. Henry & the letter of chief justice Ellesworth from Hallifax of March 21st.—In several conversations with Judge Elsworth, I mentioned to him Gov. Davie, as one among several, whom I had in contemplation to appoint in the place of Govenor Henry, if he should decline as was apprehended by many. The character of this gentleman for abilities integrity and sound political principles inclined my judgment in his favor, although personally a stranger to me. I am very glad the chief Justice communicated the idea to him, & that he has not rejected it. I pray you to make out his commission, & send it to him, & communicate the intelligence to Mr Murray, as soon as possible. I return you the letters of the Chief justice & Mr. Henry, the latter of which I think you would do well to publish.
I have the honor to be, Sir, your very / humble servant


Title: From John Adams to Benjamin Stoddert, 8 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Stoddert, Benjamin

Sir
Quincy May 8th 1799

The combination of a very few ideas has been sufficient to excite apprehensions that the West India islands would soon become a scene of pyracy. The dissolution of all principles, of morals, government & religion the formed repeal of the ten commandments by which it is become as lawful by which it is become as lawful to covet, steal, kill as it is to profane the sabbath or commit adultery—the proclamation of liberty to the negroes in the West India islands & the policy of one or more nations of Europe to erect predatory powers in the West Indies to be employed against the United States, as the Barbary powers in Europe have long been supported & encouraged, against the small maratime states, have long ago raised suspicions & forebodings, that the most desperate wretches in Europe would be allured to the islands and give direction to the mass of African bones & sinews which is now in liberty and idleness or trained to military discipline.
The bucannering establishment on the key near Matanzas must be broken up. I wish the Secy of State to represent this intelligence to the Spanish minister at Philadelphia & to our minister at Madrid. I am glad the Secy of State intends to write to the Govenor of the Havanna.
I am heartily disposed to concur with you in the most spirited councels & active exertions, which the laws will authorize, to check & to punish this execrable establishment.
I have the honor to be Sir, your / very humble Servant


Title: To John Adams from James McHenry, 9 May 1799
From: McHenry, James
To: Adams, John

Sir.
War Department 9 May 1799.

I have been honoured with your letters of the 19th & 27th, and this morning with that of the 29th of April ulto.
The inclosed list of names to fill up the vacancies in the 16th Regiment of Infantry, and the vacancy of Major in the 12th Regiment is respectfully submitted. The recommendations which governed in forming the list for the former Regiment are also inclosed. With respect to the latter, General Hamilton writes me in a letter dated the 7th inst. “Col Smith recommends as his Major, in the place of Mr. Hutton who has declined Theodosius Fowler Esq. who in the revolutionary war served with reputation as Capn. in the New York line, and who is a man of good political principles, character and property. I beleive he will be as eligible an appointment, as circumstances permit.”
I have the honour to be with the greatest respect / Sir, / your most ob st

James McHenry


Title: To John Adams from James McHenry, 9 May 1799
From: McHenry, James
To: Adams, John

Sir.
War Department 9th May 1799.

Since closing my letter of this date, Col. Ogden has handed me the inclosed recommendation of persons to fill up the vacancies in the Regiment which he commands. The inclosed list founded thereon is respectfully submitted.
I have the honour to be, with the greatest respect, Sir, / your most ob St
James McHenry


Title: From John Adams to Timothy Pickering, 10 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Pickering, Timothy

Sir
Quincy May 10 1799

I return signed the two patents to Christian Febiger & am / Sir &c


Title: To John Adams from Charles Lee, 10 May 1799
From: Lee, Charles
To: Adams, John

Sir
Philadelphia 10 May 1799

The trial of Fries for high treason which was commenced on monday the 6th. instant and which from that period has alone occupied the court was concluded yesterday at 10 oclock at night. The prisoner had the assistance of able counsel Dallas Lewis and Ewing and after a fair & patient trial before an impartial court has by an unexceptionable jury been found guilty.
During the trial of the prisoner I was not present in court, not wishing to hear a part and not having leisure to hear the whole. I am informed that Justice Iredell and Judge Peters concurred in the sentiments which each expressed in a charge to the jury, and that the verdict meets their approbation.
The circuit court of Virginia to which Justice Iredell is necessary is by law to commence its session on the 22d but may be adjourned by the marshall in case of the non attendance of the circuit Justice for four days successively thereafter.
As many witnesses are attending here, and in prosecutions against several persons now in gaol under the charge of high treason, I was this morning informed by Mr. Iredell he should remain here as long as possible consistent with holding the court in Virginia which will permit him to remain here till the 18th. The court in Maryland fails of course.
It will not be practicable to finish the criminal business in so short a period as abovementioned, and consequently I presume a special adjourned court will be held here in the month of the july.
I have the honor to be with perfect respect / sir your most obedient servant

Charles Lee


Title: To John Adams from Benjamin Stoddert, 10 May 1799
From: Stoddert, Benjamin
To: Adams, John

Sir
Navy Department 10 May 1799.

I do myself the honor to enclose the copy of a letter from Mr Sewell—and my answer, to be forwarded, if it meets with your approbation. I have consulted the heads of Departments on this subject, but the opinions are so various, that I could only write give my own to Mr Sewell. Coll. Pickering thinks the convoy ought to be granted.—But there is scarcely a considerable port in Europe, to which convoys are not wanted, & applied for.
I have sometimes thought, that if the French do not very soon give some decisive proof of their desire to conciliate with us; that some of our fast sailing Vessels, might be employed to advantage, during the hurricane season in the West Indies, in a cruise on the coasts of Spain & France—to sweep from about Cape Finisterre to Nantz—and to return with their prizes without remaining long enough to attract the attention of superior force—This would in fact, be giving more real protection to the Trade to Spain, than to convoy at a particular Season, a few Vessels. A convoy to be useful, must be known generally to the merchants, five or six Weeks before it could sail—The French would probably hear of it, before it arrived in Europe,—& might be prepared for it.
I have the honor to be / With the highest respect & / esteem sir Yr most Obed / servt

Ben Stodder


Title: To John Adams from Oliver Wolcott, Jr., 10 May 1799
From: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.
To: Adams, John

Sir
Phila. May 10th. 1799

After a very laboured trial, Fries who led the armed Party at Bethlehem, has been convicted of Treason;—he continued tranquil untill the verdict of the Jury was returned, when and since he has been much affected. His composure during the trial was not owing to stupidity, for though an illiterate man, he is not deficient in sagacity. He confidently expected to be acquitted, and his hopes are supposed to have been founded on the opinion of Mr. Lewiss, who on all occasions since the commencement of the trial, has declared that the Offence did not amount to Treason.—Both of the Judges were decided in their definitions of the Crime and the evidence, was compleat both as to the acts done, and of the intention to prevent the execution of the Law.
It is admitted on all hands; that the trial has been fair and impartial—the Jury was respectable & two of them were persons, upon the bias of whose political sentiments, calculations favourable to the Prisoner were made.—The Jury recd. the charge at about six oClock in the Evening, when the Court adjourned till Ten.—At the time appointed the verdict was returned Guilty.
I am told this morning, of a circumstance which proves that the Jury were governed by humane delicate & honourable sentiments;—when they retired it was agreed that without previous argument among themselves, the opinion of each person should be given by Ballot;—by this trial it was found that the Jury were unanimous.
Thus has ended a trial which has excited the greatest attention, and upon the issue of which the tranquillity of this part of the Country has greatly depended.—Fries said after the trial to Mr. Wood (one of the chief Clerks of my Office, who is also a Clerk of the Prison,) that great men were at the Bottom of this business.—I do not know his meaning—B. Clenshaw of the Ho. of Representatives was certainly an Agitator as of among the Insurgents, but I do not know, nor do I believe that the Insurgents had any general views, other than to defeat the enaction of the Act of Assessment—In general the people are ignorant, strongly prejudiced against the measures of Government—vindictive in their resentments, and I fear incapable of being influenced, except by their fears of punishment.
I have the honour / be with perfect respect / Sir, your obedt & / faithful sert.
Oliv Wolcott


Title: To John Adams from Benjamin Stoddert, 11 May 1799
From: Stoddert, Benjamin
To: Adams, John

Sir,
Navy Department 11 May 1799

I do myself the honor, to enclose a Letter from Mr. Jones, Chairman of the Committee for building a Frigate at Boston, recommending William Wild and Nathaniel Clift for Lieutenants to that Ship; and also a Letter to Mr. Jones, containing Commissions for these Gentlemen, which will require your signature, should you think proper that the Appointments should be made.
I have the honor to be / with great respect & Esteem, / sir, your most obed servant

Ben Stoddert


Title: To John Adams from Oliver Wolcott, Jr., 11 May 1799
From: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.
To: Adams, John

Sir,
Treasury Department, May 11th. 1799.

I have the honour to enclose a Letter from John Faulcon Esqr. one of the Commissioners of valuations for North Carolina.—No person has been recommended as a successor by the Board, but from the information of Judge Iredell & Mr. Steele the Comptroller, I have reason to believe that John Branch, Principal Assessor for Halifax County is well qualified for the Office, and take the liberty to request that the President would be pleased to authorise the enclosed Commission to be filled with his name—
I also enclose a blank Commission for Elijah Barrett, whose appointment the President has already approved.—
I have the honour to be / with perfect deference / Sir, your mo. obedt. servt.

Oliv: Wolcott


Title: From John Adams to James McHenry, 13 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: McHenry, James

Sir
Quincy May 13th 1799

I do myself the honor to inclose to you a letter to me of the 2d, from Mr Ashley Colton, with three certificates, inclosed in it from Gentlemen, whom I know to be of the very best character for probity. I pray you to consider these papers, and do as justice and prudence shall dictate.
I have the honor to be Sir your very humble &c


Title: To John Adams from Samuel Harrison, 13 May 1799
From: Harrison, Samuel
To: Adams, John

Sir
Chittenden County of Rutland Vermont May 13th 1799

After having so often troubled your Excellency with my scribbling I shall not attempt to apologize for this obtrusion on your Excellencys Patience: but will beg leave to explain the requests I have heretofore made which were (I am afraid) in such incoherent terms that I fear your excellency will be hardly able to understand them—In my Letter of the 26th Ulto I did attempt to apologise for my obtruding upon your Excellency’s Patience and therein gave my some reasons why I did put you to any trouble about me but did not fully explain my request of the 2d Ult So that I still fear you may be mistaken in my Ideas—I tried to inform you of my distress and begged for relief from your Excellency (knowing that your dignified station must enable you to bestow so small a pittance as Two Hundred Dollars (which sum would again set me up above board from my distress) upon the Terms I asked For it). I had seen an Act of the National Legislature approved by your Excellency Feby. 25th ’99 Authorizing the President to purchase Timber for a navy or Land whereon such Timber is growing. Therefore Sir I informed you that I had land to sell but I forgot to inform you: (If I rightly recollect) that I had Land covered with Timber which is suitable for a Navy. but I assuredly have (If it does not go for the Taxes I have much timber and could exchange other Land for more Timber’d Land upon which there is Timber growing which would Supply a Large Navy with Masts and Yards Suitable for a First Rate Man of War down to a Fishing Schooner—It is situated it is true not quite so near to navigation as I could wish but it is not impracticable to transport it at present and would be Less so were the Lock navigation which has been begun pursued and Finished One of my requests was a Loan till I could turn myself and Pay it I did then desire it and it is still my wish to obtain it, upon good Timbered or other Landed Security—I likewise tried to inform Your Excellency that I was so debilitated by former services and other Hardships that I could not Work: (But I hate to be Idle) and if I had properly in my hands such as would Turn I could Yet superintend Business For I can still ride about and could oversee others If I had ability to hire a few Years Work untill my Sons get to be capable of working to advantage. Therefore I did desire some place under Government with a Small Stipend for my services which might enable me to live with comfort. for I never expect affluence. The place I desired would be to superintend some works in Getting Masts or Yards for a Navy or Purchasing Timber or Land covered with Timber or in taking care of such Land or Timber or Puchaseing Cattle for Beef, or Grain For flour or Meal for the Use of Workmen employed in some such business Or in some other Service wherin without leaving my Family long at a Time I might still be Useful to myself, my Family, the Community Country, and the Church of Christ and not become as I soon must . Providence does not interfere) a Burden to myself a pest to society and a public charge to the Community—Therefore do Sir be pleased to grant my request or please to relieve my distresses in some such way as you can do it with Honor to yourself and the precepts of that Holy Religion which we both profess which teaches us to do good unto all men but especially the household of Faith—And to do unto others as we would wish they would do unto us—Do dear President Once be pleased to look down from your exalted station for one Moment into my Cottage of obscurity and see how easily you can adminster relief to Indigence, suffering Indigence, not acquired through want of Frugality, Œconomy, or Industry so long as I had strength or ability to be Industrious—Do pray Sir do reflect your benign influence and give me favour in your sight if you could for a moment see my coarse fare my ragged and hungry Children my disconsolate though industrious Wife and my Pale and debilitated Face but one single day you would soon cast your Bread upon the waters that you might find it after many Days you would soon grant the relief which I request and not suffer me to Drag on this Life as I now do
But you Dear Sir have nothing now But my Word for it yet my words are Words of Truth and Soberness although words of Distress—And I cannot help believing although I have not revealed it to any other Person that God will make you the Instrument of relieving me from my distresses in some way or other—For after my Prayers to God Him for his Providence to open some Door for my deliverance—I cannot help having an impulse which says continue your Importunity to the President—He will assuredly help you when he really understands your situation—But you will call me an Enthusiast—I would have come before now Dear Sir and have thrown myself at your Feet but I cannot procure Money for my Exp on a Journey better that I can to pay my Debts and Taxes.—I have but one horse to ride and that so poor by reason of this long and tedious Winter that I could not perform it before it would be too late for the redemption of my Land—Money is so scarce here I cannot hire it provisions grow dear and I have nothing which will fetch Money nor have I had Three Dollars in money since the Tax was collectable my all which is left is chiefly in Land which is sold for the Taxes and will be irredeemable after the twelfth of June But I trust the Lord of hosts will open your Heart to Deliver me and Excuse me. For I acknowledge that I am amazingly Impertinent in thus Importuning a Person who is exalted so far above me. But remember Sir a drowning Man will catch at every thing he can—Therefore dear Sir Although I do beg ten thousand Pardons for my offending importunity and know that in common affairs it would be unjustifiable and unpardonable in me to be thus familiar yet in my present Case I cannot cease importuning untill you do answer and relieve Your Unfortunate and Unworthy Yet / Humble Servant

Saml. Harrison


Title: To John Adams from Benjamin Stoddert, 13 May 1799
From: Stoddert, Benjamin
To: Adams, John

Sir
Navy Department 13: May 1799

The Frigate United States arrived on Friday—The Montezuma Murray, the Herald, Russell, and the Revenue Cutters General Greene, & Scammel, have since come into the Delaware. The copy of Capt Murrays letters which I have the honor to enclose, contains every thing of importance by these Vessels.—Capt. Tingey has sent in a prize, a small Vessel, not yet come up to the City, tho she is, I understand in the River. Every exertion shall be made to get these Vessels to Sea without delay. Having just received accot. of their arrival, I have not time to be more particular.
I have the honor to be /  with the highest respect /  & esteem Sir yr. most /  Obedt. Servt

Ben Stoddert


Title: From John Adams to James McHenry, 14 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: McHenry, James

Sir
Quincy May 14. 1799

I return your List of Appointments for the 16th Regiment and that of Major Theodosius Fowler for the 12th. approved. I inclose also the Recommendations of those officers, recd in yours of May 9th.
John Adams


Title: From John Adams to Timothy Pickering, 14 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Pickering, Timothy

Sir
Quincy May 14. 1799

According to your request in your favour of the 9th. I inclose your Letter to Mr King N. 7 and remain, Sir your most obedient

John Adams


Title: To John Adams from Timothy Pickering, 14 May 1799
From: Pickering, Timothy
To: Adams, John

May 14. 1799.

The inclosed should have been forwarded last Saturday.

T. Pickering


Title: To John Adams from Timothy Pickering, 15 May 1799
From: Pickering, Timothy
To: Adams, John

Sir,
Department of State Philaa. May 15. 1799.

Mr. Liston informs me, that on information recd. by Admiral Sir Hyde Parker, of one of the mutineers and murderers of the officers of the British Frigate Hermione being at Charleston So. Carolina, the Admiral sent thither a vessel on purpose to receive and carry the culprit to the fleet to be tried: but that the district judge had not deemed it proper to deliver him up.
This question has occurred before, respecting the crew of the Hermione, in consequence of some of them being apprehended in New Jersey, where they were tried and acquitted. One only was detained some time longer, on a suggestion or expectation of decisive evidence against him: but it appeared afterwards that this man was not involved in the offence; and at Mr. Liston’s request he was discharged.
The only legal question was, Whether an offence committed on board a public ship of war, on the high seas, was “committed within the jurisdiction” of the party demanding the offender, on a just construction of the 27th article of the treaty. Upon a further consideration of the subject, I am incline to answer in the affirmative. I suppose the offence committed on board the Hermione to have been a most atrocious act of piracy accompanied with murder: that all nations having jurisdiction in this case, if the pirates be found within their dominions, any of them may try & punish them: but wanting the full evidence for that purpose, it would seem reasonable, and essential to the due administration of justice, that the culprits be delivered up to the government of the country to which they belong; all nations being interested in the punishment of such pests to society.—On the point above mentioned about the “jurisdiction,” it may be observed, that besides the general, concurrent jurisdiction held by Great Britain on the high-seas, her officers have and exercise a particular jurisdiction on board of their own ships.—For these reasons, and as the 27th article of the treaty especially requires the delivering up of murderers, I respectfully submit my opinion, that the Judge of the District of South-Carolina should be directed to deliver up the offender in question, on the demand of the British Government, by its Minister.
I have this moment received your favour of the 8th instant, and will make out Governor Davie’s commission. But for the very reason that he is the Governor of North-Carolina, and it is important to that state and to the Union, that such a man should hold the reins of government there, I beg leave to suggest the expediency of not requiring his immediate acceptance of the commission, because it would vacate his office of governor, while it remained uncertain whether he would be ever called to proceed on his mission to France. Perfect silence on the subject, at present, appearing to me most eligible, I further beg leave to ask whether it will not be eligible to suspend the publication of Governor Henry’s letter, until it shall be necessary to make public Governor Davie’s appointment. I with the more confidence present these ideas to your consideration, seeing an adoption of them cannot affect the decision of the French Government upon the overtures which Mr. Murray has been already instructed to make. If its answer should be such as to require, or warrant, the two envoys still at home to cross the Atlantic, then Governor Davie’s appointment would become operative, and he would not be ousted of one important office until he could assume the exercise and receive the compensation of another.—The law of No. Carolina respecting the incompatibility of a state and continental office, is so rigid, that it does not even permit the concurrent exercise of those of the least possible consequence.
With the greatest deference I submit these remarks; and remain / most respectfully, / sir, your obt. servant,
Timothy Pickering


Title: To John Adams from Benjamin Stoddert, 15 May 1799
From: Stoddert, Benjamin
To: Adams, John

Sir,
Navy Department 15 May 1799

I do myself the honor, to enclose a Letter from John C: Jones Esquire on behalf of the Committee at Boston, recommending William Parsons for Surgeon’s Mate to the Boston—Nehemiah Macombe for Sailing Master—Moses Allen for Purser—and Joseph Beale—Henry S Butler Jaazaniah Tucker Clark—Abel Lincoln junior Joseph Cordis & Benjamin Conant for Midshipmen—; and also a Letter to John C. Jones Esquire, covering Comms & warrants for these Gentlemen, which will require your signature, should you think fit, that the appointments should be made.
I have the honor to be, with the greatest / respect, sir, yr most obed. servant

Ben Stoddert


Title: To John Adams from Benjamin Stoddert, 15 May 1799
From: Stoddert, Benjamin
To: Adams, John

Sir
Navy Department 15. May 1799.

In consequence of the permission contained in the letter with which you honored me, of the 27th. Ulto. and expecting that the Constitution will arrive at Boston in a few Days, if she is not already there; I take the liberty to enclose a letter for Nicholson—If it meets with your approbation, it may be forwarded to him.
Barry speaks favorably of Nicholsons conduct, in the West Indies. But as he speaks favorably of none of the other Captains who have been under his command; I cannot place much confidence in his opinion of Nicholson.—
It will expedite the dispatch of the Constitution, to have another Captain appointed to her immediately—She ought to be sent as quickly as possible to the West Indies, to relieve Truxton, who I fear will hardly be able to reconcile his Crew, to remaining in the West Indies, for the Arrival of the Constitution—The time for which the Crew enlisted, being out having already elapsed—at least, the time of a considerable part of the Crew.
The Captain who commands the Constitution, must be old enough in commission, to command all the Vessels in the West Indies—He ought therefore to be Talbot, Sever, Decatur, McNeile or Murray.—I am persuaded that Talbot will do Justice to her, and will support the honor of the Flag—and unless I should in a few Days, know it to be your pleasure, to put another Commander on board of her, I will order Talbot to proceed to Boston—
I do myself the honor to enclose copies of letters from Capt Tingey—and the copy of a letter from General Smith. His intelligence I hope is not well founded. I should have thought more of it, if he had mentioned the name of the Person, from Cape Francois & the time of his departure.—
Philadelphia is becoming disagreeable in consequence of the two or three warm Days; & I fear will soon become dangerous—
I have the honor to be / With the highest respect / & esteem sir Yr. most / Obed. Servt.

Ben Stoddert


Title: From John Adams to James McHenry, 16 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: McHenry, James

Sir
Quincy May 16th 1799—

I have received your Letter of the 7th May and since there appears a difference of opinion concerning the Construction of the Constitution and the Law, and as I see no necessity for an immediate appointment, I am content to suspend it for the present, perhaps till the meeting of the Senate—
I think well of Mr. Williams as a gentleman of Science & Literature, as a good Citizen & brave man But his Military knowledge is new to me—I wish to know if in early life he was one of Paddocks Artilery Company? At present I am much inclined to appoint him, or rather nominate him as Major—and the others as Captains as you have proposed—I am happy in an oppertunity to appoint Mr Izard as well as Mr. Baron. My Sentiments of Lillie you know, and Ragsdele’s recommendations are of the first & best kind—Inclosed are all the papers returned

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to James McHenry, 16 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: McHenry, James

Sir
Quincy May 16th: 1799—

I return the List of Appointments for the Eleventh Regiment Commanded by Colo. Ogden, inclosed in your favr. of the 9th: Approved—
John Adams—


Title: From John Adams to James McHenry, 16 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: McHenry, James

(copied)
Sir
Quincy May 16th. 1799—

I have the honor received your favour of the 10th. and have read the Letter of Brigadier General Macpherson to you of the 3d. and the letters of Mr. Chapman and Mr. Eyerly to him, with great pleasure—
I pray you to present to General Macpherson and the Officers & troops under his Command in the late expedition my thanks for the prudence, Caution, Fortitude & perseverance with which they have conducted this Service, so necessary to their Country, although undoubtedly disagreeable; to an happy & successful conclusion—this you will do in any manner and at any time which you shall judge most proper & convenient—I return you all the Papers as proper to be lodged in your office, and have the honor to be / Your Most Obdt. St.
JA


Title: To John Adams from Joseph Allen, 16 May 1799
From: Allen, Joseph,Paine, Nathaniel
To: Adams, John

Sir.
Worcester May 16. 1799

The bearer hereof, Capt. Thos. Denny, a gentleman of Education and respectable talents, waits on you, for the purpose of informing you, that in consequence of Capt. Chandlers designation, as an Officer in the standing Army—The Worcester Volunteer Cadet Infantry company have elected him to command the same. If you should be pleased to commission him, we have no Doubt from the knowledge we have of Capt. Denny, that he will do credit to the service—Your goodness will pardon the trouble we give you, & rest assured, that we are influenced by no other motive than the public good, in giving our Opinion of the merits of a gentleman, with whom we have been much acquainted. With Sentiments of respect and personal Esteem, we are your Obt. Servts.
Jos. AllenNath Paine


Title: To John Adams from James McHenry, 16 May 1799
From: McHenry, James
To: Adams, John

Sir
War Department 16 May 1799.

It is represented to me, as will appear by the inclosed letters, that Mr. Morgan, who was appointed Major, to the Regiment commanded by Lt. Col. Parker, will not accept of that rank. As Mr. Morgan has not yet signified to me his intention to serve or decline, it would be premature to fill his place until I can learn from himself his determination. I have written to him accordingly, and in the mean while, take the liberty to submit the inclosed recommendations in favour of appointing Mr. Laurence Butler to the Majority, and to request your orders relative thereto in the event of Mr. Morgans non-acceptance.
I have the honour to be with the greatest respect, Sir, / your most ob St

James McHenry


Title: From John Adams to Charles Lee, 17 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Lee, Charles

Sir
Quincy May 17 1799

I thank you for your favour of the 10th. I am told that Mr Lewis is of opinion that Fries Crime amounts not to Treason. Can you give me a minute of his reasons?
I am


Title: From John Adams to Timothy Pickering, 17 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Pickering, Timothy

Sir
Quincy May 17th 1799

I last night received your favor of the 10th: Mr Liston’s note of the 8th was not inclosed as you intended. Mr. Barclay I know & his Exequator will be ready. Mr. Moodie I know not, nor do I know or suspect any objection to him.
I thank you for the account of the tryal of Fries, which if it was attended to by as numerous a concourse of people in Philadelphia, as it would have been in some other parts of the US, must have made a deep impression & lasting & extensive impression on the public mind.
The issue of this investigation has opened a train of very serious contemplations to me, which will require the closest attention of my best understanding, & will prove a severe trial to my heart. The motives de Guerres &c are received
I have the honor to be Sir &c


Title: From John Adams to Oliver Wolcott, Jr., 17 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.

Sir
Quincy May 17. 1799

I return the two Commission, inclosed in yours of the 11th. signed.
The contracted Law of N. Carolina, if followed by all the states, would make short Work with the Fæderal Government. What will be the Result of these Things? Such a Law is enough to dissaffect an whole state and excite a Rebellion against the U.S.
I am sir your most humble &c
John Adams


Title: To John Adams from Anonymous, 17 May 1799
From: Anonymous
To: Adams, John

Sir
Baltimore May 17th. 1799

It is generally consdred in this City that you are a party-man; Which is the most Base and Horrid character a man in Your station of Life possibly can possess. Certain it is that every person has some Bad qualities; and in persons that holds  any office of State are certainly and allways sounded by the citizens of the  states. Some consider you as (and you are most generally Considerd as) more attached to the Brittish who are fully as bad as the French and what an Odious thing is it to me to think that the ruler of my country is a party man. But god grant it may not be so but only true to the  United Sates of Aamerica. I am Sir. the son of and Old Colonel who died in the defence of his contry in the Late war; and an officer in the fifth regiment of Maryland   militia at present. Please publish an answer in the public papers in defence of your the honored state in which you stand
God grant peace & Long Life to you & all good men

I am a friend to all / cizens of the U.S. and good Americans


Title: To John Adams from Anonymous, 17 May 1799
From: Anonymous
To: Adams, John

Sir
Baltimore May 17 1799

I am desired to inform you that thier at present Laws which give you too great power and cause great discontents amongst the citizens of the United states, There is several thousand of the citzens who are ditirmened to have those Laws repealed or undergo the perils of a civil war; to conquer or die;  we have frequent corespondance with those patriots in Northampton whom we are to join as soon as our affairs are properly settled—As to citizen Fries and all that ever were mad prisoners he has not been true alltogether to our party in being taken alive our friends here consist of about 300 able good and Experienced soldiers who are now in the 5th. and 27th. Regiments of Maryland malitia; We have at present in the state of Virginia 50 six pound cannonades, boring; and all together we have an able army;
We are and ever will be the friends of W. G Our / General, George Washington the friend of our contry.


Title: From John Adams to James McHenry, 18 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: McHenry, James

Sir
Quincy May 18th 1799

As we have taken Capt. Chandler & Lieut. Flagg from the volunteer company of cadet Infantry of Worcester in Massachusetts into the regular army, other officers must be appointed: Thomas Denny Capt. Nathan Felton Lieut. Enoch Flagg second lieutenant are recommended to me by the company and others as suitable characters for the officers & I pray you to send their commissions accordingly as soon as possible.
I am &c.


Title: To John Adams from Timothy Pickering, 18 May 1799
From: Pickering, Timothy
To: Adams, John

Sir,
Department of State Philadelphia May 18. 1799.

I have this morning been honored with your letter of the 13th. and will introduce in the 10th article the idea you have been pleased to suggest, in the instructions to Mr. King, to negociate a commercial treaty with Prussia.
A copy of these instructions shall be transmitted to Mr. Adams at Berlin, with the fresh instructions you direct.
Yesterday I received from our Consul at Gibraltar the copy of a letter dated at Algiers the 28th of February to him, mentioning the arrival of the armed vessels intended for that Regency, & of the U. States brig. Sophia. The store ship Hero, laden for Algiers, sprung a leak, and bore away to the West Indies. She arrived at Jamaica. It is very unfortunate, as she was laden with masts & timber to a large amount for Algiers—she was a ship of five or six hundred tons.
The inclosed letter addressed to me I opened of course, & also broke the seal of the letter it covered before I observed it was directed to you.
To the surprize and chagrin of many, Mr. Lewis’s motion for a new trial, in the case of John Fries, has prevailed. I am most respectfully sir / yr. obt. servt.

Timothy Pickering


Title: To John Adams from Timothy Pickering, 18 May 1799
From: Pickering, Timothy
To: Adams, John

Department of State May 18. 1799

The Secretary of State has the honor to inclose the Commission for Governor Davie, for the President’s signature.


Title: To John Adams from Oliver Wolcott, Jr., 18 May 1799
From: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.
To: Adams, John

Sir,
Treasury Department May 18th. 1799.

I have the honour to enclose a Letter from Laurence Muse Esqr. Collector of the District of Tappahannock in Virginia, mentioning the resignation of Peter Kemp, Surveyor & Inspector of the Revenue for the Port of Urbanna in said District.
Peter Kemp & Ralph Wormley Esqrs. recommend Peter Kemp junr. for the vacant offices:—and Mr. Muse the Collector, recommends Mr. Thomas Muse—Both the candidates are presumed to be relations of the Gentlemen now in office.—
I know of no grounds for preferring Mr. Kemp junr. except that he is recommended by Mr. Wormley, a respectable character, whose judgment may be presumed to be impartial. I have the honour to enclose blank commissions, & to be with perfect respect, / Sir, / your mo. obedt. servt.

Oliv: Wolcott


Title: From John Adams to Benjamin Stoddert, 19 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Stoddert, Benjamin

Sir
Quincy May 19th 1799

I thank you for your favor of the 13th & the copies of Murrays letters, with the perusal of which, I have been highly delighted. I pray you that every exertion may be made to get to sea not only the vessels in the Delleware, but the Constitution & the Merrimack which are arrived in Boston Harbor. It will be ruinous to the crews & the reputation of the officers to lie long in port. Those that go to the West Indies should take under their convoys fleets of merchantmen, & the convoys from the West Indies I think should come all the way home
Inclosed is a letter from Jeremiah Obrien which I pray you to consider.
With great esteem &c.


Title: To John Adams from John Hodgkinson, 20 May 1799
From: Hodgkinson, John
To: Adams, John

Sir
Boston May 20th. 1799.—

I have taken the opportunity of your Excellency’s visit to Boston to request the favor of you to honor the Theatre one evening with your presence: Knowing the liberality of your Excellency’s sentiments & flattering myself that my dramatic exertions have all tended to support the government under which I am so happily protected I am the more emboldened to press the request upon your Excellency.—The theatre has been very unsuccessful, & a visit from your Excellency will give it a fashion; it would at the same time give hundreds an opportunity to gratify their wishes to see their beloved President: it would likewise be of very great pecuniary advantage to the Manager, from whose breast a due sense of the obligation would never be erased—If your Excellency will appoint any evening & point out any particular pieces for the performance the manager will do every thing in his power to make the entertainments worthy your attention: It being a matter of great importance to me, I shall anxiously wait your Excellency’s determination, flattering myself you will have the goodness to accede to my request
I have the honor to be / Your Excellncy’s most obliged / & most devoted humble Servant—

Jno. Hodgkinson


Title: From John Adams to Timothy Pickering, 21 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Pickering, Timothy

Sir
Quincy May 21st 1799

Your favor of 15th is received. I have no doubt that an offence, committed on board a public ship of war, on the high seas, is committed within the jurisdiction of the nation, to whom the ship belongs. How far the president of the US. would be justifiable in directing the judge, to deliver up the offender, is not clear. I have no objection to advice and request him to do it.
I am quite of your opinion of the prudence of witholding from the public Mr. Henry’s letter & not insisting on Gov. Davies formal acceptance at present, for the reason you adduce. I think however we ought to be informed that he will accept, when his acceptance shall become indispensible.
I have the honor to be Sir your most obedient


Title: From John Adams to Benjamin Stoddert, 21 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Stoddert, Benjamin

Sir
Quincy May 21st 1799

I last night received yours of the 15th & have read your letter to Capt. Nicholson, inclosed in it which as I acquiesce in it I have sealed and shall send to him to day.—All things considered I think Talbot must be the Captain to succeed in the command of the constitution.
Mr Crawleys letter mentioned in that of Gen. Smiths was not inclosed to me. The commerce with Guadeloupe will be opened by proclamation when privateering shall  be surpressed there, as well as Guadeloupe with St Domingo; but there has been no proposition from Desfourneaux, that I know of, to put an end to privateering
I have the honor to be Sir your most obedient


Title: From John Adams to Timothy Pickering, 22 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Pickering, Timothy

Sir
Quincy May 22d 1799

I have received your favor 14th inclosing Mr Listons note of the 8th. I am ready to grant the usual exequatur to Mr. Barclay and Mr. Moodie as soon as I shall see their commissions. I know not that there has been any precedent of an exequatur given, without a sight of the commission. If there has I pray you to inform me of it. The common course, I believe is for the ambassador to present the consul & the consul to present his commission. My absence from Philadelphia may have occasioned a departure from the usual train. I am not informed whether Mr. Barclay or Mr Moodie have arrived in any port of the continent. Their commissions have not been presented to you I presume because you have not mentioned such a thing. If exequaturs are ever granted upon information of the ambassador without a presentation of the commission, I am willing it should be done in this case. But I presume that instead of the usual recital, that the commission has been seen, it should be recited that information has been given by the ambassador.
I have the honor to be, Sir, your servant.
 I return you Mr. Liston’s note.


Title: To John Adams from William Cunningham, 23 May 1799
From: Cunningham, William
To: Adams, John

Sir
Boston 23th May 1799—

Mrs. Cunningham is very much troubled on account of a certain paper she address’d to you some time ago. She is apprehensive something very tradgical will happen to her, or some of her connections, from the Arm of power in concequence thairof, in the course of the past winter she has had many restless nights on Account of this paper—we had concluded to do our selves the pleasure of waiting on you at your seat which Mrs. Cunningham supposd would ward of the impending blow. the stormy wether to geather with the necessity of my being at home in my buisness at this buisey season prevents the Intended visit.
My Dear Sir, a few lines from you I think will alleviate the distresses of the dear partner of my Joyes & Sorrows and be esteem’d a great favour by your friend & very humble Servt.
Willm. Cunningham
Our regards to your amiable Lady

P.S. on reading the foregoing to Mrs Cunningham she desired me to acquaint you that in her trouble of mind about a week ago she disclosd this buisness to me & that no other person on Earth was in the secret—I pray you to excuse my troubleing you, being fully presuaded a line from you will be a Comfort to my dear Wife. of Concequence much happiness & satisfaction to me. humbly hope you will condesend to Comply with my resquest and the favour will be ever had in remembrance by your friend and Admirer

Willm. Cunningham

Please to direct to me, to be forwarded by the Leominster Mail Stage.


Title: From John Adams to Timothy Pickering, 24 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Pickering, Timothy

Sir
Quincy May 24th 1799

My reverend neigbor and worthy friend Mr. Weld of Braintree has written me a note which I enclose. As Mr. Weld is so good a man and so sound a citizen, tho not very opulent I wish him all the advantages of his invention and pray you to send a patent to me to be signed if you have no special objection against it. To Mr. Welds letter is added a recommendation of Mr. Seth Noble to be a chaplain. This I pray you to give to Mr. McHenry.
I am Sir &c


Title: To John Adams from Samuel Bradford, 24 May 1799
From: Bradford, Samuel
To: Adams, John

Sir
Boston May 24th 1799—

In Obedience to your Request Inclose the Letter of Luc Faurd—an Officer of the French Republic & have taken his Prarole—a Copy of which is forwarded—this Person Solicits Permission to depart for France on the Principle of not serving in any Military Capacity during the Existence of the present Defferences between that Country & the United States—he also requires the same Subsistance which was allowed to Him when a Prisoner in Jamaica—I have this Day addressed a Letter to the Secretary of the Navy on this Subject—& conceive it my Duty to Suggest to the President these Circumstances—
I am, Sir / with Sentiments / of the highest Respt: / Your Obedient Servt:

Saml BradfordMarshal


Title: To John Adams from James McHenry, 24 May 1799
From: McHenry, James
To: Adams, John

Sir.
War Department 24 May 1799

I have the honour respectfully to acknowledge the receipt of your letters of the 7th & 13th, and also by yesterdays mail one of the 14th and three of the 16th Instant.
The inclosed copy of a letter to Mr. Joseph Williams of Springfield will shew the steps I had taken, relative to Mr. Coltons account, and the order given for its final settlement. I have assurances from Mr. Ames that such assistant is no longer necessary.
I could not read Cap. Lillies relation of his military services without being sensibly affected. I return his letter agreeably to your desire, and hope, whatever you may find best to do for him, will set his mind at ease.
Considering as you have, the weight of recommendations to be in favour of Mr. Graves, I have avail’d myself of your suggestion, and informed him that you had been pleased to appoint him Lt. Colonel. I flatter myself Mr Darling will accept of the majority.
It will be necessary that we should establish in the vicinity of this City, a laboratory, and erect a powder house, and warehouses, where we can prepare and store wrought ammunition and store in due order and safety these military articles which are constantly wanted for the army. I prefer a position near this City, on account of œconomy, proximity to this office, and the greater certainly there is of transportation to all points of the union. I expect to have it in my power to procure a piece of ground on reasonable terms either upon the Schuylkil or Delaware well adapted for this purpose, which unless you should direct otherwise I shall cause to be purchased and lose no time in erecting the appropriate buildings.
I have the honour to be with the greatest respect, Sir, / your most ob st.

James McHenry


Title: To John Adams from Benjamin Stoddert, 24 May 1799
From: Stoddert, Benjamin
To: Adams, John

Sir
Navy Depart. 24. May 1799.

I do myself the honor to enclose the copy of a letter from the Consul at the Havanna, to the Secy of State—and the correspondence between Capt Decatur & the Governor of the Havanna.
I have the honor to be / with the highest respect & / esteem Sir Yr. most Obed / Serv.

Ben Stoddert


Title: From John Adams to William Cunningham, 25 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Cunningham, William

Sir
Quincy May 25th 1799

Last night I received your favor of the 23d and I hasten to give you an answer. The paper addressed to me last year which you allude to, has been communicated to no one, and will never give the least uneasiness to the lady who wrote it. She may make herself very tranquil on that subject. We should have been very glad to have received the visit you intended us and am sorry your engagements prevented it. I am with great regard Sir your very humble servant


Title: From John Adams to Timothy Pickering, 25 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Pickering, Timothy

Sir
Quincy May 25th 1799

I received last night your favor of 18th. The misfortune of the hero is much to be regretted. The necessary orders I presume will be dispatched to her at Jamaica but I am not sufficiently informed of her situation to be able to judge what those orders ought to be.
The anonimous letter you inclosed is curious enough. If it is required of me to procure satisfaction for every family ruined by the French, upon pain of assassination, I believe Mr. assassin may do his work.
I am Sir your most humble


Title: From John Adams to Benjamin Stoddert, 25 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Stoddert, Benjamin

Sir
Quincy May 25th 1799

I should be obliged to you if you will give leave to Joseph Beale, a midshipman on board the Herald, to remove to the Boston frigate, & I will thank you for transmitting to him the enclosed letter.
I am &c


Title: To John Adams from James McHenry, 25 May 1799
From: McHenry, James
To: Adams, John

Sir
War Department 25 May 1799

I have been honoured with your letter dated the 18th inst. and have in conformity with your desire transmitted commissions to the several gentlemen therein named: vz. To Ths. Denny A Captains, to Nathan Felton a first Lieutenants and to Enoch Flagg a second Lieutenants.
With the greatest respect, I have the honour to be, Sir, / your most obt. St.
James McHenry


Title: To John Adams from Benjamin Stoddert, 25 May 1799
From: Stoddert, Benjamin
To: Adams, John

Sir
Navy Department 25. May 1799.

I am this Day honored with your two letters of the 19th. Inst. the contents of which shall be strictly attended to.
I have the honor to be / with the highest respect / & esteem sir Yr most / Obed Servt.

Ben Stoddert.


Title: To John Adams from Benjamin Stoddert, 25 May 1799
From: Stoddert, Benjamin
To: Adams, John

Sir,
Navy Department 25th. May 1799

There are seven Captains wanted, and they must be soon called into service.—There are wanted also, a great many Lieutenants, & several Masters & Commandants.
Lieutenant Prebble, originally appointed first Lieutenant of the Constitution, from all the information I can receive of him, ought to have been a Captain from the beginning
Lieutenant Rogers, appointed first Lieutenant of the Constellation, and now commanding the Insurgente, is a brave man, & a good Seaman
Lieutenant Mullowny, of the Frigate United States, has been a Lieutenant ever since the 9 March 1798, and is very strongly recommended by Capt. Barry, as a good Seaman—Every body speaks of him as a brave man
Lieutenant Barron, of the same ship is represented by Barry, and indeed by every Officer in the Navy with whom I have communicated on the subject, as one of the best Officers in the service.
I hope, Sir, you will approve of these Gentlemen to be Captains. I have indeed for the purpose of getting the Montesuma to sea immediately, Murray’s health being impaired by a late attack of the Yellow fever, been obliged to give Mullowny a Captain’s Commission to command her—on the condition however, that if it does not meet with your Approbation, he is to give it up on his return from the Cruise, which will be in two months.
Capt. David Jewett of Connecticut, is very strongly recommended by Mr. Griswold & others to be a Commander in the Navy—He appears to be a man of sense & spirit, & being rich offers his services on principle—There is an 18 gun Vessel building at New London—I think he would be an able Master and Commandant of that Vessel.
Capt. Cyrus Talbott, son of Capt. Talbott, has had experience in the French service, & seems well qualified for a Master & Commandant of a small Vessel, building in Chesapeake Bay—
Barry will want two or three Lieutenants, and some of his Midshipmen are said to be well qualified—and it is good policy to promote the Midshipmen as fast as they deserve it.—
Mr. Banning—Mr. Somers, and Mr. Decatur, son of Capt. Decatur, are represented by Capt. Barry and his Officers, to be young Gentlemen of real merit and well qualified to be Lieutenants.
I will as soon as possible, do myself the honor to lay before you, a longer list of names for Appointment and promotion—The services of these I have mentioned, will be immediately required.
Having no Blank Commns & Warrants on hand, I have taken the Liberty to enclose 30 of each for your signature.
I omitted mentioning Edward Meade, as a Lieutenant a very meritorious man.
I have the honor to be with the greatest Esteem, / Sir, yr most obed serv.

Ben Stoddert


Title: To John Adams from Oliver Wolcott, Jr., 25 May 1799
From: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.
To: Adams, John

					To the President.
					Phila., May 25th, 1799.

				After a very laboured trial, Fries, who led the armed party at Bethlehem, has been convicted of treason. He continued tranquil until the verdict of the jury was returned, when and since, he has been much affected. His composure during the trial was not owing to stupidity, for though an illiterate man, he is not deficient in sagacity. He confidently expected to be acquitted,and his hopes are supposed to have been founded on the opinion of Mr. Lewis, who on all occasions since the commencement of the trial has declared that the offence did not amount to treason. Both of the judges were decided in their definitions of the crime, and the evidence was complete, both as to the acts done and of the intention to prevent the execution of the law. It is admitted on all hands that the trial has been fair and impartial; the jury was respectable, and two of them were persons, upon the bias of whose political sentiments, calculations favourable to the prisoner were made. The jury received the charge at about six o’clock in the evening, when the court adjourned till ten. At the time appointed the verdict was returned—guilty.I am told this morning of a circumstance which proves that the jury were governed by humane, delicate, and honourable sentiments. When they retired, it was agreed that, without previous argument among themselves, the opinion of each person should be given by ballot. By this trial, it was found that the jury were unanimous.Thus has ended a trial which has excited the greatest attention, and upon the issue of which the tranquillity of this part of the country has greatly depended. Fries said, after the trial, to Mr. Wood (one of the chief clerks of my office, who is also a clerk of the prison) that great men were at the bottom of this business. I do not know his meaning. B. McClenachan, of the House of Representatives, was certainly an agitator among the insurgents, but I do not know, nor do I believe that the insurgents had any general views, other than to defeat the execution of the act of assessment. In general, the people are ignorant, strongly prejudiced against the measures of government, vindictive in their resentments, and, I fear, incapable of being influenced except by their fears of punishment.


Title: From John Adams to James McHenry, 26 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: McHenry, James

Sir
Quincy May 26th 1799

I enclose you a letter from Mr Jonathan Allen one of our most federal clergymen & a certificate from the medical society of Vermont in favor of Dr Benjamin Walker as a surgeon. Dr Walkers appearance justifies the recommendation.


Title: From John Adams to James McHenry, 27 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: McHenry, James

Sir
Quincy May 27th 1799

Inclosed are letters from Gen Lincoln Col Rice & Mr. Noble
I am &c

J Adams


Title: From John Adams to Benjamin Stoddert, 27 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Stoddert, Benjamin

Sir
Quincy May 27th. 1799

I have signed the warrants inclosed in your letter of the 15th & sent them to J.C. Jones. His letter to you, I return & suppose you will comply with his request.
I am &c


Title: From John Adams to Benjamin Stoddert, 27 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Stoddert, Benjamin

Sir,
Quincy May 27th 1799

I enclose you some papers from Mr. Bradford Marshall of this district & a letter from some French officers prisoners at Wiscassett. I pray your attention to the subject & I believe it will be adviseable to give them all leave to return to France upon Parol, not to serve against the United States by sea or land
I am &c


Title: From John Adams to Oliver Wolcott, Jr., 27 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.

Sir
Quincy May 27th. 1799

Inclosed is a recommendation of Mr Nathaniel Mayhew of Chilmark to be keeper of the light house on Gay head
I am &c


Title: To John Adams from Thomas Hall, 27 May 1799
From: Hall, Thomas
To: Adams, John

Sir,
May the 27th. 1799. Leghorn

About a month ago, I took the liberty to forward to you, by an American Gentleman of the name of Hays, a translation of a pamphlet, published here in the Italian language; I have not adhered literally to the text, but have taken the licence to make such alterations & additions as are analogous to the present day: I flatter myself, it has, before this, been put into your hands, & conscious that it has not sufficient merit to recommend itself to your notice,—I have sent the original.
With the utmost respect & esteem / I am, Sir, / your most obedt. / & oblig’d Servt.
Thomas HallChaplain to the British Factory at Leghorn


Title: To John Adams from James McHenry, 27 May 1799
From: McHenry, James
To: Adams, John

Sir.
War Department 27 May 1799.

In a letter which I had the honour to write you dated the 22d inst. I submitted the names of Messrs. Tracy and Badger for Lieutenancies in the Regiment commanded by Lt. Colonel Taylor. I received this morning the inclosed letter from the honourable Mr. Tracy, by which it would appear, that one of these gentlemen may answer better for the Provisional army, and that it is doubtful whether the other is the fittest person which can be found. Under these circumstances I request your permission to make such substitutions as may be pointed out by Mr. Tracy and Col. Taylor.
I have the honour to be with the greatest respect, / Your most ob St.
James McHenry


Title: To John Adams from James McHenry, 27 May 1799
From: McHenry, James
To: Adams, John

Sir,
War Department 27t. May 1799—

I enclose the Proceedings of a General Court Martial, held at the City Hall, of the City of New York, by order of Major General Hamilton, for the trial of such persons as should be brought before it, on the 16th. day of April 1799.
At this Court Richard Hunt a Serjeant in a Company of the 2d. Regiment of Artillerists, and Engineers, commanded by Captain Still and stationed at West Point, was tried, on a charge, of deserting from the said Company on or about the 24th. day of February last, he having been before that time, duly enlisted in the service of the United States; and at the time in their service and pay, and that being entrusted by the men of the said Company, with the money for their pay, which money amounted to two hundred dollars and upwards, he the said Richard Hunt in violation of his trust, carried away, contrary to the articles of War in such care made and provided.
To this Charge the Prisoner plead Guilty, and the Court after examining a Witness to his character, found him after mature deliberation Guilty of the same, and more than two thirds of the members thereof having concurred therein did sentence him to suffer death.
The prevalence of desertion, among our troops, makes well placed examples for this crime indispensible to the good of the service. The crime of Richard Hunt is greatly aggravated by a consideration of his rank (being a Serjeant), and the attrocious breach of trust, towards the soldiers of the company. I do not therefore hesitate to say, that he appears to me, to be as proper an object for military execution, as can probably occur.
I also enclose the form of a pardon, and of a Warrant of execution in this case, under the seal of the War Office, one of which to be signed and returned by you, according as you shall determine, to direct the sentence to be carried into execution or otherwise.
I have the Honor to be / Sir /with the greatest respect / your obedient / humble servant

James McHenry


Title: From John Adams to James McHenry, 28 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: McHenry, James

Sir
Quincy May 28th 1799

Mr. Tracy and Mr Swift and the other testimonies in your letter of the 22d are sufficient to justify the list of appointments in the 13th regiment which you have sent me, which list with all the papers I return.


Title: From John Adams to Benjamin Stoddert, 28 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Stoddert, Benjamin

Sir
Quincy May 28th 1799

Inclosed is a letter from Lieut Cordis which I recommend to your consideration


Title: To John Adams from James McHenry, 28 May 1799
From: McHenry, James
To: Adams, John

Sir.
War Department 28 May 1799.

I have the honour to inclose a letter from Lt. Col. Ogden, dated the 24 Inst. and request to know your pleasure respecting the appointment solicited for Wm. J. Anderson of Sussex County, Jersey, in the event of Mr. Samuel Owing Smith declining to accept the office of Lieutenant.
I am sorry to be obliged to mention that the returns from almost every quarter of the army shew that desertion prevails to a ruinous extent. For this the remedies are 1st a greater attention to discipline. 2d Additional care in furnishing supplies due to the soldiery, of such quality, and with such exactness as will leave no real cause of dissatisfaction. 3 The forbearance to inlist foreigners. And lastly, energy in the punishment of offenders.
To promote the first, is the peculiar province of Major General Hamilton & Major General Pinckney in their respective divisions. These officers have been instructed accordingly and I have no doubt will perform their duty. The 2d will continue to receive all the attention from me its importance demands. The failures in the supplies of cloathing that have recently occurred, have originated in causes over which I could have no controul. It is now however, more in my power to guard against such events, in consequence of the act of Congress of the 30 of March 1799, which “makes it lawful for the Secretary of War, to cause to be provided, in each and every year, all clothing, camp utensils and equipage, medicines and hospital stores, necessary for the troops and armies of the United States for the succeding year, and for this purpose to make purchases and enter, or cause to be entered into all necessary contracts or obligations for effecting the same”
In pursuance of this act I have some time since taken measures for an importation of cloth &c for the army for the ensuing year upon terms advantagious, and which involve no risk to the United States, in case of their being lost or captured.
With respect to the 3d. I have  directed Major General Hamilton, to confine the inlistment of foreigners, exclusively to these who have been naturalized, or whose residence in this Country has been anterior to our revolution. It is also an instruction to recruiting officers, that natives of good character, are always to be prefered for soldiers. As to the fourth. It is certain, that when notorious culprits, sentenced to death by a Military Court Martial, are suffered to escape, such examples of impunity cannot fail to have a malignant aspect towards the service. I feel it painful to make an observation of this kind, especially where life is concerned; but a military institution must be worse than useless, it must be pernicious, if a just severity does not uphold and enforce discipline.
I have the honour to be, with the greatest respect, Sir, your most / obedient & hble. St.

James McHenry


Title: To John Adams from Benjamin Stoddert, 28 May 1799
From: Stoddert, Benjamin
To: Adams, John

Sir
Navy Department 28 May 1799

As I have not been honored with an answer to my letter of the 15h. Inst—enclosing one for Nicholson, I have presumed that You did not disapprove of Talbot, for the Command of the Constitution—And have this Day sent orders to him, to proceed to Boston. Nicholson has no reason to complain—He will be employed on shore to as much advantage to himself—and he certainly ought to be grateful, that the affair of the Niger—and his own long and improper delay at Hampton last Fall, have been so easily passed over.—Indeed, if he was not a poor Man, with a large and a respectable Family, I should very much doubt, whether some parts of his conduct with respect to the Niger, ought to be passed over.
McNiele, I have reason to believe will be at Boston, by this Day. I have written to him, that he must sail again on the 10h. of June—And if he has the energy I think he possesses, He will by that Day be ready. The Genl Greene, Perry, did not sail from New port on the 15th as ordered—Nor have I advice that she has yet sailed—There has been shameful inattention with respect to that Ship, but to whom to attribute it, I can not at present Judge. I fear however some fault in the Captain—Men of real merit, always know how to get over difficulties.
I am yet uncertain whether Truxtun has arrived at Hampton—I hope he has not—thõ the News papers say he has.
I have the honor to be / with the highest respect & / esteem sir Yr. most Obed servt.

Ben Stoddert


Title: To John Adams from James McHenry, 29 May 1799
From: McHenry, James
To: Adams, John

Sir.
War Department 29 May 1799

I do myself the honour to lay before you, several letters received by yesterdays mails vz. two of the 3d & 23rd. of March, and one of the 10th. of April. ulto. from Brigadier General Wilkinson; and one of the 9th of May inst. from Major General Pinckney.
The sketches of the coast and Country, and report on the death of Capn. Demlar, alluded to in General Wilkinsons letter, has not been received.
Mr. James Steret is the oldest Lieutenant in the 1st Regiment of Artillerists and Engineers, and succeeds by right of Seniority to the vacancy created by the death of Capn. Demlar. Is it your pleasure that I should consider Lt. Sterret  as the successor?
I have the honour to be with the greatest respect Sir / Your most obdt / & hble. Servt

James McHenry


Title: To John Adams from Timothy Pickering, 29 May 1799
From: Pickering, Timothy
To: Adams, John

Sir,
Department of State Philadelphia May 29. 1799.

The inclosed letter from Doctor Edward Stevens, dated May 3d, the decree of the agency of St. Domingo, dated April 25, and the documents numbered from 1 to 8, were recd. here on the 25th, in my absence from town; together with his interesting private letter of May 6th.
By a vessel arrived here on Sunday (the 26th) I received a duplicate of the Doctor’s letter of May 3d, and verbal information that she sailed from Cape Francois the 11th instant; and the next day met General Maitland in the British ship Camilla, steering in for the Cape.
It is remarkable that Genl. Toussaint should desire the ports of Cape Francois and Port au Prince alone to be opened to our commerce in the first instance; and that our vessels should there receive passports to go to the other ports within Toussaint’s jurisdiction. This is precisely the arrangement formed here with Genl. Maitland; and Dr. Stevens’ remark in the last page of his letter, of May 3d, shows the expediency and necessity of that part of the arrangement which makes equal provision for the British and the American commerce. Without this provision, our commerce with St. Domingo would be exposed to endless vexations, and perhaps must have been finally abandoned, or have been the means of involving us in hostilities with Great Britain.
I trust Genl. Maitland will remove the scruples of the Agent Roume & of Toussaint, relative to the admission of British merchant vessels: for Toussaint having by his convention of last Autumn, with General Maitland, agreed to a suspension of hostilities between St. Domingo and Jamaica, and for a supply of provisions from the latter Island, the admission of British vessels, generally, would be only an extension of a pacific principle already adopted.
I think we may hear from Genl. Maitland & Doctor Stevens in ten Days.
I am with great respect / sir your most obt. servt.
Timothy Pickering


Title: To John Adams from Benjamin Stoddert, 29 May 1799
From: Stoddert, Benjamin
To: Adams, John

Sir
Navy Department 29. May 1799

I have the honor to enclose the copy of a letter Just received from Capt Truxton who has arrived at Hampton, with the Constellation & the Insurgente.
There are now in the West Indies, The Genlr Tingey, the Baltimore Barson—the George Washington, Fletcher the Pickering Preeble the Norfolk, Bainbridge, the Richmond, Speak, and the Eagle, 14 Guns, Campbell—but I am afraid, the George Washington, Fletcher, & the Pickering, Preeble, may return before they receive orders to remain.
Orders were sent by Tingey of the 15 March, but he did not leave Hampton until the 29’ March—And by the Norfolk Bainbridge, the 15 April, for all the Vessels except the Frigates to remain in the West Indies until further orders—But those orders were directed to Barry & Truxton—by their not waiting long enough in the Islands for the arrival of either of these Vessels, the plan of operations for the West Indies, will be somewhat deranged, & I wish our Commerce may not feel the effect. I had calculated with confidence on Truxtons remaining until the return of the Norfolk, as he sent her in, and wrote me by her, he should wait for her return, which he ought to have done—However he has conducted himself in general, so well, that I will not complain—I have sent off the Montezuma, under the command of Maloney to St. Kitts— & I hope the Merrimack Brown, has sailed from Boston—Those Vessels with those which they will find in the Islands, will be abundantly sufficient to keep the Cruisers of Guadeloupe in check, until the arrival of the other Vessels—But I shall not feel easy, until Talbot in the Constitution, is on his way to the Islands. I can see no reason why that should not be by the 15th. of June. McNiele who has energy, I hope may be off by the 10th. June—I have written him to this effect, & expect everything from his activity of Character—I believe it will be best, that he should proceed to Surrinam—The Trade in that Quarter being too much exposed.
It does not appear from what I have seen of the Dispatches from Stevens, that there is much probability that entercourse can be opened with St. Domingo. I do not imagine that we ought to regard private assurances them in direct opposition to Public Acts—It may soon be necessary to pay as much attention to the Cruisers from St. Domingo, as to those from Guadaloupe.
I have the honor to be / with the highest respect & / esteem, sir Yr. most / Obed. Serv.

Ben StoddertI have not yet recd advice of the Genl Greene, Perry, having sailed from Newport—The two Vessels, from Charleston which are to act under his command, must be at or near the Havanna, by this time.


Title: From John Adams to Moses Brown, 30 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Brown, Moses

Sir
Quincy May 30th 1799

As you are under sailing orders for the west Indies & as I have received a petition from several merchants that you may be permitted to take under your convoy certain merchants vessels bound to the West Indies, & there is not time to wait for further orders from the Secy of the Navy; you are hereby permitted to take under your convoy any merchant vessel that may be ready to sail when you shall put to sea.
I am Sir with great esteem / your humble servant


Title: From John Adams to James McHenry, 30 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: McHenry, James

Sir
Quincy May 30th 1799.

I have received your favor of the 24th & have no objections to the proposed laboratory except that government is to be removed next year to Washington which perhaps you had forgotten. If this is no objection in your mind it will not be any in mine.—Inclosed is a note from Col Leonard recommending his nephew Charles Leonard to be an officer in the marine corps. Upon second thoughts I believe, it should go to the Secy of the Navy. I shall send it to him accordingly & instead of it inclose you a letter from William Cobb.


Title: To John Adams from Timothy Pickering, 30 May 1799
From: Pickering, Timothy
To: Adams, John

Sir,
Department of State Philaa. May 30. 1799.

At the moment of closing my letter of yesterday, just before the departure of the mail, I forgot to inclose the two laws of the French Republic referred to in the arret of the Agent of St. Domingo, and General Toussaint’s letter to you. This letter I conceived He should rather have addressed to the department of state, and as it could relate only to the affairs conducted thro’ that department, which it might be material to be immediately acquainted with, I took the liberty to open it.I think it probable that in ten days we may receive the result of the joint negociation of General Maitland & Doctor Stevens, with the Government of St. Domingo. An essential part of it will be the day they shall fix on for the first arrival of vessels in the ports of that Island. This day will cetainly be at as short a distance as possible—because the wants of the Island are pressing—and the merchants impatient to commence the trade. For these reasons I have thought it highly important that the proclamation required by law to be issued by the  President of the United States should be previously prepared, and printed copies made ready to transmit to all the ports in the Union, these to be made public, as nearly as we can calculate, on the same day. I have begun such a proclamation, and if the draught shall appear proper to my colleagues, I shall do myself the honour of forwarding it tomorrrow.This step I hope will meet with your approbation, as it may prevent a delay of twelve or fourteen days, if it should be suspended until the definitive answers of General Maitland & Doctor Stevens shall arrive. I have the honor to inclose some late letters recd. from Mr. King, numbered 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. and one private and confidential dated 16th of March. I also inclose Colo. Humphreys’ letters No. 188. 189. just received.With great respect, I am, / sir, your most obt. servt. Timothy Pickering


Title: To John Adams from Benjamin Stoddert, 30 May 1799
From: Stoddert, Benjamin
To: Adams, John

Sir
Navy Department 30 May 1799.

I am honored with your letter of the 25th Inst.—The Herald sailed on Tuesday last, from New Castle, to cruise on the Coast, until the 10th. of July, when she is to return to Boston—Mr. Beale can then be changed from the Herald to the Boston.
I have the honor to be / With the highest Respect & / Esteem sir Yr. most / Obed Servt.

Ben Stoddert


Title: To John Adams from Benjamin Stoddert, 30 May 1799
From: Stoddert, Benjamin
To: Adams, John

Sir
Navy Depart. 30. May 1799.

It is very possible there may be Lieutenants, Midshipmen, a Master, and some other officers wanted for the Constitution before she sails—which I hope will be by or soon after the 15 June.
As you Sir can better Judge than I can, of proper persons to fill vacancies—and as appointing immediately any officers wanted, will contribute to the dispatch of the Ship; I have taken the liberty to enclose three comns. for Lieutenants and six Warrants for midshipmen, and as many for other warrant officers—filled up, as far as they can be filled without the names of the persons who are to receive them. I have desired Capt. Talbott, to wait upon you with a list of the officers wanted, and with the best information he can obtain of persons qualified to fill the vacancies, and I have also desired him to send me the names of those you may think proper to appoint, with the dates of their appointment, that the record may be made in this office.
I hope some of the midshipmen, deserve to be Lieutenants—it is certainly good policy to promote the Midshipmen, as fast as they merit promotion. Some of those in the Constitution, had experience before they entered into the service. Such a ship ought to have at least 12 midshipmen, & I believe she has but eight. In other parts of the United States Young Gentlemen who have never been at Sea, have been appointed midshipmen—
I have the honor to be / with the highest respect / & esteem sr yr most Obed / sert.

Ben Stoddert


Title: From John Adams to Benjamin Stoddert, 31 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Stoddert, Benjamin

Sir
Quincy May 31st. 1799

I return you the papers inclosed in your letter of the 24th. My knowledge of the Spanish language is not sufficient to give me much confidence that I understand the letters. We must wait for further information
I am &c


Title: From John Adams to Benjamin Stoddert, 31 May 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Stoddert, Benjamin

Sir
Quincy May 31st 1799

Inclosed is a recommendation from Col. Leonard, lately a member of congress of his nephew Charles Leonard to be an officer of marines. The family is among the most antient & respectable. The young gentleman appears promiseing & his education has been good & his fortune handsome. If there is a vacancy I believe he may be made a lieutenant
I am &c


Title: To John Adams from Samuel B. Malcom, 31 May 1799
From: Malcom, Samuel B.
To: Adams, John

Sir
New York May 31st. 1799

Your Letter of the 13th Inst. I have had the honor to receive—
If the returns made of the several Elections throughout the different States are to be considered the criterion of Public sentiment, the dangers and Calamities which have threatened us may, in some measure be deemed as removed—there remains however considerable grounds for apprehension—the many attempts (and some successful ones) that have lately been made by the first and most dangerous Characters in opposition to obtain State interference by placing themselves in the State Legislatures proves unquestionably that a System—has been Contemplated to render the General and Invidual Governments hostile, as the most probable way of overturning and destroying the first whether the Federal Government possesses authority and strength sufficient to Contend against such a plan, I feel myself incapacitated to answer, it is however a Subject of Serious apprehension—
Without any other reason, than a confidence in the “diplomatique skill” of France, I conceive that from that Quarter we have more than ever to dread taking advantage of the present boldness of opposition in this Country, it is much to be feared that a Minister to encourage it may Shortly be dispatched here rather than whom, 50. or 100,000 Men would to me be less dangerous—for although the larger proportion of this Country are unequivocally federal, still a large proportion of that number regardless or ignorant of their true Interests and Safety, of National honor and Character would tacitly rejoice and cooperate in the delusive offer of Negotiation and beleive that a French Minister crossing the Atlantic would Come in all the plenitude of Sincerity and friendship—
We are this day in expectation of hearing advices from Boston which we are informed are friendly to the Cause of Humanity and Government—The Arch Duke it is Said has Succeeded in Repulsing the Republican General Jourdan—we are impatient for a Confirmation of what we deem so important—
With my most Respectful compliments to your Lady and Prayers for her recovery I remain Sir / your obliged & obt servt

Saml: B Malcom


Title: To John Adams from James McHenry, 1 June 1799
From: McHenry, James
To: Adams, John

Sir,
War Department 1st. June. 1799—

I enclose the proceedings of a General Court Martial, held at the Natches July the 21st. and by adjournments to the 29th, 1798, by order of Captain Isaac Guion commanding, for the trial of Ensign Daniel Fero, and others.
The Sentence of this Court, upon Ensign Fero being a commissioned officer, extends to his dismission from the service, and therefore requires your directions, whether the same, shall be carried into execution or otherwise, as you shall judge proper.
The Court appears upon the face of the proceedings, to have been constituted by the sole authority of a Captain Commandant, but it may be presumed, that he had an authority, delegated to him for the purpose, as the Proceedings were transmitted to me, thro’ the medium of General Wilkinson.
When the Court met, and prior to the swearing of the Members, Ensign Fero, was asked, if he had objections, to any or either of the members of the Court, whereupon, he objected to, or challenged the President, and two members, which occasioned a Note from the acting Judge Advocate, to the Commandant, informing him of the challenges made, and requiring his decision respecting them, to which note the Commandant, answered that the Court had been formed at the instance of Ensign Fero, and as there were not officers to form another, without material injury to the service, and liable then to like arbitrary evasion of trial by Challenge, that unless he offers reasons, such as shall be considered valid, for his objections to the present members, the Court will be directed to proceed.
Ensign Fero offered the reasons for his challenges, which not being considered valid by the commanding officer, the Judge Advocate was directed, to read the charges exhibited to the Court, against him, to the Ensign, and to require his Plea; which being done Ensign Fero refused to plead, and stood mute.
A Note in consequence was addressed by the Judge Advocate, to the Commandant, advising that the Court having recieved Ensign Feros objections to three members of the court ordered for his trial, and the opinion and directions of the Commandant thereon; the Court was regularly sworn, and the charges against him read to Ensign Fero; to all of which he refused to plead, but stood mute; and that the Court were desirous to know, whether under circumstances they should proceed.
In answer to this note, the Commandant directed the Court, to proceed to the examination of Witnesses, on the part of the prosecution as usual in presence of the Prisoner, and to proceed against him in the customary forms, but to admit of no testimony or defence on his part, on account of his refusing to plead, and standing mute, which was a wavier of those privileges.
It is proper to observe here, that it has been a practice in our military courts, for some years, to refer all intermediate questions, to the General or Officer, who ordered the Court, for decision.
That in England, by the Statute 33d. Henry VIIIth. a Prisoner who stood mute of malice, and he was considered to do so, who refused to put himself upon his trial, was to have the judgment of peine forte et dure, or strong and hard punishment. That since the Statute of 12th. George III. c. 20. Persons standing mute upon their arraignment, for felony or piracy, and not directly answering to such felony or piracy, shall be convicted thereof, and the conviction have all the same consequences, in every respect, as if such persons had been convicted by verdict, or confession, or such felony or piracy, and judgment had been thereupon awarded.
That in the United States, altho’ there may be some difference in the courts of the different State’s, or the laws, respecting the manner of proceeding against a person criminally charged, and standing mute of malice, yet it is believed, that all the States, have provided for the punishment of such Persons, and that they are not permitted to shelter themselves, by their own contumacy.
The Court proceeded to hear evidence to substantiate the charges against Ensign Fero, and after a lengthy examination of them; found him guilty, of five, out six charges exhibitted against him and Sentenced him to be dismissed the Service of the United States.
If irregularities or improprieties, are exhibitted, upon the face of the Proceedings of the Court, which in your judgment ought to preclude acting upon the Sentence presented, It yet appears to me that from the testimony of Witnesses, entitled to credit, sufficient proof is shewn, of insubordinate, and ungentlemanly conduct in Ensign Fero, that yielding to his contumacy, in refusing to plead, would have pernicious effects, and that under all circumstances, the President in virtue of his plenary powers, should forthwith dismiss this Officer the service.
I am Sir / with the greatest respect / your most obedient / humble servant

James McHenry


Title: To John Adams from Timothy Pickering, 1 June 1799
From: Pickering, Timothy
To: Adams, John

Sir
Department of State Philaa. June 1. 1799.

Yesterday I received the inclosed letter from General Toussaint, which for the reason suggested in my last, I thought you would approve of my opening. It is of an old date, and only expressive of his impatience to have the intercourse with St. Domingo renewed.
I have the honor to be / with great respect / Sir, your most obt. servt.

Timothy Pickering


Title: To John Adams from Oliver Wolcott, Jr., 1 June 1799
From: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.
To: Adams, John

Sir
Treasury Department. June 1st. 1799

I have the honour to transmit a copy of a Letter which I have written to several of the collectors of the Revenue, on the subject of a temporary provision for the relief of sick and disabled seamen.—
It is found that by a Law of the last session, the Hospitals for the Army & Navy are to be established under the immediate superintendance of the Physician-General. The Secretary of War, will, therefore, I presume, submit the arrangement which may be meditated, for the approbation of the President.—
To prevent too great a division of the fund, I have deemed it right to confine the expenditure to the following places,
Savannah in Georgia,—
Charleston in South Carolina,—
Wilmington,
Newbern and
Edenton  } in North Carolina,—
Norfolk in Virginia,
Baltimore in Maryland,—
Philadelphia in Pennsylvania,
New York in New York,—
New London in Connecticut,—
New Port in Rhode Island,
Boston in Massachusetts,—
Portland in Maine,—
The arrangement is temporary, & if the President shall think proper to direct that any additional places shall be designated, I shall punctually pursue the orders I may receive.—
I have written to Genl. Lincoln, & pointed out Castle Island, as a place which has been deemed suitable for the Hospital in Massachusetts:— &, in consequence of a Letter from Doct. Thomas Welsh, in which he referred to a communication with the President, have represented him as a proper character to be Physician of that Hospital.—
The Collection Law passed during the last session directs “that the Cutters & Boats employed in the service of the Revenue shall be distinguished from other Vessells by an Ensign & Pendant, with such marks thereon as shall be prescribed by the President.” I submit the enclosed description, which has been furnished by Capt. Price, to the President’s consideration, & with his approbation will take measures for having it established.—
The same act authorizes the appointment of a Surveyor to reside at Beacon or Shell-castle Island, near Ocracock Inlet in North Carolina. The situation is important to the Revenue, as it commands the whole trade of Albemarle sound— but Shell-castle island being nearly uninhabited, & Beacon island wholly so, and a place proposed as a military station, it appears to be advisable that the office of Surveyor be given to the commanding military officer.— Capt. James Taylor is well recommended by Mr. Steele & Mr Grove and I take the liberty to request that he may be appointed; for which purpose, if it please the President, I enclose two blank commissions, one as Surveyor, & the other as Inspector.
I have the honour to be / with perfect deference / Sir, / your mo. obedt. servt.

Oliv: Wolcott


Title: From John Adams to Benjamin Stoddert, 2 June 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Stoddert, Benjamin

Sir,
Quincy June 2d 1799

I received last night yours of the 28th. On the 21st I wrote you approving of Talbot to command the Constitution, and shall think the days and hours long, till he arrives in Boston, where he will be liked. I depend much on him for the dispatch of the ship. McNeil will loose no time in obeying your orders. It has been difficult for Perry to get men nearer than Boston.
With great regard


Title: To John Adams from Henry Knox, 2 June 1799
From: Knox, Henry
To: Adams, John

My dear Sir
June 2 17’99

I flatter myself with the hope that, the subject of this letter it will not be considered by you as unreasonable importunity—My son my only son has been a mids Midshipman th in the navy  for upwards of a year. Before that period he was a year as he performed along voyage to india. The His expenence he has , and his know skill as a navigator, to add  to his experience his activity as a seaman, added to his experience appear in the opinion of Capt Nicholson, and the sailing Master of the ship to have qualified as him as alieutenant. He has an  Ambition to be promoted. he feels himself so degraded by circumstances of situation as a midshipman, that he continues with extreme impation impatience in that office and I am very apprehensive that he will unless hebe  obtains the object of his wish abandon the pursuit altogether—This circumstance would to us be inexpressibly mortifying to me—It is far from my desire to injure or interfere with any other persons rights. If he could be appointed a Lieutenant in the navy at large, and permitted to act as an extra Lieutenant onboard of the constitutin or the Boston or any other ship immediat bound immediately tosea, it would be considered as a great favor Conferred on me
I have the honor to be / with perfect attachment My / dear Sir Your Sincere and / devoted humble Sert

HKnox


Title: To John Adams from Benjamin Stoddert, 3 June 1799
From: Stoddert, Benjamin
To: Adams, John

Sir
Navy Department 3rd June, 1799.

I do myself the honor to enclose a Letter from Dwight Foster Esquire, recommending Mr. Joseph Willitson for the Appointment of Midshipman; also a Letter to Mr. Willitson, enclosing a Warrant, which will require your Signature, should you think fit that the appointment should be made.
I have the honor to be, sir, / with the greatest respect & Esteem, / yr. most obedt. hble servt.

Ben Stoddert


Title: To John Adams from Benjamin Stoddert, 3 June 1799
From: Stoddert, Benjamin
To: Adams, John

Sir.
Navy Department 3d June 1799

If it meets with your approbation, I will send as soon as possible, two Vessels at least, to cruise about Surinam & Cayenne—one or two to cruise about Curicoa and the Spanish main—three or four will be necessary to be kept in the neighbourhood of the Havanna, and a greater number must be kept about Guadaloupe; and altho’ I beleive there is have no necessity for it, yet to quiet the apprehensions, particularly of the southern people, it may be proper to keep two or three strong Vessels on the Coast.
As to St. Domingo, I presume Intercourse will not be renewed on any thing like the terms of the arret of Roume and the disappointment of their Expectations, together with the absolute necessity they will be under, of feeding themselves by Captures, will excite greater Enterprize than heretofore from that Island—so that it seems probable they will require a greater share of attention from us, than they have yet experienced.
Capt. Mc.Neill may & ought to be ready to sail in 10 days—I think he had better go at once to Surinam—& to remain on that station till other Vessels join him. The Constitution, I fear, will not be ready so soon as the 15th. June, tho’ Capt. Talbot is a man of business—He might go to Guadaloupe & continue the Command of all the Vessels thereabouts, until the approach of the Hurricane season—when some might go towards the Spanish main; & some towards Cuba. They had better be any where than in our Ports—I may have the honor of hearing from you, time enough to send Talbot his orders—but not Mc.Neill, whom I shall therefore direct, to proceed to Surinam;—his orders must reach him before the 10 instant.
I have the honor to be, / with the highest respect & Esteem / Sir, / Yr. Most Obed Servt.

Ben Stoddert


Title: To John Adams from Timothy Pickering, 4 June 1799
From: Pickering, Timothy
To: Adams, John

Sir,
Department of State Philadelphia June 4. 1799.

The inclosed letter for you came to hand this morning, without any letter from Mr. Adams to me. And the pamphlet accompanying this arrived yesterday, with letters from Mr. King, of which the duplicates have been before recd. and forwarded to you. A letter from Mr. Murray dated March 10th. is also inclosed.
I have the honor to be / with great respect / sir your obt. servt.

Timothy Pickering


Title: From John Adams to James McHenry, 5 June 1799
From: Adams, John
To: McHenry, James

Sir
Quincy June 5th 1799

I return the inclosures in your letter of 29th May. I know of no reason why Lt. James Sterit should not succeed to the vancy created by the death of Capt Demlar. The other papers, which I have read with pleasure require no comment from me.
With great regard


Title: From John Adams to James McHenry, 5 June 1799
From: Adams, John
To: McHenry, James

Sir
Quincy June 5th 1799

I return Col. Ogdens letter inclosed in yours of 28 Ult. & have no objection to the appointment of Wm: J Anderson as you propose.


Title: From John Adams to James McHenry, 5 June 1799
From: Adams, John
To: McHenry, James

Sir
Quincy June 5th 1799

I have received your favor of 27 May & have read the inclosures. The discipline of the army will require no doubt the punishment of death for desertion in many cases, & none perhaps will deserve it more, than that of Richard Hunter, & I should not hesitate to sign the warrant for his execution serious as is the act of depriving a fellow of his life—But I wish to know, whether the officers who composed the court martial were commissioned, and if not, what evidence we shall rely upon of their appointments, in case of the legality of this business should be examined by a grand jury.
I wish the members of courts Marshall would consider themselves as concil for the prisoner and admonish him against the plea of guilty and even after that, if he persists in it, that they would still examine witnesses to the fact of desertion
With great regard


Title: From John Adams to Benjamin Stoddert, 5 June 1799
From: Adams, John
To: Stoddert, Benjamin

Sir
Quincy June 5th 1799

Inclosed are recommendations of Joseph Williston & Habijah Savage, to be midshipman to whom I pray you to send warrants. If they can be admitted on board the Boston I shall be glad—if not they may be appointed to some other ship