Title: To George Washington from Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, 5 December 1780
From: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de
To: Washington, George

Philadelphia December the 5th 1780

                            My dear General

                        By My letter of yesterday I have Mentionn’d to You that a Spanish Expedition was intended Against St
                            Augustine—They Mean to set out at theEnd of december which will Certainly delay them till the Middle of january—it
                            consists of twelve ships of the line, some frigats, Bomb ketches, and a large Number of troops—I have advis’d the
                            Minister to Communicate officialy to you this intelligence, and also to Count de Rochambeau that proper means, if
                            Convenient, might be taken to improve it.
                        For my part, my dear General, I have conducted myself agreably to what you said to me in our last
                            Conversations. That if in the Course of the winter a Naval superiority was obtain’d our Business was to push for the South
                            Ward, and that you would take for that purpose Fore thousand French and two thousand Americans—Nothing Against Newyork
                            may be undertaken Before theEnd of May. Any thing therefore that Could employ us during February, March, and April is
                            worthy of our Attention.
                        The Confederacy was going to sail for some cloathing which we have in the West indias—No time was left to
                            waït for an answer from you—I knew perfectly your sense of this affair—I therefore, with the Advice of Chevalier de la
                            Luzerne, wrote him a letter dated from camp, wherein I explain to him that some thing might be made in conjunction for the
                            public good, and wherein I strengthen my opinion By your sentiments on this matter, without however Bringing myself, and
                            you still less in any formal application to the Spanish Generals.
                        Inclos’d you will find a copy of this letter, the first part of which mentions that if after having landed
                            theyr troops in Floridas they would send theyr ships of the line for us, we might on three weeks notice Before the
                            departure of the Squadron have in Readiness Six thousand men for a powerfull diversion in Carolina—Theyr own interest is
                            the only thing I seem to Consider in this Business, and I endeavour to invite Spanish Caution into this measure—But
                            unless a more Particular Application is made, I do not Believe that this part of My letter will have Any effect.
                        The Second part will, I hope, be productive of some good for America—I urge the necessity immediately to
                            open a Correspondance with General Greene that he may By his Maneuvres facilitate the operations of Spain—I tell them
                            that unless they land a Corps of troops on the Boundaries of Georgia with a wiew as least to threaten Augusta and Savahna
                            theyr Expedition will Run a great Risk—I advise the measure of Cruizing off Charlestown harbour, the whole under theyr
                            idea of theyr own interest.
                        I have also writen to the Naval French Commander of the West indias, Advising him to Succour Chevalier de
                            Ternay which I know he will not do—But I take this opportunity of damning theyr foolish neglect in not appearing on our
                            Coasts when they Return to Europe—And I do also advise that in theyr Cruizes from St domingo they may some times appear
                            off Savahna and Charlestown harbour—Inclos’d you will find a copy of this letter.
                        Tho’ I do alwaïs speack of the Beggining of February, it is however certain that any time in February would be
                            Convenient to go to the South ward—March and April are more than Sufficient to the taking of Charlestown—And in all
                            Cases, I know from our last Conversations that you wish for a Naval superiority this winter in order to succour the
                            southern States.
                        I had this morning, My dear General, a long Conversation with the Chevalier de la Luzerne Relating to a
                            southern operation. He is as well as myself clearly of opinion that unless a formal application and a plan of Campaign are
                            propos’d to them, they will not send theyr ships to us—in this late case theyr coming ought still to be questionn’d—But
                            if you thought it Better to try, you might propose to the FrenchGenerals to send there a frigat and see with them what
                            might be done in Conjonction—Suppose they were to take four thousand men, leaving some and the militia at Rhode island—We could on our part muster two thousand Americans—However the Spaniards are so positive and Strict in following
                            litteraly theyr instructions that I don’t Believe any thing will engage them to Come—But my letter which I look upon as a
                            mere Cipher on the first proposition will, I hope, engage them to impart theyr projects to Gal Greene, and of couse this
                            diversion will Become useful to us.
                        Suppose Count de Rochambeau and Cher de Ternay were to send to Havana a Copy of your letter I think they
                            ought to intrust it to Vicomte de Noailles who will soon Return to Rhode island and whose name is highly Respected By the
                            Court of Spain for many particular Reasons too long to be here mentionn’d.
                        I have seen Mr Ross and find that very little cloathing is to be immedately expected—They have some Arms on
                            Board the Alliance, and I think hundred Balis of cloth on Board a vessel under Jones’s Convoy—The Remainder will Come
                            with the Serapis—Unless the storms has Forc’d Jones to put in some French harbour, he May be expected every Minute.
                        The Assembly of Pennsilvania have Before them the Affair of the Recruits—But proper arrangements are not
                            properly supported—They are fond of Volontary inlistements—I have an appointement for to morrow with Gal Mifflin where I
                            will debate this Matter with him.
                        To Morrow, My dear General, I will go to Brandiwine withChe de Chattelux, and also to Red Bank, Fort
                            Mifflin &c. On my Return, I hope to find news from France, and I will write you my determination about My Going to
                            the South Ward.
                        Inclos’d you will find a newspaper wherein Congress have printed a letter from Gal Gates Relating to a new
                            Success of Sumpter.
                        Congress have lately Receiv’d letters from Mr Jay and Mr Adams But nothing very particular. They have more
                            fully writen By other opportunities that are expected—Portugal have entered into the Convention of Neutrality, and with
                            such Conditions as seem to show theyr partiality to our side of the Question. Adieu, my dear General,
                            Most Respectfully and Affectionately Your

                            Lafayette

                            My Respects to Mrs Washington and Compliments to the Family—Mr Washington is gone to day.


Title: To George Washington from Anne-César, chevalier de La Luzerne, 5 December 1780
From: La Luzerne, Anne-César, chevalier de
To: Washington, George

                                Monsieur

                                    5 December 1780

                            je metois flaté que les habillemens destinées a larmée sous les ordres de V. Excellence alloient enfin
                                arriver, sur les batiment de paul jones, ou sur ceux qui viennent sous son escorte, mais je crains
                                infiniment que vous n’ayés pas encore cette satisfaction, un passager venu sur un des vaisseaux du convoy me dit que
                                quant mîme cette petite escadre qui est partie de france le 8 doctobre arriveroit, elle ne porteroit q’un petit nombre
                                d’habillemens etant en grande partie chargées d’armes, et de munitions, mais il ajoute que le vaisseau le seraphisest
                                destinée a porter ou convoyer le reste des habillemens et que nous pouvons esperer de le voir arriver incessament dans
                                nos ports, jeusse infiniment desiré etre a portée de donner a votre excellence des nouvelles plus positives, sachant
                                combien il est interessent que ces objets arrivent tantôt.
                            jai recu des nouvelles certaines q’une expedition composée de quatres milles hommes de troupes de
                                Debarquement escortée par huit vaisseaux de guerre est partie le 16 octobre de la havane pour aller tenter lexpedition
                                de pensacola, mais on craint que les vents affreux qui ont regné dans ces passages n’aient fait grand tard a cette
                                flôte.
                            une autre expedition doit partir dans le mois de decembre pour attaquer st augustine elle est composee de
                                10 milles hommes troupes reglées ou milices, et douze vaisseaux de guerre elle tentera lexpedition de st augustine, je
                                desire dautant plus sincerement que cette operation militaire ait du succès, qu’elle pourra faire une diversion
                                avantageuse en faveur des etats unis dans cette partie du continent.
                            Le chr de Chatelux et tous les autres officiers qui ont eu le bonheur de passer quelque jours avec votre
                                excellence au quarthier general me chargent de lui presenter leurs respects, il esperent avoir l’honneur de le revoir
                                a leur retour.
                            jose me flater que vous rendes justice aux sentimens de veneration et de respect que je vous ai voué avec
                                les quels jai l’honneur detre Monsieur Votre tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur

                                le che. de la luzerne

                                Votre excellence veut elle bien faire passer a mr le cte de rochambeau la paquet cy joint par la
                                    premiere occasion qu’elle en aura.

                        TranslationSir
                            I flattered myself that the Cloathing destined for the Army under the command of your Excellency had at
                                length arrived in the River, in the Vessel of Paul Jones or in one of those coming under his Convoy, but I regret
                                infinitely that you have not yet that satisfaction. A passenger arrived in one of this Convoy told me that when this
                                same little squadron, which left France the 8th October, would arrive; they would bring but little Cloathing, being in
                                great part laden with Arms and Ammunition, but he added that the Seraphis is destined to bring the remainder of the
                                Cloathing, and that we may hope to see the Vessel arrive soon in our parts. I have an infinite desire to have an
                                opportunity of giving your Excellency notice of the arrival of these Articles.
                            I have recd certain intelligence that an expedition composed of four thousand troops conveyed by eight
                                Vessels of War departed the 16th October from the Havanna to attempt an expedition agt Pensacola. But it is thought
                                that the terrible tempests which they may have received in that passage may have retarded that Fleet.
                            Another Expedition was to depart in the Month of December to attack Augustine. It was to be composed of
                                ten thousand Men—Regulars and Militia, and twelve Vessels of War. I wish sincerely that that Military operation may
                                meet with success, which may make an advantageous diversion in favor of the United States in that Quarter.
                            Chevr de Challetus and the officers who had the honor of visiting you at Head Quarters
                                desire me to present their respects to you—they expect to have the honor of seeing you again on their return. I am

                                Chevr de la Luzerne

                                Yr Excellency will be pleased to forward the packet for Count Rochambeau by the 1st
                                opportunity.


Title: To George Washington from Benjamin Tallmadge, 5 December 1780
From: Tallmadge, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Danbury Decr 5th 1780

                        I had the Honor to receive Your Excellency’s very agreeable favor of the 28th ulto, the last Evening—It gives
                            me the most singular satisfaction that my Conduct, in the late Expedition to Long Island, meets with Your Excellency’s
                            Approbation. I shall be particular in making known the favorable Sentiments expressed by the Commander in Chief, to the
                            Detachment which I had the Honor to Command. I have the Honor to be, with the most respectful Attachment, Dear Genl, Your
                            most Obedt & very Hble Servt

                            Benja. Tallmadge


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Huntington, 6 December 1780
From: Huntington, Samuel
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Philadelphia December 6. 1780

                        Your Excellency will receive enclosed, Copy of several Resolves of Congress of the 4th Instant, in which you
                            will observe, the Officers are prohibited from making any Contract or Bargain, or giving Orders for the Purchase of
                            Articles for the Use of the Troops; in the Department of Cloathier General, Quarter Master General, or Commissary General
                            of Purchases, except in Cases of Necessity, as mentioned in the Resolve; of which your Excellency or any Commanding
                            Officer of a Detachment will be able to judge, as the Case may happen. This Resolution is in Consequence of repeated
                            contrary Practices, which have occasioned Difficulties, as reported by the Board of War.
                        You will also please to observe the Augmentation of the Pay allowed to the Officers in the Inspectors
                            Department.
                        That the Corps of Mare Chaussee are continued upon thier former Establishment.
                        And that Mr Simeon De Witt is appointed Geographer to the Army in the Room of Robert Erskine deceased. I am
                            Sir with every Sentiment of Esteem & Respect your Excellency’s most obedient & most humble Servant

                            Sam. Huntington President


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Allyne Otis, 6 December 1780
From: Otis, Samuel Allyne,Henley, David
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Boston 6th Decemr 1780

                        We receivd your Excellencys Letter, the 19 Novemr, and hope the Clothing deliverd from our Store, has by this time
                            arrived at Camp, as measures were taken to forward it as early as possible.
                        The Cloth remaining, we have already deliverd into the Taylors hands, greater part of which is cut out,
                            sorted, and distributed in such manner, as to make it yeld to most advantage. Before we could collect and forward it, the
                            whole may be made up, good part of which is returnd from the Tailors hands, finished and now packing
                                 Twenty Waggon loads, or sixty Hogsheads,  forward beginning next
                            Week to the Army, the remainder as soon as possible—As we suppose Mr Otis stopt at Head Quarters, on his way to
                            Philadelphia, so a particular account of the State of the Clothing in our department, he has no doubt given your
                            Excellency, and expected a line from him per Post after consulting you; the mail taken, we conjecture leaves us without
                            his particular advise. Your Excellency may depend on every exertion from, those that hope to meet your approbation. We
                            have the honor to be, and are with all due Respect Your Excellencys most Obdt and Hum. Servts

                            Otis & Henley


Title: To George Washington from Lewis Pintard, 6 December 1780
From: Pintard, Lewis
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Baskenridge 6th Decr 1780

                        Agreable to what I informed Your Excellency at Morris Town I went to Eliza. Town on Saturday last, in order
                            to prepare matters for my return to New York, where I was Agreably surprised with the Arrival of my Family—This Occurrence
                            will entirely prevent any Thoughts of my Accepting the Honor Your Excellency designed me in the Appointment to the Care of
                            the Prisoners in that City—and indeed the very severe Treatment my Family has met with in my Absence, and the Threats
                            publickly made use of against me incase of my return, fully Convinces me, if there was the least doubt before, that my
                            Return would have been at least attended with many unforeseen difficulties—I have the highest Sense of your Excellency’s
                            past goodness, and shall ever bear the most greatful Remembrance of the favourable attention Your Excellency has paid to
                            my peculiar Circumstances.
                        It would give me real Pleasure could I in any future department of Life Oblige Your Excellency in the
                            smallest Instance or be in the least Serviceable to advance or prosper the Common Cause of America. I have the Honor to be
                            with great Respect Your Excellencys most Obedient Humble Servant

                            Lewis Pintard


Title: From George Washington to Board of War, 7 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

                            Gentlemen
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 7th Decemr 1780

                        I had the honor of receiving your favor of the 23d ulto while on my way to this place, at which I arrived
                            last Evening. The Returns which you require from the Officers of Cavalry shall be immediately called for and transmitted
                            when brought in.
                        The passport for the Sloop Carolina packet only came to my hands this day. I am under the necessity of
                            forwarding it by the Count de Custine; as the Quarter Master Genl has it not in his power to furnish an Express with the
                            means of bearing his Expences to Philada. I have the honor to be with great Respect Gentn Yr most obt Servt


Title: To George Washington from Daniel Brodhead, 7 December 1780
From: Brodhead, Daniel
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            Fort Pitt Decemr 7th 1780

                        I am honored with your favor of the 13th of October. And should have appointed the time and place for the
                            immediate Execution of Gamble. But both him & Davis had effected their escape as I informed your Excellency in a
                            former Letter. The Officers who commanded the Guards at the times they respectively escaped were arrested tried &
                            acquitted, and therefore I thought it unnecessary to trouble you with the Proceedings respecting them.
                        I was applied to, to endeavour to intercede with your Excellency to remit the sentence of Captn Beal, but I
                            thought it too just, to say any thing about it.
                        The proceedings respecting Gosset, was packed up in a mistake. The Court Martial sentenced him to be whipped,
                            and as your Excellency had authorized me to determine upon all proceedings which did not affect life, or the dismission of
                            an Officer I did not intend to have troubled you with the proceedings respecting him.
                        I have for a long time past had two parties in the Country (commanded by Field Officers) to impress Cattle,
                            and yet the Troops are frequently without meat for several Days together. Indeed I am so well convinced that there is not
                            half meat enough on this side the Mountain, for the supply of the Troops, that I have thought it adviseable to risk the
                            sending a party of hunters to kill Buffeloe at little Canhawa and laying the meat, untill we shall be able to send for it,
                            which I expect will be in the spring.
                        The Delaware chiefs have declared War against the Seneca’s and Captn John Montour was immediately sent with
                            two Delawares & one whiteman to bring a prisoner from their Towns—at french Creek (Venango) he fell in with a
                            party of eight Seneca’s who, a few days before, had taken a woman & two Children from Westmoreland County, he shot
                            one of the Indians upon a raft in the Creek and the rest ran away, but after a few minutes one of them returned under
                            cover of some timber and asked Montour who he was, he told them that he and his Men were Delawares that they were sent by
                            their Chiefs and that they might thank God, the water prevented his getting at them, when the Seneca expressed some mark
                            of Contempt and followed his own party this relation may be depended on. Captn Montour with a party of Delawares is now in
                            pursuit of another party of Indians supposed to be Delawares or Muncies, who were discovered by a Delaware Runner on their
                            way towards these Settlements.
                        I do all in my Power to encourage Partizan Strokes. But was I at liberty to give rewards, I have neither
                            Money nor Goods to do it with, I can venture to say, that I could, at any time, for a small quantity of Goods, engage a
                            very considerable number of Delaware Indians to go with me upon an expedition. And I believe that a considerable quantity
                            would enable me to set the Indians at war against one another, so as to divert them from our frontiers.
                        Many of the Inhabitants are uneasy to see any notice taken of the Delaware Indians, and once attempted to
                            destroy a great number of them who were under our protection but were prevented by a guard of Regular Troops. I have
                            hitherto made use of every address in my power to keep as many of them from joining the Enemy as it was possible for me to
                            do, in Obedience to your Excellencies instructions. And I shall be very thankfull for your further Commands respecting
                            them.
                        I am sensible that there are, a great number of disaffected Inhabitants on this side the Mountain, that wish
                            for nothing more than a fair oppertunity to submit to the British Government, and therefore would be glad to have the
                            regular Troops withdrawn.
                        I have received the General Orders respecting the new Arrangement of the Army, and shall remit the
                            Arrangement of my Regt to Genl Wayne by this conveyance. I am a stranger to the intention of most of my Brother Officers
                            but for my part, I am inclined to assist to the end, in a work so nobly begun.
                        I beg leave to return your Excellency my warmest Thanks for your continual care of the Troops which I have
                            the Honor to command. I have the Honor to be with the most exhalted respect & esteem your Excellencies most obedt
                            & most Hble Servt

                            Daniel Brodhead

                            P.S. A half Indian of the name of Bawbee, brought me a draft of the works at Detroit, which I take the
                                liberty to enclose. He dropped some hints of his being in British pay and I confined him in Irons but know not how to
                                punish him without bringing more trouble upon the Inhabitants.

                            D.B.

                                diagram of "New Fort at Detroit"


Title: To George Washington from Nathanael Greene, 7 December 1780
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Camp Charlotte Decemr 7th 1780.

                        I arrived at this place on the 2d of this Instant. General Gates having reached this some days before me with a
                            part of the troops under his command, the rest being on their march to Hillsborough. General Smallwood was below this
                            about fifteen miles towards the Waxhaws, where he had been for a considerable time before General Gates marched from
                            Hillsborough. On my arrival I sent for him; and he was gone towards Cambden in pursuit of a party of tories, and did not
                            arrive in Camp ’till the night before last. Immediately I called a council respecting the practicability of holding a
                            court of enquiry upon Genl Gates’s conduct during his command in this department. The questions stated to the council,
                            and the answers of the members are enclosed in the papers from No. 1 to 5—I wrote your Excellency at Richmond that I
                            should leave the Baron de Steuben to take command in Virginia, which I accordingly did, and to endeavour if possibly to
                            make an arrangement of that line. Since which I have not heard from him, nor whither the enemy have left Chesepeake bay or
                            not. As I passed through Petersburg an Express arrived from Below with intelligence that the enemy had returned; but
                            having hear’d nothing further of the matter, conclude the report must have been premature.
                        To give your Excellency an Idea of the state and condition of this Army, if it deserves the name of one, I
                            enclose you an extract of a letter wrote by Genl Gates to the Board of War No. 6. Nothing can be more wretched and
                            distressing than the condition of the troops, starving with cold and hunger—without tents and camp equipage. Those of the
                            Virginia line are literally naked, and a great part totally unfit for any kind of duty, and must remain so untill clothing
                            can be had from the Northward. I have written to Governor Jefferson not to send forward any more untill they are well
                            cloathed and properly equiped.
                        As I expected, so I find the great bodies of Militia that have been in the field and the manner in which they
                            came out, being all on horse back, has laid waste all the County in such a manner that I am really afraid it will be
                            impossible to subsist the few troops we have; and if we can be subsisted at all, it must be by moving to the provisions,
                            for they have no way of bringing it to the Army.
                        I have desired the Board of War of this State not to call out any more Militia untill we can be better
                            satisfied about the means of subsistance for the regular troops and the Militia from Virginia.
                        Lord Cornwallis lies with his principal force at a place called Waynesborough, about half way between Cambden
                            and Ninety six at both of which places the enemy have a post and strongly fortifyed. At Cambden they have seven redoubts,
                            at Ninety six not more than three but they are very strong. Part if not the whole of the embarkation mentioned in your
                            Excellencys letter of the 8th Ulto as taking place at New York have arrived at Charles town, and it is said Lord Cornwallis
                            is preparing for some movement.
                        I have parties exploring the Dan Yadkin and Catawba rivers and am not without hopes we shall be able to
                            assist the army by water transportation. It is next to impossible to get a sufficiency of waggons to draw provisions and
                            forage the very great distance we are obliged to fetch it to feed the Army.
                        The inhabitants of this country live too remote from one another to be animated into great exertions; and the
                            people appear notwithstanding their danger, very intent upon their own private affairs.
                        Enclosed No. 7 and 8 are the reports of General Sumpter’s last action and Lt Col. Washington’s strategem, by
                            which he took Col. Rugley and his party.
                        I find when the Baron Steuben comes forward there will be a difficulty between him and General Smallwood, the
                            latter declares he never will submit to the command of the former, and insists upon having his Commission dated back to as
                            early a period as he had a right to promotion. When that was, I know not; as I know of no principles of promotion from
                            Brigadiers to Majors General except their seniority or special merit. What is left to be done in the affair? Before I
                            order the Baron to come forward, I wish your Excellency’s advice in the matter. I fear our army is always to be convulsed
                            by extraordinary claims and special appointments. They are exceeding good men it is a pity a dispute should arise between
                            them, so injurious to the service as it must be.
                        My Idea, respecting the power given by Congress for exchanging prisoners of war in this department perfectly
                            corresponds with your Excellency’s. I had no Idea that it extended to the Convention troops; and by my inquiry only meant
                            to learn your advice, so that my conduct might correspond with your views.
                        All the prisoners taken by Colo. Cambell and others have been dismissed paroled and enlisted in the Militia
                            service for their months, except about 130. Thus we have lost by the folly, not to say any thing worse, of those who had
                            them in charge upwards of six hundred Men. I am told Lord Cornwallis has lately made a proposition to General Smallwood
                            for exchanging all the prisoners in North and S. Carolina. If it is upon terms that are just and equal, I shall avail
                            myself of it. For a great number of prisoners is a heavy weight upon our hands.
                        I am too little informed of the resources still left in this Country, and of the Enemy’s designs, to tell
                            what disposition to make, or how to dispose of the little forage we have in the field. I shall do the best I can and keep
                            your Excellency constantly advised of my situation.
                        General Gates sets out tomorrow for the Northward. Many Officers think very favourably of his conduct, and
                            that whenever an inquiry takes place he will honorably acquit himself. I am with great esteem and regard Your Excellency’s
                            Most Obedient Humble Servant

                            Nath. Greene

                     Enclosure

                                    No. 1

                                 5 December 1780

                            At a Council of War held at Charlotte in North Carolina the 5th day of Decr 1780 Consisting of the
                                Commanding Officer
                            M. Genl Smallwood
                            B. Genl Huger
                            Colonel Williams
                            Colonel Buford
                            the Commanding Officer read to the council his instructions respecting the appointing a Court of
                                Enquiry into the conduct of Major Genl Gates, during his command in this Department, and requested their opinions
                                respectively in writing—Whether it would be practicable to hold the Court under the present circumstances of the Army,
                                if Major Genl Baron de Steuben and another Genl Officer were here to constitute it agreeable to his instructions; and
                                whether they would advise him to send for the Baron and another Genl Officer from Virginia untill he is more fully
                                informed of the Enemies movements in that State, where the Baron and two other Genls belonging to the Southern
                                Department are left with a command to watch the motions of the Enemy and to protect the State from their
                            depredations.

                     Enclosure

                                    No. 2

                                Sir
                                Charlotte Decr 6th 1780

                            Your instructions being limitted with respect to the Baron de Stuben’s presiding in a Court which you
                                are empowered to appoint, to enquire into the conduct of Major Genl Gates—it cannot be constituded during his absance;
                                nor would it be eligible or politic to draw the Baron from the command assigned him in Virginia, untill the Enemy’s
                                movements and veiws there could be ascertained with more precession: Abstracted from this our situation and
                                circumstances in a military veiw, would not admit of that delay which an enquiry of this nature might necessarily
                                require—which at a future day (and perhaps in a short time) might be more properly and impartially investigated whilst
                                the Armies lay in Quarters, and might be restrained from active operation during the rejoices of the winter Season. I
                                have the honor to be with great regard your most huml. Servt
                            Copy

                                W. Smallwood

                     Enclosure

                                    No. 3

                                Sir
                                Charlotte Decr 6th 1780

                            In consequence of your having desired my opinion in writing on the Questions, whether it would be
                                practicable to hold a Court of Enquiry on the conduct of Major Genl Gates under the present circumstances of this
                                Army, if Major Genl Baron de Steuben and another Genl Officer were here agreeable to your instructions? and whether it
                                would be proper to send for the Baron and another Genl Officer from Virginia untill you are more fully informed of the
                                Enemies movements in that State?
                            I am of opinion that were the Baron and another Genl Officer here, the present situation of this Army
                                would not admit of the Court of enquiry being held; and think it would be improper under the present circumstances to
                                call them from Virginia. I am Sir &ca
                            Copy

                                Isc Huger

                     Enclosure

                                    No. 4

                                Sir
                                Camp Charlotte 6th Decr 1780

                            It is my opinion that the resolve of the Honble the Congress for makeing an enquiry into the conduct of
                                Major Genl Gates as Commander of the Southern Army, cannot be immediately complied with. The absence of the Honble
                                Major Genl the Baron de Steuben, who is appointed president will necessarily occasion some delay; and it may be
                                attended with injurious consequences to the public to call that officer from his command in Virginia, where (by the
                                latest intelligence) the forces under Genl Lesslie have been augmented, and where the Baron’s presence may be
                                indispensibly necessary.
                            As Brigadier Genl Morgan is the only continental Genl Officer present who was not in action on the 16th
                                of Augt last, and may appear as evidence or be challenged by Genl Gates, I apprehend it would be found inconvenient to
                                compose a court if the Baron was present, upon the principles of his Excellency Genl Washingtons instructions which
                                you were pleased to communicate last evening And I am of opinion if the court could be convened in
                                a short time, it would be difficult to collect all the evidence with that attention and deliberation which the subject
                                requires in the present deranged state of the Army; especially as we may reasonably expect the late reinforcement to
                                Lord Cornwallis’s Army will enable him to act with such force and activity as to render the situation of yours
                                exceedingly precarious. I am Sir, &ca
                            Copy

                                 O.H. Williams

                     Enclosure

                                    No. 5

                                Sir
                                 Decr 6th 1780

                            If Major Genl Baron de Stuben was sent for, it would be practicable to make the enquiry into the conduct
                                of Major Genl Gates as commanding officer of the Southern Army agreeable to your instructions But the present
                                circumstances of your army, and the situation of the Enemy considered, I think it unadvisable at present to go into
                                the enquiry. I am also of opinion that to send for the Baron for the purpose of making the enquiry would be
                                unadvisable, untill the intentions of the enemy in the State of Virginia (where the Baron is at present) are further
                                known; as I have reason to beleive his presence there greatly necessary there.
                            Copy

                                A. Buford Colonel

                     Enclosure

                                No. 6 Copy
                                Dr Sir
                                Hillsborough 23d Octr 1780

                            Untill this campaign I was an utter stranger to the command of soldiers, without almost every thing with
                                which soldiers should be supplied. Of what use are arms without accoutrements? How can men continue in the field in
                                winter, without tents or blankets? For want of cartridge boxes, belts, and frogs: the ammunition and bayonets are lost,
                                or spoiled; and the Arms rendered useless. For want of tents and blankets the men desert and die: one encreases the
                                files of the Enemy, and both diminshes yours. Desertion, the Hospital and the grave must soon
                                swallow up an Army thus sent into the field in Novr. I am tired of writing to Congress, to Governors, and thro’ them
                                to you upon this miserable detail of wants and deficiences. My first letter from hence to Congress represented that
                                the militia having thrown away their Arms, more would be immediately wanted. When I applied for arms I did not mean
                                naked flintlocks any more than when I applied for reinforcements from this State and Virginia, I ment naked men.
                                Cloths, Shoes, tents, blankets and Camp equipage, are as necessary for one, as accoutrements are for the other. For
                                your own sakes consider my distress, and instantly devise means of sending to this army the supplies it cannot exist
                                without.
                            If timely measures are taken to equip the troops, they may effect something of consequence to the
                                Southern States; but if supiness and delay continue to impede all our measures—what good can be
                                expected from an Army hitherto only remarkable for its misfortunes its perserverance, and its wants.
                            If Mr Dart D. Clothier Genl for these States, can come forward immediately with what we are most in
                                distress for, let him be ordered directly to the Army: the Bills I have drawn agreeable to the resolves of Congress,
                                before Mr Clay D. M. Genl joinded this Army, and those since drawn by him, are refused by the governor of Mariland.
                                Some have been delayed payment also in Virginia. I wish Congress had not put this task upon me; but when they did, I
                                think there should have been no contempt put upon this authority nor any disgrace upon my bills A well furnished
                                military chest, is the supply I ought to have; if that cannot be had the substitute should not be a protested or
                                rejected bill. Hitherto I have drawn only for provisions, some clothing and tent cloth; unless these had been
                                nakedness and famine must have been the portion of the Army. I am &ca

                                H. Gates

                     Enclosure

                                    No. 7

                                    20 November 1780

                            Genl Sumpter being wounded, the following is the report of Colonel Middleton of the Action which happened at
                                Blackstock’s on Tyger River the 20th of Novr last.
                            About 5 oClock P.M. the videts in Front apprized us of the Enemy’s Approach by the discharge of
                                their Pieces and in a few Minutes they approached within 400 yards of our Camp, dismounted their Infantry and
                                formed in a Field. The General detached two parties to skirmish with them while he formed his Line upon an eminence,
                                and posted some Men behind the Houses and Fences at the Foot of it. The Parties detached kept up a loose Fire and the
                                Enemy retired to a Wood, under cover of which they made their Disposition of Cavalry & Infantry, for an attack, and
                                immediately advanced to the Charge. The Conflict was warm and the Enemy were repulsed. They rallied, made a second
                                charge and were again repulsed. They made a third and our People in Front were obliged to yield to the Impression, but
                                the Fire from the Eminence gave them such an effectual Check that they quit the Field in great Disorder, and retired
                                with the utmost Precipitation. We pursued, but the Approach of Night prevented our taking any Advantage of their
                                Flight. They left 92 dead, and 100 wounded on the field. The Loss on our part was very inconsiderable, only 3
                                killed and 4 wounded—among the latter is Genl Sumpter in the Shoulder.
                            The Force that attacked, consisted of 300 Cavalry of Tarlton’s Legion 130 of the 63d and 100 of the 71st
                                Regiment, besides these, 300 of the 71st  were considerably in the Rear with a Piece of Artillery that did not get up
                                to Action.

                     Enclosure

                                    No. 8

                                Dear Sir
                                Camp Decemr 6th 1780.

                            Receiving intelligence on the 1st of this Inst. that parties of the tories were advancing from the out
                                posts of the British, up to Cane and Lynche’s creeks—with a view to intercept our waggons—and avail themselves of the
                                supplies in those settlements—from whence the principal support of the advanced troops under my Command had been drawn
                                for some time past.
                            I detached Genl Morgan with 500 Infantry and Lt Col. Washington with 100 Cavalry to cover a number of
                                waggons which were ordered down in that quarter after Corn and Pork—and if possible to intercept the tories.
                            The enemy gaining intelligence of the advance of our troops retreated—and whilst the covering party
                                remained on that duty—Lt Colonel Washington with the continental and some militia Horse—reduced Col: Rugley, Major
                                Cook and 112 tory Officers and Soldiers (in a logged Barn on Rugley’s plantation strongly secured by Abatis) to
                                surrender at discretion without firing a shot.
                            The Colonels address and stratagem deserve applause—having no Artillery he mounted a pine-log—and holding
                                out the appearance of an attack with Field pieces—carried his point, by sending in a flag and demanding an immediate
                                surrender. With very sincere Regard I remain Your Most Obedient Humble Servant

                                W. Smallwood


Title: To George Washington from Henry Hamilton, 7 December 1780
From: Hamilton, Henry
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            New York December 7th 1780

                        Having been informed that Congress had referred to your Excellency the affair of exchange for all prisoners
                            of war, I am induced to think the government of Virginia has relinquished the claim to myself and other persons taken at
                            the same time, as prisoners to that particular State.
                        As in the proposals hitherto made for an exchange of prisoners, I have been particularly excepted, I have to
                            hope this point may be at length adjusted by your Excellency’s orders and instructions to Major Skinner, Commissary
                            General of prisoners for the American army who is here at present.
                        That gentleman has informed me, that he has not as yet had any orders relative to my exchange but has very
                            obligingly assured me, my letter should be transmitted to your Excellency with all possible dispatch.
                        Colonel Mathews by composition, and Lieutenant Colonels Porterfield, DuBuysson and Towles having been
                            proposed at different times, for exchange against me, and being officers whose liberation may interest the particular state
                            of Virginia I have room to hope your Excellency will relieve me from my present state of suspence, either by a final
                            exchange, or an extension of my parole, which may admit of going to Europe, in which case Lieutenant Colonel DuBuysson may
                            (I appprehend) obtain leave also, to go for Europe on his parole, should his being exchanged against me not take place.
                        Should your Excellency finally determine this affair, I must intreat the favor of you to let me have the
                            earlyest intimation. I have the honor to be with due respect Sir your Excellency’s very obedient and most humble Servant

                            Henry Hamilton


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 7 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 7th Decemr 1780

                        I have the honor to introduce to your Excellency the Marquis de Laval, a Colonel in the French Army—This
                            Gentleman is of the Family of Montmorenci, the most illustrious in France; which alone would intitle him to every mark of
                            respect, did not his personal good qualities and the zeal with which he has sought the American service give him a further
                            claim to our attentions. I am convinced Your Excellency will receive him in a manner suited to his merit and his Birth. I
                            have the honor &c.


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 7 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 7 Decemr 1780

                        I have the honor of introducing to your Excellency the Count de Custine a Brigadier General in the Army of
                            France, and who is currently recommended to me by the Count de Rochambeau. This Gentlemans Rank, exclusive of the amiable
                            and valuable qualities which he is said to possess, intitles him to that polite attention which I am confident he will
                            receive from your Excellency. I have the honor &c.


Title: To George Washington from Stephen Moylan, 7 December 1780
From: Moylan, Stephen
To: Washington, George

                            Dear Sir
                            Philadelphia December 7th 1780

                        Colo. Temple had waited on the Board of War & the President of this State, Shewd them the
                            instructions I received from your Excellency respecting the 4th Regiment of Light Dragoons, the former Coud do nothing,
                            the latter has laid the matter before the Assembly, individuals of which inform me they are disposed to do every thing in
                            their power for recruiting men and purchasing horses for the Regiment but the finances of the State are in so deplorable a
                            condition that they do not know when they will have the ability to put this will in execution it is reccomended that I
                            shoud remain in this place until some plan can be formd for this purpose, Lt Col. Temple is now at Lancaster from whom I
                            have this day received a Letter, in which he Says that his private Affairs are in Such a Situation from being four years
                            absent as absolutely requires his presence, I shall take the Liberty of giveing him a furlough When Major Fauntleroy joins
                            Subject to an immediate recall, Shoud your Excellency disapprove of my having given him leave of absence.
                        two ships are arrived from L’Orient. the last in 36 days brings an account that Capt. Jones had Saild from
                            that port the 7th Octr the day after he met a most violent gale of wind in which his vessel was totaly dismasted, but he
                            got back to L’orient by good fortune and great exertions, the vessel which had the clothing for the Army on board got Safe
                            in. and Saild again in Company with the one arrived here yesterday. god Send her safe the Ariel cannot be ready until the
                            middle or later end of November.
                        Mr Lawrence is in the tower Lord Geo. Germaine and Lord Stormont were to wait on him, proposed Several
                            questions to which he woud give no answer he is denied the use of pen ink and paper, but otherwise well treated—it is
                            believed that the Count d’Estaing will have the Command in the West Indies. I have the honor to be Dear Sir Your most
                            Obliged H. St

                            Stephan Moylan


Title: To George Washington from James Randolph Reid, 7 December 1780
From: Reid, James Randolph
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Fish-Kill 7th December 1780

                        I suppose your Excellency heard some time ago that I had Col. Hazen upon tryal for cheating the soldiers of
                            his Regiment—I have not seen the sentence of the Court-Martial, but have heard he is acquitted, and the acquittal is such
                            as leaves no room to doubt that the Court thought him guilty of the charges, but the proof was insufficient to convict
                            him.
                        The Honorable Major General Heath in a profusion of indulgence granted Col. Hazen a Court of Field Officers;
                            I had neither a disposition nor right to object, and though some of them were among the foremost characters in the army
                            both as Officers and Gentlemen, yet not being professionally Lawyers were not obliged to understand some points of Law
                            which necessarily came before them. I could claim no assistance from the abilities of Mr Strang the Judge Advocate,
                            because he did not possess any, and when I came to compare my Court-Martial abilities with those of Col. Hazen, I was so
                            sensible of my inferiority that I begged for a suspension of the tryal untill we could have a Judge Advocate whose
                            abilities were equal to the task. It was unfortunate that I was not admitted to bring pointed proof in the instance of a
                            false Muster in Capt. Munson’s son. It was unfortunate that the detention of four Months pay sent by the state of
                            Connecticut to about fifty Officers and soldiers in Hazen’s Regiment from that State as part of their depreciation (in
                            september 1779 and not yet paid) could not be saddled upon somebody—Col. Hazen declared to the Court that that Money would
                            have been paid, had it not been prevented by Congress, your Excellency, the state of Connecticut and himself; but could
                            produce no official authority from either—It was very unfortunate that Col. Hazen should stop twenty dollars per pair for
                            show out of the soldiers wages in te latter end of 1779 after the long fatiguing Marches they had performed that Campaign,
                            and particularly when the contract in point of Clothing was deficient on the part of the United-States. Near four hundred
                            pairs at one time which amounted to 8,000 Dollars—One, two and in some instances three pair frm one soldier at the same
                            time—The three-fourths of his annual wages and yet justice has not reached him Col. Hazen.
                        It was unfortunate for the Public that from the time when Col. Hazen made the first stoppages (which was at
                            Reading in the beginning of 1779) ’till we left the Hutts near Morris-Town last June he lost by Desertion one hundred and
                            twenty six able bodied soldiers.
                        It was unfortunate for the Public that Col. Hazen drew in October 1779 a gratuity of one hundred dollars,
                            each, for four hundred and sixty non-commissioned officers and Privates who were engaged to serve during he war, and had
                            been enlisted previous to the 23rd January 1779 when his abstracts for the same Month to Witt October amounted to no more
                            than four hundred and sixty five non-commissioned Officers and Privates, and amongst them several who had engaged for
                            three Years and their times nearly expired, and I think above forty recruits who were not entitled to that County and if
                            his vouchers were produced I have reason to think they would not amount to more than three hundred and sixty.
                        It was very fortunate for Col. Hazen that his Regiment was continued upon its original establishment, and Mr
                            Chinn continued pay-master upon the Rolls, when he is an auditor of Accompts and in all probability will one day or other
                            have the adjusting of his own accompts. and Col. Hazen’s happy connection with his Nephew Capt. White who does the duty of
                            pay-master enables him to cover his conduct in such a manner that it is difficult to get hold of him.
                        And what was more fortunate still for Col. Hazen was that I failed for the
                            present in making such proof as would have done justice to an injured Regiment, who have long struggled with
                            difficulties which could have been avoided, and called upon me by all the ties of Country and character, to hold up their
                            situation to your Excellency, from whom they had every reason in the World to expect justice.
                        I wish with all my heart that Your Excellency might see the proceedings, which will sufficiently prove that
                            my representation is not the effect of passion or disappointment.
                        As soon as Col. Hazen learned the sentence of the Court-Martial, he came to this place and immediately put me
                            in arrest upon three general Charges without particularizing a single fact, and has confined me to my Tent or Quarters;
                            and although I possess those feelings which give me a security against any thing he can say or do, yet my situation is by
                            no means agreeable—I must beg your Excellency will appoint a Court for my tryal as soon as convenient, and in the mean
                            time give me the same limits which the custom of the Army allows Officers in Arrest—I do not know what they are.
                        I have heard that Col. Hazen has obtained Genl Heaths leave to go to Philadelphia and as I know he cannot
                            expect to prove one of the charges against me imagine he intends to mannoeuvre in such a manner as to keep me in Arrest
                            all Winter and by going into my own Country will rivet such prejudices as innocence herself cannot get the better of
                            whilst I am untryed upon his black list of charges. I beg that he may be prevented and must repeat my wish to have the
                            tryal commence immediately. Relying on your Excellency’s justice I have the Honor to be with the greatest regard yr
                            Excellencys most obedt and most Humb. Servt

                            James R. Reid Major
                            Hazen’s Regt


Title: From George Washington to Israel Shreve, 7 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Shreve, Israel

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor Decr 7th 1780

                        I returned to this place last Evening where I found your letter of the 4th. I cannot
                            conceive how my Instructions of the 27th of Novemr could have miscarried—Inclosed you have a Copy of them, which you will
                            follow—I am sorry for the accident which happened to my first orders as you have thereby lost a spell of very fine Weather
                            for hutting. I am Yr &c.


Title: From George Washington to Anthony Wayne, 7 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Wayne, Anthony

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 7th Decr 1780

                        I have the pleasure of introducing to you the Count de Custine a Brigadier, and the Marquis de Laval a
                            Colonel in the French Army—They are Gentlemen of the first distinction, which, added to their Rank, will I am certain,
                            ensure them every mark of attention from you.
                        Should any Officer of the line, properly qualified to accompany them, have occasion to go to Philadelphia, I
                            should be glad that you would make an offer of his services upon that occasion. I have assured them this will be the case
                            I am with great Regard Dear Sir your most obt Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from James Wood, 7 December 1780
From: Wood, James
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Annapolis 7th December 1780

                        The Removal of the British Troops from the State of Virginia to Maryland, has Occasioned my being here, in
                            Order to make Some Provision for the Troops who are on their March. their Destination is not yet Determined but hope it
                            will be today as the Matter is Depending before the Assembly. there is as Yet no Provision made for them, an empty
                            Treasury and the Execution entirely without Powers and much Averse to receiving the Troops. I have Applied to the
                            Executive of Virginia to be Aided with Provision from Berkeley, and the Upper Counties, in Order to Save the Supplies of
                            this State for Our Own Troops, and hope I shall be Able to Subsist them from that Quarter, and the upper parts of this
                            State. On the removal from Albemarle the whole Burthen of Procuring Waggons, and laying in a Stock of Provisions and
                            Forage On a route of One hundred and fifty miles without money were thrown entirely On Me, which I have happily effected,
                            but which has involved me in innumerable Difficulties, in the Settlements of Public Accounts entirely Out of my line. the
                            German Troops are to Continue at their Present Quarters where I hope they Can be Supplied, but fear they will Suffer
                            before I can return to that post. Your Excellency may be Assured that I will Superintend both Posts as far as it is
                            Possible from their remote Situations. I am to Acknowledge the receipt of your Excellencys two Letters Mentioning the
                            Exchange of Brigadiers General Specht and De Gall with their Suites and Attendants, and a list of a Number of Other
                            Officers, who I have Permited to Proceed to Elizabeth Town, Wth their Servants, the route
                            Directed by your Excellency. As I was not informed whether the Servants were Exchanged, I took the Officer Paroles, that
                            they wou’d not Attmept to take them to New York, untill Exchanged or they Obtained Permission for it. in the last list
                            which Came to hand the Names of Brigadier General De Galls Aid de Camp, Surgeon, and Secretary, were not included, but as
                            your Excellency had in a former Letter Mentioned that his Suite & Attendants were Exchanged and they had sold Off
                            all their Baggage before the receipt of the List; I Permited them to Proceed with the Brigadier to Elizabeth Town On
                            Parole, not to Depart untill they receive your Permission. The Polite Terms in which your Excellency has been Pleased to
                            Mention your Approbation of my Conduct is extremely flattering to me. I shall ever think it a Peculiar Happiness to Carry
                            your Orders into Execution, in whatever Command you may think proper to Place me. I have the Honor to be with the Greatest
                            respect. Sir Yr Excellencys Very Obt Servt

                            James Wood


Title: General Orders, 8 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

                            Head Quarters New Windsor Friday December 8th 1780

                        A return to be made to the Adjutant General by the 12th Instant of the Noncommissioned Officers and Privates
                            in the Connecticut line inlisted to serve during the War specifying their names and the towns or districts to which they
                            belong—A like Return to be made by the same time of all men belonging to the State of Connecticut who are serving in any
                            of the Additional regiments (Colonel Hazen’s excepted) in the Artillery Cavalry Sappers and Miners or Artificers—It is
                            expected that these returns will be made with the greatest accuracy and that none will be included but those who are
                            inlisted for the War as the true deficiency of the State Quota will depend upon them.
                        The Commander in Chief is pleased to accept and Approve the following report of a court of Enquiry held at
                            West Point the 19th day of November last "To examine into the Conduct of Major David S. Franks in his connexion with the
                            late Major General Arnold during his command at West Point and Relative to his Desertion to the Enemy.
                        Colonel H. Jackson President
                        Lieutenant Colonel Dearborn Major Reid and Captains Cox and Walker Members.
                        The court report their opinion.
                        "That every part of Major David S. Franks’s conduct was not only unexceptionable but reflects the highest
                            Honor on him as an officer, distinguishes him as zealous Friend to the Independence of America and justly entitles him to
                            the Attention and Confidence of his Countrymen."


Title: To George Washington from William Greene, 8 December 1780
From: Greene, William
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Warwick 8th Decr 1780

                        In consequence of Your Excellcy’s Requisitions, The General Assembly have ordered three Hundred and Eight Men
                            to be inlisted by the first Day of January next, to compleat this States Regiment agreable to the Resolution of Congress.
                            To serve during the War or three years, and for the encouragement of those who may engage during the War, they are to
                            receive as a bounty one Hundred and twenty Silver Dollars, and for three years one Hundred Dollars. And whatever number
                            may be deficient on the said first Day of January, in order to procure them immediately, the whole Inhabitants from
                            Sixteen years old and upwards throughout this State are to be put into Classes in numbers agreable to the deficiency’s and
                            each one to furnish a Man.
                        They have also furnished this States Clothier with cash to procure cloathing to make up the deficiency of
                            that article in their Regiment. And have also ordered the Purchasing Commissary to Purchase the necessary supplies.
                        And in order to furnish those departments as well as all others as far as may be reasonablely expected from
                            this little State, The Assembly have ordered a Tax of One Million of Pounds in the old Continental Bills to be paid by the
                            first of February, and the first of April next in equal Halfs. And a further sum of Sixteen thousand pounds in Silver ten
                            of which to be paid by the first of January next the other by the first of February following.
                        These Proceedings I have thought proper to communicate to you that you may be inform’d of the manner in which
                            this State has taken to comply with your Requisitions, and hope they will meet your approbation. I am with great Truth
                            Your Excellency’s most Obedient & most Humble Servt

                            W. Greene


Title: From George Washington to Jedediah Huntington, 8 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Jedediah

                            Dear Sir
                            Hd Qrs New Windsor Decr 8th 1780

                        Since my arrival at this place I have received Your Letter of the 2nd Inst.
                        Altho I am utterly averse to have the Line of any State left without a General Officer, yet under the
                            circumstances you Mention; you have my permission to visit your friends, of whom I wish you a happy sight, and an
                            agreeable journey to them. I am Dear Sir with great esteem Your Most Obed. Servt


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Johnson, Jr., 8 December 1780
From: Johnson, Thomas, Jr.
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Newbury 8th December 1780

                        You will please to Excuse our Boldness being a Committee of but one Town, when we Urge the necessity of
                            Supporting this Frontier. We own we are particularly Interested, but truly are of Opinion that the grand Cause of America
                            depends very much on its being Supported for we hold at least Eighty Miles North of any Frontier now remaining, besides
                            there is no other way to get into Canada by Land but this. And it appears to us that except that Country be United to us
                            our Independance cannot be on a sure and lasting Basis.
                        This Country abounds in Bread, not only for our own Support, but at least an Equal number in other parts. We
                            are about 18000 Souls who are nearly alike exposed, lying on this River for more than 100 Miles. And it is more than
                            probable if the Enemy should be suffered to come upon this River that the whole must share the fate of being burnt and
                            driven off, which would throw at least an equal number of the Inhabitants of the New England States into difficulty for
                            Bread. And many other Inconveniences will necessarily follow, which your Excellency doubtless is aware of.
                        We have in this Town Collected 15000 wt of Flour to be used for our own defence; and assure your Excellency
                            that at least 4000 Bushels of Wheat may be now purchased in this Town, which the People are Manufacturing for Exportation,
                            as they have reason to think it will not be safe here, the Enemy have now no other Object left. Other Towns have also
                            large quantities of Grain. Therefore We humbly beg that a proper force under a good Commander may be sent here by the
                            first of February next to be Employed for the defence of this Frontier, And that a Company of Sixty Men be raised in this
                            Quarter, as a Scouting Party of such as are well acquainted with the several Routs from the Lake and from Canada. And
                            further if it be consistent with the good of the Service, propose to raise for Three, Six, or nine Months a Regiment on
                            This River for the Expedition to Canada if that should be undertaken; and we are of Opinion that from the Militia from the
                            Grants on Connecticutt River might be raised 1500 Men for three Months for said Expedition. We are
                            sensible that it is better for us to devote our whole Service, and allow Produce Gratis, for one Year for the Reduction of
                            Canada, than to submit to the Enemy or suffer the Conflagration which all our Western Frontiers have already undergone.
                            One Town on our Side the Mountains has been Burnt, and this has been threatened by a Party of about 500 who marched to
                            about Twenty five miles distance from this, but being discovered and Militia collecting and coming in very fast they
                            retreated. General Bayley will give you further Information—And we are your Excellencys very humble Servants

                            Committee Newbury
                            Thomas Johnson
                            Robert Johnston
                            Remembranc Chamberlin
                            John Gd Bayley
                            Gideon Smith


Title: From George Washington to Stephen Moylan, 8 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Moylan, Stephen

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 8th Decemr 1780.

                        You will be pleased to make to the Board of War (and send duplicates to me) as soon as possible, an accurate
                            return of the Men and Horses in your Regiment—the quantity of Cloathing and number of Arms—Accoutrements, and furniture of
                            every kind fit for service, and what will be the deficiency, estimating the strength of your Corps at the new
                            Establishment—You will also make a return of the Articles of Cloathing and Accoutrements drawn by the Regt since the 1st
                            Septemr 1779. The foregoing are called for by the Board of War, for their government, as they are directed by Congress to
                            make provision for the Cavalry.
                        Should you have any Men in your Regiment belonging to the State of Connecticut and who are inlisted for the
                            War, be pleased to make me a return of their Names and the towns to which they belong in the State. I am &c.


Title: To George Washington from William Phillips, 8 December 1780
From: Phillips, William
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            New York Decemr 8th 1780

                        I take leave to address Your Excellency on the subject of Lieutenant Governor Hamilton and I will request to
                            trouble you, Sir, with a short detail of the different propositions that have been heretofore made concerning that
                            Gentleman.
                        You are apprised that Colonel Mathews obtained permission from His Excellency General Sir Henry Clinton in
                            the Summer of last year to go to Virginia with an express view to negotiate an Exchange for Lieutenant Governor
                            Hamilton—In this however Colonel Mathews, who it was imagined was in every respect a desirable person to send upon this
                            business as belonging to Virginia, unhappily failed.
                        At the meeting of the Commissioners at Amboy I endeavoured to bring forward Lieutenant Governor Hamilton’s
                            Exchange, but not being able to determine precisely the rank he should be estimated at in the King’s Army, the matter of
                            his final Exchange was then waved, and I proposed to Your Excellency by Major General St Clair that Lieutenant Governor
                            Hamilton and the Officers made prisoners with him should be opposed to Colonel Mathews upon a Parole Exchange which
                            however was declined. Lieutenant Colonel Toules Oliver Towles belonging to Virginia having strongly
                            solicited a permission to go out in order to effect his Exchange either finally or on parole against the Lieutenant
                            Governor procured Sir Henry Clinton’s consent for that purpose but it appears that, on the arrival of Colonel Toules, a
                            Lieutenant Colonel Porterfield belonging also to Virginia who had been made a prisoner in the Carolinas and who, in
                            consequence of letters furnished by Governor Hamilton had been particularly attended to, was considered as opposed to the
                            Governor, and upon this principle The Governor of Virginia granted him and his Officers the liberty of going to New York
                            upon their Paroles.
                        Previous to this transaction Lieutt Colonel De Buisson who had been admitted to his parole expressly with a
                            view to the enlargement of Governor Hamilton sent in a letter, expressive of his wishes to be permitted to go for Europe.
                            The last proposition respecting Governor Hamilton’s Exchange was founded upon Lieutt Colonel Du Buisson’s application
                            which having been refused, I now think it necessary to declare to Your Excellency that, having written to England to know
                            the Rank in which Lieutenant Governor Hamilton should be placed I find it to be that of Lieutenant Colonel in the King’s
                            Armys. I should hope, from a consideration of the peculiar circumstances attending Governor Hamilton’s situation and the
                            many persons who have been interrested in it, and who have obtained repeated favours upon that consideration, that Your
                            Excellency will be induced to consent to his final Exchange against either of the Lieutenant Colonels Porterfield or Du
                            Buisson, or if this proposal should not be accepted of, that you will grant him an extension of Parole to go to Europe and
                            a similar indulgence will be given to Lieutenant Colonel Du Buisson—Major of Brigade Hay may be exchanged for any American
                            Captain a prisoner in the Southern District you Shall please to name, and so on to the rest according to Rank or Tariff
                            which may be adjusted by the Commissaries Skinner and Loring. I will request an immediate answer to this as possibly the
                            business may be settled during Mr Skinner’s residence here. I am, Sir, Your Excellency’s most obedient humble Servant

                            W. Phillips


Title: To George Washington from Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 8 December 1780
From: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de
To: Washington, George

                            Sir.
                            Newport, Xbr December 8th 1780

                        I have received from the Commanding officer at St Domingo, a letter in cyphers whereof I send you the
                            translation The Expedition against Pensacola by this time is made, whether with success or not, I donot believe that it
                            is probable that rodney should have set sail to go that way, I should rather think that he is gone to the Leeward Islands.
                            It is very unlucky that the Spaniards be so much attached by sickness, and that they have made at Havannah such a little
                            squadron go out. I am arrived from my Voyage, very much Satisfied with New London, Windham, and the 3. Norwich, where
                            Light battalions can be very militarily put, when they arrive from France Governor Trumbull was at Hartford, and I have
                            desired the Duke of Lauzun to communicate to him the desire I would have that the Troops that I hope for, from France this
                            winter, should be quartered in these different places if your Excellency approves of that disposition. I am with respect
                            Sir Your Excellency’s Most obedient and most humble servant

                            le Cte de Rochambeau

                            I beg of you to forward the Inclosed Letters to Philadelphy.

                     Enclosure

                                    c. November 1780

                            Copy of a Letter from the Commanding officer at St Domingo
                            Mr De Monteil set sail, on the 10th 8ber from the road of the Cape with all his Squadron to convoy as far
                                as Maisi point the Atalantia, whose orders were to escort two ships with 400. troops, Spanish convalescents thence he
                                    Mr De Mouteil, is to cruize on Jamaica. From the 14th to the 18th, there has been a
                                very considerable rain, Wind blowing from the North, very fiercely it has destroyed all the Low Lands about the Cape,
                                and obliged the Atalantin to go to the Mole St Nicolas on the 18th. The Atalantis has given no news of the Squadron,
                                at which I’m very much concerned.
                            I have sent a packet-boat to Mr De Mouteil to give him intelligence that an American vessel had seen, on
                                the 9th instt 25º 2" Northern Latitude, a large fleet, bearing South, and which, as he thought, could only be bound to
                                Jamaica. A Convoy of sixty Sail, gone from the Ferrol, on the 20th August, protected by the
                                Frigates the Ceres, and the Inconstante is arrived the 9th instt
                                at Martinico, the two frigates set Sail for the Fort Royal, but on the 11th a hurricane has
                                obliged all the Vessels to take up anchors according to the report of two vessels that entered this harbour in a very
                                bad plight.
                            Solano Set sail from Havannah the 10th of September with seven men of War and four Frigates for an
                                expedition against Pensacola. the Distemper that had begun in Europe in the Spanish army has continued at havannah in
                                such a manner that they had a great deal to do to compleat the crews of the ships that went out with Solano.
                            Mr De Guichen not being arrived on the 1st Octr I fancy, you don’t expect him any more. When he went
                                away, Every thing seemed to show the greatest desire of going to France.


Title: From George Washington to Nathaniel Shaw, Jr., 8 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Shaw, Nathaniel, Jr.

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor Decr 8th 1780

                        On my arrival at New Windsor I was favored with your Letter of the 23d Novr enclosing Bills of expence
                            incurred in forwarding Dispatches between Rhode Island & Head Quarters, in consequence of my Letter of the 31st of
                            July last The Accts are delivered to Col. Pickering Qr M. G. with an Order for settlement, which will be done, as soon as
                            he shall receive any public money.
                        I have also to thank you for the trouble you have taken to procure & transmit intelligence; And am
                            with great regard Sir Your Most Obed. Servt


Title: From George Washington to John Stark, 8 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Stark, John

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor Decr 8th 1780

                        When I arrived at New Windsor I found your Letter of the 30th Ulto had been lying there several days for me.
                        In Answer to your request for leave of absence, I have to observe, there are so small a number of General
                            Officers with the Army, that the good of the service will not permit any further indulgences at this time—Whenever there
                            are more Officers than are absolutely necessary for the men in Camp, I shall be happy in attending to their convenience
                            & gratification, in this respect I am Dr Sr with gt regard &c.


Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 8 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan, Sr.

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor Decr 8th 1780

                        On my arrival at this place, I met with your Excellency’s favor of the 27th November, and immediately gave
                            Orders for the Returns which you request therein. They shall be transmitted to you, as soon as they are brought in. I have
                            given directions to Colonel Sheldon to make the Return of his Regiment immediately to you—I very much regret that the
                            requistion of Congress, for your quota of men, had not reached you in time, to have determined your Legislature upon
                            fixing the period of service, for the War. We are deciving ourselves, and keeping alive the hopes of our Enemy while we
                            levy an Army for a day short of the period of the dispute. I did not expect that the Recruits would be got into service,
                            at least in any considerable numbers, by the 1st of January—And rather than enter again into the fatal error of short
                            inlistments, I would prefer putting matters to some hazard during the Winter, to calling upon the States for a body of men
                            to serve between the 1st of January & the probable time of bringing the Levies into the field; because I am
                            certain it would operate against more permanent engagements.
                        What your Excellency proposes respecting the French Troops cannot be accomplished, (In confidence I say it)
                            they are thought by the French General & Admiral necessary; circumstanced as Matters are, to the security of their
                            Navy.
                        As soon as the near Arrangement of the Army is compleated—Your Excellency shall be furnished with a list of
                            the Officers. I have the honor to be Your Excellency’s Most Obedient & Hble Servant

                            Go: Washington

                            P.S. I recd Yours Pr Mr Buel and gave the necessary Orders upon the occasion.


Title: From George Washington to Virginia Gentlemen, 8 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Virginia Gentlemen

                        D Sir,
                            New Windsor. Decr 8th 1780

                        I have the pleasure of introducing to your acquaintance the Marquis de la Fayette a Majr Genl in the American Army and an officr of rank in those of France—This Genlrs family, Fortune & illustrious connections are alone sufficient to entitle him to our highest esteem & respect but when the obligation which america is under to him for his early attachment to her rights—his great zeal in, & powerful support of her cause are known I am perswaded it will give you pleasure to shew him every civility in your power.It is probable he may be accompanied by his Brother in law the Count de Noailles, & Count de Damas, two Gentn of Family fortune & Rank in the French Army at Rhode Island whose zeal to serve America leads them to make a Southern Campaign this winter—if they can obtain permission of the Count de Rochambeau Commanding the French Army at Rhode Island—should this event take place I beg leave to commend them also to your attention. With much esteem and regard I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obed. Servt

                            Go: Washington