Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jean-Claude Gorjy, 2 November 1777
From: Gorjy, Jean-Claude
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
A Paris ce 2. 9bre. 1777.
Ce que l’on me dit de votre honnêteté m’encourage à m’adresser à vous, quoique je n’aie pas l’honneur d’en être connu, pour vous prier de vouloir bien m’indiquer les sources où je pourrais puiser pour m’instruire des moeurs des colonies anglaises dans le plus grand détail qu’il se pourrait, surtout des quakers et des peuples les plus sauvages qui habitent ces contrées, ces instructions m’étant nécessaires pour un travail que j’entreprens. Je vous prie de pardonner mon indiscrétion, et d’être persuadé que rien n’égallera ma reconnaissance. J’ai l’honneur d’être avec tout le respect dû a vos talens, Monsieur, Votre très humble et très obeissant serviteur
Gorjy
  Secrétaire de M. Le Comte de Maillebois

Notation: Gorjy, Paris 2 9b. 77


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Holker, 4 November 1777
From: Holker, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

My Dear Sir
Rouen 4 of Nover 1777
It was with pleasure I Received yours, and had Just been in the Contry should have maid you an answer sooner. Shall take cair every thing is executed to your desire, as nothing can be more agreeable to me than that of being charged with every little commission you may stand in need of in theise quarters. How soon they arrive here they shall be forwarded to Messieurs Baudry & Boullogne giving them notes [notice] and sending you an account of the chargeis &c.
I hope everething is goeing on well, and to your Satisfaction in the Land of Liberty. It would be very flatering to me, If you would be so good as to Ingage some one of your Gentilmen to drope me a line now and then, when you had anething that youd chuse to be known to your friends in theise quarters, they being very anxious but non more than my Self.
I hope our Muteil friend Mr. Daine is well, it is a long time since I had a line from him. If he is in Paris scould him, as he ought not for get his old friends here. I am with Respects and Consideration Dear Sir yours on every occasion
J Holker

Endorsed: Jn Holker 4 Nov. 1777


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Comte de Sarsfield, 7 November 1777
From: Sarsfield, Guy-Claude, comte de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

friday 7th 9br 1777
Count Sarsfield is very unhappy in having failed to find mr. franklin at home So much the more that he is near Going to the country for about a fortnight. Begs the favour from mr. franklin that he Pleases to let him know by the way of the Penny post if he wants more mr. Gibbon’s history of the Roman Empire and Garma’s teatro de España. Mr. franklin may keep them if not Read as long as he pleases but mr. Sarsfield wants to know it as one of those Books do not belong to him and he desires to be able to give an account of it to the owner. He presents his best compliments to mr. Deane and to mr. [Wm.?] franklin.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur franklin


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from [James Theobald], 7 November 1777
From: Theobald, James
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir.
Lond. 7 Novr 77.
I take the Liberty of acquainting You by means of my Particular Freind Mr. James Joseph de Bay Manufactor of Lace in the New Street near the Play House at Brussells, That on the 27 past I Recieved a Letter from Miss Lydia B. of Preston Acquainting Us That on the 24 past She and her afflicted Sisters had the Misfortune to loose the very best of Mothers. She begged I would acquaint you if possible with this melancholy Event and to intreat you would break it to our Worthy and Esteemed Freind R. B. We have broke it to Her Dear Sister Anna Maria B in the tenderest manner we Could, she is at present inconsolable, but We hope Her Good Sence, and Time will alleviate her present Distress. Thank God: She as well as the Rest of her and our Family are all in good Health. The Miss A:M:B is with Us and desires to join with Us in most affectionate Compliments to You and Mr. R B wishing You both health and Happiness. I have the Honor to be My Dear Sir Your most obedient and most humble Servant.
Mrs. S. & Daughr. were well when we heard last of them.

Notation: Le Fevre London


Title: The Committee for Foreign Affairs to the American Commissioners, 8 November 1777
From: Committee for Foreign Affairs
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Gentlemen
York Town Pensylvania Novr. 8th. 1777
At the Time this will be delivered to you, Bills of Exchange will also be presented for your acceptance drawn by the Honble. Henry Laurens Esqr. of Charlestown S. Carolina who was elected President of the continental Congress on the first day of this month; of which we thought proper to give you this early information that you may duely honor his Draughts, the particulars of which we shall forward speedily by another opportunity, concluding with much Regard Gentlemen Your most humble Servants
Richard Henry LeeJames Lovell
Honble Messrs. Franklin Deane & Lee

Addressed: Honorable / Messrs: Franklin Deane & Lee / Commissioners from the United States / of America / Paris
Notations in different hands: Comittee of Foreign Affairs Novr 8. 77 / Shewn me by Dr Franklin the 18th of March 1778 A. Lee


Title: Jonathan Williams, Jr., to the American Commissioners, 8 November 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Honorable Gentlemen
Nantes Novemr 8. 1777.
Having carried to your Credit all the drafts I drew on Mr. Dean payable at M. Grands, and the Letter of Credit I gave, for the first purchase of the Lion, in favour of Peltier Du Doyer; I have desired M. Grand to observe the same Regularity, that our accounts may agree, and Since your Letter of Credit of the 18th Sept. I have drawn directly on M. Grand, and our Accounts are in conformity. Please therefore to give directions to M. Grand to pass all my Drafts previous to 18th Sept. and my Letter of Credit in favor Peltier Du Doyer, to your Account, we (M. Gr. and I) reckoning together from the 18th Sept. only. I have mentioned before that the Sum you appropriated to me will not incompass all my Engagements, for the Magazine now requires very heavy weekly payments (about 40 Louis every Saturday night) and the fitting the Lion as a Frigate takes up a great deal of money. I shall however take care to give you proper notice in time, and my Accounts will be ready to lay before you whenever required.
A Letter from St. Malo to a french Gentleman here mentions that a Packet Boat is arrived at Painpol which brings advice that Genl. Howe had landed in Chesapeak, but was obliged to reimbark with the loss of 2000 men. If there is any Truth in this account you must have it as the packet no doubt would forward an express, for my own part I am more inclined to wish, than believe it true. I have the Honour to be Gentlemen Your most obedient and most humble Servant
Jona Williams J

Addressed: The Honble The [torn] / of the United [torn] / Passy.
Notations in different hands: Mr. Williams Nov. 8 1777 / To Hon: Comr. U.S. / Credit not enough Accts. will be ready


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Anderson, 8 November 1777: résumé
From: Anderson, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<St. Malo, November 8, 1777: When I left Paris with M. de Purney’s agreement it seemed satisfactory, but it is not honored here. They refuse me the money to get ready for sea, and their falling short of their promise frees me to leave their service and enter the American, as I wanted to do when in Paris. Would you tell me whether M. Desegray here will advance me enough to get to Nantes, or to buy clothes so that I can sail in the French ships? I left a trunk of clothes six weeks ago for M. de Purney to forward, and now think he will not give himself the trouble.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Arthur Lee, 8 November 1777
From: Lee, Arthur
To: Franklin, Benjamin

On November 4 the commissioners learned that the King of Spain, enraged by an American capture of goods belonging to his subjects, had canceled a loan to the United States. Vergennes suggested, according to Arthur Lee’s journal, that a letter to Madrid from the commissioners would doubtless be effective; the King was as quick to forgive as he was to take offense. Franklin agreed to draft the letter, and produced it in response to Lee’s note below. Lee kept the draft overnight and suggested some changes, to which his colleagues agreed the next day. Still the letter did not go off; it eventually became the commissioners’ memorandum below, Nov. 23.

Challiot. Novr. 8th. 1777.
Mr. A. Lee’s Compts. to Dr. Franklin. After seeing him yesterday evening Mr. Lee receivd a note from Mr. Chaumont to inform him that an Express woud part for Spain this morning, of which Mr. Lee coud not avail himself not knowing whether the Letter for that Court is finishd. Mr. Lee thinks the Ambassador’s Courier goes on monday, by whom it may be sent with safety. If Dr. Franklin will have the goodness to bring it with him today, it may be signd, and Mr. Lee will take care of the rest. N.B. Mr. Lee coud not find the Letters Dr. Franklin mentiond.

Addressed: The Honble / Benjamin Franklin / Passi


Title: The American Commissioners to Franco and Adrianus Dubbeldemuts, [10 November 1777]
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur
To: Dubbeldemuts, Franco,Dubbeldemuts, Adrianus

Gentlemen
[November 10, 1777]
We had the honor of receiving in due time your Letters of the 30th. of Octr. last, together with the Papers annexd.
It gives us much concern to find that any persons belonging to America shoud be chargeable with having acted with such violence and injustice. But as it appears they have sent with the Vessel the Papers which will prove the illegality of their proceeding, we think you may rest satisfyd that the Courts in America to which they must apply will not condemn her.
We shall send the Papers you have transmitted to us, to Congress, and upon your making a reclamation, you will receive justice, and be reinstated with your damages agreable to the tenor of the security given by all armed vessels belonging to the States of America before they are permitted to cruize. We have the honor to be Gentlemen Your most obedient humble Servants
To Messrs F & A Dubbeldemuts Merchants in Rotterdam

Notations in different hands: Answer to Dutch Merchants / Answer to Dutch Merchants


Title: William Lee to the American Commissioners, 10 November 1777
From: Lee, William
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Gentlemen
Chaillot 10 Nov. 77
In consequence of the Instructions to me from the Honorable Congress of the United States of America I am to request that you will be pleased to furnish me with a copy of the Treaty, originally proposed by Congress to be entered into with France together with the subsequent alterations which have been proposed on either side. As my instructions came inclosed to you for perusal and delivery, you cannot be strangers to their contents, therefore shall be particularly obliged by your giving me any information that you may think will tend to forward the wishes of Congress in appointing me their Commissioner to the Courts of Vienna and Berlin especially that you would advise which of those Courts it would be most proper for me to visit first. You having already told me that Congress has omitted to direct what fund is to supply my expences and appointment, I have only to request on that head that you will be so good as to take notice of that Omission in your next dispatches. I am etc.
B.F. S.D. & A.L.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Patience Wright, 10 November 1777
From: Wright, Patience
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honord Sir,
London Pall-mall Nvbr 10th 1777
As much depends on Seartain and Early Inteligence I send you a Copy of the letter Sent out to the ministeriel myromidons about the meeting of Parlement.
“Sir you are requested to attend at the cokpitt on wendsday Evening at 7 oclok being the ninetenth, 19th Instant.” Not-Withstanding the Circulating letter the Runnir and [is?] ordid to say the parlement will not meett untill more explicit acount comes from Ld. How, by a vesel sent for that purpose to bring Inteligens &c. This deception has gave meney of the wise English membrs to go on ther pleasures some one way some to ther Contry seats, that by thir means only about 50 membrs will attend at the cokpitt nor be ready at the House to apose the renewil of the aCursed act that keeps poor Platt confind in Newgate with others of our Contry men. For god Sake and for the Honor of human nature don’t suffer Ld. Stormont or any other tools in power to prevent that Exchange of prisioners that you so nobly and honourable did perpose [propose] to him. The people of England now are Caut in ther own net Pray Have Mercy on them. Shew them that America is Bless’d with wisdom Power Mercy and those godlike atributes that will convince the whole World it is better to Joyne them. A number of men of fortune are getting their afairs Ready to Embark to america to bye land and settel ther. I the [this?] moment have had the favr of a visit a french gentlman and Lady who Informd me per a Interperter that they would be much Pleasd to Carry a letter to doctr Frankling. At the same time Miss Wilks Desird that I would send her Fathers most hearty wishes and a offer of his best Services to go to america if he could serve the glorious Cause of human nature, which is now in drestress. Mr. [Miss?] Wilks present her respectful Complents to the doctr and wishes this Hint to be laid before Mrs. Wrights Friend now in France and will be very glad to have an answer.
Ther is a number of worthy young men now waiting and looking out to serve ther Contry.
My not having the pleasur of a line from any of my honourable Contrymen now in Franc gives me no small mortification as I say with truth my asistanc has been more metereal then they can possable Imagien. But time the great unfoldr of secrets will set my conduct in a Light that will make it a Favour to carospond with
P. Wright.

This is the 5th lettr I have wrot to Dr. Frankling and meny other to mr. Scayrs [Sayre], Bankcroft &c. none of which I have Recd. any answr.
Mrs. Wright most respectful Complnts to dr. Frankling and hopes he is well, and most humbly begs some direction how to proced concerning mr. Platt as his situation is now dredful. His Friends grow tird he has no money he will very soon Suffer. His letter to america are not yet ens[wered]. His friend in London have not it in the powr to help him, Sume hundreds are now in the greatst Poverty.

Addressed: For / Doctr Frankling
Notation: Mrs Wright


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 11 November 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear and honored Sir,
Nantes Nov. 11. 1777.
Your Favour of the 23d Octo. I did not receive ’till the day before yesterday owing I suppose to M. Montieu’s return to Paris. As to the Prizes I am very much afraid that we are on all hands deceived for while M. C was amused with the Idea of returning them to us orders were absolutely given to confiscate, and after that, when he was again amused with the Scheme of selling at public Sale and then reimbursing us the amount, orders were given to make a present of the whole to the English and the Captains are actualy about fitting their Vessells to take the Sugar and Rum again on board; this may be reconciled to Policy perhaps, but I am sure it cannot be reconciled to common Honesty and I am afraid they have very little of that in any of their proceedings. As I write this without fear of Interception I speak my Sentiments thus freely and I cannot avoid saying that I have so little Confidence in anything that has been hitherto promised that I do not feel an expectation of ever getting anything.

I have informed you in my Letter to Mr. Dean to day of the Difficulties we have now encounter with which is another proof of the little weight we have with the government here. I beg Sir you will tell me whether there is a prospect of my getting my advances repaid, this is as much as I can now indulge an expectation of. I am ever with the greatest Respect and affection Your dutifull Kinsman
J Williams J
I must in justice to Capt Nicholson express my Satisfaction in his Conduct and prudence since we have had to do with each other.

Addressed: Doctor Franklin LLD / Passy.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from James Babson, 12 November 1777
From: Babson, James
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Bilboa Novembr th 12, 1777.
This Days post from Nantes brought me the Disagrable a Counts of the sea prises tacking by me and Capt. Kendrick to be Condemed to yours [use] of the King France. I Cannot se on what grounes or authority thay have for so Doing, as I had agood Commision for tacking of saiad Shipes; I Neiver thought of their Doing aney thing futher than sanding them out again &c. I Cant help thincking if the Court of France New how fair I am Now Distressed thay would Bealive me at this time Sir I Left Nantes as Mr. Williames thought it bettor that I should be out of the way. I Continued Crausing Till the Second of this month my Stores being almost out was oblige to Cum to this port. I have Now Forty Eight Seamon besides offissers Down with the Small pox and No frind Nor a farthing to supply my Self with Stores to proced on another Crause when my peple have Recovord their Sickness. The Ship thay have tacking from me has ben my hool Dependence to fit my Vessell for a Nother Crause But Sir with oute Sum Reliaf must lay up my Vessell.
It is Not In my power to Right the gentlemen oaners of my Vessell the afair as I No Not on what foundashon thay have for tacking the Ships from us and Sir must beg you would favour me with a line and am Sir your Obedient and Very Humble Sorvant
James Babson
Mr Beniamon Francklon Esqr

Addressed: To / Beniamen Franklen Esqr / In / Paris
Notations: Cap. Babson’s Letter to Doctr. Franklin / Inclosed in Novr. 30th. 1777


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Francois Gianolio, 12 November 1777: résumé
From: Gianolio, François
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Turin, November 12, 1777, in French: I have long wanted to establish commercial contact with America, but am unable to go there; so I am asking your assistance. Congress, I know, has established agents in Europe for importing American and exporting European products; and I should like to be added to this fortunate group. America has plenty to offer northern Italy in the way of medicinal herbs, furs, minerals, etc., and to receive in the way of silk cloth, thread, ribbons, etc. Here is the center of the silk trade, and twenty years in the business, working on my own or on commission, have equipped me to be useful in selling what is sent me or in shipping what is manufactured locally. If Congress is unwilling to engage in such commerce, I should be grateful to have you put me in touch with merchants in the United States.>


Title: William Bingham to the American Commissioners, 14 November 1777
From: Bingham, William
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Gentlemen
St. Pierre M/que Novem 14th 1777
I have been prevented from having the honor of writing to you for some considerable time past, as an Embargo has been laid upon all Shipping bound to Europe, in Consequence of some Dispatches, which the General received from France.
I vainly hoped that it would be a Forerunner to a Commencement of Hostilities, but it is now taken off; and there seems to be no appearance of such an Event taking Place in a short time.
Inclosed I have the honor to convey you, several Gazettes, which will inform you of the latest Intelligence that I have received from America; except, what has arrived here this Day from St. Eustatius in a Letter, a Copy of which you will please to find herewith. Several other Letters (one from America) likewise mention the Loss of Philadelphia. These Letters seem rather founded on Reports, than on a full and clear Knowledge of the Fact; but the Reports of this unfortunate Event are conveyed thro such a Variety of Channels, that the most incredulous can hardly doubt it; and presumptive Proof in this Case, almost amounts to positive.
Altho to a Mind open to Conviction every Circumstance will have Room to operate, yet I would willingly persuade myself that this disastrous Piece of News is premature.
Should Genl. Washington have been again repulsed, I think his Army could not have behaved with that Bravery, which should distinguish Troops, to whom the Defence of a City that was the Seat of the Congress, and the Pride of America, was committed; neither do I think they have acted with that Vigour and Effect, which might be expected in a Band of Freemen, voluntarily engaging in the noblest of Causes, and contending for all that is dear and valuable.
The unremitting Attention of Genl. Howe has been engaged, and the full exertion of his Forces has been bent, towards this one Object. From the Moment he landed his Troops at the Head-of-Elk, he has advanced with great Rapidity, and with well concerted Movements.
Perhaps the Advantages he will derive from this important Acquisition, are rather specious, than real, rather splendid, than substantial. It may perhaps raise the drooping Spirits of the Ministry and their Friends, and facilitate their Designs in Europe; it may perhaps spread Despondency and Dejection thro the Minds of some of the timid and irresolute in America; but whilst our free and independent Spirit is not humbled, whilst our Strength is still unbroken, and whilst the same Vigor continues in our Councils and our usual Ardor in the Field, we certainly have no Reason to apprehend any great Danger.
Rouzed by the Progress of the British Forces, and Stimulated by Resentment for the destructive Rage of Howe’s Army, and the wanton and merciless Barbarity of Burgoynes, the People of America will rise as a Man to save themselves from such a cruel scourge.
If we turn our Eyes towards Canada and the North, we shall find Matter of Consolation for the Miscarriages of the South; Genl. Gates has pushed on his operations with unlook’d-for Success, and in all Probability will soon drive the Enemy out of that Quarter.
Should a Confirmation of this News arrive I shall duly transmit it to you.
I have forwarded the Stores &c. from Dunkirk, in several armed Vessels bound for Portsmouth and Connecticut. I have the honor to be with due Respect Gentlemen Your obedient humble Servant
Wm. Bingham

Notation: Wm: Bingham Esqr Lettr Martiniqe 14th Novr. 1777


Title: William McCreery to the American Commissioners, [c. 14 November 1777]
From: McCreery, William
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Gentlemen
[c. November 14, 1777]
A Prize having been lately made between the Mouth of this River, and the Lighthouse call’d Cordovan, by an American Privateer, and a Letter of Marque; which has occasion’d much talk at this place, much censure to me, as part owner of the latter, and many Letters to the English Ambassador; the purport of which I understand, is, that I, as an owner, shou’d be made responsable for Said Prize. I humbly crave the Liberty to relate to you, in as few words as I can express it, the real State of the case.
I arrived at this place on the 3d. of September last in the above mention’d Letter of Marque, call’d the Swallow, John Martin Master, Navigated by himself, his Mate, and Eight foremast Men. From that time to the latter end of October the Vessel was detain’d by repairs, and by my going to Paris and afterwards collecting such Goods as I wanted for American consumption. On the 30th. Ulto. I gave him his Sailing Orders and his being deep loaded with valuable Goods, only Eight Men, some of whom were sick I was sensible that if he cruized for the enemys Ships, he must inevitably loose the Vessel, their Ships being at present cheifly Arm’d, and certainly better Mann’d than he is. I therefore gave him express orders to proceed immediatly for America, and avoid speaking any Vessels on the passage. He left this place the 1st. Inst. and by various accidents was detain’d in the River untill the 11th. when he wrote me by the Pilot who carried him out, that Six of his Eight Men had contracted disorders at Bordeaux which then renderd them allmost incapable of doing Ships Duty, and that he was going out in Company with Capt. Hart, who promised to conduct him 700 Leagues to the Westward.
By what Captn. Hawkins (late Master of the Prize) His People, and the Pilot, have said, it appears to me, that they fell in with this Vessel about Nine or Ten Leagues from the Land, and gave her chase, that when she got near the Land Captain Hart obliged Captain Martain to take a Number of his People on board the Swallow, and follow her amongst the Shoals, which he very imprudently did in the first place breaking his orders, and, exposing the Vessel and Cargo to very great danger in a place where he had no acquaintance of the Channel.
Tho’ it must appear quite plane to every impartial Man, that I am not in the least censurable in this affair, I understand that great pains have been taken to make me appear quite culpable, especially to the English Ambassador at Paris, who, no doubt, will, or has, made application to the Minister, and he, perhaps, to render some satisfaction, may give orders for my imprisonment: I have therefore, most humbly to entreat, that, shou’d such a procedure take place, you will be so good as to interpose on my behalf, and urge these reasons for my enlargement.
Exclusive of any bad consequences that may arise to me from this disagreeable affair It gives me much concern that any of our Vessels shou’d attempt making a Prize, so near to any French Port, as it is in reallity breaking the Neutrality of that Port, and may eventualy prove the loss of its trade to us. All that I can offer in their excuse, is that they had a pressident from the Enemy in the instance of the three Carolina Ships, and I believe did not know the regulation in regard to the distance that Captures might be made. I have the Honor to be, with the greatest respect Gentlemen Your most Obedient and very Humble Servant
Will McCreery

P.S. The Portsmouth Cap: Hart was Arm’d with 22 Carriage Guns 14 Swivells and 110 Men. The Swallow, of about 25 Tons had Four Small Hawitzer Mounted as Swivells, and as many Swivells.
Honorable B. Franklin, S. Deane, & A. Lee Esqrs. Commissioners at Paris

Notation: McCreery no Date


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Barbeu-Dubourg, 14 November 1777
From: Barbeu-Dubourg, Jacques
To: Franklin, Benjamin

14e. 9bre. 1777.
Je vous prie, Mon cher Maitre, d’accorder un moment d’audience a Monsieur henry Du Bois Negociant d’Amsterdam, qui a des choses tout a fait interessantes a vous communiquer, et que j’espere que vous ne serez pas faché de connoitre. J’ai l’honneur de vous souhaiter le bonjour et de vous renouveller les assurances de mon parfait attachement
Dubourg

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur franklin / A Passy
Notation: Dubourg 14. 9b. 77


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Aimé(or Amé)-Ambroise-Joseph Feutry, 14 November 1777
From: Feutry, Aimé-Ambroise-Joseph
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Ce vendredi matin 14. 9bre. 1777
Feutry a l’honneur d’annoncer à Monsieur Franklin que, dans Le mercure de france de ce mois de novembre, 1777, page 105 et suivantes, on y parle du bon homme Richard avec l’intérêt qu’il mérite, et qu’on appelle cet opuscule aureum Libellum. Si feutry avoit osé, il y eut joint ses commandemens de l’honnête homme; mais il a craint de mettre une petite piece de monnoye de cuivre à coté d’un ducat, dont l’or est le plus pur. Il assure Monsieur Franklin de son respect et de sa gratitude.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Franklin / à Passy / Ruault


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jacques J. De Baÿ, 15 November 1777
From: Baÿ, Jacques J. de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Bruxelles Le 15 9bre 1777.
C’est a mon ami Mr. Theobald de Londres, que j’ai l’obligation d’entrer avec vous en Connoissance, mais je suis faché que je la Commence, en vous apprenant une triste nouvelle, qui est la mort de Madame Bache, decedée Le 24 du mois passé a Preston, laquelle suivant que me mande mon susdit ami, etoit la mere de L’epoux de Madame votre fille. Je vous rapporte cette Circonstance pour que vous soiés assuré de ma personne, et pour que vous puissies m’addresser vos lettres avec Confiance, en Cas que vous fassies reponse a votre ami Theobald, qui certainement se sert de mon entremise, pour vous faire parvenir sa lettre;  meut Egard aux circonstances presentes, j’ai donc L’honneur de vous dire qu’elle vous sera rendue par mon ami Mr. Guyot, rue du Roulle a la ville de courtray a paris, de meme que la presente, vous reiterant Mr. que vous pouves m’addresser sous mon Couvert directement par La poste votre reponse pour vos amis, j’aurai soin de les acheminer a leur destination.
Je profite de Cette occasion pour vous annoncer que je suis fabriquant de toutes sortes de dentelles, s’ils se presentoient quelques moiens de vous etre utile, ou a vos amis, je vous prie de m’honorer de vos ordres, et de me Croire avec la plus parfaite Consideration Monsieur Votre tres humble serviteur
Jaques J. De Baÿfabriquant de Dentellesgrande rue Neuve pres La Commedie

Notation: de Baÿ, Bruxelles 15 9b. 77


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Martha Johnson, 15 November 1777
From: Johnson, Martha
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honoured sir
London Novbr 15th 1777
I take this opertunety to inquier after your helth and should have Done it much sooner had I have known how. But the time I wrot to Jonathon the gentelman who took it told me he was not Cartain he should Be premited to Carrey it or I should have wrot to you at the same time. I hope when you heard from America last all our frinds are in good helth altho in a grate Deal of troble poor soals I am grately Destred for them and wish with all my soal the war was at an End that they might live once more in peace and quietness. It would Be the gratest happeyness I Could injoy to hear they ware once more Easey and happey altho I never Exspect to see aney of them again, for I look on my self as a poor forsakeen wanderer who has no mortal to Enquier after me to see whether I am Dead or alive and have none Round me that would show me the lest favor unless thay have an Intrest in it. But at present they Can git But very littel By me for I am Obbliged to worke very hard and Can But just git the Common Necessarys of life. I have some thoughts of going into a famely as housekeeper if I Can meet with a good place as I know my self very Capeable as haveing lived in that station for sevral years and gave grate sattisfaction to those I sarved.
I have had the pleasuer of seeing my son this summer he got leve to Come to town for a week only and then Returned to his ship. You would Be surprised to see how he is grown. He is very near as tall as Jonathon and is as good a son as Ever was Born But he is still no higher than a midshipman and I am afraid will Be forced to remain there for want of frinds to Raise him. He Desierd me to give his Duty to you. A Lady of your Acquantance one mrs. Walker in Cavendish Squer found me out By Chance and Came to see me on heareing I was your niece and profesed a grate frindship for you and said she was suprised she had not heard of me while you was in town for if she had she should have Desiered you to have Broght me to see her. But asked me very kindly to her house. I Returned her viset and was Recived very kindly By her and mr. Walker who Borth profesed a Desier to sarve me if they knew how and at Sameys arival in town I took the Liberty to wate on them and to Bag the favor of thir intrest in giting him promoted as a Lutenant. Mrs. Walker has promised to write to the admiral on his account. But as they are Borth ignorant of his miret it may Detare them from Being so ready to sarve him. But when you write again to mr. Walker I should Esteam it as a perticuler favor you will mention me or my Dear Boy as you [think?] fit as desarving thire frindship as [torn] it would Be the only step towards [torn and illegible] and as he has no other way of gaining [?] his Bread and is a Good seaman it would make me very Happey to have him in a more advanced station. Poor nancy has lost her husband and is still at Barbadoes but I Exspect her next year. If it is not too much troble let me Bag the favor of a line and nothing would give me more pleasuer then to hear of your health and Happeyness. My paper is too small to add aney more so must Conclude Dear Sir your affectionate niece
Martha Johnson
PS pleas to Direct for me at No. 11 fountain Court Strand love to Jonathon & Tempel

Addressed: Docter Franklin / Paris
Notation: Martha Johnson


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Arthur Lee, 16 November 1777
From: Lee, Arthur
To: Franklin, Benjamin

What elicited this letter, as witness the second notation, was one from Dr. John Berkenhout, a shadowy figure who hoped to be Whitehall’s emissary for exploring peace terms, and had initiated a correspondence with Lee on that subject the previous August. Berkenhout’s letter is unsigned and undated, though it refers to news reaching London on November 11; and only the first paragraph is relevant. It is in quotation marks and headed “Conversationi.” Lee takes it to be a conversation that the physician had heard in the cabinet, but it was much more probably one reported to him. It reads:
“Our friends at Paris assure us, that Dr. F. and A. L. do not draw together: if so what good can arise from any conversation or private Negotiation with a divided House? Besides the overture should come from them, and not from us. It must not be said in Europe that we solicited for peace. Our honour must be preserved at all events. We doubt of Dr. F’s having power to treat, tho’ we admit that his advice woud have some influence beyond the Atlantic. Has he ever given any hint that your going over would answer any purpose? Do you know any thing of their plan? Have they any plan? Are their terms such as we can possibly accept? Are they prepard to talk with you on the Subject? What prospect have you of succeading, in any degree to our satisfaction?”
If Franklin received this letter, he presumably acquiesced in the reply that it sketches. “The Conversation is senseless,” Lee wrote Berkenhout on November 19, “There is not a shadow of foundation for the supposition that Dr. F. and A L. do not draw together. They are neither intrusted nor inclind to make overtures. Neither is the honor of a certain people their affair. They who are in most need of finishing what if they had been wise or honorable they woud never have began, must make overtures. The prospect of succeeding will be in exact proportion to the wisdom and justice of the offers from your side.”

Dear Sir
Chaillot Novr. 16. 1777
I send you the enclosed letter in answer to mine on the proposed negotiation. It contains the conversation he heard in the cabinet. If you think proper I shall answer that there is no foundation for supposing any disagreemt between you and me, that if they wait for propositions coming from us they deceive themselves, as we are not solicitous about treating with them, and that their honor and satisfaction is their affair not ours. It seems to me that treating them cavilierly is most likely to do service by making them despair of their undertaking. I am satisfied that no principle but fear will ever operate upon them.
The two first lines of this Information joined with a Variety of Information I have recd. to the same Purpose have given me much uneasiness. Great Industry I am sure has been used to propagate this Report during my absence in Germany and it appears with Success. I beg and hope for your advice how to discover the authors and prevent the Consequences both to the public and myself. I have the honor to be Dear Sir
Arthur Lee
To Doctr. Franklin

Notations in different hands: A. Lee to B. Franklin Nov. 16th 1777. / A. Lee communicates Berkenhout’s Letter to Doctr. Franklin


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to [La Rochefoucauld], 17 November 1777
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: La Rochefoucauld, Louis-Alexandre, duc de La Roche-Guyon et de

Passy, Nov. 17. 1777
I return the Carolina Constitution which I have carefully perused.
I have the Pleasure to inform you that the Amphitrite is arrived at l’Orient from Charlestown, which she left the 21st of September. She has brought us a good Cargo of Rice and Indigo, but no News, except that one of our Fregates in a Cruize of 5 Days from that Port had brought in 4 Prizes, 3 of them from Jamaica and very rich. I have the honour to be, with the highest Esteem, Your Grace’s most obedient and most humble Servant
B. Franklin


Title: Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric Dumas to the American Commissioners, 18 November 1777
From: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Messieurs,
La Haie 18e. Nov. 1777
J’ajouterai à l’incluse pour Mr. G——— Grd. (que je laisse ouverte, pour que vous la lisiez aussi), quelques anecdotes, qui pourront plus ou moins vous servir.
On m’a assuré qu’il se forme en Zélande (l’une de ces Provinces), une Compagnie de Marchands pour négocier directement avec le Continent de l’Am. septentrionale.
Item que Mr. le Grand-Pensionaire de la Prov. d’Hollande est fort irrité contre les Anglois.
Le cadet des jeunes gens qui ont été mes derniers Eleves, étant devenu Cornette dans un Régiment de Cavalerie Hollandoise, sa mere en le présentant ces jours passé à Sir J[oseph] Y[orke] lui dit qu’elle espéroit de l’offrir au Service du Roi d’Angleterre quand il sauroit son mêtier. Son Gouverneur ne voudra jamais le lui permettre, répondit le Chevalier. Le Facteur, à qui j’ai conté cela, l’a trouvé fort plat.
On m’a adressé ces jours passés trois Seigneurs Lithuaniens, pour satisfaire leur curiosité à La Haie, Delft, Rotterdam, Gouda et Leide. Nous avons beaucoup parlé de l’Amérique. Je vous rendrai compte de l’entretien dans une de mes suivantes.
Voici la Lettre soi-disant traduite du Hollandois. Je serois bien aise d’apprendre si vous êtes contents, Messieurs, du Lambeau que j’ai mis à sa tête, et du tour que j’ai donné à cela.
J’ajoute un bout de la Gazette de Leide, où j’ai fait insérer l’article de la Gazette de Maryland, concernant Mr. R. H. Lee.
La poste part. Il ne me reste que l’instant de vous assurer du tendre respect avec lequel je suis, Messieurs, Votre très humble et très obéissant serviteur
CGF. Dumas

Des Lettres de France nous font accroire que le Genl. Howe seroit fait prisonnier. Je viens de recevoir la Lettre de Mr. Lee du 12e. de ce mois. Je remplirai ses vues de mon mieux.
  Paris à Mrs les Commissionaires Plénipotentiaires des Etats unis de l’Amérique sept.

Notation: DuMas, Lahaie, 18 9b. 77.


Title: J. Rocquette, T. A. Elsevier, & P. Th. Rocquette to the American Commissioners, 18 November 1777
From: Rocquette, Jacques, Elsevier, T. A., & Rocquette, Pieter Th.
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Gentlemen!
Rotterdam 18 novembr 1777.
Give us leave to make you, under cover of our most Intimate Friends Messrs. Fco. and Ads. Dubbeldemuts, the offer of our most devoted Services, nothing Should be more flattering for us, than to Enter into correspondance with you and to be favour’d with your commands. Be assured that your intrest, or that of the congrés, cannott be placed into better hands, you may inquire aboutt the Solidity of our house att the principall Bankers at Paris. Especially att Messrs. vandenyver freres & Compe. with who we are in relation Since great many years. We flatter ourselfs that the Testimony that shall be given Shall be in our favour, and if you make a tryal you’ll be best convinced of our manner of dealing; carolina Rice sells now 37½ to[?] 38 shillings per hundredweight Indigo 40. 50. 60. to 70 Styvers per pound according to quality. The Good, and best Coper’d [Coopered] are the Sorts most liked. The inferior kinds are almost unsaleable; Tobacco Sells now 9¾ to 10¼ stÿver per pound. We have Lately recd. Large parcells of all these comodities from our Islands, which we are Selling att that rate; we should be very proud to receive some consignment directly from North America, and begg leave to desire your intercession in our behalf att the Congres, and by your private Friends, we dare Say we might procure a very favourable Sale of Same; at Least would we Employ our best endeavours to that End. If you wanted any coarse cloth, Linnen, cordage, or any other comodities we are able to procure you Same on the best Terms.
In hopes you’ll nott take our boldness to write to you, amiss, butt that you’ll favour us with your valuable Correspondance and Protection. We remain with the Most respectfúll Regard. Gentlemen! your verÿ humble Servants
J. Rocquétte,T. A. Elsevier, &P. Th. Rocquétte

P.S: Messrs. Dubbeldemuts will entretain you about one Mr. Samuel Cútler and Mr. Wm. Morris, to who we have given a Letter of recommandation for our friend at Antwerp, desiring him to dispatch these persons by the best and Less Expensive way to Paris. We’ll be glad to hear theÿr arrival.
Messrs. B: Franklin Silas Deane Arthur Lee at Passÿ near Paris

Addressed: Messieúrs / Messrs. B: Franklin / Silas Deane /& / Arthür Lee / à / Passÿ prés de / Paris.
Notations in different hands: 18th. Novr. 1777 Messrs. Roquette &c Lettr / Messrs. Rocquette & Co. Amsterdam—asking for business &c.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 20 November 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear and Honored Sir.
Nantes Nov. 20. 1777
I recd. your Favour by the Count d’Attems. I should be happy to procure him a Passage on the Terms desired but know of no way of doing it unless he goes on board one of the Frigates at L’orient; but even there it will not be without expence as he has not any money for his daily subsistence. I cannot say anything of the Lion to him, as I must even deny having anything to do with that Ship; I never liked lying but it must be excuseable when our Country’s Cause requires it.
As Capts. Thompson and Hindman are with you the best way will be to get an order from one of them to receive him on board. After this it will be necessary to pay the Debt he will unavoidably contract at the Inn and his Expences round to L’orient. I am ever most dutifully and affectionately Yours.
J Williams J

[In the margin:] I don’t write to Billy often because I have in general as much as I can turn my hand to, but please to lay your Commands on him to write me every article of News as fast as any arrives. Good and constant Information might sometimes save 2 or 3 per Ct in an Insurance.
Addressed: a monsieur. / Monsieur Franklin


Title: The American Commissioners to the Delaps, 21 November 1777
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur
To: Delap, Samuel,Delap, Jean-Hans

Gentlemen
Paris Novr 21. 1777.
We are informed that the Ship Portsmouth, which left Bourdeaux a few days since, made Prize of a Vessel from Cork entering the River, with a Pilot onboard and after she had got into the Passage of Grave.
This is the Captain’s Story, on which his complaint is founded. We ask you to enquire into the particulars of this Transaction and send us the Pilots Account of it Attested. Several American Vessels have been taken in the Course of the last Season by the English near the Coasts of France and one or more as we have been informed in near the same Circumstances; You will oblige us by enquiring how near the Land American Ships have been taken bound to your Port and sending us the Account. We are with much Esteem &c.
B.F.S.D.

The Pilots Name is Doussier of Royan a Copy of the Declaration made at the Admiralty is wanted if it can be obtained.
  Messrs. Delaps


Title: The American Commissioners to Jonathan Williams, Jr., 21 November 1777
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur
To: Williams, Jonathan Jr.

Sir
Paris Novr. 21. 1777.
You are desired to get from Capt. Adams a particular Account of his being taken, in which he must ascertain as exact as is in his Power at what distance he was from the Coast of France when he was first Chased and when he was actually taken. He must make oath to his narration and send it up to us by the first Courier. If you have knowledge of other Vessels taken by English Ships of War near the Coast of France I wish you to enquire into the particulars of their Capture, and at what distance it may have happened and send up the Account to the Commissioners. I am &c.
SD
Mr Williams


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Edward Bancroft, [21 November 1777]
From: Bancroft, Edward
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir,
Fryday Morning [November 21, 1777]
Mr. Hodge is just arived from Dunkirk and Mr. Deane intreats that you will immediatly come to Town on Business of very great importance. I am most respectfully Your most Humble and most Devoted Servant
Edwd. Bancroft


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ——— Guérin, 21 November 1777: résumé
From: Guérin, ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Rue du Faubourg-Montmartre, November 21, 1777, in French: I came to present you the enclosed memorandum. M. Dalibard would have done so himself but, the matter being urgent and perhaps useful to Congress, advised me to deliver it myself, and assured me that he would ask you for an appointment so that he could support it. May I have an answer in order to tell my son of your decision?>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from R. Hamilton, 21 November 1777: résumé
From: Hamilton, R.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Paris, November 21, 1777, in English: Excuse this trouble from a young man unknown to you, who has come from London to consult you about his future. I am a clothier, without the capital to establish myself in Britain, and have decided to try America. Enclosed are my thoughts on how to begin wool manufacture there. If you can find time to look them over before Sunday morning, I will call on you then. Your approval will fulfil my highest expectation from the journey; your recommendation to American acquaintances will virtually assure my success. As no one has less claim on your favor, so no one will be more grateful for it.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Stewart, 21 November 1777
From: Stewart, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
London 21st. Novemr 1777
Having formerly had the honor of your acquaintance whilst you resided amongst us in London, I take the liberty of addressing a few lines to you (not on the subject of Politics, for in that we unfortunately differ) but as a Philanthropist, who is always ready to give every relief in his power to his fellow creatures in all cases of distress.
In one of our Newspapers of this week it is asserted that you had reccomended the use of Tobacco ashes to the Physicians at Paris in the cases of an Ascites, an Anasarca, an Oedema and every Species of Hydropical Complaint, That they in consequence had made many Experiments and that all of them had been followed by a Surprizing and Speedy cure. Now Sir, as I have been for several months troubled with Oedematous Complaints which of late seem inclinable to grow into an Anasarca I should be glad to know if there be any truth in this Article of News, and if true, what proportion of these ashes goes to a dose and how often to be taken in the twenty four hours, for hitherto all the Prescriptions of our most eminent Physicians have proved ineffectuall, tho’ I must at the same time in justice say that Dr. Dominicetti at Chelsea tho’ reckoned a Quack has given me some relief and diminished the most alarming Symptoms by his fumigating Baths in the short Tryal I have given him lately.
Your Answer directed to me at my old place of Abode in Buckingham Street, York Buildings will be esteemed a very particular favor, by one who is very respectfully Sir Your most obedient humble Servant
John Stewart

Addressed: To / Dr Franklyn / Paris
Notation: John Stewart London


Title: The American Commissioners: Memorandum for the French and Spanish Courts, 23 November 1777
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur
To:

This memorandum had been in preparation for more than a fortnight. On the 8th Franklin had made the original draft, now lost, and Lee had suggested changes that his colleagues accepted; on the 9th the document was ready to be copied and signed. For some reason, however, it was held up. Ferdinand Grand, Lee learned, had also made suggestions, and was surprised not to have had the draft returned to him to show to the Spanish Ambassador. On the 20th Lee heard from Franklin that the memorandum had already been sent off, and was furious at not having been consulted. The document had in fact gone not to Madrid but to Vergennes for his approval. On the 21st the commissioners learned that a privateer had taken an English ship in French territorial waters, and that the French court was as incensed as the Spanish. Lee thereupon proposed that the same memorandum be sent to Versailles, and his colleagues agreed. They all signed it on that day, but it was not yet in final form. Vergennes objected to one passage, which asked that neutral powers exercise admiralty jurisdiction over prizes taken near their coasts. Although the commissioners had been instructed to make the request, they doubtless knew it would not be granted. They deleted it without demur, and on the 23rd signed and delivered the memorandum.

Paris, Novr. 23. 1777.
The Commissioners from the United States of America are extreamly concerned to understand that the Courts of Spain and France are offended with said States, on Account of the taking of the French Ship Fortune by an American Privateer, which Ship was bound from England to Cadiz, and is represented to have had Spanish Property on board. The Commissioners are confident that nothing can be more distant from the Intention of the said States than that their Subjects should profit by making such Prizes (as they have no War with those Nations but consider them as real Friends,) and have moreover the greatest personal Respect for their most Christian and Catholic Majesties, with the strongest Desire of meriting and cultivating their Friendship. The purpose of the Congress in commissioning armed Vessels, as well as the Measures taken in their several States by establishing Courts of Admiralty to prevent or remedy irregular Captures (in which Courts all Prizes brought there are to suffer a regular Trial) appears on the Face of the Commissions granted, an authentic Copy whereof is hereunto annexed, By which Commission also it will appear that the Congress have not authorized any Act that may be contrary to the Law of Nations. The Commissioners tho’ they have no Concern or Correspondence with the Captain who took the Prize in question, are of Opinion, that knowing it to be a common Practice with English Merchants to cover their Property in Ships bound to Spain under the Names of Spanish Subjects, he might conceive the Goods consigned to Cadiz from London in the Fortune were of that kind; and that it was therefore right to have a Trial on them by sending the Ship to Boston, where it is not doubted but that the Ship will be discharged and her Freight and Damages paid, as belonging to France, and the Goods reclaimed, or their Value on the Proofs appearing that they belong to Subjects of Spain, be delivered to the Claimers. By this means only the Irregularities and Inconveniences of such Captures, (which in no War can possibly be entirely prevented) will be rectified and remedied. And in this Confidence the Commissioners hope the Displeasure conceived against their Country on the present Occasion will subside, and that the United States will obtain and preserve the Favour of their Catholick and most Christian Majesties which of all things is most earnestly desired. They also submit it to consideration whether the Appointment of an Agent or Consul to reside in America and take care of the Interests of the Merchants of these Nations, by making Reclamations when necessary, and supporting such Claims in the Courts of Justice, would not be useful, not only in obtaining more speedy Justice but in preserving that good Intelligence between the People of the different Countries which may be advantageous to all: To prevent Misunderstandings for the Future, we purpose to write immediately to the Congress acquainting them with this Transaction, and urging them to give strict Orders to all who act under their Commissions to Respect the Flags of every neutral or friendly Power, under severe Penalties for Disobedience.
And in the meantime we shall recommend it to our Correspondents at the several Ports, to warn the Captains of American farmed Vessels to conduct themselves as if such Orders were already given.
B. FranklinSilas DeaneArthur Lee

Notation: 23 9bre 1777


Title: The American Commissioners to Franco and Adrianus Dubbeldemuts, 23 November 1777
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur
To: Dubbeldemuts, Franco,Dubbeldemuts, Adrianus

Gentlemen
Paris Novr. 23. 1777.
We received yours of the 18th and observe the Contents. We shall this Week transmit to America the Papers relative to your Vessel taken and write on the Subject as we proposed in our last Letter;  at the same Time as there is danger of the Packets being intercepted, it will be proper for you to send Duplicates to your Correspondent in St. Eustatia from whence they may be sent to the Continent, by which you will be more certain of having the affair Justly represented and in proper Time. We are obliged to you for the Kindness shewn our Countrymen in Distress, but as more of them may arrive under the same Circumstances and a Journey to Paris is very expensive and can be of no Service we desire they may be sent directly to America if any Vessel is going, in a manner the least Expensive, or otherwise to Nantes by Water where they will be able to find Passages by applying to Mr. Jona. Williams.
We are sensible they may on various pretensions urge you to send them forward to Paris. But as we are Confident it will Answer no good Purpose as this City is so distant from any Port, must desire you to inform them that we cannot advise or Countenance their making the Journey. The Sums you advance for their relief you will send us an Account of which will repay you with our thanks for the Trouble you may be at. We are &c.
B F.S D.

PS Your Letters under Cover to Messrs. Gerardot Haller & Co: will come safe to our hands. Please to send us the Price Currt of Tobacco, Indigo of Carolina & Rice.
Messrs. F & A Dubbledemutts, Rotterdam.


Title: The American Commissioners to J. Rocquette, T. A. Elsevier, & P. Th. Rocquette, 23 November 1777
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur
To: Rocquette, Jacques, Elsevier, T. A., & Rocquette, Pieter Th.

Gentlemen
Paris Novr. 23d. 1777.
Yours of the 18th. under Cover of Messrs. F & A Dubbledemuts We received, are obliged to you for your offers of Correspondence and for Accots. of the Price of Sundry Articles of American Produce at your Port. Please to inform us if the Indigo you mention at 50 to 70 Stuyvers per lb. is Carolina growth or other, and what the Difference if any between that and other Indigo.
We are not ourselves concern’d in Commerce but at the same time are desirous of giving our Countrymen the best intelligence that can be obtaind on a Subject of so much Importance to them and Doubt not but a Trade between them and your Port may be carried on to great and mutual Advantage. We are &c.
B F.S D.
Messrs. J Rocqueelle, A Elstivier & P H L Rocquelle


Title: Silas Deane to John Philip Merckle, 23 November 1777
From: Deane, Silas
To: Merckle, John Philip

Sir
Paris 23d Novr. 1777.
Since my last Sir GG has arrived and on consulting with him the Commissioners are of opinion that they can go no farther than to compleat the agreement made between you and him when my Brother was at Amsterdam.
This I conclude has been by this Time executed. It is unnecessary to repeat what I have before said and wrote to you on this Subject, as you are fully sensible that for every Article which the Commissioners account to you for, they become accountable in the same manner as if they purchased them of any other Person, as they were never privy to your Contract nor authorized to meddle in it in the least. Whatever disappointments you have met with in the Execution are to be placed to the Account of the unforeseen and inevitable Events of War, from which tho’ it has ever been the Wish it has never been in the Power of the Commissioners to relieve you entirely. I am &c.
S D
Mr. Merkle


Title: The American Commissioners to Thomas Thompson, 25 November 1777
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur
To: Thompson, Thomas

Sir,
Paris 25th Novemr 1777
We advise you on your return to L’Orient to put your Ship in readiness for Sea, Capt. Hinman will do the same, and after you have obtained the best intelligence to be had, of the British Merchant Ships, and Commerce to pursue the Course, which you judge best for intercepting and making prizes on Our Enemies Ships, and property. As it is by no means safe to return into the Ports of France, you will calculate your Stores, so as to have a sufficiency for your cruise, which we cannot indeed be particular in the Direction of. It has been suggested that one or more of the India Ships returning may be intercepted; That part of the West India homeward bound Ships are expected about This Time, as well as Transports returning from New York, and elsewhere in America, and that by cruising in the proper Latitudes you may meet with them; That the British Factories and Commerce on the African Coast are at this Time without any Force sufficient to protect them, and that by running along that Coast you may greatly annoy, and distress the Enemy in that Quarter; and afterwards go for the West Indies. As you and Capt. Hinman have already considered these several plans for a Cruise, we leave with you to determine which to prefer, and the manner in prosecuting either, or any other that may appear more likely to Answer the design of your Commission. We are happy in observing the harmony, and Confidence which subsists between you and Capt. Hinman, and hope the same prevails among your Officers and Men which we are certain you will attentively cultivate through the whole of your Expedition, in which We recommend to you, to avoid giving any offense to the Flaggs of Neutral powers, and to shew them proper Marks of Respect, and Friendship. As you may meet with Vessels of the Enemy, so near the Coast of Europe, that you may be under the Necessity of sending them into some Port of France, advise you to agree with Messrs. Goularde &c. on the method of conduct in such Case, previous to your departure, and give Orders to the Officers, to whom you give the Command of such Prizes, accordingly thereto. Whenever you judge it prudent to dismiss Prisoners, subjects of his Brittannic Majesty, we advise you To take from Them in writing an Acknowledgment of their having been your Prisoners, their Quality, Place of Residence, and that they are dismissed by you in Confidence that an equal Number of the Subjects of the Thirteen United States of the same Rank that Now are or may hereafter be Prisoners to his said Brittannic Majesty will be set at Liberty. You are also to deliver, a Copy of such Writing to The Prisoners enjoining them to deliver the same on their Arrival in Brittain, to the Lords of the British Admiralty, and by the first Opportunity, inclose a Duplicate to the Committee or Board of Marine in Boston, and another to Us, with an Acct. of your proceedings.We shall deliver Captn. Hinman [a] Copy of this Letter, who will proceed in Concert with you in the Cruise. With best Wishes
Captn Thompson

Notation: Copy of Lettrs to Capt. Thompson & Ct Hinman Novr. 25th 1777


Title: Jonathan Williams, Jr., to the American Commissioners, 25 November 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Honorable Gentlemen.
Nantes Nov. 25. 1777.
M. Peltier has recvd. his Instructions from M. Montieu, but they are not exactly similar to yours, M. Montieu intending to put all his Goods on board the Chalotais, and I prefer putting as much of yours as I can on board of this Ship, which by the tenor of your agreement it appears I have liberty to do. However rather than have any further Difficulty or delay, I have consented to go on loading provided that M. Peltier will insure me a place on board of this Ship for at least 240 Cases of arms. I did this because I think both Ships equaly good except some advantage the Chalotais has in point of Sailing, and because your agreement being a better one than I imagine we could make again were it now to be broken, I think it best to obviate difficulties rather than make them; we are therefore loading all three Ships and we shall go on with all possible dispatch. I must however observe to you that it does not appear to be the Intention of M. Montieu to send his Ships to the Northward of Virginia. The Lion therefore cannot accompany them the whole way.
As it will be impossible to release the Dolphin ’till I have some other place to keep my men, I cannot put her to sale ’till the Lion goes away. I have in the mean time ordered an Inventory of her to be taken and shall try for a purchaser.

I have just recvd. Mr. Deans favour of the 21st, and shall next post send you Capt. Adams’s narrative properly authenticated. I have the Honour to be with the greatest Respect Gentlemen Your most obedient and most humble Servant
J Williams J

Addressed: The Honble / The Commissioners of / the United States
Notations: Mr Jona Williams Nantes 25 Novemr 77 / to Hon: Comrs. U.S.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from F. and Anton Georg Eckhardt frères, 25 November 1777: résumé
From: Eckhardt, F. and Anton Georg, frères
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<The Hague, November 25, 1777, in French: One of us was known to you in London, and had the honor of your esteem. Our friend and correspondent M. Penet will give you the prospectus of a work describing an instrument that we have invented; we should be immensely flattered if you would allow your name to be included among our subscribers in France. We include a memorandum about a capstan of our design. You will doubtless remember its debut in England, when the Navy Board had it placed on a ship and it performed most successfully; the ship has not yet put to sea, however, and the capstan has not come into use. M. Penet will show you the products of a manufactory that we have established, which works with speed and precision and turns out better goods at more moderate prices than any factory of its kind in Europe.>


Title: Franklin and Silas Deane to Arthur Lee, 27 November 1777
From: Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas
To: Lee, Arthur

Sir
Passy, Thursday Nov. 27 [1777]
We should be glad to see you as soon as convenient to you, in order to consult on the Dispatches. We are, Your most obedient Servants
F. & D.

Addressed: Honble Arthur Lee Esqr / Chaillot
Notation: F & D


Title: Franklin’s Notes for a Dispatch, [before 28 November 1777]
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To:

These jottings are beyond question an early step in formulating the dispatch below, November 30, to the committee for foreign affairs. They afford the first insight we have had into Franklin’s approach to the drafting of such a document, and also into his determination to dabble in French even when preparing notes in English. The list can be assigned only a terminal date. The commissioners met on November 27 to discuss their dispatch, as explained in our annotation of it, and the next day Franklin had ready the draft that his colleagues subsequently accepted and sent. Here he is listing topics that might be included. Perhaps they came up at the meeting on the 27th, although Lee’s account of it says nothing of such a discussion; more probably Franklin talked them over with Deane. In either case they preceded the draft, which was finished by the 28th; the heading on the verso, “Minutes du derniere depeche,” he obviously added later.

[Before November 28, 1777]

Sale du Vaissau en Holland
}
Convoy

Difficulté avec le Lion

Confiscation des Prises

—Dedommagement promis en partie
Prusse rien
Conduct d’Hollande d’Espagne
Harangue du Parliamt.
M. Morris—Bills etc. [In pencil:] Amphitrite
Complaints d’Espagne et Hollande
Mesures recommended a donner Satisfaction.
Ordres que nous avons données.
Vacillation du Cour
Promesses de l’Argent
Interets
Monument fini pour M. Montgomery
[Deleted: Mr. Holcker]
Pacquets,
lost 4 going and coming
Enquiries Support of Commissaires. Secretaire.
Inconveniences en amenant des Prizes en France
Infinis des Applications pour aller en Amerique
Minutes du derniere depeche


Title: William Bingham to the American Commissioners, 28 November 1777[–4 December 1777]
From: Bingham, William
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Gentlemen
St. Pierre M/que Novemr 28th[– December 4] 1777
I have herewith the honor to convey to you Copy of my last Respects. You have doubtless heard of the glorious Success of the Army under General Gates, upon which I sincerely congratulate you and all the Friends of America. Betwixt the Date of the Gazettes which I had the honor to enclose you, and the 15 October, there were four Engagements, by the last of which General Burgoyne lost upwards of 2000 Barrels of Provisions. Finding that his Resources were cut off, that he was surrounded by the American Forces, and that there was no Possibility of a Retreat, he made Proposals to General Gates to lay down his Arms for a Twelvemonth, which not being complied with, he surrendered himself Prisoner of War, with his whole Army amounting to 5527 Men besides the Garrisons at the different Posts, which comprizing the Prisoners before taken will raise the Number to upwards of 10,000.
A Vessel from New London, one from Hampton in Virginia, and another from New Haven, exactly agree in the Accounts of this great Event.
The second adds, that Genl. Howe was making his Retreat towards Wilmington, to embark on board his Transports, and that several Frigates had been sunk or destroyed in endeavouring to raise the Chevaux de Frise in the River Delaware.
What Effect this Important Intelligence may have on the Politics of Europe, is impossible to foretell; I hope at least that the Court of France may be influenced by it, to take a more decisive Part in our Favor; for I observe that the Orders of the Ministry in regard to American Privateers and their Prizes, and the Restrictions on the American Trade have been lately notified to the Chamber of Commerce here, and their Execution exacted under great Pains and Penalties. Nevertheless, from the present Appearance of Affairs, I cannot believe that they will be enforced with any Degree of Rigor. I am inclined to think, that it is only a political Stroke intended to appease the Minds of the English, untill the Nation is fully prepared to assume a higher and more imposing Tone and that the Arrival of the Troops destined for these Islands and the Spanish Galeon in Spain, is the real tho not ostensible Motives for retarding their hostile operations. The first is happily effected, the Troops having arrived here in three different Divisions under the Convoy of several Frigates. By a Vessel which arrived from the Havannah a few Days ago, I am informed that the Galleon was to sail in the Beginning of December and that the Specie was all deposed on board 22 Ships of the Line, this immense Treasure amounting to Fifteen Millions Sterling, being too important an Object to trust at this critical Time, without a formidable Force to defend it.
I have herewith the honor to enclose you the two latest Gazettes in which you will find a just Detail of the Operations of our forces in America. I have the honor to be &c.
Decem 4th Since writing the above, Several Vessels have arrived which have brought Letters that mention the Retreat of General Howe and his Army, and that General Washington was in quiet Possession of Philadelphia.
I sincerely congratulate you on this News. I am as before &c.
Wm Bingham
Copy

Notation: W Bingham Nov 28. 1777


Title: Dumas to the American Commissioners, 28 November 1777: abstract
From: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

28e. Novembre 1777.
Envoyé les feuillets du Mercure Novembre sur le Genl. Arnold, &c.; et la Gazette de Delft sur le même. Les Barrils expediés à Mr. Holker à Rouen. Extrait de la Lettre de Lalande et Finje.
Paris à Messrs. les Commres. plénip. des E. U. de l’Am. S.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Comte de Sarsfield, 28 November 1777
From: Sarsfield, Guy-Claude, comte de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

friday [November] 28h 1777
Count Sarsfield’s compliments to mr. franklin and has the honour to inform him that, as he Seemed to like better, the dinner with mrs. macaulay will take place moonday next half an hour after two o’clock and that he hopes for the honour of messrs. franklin’s and mr. Deane’s company.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur franklin / Chez mr Rey de Chaumont / A Passy


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Anne-Louise Brillon de Jouy, [29 November 1777]
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Brillon de Jouy, Anne-Louise Boivin d’Hardancourt

Samedi [November 29, 1777] 11 heures de soir
Etant revenu chez moi, j’etois surpris de trouver qu’il étoit presque onze heures. Je crains qu’oubliant toutes autres Choses, par notre trop d’attention au Jeu des Echecs, nous vous avions beaucoup incommodé, en vous detenant si longtemps dans le Bain. Dites moi, mon chère Amie, comment vous vous trouvez ce matin. Jamais je ne consentirai de commencer une partie (avec le Voisin) ci-aprés, dans votre chambre à baigner. Pouvez-vous me pardonner cette Indiscretion?
Je vous envoye le Homere de M. Bitaubé. Cet aimable Homme a beaucoup d’envie d’être connu de Me. Brillon, et d’entendre de sa Musique. Est-il permis de l’amener avec moi le Mercredi prochain? Si cela n’est pas convenable pour vous, dites le, et je l’eviterai.


Title: Jonathan Williams, Jr., to the American Commissioners, 29 November 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Honorable Gentlemen
Nantes Nov. 29. 1777.
Agreeable to the orders of Mr. Dean and Mr. Lee I have the honour to transmit Capt. Adams’s Deposition properly authenticated.
I have no american News, there being no Arrivals since my last, but I have just heard a melancholy account of Capt. Wickes having foundered on the Banks of Newfoundland. This I am much disposed to disbelieve, and the more so as I think the account does not carry with it an air of certainty. I have it in this Way. Capt. Ashburn who sailed from Bordeaux the 22d. bound to St. Martins and thence to america with a load of Salt, was risen upon the 25th by his Crew and himself with two people who continued faithfull to him were put into a Boat and sent a drift; they were taken up by a french Sloop and are now at this Place; this Capt. Ashburn tells me, that the Tuesday before he sailed which must be 18th a man arrived in a french Vessell from the Banks who called himself the Steward of the Reprisal, and said that when the Ship foundered he saved himself by the gang Ladder which supported him ’till the french Vessell took him up; Capt. Ashburn does not remember the name of this man; The Name of the Reprisals Steward is Thomas Glenn, if therefore you have the name of the Reporter of this News thro’ any other Chanel you may ascertain its truth; for my own part I must repeat my disbelief of it, tho’ I think it my duty to communicate it to you.
I every day see the necessity of some proper place to keep my men as they begin to grow very discontent with their Situation. I do not pretend to say what is proper to be done, but I am sure if the Raleigh was here we should keep them with less Expence, less noise, and more satisfaction on all sides. The weather growing cold makes the Dolphin a very uncomfortable Habitation, and many are obliged to stay on shore at expence for want of sufficient room on board. I have the honour to be with the greatest Respect Gentlemen Your most obedient and most humble Servant
Jona Williams J
The Honble The Commissioners of the United States

Addressed: The Honble / The Commissioners of / the United States
Notations: Mr. Jon Williams Nantes Nov’ 29 1777 / [in another hand:] Jon: Williams to Honble. Comrs. U.S. 29 Nov. 1777


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Sellonf & Perrouteau, 29 November 1777
From: Sellonf & Perrouteau
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honourable Sir
Paris the 29th. November 1777
We are desired by our intimate friends Messr. Fairholme & Luther of St. Martin to forward their inclosed Letter for you, and Solicit a Speedy answer may equally go through our hands, werewith we remain respectfully Honourable Sir Your most Obedient Humble Servants
Sellonf Perrouteau

If you Would be so Kind as to inform us of the American bills Called gourdes, how to dispose of in the best way and at what rate, you Should Oblige us very much, as well by pardoning our being so troublesome.
  To the Honble. Doctor B. Franklin at Passÿ

Notation: Selonf


Title: The American Commissioners to the Committee for Foreign Affairs, 30 November 1777
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Committee for Foreign Affairs

When the commissioners met on November 27 to plan this dispatch, differences between them soon emerged. Lee profoundly distrusted Deane, who he believed had Franklin in his pocket and, in his dual role of private businessman and agent of Congress, was playing fast and loose with public money. Deane opened the discussion by saying that the commissioners should voice to Congress their discontent with French policy, and should confront Versailles with the choice between a Franco-American alliance and an Anglo-American accomodation. Franklin strongly opposed such a threat; its effect was uncertain and its basis unrealistic, he argued, because the Americans could continue the war successfully without French intervention, and the less dependent they were on Europe the better. Lee agreed; the court had kept its word, and the resentment it had shown had been justified by the misconduct of American privateers.
The conversation then turned to the delicate issue of finances. The commissioners had learned a few weeks before that the French government would furnish them three million livres, in the deepest secrecy, and that Spain was likely to follow suit;  the question was whether to reveal this new bonanza to Congress. Deane objected to being at its financial beck and call, whereas Lee insisted that Congress must be able to draw on them to pay for whatever private consignments got through the British blockade. Franklin seemed to agree with Deane, Lee continued, that the three of them should keep control of their resources while the French government, as promised, covered the interest on the debt. But, Lee asked, did not the three million perhaps release the court from that promise, vague and verbal as it was? In any case it would evaporate if Vergennes left office. There his account of the meeting ended.
The commissioners’ discussion bears upon the present document. They say here that their failure to obtain, as instructed, a loan of two million sterling has left them dependent on the help of “Friends.” How much help and from whom they do not say, whereas they had revealed to Congress the amount, and eventually the source, of their earlier grant from the French treasury. Later in this dispatch they speak of a fund, amount again unspecified, for the sole purpose of covering the interest on the debt; still later they refer with delicate obliqueness to governmental aid in the form of war supplies. They seem to be following Deane’s advice, in short, to keep their finances to themselves.

Gentlemen,
Passy Novr. 30th. 1777.
In a former Letter we acquainted you, that we had engaged an Officer one of the most Skilful in naval Affairs that this Country possess’d, to build us a Frigate in Holland on a new Construction, (Drafts of which we sent you) and to go over in her to America and enter your Sea Service. The Frigate is almost finished. She is very large, is to carry 30 24 pounders on one Deck, and is suppos’d equal to a Ship of the Line: But the infinite Difficulties we find in equipping and manning such a Ship in any neutral Port, under the Restrictions of Treaties, together with the want of Supplies from you, have induced us to sell her to the King, who by a large Pension offer’d to our Officer, has engaged him to remain in his Service, and pays us what we have expended on her.
We have built a small Frigate at Nantes, which we hope to get away soon laden with supplies of various Sorts. We meet with Difficulties too in shipping Arms and Ammunition in her, but hope they will be surmounted. Several other Vessels, some under the Direction of Mr. Ross, others belonging to French Merchants, are almost ready to sail for America, and we had thoughts of sending them in a little Fleet under Convoy of the Rawleigh and Alfred; but on Consultation, considering the Spies maintained by England in all the Ports, and thence the Impossibility of making up such a Fleet, without its being known so as to give time for a Superior Force to lie in wait for it, we concluded the Chance better of their going off singly as they should be ready. In these Vessels are Cloaths ready made for 30,000 Men, besides Arms, Cloths, Linnens and naval Stores to a great Amount, bought by us and Mr. Ross. The private Adventures also will be very considerable. And as we shall continue our Endeavours to compleat your Orders, we hope if the Ships have common Success in passing you will be better provided for the next Campaign than you have been for any of the preceeding.
How we are enabled to make these Supplies must be a matter of some Surprize to you, when you reflect that little or nothing from you has been received by us, since what came by Capt. Wickes, till now by the Arrival of the Amphitrite; and that the seeming uncertainty of your publick Affairs have prevented hitherto our obtaining the Loan proposed. We have however found or made some Friends, who have helped, and will we are confident continue to help us.
Being anxious for supporting the Credit of Congress Paper Money, we procured a Fund for Payment of the Interest of all the Congress had proposed to borrow. And we mentioned in several of our Letters, that we should be ready to pay all Bills drawn for the Discharge of such Interest to the full value in Money of France, that is 5 Livres for every Dollar of Interest due. We were persuaded that thus fixing the Value of the Interest would fix the value of the Principal, and consequently of the whole Mass. We hope this will be approved, tho we have yet no Answer. We cannot apply that Fund to any other Purpose, and therefore wish to know as soon as may be the Resolution of Congress upon it. Possibly none of those Letters had reached you, or your Answers have miscarried: For the Interruptions of our Correspondence have been very considerable. Adams by whom we wrote early in the Summer was taken on this Coast, having sunk his Dispatches. We hear that Hammond shar’d the same Fate on your Coast. Johnson by whom we wrote in September was taken going out of the Channel; and poor Capt. Wickes, who sail’d at the same time and had Duplicates, we just now hear foundered near Newfoundland, every man perishing but the Cook. This Loss is extreamly to be lamented; as he was a gallant Officer and a very worthy Man. Your Dispatches also which were coming by a small Sloop from Morris’s River, and by the Mere Bobie Packet, were both Sunk on those Vessels being boarded by English Men of War.
The Amphitrite’s Arrival with a Cargo of Rice and Indigo, near 1000 Barrels of the one and 20 of the other, is a seasonable Supply to us for our Support, we not having for some time past (as you will see by our Former Letters) any Expectations of farther Supply from Mr. Morris; and tho’ we live here with as much frugality as possible, the unavoidable Expences and the continual Demands upon us for Assistance to Americans who escape from English Prisons, &c. &c., endanger’d our being brought to great Difficulties for Subsistence. The Freight of that Ship too calls for an enormous Sum, on Acct. of her long Demurrage.
We begin to be much troubled with Complaints of our armed Vessels taking the Ships and Merchandize of neutral Nations. From Holland they complain of the Taking the Sloop Chester Capt. Bray, belonging to Rotterdam, by two Privateers of Charlestown, called the fair American and the Experiment. From Cadiz of the Taking the French Ship Fortune, Capt. Kenguen, by the Civil Usage Privateer, having on board Spanish Property: And here of the Taking of the Empereur of Germany from Cork with Beef belonging to the Marine of France, just off the Mouth of Bourdeaux River. We send herewith the Papers that we have received and Answers given relating to those Captures and we earnestly request that if upon fair Trials it shall appear that the Allegations are true, speedy Justice may be done and Restitution made to the Reclaimers: It being of the utmost Consequence to our Affairs in Europe, that we should wipe off the Aspersions of our Enemies who proclaim us everywhere as Pirates, and endeavour to excite all the World against us. The Spanish Affair has already had very ill Effects at that Court, as we learn by [the] Return of the [Cour]ier mentioned [in] our last. We have by Letters to our Correspondents at the several Ports done all in our Power to prevent such Mischiefs for the Future, a Copy of which we herewith send you.
The European Maritime Powers embarras themselves as well as us by the double Part their Politicks oblige them to act. Being in their Hearts our Friends and wishing us Success, they would allow us every Use of their Ports consistent with their Treaties, or that we can make of them without giving open Cause of Complaint to England. And it being so difficult to keep our Privateers within those Bounds, we submit it to Consideration whether it would not be better to forbear Cruizing on these Coasts and bringing Prizes in here, till an open War takes place, which tho’ by no means certain seems every now and then to be apprehended on both Sides: Witness among other Circumstances the Recall of their Fishing Ships by France; and the King of England’s late Speech. In Consequence of this embarrass’d Conduct, our Prizes cannot be sold publickly; of which the Purchasers take Advantage in beating down the Price. And sometimes the Admiralty Courts are obliged to lay hold of them in consequence of Orders from Court obtain’d by the English Ambassador. Our People of course complain of this as unfriendly Treatment, and as we must not counteract the Court in the Appearances they seem inclined to put on towards England, we cannot set our Folks right by acquainting them with the essential Services our Cause is continually receiving from this Nation: And we are apprehensive that Resentment of that supposed unkind Usage, may induce some of them to make Reprisals, and thereby occasion a deal of Mischief. You will see some Reason for this Apprehension in the Letter from Capt. Babson, which we send you herewith, relating to their two Prizes confiscated here for false Entries; and afterwards delivered up to the English: for which however we have hopes of obtaining full Satisfaction, having already a Promise of Part.
The King of England’s Speech bulsters [blusters] towards these Kingdoms as well as towards us. He pretends to great Resolution both of continuing this War, and of making two others if they give him occasion. Yet it is conceived he will with Difficulty find Men or Money for another Campaign of that already on his Hands; and all the World sees that is not for want of Will that he puts up with the Daily known Advantages afforded us by his Neighbours. They however, we have Reason to believe, will not begin the Quarrel as long as they can avoid it, nor give us any open Assistance of Ships or Troops. Indeed we are scarce allowed to know that they give us any Aids at all; but are left to imagine, if we please, that the Cannon, Arms &c. which we have received and sent, are the Effects of private Benevolence and Generosity. We have nevertheless the strongest Reasons to consider that the same Generosity will continue; and it leaves America the Glory of working out her Deliverance by her own Virtue and Bravery; on which with God’s Blessing we advise you chiefly to depend. You will see by the Papers and a Letter of Intelligence from London, that the Continuance of the War is warmly condemn’d in Parliament by their wisest and ablest Men, in the Debates on the Speech, but the old corrupt Majority continues to vote as usual with the Ministers. In order to Lessen their Credit for the new Loans, we have caused the Paper, which we formerly mentioned, to be translated and printed in French and Dutch by our Agent in Holland. When it began to have a run there, the Government forbad the farther Publication, but the Prohibition occasions it to be more sought after, read and talked of.
The Monument for General Montgomery is finished and gone to Havre in nine Cases to lie for a Conveyance. It is plain but elegant, being done by one of the best Artists here, who complains that the 300 Guineas allow’d him is too little: and we are obliged to pay the additional Charges of Package &c. We see in the Papers that you have voted other Monuments, but we have received no Orders relating to them.
The Rawleigh and Alfred will be well fitted and furnished with every thing they wanted, the Congress Part of the Produce of their Prizes being nearly equal to their Demands. Be pleased to present our Dutiful Respects to the Congress, and assure them of our most faithful Services. We have the honour to be, Gentlemen Your most obedient humble Servants.
B. FranklinSilas DeaneArthur Lee

Notations: Commissioners to the Comtee Nov 30th. 1777 recd. May 2d. by Capt. Young Via Baltimore / recd May 2d 1778


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Jonathan Williams, Jr., 30 November 1777
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Williams, Jonathan Jr.

Dear Nephew
Passy, Nov. 30. 1777.
I have now receiv’d the Bill from Mr. Chaumont accepted. The Acceptance is in these Words Accepté pour payer des fonds qui me seront remis a cet effet, Le Ray de Chaumont. He tells me that you may act upon this in relieving Capt. Babson and his People to the Amount including what they have already had from you. There seems however some Caution in his Mode of Acceptance, as if intended to guard himself against the Obligation of paying the Bill in case he does not receive the Fonds. But I suppose that by the Law of Merchants, the Acceptance is valid notwithstanding that Reserve: and I think you may venture to act upon it.
Mr. Mountendoin has mention’d to me a propos’d Partnership with his Nephew. I am told that you and Mr. Moylan have agreed with Messrs. Gourlade &c. You can in these Affairs judge best for yourself. I understand them too little to be capable of advising you.
M. Chau. advises your continuing your Demand for the whole. He writes.
My Letter to Mrs. Stevenson with the Order for £55 it seems miscarried. Mr. Mountendoin did not find her in London. His Nephew was inform’d she was at Cheam in Surry and sent the Letter thither per Post. She was probably at Euell, (which is near Cheam) and not being known at the Euell Post Office, the Letter was not delivered to her. I shall write and send another Bill. I am ever Your affectionate Uncle
B Franklin

PS Let Capt. Babson know that I receiv’d his Letters and have done all I can for him. That we shall endeavour to obtain the whole Value: but it will be a Work of Time, And that he must be careful how he attempts to put his mad Threats of making Reprisals in Execution unless he has a mind to hazard being hang’d for Piracy.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Williams / Negociant / à Nantes
Endorsed: Dr. Franklin Passy 30th Novr 1777 informing that my Bill on Mr. de Chaumont for 50.000 is accepted—manner of it—opinion that I may safely act upon it.


Title: Jonathan Williams, Jr., to the American Commissioners, 30 November 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Honorable Gentlemen
Nantes Novr 30. 1777 midnight
I am happy in sending you the agreeable News of Genl. Bourgoynes surrender with his whole army to our victorious arms. Mr. Austin will give you all particulars. His being charged with the delivery of the dispatches, as well as the importance of many verbal accounts he may furnish, are the reasons for my not desiring the Dispatches for a less expensive way of conveying them. Had they been duplicates, or of little import, I should have adopted such a method in consequence of your powers and Instructions. I send my servant to be Mr. Austin’s guide, he is a carefull honest fellow and if you have any dispatches to be sent in return you may place full Confidence in him. I have the honour to be with the greatest Respect Your most obedient Servant
J Williams J

Please to furnish the man with what money he may want for his return.

Addressed: The / Honble The Commissioners / of the United States / Passy.
Notation: Jon Williams Nantes Novr 30. 77


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Joseph Compagnoni, 30 November 1777: résumé
From: Compagnoni, Joseph
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Lugo in the Romagna, November 30, 1777, in French: I wrote you on September 21 to the following effect: Your literary merit and your patriotism move me to dedicate to you a small rhymed work on a war that has brought Europe the good fortune of having you back. The poem, entitled “Il Washington,” will not offend reason or virtue and, though most favorable to the colonies, will not hurt English sensitivities. If you will accept, I shall embrace the opportunity to testify to your talents and love for your country; these are qualities that tie men together in the knot of virtue and community. I confidently expect your response. Thus far my letter, which I résumé on the chance that it did not reach you or that your answer has been lost. The work is already in print; I wait only on word from you.>


Title: Jean Peltier-Dudoyer to the American Commissioners, 1 December 1777
From: Peltier-Dudoyer, Jean
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Messieurs
Lorient Le 1er. Xbre. 1777
Sur les ordres de Messrs. De Montieu Proprietaire du Navire L’amphitrite et de Beaumarchais Proprietaire de la cargaison, Je me suis transporté ici Pour retirer l’un et L’autre des mains du Sr. Berard, celui-ci m’ayant dit qu’il étoit Porteur de vos ordres Pour disposer de cette cargaison. Je me suis contanté de le sommer de me la délivrer a quoi Il n’a eu aucun égard, en conséquence Je me retire chez moi et J’ai Laissé mes Pouvoirs a Messrs. Gourlade et Monplaisir Pour agir Pour moi en cas qu’il soit decidé entre vous, Messieurs, qu’elle est Pour le compte de Mr. De Beaumarchais. Messrs. Gourlade a tous évenements méritent toute confiance. Je n’ai agis que Pour le bien général. Vous connoissez mon zele et l’attachement sincere avec lequel J’ai L’honneur d’etre Messieurs Votre très humble et très obeisant serviteur
Peltier DuDoyer
Messrs. Dean & Francklin

Addressed: A Messieurs / Messieurs Les commissionaires / des etats unis / A Passy.
Notation: Peltier de Doyer a Messrs Franklin & Deane


Title: The American Commissioners to John Young, 2 December 1777
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Young, John

Sir
Paris 2d. Decr. 1777
You will receive by Mr. Moylan dispatches for Congress, which you will secure ready for sinking in Case of Danger. On your Leaving the River Nantes it has been recommended as the safest to keep well in with the Coast of France until you can leave the Continent intirely. Of this you will be the best judge. We advise you to avoid speaking with every Vessel on your Passage, and to make the first safe Port you can in the United States; if the wind and weather permit some port near Boston appears to be the best. But must submit it to your Judgment as the wind may serve or as other Circumstances may occur. Capt. Bell will take a Passage with you, and we recommend to you to trust the Care of your Dispatches to him in case of accident to yourself (which God forbid) or on your arival if the Care of your Vessel or other Circumstances prevent your going yourself express to Congress therewith that you entrust them to him, but the Dispatches for Congress are not to be given to other persons than one of you, before they are delivered to Congress. Private Letters may be delivered or forwarded as you find Opportunity. Your Bills of Disbursements and Expences at Nantes you informed us would be settled by Mr. Morris; we have only to say that the Hon. W. Lee Esqr. being joint Agent with him ought to have an Acct. of the Disbursements at Least for his Direction in his accts. This is not a matter of ours and we mention it as we are Confident you will do every thing proper to avoid any misunderstanding in that Affair. We most heartily wish you a safe and speedy Passage, and recommend you to the Notice of Congress for your services. We are &c.
Capt. Young


Title: John Ross to the American Commissioners, 2 December 1777
From: Ross, John
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Honorable Gentlemen,
Nantes 2d: December 1777
Previous to the shipping any of the Property purchased at Germany &ca. and collected to Hamburgh under my care and direction on Account of the United States, I consulted You on the propriety of having it Insured Round here and I doubt not youl Recolect Your opinion on that point Vizt. “that it was Customary for all Nations to run the Risque of what was for Public use.” It is so I know: Yet incumbent on me as a Factor to act as Much as possible by your Advice and Opinion that I may not incurr blame in case of Accidents.
There is at present a valluable property on the Passage in the Ship Henrietta of Hamb. Patrick Brown Master for France (say this Port) Sailed 13th Ulto. not yet arrived. I hope however she may be safe, the Vessel being good, well found and in every Respect fited. My friend in Hamburgh writes me of 21st: Past in which letter are the following Paragraph Vizt.
“Brown got to Sea on thursday was eight days, but the winds have been against him ever since Friday, so don’t apprehend he is far off. On Wednesday night we had a very severe Gale of wind, which Rose our River over its Banks, it continued till this Morning, and we are much affraid of great dammage on our Coast. Am not without my fears about Brown and wish You may have Resolved on Insureing his Cargo if you have not when this Reaches. I woud advise Your giveing orders to have it done in France directly, the premium of 4 to 5 P Cent is no way equivalent to the Risque he has already been engaged in. This is an abominable Coast at this Season of the Year. Am Confident our Underwriters or those in Holland, woud not Sign after the Gale of wind under very extravagant Premiums.” When you peruse the forgoing, youl soon determine on what you think best to be done. Shoud it appear Adviseable, to cover the Property or any Part of it, Youl do well to get Mr. Grand to open a Policy, and try if it can be effected in Paris at a moderate Premium. There is about £20,000 Sterling on board. It may only be necessary to furnish him a part of the Amount at first shoud it be judged proper to apply, giveing him the Vessel and Masters Name, and time of her Sailing from Hamb. for Nantes. Had it been my own Private Property, in like situation shoud not exceed 4 or 5 P Cent Premium. However, I shall by no means dictate to you, nor woud I trouble You had I been invested with any discretionary instructions from the Committee regarding Insurance on Public Property. With Particular Respect I am Gentlemen Your very obedient Servant.
Jno: Ross

Addressed: To / The Honble. / Benjamin Franklin Siles Deane, / And Arthur Lee Esqrs. American / Commissioners at / Passey.
Notations: Mr Jno Ross Nantes 2d Decemr. 77 / Decr. 2. 1777.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Felix A. Castrioto, 2 December 1777
From: Castrioto, Félix António
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Lisbon December the 2: 1777
This is to give you notice, that at my arrivel in this Capital I found the Court was gone to villa-viçoza: I thoght proper to go there, and deliver your Memorial to the Minister, inforcing it with all the reasons I could think of. The mater was to be considered, and he to send me an answer here; but till now he has not done it. In few days the Court will be bak, and then I will endeavour to get it and send it immediatly to you.

I desire that the Congress and you, Sir, should belive that nothing in my side will be wanting to bring this Negociation to a favourable conclusion. I remain with great estime and respect Sir your most obidiant humble Servant
Felix Antonio Castrioto

P.S. My name so as is here is sufficient for my adress.

Notation: Felix Antonio Castrioto Lisbon Decr: 2. 1777


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ——— Berthérand de Fleury, 2 December 1777
From: Fleury, Madame —— Berthérand de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

de Paris ce 2. xbre. 1777.
L’inquiéttude ou je suis, Monsieur, du sort d’un de mes Parens, actuellement au service des Américains, me force à vous demander un moment d’audiance j’espere que vous ne me refuserez pas; votre jour, votre heure, soyez seur de mon exactitude a m’y rendre. J’ay l’honneur d’etre avec les sentimens qui vous sont dus Monsieur Votre trés humble obeissante servante
Berthérand De Fleury
A l’hotel de la force Ruë des Balets


Title: Certificate Authenticating Extracts from Minutes of the Georgia Assembly, 3 December 1777
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To:

Passy, Dec. 3. 1777.
I do hereby certify whom it may concern, that the Papers herewith connected under my Seal, viz. the Extract from the Minutes of the Assembly of Georgia, signed by Henry Cuyler, Clerk; and the Instructions to Capt. De la Plaigne signed by N W. Jones Speaker, are genuine and authentic Papers.
B. Franklin

Notation in Franklin’s hand: Certificate in favour of Capt Delaplaigne’s Orders