Title: To George Washington from Colonel Richard Butler, 13 January 1780
From: Butler, Richard
To: Washington, George

            10 OClock P.M. 13th jany 1780at Ringoes Tavern [Hunterdon County, N.J.]
            Sir

          In Compliance with your Excellency’s Orders I have been Endeavouring to Obtain the Supplies Required in the County of Hunterdon, & am happy to find the Magistrates & Inhabitants Apparantly Disposed to do Ev[e]ry thing in their power, but the Inclemency of the weather is Such that I fear their promises Cannot be performd in the time Specified but I Still hint the Necessity of my laying hand too in Case they do not perform.
          I have thot it the most speedy meathod to Call on the Magistrates of the Different Districts which I hope will Ansr the Purpos⟨e⟩; In Col. Taylors Col. Beavers & Col. Chamberlains I am Promisd 2100 Bushells of wheat & 133 Cattle to be Deliverd on Monday Tuesday & Wednesday Next being the Sixth day after the Respective Requisitions. Tomorrow I go to Col. Phillipss where I hope to obtain A good many Cattle & A tollerable Supply of wheat—Exclusive of the Above Quantity—the flour of Col. Jno. Taylors District I Expect will go on tomorrow as his &

Col. Berrys Mills Can go well & I Assure your Excellency, I am much beholden to Col. Taylor who has Sh⟨ow⟩n himself the Pattron & Publick friend & beg leave to Mention him in A Particular maner to your Excellency.
          I Shall write from maiden head, & from that (which is the last District) Proceed to the Place I have Directed the Grain & Cattle to be brot to in order to See that the full quotas are furnishd before I Return to Camp.
          I have Set Some of my Party to Clear the Ice from the Mills & Shall Endeavour to dispose of them to the best Advantage in forwarding your Excellencys wishes—& Evry thing in my Power Shall be done to Obtain the Supplies, I have observd A Number of Sledges going on with flour & other Provisions which makes me less Anxious to Send on unground Grain, but if your Excellency thinks it Necessary you will please Signify it pr Bearer & it Shall be Done. I Am Sir with Real Respect your Excellencys Most obedt Hbl. st

            R. Butler Col.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel William De Hart, 13 January 1780
From: De Hart, William
To: Washington, George

            sir
            Paramus [N.J.] Janry 13. 1780

          Upon the Rect of your Excellys Instructions Respecting Provisions I Immediately Call’d on the Justices of the County who Met Me this Afternoon who I find Heartily Dispos’d to Comply with your Requisition’s Very fortunately I find A late law that will Answer Our Purpose’s—And I flatter Myself I shall Collect the Supply’s in A few Day’s Under the Authority of it. I shall

have the Most Difficulty in Collecting the Cattle As fast As the supply’s Come in I shall send them forward. the Justices have Requested Partys with them to go to several Disaffected Neibourhoods, which I shall grant them, from A Misapprehension in My Detachment Many Almost Naked Men & Some whose times Are Expir’d Were sent With Me Expecting to serve on the Detachment Only A few Days Which Encreases the Duty to[o] Much On the Well Cloath’d Men—And I Am Much Harras’d with the Well founded Complai⟨nts⟩ of the Naked Men to Return to Camp I have Detain’d them Apprehending that More Mouths at Camp, Would be prejudicial, but the Dutys Now On Hand Require My Compliment of Effective Men, I Would beg leave to suggest that If Two Captains four Subalterns & One Hundred Rank & file Were Sent Me, I Could Compleat My Party & Send Back, Every Necessary & Equal Number of Officers & soldiers—such Officers & soldiers Remaining of the Old Detachment being Now furnish’d With A Tolerable Idea of the Country We Are in A Much Better situation than on Our first Coming to this place.
          the Intercourse with the Inhabitants & Enemy in this Quarter has Now become so Inconsiderable As to be Productive of No Mischeif’s I have had Since My being at this Place Two British & Two Hessian Deserters Come to Me, Two left Me to Go to the Enemy, One of Which Was Catch’d by One of Our scouts, I have had Ev⟨er⟩ since I Came to this place to supply Myself with provision I believe I have done it with little or No Offence to the Inhabitants Major Torry who I have Sent to Morris Town & Will be the Bearer of this, will Inform Your Excellency of Any Particular I May have Omitted. I Am Sr Your Most Hum. servt

            Wm D. Hart


Title: To George Washington from Major Henry Lee, Jr., 13 January 1780
From: Lee, Henry Jr.
To: Washington, George

            sir
            Burlington [N.J.] Jany 13th 1780

          Your Excellencys dispatches to the Magistrate⟨s⟩ of Salem, Cumberland & Capemay countys reached me yesterday about ten oclock.
          I immediately detached an officer with a small party of dragoons into each county & shall follow this day. I have not the least doubt of being able to carry into full execution your Excellencys requisition in a manner perfectly consonant to the rights of the citizens, and in due season. Every effort will be made use of to give expedition to the conveyance of such articles as the commissary may determine to forward for the immediate use of the army. There are I am told in this county, several persons who speculate deeply in the purchase of beef pork & flower. The purchasing commissarys for the army have not been able to obtain here this year, more than one hundred barrels of pork; their former purchases generally amounted to eight hundred, annually. This fact gives authenticity to the above information—perhaps some particular instructions to Col: Shreves on this head might be attended with good consequences.
          The very day previous to the receept of your Excellency’s instructions, I had detached an officer & party for the purpose of taking advantage of the ice to transport troops on the hook, & had concerted the necessary operations to take place on the report of the officer—The important business of collecting supplys for the support of the army, & your Excellency’s particula⟨r⟩ mention of me I presumed demande⟨d⟩ my personal attention.
          I have therefore commit the direction of the enterprize to Capt. Peyton an officer of singular worth, & have fully explained to him my wishes & concerted with him the measures to be pursued. I have charged him to prosecute stratagem altogather, by which means only the post can be carried, & at the same time our risk is partial—His execution of my orders as I said before, is eventual, depending on the condition of the ice.

          My intention of destroying the intercourse between the shore & enemy did not apply to any possible interference with the laws of the state. my plan is to scour the shores occasionally with detached partys.
          I thank your Excellency for the indulgence you have been pleased to allow me to give to my faithful soldiers—I intend to fall on some plan convenient to them, & agreeable to your Excellencys directions.
          Having gone thro’ these several matters I should be obliged by having leave of absence for a few weeks; my zeal for the service will render it as short as possible. If your Excelly may find it convenient to indulge me, I should be happy to be honored with such commands as you may have for Virginia. I have the honor to be sir with unshaken attachmt & respect your most ob. servt

            Henry Lee Junr


Title: From George Washington to Major General Stirling, 13 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)

              My Lord,
              Head Qrs Morristown 13th Jan. 1780.

            Herewith Inclosed are your Lordships discretionary Instructions—In addition to what you read in the morning, & in consequence of Genl Irvines information respecting the state of the Ice between York, long, & Staten Islands I have inserted a clause by which you will see that if things continue in the condition he represents I would have your Lordship turn your thoughts to the practicability of compelling a surrender of the enemy if they should even resort to their Forts.
            I am sorry Colo. Hazen made that March in one day, which was intended for two—To counteract this wd it not be well for Genl Irvines detachment to assume an appearance of returning to Camp?
            The Men which will reinforce you in Sleds tomorrow, had better be met at Springfield by your Orders, & a careful person to conduct them at once to the place of rendezvous. the Detachment will consist of abt 400 Men & may join Genl Irvines brigade if you have nothing better in view for them.
            You know I presume that 40,000 Cartridges have been sent to Genl Irvine for the use of the Troops on the Expedition.
            If Colo. Stewarts Detachment should be ready earlier than I expect tomorrow I will direct him to Halt at quibbletown (under pretence of takg in forage there) till a proper hour arrives for

  him to proceed. I mention this that you may know how to meet him with orders in case you have not seen him since yesterday. & fixed your plan with him—In haste I am Yr Lordships most obt Servt


Title: Enclosure: Instructions for Attack on Staten Island, 12 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

              My Lord,
              ⟨Morris Town 12th Jany 1780.⟩

            The difficulties of making an attempt, upon the Enemy on Staten Island, being in a great measure removed by the renewal of the frost—and the enterprise, in case it should not succeed, not very likely to be attended with bad consequences, provided the State of the Ice affords a ready and safe passage and return (which is to be the basis of the Expedition) I am inclined to direct the attempt and to intrust the command and execution of it to Your Lordship.
            The Troops allotted for this expedition are, the detachment of 750 men already on the lines under the Command of Brigadier General Irvine—the detachment of 1000 Men which marched this day under the command of Col. Hazen as a relief to Genl Irvine—a detachment of between three and four hundred under the Command of Colo. Hall—which will leave Camp on Friday Morning on Sleds, and a fourth detachment of 500 men under the Command of Col. Walter Stewart, which will also leave Camp on Friday Morning, and join the main body or act seperately as your Lordship may, upon a further investigation of circumstances, judge most proper.
            The objects in view are to captivate the Troops on the Island and bring off or destroy all Public stores of every kind, and fat Cattle and Sheep, if time and circumstances will allow.
            To point out any precise plan of operation would be wrong

in me—Your movements must be governed by information and circumstances—You are therefore at full liberty to pursue Such measures as shall appear most conducive to attain the objects of your Command. I shall however give you my present ideas of the several matters which appear to me worthy of Your Lordships attention.
            From the best information I have been able to obtain the Enemy’s force on Staten Island does not exceed 1000 Men. The principal part of whom it is said are in Hutts near their Redoubts at the Watering place—The Queens Rangers, about 200 at Richmond and Buskirks Regiment, of near one hundred at Deckers.
            To get on the Island without discovery is so essentially necessary, that the complete success of the enterp[r]ise depends absolutely upon it. Every device & stratagem therefore should be used to effect it, by eluding or seizing their Guards or Patroles, and deceiving their Spies on this side.
            The greatest part of Irvines detachment being at and in the neighbourhood of Elizabeth Town—and Hazens marching to Connecticut Farms in the vicinity thereof, will draw the Enemy’s attention in a particular manner to that Quarter—By crossing Stewarts detachment therefore at the old Blazing Star, or which would be still more unsuspected at or near Dusaways (by a mill which is on the Island) about the hour of Ten at Night and pushing it to Richmond, with the caution I have already suggested, I think there is a moral certainty of surprising the Troops at that place.
            As the attempt upon Richmond, whether successful or not, will give an alarm, and this alarm will communicate very quickly thro the Island, the cooperation of the main body must be well timed, or the Enemy on the other quarter will probably, by previously putting themselves in a posture of defence, defeat the effect of the operation against them.
            It is not likely that any number of Prisoners will be taken unless the redoubts at the Watering place are possessed very early by us—and as I take it for granted that they can only be possessed by surprise, I would propose the following mode of effecting it, The main Body to cross at Tremleys Point on account of the goodness of the Ice, and because it seems an unsuspected place, and march immediately to the cross roads at Parkers before they seperate—From hence, two parties of 100 men each,

covered by 800 or 1000 Men are to move as rapidly as possible for the Redoubts at the Watering place by the cross roads at Merseraus—continuing along the middle road, provided the Enemy have not taken the alarm—in that case I conceive the attempt would be fruitless—The parties of 100 men, if not interrupted, are to advance each to a redoubt and endeavour to surprise it, before it can be reinforced. If they succeed, they can with ease hold the works untill the support comes up—If they fail—They are again to unite with the covering party, and proceed to Deckers on the lower road—first burning the Hutts of the Enemy if possible.
            The remainder of the Troops (if a seperation should not be deemed uneligible) may, one half take post at the cross roads at Parkers and the other at the cross roads, a mile beyond, at J. Merseraus and Dawsons, with orders to halt there untill the parties designed for the surprise of the Forts have full time to reach them (to do which will I conceive require three ho[u]rs) during this time they may probably intercept retreating parties from Richmond: But they are not to remain longer for this or any other purpose than the three hours at the expiration of which they are to form a junction at the last mentioned cross roads (Merseraus & Dawsons) and push immediately for Deckers, beating up the Enemy’s Quarters and driving them towards the Forts at the Watering place, whither it is supposed they will retreat. But if the Garrison at Deckers should not evacuate it, nor appear to be disposed to surrender upon a peremptory challenge and threat to burn them out—or if parties should throw themselves into houses—it should not retard the pursuit of the fugitives—parties may be left to watch them, or should we succeed in the principal attacks, they will afterwards fall of course.
            To secure the Garrison of Deckers effectually, should they incline to make resistance, a number superior to those within may be left there till Artillery can be brought up to reduce them—But as the occasion for Artillery is at present a matter of very great uncertainty, and as it would, in the present state of the roads, exceedingly retard and encumber your march, I should not think it adviseable to pass any over in the first instance—It may be so disposed near Elizabeth Town as to come to you at a moments notice by De Harts Point.

            If the party under Col. Stewart succeeds in the attempt upon Richmond—The Prisoners under the escort of the worst and most fatigued men may be sent immediately to Brunswick—and be directed to endeavour to form a junction with the main body by the road leading from Richmond to the Watering place by Deckers.
            It is a difficult matter to combine operations so perfectly in point of time as that one part will not impede if not totally defeat the other, and this it is to be feared will be the case in the present instance, if there is an attempt to surprise the Troops at Richmond and at the Watering place at the same time. The latter is important but precarious—the other is of less consequence but more certain. From observation and information after you get down, you must determine which to prefer, if an attempt on both at the same time should be deemed ineligible. You will give Col. Stewart orders accordingly, with whom you will keep up the best correspondence you can before crossing—furnishing him with your Watch word &ca.
            If it should be found that the Enemy on the Island cannot derive succour from New York—that there is no appearance of the frost breaking up—and that by remaining on the Island we can starve them into a compliance by confining them to their works, the experiment ought by all means to be made, and measures shall be taken here to give every possible aid.
            Plank will be prepared for Platforms to go on and off the Ice and the officers must take care to keep the Troops in open order while passing—An officer ⟨in whose diligence you can confide, should reconnoitre the crossing place before night and make observations on the opposite shore. He should cross over with a party of 15 or 20 chosen Men at least half an hour before the Column comes down—having sent forward two or three trusty Men to see that the coast is clear, he should follow with his party and so dispose of them as to seize any patrols or suspicious persons. Some of Webbs Men cloathed in Red would be best for this duty and to be always in advance.
            Every disposition should be made before crossing—The Officers for the different services well instructed—and Guides assigned them—that there may not be the least delay after the line of march is taken up.
            Every Officer should have a Roll of the platoon he commands

and see that no Man absents himself—the most profound silence should be observed under pain of instant death.
            White Cockades or some Badge of distinction should be worn by our Officers and Men and the Watch word should be such as may deceive the Enemy—for instance Clinton—Cornwallis—Skinner &c. &c.
            There should be no firing if it is possible to avoid it in the several attacks. The Bayonet will be found the most effectual weapon especially in the Night.
            In case of success—The Value of every thing that is public property or lawful plunder shall be divided in just proportion among the Officers and Men. And if any Officer or soldier attempts to appropriate any thing to his own particular use; he shall be compelled to deliver it up—shall forfeit all pretensions to a common share—and shall be punished at the discretion of a Court Martial for disobedience of Orders. No private property to be brought off on any pretence what ever, except fat Cattle &ca as before mentioned.
            Heartily wishing success to the enterprize and every possible honor and Glory to your Lordship and the troops concerned, I am with much truth and sincerity Yr Lordships most obt Servt.⟩


Title: To George Washington from Major General Stirling, 13 January 1780
From: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)
To: Washington, George

            13 January 1780from Genl Irvines quarters [Crane’s Mill, N.J.]
            Sir,

          After a full consultation with General Irvine Col. Hazen and Colonel Stewart, and hearing the result of their intelligence and observations—I am of opinion that an attempt to surprise the enemy on Staten Island would have very little probability of success. They are as much upon their guard as they can be—They have patroles at every accessible place; and for this purpose make use of all the Militia as well as their own horse and foot. The difficulties too of getting upon the Island appear to be greater than was imagined; and the roads will no doubt be rendered very bad by the drifting of the snow as the wind has been pretty high to day. Col. Stewart will give your Excellency a detail of particulars by which you will be the better able to judge whether it will be eligible to continue the original plan to change it for another or defer the execution to a more favourable opportunity—The roads a few days hence may be more practicable and the enemy fatigued by their continual guards and patroles may relax in their vigilance.

          It has been suggested that relinquishng the idea of a surprise a descent may be made upon the Island in hopes of bringing the enemy to a surrender, as it is said they are very short of provisions and have no covering in their works—But our intelligence is not so explicite on these heads as might be wished. It is a question whether their huts are not near enough to their works to be effectually under their protection; and on this plan we must expect that our own troops will suffer greatly from the severity of the weather which is at this time excessive.
          If any thing is attempted under our present information, I should think our whole force ought to be collected at one point and that the detachments now preparing ought to join the others here.
          I shall make every preparation with the troops here and shall be ready to do whatever Your Excellency shall direct—I request the favour of hearing from you as early as possible tomorrow.
          My opinion is that if any thing is done it must be by force and in open daylight. Very respectfully Yr obt

            stirling,


Title: From George Washington to Major General Stirling, 13 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)

            Head Quarters Morris TownThursday Evening 13th January 1780
            My Lord

          I have recd yours by Colo. Steward. Upon your letter and his representation, I shall direct the whole of the detachment which is to move tomorrow, to proceed directly to join the main Body, Should the severity of the Weather continue, and your information of the numbers—situation and circumstances of the enemy make it probable that an attempt upon them openly will succeed, I leave it to your Lordship and the principal officers to carry the matter into execution in such manner as you shall judge proper. If you determine upon the attack, I do not think you should lose a moment after the troops are assembled, because, in my opinion, our success depends in great measure upon the Weather, which, in its present state, would alone bring men to terms in

a short time. I scar[c]e need recommend to your Lordship an attention to the North River. I do not apprehend much danger from that quarter, but we do not know what men may attempt for the releif of so valuable a detachment as that upon Staten Island. I shall direct the Artillery to move as early as possible tomorrow. If you make the descent openly and in the face of the Enemy, you may probably have occasion for it. I am with great Regard Your Lor[d]ships most obt Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Woodford, 13 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Woodford, William

            Dr Sir
            Head qrs Morris Town January the 13. 1780

          I received Your Letter of the 6th with the proceedings of the Court Martial in the case of Thomas Warren. From the frequency of sentences affecting life, and the Many executions that have been in consequence, I wish the Court Martial, altho the conduct of the prisoner was certainly criminal, had given a sentence less severe; and for the same reasons that the proceedings had not been sent me. I return them with a Copy of an Article of War of the 14th of April 1777—by which you will perceive that you have power to order the sentence to be executed—or to suspend it till the pleasure of Congress can be known on your submitting the proceedings to them. You will use your discretion in the matter—If it is the first Great Offence, it might be best perhaps for him to be pardoned. Your natural disposition to humanity especially in so interesting a point, if you think the execution of the prisoner can be dispensed with, will lead You to mention I am certain, whatever was favourable in his past character. I am &c.

            G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Woodford, 13 January 1780
From: Woodford, William
To: Washington, George

            Dear Genl
            Philadelphia 13th Jany 1780

          The extreem badness of the weather has detaind the Troops much longer here then I could have expected, togeather with the dificulty of geting them supplied with necessaries for so long a March by land; they are still dificient in Blankets, Breeches & Shirts, for other things are tolerably well off.
          The two divisions under Colos. Russell & Nevill with the Artilery, are by this time at or near Lancaster; the third & last division Marched this Day, & Tomorrow I shall leave Town to get into the Front, & after giving the necessary orders shall proceed to Fredericksburg to make provision for their reception.
          It was thought best by the Board of war to march them separately [in] this severe weather, for the conveniency of accommodateing them with quarters, but by the time they reach Fredericksburg I should hope it will be more moderate, that the Tents may be pitched & the Troops move in a Boddy, which will contribute much to good order & decipline—this however will depend upon circumstances, by which I must govern my conduct.
          Colo. Cabell inclosed a Genl Return of the Virginia line to the Adjut. Genl by which your Excellency will see a State of the Troops.
          We have allready had some desertions, though not yet considerable, but I am under great anxiety on that account in our march through the State, the bad consequences of which I much dread. every thing in my power shall be done to prevent that & other mischeifs to the service.
          a number of men who reinlisted for the war late in last winter & in the spring were not furloughed, but promised that indulgence this winter, which most of them claim—the Board of war

have directed that the publick Faith should not be violated, but the engagement complied with; this will thin our Battalions, & from the great number of inducements they will meet with in the State to violate their Furloughs, I apprehend a bad account of them in the Spring. I have endeavour’d to persuade them to stay for this indulgence till a future Day, I have been able to prevail but in few instances.
          The necessary orders have been given some time ago for provision to be made for the Troops upon the rout we are to March, but I have sent one of my own quartermasters forward to Petersburg to lend his aid in the business, & to return & meet me upon the March, that I may know what we have to depend upon.
          I shall do myself the honour to write your Excellency from Fredericksburg, or sooner if any thing occurs, & I wish most sincerely to be able to give you a more pleasing account of our progress then the present prospect promises. with the most perfect attachment & respect I am Your Excellencies Obedt humble Servt

            Wm Woodford


Title: General Orders, 14 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head-Quarters Morristown friday January 14th 1780.
            Parole Day—  C. Signs Ease. Fancy.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Francis Barber, 14 January 1780
From: Barber, Francis
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Woodbury—Glocestor County [N.J.] Jany 14th 1780

          I arrived at this place on the 12th instant, and the day following the magistrates were assembled. Upon reading your adress they expressed great distress at the sufferings of the army, and

the utmost readiness to take up the business immediately. They possessed not the least doubt, that the quantity of Indian corn (of wheat, they said, they had none) would be speedily collected; but were somewhat apprehensive that from the disaffection of the owners, a number of the cattle must be impressed. In this case, they unanimously agreed to represent such persons, & the number each ought to supply, and recommended my taking them without hesitation. In all probability, the whole of the grain & cattle will be started from hence in less time than was allowed for collecting them.
          On my journey to this place, I saw at Princeton, I believe, about forty or fifty cattle belonging to the army, and I was informed by several inhabitants that they had been there in a starving condition for more than two weeks. I am also informed by the magistrates here, that there are in this town & the neighbourhood of it above one hundred cattle, which have been purchased for the army a considerable time—some of them for more than a year past. Mr ⟨H⟩ugg informs me he has just received orders to forward fifty & retain the rest of them until Spring.
          I should be glad to be instructed, whether the grain should not be forwarded immediately from this place without preparation, the transportation being at present so exceedingly easy; and whether it should be sent to Morristown, or lodged at the mills on this side the camp. I am, Sir, with the highest respect & esteem your Excellency’s very humble Servant

            F. Barber


Title: To George Washington from the Board of War, 14 January 1780
From: Board of War
To: Washington, George

            sir
            War Office [Philadelphia] January 14. 1780

          The Board have been honoured by your Letters of the 11th. We are much obliged by your ready Compliance with our Request contained in our Letter of the 3d & we hope substantial Benefits will acrue from the Measure.
          Col. Mitchell was pointedly directed to proceed to Camp this Day. We believe he has complied with the Orders ⟨w⟩e gave; if not Nothing shall be wanting on our Part to accelerate his Journey.
          The last Division of the Virginia Troops going to South Carolina marched yesterday from this Post. The Weather & unexpected Embarrassments have delayed them so long. We have ordered the Troops under the Command of Col. Febiger at Trenton & Maidenhead to move to this Place to be by Directions of Congress marched into Virginia & there discharged except a few to be retained out of those whose Times of Service will the latest expire as Guards over Prisoners at Lancaster who are, when able, to proceed to Fort Frederic⟨k⟩ & the Guards will be discharged after safely escorting them to that Place. We recommended this Measure of marching the Troops into Virginia on

seeing an Extract of your Excellency’s Letter to General Woodford on the Subject. We have the Honour to be with the greatest Respect & Esteem your very obedt servants

            Richard PetersBy order


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Edward Carrington, 14 January 1780
From: Carrington, Edward
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Sussex Court House [N.J.] Jan. 14th 1780

          I have the pleasure to acquaint your Excellency, that twelve Justices, & several, Active, Militia Officers, met at this place last night, & have decisively taken on them the business of collecting & delivering the grain & cattle required from this County, agreable, in point of time, & every other respect, to the address with which I had the Honor to be sent them. those Gentlemen are so situated as to have a pretty general influence through the County & I think, from the Zeal which their ready attendance here, ⟨with⟩ the present circumstances of the roads, we may rely on a pretty punctual compliance with their engagements. the snow here is between three & four feet deep on an average, & rendered still more embarrassing, by drifting, and, as ⟨we⟩ go further up the county, increases in the same proportion as from Morris Town hither. a number of those Gentlemen had their own ways to beat through the vast quantity of snow, in order to Attend here. from this State of the Matter your Excellency will conceive it lucky, that the civil Officers have Undertaken the business, as the impress must have been attended with much delay, for the depth of the ways many of which, would not have

been marked by a single foot Step, must have impeded our movements excessively. besides these prospects I have the pleasure to find that pretty ⟨clever⟩ supplies are dispatching from this place, & Major Hoops’s, which the Purchasers had got together, so that I am in hopes the Troops in Camp will shortly be more happily circumstanced than I left them. I shall stay here ’till the business is fully compleated, & will leave nothing undone, that can expedite it. I have the Honor to be with much respec⟨t⟩ your Excellencies Mo. Humbe Servt

            Ed. Carrington L. Col. Art.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General James Clinton, 14 January 1780
From: Clinton, James
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Little Brittain [New Windsor, N.Y.] Jany 14th 1780

          I beg leave to inform your Excey that in consequence of Permission obtained of Genl Sullivan I retired from the Army about the last of November to visit my Mother who was then dangerously ill, and is since dead—This Circumstance has rendered it necessary for me to continue at home longer than I at first intended: I woud therefore presume to request a continuation of your Excy’s Indulgence, that connstance with the good of the service untill some family Affairs are settled: I am encouraged to mak⟨e⟩ this request as Col. Courtlandt commands the Brigade—but if it shoud appear improper, I shall hold myself in readiness to wait your Excellency’s Commands on the shortest Notice. I have the honor to be with great respect your Exys most hubl. servt

            James Clinton


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel William De Hart, 14 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To: De Hart, William

            Sir
            Head Quarters Moristown 14th Jany 1780

          I desire that you will immediately on the receipt of this, collect your detatchment and march to New-Ark. If you can move your m⟨en⟩ in sleds, it will ⟨b⟩e much more expeditious, and I would wish you, if possible, to be there early to-morrow morning. An attempt is to be made by a detatchment of the army under the command of Lord Stirling against the enemy upon Staten Island. The object of your taking post at New-Ark is to observe the motions of the enemy upon the North-River and at Powles Hook. If the river should be, by any means possible, they will certainly endeavour to send a relief that way, as I believe the navigation between New-York and Staten Island is totally interrupted by the ice. You will keep parties of observation over towards Bergen, and should they discover any motion in that qua⟨r⟩ter⟨,⟩ you will instantly communicat⟨e⟩ it by way of Elizabeth Town to Lord Stirling. You will obey any commands which you may receive from his Lordship. I am sir your obt servt

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Stephen Moylan, 14 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Moylan, Stephen

            Dear sir
            Head Quarters Morris Town 14th Jany 1780

          His Excellency Govr Trumbull has written to me lately and informed me that the executive of the State of Connecticut are determined to take the most vigorous measures for stopping the intercourse between the inhabitants of that State and the Enemy in New York and upon Long Island, and has requested me to direct the assistance of the Cavalry should they be found necessary for the more effectual execution of the law. I have, in answer, represented to the Governor that the Horse, after a hard Campaign, require as much repose as possible in their Winter quarters, and have therefore desired him to call for them only

in cases of emergency. I hope you will not often have occasion to detach the Horse upon Business of this kind, but I am to desire you to comply with the requisitions when made. Should they be too frequent we must take an opportunity of remonstrating against the practice. I am &c.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Enoch Poor, 14 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Poor, Enoch

            Dear Sir
            Head Quarters Morris Town 14 Jany 1780

          His Excellency Governor Trumbull has written to me lately and informed me that the executive of the State of Connecticut are determined to take the most vigorous measures for stopping the intercourse between the Inhabitants of that state and the Enemy in New York and upon Long Island, and has requested me to direct you to assist the Civil authority in the more effectual execution of their law should it be necessary. You will be therefore be pleased, should you be called upon by the Governor, to furnish the parties which may be deemed requisite for the purposes above mentioned. I am &c.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Isaac Sherman, 14 January 1780
From: Sherman, Isaac
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Brunswick [N.J.] 14th Jany 1780

          Colo. Nelson left town just before my arrival, and has not been here since—I wrote immediately to as many Magistrates as I could collect the names of, requesting them to meet at this place on the 11th instant, and take into consideration a requisition from Your Excelly: several of the gentlemen met agreeable to the request, but there not being a majority they did nothing decisive respecting the matter. They agreed to meet on the 13th instant and desired me to notify all the Magistrates not before sent to—I did and at the time the Gentlemen assembled, and

took into consideration the Requisition, resolving unaninously to comply with it—proposing to collect one hundred head of Cattle with 300 bushels of grain at Quibbletown on wednesday next and sooner if possible—33 head and a proportion of grain at Kingston, 67 head and a proportion of grain at Spotswod next monday or tuesday at which places they wish to have their Cattle estimated and certificates given, as being more convenient for the inhabitants, after which they will see them sent to quibble town the place where the whole is to be collected; and also that a Commisy may be sent to these places at the day fixed, fore the purpose—There are two or three Commisys in this town who can easily attend, and if agreeable to Your Excelly will give direction for them to do it—The Magistrates are willing to assign mills fore the reception of the grain, and promise to have it immediately ground and will then forward it to Camp—I expect to have all the Articles collected at Quibble town by next thursday. I am with the greatest Esteem and respect Your Excelly Most Obedt servt

            Isaac Sherman


Title: From George Washington to Major General Stirling, 14 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)

            My Lord
            Head Quarters Morris Town 14 Jany 1780

          I have directed Lt Colo. De Haart with a detachment of 250 Men to move from paramus to Newark and send parties of observation from thence to Bergen to watch the motions of the enemy upon the North River and at Paulus Hook. He will communicate with your Lordship by way of Elizabeth town and is directed to receive any commands from you.
          The detachment will move from hence as soon as the sleds, which are coming in, are collected.
          I have reason to beleive that many of the inhabitants, suspecting that something is in agitation, are preparing to go upon the

Island with intent to plunder. Every thing of this kind should be prohibited as far as possible. If any of the Militia will embody themselves regularly and put themselves under your Lordships command, and share the fatigues of the Soldiers, I think they should be encouraged in such Case and admitted to an equal share with the Continental Troops of whatever shall be brought off by authority.
          I have furnished the party that marches this morning with woolen Caps and Mitts and shall send down a parcel for those below.
          I think it will be advisable when you get upon the Island to let the Inhabitants know that such as are found in Arms must expect to be treated as Enemies, and their Effects given up as plunder. I would be understood to hold out this by way of Threat, rather than put it in execution, as to taking their Effect⟨s⟩ such as are found in Arms they must be brought off as prisoners of War.
          A Central position to the three posts on the Island will no doubt be thought most eligible—That the Garrisons may afford no releif to each other, or have any communication. I am with great Esteem Yr Lordships most obt Servt

            G. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Stirling, 14 January 1780
From: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Cranes Mills [N.J.] Janry 14: 1780

          I was last night honored with your Excellency’s letter of the 13th; in consequence of which it is determined to pass upon the Island by day Break in the morning. On inquiry, I find, the men have no axes with them, and we ought at least to have an hundred. We shall endeavour to procure as many as we can here; but

it is not probable we shall get a sufficient number. I therefore request your Excellency to give instant orders for a supply to arrive if possible at this place by twelve oClock this night. They had better come directly to General Irvins Quarters—Lest there should be delay, it were to be wished some very trusty person should be charged with them.
          There is at the short Hills, an Eighteen pounder which we intend to make use of. she probably is without ammunition. Will your Excellency have the goodness to order a supply as expeditiously as possible? If there are no Eighteen pound shot, twelves will be better than none. I am your Excellency’s Most Humble Servt

            Stirling,


Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 14 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.

            Dr Sir
            Head Quarters Morristown 14th January 1780

          I was yesterday honored with your Excellency’s favor of the 27th ultimo. It gives me pleasure to hear that the legislature of your State have fallen upon so effectual measures to put a stop to all illicit intercourse between its inhabitants and the enemy in New-York and upon Long Island. The practice I am convinced has been extremely beneficial to our enemy and detrimental to us. I have ever exerted the military authority to the utmost to restrain it, and I flatter myself that I have lately in conjunction and with the approbation of the civil power of this State checked the practice in this quarter, which had grown under the cover of flag boats, and through their abuse, to a most alarming hight.

I left orders of a similar nature with General Heath, which I am persuaded he will execute punctually, so far as cases may fall within the limits of his command. I have given directions to Genl Poor to assist the Civil authority when called upon for the more effectual execution of the law to which you refer. Col. Moylan who commands the cavalry now stationed at Colechester, is also desired to do the same. I must however observe to your Excellency that as the horse after a fatiguing campaign, require as much repose as possible in their winter quarters, I shall be obliged to you for dispensing with their services as far as circumstances will admit—only calling upon them in cases of emergency.
          The cavalry had, previous to your Excellency’s representation, been ordered to remove to Colchester, upon hearing that there would be much difficulty and expence in procuring forage in their former quarters.
          The impossibility of obtaining intelligence from the enemy by any other means than giving persons some plausible pretext for entering their lines has laid us under the necessity of allowing particular people to carry in small matters of produce and to bring out goods in return. That they abuse this indulgence is too true, but when we consider the risque they run, and that the persons who are willing to undertake business of this kind, are generally such as are influenced by interested motives, we must not wonder at their preferring their own emolument to the public good. I am Dr Sir, with great regard Your obt & hble servt

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Witherspoon, 14 January 1780
From: Witherspoon, John
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Tusculum near Princeton [N.J.] Jany 14. 1780

          I have heard with much Concern the Straits the Army is in for Provision in this very severe Season. The Justices of this County of Somerset and others also in this neighbourhood are ex⟨ert⟩ing themselves with great Zeal to send forward Supplies—They were at my House Yesterday when I spared them two Beeves which are to go in Meat upon a Sledge to Day to Somerset Court house.
          On conversing with my Neighbours I easily found that the dep⟨lo⟩rable State of the Money & the uncertainty of Payment is the true Caus⟨e⟩ of the Difficulty. It therefore occurred to me to write to You & suggest that you might write to Congress and propose that they should immediately publish that the Certificates granted by the Commissaries at your Requisition for Grain or other Provisions should be received in Payment of the Taxes for continental Purposes to the Amount of the Value certified. I am firmly of Opinion & so are those with whom I conversed that if this was done they would immediately bring in every Thing that could be spared from their own Familie’s use. If you have no⟨t⟩ already done something of this Kind & it appears reasonable to you t⟨he⟩ sooner it is done the better. I propose to write to the President of Congress to the same Purpose my self but your Opinion would have greater Weight.
          It was also signified to me Yesterday in the Evening that there have been a good Many Cattle belonging to the Continent at Princeton fo⟨r⟩ some Time not forwarded for Want of Orders while they are kept and I suppose ill kept at a monstrous Expence. I shall be in Prin⟨ce⟩ton to Day & make some Enquiry about it. I am Your Excellencys most obedt humble Servant

            Jno. Witherspoon


Title: From George Washington to the Board of War, 15–17 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

            Gentn
            Head Quarters Morris Town 15th[–17] January 1780

          I was duly honored with yours of the 21st ulto by Capt. Edgar. I should have replied to it sooner, had not my whole time and attention been of late engrossed by endeavouring to raise a supply of provision for the Army.
          With respect to the Cloathing for Colo. Sheldons Regiment, I think you had best order Messr Otis and Henley to procure a quantity equivalent to a full Corps, and when finished to forward it to the Cloathier General, or at least put it under his direction. He may then deliver to Colo. Sheldon a sufficiency for whatever number of Men he may have. This I concieve will be putting the matter in its proper channel. The overplus Cloathing, if any, may be applied by the Cloathier to the other Corps of Horse.
          I agree with the Board that it will be time enough to provide Horses &ca when we see what number of mounted Dragoons we shall probably have occasion for the next campaign. We shall find the greatest difficulty in subsisting the few Horse we already have, thro’ the Winter. I will write to the Colonels or commanding Officers of Moylans. Blands and Baylors Regs. for their respective arrangements, which ought to be compleated, before the Commissions are partially issued, and before the Vacancies for Feild Officers can be filled—as the two eldest Captains of the line, intitled to Majorities in Moylans and Blands, are not yet ascertained. As I obtain the arrangements I will transmit them to the Board.
          With regard to the point about Aides de Camp, on which the Board are pleased to request my sentiments it is clearly my

opinion, that those appointed before the 27th May 1778 and now in service as Aides, and who are not admissible into any State line, are eligible to commands and to sit on Courts Martial, according to the Ranks given by the Resolution of the 5th June 1776 as they may respectively apply, and may be nominated occasionally to either, by special order, when the commander in Cheif or Officer commanding in any department where they are shall think proper. This I hold to be the case with respect to every Officer serving with the Army to whom Rank has been given—In a military point of View—Rank necessarily implies a capacity to be elected to command or to sit on Courts Martial, and the only essential difference between Aides and officers under the description I have mentioned, and others, is—the last are attached permanently to particular Corps by their Commissions—the first—to the line of the Army at large, but not to any particular Corps, and when employed it is on detachments, and of course only temporarily. The case of these is nearly simila⟨r⟩ to that of General officers who have no particular Corps designated in their Commissions for their command, but who depend on a special order for the purpose. Without this, such Aides &ca cannot command, but when this is given, all officers, in the detachment to which they are appointed, of inferior Rank, or of the same, but of posterior appointments, are subject to them. And whether the Rank is conferred by a Commission of the common form—or by Brevet—or by an Act of the States in Congress, it is equally valid, and its operation must be precisely the same in these instances. Were a contrary principle to be established, the Rank given these Officers would be a mere sound, void of reality or any meaning—Besides such a conclusion being intirely unmilitary, it would be the extreme of injustice, at least, to many Gentlemen under these descriptions, whose services have been long—faithful—and I cannot but add of great advantage to their Country. As to the issuing of Commissions for them, and the sort they should be, it will be with the Board or perhaps with Congress to decide, but it appears to me that it would only be right for them to receive Commissions of the usual form, confirming their Rank from the times of their appointment, where they were properly made, and securing to them every emolument of service—With respect to Brigade Majors—I cannot find any Resolution giving them Rank.

          It is to be regretted that there has been such a want of system in this Business, and that some Gentlemen have received one sort of Commissions and some another—while others, whose pretensions are equal on every consideration have received none at all. I have the honor to be &c.

            P.S. 17th Yours of the 14th is come to hand.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Hamilton, 15 January 1780
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

              Dr Sir,
              Jany [15] One oClock [A.M.]

            On our present plan, It appears to me the quantity of ammunition proposed by General Knox for the Artillery is insufficient. A larger consumption may be necessary—The Stone houses in which the enemy may attempt to defend themselves may be obstinate and we should have it in our power by the severity and duration of our fire to bring them to reason. I take the liberty to suggest these matters, and to add that if more is to be sent it cannot come with too much dispatch.
            I am requested by his Lordship to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of this evening 7 oClock to the contents of which he will pay particular attention. Our intelligence of the state of the ice at Bergen point makes it impassable; but the point is not absolutely ascertained. We find great difficulty in getting down the piece of cannon mentioned by his Lordship, but it might be effected tomorrow. However as there is no ammunition for

it, it would be of no use. I have the honor to be yr Excellency’s respectful & obedt servt

              Alex. Hamilton

            The troops are beginning to get in motion.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Henry Jackson, 15 January 1780
From: Jackson, Henry
To: Washington, George

            sir
            Morristown Jany 15. 1780

          I receivd a note from Colonel Harrison this morning desireing I would State to your Excellency in writeg the complaint I yesterday made against Brig. General Stark.
          My principal Complaint against him is, that he has discharged a man from my Regiment who had at the time of his discha[r]ge more than twelve months to serve, and this without my knowledge altho present in Camp or a certificate from any other Officer in my Regiment—The discharge of this man in its consequences affect my whole Regiment, as he is discharg’d on the principle of his engagement for three years being ended in this month altho he did not inlist untill Novr 77, and of consequenc⟨e⟩ cannot expire untill next Novr—but in addition to this he deserted & was gone some months which time is to be added to his term of Service, were this discha[r]ge to be Valid a very great proportion of my Regiment would claim their discharges immediately, being on the same footing with respect to the time of their engagement.
          I might add that General Stark has frequently cast many bitter reflections of the sixteen Battalions (three of which are in his Brigade) tending to discourage both Officers & Soldiers to

the great detrement of the service in General, but I do not wish to Criminate a Man on these Charges who has been of service to his Country, my only motive for making the representation to your Excellency was to prevent a repetition of the like conduct in future—but if your Excellency should think them material I am ready to make the charges & bring proof to support them. I have the Honor to be with the greatest respect your Excellencys most obt Hume servant

            Henry Jackson


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Henry Knox, 15 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Knox, Henry

              Head Quarters [Morristown]Saturday Morng [15 Jan. 1780]
              Dear Sir

            I have this moment recd a letter from Colo. Hamilton. It is Lord Stirlings opinion that the quantity of Amunition sent with the peices may be perhaps insufficient, should they find the Houses possessed by the Enemy stronger than are expected. You will be pleased to send a further supply to Elizabeth Town without loss of time, that we may lose no advantage for want of it—The troops began to move this morning at 2 ’OClock. I am Dear Sir Your most obt Servt

              Go: Washington

            Be pleased to let me have an answer.


Title: From George Washington to William Livingston, 15 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, William

            Dr Sir
            Morristown Jany 15th 1780

          I sincerely regret that any circumstances should render it necessary for you to make use of Mr Parson’s house instead of Perseppeny. If you think a guard would give you security in your own dwelling, I shall be happy to furnish you with one, and am Dr Sir &.


Title: To George Washington from William Livingston, 15 January 1780
From: Livingston, William
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            Morris[town] 15 Jany 1780

          I am extremely obliged to your Excellency for your very kind & polite offer of a Guard for my Security at Persippeney. But as I am pretty commodiously lodged in my present Quarters, & so near my family as to have constant Intercourse with it, I cannot think of putting the men to that trouble for my sake.
          Agreeable to your Excellencys Invitation, I shall do myself the Honour of dining with you to morrow, & am with great Esteem Dear Sir your Excellency’s most humble servant

            Wil: Livingston


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Isaac Sherman, 15 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Sherman, Isaac

            Sir
            Head Quarters Morris Town 15 January 1780

          I was last Evening favd with yours of yesterday. It gives me pleasure to hear that you have executed your Business with so much ease and satisfaction. I have had the same favorable reports from several of the neighbouring Counties.
          You will be pleased to call upon the Commissaries who are in

Brunswic and direct them to attend at the several places fixed upon by the Magistrates to receive and give Certificates for the Cattle and Grain. I am &c.


Title: General Orders, 16 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head-Quarters Morristown sunday Jany 16th [1780]
            Parole Kidd—  C. Signs Lamb. Mole.


Title: To George Washington from Ephraim Blaine, 16 January 1780
From: Blaine, Ephraim
To: Washington, George

            Please your Excelly Sir
            Philada 16th Jany 1780

          Last Wedensday I accepted the Appointment of Commissa[r]y Genl of purchases and previous thereto had every assurence from Congress of their utmost exertions in furnishing Money and recommending such Measures to the Executive Authorities

of the United States as will not fail in enabling me to procure Ample supplies for the army—I am Promised Instructions and money the 21st Instant at which time shall set out for Head Quarters on my way to the Eastward—my flour is coming on fast from Maryland and the Deleware State. and Your Excellency may be assur’d that I shall use every Possible exertion to lay in a Small Magazine to remedy against the breaking up of the frost—particular returns of the supplies in the middle department shall be furnished your Excellency when I come up, the Governor and Council of Maryland deserve great Credit for their Spirited exertions to enable the Commissary’s to procure supply upon receipt of your letter and believe it will not be in the Power of Engrocers or Speculators to hide or procure a Single barrel of flour. this will add Considerably to our Magazines—I am trying to engage A Gentleman to take Mr Flints station at Head quarters, and hope to relieve him in a very few days—am with much due reguard, your Excellencies Most Obdt and Most Hble Servant

            Eph: Blaine C.G.P.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Duportail, 16 January 1780
From: Duportail, Antoine-Jean-Louis Le Bègue de Presle
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Morris Town January 16th 1780

          I take the liberty to recommend to your Excellency, Captain Neven who asks to be placed in The Corps of Engineers and who appears to me to have every claim to this favour—Your Excellency will see by the Letter which he has written me and which I annex, that he has long done the Service of [a]n Engineer. Colonel Koskiuske has told me much in his favour, and Colonel Gouvion, with whom he was employed all last Winter at King’s ferry has Spoke to me of him in a manner still more favorable. He found him intelligent, attentive to duty, active and according to The informations I have had besides, it appears that he has always conducted himself perfectly well where ever he has been. He was appointed Captain in Malcom’s Regiment, in The year 1777—so that he expects not to be made less Than a Captain in the Corps of Engineers—and as since it was reformed on the 23d of April 1779. he has been always employed as an Engineer, it would only be just that his Commission be datted from that time and that he Should have his appointments from that period.
          I pray Your Excellency to be so good that I may avail myself of This occasion to represent That The officers of Sappers and Miners have not received their Commissions, I wrote about a month ago to the Board of War upon this Subject but having received no answer I am obliged to importune Your Excellency a new—and to pray that you will be so good as to write to them again. I have the honour to be, with the highest Respect Your Exc[e]llency The most obedient and very humb[l]e Servent

            Duportail br⟨ig⟩. genr.Commdt of the engin[e]er⟨s⟩


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene and Brigadier General Duportail, 16 January 1780
From: Greene, Nathanael,Duportail, Antoine-Jean-Louis Le Bègue de Presle
To: Washington, George

            Sir.
            Morristown. 16th Jany 1780.

          To locate the army to any particular spots, may facilitate the Enemies getting possession of advantageous grounds, either upon one or the other of our flanks. It appears to us more proper therefore, that we move the troops upon the high and advantageous grounds, according as the motions of the enemy may indicate an intention to make an impression at particular places.
          Having examined the grounds, in and about camp, agreable to your Excellency’s order of the 15th of December, We are of opinion, that the range of hills marked P.O.N. is that upon which the troops may be most advantageously posted, to receive the enemy, should they present themselves in front of the mountains from Morristown to Kembles. Should the enemy approach us by Baskinridge and that quarter, we must occupy the grounds from the hill P. to the hill R: but if they approach us by pluckemin, Blackriver and Mendham, we must draw up in the form of two sides of a square, from the hill R to the hill S, and from the hill S to the hill T., the last of which lies a little in front of the Pennsylvania Line. Should the enemy attempt to penetrate our rear, by the way of the York Brigade, we must take post from the hill U. to the hill N.
          Some of the positions are weaker than others, and some parts of each, weaker than the rest: such are the intervals between the mountain Q to the Mountain R and between the Mountain R and the Mountain S. Therefore to be safe in those positions (should we be greatly inferior to the Enemy) it will be necessary to strengthen these places by art; and for this purpose, it would be well to preserve as much of the wood as possible standing on the ground.
          The several positions we have marked, being composed of a chain of hills, have this advantage, that we never can be brought to a general action; the hills being divided by deep valleys, which form each, in a manner, a distinct post.
          We must govern our retreat according to the enemies approach. If they approach us by the way of Morris, we can retreat by the way of Mendham, but if they approach us by the way of Baskinridge, or Mendham, we may retreat by the way of Morris.

However, the position of the army is at such a remove from the enemy, and so difficult of access, that there is little probability of their attempting any thing against us, without a greater diminution of our force, than we have reason to expect. We are with great respect your Excellency’s Most obedient Humble Servant

            Nath. Greene Q.M.G.DuportailCommdt of the Corps of the eng⟨ineers⟩


Title: From George Washington to Major Henry Lee, Jr., 16 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Henry Jr.

            Dear sir
            Head Quarters Morris Town 16 Jany 1780

          I have recd your favr of the 13th—I hope you may meet with the same success in the Counties of Salem, Cumberland and Cape May, as that which has attended the Officers who went into those contiguous to the Camp—All from whom I have heard, found the Magistrates and people most willing to contribute to the releif of the Army.
          When you return from your present Tour, I shall have no objection to the leave of Absence you desire. I am convinced that your attention to duty and your regard to the good of your Corps will bring you back to it as soon as your Business will admit.
          Should Capt. Peyton find an opportunity of prosecuting the enterprize you have committed to his Care, I wish him success. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt.


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Phillips, 16 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Phillips, William

            sir
            Head qrs [Morristown] January the 16. 1780

          On Friday I received Your Letter of the 8th, with a duplicate of the One you did me the honor to write on the 29th of December. So far as they respect the case of Major Gardiner—I refer you to the inclosed Copies of My Letters to you & this Gentleman on the 2d Instant. I should suppose the Originals will have come to hand before this, as they were sent from hence in a day or two after they were written, with directions for them to be

forwarded by a Flag, either to Staten Island or to paulus Hook, as the weather might permit.
          The case of Major Harnage & Captain Hawker will in some measure depend on the result of the propositions now under consideration for a more general exchange. Should their release however not be effected in this way, I shall be happy to contribute as far as it may remain with me, to accomodate matters to the peculiarity of their circumstances.
          I have taken the ⟨ear⟩liest occasion to transmit the inclosed packet from His Excellency Governor Jefferson, which I only received to day. I have the Honor to be with respect & esteem sir Yr Most Obed. st

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Philip Schuyler, 16 January 1780
From: Schuyler, Philip
To: Washington, George

            My Dear Sir
            Albany January 1[6]th 1780

          I have many and Sincere thanks to render Your Excellency for your affectionate favor of the 25th ult., which I had the honor to receive on the 14th Instant Whilst I regret with Anxious Concern the Causes which deprive me and mine of the satisfaction and happiness we promised ourselves from an Interview with You and Your lady at this place I lament with all the feelings which Affection can Inspire the pain and distress you are exposed to from the Miserably deranged State of our public Affairs, the fatal Influence pervades Into every quarter, and is Sensibly felt here. the public officers are without money and without Credit, and can procure nothing or next to nothing, the Garrison of Fort Schuyler has been on half Allowance And that of Fort George on the very point of Evacuating It. A temporary Supply is

afforded to both but Such is the exceeding Scarcity of Flour that It is quite problamatical wether a Sufficient Supply of that Article can be procured during the present severe weather I have advised the Commissary to provide a Substitute of Rye meal and Indian Corn meal And he is now useing his best endeavours to procure It—The Great Number of horses fed here make heavy drafts on the forrage of the Country I have Intreated Colo. Van Schaick to order their number to be reduced to the smallest possible, and have requested Colo. Lewis to come hither and shall advise him to Such Arrangements as will make a Considerable Saving In both Forrage & provision; I shall and with Great Chearfulness Enter Into Immediate measures to procure the Information Your Excellency wishes to have relative to the Enemys force at the North End of Lake Champlain, and hope soon to transmit Such Accounts of It as may be relyed on; Forrage is in very Considerable plenty on the rout to Canada thro the New Hampshire Grants as far as Otter Creek; A full Sufficiency for the operation you Contemplate may Also be Almost Instantaniously procured on the Communication by Hudsons river If a Supply of Money can be Obtained for the purpose, And I have not a doubt but that An Adequate complement Of Sleds might be procured In like Manner to Convey not only the proposed number of troops wit⟨h e⟩very necessary Requisite for such an Enterpriz⟨e⟩ but If even they were augmented to One thousand.
          Colo. V. Schaick has written Your Excellency on the Subject of the Snow Shoes & Makissons the former will be procured but I apprehend he will fail In the latter, a Substitute may however be provided but as It might be Imprudent to afford the least cause to Guess at the design I shall transmit a pair as a Sample by my daughter who takes the Advantage of a visit Mrs Renselaer is going to pay In Jersey to make her respects to Your Lady—Flannel or woolen Socks to go under the Mackissons will be necessary, a quantity of parched Corn Ground Into meal and Sweetned, seems necessary together with some dryed Clams If they can be Obtained In case the party Should be drove to retreat by a rout which would not lead them to ⟨Water⟩ they must leave their Sleds, which will probably be near Isle-au-noi⟨x⟩ If they proceed towards St Johns by the most direct rout, Or at the bottom of Missisque Bay If they should be directed to Cross the penensula formed by that bay and the part of the lake which leads to

St Johns, the latter rout is probably the most Eligable as It will least expose the party to a discovery, and hence promise fairest for Success, tho the march would be Considerably more lengthy than from the vicinity of Isle-au-noix.
          I believe It would be most prudent that the Mockissons, Machines for firing the Vessels, Powder horns, bullet pouches, Matches, Flints Steels and tinder horns Should be packed up below and Sent With or previous to the March of the troops from their quarters. Indian Leggings or In lieu Coarse Stockings with the feet part taken of[f] to tye over the Shoes and prevent the Snow Entering would be extreamly useful Tomahawks and felling axes are here in Sufficient number; If Your Excellency Should find yourself In a Condition to order the Attempt, and determine on It I will most Chearfully Charge myself with the arrangments that may be necessary here, and procure the forrage on my own Credit to be reimbursed whenever the public shall be In a Condition to do It.
          Deeply Impresed my Dear Sir with a Sense of the Extensive Advantages which would probably result to these States from a perfect and permanent reconciliation with an Enemy so formidable to a weak and Extensive frontier as fatal experience has evinced the Savages to be, and to whom distance of Situation seems no great Obstacle to prevent their Incursions; Reflecting on the exceedingly distressed State of our Finan⟨ce⟩ The little prospect of their Speedily becoming more respectable; The Almost Insurmountable difficulties which exist and which render Adequate Supplies for that Army only which must of necessity be kept towards the Sea Coast very precarious: The little prospect that You will be Able to detatch a Competent body of troops to protect the frontiers; The distress and Expence Incident on Calling out the Militia for that purpose; the Apparent Improbability of any further Offensive operations against the Indians with any prospect of Adequate Advantage; The Obstacles which would be removed Should Events arise which would Enable You to turn Your Attention to the Reduction of Canada or that of the Enemies Fortresses In the Interior part of the Country, appear to me Considerat[i]ons which Seem to render a peace with the Barbarians not only desirable but Even necessary, and have Influenced me to venture on measures of so Delicate a nature, that I dare not trust them to paper to bring about a reconciliation.

I think they promise fair for Success, and Mr Deane the only white person I have Intrusted on the Occassion writes me In a letter of the 10th Instant from Fort Schuyler “that the Indians (meaning a few very trusty ones employed In this business) are very Sanguine In their expectations of the Good Effects which they think will porbably be the Consequence of their Mission and of what they are permitted to say to the Six nations.”
          The Bearer hereof is Master John Van Renselaer my Nephew, his Mother was Married a Second time to Dr Bruce of the british and is now In New York, he wishes much to See her, and has Governor Clintons pass to go In, but his Grandfather whose heir he is, is exceedingly Apprehensiv⟨e⟩ least he should not be permitted to return If the request is not Improper I have to Intreat Your Excellency to permit a flag to proceed with him to the Enemys lines, And that the Officer who may be Charged with the flag be directed to receive assurances that he will be permitted to return If he goes Into the City, and If those Cannot be Obtained not to Suffer him to go In, but to Intreat ⟨that⟩ his Mother may have leave to see him at the lines.
          Mr Cuyler the purchasing Commissary has this moment left me. I had Advised him some time Since to procure the most Exact account possible of the flour he might depend upon of the last Years Crop. he reports fifteen thousand Barrels In Dutchess County and ⟨ulster⟩ together; one thousand In Albany; And About three thousand bushells of wheat at Bennington which is now Collecting there.
          I am Informed that Colo. Lewis has actually purchased 8000 bushell⟨s⟩ of Corn in the New Hampshire Grants that some of It is now In A Store about ten miles above this and the remainder ordered there.
          Be pleased to make my best respects to Mrs Washington. and to believe me with Every Sentiment of Esteem and Affection Your Excellencys most Obedient Humble Servant,

            Ph: Schuyler


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Israel Shreve, 16 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Shreve, Israel

            Sir
            Head Quarters Morris Town 16th Jany 1780

          I have recd your favr of the 14th I am in hopes you will execute the whole of your Business without being under the necessity of making a collection by military force. You may make up

any deficiency in Flour by Indian Corn or Meal. I am Sir Your most obt Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Goose Van Schaick, 16 January 1780
From: Van Schaick, Goose
To: Washington, George

            Sr
            Albany January 16th 1780

          I have Yesterday Received a Letter from Thomas Chittenden who Calls himself Governor of the State of Vermount Requesting Provisions &c. for Men Ordered into service By him an Authority which I am not at Liberty to Acknowledge Have therefore Inclosed a Coppy of Mr Chittendens Letter and my Answer to him, and Beg that I may be Honoured with Your Exellencyes Directions In this Case. I am Most Respectfully, Your Exellencyes Most Obdt servant

            G. V. Schaick


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel William De Hart, 17 January 1780
From: De Hart, William
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Newark [N.J.] Janry 17. 1780

          Agreeable to your Excellencys Orders I Brought the Detachment to this place Which I Perform’d in Nine Hours from the Receiving My Orders I Requested Col. Hamilton last Evening to Mention to your Excellency the Reasons of My Not Returning to Paramus Untill I Heard further from your Excellency.

          the Naked situation of One half of My Men the U⟨nc⟩ertainty I was in with Respect to My being Relief’d & the Distance So⟨illegible⟩ing great.
          I should ⟨be⟩ glad to Hear from Your Excellency As soon [as] Possible my Orders. I Am Sir Your Most Hum. Servt

            Wm D. Hart

            P:S: the Provision in Bergen County is Collecting fast I hear.

              W. D. Hart


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 17–18 January 1780
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

            Dear General,
            Highlands [N.Y.] January 17[–18] 1780.

          The last evening I was honor’d with yours of the 12th Instant, and this day have ordered a Court of Inquiry for the purposes therein mentioned. The enclosed Letter from Colonel Scammell is just handed to me by Major Painter. As the Major is in an ill State of health, the travelling exceedingly bad & very expensive, he has concluded to wait at Fishkill untill your Excellency’s pleasure is known whether he Shall proceed to Head quarters, or have a court appointed here.
          The court of enquiry who were appointed to investigate the cause of the North redoubt taking Fire on the Evening of the 9th Instant have reported that it was from an unforeseen accident—Enclosed is a certificate of the resignation of the Commission of Ensign Gilbert of the 1st Massachusett[s] regt. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect Your Excellencys Most obedt Sert

            W. Heath

            P.S. 18th. I am just honord with yours of 14th with a Post script of the next day, to which I shall pay due attention. Mr Read has not yet arrived. I have taken charge of the 250,000 Dollars brought by Mr Sherman untill Mr Read comes.

              W.H.


Title: To George Washington from Major Henry Lee, Jr., 17 January 1780
From: Lee, Henry Jr.
To: Washington, George

            sir
            Burlington [N.J.] Jany 17th 80

          My last letter to your Excellency was antedated by one day, so that the business of collecting supplys for the army commenced sooner than then reported.
          I found the countys to which I was sent very patriotic, & the magistrates anxious to give every aid to the army.
          Salem has fully complied with the demand from her.
          one hundd & seventy head of good cattle & twenty barrels of flower are on the way, tho’ they cannot reach camp sooner than the 25th The remainder of the flower will be forwarded as soon as manufactured: it is reposited in mills, & will be done with dispatch.
          Cumberland has no wheat, corn is already purchased in every county, & stored in Magazines.
          Is it to be ground into flower?, & what quantity?
          This county has the best desposition, but has been drained to such a degree, that the cattle will be very bad, hardly fit for slaughter.
          It is the same case with Cape May.
          I have determined agreeable to your Excellencys permission to send my furlough men to Maryland & Virga under officers with their horses—The former to rendezvous at the Head of Elk, & join at Burlington on the 1st of March—the latter to join on the 20th of March a sufficient number for the duty of the winter, will

remain here Captain Peyton returned last night from his incursion on Sandy hook—the noise of the men marching occasioned by the snow, alarmed the garrison: of course the attempt on the light house was omitted agreeable to orders—the shipping were assaulted, & three burnt, vizt one tender one schooner & one sloop. The prisoners taken amounted to twelve, these with the British officer captured some time sin[c]e will be sent to Philada The counterfiet money I have sent to the loan office to be burnt— Unfortunately the owner of it, was mortally wounded & left behind, so that no discovery can be made. I have the honor [to] be sir with the most perfect respect your Excellys most ob. servt

            Henry Lee Junr

            N.B. Th[e]re are quantitys of salt provision in Salem & Cumberland purchased for the Army, but no barrels to pack it in.


Title: To George Washington from Captain Joseph Traversie and Joseph Louis Gill, 17 January 1780
From: Traversie, Joseph,Gill, Joseph Louis
To: Washington, George

            Haverhill [N.H.] En Co’os Janr 17. 1780

          Mon General excusé nous, si nous prenont la liberté de vous scrire cet ligne; pour vous informer de ce que nous Sçavont a legard, du General Belly et du Col. Bedel.

          Depuis trois ans que nous sommes au service, nous scavont que cés Messieur⟨s⟩ ici, ont fournie atoutes les Sauvages qui sont ici a Co’os, toutes ce qui l’ont eu de besoin, et demander, et leur Subsistance, donc que toutes les Sauvages sont trés content d’eux. Mon General nous sommes Votre trés humble et trés obeisant serviteurs

            Joseph Traversie Capt. CanadienJoseph Gill Capt. des Sauvage


Title: General Orders, 18 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head-Quarters Morristown tuesday Jany 18th 80.
            Parole Oliver—  C. Signs Orpheus. Osmand.

          The Court-Martial whereof Major General Howe is President is to meet tomorrow morning 11 ôclock.
          A pound of hard or soft bread and one quarter of a pound of indian meal or a pound of flour and a pound of beef or fourteen ounces of pork to be the daily ration until further orders.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Richard Butler, 18 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Butler, Richard

            Dr
            Hd Qrs Morristown 18 Jany 1780

          I have received your letter of the 13th—and am happy to find that you have been so successful in your mission. I did not doubt the willingness of the good people to help us to the extent of their abilites, and their ready compliance confirms me in my opionion. I am much indebted to Colonl Taylor for his exertions on this occasion.
          You will forward to Morristown, as soon as it can be effected one thousand bushels of wheat and what Indian corn may be collected or what you shall collect. I am &.


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel William De Hart, 18 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To: De Hart, William

            Sir
            Head Quarters Morris Town 18th Jany 1780.

          I was last evening favd with yours of yesterday. A party will be immediately sent to paramus to occupy your former Ground, but you need not march your detachment back to that place—All that want Cloathing, or that are other w⟨a⟩ys out of order may be sent to Camp upon Sleds under a proper number of Officers. The remainder may stay at Newark untill Thursday Evening—The Officer commanding should have directions to keep a good look out on that quarter and to communicate any intelligence to Colo. Hazen, who has releived Genl Irvine. I do not think it improbable that the enemy may return our Visit if the Frost continues. It will I suppose be necessary for you to return to Bergen County to finish the business of collecting provision. Should you have occasi⟨on⟩ for a party, you may either retain one from your own detachment, or call upon the Officer who releives you, for what Men are requisite. I am Sir Your most obt Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 18 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

            sir
            Head qrs Morris Town January 18 1780

          Major General Baron de Steuben, who goes to philadelphia on business, will do me the honor of presenting this Letter to your Excellency. From this Gentleman’s perfect knowledge of service in general and of the state of our Army in particular, he

has it entirely in his power to satisfy Congress in any inquiries they may think proper to make, with respect to it’s situation necessities and wants. The Baron, if it should be their pleasure to honor him with a personal conference, will fully explain to them the numerous evils and unavoidable embarrassments that must attend our opening the Campaign before we are prepared and properly arranged for it; and how very far we are from being in this situation at present. Having taken the liberty in my Letter of the 18th of November to lay before Congress a General state of the Army—and in a subsequent one of the 10th & 11th of December a more precise one of the Virginia line, by which they could form a more accurate judgement of those of the Other States, with my sentiments, both as to the necessity and the manner of placing it on a more respectable footing—I shall not trouble them farther than to observe, that I have seen no cause to alter my opinion with respect to either. I do not know what the opinion of Congress may be on the subjects; but I beg leave to add, whatever their views or plans are, it appears to me, that there is not a moment to lose in carrying them into execution. I have the Honor to be with the highest respect Yr Excellency’s Most Obedt servant

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 18 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

            Sir
            Head Quarters Morris Town 18 Jany 1780.

          The severity of the Weather having rendered a descent upon Staten Island practicable by the Ice, and it being also imagined that the communication between New York and the Island was

interrupted by the same cause, a favorable opportunity, of striking the enemy stationed there, (who amounted by report to 1000 or 1200 Men) seemed to present itself—A detachment of 2500 Men, including the troops under General Irvine, who was already advanced for the cover of the Country along the Sound, was accordingly made for that purpose, and the command given to Major General Lord Stirling.
          It was originally intended to have attempted the execution of this matter by surprize, but having good reason to suppose, that the enemy, by their emissaries or by other means, had got notice of our designs, little hope remained of effecting the Business in that manner. As the detachment was assembled near Elizabeth Town, it was thought advisable to proceed at all events, upon a consideration, that no bad consequences could possibly result, but that we might, upon gaining a fuller information of the enemy’s Strength—position and Works than we had been able to obtain from report, still find an opportunity of reaping some advantages—We were however disappointed in our expectations, as Congress will perceive by the enclosed Report from Lord Stirling.
          I this morning recd letters, of which the enclosed are Extracts; from my confidential Correspondent in New York. I imagine the difficulty of passing from Long Island has detained them thus long. They are the most circumstantial accounts that I have received and I beleive may be depended upon. I have not yet been able to learn whether Genl Clinton did really sail with the detachment or not.
          I have received your Excellency’s favor of the 12th with the Resolutions to which it refers. I have the honor to be with the greatest Respect Your Excellency’s most obt Servant

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Ensign Thomas Russell, 18 January 1780
From: Russell, Thomas
To: Washington, George

            May it Please your Excellency
            Morris Town Jany 18th 1780

          That I having Obtaind a Furlough from Brigadier General Stark dated the 10th Inst., since which I have been Arrested by Col. Sherburne for Defaming his Character, and a Devision Court Martial order’d by General Stark having meet Yisterday, but the Principle Evidence against me being on Furlough, and my Evidence (being General Stark) who will be Absent till the First of April—The Court therefore being unable to Proceed on the Trial, The Commandant of the Devision has been Pleased to disolve them—I therefore beg your Excelleny’s Liberty to go home till my Furlough expires which is the First of April next, at which time I now Pawn my Honour to Return unless Detained by Sickness. I am Your Excellency’s Most Obedint & Humble Sevant

            Thomas Russell Ensign & Aid de Camp to Gene. Stark


Title: To George Washington from Major Benjamin Whetcomb, 18 January 1780
From: Whetcomb, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

            Westmorland [N.H.] January 18: 1780
            To his Excellency George Washington Esqr. Commander In Chief of the Continental Troops in North Amarica

          The Memorial of Benjamin Whitcomb Esqr. in the State of New Hampshire in behalf of himself and officers under his Command humbly Sheweth that whereas Your Memralist hath ben and now is Stationed in the Fronteirs of the State of New Hampshire and as the Inhabitance of the said Fronteirs are Greatly Exposed to the Incursions Devestations and Depredations of the Enemy to prevent which and For the better Securing the lives and Propities of the said Inhabitance and for the frequent Gaining and Procuring Authentic and usefull Intelligence and information of the Situation and Movements of the Enemy in Canada which in the humble oppinion of Your Memoralist would be of Publick utility to Effect which Your Memoralist therefore Prays that Your Excellency would R[e]commend it to the State of New Hampshire to fill up the Companies of Your Memoralist with officers and Soldiers or otherways Act on this Memorial as You[r] Excellency in his Wisdom Shall think Proper.

            Benja. Whetcomb Major


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Anthony Walton White, 18 January 1780
From: White, Anthony Walton
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Philadelphia Jany 18th 1780

          Col: Bland having sent in his Resignation, which the Board of War tells me is æccepted of; pardon me for applying to your Excellency for a Certificate of my being the eldest Lt Col: in the Cavalry, without which the Board inform’s they cannot give me the Commission I am intitled to, which deprives me from procuring many things that the Regt is in great want of. I have the honor to be your Excellency’s Most obedt H: Sert

            Anthy W: White


Title: General Orders, 19 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head-Quarters Morristown Wednesday Jany 19th 1780.
            Parole Pericles—  C. Signs Pompey. Pope.

          The Honorable the Congress have been pleased to pass the following resolve (vizt)—Resolved—That every officer in the Army of the United States whose duty requires his being on horseback in time of action, be allowed a sum not exceeding the average prices given at that time in the department or place where the accident shall happen for horses purchased for private dragoons, as a compensation for any horse he shall have killed in battle—This resolution to have retrospect as far as the 1st of January 1779—and the Quarter Master General or his Deputy is hereby authorized to pay the value of such horses not exceeding the said price to the respective sufferers on the facts being properly authenticated.


Title: To George Washington from James Caldwell, 19 January 1780
From: Caldwell, James
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Springfield [N.J.] Jany 19. 1780

          Lord Stirling has no doubt acquainted your Excellency with the Order he published after leaving Statten Island respecting the plunder taken from the Inhabitants. As the care of sending it back was committed to me, I went this day to Town to obtain a Flag for that purpose—but was told by the Officer commanding there that he could not grant a flag without your excellencys order. If it is your pleasure that the General order aforesaid be obeyed, you will please to give the necessary orders by the Bearer. We apprehend the sooner this is done the better, as it may soften the bitterness of their minds who have been striped, if our borders should come into their power.
          I should be very happy to know your Excellencys pleasure respecting those persons who are known to have plunder in their possession, whether the officers commanding nearest to such shall grant parties, either upon my application, or the application of a Magestrate, to take the articles from them, when milder measures will not avail.
          From the vast multitudes who greedily rushed to plunder, our Country has recd such disgrace as will not be easily, I may say possibly, wiped off. Vigorous exertions on the part of those in office appear to me, the only method to prevent universal depravity and reproach. With sincerest esteem & all due respect, Your excellencys most obedt and very huml. sert

            James Caldwell


Title: From George Washington to General Henry Clinton, 19 January 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, Henry

            Sir
            Head Quarters [Morristown] Januay 19th 1780

          The severity of the weather has occasioned unavoidable delay to the Gentlemen who came out with the propositions concerted between Major General Phillips and themselves which will put it out of their power to complete their business and return in the

time limited by their paroles. Persuaded that your Excellency will readily excuse their exceeding their permission a few days they have taken the liberty three of them to remain till they have answered the purpose of their errand; Colo. Magaw returns with an apology for the delay. As this will not detain them but a very little time longer than was originally intended, I flatter myself the present step will not be disagreable to you. I have the honor to be Your Excellency’s Most Obedt humbe servant

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Moses Hazen, 19 January 1780
From: Hazen, Moses
To: Washington, George

            Cranes mills Near Connecticut Farms [N.J.]19th Jany 1780.
            Dear General

          The three Regiments under my Command Comprose 1012 men Rank and file; I have Cantoon’d them in the following manner viz.—one Regiment at Connecticutt Farms, one at this place and the other at Raway—a Detachment of a field officer and one hundred men at Elizabeth Town which Furnishes a Subalterns guard at DeHart’s point; I have a Subaltern and Twenty men at Newark. Two Subalterns guards opposit the New and old Blasing Starr’s a Serjeants guard at Halsteads point; a Capt: Two Subaltern’s and fifty men at Woodbridge who furnishes Patrolls to Perth Amboy—I have by Genl Irvings advice Indeavourd to Cantoon the Troops amongst the well affected Inhabitance, and ⟨lessen⟩ the guards which have heretofore been posted amongst the Disaffected People—which I hope will in Some measure Prevent the frequent Desertions of our men to the enemy—we have lost from the Detachment I have the Honr to Command Since we march’d from Camp as appears by the Returns Eight men Killed and Taken Prisoners Twenty-Two absent: which we Suppose to be Deserted.
          Inclosed your Excellency will receive Col. Beatty’s Permission for major van Stein a Prisoner of war on Parole to pass to

New-York—which by a Copy of your Excellencys Instructions Delivered me by Genl Irving I do not think my Self at Liberty to Send a flag without your Excellencys order for that purpose: Major Van Stein is waiting at Elizabeth Town.
          Two Deserters from Col. Sinco’s Corps came in yesterday from Richmon, very little is to be Collected from them—They However Say, that three Strong Ridoubts Inclosed with Some other works are at Richmon three pieces of Cannon and Two Howitzs. are at that Place, Garrisoned with Sinco’s Corps only of about five hundred men a Number of which are Sick and otherwise unfit for Duty—That the Inhabitants have been most Shocking Plundered by the militia That Genl Sterling and Genl Patterson ware at Richmond on monday Last when in Consultation with Col. Sinco—a Reinforcement was Talked of which is the Substance of their Information—a woman also Came from Staten Island yesterday who Confirms that of the Inhabitants being Plundered by the militia—who Sweare revenge That a Detachment of Troops have moved up from the watering Place and Taken post Near the Ruins of Deckers House, That the Inhabitants are very Desiro⟨us⟩ of Joining the British Troops in revengin the Injuries which they have received from the militia—If this womans Information be True with respect to the enemies being at Decker’s; they may be easeyly removed—perhaps Taken; & a Quantity of Hay and grain Brought off—which If your Excellency approves of an Excurtion of that Kind; I think I have men enough and beg your Excellency will give me leave to under Take it—The Plan which I would at present propose is this, after assessing the Number and Position of the enemy—assemble the Troops about 12 oClock at Night and by a Rapid march Indeavour to Surr⟨ound⟩ the enemy at or about Deckers mills a little before Day in the morning. The Ice and roads are now fine for Such an undertaking If the Enemy Should be apprised of our movements and Conseq⟨ue⟩ntly retire to their works they Leave us the grain and forrage and If we bring of[f] but a Little It will account for; and apologize for going over on the Island—The whole business may be Comm⟨e⟩nced and finished betwen the Hours of 12 at Night and nine in the morning It may be Necessary to have a field piece or Two to Cover the retreat and in that case they may be Sent from morris Town at 8 oClock in the S⟨a⟩me evening and be Time enough—This is a Thought of my

own I have not nor Shall I Communicate it to any one but your Excellency—I think It bids fair for Success Shall be Happy If I may be Indulged to under Take it.
          The Commissary at this place has not a Drop of Rum or a Pound of flower and Tomorrow is provision Day—The Troop⟨s⟩ under my Command have received a Jill and a half of Rum only Since we march’d from Camp, Regularity in Supples of Provisions and a little Rum might do something Towards preventing the freequent Desertions lately on the lines.
          Lord Sterling Gave Capt: Bedkin with I think Sixteen light Horse, leave on Sunday last to go to Qu[i]bble Town; on the Express Conditions that they ware to return the next day four videts Came to me last evening the Captain I have not Seen; Genl Irving Told me he would represent to your Excellency the Necessity of having at this post an additional Number of Light Horse to patroll &ca. I have the Honr to be Your Excellencys most obedt and most Devoted Hume Se[r]vant

            Moses Hazen

            P.S. we have Some few Sick and Lame and others which I Dare Say feign to be unfit for Duty; I wish we had a Surgeon with a few medecans which would assertain what are object for the Hospital as well as those that Complain without a Cause.

              M:H: