Title: From George Washington to George Lewis, 28 September 1795
From: Washington, George
To: Lewis, George

            Dear Sir,
            Mount Vernon 28th Septr 1795

          General Lee (who went from hence on wednesday last) informed me that you intended being here, so soon as you should

hear of my return from Philadelphia: of this event, he, probably, may have informed you; but not that I shall set out for the latter place (with my family) towards the latter end of next week.
          If you mean therefore to favor us with a visit, it must be before that time as my journey cannot be delayed: and wish to know it on Harriots account as she must take the Stage for Frederic⟨ks⟩burgh before my departure; and I don⟨’t⟩ at present, know into whose hands to commit her, on the Road. If you come up in the Stage, stop at Mr Lund Washington’s who will send you here; and at which place you can take it again when you return: at any rate let me hear from you, that I may be on some certainty with respect to Harriot.
          General Lee acknowledges th⟨at⟩ he has got into a hobble, in his sale of Lands to General Spotswood; and offers me land of better quality—greater value—and more interior—in lieu of those, of mine, which he has sold; & proposes that you shall be the judge. My answer to him was, that if no difficulty should occur on account of the intended purchase from Wodrow; and you were decidedly of opinion that the land which he offers in exchange, is of more—or at least of equal value, taking every circumstance into consideration which is valuable, in both—such as—Situation—Soil—Timber—Water—&ca &ca I would relieve him from the embarrassment he has brought himself into. Thus the matter stands between us. and on this ground I refer the ratification of the exchange to you. Mrs Washington joins me in best wishes for you, Mrs Lewis & family; and I am—Dear Sir Your sincere friend and affectionate Uncle

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Timothy Pickering, 28 September 1795
From: Washington, George
To: Pickering, Timothy

            Sir,
            Mount Vernon 28th Septr 1795

          Two letters from you, dated the 21st instant, and one of the 23d, came to Alexandria by the Post on Friday.

          I will immediately set on foot an enquiry relative to the prospect of obtaining the lands sufficient for an Arsenal at the confluence of the Rivers Potomac & Shenandoah. From what I have heard of this site, and partly from what I know of it, it must be the most eligable spot on the whole river in every point of view, for a work of this sort. The object for which the enquiry will be made, can, and will be effectually cloaked by the Gentleman I shall employ to make it.
          It is a little suprising that the Treaty with the Western Indians has not been received from Generl Wayne; and very extraordinary that he should permit a copy of it to be taken, especially before it was laid before the proper authorities and approved. I am very sorry to hear that the Shawanees were not fully represented at this Treaty. were the other tribes more so?
          If the information which Mr Seagrove has received from his deputies, relatively to the conclusion of Peace between the Creeks and Chickasaws, is to be relied on, it is an event from which I shall derive much satisfaction; and shall wait anxiously for a confirmation of the news.
          The number of men you propose as a cover for the Stores, & trading Post proposed to be established at Colerain, can, if the Treaty with the Western Indians is (as we understand) concluded, be well spared; and as there seems to be as great an occasion for a force to restrain the turbulent & disorderly people on that frontier from disturbing the Peace of the United States as their is for protection against the Indians, I think a garrison of 150 or 200 men according to circumstan⟨ces,⟩ at the place above mentioned, will be properly disposed of, & I desir⟨e⟩ they may be sent accordingly.
          Give the dispatches to Mr Pinckney all the chances that may offer immedeately of getting them speedily to hand, or the trouble of preparing them will be lost labour. I am glad to find by Governor Fenner’s letter, that the measures adopted by the Genl Government, relatively to the British Vice Consul Moore, and the Captn of the Africa has been satisfactory to the people of Rhode Island—It has not been so, I perceive, to the Editor of the Aurora; for in that paper, it is set down as a contrivance to [throw] the Medusa into the hands of the British.

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Timothy Pickering, 28 September 1795
From: Pickering, Timothy
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            War-Office Sept. 28. 1795.

          I have in some measure anticipated your wishes of information relative to General Wayne’s treaty: and now have the pleasure to inclose a copy received yesterday evening, with an extract from his letter of the 9th ulto being all that he says on the subject. He has obtained more land than was expected. The chiefs who signed the treaty are not numerous: but I observe among them

the names of Blue Jacket, the great Warrior of the Shawanees, & of Misqua-coo-na-caw their great Speaker—of Buckongelas the great Warrior of the Delawares—and of Au-goo-sha way the Ottowa whose name I recollect to have heard Colo. Butler mention with much respect when I was in Canada. I am not acquainted with the names of important Chiefs of the other tribes. With the greatest respect I am, sir, your obt servt

            Timothy Pickering


Title: To George Washington from Andrew Van Bibber, 28 September 1795
From: Van Bibber, Andrew
To: Washington, George

            Sir;
            Matthews County in Virginia 28th Septr 1795

          I have been informed that you possess and hold for sale a tract of Land, situated near the mouth of North River in Glo’ster County. Supposing that in case you cannot sell it satisfactorily, you might be disposed to exchange it for like property, more

conveniently situated—I am induced to propose an exchange of a Plantation which I possess in King William County, between the Mattapony and Pamunky Rivers—(but a small distance for either) about 6 miles above West Point. This exchange I have the more readily been led to propose from having been informed that my said Plantation would be a valuable acquisition to an adjoining Estate belonging to the Heirs of the late Mr Custis, in regard to which you may perhaps take some interest: And to me your Land in this neighbourhood would be the more valuable as it lies within a few Miles of an Estate which I lately purchased on the Head of North River (formerly belonging to John Page Esqr.). My plantation in King William is said to contain about 350 Acres, and will be warranted 333⅓—for which my lowest price is 10 dolls. pr acre, or £1000. &c.—for the whole. The Improvements have been good—but are of little Value now, altho sufficient for a Tenant & family—There is a very large Peach Orchard, in great per⟨mutilated⟩tion. Of the Land about 100 Acres—are cleared ⟨mutilated⟩ been in cultivation—The remainder heavily wooded, and so situated I am told as would be very valuable and Serviceable to the Estate of Mr Custis, if wanted for that purpose; Or the Timber might be well sold at the neighbouring Landings, untill the proper quantity of cleared Land be obtained.
          I have never yet seen your Land, but am inform’d that the quality of it is tolerably good—but the Timber chiefly cut down—and no fences or improvements—having been exposed as a common for some years. But no doubt you are better informed of its situation and value than I am.
          Should you be disposed to Make the proposed exchange, I shall hope to be favor’d with your reply, as soon as convenient, directing your Letter to be left at Glo’ster Court House: Otherwise I flatter myself you’ll excuse the present liberty and beleive me to be with the most respectful regard Sir, Your mo. Obedt & Hm: Servant

            And: Van Bibber. of Baltimore


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Newton, Jr., 29 September 1795
From: Newton, Thomas Jr.
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            Norfolk [Va.] 29th Septr 1795

          I Received your favor of the 23d by what I can learn at present the property of the Dismal S. Co. is increasing very fast in value, they are now on a right plan of gettg shingles & Timber & have purchased a valuable mill on Deep creek which you’l know by name of Rotherys, now call’d Smiths, this property must be of great value in some short day, it lies near the canal ½ mile, from which it will get supplys of water to run at all times. 1000£ a share has been given I am inform’d, but at present I only write from common conversation. I will indeavor to give you a full acct of the value very soon, but from my own observations the property, if rightly managed will be very productive on their present plan. I am respectfully yr Obt Servt

            Thos Newton

            I have the pleasure of informing you the sickness which raged here is intirely abated & our market⟨s⟩ are full. the vessel yr plants were on board from Jamaica I expect was commanded by Capt. Skinner who was lost.


Title: To George Washington from Westmoreland County, Va., Citizens, c.29 September 1795
From: Citizens of Westmoreland County, Virginia
To: Washington, George

            [c.29 Sept. 1795]

          At a Meeting of the Inhabitants of the County of Westmoreland, Convened in Consequence of Written invitations Circulated Through the County for the purpose of Taking the Opinion of the people on the Treaty lately Conclu[d]ed between the United States and the Brittish Nation.
          Joseph Pierce Esqr. Senior Majestrate in the Chair—The Treaty was Read, and after Some Explainations of its Object and the tendency, the following Resolutions were entered into without a desenting Voice.
          Resolved, that we Continue to possess undeminished Confidence in our Government, and that we Sincerely believe its due preservation in all its parts, essential to our Rights, Liberties & Happiness.
          Resolved, that we deem it the duty of all Good Citizens to Check by every Lawful means, the Wicked and Cunning Machinations employed with Industry and art by Certain Individuals, Their tools and adherents to withdraw the Confidence of the people from their Government, without which Confidence no free political System Can long endure, and that with deep Regret we have Marked a Certain Set of Men, exerting them selves on every Occasion which in the Course of things has presented itself for the obvious purpose of destroying a Government established by a Majority of Freemen Necessary to each Others Happiness, and who have experienced a Wonderful prosperity under the practice thereof.
          Resolved, that in the late Negotiation with Great Britain its primary Object, the preservation of peace, has been Compleatly effected, which of itself is all important, and that very Considerable additional Good has also been Acquired by the Surrender of the Western posts which Leads to the Termination of Indian Warfare, and Compensation for the Spoliations of our Commerce.
          Resolved therefore that we feel Our selves perfectly Satisfied with the Government of the United States in the late Tran[s]action, and are fully persuaded, that the Same Signal Wisdom and Love of a Country which has invariably [Marked] the Conduct of the president, and immediately produced Good to his fellow

Citizens will be found to have directed his Councils throughout his Arduous Administration—and we do for Ourselves determine to Support and Maintain, with our lives and our fortunes the Constituted Authority of our Country against foreign and domestic enemies of every Sort and description.

            Jos. Pierce Chairman


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Newton, Jr., 30 September 1795
From: Newton, Thomas Jr.
To: Washington, George

            Dr Sir
            Norfolk [Va.] 30. Septr 1795.

          I now inclose you Mr I. Sexton state of the D.S. Co. as far as I cou’d obtain it whch I think may be depended on, I am very certain it is in a flourishing way, as the Company are punctual in paying the subscription, of 20 Shares to the canal, which will

also be very valuable when finished, these shares alone I shou’d think worth if the Canal was at work at least 200£ the subscription is only £75. but there must be additional to finish it. shou’d I get any further information I will forward it & am respectfully Yr Obt Servt

            Thos Newton


Title: To George Washington from Timothy Pickering, 30 September 1795
From: Pickering, Timothy
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Department of State Sept. 30. 1795.

          Two vessels are to sail for England this week—one, as intended, to-morrow, and one on Thursday: by each a set of the dispatches for Mr Pinckney will be forwarded.
          Supposing that the Chevalier de Freire would be apprized of opportunities for Lisbon, I applied to him. Such direct conveyances rarely occur: He generally sends his letters to the care of his correspondent at Falmouth. I expressed to him your solicitude to get some dispatches to Mr Pinckney: upon which he kindly undertook to convey them with his own to his correspondent in Falmouth, to be forwarded to Lisbon, where he recommends them to the particular care of his court, to be forwarded by the earliest safe conveyance to Mr Pinckney. Besides a regular post, he says expresses are sent almost weekly from one court to the other. I have the honour to be with the greatest respect sir, your obt servt

            Timothy Pickering


Title: To George Washington from “An Observer,” 1 October 1795
From: “An Observer”
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            [1 Oct. 1795]

          Your wisdom and patriotism have been trumpeted forth by your admirers, till a kind of belief of their transcendant magnitude was forced on the minds of your fellow citizens, and till it was hardly safe to offer a modest doubt whether you were not the first of men. You have, however, unfortunately for yourself and ungratefully and cruelly for your country, silenced your advocates and deceived the public at large.—You have plunged headlong from a pinnacle of reputation & glory which millions could not purchase and to which few men had attained, although thousands in all countries had equally well deserved it, to the situation of those rulers, whose weak heads or corrupt hearts have sacrificed the welfare of their cotemporaries and of unborn millions.
          But, sir, it is wisely ordered in the distribution of earthly affairs that every misfortune has some concomitant advantage to enable us to support its pressure.—You exhibit a remarkable example.—If you have lost the affections and the confidence of entire states, you have acquired the esteem, the regard and the gratitude of the New York, Boston and Philadelphia tories, refugees and stockjobbers. If the unbought suffrage of impartial historians is wantonly dashed away, Catiline will furnish you with columns of adulation, as grateful and as just too as was ever bestowed on any of the monarchs of Europe; and if your own countrymen are silent as to your merits you have acquired a powerful host of panegyrists in the island of Bermuda who openly express that contempt and abhorrence of “the ra[s]cally resolutions of the mobility of America,” which you have covertly implied in your famous circular answer.

            An Observer.


Title: To George Washington from Oliver Wolcott, Jr., 1 October 1795
From: Wolcott, Oliver Jr.
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Treasury Depart: Octob: 1st 1795

          The enclosed papers are respectfully submitted to the consideration of the President; in consequence of which certain new appointments appear to be necessary.
          A Letter from John Ross Collector of Burlington District New Jersey dated July 2nd 1795, tendering his resignation on the 30th of September 1795. The person recommended is Mr Moses Kempton who from what I have been able to learn is a fit character. The office is of little consequence in point of emolument, & no other Candidate has appeared.
          A Letter from Mr Zachariah Rhodes surveyor of the port of Pawtuxet in Rhode Island dated September 29th tendering a resignation. From the recommendation of Colo. Olney, I infer that Joseph Aborn is a suitable person to receive the appointment.
          Andrew Agnew, Collector for Beaufort, South Carolina, was some time since represented to The President as a delinquent Officer; but no appointment was made for want of information respecting a successor. Mr Agnew has made no returns for several years, notwithstanding there is good reason to believe that he has receiv’d money on account of the Public. By information from Mr De Saussure, I am satisfied, that a displacement is absolutely necessary; & in consequence of intelligence obtained through him, I take the liberty to recommend Mr John Grayson, who is named in the enclosed Letter from John M. Verdier, & who is reported to be a gentleman of honour & character.
          In the foregoing cases, Commissions as Inspectors of the Revenue will be due of course to the persons who may be appointed Collectors.
          The office of superintendant of the Lighthouse at Charleston, So. Carolina, has become vacant by the death of Edward Blake. Mr Daniel Stevens, the present Supervisor of the Revenue, solicits the appointment. As the superintendence of the Lighthouse will require but a small proportion of time, & as the compensation will form a convenient addition to the emoluments of the Supervisor’s office it appears to be expedient to comply with Mr Stevens’s desire. But instead of a salary of Two hundred & sixty Dollars per annum as was allowed to Mr Blake, it will probably be best to allow a Commission on the Expenditures as is now

the general rule, where the care of Lighthouses is committed to persons holding other appointments under the Government.
          If The President is pleased to confer the appointment on Mr Stevens, the question of Compensation can be reserved for consideration hereafter, & established according to some more convenient & œconomical rule than by salary. I have the honor to be &c.

            Olivr Wolcott Jr


Title: To George Washington from Edward Carrington, 2 October 1795
From: Carrington, Edward
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir,
            Richmond Octo. 2d 1795.

          I have been honored with yours of the 28th Ultimo—The enquiry which you have been pleased to Submit to Genl Marshall & myself demands & receives our most serious attention—on his aid I rely for giving you accurate information, & he wishes an opportunity of Conversing with Colo. Innes before he decides—this we are prevented from by his absence at the Williamsburg District Court, a circumstance equally preventing his being sounded as to his acceptance of the contemplated office. when he is to return is as yet unknown to us; we will however get informed without giving him any intimation of our object. within the space of two or three Mails we shall be enabled to give you some further information, and shall make it as decisive as circumstances shall permit. I have the Honor to be with the Most Affectionate regard Dr Sir, Your Most Ob. st

            Ed. Carrington


Title: To George Washington from Timothy Pickering, 2 October 1795
From: Pickering, Timothy
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Department of State Octr 2. 1795.

          Yesterday a letter arrived from Mr Pinckney. It is dated at Madrid the 21st of July. He arrived there the 28th of June. As Mr Short had observed in his letters, little business could be done at this period, the Court being in a state of perambulation. Mr Pinckney however had obtained two interviews with the Duke de Alcudia; but to no purpose: that court appears to be playing the old game—delay. The Duke said he could not negociate until he recd from Mr Jaudennes the answers of this government to the propositions he was directed to make. Mr Pinckney assured the Duke that no such propositions had been made.
          A number of passages in the letter are in cypher, which yesterday Mr Taylor could find no key to explain: but for this circumstance I should have directed a copy of the letter to be made to send you by this post. Mr T. was to see Mr Randolph who, it was possible, might give a clue to the cypher; tho’ it is not probable: Mr Taylor having tried not only the two cyphers with which Mr Pinckney had been furnished but Mr Short’s also.
          The entire complexion of the letter indicates an unsuccessful mission.
          A letter from Mr Simpson promises well of the treaty he is negociating with the emperor of Morocco. The military presents were delivered in presence of an army of ten thousand men, and well received.

          Mr Randolph can give no information about the cypher. A copy of Mr Pinckney’s letter shall however be made and sent by Monday’s post. I have the honour to be most respectfully, sir, your obt servant

            T. Pickering


Title: From George Washington to Oliver Wolcott, Jr., 2 October 1795
From: Washington, George
To: Wolcott, Oliver Jr.

            (Private)
            Dear Sir,
            Mount Vernon 2d Octr 1795

          Your letter of the 26th Ulto was received yesterday.
          It is not wonderful that Mr Randolphs late conduct, and the publication of his letter to me, should have excited an anxious curiosity to know what his explanations will be; but it is wonderful that so much time should be required to give birth to them.
          Embarrassed, as it is to be apprehended he is, in this business, his object, I conceive must be, to gain time; to puzzle; and to try if he cannot discover inconsistencies in the conduct of others, relative to it. On no other ground can I account for his letter to me, dated the 21st ulto; which, with his other two of the 15th; and my reply to the whole, I herewith enclose for the information of yourself & Colo. Pickering only.

          His letters of the 15th received no acknowledgment; and at first I hesitated whether to give any to that of the 21st. After a while I thought of referring him to you, for information on those points which it was evidently as much, or more in your power than in mine, to give him; but finally I conceived it most eligable to furnish him with no pretexts—& therefore wrote what you will see in the copy—I did it, because if delay was his object, it would be promoted by my silence; and because (which probably would have answered his purposes still better) it might have afforded him some ground for saying he was doomed to be a victim; & with a view to accomplish it, the means to his vindication was denied, or withheld.
          These reasons added to a disposition to do him all manner of justice, induced me to give him concise answers to all his queries; as far as the means were within my power, although fully convinced in my own mind of the insiduous tendency of them.
          Whether similar enquiries have been made of you, or of Colo. Pickering, or both, by him, I know not. If they have, to see if he could involve inconsistencies in the answers, has been his aim: and to know what kind of superstructure he might build, on the information he has obtained (if any) from Mr Fauchet, it was necessary to ascertain in the first place, whether the government was in possession of any part of that gentlemans letters numbered 3 and 6, by which this superstructure might be endangered. I was on the point once, of hinting to him, that I hoped nothing in his vindication wd render it necessary to publish the whole of Mr Fauchets letter; but on second thoughts declined it, lest he should consider it as a threat, and make an improper use of it.
          As I shall be in Philadelphia shortly, I will not add on this subject; but from you, if any thing more transpires, I should be glad to hear. The present inclosures may remain in your hands until I return to the City. With very great esteem and regard I am—Dear Sir Always yours

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Trumbull, 3 October 1795
From: Trumbull, John
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            London 3d Octr 1795.

          By the Ship Factor bound to Philadelphia I send a Box addressed to your Excellency, containing Two Prints, which I beg you will do me the Honour to Accept.
          The Plate of the Death of Montgomery is at length compleat, and the impression which I now send is, (excepting the inferiority of the Paper,) such as will be delivered to my friends in America; that of the Death of Warren is promised to be finished by the first of January next; & the impression now sent is the State of the Plate last winter. The printing will require some months, so that I shall not be able to fulfil my promise to subscribers sooner than in the Course of next summer.
          I should not trouble your Excellency with trifles of this kind, did I not feel that an Apology is due from me to all those who were the early Patrons of an undertaking, which has been tediously but inevitably delayed.
          a Plate is nearly compleated from the large Portrait of yourself which you permitted me to Possess.
          I beg leave to offer my best respects to Mrs Washington and Mis. Custis. And am with every sentiment of Respectful Gratitude Your most obedient and Obliged servant

            Jno: Trumbull


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Jefferson, 4 October 1795
From: Washington, George
To: Jefferson, Thomas

            Dear Sir,
            Mount Vernon 4th Octr 1795

          Your letter of the 12th ulto, after travelling to Philadelphia and back again, was received by me, at this place, the 1st instant.
          The letter from Madame de Chastellux to me, is short—referring to the one she has written to you for particulars respecting herself & infant son. Her application to me is unquestionably misplaced, and to Congress it would certainly be unavailing, as the Chevalier Chastelluxs pretensions (on which hers must be founded) to any allowance from this country, were no greater than that of any, & every other Officer of the French Army, who served in America the last war. To grant to one therefore, would open a wide door to applications of a similar nature, and to consequent embarrassments. Probably, the sum granted at the last Session of Congress to the daughters of the Count de Grasse, has given rise to this application. That it has done so in other instances, I have good reasons to believe.
          I am much pleased with the account you have given of the Succory. This, like all other things of the sort with me, since my absence from home, have come to nothing; for neither my Overseers nor Manager, will attend properly to anything but the crops they have usually cultivated: and in spite of all I can say, if there is the smallest discretionary power allowed them, they will fill the land with Indian Corn; altho’ they have demonstrable proof, at every step they take, of its destructive effects. I am resolved however, as soon as it shall be in my power to attend a little more closely to my own concerns, to make this crop yield, in a great degree to other grain; to pulses, and to grasses. I am beginning again with Chiccory from a handful of seed given

to me by Mr Strickland; which, though flourishing at present has no appearance of seeding this year. Lucern has not succeeded better with me than with you; but I will give it another, and a fairer trial before it is abandoned altogether. Clover, when I can dress lots well, succeeds with me to my full expectation; but not on the fields in rotation; although I have been at much cost in seeding them. This has greatly disconcerted the system of rotation on which I had decided. I wish you may succeed in getting good seed of the winter Vetch: I have often imported it, but the seed never vegitated; or in so small a proportion as to be destroyed by weeds. I believe it would be an acquisition if it was once introduced properly in our farms. The Albany Pea, which is the same as the field Pea of Europe, I have tried, and found it grew well; but it is subject to the same bug that perforates the garden pea, & eats out the kernal; so it will happen, I fear, with the pea you propose to import. I had great expectation from a green dressing with Buck wheat, as a preparatory fallow for a crop of wheat; but it has not answered my expectation yet. I ascribe this however, more to mismanagement in the times of seeding and ploughing in, than to any defect in the system. The first ought to be so ordered, in point of time, as to meet a convenient season for ploughing it in while the plant is in its most succulent state; but this has never been done on my farms, & consequently has drawn as much from, as it has given to the earth. It has always appeared to me that there were two modes in which Buck Wheat might be used advantageously as a manure. One, to sow early; and as soon as a sufficiency of seed ripened to stock the ground a second time, to turn the whole in; and when the succeeding growth is getting in full bloom to turn that in also (before the Seed begins to ripen): and when the fermentation and putrifaction ceases, to sow the ground in that state, & plough in the Wheat. The other mode is, to sow the Buck Wheat so late as that it shall be generally, about a foot high at the usual seeding of Wheat; then turn it in, and sow thereon immediately, as on a clover lay; harrowing in the Seed lightly, to avoid disturbing the buried Buck Wheat. The last method I have never tried, but see no reason why it should not succeed. The other as I have observed before, I have practiced, but the Buck Wheat has always stood too long, & consequently had become too dry and sticky, to answer the end of a succulant plant. But of all the improving and ameliorating crops, none, in my opinion,

is equal to Potatoes on stiff, & hard bound land (as mine is). From a variety of instances I am satisfied that on such land, a crop of Potatoes is equal to an ordinary dressing. In no instance have I failed of good wheat—Oats—or clover that followed Potatoes. And I conceit they give the soil a darker hue.
          I shall thank you for the result of your proposed experiments relatively to the winter vetch & Pea, when they are made.
          I am sorry to hear of the depredation committed by the weavil in your parts. It is a great calamity at all times, and this year, when the demand for wheat is so great, and the price so high, must be a mortifying one to the farmer. The Rains have been very general, & more abundant since the first of August than ever happened in a summer within the memory of man. Scarcely a Mill dam, or bridge between this & Philada was able to resist them; and some were carried away a second, & even a third time.
          Mrs Washington is thankful for your kind remembrance of her, and unites with me in best wishes for you. With very great esteem & regard I am—Dear Sir Your obedt & Affectionate

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Timothy Pickering, 5 October 1795
From: Washington, George
To: Pickering, Timothy

            Dear Sir,
            Mount Vernon 5th Octr 1795.

          This is merely intended to let you know that, your two letters, the one official, the other private, of the 30th ulto have both been received.
          If the Authors of such resolutions as are forwarded to me, relative to the Treaty with G. Britain mean well they will be benefited by such sentiments as you have communicated to Judge Walton: for nothing short of profound ignorance, or consummate wickedness, could have dictated many of the resolutions which have been received by me since my last arrival at this place. I expect to commence my journey for Philadelphia this day week, but from the badness of the roads my movements will be slow. I am—Affectionately Yours

            Go. Washington


Title: Enclosure: Thomas Pinckney to Secretary of State, 21 July 1795
From: Pinckney, Thomas
To: Randolph, Edmund J.

              My dear Sir,
              Madrid 21st July 1795

            I arrived at this Metropolis on the 28th of the last month but finding that the Court were still at Aranjuez I proceeded to that place: their residence there however was so short after my arrival, that I could do no more than obtain an introduction to the Duke de la Alcudia. I returned to Madrid on the 2d of July where the Court remained only ten days; of course every thing was in a kind of hurry and confusion unfavourable to business.

I however passed through all my ceremonials & have had two conferences with the minister, the result of which is that [number code]. The Duke de la Alcudia received me with politeness, but at the same time informed me that he could come to no conclusion on the principal points of my mission until he should have received an answer to the propositions which he directed the spanish Chargé des affaires to make to our Government in America in the months of July and August last. I told him in reply that Mr Jaudenes did not conceive himself authorized to make any direct proposition to the President so late as the month of March last, notwithstanding he had received the instructions to which the Duke alluded and therefore that it was in vain to wait for an answer to propositions which without farther instructions could not be brought forward in a mode through which any answer could be given to them.
            He seemed to doubt the possibility of M. Jaudenes not having made the proposals he had directed and said he expected an answer thereto daily and would immediately apprize me thereof. I then told him that I had undoubted proof of the matter being as I had stated, having in my possession a letter from M. Jaudenes to you ascertaining the fact, with a copy of which at his request I promised to furnish him. I accordingly inclosed it to him in a note the copy of which is herewith— The Court leaving Madrid for San Ildefonso within a few days I have received no answer thereto—I cannot help here lamenting that when you inclosed to Mr Short Mr Jaudenes’s letter containing these proposals (however informally expressed) you had not stated the sense of our Government thereon, & that consequently I must either acquiesce in a farther delay or take upon myself to determine what will be the resolution of our Government upon a question of great importance. It is true that I can deduce by inference from the instructions heretofore given and from reasoning upon our situation and circumstances that the United States will not [number code] and will not consent to purchase what is their right. But upon a proposition so new it would have been desireable that I could have stated to the spanish Government that I was directly instructed on this head in case any such proposal should be made here. I conceive however that it is of such importance that our controversy with this Government should be determined during the present war (which I think will not be

continued another campaign) and it is also so essential to our internal harmony that the President should be made acquainted with the real intentions of this Court during the next session of Congress, that I mean to urge the decision as strongly as propriety & attention to my instructions on the subject will admit. Mr Short has already informed you of the line which this Court has determined to pursue to us respecting navigation during the present war and of the reasons which prevent them from entering into written stipulations on the subject. This line of conduct while observed, is as favourable to us as we could expect, but as no general orders can be published on the occasion individual cases will occasionally occur in which it will be necessary to apply to this administration for a compliance with their verbal agreement; and to these the duke promises to pay immediate attention: this took place in a joint conference which Mr Short and I had with him, when we thought it prudent to state to him what his engagements were on that subject, to which statement he readily acquiesced (namely that the [number code]). In addition to the propositions said to have been directed to be made to our Government as above stated I find in conversation with the Duke that another object is started which I presume may be brought forward, still farther to retard the negociation: in our first conversation he said that our negociation seemed so connected with [number code] that it would be best to let them proceed together, when I observed that I could not discover the connection he did not then explain himself to my comprehension, but in a joint conference with Mr Short and myself, he expressed a wish [number code]. He received the answer from Mr Short which he had previously given him with great propriety on former occasions of a nature somewhat similar: which is in substance that a generous and friendly conduct would ensure to both parties all the benefits [number code] and that the first object was to establish our rights on just principles, when objects of mutual convenience and accomodation might with propriety be resorted to. Mr Monroe has informed you of the [number code]. I had no conversation with them on the subject as I conceived the business placed on as good a footing as I could desire and since I have been here I conclude that the [number code] the duke having informed me that he had certain information that our [number code].

            The repairs which so long a journey had rendered necessary for my carriage have detained me here a few days beyond the departure of the Court tomorrow however I set out to join them and will inform you of the result of my next conference by the earliest opportunity.
            I have received all possible assistance and information from Mr Short since I have been here. He has placed in my hands all the papers of which he was possessed relative to the objects of my mission. I am personally obliged to him for the readiness and friendly good will with which he has rendered me this service, and the United States are I conceive much indebted to him for the assiduity and ability with which he has conducted his negociations at this Court. I do not conceive that it can be necessary for me to remain here until an answer can be obtained to this letter as it must be decided long before that time whether [number code]. In either case it will be necessary that you should have a decided answer during the ensuing session of Congress. After that answer is obtained my present idea is that my presence here will be unnecessary; at all events however I will observe the directions contained in the cyphered part of your letter of 28 Nov. 1794. I would however submit to you the propriety of an explicit instruction to whoever may be here on the subject of [number code] if it should not have been done previous to your receipt hereof, as from the circumstances which have already occurred, I do not expect that it will be brought before our Government soon in an official manner, and if the instructions should arrive too late to be of service, they can do no harm. I have the honor to be, Dear Sir, With great respect Your obedient & faithful servant

              Thomas Pinckney


Title: To George Washington from William Frederick Ast, 7 October 1795
From: Ast, William Frederick
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Richmond 7. Octr 1795.

          Permit me to take the Liberty to send You hereinclosed the Plan of Mutual Assurance against fire for the State of Virginia which I have formed and suggested; with the Explanations thereof; the Law of the General Assembly of this State; and a Copy of the Subscribers—we have a good many more Subscribers besides what is on this printed Copy: but not sufficient yet to organize the Business.
          I hope that it will meet your Approbation, and as the Basis of this Institution is to succour the unfortunate and for the Good

of Mankind I make no doubt but that You will be so kind to order Your Steward to sign for You. The present Subscription is only to comply with the Law; each subscribes according to the Amount of his Building: that is what they can be built for; the Buildings will afterwards be valued on which Valuation the Premiums will be paid. I have the honour to subscribe myself very respectfully Sir Your Excellency’s most obedient & most humble Servt

            William F. Ast


Title: To George Washington from Pierce Butler, 7 October 1795
From: Butler, Pierce
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Philladelphia October the 7th 1795

          By the death of Mr Edward Blake the Place of Commissioner of the Light House of Charleston becomes vacant—Alow me Sir, to recommend to You Mr James Le Motte, a Gentleman every way worthy of, and qualified for the Station, to Suceed Mr Blake. I have the honor to be with great respect Sir, Yr Most Obedt Servt

            P. Butler


Title: From George Washington to the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, 7 October 1795
From: Washington, George
To: Commissioners for the District of Columbia, the

            Gentlemen
            Mount Vernon 7th Octr 1795

          Your letter of the 5th instt enclosing a Memorial of the same date, came to my hands yesterday.
          The latter shall have the best consideration I can give it, between this and Monday next; when, if nothing, unforeseen at

present, intervenes to prevent, I shall be in George Town on my return to Philadelphia; and will converse fully with you on the subject matter of it. With esteem & regard I am—Gentn Your Obedient Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Robert Lewis, 7 October 1795
From: Washington, George
To: Lewis, Robert

            Dear Sir,
            Mount Vernon 7th Oct. 1795.

          Upon my return to this place from Philadelphia, about the middle of last month, I found your letter of Sepr 1st and the sum of Four hundred and seventy five pounds ten shillings & two pence which you had deposited in the hands of Mr Dandridge on account of your collection of my Rents which will be placed, as desired, to your credit.
          I am sorry you should have been so unsuccessful in purchasing in my life leases; but if I do not misunderstand your meaning, when you say I had limitted you to too distant a day—viz.—the first of Septr to make these purchases, there surely never was such a mistake as you have committed in this business, or I must have been out of my head when I wrote the letter. So far from restraining you in making purchases until the first of last month you were told, or at least meant to be told that if you could not apply the money which was in your hands to this purpose by a certain day (I suppose the first of Septr) that then, and in that case I should call for it as I wanted it for other uses—How this could be deemed limitting you to too long a day I have no conception when the money was left in your hands for the sole purpose of buying in the leases. I request you to look at my letter again and inform me if it will admit of such a construction as you have given it if I understand the meaning of yours.
          What money you may yet pay, agreeably to the assurance in your letter may be deposited in the hands of Mr Pearce or in the Bank of Alexandria—giving me an acct of the sum.
          As Land has risen so much, and so suddenly in its price, and my rents bear no kind of proportion thereto; I shall insist, and beg that you will see, not only that the rents are punctually paid,

but that all the covenants in the leases, with respect to buildings, planting Orchards, making meadows reserving certain proportions of the Land in wood, &ca &ca are strictly complied with—and I further desire that in cases of life leases, where the Occupant can give you no satisfactory evidence of the existence of the lives of the persons therein named, that ejectments may be brought, in order to make them come forward with their proofs: for these leases will never expire if vague information is received & credited, of the lessees being in Kentucky, or the lord knows where. Another thing too I would have minutely looked into, and that is, where there has been a change in the occupants from the original Lessees, to know by what authority it has happened; for if I recollect the tenure of my Leases, there can be no alienation of the property without the consent of the Landlord, under his hand (and I believe) Seal.
          You say you have repossessed two or three lots in Frederick; and have conditionally rented out two for £35 pounds per ann[um]; but you do not say whether this is the rent for each, or for both. If the latter, I should think it inadequate. If the former, I agree to and ratifie the same for the term of ten years—but when leases for that term are given, you should stipulate for reasonable & proper improvements, that the tenements may be restored with some advantages. I do not recollect what the quantity of Acres in the Frederick lots are, and therefore my opinion of the adequacy—or inadequacy of the rent of £35 is mere guess work. all I want, is as much as others get for lands of the same quantity [&] quality thereabouts. Whenever you make out a Rental have a column for the quantity of Acres contained in each lot. Give my love, in which your Aunt & the family join, to Mrs Lewis and be assured of the friendship and regard of Your Affectionate Uncle

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Timothy Pickering, 7 October 1795
From: Washington, George
To: Pickering, Timothy

            Sir
            Mount Vernon 7th Oct. 1795

          Your communications of the 2d Inst. have been duly received.
          General Wayne will, I hope & expect, leave the Garrisons in his advanced Posts sufficiently respectable. In the present uncertainty of what may be the final result of the treaty with Great Britain, and from the intimations of Captn Brant, we ought not in my opinion to œconomise at too Great a hazard; nor build too much in the present moment, on the treaty of peace with the Western Indians.

            G. Washington


Title: From George Washington to Oliver Wolcott, Jr., 7 October 1795
From: Washington, George
To: Wolcott, Oliver Jr.

            Sir,
            Mount Vernon 7th Octob: 1795.

          Your Letter of the 1st instant with its enclosures, came to hand yesterday.
          As I am unacquainted with characters more fit, if any there be that would accept, I request that Commissions may issue in the names of those persons you have suggested as follow—vizt.
          Moses Kemp, vice John Ross resigned, as Collector of Burlington district New Jersey.

          Joseph Aborn, vice Zach: Rhodes resignd Surveyor of the port of Patuxet, in Rhode Island.
          John Grayson, vice Andw Agnew, superseded, Collector for Beaufort in South Carolina.
          The above three to be commissioned as Inspectors of the Revenue also.
          If there is no incompatibility, & it is warranted by precedent, I request likewise that Daniel Stevens, the present Supervisor of the Revenue for So. Carolina, may be commissioned (or appointed as the case requires) Superintendant of the Lighthouse at Charleston in that State, in place of Edward Blake deceased, with such adequate compensation as shall be deemed proper.

            Go. Washington.


Title: To George Washington from Edward Carrington, 8 October 1795
From: Carrington, Edward
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir,
            Richmond Octo. 8th 1795

          I am extremely sorry that I have not yet been enabled to give any satisfactory answer to your enquiry relating to Colo. Innes. He has not yet returned to this place; and having stoped somewhere short of Williamsburg, has been out of the way of the enquiries we have made for the purpose of ascertaining the time of his return. under this circumstance it is impossible to give you any ground whatever on which to act with respect to him. we could not send a special messenger to him without involving the necessity of communicating a proposition as from you, this Genl Marshall does not think advisable, before he has an opportunity of conversing with him. I have the Honor to be with the most affectionate regard yr H[umbl]e St

            Ed. Carrington


Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 8 October 1795
From: Randolph, Edmund
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Philadelphia October 8. 1795

          Until monday last I did not obtain from the office those of my own letters, which I deem proper to be introduced into my vindication. But I still want the inspection of a letter from you, dated July 22. 1795, and received by me. I applied personally at the office on Saturday last for the sight of your letters to me. The Chief Clerk went into the room, in which Mr Pickering sits, to consult him, at my desire, upon my application. He afterwards carried to Mr Pickering a brown paper; and on his return placed it before me. It contained many of your letters; and was indorsed to this purport “The President’s letters.” I presumed that they were all there; as no mention was made to me of any, that were missing. But not finding that of July 22. 1795, I asked for it; and the chief clerk replied, that Mr Pickering had just taken it out; and that upon his saying, that I might wish to see it, Mr Pickering had observed, that, if I did, I would ask for it. I accordingly asked for it again; but was answered, that it was necessary to consult Mr Wolcott. Not hearing any thing late on Monday from the Chief Clerk, I reminded by a note, and on tuesday received thro’ him the rancorous and insolent answer of Mr Pickering, which amounts to a positive refusal, and of which due notice will be taken in its proper place. I affirm to you, that I hold that letter to be important to one of the views, which the question will bear. As I aim at accuracy in my statements; I am anxious to prevent a mistake in my recollection of that letter; and therefore request the inspection of it.
          Mr Fauchet’s letter, and the circumstances, which preceded, and attended, the delivery of it to me, embrace a variety of political matter, connected with many documents. The papers and reasonings in my general letter will comprehend, among others, the following: my letter to the governor of Vermont on the 28th of July 1794; Mr Bradford’s letter from Fort Pitt on the 17th of August 1794, mine to the Secretary of the treasury on the 28th of August 1794; a private letter, which in the latter end of July 1794 you directed me to write to a certain person; two late letters to Colo. Monroe; my letter to Mr Jay on the 18th of August 1794; my last circular letter to our ministers; your letters to me on the 22d and 31st of July 1795, with the memorial therein

referred to; my letter to you on the 12th of July 1795; the affidavit, which was laid before you of the British, being supposed to be concerned in the insurrection; the advice of another gentleman and myself to you on the 25th of August 1794⟨;⟩ extracts from Mr Jay’s and Mr Monroe’s instructions; and my letter to you on the 5th of August 1794.
          You must be sensible, sir, that I am inevitably driven into the discussion of many confidential and delicate points. I could with safety immediately appeal to the people of the United States, who can be of no party. But I shall wait for your answer to this letter, so far as it respects the paper desired, before I forward to you my general letter; which is delayed for no other cause. I shall also rely that any supposed error in the general letter, in regard to facts will be made known to me, that I may correct it, if necessary; and that you will consent to the whole of the affair, howsoever confidential and delicate, being exhibited to the world. At the same time I prescribe to myself this condition, not to mingle any thing, which I do not sincerely conceive to belong to the subject. I have the honor to be sir with due respect yr mo. ob. serv.

            Edm: Randolph


Title: From George Washington to Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., 9 October 1795
From: Washington, George
To: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.

              Dear Sir
              Mount Vernon 9th Oct. 1795

            Give the enclosed letters for Govr Jay and Doctr Priestly safe conveyances, but not by Post, for this would be expensive for Pamphlets wch I believe they are, from the Board of Agriculture of which Sir John Sinclair is President they came from him with others to me.
            I expect to leave this for Phila. on Monday, if all are well. make enquiry for good footmen. Yours affectionately

              Go: Washington

            Let Colo. Pickering know that I was not able to write to him by the Post of this day.


Title: From George Washington to Patrick Henry, 9 October 1795
From: Washington, George
To: Henry, Patrick

            Dear Sir
            Mount Vernon 9th October 1795

          Whatever may be the reception of this letter, truth and candour shall mark its steps.
          You doubtless know that the office of State is vacant; and no one can be more Sensible than yourself of the importance of filling it with a person of abilities, an[d] one in whom the public would have confidence.
          It would be uncandid not to inform you that this office has been offered to others; but it is as true that it was from a conviction in my mind that you would not accept it (untill tuesday last in a conversation with General, late Govr, Lee, he dropped Sentiments which made it less doubtful) that it was not offered first to you.
          I need Scarcely add that, if this appointment could be made to comport with your own inclination, it would be as pleasing to

me, as I believe it would be acceptable to the public. With this Assurance, and under this belief, I make you the offer of it. My first wish is, that you would accept it—the next is, that you would be So good as to give me an answer as Soon as you conveniently can, as the public business in that Department is now Suffering for want of a Secretary.
          I persuade myself, Sir, it has not escaped your observation, that a crisis is approaching, that must, if it cannot be arrested, Soon decide whether order and good Government Shall be preserved, or anarchy and confusion ensue. I can most religiously aver, I have no wish that is incompatible with the dignity, happiness and true interest of the people of this country. My ardent desire is, and my aim has been (as far as depended upon the Executive Department) to comply Strictly with all our engagements foreign and domestic; but to keep the United States free from political Connexions with every other country. To See them independent of all, and under the influence of none. In a word, I want an American Character; that the powers of Europe may be convinced we act for ourselves and not for others. This in my Judgement, is the only way to be respected abroad and happy at home—and not, by becomeing the partisans of Great Britain or France, Create dissentions; disturb the public Tranquility; and dissolve, perhaps forever, the Cement which binds the union. I am Satisfied that these Sentiments cannot be otherwise than congenial to your own—your aid therefore in carrying them into effect would be flattering and pleasing to Dear Sir your most obedient and very Humble Servant

            G. Washington

            p.S. On monday I Shall leave this for philadelphia.


Title: To George Washington from George Lewis, 10 October 1795 [letter not found]
From: Lewis, George
To: Washington, George

          Letter not found: from George Lewis, 10 Oct. 1795. On 13 Oct., GW wrote Lewis: “Your letter of the 10th instant I received after I had commenced my journey for Philadelphia.”


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Pinckney, 10 October 1795
From: Pinckney, Thomas
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            Madrid 10th October 1795

          The situation of my family and the attention necessary to my other domestic concerns requiring my return home, I take the liberty of requesting the favor that you will direct my letters of recall to be expedited so as to reach England by the middle of the month of June next, unless you should intend to recall me at an earlier period. Before that time arrives I shall have served four years in the diplomatic line, a period which I have always contemplated as the longest I could with propriety dedicate to this employment, and which I also consider as sufficiently extensive for the interest of the United States that the same person should continue in mission, unless very peculiar circumstances should require a prolongation of this term.
          I have sincerely felt for the unpleasantly delicate situation in which late events have placed you as our chief Magistrate, & it would give me infinite concern to think that I had in any degree contributed to occasion these embarrassments—I can only say that I have in every thing acted according to my best judgement

influenced by no motives but those of the warmest attachment to the interests of our Country, and in what concerns yourself by the dictates of the sincerest friendship & grateful respect. With an assurance of the continuance of these sentiments I remain Dear Sir Your affectionate & obedt Servant

            Thomas Pinckney


Title: From George Washington to Timothy Pickering, 12 October 1795
From: Washington, George
To: Pickering, Timothy

            Sir,
            Mount Vernon 12th October 1795

          Your letters of the 2d & 5th instant came to my hands on thursday last, but it was not in my power, conveniently to acknowledge the receipt of them by the succeeding Post.
          It is a very singular occurrence that Mr Pinckney should make use of a cypher to which there is no counterpart, or key in the Office of State! A kind of fatality seems to have pursued this negociation and in short all our concerns with Spain from the appointment of Mr Carmichael under the new government as Minister to that country up to the present day.
          If the Cyphers which have been furnished Mr Gouvr Morris, Mr Jay, Mr Adams, and Colo. Humphreys, or any of them are different from those by which the letter of Mr Pinckney has been tried, let them also be resorted to—otherwise as the business has commenced in error, the continuance therein is highly probable, until that Gentleman is informed of this extraordinary inattention & is thereby led to correct it. of course the most material & interesting parts of his communications will be lost. Enough however appears already to shew the temper & policy of the Spanish Court, and its undignified cond[uc]t as it respects themselves, & insultg as it relates to us—and I fear will prove that their late treaty of Peace with France portends nothing favorable to the interests of these United States.
          I am glad to find however that matters are going on well in Morocco—but much concerned to hear of the unfavorable decision in the high Court of Appeals on one of the Spoliation Cases in London.

          I shall (as mentioned in one of my last letters) set out for Philadelphia this day but business with the Comrs of the Federal City will detain me in Georgetown tomorrow, and of course keep me a day longer from the seat of Government than I expected.

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Timothy Pickering, 12 October 1795
From: Pickering, Timothy
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            War-Office Oct. 12. 1795.

          General Wayne has requested leave to visit his friends and his home. I wrote to him that your absence from philadelphia prevented a decision on his request. It will be desirable to send him an answer by next Saturday’s post: and lest accident should prevent your arrival here before that time, I send this and a duplicate to meet you either at Baltimore or other place beyond it; requesting to be favoured with your orders respecting General Waynes desire to obtain a furlough. This he certainly would not ask unless the state of affairs rendered the indulgence, in his opinion, perfectly safe. I have the honor to be with the highest respect Sir, your most obt servt

            Timothy Pickering


Title: To George Washington from “Portius,” 12 October 1795
From: “Portius”
To: Washington, George

          12 Oct. 1795. Complains that “the real friends of America have been branded with all the opprobrious epithets which malice could invent” while “The name of Washington like the inscription on the ring of Solomon, was a protection to all who were happy enough to be leagued against the people.” Discusses the Constitutional Convention at Philadelphia as a “usurpation” where “the monarchical party first made its appearance with an avowed intention of effecting its designs; a President for life with regal powers and a Senate for life formed upon the plan of a British peerage might in time pave the way for an hereditary monarch and nobility.” Fortunately, this party did not prevail and the Constitution “with all its excellencies, and with all its defects was notoriously a work of accommodation. But, Sir, the Americans ought never to forget that in this Convention existed a party inimical to republicanism. … A man was to be found whose influence in the community, would counteract the spirit of Freedom. . . . and it must be remembered that this choice was probably fixed upon the future President of the Union.”


Title: To George Washington from Edward Carrington, 13 October 1795
From: Carrington, Edward
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            Richmond Octo. 13 1795

          I have been honored with yours of the 9th Instant, and immediately consulted Genl Marshall thereon. As to a change in Mr Henrys opinions upon the Constitution, he has been so little within the circle of our movements that we must rather rely on the intelligence of Genl Lee, who has had much communication with him, than our own observations. Mr Henry has for several years been in a degree silent on public topics; nor have we heard of any thing whatever, as coming from him, relating to the Treaty. We are not without apprehensions that Genl Lee estimates too highly the affections of Mr H. towards the Constitution; General Marshall being, however, decidedly of opinion, in which I cordially joined, that your letter should be forwarded to him, I have this morning dispached it by Express. In this determination we were governed by the following reasons;

          First, his non acceptance, from domestic considerations, may be calculated on—in this event, be his sentiments on either point what they may, he will properly estimate your letter, & if he has any asperities, it must tend to soften them, and render him, instead of a silent observer of the present tendency of things, in some degree active on the side of Government & order.
          Secondly, should he feel an inclination to go into the office proposed, we are confident, very confident, he has too high a sense of Honor to do so, with sentiments hostile to either of the points in view. this we should rely on upon general ground, but under your letter, a different conduct is, we conceive from our knowledge of Mr H. impossible.
          Thirdly, we are fully persuaded, that a more deadly blow could not be given to the Faction in Virginia, & perhaps elsewhere, than that Gentlemans acceptance of the office in question convinced as we are of the sentiments he must carry with him: so much have the opposers of the Government held him up as their oracle, even since he has ceased to respond to them, that any event demonstrating his active Support to Government, could not but give the party a severe Shock.
          To these reasons we think it not inapplicable to add, that in the present crisis Mr H. may reasonably be calculated on as taking the side of Government, even though he may retain his old prejudices against the constitution—He has indubitably an abhorrence of Anarchy—to be at the head of a popular assembly we know is his delight; but there is much difference between that situation, and scrambling for pre-eminence in a State of confusion, for which he is illy fitted—this we know Mr H. is fully sensible of—we know too that he is improving his fortune fast, which must additionally attach him to the existing Goverment & order, the only Guarantees of property. Add to all this, that he has no affection for the present leaders of the opposition in Virga.
          You will perceive Sir, that we have changed the order in which you directed the propositions to Colo. Innes & Mr Henry to stand—the fact is, we have as yet had no opportunity of acting with respect to the first Gentleman, nor do we know when we shall—this was likely to suspend operations longer than the nature and importance of the object admitted, even had we supposed you particularly attached to the order directed;

this consideration, together with the observations made in regard to Mr H., appeared naturally to dictate the course we have taken. Should Colo. Innes arrive before the return of the Express, Genl Marshall will hold his preliminary conversations as preparatory to a proposition, in case of a refusal in the other instance.
          I pray you Sir to consider it as no imposition to call on me for information in any case where you think proper to do so—your public Station gives you a title to the assistance of every individual on whom you chuse to rely for information as to facts & persons not immediately within your view. under this impression I hold myself bound to attend to your enquiries without prejudice or partiality, as far as my knowledge and judgment enable me. how far this obligation is enhanced by considerations of personal attachment, it is unnecessary to add. To your ultimate enquiry in the event of a vacancy in the war department, I cannot reply but with sensations of sincere gratitude for the confidence it manifests in your mind towards me, and regret that two considerations render it impossible for me to answer in the affirmative—diffidence in my abilities for the Station; & a certainty that, with the Salary annexed to it, the occupant at a distance from his private concerns must experience distress & perhaps ruin. I have the Honor to be with the most affectionate regard yr obt st

            Ed. Carrington


Title: To George Washington from James Mease McRea, 13 October 1795 [letter not found]
From: McRea, James Mease
To: Washington, George

          Letter not found: from James Mease McRea, 13 Oct. 1795. On 13 Oct., William B. Magruder wrote GW: “On seeing Mr McRae’s Letter to you of this Date.”


Title: To George Washington from John Page, 14 October 1795
From: Page, John
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            Rosewell [Va.] Octr 14th 1795

          On the Receipt of your Letter I made the necessary Enquiry respecting the Ability of Mr S[amue]l Anderson to comply with the Terms of Payment you propose for your Land, & being informed by his Neighbour Mr Phil: Tabb that he is a worthy industrious Man who if he should purchase intends to settle on the Place & that he is in Trade & has good Friends, I delivered him the Letter you inclosed. I have waited till now, daily expecting his Answer—he this Day informed me that he had not yet received an Answer from his Friend on which would depend his Determination respecting your Offer. I find Sir that you have not been misinformed respecting the Situation of your Land—I have endeavoured to find the Value of it, & the highest Estimate, as made by Mr Tabb who lives in sight of it, & whose Wife’s Estate where he lived several Years adjoins it, amounts to one thousand Pounds; but this he says no one here can give in less than two or three Payments, as Cash is not to be had. Two Persons contiguous to it wish to rent it; but Jno. Nicholson, who is one of them, declared to me that he would not give more than twenty five Pounds pr Annum. I have not seen the other Gentleman but from what I can collect he will not give more than Nicholson. From what I can learn respecting the ruinous State of the Plantation, & the Depredations committed daily on the Timber it would be well if you secure final Payment of the Price you fix on, by a Mortgage on the Land, to sell it as soon as you can: & I should suppose that the Improvements which such a Man as Mr Sa[mue]l Anderson would put on it, would in Case of

Failure of Payment, soon procure a Purchaser who could pay your Price.
          Mr Tabb, who bought my Interest in the Dismal Swamp, is the only Person Sir, whom I have seen who could give me any Information respecting the Value of your Property there & he says that he can not get more than he gave me eighteen Months ago, which was only £250 for one fourth of a Share. No doubt however the Value of Shares must have encreased, as the Prospect of compleating the Canal must have contributed to raise it in the Estimation of all who know any Thing respecting the Dismal Swamp & the intended Canal. I will endeavour to procure more particular Information Sir & will forward it as soon as I receive it. I write now rather to shew you why I have not written sooner, than to give you the Information you requested. In the mean Time I remain dear Sir with every Sentiment of Esteem & Respect your most obedient humble Servant

            John Page


Title: To George Washington from David von Prætorius, 15 October 1795
From: Prætorius, David von
To: Washington, George

            On board the Ship Thomas ChackeleyOctober 15th 1795.
            Gracious Sir

          On the 12th of this month, I arrived here from Holland in the ship Thomas Chackeley, commanded by Captain Robert Reu, in order to pursue my fortunes in this country; as well on account of my having holden the commission of a Captain in the service of the Empress of Russia, as of my having lost my all during the last year in the Polish Revolution; which rendered it necessary for me to retire in a sickly state of health, and, having

obtained an attestation of it and passes, to pursue my journey through Hamburgh to Holland, with a design, suggested by my services to Russia, to place my person in a state of safety. But as this could not be afforded by Hamburgh and much less by Holland; it became necessary to direct my journey hither, and for that purpose to obligate myself to pay said Captain Reu nearly thirteen guineas at the end of the voyage, although I have been stripped of all my money by the long journey I took. I would certainly esteem it an extraordinary honor to pay my respects to your Excellency in person, in order that I might make your Excellency understand my humble representation, and pray that you would take up my case as that of a stranger: but as I do not know, whether the laws of your Excellency permit a departure from the vessel before the money is paid; and as I have still less knowledge to whom to address myself, I take the liberty with great submission, to pray of your Excellency, as the high-ruling General in this place, graciously to take up my case, as that of a man, who has been, during the last year, grievously punished of God; hoping to explain it circumstantially in person; by which your Excellency will confer an obligation, equal in continuance with the life of him, who has the honor to be with due respect, your Excellency’s (My gracious Lord and high ruling General) most humble servant

            David of Prætorius


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 16 October 1795
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            New York October 16. 1795

          About a fortnight since arrived here Mr Fristel with G. W. Fayette son of the Marquis. The former, who is in capacity of Tutor to the latter, requested me to mention their arrival to you, and that they meant to retire to some place in the neighbouring country ’till they should receive some direction from you. Thus at least I understood him—and accordingly they are gone to a house between Hackensack & Ramapough in the Jerseys to which may be conveyed any letter you may confide to me for them—They are incog.
          Having been informed you were speedily expected from Philadelphia & being oppressed with occupation I delayed writing till this time.
          Mr Fristel, who appears a very sedate discreet man, informs me that they left France with permission, though not in their real characters, but in fact with the privity of some members of the Committee of safety who were disposed to shut their eyes and facilitate their departure.
          The young Fayette also appears to me very advantageously, modest, of very good manners, and expressing himself with intelligence and propriety.
          Shall I trespass on your indulgence in hazarding a sentiment upon the subject of this young Gentleman? If I do let it be ascribed to the double interest I take in a son of the Marquis and in whatever interests the good fame and satisfaction of him to whom I write.
          On mature reflecti⟨on⟩ and on sounding opinions, as far as opportunity & the nature of the case have permitted, I fully believe that the President need be under no embarrassment as to any good offices his heart may lead him to perform towards this young man—It will not, I am persuaded, displease those in possession of the power of the Country from which he comes, and in ours it will be singularly and generally grateful—I am even convinced that the personal and political enemies of the President would be gratified should his ideas of the policy of the case restrain him from that conduct which his friendship to the Marquis and his feelings otherwise would dictate—The Youth of this person joined to the standing of his father make the way easy.

          I even venture to think it possible that the time is not very remote when the Marquis will again recover the confidence and esteem of his Country when perhaps the men in power may be glad to fortify themselves and their cause with his alliance—This however is supposition merely to be indulged as a reflection not to be counted upon as a fact.
          There is another subject upon which I will hazard a few words—It is that of Mr Randolph—I have seen the intercepted letter, which I presume led to his resignation—I read it with regret, but without much surprise—for I never had confidence in Mr Randolph, and I thought there were very suspicious appearances about him on the occasion to which the letter particularly refers.
          I perceive that rendered desperate himself he meditates as much mischief as he can—The letter he calls for I presume is that above alluded to—His object is, if he obtains it, to prejudice others—if any part is kept back, to derive advantage to his cause from the idea, that there may be something reserved which would tend to his exculpation and to produce suspicion that there is something which you are interested to keep from the light.
          Though from the state of public prejudices I shall probably for one be a sufferer by the publication; yet upon the whole I incline to the opinion that it is most adviseable the whole should come before the public. I acknowlege that I do not express this opinion without hesitation and therefore it will deserve as it will no doubt engage your mature reflection but such is the present byass of my judgment—I am the more inclined to the opinion as I presume that the subject being in part before the public, the whole letter will finally come out through the quarter by which it was written and then it would have additional weight to produce ill impressions. With great respect & Affectionate attachment I have the honor to be Sir Yr very obed. ser.

            A. Hamilton


Title: To George Washington from Patrick Henry, 16 October 1795
From: Henry, Patrick
To: Washington, George

            Long-Island Campbell County [Va.]Octor 16th 1795
            Honoured Sir,

          Your Favor of the 9th Instant is this Moment delivered to me at this place by an Express from Richmond. The Contents of it make a deep Impression on my Mind. To disobey the Call of my Country into Service when her venerable Chief makes a Demand of it, must be a Crime, unless the most substantial Reasons justify declining it. And I must trust to your Candour & Goodness to excuse me for not accepting the Appointment you are pleased to offer me, & to judge of my Reasons for doing so.
          My domestic Situation pleads strongly against a Removal to philadelphia, having no less than eight Children by my present Marriage, while Mrs Henrys Condition forbids her approach to the small pox, which neither herself nor any of our Children or Servants ever had. To this may be added Loss of Crops & consequent Derangement of my Finances. But what is of more decisive Weight with me, I believe my Health & Strength are unequal to the Dutys of that Station you are pleased to offer me.
          This Detail composed so much of particulars uninteresting to the public, I am embolden’d to lay before you from the friendly & unreserved Sentiments you have been pleased to express towards me. permit to add, that having devoted many years of the prime of my Life to the public Service & thereby injured my Circumstances I have been obliged, in order to retrieve them, to resume my former profession, & go to the Bar, & this, at a Time of Life, too advanced to support the Fatigues of it. By this my Health has suffered.
          When these Things are considered, may I hope for your favorable Judgement on the Motives by which I am actuated? Believe me Sir I have bid adieu to federal & Antifederal ever since the Adoption of the present Goverment; & in the Circle of my Friends have often expressed my Fears of Disunion amongst the States from Collision of Interest; but especially from the banefull Effects of Faction—In that Case the most I can say is, that if my Country is destined in my Day to encounter the Horrors of Anarchy, every power of Mind & Body which I possess will be exerted in support of the Goverment under which I live & which has been fairly sanctioned by my Country men. I should

be unworthy the Character of a Republican or an honest man if I withheld my best & most zealous Efforts, because I opposed the Constitution in its unaltered Form—And I do cordially execrate a contrary Sentiment.
          It is with Regret that I understand some Occurrences of late have given you Uneasiness. I did hope & pray that it might be your Lot to feel as little of that, as the most favour’d condition of Humanity can experience. And if it eventually comes to pass, that Evil, instead of Good, grows out of the Measures you may adopt, I confide that our Country will not so far depart from its Character as to Judge from the Events, but give full Credit to the Motives, & decide from them alone.
          Forgive Sir these Effusions, & permit me to add to them only one more, which is an ardent Wish that the best Rewards which are due to a well spent & long Life may be yours. With the most sincere Regard & the highest Esteem I ever am honoured & dear sir your much oblige & very humble Servant

            P. Henry


Title: To George Washington from John William Bronaugh, 18 October 1795
From: Bronaugh, John William
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            Aquia [Va.] 18th Octor 1795

          I have taken the liberty of enclosing to you a letter from my Father, which I hoped to have had the honor of delivering myself but was prevented by your leaving Mount Vernon sooner than I expected—The patent and bond mentioned in my Fathers letter, would not be of any service to me in effecting a sale and I can at any time hereafter get them, your certificate would be of infinite

service to me, and I therefore trust you will inform me by letter whatever you may know respecting the land—I shall remain in Baltimore for eight or ten days where you will be so good as to direct to me—I am with great respect Yr most obt Hum. Servt

            John W. Bronaugh


Title: To George Washington from Tobias Lear, 19 October 1795
From: Lear, Tobias
To: Washington, George

            My dear Sir,
            Washington [D.C.] Octr 19th 1795

          I have just returned from my trip up to the Shanandoah without being able to accomplish the object of securing for the public the property at the junction of that River with the potomac in the manner I wished. I am not, however, without hopes that it may yet be done. I found, on examination into the title, that the ferry tract, which contains about one hundred & twenty acres, by patent, was devised by Robert Harper to his Daughter Sarah, and such one of her male issue as she and her husband, John Wager, should judge most deserving of it. They had but one son who now lives with his father at the ferry—and is about 23 years of age, and therefore, with his father (the mother being dead) has a right to dispose of the same. The old man is willing to dispose of his life in the Estate, and if his son will join to convey it in fee, their price is 2000£ Virga Currency, reserving to themselves the right of the ferry—the House & out Houses, with about ten Acres of ground, which shall not interfere with any operations

which may be carried on on the other parts, or prevent any use of water. The young man, at present does not appear willing to sell it; but I have reason to think he may still be prevailed upon to do so. The next tract, on which Bready’s saw mill stands, runs across from River to River, back of the ferry tract, and contains, by patent about 230 acres. This was devised by Robert Harper to Robert Griffith; but as his heirs were not mentioned, it was, at the death of Griffith claimed by Bready on behalf of one of the grandsons of old Harper, and by young Wager, another grandson, who also has the reversion of the ferry tract. But as there was no mention of remainder to this tract made in Harper’s will, the Son of Griffith has also claimed—and the matter is now in suit between them. Bready and Young Wager have, by agreement, joint possession, & Griffith has transferred his claim to Rutherford who married the daughter of General Darke. This tract is necessary on account of the Water on both Rivers—The Mill seat on the Shanandoah being considered as one of the best & safest in that Country, and an equally good one can be had on the Potomac. The fall on the Shanandoah within this tract is 20 feet, and the whole river may be brought with ease, if necessary, to operate on water works: the same may be done on the Potomac⟨.⟩ I had much conversation with Bready & Wager respecting this tract, & with Genl Darke on behalf of Rutherford, who was sick—and they agreed to let the property go for three thousand pounds Virginia money—and give immediate possession of the premises—the money to be paid, on decision of the suit, to whomsoever should have the right to convey; unless they should previously come to an amicable settlemt—and then the payment to be divided & conveyance to be made by them jointly, who are the only persons having any pretensions to said property. Considering the situation & advantages of water, this is not thought by good judges to be an extravagant price. Colo. Bull is ready to dispose of the whole, or any part of his tract that may be wanted. He has about 650 Acres on a lease for 70 years (6 of which are expired) at £6 virga money per hundred. His price is £1500 for the whole, or in proportion for a part. He has sold his mill & about 200 acres of the land adjoining the Shanandah. He got for that £2500 Virga Curr[enc]y—the mill not a very good one, and the fall of water not more than 7 feet. The Water on this tract is by no means necessary for the other. Genl Henry

Lee has the fee of Bull’s land. I spent two days at the ferry endeavouring to bring about the purchase of the lands in question, without intimating the uses for which it might be wanted; but found that the holders would not agree to sell it on any terms: and as General Darke observed that he had been on the ground with M. Rochfontaine, and recommended it to him in strong terms for the public arsenal; but that M. Rochfontaine, he believed, had never reported it as a favorable spot, I was induced to tell him that it was possible that it might yet be appropriated to that purpose, if it could be obtained reasonably. He was forceably struck with the thing, and at once engaged that Mr Rutherford should relinquish his claim for a reasonable consideration, and was the means of bringing the others to the points which I have before mentioned, by telling them the purposes to which it might be applied, and the good effect it would have on other property in that quarter. And as they were not then willing to give in writing their consent to selling as before mentioned, he has promised to press the matter with them, and let me know decidedly what may be done by the 25th of this month—and I have reason to think that he will bring them to consent to sell if the public should be disposed to buy.
          I have, as I mentioned to you, a contract for the lease of the ferry tract for 7 years; but I shall be ready to give it up to the public, reserving to myself a small spo⟨t⟩ where it shall not interfere with their works, for the purpose of carrying on business. And as Wager will, in case of purchase, reserve the House & ferry, the rent of 800 doll[ar]s per Annum, which I was to pay, will not be demanded.
          I enclose a rough sketch of the three tracts herein mentioned that you may form some idea of their relative situation. Colo. Gilpin & myself went over the ground very attentively, and he is confirmed in the opinion which he gave to you; and as to the quantity and power of the water, he is convinced it is equal to any thing that can be wanted, or to any that can be found in any part of the River, and that water works of magnitude can be erected nowhere at a less expense.
          The Ship Peggy on board which your Blankets &c. have been shipp’d, is not yet arrived. She sailed from Liverpool about the 15th of Augt and we expect her every hour. I shall immediately send your things to Mr Pearce when they arrive.

            Fig. 1. Tobias Lear’s sketch of parcels at or near the confluence of the Potomac and Shenandoah rivers, where Robert Harper’s ferry carried passengers between Virginia and Maryland. The land was being considered for the establishment of a federal arsenal. (Library of Congress)

          I passed through Alexa. on my return from the Shanandoah, where I had the pleasure to find Fanny and our little folks in good health. She begs her affectionate & most respectful remembrance to yourself & her good Aunt—to which I pray mine may be added. We shall get fixed here this week.
          You will have the goodness, when convenient, to let me know if anything effectial shall be done in this business of the land up the River, in case these people come forward with their offers as beforementioned.
          The Waters of the Shanandoah were too high to admit of our taking that accurate survey which we wished for the Canals & Locks, we however laid out the ground for the first Canal, opposite Capt. Little’s. With sentiments of the purest Respect & most perfect attachment, I have the honor to be My dear sir, Your most affectionate & devoted friend

            Tobias Lear


Title: From George Washington to William Pearce, 19 October 1795
From: Washington, George
To: Pearce, William

            Head of Elk [Md.] ⟨Mon⟩day Eveng19th of ⟨O⟩ct. 1795.
            Mr Pearce,

          Owing to the bad weather, and the sickness on the road of both Washington and one of the Postilions (Joe) I am no farther

advanced yet; & do not expect to reach Philadelphia at soonest, before tuesday afternoon.
          As my Wheat would be a heavy loss to me, if the Weavil should get much into it; I must again request that no time may be lost in getting it out of the straw, and ground up as fast as the Mill is able do to it. As the River farm has no place in which the threshed Wheat can be secured, let that be the first cleaned & sent to the Mill. At the other places let it be got out of the Straw and lye in the chaff, to be cleaned as fast as the Mill can grind it, and no faster.
          I wish also that you would have your Corn taken out of the field as soon as you think it can be done with safety, altho’ it may not be dry enough to loft. Nothing injures the growing wheat among it, more than running Carts over it when the grou⟨nd⟩ is in a freezing, and thawing Sta⟨te.⟩ The Wheels, the feet of the Oxen, an⟨d mutilated t⟩hose of the People also press ⟨mutilated⟩ping about ⟨b⟩uries, & tares up (when the groun⟨d⟩ has been frozen, & thawed at top) a great deal of it. Corn this year is drier, I conceive, than is usual at this season—To this cause, or to want, I know not which, I have seen several fields gathered on the Road I came.
          Do not delay gathering (before the birds thin them) all the berries of the White thorn—and lay up a large store of Cedar berries in due Season. On this subject, & hedging, I shall write to you more fully after I get to Philadelphia; but mention them now that the White thorn berries (which I fancy are rather scarce) may be got while they are in being.
          The sooner your Potatoes are up and secured the better. The weather seems to be getting cold; and if it should be freezing, will prevent them from drying and keeping well. Order the Overseers to be particularly attentive where these & Corn grow together, to measure each seperate from what may grow in other places, that I may know the comparative yield of both.
          Desire the Gardener not to trim either the Lombardy Poplar or Yellow willow until the Season shall arrive for putting out t⟨he⟩ cuttings; as I may want them for Hedg⟨ing⟩—I am Your friend &ca

            Go: Washingt⟨on⟩


Title: To George Washington from Burgess Ball, 20 October 1795
From: Ball, Burgess
To: Washington, George

            Bigg Spring near Leesburg [Va.]20th of October 1795
            Dear sir,

          As I took the liberty of addressing you previous to my setting out to Bath, having return’d therefrom, I trouble you with a few Lines—Fanny I think is much better, but her Sister I think not so well, and as to myself, I’ve been several times (since I wrote you) at Deaths door, ’tho at present am again mending—my State of Health is exceedingly precarious indeed, and unless the Cause can be soon removed, I expect to tarry not much longer in this World. I have some thought of visiting Philada in order to consult the most Eminent on my Case, which I can scarcely discribe it being of so extraordinary a kind. whilst at Bath nothing was talk’d of but the Treaty, but, after your ratification was known all were silent, and now a general acquiescense seems to await the Effect of time—my neighbourhood ’tho suppos’d violent Anties, have become very moderate. My Crop of wheat turns out far short of my Expectations, ’tho as good as most Peoples. Fanny unites in every good Wish for you & yours, & I am Dr sir yr affect. Hbe servt

            B: Ball


Title: To George Washington from Edward Carrington, 20 October 1795
From: Carrington, Edward
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            Richmond Octo. 20. 1795

          The Express returned yesterday from Mr Henry—He was at a plantation more distant from hence than his place of residence, which occasioned the delay. I do myself the Honor to enclose herewith his answer to your letter. the agency you had been pleased to give me in your communication with that Gentleman, however unlimitted, would not have led me to take the liberty of opening his letter, had not another circumstance in which you equally interested me, rendered it indispensibly necessary—it was impossible for me to intimate to him my knowing the

contents of your communication, so as to draw from him any information as to his decision; and a knowledge of it was necessary for the Government of Genl Marshall and myself in regard to Colo. Innes. It gives us pleasure to find that although Mr Henry is rather to be understood as probably not an approver of the Treaty, his conduct and sentiments generally, both as to government & yourself, are such as we calculated on; and that he received your letter with impressions which assure us of his discountenancing calumny of every discription, and disorder.
          As to Colo. Innes, I am sorry to inform you that he has not yet returned to this place. I suppose he is at the Suffolk district Court. sensible that you must be under some difficulty how to act should an opportunity present itself of filling the appointment of Attorney General, while your commission with regard to Colo. Innes is supposed to exist with us, I think it not amiss just to say, that when he arrives nothing more will be done farther than a preliminary conversation, until we hear from you again—we are intirely at a loss as to the time he will return, for we have heard nothing of him. enclosed is the rect of the Express who went to Mr Henry for 24 Dols. 33/100. I have the Honor to be with the most affectionate regard Dear Sir Your Most Ob. st

            Ed. Carrington


Title: From George Washington to James Maury, 20 October 1795
From: Washington, George
To: Maury, James

            Sir,
            Wilmington, State of Delaware 20th Octr 1795

          Meeting, accidentally, at this place (as I was returning to Phila. from Mt Vernon) with a Ship passing for London I request the favor of you to send me by the first vessel bound to Potomack River from your Port the following articles—viz.—
          2 Sacks—say eight bushels of the field Pea of England
          The like quantity of the Winter Vetch—and
          As much of the Succory—or Chicorium Intibus—as will sow four acres of Land.
          You will readily perceive that the first and last of these articles must be in this country by the first of April—to be in proper Seed time.

          I have to request that none of them be put into the Ships hold. When this is the case they get heated, and the Vegitative properties of the Seed are almost invariably destroyed. I pray you to be particularly attentive in procuring good Seed. I shall add no more at present than that I am Sir Your most Obedt Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from William Pearce, 21 October 1795 [letter not found]
From: Pearce, William
To: Washington, George

          Letter not found: from William Pearce, 21 Oct. 1795. On 25 Oct., GW wrote Pearce: “The Post of yesterday, brought me your letter of the 21st instant.”


Title: From George Washington to Edmund Randolph, 21 October 1795
From: Washington, George
To: Randolph, Edmund

            Sir,
            Philadelphia 21st of October 1795

          In several of the public Gazettes I had read your note to the Editor of the Philadelphia Gazette, with an extract of a letter addressed to me of the 8th instant; but it was not until yesterday, that the letter itself was received.
          It is not difficult, from the tenor of that letter, to perceive what your objects are; but that you may have no cause to complain of the withholding any paper (however private & confidential) which you shall think necessary in a case of so serious a nature, I have directed that you should have the inspection of my letter of the 22d of July agreeably to your request—and you are at full liberty to publish, without reserve, any, and every private & confidential letter I ever wrote you; nay more—every word I ever uttered to, or in your presence, from whence you can derive any advantage in your vindication.
          I grant this permission, inasmuch as the extract alluded to, manifestly tends to impress on the public mind an opinion that something has passed between us which you should disclose with reluctance; from motives of delicacy which respect me.
          You know, Sir, even before the Treaty was laid before the Senate, that I had difficulties with respect to the commercial part of it; with which I professed to be the least acquainted; and that I had no means of acquiring information thereon without disclosing its contents: not to do which until it was submitted to the Senate, had been resolved on. You know too, that it was my

determination previous to this submission, to ratify the Treaty if it should be so advised, and consented to by that body; and that the doubts which afterwards arose, & were communicated to Mr Hammond, proceeded from more authentic information of the existence of what is commonly called the Provision order of the British government. And finally, you know the grounds on which my ultimate decision was taken; as the same were expressed to you, the other Secretaries of departments and the late Attorney general, after a thorough investigation & consideration of the subject, in all the aspects in which it could be placed.
          As you are no longer an Officer of the government, and propose to submit your vindication to the Public, it is not my desire, nor is it my intention to receive it otherwise than through the medium of the Press. Facts you cannot mistake. and if they are fairly and candidly stated, they will invite no comments.
          The extract of your letter to me, dated the 8th instant, being published in all the gazettes, I request that this letter may be inserted in the compilation you are now making; as well to shew my disposition to furnish you with every means I possess towards your vindication, as that I have no wish to conceal any part of my conduct from the public. That public will judge, when it comes to see your vindication, how far, and how proper it has been for you, to publish private & confidential communications—which, oftentimes have been written in a hurry, and sometimes without even copies being taken. And it will, I hope, appreciate my motives, even if it should condemn my prudence, in allowing you the unlimited license herein contained.

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Christopher Richmond, 21 October 1795
From: Richmond, Christopher
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            City of Washington [D.C.] 21st October 1795

          I wished very much to have had the Letters enclosed, and the Box which now come by Mr Simmons, delivered to your hand before you left Mount Vernon. The Books which came by the Ship President to Baltimore, did not arrive here until the evening of the day, on which you passed through the City; on your way to Philadelphia.
          They came from an old friend and acquaintance of mine, of tried industry and integrity; who has an high respect for, and admiration of your Character—and it will give me peculiar pleasure to know, that the Letter and Books; meet with your approbation and acceptance.
          I have taken the liberty of putting up with the Books the latest Monthly Navy List of Great Britain. I wish for the peace of Europe and mankind, that this Navy was less powerful. With the

highest respect I have the Honor to subscribe myself, Sir Your most obedient hble Servant

            C. Richmond