Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Smith, 27 September 1777
From: Smith, Samuel
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fort Mifflin [Pa.] 27th Sept. 1777

I last night threw myself into this Garrison, where I am sorry to inform your Excellency that I find every-thing in the utmost Confusion, not as many Cartouches as will last one day, & the very necessary Cartouches for the Block houses not sufficient for an hour: 60 untrained Militia, are all the artillery men in the Fort, the provisions almost out. The Militia refused obedience to Capt. Treat and have under went no sort of training. This day one of the Frigates was taken by the Enemy which effectually cut off our Communication with Trenton. As Commodore  thinks it will be very imprudent to attempt an attack on her, so well guarded as she is by their batteries, So that the stores I send for by this express, to Trenton must come by land which will take up much time. Should the enemy in the mean time make a vigorous attack on the chevaux de frise & the Frigate come down on our backs, when we have no battery & no cover but Pickets, the Fort and Garrison may probably fall in to their hands. Gen. Newcomb with 500 Militia is now at Woodberry, I expect they will Garrison Billingsport, we cannot spare time to dismantle it, I am endeavouring to put the Fort into the best posture of defence I can. For which purpose I have drafted 50 of my men to serve the Cannon, Capt. Treat has taken charge of, & if they will give us some time to prepare, we shall be able to make a tolerable defence. I have sent the commissary to provide for us at Gloster where I am informed there are some provisions belonging To the Continent.
A Flag just appears from Ld Cornwallis demanding to know why the Commodore wishes to fire on the defenceless inhabitants of the City, that should a repetition of the kind happen, he must expect that he would retaliate on the prisoners in his hands, & further observed the folly of future attempts as he had sufficiently fortified approaches by water to the city, He further added that he still held up the hand of clemency & mercy to all that would submit, and begged we would consider the situation we were in, that in a very few days he would be able to attack with such a formidable force that it would be impossible for us to resist, Capt. Robinson of the Navy for answer informed that Ld Cornwallis must have been misinformed with the intention of the ships being sent up: as the Commanding officer had orders from the Commodore to prevent any works from being thrown up. I have the honor to be your Excelly M. O. S.

S.S.


Title: From George Washington to the Officer Commanding the Virginia Militia, 27 September 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Officer Commanding the Virginia Militia

Sir
[Pennypacker’s Mill, Pa., 27 September 1777]

The late movements of the Enemy and their determined purpose to execute their plans, if possible, require that every exertion should be employed on our part to baffle and defeat their designs. I therefore desire, that you will march as soon as you can with about One Thousand of the Virginia Militia effective (Rank and file) with their respective Officers, out of those assembled at or coming to Lancaster and join the Army under my command. This Number I wish to be composed of those, that are best armed and equipped for the Season. The Remainder

that are armed are to wait at Lancaster for further Orders; Those that are not, if there are any such, may return to their Homes, as their continuing there or joining the Army, in such a situation, will not be attended with any advantages to the States. I have mentioned this, from an apprehension, that there may be some in that predicament, as has been unhappily the case with Many from Maryland & this State, who were willing to offer their Service. I cannot prescribe the particular Route by which you are to march, as that will depend upon circumstances and the situation of the Enemy. At present, It seems, that it should be through Reading—But the face of Affairs now may change. I would therefore observe, that you will endeavour, as you advance, to obtain information of the Enemy’s & our situation & regulate yourself accordingly. A junction with me, as early as possible will be highly necessary, And, I trust, your exertions will be directed to accomplish it. I shall be to night in the Neighbourhood of Potsgrove with the Army about Nine Miles above this. I am Sir Yr Most Obedt set.

P.S. The Express has a Letter for Colo. Gibson—If he is in your Rear or on Another Rout, you will direct him to proceed immediately to him.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 27 September 1777
From: Wayne, Anthony
To: Washington, George

Sir
Trap [Pa.] 27th Sepr 1777

I feel myself very much Injured until such time as you will be kind Enough to Indulge me with an Enquiry into my Conduct Concerning the Action of the night of the 20th Instant.
Conscious of having done my duty I dare my Accusor’s to a fair and Candid hearing—dark Insinuations and Insidius friends I dread—but from an Open and avowed enemy I have nothing to fear.
I have no other mode of drawing them forth to Open view, but through your means, I must therefore beg an Immediate Enquiry—Your Compliance will much Oblige your Excellency’s Most Obt Huml Sert

Anty Wayne


Title: General Orders, 28 September 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, at Pennybecker’s mills [Pa.] Sept. 28th 1777
Stillwater.Albany Kingston.

The Commander in Chief has the happiness again, to congratulate the army, on the success of the American Arms, at the northward. On the 19th instant an engagement took place between Genl Burgoyne’s army and the left wing of ours under Genl Gates—The battle began at one o’clock & lasted ’till night, our troops fighting with the greatest bravery & not giving an inch of ground: Our loss is about 80 killed, and 200 wounded and missing—the enemy’s is judged to exceed a 1000 in killed, wounded and taken prisoners—Both prisoners and deserters declare, that, Genl Burgoyne, who commanded in person, was wounded in the left shoulder—that the 62nd regiment was cut to pieces, and that the enemy suffered extremely in every quarter where they were engaged—Such was the ardour of our troops that wounded men, after being dressed, renewed the action—The Commander in Chief has further occasion to congratulate the troops on the success of a detachment from the northern army under Col. Browne, who attacked and carried several of the enemy’s posts, & have got possession of the old french lines at Ticonderoga—Colonel Browne in these several attacks has taken 293 of the enemy prisoners with their arms—retaken more than 100 of our men—and taken 150 batteaus below the falls in Lake Champlain, and 50 above the falls, including 17 Gun boats, and 1 armed sloop—besides cannon—ammunition &c.—&c.
To celebrate this success, the General orders that at four o’clock this afternoon all the troops be paraded and served with a gill of rum a man—and that at the same time there be a discharge of Thirteen pieces of artillery at the park.
All spare ammunition in those divisions that have not close spare waggons to secure it, is to be returned to the park of artillery.


Title: Council of War, 28 September 1777
From: Council of War
To:

[Pennypacker’s Mill, Pa., 28 September 1777]

At a Council of War held at Head Qrs at Pennibeckers Mill the 28th day of Septr 1777.
Present His Excellency, the Commander in Chief. Majors Genl Sullivan[,] Greene[,] Ld Stirling[,] Stephens[,] Armstrong. Brigadr Genls McDougal[,] Maxwell[,] Smalwood[,] Knox[,] Wayne[,] Muhlenberg[,] Nash[,] Weedon[,] Scott[,] Conway[,] Potter[,] Irvine. Besides these, John Cadwalader & Joseph Read Esqrs. were present.
His Excellency informed the Board, that the Main body of the Enemy, by the last Accounts he had obtained, lay near German Town, and that part had marched into the City of Philadelphia—Whether to remain there or not, he could not learn. That their Whole force from the best Accounts he could get and from a comparative view & estimate, amounts to about 8,000 Men.
That a Detachment of Continental Troops from Peeks Kill, under the command of Brigadr Genl McDougal consisting of about 900 men had joined the Army, That Genl Smallwood, with the Militia of Maryland, amounting to about 1100 had also arrived, and that Brigadr Foreman with about 600 Jersey Militia, would be near the Army to day on the Skippack Road. That of Continental Troops, at this time in Camp, exclusive of the Detachment under Genl McDougal and that under Genl Wayne at the Trap, there were returned present fit for duty 5472, to which is to be added the light Corps, lately under Genl Maxwell, supposed to amount to 450 Men, and the Militia of the State of Pennsylvania under the command of Major Genl Armstrong—That upon the Whole, the Army would consist of about 8000 Continental Troops rank & file and 3,000 Militia.
His Excellency further informed the Board, that a Body of Militia

was coming from Virginia, & that part had arrived at Lancaster. That he understood from Report, that the number of ’em amounted to near 2000 men, but that from good authority, he was advised they were badly armed & many of them without any at all.
His Excellency also informed the Board that on the 24th Inst. he dispatched an Express to Genl Putnam with a Letter dated the day before ordering a Detachment to be sent immediately from Peeks Kill to reinforce the Army under his Command, which Detachment in addition to the Corps then on the March under Genl McDougal, should make the Whole Force directed from that post amount to 2500 Effective Rank & file.
Under these circumstances he had called a Council of War to consult & resolve on the most adviseable measures to be pursued, but more especially to learn from them, Whether with this Force it was prudent to make a general & vigorous attack upon the Enemy, or to wait further Reinforcements, upon which he prayed their Opinions.
The Board having taken into consideration the Whole circumstances and the Question propounded, are of Opinion that an immediate Attack should not be made; But they advise that the Army should move to some Grounds proper for an Encampment within about 12 Miles of the Enemy, and there wait for a further Reinforcement, or be in readiness to take advantage of any favourable Opportunity that may offer for making an Attack.

            Alexr MDougall
            Jno. Sullivan

            H. Knox B. G. Artilly
            Nath. Greene

            F. Nash B. Gl
            Stirling

            P. Muhlenberg B. G.
            Adam Stephen M. G.

            T. Conway, B. G.
            John Armstrong

The subscribers being of Opinion our Force was sufficient to attack with but being overuled concur with the above.

            W. Smallwood
            Jas Potter

            Anthy Wayne
            James Irvine

            Chs Scott


Title: From George Washington to John Parke Custis, 28 September 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Custis, John Parke

Dear Sir,
Perkiomy Creek in Philadelphia Cty [Pa.]Sep. 28th 1777

Your Letter of the 11th Instt came to my hands yesterday.
It was always my Intention, if agreeable to your Mother, to give you

the offer of Renting her Dower Estate in King William during my Interest therein, so soon as you came of age to act for your self. On two Accts I resolved to do this; first, because I was desirous of contracting my own business into as narrow a compass as possible—and secondly, because I thought an Estate, so capable of Improvement as that is (in hands of a person who had a permanent Interest in it, and the means withal) ought not to be neglected till an unfortunate event, and perhaps a distant one, might put you in possession.
The little attention I have been able to pay to any part of my own private business for three years last past is the cause why this among other matters has escaped me but since you have mentioned it yourself I have only to add that it will be quite agreeable to me that you should have the Land and every thing thereon except breeding Mares if any, and Philleys.
To regulate the Rent by the rule you have mentioned, I could not consent, because, if the Plantation had been under good management, it would have fixed it higher than you ought to give—If under bad Management which I believe to be the case it would fix it too low and might settle it at nothing. the only true criterian is to determine what so much Land, with so much Marsh, in such a part of the Country, would Rent for—and then the annual value of so many Slaves, estimating them at their present worth, at the sametime having respect to the advantages, and disadvantages, of the old and the young, as the one is declining, and the other Improving.
As you are desirous of having the matter fixed as speedily as possible—as the distance between us is too great—the Season far advanced—and Letters too apt to miscarry to negotiate a business of this kind, in that way, and as I wish for no more, than Impartial Gentlemen, unconnected with both of us, shall say I ought to have, I am content to leave the valuation of the whole to Genl Nelson, Colo. Braxton, and George Webb Esqr—I mention these Gentlemen because they are Persons of character, and because no time may be lost in the appointment.
Whatever Rent they shall fix upon the Land, and whatever hire for the Negros, I contentedly will take. The Stock of every kind (except Mares & Phillies) and Plantation utensils & Working Tools may also be valued; at which you may take them. by wch means the whole business may be finished at once.
That these Gentlemen (if you approve the Method of ascertaining the Rent) may know it is with my approbation the request is made to them you will shew them this Letter, and at the same time apologize in my name for the trouble it will give them if they are obliging enough to undertake it.

My extreme hurry, especially at this juncture, only allows me time to add my love to Nelly, & to assure you that I am with sincere regard & Affectn Dr Sir Yrs

Go: Washington

P.S. In the present fluctuating State of things, there is one thing which justice to myself and your Mother requires me to condition for, & that is, that the Rent stipulated shall have some relative value, to secure an equivalent for the Land & Slaves—otherwise, as the Lease will be an absolute conveyance of the Estate from your Mother and me, We may, at the end of a few years if paper money continues to depreciate, get nothing for it. I do not mean by this to insinuate that I am unwilling to receive Paper money—on the contrary, I shall, with chearfulness receive paymt in any thing that has a currency at the time, but of equal value then to the Intrinsic worth at the time of fixing the Rent—In a word, that I may really, & not nominally get what was intended as a Rent. Yrs &ca

G. W——n


Title: From George Washington to John Parke Custis, 28 September 1777 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Custis, John Parke

Letter not found: to John Parke Custis, 28 Sept. 1777. Custis refers in his letter to GW of 26 Oct. 1777 to “Your two Letters of the 28 Ult.”


Title: To George Washington from Brig. Gen. David Forman, 28 September 1777 [letter not found]
From: Forman, David
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Brig. Gen. David Forman, 28 Sept. 1777. GW wrote Forman on 29 Sept.: “I recd yours of yesterday.”


Title: From George Washington to Richard Peters, 28 September 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Peters, Richard

Sir
Pennebecker’s Mill [Pa.] Septr 28th 1777

The present situation of our affairs makes it necessary we should exert every nerve to collect, without loss of time, all the force we can get

together, to endeavour to compensate for the loss we have sustained, and prevent the enemy’s reaping the advantage they expect from their late success. I must therefore beg the favour of you to send forward and hurry on the militia that are coming from the Southward. I would wish them to take the shortest rout to the Schulkil so as to cross it above the mouth of French Creek, and thence proceed to join this army with all possible expedition. As the militia will march in separate detachments, I am at a loss to call upon any particular officer to hasten their progress, which induces me to request your attention to the matter. You are sensible of the exigency of the times, and how essential it is that the reinforcements for this army should join it as speedily as the nature of things will permit; and I doubt not you will contribute every exertion in your power to promoting this desireable and important end. I am Sir Yr most.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 28 September 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

Dr Sir
Camp at Pennibeckers Mill [Pa.] Sep. 28th 1777

I wrote you on the 23d Instant—Lest my Letter should have miscarried, I now inclose you a Copy. I must request your immediate attention to the Contents, and that you will not delay a Moment in sending the Troops which are ordered. Their aid becomes more and more necessary, and I wish you to urge the Officer, who shall have the command to join me as soon as possible without injuring and harrassing the Men too much. The Rout you will find marked out by the Copy, which they will pursue with such other directions as are therein given. I have only to add, that your exertions in forwarding them on, and theirs to afford me the earliest, possible Succour, will not only be pleasing, but extremely interesting. I fully expect that neither will be wanting. I am Dr Sir with great regard Yr Most Obedt servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Maj. Gen. Israel Putnam, 28 September 1777 [letter not found]
From: Putnam, Israel
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Maj. Gen. Israel Putnam, 28 Sept. 1777. GW wrote Putnam on 1 Oct.: “I have yours of the 27 and 28 Ulto.”


Title: General Orders, 29 September 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, at Pennybecker’s mills [Pa.] Sept. 29th 1777
Whiteplains.North Castle. Stamford.

The troops are to be in readiness to march this morng at Ten o’clock.
John White Esqr. is appointed a Volunteer Aid-de-Camp to Major General Sullivan, and is to be respected as such.
Lieut. Col. Hendricks is promoted to the rank of Colonel of the 1st Virginia regt in the room of Col. Reed deceased.
Major Simms of the 13th Virginia regt to be Lieut. Col. of the 6th in the room of Lieut: Col. Hendricks promoted.
Capt: Campbell of the 8th—to be Major of the 13th V—regiment in the room of Major Simms promoted.
The Brigadiers or Officers commanding brigades are to parade their respective brigades, at 8 O’clock to morrow morning and under their own eyes, have exact returns made, of the officers and men, present on the ground, which returns they are immediately afterwards, to transmit, to the Adjutant General. Such of their officers as are absent on duty, or sick, they are as speedily as possible, to order to join their corps. If any such officers get taken by the enemy, they will not be exchanged.


Title: From George Washington to Major John Clark, Jr., 29 September 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Clark, John Jr.

Sir
Head Quarters Pennybackers Mill [Pa.] 29th Sepr 1777

I recd yours of the 25th from Elizabeth Town by John Meeker. I inclose you a passport for him and for John Hendricks and Baker Hendricks both of whom Colo. Dayton informs me can be usefull, to us. The Colo. also informs me that these people and some others who have done us services in this way have never been paid for their risque and trouble, I therefore desire you will make them such compensation, out of the public Money in your hands, as you shall deem adequate. I beg you will give me the earliest intelligence of any thing material from New York or that quarter—I thank you for your past diligence in that way and am Sir Yr most obt Servt

Go: Washington

P.S. The persons who go over are to be allowed to carry over a small Matter of market truck, and to bring back a few Goods to give a colour of going upon Business of that kind only.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General David Forman, 29 September 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Forman, David

Sir
Camp Pennybackers Mill [Pa.] 29th Sepr 1777.

I recd yours of yesterday from the Buck Tavern, desiring my orders for your Rout. I wrote to you yesterday by Cornet Russworm directing you to march to North Wales Meeting and from thence to Wentzs upon the Skippack Road, but lest that should have missed you I now confirm the order and desire you may follow it. When you arrive at Wentzs you

will probably be in the Neighbourhood of this Army as we shall move that way tomorrow should the day be fair. I am Sir Yr most obt Servt.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Lewis Nicola, 29 September 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Nicola, Lewis

Sir
Camp Pennybackers Mill [Pa.] 29th Sepr 1777.

I am favd with yours of the 25th instant from Fort Mifflin. Before this reaches you Lt Colo. Smith will have thrown himself into the Fort with two hundred Continental Troops which are all that I could possibly spare. I very much approve of your calling upon Govr Livingston for a Reinforcement of Jersey Militia and I think you had better call in the few Men that are at Billingsport and if there are any Stores there remove them to Fort Mifflin.
By this opportunity I transmit Comodore Hazlewood and Capt. Alexander letters from Congress, desiring them to give every Assistance towards the defence of the Fort and Obstructions in the River; and I inclose you Copy of the General orders of this day by which you will see how successful our Arms have been to the Northward. I hope we shall not in the End fall short of them.
Capt. Treat mentions that there is no quantity of Musket Cartridges in the Garrison, you should therefore immediately procure loose powder from the Ships, if you have none in the Magazine, and set the Men to making up. I put great dependance upon you a⟨nd⟩ all your Officers exerting yourselves in the defence of a post of so much consequence. You must be sensible that Genl Howe can neither support his Army in Philada if he is cut off from a comm⟨u⟩nication with his ships, neither can he make good a Retreat should any accident befall him. I am Sir with Wishes for yo⟨ur⟩ Success Yr most obt Sevt.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Israel Putnam, 29 September 1777
From: Putnam, Israel
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Peeks kill [N.Y.] Septr 29th 1777

by letter from Genl Silliman received last night he long ago ordered one half of his Brigade to be drafted & to Join the army here—of

whom One Capt: & Twelve men only have Joined me—Genl Burgoine, by letter Just received from the Northward is determined to push for Albany & a Strong force is Collected at Newyork—by The Troops being drawn to the northward & to the Southward from this Post, makes one think of a Cask Tapt at both Ends which Soon becomes light & easily removed—the Militia of the Jersies are all with you, the Militia of Connecticut are excused upon paying five pounds and vast numbers of them gone Northward—however I hope for the Best—but much fear what the Consequences will be the loss of this Post will effect the Continent more then most people are Sensible off—& its a very great mistake to immagine its not in imminent danger—inclosed is a return of the two detachments ordered from here to Join you—was referred to & to have been inclosed in my letter of yesterday but by mistake was omitted which I now Send. with much esteem & respect your most Obedt humble Servant

Israel Putnam


Title: General Orders, 30 September 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, at Skippack [Pa.] Septemr 30th 1777.
Lynn.Malden. Medford.

One Surgeon’s mate from each division, who can best be spared, is to go to Bethlaem forthwith, to bring down the medicine chests of their respective divisions.
One hundred and fifty ax-men, from Genl Sullivan’s, Greene’s, Lord Stirling’s and Stephen’s divisions, and Genl Nash’s brigade, are to be selected this day, and a like proportion from the other brigades—These men are always to carry their axes with them—to march with the picquets when the army moves—to prepare timber for, and repair the roads; when arrived at the next encampment, they are to cut firewood for their respective brigades—The Brigade Qr Masters are constantly to go with these men, and direct them in the business above mentioned—For these services the ax-men are to be excused from all guards, and other ordinary duty; but when an action is expected, they are to deliver the axes to their brigade Qr Masters (who are to be accountable for the axes of their brigades) and join their several corps—When on duty as ax-men, they are always to carry their arms with them—A list of their names is without delay, to be given to the Brigade Quarter Masters, by the respective brigade majors.


Title: From George Washington to William Aylett, 30 September 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Aylett, William

Sir
Head Qrs [Skippack, Pa.] Septr 30th 1777.

I was favoured with your Letter of the 12th Instt a few days ago, advising me of the Appointments you had made in the Line of your Department, of which I shall take proper notice.
In respect to your inquiry, most of the public Stores were removed from Elk, Except the Grain. This in general fell into the Enemy’s hands & was either used or destroyed by them. When they arrived, there were several Vessels in the Harbour—which were certainly taken, as they could not fall down below them; But whose property they were, or whether any of them were those in which you were interested are Facts, I can not ascertain. I have been told that they burnt some—such, I suppose, as they had no use for. I am Sir Yr Most Obedt Servant

Go: W.


Title: From George Washington to Captain Jeremiah Hill, 30 September 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Hill, Jeremiah

Sir
Head Qrs [Skippack, Pa.] Septr 30th 1777.

Your Letter of the 6th Instant I received some days ago. As the Congress were pleased to vest the Legislature, or Council of the Massachusets State with the power of appointing Officers to the Several Regiments raised by them, I would not willingly interfere with their Arrangements. I cannot tell the motives which might induce them to promote Capn Cogswell. I shall be sorry if any Officer of merit has been aggrieved, and as you conceive, that you have, and request a discharge, I shall not insist on your remaining longer in service if it is your wish to leave it, giving your Commission to Genl Heath. I am Sir Yr Most Obedt servant

Go: W.


Title: To George Washington from Joseph Jones, 30 September 1777
From: Jones, Joseph
To: Washington, George

Dr Sr
York [Pa.] 30th Sept. 1777.

I have your Phaeton here though I was obliged to send for it after I left Philadelphia being put to the rout the night I recd your Letter. The bolt that fastens the pole & part of the long reins were lost, some brass nails also gone, and the lining much dirted and in some places torn, I will get these little matters repaired and have the carriage and Harness kept clean and in as good order as I can, which is the least I can do for the use, though I wod much rather buy it if you are not determined agt selling, and submit the price to yourself or our Friend Col. Harrison, who may view it and pay the Cash Upon demand to your Order—The Harness I observe is not matched, though the difference is not very striking—wh[ethe]r this happened at Philadelphia since you left it there, or before You can judge. We have met upon the road many Companies of Virga Militia, and more are coming, though I am informed numbers are gone back, in consequence of your Letter respecting those unarmed. I observe they are in general bare of cloathing, wch if possible shod be furnished them, and their stay at Camp made as comfertable as circumstances will admit, that when they return Home they may not go disgusted, spreading evil reports, greatly to the prejudice of the recruiting service and the cause in general. These Men come far to support the Rights and property of an invaded State, that make little or no exertions in its own defence, but on the contrary afford every succour and support to the Enemey; and rather than they shod want necessaries or any other part of the Army at this and the approaching inclemant Season, I wod not scruple to take all such necessaries from the disaffected where ever found. Our Friends are striped by our Enemies where ever they go, and our Foes freely furnish them what they want—what the last have left usefull to the Army I wod take, and where the first are so exposed to the Enemey as that what necessaries they have must unavoidably fall into their hands, I wod demand a surrender of them, paying the value or ⟨giv⟩ing Certificates, assigning the reason of such proceeding. The Enemy subsist their Army at our Expence, drawing supplies from around them as they pass, I wod subsist our Army from around it as far as possible, and in the rout of the Enemey. these are my private Sentiments which I communicate without

reserve, to be regarded or disregarded by you as you shall judge best. I own to you this Conduct wod often hurt my feelings, as I am satisfied in many instances it must yours but where I was satisfied the public good wod result from the measure, I shod endeavour to stifle those emotions of Humanity and Tenderness for individual distress, which in different circumstances wod claim my attention and benevolence—In times like the present and in situations like ours, Rigour to internal Foes is absolutely necessary, and I think has been too long delayed. To Friends I wod afford every possible support and protection, to Tories and equivocal Characters I wod yeild the measure meeted by the Enemey to our Friends. I think this is the general Sentiment of our Body, and of almost every Whig I converse with—how far you can prevail on yourself to carry them into execution your own feelings must determine—The right of retaliation cannot be disputed, and it is equally just and wise to benefit ourselves of those necessaries wch it is probable shod we neglect to do so, may advantage the Enemey—in pursuing this line individuals may suffer hardship, but it is a sacrifice our friends shod willingly make to the general good. pray excuse these loose thoughts, I offer them with freedom. You are equally free to disregard them. Success and happiness attend you. Yr aff. Sevt

Jos: Jones.

Gibsons Battalion came in today they are but thin.


Title: To George Washington from William Livingston, 30 September 1777 [letter not found]
From: Livingston, William
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from William Livingston, 30 Sept. 1777. GW wrote Livingston on 1 Oct.: “I was just now honoured with your Favor of the 30th Ulto with It’s Inclosures.”


Title: To George Washington from Charles Stewart, 30 September 1777
From: Stewart, Charles
To: Washington, George

sir
Trenton [N.J.] Sept. 30. 1777

The defenceless Situation of this place and the great quantity of public Stores in the different Departments sent here from Philada induced Me on my coming here the 28 Instt to apply to Gov. Livingston for some Militia—About forty continental Troops discharged by the Doctors from the Hospitals entered under Capt. Rice of the Artillery who at Mr Mease Colo. Mifflin & my request Consented to tarry a day or two, to give time for the Waggons to come & carry of the stores, Many days will Elapse before this can be fully effected but those of most Value will be first sent off the Militia are not yet come in—The Clothier Genl has Sent off sixty Waggons Load I believe near his all, The Qr Mr Gl And Col. Flour has also sent of part, next to those I could wish to have away the spirits Salt, Salted provisions & Rice. I beg your Excellency would please to Order One Hundred Waggons for this purpose from Camp, as the loss of those stores cannot be remedied nor replaced at any present expence I am very Anxious to have them away, & am most resp.


Title: General Orders, 1 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, at Skippack [Pa.] October 1st 1777.
Winchester.Warwick. Windsor.

The Commander in Chief approves the following sentences of a General Court Martial, held the 28th of Sept: 1777, whereof Col. James Wood was president.
Lieut. Robert Cragg of Col. Hazens regt charged with “Repeated disobedience of orders”—Acquitted.
Adjutant Kincaid, acting Brigade Major to General Scott—charged with “Not bringing his picquet on the grand parade in proper time”—Acquitted.
Whenever a field officer is named for any duty, and he is sick or absent, the Brigade Major of the brigade to which such officer belongs is to warn another in his stead, and report his name to the Adjutant General.

When Aids-de-Camp go from camp with their Major Generals—a Brigade Major of the division is to be notified thereof and directed to attend at Head Quarters for orders at orderly time.
The Brigade Qr Masters are to apply to the Quarter Master General for their quota of axes for the purposes mentioned in yesterday’s orders—No more fences to be burnt in future, on any pretence whatever; if unavoidable necessity compels us to it, license must first be obtained from the Commander in Chief.
After Orders. The whole army are to strike their tents to morrow morning at 8 o’clock, and get ready to march—At nine the march is to begin, Genl Sullivan’s division leading, followed by Lincoln’s, McDougall’s—Greene’s—these form the first line; then the park of artillery—then the second line in this order—Stirling’s division—Nash’s—Stephen’s: Genl Sullivan’s division to beat a march as a signal for marching, the beat to be continued by the others successively—The whole are to encamp on the new ground in the same order—General Armstrong is at the same time to move by the shortest route to the right of the first line, on the ground the Q. Mr General will point out—The waggons to go in the rear of the army, in the order of the brigades to which they belong; All the tent waggons first.
The regimental Quarter Masters are to see that vaults be dug immediately upon the army’s arrival on its new ground; and any soldier caught easing himself elsewhere is instantly to be made prisoner and punished by order of a regimental court Martial—The Brigade Quarter Masters are without fail to see all offal buried every morning, and are to apply to their brigades for men for that purpose—Regimental or Brigade Quarter Masters failing in the duties here required of them, are forthwith to be arrested.
Some person from each distinct body or brigade of militia is to attend daily at Head Quarters for orders at noon.
Each Brigade Quarter Master is to make an immediate return of the number of baggage waggons in his brigade, to the Qr Mr General.
An officer from each brigade is to remain ’till the troops have marched off, then to make search for and bring on all stragglers.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Philemon Dickinson, 1 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Dickinson, Philemon

Dear Sir
Head Quarters [Skippack, Pa.] 1st October 1777

The vast quantity of Stores of different kinds that are accumulated at Trenton will make it a work of some time to remove them, and if they are left intirely uncovered it may tempt the Enemy to send up a light party to destory them. I shall therefore be glad if you will endeavour to throw in a Body of your Militia to mount a guard over the Stores till they are removed.
I must leave the Number to you as I do not know what disposition you have made of your force. I would only hint that the importance of the Stores is such that I could wish it may be as respectable as possible. I am &c.


Title: From George Washington to Elizabeth Graeme Fergusson, 1 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Fergusson, Elizabeth Graeme

Madam
Head Quarters [Skippack, Pa.] 1st October 1777

I wish I could with propriety grant the Request contained in yours of the 29th Sepr: A permission for Mr Ferguson to come out and remain at Græme park thirty days implies his intent to return at the expiration of that time into the quarters of the Enemy. I confess it appears to me very odd that a Gentlemen who has been so long absent from his family should wish to remain so short a time with them. Whatever might be my private inclination to indulge you, my duty obliges me on this occasion to refuse a compliance with your Wishes on the terms proposed. I am &c.

Go: W——n


Title: From George Washington to William Livingston, 1 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, William

Dr Sir
Head Qrs [Skippack, Pa.] Octo. 1st 1777.

I was just now honoured with your Favor of the 30th Ulto with It’s Inclosures. I am extremely concerned, that the situation of Affairs in Jersey is such, as to preclude me from any hope of a further Reinforcement from thence. The Account transmitted by Genl Dickinson, if true, is very interesting; But I trust even the smallest number of Troops said to have arrived, is exaggerated, as none of the public prints, till a late paper or two from New York, have made mention of any such force. The Report, however, added to the contiguity of Staten Island to

the Main, which affords an easy passage across for incursions on the part of the Enemy holds forth but too just Grounds of apprehension in the Eastern Militia and for their being employed where they are. If All were united, All would be well But in this Quarter, Toryism and disaffection too generally mark the conduct of the people. I will not enlarge. Our Affairs at present have an unfavourable appearance but I hope they will change for the better. I have the Honor to be with great regard & esteem Yr Most Obedt sert

G.W.

P.S: It should be remembered always, that if we can destroy the Enemy’s Grand Army, the Branches of it fall of course.

G.W.

The situation of our public Stores, particularly those of the Ordnance kind at Trenton gives me great uneasiness—I have directed every exertion to be employed for their Removal—I must entreat that any assistance you can give in Waggons &c. may be afforded—Also that a body of Militia, under a Spirited Officer, if it is possible, may be ordered there as a Guard till they can be removed—I have spoken to Colo. scudder upon the subject, to whom I take the liberty of referring you. Yrs.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Jonathan Mifflin, Jr., 1 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Mifflin, Jonathan Jr.

Sir,
Head Quarters [Skippack, Pa.] October 1st 1777

I am exceedingly anxious for the removal of our stores from Trentown. It is in the present situation of things a very insecure place, particularly since the capture of the Delaware frigate, which will facilitate any entreprise the enemy may form for their destruction. The loss of them would be irreparable, and it is consequently of the last importance

you should exert your utmost activity to remove them with all possible expedition. But there are some things for the safety of which, your first attention ought to be employed: Such are military stores and articles of Cloathing and whatever else we are in immediate want of, and can with difficulty, procure. These you will by all means get away in the first place. Provisions and such things as the country readily affords may with more propriety be risked to the last. But not a moment should be lost, nor any Industry spared to get the whole off, as speedily as the nature of things will permit.
In order to expedite the business of removing the stores out of more immediate danger I should wish you to make some shorter intermediate stage between Bethlehem or Eastown & Trentown, where you could deposit them for the present, and afterwards convey them to the places designed.
The urgent necessity that the stores should be immediately secured forbids our being overscrupulous in providing the means of doing it. If the civil power will not aid you with energy in getting waggons, you must not want them on that account, but must make a good use of the means you have, and get them at all events. Punctilios, in this emergency, must not hinder our doing whatever is essential to the good of the service.
Let me know what progress you have already made, and what prospects you have for the future. Advise me dayly if you can, how you go on. I am Sir Your most obed. serv.

P.S: I have written to General Dickinson to endeavour to send some Troops in addition to those now at Trentown to cover the stores. It will be happy, if he can do it; but it should by no means relax your efforts for their removal.


Title: To George Washington from Richard Peters, 1 October 1777
From: Peters, Richard
To: Washington, George

Sir
York Town [Pa.] Octr 1st 1777

I had the Honour of your Excellency’s Letter of the 28th Ultimo which I recd but this Day. I have attended to the Business you were pleased to recommend as far as Circumstances will admitt & shall use every Exertion in my Power convinced as I am of the Necessity of adding every possible Strength to the Army at this important Juncture. I have given Directions for the Route of the Troops agreeable to your request & have supperadded what I thought would conduce to accelerate their March. I have desired the Officers commanding Detachments to send their heavy Baggage to the Trap & take every possible Means to lighten the Troops & force their March as far as is consistent with the Health & Spirits of the Men. They are desired to impress Waggons to carry on the lame & fatigued as they go along. I wish I could give you better Accounts of the Virginia Militia than that great Numbers of them are but illy provided with Arms & Necessaries—The Men seem to be good & I make no Doubt will use such Materials as they have to their own Honour & the Advantage of the Cause. I could wish indeed they had the Arms which are in the Hands of other Militia who have not behaved with that Spirit & Firmness which the Salvation of their own Country demanded. I would mention to your Excellency that I think it best to station an Officer at the Ford above the Mouth of French Creek to direct the further Progress of the Troops. If such an one can be had at Lancaster he will be sent but lest a Proper Person cannot be found there would it not be better for your Excellency to send one? The Militia gone thro’ this Town & which are by Detachment on their Way are those of Fairfax Prince William, Loudon, Berkley Culpepper & Faquier amtg to about

            1200

            (Continental) Part of Gibson Regt abt
            400
            well provided.

            1600

Those of Frederick & Dunmore Counties are coming on & it is said in larger Proportions than the Rest. We are also informed that recruiting goes on well in Virginia & that a considerable Number of continental Troops (Recruits) are on their Way. One hundred & ten arrived this Day but naked & unarmed & how they & the rest are to be armed & equipped is yet a Mystery. Could not the Arms be taken from the sick & given to those who are well—Chester County would afford a great Supply of Blanketts if they were taken from the dissaffected; & it is to be wished Mr Mease would appoint some Place for delivering out Cloathing. Shoes are engrossed all over the Country & can be obtained upon no Terms but such as are extravagant except they are siezed & paid for at a reasonable Price. I enclose a Letter from Major Nicholas who was sent for the Arms at Springfield & Brookfield & altho it

appeared from the Returns now in the Office that there were at least 6,000, your Excellency will see how difficult it has been to obtain the Number mentioned in the Letter. How this can happen is difficult to determine. The Board request you will be pleased to send off Orders to Major Nicholas what he shall do with the Arms & any Stores he may bring. It is rather Mal apropos to bring Stores into this State at this Time. General Heath should be ordered to send all the Arms he keeps for the Regts to be raised & let them be delivered to those which are raised. The Arms kept in Connecticut in Case of an Invasion should be ordered where there is actually an Invasion as I concieve. But no Doubt some Order will be taken in this Matter. Will your Excellency be pleased to direct what shall be done with the Recruits who cannot from all Appearances be armed & cloathed here? As the Board meet but irregularly owing to Matters not being in a proper Train here yet, I have suggested much of this Letter to your Excellency & if there be too much Haste & Egotism you will be pleased to excuse it & believe me to be with the greatest Respect your Excellency’s very obed. & most hble Servt

Richard Peters

P.S. By a Letter from Major Nicholas since writing the above it seems that Col. Cheevers is on his Way with 2,000 Stands of Arms beside those intended to be brought by the Major—As I have no Assistant my Deputy not being here it will prevent my Attention to the forwarding the Troops in the Manner I could wish as I am & shall be much engaged in the Arrangement of the Office for a few Days when I shall be ready to execute with the greatest Industry & readiness any Commands your Excellency may be pleased to honour me with—I shall forward the Troops as they arrive here to Lancaster & if I hear of any Difficulties there shall go thither to surmount them as far as I can.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 1 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

Dear Sir
Head Quarters [Skippack, Pa.] 1st October 1777

I have yours of the 27 and 28 Ulto and am glad to find that the reinforcement I ordered is in such forwardness. I make no doubt but some troops have arrived at New York from Europe but I am pretty certain they are not any thing like so numerous as your informant mentions. I know it has been their custom thro’ the whole Campaign to swell their reinforcements much beyond what they really were. If Genl Burgoine is defeated or hindered from making any further progress, as we may reasonably infer from the ⟨las⟩t accounts, the North River will be no object for the Enemy. I rather think if Genl Clinton moves at all, it will be thro’ Jersey to form a junction with General Howe.
I do not fully understand from part of your letter of the 27th whether the Cannon were brought from Springfield by order of Congress or your own, I can hardly think the latter because I do not know that they were wanted at peekskill. Upon enquiring of Genl Mcdougall he tells me that each Brigade had it’s full complement of Artillery, but recommended it to you to have two of the heaviest pieces mounted upon travelling Carriages and kept to annoy any Vessels that may attempt to lay in the River near you; the remainder to be sent up to Fishkills, to which place I would wish you to remove your supernumerary Arms and Stores of all kinds.
That matters may go regularly on in every department, I could wish you would inform me before you order any quantity of Artillery, Arms or Ordnance Stores from Springfeild, you may always depend upon being supplied with what is necessary and I shall then always know exactly what are our ⟨R⟩esources.

If Genl Mcdougal should be mistaken in his opinion that all the Continental Brigades have their complement of Artillery, you will in that Case have them compleated before you send the Cannon to Fishkills. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt

Go: Washington

P.S. You must urge Govr Trumbull in the most pressing Manner to send in Militia to replace the Continental Troops that are drawn from you, I have wrote to him on the subject but I beg you will also back the request.

Yours of the 13th is just come to hand. the Gentleman to whom it was intrusted was detained by the Enemy’s getting between him and us.


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Smith, 1 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Smith, Samuel

Sir
Head Quarters [Skippack, Pa.] 1st October 1777

I am favd with yours of the 27th ulto by Major Mullen and am sorry to hear that you found Matters so much out of order at Fort Mifflin. Much must depend upon your activity and that of the other Officers in Garrison. Two Waggon loads of Ammunition were sent off from Trenton the moment Major Mullens arrived there and I have directed Mr Mease the Cloathier Genl to forward the necessaries wanted for your detatchment. The Capture of the Delaware Frigate is a most unlucky circumstance, and what from every account seems to be the effect of treachery and not of the chance of War. Should you have occasion for ammunition in future, the inclosed order from Genl Knox will cause the delivery without applying to me. the Ammunition will be removed some distance above Trenton.


Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 1 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.

Sir
Head Quarters [Skippack, Pa.] October 1st 1777

I was yesterday honored with yours of the 24th ulto with its enclosures.
The prosperous complexion of our Northern affairs is a very pleasing

and important circumstance—It is much to be wished they may continue in the same train and have as favorable an issue, as they seem now to promise—If they have, besides the more immediate advantages that will accrue from disappointing the views of the Enemy in that Quarter, it will necessarily have a happy influence upon our affairs here.
With respect to the promotion of Lieut. Colo. Meigs, as I know not how he stood in the time [line], I am unable to judge of its propriety. In consequence of powers given me by Congress, to prevent the confusion which arose in the Army, for want of some common establishment of promotion, I sometime since appointed a board of General Officers to take the matter into consideration, and agreeable to their opinion, fixed it as a general Rule, that all Officers below the rank of Major, should rise Regimentally ’till they attained that rank, and that all of that degree and above it should succeed to vacancies according to seniority in the line of the State to which they belong—If Colo. Meigs was the oldest Lieut. Colonel in the Line, his late appointment was regular and unexceptionable—if not, his Seniors will have a right to complain.
You will have heard before this gets to hand, that the Enemy have at length gained possession of Philadelphia—Many unavoidable difficulties and unfortunate accidents, that we had to incounter concurred to promote their success. This is an event, that we have reason to wish had not happened, and will be attended with several ill consequences. But I hope it will not be so detrimental as many apprehend, and that a little time and perseverance will give us an opportunity of making amends for our late ill fortune, and putting our affairs in a more flourishing condition than at present. Our Army has now had the rest and refreshment it stood in need of—and our men are in very good spirits. With great Regard and Esteem I have the Honor to be Dear Sir Your most obedient Servant

Go: Washington

P.S. The state of things here has obliged me to draw a further reinforcement from Peeks kill, in addition to that which came under General McDougall. This will render that Post weaker than is consistent with its security: And I must therefore intreat you will be kind enough to afford General Putnam every aid from the Militia of your State that you possibly can. You are sensible of the importance of taking care of that Post, and I am persuaded you will do every thing in your power to contribute towards it.


Title: To George Washington from Richard Peters, 2 October 1777
From: Peters, Richard
To: Washington, George

Sir
War Office York Town [Pa.] Octr 2d 1777

One hundred & eighteen Recruits belonging to the 2d & 4th Virginia & 2d Maryland Regiments were sent off to Day. The Returns I have the Honour to enclose to you. Shoes have been furnished them but they want everything else—As I did not know where the Clothier or Commissary General’s Stores were deposited they are ordered to Reading on a Presumption that the Articles they want have been sent thither. They were so very destitute that it was thought best not to send them to the Army immediately lest they should be more an Incumbrance than otherwise. They are under the Command of a Capt. Calmis of Col: Spotswood’s Regt who is ordered to send to your Excellency to know where they can be equipped. When the Clotheir or Commissary Genl become stationary it would be well for them to

inform the Board, or perhaps your Excellency will be pleased to appoint some Place for all recruits passing thro’ York or Lancaster to be sent. I have the Honour to be your very obedient Servt

Richard Peters Secy


Title: To George Washington from Major General Israel Putnam, 2 October 1777
From: Putnam, Israel
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Head Quarters Peeks kill [N.Y.] 2d October 1777

Yours of the 28th Ulto and a Copy of One the 23d I was Duly Honourd with; Genl Varnum with his Brigade Crossed Kings Ferry the Day before yesterday, and the same Evening Genl Parsons arrived from the White Plains.
Last night Major Hughs (son to Colonel Hughes D.Q.M. Genl to this Department) arrived here with an express from General Gates, by which I learnt that the Army Under his Command was likely to be in the most Deplorable situation for the Want of flour, as he had but twenty Barrells with him, & only One Hundred at Albany, he also adds, that his [he has] twenty Thousand head Daily to feed, if so, I am fearfull they will suffer greatly before my supply can possible be conveyd em, I have had for some time past a Number of hands Cooking hard Bread at Fish kill, which I have Orderd with the Utmost Dispatch to be sent up, & in order to be sure of a more speedy Transportation, I thought proper to Order as many small Craft has Possible, Properly Man’d with Oars, so that if the Wind should be unfavourable they may make Tolerable Dispatch with Rowing, There is a further Advantage in sending their small Crafts, as they can with great ease, take them up to the half Moon, which is but about Sixteen Miles from Genl Gates’s Army.
There appears to be (in all parts) the Utmost Confusion with the Commissary’s Departments, had I not exerted myself in Procuring Cattle from Connecticut, we must have Used all the Salt Provisins at this Post, which I think aught to be preserved as Much has Possible, I hope to god that some better Regulation will soon take Place & Proper Commissarys of Purchases sent to the Eastward or Our Troop in General will suffer greatly.
I must still repeat & inform you, that from the best and Clearest

Intelligence I am able to get, the Enemys Strength in & abt N: York Amounts to at least Nine Thousand, they are Without Doubt prepairing for some Important Attact, from the last accounts I am Inform’d that they Officers from Kings Bridge [h]as move’d the greatest Part of there Baggage to N. York. I have made such applications for the Connecticut Militia as I hope in a little time Will afford me some small assistance, but at Present this Post is very Weak, they Militia from this State Will not turn out. Since General Parsons Brigade Left the White Plains the Enemys Lt Horse has made an Excursion up to the Saw Pitts and drove off a Number of Cattle, Another Party of the Enemy Crossed into the Jerseys, but upon Genl Varnum approaching that Way they thought proper to take theire Departure.
The various Accounts I receive from the Southward respecting the Situation of your Army & the Progress of the Enemy makes me very Anxious to hear the particulars from you, which will be Thankfully Acknowledged by Dr General Your Much Esteem’d & Most Obt Hble Servt

Israel Putnam


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Smith, 2 October 1777
From: Smith, Samuel
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fort Mifflin [Pa.] 2nd October 1777

Colo. Nichola with the advice of the Officers in Garrison withdrew his Invalids before the Arrival of your Excellency’s Letter so that the Command remains with me. The Enemy yesterday landed a number of men (below Billingsport and encampt last night within nine miles) some say 400. others 600. my Opinion is the first as we had intelligence of that number having march’d from Willmington for that purpose. There is now about 250 militia in that Garrison, It was the Opinion of the Officers Yesterday not to give up that post till the last extremity, to remove the heavy Ammunition and if oblig’d to leave the fort (which from the disposition I believe will be [the] case) to spike up the Cannon and retreat by Water which is safe & easy. Our Reason for not dismantling Billingsport was the great discontent in the State fleet who

already are much scar’d & from whom the greatest desertions of Captains, Lieuts. & men has been. So general a discontent and panic runs through that part of the fleet that neither Officer nor men can be confided in, they conceive the River is lost if the enemy gets possession of Billingsport nothing can convince them of the contrary & I am persuaded as soon as that fort is taken that almost all the fleet will desert, indeed from their disposition I am induc’d to believe they will openly avow themselves and desert Officers with their Crew (which has been the case with two) perhaps with their Gallies. The Officers and Mens Wives have been permited to remain in the City who have sent down to the fleet, to whom they have given prodigious Accounts of the enemies force & sweet pretty promisses aded to them, have I am of Opinion caus’d this very general desertion disaffection and panic, We permit none to land on this Island, from this description your Excellency will find there is little dependence to be put in the fleet, and with 400 Men the enemy will take the River without endangering One of their Ships, for after they have weighed the obstructions at Billingsport which will be soon done, they will then fortify Red Bank and drive all the Shiping from between us and it. their Guns will rake & of course brake our pickets & lay us Open to being attack’d on every side, unless the fleet (which I scarce expect) will assist us. We have now in Garrison 3 Weeks provision and this day expect to get more, I believe the fleet is not so well supplied. I have secur’d the Battery from the Rake of their Shot from Red Bank, and am in hopes to save this Garrison (if our Ammunition arrives and I only can get so much assistance from the fleet as will hinder the frigate from comeing down on our backs) for two weeks. Your Excellency may depend on every thing being done that is in my power or the power of the Garrison. Perhaps it will be in your Excellencys power to spare 3 or 400 Continental Troops who with the Assistance of the Militia might hinder the enemy from takeing Red Bank, from which they will be able to damage the fleet & Annoy us much. This Garrison is in high Spirits. I have the Honor to be Your Excellencys Most Obed. Servt

Sam Smith


Title: From George Washington to Charles Stewart, 2 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Stewart, Charles

Sir
Head Quarters [Pa.] 2d October 1777

I have yours of the 30th Ulto. That I might give every assistance to the removal of the Stores from Trenton I ordered all the heavy Baggage of the Army to be unloaded and stored at Bethlehem and the Waggons sent down to Trenton. I imagine they had not arrived when you wrote, but I am informed there will be four hundred of them. As we have scarcely a sufficiency of Waggons to transport the light Baggage I cannot possibly spare any from the Camp. You must apply to the Deputy Qr Masr General for a proportion of those from Bethlehem to remove your Stores and he should besides these impress all that can be got in the Neighbourhood. I am Sir Yr most obt Servt

Go: Washington

P.S. I have desired Genl Dickinson to send down a Guard of Jersey Militia if he can possibly spare them.

If any of the Vessels that carried Stores up to Bristol are yet there they should be immediately removed as high up the River as possible.
Mr John Mease informed me that he had 300 Bushels of Salt at Trenton which you may have, you will therefore remove it.
If you cannot get Waggons to remove all your Stores, you should carry off those first that are most valuable and difficult to replace.


Title: To George Washington from John Augustine Washington, 2 October 1777 [letter not found]
From: Washington, John Augustine
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from John Augustine Washington, 2 Oct. 1777. GW wrote John Augustine Washington on 18 Oct. that “Your kind and Affectionate Letters of the 21st of Septr and 2d Instt came Safe to hand.”


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Woodford, 2 October 1777
From: Woodford, William
To: Washington, George

Dear Genl
Bethlahem [Pa.] 2d October 1777.

I recd your favour by Capt. Du plesis & have endeavour’d to execute the orders you gave. I had every Man paraded the Day before Yesterday that could be found in & about this place, & the number (includeing Boys that are Drums & Fifes) did not amount to 200. 15 of the best of those went to camp yesterday & 10 others this morning. this I did upon the expectation I had of supplying their places in a Day or two from the Hospital. an Officer is allso gone to Allen Town to take charge of about 50 who Doctr Brown informs me is fit to Join the Army from the Hospital at that place. I have never been able to get a Return of the Horse that are in different places in this Neighbourhood, but am told there is a number, wheather any, or how many are fit for Duty I cannot inform you. I should be glad of your Exellencys order respecting them.
Many complaints are Daily made by the Country people of Robberys and other dissorders committed by these Scum of the Army. I have taken every method to detect the delinquents & bring them to Justice, but they have heitherto proved inaffectual. I have offer’d a reward to any of the Militia that will apprehend them, & intend to have an example made of the first who is brought in. I have allso signify’d to the soldiers that the Country people would have orders to Fire upon any who are found about their Houses or Farms.
Many officers come here from Camp for necessarys for themselves & Friends, some of them make dispatch, but others are rather long in geting away, to those I have ventured to give it as your Excellency’s orders, that they should immediately Join their Corps. one Gentleman from Genl Waynes Brigade has Just apply’d for two Waggons to carry Baggage to Camp, as he brought no orders from authority, I have refused to let them go. A Surgeons Mate from Genl Greens Division has likewise apply’d for Six Waggons to carry down all the Medecine Chests of the Division. as he brought no other Authority but his own Word, I have directed him to carry down in one Waggon only such things as will be immediately wanted. I am sorry I have not had it in my power to forward any other news from our northern army. I am in Hourly expectation of something interesting from that quarter, & shall loose no time in sending it post to Head Quarters.
The Marquis is much better, & in high Spirits. My Hand is allso mended, but the lack ⟨of⟩ exorsize brings on the inflamation ⟨mutilated⟩ I shall be happy to be in a condition ⟨mutilated⟩ to my Brigade, which I shall certain⟨mutilated⟩ as soon as I can do my Duty. I have the Honour to be with much Respect & Affection Your Excellencys Most Obedt humble Servt

Wm Woodford


Title: General Orders, 3 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, at Wentz’s, Worcester Township [Pa.] Octr 3 1777.
Baltimore.Boston. Charlestown.

The Commander in Chief approves the following sentences of a General Court Martial, of which Col. James Wood was president—held the 30th of September 1777. viz.
John Barret a soldier in the 10th Virginia regiment—charged with desertion—sentenced to be reprimanded by the Colonel of the regiment he belongs to at the head of the regiment.
Peter Clutter charged with “Desertion” from Col. Spencer’s regiment—found guilty—sentenced to receive fifty lashes on his bare back.
Ensign Richard Rout of the 12th Virginia regiment charged with “quitting his division the 16th day of Septemr when an attack was expected to be made by the enemy”—The Court are of opinion the prisoner was excusable in leaving his division on the 16th of September on account of his being unwell.
Christian Avis of the 12th Pennsylvania regiment, charged with “Desertion”—found guilty, and sentenced to receive fifty lashes on his bare back.
Capt. Bartholomew Von Heer charged with “Disobedience of orders, in sending for the baggage of his company”; also charged with “Impressing two horses on the march, said to be for the use of the Artillery, and appropriating one of them to his own use, which he refused to give up, tho’ wanted for the purpose for which it was said to be impressed”—found guilty of disobedience of General Orders in sending for the baggage of his company, and not guilty of the other charge exhibited against him—The Court do sentence the prisoner, for the charge he is found guilty of to be reprimanded by the Brigadier General of the Artillery, in the presence of the officers attached to the park of artillery.
Major Peers charged with “Repeated neglect of duty, in not bringing his men for picquet, on the grand parade in proper time and order—with not attending the parade when Brigade Major of the day—and also with totally neglecting to bring his quota of men, ordered to parade the morning of the 30th of Septr at the park of artillery at sunrise

”—found guilty of the whole of the charges exhibited against him and sentenced to receive a severe reprimand from the Major General of the division to which his brigade belongs, in the presence of the officers of the division.
The Court martial of which Col. Wood was president is dissolved.
A General Court Martial is to sit this day at a tent near the park of artillery, for the trial of all prisoners which shall be brought before them—Col. Josiah Parker is appointed president of this court.
Lewis Fleury Esqr. is appointed Brigade Major to The Count Pulaski, Brigadier General of the Light Dragoons, and is to be respected as such.
Thomas Mullen’s Esqr. is to act as Brigade Major to Genl Conway ’till further orders, and to be respected as such.
The distribution of tin Cannisters is to be made as particularly directed this morning—and the officers commanding regiments are themselves to see that the cartridges are carefully stored in them.
The Engineers are to make dispatch, in throwing up works, in the front of the encampment.
The Commander in Chief has the satisfaction to inform the army, that at the southward, the Continental Frigate Randolph, lately fell in with a fleet of five sail of the enemy’s ships, and took four of them, one of them mounting 20 guns, and another 8—all richly laden—At the northward, every thing wears the most favourable aspect—every enterprise has been successful—and in a capital action, the left wing only of General Gates’s army maintained it’s ground, against the main body of the enemy; commanded by General Burgoyne in person; our troops behaving with the highest spirit and bravery, during the whole engagement; which lasted from one o’clock, ’till dark. In short, every circumstance promises success in that quarter, equal to our most sanguine wishes. This surely must animate every man, under the General’s immediate command—This army—the main American Army—will certainly not suffer itself to be out done by their northern Brethren—they will never endure such disgrace; but with an ambition becoming freemen, contending in the most righteous cause, rival the heroic spirit which swelled their bosoms, and which so nobly exerted, has procured them deathless renown. Covet! my Countrymen, and fellow soldiers! Covet! a share of the glory due to heroic deeds! Let it never be said, that in a day of action, you turned your backs on the foe—let the enemy no longer triumph—They brand you with ignominious epithets—Will you patiently endure that reproach? Will you suffer the wounds given to your Country to go unrevenged? Will you resign your parents—wives—children and friends to be the wretched vassals of a proud, insulting foe? And your own necks to the halter? General Howe

promised protection to such as submitted to his power; and a few dastard souls accepted the disgraceful boon—But his promises were deceitful—the submitting and resisting had their property alike plundered and destroyed: But even these empty promises have come to an end; the term of Mercy is expired—General Howe has, within a few days proclaimed, all who had not then submitted, to be beyond the reach of it; and has left us no choice but Conquest or Death—Nothing then remains, but nobly to contend for all that is dear to us—Every motive that can touch the human breast calls us to the most vigorous exertions—Our dearest rights—our dearest friends—our own lives—honor—glory, and even shame, urge us to the fight—And my fellow soldiers! when an opportunity presents, be firm, be brave, shew yourselves men, and victory is yours.
The Colonels or commanding officers are to see that every regiment be drawn up this afternoon, the rolls called, & these orders distinctly read to them.
Every officer who commands a troop or company, in the several regiments and corps in the continental army, must immediately make out his muster rolls to the first of October, that the whole army may be mustered with the utmost expedition—Such officers, as have heretofore neglected a due attention, to making a regular return of their muster rolls, will be answerable for any future neglect.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philemon Dickinson, 3 October 1777
From: Dickinson, Philemon
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Elizabeth Town [N.J.] 3d October 1777

I had order’d a Major with One hundred Men, as a Guard to the Stores at Trenton, before the receipt of your favor of the 1st Inst:—from the Number of Waggons that I am informed, are employ’d in the removal of those Stores, I imagine the quantity now remaining, cannot be very great.
Should your Excellency think the Guard insufficient, it shall be immediately increased—The following is the Disposition of my force; A Major with one hundred men stationed at Acquacanunck Bridge, from which the necessary Guards in that Quarter, are supplied—A Major with two hundred & thirty Men at Newark, who supplies the proper Guards in that Neighbourhood, about six hundred Men at this Post, & a colonel with one hundred & sixty men stationed at Woodbridge, our line is rather long for our Force, extending from Acquacanack Bridge, to Amboy.
A Colonel with about two hundred men, is stationed in Monmouth County, which your Excellency knows, lays below South Amboy—A

constant communication is kept up at the different Posts, on that side the river.
If your Excellency is of Opinion, that any new arrangement should take Place, be pleased to give Orders, & they shall instantly be complied with—Not knowing the Situation of the two Army’s over the Delaware, shall wait your Excellency’s Orders, respecting a further guard on the Delaware. I have the honor to be, Your Excellency’s, most Obt Sert

Philemon Dickinson

P.S. we secured three Men two Days ago, who tis supposed, came over as Spies.


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 3 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
Camp 20 Miles from Philadelphia October 3d 1777

Yesterday afternoon, I had the honour to receive your Favours of the 30th Ulto with their Inclosures. I was much obliged by the Accounts from the Northern Army, tho’ in general they had reached me before, and I flatter myself we shall soon hear, that they have been succeeded by other fortunate and interesting Events, as the Two Armies by General Gates’s Letter were encamped near each other.
I shall pay due attention to the Resolution you refer me to, and no exertions on my part shall be wanting, to collect what Necessaries I can for the Army. This I am persuaded will be equally attended to by the Honble Board of War, and I hope by care and industry, many supplies may be obtained to relieve our distresses, which in the Articles of Shoes—Stockings and Blankets are extremely great.
Since my Letter of the 29th, no favourable change has taken place in our affairs—On the contrary, we have sustained an additional loss in the capture of the Delaware. She fell into the Enemy’s hands in a day or two after they were in possession of the City, and in a manner not yet well understood. Some have supposed the Crew mutinied, while another report is, that she was disabled in her Rudder by a shot and drove on shore. This misfortune takes off the success of Captain Biddles cruize. I will not dwell longer on the subject. Congress may rest assured all the means in my power shall be employed to put our affairs in a more agreable train and to accomplish the end they so earnestly wish. I have the Honor to be with great respect sir, Your most Obt Sert

Go: Washington

P.S. Inclosed is a Copy of Genl Howe’s Proclamation issued the 28th Ulto.


Title: To George Washington from General William Howe, 3 October 1777
From: Howe, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
Head Quarters [Germantown, Pa.] 3d Octr 1777.

Your Parties having destroyed several Mills in the adjacent Country, which can only distress the peaceable Inhabitants residing in their Houses, I am constrained from a Regard to their Sufferings, and a sense of the Duty I owe to the Public, to forewarn you of the Calamities which may ensue, and to express my abhorrence of such a Proceeding: At the same Time I am inclined to believe, that the Outrages already committed have not been in consequence of your Orders, and that this early Notice will engage you to put an effectual Stop to them; If not, I do in the most direct Terms disclaim any share in creating the general Scene of Distress among the Inhabitants which such Destruction must inevitably cause. With due Respect I am Sir Your most Obedient humble Servant

W. Howe


Title: To George Washington from Jonathan Mifflin, Jr., 3 October 1777
From: Mifflin, Jonathan Jr.
To: Washington, George

Sir
Trenton [N.J.] 3rd Octor 1777

I am happy to inform you that the Removal of the Stores is now in a very good Train—There are remaining about 80 Loads of Arms unfit for Service, belonging to the States, 20 Loads the Property of the State of Pennsylvania, 30 Loads fixed Amunition, 80 Loads of Rum, Rice & Salted Provision; the Commy has besides 3000 Barrells Herrings Flour & Indian Meal—The Stores in the Qr Mr Genl Department are removed except some Tent Poles, Hand & wheel Barrows, the Artificiers Tools & other lumbering Articles will amount to 150 Loads—The Cloathier Genl has sent all his Stores to Lancaster—On my Arrival at this Place I was greatly distressed for Want of Men to impress Teams there being no Troops here either Continental or Militia to procure

that Assistance from the Country which the relaxed State of the Civil Authority especially in Pennsylvania could not afford I was therefore obliged to detain Col. Flowers Artificers & a Company of Masons whom I have employed in impressing Teams, & loading them.
This Day Major Vancleve with 100 of the Jersey Militia came here by Order of Govr Livingston—The Waggons from Easton are now Returning & with those coming in from the Country I expect to have every thing removed by Sunday Night.
The Naval Comittee at Borden town have taken Charge of the Stores belonging to the Marine Department.
Capt. Charles Biddle with 3 small armed Vessells lies off Borden Town the Frigates commanded by Caps. Barry & Reed are at White Hill 2 Miles lower down the River at which Place I am informed they propose mounting some Cannon—A heavy firing has been heard this Morning supposed to be at Fort Mifflin. I am Your Excellencys most obdt hbl. Servt

J. Mifflin ⟨Jr.⟩ D. Q. M. G.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Smith, 3 October 1777
From: Smith, Samuel
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fort Mifflin [Pa.] Octr 3rd 1777.

I sent yesterday an express to your Excellency with an account of the enemies having landed near Billingsport, which place they have now possession of, Our Militia evacuated it after bringing off all the stores

and Spikeing up the Cannon. This event as I foresaw struck the fleet with much Panic, last night five Officers and 18 Men Deserted and a great part of the rest only wait for Oppertunity. The Enemy have not as yet taken possession of Red Bank.
This morning the Officers of the Navy met and came to this resolution, to assist in keeping this Fort as long as possible, and when we are oblig’d to leave it either through want of provision or otherwise then to force our way by the City with the fleet and land the Garrison at the first convenient place. Should your Excellency have sent any Continental Troops to hinder them from geting Red Bank, then we may still keep the River, but if they do not arrive in time the enemy will have this pass. All we can do will be to prolong the time which will I suppose be about One Week, for I fear unless (after they get Red Bank) we do not attempt soon to make our Retreat, we shall not have men to work the Ships. I have the Honor to be Your Excellencys Most Obt Servt

Sam Smith


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Smith, 3 October 1777
From: Smith, Samuel
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fort Mifflin [Pa.] October 3rd 1777.

This will be delivered you by Majr Boyce who has reconnoitered the enemy now in Billingsport and reports their strength to be 1500 men at least 1300 of whom went from Phila. he will inform you of particulars. This evening the enemy have been reconnoitering us from the Meadows, what they intend I know not. Certainly their force scatterd in this manner must weaken them much. Their Shiping have not yet come as far as the Chevue de freize. they are busy throwing up works at Billingsport to annoy our fleet shou’d they attempt to fire on the Ships. The Panic still increases in the fleet, every instant new fears are started and false stories told of the enemies erecting Batteries on this that or the other spot. I have the Honor to be Your Excellencys Most Obediant Servt

Sam Smith


Title: General Orders, 4 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters——October 4th 1777.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philemon Dickinson, 4 October 1777
From: Dickinson, Philemon
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Elizabeth Town [N.J.] 4th October 1777

By intelligence just received, which I am of opinion may be depended on, there is some great & uncommon movement of the Enemy; what their real intentions are, cannot determine—the prevailing opinion is, that they intend to push thro’ this State, perhaps it may be to assist Burgoyne, a few days will determine the matter; when your Excellency shall be further informed.
I have given orders for a strong reinforcement but am apprehensive they will arrive too late, should they pursue this rout—I have sent an Express to Genl Putman, informing him of the intelligence received.
Last night I sent over a Party to bring off the Enemys Guard opposite this Post, the oars were muffled, & they landed undiscovered; and had not the visiting rounds, unluckily just passed by, our Party would have brought off the whole Guard, they were found on the Parade, and after exchanging a few Shot, our Party agreeable to Orders given, rush’d in with fixed Bayonets, upon which they fled with the utmost precipitation—we made only one Prisoner, but secured all their Baggage, & one good Musket, which I divided among the Party, the Blankets were all new, and very acceptable to our People.
I have proper Persons employ’d who have given good intelligence heretofore, one of them returnd last evening from the Island, who informs me that two of the Inhabitants of Woodbridge are now in your Excellency’s Camp as Spies, and will go from thence to Genl How—The Person who gives this information has a pass to Lord Cornwallis & will be with your Excellency in a few days, and on his return from Philada will wait upon your Excellency, and give you all the information in his Power. I have the Honor to be Your Excellency’s most Obdt Servt

Philemon Dickinson


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 4 October 1777
From: Wayne, Anthony
To: Washington, George

Camp near last Head Quarters 4th Octr 1777 8. OClock P.M.
Dear Genl

After we left the field of Battle the Troops, who took the Upper Rout were formed at White Ma[r]sh Church under Genl Stephens—it was thought Advisable to Remain there for some time in Order to Collect the Straglers from the Army.
the Enemy made their appearance with a party of Light Horse and

from 1500 to 2000 Infantry with two field pieces—the Troop[s] upon this were Orderd off—I took the Liberty to call on Col. Bland to Cover the Rear with the Horse aided by some of the Infantry—but finding the Enemy Determind to push us hard—I Obtained a field piece from Genl Stephens—and taking the Advantage of a hill that over looked the Road we marched on—they met with Such a Reception as Induced them to Retire back over the Bridge which they had passed.
the time we gained by this Stand favoured the Retreat of a Considerable Number of our men three or four Hundred of which are now Encamped here and I hope will facilitate the Retreat of Almost all those that were Scattered—so that you are now in my Huml. Opinion in as good if not a better Situation than you were before this Action your men are Convinced that the Enemy may be drove—and A[l]tho’ we fell back yet our people have gained Confidence—and have Raised some Doubts in the Minds of the Enemy which will facilitate their total Defeat the Next Tryal which I wish to see brought to Issue the soonest Possible. Interim I am your Excellencies Most Obt Huml. Sert

Anty Wayne

I shall join you tomorrow Morning.


Title: General Orders, 5 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, Perkiomy [Pa.] October 5th 1777.
Ludlow.Manchester. Newport.

The officers commanding regiments are to make returns of the cartridges wanted for their men, to complete them to forty rounds each,

and draw the materials for making them at the park of artillery, early to morrow morning—one attentive officer from each regiment is to be present, to superintend the making of the cartridges for the regiment, and see that they are well made up, and the materials not wasted—The arms are to be cleaned and put in good order immediately—such as are charged and cannot be drawn, are to be discharged at noon, to morrow, under the direction of their officers—Each regiment is to draw 12 cartridges a man, ready made, at the park of artillery, besides the above materials.
All the detachments of horse, are to be collected as soon as possible to one place, as near as may be to the army, except the two parties under Captains Lee and Craig.
Returns as exact as possible are to be made of the killed, wounded, and missing in the action of yesterday, and delivered to the Commander in Chief at 4, o’clock to morrow afternoon—The Brigade Majors will be punctual in this matter, and where there are no Brigade Majors, the Brigadiers or officers commanding brigades are without delay to appoint persons to do their duty—One set of columns are to shew the killed, of the different ranks, a second the wounded, and a third set of columns the missing.
The Commander in Chief returns his thanks, to the Generals and other officers and men concerned in yesterday’s attack, on the enemy’s left wing, for the spirit and bravery they manifested in driving the enemy from field to field—And altho’ an unfortunate fog, joined with the smoke, prevented the different brigades seeing and supporting each other, or sometimes even distinguishing their fire from the enemy’s—and from some other causes, which as yet cannot be well accounted for, they finally retreated—they nevertheless see that the enemy are not proof against a vigorous attack, and may be put to flight when boldly pushed—This they will remember, and assure themselves that on the next occasion, by a proper exertion of the powers which God has given them, and inspired by the cause of freedom in which they are engaged, they will be victorious—The Commander in Chief not seeing the engagement with the enemy’s right wing, desires the General officers who commanded there, to thank those officers and men who behaved with becoming bravery; and such in either wing who behaved otherwise are to be reported.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Horatio Gates, 5 October 1777
From: Gates, Horatio
To: Washington, George

Head Quarters, Camp Behmus’s Heights [N.Y.] October 5th 1777.
Sir,

Since the Action of the 19th Instant, the Enemy have kept the Ground they Occupied the Morning of that Day; And fortified their Camp. The Advanced Centrys of my piquets, are posted within Shot, And Opposite the Enemy’s; neither side have given Ground an Inch. In this Situation, Your Excellency would not wish me to part with the Corps the Army of General Burgoyne are most Afraid of. From the best Intelligence he has not more than Three weeks provision in Store; it will take him at least Eight Days, to get back to Ticonderoga; so that, in a fortnight at farthest, he must decide, whether he will Rashly risque, at infinite Disadvantage, to Force my Camp, or Retreat to his Den. In either Case, I must have the fairest prospect to be Able to reinforce Your Excellency, in a more considerable Manner than by a Single Regiment. I am sorry to Repeat to Your Excellency, the Distress I have Suffered for Want of a proper supply of Musket Cartridges from Springfield, or the Materials to make them; The Inclosed from the Commissary of Ordnance Stores at Albany, will convince Your Excellency of the Truth of this Assertion. My Anxiety also upon Account of provisions, has been inexpressible; A greater Error has not been Committed this War, than the Changing the Commissaries in the Middle of the Campaign. You, Sir, must have Your Grievances, I therefore will not

enhance them by enlarging upon mine. I am Sir Your Excellencys most Obedient Humble Servant

Horatio Gates


Title: From George Washington to Benjamin Harrison, 5 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Harrison, Benjamin

[Pennypacker’s Mill, Pa.] 5 October 1777. “A letter which accompanies this to congress will give an account of an unsuccessful attack upon the enemy in German town yesterday about day break—my extreme fatigue & hurry, and indeed want of knowledge of the causes which produced some great & capital disappointments do not allow me to be particular at this time. Things appeared in a very favorable way once, as the column under the command of Genl Sullivan (who behaved extremely well) continued to gain ground upon the enemy till we drove them from Allen’s house to Chews, and, on their left, much lower thro the encampment of the light Infantry, which was abandoned with their baggage &c. Among other misfortunes that attended us was a hazy atmosphere without a breath of air, so that the Smoke of our artillery & small arms often prevented us from seing thirty yards; and this not for an instant but of long continuance for want of wind to take it off. The Causes why the columns under the command of Genls Green & Smallwood did not get up in time I can not now assign; * or why Genl Armstrong who was to have acted upon the enemies left did not push it I am at present equally ignorant of. The plan was concerted upon very probable grounds of success, and in the execution things looket well a long while as we continued to gain upon the enemy during the whole action which lasted two [hours] & 40 minutes. my next to Congress, will be able to explain matters fully; Till then your Judgement must be suspended. The event turned out contrary to expectation but we are in no worse condition (except officers & men) than we were.

*Since writing the above I have seen Genl Green, whose column it seems had also driven the enemy, and were about closing with ours when unhappily (for I can no otherwise account for it) each took the other for fresh troops of the enemy & retreated precipitately. The fog & clouds of smoke contributed to this, as you could scarce distinguish objects at 50 yards.”


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Ann Hawkes Hay, 5 October 1777
From: Hay, Ann Hawkes
To: Washington, George

Sir.
Sunday 4 O’Clock P.M. Haverstraw [N.Y.] October 5th 1777

I think it my Duty to inform you, that Yesterday the Enemy’s Fleet consisting of four large Ships of War a Considerable Number of Armed Vessels and Eight Transport with forty flatt Bottom Boats came up as far as Tarry Town, this Morning they came up into the Bay opposite this Place and are now landing their Troops at Verplank’s Point, no Opposition has yet been made on our Part, the Shipping are at Anchor below the Point.
I have called out the Militia but as we are but a handfull of Men, I thought proper to imploy them in driving off the Stock & watching the Motions of the Enemy which is all I can do till Supports arrive but I know not to what Quarter to send for Assistance unless the Jersey Militia could be sent forward from the Eastern part of that State. I am Your Excellency’s most Obt Humble Servt

A. Hawkes Hay


Title: To George Washington from Richard Henry Lee, 5 October 1777 [letter not found]
From: Lee, Richard Henry
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Richard Henry Lee, 5 Oct. 1777. GW wrote Lee on 16 Oct.: “Your favour of the 5th Inst. as also that of the 11th by Baron Kalb, are both to hand.”


Title: To George Washington from William Livingston, 5 October 1777
From: Livingston, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
Princeton [N.J.] 5th Octr 1777

Your Favour of the 1st Instant now lies before me. Respecting our public Stores at Trenton, I have some time since upon the Application of Mr Stewart ordered a Company of our Militia as a Guard; since which, as I have not been farther applied to, I am in hopes Mr Stewart has been able to procure a sufficient Number of waggons. But least he should be in want of more, I shall this very day send a circular Letter to all our Magistrates in that part of the Country, to collect all the waggons they can.
I really pity your Excellency’s Situation with respect to the Tories—In my small Department, I have infinite Trouble with them. A Tory is an incorrigible Animal: And nothing but the Extinction of Life, will extinguish his Malevolence against Liberty.
I think it my Duty to transmit to your Excellency part of two Paragraphs of a Letter I yesterday received from General Dickinson. “From undoubtd Intelligence (says he) just received, several ways, there is some great & uncommon Movements of the Enemy from all Quarters; It is generally conjectured they intend to make a Push thro’ this State. If so, they will make two Landings to divide our small force which from the space we occupy, lays very wide & scattered.”
“Some thing capital will most assuredly be done in a very short time. I rely upon my Intelligence which I believe is good, & comes strongly confirmed several ways; my force does not exceed one thousand men, all that can be done, I will do.” I have the Honour to be your most humble Sert

Wil: Livingston


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, 5 October 1777
From: Varnum, James Mitchell
To: Washington, George

Sir
Cross Roads [N.J.] 5th Octr 1777.

I am now, with the Troops under my Command, fifteen Miles from Morristown, & thirty five from Coryell’s Ferry, which we shall be able to reach Tomorrow Evening. We left King’s Ferry on Wednesday Morning last, & have made no Halt, excepting half the Day, Yesterday. The Detachment consists of one Hundred & four Officers, Twenty one Staff and Eleven Hundred & Twenty six Noncommissioned Officers & Privates. Besides which Colo. Bradley accompanies us with about one Hundred belonging to the Battalion under General McDougle. Your Excellency’s Commands will be chearfully received, & obediently executed, by your very Obedient & most humble Servant

J. M. Varnum


Title: General Orders, 6 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, Perkiomy [Pa.] October 6th 1777.
Fredericksburg.Fairfax. Frankfort.

The commanding officers of regiments are without delay to send to the provost for such of their men as have been tried and their sentences published.
The Battalion of militia from Virginia, commanded by Col. Rumney, are to be attended to and do duty with General Scott’s brigade.
Brigadier Genl Pulaski will make a return of the horse as soon as possible.
Thomas Mullen Esqr. appointed the 3rd instant to act as Brigade Major to Genl Conway, is now, for his gallant behaviour on the 4th instant, appointed Brigade Major to General Conway, and is to be respected and obeyed as such.
John Laurens Esqr: appointed on the 6th of September extra-Aid-de Camp to the Commander in Chief, is now appointed Aid-de Camp to him, and is to be respected and obeyed as such.
The commanding officers of corps are every morning to report the strength of them to their Brigadiers or officers commanding brigades, that it may be known daily what stragglers have joined.
Buckshot are to be put into all the cartridges which shall hereafter be made.


Title: To George Washington from Major John Clark, Jr., 6 October 1777
From: Clark, John Jr.
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Red Lyon Uchland Township [Pa.] 6th October 1777 5 oClock P.M.

Cadwalader Jones a Quaker on whom I can rely, is just returned from Philadelphia, & informs me that about 2000 Hessians crossed the Schuylkill at the lower ferry Yesterday on their way towards Chester, that he was informed by Friends in the City at Yearly-meeting that Brigadier Agnew was killed & one or two other Generals mortally wounded, it was the current report in the City, that the Rebels had used the British Troops barbarously—several Quakers from the City say that upwards of two hundred Waggons came in before they left it, with wounded Soldiers—A few Days ago a number of Waggons went towards Chester, ’tis thought for Provisions—whether the Troops that crossed Yesterday went to escort them—or to establish a Post at Derby or Chester, to secure their retreat, I submit to your Wisdom—you may depend on this information—as my informants are Persons of Credit. I am [with] due respect Your Excellencys Most Obedt

Jno. Clark Junr

I thought it my duty to give you the earliest intelligence—The Enemy have suffered much The Spirits of the Citizens are depressed, & the Country elated.


Title: To George Washington from Major John Clark, Jr., 6 October 1777
From: Clark, John Jr.
To: Washington, George

My dear General
Octr 6th 1777 10 oClock P.M.

I wrote you by Express at 5 this Evening which I hope you have reced—A Gent. an intimate acquaintance this moment arrived from Philadelphia (his name I must conceal for particular reasons) which place he left at 11 oClock this Day—& confirms what I wrote you & further Ads—Gen. Knyphausen is wounded in the hand—Genl D[e]peisters son an A.D.C. is killed as also Cols. Abercrombie, Bird, Walcot, & many others of the first character—my informant also says he was at German Town saw about 50 killed—but some one came up & told him & Company who were with him—that they cou’d not be permitted to go on the field of action as ’twas too disagreeable a sight—he says the Enemy suffered prodigiously—he heard many Officers say that you had completely surprised them notwithstanding a deserter gave notice of Your design—he says the Enemy have got possession of red Bank & Billingsport are fortifying & transporting their heavy Cannon consisting of 12 & 18 pounders—that they have got up the lower tier of the Chevaux de frize—Provisions are scarce with them—Gen. Howe has ordered the Inhabitants to patrole every Night through the City—Mr Chews House shot to pieces—my friend says hes never saw such shocking sights—all the Troops were in action except a few Guards—he ads if the Troops had arrived at the middle Ferry earlier ’twou’d have prevented the Enemy’s reinforcement from the City joining the main body People go & come as usual into the City from this County—If a few Troops were sent down the Schuylkill it wou’d prevent—I am further informed the number of prisoners taken amounts to about 400—the Enemy’s Waggons are constantly going towards Chester—This information you may depend on. I am Your Excellencies Most Obedt Very humble Servt

Jno. Clark Junr

The Enemy were cannonading our Fort when he came away.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General David Forman, 6 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Forman, David

Sir
Head Quarters Philada County [Pa.] 6th Octobr 1777

You having informed me that the times of many of your present Brigade of Militia are near expiring, and that many others who came out for no certain time are anxious to return home, you have my permission to march them towards Delaware under pretence that you are going to guard the Stores at Trenton, and when they have crossed the River you may discharge them. But I must beg that you will immediately use your utmost endeavours to collect a Number equal to what you were to have brought in yr last Brigade and return with them as quick as possible to join the Army under my command. I shall be glad you will let me know, upon your arrival in Jersey, when I may expect you again and with what force. I am Sir yr m⟨mutilated⟩.


Title: From George Washington to John Gill, 6 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Gill, John

Sir
Camp at Pawlins Mill [Pa.] 6th Octobr 1777

Lieut: Dongan has waited upon me to know in what manner you can best employ the Militia of Bucks. I think at present you cannot do better than to post them upon the different Roads leading to Philada beginning at the Bristol Road and extending across the Country to the Westward. The Guards should fall down as near philada as they possibly can and pay particular attention to stopping all persons from going in with marketting. If any are taken coming out of the town from whom any particular information is obtained, let the Officer who receives the information report it to me. If any persons leave the Country and go in to the Enemy their Horses and Cattle should be immediately secured for the public & sent to this Army, leaving their Milch Cows and a horse or two to draw wood &ca for support of their families. I am Sir Yr most obt Servt.