Title: To George Washington from Colonel Lachlan McIntosh, 28 April 1776
From: McIntosh, Lachlan
To: Washington, George

sir,
Savannah in Georgia 28th april 1776.

I wrote to your Excellency the 16th feby & 8th March to which please to be refered, And now inclose you a Report of our Battalion made to me this Day, which I defered Sending you before, in expectation of our Officers coming in with all their Recruits. but the distance they were obliged to go rendered it impossible.
I am informed Capt. Colson is on his way with near his Company compleat, & with the other recruiting Officers may make above 70 or 80 men more than the Report, & is altogether above half the Compliment of the Battalion, which is more than the oldest Battalion in so. Carolina can boast of yet, tho near twelve Months standing, & their encouragement so much greater, their bounty being £25 so. Carolina Cury, the like Sum for

Clothes, besides their Rations & pay which is also better than ours. and if the ease in which the poorest People generaly Live in the southern Colonys, and the prejudice they have to any regular Service on account of the restraint that any thing of Strict Disciplin requires is considared, I flatter myself your Excelly will think we have not been Idle. Chief of the men are inlisted for Twelve Months, some for eighteen & a few who would not engage for more than Six Months, whom I have admitted as I had no directions about the Time, & could not tell how soon we might have Occasion for them.
Our Province allows Six Dollars ⅌ man Inlisting Money & upon application have raised it now to Eight Dollars which is still too Little for the bounty of the men & Expense of the Officer, whose Pay is so small that they can barely aford to Live in an extravagant Country Like this where there are no kind of Manufactures, & the Small remains of Goods advanced two or three hundred ⅌ Cent. Indeed I fear we shall be at the greatest Loss to make out Clothing of any kind for them, or what is far worse proper Arms. The Officers who are not Recruiting Employ all their Time in Training themselves & the Battalion, on which Spectators are pleased to pay high Compliments, for the Profictincy they have already made, and appearance of the men &ca.
The Raven & Cherokee are the only two ships of War which remains now stationed at Tybee in the Mouth of Savannah River, with whom we have no kind of Communication. Several Armed Vessels infest our other Inlets to the Southward, & made several Capturs, which we cannot prevent as we have not a Single Vessel of any force, but they have always been drove off of the Shore, when they attempted to get a Supply of Provision.
We are informed there are two thousand men now in St Augustin lately arrived, & that they expect more daily, but wants confirmation, as I think in that poor starved Colony they must be much pinched for provision. This province is now raising a Troop of Sixty Horse to prevent their getting any Cattle from our Southern boundary. and another Troop of a like Number to protect our Western settlements from the Insults of Indians, who are like to be troublesome. All things considered I certainly think this Colony shoud have a Considerable Force to defend & Secure it, as it’s Safety is of the Utmost consequence to

the great Cause of the Continent. the Troops of our Neighbouring Province are all upon Provincial Establishment & at a distance, therefore, their asistance may depend upon many circumstances. I have the Honor to be your Excellency’s most obt & most Hbe servt

Lachn McIntosh.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Artemas Ward, 28 April 1776
From: Ward, Artemas
To: Washington, George

Sir
Boston 28 April 1776

By Mr Harrison’s Letter of the twenty second Instant, I am informed your Excellency can not supply me with the Cash I wrote for; I am very sorry as there are many demands on the Commissary and Quartermaster, which are not all of a late date. I have made out Warrants for the payment of the five Regiments here for the month of February, and have found it necessary to give Warrants for the payment of the men on board the Hancock, Franklin, and Harrison, Privateers, otherwise they must have been hauled up.
I have made enquiry respecting the arrival of powder at Cambridge since your Excellency’s departure, and am informed by Mr Barber that none has arrived.
I have given all attention in my power to the Works, the fortress on Fort Hill is in good forwardness, there are now eight twenty four pounders and two twelves mounted and furnished ready for action. The Court agreed to have a Fortress built at Castle point, which is nearly finished and I intend to have the Cannon mounted in it this week. The work at Charlestown point I expect will be compleated in seven or eight days. Our works, and other business, have been much retarded for want of Teams.

Capt. Fellows, the Gentleman I sent to Beverly to view the Ship Jenny and the Brigantine, has just returned and informs me that he with Commodore Manley and Capt. Bartlett viewed the above Vessels, and are all of opinion that neither of them is fit for the service.
As there are several of the Enemy’s armed Vessels which cruize in this Bay that are larger than our Privateers, I wish that a Ship of sufficient force to take them might cruise this way. I am Your Excellencys Obedient Humble Servant

Artemas Ward


Title: Proclamation on Intercourse with British Warships, 29 April 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

[New York, 29 April 1776]

Whereas an Intercourse and Correspondence with the Ships of War, and other Vessels belonging to, and in the Service of the King of Great Britain, is highly detrimental to the Rights and Liberties of the said Colonies. And whereas the Committee of Safety of the Colony of New York, taking the same under their Consideration, on the 18th Instant, did Resolve and Order, “That no Inhabitant of the said Colony on any Pretence, or for any Purpose whatsoever, either in Person or in Writing, should, directly, or indirectly, presume to have, or maintain any Intercourse whatsoever, with any Ship belonging to, or employed in the Service of the said King, or with any of his Officers, or Ministers, or with any Person, or Persons on board the same, on pain of being dealt with in the severest Manner,” Notwithstanding which, there is Reason to believe that sundry base and wicked Persons, preferring their own, present private Emolument to their Country’s Weal, have continued to carry on the same, particularly some who under Pretence of coming to the Market of this City by Water, have put themselves, their Vessels and Effects in the Way of the Ships of War, for the Purposes of giving Intelligence and furnishing them with Supplies of Provision; and have been taken: To the End that such evil and pernicious Practices may be remedied and prevented in Future, I hereby publish and declare, that if any Person, or Persons shall hereafter presume to have, hold, or continue to carry on such Intercourse, or any Kind of Correspondence whatsoever, or furnish and supply the said Ships of War, and other Vessels in such Service, with Provisions and Necessaries of any Kind, that he or they so offending will be deemed and considered as an Enemy, or Enemies to the Rights of the said Colonies, and if apprehended will be treated accordingly.
And I do hereby will and require all Officers and Soldiers in the Army under my Command, and most earnestly entreat all

Persons well attached to the Interest of the said Colonies, to use their utmost Care and Diligence for preventing the same, and apprehending and securing all Persons who shall be guilty thereof.
GIVEN under my Hand, at HEAD-QUARTERS, in the City of NEWYORK, this Twenty Ninth of APRIL, Anno Domini, 1776.

G. Washington.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Jacob Bayley, 29 April 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Bayley, Jacob

Sir
New York 29th April 1776

I Received your favour of the 29th Instant with Mr Metcalfs Plan and Capt. Johnsons journal of the route from Newbery to St John’s the Representation that was Transmitted to me by the Hands of Colonel Little I had sent to Congress. Mr Weatherspoon has been since sent to Examine or Explore a Rout but I hear he is still at Cohoes. the time of the Congress is taken up with so many Objects of Consequence that it is impossible for them to Attend to Everything and as it is of Importance that every Communication with Canada should be made as free as Possible it is my Oppinion & Desire that you set about the Road you Propose as soon as possible.
As you must be the best Judge who to Employ you Will please to take the whole upon yourself we cannot at this time spare Soldiers you must therfore engage such men as you know will do the business faithfully & well, as to their wages you must agree with them on the most Reasonable terms, & I doubt not that you will in this and every other Instance serve your Country with Integrity honor & Justice. as you go on you will upon every Oppertunity keep me advised & I will provide for the Expence which you will be Careful in making as light as possible. I am Your Most Obbt Humle Serv.

G.W.

P.S. I Send you by Mr William Wallace 250£ Lawfull Money to Begin with.


Title: To George Washington from Thomas R. Harris and William Metcalfe, 29 April 1776
From: Harris, Thomas R.,Metcalfe, William
To: Washington, George

City Jail [New York] 29 April 1776. “Having upon us the strongest symptoms of a contagious distemper; and being confined in a close room, together with three other gentlemen, they undoubtedly have the greatest reason to be apprehensive of its consequences. As we believe it foreign from your intention to endanger our lives, or the lives of others, we should be glad if you will order our case to be looked into.”


Title: From George Washington to Major General Philip Schuyler, 29 April 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Schuyler, Philip

Dear Sir
New York April 29th 1776.

I wrote You on the 24th instant & am now to inform You that in Addition to the four Regiments detached from hence under General Thompson, I am Ordered by Congress to send six More. This Detachment will be under the Command of General Sullivan & Consist of Two of the Eastern Regiments & of four of these Provinces. The two first will Embark to Day, the Others will be pushed forward as fast as possible.
I have spoke to the Commissary to send forward a Supply of Provisions, he says that he is taking Measures for that Purpose & that It shall be done. The Powder You wrote for I will Attempt to furnish and as early as in my Power. The Augmentation of the Army in Canada necessarily requiring a large Encrease to what was there before.
The Congress have sent three Boxes with Money, said to Contain 300,000 Dollars, they are thus far in their Way to You & will be transmitted by General Sullivan.
I wish & doubt Not but that You will make Every Preparation at Albany for Expediting the Troops to Canada; The Situation of our Affairs there calls aloud for Dispatch & the Most Vigorous Exertions.
A Mr Ray of this City has informed Colo. Ritzema that a Mr Philip Van Rensselaer, has above three thousand stand of Arms in his Possession at Albany, do make strict Enquiry into the Matter and if any Can be had, send ’em here Immediately, Ritzema’s Regiment & Others now raising, being greatly deficient, I may say almost destitute & Without Any. I am, Dr Sir, with great Esteem, Your most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Artemas Ward, 29 April 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Ward, Artemas

Sir,
New York 29th April 1776.

It is with great concern I learn, from every hand, that your Works for the defence of Boston and the Harbour, go on exceeding slow—I must entreat you therefore to push Colo. Gridley on to a deligent and faithful discharge of his duty in this particular—We cannot possibly tell where the Enemy will pitch their Tents next—if Boston is left open, and unguarded, it may be a temptation to go there; but at any rate, no time should be lost in putting the Town in the best posture of defence the nature of the case will admit of.
I shall be glad, in your next, to receive a particular Acct of what has been done towards Fortifying the Harbour. Four Regiments, to wit, Poors, Pattersons, Greatons & Bonds are already gone off for Canada—Reeds & Starkes will Imbark this day for Albany on their Rout to the same place, & four others will follow in a day or two. I am Sir Yr Most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 30 April 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, April 30th 1776.
Parole Sawbridge.Countersign Oliver.

All Officers, non-Commission’d Officers, and Soldiers, belonging to any of the Regiments, now in, or going to Canada, to parade to morrow Morning at nine o’Clock in the Street opposite to Genl Sullivan’s quarters, near the Bowling-Green, to receive his orders.
All Officers, non-commissioned Officers, and Soldiers, are strictly commanded, upon no pretence whatever, to carry any thing out of their Barracks, or the Houses they at present occupy, that belongs to such Barracks, or Houses; neither are they to injure the Buildings within, or without—All Damages wantonly done to the Houses, where the Troops are quartered, to be paid for by the Troops, quarter’d in them. The Commanding Officers of Companies, to deliver to Col. Brewer, Barrack Master, a List of the Names of those quartered in each house; His own Name at the head of the List, and the Regiment to which he belongs—Immediately upon the Troops encamping, the Qr Mr General, and Barrack Master, to examine the Condition the Houses are left in, and secure them in the best manner; and make their report to the General.
Genl Green’s Brigade to encamp to morrow Morning at Ten O’Clock upon the Ground mark’d out upon Long-Island.


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 30 April 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
New York April 30. 1776.

I mean thro you Sir to do myself the Honor of laying before Congress, a Copy of an Address transmitted them some time agoe by the Assembly of Rhode Island, which Governor Cooke favoured me with in the month of January, at the same time requesting me to Interest myself in procuring a body of forces on the Continental establishment for the defence of that Colony. I doubt not but the Address & Subject of It, have had the Attention and consideration of Congress before now, but If they have not decided upon the matter, I wou’d beg leave to mention that I have made enquiry into the situation & condition of this Colony and find It to be, as Stated in the address, and with all deference to the opinion of Congress, conceive It highly necessary and expedient that they shou’d adopt some measures for relieving their distress and granting the aid prayed for. The importanc⟨e⟩ of It in the Chain of union, Its extensive Sea Coast affording Harbours for our Shipping & Vessels, at the same time exposing & Subjecting the Inhabitants to the ravages & depredations of our Enemies; the zeal & attachment which It has shewn & which still actuates It toward the Common cause, the incapacity to pay a sufficient number of men for Its defence, shou’d they be able to furnish ’em after so many engaged in other Services, these and many other reasons, which are too obvious to be mentioned, plead powerfully for the notice and attention of Congress & seem to me to claim their Support. Having thus stated the matter to Congress for their consideration agreable to my promise to Governor Cooke when I had the honor of seeing him in my way here, I shall leave It with them, not doubting but they will duly weigh Its importance & give such assistance as they may think reasonable & Just; what they chiefly wish for is, that the Troops they have raised may be taken into Continental pay & a Commanding Officer to be appointed by Congress. I have the honor to be with much regard Sir Yr Most H. Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 30 April 1776
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia April 30th 1776.

The Congress having accepted the Resignation of the honorable James Warren as Paymaster General, have been pleased to appoint William Palfrey Esqr. to succeed him in that Department. I have wrote to Mr Warren to acquaint him that there are Superintendants of the Treasury appointed to whom he is to render his Accounts and Vouchers.
I have also directed Mr Winthrop to deliver to Mr Palfrey all the Cash and Papers in his Possession belonging to the office.
Your several Letters have been duely received, and as soon as Congress shall have come to a Determination thereon, I will do myself the Pleasure of forwarding the same, at which Time I shall write more fully. In the Interim, I have the Honour to be Sir, your most obedt & very hble Sert

John Hancock Presidt


Title: From George Washington to the New York Committee of Safety, 30 April 1776
From: Unknown
To:

Gentlemen
New York. 30th April 1776

I perceive by the tener of your favour of yesterday that my Letter of the 25th has given Umbrage, which I am sorry for as it was not most distantly, in my Ideas to give any.
Three things led me to suspect that the New York Battalions were not upon the same establishment of the other Continental Troops—Current report—an implied exception in the order for detaching Six more Battalions to Canada—and that part of your Letter signifying that four of these Battalions were to be raised under your immediate direction which intimation coming in corroboration of the two first reasons (for I never had any information of this matter from Congress) led me to believe that you intended it as a genteel hint that I was not to consider them in the same light I did the Others it was not to be wondered at therefore that I should wish to know the extent of my authority over them that my Conduct might be regulated thereby—or, that I should be so solicitous in arming Regiments raised for local purposes as these for the General Service when the latter are also greatly deficient in this essential point—These were the Ideas that filled my mind at the time of writing—if the extreame hurry occasioned by a variety of buisness which is continually pressing upon me, clouded the meaning I wished to convey, I can only add that it never was, and I hope never will be, my intention to give unprovoked Offence of this your Committe may be once for all, assured—that it is my earnest wish to cooperate with them in every measure which can conduce to the General good—and that if I should, at anytime, differ from them in the means I shall feel my share of the concern being with respect Gentn Yr Most Obed. Humble Servt

G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Major Christopher French, April 1776
From: French, Christopher
To: Washington, George

Hartford April 1776

Major French of His Majesty’s Twenty second Regiment begs to inform His Excellency Genl Washington
That Capt. Delaplace of His Majesty’s 26th Regiment has acquainted him as Senior Officer of His Majesty’s Forces here that many Men of said Regiment have applied to him for their Cloathing, and to be supplied with the other Necessaries requisite to their Health & cleanly Appearance, such as Shirts, Shoes, Stockings &ca.
That he (in consequence) did apply to the Committee of Hartford for leave to send Ensn Moland to Major Preston for their Cloathing, and to settle a Mode of supplying him with Money to procure them the other Conveniences mention’d, which was not agreed to.
That he wrote to Governor Trumbull to permit a Serjeant to go for that purpose but (though a long Time has elaps’d) he has not yet had any Answer.
That he has wrote to Major Preston with no better Success, occasion’d (as he supposes) by his Letter not reaching him.
That the Men are scatter’d so much in different parts of the

Country that he cannot see their Wants, which may induce them to desert, nor regulate their Conduct, so essential to their own Happiness, and the Peace of the Inhabitants.
That Serjeant Goold of the Royal Fuzileers quarter’d at Litchfield has also inform’d him that the Men of said Regiment, Prisoners there, are in great Want of small Necessaries, and that he has no Officer with him, nor any Money to supply them, and that they are consequently oblig’d to work, by which means they wear out one part of their Cloathing in endeavoring to procure another.
Major French requests His Excellency will take these Matters into his Consideration & give such Directions about them as to him shall appear proper.


Title: To George Washington from Ruthey Jones, April 1776 [letter not found]
From: Jones, Ruthey
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Ruthey Jones, April 1776. On 15 Sept. 1776 Jones wrote to GW: “I took the liberty of riteing to you last aprial.”


Title: General Orders, 1 May 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New-York, May 1st 1776
Parole Shelbourne.Countersign Townsend.

The Majors of brigade are to see that every Regiment in their respective Brigades, take their proper Share of all duties that the service requires.
After Orders. Col. McDougall’s, and Col. Ritzema’s Regiments to be mustered on Saturday Morning, at Ten o’Clock,

upon the Common, near the Laboratory, where the Commissary General of musters will attend.


Title: General Orders, 2 May 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, May 2nd 1776.
Parole Granby.Countersign Wilkes

The first, second, and fourth Brigades, to encamp to morrow in the forenoon; each Regiment to be drawn up on their regimental Parade, at eight O’Clock in the Morning, and directly march to the Ground, mark’d out for their Encampment, when they are immediately to pitch their tents—The Qr Mr General will provide Camp-Equipage, Wood, and Straw, necessary for the Encampment.
The Brigadiers General, or Officers commanding, will attend to the Encampment of their respective Brigades, and see that one Regiment does not encroach upon another, but encamps exactly upon the Ground assigned.
The Chief Engineer Lieut. Col. Putnam, to send every evening the Details for the working Parties wanted for the next day, to Major Genl Putnam, who will provide Boats, and give the necessary Orders for marching them to the places where they are to work, and will also direct, the entrenching Tools to be properly distributed.
Corporal John Weaver, of Capt. Williams Independent Company of Rifflemen, tried at a late General Court Martial, whereof Col. Baldwin was President, for “getting drunk, when on duty.” The Court find the Prisoner guilty of the Charge, and do sentence him to be reduced to the Ranks, and whipped Thirty Lashes on his bare back.
Jno. McGarra of Capt. Stephenson’s Independent Company of Riffle-men, tried at the above General Court Martial, for “mutinous behaviour,” is found guilty by the Court, and sentenced to be whipped Fifteen Lashes on his bare back.
Samuel Londers and Abner Fuller, of Capt. Bissell’s Company, in Col. Huntington’s Regiment, tried at the above General

Court Martial for “Desertion”—The Court finding the Prisoners guilty of the Charge, do sentence each of them to receive Thirty Lashes, on his bare back. The General approves of the foregoing Sentences, and orders the execution of them to morrow Morning at Guard mounting.
The General Court Martial, whereof Col: Baldwin is President, is dissolved.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General George Clinton, 2 May 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

Sir
New York May 2. 1776

Having received information that there is a number of arms at one Wilseys at the Fish Kilns, among the Officers Baggage which came from St Johns, I request and authorize you to make inquiry about them & to secure all you can find. I am Sir Your Most Hble Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Ebenezer Learned, 2 May 1776
From: Learned, Ebenezer
To: Washington, George

New York, 2 May 1776. Requests an honorable discharge from the Continental army because he is “so Indisposd in Body” that he is “absolutely—Renderd unfit to serve.”


Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 2 May 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.

Sir
New York May 2d 1776

I received your favor of the 27th ulto and am sorry to inform you that it is not in my power at this time to refund to your Colony the powder lent the Continent, our Magazines here being very low, and the pressing demands from Canada obliging me immediately to forward sixty barrels thither. Should any inconvenience result to the Colony from not having it, it will give me much uneasiness. You may rest assured, that, as soon as I possibly can, I will make a return of it.
The Commissary Genl has not presented the account yet, when he does, it shall be immediately paid. I am Sir with much esteem your most humble & obedient Servt

G. Washington


Title: General Orders, 3 May 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, May 3rd 1776
Parole Albany.Countersign Quebec.

A General Court Martial of the Line, consisting of one Colonel, one Lieut. Colonel, one Major, and ten Captains, to sit to morrow morning at Ten O’Clock, to try all such Prisoners as shall be brought before them—All Evidences, and Persons concerned, to attend the court.
Frederick Roach, a Matross in the Regiment of Artillery, tried at a late General Court Martial, whereof Col. Baldwin was President for “Insulting and striking Capt. Hull and for insulting some Inhabitants on Long-Island”—The Court finding the Prisoner guilty of the charge, do sentence him to be whipped Thirty nine Lashes, on his bare back.
Edward McCartney of Capt. Hardenburgh’s Company, in Col. Ritzema’s Regiment, tried at the above General Court Martial, for “Desertion”—is found guilty by the Court, and by them sentenced to receive thirty-nine Lashes, on his bare back.
John Maxfield of Capt. Tylers Company, in Colonel Huntington’s Regiment, tried by the above General Court Martial for “Desertion”—The Court finding the Prisoner guilty of the Charge, do sentence him to be whipped Thirty-nine Lashes on his naked back for said offence.
Charles Bowen of Capt. Potter’s Company, in Col. Dayton’s Regiment, tried by the above General Court Martial for “Desertion” is found guilty by the Court and sentenced to be whipp’d Therty Lashes on his bare back.
The General approves of each of the foregoing sentences, and orders them to be put in Execution to morrow morning at guard mounting.


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Cushing, 3 May 1776
From: Cushing, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Watertown [Mass.] May 3d 1776

By order of a Committee of the General Court of this Colony, whereof I have the Honr to be Chairman, I enclose you a Copy of a piece of Intelligence, which is of the greatest Importance, received by Capt. John Lee, a Gentleman who may be depended upon. We would humbly submit it to your Excellency whether, as the British Troops left this Colony in Disgrace, they will not return here to retrieve their Character. On this occasion we take leave to suggest to your Consideration whether it would not, considering the Number which are gone out of this Colony, be for the public Safety to reinforce the Detachment under General Ward’s Command, as soon as may be; as the Regiments under his Command are by no means full. I am, with great Respect, your Excellency’s most hume Servt

Thomas Cushing


Title: From George Washington to Major General Philip Schuyler, 3 May 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Schuyler, Philip

Dear Sir
New York May 3d 1776.

I received Your Favor of the 27th Ulto Yesterday Evening with Its several Enclosures, & in Part Answer thereto refer You to mine of the 29th which probably will have come to Hand e’re now, But lest any Accident has prevented It, I will again inform You that in Obedience to an Order of Congress I have detached six more Regiments under General Sullivan in Addition to those with General Thompson, to reinforce our Army in Canada, All of which except a few Companies are embarked, And as the Situation of our Affairs in that Quarter is not so promissing as we cou’d wish, & an Early Arrival of them may be of the most infinite Advantage to Us, I shall repeat my Request & in full Confidence [trust] that You will do Every Thing in Your Power to hasten their March. I have sent forward 60 Barrels of Powder, which is all that can be spared from hence at this Time, which I hope will arrive safe. The Commissary I have been importunate with, He tells Me Eight hundred Barrels of Pork are gone to Albany & that he Every Day expects a further Quantity from Connecticut which he will order to You as soon as It comes, without stopping here. You will also receive three Boxes

of Money said to Contain 300,000 Dollars, which from My Letter from Congress, accompanying It, are for Canada, Yours probably will be more particular, But I should think My Dear Sir, If the whole will not be more than sufficient to pay the Troops & the Claims there, Tho’ some of It might be Intended for You, That It will be adviseable to send It forward, You will have It in Your Power to get a further Supply before long, to satisfye Your Engagements, those in Canada, Either with our Men, or Others, Shou’d not remain unpaid at this Critical & Interresting Period. You however will be better able to Judge of what should be done in this Instance than I possibly can. With Respect to your Military Chest when replenished, I see no Impropriety in your giving Warrants as usual, It seems to be Necessary & of Consequence must have my Approbation.
The Quarter Master has forwarded a Parcel of Intrenching Tools & other Necessaries, with about 500 Tents, the latter to be equally & properly distributed amongst this last Detachmt No more can be had at this Time.
You will also receive the Chain General Lee ordered, which I think should be sent to & fixed at the Place It is designed for with all possible Expedition; It may be of Great service & Benefit.
In Respect of Sailors to Cruize & pass in the Lakes, on the 24th Ulto I gave a Warrant to a Captn Jacobus Wynthrop for 276⅔ Dollars for a Months Advance Pay for himself Officers & Men, who are engaged in that Service; Of this I then advised You & of their different Pay, that You might take an Account of It & know what they are to receive in future.
I am exceedingly Sorry, You should have been so indisposed I had hoped that You would get perfectly restored, so as Not only to see the End of this Campaign, but Your Great Labour & unwearied Assiduity in the Cause of Your Country crowned with Success & the Blessings of Freedom. You have my Most fervent Wishes for It.
I have just received an Arrangement of the Companies allotted by the Committee of Safety to Colos. Wynkoop & Clinton, for their Regiments, a Copy of which You have inclosed, By which You will see they are diff[er]ently arranged from What You expected or I knew; I have therefore Countermanded an Order which was issued to Colo. Wynkoop before, & directed

him (the Companies at Albany being in his Regiment) to repair Immediately to You for such Directions & Orders respecting his Regiment as You may Judge Necessary to give, This You will employ at the Posts You Mention, & for the Communication, I can spare no more from hence, the ten Regiments already detached having weak[en]ed Us here too much. The four Companies of Colo: Clinton’s Regimt at the Highland Fortifications I intend shall remain there for Carrying on & Garrisoning those Works & which will be joined by Another, Those on Long Island will be kept there. I am, Dr Sir, with sentiments of Great Regard Your Most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Philip Schuyler, 3 May 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Schuyler, Philip

Dear Sir
New York May 3d 1776.

The Indians, Bearers of this from Conejoharie, have travelled to Boston, & from thence hither they are now on their way

home, wanting, as they say (one of them at least) a Commission to raise Men & fight against the Regulars. As they do not appear to be Persons of any Sort of Consequence, I have only advised them to lay their Pretensions before you, who can Judge better of their merit than I can & would I had no Doubt, reward It.
As they have been at Boston & Eye Witnesses of the Departure of the Kings Troops, & the many things left by them, whether would It not be Good Policy to hasten them home as fast as possible, that they may Communicate the Intelligence, their Tale will Carry more Conviction than the Report of twenty white men.
I have given them some Trifling Presents, Such as a Shirt a Piece &ca. I am most sincerely Dr Sir Yours most Affecte

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Artemas Ward, 3 May 1776
From: Ward, Artemas
To: Washington, George

Sir
Boston 3 May 1776.

Yesterday afternoon a Vessel arrived at Newbury from Bilboa in twenty nine days, the Captain of which informs, that on the fourtee[n]th of April in longitude 45, from London he spoke a Vessel from Plymouth in England, who informed him that three days before he parted with a fleet of sixty sail of Transports bound for Boston under the Command of Admiral Howe, having on board twelve thousand Hessian Troops; that twenty seven Commissioners were on board this fleet, that they were directed if possible to adjust matters with the Colonies; if

not, to penetrate at the risque of every thing, into the Country: if this could not be effected, then to burn and destroy all in their power; that Genl Burgoyne was near sailing with four thousand Hanoverians for Quebec; a number of Regiments are gone to the Southern Colonies; that the King of Prussia was made quiet by having all his demands complyed with: that France and Spain had objected against any Russians coming to America.
Commodore Manley declines going on another Cruise until he has a larger Ship, and he says he cannot recommend his first Lieut. for the Command of the Vessel he last sailed in.
Frequent applications are made to me to appoint Commanders of the Privateers, and for other matters which no Person here is authorised to transact. I am in great haste Your Excellency’s Obedient Humble Servant

Artemas Ward


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Cornelius D. Wynkoop, 3 May 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Wynkoop, Cornelius D.

Sir
New York, May 3th 1776

Since the Adjutant Generals Letter to you of the first Instant I have Reced from the Committee of Safety a Note of the Companies

belonging to Each Regt & the Places w[h]ere they are Stationd by which I find four of the Companies belonging to Colo. Clintons Regiment are at Fort Montgomery & Fort Constitution which will Answer the purposes intended when the Order was sent to you to repair thither which Order I now think proper to Countermand as I have Recd by Express from General Schuyler a letter wherein he Mentions the Necessity of having a Regt Stationd on the Communication betwixt Albany & Canada you will therefore Sir on Receipt hereof Repair to Albany & Obey such Orders as you may Receive from General Schuyler Respecting your Regiment. I am Sir Your Most Humle Servt

G.W.


Title: General Orders, 4 May 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, May 4th 1776
Parole Montreal.Countersign St Johns.

The weather proving wet and cold, the Regiments that did not encamp Yesterday, are to remain in the present quarters, until Monday Morning; when they are to march, and encamp upon the Ground assign’d them.
The undernam’d Officers are appointed by the General, to oversee the works laid out by the Engineer: Capt. Chapman of Col. Prescot’s Regiment; Lieut. Cole of Col. Wyllys’s Regiment; Lieut. Fish of Col. Larnard’s Regt; and Lieut. Goodall of Col. Reed’s Regiment.
The Colonels, or commanding Officers of regiments, are to be particular in obliging their Quarter Masters, constantly to attend to the cleaning the Streets of their encampment, and especially to the digging, and fixing the Necessaries, in the place appointed for that purpose; which are every morning to be lightly covered with fresh Earth, and at stated times filled up, and new

ones dug; To the end that all obnoxious, and unwholesome Smells, be prevented from infecting the camp, the Quarter Masters are also carefully to see all Filth and Carrion, in, or near their encampments, immediately buried.
The Honorable the Continental Congress, have been pleased to appoint William Palfrey Esqr., to be Pay Master General of the Army of the United-Colonies; he is to be respected, and obeyed as such.
Col. Parsons’s, and Col. Huntington’s Regiments, to be muster’d in the Front of their encampment, upon Tuesday morning next—They are to prepare their Rolls accordingly. The Muster Master General will attend at eight o’Clock.
William Winslow, Soldier in Capt. Johnson’s Company, in Col. McDougall’s regiment, tried at a late General Court Martial, whereof Col. Baldwin was President, for “Desertion,” is acquitted by the Court—The General orders the prisoner to be released from his confinement, and wishes he could add his approbation, of the proceedings of the court martial.


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 4 May 1776
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia May 4. 1776

A vacancy having happend in the first New Jersey batallion by the promotion of lieutenant Colonel Winds, the Congress thought proper to elect Mr Ogden to supply his place.
Lord Sterling in his letter of the 18th of March last, among other things, informed the Congress, that by this appointment Major de Hart and the batallion considered themselves “exceedingly hurt” and enclosing a memorial from Major de Hart and the officers of that regiment he strongly hinted & expressed a hope that the Congress would supersede Mr Ogden & appoint Major de Hart or some other officer of the batallion in his stead.
This letter with the memorials enclosed having been committed & a report made thereon the Congress came to sundry resolutions which I have the honour to enclose, and am Sr Your most Obedt servt

John Hancock Presidt

You will please to order Colo. Ogden to Join his Regimt.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Charles Lee, 4 May 1776
From: Lee, Charles
To: Washington, George

Dr General
Williamsburg May the 4th 1776

I am just return’d from Suffolk and the Posts below, and the Post is just going out; so that this must rather be consider’d as an apology for not writing than as a letter—in a few days I shall set out for Carolina, but before I set out shall send you a full description of our state and situation—We want arms Medcines and blankets most cruelly indeed We want some Battalions—I wish, Dr General You woud prevail on the Congress to increase the pay of our Engineers—it is too wretched—no Men qualify’d for the buszness will serve on the terms—inclosd is an uncouth return of our force—adieu, Dr General—Yours respectfully and affectionately

Charles Lee


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Henry Beekman Livingston, 4 May 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, Henry Beekman

Sir
Head Quarters New York 4th May 1776

You will on Receipt hereof give Orders to the Officers of the Battalion of which you are Lieutenant Colonel to Join their Respective Companies which if you do not find Compleat Let an

Officer from each go on the Recruiting Service & if in want of Arms you must apply to the Committee of safety to procure them for you if Possible—There are four Companies Belonging to your Regiment now Stationd at Fort Montgomery & Fort Constitution you will Repair thither & if no Superior Officer is there you must take the Command & look to the Works now Carying On there which you must Exert your Self in seeing Finish’d as soon as possible—the Three Companies of your Regt Stationd on long Island are to Remain there the Other Company you will Order to Join you at the Forts with all Convenient Speed. I am—Sir Your most Humbe Servt

G.W.


Title: General Orders, 5 May 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, May 5th 1776
Parole Franklin.Countersign Chace.

The commanding Officers of Regiments, to send a Return to the Quarter Master General, of the Armourers, and Smiths in their respective Corps, when such as are necessary for the service of the Army will be draughted.
Col. Wyllys’s, and Col. Arnold’s Regiments, are to be muster’d in the front of their encampment, upon Wednesday Morning next at eight o’clock, when the Commissary General of the Musters will attend.
The Officers commanding the Guards, in and near the encampment, are to be particularly attentive to prevent any waste, or depradation, being committed upon the Fields, Fences, Trees, or Buildings about the camp. Turf is not to be permitted to be cut, unless by the express orders of the Chief Engineer, and any non-commissioned Officer, or Soldier, who is detected cutting any of the Trees, or Shrubs, or destroying any of the Fences, near the camp, will be confined, and tried for disobedience

of orders. The Quarter Master General will supply a certain Quantity of boards for flooring, for the tents of every Regiment, which are upon no account to be converted to any other use.
The Officers, and Soldiers, order’d upon Command under Lieut. Col. Tupper, of which a Roll is this day deliver’d to the several Brigade Majors, are to be continued upon that Command until further Orders, and the Regiments they are severally draughted from, are to have an allowance in the Roll of duty accordingly.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel James Chambers, 5 May 1776
From: Chambers, James
To: Washington, George

[New] Utrecht [N.Y.] 5 May 1776. Sends “⟨one⟩ petter pillyous⟨e, who was taken yesterday coming⟩ from the Asia man of w⟨ar; he was taken by Mr.⟩ Docherty who Commanded ⟨the picket-guard at⟩ that time and will Let y⟨ou know the particulars⟩.”


Title: To George Washington from William Gordon, 5 May 1776 [letter not found]
From: Gordon, William
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from William Gordon, 5 May 1776. On 13 May GW wrote to Gordon: “I thank you for the Intelligence contain’d in your Letter of the 5th.”


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Thomas Grover, 5 May 1776
From: Grover, Thomas
To: Washington, George

New York, 5 May 1776. “When I red the letter Sent to me by your Excellencys order it Struck me with amasement to think I had Committd such a Crime that had so affronted your Excellency I therefore unfainedly & humbly ask your Excellencys forgiveness: as I hope to obtain it and also all my superior officers that is offended with me and promis to Submit myself to such orders as I shall receive from my superior officers and Chearfully obey them allso humbly ask for orders to Follow my Regiment or if it be more agreable to your Excellency to discharge me from the Continental Army I am willing to Submit to that altho I Could more Chearfully follow the Regiment.”


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 5 May 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir,
New York May 5th 1776.

I have so often, and so fully communicated my want of Arms to Congress that I should not have given them the trouble of receiving another Letter upon this Subject, at this time, but for the particular application of Colo. Wain of Pensylvania who has pointed out a method by which he thinks they may be obtain’d.
In the hands of the Committee of safety at Philadelphia, there are, According to Colo. Wain’s Acct, not less than two or three thousand stand of Arms for Provincial use; from hence, he thinks, a number might be borrowed by Congress; provided they are replaced with Continental Arms as they are brought into the Magazine in that City. At a crisis so important as this, such a loan might be attended with most signal advantages while the defenceless state of the Regimts, if no relief can be had, may be productive of fatal consequences.
To give Congress some Idea of our Situation with respect to Arms, (and justice to my own Character requires that it should be known to them, altho^ the World at large will form their opinion of our strength from numbers, without attending to circumstances) it may not be amiss to Inclose a Copy of a Return which I received a few days ago from the Forts in the Highlands, and add, that by a Report from Colo. Ritzema’s Regiment of the 29th Ulto there appeard to be only 97 Firelocks & Seven Bayonets belonging thereto, and that all the Regiments from the Eastward are deficient from Twenty to Fifty of the former.
Four of those Companies at the Fortification’s in the Highlands belong to Colo. Clintons Regiment, but in what condition the residue are, on acct of Arms & how Colo. Wynkoops Men are provided I cannot undertake to say, but am told most miserably; as Colo. Daytons (of New Jersey) and Colo. Wains (of Pensylvania) also are. This Sir is a true, tho^ melancholy description of our Situation—the propriety therefore of keeping Arms in Store when men in actual pay are wanting of them and who it is to be presumed will, as they ought, bear the heat and burthen of the day, is submitted with all due deference to the superior judgement of others.

I cannot, by all the enquiries I have been able to make, learn, what number of Arms have been taken from the Tories—where they lay—or how they are to be got at. The Committee of Safety for this Colony have assured me that no exertion’s of theirs shall be wanting to procure Arms, but our suffering’s in the meanwhile may prove fatal, as Men without are in a manner useless—I have therefore thought of Imploying an Agent, whose sole business it shall be to ride through the middle and interior parts of these Governments for the purpose of buying up such Arms as the Inhabitants may Incline to sell, and are fit for use.
The designs of the Enemy are too much behind the Curtain, for me to form any accurate opinion of their Plan of Operations for the Summers Campaign; we are left to wander therefore in the field of conjecture, and as no place—all its consequences considered—seemed of more Importance in the execution of their grand Plan than possessing themselves of Hudson’s River I thought it advisable to remove, with the Continental Army, to this City so soon as the Kings Troops evacuated Boston, but if the Congress from their knowledge, information, or belief, think it best for the general good of the Service that I should go to the Northward, or elsewhere, they are convinced I hope, that they have nothing more to do than signify by their Commands. With the greatest respect I have the honour to be Sir Yr Most Obedt & most Hble Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 5 May 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
New York May 5. 1776

I am honoured with your favor of the 30 Ulto and observe what Congress have done respecting the Settlement of the Paymasters accounts. This seems expedient as he is out of office, and I am certain will be attended with but little, if any difficulty, nothing more being necessary than to compare the Warrants with his Debits, and the receipts he has given with his Credits. I wish every other Settlement as easy, and that a Committee was appointed to examine & audit the Accounts upon which the Warrants are founded, particularly those of the Quarter Master & Commissary Generals—They are long, and of high amount, consisting of a variety of Charges, of course

more intricate and will require time and an extraordinary degree of attention to adjust and liquidate in a proper manner; upon this Subject I did myself the honor to write you a considerable time agoe.
Having had several complaints from the Officers in the Eastern Regiments, who have been & are engaged in recruiting, about the expence attending It, & for which they have never yet been allowed anything, Tho the Officers in these Governments have as I am informed, I shall be glad to know whether the allowance of 10/, granted to the Officers for every man Inlisted by the Resolve of Congress in ____ is general & Indiscriminate, or confined to the middle district; If General, must I have retrospect to the time of the Resolve and pay for the Services since, or only for future Inlistments?
In a Letter I wrote Congress the 25 of December I Inclosed one I had received from Jacob Bailey Esqr. about opening a Road from Newbury to Canada, I have received another of the 15 Ulto & from his Account & the Intelligence I have from others upon Inquiry, I have no doubt of the practicability of the measure, and am well informed that the distance will be considerably shortened; in so much that our people going from any part of the New England Governmts, Eastward of Connecticut River to Canada, or returning from thence Home, will perform their March in five or Six days less time than by coming or going any way now used; Add to this, that the road may be so conducted as It is said, as to go to the river Missisque from whence the Water Carriage to St Johns is good, except forty odd miles, or be carried so far to the Northward, as to keep clear of the Lakes altogether, & afford an easy pass into Canada at all Seasons. the advantages resulting from this Route being so great and important, I have advanced Colo. Bailey Two hundred & fifty pounds to begin with & directed him to execute his plan; no doubt It will require a more considerable advance to accomplish It, but that will be soon sunk. The expence saved from taking off Six days pay and Provisions from the Soldiers returning to the Eastward Governments at the expiration of this Campaign, will be almost, if not more than equal to the charge incurred in opening It. If not, as in all probability there will be often a necessity for sending detachments of our Troops

to Canada from those Governments & for Others to return, It will soon be repaid.
By a letter from General Schuyler of the 27 Uto I find Genl Thompson & his Brigade were at Albany—General Sullivan with the last, except three or four Companies of Col. Wayn’s Regiment not yet come, is embarked & gone, and probably will be soon there—I am apprehensive from General Schuylers account, they will not proceed with the wished for expedition, owing to a difficulty in getting Teams & provender for Cattle necessary to carry their Baggage & a scarcity of Batteaus at the Lakes for so large a number, tho he is taking the utmost pains to procure ’em—Shou’d they be stopped for any time, It will be exceedingly unfortunate, as their going from hence has weakened us here much, & our Army in Canada will not be strengthen’d. I have sent with the last Brigade Sixty Barrells of Powder & other Stores & Intrenching Tools, a Supply being asked for; also the Chain for a Boom at the Narrows of Richelieu, & the three Boxes of money brought by Mr Hanson, & have wrote Genl Schuyler to have the Boom fixed as soon as possible. The Commissary too has forwarded about Eight Hundred Barrells of Pork & is in expectation of a further quantity from Connecticut, which will go on without stopping here.
As the magazine from whence the Northern and Eastern Armies will occasionally receive supplies of powder, will probably be here, and our Stock is low and inconsiderable being much reduced by the Sixty Barrels sent to Canada, I shall be glad to have a quantity immediately forwarded—Our Stores shou’d be great, for If the Enemy make an Attack upon the Town or attempt to goe up the North River, the expenditure will be very considerable—Money too is much wanted, the Regiments that are paid have only received to the first of April, except those of Pensylvania & Jersey which are gone to Canada; they are paid to the last of April. By a Letter from Genl Ward I find his Chest is just exhaustd; the money which was left with him for the payment of the Five Regiments at Boston & Beverley being almost expended by large drafts in favor of the Commissary & Quarter Master, and in fitting out the Armed Vessells—I wou’d here ask a question, to Wit, Whether as Mr Warren’s Commission is Superseded by Mr Palfreys appointment, It will

not be necessary to fix upon some person to pay the Troops there, or are the payments to goe thro his hands—he does not Incline to do any thing in the Affair without the direction of Congress.
I have Inclosed you a Return of the last Brigade detached, & also of the Forces remaining here—And as It is a matter of much importance to know the whole of our Strength from time to time, & to see It at one view, for regulating our movements with propriety, I wish It were a direction from Congress to the Commanding Officers in the different districts to make monthly returns to the Commander in Cheif of the Continental Army, of the state of the Troops in their departments, and also of the military Stores. such direction will probably make ’em more attentive than they Otherwise wou’d be—I cou’d not get a Return of the Army in Canada all last year.
I beg leave to lay before Congress a Copy of the proceedings of a Court Martial upon Lieutenant Grover of the 2d Regiment and of his defence—which I shou’d not have troubled them with, had I not conceived the Courts Sentence upon the Facts stated in the proceedings, of a singular nature, to be by no means adequate to the enormity of his Offence, & to be of exceeding dangerous and pernicious tendency; upon those principles I thought It my duty to transmit the Proceedings to them in order that they may form such a Judgement upon the facts stated as they may conceive right & Just, and advancive of the public good—At the same time I wou’d mention to Congress, that I think It of material consequence that they shou’d pass a Resolve cutting of the right of succession in the military line from one Rank to Another which is claimed by many upon the happening of vacancies, (upon which Principle this Offence seems to have originated in a great measure, and the extraordinary Judgement in this instance to be founded), declaring that no Succession or promotion can take place upon any vacancy, without a Continental Commission giving & authorizing It—It is of much consequence to check and entirely Suppress this opinion & Claim which is becoming too prevalent, and has an obvious tendency to introduce mutiny and disorder: or If they conceive the claim good & that It shou’d take place that they will declare It so, that the Point may be settled & known in future.

I have the honor to be with Sentiments of the highest respect Sir Your Most Obedt Servant

Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 6 May 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, May 6th 1776
Parole Virginia.Countersign Lee.

The Colonels, and commanding Officers of Regiments are again reminded, of the propriety of immediately providing their men with cloathing, and necessaries; that they may be ready to march, or embark, upon the shortest notice; The General wishes to impress this strongly, upon the minds of the Colonels; because no Excuse will be taken to delay their departure, the moment that it becomes necessary. It is recommended to those Corps which are not already supplied with Uniforms, to provide hunting Shirts for their men.
Colonel Hands, and Col: Littles Regiments, to be mustered upon Thursday morning at Long-Island: The Colonels to acquaint Commissary General Moylan with the places where, and

the hour when, it is most convenient for the mustering, and to provide their Rolls accordingly.


Title: To George Washington from Adam Babcock, 6 May 1776
From: Babcock, Adam
To: Washington, George

Sir
New Haven May 6. 1776

I heard a few Days since that your Excellency had fitted out an Armed Vessel under the Command of Capt. Perrit to Cruise to the Southward—should that be the Case—I beg leave to propose that a Vessel I have fitted out commanded by Capn Brooks may go out in Company with Her, which will make them both quite secure against any Thing they may chance to meet with in getting off the Coast, except they should fall in with a Man of War.
The little Vessel I have fitted Mounts 6 three Pounders with Swivels Blunderbusses & small Arms for 50 Men which She carries, and is already Man’d—and is a Prime Sailor—will Sail the beginning of next Week—but will wait till Thursday for your Excellency’s Vessel—If in the mean Time I am informed that She will be ordered here and to keep Company with my Vessel till both are clear of the Coast. I have the Honour to be with the greatest Respect & Regard Your Excellency’s most obedient & most humble Servant

Adam Babcock


Title: To George Washington from Preeson Bowdoin, 6 May 1776
From: Bowdoin, Preeson
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philada May 6th 1776

Capt. Matthews was some time last Fall sent a prisoner by Lord Dunmore, in a Sloop from Norfolk bound to Boston, but on the passage was retaken by the Lee privateer, & carried into some part of New England, this Gentleman since his Return to Virginia told me that he had inform’d your Excellency that the Sloop in which he was retaken had been partly the property of myself & Brother, but unjustly seiz’d by Capt. Collins, & that you told him if I would prove the property you would have her paid for, this I shall be able very amply to do by some papers I expect from Virginia next Post. if your Excellency can find time from your more important Business, shall esteem it a favour if you will inform me whether it will be necessary for me to come to N. York myself or whether sending the papers will do. your answer will much oblige Sir your mo. Obdt Servt

Preeson Bowdoin


Title: To George Washington from Nicholas Cooke, 6 May 1776
From: Cooke, Nicholas
To: Washington, George

Sir
Providence May 6. 1776

Your Excellency’s Favor in which you assure me that you will recommend this unhappy Colony to the Continental Congress hath been laid before the General Assembly, to whom it gave great Satisfaction.

I inclose you a Copy of Colo. Babcock’s Dismission. The Office of Brigadier General is still kept vacant, in Hopes that the Brigade will be put upon the Continental Establishment, and that a Commander in Chief will be appointed by Congress.
I also inclose a Copy of an Act discharging the Inhabitants of this Colony from Allegiance to the King of Great Britain; which was carried in the House of Deputies after a Debate with but six dissentient Voices, there being upwards of Sixty Members present. I may also inform your Excellency that the Delegates from this Colony are instructed and authorized to join with the major Part of the Delegates, in entering into Treaty with any Prince, State or Potentate for the Security of the Colonies, and to adopt any other Measures that may be thought prudent and effectual. This Instruction passed Nem: Con.
The Lower House afterwards passed a Vote for taking the Sense of the Inhabitants at large upon the Question of Independence, but the Upper House having represented to them, that it would probably be discussed in Congress before the Sense of the Inhabitants could be taken and transmitted to the Delegates: in which Case the Colony would lose their Voice, as the Delegates would be laid under the Necessity of waiting for Instructions from their Constituents, and further observed that the Delegates when they should receive a Copy of the Vote renouncing Allegiance to the British King, and their Instructions, could not possibly be at a Loss to know the Sentiments of the General Assembly. Upon this the matter was dropped.
I have the Satisfaction also to inform Your Excellency that at a very full Town-Meeting of the Inhabitants of Newport held last Monday, it was unanimously voted to enter into the Defense of the Town, and last Thursday a considerable Body of them began to work upon the Fort to be erected upon Brenton’s Point. This happy Event I have great Hopes will make us an united People, and root up every Seed of Disaffection in the Colony.
I take the Liberty once more to press Your Excellency in behalf of the Colony, the Defence of which must be abandoned unless we receive Assistance from the Congress. I am with great Respect Sir Your most obedient, and most humble Servant

Nichs Cooke

P.S. By this Day’s Post I have forwarded to Mr Hopkins an Instruction from the General Assembly directing him to make immediate Application to Congress to put our Troops upon the Continental Establishment.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Alexander McDougall, 6 May 1776
From: McDougall, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Sir
New York May [6] 1776

The Officers of the four Battalions raised last Year in this Colony have been allowed but a single Ration; nor have they had any allowance for billetting Money even while they were recruiting. The Expences they were exposed to in the Northern Campaign were great; far beyond those in the English Colonies; owing to the high Charges attending the Carriage of the Necessaries they wanted on that Service; which they were Subject to, as there were not boats sufficient on the Lake to Transport Stores for them. This occasioned them to fall a Prey to the Avarice of the Suttlers. They are making frequent applications to the Convention, Committee of Safety; and to me, for an allowance of Rations; or billetting to Compensate for those Expences; or to put them on the same footing with the other Continental Troops, who served at Cambridge; but we are utterly at a Loss how to settle with them for this demand, as we are destitute of any Rule for it. I must therefore beg your Excellency, to inform me, what Rations were allowed at Cambridge, to the

Officers of the Army; in order that the settlement with the Officers of those Battalions may be made. It is with no small Reluctance I trouble the General with this Request. But I hope the pressing Nature of the Case, (as a settlement of this matter will be advancive the Reputation of the Service;) will be a sufficient apology for Your Excellency’s very humble servant

Alexr McDougall


Title: From George Washington to the New York Committee of Safety, 6 May 1776
From: Washington, George
To: New York Committee of Safety

Gentn
New York May 6. 1776

I beg leave to refer to your examination Joseph Blanchard & Peter Puillon who were yesterday apprehended, the former on suspicion of carrying on a correspondence with persons on board the King Ships, the Latter of having supplied them with some provision in violation of & contrary to the regulations which have been adopted for preventing such practices. There are witnesses against both which are ordered to waite on you, and also some papers found in possession of Mr Blanchard, which though previous to your resolves in point of date, Indicate an Intimacy between him and Col. Fanning, the Secretary, to whom I am told he has wrote since their publication & his Knowledge of them. I am Gentn with great esteem Yr Most H. Servt.

Go: Washington

P.S. Capn Gibbs will deliver the papers.


Title: To George Washington from Philip Van Rensselaer, 6 May 1776
From: Van Rensselaer, Philip
To: Washington, George

Sir
Albany May 6. 1776

I think it my Indispensible duty to acquaint You that the small Arms now in the store unfit for service, Cannot be made fit for service this season by the Armorers in this place & the Neighbouring places—I aply’d to General Thompson for his Armorers, but he was of Oppinion that they would be wanted in Canada—I therefore give you this Early notice, & beg that some Armorers may be Sent as soon as possible to repair the public arm⟨s.⟩ Great numbers of the troops that Comes from N. York have arms unfit for service and numbers with out any at all. I am your most Humble servt

P.V. Rensselaer


Title: General Orders, 7 May 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, May 7th 1776.
Parole Devonshire.Countersign Cavendish.

Every Regiment encamped in the Line, and every Regiment in the Brigade, upon Long-Island, exclusive of their Quarter, and Rear-Guards; are to mount a picquet every evening at Retreat beating, at Sun-sett; consisting of one Captain, two Subalterns, three Serjeants, one Drum, one Fife, and fifty Rank and File; They are to lay upon their Arms and be ready to turn out at a minute’s notice. One Colonel, one Lieut. Colonel, and one Major, to mount every evening at sun set, as Field Officers of the picquet: Immediately upon any Alarm, or Order from

the Brigadier General of the day, the picquets are to form in the front of their respective encampments, and there wait the Orders of the Field Officer commanding the picquet—The Field Officer commanding the picquet, is instantly to obey the Orders of the Brigadier General of the day.
A Brigadier General to mount every morning, at Ten O’Clock, who will receive all reports, visit all the out guards in the day time, and report all extraordinaries to the Commander in Chief.
A Brigade Major of the day, is constantly to attend Head Quarters, to receive all extraordinary Orders, and to distribute them immediately to the brigades.
The Colonel, Lieut. Colonel, and Major of the same picquet; the former to go the Grand rounds and the two latter the visiting rounds of the camp.
Brigadier General Greene, will order the same picquet to be mounted by the Regiments, in his Brigade, as are mounted by those in the Grand-Camp; he will also direct, one Field Officer to mount daily, to command them—Genl Greene will report all extraordinaries to the Commander in Chief.
Col. Prescot, or Officer commanding upon Nutten, or Governors Island, and the officer commanding at Red-hook to report all extraordinaries to the Commander in Chief; upon any appearance of an enemy, the commanding Officer at Red-hook will also dispatch a messenger to Genl Greene.
The Officer commanding the Riffle-men upon Long-Island, will constantly report all extraordinaries to Brigadier Genl Greene, and the Officer commanding upon Staten-Island, will do the same to the Commander in Chief.


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 7 May 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
New York May 7. 1776

At a quarter after Seven this Eveng, I received by Express a Letter from Thos Cushing Esqr., Chairman of a Committee of the Honorable Genl Court, covering one to them from the Committee of Salem, Copies of which I do myself the Honor to lay before Congress, that they may Judge of the Intelligence contained therein, and direct such measures to be taken upon the occasion as they may think proper and necessary. I wou’d observe, that supposing Captn Lees account to be true in part, I think there must be a mistake either in the number of Troops or the Transport Ships; If there are no more Ships than what are mentioned It is certain there can not be so many Troops, of this however Congress can Judge as well as myself, and I submit It to them, whether upon the whole of the circumstances & the uncertainty of their destination If they were seen at all, they chuse that any forces shall be detached from hence, as they will see from the Returns transmitted Yesterday that the number of men now here is but small and inconsiderable & what is to be regretted, no small part of those without Arms—Perhaps by dividing & Subdividing our force too much we shall have no one post sufficiently guarded—I shall wait their direction & whatever their order is, shall comply with It as soon as possible. I have the honor to be with much respect sir Yr Most Hble Servt

Go: Washington

P.S. I have by the Express a Letter from Genl Ward containg a Similar Acct to that from the Salem Come, & by way of Capn Lee.
Shou’d the Commissioners arrive which are mentioned How are they to be received & treated? I wish the direction of Congress upon the Subject by return of the Bearer.


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 7 May 1776
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia May 7th 1776.

Since I wrote you by Mr Palfrey on the 30th of last Month, I have not been honored with any Commands from Congress relative to your Letters, except the enclosed Resolve which I am ordered to forward to you. I have the Honour to be Sir your most obedt and very humble Servant

John Hancock Presidt


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Alexander McDougall, 7 May 1776
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

Sir
New York May 7. 1776

I received your favor upon the Subject of Rations and agreable to your request have Inclosed a List of Rations allowed the Officers of the Regiments before Boston—those in service the 1st of July have been allowed from that time, Others appointed to Office since, from the dates of their Commissions.
Having never given any direction about the Officers alluded to, or any Others except those that were immediately under my command I wou’d observe that I do not mean to do It in this instance, as they were acting in a distinct & different district. I am Sir &c.

G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Isaac Nicoll, 7 May 1776
From: Nicoll, Isaac
To: Washington, George

May it Please your Excellency
Fort Constitution [N.Y.]May 7th 1776

I Recieved your two letters of April 25th and May the 4th the 5th of this Instant, your Excellancy may rest Asshured that I shall do Every thing in my power to Forward the Works. it would be of great Service if the Congress would Order a Few Hogshead of Rum hear so that the Fateauged party might have a gill a peace ⅌ Day as the Fateauge is hard, My Orders are that Every Man Except the Sick, Lame, those on Guard and those last releaved work Every Day.
There is a number of Toreys Sent to Fort Montgomery from Dutches County by Order of the County Convention to be put to hard Labour till the further Order of the Convention—I have Ordered the Commanding Officer their if Any more of these disaffected People should be sent theire not to recieve them, Or send them to Fort Constitution, as I think it Rong to send so many of those People to a Garrison that is so weak, and it remains, a doubt with me as they are our Prissoners whether we should oblidge them, to do Hard Labour, or not, I hope your Excellancy will be pleased to give me some directions about them, one of those Disaffected People Told me Yesterday that the report about Capt. Menus’s going away was False and that he lived near him. I am Your Excellencys most Obedient and very Humble servt

Isaac Nicoll Com. Ofcr


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Benedict Arnold, 8 May 1776
From: Arnold, Benedict
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Montreal May 8th 1776.

Your favour of the 3d April I received a few days since & should have Answered by the last Post but was obliged to go to Chambly to give Directions about some Gondeloes building there. I heartily Congratulate you, on the success of your Arms against Boston & am sorry it is not in my power to give you a

more pleasing Accot of our Affairs in this Country, which wear no very favourable aspect at present. Genl Thomas arrived here about  days since & has joined the Army before Quebec. General Wooster is disgusted & expected here daily. Our Army Consists of few more than Two thousand Effective Men, & twelve hundred sick & unfit for duty chiefly with the small Pox which is universal in the Country. We have very little Provs. No Cash, & less Credit & until the arrival of the heavy Cannon & two Mortars from Cambridge Our Artillery has been triffling; the Mortars I expect will reach Camp tomorrow & shells can be supplied from three Rivers. I hope they will have the desired Effect. the want of Cash has greatly retarded Our Opperations in this Country. We are fortifying two very Important Posts which Command the River at Richilieu, fifteen Leagues above Quebec and at Jacques Cartier which commands a pass between two Mountains eleven Leagues above Quebec: If succours should arrive before we can possess ourselves of Quebec I hope we shall be able to Maintain these two Posts until a reinforcement Arrives to our Assistance, which we are told are on their way here. these are the only Posts that secure the River, until you approach near Montreal and of so much consequence, that Nothing but superiour numbers will oblige us to abandon them.
I have mounted three 24 Pounders on a Gundaloe & Armed several Battoes, which go down the River tomorrow. these with a schooner mounting Ten Guns & a Gundaloe Mounting One twelve Pounder are all the Force we have in the River. four other Gondaloes are building at Chambly calculated to Mount three heavy pieces of Cannon. but will not be compleated these two weeks. tomorrow I set off for the Army with no very Agreable prospects before me. should the enemy receive any considerable reinforcement soon, I make no Doubt, we shall have our hands full. at any rate we will do all that can be expected from Raw Troops, badly cloathed and fed, & worse paid, & without Dicipline. & trust the event to Providence. We have received advice that the 8th Regt of about 400 Men with a number of Savages are coming down from the Upper Countries. I have Posted 500 Men at the Cedars a Narrow pass 15 Leagues above this place. they have two pieces Cannon & well entrenched by which the Enemy must pass.

I have only time to beg you will Accept my best wishes & respectful Compliments & make the same to the Gentn of your family. I am most respectfully Dr General Your Obt & very Hble Servt

Benedt Arnold


Title: From George Washington to Adam Babcock, 8 May 1776 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Babcock, Adam

Letter not found: to Adam Babcock, 8 May 1776. Babcock’s letter to GW of 6 May is endorsed in Stephen Moylan’s writing: “Ansd the 8th 1776.”


Title: To George Washington from Major General John Thomas, 8 May 1776
From: Thomas, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Head-Quarters Point de Chambault 8th May 1776

Immediately on my arrival at the camp before Quebec, which was on the first instant, I examined into the state of the army, and found by the returns there were 1900 men. Of this number only a 1000 were fit for duty, Officers included; the remainder were Invalids, chiefly confined with the small pox. Three hundred of the effective were Soldiers whose inlistments expired the 15th Ultimo, many of whom peremptorily refused duty, and all were very importunate to return home; and two hundred others engaged for the year, had received the infection of the small pox by inoculation, & wou’d in a short time be in the Hospitals. Several posts were necessary to be supported by the small number able to do duty, at such distances from each other, that by means of Rivers and other obstructions, not more than 300 men could be rallied to the relief of any one post, should it be attacked by the whole force of the enemy.
In all our magazines there were but 150 lb. of powder, nor more than six days provision; the French Inhabitants (as I hinted in my last) much disaffected, so that supplies of any kind were obtained with great difficulty from them.

Considering these & many other disagreable circumstances, I thought it expedient to call a council of war, and the council, consisting of Brigdr Genl Wooster, and all the Field Officers in camp, after mature deliberation were unanimously of opinion that, as upon the first arrival of any reinforcement to the enemy, all communication by the River would inevitably be cut off by their armed vessels, it was absolutely necessary for the safety of the Invalids, immediately to remove them to the Three Rivers, and to collect the Artillery and other stores, in order to move them & the army further up the River, as soon as it could conveniently be done, to secure some posts where there would be a prospect of resisting with success. This was on the 5th Instant, and in the evening of the same day I received certain intelligence of fifteen ships being 40 leagues below Quebec. Early the next morning five of them appeared in sight, and the wind and tide being favorable, they soon arrived before the City. We were at this time employed in carrying the sick on board the Batteaux, removing the Artillery &c. the enemy in landing their Troops, & as the event shews in preparing to make a sallie. Our movements were retarded by the change, the arrival of these vessels produced in the Inhabitants; for they would neither furnish us with teams, nor afford us the least assistance, but kept themselves concealed.
About one o’clock a considerable body of the enemy attacked our Centries & Main guard, in consequence of which I instantly ordered the Troops under arms, detached a party to support the main-guard, which was now coming off in good order. By the best Judgement I could make, the enemy were a thousand strong, formed into two divisions, in columns six deep.
The most that we could collect at this time on the Plains did not exceed a quarter of that number with one field piece, whereas the enemy were supported with a train of six pieces of Cannon. No entrenchments had been thrown up, nor any lines formed which would serve for a cover; we had no place of retreat, if we had been overpowered with numbers; that a defeat would have been decisive against the whole army in this encampment, and victory would have given us no considerable advantages, as the enemy might securely have retreated to their Garrison, and their Shipping entirely commanded the River. This being our situation, rather than contend on so unequal

ground, with so little probab⟨il⟩ity of reaping emolument by the contest, by advice of the Field Officers present, I gave orders for the army to march up the River, as far as this place, where the greater part came up yesterday. On my arrival I without delay called a council of war, a copy of the determinations of which I have enclosed, as I have of that held in camp before Quebec. The result of this council was, as your Excellency will see, to advance still further up the River, and was founded on several reasons, some of which I will suggest. The ships of war were hastning forward with all possible dispatch, and had already got up to Jacques-Cartier, between two or three leagues distant from hence; we had no cannon to prevent their passing the falls of Richelieu, (the only advantageous post to fortify for this purpose.) Our provision would not more than subsist the army for two or three days. We should, therefore, labor under the same disadvantages at Dechambault as before Quebec, the men of war would run up the River, intercept all our resources, & soon oblige us to decamp.
I shall, however, send the Invalids forward, and remain here myself with about 500 men, untill I receive advices from Montreal, whether such supplies can be dispatched immediately, as will enable me to defend this post.
The cannon in the Batteaux were taken, and near two Tons of powder, which Genl Schuyler had forwarded by Lieunt Colo. Allen were unfortunately intercepted by a Frigate, before it reached the camp.
I hope my conduct in these transactions will meet with your Excellency’s approbation. I have kept the importance of the cause in view, and acted according to the best of my understanding. I do not mean to reflect on any Gentleman who has had the command in this department, but in my ideas of war, as there was nothing which promised success in the issue, it wou’d have been highly proper to have made this movement some weeks past. I am, with great respect Your Excellency’s Most obedient Hble Servant

Jno. Thomas


Title: General Orders, 9 May 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, May 9th 1776
Parole Rockingham.Countersign Saville.


Title: To George Washington from Landon Carter, 9 May 1776
From: Carter, Landon
To: Washington, George

My Good General
Sabine Hall, May 9. 1776.

If ever friendship gave vigor to the nerves of declining Age it will do it now—to enable me to acknowledge the receipt of your Favor March 27. I assure you I endorsed it the history of the evacuation of Boston. A mere Magnum in Parvo; and I read it with great pleasure to all our friends around. Permit me to say that you have made good the Prediction of my first acquaintance

with you. A Gentleman as free from reprehension deserved, as I was acquainted with; and when you stept in to Public, I left the Euge’s of your conduct, to the margins of my own books, to be read by those who Study good Characters; and every Tempanius of Rome in the days of the Volci, had a G.W. against it, whilst every rash Braddock, markd an Unfortunate Sempronius to preserve his remembrance. Go on my Dear Sir, and impress on every memory, “the man who resolved never to forget the Citizen in the General.” Would to God that such Virtue existed in the Councils of the present day! that the quiet & happiness of our community, may never be impeded by the forgetfulness of the Citizen in the rulers, wch may turn up! I pray to God for it, because I think the language of the Times, seems to have forgotten, on what Principles this otherwise Unaccountable Unanimity at first Originated. I say unaccountable, for who could have dreamt, that when Province, was in full rage agst Province, not only for territory, but even for trade, and that not thro’ the Ambition of excelling each other. When even Colonies, were eternally venting their internal reprobations agst each other, Rivers agst Rivers, and Creeks and Runs divided in their social happiness; I say who could have ever expected to see such a Continent, so cordially united, as to resist possibly the greatest Power on earth! Certainly nothing but the fear of being enslaved from one end to the other of their extensive boundary, ever could have produced so mere a Prodigy! And must not heaven have hitherto indicated their several modes of Preservation! Yes my friend and without flattery I say it, time will discover that your social Virtue, has (like the one Pompey of old in the Style of Cicero) been the favourd means of so much good to your Country; for I cannot help fortelling, that where you cannot be present, with your humanity, discipline forecast and Prudence, we shall still be at a loss; for believe me I think that in general we are too much tinctured with either the interest or the Vanity wch most of us acquire from our cradles. I speak as from my self, it has cost me more labour to Conquer such habits, than ever Hercules had: Such an Augean stable is the whole world almost! May then this truely sublime complimt be paid to every man on Public duty, “that he was a Master of himself.” I am satisfied you must conclude what I allude to, therefore I will not trouble you with any stricture on the jargon

of the times. I only wish that every one was, as you have shewn yourself to be, not so much in quest of Praise and emolument to yourself, as of real good to your fellow creatures.
As to news, you must be nearer to its fountain head than I am, if America can be said to have such a place at the time. I can only say A few Gentlemen from Richmond & Essex, have retaken a Prize that a Dunmore Tender impudently came, and took at Hobbs hole (a mere Nest of Tories). As soon as it was known they pursued her in Open boats amidst showers of Swivel balls & bullets; & had well nigh taken the Tender as well as the prize; but she was so well provided against boarding, that it was impossible for low sided boats to get on board. An attempt was made to graple at her stern, in wch the only man, a poor slave was wounded & lost. We have heard since that we killd he⟨r⟩ 7 men, some attempted to Peep at our boats through her netting; and they it is imagind were instantly shot. A brisk gail carryed her away; but it is said An armd Vessel from Maryland took her in the bay, after killing 17 men more; and from that report we have heard of the 7 we killed but I know not the truth of it[.] Genl Lee has gone on some secret expedition nobody knows where; & with a tolerable force of men fit for such business this also but report. Our Papers must certainly tell you more than I can do[.] I could have wishd, that ambition had not so visibly siezed so much ignorance, all over the Colony as it seems to have done; for this Present Convention abounds with too many of the inexperienced creatures to navigate our bark on this dangerous coast; so that I fear the few skilful Pilots who have hitherto done tolerably well to keep her clear from destruction, will not be able to Conduct her with Common Safety any longer; and as this injury has extended even to some members of the congress, who certainly must issue from the Vote of the people to Convention, in August next who shall we have there? I need only tell you of one definition that I heard of Independency; It was expected to be a form of Government, that by being independt of the rich men eve[r]y man would then be able to do as he pleasd. And it was with this expectation they sent the men they did, in hopes they would plan such a form. One of the delegates I heard exclaim agst the Patrolling law, because a poor man was made to pay for keeping a rich mans Slaves in order. I shamed the fool so much for ⟨it⟩ that he slunk

away; but he got elected by it[.] Another actually in a most seditious manner, resisted the draughting the Militia by lot, to be ready for any immediate local emergency; and he got first returnd that way. When we usd Legislation, such rascals would have been turnd out; but now, it is not to be supposd, tht a dog will eat a dog. I know who I am writing to, and therefore I am not quite so confind in my expressions, for a more decent language would not explain my meaning so well. And from hence it is that our independency is to arise! Papers it seems are every where circulating about for poor ignorant Creatures to sign, as directions to their delegate⟨s⟩ to endeavour at an independency. In vain do we ask to let it be explain’d, what is design’d by it! If the form of government is to Preserve Justice, Order, Peace and freedom I beleive there are few who would refuse; but when these only modes of Social happiness, are left so much Concealed, or not toucht upon in the least, what sensible creature ought to trust an ignorant representative to do what he pleases, under a notion of leaving his Constituents independent? It is often asked, whether the present measures in G. B. speak any freedom in the reconciliation Proposd? And I answer always No, but far from it. But may we not ask among our selves Whe[ther] the modes we are in, Can speak the least happiness, Peace, or freedom? Thus has a word unluckily thrown out, Possessed the minds of rather too many, When if it had been Properly explaind, from those in whose wisdom we have confided, things might have been seriously, and Soberly Considered; and then some good form of Government might possibly have been the result. I have read with much attention a Pamphlet stiled Thoughts on Government. The Author sees with my self, many evils that may possibly attend his Proposal; but perhaps from too great a confidence, in the Presumd Parallel between corporeal and Political bodies, he is for leaving the remedies against them, to times of more tranquility; no doubt concluding that Nature will be as active in the operations of the latter as she generally is in the former. But here from really a long experience in both; and without vanity I say a successful one, I beg leave to mould in my Modest negative. If the evil or morbidity of the corporal, has not detoned or mortally affected the organic or Mechanic parts of the structure, then, by a removal of the Cause the effect must cease, because Nature has so

constituted the several Powers. But the evils or corruptions attendt on the body Politic, must first have greatly depraved the mental Powers, before they can have produced that willingness or disposition to social disorders. In ⟨illegible⟩, I mean that the common temptations, or the natural Passions may induce a disorder, that a tranquil waiting the effects of nature from its Causa Causarum, eternally active, unless Prevented as before, will most Probably remove a disease; but in the other instead of a nature, destined to assist you by the Author of being, or causa causarum, You must have a second nature vicious in all its distinctions, to contend agst. Therefore I say Principiis Obsta prevent such evils in the very beginning, or never expect to do it at All. O! for a small respite from the Colic, that I might hint a mode (radically as it were) to Prevent the Principal evil! But convulsd as I am I will endeavour to scratch it out: Dr George if you cant read it throw it to the Nasty Goddess.
Without desiring the Gallows for Murdering Warburton, as Common Sense has done as well as the Scriptures about Society, Government, and what not, I will only premise that no Government can be really permanent in happiness, where it does not originate from among the people to be governd. To Prevent the Corruption of these then, is the point. Let who will compare it to Virgils hic labor hoc opus, I think it may be done, by stifling the fascination in the Person using it, rather than in the Person receiving it. Every candidate therefore for an election from among the People, should undergo some kind of formal, or temporary lustrum, or lustration, neither directly or indirectly by himself or others to attempt to deceive or allure (by lies or other Species of bribery), the People to his interest, and this by some expressive oath or Public Solemnity as soon he sets up to be elected. I well remember an oath, wch, besides the oaths to Government, existed in Sr W. Gooches day, before a seat (tho elected) Could be filld; And I well remember that Fox tampering with many, to get it abolishd, and at last in the Year 1734 it was effected, on this simple Plea, that it was a reflection on men of Virtue, to be bound by oaths to duty. I impudently Set forth in Parkes Paper, that the same Plea would be equally as good agst all oaths and every restrictive law whatever. However Gooche knew it would open a Wicket to Corruption, & it was abolished; and from that view let the Journals be serchd, I

am certain more rascally things have been attempted & carried than ever were before in the country. I hint this on the side of Candidate, & on the side of Electors, if they were sworn agst Corruption I ⟨illegible⟩ see it can be amiss. Some fancy it a hurt to religion but I really differ; make a man honest witht doors, and the fear of detection with a heavy punishment annext, will make him incline to be so within. If some such thing is not done, in Vain shall we hope either for Liberty, Peace or Safety long, because it is too evident that the present idea of gain, is the very Parent of Ambition; and no fool can blush whilst he is in a way of filling his own Pocket; Let his ignorance be what it will, that is his main Chance, and he has no other in view. I suppose I have written enough to keep your fingers clean, should I have ⟨illegible⟩ a motion. And so Permit me to conclude, Dr Sr Your very respectful Well wis⟨her⟩ & real friend

Landon Carter

Lee is returnd witht doing anything It seems he prudtly went to reconnoiter Dunmore’s intrenchments, & found them not only strongly fortified by land in all the accessible places, but merely baricaded on the water. However a few tories that were furnishing him assistance have pd for it in their goods & chattels. I am oblg’d to you for your kindness. I am not able to afford him the cash necessary to attend a Genl so my grandson, his father and myself can only thank yo. for hinting the opportunity we might have.


Title: From George Washington to Major Christopher French, 9 May 1776 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: French, Christopher

Letter not found: to Major Christopher French, 9 May 1776. French’s letter to GW of April 1776 is endorsed in Stephen Moylan’s writing: “ansd 9th May 1776.”


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 9 May 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir,
New York. May 9th 1776.

When I was on the Road from Cambrid[g]e to this Place, I received a Letter from a Gentleman who subscribed it, Le Baron de Colbiac. He therein mentions that he was a Captain of Dragoons in the French Service, that he comes to offer his Service to the United Colonies, that he attempted to come about the latter End of November, was taken by an English Frigate commanded by Capt. Young with 160 Fuses & 20 Barrels of Powder, that he got his Liberty thro the Friendship of Captn Young, got to Dominique, from thence to Guadaloupe, took Passage again on Board of a Vessel bound to Philadelphia or New London, which by contrary Winds was obliged to put into Bedford Harbour to the Eastward. He has a Pass from the Governor of Guadaloupe, which gives him his Title. He desires a Line to you from me, & what I have mentioned is all I know of the Bearer. I am respectfully Sir your most hble Ser.

Go. Washington.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Artemas Ward, 9 May 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Ward, Artemas

Sir
Newyork 9th May 1776

Your Letters of the 27 & 28 ultimo Came in Course to hand, I am glad that you have given your attention to the works, which I doubt not, are by this time Completed. it will give me pleasure to hear that they are, for should these accounts of Hessian & Hanoverian Troops Comeing over prove true, it is possible the enemy may make some attempts to regain a footing in your Province.
I have represented to Congress, the want you was in for Cash, to which I have not yet received an answer, when I do, you Shall be informd thereof—the account you give of the vessels at Beverly being unfit for the Service, Surprizes me prodigiously, I was taught to believe, very differently of the Ship Jenny, by Commodore Manly & Captain Bartlett, who you Mention to have given you their opinion of them. the Brigte from Antigua was allso thought very fit to arm.
Doctor Browns Accounts are more immediatly in the Director General of the Hospital department, when he arrives here, I shall give them to him, for his Inspection—Mr Singletarry account is easily Settl’d, as he has the Commissarys Receipt for the Arms, if the account of the Cost of the arms was more particular, it woud be more regular and Satisfactory.
a Letter is just Come to my hand. from Winthrop Serjeant Esqr. Agent for the Navy at Glouchester, he says there are Some women & Children whom he is obliged to mentain at the Continental expence allso a number of men taken in Some of the Last prizes, you will please to examin into their Situation—if prisoners of war, they Shoud be Sent to Some Inland place & Confind, if Tories, the General Court are the proper persons to take Cognizance of them[.] I See by the public prints that the prizes at Beverly are to be Sold the 20th instant, as by the

obstructions put on Commerce in General, there may appear but few purchasers for the vessels, of Course they may be Sold vastly under their value, I think You had best have some person in whom you Can Confide present, at the Sale, with power to purchass the Large Ship, & the Brig. from Antigua, if he finds them going very much under their value, it is not above two or three years Since the Ship Cost £3000 Steg[.] She is to be Sure Somthing the worse for the wear, & I believe, is not remarkably well found at present as she has been pilag’d for the use of our arm’d vessels which must make a Considerable abatement of her value—the Brigantine is I Suppose in the Same predicament, but a good judge will easily Know their value—Wm Watson Esqr. of Plymouth advises that the prizes, Norfolk & Happy return, are Condemnd & desires I woud apoint a day for Sale of them & their Cargoes. this you will please to do, Letting them be advertizd in the papers at Least a fortnight before the Sale—I am Sir Your most H: Sert

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Artemas Ward, 9 May 1776
From: Ward, Artemas
To: Washington, George

Sir
Boston 9 May 1776.

By Mr Harrison’s Letter of the second Instant, I am acquainted that you have been informed “the Regiments stationed on Dorchester Heights and Bunker Hill have not been employed in carryin[g] on the works for the defence of Boston,”

which Representation is an injurious falsehood; and I beg to be informed who made it. I have paid the strictest attention to your Instructions, and constantly employed the Men to the greatest advantage in forwarding the works for the defence of the Town and Harbour of Boston, that I could. Six Companies of Col. Sargents Regiment have been employed in demolishing the Enemy’s works on Bunker Hill, and building the Fort on Charlestown Point, until these were nearly compleated, since the greatest part of them have been at work on Noddles Island. Col. Hutchinsons Regiment has been employed in the works on Dorchester Point next to Castle Island, until that Fort was nearly finished, and then I ordered part of the Regiment to work on Castle Island in repairing the Batteries there. I believe I can truly affirm that more work has never been done in the American Army by an equal number of Troops than has been performed by the Troops which are stationed here, in the same space of time; but because fifteen hundred men could not throw up works as fast as six or seven thousand had done in time past, there appeared to some people an unaccountable delay.
I have the pleasure to inform your Excellency that on the seventh Instant, Capt. Tucker commander of the armed Schooner Hancock took two Brigs in the Bay, (within sight of the Men of war) and carried them into Lynn. One of them was from Cork, ninety tons burthen, laden with Beef, Pork, Butter, and Coal; the other was from the Western Islands laden with Wine and fruit, about an hundred tons burthen. Neither of them give any important intelligence they brought no papers nor letters that had any relation to public affairs. The Master of the Irish Vessel says he sailed from Cork the first of April, that five Regiments lay there ready to imbark for America, that he heard that Hessians and Hanoverians were coming to America, but had not heard of any Troops having sailed from Great Britain or Ireland for America this Spring. I am Your Excellency’s Obedient Humble Servant

Artemas Ward