Title: To George Washington from Robert Dinwiddie, 8 May 1756
From: Dinwiddie, Robert
To: Washington, George

Sir
Williamsburg May 8th 1756

Your Letter of the 3d I recd Yesterday, & observe its Contents. I have recd the Indian Scalp & I doubt not but many more were killed in that small Skermish.
I am glad the Indians are gone over the Mountains, but I cannot think they were so numerous as represented, unless they have prevailed on the Twightwees to join with them; I am of Opinion if You cou’d send a Message to them by some trusty Indian, to let them know our Intentions against the French, & the Number of Warriors sent by their Father the King, to exterpate the French, & to protect their Lands, they wou’d continue steady in our Interest, for they will never forget the Insults & Murders committed against them by the French in the Year 1752.
We must not be too secure, for probably the Indians are gone to the Fort with their Plunder & may return reinforced, or more probable are ordered to the Northwd where the greatest Push is intended against them, but we must be on our Guard.
I have by this Express wrote to Fredericksburg to stop the rest of the Militia from marching to Winchester; And the Draughts from the different Counties to compleat Your Regiment, I have ordered to be marched to Fredericksburg by the Majors of each County, where I expect they will be the End of this Month; I therefore desire You to send some of the best & most sedate of Your Officers to Fredericksburg by the last of this Month to receive them from the different Majors to be march’d to You.
A Chain of Forts are proposed, & an Association of Gentlemen will march from the North to the South, with Your Advice to propose the proper Places to erect these Forts.
I have given Orders to be particularly careful in making the Draughts from each County, by choosing the best of their Young Men. As to the Plan of Operations, what can I concert when our neighbouring Colonies are asleep & afford us no Assistance? no Great Guns or Ingineers to attack their Fort which I much desired to be on the Offensive, but as we are now situated we can only remain on the Defensive to protect our Frontiers, unless we shou’d be assisted by Lord Loudon, for which

Purpose Colo. Ludwell goes to New York with a Representation of our present Affairs, & to desire his Assistance, which, if agreed to, I fear will come too late for this Year—So that on the whole I must depend on Your conducting the Forces in the most eligible manner for the protection of the People on our Frontiers; by perswading the Inhabitants to return to their Plantations, & directing by proper Signals their retiring to the Forts contiguous to them on any Emergency. When the Draughts arrive with You, You will then be able to dispose of Your Forces in a more regular Manner, by each Captain’s having the Command of his own Company, at such Places, as You, by a Council of War may order, & their Pay may then be properly sent to them.
I cou’d not prevail with the Assembly to put the Articles of War in Force, but as it is now, by their Act, You may conduct them pretty well; & I think the Act provides against Cowardice or Corresponding with the Enemy; & as to other Neglects, You may venture to take it upon Yourself by inflicting Corporal Punishment for quiting their Post, or Sleeping on their Post. The Assembly was Prorogued last Friday, so Nothing more can be expected at present. I hope e’er this You have Militia sufficient till the Draughts join You, having stop’d any more marching to Winchester. I suppose this will be delivered You at Fort Cumberland, where I doubt not You will find Affairs in a much better Condition than were represented here.
Cloths for the Men I cannot supply, as no Ships are arrived; I think the Men lately enlisted, if not Clothed, shou’d have no Stopage made, if that will please them till clothed; You shou’d have wrote to the Treasurer on that head as You know I do not meddle with their Money.
The Commissary must be with You before this, he carried some Money with him & I spoke to the Treasurer to send him more—I am sensible You must have much Fatigue, but hope soon Affairs will be more regular than it possibly cou’d be under the late great Surprize & unexpected Invasion.
I send You a Death Warrant for shooting Sergeant Lewis, which I doubt not You will order to be executed, by having as many of the Forces present as You can, that he may be a public Example to deter others from such like Offences; You are to fill up the Blank to the Day You may think most proper, declaring the Crime for which he suffers.

I paid Jenkins to the Time You was order’d a Military Chest, & You are to continue to pay him as it’s a necessary Service, & I shall support You therein.
Pray God protect & direct You in every Thing for the Service of the King & Country And I remain with Esteem & Regard Sir Your most humble Servant

Robt Dinwiddie

Enclos’d You have the Act of Assembly. If more of the Militia are with You, than You have occasion for, order them back.


Title: Enclosure: Death Warrant, 8 May 1756
From: Dinwiddie, Robert
To:

[Williamsburg, 8 May 1756]

Virginia to wit
Whereas Nathan Lewis hath been legally tryed by a Court Martial, held at Winchester, on the Second Day of this Instant and convicted of Cowardice and Disobedience to the Commands of his Officer which is a Breach of the twelveth Article of War.
These are therefore in His Majesty’s Name to require You

that on  the  Day of  between the Hours of Ten and Twelve in the Forenoon of the same Day You cause the said Nathan Lewis to be carried to the Place of Execution and there to be shot dead. Given under my Hand and Seal of this Colony at Williamsburg this eighth Day of May in the 29th Year of His Majesty’s Reign Annoq. Dom. 1756.

Robt Dinwiddie


Title: Memorandum respecting the Militia, 9 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 9 May 1756]

May 9th Captns Dalton Russel with the Volunteers & Militia set out on their return homewards. so tht there only remns of the Fx M. those who w: o: to the B. Abt 4 o’clock this Eveng I had an express from Colo. Slaughter infg me that he was then as far as Perkins’s with abt 200 of the Culpr Militia upon which I ordd him to remain there as the Town had more already in it than they cd lodge and many quarelsome fellows amongst them. he also informs me that they had not above 50 Firelocks in the whole.


Title: Orders, 9 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Jersey.
Winchester: Sunday, May 9th 1756.

As there are some Indians coming up to this place; and the ill consequence of giving them Liquor is well known to all who have ever heard of an Indian. It is Colonel Washingtons particular request and orders That none of the Officers, or any other person will pretend, upon any pretence whatever, to give them any money or spirituous liquor; as it will be impossible to make them serviceable, if they can get liquor when they want it, or can buy it. A Sergeant and Drummer, immediately to go through the Town, and proclaim this order.
Evening Orders.
Captain Woodwards party being returned—one Captain, two Subalterns, three Sergeants, three Corporals, one Drummer, and forty-five private men; to mount Guard to-morrow morning, eight o’clock.
As many men as can possibly lodge in the Tents provided, are to lie in camp: For the rest, the Officers are to see Quarters provided, without interfering with the Militia.
The Officers to see the Rolls called regularly, agreeable to orders; and not trust so much to Sergeants; as hath been the practice lately—It is expected strict obedience will be paid to these orders, to prevent a repetition of them.


Title: To George Washington from George William Fairfax, 9 May 1756
From: Fairfax, George William
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Alexandria May 9th 1756

Upon hearing the many Alarming Accots at Williamsburg, I hasten’d away as soon as possible, tho. there was some particur Acts I should have been glad to have seen pass’d, as they were

Relative to our Militia, But upon my arrival, I found the Militia ordered out by Colo. Carlyle, whove Marched many days before; otherwise I believe I should have Accompanied them. Your letter dated at Winchester Sunday Evening my Father received at Williamsburg after I left it, and Yesterday put it into my hand, by which I am sensible of the distressed condition poor Frederick must have been in, but by late Letters from Capt. Dalton and others, I am pleased to hear that the causes are greatly Removed. But if those cruel Savages should hereafter return or while you are up I beg that you’l freely Command me, being willing and always desirous of serving my Country under so experienced a Commander. My Father writes you the Running News therefore shall only add that your continued favour will greatly oblige your Affecte and very humble Servt

Go: Wm Fairfax

I am extreamly sorry to hear that our People have misbehaved, and I hope my Father and the Officers under him will punish them as they deserve, and those sent back will I dare say meet with their Reward. Remember me to Capt. Mercer &ca.


Title: To George Washington from William Fairfax, 9 May 1756
From: Fairfax, William
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Alexandria 9th May 1756

Your Letter to the Governor, G. Fx, and what accompanied them from Colo. Carlyle &c. describing the calamitous State & Condition of Hampshire & Frederick Countys, And Some Apprehensions of the blood thirsty and savage Enemy’s near Approaches to Shannondoah River and the blue Ridge, both the Council and Ho. of Burgesses thought it necessary the Governor should issue his Orders for half the Militia of the nearest Countys immediately to march to joyn and assist You. The Spirit of just Resentment on the repeated Insults & Attacks has So far prevaild as to animate Mr Attorney and many Gentlemen to enter into an Association for a vigorous Defence and Repulse of our common Enemy and propose being at Fredericksburg Soon. Mr Fielding Lewis is their Commissary to provide Provisions. As the Several Detachments when met at Winchester will be a larger Body than You may now want and put Doctr Walker to Some Difficulty to Supply them, yet it must be rememberd when They were order’d out, The Causes assignd for their being requird made every One think the unavoidable Expences accruing not worthy Consideration. Your proposal to have a good and Strong Fort at Winchester is approvd and think It will be undertaken. The E. of Loudon is dayly expected, Majr Genl Abercromby &c. with Some Regiments, four if not more.
One Matthew Bowyer who had been wth Captn Overton under Majr Lewis on the unsuccessful March towards the Shawanese Town, applied to the Governor for a Lieuts. Commission in your Regiment, but was answerd the Appointment of filling up Vacancys was left to You. I am therefore become a Solicitor in behalf of Bryan Fx who Seems now to like a Military Life, that on a Vacancy You would please to appoint Him a Lieutenant in Some Company whereof the Captain is an exemplary worthy Officer, And if agreable to Bryan of which I am not certain;

I persuade my Self He will diligently apply Himself to learn the Arts of War under your leading Example. The Governor thinks You will and perhaps the Regiment be put on the English or Irish Establishmt.
Colo. Jas Wood’s Removal with his Family, added to the Fears of many people below, thinking He would not desert his Plantation without the utmost Necessity.
You have now a fair Occasion to free your Country from the Savage Invaders which besides the Pleasure it will give You in being the happy Means under God, Lord Loudon will be acquainted with your Merit, and being our Governor in Chief consider you as fitting to Serve on future necessary Employments.
We all here Pticularly Salute You which I witness as Yr very affecte & obedt &c.

W: Fairfax


Title: Memorandum respecting the Militia, 10 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 10 May 1756]

May 10th He came into Town & infd me that beside himself there were  Officers whereof  were Field Officers and  private Men—and that by a late supply his number of arms were now abt 80.
Colo. Bailor with 4 Field Offr⟨s⟩ 4 Captains 8 Subalterns & 8 Serts 8 Corpl and 170 Private arrivd at this place from Caroline County.


Title: Orders, 10 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Kinsale.
Winchester—Monday, May 10th 1756.

A Regimental Court Martial to sit immediately, for Trial of George Forman, and John Collins.
One Subaltern and twenty men, to parade as soon as the provisions are drawn, to march to Conogochieg, to escort some provision waggons up to this place.
The Officer to wait on Colonel Washington for his orders—The cartridges now made in the Guard-house, to be returned immediately to the Magazine; together with the spare ammunition, that has been there for some time past. The men to continue making cartridges; and the Officer who over-looks them,

to have them packed up in a Barrel, securely, as fast as they are made.
Thomas Pettyfore, enlisted by Captain Gist, being judged unfit for Service, is ordered to be discharged.


Title: After Orders, 10 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 10 May 1756]

After Orders.
The party ordered to Conogochieg, is to be of the men enlisted by Captain Bell, Lieutenant Campbell, Ensigns Deane and Fleming; as they will be left there with their captain. And the men belonging to the other companies, now under Captain Bell, be brought up in their room—If there should be more men

here belonging to those Officers, than the number ordered, they are all to go. As soon as this party is paraded, the Officer must wait on Colonel Washington to let him know it. He will review them before they go.


Title: From George Washington to Denis McCarty, 10 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: McCarty, Denis

[Winchester, 10 May 1756]
To Ensign Denis McCarty, of the Virginia Regiment.

You are hereby ordered to proceed to Conogochieg with the party under your command; which being composed of Captain Bells men, you must leave with him, and Draught the same number out of Captain Gists men, if he has many there; if not, they are to be taken from the men of the other companies there; exclusive of Captain Stewarts and Bells: and with them escort to this place such waggons (loaded with Provisions) as you shall find there.
You must desire Captain Stewart to send me by you, a particular Return of the Men that shall remain there afterwards; the companies they belong to; and who enlisted them. Given at Winchester, May 10th 1756.

G:W.


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Gage, 10 May 1756
From: Gage, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Dear Colonel,
Schenectady [N.Y.] May 10th 1756.

I received your obliging Favor of The 14th of April, a few Days ago; & return you many Thanks for the good News you Sent me, of The Defeat of a Body of Indians, by one of your Partys; which tho’ no decisive Affair, nor attended with great Slaughter; may produce very good Effects, & I make no Doubt but it will give new Life & Courage to your People: The many Defeats we have had, & The Terrors communicated to The Troops, by the frightened Inhabitants; have all contributed to depress the Spirits of The Soldiery; any little advantage will raise Them, & shew Them they have not to deal with an Enemy that is invincible, & that a proper Conduct in those that lead Them, joined to their own good Behaviour & Courage will procure Victory.
It’s not at all Surprizing you should be disgusted at The Service, when a Command you was so justly entitled to, was given another; and your continuing to head The Virginia Troops after Such a Disappointment, is no small Instance of your Zeal for the Publick Service, for which you have been ever remarkable.
Affairs in this part of The World are at present at a Stand; Genl Shirley is at Albany, waiting The Arrival of Colonel Webb & The two Regts from Ireland, which are hourly expected at New York: It’s thought Colonel Webb, who it’s reported, is made a Major Genl in America, will bring over Instructions for The Operations of the Campain, & I hope to see The Kings Troops & Provincials & Indians, acting together; I expect little from their acting separately; notwithstanding The ridiculous Gasconades of The New Englanders, who I believe to be The greatest Boasters & worst Soldiers on The Continent; We have inlisted Soldiers from all the Provinces, & I never saw any in my Life So infamously bad, as those that come from New England. I hear they are very averse to such a Junction, fearing, I suppose, to have Witnesses to their Behaviour.

Lord Loudoun, & Major Genl Abercrombie, are also very soon expected; and it’s said for certain that there is a Scheme to raise a German Regiment in Pensylvania of four Battalions, each to contain one Thousand Men. There was certainly People in England, well enough acquainted with America, to inform Them that Such a Scheme was impractible: I know not indeed, whether they design falling upon some new Method to engage The Germans to inlist, but I am certain by The ordinary Methods of Inlistment, They will never be able to inlist one Battalion of Germans in a twelve Month. I don’t believe we could muster two Hundred Germans out of all The Forces now on Foot. Our Officers who recruited in Pensylvania, tell me they are the last People in The Province that are willing to turn Soldiers.
I wish you Joy of your new Governor, & that I may soon hear of your further Success against The Enemy; & dont doubt as soon as The Indians join you, but you will very soon clear The Frontiers & oblige The Enemy to defend their own habitations. All success attend your undertakings whatever they are & believe me Dear Colonel Your faithful & obedient Servt

Thos Gage

P.S. I should be obliged to you if you would desire Capt. Steuart to order The Soldier he had from us to return to his Regt with all Expedition.


Title: Memorandum respecting the Militia, 11 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 11 May 1756]

May 11th—Colo. Spotswood from Spotsylvania with 3 Field Officers 5 Captns 10 Subalterns and 130 private Men arrivd here & encampd in Colo. Woods Meadow.
Colo. Henry Fitzhugh with 2 Captains 4 Subalterns 1 Clark 4 Sergts and 102 private also came to Town. as did 9 of the King George Deserter’s.
The Prince William Militia were orderd to March to Morrow under the Comd of a Captn and 4 Sub. to strengthen the Forts on Pattersons Creek with a Subn & 20 men and to build another at the Mouth of Little Cacapehon but Colo. Henry Peyton who had recd a special Comn from his honour the Govr insisted upon going out to command them I expostulated with him on the absurdity of it: and represented the unnecessary charge it wd run the Country to, employing of supernumerary Officer’s but, nothing woud put aside his intentions he said his only motive in going was to serve his Country and that he expected no reward or gratuity for his trouble—and that unless he went he was sure the Men wd desert. present Colo. Lee, Captn Mercer and Mr Kirkpatrick.


Title: Orders, 11 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

London.
Winchester: Tuesday, May 11th [1756]

As there is a Report, that some Indians have been seen on the road between this and Enock’s—A party of Volunteers, about twenty-five, to parade immediately, to go and scour the woods between this and that place; and to return to-morrow.
A Court Martial to sit immediately, for Trial of Sergeant Ferguson, and Thomas Lovell, Drummer.
After Orders.
The commanding Officers of the Militia [(]except Prince-William) to give in a Return immediately of the number of Carpenters they have under their command.
The Adjutant is to wait upon the Officers with this Order.


Title: From George Washington to William Fairfax, 11 May 1756 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Fairfax, William

 Letter not found: to William Fairfax, 11 May 1756. On 13 May 1756 Fairfax wrote to GW: “I had the Pleasure to receive Yrs of the 11th inst.”


Title: Memorandum respecting the Militia, 12 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 12 May 1756]

May 12th—Was the first time I coud get a return of the Number of Carpenters that were among the Militia.
In the Eveng abt 5 Oclock Lt Colo. Peyton with the Prince Wm Detacht marchd consistg of himself 1 Captn 4 Subalterns & 96 private as pr return.
see his orders at large in my orderly Book.
This day also the King George Militia had orders to March to Mendenhalls Fort to protect the Inhabitants under those Mountains.
The Officers and Soldiers of the Militia begin to discover great uneasiness at their stay and want much to return thinking they have performd a sufft Tower of duty by marchg to Winchester.


Title: Orders, 12 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Maestricht.
Winchester: Wednesday, May 12th 1756.

The Captains’ Guard is reduced. One Subaltern, one Sergeant, one Corporal, and twenty-one men, to mount Guard today.


Title: From George Washington to William Cocks, 12 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Cocks, William

[Winchester, 12 May 1756]
   To Captain William Cockes. Of the First Company of Rangers.Sir,

Captain Baylis, of the Prince-William Militia, will give you this; and leave you a reinforcement of twenty men—with these, and the Detachment of your own company, which has now certainly rejoined you; you will be sufficiently able to send out several scouting parties: And it is my desire, you do your utmost to scour these parts, and protect the people.
You will deliver Mr Baylie what carpenters tools you have in the Fort: as he has orders to build a small Fort at the Mouth of Little Capecapon. I am &c.

G:W.

   May 12th 1756.
N.B. Take Receipts for the several Tools you deliver the Officers.


Title: Memorandum, 12 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 12 May 1756]

A copy of the above Letter was also wrote to Captain John Ashby.


Title: From George Washington to Henry Peyton, 12 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Peyton, Henry

[Winchester, 12 May 1756]
To Lieutenant Colonel Henry Peyton. Of the Prince-William Militia.

You are hereby ordered to proceed with the Detachment under your command, along the old waggon-road, until you come to Cockes’s Fort, on Pattersons Creek: where you are to leave a Subaltern, one Sergeant, and twenty men, to strengthen that Garrison. From thence you are to continue your march to Ashby’s Fort; which you are also to strengthen with the same number of men—and from there you are to proceed to Friend Cox’s, at the mouth of Little Capecapon—Post your party at that place; and immediately set about erecting a Fortress, for the security of the pass, and for the defence of your Detachment.
You are to draw out all such Carpenters tools as can possibly be spared from the two Forts: and you are to be very circumspect in chusing the spot of Ground to erect the Work on: which must be of the same dimensions, and built after the same model of Ashby’s. For which reason you must be very careful in examining of it.
You are always to keep covering parties to secure your workmen: and to mount a Guard regularly on your march, and at your Station, to prevent Surprizes.
You must apply to the commissary for provisions to carry with your Detachment; and to take his Directions how to keep your party supplied for the future.
I earnestly entreat, that you will be careful to observe good order and Discipline among your men: that you will ever be mindful of the charge you are entrusted with: and diligent in executing, with the utmost Dispatch, all these several Orders. Given at Winchester, May 12th 1756.

G:W.


Title: From George Washington to Henry Peyton, 12 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Peyton, Henry

To Colonel PeytonSir,
[Winchester, 12 May 1756]

You are desired with the Detachment under your command, to proceed (on your arrival at the mouth of Patterson’s-Creek) as Escort to Governor Innis, to Fort Cumberland. Yours

G:W.


Title: Memorandum respecting the Militia, 13 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 13 May 1756]

May 13th An express came from Colo. Peyton informg that a Sergt & 14 Men deserted last Night from him at Paris’s Fort and desireing a Reinforcement I was oblig⟨d⟩ to Countermand the Order’s to the King George Militia & to, then send them to join him with order’s to remain in Ashbys Fort and they accordingly Marchd 29 in number under Lieutt Nugent the rest were Sick & deserted. and this N, 4 out of the 29 also March’d off.
Many complaints from the Officer’s of Militia abt the insufficiency of the allowance of Provisions for their Men (tho. they have a 1 lb. of Meat and the like quantity of flour pr day wch is the same that the Soldrs have) obligd me to order the Comy to deliver the Officer’s allowance to the Private Men in order to appease their clamours this I did to prevent increasing the allowance & settg bad examples. but this proveing insufft also I was obligd to order the allow[anc]e to be increased to 1¼ of Flour & as much flesh pr Day.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Newgent, 13 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Newgent, Thomas

[Winchester, 13 May 1756]
To Lieutenant Thomas Newgent. of the King-George-County Militia.Sir,

You are hereby Ordered, with the Detachment under your command, to proceed to join Colonel Henry Peyton and his party of Militia, with the utmost expedition; and take your Orders from him.

Acquaint him that it is my desire, he leave you and your party in one of these Forts, he is ordered to reinforce.
While you remain in the Fort, you are to take your orders from the commanding Officer there; and to be assisting in scouring the woods. I am &c.

G:W.
Winchester, May 13th 1756.


Title: Orders, 13 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 13 May 1756]

Nathaniel Giles, James Joyce, and Edward Chatham, enlisted by Captain Christopher Gist—Philip Hands, enlisted by captain Peachey—on review, are found unfit for Service, and Discharged.
After Orders.
One Field Officer, four Captains, five Lieutenants, four Ensigns, twelve Sergeants; two hundred and three rank and file, of the Militia of Caroline, Spotsylvania, Stafford and Culpepper, are to march to-morrow upon the Scout.
Caroline county gives the Field officer for this command.


Title: To George Washington from William Fairfax, 13–14 May 1756
From: Fairfax, William
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Belvoir. 13th[–14th] May 1756

I had the Pleasure to receive Yrs of the 11th inst. by Bryan Fx who I find is so well pleasd with the little military Atchievement

He has experienct, that He is desirous of pursuing that Life. I have accordingly encouragd Him and to hope that You have Affection enough to give Him a Lieutenancy as no doubt there are some Vacancys and I heard the Governor tell one Matthew Bowyer (who applied for such a Commission) that such Appointments were left by Him to You. And I should be glad if Bryan’s Lot was to be under a Captain of sober and exemplary Morals. And even this Request I should not make for Bryan if I had not a good Opinion of Him and that his known Esteem and Attachment might add to the Number of your faithful Followers.
You Seem concernd that a great Number of Militia Should be Orderd up to your Assistance. When You reconsider your Letter to the Governor, to G. Fx and what accompanied them from Colo. Carlyle and Others all expressing the most calamitous and distrest State of Frederick County and it’s encreasing Miserys, which being read in Council were afterwards Sent to the Ho. of Burgesses, who imediately joynd in advising and desiring the Governor to issue his Orders to ten Countys for half their Militia to March to your Assistance: As to the Expence thereof It had no Objection on the Consideration of the important Service They were going upon. I am Sencible Such a Medly of undisciplind Militia must create You various Troubles; but having Caesar’s Commentaries & perhaps Quintus Curtious You have therein read of greater Fatigues, Murmurings, Mutinys and Defections than will probably come to your Share, tho’ if any of those Casualtys should interrupt your Quiet I doubt not but You would bear them with equal Magnanimity those Heroes remarkably did.
I think I before mentioned, but here not amiss to repeat that Your Health & Success was toasted at almost all Tables at Wmsburg; that the Council and Burgesses are mostly your Friends, So that if You have not always the particular Instructions from the Governor You may think necessary and desire, the Omission or Neglect may proceed from the Confidence entertaind of your Ability and Discretion to act what is Fit and Praise-worthy—That You may see a Chain of Forts are to be Erected, thô as G. Fx was not in the House of Burgesses, the Mistake of Cacapehon has been inserted instead of Pattns Creek or So. Branch,

yet as the Direction is left to the Governor perhaps on your Recomendation joynd with Colo. Innes’s You may get the Position alterd to your Liking.
I observe You mention the having left most of your Things now much wanted at Mount Vernon. If John had rec’d your Orders, He might have carried up your Commands and accompanied Bryan Fx who if He is enlisted according to his Desire I have advisd to Study the Theory of Fortification and Gunnery as the Practice will be better understood—and is a Knowledge that adds much to a Soldier’s Character. It is Reported that the E. of Loudon who Succeeds the late E. of Albemarle as Governor Genl of Virginia comes hither with three Regiments, and four are Order’d for No. America of 1000 Men each, wch Troops when arrivd will want Waggons I suppose, now difficult to be got. As I cannot want Introduction to Lord Loudon I will improve every good Occasion to Speak of You as becomes our Friendship. When I cautiond Bryan against Gaming, I told him, I imagind You would also discountenance it as a pernicious Tendency. I have given Bryan a little Mony, but in Case any unforeseen Case should happen requiring more Please to supply Him with what You may think needful wch I will thankfully repay to your Order. His Regimentals will be got ready against the Next good Conveyance, But the Coat will be Lapel’d thô plain, Waistcoat a little low &c. suitable for a Subaltern not for Shew—For pticulars I refer to Bryan—The Family here and at Alexandria Return your Compliments and offer their Sincerest Wishes that every Good may attend You which with my kind Compliments to all enquiring Friends I remain dear Sir Yr very affecte & assurd Friend &c.

W: Fairfax

Signd at Alexandria 14th May


Title: Memorandum respecting the Militia, 14 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 14 May 1756]

May 14th The Orange Militia under Colo. Talliaferro consistg of 2 Field Officer’s 2 Captns 4 Subalterns & 100 private Men came to Town as did Colo. Barret with 130 Men from Louisa In the Evening of this day I summon’d all the Field Officers to meet, that we might advise and consult on the proper expedn to be taken with the Militia see a Copy of the proceedings in my orderly Book. in consequence of these resolves and advise fm Colo. Martin & Mr Comy Walker knowg in the Situation of our Frontiers I orderd the Commanding Officers of each Militia to furnish the following number of Men which was proportion’d equally among those that were here and appointed them to remain as below.

                  Fd
                  Offr
                  Capt.
                  Lt
                  E.
                  S.

                  0
                  0
                  1
                  0
                  2

                  at Mendenhals Fort. Lt Thomas ... wth 27 Men
                  from
                  Orange County

                  at the Mth of Sleepy Ck

                  1
                  1
                  0
                  3
                  50
                  from
                  Caroline

                  at the Mth of Little Cacn
                  1
                  1
                  3
                  1
                  4
                  90

                  P. William

                  at Ashby’s Fort

                  1

                  2
                  25
                  from
                  K. George

                  also at Do

                  1

                  2
                  35
                  from
                  Sp[otsylvani]a

                  at Cocks’s Fort

                  1
                  1
                  1
                  2
                  45
                  from
                  Fairfax

                  at pearsals

                  1
                  1
                  1
                  2
                  45
                  from
                  Do

                  at Harness’s Fort

                  1
                  0
                  2
                  30

                  Stafford

                  at Waggener’s uppr F.

                  1
                  1
                  0
                  2
                  50

                  Culpeper

                  at Enochs’s

                  1
                  0
                  2
                  35

                  Louisa

At Winchester to Work on the Fort and to be readey in cases of

Emergency 75. exclusive of the abov⟨e⟩ and taken from all the Sevl Countys. Fairfax & P.W. have furnish a larger number of M⟨en⟩ than the other Countys because th⟨ey⟩ arrivd with those number’s and were orderd on to assist and relie⟨ve⟩ the Inhabitants on the Branch. & and it wd have run the Country to considerable additional expence to relieve them now and to no very gt purpose as we soon expected to receive the draughts.


Title: Orders, 14 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Orange.
Winchester, Friday, May 14th 1756.

As Colonel Washington has received some advices from Conogochieg; which render the march of the party of militia ordered yesterday, unnecessary—Those Orders are countermanded: and the Militia are not to march until Colonel Washington receives farther advice from the Governor.
After Orders.
All the Field Officers of the Militia are desired to attend at Colonel Washingtons Quarters, at half an hour after three, this Afternoon.


Title: Council of War, 14–15 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 14–15 May 1756]

At a Council of War, Held at Winchester, the 14th day of May, 1756; for considering and determining upon the necessary measures to be taken at this juncture with the Militia ordered here by His Honor, the Governor.
Colonel George Washington, President.

                  Colonel Spotswood
                  }

                  {

                  Colonel Martin

                  Colonel Baylor

                  Colonel Thornton
                  Members
                  Colonel Lee

                  Colonel Slaughter
                  Colonel Fitzhugh

                  Colonel Muse

                  Colonel Taliaferro

                  Major Taylor

                  Major Green

                  Major Stephen

                  Major Pendleton

Upon the Question being put by Colonel Washington, whether it was advisable to send part of the Militia now here, to Guard and cover our Southern Frontiers?
It was resolved in the negative—and for the following reasons: vizt—
1st The Southern Frontiers lying at a greater distance from, and less exposed to, the Enemy, than these northern frontiers; and being more difficult to come at: It is believed they can not suffer much, before the Draughts for completing the Regiment, may be sent thither.
2ly By His Honor, the Governor, ordering none but the northern counties to be Draughted; and those all directed to Rendezvous at this place; it appears plainly to have been his opinion in Council, that the southern counties which lie contiguous, should be left to march out, in case the Enemy should invade the country on that Quarter.
3ly As it would be attended with great hardships upon numbers of poor men draughted out of those ten northern counties, to march to the Frontiers of Augusta; when there are so many Inhabitants, that are much more convenient for its Defence.

4thly—Upon advising with the Commissary, we were informed, that it would require some time to lay in Provisions for a Body of men on that Quarter; and, unless Troops were immediately put there, it would not answer the salutary end proposed: which can not be done much sooner than by the Draughts for the Regiment.
5ly We have no certain advices of the Enemy being now down; but on the contrary many corroborating accounts, affirming that their tracts in great numbers have been discovered repassing the mountain.
It was judged advisable to discharge all of the Militia, except what were absolutely necessary to resist a second invasion upon this Quarter.

Go: Washington P.
John Spotswood
J. Baylor
Henry Lee
John Thornton
Henry Fitzhugh junior
Thomas Slaughter
William Taliaferro
George Muse
William Green
Francis Taylor
Benj. Pendleton
Joseph Stevens

May 15th 1756
Since Holding the above council, the Subscribers from Louisa, with the Militia of that County, came into Town; and heard the determinations and reasons of the council—are satisfied, and agree to the above resolves.

Charles Barret
Robert Anderson


Title: Memorandum respecting the Militia, 15 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 15 May 1756]

May 15th The Council being finis⟨hd⟩ the aforesd Number of Men were ordd to be draughted, & the remr to receive provision to carry them back & to be discharg’d.
The said several draughts were orderd to get ready to March in the M[ornin]g to their respective Posts.


Title: Orders, 15 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Penrith.
Winchester: Saturday, May 15th 1756.

A Court Martial to sit immediately for Trial of Thomas Hicks.

James Clarke, who has accused Aaron Paul and John Robinson of Robbing him: must produce his Evidences to this Court Martial; in order to proceed on their Trial also. Else they will be Discharged.


Title: George Mercer to Thomas Walker, 15 May 1756
From: Mercer, George
To: Walker, Thomas

To Mr Commissary Walker.Sir,
[Winchester, 15 May 1756]

You are to receive into the Stores, all the Public arms which are now in the possession of the Militia of the several counties, which are to be discharged.

G:M. aid de camp.
May 15th 1756.


Title: Orders for the Militia, 15 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 15 May 1756]

Orders for the Militia.
The commanding Officers of the Militia left at this place, are to order all their Men to be under arms at Retreat-beating this Evening: and are to acquaint them, that if any of them desert, they will be immediately draughted as Soldiers into the Virginia Regiment.
They are also to order them to lodge their arms in some secure place; and not suffer them to go about the Streets with their arms. They will be Relieved as soon as the Draughts for the Regiment are made: and will not be liable to a chance of being draughted themselves.

In consequence of the council of War that was held the 14th instant: Such part of the Militia of the several counties as rendezvous’d at this place, and were detained here; are ordered to be posted as follows vizt.

At Mendenhalls Fort—Lieutenant Thomas, with two Sergeants and twenty-five private men, from Orange-County.
At the Mouth of Sleepy-Creek—Captain Woodford; one Lieutenant, three Sergeants, and fifty private men, from Caroline.
At the Mouth of Little Capecapon—Colonel Peyton; one Captain, four Subalterns, four Sergeants, and Ninety men, from Prince-William.
At Ashby’s Fort—Lieutenant Newgent; two Sergeants, and twenty-five private men, from King-George—Lieutenant Lewis; two Sergeants and thirty-five private men, from Spotsylvania.
At Cocke’s Fort—Captain Minor; one Lieutenant, one Ensign, two Sergeants, and forty-five private men, from Fairfax.
At, or about Pearsalls—Captain Hamilton—one Lieutenant, one Ensign, two Sergeants, and forty-five private men, from Fairfax.
At Harnesses Fort—Lieutenant Hedgman—two Sergeants and thirty private men, from Stafford.
At Luney’s Creek—Captain Fields—one Lieutenant, two Sergeants, and fifty private men, from Culpepper.
At Enock’s—Lieutenant Bebb, with two Sergeants, and thirty-five private men, from Louisa.
At Winchester—Carpenters, Seventy-five, from the whole.


Title: Memorandum respecting the Militia, 16 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 16 May 1756]

May 16th The Cg Officers of each Militia (Culpeper excepted) reportd that severals of their Men had deserted—upon which I sent out to see if they coud be taken the Comy also reported that he had been trying & coud not procure a Waggon to transport the necessary stock of Provn & Am[munitio]n with them I was therefore obligd to postpone their March one day longer.

By This time I had engagd 70 Carp⟨s⟩. from the Militia to work at 6d. extra pay on the Fort and also had their own Officers to overlook and manage them.


Title: Orders, 16 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Quantico.
Winchester. Sunday, May 16th 1756.

A Court Martial to sit immediately, for trial of Richard Madden.
The commanding Officers of the Militia, are to hold themselves in readiness to march very early to-morrow morning with their men, to their respective Stations. and must apply to the commissary for arms, ammunition and Provision. The provisions must be dressed to night, that no time be lost in the morning—at which time the Officers are to attend for their instructions. The Officers of the Militia are to take the first opportunity of transmitting the names of these men who have deserted (since they were ordered to remain here) to the Colonels of the respective Counties, to which they belong; that they may be apprehended and punished—and are to do so from time to time, when they do Desert.
An exact Return to be given in of all the Carpenters now in Town, of the Virginia Regiment. The Officers, and other Soldiers are to hold themselves in readiness to march to Fort-Cumberland, on the shortest warning.


Title: George Mercer to Thomas Walker, 16 May 1756
From: Mercer, George
To: Walker, Thomas

To the Commissary.Sir,
[Winchester, 16 May 1756]

As the Militia of the several Counties will march to-morrow morning; Colonel Washington desires you will prepare every thing—that they may not be delayed.
You must lay in a sufficient Stock of provisions, to carry them to their Stations—and some spare ammunition: if you think a waggon, &c. necessary, they must be provided—and direct them how they are to be supplied afterwards. Let the spare ammunition be lodged at Captain Waggeners, for those who are stationed above the Manor; and he will deliver it as he sees proper—Two Barrels of Powder, and Lead or Ball, in proportion, will be sufficient. The others, who go to Cocke’s & Ashby’s, will have no occasion for any spare ammunition; they may be provided from the Forts. I am &c.

G:M. aid de camp.
May 16th 1756.


Title: From George Washington to Nicholas Minor, 16 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Minor, Nicholas

To Captain Minor—of the Fairfax Militia.Sir,
[Winchester, 16 May 1756]

You are immediately, upon receipt of this, with the men under your command, to march to Cocke’s-Fort, on Pattersons Creek; and there join him—You are to consult with Captain Cocke, and take his directions, in sending out frequent scouting parties, to scour the country, & make discoveries.
It is expected that strict obedience will be paid these Orders; as they are in consequence of a Council of War, which has regulated and appointed the militia to different Stations.
Your Station at this Fort will be more agreeable, as you will have a cover for your men; and be clear of the trouble of procuring provisions.
When you join Captain Cocke, you are to shew him these Orders

—and tell him, that Captain Waggener has Directions to draw out all the Forces but what is just sufficient to defend the place upon any alarm: in order that he may be strong enough to pursue the Enemy. I am &c.

G:W.
May 16th 1756.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Waggener, 16 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Waggener, Thomas

To Captain Thomas Waggener—of the Virginia Regiment—on the South-Branch.Sir,
[Winchester, 16 May 1756]

A party of the militia of Stafford, is ordered to Harnesses Fort; and will march to-morrow: as will a party of the culpepper Militia, to your upper fort. So soon as they arrive there, I would have you order down your men from that, to your station at Vanmeeters—as you will be posted there to assist the Inhabitants, with your Company and advice, in case of any alarms; and a second descent of the Indians. I would have you collect from these different Forts near you, a sufficient number of men, and endeavour immediately to drive them off.
The different stations of the Officers and men, which you will have the direction of; and must order as you think proper, upon any alarm—are as follow—At Cockes, Harnesses, and your upper Fort. You are immediately to make out a Pay-Roll for pay due your Company; and send it by an officer immediately to the Pay-Master, at Fort Cumberland; and he will receive the money.
If your Officers should arrive at the Fort, before the Pay-Master receives advice from me; he must wait until he does.
So soon as he returns and you pay your men off—you must transmit me their Receipts for their pay, not only now, but for all you have paid them since you have been at that Station; as directed in a former order. I am Sir, Yours &c.

G:W.
Winchester, May 16th 1756.


Title: From George Washington to Zachary Lewis, Jr., 16 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Lewis, Zachary Jr.

[Winchester, 16 May 1756]

To Lieutenant Zachary Lewis. of the Spotsylvania Militia.Sir,

You are hereby ordered to proceed with the Detachment under your command, to Captain Ashby’s Fort, on Pattersons Creek: and are to put yourself and party under his command.
You are to be very circumspect on your march; and endeavour, as much as possible, to guard against a Surprize. Given at Winchester, May 16th 1756.

G:W.


Title: From George Washington to John Field, 16 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Field, John

[Winchester, 16 May 1756]

To Captain Fields of the Culpeper MilitiaSir,

You are hereby ordered to proceed with the Detachment under your command, to the Upper Fort, on the South Branch (built by Captain Waggener) and post your men at that place.
You are to use your utmost endeavours to protect the people from the insults of the Enemy; and encourage them by all fair means, to return to their Dwellings. You are to be particularly careful in seeing that no irregularities happen among yourselves; that there is due Discipline observed, and that your men are not suffered to go out in small parties to maraud; but are to have your Rolls called at least twice a day, to prevent their stragling and deserting. Scouting parties you are frequently to send out, to range the hills and waters, to see if any tracks of the enemy can be found: These parties, in a general way, should consist of one-third of your men. You are to mount Guard regularly

once every twenty-four hours; from which Sentries are to be posted and relieved every hour for the security of your camp; and to prevent surprize. Your ammunition should be well secured, and great care taken of it; and your arms kept in good order, that you may always be in readiness for the worst events.
I have sent orders to Captain Waggener to call upon you (in case any accounts of the number of the Enemy should be brought to him) for what men he thinks proper—If he should apply for any or the whole, you will take care to obey his orders.
The Commissary will deliver you Provisions, and instruct you in the means of procuring more as your party shall want. Given at Winchester, May 16th 1756.

G:W.


Title: Memorandum, 16 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 16 May 1756]

A copy of the above Instructions was given to Lieutenant Hedgman, of the Stafford Militia; only he was ordered to Harness’s Fort.


Title: From George Washington to William Woodford, 16 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Woodford, William

[Winchester, 16 May 1756]

To Captain William Woodford, of the Caroline Militia.Sir,

You are hereby ordered to proceed with the Detachment under your command to the mouth of Sleepy-Creek; and chuse at that place, or in the neighbourhood thereof, the most convenient place to post your party: In doing which, consult the most judicious and knowing of the Inhabitants. You must get your men into some of the most tenable Houses; and endeavour to erect or throw up such necessary works of defence, as will secure them from any sudden assaults of the Enemy. The Settlers will no doubt give you all imaginable assistance of men and Tools to carry on the work, as it is intended for their security. You are to use your utmost endeavours to protect the people from the insults of the enemy; and to encourage them by all fair and lawful means, to return to their Dwellings. You are to be particularly careful that no irregularities happen among yourselves—That there is due discipline observed; and that your Men are not suffered to go out in small parties marauding; but are to have your lists at least called twice a-day, to prevent their stragling and Deserting. Scouting parties you are frequently to send out to range the hills and waters, to see if any tracks of the Enemy can be found: These parties in a general way, should consist of one-third of your men. You are to mount Guard regularly every twenty-four hours; from which Sentries are to be posted and relieved every hour, for the security of your camp, and to prevent surprize. Your ammunition should be well secured, and great care taken of it; and your arms in constant good order; that you always be in readiness for the worst events.
The Commissary will deliver to you provisions; and instruct you in the means of procuring more, as your party shall want. Given at Winchester: May 16th 1756.

G:W.


Title: Memorandum respecting the Militia, 17 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 17 May 1756]

May 17th Some time last Night an express from the So. Branch arrivd with letter’s from Ashbys Coc⟨ks⟩ & Pearsall’s Forts informg that a considerable body of Indian’s were abt again & had taken a prisr. Upon this all the Militia of Louisa & Stafford save 6 of the first & 8 of the latter deserted and the Caroline Detacht being reduc’d to 40 Rank & file the Spotsylvania to 22 and the Orange being lessen’d also I was obligd to add the 6 Louisa Men to the Carpenter’s till the return of

their Officers who I immediately sent in pursuit of them. the 8 Stafford men to those of Spotsylvania & to alter the disposition that was first made to the one followg viz.

                  Fd Offr
                  C.
                  L.
                  E.
                  S.
                  P.M.

                  at Mendenhals
                  0
                  1
                  1
                  0
                  2
                  40 fm Caroline

                  at Ashby’s Fort

                  2

                  6
                  56 frm Spa & K.G. & Std

                  at Pearsals
                  1
                  1
                  3
                  1
                  4
                  90 fm P.W.

                  at Kirkendals

                  1
                  1
                  1

                  45 fm Fx

                  at Harness’s Fort

                  1
                  0
                  2
                  25—Orange

                  at Wagrs upper Fort

                  1
                  1

                  2
                  51 Culpr

                  to be advd by C. Wr & Cl Vanr
                  1
                  1
                  1
                  2
                  45 Fx

The Reason for this disposition—to guard the Inhabitants that still remaind—to secure their grain and stock to help in with their Harvest & to be contiguous to the People & to each other that they might unite occasionally and go in quest of the Enemy. they all marchd this day to their ne⟨w⟩ appd Stations: Besides the Militia Offrs that were sent after the Deserters I orderd out one from the Regt with a party of 8 or ⟨10⟩ Men mounted to go in pursuit of them.
Our Strength being so much reducd by the number of Deserter’s that had gone off that I im[mediatel]y upon the r[eceip]t of Ashby’s & ⟨illegible⟩ dispatchd an express to the Colos. Barrat Talliaferro & Slaughter who were the last that had left this place ordering them to return with their Men.
In the Eveng the Colos. Barrat & Tallia. return’d without any men informg me that many of theirs had taken different roads homewards and that those who were with Colo. Talliaferro upon hearg that they were orderd back charg’d their pieces & cond their march towards their County in defiance of the Offrs.


Title: Orders, 17 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Richmond.
Winchester: Monday, May 17th 1756.

A court martial to sit immediately for trial of Ezekiel Richardson.


Title: From George Washington to John Field, 17 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Field, John

[Winchester, 17 May 1756]

To Captain John Fields. of the Culpepper Militia.Sir,

You are hereby ordered to proceed with the utmost expedition to Job Pearsalls on the South-Branch: You will be joined by the Militia of Spotsylvania and Orange, who are to march with you to that place.
When you arrive there, you are to summon a Council of War, of the Officers with you, and those already at the South Branch; and consult upon the most proper steps to be taken. If you find the Indians still continue about there, you must all unite; and endeavour if possible to surprize them in the night at their sleeping places.

But if they are gone off—I would have you and the rest of the officers with the men, to proceed immediately to the posts allotted to them in yesterdays orders. Given at Winchester May 17th 1756.

G:W.


Title: From George Washington to Nicholas Minor, 17 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Minor, Nicholas

[Winchester, 17 May 1756]

To Captain Nicholas Minor. of the Fairfax Militia.Sir,

I would have you remain at Kirkendalls with your party until Colonel Peytons return to the Branch; and then march to the place directed in your former Orders; and take the advice of Captain Waggener, &c. how to act for the security and defence of the Inhabitants—Be very diligent and circumspect on your march or otherwise; and use every endeavour to prevent a surprize from the Enemy, as they will be sure to attack when unguarded. Give all assistance you can to secure the peoples cattle and Grain: And be active in every thing for their protection. I am &c.

G:W.

May 17th 1756.
P.S. Let me hear immediately any intelligence you receive of the Enemy worth regarding.


Title: From George Washington to Henry Peyton, 17 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Peyton, Henry

[Winchester, 17 May 1756]

To Colonel Henry Peyton: of the Prince-William Militia.Sir,

I had yours last night; and observe your dangers from the Indians about the Neighbourhood. I would have you consult with Governor Innes upon the most expedient measures to pursue: and by all means, let me advise you never to be unguarded in case of a Surprize.
I have had some conversation with people from the Branch since I wrote to you last; and find it more requisite to continue your command on these waters, to range and scout about, and to secure the Grain and Cattle of the inhabitants from the Enemy; than to build that Fort on Capecapon, for sometime yet.
Before this reaches you, you may (perhaps) have marched from Pearsalls; as I understand you intend it. Upon your return from escorting Governor Innes, I would have you make Pearsalls your Head-Quarters, and to send out your scouting parties as low as the mouth of the River.
If you learn any further intelligence about the strength and motions of the Enemy, which you may think worth regarding—I desire you would lose no time in communicating it to me. I am &c.

G:W.
Winchester, May 17th 1756.


Title: From George Washington to James Hamilton, 17 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Hamilton, James

[Winchester, 17 May 1756]

To Captain James Hamilton—of the Fairfax Militia.Sir,

Yours last night—Let nothing put you off your guard, and be prepared for the worst alarms. I would advise you to remain at Pearsalls until Captain [Colonel] Peytons return from escorting Governor Innes; and then you are to take Captain Minors’ post at Kirkendalls; as he is ordered at Colonel Peytons return, also to remove to the South-Branch. I hope there is no need of advising you to be diligent and careful, both in the defence of the people, and in taking proper care of your party. When you hear intelligence of the Enemy worth regarding, lose not one moment in transmitting it to, Sir, yours &c.


Title: After Orders, 17 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 17 May 1756]

After Orders.
Lieutenant Thomas, with the Orange Militia, is ordered to Lieutenant Hedgmans post, as all his men have deserted except eight; who are to join the Spotsylvania Militia.
Captain Woodford is ordered to Lieutenant Thomas’s post—Lieutenant Bebb, of the Louisa Militia, is to go in pursuit of his men, who deserted all except six men: These six are to join the Carpenters at work.


Title: To George Washington from Peter Hog, 17 May 1756
From: Hog, Peter
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fort Dinwiddie 17th May 1756

I forgott to Mention in mine of the 14th a Supply of money from the Comisy to pay for Corn, and Flower which Last I am now oblidged to Buy tho’ at no higher Rate than 15/⅌ Ct delivered here; as there was not Corn Sufficient made on this side the Courtho. to Sustain the Inhabitants. Salt & Iron are also Wanted wt. several other Necessaries for which I must pay the Cash: pray order the Comisy to Remit money for sd purposes as soon as possible As I Engaged to pay the folks for their Grain this Courth.-time. I am Sir your Very hume Servt

Petr Hog


Title: Memorandum respecting the Militia, 18 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 18 May 1756]

May 18th last Night Mr Bullet the Officer who I had sent out returnd with 14 of the deserters who to avoid punisht inlisd in the V.R.


Title: Orders, 18 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Sussex.
Winchester: Tuesday, May 18th 1756.

A General court martial, to consist of four Captains and five Subalterns, to sit immediately for trial of Corporal Thomas for Desertion and embezzling some public money entrusted to his care—Also, Henry Campbell, of Captain George Mercers Company, for desertion—Captain Woodward, President.
Lieutenant Baker, Judge-Advocate. All Evidences to attend—The President to attend on Colonel Washington for his Orders.


Title: Court-Martial, 18 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 18 May 1756]

At a General Court Martial Held at Winchester, the 18th day of May, 1756.
Captain Henry Woodward, President. Captain Robert Spotswood, Captain Charles Lewis, Captain William Peachy, Lieutenant John Lomax, Lieutenant John Wil[l]iams, Lieutenant John Hall, Lieutenant John Lowry, Lieutenant Nathaniel Gist—Members.
Prisoner  James Thomas, Corporal—confined by Ensign Dennis McCarty for Desertion, and embezzling the countrys money.
Ensign Denis McCarty, an Evidence, says, That he received a sum of money from Colonel Washington for Mr Hubbard to pay for some Sheep that he had purchased for his command; and that he wrote to Mr Hubbard and enclosed the money therein, and delivered it to the said James Thomas; at the same time recommending it to his particular care, as there was money in the letter—And on the prisoner being searched, there was found in the sleeve of his coat (a five-shilling bill) which he believes to be part of the money sent, as the bill was remarkably pasted on the back of it with paper.
The Prisoner says in his defence, that he lost his pocket-book with the money in it, entrusted to his care; and the fear of being punished for it, was the reason for which he Deserted.
It is the Sentence of the Court—That the prisoner, James Thomas, suffer Death.

Prisoner—Henry Campbell, Soldier in Captain George Mercers Company—confined by Lieutenant Bullet for Desertion Lieutenant Thomas Bullet an Evidence says—That last night, about three o’clock, he met the prisoner and two others, about two miles from this town and ordered them to stand twice—Upon which, one of them cocked a Gun—He fired two guns at them, and the prisoner, Campbell, fell behind a tree—He ordered one of the men to take him in possession—Mr Bullet on being asked whether the prisoner was drunk, said that he did not appear to be so.
The prisoner says in his defence, that he was drunk when he deserted—and relies upon the mercy of the court.
It is the Sentence of the Court, that the Prisoner, Henry Campbell, suffer Death.


Title: From George Washington to Adam Stephen, 18 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Stephen, Adam

To Lieutenant Colonel Adam Stephen, of the Virginia Regiment.Sir,
[Winchester, 18 May 1756]

When I wrote to you last, I expected to have been at Fort Cumberland ere this; but the multiplicity of business in which I am engaged, will prevent me now until my return from Williamsburgh; which may be sometime hence: as I wait, at this place, the arrival of an association of Gentlemen; who are, I am told by the Governor, to point out the places for Forts to be built on our Frontiers. I am also detained here to construct and erect a fort, which the Governor has ordered to be done with expedition—As it will be necessary to have a number of Carpenters, &c. to carry on the work with spirit, and vigour; you are desired to send down all the men of Captain George Mercers Company; those that are there of Captain Bells—all the men that are really skilled in masonry: and if all these do not make up fifty—you are to complete the party to that number, out of the best Carpenters in other Companies—The rest, with those who now go up, are to remain under the following Officers; videlicet—Captains Cocke, Savage and Bronaugh; Lieutenants Lomax, King, Steenbergen, and Gist—Ensigns Thompson, Dangerfield, Price, and Roy—which will be leaving an officer to have the care of each company. All the rest, with the Adjutant, and as many trusty Sergeants as can be spared; are to be sent down with the party in order to go to Fredericksburgh, and receive the Draughts that will be sent to that place to complete the Regiment. These orders I expect will be strictly

complied with, and the party immediately sent off; as all the Draughts are to rendezvous at Fredericksburgh by the last of this instant.
Let nothing prevent the party from coming off so soon as you receive this; without Mr Boyd and the Officers who have recruiting accompts to settle may require a day or two that can be allowed to settle and prepare their Business in order to bring or send those that do not come, their respective accompts by the Pay-Master; who is ordered down to make a full Settlement for all the money he has received; that I may account with the Committee for my Disbursments. I must desire also that you will commit to his care, all the accompts that you have settled; together with all other papers that have the least tendency to public concerns. Mr Boyd will receive by this conveyance three thousand pounds for payment of the Troops—has orders to pay no Officers who, upon settlement, fall indebted to the Country—and even those that are clear, if they can do without their pay, are desired not to draw for all; if he has not money to pay the Soldiers fully.
I want much to pay them off, to appease murmurs, and silence complaints. I received a Remonstrance of theirs in justification of their Behaviour—Tell them, that I hope their conduct will ever be stimulated by a just sense of their Duty—That Heroick Bravery and Sobriety, influenced by a hearty zeal to serve their country will always be the standard of their actions, and is the certain means of meriting my regard and esteem, as well as obtaining the love and applause of the Country: while a contrary Behaviour, you may strongly assure them, shall never fail to meet with adequate punishments—Instances of this are now before them of Nathan Lewis, Corporal James Thomas, and Henry Campbell—all under Sentence of Death—The first for his cowardice at the action at Edwards’s; the others for desertion. I have a warrant from the Governor for shooting of Lewis, and shall delay the execution until the arrival of the new Recruits. The others were tried but to-day; and the proceedings of the Court will be sent to the Governor; if he approves the Sentence—I shall make it my particular care to see them executed; as I shall every individual that offends in the like cases. Upon the Branch, &c. are the following Militia; and at the following posts—vizt.

At Mendenhalls—Field Officers, none: one Captain, one Lieutenant, two Sergeants, and forty private men—Caroline County
At Ashby’s Fort—Field Officers, none.

                  Two LieutenantsSix SergeantsFifty-six private men
                  }
                  Spotsylvan. K. George & Stafford Co.s

At Pearsals

                  One Field Officer,One CaptainThree LieutenantsOne EnsignFour Sergeant &Ninety private men
                  }
                  Prince-William County

At Kirkendals

                  Field Officers—noneOne CaptainOne LieutenantOne EnsignTwo Sergeants &Forty-five private men
                  }
                  Fairfax County

At Harness’s Fort

                  Field Officers—noneOne LieutenantTwo Sergeants &Twenty-five private men
                  }
                  Orange County

At Waggeners Uper Fort

                  Field Officers—noneOne CaptainOne LieutenantTwo Sergeants &Fifty-one private men
                  }
                  Culpepper County

To be posted by Waggener and Vanmeter—

                  Field Officers—noneOne CaptainOne LieutenantOne EnsignTwo Sergeants &Forty-five private men
                  }
                  Fairfax—

These you are to direct in cases of Emergency how to act

when you have accounts of the Enemy—and always send out to advise them of danger. I had formed another Disposition for these Troops; but by a considerable desertion, after they marched from this place, I was obliged to change it to the above. I expect you will send me a particular Return of the number of men at Fort Cumberland; and the exact strength of each Company at that place, after the party ordered comes from thence. Also, of all the arms, provisions, clothing of all kinds, and Stores of all sorts.
Mr Dick, who is but just arrived from the northward, says, that orders are issued for drawing out all the ammunition and Kings Stores of every kind from Fort-Cumberland. Can not you manage, before these Instructions arrive, to furnish the neighbouring Forts plentifully with all these necessaries? De Fever may be worked upon with good management, I dare say, to deliver them. I have sent up a waggon on purpose to transport a good many of the Tools to this place to carry on the Fort; and beg of you to take particular care in sending them—especially intrenching tools.
I would advise you to have all the arms put into repair, and properly straightened.
Sir John St Clair, when I was at New-York, desired I would send him lists of all those men in the Virginia Regiment who were employed in cutting the Road from Fort Cumberland to the Monangehela last year—They will be allowed six-pence per day; and the Officers three shillings; i.e. the Subalterns: The tests for the number of days are to be signed by the officers. Do speak about it, and have them sent to me, that I may enclose them to the Quarter-Master General. I must desire you will have the Suttlers put under proper restrictions: and order the Officers, as there will be many of them there, to agree and fix reasonable prices upon all Liquors, &c. Do take great pains to prevent all irregularities in the Garrison; but especially those of Drinking, Swearing and Gaming! I could wish to see and find every thing in good order, when the Associators come up; which will be about the last of this instant.
These Associators will be composed of a Body of the best Gentlemen in the Country, headed by the Attorney General. Mr Harvey made me a present of a Marqueé, which he left in charge with Mr Livingston: pray enquire where it is, and order

it to be properly secured. Mr Woodward also gives an order upon Mr Livingston for a Bed-stead, formerly General Braddocks; pray desire Mr Livingston to see it put into the waggon which brings the Tools—and do not let the waggon be overloaded with any private baggage, so that the march of the party be thereby retarded. I must desire you will be very cautious in ordering Mr Boyd to advance money upon any occasion: The Committee do not seem to like it. And I do not know how that matter will be taken—your ordering Captain Gist an hundred pounds: He will fall greatly short when his accompts are settled; and I believe is very unable to pay the Balances.
Pray what is gone with the Horses that were taken up last Fall? I wish it were possible for you to remove the Stores which are at the mouth of Pattersons Creek, to Ashby’s Fort. The Country have at last determined to act defensively; and I believe in a little time will entirely abandon Fort Cumberland. They have resolved, that the Draughts that are now raising, shall not be marched out of the Colony. If you find it impracticable at this time to remove the Stores before spoken of; do endeavour to have that lodgment made as tenable as possible; strengthen the Garrison; and put a more experienced Officer than Mr Brockenbrough at it; whose youth perhaps may be a means of his doing something inconsistent.
If any Officers at the Fort have the prices of necessaries to deduct from the pay of those men that are either at the Branch with Captain Waggener; at Edwards’s, Conogochieg, or at this place; they are to enclose lists thereof to their Officers, that such stoppages may be made; for the pay-master will have orders to clear all off. And he is, if it is found any way convenient, to come down the old road, that he may pay off Ashbys Rangers and Cockes’s—leave money there to be sent to Waggener; and also to pay off the party posted at Edwards’s. Since writing the above, I find it absolutely necessary that the party ordered, should come down by Ashby’s &c. for the reasons aforesaid. I also desire that you will by no means fail to send all the Masons at Fort Cumberland even if Captain Mercer and Bells men should exceed fifty. There come up thirteen of the Nottaway Indians, and I recommend them to your care and direction: They may be serviceable with proper management. I promised them a Jacket a-piece; which you must give them, if such things

can be procurred there—any other little necessaries may be ordered them—but take great care to keep them from liquor. I am informed many of the Soldiers are affected by the wild Sallad they eat: Therefore I would recommend that care should be taken to prevent it. Some of the Volunteers have wrote to me concerning their expectations—Tell them I have no Commissions by me at present; nor do I know what Regulations the Governor will make in the Regiment. There are vacancies which they must fill—but this can not be done, until I go down or hear from the Governour. I am &c.

Go:W.
Winchester, May 18th 1756.


Title: Memorandum respecting the Militia, 19 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 19 May 1756]

19 The Express returnd from Colo. Slaughter who also informd that his Men were dispersd but if they cd be gatherd again he wd be here on Thursday.


Title: Orders, 19 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Tunbridge.
Winchester: Wednesday, May 19th 1756.

Ensign McCarty is ordered to make all the Soldiers now left in town, encamp; and to see that the Rolls are called over every night at Tattoo—and to order that they all remain in their Tents after that time; and do not presume afterwards to come into Town, to breed Riots and Quarrels, which they are but too subject to, when they get drunk. The Guard is reduced to one Sergeant, one Corporal, and ten men.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Spotswood, 19 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Spotswood, Robert

To Captain Robert Spotswood. of the Virginia Regiment.Sir,
[Winchester, 19 May 1756]

You are hereby ordered to proceed with the Detachment under your command, to Fort Cumberland; and to use as much expedition as possible in your march. You must use every precaution to secure your march and to make the best disposition you can in case of an attack—Let there be constant flanking parties kept out; and always van and rear-guards. If you could get an Indian or two (more I would not advise,) to join a man acquainted with the Road, to march always a mile or so before, with orders to halt at such and such places, until you come up—it would be a certain means of giving you notice of the enemys approach to prepare for their reception; which I would do by ordering my men in ambush on each side of the road, and so drawing the enemy in between.
Your whole Detachment should be divided into platoons; each Officer having his Instructions, that he may know how to act without confusion, and what post to take.
Your own good sense, and the Officers advice will regulate

your conduct in other particulars. I heartily wish you a good march, and am Sir, Yours &c.

G:W.
Winchester, May 19th 1756.


Title: To George Washington from Adam Stephen, 19 May 1756
From: Stephen, Adam
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Fort Cumberland [Md.] May 19th 1756.

I reced yours of the twelveth—I am sorry that I did not receive yours from Quantico dated March 25th untill my Boy Came Up—I would have turned the Table directly, to the great Confusion of a cringing Tatling Set, whom I cannot easily forgive. However I gave up nothing; I had my own guard, my Own report, I orderd Out all detachmt and gave them all their Instructions.
The Old Gentleman meddles with nothing; not even the Parole; desird that we Would look on him as a mere pasenger—a transient person willing to give advice if necessary.
I think you should be very Cautious in discharging the militia—Expence is not to be Considered at this juncture—It would have been a Saving to the Colony that an Equal number had been kept in pay Since Christmas last. What Assurance have you, that 2000 of the Enemy are not Settled at the great Crossing? Get proper intelligence before you dismiss any. Consider if any thing happened to Scare off two or three thousand more inhabitants, would not your Country justly upbraid you for dismissing the men Sent out for a Barrier? Youll easily pardon me this freedom, when I assure you that it proceeds from the regard I have for your interest, without any arrogance, or inclination to direct. I should be extreamly glad to see you here, with a sufficient number of men to bring intelligence from Gists plantation—you could then judge better what was to be done.
If the Malitia cannot be orderd out that far—you will find Volunteers enough for that purpose.

This juncture may afford hopes to some gentlemen that do not well deserve—if things are not taken notice of in a proper manner, Expectations will never be answerd. At meeting, I shall represent Several things to you, in the most disinterested manner, and you can do as you think proper; and after doing So, I shall have discharged my Duty.
There are signs of more Indians come down—I am with Respect, Sir, your most obt huble Sert

Adam Stephen


Title: Memorandum respecting the Militia, 20 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 20 May 1756]

May 20th Abt 9 o’clock this Night an Express came to Me from Colo. Slaughter who informed Me that he had met at the Place appointed for the Rendezvous of his Militia but that only 8 or 9 appeared, desired to know if he shoud farther endeavour to collect. he believed it might be done so soon as they recovered a little from the Fatigue of their March—I wrote him by this Express & desired him as I had heard nothing of the Enemy since to postpone bringing up any Men till they were drafted, wch I recommended to him to be done wth the greatest

Expedition, also if it woud not be contrary to the Govrs orders to him to march his Men so soon as draftd to this Place, as it woud save much Time & Expence.


Title: Orders, 20 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Virginia.
Winchester: Thursday May 20th 1756.

A Regimental court martial to sit immediately for trial of Barnaby Cone, for making a false alarm.
The Officers are to see that the Sergeants drill the new Recruits in town at least twice a-day.
Evening Orders.
A Sergeant and twelve men to parade to-morrow morning at Sun-rise, as a working party: To apply to Commissary Walker for his Directions.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Slaughter, 20 May 1756 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Slaughter, Thomas

Letter not found: to Thomas Slaughter, 20 May 1756. On 20 May 1756 in a memorandum, GW wrote: “I wrote him [Slaughter] by this Express.”


Title: To George Washington from William Fairfax, 20 May 1756
From: Fairfax, William
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Alexandria. 20th May 1756

I receiv’d Yrs by the return of Mr Dorrel. I am glad that your Presence has encouragd the few remaining Inhabitants in Winchester and Neighbourhood to wait and see the Issue of your Resolutions and when it was known Colo. J. Wood deserted, no doubt his Example causd many to think their Case desperate.
It gives Me concern, that your Causes of Uneasiness continue. You have heard the Governor sometimes and I often, say

that his being unacquainted with Military Operations, gives Him much Trouble in forming the requisite Instructions & Directions which are consequently liable to Mistakes. You mention his Orders to build a Fort at Winchester, but the Size, Form, Costs &c. not incerted. It must be therefore supposd, As You are on the Spot You can best judge of the Size and Form which if You will accordingly send a Plan of and an Estimate of the Charges I imagine It will meet with Approbation; Also in other Matters where You have no express Instruction, Your own Judgment and on great Purposes (the Advice & Concurrences of your Officers) will be a sufficient Satisfaction to justifie your Proceeding; And I have before said Your Friends have a good Opinion of your Merit and will support your Endeavors, being very sencible You have the Country’s Cause at Heart and I have no doubt that Lord Loudon will give You Proofs of his Friendship—As to Bryan Fx if You think You have not warrantable Authority to appoint Him an Officer, after having told You the Governor mentiond to Me that You had his Leave I think Bryan should return, for to remain as a Cadet in our Regiment can answer no reasonable Purposes. If He desires to lead a Military Life I may perhaps make Interest wth Lord Loudon to give him Some Commission—I have Suspended getting the Regimentals till I further know the Result.
We at Belvoir shall be very glad when Mr John Washington prevails wth his worthy Espoused to come and reside at Mount Vernon if agreable to your Liking—Wishing You every desirable Enjoyment I am with affecte Esteem Dr Sr Yr assurd Friend &c.

W. Fairfax


Title: Orders, 21–22 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Westminster.
[21, 22 May 1756]Winchester—Friday, May 21st 1756.

A Regimental Court Martial to sit immediately for trial of John McMillian.
An Order was lately given out for the Officers to see that the men kept their arms constantly in good repair: But as the sense of this order seems to have been mistaken, by its not being strictly complied with—(the Guns perhaps may fire;) but that is not all that is expected. Therefore Colonel Washington now expressly orders, that every Soldier who does not appear on the parade at the usual hours, with his Firelock bright and clean, and otherwise in good order, according to the custom of the Army; that he shall be immediately confined and tried by a Court Martial.
It is expected the Officers will see this order strictly complied with; as the sense of it now, can not be misconstrued: and if it is neglected to be duly executed; the Officer, to whom such Soldier belongs, must expect to answer Disobedience of orders.

Yarmouth.
Winchester: Saturday, May 22, 1756.


Title: To George Washington from John Tayloe, 22 May 1756
From: Tayloe, John
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fredbg May 22d 1756

My friend & Kinsman Capt. Wm Peachey informing me that he stood in need of a little more money than his pay I take the

freedom to request the favour of you to supply him & I will gratefully discharge any of his engagements to you or your order & hope his Conduct may intitle him to that from you which to a generous mind is more valluable than even Gold.
I have engaged to one Briggs who comes with the Patriot Blews to mention him to your favour after he is discharged from that Service as he is desirous then of entering into Your Regiment if he can be preferred to any Post—he comes under my subscription & will be mentioned to you by my best friend Colo. Presly Thornton who will have the best oportunity of Judgeing of his Meritt I heartily wish so Laudable an undertaking may have its desired good ends & that you may have the satisfaction of speedyly restoreing tranquility to our Country. I am with a Sincere regard for your Meritt Sr Your Obedt Hble Servt

John Tayloe


Title: From George Washington to Robert Dinwiddie, 23 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Dinwiddie, Robert

[Winchester, 23 May 1756]
To the Honourable Robert Dinwiddie esq. Governour of Virginia.Honble Sir,

The method I shall use to inform your Honour of the proceedings of the Militia, is to enclose a Transcript of my Journal that relates to that Affair; and to send a copy of a Council of War held here by the Field Officers of these Counties you were pleased to order to our assistance—These, I hope, will be sufficient to discover the springs that actuated my Conduct.
The spirit of Desertion was so remarkable in the Militia, that it had a surprizing effect upon the Regiment, and encouraged many of the Soldiers to desert: but as I never had failed in sending Officers on different roads upon the first reports, so neither did I neglect it now; and luckily caught two; who being brought to trial, were both convicted—as your Honour will see by the Courts proceedings. James Thomas, one of them, was among the first of my followes; and always behaved himself with great sobriety, honesty and diligence, so far as I have ever seen or heard. And I imagine, if he did not lose the money, as he says in his defence; he might be prevailed upon to spend a part in liquour—and then was afraid to meet his officer with the rest.
The other criminal, Henry Campbell, is a most atrocious villain, and richly merits an ignominious Death, for a former as well as the present, offence. He was once a Sergeant, and entrusted with some Goods from Alexandria; part of which he embezzled; and because it could not be absolutely proved, was only Reduced. After that, [(]in December last) he deserted, and carried several men with him: and, upon the most solemn promises of good Behaviour, was pardoned—But for this only reason—we had no power to hold General Courts martial. and now he was instrumental in carrying off seven others; two only of whom were taken. For these reasons I hope your Honour

will think him as worthy an Example against Desertion, as Lewis against Cowardice: whose execution I have delayed until the arrival of the Draughts. These Examples, and proper encouragement for good Behaviour, will I hope, bring the Soldiers under proper Discipline. I found it absolutely impossible to go to Fort Cumberland at this time, without letting matters of greater importance suffer in my absence here: Such a multiplicity of different kinds of Business am I at present engaged in.
Governour Innes is gone up; who I hope will assist with his advice in setting things to rights, if any irregularities have been practised contrary to the custom of the army. But I can not find, by any enquiries that I have been able to make, that there have.
I have ordered a sufficiency of Officers to be left at Fort Cumberland, and the rest to repair to this place; in order to proceed to Fredericksburgh, agreeably to your Honours Commands: and, as soon as the Gentlemen, Associators arrive here, I shall take that place in my way to Williamsburgh, to settle my accompts, and receive more money, which is already scarce with me.
I am heartily glad your Honour has fixed upon those Gentlemen to point out the place for erecting of Forts; but am sorry to find their motions are so slow—The summer season will be so far advanced, that if we meet with opposition in conducting the work; the difficulties and delays that must attend the execution, can not be described.
It gave me infinite concern to find the Assembly had levied their Troops until December only: By the time they shall have entered into the Service, they will claim a Discharge—To get the least smattering of the Duty, they can not; and we find by experience, that our poor and ragged Soldiers, would kill the most likely Militia in five days marching: so little are the latter acquainted with Fatigue. Men would almost as soon have entered the Service for seventeen months as for seven—and in that time I am convinced, we could have enlisted them all upon our own terms. as it is, some perhaps may be got: Pray does your Honour approve that they should? One of those would be of more worth than two of the others.
Your Honour, in a letter of the  ultimo, approved of the Scheme I sent down for forming the Regiment into two Battalions of twenty companies (giving the Field Officers each

one;) but never gave any directions concerning the appointment. Nor do I think there can be any plan judiciously concerted, until we know what number of Forts are to be built on our Frontiers; as the number of our Companies must in a great measure depend upon the Divisions of the Regiment. As the case now stands, there are several vacancies in the Regiment; and I have but one blank commission: Though if I had, I should not think it prudent to fill up more, until matters are a little better regulated.
At this place I have begun the Fort according to your Orders; and found, as little of the matter as I know myself, the work could not be conducted if I was away: which was one among many reasons, that detained me here—I have also ordered Captain Stewart, who commands at Conogochieg, to fortify that place as well as he can, with the Tools he can procure. And shall endeavour in all things, so far as I am capable, to act for the best.
Mr Dick (who is just returned from the northward) says, There are Orders for drawing out all the ammunition and other Stores that belong to the Train at Fort Cumberland; and to send them immediately round to New-York.
I have thought it expedient to give your Honour the earliest advice, that you may order accordingly: For should this be done, it will leave that place entirely defenceless; and stop the source that can supply us otherwise. I have given Colonel Stephen previous notice of it; and have desired he will work on the conductor of the Train (in whose care it is left) and have the Forts of Ashby, Cockes, &c. plentifully furnished before such an order arrives. I am &c.

G:W.
Winchester—May 23, 1756.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Dinwiddie, 23 May 1756 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Dinwiddie, Robert

Letter not found: to Robert Dinwiddie, 23 May 1756. On 27 May 1756 Dinwiddie wrote to GW: “Your two Letters of the 23rd I recd last Night.” Only one of the two has been found.


Title: From George Washington to Henry Woodward, 24 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Woodward, Henry

[Winchester, 24 May 1756]
To Captain Henry Woodward. of the Virginia Regiment.

You are to proceed with the officers now in Town—except Ensign McCarty, with all possible dispatch to Fredericksburgh; to receive the Draughts that will be sent to that place, by order of his Honour, the Governour. Take particular care that there are exact Returns made every day of their numbers; that no unnecessary provisions be drawn: The Commissary must direct you how to get supplied with provision. The Draughts are to be formed into Companies of fifty men, with a Captain, Lieutenant, and Ensign, appointed to each; who are to have the immediate charge of them, until they are marched to this place—which must be as fast as they are formed.
The Rolls must be called regularly three times a-day; and every precaution taken to prevent desertion: If it so happens that any do desert; you are to send Officers immediately after them. You are not to provide the men with necessaries there (unless it should be the Governours orders:) They must wait until they come to this place. When a Senior Officer arrives, give him these Instructions, and put yourself under his command. Given at Winchester, May 24th 1756.

G:W.


Title: Advertisement, 24 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 24 May 1756]

Advertisement.
Whereas I have great reason to believe, the Dangers apprehended from the French and Indian incursions are now pretty much over—none of them being seen or heard of for sometime past; and having certain advice of several parties of them returning over the Alleghany mountains—I take this method of informing and perswading those unfortunate people who were obliged to abandon their Plantations, of their security and necessity to return again—Numbers of the militia being already, and more will be very soon, so posted and dispersed around the Frontiers—Building Forts, scouting, scouring and pattrolling the woods—that the least appearance of the Enemy will soon be discovered and every necessary measure taken to repel them, and defend the Inhabitants from any danger or trouble. It is to be hoped, the people will pay regard to this notice; if their own interests or the public good can be motives to prevail with them to return and take care of their cattle and Crops. As they will be so well guarded and defended, that with good assistance, they may for the future live in the greatest security and peace.

G:W.
May 24th 1756.


Title: Orders, 25–26 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

—Bravery.
[25, 26 May 1756]Winchester—Tuesday May 25th 1756.

—Courage.
Winchester Wednesday May 26th 1756.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Stewart, 26 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Stewart, Robert

[Winchester, 26 May 1756]
To Captain Robert Stewart, of the Virginia Regiment.Sir,

I received yours of the 23d instant—and have directed the Commissary to send you by the first waggon, the Things you wrote for; except the cartridge-paper, which we have not: you must do the best you can without it.
Let the men all get Horns and Pouches. By the first conveyance you will receive six axes, eight blankets, three bayonets, and twelve cartouch-boxes.
You must order Captain Bell and Ensign Weedon to this place immediately—Ensign Deane will take care of Captain Bells Company under your direction—The others must, as soon as they arrive here, set out immediately for Fredericksburgh, to receive the Draughts for the Regiment. I am &c.

G:W.
Winchester—May 26th 1756.


Title: Evening Orders, 26 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 26 May 1756]

Evening Orders.
As many Draughts are expected up for the Regiment immediately—the Commissary is to call in all the countrys arms, which he has delivered out of the Stores, upon receipts given to the people. If the people of the Town or Country, have any arms, clothes, Blankets, &c. &c. belonging to the Soldiers, which they have bought; they are desired to give them in immediately to the commanding officer: If they are found in their possession after issuing this order; they must expect to be prosecuted to the utmost rigour of the Law; which has laid a penalty

of twenty pounds (upon any person who buys or exchanges any arms, Clothes &c. with a Soldier;) to be paid to the Informer.
The Commissary by the first conveyance to Conogochieg, is to send Captain Stewart, commanding Officer at that place, six axes, eight blankets, three bayonets, and twelve cartouch-boxes.


Title: To George Washington from Adam Stephen, 29 May 1756
From: Stephen, Adam
To: Washington, George

Sir,
F. Cumberland [Md.] May 29th 1756

You have no doubt heard of the Party of Volunters who went out under command of Colo. Cressop; He returned about noon with about 60 of them & Six of the Nottawaies—About bare Camp, his men mutinied, Some were for one thing and some for another—Lt Gist went from this place with him, with Eighteen men of the Regimt and Seven Indians—In Compliance with the mutinous tempers of the men rather than with any reasonable view they divided their men—Mr Cressop with the men under his Command Set off to fall in upon Y—Youghgane above the G. Crossing, whilst Lt Gist marchd with the Soldiers, Indian Capt. Tom, & Sixteen Volunteers Straight to it, and about a Quarter of a mile above the Spring on the Top of the mountains fell in with a party of the Enemy. The Skirmish lasted near an hour, The Enemy behaved with great Resolution and constantly aim’d at Surrounding our men, who on their part behavd extreamly well, prevented the Enemies designs and, According to our Acct, killed Six of them, with the loss of two of themselves—There are only two of the men who were in that engagemt come in yet. They overtook Mr Cressop on his Return, with the numr abov[e] mentd, instead of marching for the River, which I am afraid will lead Mr Gist into a mistaske—In their Return they fell in with three or four Indians, one of

Whom they Scalpd, & wounded two more mortally, but his Men were in such a pannick that he could not prevail on them to Stay and look for them.
The Enemy with whom Liut. Gist fell in were on thier way down—I have not heard thier number—They may be the advanced guard of an Army for what I know. The Serjt who is come in, Says that they left the field, upon hearing a gun fird at a distance, and a great hollowing coming from the Crossing.
I am anxious about Mr Gist and the men under his Command. I hope you will Send us up Some of the Recruits as soon as possible I am Sir, Your most Obt huble Sert

Adam Stephen


Title: Orders, 30–31 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Gratitude.
[30, 31 May 1756]Winchester: Sunday, May 30th 1756.

Honour.
Winchester: Monday, May 31st 1756.


Title: To George Washington from Adam Stephen, 31 May 1756
From: Stephen, Adam
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Fort Cumberland [Md.] May 31st 1756

I wrote you Saturday last, concerning Cressop’s Party, who has behavd very ill, and about the Skirmish Mr Gist’s Party had with the French and Indians.
The Enemy was observed to Dispatch a Runner towards the Crossing immediatly on their meeting our Party—Lieut. Gist brought off the men very prettily, but with the Loss of four, as You will see in the Return—Both parties behaved with great Resolution, and altho. our men quit the Field at last—They Seem to have more Courage, and are all of Opinion that they had the Advantage, giving a Circumstantial Acct of a Frenchman and Seven Indian’s being killed.
I forgot my acct in my last, and miss’d inclosing it in the Packet. I have been Oblig’d to Borrow £21.19.1 to Pay Some of Gists Recruits According to the Within Muster-Roll—Lt Gist being out on Command when the paymaster paid the Troops of the garrison—The men are Scandalously nakek.
The Indians have Blazed a path from the Crossing of Savage River on the Allegany Road, cross towards Potowmack a nearer way than to Come to the foot of the mountain on this Side. I am, Sir, your most obt huble Servt

Adam Stephen