Title: To John Adams from C. W. F. Dumas, 10 February 1781
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

Honoured & dear Sir
La haie 9 10. Janvier Fevr. 1781

Je suis encore inconsolable de la publication précipitée de la Résolution: car elle m’a fait manquer l’occasion d’une adresse toute belle et toute naturelle que j’aurois pu faire de votre part à certaine Cour par le moyen de son Ministre ici, et même de ménager une premiere entrevue entre vous et lui à cette occasion. L’A—— r de notre Allié pense comme moi. Il a approuvé la maniere dont j’ai tiré parti des debris de cette occasion manquée, ainsi que l’adresse dont je vous envoyai hier copie, et que je lui ai montrée ce matin. Du reste il pense comme vous, que si Vous Monsieur, ou quelque autre Plénipotentiaire Am. concluiez un Traité avec quelque Puissance, quand même elle ne seroit pas nommée dans vos pouvoirs, un tel Traité ne fût valable et confirmé par le C–; enfin que, Si en vertu de l’article 10 que vous citez, Sa Cour devoit faire l’invitation, il faudroit commencer par en requerir le R——.
Les Etats provinciaux d’Hollde. se sont séparés, et ne se rassembleront que Mercredi prochain en huit. Je puis donc, si vous le desirez, m’absenter d’ici et aller passer cet intervalle à Amsterdam, Soit chez vous, Soit chez Mr. De N——, qui m’invite. Permettez seulement que je vous découvre candidement l’embarras où je me trouve constamment, toutes les fois qu’il s’agit de voyager. C’est que la somme très-modique, qui m’a été allouée jusqu’ici pour vivre, et pour les fraix que le service des Etats Unis m’occasionne, ne me permet pas de faire souvent de ces voyages, malgré toute l’économie que je puis y mettre, Sans m’incommoder beaucoup, à moins que vous ne puissiez et vouliez prendre Sur vous, Monsieur, de mettre ces fraix-là, lorsque je vous en rendrai compte, à la charge du Congrès: car je ne puis les répéter de Mr. F—— n, qui m’a renvoyé à l’égard de toute augmentation ultérieure, à ce que le Congrès ordonnera de moi et de mon sort. Il seroit bon, cependant, que je pusse profiter de ces Intervalles, où il n’y a rien à faire ici, pour aller les passer à Amstm., sur-tout dans le temps que vous y êtes.
Entre nous, Mr. De N—— desire que j’aille chez lui pour lui aider (apparemment pour l’Impression) à un Emprunt qu’il va ouvrir, dit-il. Ayez la bonté de me marquer ce qui en est, sans faire semblant avec lui que je vous en aie écrit. Assurément, Si je puis être utile en cela, comme en toute autre chose, je Suis prêt à partir au premier ordre.
Mr. C—— a fait une vilaine faute dans la traduction de la Résolution. Il fait dire une fausseté au Congrès en traduisant comme S’il y avoit invited thereto, au lieu qu’il y a if invited thereto. C’est Mr. l’A——r de fce. qui me l’a fait remarquer: car je n’ai point lu le reste de la traduction, l’Ambr. ne pouvant me laisser cette Gazette, parce qu’il devoit l’envoyer en Fce. Quant au Minre. à qui j’ai fait remettre une Copie de cette Traduction pour sa Cour, il m’a fait remercier: mais je n’ai pu le revoir encore, parce qu’il S’est trouvé tous ces jours fort occupé. Et d’ailleurs, je dois un peu ménager mes visites là jusqu’à ce que sa Cour soit décidée à la guerre: ce qui dépend de la conduite de celle de nos ennemis.
Je Suis avec un vrai & sincere respect Monsieur Votre très-humble & très-obéissant servit.

Dumas


Title: C. W. F. Dumas to John Adams: A Translation, 10 February 1781
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

Honoured & dear Sir
The Hague, 9 10 January February 1781

I am still disconsolate about the precipitous publication of the resolution. Because of it, I missed the opportunity to write, on your behalf, a fine and natural address to a certain court to be conveyed by its minister here, and beyond that to arrange an introductory meeting here between you and him on this occasion. The ambassador of our ally thinks as I do. He approved of the manner in which I took advantage of this missed opportunity, that is, the address I sent you yesterday and showed him this morning. Moreover, he agrees with you that if you or some other American plenipotentiary concluded a treaty with one of the powers, despite it not being listed among your powers, such a treaty would be neither valid nor confirmed by Congress; and finally, that if his court should issue an invitation under the terms of Article 10, which you cite, it would have to originate from a request to the King.
The provincial states of Holland have adjourned and will not reassemble until one week from Wednesday. I could therefore leave here, if you wish, and come to Amsterdam, where I could stay either with you or with Mr. de Neufville, who invited me. Allow me to tell you candidly of the predicament that I constantly find myself in when it comes to travel. The modest sum, which is allotted to me for living expenses and for expenses incurred in my service to the United States, does not allow me to take trips very often, no matter how frugal I may be, without a great deal of inconvenience. Perhaps if you could and would take it upon yourself, sir, to charge these costs to Congress, as soon as I give you an account of them, since I cannot ask Mr. Franklin who dismissed consideration of any further increase other than what Congress will allow for me and others in my position. In the meantime, it would be good if I could profit from these intervals, in which I have nothing to do here, by going to Amsterdam, especially when you are there.
Between us, Mr. de Neufville wants me to go to him in order, he said, to help him (apparently for the impression) with a loan he is going to open. Have the goodness to tell me what it is about, without letting him know that I wrote you about it. Assuredly, if I can be of any use in this matter, or in any other, I would be ready to leave immediately.
Mr. Cerisier made a terrible mistake in the translation of the resolution. He erroneously rendered Congress’ words as invited thereto rather than if invited thereto. It was the ambassador of France who pointed it out to me. I hardly read the rest of the translation, because the ambassador could not leave me the Gazette since he had to send it on to France. As for the minister to whom I gave a copy of the translation for his court, he thanked me. But I have not seen him again since then because he is so busy these days. Moreover, I must be prudent about my visits until his court makes a decision about the war, which depends on the conduct of that of our enemies. I am with true and sincere respect, sir, your very humble and very obedient servant

Dumas


Title: From John Adams to Edmund Jenings, 11 February 1781
From: Adams, John
To: Jenings, Edmund

Dear Sir

11. Feb. 1781

I thank you for the Translation, which came to hand yesterday. I do myself the Honour to inclose you, a Pamphlet, translated from the third Edition of the Dutch. It was written by Mr. Calkoen they pronounce it Kalkoon, a Lawyer of the first Character here, with whom I am very well acquainted. The Pamphlet is a consummate Justification of Van Berkel, Tamminck and all the Rest. It is amazing that York should have been thirty Years here, and learnt no more of the Constitution and History.
What is become of the Remarks upon Galloway? That curious one, has now attacked Keppel. Strange that such a low, lying fellow should make such a Noise. The Ministry themselves will soon be cheated by that Wretch and abandon him.


Title: To John Adams from Thomas Digges, 11 February 1781
From: Digges, Thomas,Church, William Singleton
To: Adams, John

Dr Sir

Feby. 11. 1781

My long silence has not been owing to any want of regard or attention to you, but has been solely occasiond by the imprudence and folly of some young men, whose conduct has produced a general hunt after Amns., the stoppage of letters, seizure of baggage &c. &c.—and it seems as if it would never have an end. The last who went from here Mr. Warren may have explaind in part what has happend. I am sorry to say, entre nous, that the bad refugee company that He kept here was in great measure the cause of his trouble and he seemingly got what He deservd. His imprudence and that of Mr. Brailsford will most likely be the cause of Trumbulls confinement many months longer than it otherways would, and I am very sorry for Him, because He is the only prudent and discreet Amn. I have seen here for a long time back. I wish to God they were all either gone or taken up, and that my Countrymen woud not permit their fools to come abroad.
The Bearer will explain his case and situation to You, He seems a clever deserving man and may stand in need of Your advice and recommendation how to act in the business He is upon, which is the recovery of some debts due to Him in Holland. Please to mention Him to Mr. Jan Spuyt, to whom He may be of service.
He will explain the state of things here better than I can do in the short space I have to write. He is Captain G—— r—— sh from your neighbourhood in this kingdom. Please to appologise to Mr. Spuyt for my want of time to write Him. The times are too much against us yet to open the contraband commerce which we formerly dealt in successfully, and I do not yet know the charges of sending goods via Ostend.
I have lately forwarded you four or five parcells books by that rout. I send them to Mr. Frs. Bowens mert. Ostend with an under cover For Messrs. De Neufville & son which also covers another direction to Mr. Schorn. I some time ago forwarded a letter from Mr. Jones to Mr. S—— rle. Pray inquire of Mr. S– le if He ever got it for having no answer, there is uneasiness about it.

I am yrs mo Respectfully
W. S. C.

I sent yesterday a small parcell pamphlets to Ostend as above.


Title: From John Adams to C. W. F. Dumas, 12 February 1781
From: Adams, John
To: Dumas, Charles William Frederic

Sir
Amsterdam Feb. 12. 1781

I have received yours of the 9 and 10th. of this month. The Resolution of Congress is printed and published in the publick Journal of Congress and of Course in all the American News papers, and all the other Newspapers of the World. Congress have a Secret Journal, in which, they enter every Thing that they mean to keep Secret, and a publick Journal which is printed every day. Whatever is inserted in this Congress mean and intend, Shall be made known immediately to all the World. Accordingly whatever any European Novellist can find, in this Journal is free Booty. It was necessary moreover that this Resolution Should be published in Europe without Loss of Time, for the Government of American Frigates, Privateers and Letters of Mark, who before this Resolution did not hold themselves bound by the armed Neutrality, any more than Spain does now towards Denmark. Moreover a Publication of it here was all the Use that could consistantly be made of it, at present as I have not received any Authenticated Copy of the Resolution other than the Journal.
I know not the Motives which Mr. De Neufville had in inviting you to Amsterdam, unless it was for the Sake of good Company, which is Motive enough. I am now very busy, in finishing my Plan of a Loan, when it is done, I will go to Leyden and either wait on you at the Hague, or ask the Favour of you to meet me at Leyden.
I have it not in my Power, at present, to do any Thing more than Mr. Franklin has done, that is refer you to Congress, respecting the Subject of Money. I think however, it will not be long before, Somebody or other will have Power, to decide upon that matter, here.

Pray have you a Cypher from Mr. Lovel? I have a long Letter from him, which is absolutely unintelligible to me, for want of his Cypher.
I have the Honour to be, with great Respect, sir your most humble servant

John Adams


Title: To John Adams from Francis Dana, 12 February 1781
From: Dana, Francis
To: Adams, John

Dear Sir
Paris Feby. 12th. 1781Hotel Valois, Rue Richelieu

Just in the moment I was sitting down to write to you, I had the pleasure of your’s of the 8th. instant in which you acknowledge the receipt of mine of the 1st. and of another without date. I am glad the packet has reached you safely. There were no letters from Mrs. Adams, Mrs. Dana, or from any of our Friends in our quarter. The vessel which brought your letters, came from Philadelphia. The two papers mention’d to have been received in the duplicate, and which were not in the original, if I am not mistaken, were the Minister’s last letter but one (the last I sent on after you to Holland) to you, and your last to him. I do not comprehend you, when you say “I am prepared in my own mind to receive from Congress, Resolutions of a different nature.” I will ask for the key spoken of in my last, the first time I see D.D. Benjamin Franklin. I have communicated the whole I have received respecting a certain declaration; the omission you point out, is certainly of essential importance: for without it is supplied, nothing, if an occasion shoud offer, can regularly be done in the business. I beleive there will be full time to give a hint of this to the Committee of F.A. It is my present Intention to write to them this week, when I shall not fail to suggest that, as well as some other things, in which we certainly want information. I will talk with D.D. Benjamin Franklin and Funn James Searle, upon the subject you desire; but I expect the former will be exceeding costive. I am glad to find you entertain so agreable an Idea of our Affairs. The three Croakers you name, are Men of very different characters. I have nothing to say about the Integrity of the first or the last of them. The middle one, has, I believe, much Integrity, Industry and good Sense. A very good apology may be made for his painting the distresses of our army in as strong colours as possible: yet I believe the Enemy have made some additions to his letter, as they did to the applications of the Officers to the Governments. This an American paper charges them with doing. The first gentleman means to hold himself up as the great character who is to bring order out of chaos. You and I know him to be as vain glorious a mortal as lives. But what think you of V’sArthur Lee’s letters? Will he never learn any prudence? I am at a loss to know what BruxRalph Izard is about. We hear nothing of him. He has probably drank plentifully of the Waters of Lethe and become as calm as a Lamb. The omission of Francisco Silas Deane does not surprise me. He cannot look an honest Man in the face, whom he supposes to be acquainted with his conduct. I hope the great matters move on in a proper direction, though they advance with such deliberation. I have not yet learnt any thing about Davis. I rather suppose him to have arrived. One of the vessels from Marstrand is taken: the name I do not recollect.
I am exceedingly obliged to Mrs. A and Mrs. W. for their kind rememberance of me; and beg you to return them my warmest thanks whenever you write to them. I wish Mrs. D. had half the Philosophy of either of them: but her’s seems to have forsaken her.
I am happy to have it in my power to enable you to contradict the report of the revolt of Genl. Ethan Allen with a number of the Inhabitants of Vermont, which the British are industriously circulating through Europe. I yesterday saw a young gentleman of Boston, son of Mr. Gawen Brown, who left Rhode Island on the 28th. of Decr: (the british accounts from N.Y. come no lower than the 20th. touching this matter) in a French Transport: who tells me before he left Boston, they had the report of this defection there—that it was not true—that Allen and some others of the Vermont Inhabitants were armed with a fixed determination to oppose the annexing that Country to the Government of N York chiefly; and that they insisted that keeping their independency as one State of the Union: but ’tis probable this matter will not be decided by battle. Congress seem to be acting with much prudence in it, and it may be finally agreed the people of that territory shall be adopted into the Union, as the properest measure to put an end to the contested claims of N.Y., M. and N.H. I see no evil from such a measure, but a contrary decision may be pregnant with mischief to the whole. Tho’ Allen may want principle, yet I think he has sense enough to discern that his ruin woud be the consequence of such an Act of Perfidy. Mr. Brown tells me that money was scarce in our quarter, but that there was more silver and gold passing than paper. He came away very suddenly, and secretly, as the departure of the transports (6) from Newport was communicated to very few, least the Enemy’s fleet, which were cruising off the harbour, might get intelligence of it. They all sailed in the night, and escaped; five of them are arrived. He brings no letters—but says a good harmony subsisted between our people and the French Troops, and that the former were not thirsting after peace. I lately wrote to Mr. Thaxter who I am told continues at Leyden with the young gentlemen. My letter was directed to him at Amsterdam. I hope he has received it. I must desire you to direct Stevens to enquire always at the office for letters for me: as I wrote from thence, my friends may direct to me there. Please to present my regards to all our friends near you. I am, dear Sir, with much sincerity, your obliged friend & humble Servt

FRA DANA

P.S. Mr. Searle and the Abbés desire to be affectionately remembered to you.


Title: To John Adams from C. W. F. Dumas, 15 February 1781
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

Honoured & Dear Sir
Lahaie 15e. fevr. 1781

Sans vouloir rien opposer aux bonnes raisons que vous donnez dans votre faveur du 12e. pour la prompte publication de la Résolution du Congrès, j’aurois voulu au moins avoir pu pourtant la différer d’un ordinaire, pour les raisons que j’ai eu l’honneur de vous dire: et la Copie imprimée que vous avez, eût été un garant suffisant pour la démarche que j’aurois faite, pour vous faire entrer dès à présent en liaison avec un Ministre, et par lui avec sa Cour, avec lequel je crois que votre Commission vous liera tôt ou tard. Quant à présent, il ne se passe rien ici qui mérite votre attention. On attend un Courier vers la fin de ce mois, en réponse à la Réclame que la Rep. a faite par Courier le 12e. Janv., des vaisseaux pris, et de l’assistance Stipulée. Ce Courier, je pense, apportera des Dépêches preparatoires à la paix ou à la guerre continuée avec l’Angleterre, selon que celle-ci se montrera raisonnable ou rétive.
J’ai un chiffre avec le Committé des affaires étrangeres, depuis le commencement de ma Correspondance avec le Congrès. Si Mr. Lovell S’est servi de celui-là, il me sera aisé de vous déchiffrer la Lettre qu’il vous a écrite, si vous voulez m’envoyer cette Lettre, ou une copie.
Les affaires des Anglois Sont en mauvais état dans les Indes-or. Hyder-Aly-Can leur a pris Mahé, place qu’ils avoient conquise sur la France; les Marates les ont battus dans l’Arcote. Toutes leurs forces là ne consistent actuellement qu’en trois vaisseaux de Ligne et quelques fregattes. Les François appellés par Hyder-Aly-Can y Sont allés, forts de cinq vaisseaux de Ligne.
J’espere, Monsieur, que vous avez envoyé ou enverrez encore, duplicat et triplicat de ce que vous avez eu la bonté décrire à mon sujet au Congrès, pour plus grande sureté en cas d’accident.
Je Suis toujours à vos ordres, soit à Leide, soit ici, Soit à Amsterdam, & avec un très-grand respect Monsieur Votre très-humble & très-obéissant serviteur,

Dumas


Title: C. W. F. Dumas to John Adams: A Translation, 15 February 1781
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

Honoured & Dear Sir
The Hague, 15 February 1781

Without wanting to disagree with any of the good reasons you gave me in your letter of the 12th regarding the prompt publication of the resolution of Congress, I would, however, have wanted it to be postponed for at least another day, for all the reasons which I have had the honor to tell you. The printed copy that you have was a sufficient guarantee of the démarche that I could have made in order for you to form a liaison at the present time with a minister, and through him, with his court. I believe your commission will lead you to this liaison sooner or later. As for the present, nothing is happening here that is worth your attention. A courier is expected here near the end of the month, with a response to the reclamation that the republic sent by courier on the 12th of January regarding the captured vessels and the stipulated relief. I think this courier will bring dispatches preparatory for peace or for continued war with England, depending on whether or not that power seems reasonable or stubborn.
I have been using a cipher with the committee for foreign affairs since the beginning of my correspondence with Congress. If Mr. Lovell uses that one, I would be able to decipher any letter that he sends to you if you send me the letter or a copy.

In the East Indies British affairs are in a bad state. Hyder Ali Kahn has taken Mahé for France. The Mahrattas fought them at Arcot. Their forces there consist of only three ships of the line and some frigates. The French called in by Hyder Ali Kahn, arrived there five ships of the line strong.
I hope, sir, that, for greater security in case of accident, you have sent or will send a duplicate and triplicate of your letter written to Congress on my behalf.
I remain at your service, be it at Leyden, here, or at Amsterdam, and with great respect, sir, your very humble and very obedient servant

Dumas


Title: From John Adams to Hendrik Bicker, 19 February 1781
From: Adams, John
To: Bicker, Hendrik

Sir
Amsterdam ca. 19 Feb. 1781

Your Questions to me, today, have induced me to communicate to you, in Confidence a Copy of my Commission.
You See, that I have not the Title of Ambassador, nor of Minister Plenipotentiary, by Virtue of this Commission, nor have I in express Words, Power to make a Treaty of Amity and Commerce, much less a Treaty of Alliance offensive and defensive.
My Power is to negotiate a Loan: but it may be negotiated with any Person or Persons, Bodies Politick and Corporate, and the Congress promisses in good Faith to ratify and confirm, whatever shall be done by me in the Premisses, or relating thereto.
Dr. Franklin, Mr. Deane and Mr. Lee, who made a Treaty of Amity and Commerce, and another Treaty of Alliance offensive and defensive, with the King of France, had not by their Commission the Title of Ambassadors, nor of Ministers Plenipotentiary.
Now if it is necessary to make a Treaty in order to obtain a Loan I Suppose I have Power to do it, and accordingly, I would readily enter into Conferences upon the Subject, and if We could agree upon the Terms, one Article of which should be a Loan, I would not hesitate to execute a Treaty, and I should have no doubt of the Ratification of Congress.
You have however, a Copy of my Commission and you may judge for yourself, how extensive the Powers are which it contains. I have no objection to your shewing it, to such Person or Persons as you think proper, in Confidence. I have the Honour to be, with great Respect, Sir, your humble servant


Title: From John Adams to the Duc de La Vauguyon, 19 February 1781
From: Adams, John
To: La Vauguyon, Paul François de Quélen de Stuer de Causade, Duc de

Sir
Amsterdam Feb. 19. 1781

As I have been informed that your Excellency has had occasion, lately to enquire, whether any Person now in the Republick had Authority to treat in Behalf of the United States of America with the States General of the United Provinces, I beg Leave to lay before you, a Copy of a Commission, which I have the Honour to hold from Congress.
Your Excellency will observe that in this Commission, I have not the Title of Ambassador, Envoy of Minister Plenipotentiary: but only that of Agent to negotiate a Loan: Nevertheless, the Power is full to do every Thing necessary to effect the Loan; and to this Purpose to treat with any Body Politick, and the Promise of Congress is absolute to ratify in good Faith whatever may be done, in the Premises or relating thereto.
Your Excellency will observe also, that there is no express mention in the Commission of a Treaty of Amity and Commerce nor a Treaty of Alliance offensive and defensive. Yet, if Such a Treaty should be necessary to accomplish a Loan, I suppose the Power is sufficient to negotiate and execute it, and Accordingly I Should not hesitate to enter into Conferences upon the subject, with Persons properly Authorized and even to execute in all the Forms a Treaty, one Article of which should be a Loan to the United States.
A Case, or indeed Several Cases may happen in a short time, in which it would be proper to carry into Execution that Article of the Treaty of Alliance between France and the United States, which Stipulates, that other Powers shall be invited to acceed to that Alliance. The Time may Soon arrive in which it would be proper to invite the states General, to such an Accession. I should not Scruple to join Submit to your Excellencys Consideration whether, the inclosed Commission would not be Authority sufficient for me to undertake to represent the United States for such a Purpose Provided a Loan to the United States were made one Article of the Treaty. If your Excellency should be of this opinion, I shall be ready to act in Concert with you whenever the King shall judge proper to commence the Negotiation.

Your Excellency will excuse, my not Writing in French, as I am not a Sufficient Master of that Language, to write in it.

I have the Honour to be, with great Respect, your Excellencys most obedient and most humble servant


Title: To John Adams from C. W. F. Dumas, 19 February 1781
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

Monsieur
Lahaie 19e. fevr. 1781

Les derniers papiers Anglois ont copié de la Gazette de N. York un long article au sujet d’une prétendue sédition d’un Corps de 2000 h. de l’armée du Gl. Washington. Quelque décréditée que soit, avec raison, cette source impure, cela ne laisse pas d’inquiéter ici ceux du bon parti, et de donner quelque espoir aux Anglomanes. Ayez donc la bonté, Monsieur, de me marquer en réponse, le plutôt le mieux ce que vous savez ou croyez du fait, et, en supposant qu’il y eût quelque chose de vrai, quelles en pourroient être les conséquences, afin que je puisse tranquilliser les faibles, et rabattre la joie des malintentionnés.
Mercredi prochain les Etats provinciaux d’ Hollde. se rassembleront. Il faut espérer que la Scene ici s’animera un peu alors. Le temps s’approche où nous devons avoir des nouvelles de Petersbourg.
Je suis avec grand respect, Monsieur Votre très humble & très obéissant serviteur

Dumas


Title: C. W. F. Dumas to John Adams: A Translation, 19 February 1781
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

Sir
The Hague, 19 February 1781

The latest English newspapers have copied a long article from the New York Gazette on the subject of an alleged mutiny of 2,000 men in General Washington’s army. However discredited, for good reason, this impure source may be, the news is cause for concern here for the good party and gives some hope to the Anglomanes. Please sir, answer me as soon as you know or are persuaded of the facts, and, supposing some of it is true, tell me what the consequences will be so that I may calm the weak and diminish the joy of the ill-intentioned.
The provincial states of Holland will reassemble next Wednesday. One must hope that the scene here comes alive at least a bit. The time approaches when we ought to have news from St. Petersburg.
I am with great respect, sir, your very humble and very obedient servant

Dumas


Title: To John Adams from Hendrik Bicker, 21 February 1781
From: Bicker, Hendrik
To: Adams, John

Monsieur
Amsterdam 21 Fevrier 1781

Pour que je ne fusse trop preoccupé de mon sisteme, j’ai profitté de votre permission de consulter autrui, quoique seulement une seule personne, mais qui en valloit bien dix en fait de connoissances Sur votre Commission du Congres des 13 Etats, mais malgré que Messieurs Franklin, Deane, Lee n’ont eu d’autres Titres que vous Monsieur, nous n’y pouvons trouver d’autre autorité ni d autres aggrements que de Lever de L’Argent et cela par toute L’Europe et principalement parmi des Particuliers, car il est un peu recherché de voulloir expliquer et etandre Les Parolles “with any Person or Persons Bodies politic and Corporate” qu’il seroit par le sousentandu de pouvoir Traitter avec des Souverains ou avec des Membres D’iceux.
Pardonnés ma franchise Monsieur et croies moi avec une parfaite consideration, Votre tres humble Serviteur

Bicker


Title: To John Adams from Benjamin Franklin, 22 February 1781
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Adams, John

Sir
Passy, Feb. 22. 1781

I received the Letter your Excellency did me the honour of writing to me the 15th. Instant, respecting Bills presented to you for Acceptance, drawn by Congress in favour of N. Tracey for 10,000 £ Sterling, payable at 90 Days sight; and desiring to know if I can furnish Funds for the Payment.
I have lately made a fresh and strong Application for more Money. I have not yet received a positive Answer. I have, however, two of the Christian Graces, Faith and Hope: But my Faith is only that of which the Apostle speaks, the Evidence of Things not seen. For in Truth I do not see at present how so many Bills drawn at random on our Ministers in France, Spain and Holland, are to be paid; nor that any thing but omnipotent Necessity can excuse the Imprudence of it. Yet I think the Bills drawn upon us by the Congress ought at all Risques to be accepted. I shall accordingly use my best Endeavours to procure Money for their honourable Discharge against they become due, if you should not in the mean time be provided; And if those Endeavours fail, I shall be ready to break, run away, or go to Prison with you, as it shall please God.
Sir George Grand has return’d to me the Remainder of the Book of Promesses, sign’d by us, which his House had not an Opportunity of issuing. Perhaps the late Change of Affairs in that Country may open a Way for them. If on consulting him, you should be of that Opinion, I will send them to you.
Late Advices from Congress mention that Col. Laurens is coming over as Envoy extraordinary to this Court, and Col. Palfrey as Consul General. They may be expected every day.
I send enclos’d an Extract of a Letter from Mr. Bradford (relating to intercepted Bills) which may be of use if such should be presented to you.
With great Respect, I have the honour to be, Sir, Your most obedient & most humble Servant

B. Franklin


Title: To John Adams from John Jay, 24 February 1781
From: Jay, John
To: Adams, John

Sir
Madrid 24 Feb. 1781

Since my last to you before you left Paris, I have been favored with no Letters from you except a few Lines sent me by Mr. Montgomery of Alicante, recommending that Gentleman as friendly to our Country.
The enclosed is a Copy of an Act of Congress adopting the Regulations proposed by the Empress of Russia, and of which I was desired to transmit Copies to you and Doctr. Franklin.
Agreable to the Directions of Congress I have communicated to this Court your appointment to execute the Business committed to Mr. Laurens, and requested their friendly Influence to promote your Operations. I have also desired my Friends the Messrs. De Neufville to afford you all the Aid in their power, and if on any Occasion it may be in my power to be useful, I beg that you will without Hesitation command my Services.

I have the Honor to be Sir with great Respect Your most obedt. & hble Servt.
John Jay


Title: To John Adams from Francis Dana, 25 February 1781
From: Dana, Francis
To: Adams, John

Dear Sir
Paris Feby. 25th. 1781Hotel Valois, Rue Richelieu

The enclosed letter came to hand the last Evening; I was about breaking it open, agreable to your directions, but observing it marked Cadiz, and supposing it to be a mear private Letter, I desisted. If it shou’d contain any news from our Country, I doubt not you will advise me of it by the first opportunity. Mr. Bondfield, who has lately been at Paris, writes me from Bordeaux on the 20th. instant: “By this day’s post from Cadiz, we are advised of the sailing of the Spanish Fleet to cruise off Cape St. Vincent, consisting of 30 Sail of the Line”—“Letters from England mention a suspension of the Condemnation of the Dutch Ships, and they are full of the Mediatrix’s influence; notwithstanding these reports, every species of West-India produce are buying up at the most extravagant prices”—“By advices from Amsterdam the Indiana is purchased by the States-General, and the other Frigate on the Stocks, of the same Construction, is finishing with all possible diligence.” Thus far He. What real foundation there is for any part of his Intelligence, I know not.
May I venture to congratulate with you, upon the Commencement of a certain business. You are wholly silent on this head, but he, who stands between KnobbEngelbert François van Berckel and VArthur Lee, has mentioned the matter to Funn James Searle, in a letter he received yesterday.However it rest with us, for ought we know.One, at a time, will do. Applicatio non deest. Francisco Silas Deane is here. The Relation of Missa John Jay has been for about a month past, in the Sea-Ports. Tis said he means not to visit this great City; at which, I much wonder, seeing he has come so far, and means to return back upon the same paces. The particular business I can learn nothing of. I hope the workmen have left open a passage for the Alewives, otherwise there is danger of the dam’s being broken down by the people there abouts, who make use of them, not only in their families, but they are a great article for Bait: besides, if the superfluous water is not let off, it will, upon the first freshets, form such a head as will bear all down before it. Is it possible this danger can be overlooked by any of the proprietors of the Mill?
D.D.J. William Temple Franklin called upon me, and enquired with apparent agitation of spirits whether I had heard of the appointment of ——. I am afraid that he has been taken, and that the particular business with which he was charged may be deranged by that accident. I suppose it was in the line of his profession; and that A.Z. Congress was at last convinced of the necessity, that, as he was to share at least equally according to the terms of the Copartnership, in the profits and losses, he ought to be consulted about the outfits, and the course of the voyage. The very mischeifs have in fact happened, for want of this measure, which SteadyJohn Adams pointed out to, Angelica Comte de Vergennes, in the time of it; but her ear had been so long accustomed to the fulsome language of Adulation, that plain Truth and sound sense did not fail to disgust her. I believe they have however made an impression upon her mind. The folly of her conduct is plainly perceived by all the Family of Steady John Adams, yet out of regard to the Interests of both Families, they prudently say little about it, and hope she will, upon mature reflexion, lay aside her Coquetry, and pursue her true Interests.
My dear Sir, I have been seriously reflecting upon the general State of our Affairs, and having settled it in my own mind, that it is highly probable I shall remain an idle Man, long enough to allow of a visit to AZCongress, and to converse freely with him upon some things touching the commands he was pleased to honour us with, as also upon some other matters, which perhaps might be productive of some good. This Idea I have communicated to Funn James Searle, who seems highly to approve of it, and has begged me to communicate it to you, without loss of time. I have my doubts upon the expediency of the measure—but if, upon full consideration, you approve of it, I wou’d, notwithstanding I so much abominate remounting Mules, and passing over the frightful precipices, set off on my journey resigned to my Fate. I wou’d perform it as quick as possible, and give in person an account of my transactions to you, on my return. In order to go with expedition, I wou’d apply to De NovoMarquis de Castries for a birth in one of his light carriages as far as tis possible to travel with them. He has one frequently passing towards the Seat of AZ Congress, and I have no reason to think he wou’d not readily oblige me in this respect. After quitting that I cou’d take a Mule and trip it over the Mountains as before. Having once passed in safety those of Galice I shall not be much concerned about those which lay in my route. I lay this Idea before you with much diffidence and submit it to your friendly and better consideration. You will do me the justice to believe that I have no private views in this matter—my feelings, in the course of it, must undergo a very severe trial; yet I wou’d once more sustain it, if any benefit cou’d be obtained by it. My reflections are uncomfortable, when I look over the Map. I am, dear Sir, with much respect and esteem your obliged Friend and obedient hble Servt:

FRA DANA

P.S. Has Mr. Grand advised you of my transfer? If so, you will please to cancel the Note.


Title: From John Adams to Edmund Jenings, 27 February 1781
From: Jenings, Edmund
To: Adams, John

Dear Sir

27 February 1781

On my Return from a little Excursion, I received yours of 18.
I dont know whether Calkoens, Pamphlet is unanswerable or not. There are two very sharp Pamphlets written against it, as they say. These People dont understand their own Constitution alike.
There is a Part of the Pamphlet, which disgusted me, as well as you. It is a Dutch affectation of Shrewdness. Nothing can be a greater Folly. However—The French Marine have it, to my certain Knowledge as well as Calkoen and the Spanyards. There is in Deed and in Truth an European Jealousy, and Envy of America. Weak wretched Man! Sagacious only to find out and make Causes of thine own Misery.
It has been, these two or three years, a philosophical Speculation as well as a political, to discover the true Cause of this European Suspicion. Is it natural? Men dont usually disquiet themselves about Evils, so distant in Futurity.
Who ever made himself uneasy about a Thing which was to happen 3 hundred years hence? However the Evil here Apprehended, never will nor can happen, unless a Silly Jealousy, should induce the Europeans to take unfriendly Measures, So as to excite ill Will.
I Suspect, that this Jealousy is artificial. That it is artfully managed by the Courts of Europe. These dread the Forms of Government in America. They dread that high Sense and Spirit of Liberty, and those popular Principles, with which America is full. They are afraid of their Spreading in Europe and propagating like a Contagion, So as to produce Revolutions.
But the People of Europe, and the Men of Letters ought for the Same opposite Reasons, to cherish America as their only remaining Barrier against Despotism. For if the Spirit of Liberty is Subdued in America there is now an end of it in the World.

I am weary however of Speculation. I See that our poor Country must bid farewell to all Ideas of Peace. Warlike she must be or not exist. For she will be involved in eternal War, that is plain. Britains and French and Spanyards, and others will keep poor America the constant Sport of their infernal Politicks. Let Us warn our Countrymen therefore to be Soldiers and Seamen, and teach them to love War Since Europe will oblige them to it.
It will depend entirely upon Europe, whether America shall ever hurt it or not. If she treats America with Suspicion and Jealousy, Envy and Malice, she will necessarily, produce the Same Passions in America towards her. And she will bring it, to this question whether America shall be, desolated and totally depopulated, or not? It is easy to see that this is not in the Power of all Europe. European Jealousy however will have one Effect. It will keep America longer United. Without Unkind and ungenerous Treatment from Europe, God knows America will too soon divide and quarell with itself.
But it is not the Part of Policy or Philosophy, to torment itself with Prospects into such distant Futurities, I dont expect that America will turn the Earth into an Heaven or an Hell. This World will continue to be Earth and its Inhabitants Men, and Wars and Follies will abound as much as ever. We have full enough to do with those of the present Age. Dont let Us distress ourselves about those which are to happen a thousand Years hence.
Can you help me to borrow Some Money. This is the best Way to treat America, lend them some Money, which will all come back again, twice over with Interest. In the first Place it will all be Spent here—in the next it must all be paid here again. Will your Friend insert my Plan in his Leaf and give Us some Remarks upon American Credit? The Population, Industry, and the Extent and Variety of her Productions and Commerce, are the sources of her Wealth and Ability to pay. And Where there is Ability there is seldom wanting Inclination.
My Plan of a Loan, is a political Machine, which will set many Wheels in Motion. We shall See what Effect it will have. I hope, to see the Speculations of all the Journalists upon it. If it Succeeds it will promote Commerce, Politicks, and War, in our favour. If not it will compell Congress against their Inclination, to tax all Europe by laying Duties on their Exports. We might in this Way oblige Europe to pay the Expences of the War, for our Productions they must and will have at any Rate. If the Loan dont Succeed, America may be forced to make an American Act of Navigation. We have it in our Power to manage Europe if she will be ill natured, but I hope she will be wise.
As to the present State of America, her Governments are now compleetly established and have as much Force as any in Europe at least. Her Army, is as numerous as usual, but the Cowardice of the English in keeping hid in New York and skulking about in their ships leaves our Army nothing to do, but grow discontented with an inactive Life, I suppose. The Navy of the Continent, seems neglected but the Privateers fare the better, for that, and make an incredible Number of Prizes. The Paper Money seems to be little talked of, as the silver and gold, Spent there by the English and french, are now circulating in sufficient quantities to serve for a Medium.


Title: To John Adams from Philippe André Joseph de Létombe, 28 February 1781
From: Létombe, Philippe André Joseph de
To: Adams, John

Monsieur
Paris, 28. fevrier 1781

Il y a dix jours que l’honorable M. Searle m’a remis la Lettre que votre Excellence m’a fait l’honneur de m’écrire le trois janvier dernier. Je n’ai pu y répondre sur le champ parce que des occupations, des Courses, mille Embarras ne me l’ont pas permis. Mais j’ai vu M. Searle aussi souvent que je l’ai pu, et je veut bien des graces à votre Excellence et de son souvenir et de m’avoir procuré la Connoissance d’un Citoyen aussi estimable que M. Searle. Mon regret de ne pouvoir Le cultiver plus Longtems est infini; mais il part incessamment pour La hollande et je pars pour l’Amérique dans douze jours.
Je propose à votre Excellence de m’honorer de ses ordres pour Philadelphie et Boston. Je Crois qu’Elle est bien sûre que je m’acquiterai de tout ce dont Elle me chargera avec beaucoup de Zéle et d’empressement. Je lui demande encore ses recommendations comme choses qui m’honoreront infiniment auprès de ses Compatriotes et je prie votre Excellence de vouloir bien m’adresser son Paquet, le plûtôt possible, à Paris où je Le trouverai à mon retour d’un voyage de dix jours que je dois faire.
Je vous prie, Monsieur, de vouloir bien agréer Les hommages du Respect et d’un tendre attachement avec Les quels je suis de Votre Excellence, Le très humble et très obeissant Serviteur

De LétombeEcuyer, Consul général de France à Boston.Rue de l’Université à Paris.


Title: Contract for a Loan with Jean de Neufville & Fils, 1 March 1781
From: Adams, John
To: Neufville, Jean de, & Fils (business)

1 March 1781

I the Subscribed John Adams, of Braintree in the County of Suffolk, in the State of Massachusetts in North America Esquire and Minister plenipotentiary of the United States of North America And According an Copy Authenticq and Translation of my original Commission or power deponed by Me under the Notary Anthony Mylius Especially Named and Authorized by the said States of North America being Assembled in a General Congress for to be their Agent for to Negotiate a Loan at the benefit of the said States with any person or persons States or Companys, the said States having promised to ratify and Confirm in good faith all what shall be done in this Matter or in that what by any means is relative to it.
So I have Concluded to Negociate a Loan in my said Quality in the name and at the benefit of the said United States of North America in the following Manner and to fix the Amount of the said Loan a Sum of a Million Holland Current Money and such in One Thousand Obligations Containing in the Capital One Thousand Gilders Each at the Interest of Five percent Yearly, to be reckoned from the first day of March of this Year 1781.
And that the said Capital is to be reimbursed and restituted in five terms Successively, to wit: Two hundred of this Obligations shall be Amortized at the End of the tenth Year after the date hereof and thus on the first of March of the Year 1791. And further at the end of every One of the then first Successively four Years a like number of Two hundred Obligations, So that at the end of the fourteenth Year and thus on the first of March 1795 this Loan shall be restituted and repaid in all.
Before the end of the tenth Year the said one Thousand Number of these Obligations shall be done together in a Box and then drawn out of the said Box in the presence of a Notary Publick and witnesses Two hundred Numbers which said Two hundred Numbers or Obligations so being drawn out are to be reimbursed when falls due together with the Intrest money due thereon And shall before the end of every one of the then first following Four Years be drawn again out of the said Box in the same Manner a Like Number of two hundred Numbers of Obligations that are not reimbursed for to be reimbursed and the Intrest money due thereon to be paid when falls due And in every Year three Monts before the time of falling due shall be Notified by the publick Newspapers what numbers are drawn out for to be reimbursed and repaid in that Year; The Intrest money is to be paid at the end of every Six months on Coupons or promissions in printing and for that purpose shall be given by each of the said Obligations twenty eight of the said Coupons or promissions Containing each Twenty five Gilders, and in the last eight of the said Coupons or promissions shall be inserted, Provided the Number of this Obligation is not drawn Out and declared Redeemable.
Thus I the Subscribed John Adams Esquire do hereby Acknowledge in my said quality and in the name and behalf of the United States of North America, the said States to be well and truly indebted on the beforestanding Conditions and that hereafter following, to ............... a Sum of One Thousand Gilders Holland Current Money received to my Satisfaction by Messrs. John de Neufville and Son of Amsterdam Merchants as being thereto Authorised by these presents by Me in my said Quality as also to Contrasign the said One Thousand Obligations and Coupons or promissions of the Intrest, for to prevent all Counterfeiting or falsifying And I the Subscribed in my said Quality do hereby expressely desist of all Benefitions of Law Especially of the exception Non Numeratae pecuniae, And I do hereby promise in my said Quality and in the name and in the behalf of the United States of North America to restitute and repay the said Sum of One Thousand Gilders Holland Current Money to ......... or to the bearer of this on the end of one of the last five Years of that fourteen Years this loan shall Continue, to wit: in that Year the Number of this Obligation shall be drawn out and thus not before the end of the Tenth Year and also not after the end of the fourteenth Year; And the reimbursement of the said Sum and the payment of the Interest money shall be done promptly till the reimbursement of the Capital against the restitution of this Obligation and the Coupons or promissions of Interest, that then shall be still belonging thereto, at the house of Messrs. John de Neufville and Son of Amsterdam their Heirs or Successors.
For the Security of this whole Loan and particularly of this Obligation I the Subscribed John Adams Esquire in my beforementioned Quality and in the name and on the behalf of the said United States of North America do hereby bind the said United States Jointly and every one of the Same Separately and also all the Lands and Goods, Revenues and products of the same, Imports and Taxes already laid and raised and further to lay and to be raised in the Same, and thus of all the thirteen states of North America Jointly and of every one of them in Solidum for the whole, I the Subscribed thereto expressely desisting of the benefition Divisionis, also de duobus vel pluribus reis debendi, Signifying dividing of Debt, and that two or more being indebted together every one of the same is Obliged only for his Share; Obliging Me in my said Quality and in the name and on the behalf of the said United States the Amounts of the Interest money, and of the reimbursements that are to do from time to time of the whole Loan and particularly of this Obligation, shall be remitted to the said Messrs. John de Neufville and Son their Heirs or Successors in good Bills of Exchange, Products of North America or in ready Money without deduction or diminution and in due time. And this Obligation shall never be Liable to any Charges or Taxes already laid in the said United States or any of the same or further to lay, Notwithstanding any War, Hostilitys or Breach might be Caused between the said States or any of the same on the one part and the States of this lands on the other side (that God forbid) And shall therefore the payment of the principal or Interest of this Obligation Never might be hindered or delayed in no manner and by No Means Promising in the name and thus for the said united States by them or on their behalf or any of the Same particularly shall never be Accepted or Concluded whether by the Making of any peace or otherwise any Convention or Treaty in Secret or Publick, whereby the performance of this should by prejudiced or wherein should be stipulated any thing in the Contrary of this; No but that in all Cases the Intrest money shall be paid and the principal reimbursed without any exception.
And I the Subscribed do hereby further promise and Oblige myself in my said Quality, this my engagement shall be ratified and Confirmed by the beforementioned United States Assembled in Congress, as Soon possible; Which Ratification shall be delivered to Messrs. John de Neufville and Son And deponed for the ease of the Lenders under the Notary Anthony Mylius where that Ratification together with the Authenticated Copy of the translation of my Original Commission or power shall remain untill the beforementioned Loan shall be reimbursed and repaid entirely.
In witness of truth I have Signed this with my own hand in my said Quality and thus in the name and on the behalf of the said United States of North America (after I had received and read an Authenticated Translation thereof,) In Amsterdam the first day of March in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Seven hundred and Eighty One.

Contrasigned
I the Subscribed Notary do hereby Certify the beforestanding Obligation is duly registered by Me, And that I Notary have Signed no more of the beforementioned Obligations than One thousand, Containing each a Sum of One thousand Gilders and being Numbred from No. 1 till 1000, and that the Authenticated Copy and Translation of the above mentioned Commission or power are remaining under Me Notary


Title: From John Adams to C. W. F. Dumas, 1 March 1781
From: Adams, John
To: Dumas, Charles William Frederic

Dear Sir
Amsterdam March 1. 1781

The Letters I received at Leyden, obliged me to leave you Sooner than I intended, but I did not know, I shall soon See you again, at the Hague.
I have received, important Dispatches from Congress, upon which I want your Advice. I hope it is no bad News. You will Say nothing, reflect well upon the Times, and be prepared to answer me, serious Questions upon public Affairs—nothing personal—nor selfish—nor little. I shall See you, in the Course of next Week—if nothing turns up, to prevent it, which I dont foresee. Dont raise your Expectations too high—remember—Nil Admirari.

Adieu


Title: To John Adams from Jean de Neufville, 2 March 1781
From: Neufville, Jean de
To: Adams, John

Honourd sir

2 March 1781

This will reach yoúr Excellency at his levee, I make no apologie for not forwarding it sooner while by the time I left her, and being after supper reading for dissepation I received an Account of a tiding from Rússia, by which the Emperess offerd her mediation; if this should appear (in consequence of what yoúr Excellency was pleased to enforce upon my mind) countrary to the intrest of America, I dare Say we have gand a great point for both Countries, and if well managed may produce the greatest happiness; we may be degenated from the vigoúr with which our Ancestors have defended their liberty; butt yoúr Excellency will find in this Republicq many worthy people not a disgrace to an intimate Alliance with America, witness withoút ceremony Yoúr Excellencys most devoted and obed hum servt.

J de Neufville


Title: To John Adams from C. W. F. Dumas, 3 March 1781
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

Monsieur
Lahaie 3e. Mars 1781

L’incluse vous apprendra tout ce qu’il y a de nouveau ici. Nos amis ne sont guere contents du Mémoire Russe. Pour moi, je ne trouve pas que la Russie Soit blamable de ne pas se presser de secourir la Rep., jusqu’à-ce qu’elle voie que celle-ci arme tout de bon: autrement on pourroit bien ici lui laisser tout le fardeau de la guerre maritime, en ne se tenant que sur la défensive. Tout ceci traînera en longueur; et il n’y aura d’actifs que les Courriers qui trotteront entre ici et Petersbourg. Il me tarde d’apprendre Si votre Emprunt prend bien. Voilà la Russie, qui en ouvre un aussi de 3 millions de florins. Si vous avez des nouvelles de l’Amérique, je me recommande. J’ai l’honneur d’être avec un très grand respect, Monsieur Votre très-humble & très-obéissant serviteur

Dumas


Title: C. W. F. Dumas to John Adams: A Translation, 3 March 1781
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

Sir
The Hague, 3 March 1781

The enclosed will tell you all that is new here. Our friends are hardly content with the Russian memorial. As for me, I do not think that Russia is to blame for not rushing in to save the republic until it is evident that the republic is well-armed. Otherwise the entire burden will be on the navy merely to hold its defensive position. All of this will drag things out and the only action will be that of the couriers going back and forth between here and St. Petersburg. I am impatient to learn news of your loan. Russia is asking for one also, for 3 million florins. I implore you to tell me of any news from America. I have the honor to be with very great respect, sir, your very humble and very obedient servant

Dumas


Title: To John Adams from Edmund Jenings, 5 March 1781
From: Jenings, Edmund
To: Adams, John

Sir
Brussels March 5th. 1781

I had the Honor of receiving a Letter from your Excellency yesterday without a date in Answer to that, which I took the Liberty of writing of the 18 Ultimo and am Sorry to find your Excellency equally sensible with me of the Absurdity of the Idea taken up in Europe of the future formidableness of America. I was in Hopes, that my fancy on that Head was not well-founded and that the folly of European politicians was not so Universal, as I find it is. It has for some time occurred to me to put my thoughts on this Subject on Paper, and send it then to your Excellency. I am more disposed to it than ever, and will do it, if I shall have your Excellencys Leave. I took an opportunity yesterday afternoon, to speak on this Matter to my writing Friend Here. I opened myself to Him, in some degree on it. He has promised to consider it, and to examine well what Monsr. Calkroens has said thereon. He has likewise assured me, that He will insert your Excellencys Proposals, which I sincerely wish may have the Utmost Effect on the Capitalists. The richest of them in these Countries reside at Antwerp. If your Excellency could therefore Convey several Copies of your Plan there, it might answer good Purposes.
By a Letter from Spain I find the Emperor has offered his Mediation, and proposes, that the Empress of Russia should be joined with Him therein. How that can be I Know in the Situation, that Affairs are in. France perhaps would not object to it, altho it is probable this Matter comes originally from England, who wishes by Compliments to win the Empress over to her Views. The Emperor may propose to ingratiate Himself and get an Intimacy with Her and her Ministers to serve his other purposes—but what Necessity is there for any Mediator, and much less for two. England has no Object therein but to embroil Europe—it is certain that Couriers pass frequently between Vienna and London.
There is a report spread here, that the Emperor is sending 20000 Men into these Countries. If true, does this look like a peaceful Mediation? Will not France Holland and Prussia demand the reason of such a Measure at this Time?

I am reading with most avidity Cerisiers Tableau de le Hollande. It gives the best Idea of the Dutch History and Constitution of any Book I have met with. I wish it was translated into English, every American might study it. He will learn by it and praise his own Constitutions, and be watchful over them and of the Conduct of Friends and Foes.
I shall be obliged to your Excellency to send me by some Hand coming this way the Play of Guilleaume Tell—I find it was acted last week at Amsterdam.
Coll. Searle tells me He shall pass through this Town in his way to Holland the 20th. Instant.
I am fearful that the Spanish has met with some Accident by the Winds as it is said it Sailed from Cadiz the 6th. Ultimo. The English fleet is ready for sailing, tis given out, that it will Consist of 30 Ships of the Line—I cant think it possible. It is said there is a Misunderstanding between Commodore Johnstone and Col. Meadows, it is possible from the Temper of Johnstone.
Has your Excellency examind well the last Accounts from Carolina? All the Truth is not told—there seems to be much concealed—has your Excellency no News from Col. Lawrens—He must be much wanted in France.

I am with the greatest Respect Sir Your Excellencys Most faithful & Obedient Humbl Servant
Edm: Jenings


Title: To John Adams from Jean de Neufville & Fils, 5 March 1781
From: Neufville, Jean de, & Fils (business)
To: Adams, John

Honoúrd sir
Amsterdam 5 March 1781

May we have the honoúr, to offer to Yoúr Excellency, the inclosed pack, received from Mr. Searle, who now is at Paris; and to join there to the form of the Obligation and Coúpon, in which only a few púnctúations are to be alterd, and we hope to be able to send by the tomorrow scoot, the quantity of stamped ones, according to Yoúr Excellencys orders; meanwhile we send some of those form obligations to oúr friends in the different provinces, and we are Still in hopes of some better success, then hath appeared at the first days.
We múst soon now learn, what the answer of England will be on the offerd mediation, the Memoriall is publishd in all Gazettes, and the trúe meaning and intention in particúlar in the Nord Holland of this daÿ, to proceed with rigouroús measúres, in case England wont agree to honourable terms, we wish and do not doúbt bútt every good múst proceed there from in coúrse.
With Respectfúll Regard we have the honoúr to be Honourd Sir Yoúr Excellencys most devoted Obedient Humble Servants.

John de Neufville & Son


Title: To John Adams from the Abbés Chalut and Arnoux, 6 March 1781
From: Chalut, Abbé,Arnoux, Abbé
To: Adams, John

Paris 6. mars 1781

M. Searle nous à remis dans son tems, notre cher et estimable ami, la lettre donc vous l’aviez chargé pour nous, il a dû vous ecrire que nous étions très empressés à faire tout ce qui pourroit lui etre agreable, et qu’il a eu avec un des chefs de la ferme generale un entretien aussi long qu’il pouvoit le desirer. Il nous a paru être très Content du fermier general; nous sçavons que Celui-ci a été très satisfait de M. Searle. Vous sçavez que nous sommes à votre service dans toutes les choses qui dependront de nous, et que les personnes que vous nous adresserez trouveront dans l’amitié que nous avons pour vous votre zele pour les servir.
Nous avons eu le plaisir de diner quelques fois avec Mrs. Searle et dana, nous Les avons priés avec Cette Cordialité que vous nous Connoissez de nous faire Cet honneur là, toute les fois que Leurs affaires le leur permettrerent.
M. Searle est un bon et sage republicain il est bien digne de son pais et de la Cause que vous deffendez avec tant de vertu du gloire et de Succès. Il nous a dit qu’il se rendroit incessemment auprès de vous, nous l’avons felicité de cet avantage, et nous desirons Sincerement qu’une circonstance heureuse nous procure le plaisir de vous revoir.
Le Compte rendu de M. Necker est sans doute parvenu jusqu’à vous. Il a fait ici la plus agreable sensation pour le bonheur de la france. Cet ouvrage decele le genie et la force du Courage d’un administrateur vertueux. Les françois qui aiment leur pais admirent avec reconnoissance les talents et les vertus de Ce Ministre des finances. Tous les ambassadeurs des puissances de l’europe qui resident à Paris se sont empressés d’envoyer dans leurs Cours plusieurs exemplaires de Ce Compte rendu. Nous pensons qu’il sera traduit dans toutes les langues. Les Anglois paliront en lisant Cet ouvrage, ils verront Ce qu’ils ne pouvoient pas Croire. Ils apprendront que la france par le bon état de ses finances et par le genie de Celui qui les administre, peut Soutenir encore bien des Campagnes, au bout desquelles l’Angleterre ne verroit que son epuisement. Depuis que Cet ouvrage a paru, Les gens sensés disent tout haut que M. Necker va accelerer le retour de la paix. Les Anglois n’ont fait jusqu’aujourdhui que des efforts impuissants. La reflexion les ramenera à des sentiments de raison, et dans l’état des choses, ils Sacrifieront a regret ces projets montrueux de Grandeur, qui Leur Couteront leur existence politique, S’ils continuoient de se ruiner pour les realiser. Il est vrai que leur Cupidité verra avec desespoir, les avantages des partagés entre les differentes puissances maritimes de l’europe. Cette peste et cette humiliation n’existeront aucune espece de Compassion, une orgueilleuse et tirannique domination n’en mente point. Rome et Cartage sont tombées de l’abus de la puissance dans le mepris. Tel sera le Sort de ces insulaires, Si l’europe eclairée Sur les droits agit selon Les interests.
Nous arretons ici nos reflexions, pour ne nous occuper que des sentiments que vous nous avez inspirez; nous vous aimons toujours. Nous ne Cesserons d’accorder à vos talents et à vos vertus l’estime que nous leur devons, nous vous aimons aussi dans vos enfants, embrassez-les tous les deux bien tendrement pour nous et recevez l’assurance de l’amitié de l’abbé chalut et de l’abbé Arnoux.


Title: Abbé Chalut to John Adams: A Translation, 6 March 1781
From: Chalut, Abbé,Arnoux, Abbé
To: Adams, John

Paris, 6 March 1781

Mr. Searle delivered to us, our dear and estimable friend, the letter that you put in his charge for us. He should have written to you that we have been very eager to do whatever we can for him and that he had a long discussion with one of the heads of the farmers general. It seems to us that he was satisfied with this farmers general. We know that the latter was satisfied with him. You know that we are at your service for anything that may depend upon us and that anyone that you direct to us will find in our friendship for you, your zeal to serve them.
We had the pleasure of dining a few times with Messieurs Searle and Dana. We asked them to extend this cordiality, which you know is an honor for us, whenever their affairs permit them to do so.
Mr. Searle is a good and wise republican who is worthy of his country, and the cause that you defend with such virtue and success. He told us that he will be joining you soon, and we congratulated him on this good fortune since we sincerely wish circumstances would allow us the pleasure of seeing you again.
Mr. Necker’s report has undoubtedly reached you. Here it has created an agreeable sensation for the happiness of France. This work reveals the genius and courage of a virtuous administrator. The French who love their country admire the talents and virtues of this minister of finance. All the ambassadors of the European powers who live in Paris are eager to send several copies of the report to their respective courts. We think it will be translated into every language. The English will pale when they read it, and will not believe their eyes. They will learn that France, because of its good financial state and because of the genius of its administrator, can again support campaigns at the end of which England will only find itself exhausted. Since this piece appeared, sensible people have exclaimed that Mr. Necker will accelerate the return of peace. The English have, until today, made only feeble attempts. Reflection will bring about reason, and with the state of affairs, they will sacrifice with regret their master plans of greatness, which will cost them their political life if they continue to destroy themselves in order to achieve it. It is true that through their greed they will see with despair the advantages shared between the different maritime powers in Europe. This plague and humiliation will know no compassion, since a proud and tyrannical domination can hardly be belied. Rome and Carthage fell from abuse of contemptuous power. Such will be the fate of these islanders, if enlightened Europe acts according to its interests.
Here we finish our reflections, so as not to occupy ourselves with sentiments other than those which you have inspired in us; we love you still. We continue to hold your talents and virtues in high esteem, to send love and tenderness to your two children, and to assure you of the friendship with which we remain the abbé Chalut and abbé Arnoux


Title: To John Adams from C. W. F. Dumas, 7 March 1781
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

Monsieur
Lahaie 7e. Mars 1781

J’ai l’honneur de vous communiquer ci-joint, dans une Lettre au Congrès, ce que je vous avois lu ici de ma petite note.
Après avoir bien réflechi sur ce qui a fait ici le sujet de notre entretien, je persiste dans l’idée qu’il vaut mieux ne faire pas usage de l’idée of the armed neutrality being a consequence of the American revolution, pas même dans votre Lettre à ceux d’ici. Ils le savent bien; et leurs Anglomanes nous en font un crime Tant mieux. On pourra faire valoir cette idée dans la suite. Mais dans ce premier coup d’Essay, je crois que le plus simple vaudra le mieux. Du reste, Monsieur, vous ferez toujours ce que vous jugerez à propos; et je délivrerai vos Lettres, quand vous me les enverrez, dans l’ordre dont nous sommes convenus.
J’enverrai incessamment à Mr. votre fils les cahiers qui manquent à ce que je lui ai remis ici.
J’ai l’honneur d’être avec un grand respect Monsieur Votre trèshumble & très-obéissant serviteur

Dumas


Title: C. W. F. Dumas to John Adams: A Translation, 7 March 1781
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

Sir
The Hague, 7 March 1781

I have the honor to communicate to you, through the enclosed letter to Congress, what I read to you from my short note.
After much reflection on our conversation, I persist in the idea of not using the phrase of the armed neutrality being a consequence of the American revolution, even in your letter to those here. They are well aware of it and their anglomanes will think it a crime. It is better to use this idea in the next letter, but in the first attempt, I believe it is best to keep it simple. Besides, sir, you always do what you judge to be appropriate and I will deliver your letters, when you send them to me, in the order that we find agreeable.
I will send the remaining notebooks to your son very shortly.
I have the honor to be with great respect, sir, your very humble and very obedient servant

Dumas


Title: To John Adams from Jean de Neufville, 7 March 1781
From: Neufville, Jean de
To: Adams, John

Honourd Sir
Amsterdam the 7th. March 1781

May we begg leave to address yoúr Excellency again, as yesterday we chose to do it by the scoot for Safety; and now we may be something more explicit, as oúr Letter may go intirely Safe by Mr. Taxton, who we heard just now from yoúr Sr. John to be in town. If we had known this we Certainly would have shown them the required notice.
Then what we had the Honoúr to mention, was the oúvertúre of a plan which had been made to ús very particularly, and which very near agreed with that I had the honoúr to propose in ruff already; and I wishd to súbmitt more plain to yoúr Excellencys júdgement; this cannot be done So well in writing; and after confronting the intelligences yoúr Excellency will have gatherd already, and those we may be able to give; she will be able to proceed to such measúres as she will think the most Convenient.
Secrecy is a great point, where for as yoúr Excellency proposed a travelling way of life, and only intended a little excúrsion, I was less anxioús in desiring her to honoúr ús with another visit, to which however the time is not so exceedingly pressing as I suppose bútt Yoúr Excellency should dispose there of to the utmost convenience; which we shall be glad to know, as it will direct ús in keeping or sending the bonds, for a great quantity of which we are sorry to say we do not foresee Yett Such a great haste as we had wished, bútt we are still in hopes it may come in Coúrse. With all devoted regard I have the honoúr to be Honourd Sir Yoúr Excellencys most obedient and most humble Servant

John de Neufville


Title: From John Adams to C. W. F. Dumas, 8 March 1781
From: Adams, John
To: Dumas, Charles William Frederic

Dear Sir

Leyden March 8. 1781

I Send you the Letters. If any Thing is necessary to be added to the Memorial before the Signature, you will be So good as to add it. I should be obliged to you for a Line by the Bearer, in Return, and the News, if any. My first Demarch you See, is on the Princes Birth day, which is no doubt a good omen both to his Highness and your servant. You will please to put a Wafer under the Seals.

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to Prince Dmitri A. Gallitzin, 8 March 1781
From: Adams, John
To: Gallitzin, Prince Dmitri Alexeivitch

Sir
Leyden March 8. 1781

I have lately received from Congress, as one of their ministers plenipotentiary, their resolution of the fifth of October last, relative to the rights of neutral vessels, a Copy of which, I do myself the Honour, to inclose to your Excellency, as the Representative of one of the high contracting Parties, to the marine Treaty, lately concluded, concerning this Subject.
As I am fixed by my duty for the present, to this part of Europe, I have no other Way of communicating this measure of Congress to the northern Courts, but by the favour of their Ministers in this Republic: I must therefore, request of your Excellency, if there is no impropriety in it, to transmit the Resolution to the Minister of foreign Affairs, of her Imperial Majesty.
Your Excellency will permit me to add, that I should esteem myself, very fortunate, to be the instrument of pledging, in form, the faith of the United States of America, to a reformation, in the maritime Law of nations, which does So much honour to the present Age.
I have the honour to be, with the greatest Respect and consideration, Sir, your most obedient and most humble Servant

John Adams


Title: Memorial to the States General, 8 March 1781
From: Adams, John
To: Netherlands, States General of

The Hague 8. March 1781
A Memorial To their High Mightinesses, the States General, of the United Provinces of the Low Countries.
High and Mighty Lords
The Subscriber, a minister plenipotentiary from the United States of America, has the Honour to lay before your high mightinesses, as one of the high contracting Parties to the Marine Treaty, lately concluded, relative to the rights of neutral Vessels, a Resolution of Congress of the fifth of October last, concerning the Same Subject.
As the American Revolution, furnished the Occasion, of a Reformation in the maritime Law of nations, of So much importance to a free communication, among Mankind by Sea, the Subscriber hopes it may not be thought improper that the United States Should become Parties to it, entituled to its Benefits and Subjected to its Duties. To this End, the Subscriber, has the Honour of requesting that the Resolution of Congress, may be taken into the Consideration of your High Mightinesses, and transmitted to the Courts of Russia, Sweeden and Denmark. The Subscriber begs Leave to Subjoin that he should esteem it, one of the most fortunate Events of his Life, if this Proposition should meet with the Approbation of your High Mightinesses, and the other Powers who are Parties to the neutral Confederacy, and he, be admitted, as the Instrument of pledging the Faith of the United States, to the Observance of Regulations, which do so much honour to the present Age.

John Adams


Title: To John Adams from Thomas Digges, 8 March 1781
From: Digges, Thomas
To: Adams, John

Dear Sir

8 Mar 1781

It has been some Weeks since I have heard from you and indeed near a month since I wrote myself. You may easily suppose the cause, and that I had nothing material to communicate.
In a former letter you mentiond to me your willingness to help Captains M——y or C——m to some pecuniary aid should they need it. The long confinement of these brave and unfortunate men makes every small donation welcome as it adds to their comfort. I have frequently aided them and if you chuse to oblige them with a trifle only mention the Sum and it shall be done. I can easily riemburse myself for that sum or any ballance that may be between us by a Bill on Mr. De Neufvilles, or, what is a better mode, He may give me the name of a House in London on whom I may call for the money on giving them my bill on Him. I am the more anxious for the Comforts of these two and other brave men (now near 600 in Prison) because the subscription money for their releif is on the last legs, nay by this time it must be exhausted.
The public papers will give you every tittle of news that I know as I have been for six or 8 days and likely to be for as many more out of Town on some business at a great annual Cloth Fair.
We seem all as blind as ever to our Interests, We laugh and ridicule away every peice of News that seems of serious import. We laugh at any mischeif the combind neutral league can do us— We laugh at any person who says Gibraltar is in danger, that Holland will go seriously to War against England, that the Combined fleets are nearly eaqual to ours, that we shall not be victorious in the West Inds. and North America, that Arnold will not conquer Virginia &c. &c. In short our folly seems to me more than ever unaccountable, and we are for the present more than commonly bouyd up by the prospects of pacification with Spain and Holland separately from France and Ama.
I will write you immidiately on my return to Town which I expect will be in 8 or 9 days and am in the interim very truly Yrs.


Title: To John Adams from Alexander Gillon, 8 March 1781
From: Gillon, Alexander
To: Adams, John

Sir
Amsterdam 8th. March 1781

Since I have been Honoured with Your Excellency’s Reply of 12th November to my Application to You the same day in behalf of the State of South Carolina, fresh disappointments have arisen that Caused unavoidable delays, and thereby Accumulating Expences. These disappointments could not be foreseen nor expected, and were, the delay of 280 Men, all the Ammunition, and Cloathing I had paid for ever since the 1st August last, and which were Collected at Dunkirk to be moved to here as soon as I directed, This I did the Moment the Ship was over all the Shoals: but to my Astonishment those Men were without my knowledge employed by the Chevalier de Luxembourg (who raised them for State Account) on the Jersey Expedition, whilst I was daily expecting them, till the Ice forced me to seek shelter in the Creeks near the Texel, at an amazing Expence of Lighterage, being Obliged to take all out of the Ship. By this movement only, The Ship was saved from a total Loss by the Ice, She is Yesterday come out of the said Creeks, and is now taking all in, with the utmost expedition: The Chevalier de Luxembourg is also forwarding the 280 Men, and the Materials—so that if Wind and Weather permit, we will be ready to sail direct for Boston, Rhode Island, or Philadelphia, in about Four Weeks.
This is the State of things, excepting the disagreeable necessity I find myself in for want of Monies to pay the Ship’s disbursements here, every Shilling I had of the State’s being expended and my Friends here having advanced as much as they could spare, on my present Security. I have now left nothing undone that forebodes Aid, nay, have even applied to the Regency of this City, also to the West India Company, in Behalf of the State of South Carolina, for a Loan of Fifty to One Hundred Thousand Guilders, Their Reply was no Relief, In this Case, Who can I apply to but to Your Excellency who has been partly an Eye Witness to my Struggles in Europe, for what? to Add my feeble Aid in so Glorious a Cause as we are all embarked in. It is for Your Country Sir that this Aid is required. And I am sure You adore that Country too much not to Enable me to Conduct a Ship to them that may prove of so much service to the Continent in Generall. Your Excellency may deem it wrong in me to trouble You on this Occasion, but Sir who is it we are to expect Aid and Relief from, if we do not procure it from Americans, Your Excellency I know is in want of Money for the Continent also, and may have none to spare for the distress’d State of South Carolina, but my Application to You now is not for Money. But As Your Excellency has opened a Loan on Bonds, payable in Ten Years, and that those Bonds are not all Placed yet, I would Propose to Your Excellency to let me have Fifty of these Bonds, for Account of the State of South Carolina—say, Fifty Thousand Guilders, in these blank Bonds, under such Instrument of Writing as You will Judge consonant to my Powers from said State. For these Bonds Sir, I may procure the Monies from Old Friends and Acquaintances, that would not Subscribe to the Loan, nor that will not lend me Monies on Account of the State of South Carolina, because it is Invaded by Our Enemies.
Your Excellency observes it is not Cash I ask, neither that which can cause You any disquiet thereafter. And as Your former denial was at a time when You had not opened Your Loan, nor had Bonds ready, I am led to believe You will not refuse the Aid so easily now in Your Power to Grant, because you have no Authority for assisting me. Permit me to Observe Sir—That if Americans were only to serve their Country, when they had the highest Authority for it, more Irregularities would be the consequence than could now proceed from Your enabling a Ship in one of the States’ Service to get home, and enabling upwards of One Hundred Americans to get to their Families from whom they have been drove these 2 or 3 Years to serve their Country. It is no merit in me to make this Remark, That had I only acted by Orders since this War begun, I should have returned to America long since neither have become Guarantee in my Name for the State of South Carolina, for upwards of Twenty Thousand Pounds Sterling, borrowed for them, and now expended for their Service—No Sir—This is no Merit, for one who has long been prepar’d to Sacrifice his Treasure and his Life for to do every thing in his power to serve the Country, either with or without Orders Neither was it Merit in the Honble. R. Izard Esqr. (to whom I had only similar Letters of Introduction as to You) when he joined me in his private Name, in a security of 400,000 Tournois, borrowed for the State, because both He and I conceiv’d it to be our Duty to assist Our Country whenever we had it in our power, either with or without Orders.
Your Excellency observes—That it would be a precedent for the Commissioners now in Europe from Massachusetts Bay, Virginia and Pennsylvania, if You was to Aid me. To that, Admit my observing, that none of these Commissioners are in the Situation I am in. I know none of them that has procured such a Ship for the Use of the Continent which has upward of £15,000 Sterling of usefull Goods on board on Credit, and which is so Situated that for the want of ƒ50,000 Ship Goods, and Men, will be detained. But allowing, Sir, they were in such State, I humbly conceive it would be a pleasing precedent You would establish, and that each State, as well as the Continent in General, would deem themselves under the greatest Obligations to You for. Your Excellency may say—Why not sell those Goods? I have Sir, Sold some, at much less than they Cost—but was I to sell any now, I could not procure one Half of what they Cost, owing to the total stagnation of Trade—but This I will do, if Your Excellency thinks it will be more Convenient. Do You Take for Account of the Continent, all the Merchandize I have on board—which Consists of prepared Iron for Ship Building, Cordage, Canvas, Blanketts, Woollens, and Slops of all kinds, The Value Amounting to about £15,000 Sterling—Advance thereon, the Bonds I now Ask, and I will oblige myself to deliver these Goods, to the Order of Congress, at such Ports as you think these Articles are most wanted at, by the 1st. July next at farthest.
This, Sir appears to me, a Just and favorable Proposition, for no doubt Congress wants such Goods. You cannot have them Chose better nor have so good an Opportunity to Land them in America, it takes no Money from You, it is sending such Goods to Congress on a Ten Years Credit, that they else would not have, And it is helping the Continent in General, And the State of South-Carolina in particular, without any trouble or Inconvenience to Yourself, Thus the Goods would be either Mortgaged or Sold to You in behalf of Congress.
In short, Your Excellency now fully knows my Situation, and its Causes—Also, That it is You only that can enable the Ship to Sail, for without this—Your Aid, I see no prospect but of her laying where She is. I have done my utmost, have held out to the last, and if I cannot pay these Debts I must do as others have done, return Passenger the first Opportunity, and give an Account of a Three Years Absence, entirely devoted to the business I was sent on. But when I call to mind Your Excellencys firm Attachment to Your Country, and Your Humane disposition, I feel Comforted, firmly trusting that You will never loose such an Opportunity of serving Your Country, nor of Helping Your Brave, and suffering Countrymen now on board, thus prevent their coming on Shore, in the deepest Poverty (loosing their 8 Months, hard, and sore Labour), to beg perhaps daily Food from You, or any that would have Compassion on them for so are matters advanced now, that the Moment the Ship is Ready for Sea, and the Officers and Men see She is still detain’d I shall be ask’d the Reason; Honour and Justice will then lead me to tell them it is because I cannot procure Monies to pay the Ships Debts. That Said, Sir, I foresee every Officer and Man will not wait further hopes, but will quit the Ship and come to this Town to get to any place where they can get Food and Raiment, as not one of them has any other Shelter or support but the Ship. The Consequences of this I can easier feel than describe. Thus, for Your Country’s sake, for every Sake, enable me to avoid this Catastrophé, so fatal to the Honour, the Interest and the Credit of America, and of every American here. What a Triumph would not such an Event be to Our Enemies. As to My Fate, Sir, I must await it with the Hopes proceeding from this Confidence, That I have done all my humble Abilities could suggest and that I cannot blame myself for any Step I have taken, nay not even of having quitted a happy home for Three Years, bound myself as Security for the State, to the extent of my Fortune, and Involv’d myself in the danger of being every Moment sent to a Goal for debts I contracted for a Country that I have not the Honour of being a Native of.
Your Excellency will much Relieve and Oblige me to Honour me with Your Reply as soon as possible and to believe that I Am with the utmost Respect & Esteem Dear Sir Your Excellency’s most Obedt., & most hble Servt.

A. GillonCommodore of the navy of the State of South Carolina


Title: C. W. F. Dumas to John Adams: A Translation, 10 March 1781
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

Sir
The Hague, 10 March 1781

This morning I delivered your various packets, as you ordered, beginning with the president of their High Mightinesses. He asked some questions such as “where did this come from?” “What are its contents?” etc. I named you, as well as your current location, and your capacity as minister plenipotentiary of the United States in Europe. I told him the substance of what the packet contained and left him a card with my name and residence. As for the three northern ministers, it was their mail day so I could only gain entry to see the Danish minister. He asked me to assure you, sir, that he will forward your letter to his court. I left the packets with a card for the two other ministers. The Duc de La Vauguyon told me he would respond to you. This evening I will send our friend his packet. I have the honor to be with sincere respect, sir, your very humble and very obedient servant

Dumas


Title: To John Adams from Charles Guillaume de Woedteke, 10 March 1781
From: Woedteke, Charles Guillaume de
To: Adams, John

Monsieur
Treptow sur la Rega en Pomeranie le 10me. de mois de Mars 1781

Votre Excellence pardonnerés l’hardiesse de Vous incommoder de mon Ecriture.
Un certain Colonel Americain, qui a servi au Roi de Prusse comme Volontaire dans la derniere Guerre contre les Autrichiens a assuré a mon Frere le Major Prussien de Woedteke, que notre frere Frederic Guillaume de Woedteke ci-devant Capitain et Brigade Major au Services prussiennes étant mouru comme Colonel Americain a Philadelphia, où celui l’a vu ensevelier. Des certaines Occasions demandent de sçavoir sa Mort avec Cèrtitude, c’est pourquoi vont mes Prieres très-humbles a Votre Excellence de me procurer un Attest de sa Mort au plus vite. Peut-etre que notre Frere a servi au les Hautes Etats Americains sur un autre nom, c’est pourquoi seroit-il necessaire, de regarder cela, car on peut soupçonner, que son vrai nom Frederic Guillaume de Woedteke sera fondé dans ses Ecritures, et peut-etre on apprendra de ce Colonel Americain les Circonstances de sa Mort. Aussi on peut ajouter, que notre Frere a été au services Francoises Capitain et Inspecteur de la Cavalerie, et que sa Garnison a été a Paris.
Je prie Votre Excellence très-humblement, d’avoir la Grace de me  Procurer cet Attest, car les necessités de Famille le pretendent au plus vite, et puis que je ne connois Personne pour m’adresser qu’a Votre Excellence. Je resterai pour cette Grace toute ma vie avec le Respect le plus profond Votre Excellence très humble et très obeissant Serviteur

de WoedtekeLieutenant au Services Prussiennes


Title: Charles Guillaume de Woedteke to John Adams: A Translation, 10 March 1781
From: Woedteke, Charles Guillaume de
To: Adams, John

Sir
Treptow on the Rega in Pomerania 10 March 1781

Your Excellency will please excuse the boldness of this inconvenience in my writing to you.
A certain American colonel, who served as a volunteer for the Prussian king in the last war against the Austrians, has assured my brother, Prussian major de Woedteke, that our brother Frederic Guillaume de Woedteke, formerly captain and brigade major in the Prussian Army has died with the rank of American colonel at Philadelphia where he was buried. Certain circumstances demand that his death be confirmed, so it is with my humble prayers to you, your excellency, that proof of his death be obtained as soon as possible. Perhaps our brother served the noble United States under a different name, making it necessary to look up his real name, Frederic Guillaume de Woedteke, in the conscription books and then possibly we can find out about the circumstances of his death from this American colonel. I will also add that our brother was in the service of the French as captain and cavalry inspector and that his garrison was in Paris.
I ask your excellency most humbly to please procure for me this proof as quickly as possible for his family. I do not know who else to turn to except your Excellency. I will remain, for this favor, with the most profound respect for the rest of my life, your excellency, your very humble and very obedient servant

de WoedtekeLieutenant au Services Prussiennes


Title: From John Adams to Philippe André Joseph de Létombe, 11 March 1781
From: Adams, John
To: Létombe, Philippe André Joseph de

Sir
Leyden March 11th. 1781

I recieved your favours of Feby. 4th. and 28th. but today. I am much obliged to You for giving me the Opportunity to send the inclosed Letters to You.
I am much afraid my Letters will not reach Paris before your Departure. You will be able to tell my Countrymen more than I know of publick Affairs.
I beg You to warn them against all Expectations of Peace. The Appearances of it are all deceitfully thrown out by the English, who are, under Pretence of it, endeavouring to embroil all Europe.
I have the Honour to be, with the sincerest Wishes for your good Voyage, and with the greatest Esteem & Respect, Sir, your humble Servt.


Title: From John Adams to Jean de Neufville & Fils, 11 March 1781
From: Adams, John
To: Neufville, Jean de, & Fils (business)

Sir
Leyden March 11. 1781

I received this Morning your Favour of Yesterday with the Inclosures. You Seem to think that the Loan has been opened too Soon: but I am not of that opinion. Better too Soon than too late. If it had been too late, you See, the time would have been pass’d and could never be recalled. But if it is only too Soon, there is nothing wanting but a little patience, to wait, and the true Time will come in its course.
I Should be obliged to you, to Send along the Obligations as Soon as convenient, that I may Sign them, and dispose of them. I can find persons in my travels who will take them, and give me the Money for them. I think to Stand my own Broker, Undertaker, and Banker. I Should be obliged to you if you would counter Sign, Some of the Obligations before you Send them to me, because there are persons ready to take Some of them. Dont be amused. The Mediation of Russia, cant interrupt or retard our Affair. If that Mediation produces nothing, and the War goes on, it will not effect our Loan.
If that Mediation produces, an Acknowledgment of American Independence, and an Acknowledgment of the Rights of neutral Vessels, as it is given out that it will, Surely this will not retard our Loan. In all cases be not deceived. I will not. My Business is to try the Experiment, and to know whether We have Credit and Friends or not? If We find We have not, there is no harm done. Every one in that case will follow his own Taste, which you know there is no disputing.

I have the Honour to be, your most respectfull and obedient humble Servant


Title: From John Adams to Francis Dana, 12 March 1781
From: Adams, John
To: Dana, Francis

Dear Sir
Leyden March 12th. 1781

I dont know whether I have acknowledged yours of the 12th. Feby.: that of the 25th. came to me yesterday. The Letter inclosed was from Mr. I. Smith of 18 Decr. He says they were busily employed in raising their Quota for the Army during the War or for three Years, and that the other Provinces were doing the same. He says Mrs. Dana was well a few days before: that Davis had arrived after having thrown over his Letters being chased by an American—this is all. I have Letters from the President and from Lovell—the last unintelligible—in Cyphers—but inexplicable by his own Cypher—some dismal Ditty about my Letters of 26th. July—I know not what.
But my dear Sir, I hasten to the most interesting part of your Letter, your project of a repassage of the Mountains. I shudder at the thoughts of it, when I consider what a bad Traveller You are, and that Robbers by the Way may take You to their Dens. I dont know how to part with You. I want your Advice constantly now every day, yet I think You are doing more good where You are, than You could here. I know that by Conversation with A.Z. Congress You might do good: but there are so many hazards, that I dare not advise You. I think with You that We shall have nothing to do in our principal Department: yet the Mediations of the Emperor and Empress seem to require Attention from Us, altho’ I am persuaded it is only the Artifice of England to embroil all Europe. I will communicate to You a secret—let it be kept so. I have recieved a Commission dated 28th. Decr. for this Republic. I want your Advice; but I can ask it by Letter while You are at Paris. I suppose it was the Intention of Congress that I should employ Dumas, as my Secretary, here, but have no Orders or Hints about it—there is no Commission to him, which makes me think that A.Z. Congress intended I should be at liberty to employ him or not, as I shall judge proper. I suppose A.Z. Congress intended to leave the Way open to employ him, by their not sending a Commission to You. Upon the whole, I dont know how to advise You: We will consider of it a little longer if You please.
I can give no Assurances or lively hopes of Money or Friendship in this Country. They are furious for Peace. Multitudes are for Peace with England at any Rate—even at the Expence and Risque of joining them in the War against France, Spain, America and all the rest. They are in a Torpor a Stupor, such as I never saw any People in before: but they cannot obtain Peace with England on any other Terms than joining her in the War, and this they will not because they cannot do. I sometimes think that their Affections would lead them to do it, if they dared.


Title: From John Adams to Edmund Jenings, 12 March 1781
From: Adams, John
To: Jenings, Edmund

Dear Sir
Leyden March 12. 1781

I am honoured with yours of 5. You will honour and oblige me much sir, by your Thoughts upon the Subject of European Jealousy and Caprice, hinted at.
You will see that the Empress has undertaken to mediate between E. and Holland, but she will not join the Emperors Mediation but on two Conditions Sine quibus non. These are 1. an Acknowledgment by England of American Independance. 2. An Acknowledgment by England, of the rights of neutral Vessells, according to the late marine Treaty.
I am fully of your Perswasion that England means nothing but to embroil all Europe. I dont wish she may Succeed, but I dont much care if she does. 1. because all Europe deserves to be punished for their criminal Inattention and Inactivity. 2. because I think America would loose no Advantage by it, but rather gain. However I believe rather that Europe will, have too much Wit to be duped.
The Tableau is a Mirror for America. It is an excellent Work, and the Author of it, whom I know very well, Seems a valuable Man.
I am informed that the Colls. Laurens and Palfrey, were coming to France. The first as Charge d’Affair—the Second as Consul general. There is Some cause to fear that Palfrey is taken into N. York—Laurence was to come from Boston.
I learn nothing of Mr. A. Lee and Mr. Izard. Will you and your Friend consider the Subject of an Alliance between the United Provinces and the United States, and point out the Advantages, the Wealth of Commerce, the Power and Consideration, which would result to the former from such a Connection? Between you and me only, there is Reason for Such Speculation at this time.


Title: To John Adams from Jean de Neufville & Fils, 12 March 1781
From: Neufville, Jean de, & Fils (business)
To: Adams, John

Honourd Sir
Amsterdam 12 March 1781

May it please Yoúr Excellency to receive by this Conveyance provisionally two hundred of the bonds or obligations with the coupons there to belonging.
If it could be convenient, we should look úpon it as a favoúr if yoúr Excellency was so kind as to retúrn ús a very small part of them with her Sanction, we wish we may want before the Month of Aprill a greater qúantity then as yett we are Súre of, to gett placed, the úncertainty in Politicqs, after the offerd mediation of Rússia, keeps people in Súspense as farr as we can learn by the generall discoúrses, so we wish this, and some other matters may be soon publickly illústrated for the quieteness of people in generall, and especially for their encouragement as to the Loan.
With the highest regard we have always the honoúr to be Honourd Sir Yoúr Excellencys most devoted And most obedient humble Servants

John de Neufville & Son


Title: To John Adams from Francis Dana, 14 March 1781
From: Dana, Francis
To: Adams, John

Dear Sir
Paris March 14th. 1781

This is just to acquaint you that Colo. Lawrens arrived at L’Orient on the 8th. instant in our Frigate the Alliance from Boston, and was to set off on the 10th. for this City; so that he may be hourly expected. If he has any Letters or Dispatches for us, he will doubtless bring them himself. No News of Colo. Palfrey. We fear the Shelalah is lost at Sea. I enclose a Philadelphia Newspaper of the 30th. Jany. by which I think it will appear Arnold is not doing any great things in Virginia—the old business of stealing Negroes and Tobacco, and burning defenceless habitations is their honorable employment. Jefferson proclamation will I beleive put an end to the modern paroles.

Yours affectionately
FRA DANA


Title: To John Adams from the Duc de La Vauguyon, 14 March 1781
From: La Vauguyon, Paul François de Quélen de Stuer de Causade, Duc de
To: Adams, John

La haye ce 14e. mars 1781

J’ay recu Monsieur la lettre que vous m’avez fait l’honneur de m’ecrire aussi que la Copie de la Resolution du Congres des etats unis de l’amerique septentrionale qui y etoit jointe; vous m’annoncez que vous en avez donné une communication ministerielle au President de l’assemblée des etats generaux aussi qu’aux envoyés des cours de Petersbourg Stokholm et Coppenhagen et vous me priez d’appuyer cette demarche de mes Bons offices; Je Suis persuadé Monsieur que vous sentez parfaitement l’impossibilité ou je suis de la Seconder Sans un ordre exprès du Roy, quelque soit mon Zele personnel pour les vrays interests de l’amerique Septentrionale. Recevez Monsieur l’assurance tres sincere des sentiments de la consideration la plus Distinguer avec lesquels j’ay lhonneur d’etre votre tres humble et tres obeissant Serviteur

Le Duc De la vauguyon