Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Champigny, 18 May 1778
From: Champigny, Jean Bochard, chevalier de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

  Amsterdam chez Mr. Cuthbertson dans le Kalver-straat le 18 May 1775 [i.e. 1778]
  Monsieur

Quelle occuppée que soit votre Excellence des intérêts politiques de ses hauts constituens, je m’étois flatté qu’elle trouveroit un moment pour l’humanité et qu’elle voudroit bien ne pas oublier une Espece d’auteur auquel les embaras seuls ont mis la plume à la main.
Vous avez, Monsieur, depuis le Commencement du mois d’avril les deux premiers volumes de mon Histoire d’Angleterre, ainsi que les deux premiers de celle de Dannemarck; cependant jusqu’ici vous n’avez pas jugé à propos de m’en accuser la réception, et encore moins de me faire toucher les douze Ducats qui me reviennent pour compléter la Souscription du premier de ces ouvrages et les 9 pour l’histoire de Dannemarck que j’ai pris la liberté de vous offrir.
Votre Excellence connoit ma position autant que la foiblesse de mes talens, je connois votre aisance et la bonté de votre coeur. Vous ne voudrez sans doute pas vous départir des Engagemens que vous avez contractés avec moi en souscrivant à l’histoire de Dannemarck comme une Bagatelle dès que vous envisagerez qu’ils peuvent influer sur ma fortune; j’oses donc vous conjurer de vouloir bien me faire remettre au plutot ces 21 Ducats, faisant 231 Livres argent de france et d’agréer les assurances du profond respect avec lequel je suis Monsieur de votre Excellence le très humble et très obeissant serviteur
Le Colonel Chevalier DE Champigny

Endorsed: Chevr. de Champigny
Notation: Amsterdam 18 may 1775.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Paul Jones, 18 May 1778
From: Jones, John Paul
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honored Sir
Brest May 18th. 1778.
The within letter addressed to the Countess of Selkirk which I leave open for your perusal will I hope apologize for the liberty I take when I request you to forward it via Holland. Two copies are already forwarded, one of which under cover to the Post Master at Calis and Lord Le Despencer, so that I hope at least one of the three will reach the Ladys hands.
I cannot but feel myself hurt by the dirty insinuation of the Enemy, that my enterprize at Whitehaven was in consequence of a Capital Sum paid me in hand by the Court of France: They have other Visits of the same kind to expect (if I am not deprived of the means of making them) and that too without my having either a certainty or hope of Gain. I have the honor to be with great Esteem and Respect Sir Your very Obliged very Obedient very humble Servant
Jno P Jones
His Excellency Doctor Franklin

Notations in different hands: Capt Jones June 6. 78 / Brest


Title: The American Commissioners to the President of Congress, 19 May 1778: résumé
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: President of Congress

<Passy, May 19, 1778: We enclose for the consideration of Congress a copy of a letter from the comte de Vergennes, and of a letter enclosed with it.>


Title: The American Commissioners to Vergennes, 19 May 1778: résumé
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de

<Passy, May 19, 1778: We have received your letter of May 15 with its enclosure, and have forwarded copies of both to Congress. Justice, we have no doubt, will be promptly done.>


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Arthur Lee, 19 May 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Lee, Arthur

Tuesday May 19 [1778].
Mr. Franklin presents his Compliments to Mr. Lee, and acquaints him that M. Bertin (the Minister) requests his Company at Dinner on Tuesday the 26th Inst. at Chatou.
Mr. F. also reminds Mr. Lee of their being expected at Dinner to day, at M. Chalut’s (Fermier General) Place Vendôme.

Addressed: A Monsr / Monsieur Lee / à Chaliot
Endorsed: May 19. 1778 Invitations


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jean-Baptiste Le Roy, [19 May 1778]
From: Le Roy, Jean-Baptiste
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Aux Galeries du Louvre ce mardy matin[May 19, 1778]
Mon Illustre confrère on fera demain mercredy à l’Académie le rapport du projet d’Etablissement de M. De La Blancherie. J’espere que vous n’avez pas oublié que vous êtes un des commissaires nommés pour en rendre compte à la compagnie. Vos collègues commissaires sont M. De Lalande M. De Condorcet et votre serviteur. Or il est d’usage que les Commissaires ayent tous lu le rapport avant qu’on le lise à l’Académie et qu’ils soient presens quand on le lit. Mais il suffira pour tout cela mon Illustre confrère que vous soyez à l’Académie vers les quatre heures quatre heures et demie et même plus tard si vous ne le pouvez pas plus tot. Adieu mon Illustre confrère je n’ai que le tems de vous dire combien je vous suis veritablement attaché et pour la vie
Le Roy

Addressed: a Monsieur / Monsieur Franklin / Deputé du Congrès / a Passy
Notation: Mr. Le Roy Paris.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Vaughan, 19 May 1778
From: Vaughan, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
Bordeaux 19 May 1778
Since I had the pleasure of writing to you on the 21 Ult. nothing has come within my knowledge worth your notice. The kindness you have already shewn me encourages me to apply to you now matters begin to assume a dangerous aspect.
A heedless speech imprudently supported by an Irish young man here, has not only occasioned his own banishment, but also an account to be taken of all the Irish and English, their place of Birth and time of residence; being obliged to give in my name, I gave it in as American. Two days after this, a summons was sent to the heads of the houses to wait upon the Intendant, by whom an extract of a letter from the governor of this province [was read], importing that it had been resolved at Court to exile the English Factory at Bordeaux; but that in consequence of his representing the total loss of property they must sustain, it had been at length fixed upon their behavior; it was however intimated that this lenity would not be shewn to new settlers or strangers. My name being down as American it may be prudent perhaps to be master of proofs in case of necessity. If you agree in this, (and I leave it to your Judgement), I shall be happy in a line from you or Mr. F. directing the proper steps before an approved certificate can be granted.
The Boston passed the Castle yesterday, Saluting and Saluted and I this morning saw her marines embarking.
Letters I saw yesterday from Martinico bring a most melancholy account of an American fregate being blown up in an engagement with a 64 gun ship, which in the night she had taken for an Indiaman. 4 lives only are said to be saved. Conjectured to be the same which a French man of war brought an account of as being at Goree after taking Guinea ships. From same letters we learn that Irish provisions are so cheap, owing to the Number of American prizes, that what was sent from France was sold at loss.
Reported. That the Dutch have some vessels of force to defend St. Eustatia trade; Count D’Estangs squadron not out of the Streights the 8th, an English Squadron of 13 watching him and the Spanish Flota not arrived. I cannot authenticate them. I am Dear Sir with sincere respect and affection Your obedient friend and Servant
John Vaughan

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Benjn. Franklin / a Passy / près de / Paris


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jacques Leveux, 20 May 1778
From: Leveux, Jacques
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Calais ce 20. May 1778
Mr. De Chaumont a eu la Bonté de me faire parvenire hier la lettre que vous m’avez fait l’honneur de m’ecrire le 15. de ce mois. Je n’en desirois pas davantage pour etre authorisé a secourir tous les sujets des Etats unis de l’amerique qui pouroient en avoir besoin dans ce Canton. Le zele avec lequel je m’y employerai vous prouvera par la suite que vous ne pouviez mieux placer votre confiance. Elle m’est bien glorieuse, Monsieur, et il me sera dans tous les tems bien agreable de pouvoir etre utile a de nouveaux alliés que ma nation estime a de si juste titres. Pour vous, Monsieur, j’ose vous assurer que ma reconnoissance est sans borne, et que votre nom qui m’etoit cher parce que je suis françois me le devient aujourd’huy bien d’avantage. J’ose vous demander la continuation de votre bienveillance et vous prier d’etre persuadé des sentimens respectueux avec lesquels j’ai l’honneur d’etre Monsieur Votre trés humble et trés obeissant serviteur
Jes. Leveux

Endorsed: Leveux Calais
Notation: 20 May 78


Title: An Anonymous Letter and Franklin’s Comment on It, [20 May 1778]
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To:

[May 20, 1778]
Une personne qui aurois quelque chose de tres interessant et pressé a vous communiquer, desirerois, Monsieur, que vous voulussiez bien luy donner un moment pour luy procurer l’agrément de s’entretenir avec vous sur ce dont il s’agit.
L’on sais que vous venez quelquefois au jardin des eaux, et comme l’on ne veut y être apperçu d’aucun de vos gens (et que l’on a des raisons très fortes pour cela), l’on s’est transporté icy tout exprès de Paris dans l’espoir que l’on aura l’avantage de vous voire et de vous parler d’objet d’autan plus important qu’il concerne des personnes distingués.
An anonymous letter delivered to me at 9 in the evening May 20, 78. It seems intended to draw me out into those gardens for some bad purpose; as the person who pretended to have such urgent business with me has never since appeared; though (refusing to go out at that time of night) I appointed the next day at 11 o’clock.
B. Franklin


Title: Vergennes to the American Commissioners, 21 May 1778
From: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Versailles. Le 21. May 1778.
Je reçois dans le moment, Messieurs, la Lettre que vous m’avez fait l’honneur de m’écrire le 19. pour m’informer que vous avez rendu compte au Congrès des Etats Unis des plaintes renfermées dans le Raport de M. de la Ruelliere Consul de France à Madere.
Je vous prie d’agréer mes Remercimens de l’usage que vous avez bien voulu faire de la Communication que je vous en ai donnée. J’ai l’honneur d’être avec une parfaite Consideration, Messieurs, votre tres humble et très obeissant serviteur
(signé) De Vergennes
Mrs. Les Députés des E.U.


Title: The American Commissioners: Petition to the Massachusetts Council and House of Representatives, 22 May 1778: résumé
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To:

<Passy, May 22, 1778: Mr. Joseph Parker of London has asked us to write to you about his property in a vessel that has been in public hands since the spring of 1775. We have reason to think that he is a worthy man, a friend of America; further detention of his property will ruin him and his family. The ship was held, we understand, on an order from the General Court before September 10, 1775; if so, he may be thought to have suffered a hardship. We petition that his case be settled as soon as possible, and we hope favorably.
Although at the beginning of the war considerable American property was in the hands of British merchants or in government funds, as far as we know none of it has been confiscated or inquired about. For us to set the first example of severity would be imprudent, especially when the law of nations gives subjects of states at war at least six months’ grace to withdraw their effects.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Peter Allaire, 22 May 1778
From: Allaire, Peter
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Calais 22 May 1778
I this moment Arrived from England and profited by the Spanish Courier to Inform you that the Wind came to the Eastward yesterday morning about 11 Clock and all the fleet in the Downs got underway and was out [of] Sight in the Evening. The fleet of 12 Ships of the line laying at St. Helens I make no doubt are sailed. I have also sent you two News papers. I shall stay at Boulonge. Being with great Respect Your obedient humble Servant
P. Allaire

Addressed: Dr Benj Franklin / Passy
Notation: P. Allairy. 22 May 1778.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jacques Anisson-Duperon, 22 May 1778
From: Anisson-Duperon, Etienne-Alexandre-Jacques
To: Franklin, Benjamin

A l’Impr[imeri]e Royale, ce 22 Mai 1778.
M. Anisson Duperon Directeur de l’Imprimerie Royale a l’honneur de saluer très humblement Monsieur franklin, et de le prier de se ressouvenir de la promesse qu’il a bien voulu faire de venir diner chez M. Duperon, et voir l’Imprimerie Royale avec M. son petit fils, Lundi prochain, 25 du présent.

Notation: Anisson 22 may 1778.


Title: The American Commissioners to John Paul Jones, 23 May 1778
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Jones, John Paul

Sir
Passy, May 23. 1778
A pilote being wanted to conduct an Advice Boat to America, if you have in your Ship a suitable Person that can be spared, the Commissioners request, that you would permit him to go on that Service. We have the Honour to be, Sir, Your most obedient humble Servants.
B FranklinArthur LeeJohn Adams
Honble Capt Jones

Endorsed: from the American Plenipotentiaries Passy Passy May 23d. 1778 Recd Brest May 28th. 1778.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jean-Baptiste Le Roy, [23 May 1778]
From: Le Roy, Jean-Baptiste
To: Franklin, Benjamin

[May 23, 1778]
J’ai l’honneur de vous envoyer Monsieur et cher confrère le rapport du projet d’établissement de M. De la Blancherie Tel que nous nous proposons de le lire aujourd’hui à l’Académie. Et comme l’usage ainsi que je vous le mandois par ma lettre du mardy, qui a été perdue, est que tous les commissaires l’ayent lu avant qu’on en fasse lecture à l’Académie et que ceux qui ne peuvent être presens à cette lecture le signent pour marquer qu’ils l’approuvent, je vous l’envoye pour que vous ayez la bonté de remplir ces deux conditions qu’observent les commissaires absens dans ces rapports.
Me permettez vous Mon cher Docteur que je vous mene diner demain avec Mde. Le Roy un Physicien l’abbé le Noble que vous verrez peut être aujourd’hui et qui entend très bien ce qui regarde l’aimant, particulierement les aimans artificiels. Adieu Monsieur et cher confrère. Je me fais une fête d’avoir l’honneur de vous voir et de dîner avec vous demain car il y a bien Long-tems que je n’ai passé que des momens bien courts avec vous
Le Roy

P.S. Si vous trouvez l’observation de M. Inghenhausen sur la découverte de M. Priestley relativement au charbon vous me ferez plaisir de la donner à mon domestique avec le rapport signé. Je la lirai aujourd’hui à l’Académie. Adieu Mon Illustre confrère.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Vergennes, 23 May 1778
From: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

A Versailles le 23. Mai 1778.
J’ai l’honneur de vous envoyer, Monsieur, un Paquet a votre adresse que M. L’Ambassadeur d’Espagne me prie de vous faire passer. Un Courrier Espagnol qui vient de Londres, l’a reçu en Route sans savoir de quelle Part. L’Escadre qu’on suppose destinée pour l’Amerique est sortie de Ste. Helene le 20. Tout le 21. elle etoit en Calme dans le Canal. Les vents ayant été depuis assès favorables, il est a croire qu’elle aura debouqué et sera en Route pour sa Destination. J’ai l’honneur d’etre avec un très sincere attachement, Monsieur, Votre très humble et très obeissant Serviteur
(signé) De Vergennes
A M. Franklin


Title: The American Commissioners to John Bondfield, 25 May 1778: résumé
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Bondfield, John

<Passy, May 25, 1778: We thank you for your intelligence reports. Your bills on us will be paid when we have received and examined your accounts; please present the latter monthly so that we do not acquire more debts than we can pay, of which there is considerable danger.>


Title: The American Commissioners to John Paul Jones, 25 May 1778: résumé
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Jones, John Paul

<Passy, May 25, 1778: We congratulate you on your success and safe return. Until we hear about an exchange of prisoners we advise you to keep yours securely confined. If we can get an equal number of American seamen to man the Drake she will add to your strength, whereas sending her to America will deplete it and risk recapture of the prisoners.
Your bill for M. Bersolle we have had to refuse for several reasons. First, you should have applied to Mr. Schweighauser as agent at Brest. Second, we have no authority to make presents to officers and crew, however deserving, or advances against prize money or wages. All we can do is pay for repairing and furnishing the ship, and provide clothes for the men to be charged against their wages.
Lieutenant Simpson has told us of your arresting him. A court martial is impossible here, and he should be sent to America as soon as possible. The consequences of such an arrest ought to be weighed in advance.>


Title: The American Commissioners to Jonathan Williams, Jr., 25 May 1778: résumé
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Williams, Jonathan Jr.

<Passy, May 25, 1778: Your letter of the 18th informs us of a dispute with Mr. Schweighauser about the Ranger’s prizes, with which you think you are charged until your orders are revoked. Congress authorized Mr. William Lee, and he in turn Mr. Schweighauser, to superintend commercial affairs, whereas your authority derives only from us. We therefore revoke all the powers that we have hitherto given you, so that maritime and commercial management within Mr. Schweighauser’s district may rest solely with him. We do this with no prejudice to you, whom we respect and esteem, but solely to prevent conflicts of interest and delays. We repeat our request that you give us your accounts as soon as possible.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Girardot, Haller & Co., 25 May 1778
From: Girardot, Haller & Cie.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Paris 25 May 1778
Our Corrispondents Mess. F. & A. Dubbeldemitts of Rotterdam Transmitted us a letter for you, which we immediately forwarded on the 18 Current. They are desirous of establishing a Corrispondance in America and for that reason desire we woud request of you to favor them with as speedy an answer to their abovementioned as possible. We shall likewise be p’ticularly obliged to you to give them every satisfaction and Instruction that may be usefull to them, and on recival of your letter for them, we will immediately forward it. We have the honour to subscribe ourselves on all occasions Sir Your most obedient humble Servants
Girardot Haller & Co.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur le Docteur Frankelin / Député des Etats Unis des / Colonies chez M. Le Ray de / Chaumont / Passy / hotel Colbert
Notation: Girardot, Haller & Co. 25. May 1778.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Barbeu-Dubourg, [26 May 1778]
From: Barbeu-Dubourg, Jacques
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Mon cher Maitre
[May 26, 1778]
Je vous prie de prendre lecture de la lettre cy jointe que j’ai reçue de M. Busson Lt. g[énéra]l de la fleche qui vous avoit eté recommandé par notre pauvre Ami Dalibard avec qui il etoit fort lié; et de me marquer ce que je dois lui repondre. On m’a chargé aussi de vous demander si les hernies (ou descentes d’intestins) sont plus ou moins rares en Amerique qu’en Europe, si on faisoit venir d’Angleterre des bandages, ou brayers, pour ces infirmités; et plus specialement si les hernies ombilicales ou exomphales y sont communes, et si on connoit des bandages singulierement appropriés a ce mal.
Voudrez vous bien aussi me renvoyer par le porteur ou me rapporter samedi chez M. le Comte de Brancas mon petit manuscrit. Je suis toujours le plus devoué de vos serviteurs
Dubourg

Notation: Dubourg Paris 26 May. 1778


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 26 May 1778
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear and honoured Sir.
Nantes May 26. 1778.
You must have already seen by my Letters how much pains I have taken to keep clear of Dispute, and yet obey my Orders. My last to the Commissioners from Brest will show you that I have ever avoided doing the Rangers Business for fear of disagreeable altercation. Notwithstanding this, I have a Letter from Mr. A. Lee by which it appears that complaints are made, proved, Justice done to the Complainer, (or in other Words the person complained of censured,) and, by implication, I am this person. Is it possible that the Commissioners have judged and censured me unheard? I can’t beleive they have. I send you inclosed Copies of Mr. L’s Letter to me and my answer. The latter I hope you will not disapprove, and I beg Sir you will kindly continue to indulge me when I arrive at Paris with private audiences when you have Leisure from more important affairs, and If I can’t show clearly that I have conducted myself honourably, honestly and (as far as my ability would permit) usefully to the Public, let me be punished with the Loss of your affection. But ’till I fail in my Justification let me hold the place I hitherto have had in your esteem and believe me to be most dutifully and affectionately ever Yours
J Williams J

Notation: Jonathan Williams Nantes 26 May 1778


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to John Paul Jones, 27 May 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Jones, John Paul

Dear Sir,
Passy, May 27. 1778
I received yours of the 18th. inclosing one for the Countess of Selkirk which I forward this Day via Holland as you desire. It is a gallant Letter, and must give her Ladyship a high and just Opinion of your Generosity and Nobleness of Mind.
The Dirty Insinuation you mention is of a Piece with many others from the same Quarter; the natural Produce of base Minds, who feeling no other Motive in their own Breasts, but sordid self-Interest, imagine no other Motive can exist in others, and therefore it is to that alone they ascribe the most praiseworthy Actions.
The Jersey Privateers do us a great deal of Mischief, by intercepting our Supplies. It has been mention’d to me, that your small Vessel, commanded by so brave an Officer, might render great Service by following them where greater Ships dare not venture their Bottoms; or being accompanied and supported by some Frigates from Brest, at a proper Distance, might draw them out, and then take them. I wish you to consider of this, as it comes from high Authority; and that you would immediately let me know what you think of it, and when your Ship will be ready.
I have written to England about the Exchange of your Prisoners.
I congratulate you most cordially on your late Success, and wish for a continuance and Increase of the Honour you have acquired. It will always be a Pleasure to me to contribute what may lay in my Power towards your Advancement and that of the brave Officers and Men under your Command. I have the honour to be Sir, Your most obedient humble Servant
B Franklin
Honble Capt. Jones

Addressed: To the honourable / John Paul Jones Esqr / Commander of a Ship of War / (the Ranger) belonging to the United / States of America / Brest
Endorsed: from His Excellency Dr. Franklin Passy Passy May 27th. 1778 Recd. Brest May 30th. 1778


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from La Blancherie, 27 May 1778
From: La Blancherie, Claude-Mammès Pahin de Champlain de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur le Docteur,
Ancien college de Bayeux rue de la HarpeLe 27. Mai. 1778
Tout est presque perdu, si vous n’avez la bonté de venir à notre secours et c’est pour le coup qu’il faut que je me jette à vos pieds. Mes ennemis enragés de la part que l’Académie des Sciences prenoit à mon établissement et de l’autorité qu’elle alloit lui donner par votre rapport, se sont glissé auprès de plusieurs Académiciens, et enfin on leur a persuadé qu’ils ne devoient se mêler à rien de ce qui me regarde, de maniere qu’ils s’assemblent aujourd’hui, quasi pour desavouer les démarches qu’on a fait à cet égard jusqu’à cette heure. Et c’est ainsi que me mettant dans le cas de ne pouvoir m’appuyer d’aucun témoignage auprès du gouvernement, ils pensent voir détruire cet établissement contre lequel on est si acharné . . .  et c’est ainsi que périra l’ouvrage de deux ans et demi, le fruit d’un travail et d’une activité sans égale, de plus de 15000 l.t. de frais. . . .
Voila ma position, monsieur le Docteur, quelque confiance que j’eusses en vos bontés, je n’aurois pas poussé l’indiscrétion jusqu’à vous importuner encore de mes plaintes, si M. Le Roi ne m’en eût pressé. Il prétend que si vous veniez aujourd’hui à l’Académie, votre présence et un mot de vous dissiperoient ces conjurations
Eripuit caelo fulmen, sceptrumque Tyrannis.
M. le roi vous prie, monsieur le Docteur, de me faire savoir si vous viendrez à l’Académie, ce soir. Parce que si l’on ne doit pas compter sur vous il ouvrira la séance par le rapport qui me concerne. Il pense qu’on ne peut trop précipiter cette affaire pour prévenir et déconcerter les projets des mal intentionnés.
Venez-donc couronner votre ouvrage, monsieur le Docteur. Vous n’ajouterez rien à tout ce que je vous dois, mais vous me mettrez à même de justifier l’honneur de votre protection. Je suis sûr que le plus grand trait d’éloquence auprès de vous, est de vous faire sentir que Le public vous devra un ètablissement utile, et que je vous devrai la tranquillité et ma gloire. Je suis avec un profond respect Monsieur le Docteur Votre tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur
La Blancherie

Notation: La Blancherie 27. May 1778.


Title: The Commerce Committee to the American Commissioners, 28 May 1778: résumé
From: Commerce Committee
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

<York, May 28, 1778: This comes by Capt. Thomas Read of the Baltimore, which has a cargo of tobacco; it is consigned to John Daniel Schweighauser, who will send back on the ship such goods as you direct. The Deane, Henrietta, and Queen of France have arrived in Boston.>


Title: Samuel Tucker to the American Commissioners, 28 May 1778
From: Tucker, Samuel
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Gentlemen
Pouillac May 28th 1778
These may Serve to Inform your Honours that I am Now Lying Wind bound ready for Sea and Shall Imbrace the first Opportunity after a Long Detention for the want of Seaman. The Last three weeks I was in Bordeaux my Crew was very Sickly. I had the misfortune to Loose Several from the Hospital Who died with a Pluricy fever. Then troubled with a Pack of Villians Who was Carring on a Consparicy on board my Ship but Luckly Discoverd their Scheme by a Villian from town to Blaye with his Last message to know the minds of my People. I have had to advance four thousand five hundred Livers to Offercers and new Recrutes Which I hope will not be taken amiss my Situation being Very Disagreable but hope to render Satisfaction to my Contry for the Expences I have or may be att. Gentlemen I Congratulate your Honnours with the Success of Capt. Jones in the Ranger but am heartily Sorry for the Loss of Capt. Bidle in the Raindolph for So fine a man and his Vallaint Crew and the Loss of the Ship to my Contry Who was Sunk by the Seaford of 64 guns taking her to be and [an] old Indiaman in the transport Service Run along side her in the Night haild her fired a Broad Side into her. The Seaford Returned below and a Loft Blew up the Raindolph and all Perrishd but two one of which a Gentleman of this town Sayes he had the acct. from att Martinaco he arrivd here a few days ago. Pray god it may be false. Gentlemen I can give your honnours no Particular acct. What time it happend but that he Confirms it as a Certainty. My Number of men on board is 182 men and Boys among which is about 40 Seaman. Since I Came in the River I have had 22 men deserted me but am now tolerable well mand and my Ship Extraordinary well fited but am not yet Determind on my Cruze which I Shall Determine after Leaving this Port. Gentlemen with Due respect I Remain Your Most Obedient Humble Servant
Saml Tucker

Endorsed by John Adams: Captn. Tucker May 28 1778
Notation: Capt. Tucker Pouillac May 28 78


Title: William Bingham to the American Commissioners, 29 May 1778: résumé
From: Bingham, William
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

<St. Pierre, Martinique, May 29, 1778: I have written Congress for permission to draw on you; if I do not hear I shall have to draw for 100,000 livres to honor my commitments. Congress owes me much more, but if I receive payment in goods I shall be hard put to it to dispose of them; the likelihood of war has virtually stopped trade here. I must report the loss of the Randolph and Alfred. The latter was captured because of the cowardice of Capt. Thompson, in the Raleigh, who refused to assist her. The former was destroyed because of Capt. Biddle’s intemperate courage in attacking the Yarmouth, 64; only four of the crew were saved.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from David Hartley, 29 May 1778
From: Hartley, David
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
Golden Square May 29 1778
Yours received this moment of the 25th instant by Mr. Parker. I will apply for the exchange of the prisoners without delay and will press the point as much as I can which in truth I have done many times since I saw you but official departments move slowly here. A promise of 5 Months is yet unperformed. The inclosed letters came to me but yesterday tho they are dated April 7th. Mr. Wren has writ me word that several of the prisoners have similar requests to make. The two bills which you sent me were upon Nesbit £15 15s. 0d. drawn by Wm. Parsons which I sent to my Banker and he sent me for answer that he had offered the bill at Nesbits and that they returned for answer Ignoramus. The other bill is upon Vaughan for £21 which has not yet been sent for acceptance.

Notation: David Hartley to Benjamin Franklin


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ——— St. Juste, 29 May 1778: résumé
From: St. Juste, ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Rodez, May 29, 1778, in French: I have a project that you will doubtless approve, for a corps to be raised, trained, and ready for action within a year. It will have a new kind of discipline and way of fighting, along with weapons of my invention that are far more effective than cannons. I want to use it for particular purposes that suit my skills and the men’s courage. If we fail, I and my eight immediate subordinates will atone with our heads and the men with half their pay; the same penalty will apply if the corps does not make a predetermined number of forays in each campaign. Authorization from the French government is prerequisite, for I have not the means to act on my own. I must have sufficient funds, and be permitted to give my men distinctive training, uniforms, and weapons, more pay than in the rest of the army, and the right to booty and prisoners’ ransoms. You have nothing to fear from high station, which I do not claim, or from a brilliant reputation, which I claim still less. All I have is the boldness of my scheme, the means to carry it out, and the willingness to lose my head if I fail. Let me have your answer; I shall not leave Rodez for some days. Please communicate my letter to no one except the other commissioners.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Henri Serre, 29 May 1778
From: Serre, Henri
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Genêve le 29 May. 1778
Pardonnez la liberté que je prends, mais je ne crois pas pouvoir mieux m’adresser, pour m’éclaircir sur un sujet tel que celui-ci; votre sisteme sur l’életricité explique parfaitement tous les phenomênes qu’elle nous présente. Cependant, Monsieur, je me trouve arreté quand je veus éssayer d’expliquer les effets de l’électrophore de Mr. Volta par le moyen de votre électricité positive et négative. Cette éxperience est certainement fondée sur les mêmes principes qui expliquent si bien les effets de la bouteille de Leide; cependant je ne comprend pas bien pourquoi apres avoir frotté la résine de l’électrophore et excité ainsi son électricité, l’on ne peut éxciter d’étincelle de la plaque de métal que l’on pose dessus et que l’on élêve ensuite à une certaine hauteur, si l’on ne tire auparavant une petite commotion en touchant en même tems la plaque inferieure et la superieure tandis que cette derniere est en contact avec la résine. Je concois bien qu’un des cotés s’electrise positivement et l’autre negativement, et que cela donne lieu à la petite commotion que l’on ressent en touchant en même tems les 2 plaques. Je concois bien encore que si l’on élêve la plaque superieure sans l’avoir touchée l’on ne tirera point d’étincelle parce que l’électricité reste toujours attachée à la surface de la resine d’ou elle ne se détache qu’autant qu’on fasse subir, au coté inferieure et dont l’électricité est contraire à celle du superieur, des effets analogues, en vertut de cette régle que vous avez si bien demontrée que dans l’expérience de la commotion une surface ne peut se charger ou se décharger, qu’en raison de ce que la surface opposée se décharge ou se charge; mais pourquoi tire-t-on une étincelle si brillante lorsqu’apres avoir tiré la petite commotion et élevé la plaque superieure on en aproche la main ou tout autre corp simpatélectrique[?], dira-ton que l’équilibre ne s’est pas parfaitement retabli et qu’il reste encore quelque peu d’électricité dans la surface supérieure? Mais si cela etoit ainsi et que l’on suppose qu’il reste encore une petite commotion on ne devroit point pouvoir éxciter d’etincelle apres avoir élevé la plaque par la même raison que l’on en tire point lorsque l’on éleve cette même plaque sans l’avoir touchée dans le tems qu’elle est en contact avec la resine, les choses étant restées dans le même etat au degré de force prés; daignés, Monsieur, si vos occupations vous le permettent, me donner quelque lumiere sur les causes de ce phenomêne. Je suis en attendant Monsieur Votre tres humble et três obeissant serviteur
Henri Serre

P.S. Mon adresse, Monsieur, est simplement Henri Serre à Gêneve

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Franklin / A Paris
Endorsed: Henry Serre à Geneve / Electrophore
Notation: Geneve 19 may 1778.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from [Benjamin Vaughan], 29 May 1778
From: Vaughan, Benjamin
To: Franklin, Benjamin

My dearest sir,
May 29. [1778]
I received your little scrap of paper, and found it more acceptable than volumes from other people. I am sorry however to find that so little can at this moment be recovered, that is suitable to our purpose. But be that as it may, we shall be content to go on with what you have got; and the sooner it comes the better, on account of the season, when the press is more at leisure than during winter. The paper on the vis inertiae and that on the alphabet will not I hope, among the rest escape you. Any instructions you may add, will be thankfully accepted, and strictly complied with, for of late I have learned more modesty than formerly. Poeta loquitur will no longer be chargeable to me, now I have gained another years experience; and I shall keep you as chaste and pure as possible from foreign and impertinent matter.
Having this moment received a letter from our young friend at Bourdeaux, it occurs to me to mention that the present precaution of the French government may furnish a reason possibly, for no longer delaying the measure proposed for him. I know no reason why he should not be like yourself as far as may be; but leave this to your better judgment. You best can tell whether war is certain and soon. With respect to this last question, we are here very much inclined to think that the French are bungling; and for my own part I have no objection, as your business is equally done.
There is no very remarkable public news. Some changes in the law are pretty certain, but not wholly completed: Thurloe to be Lord Keeper. Our fleet under Biron does not sail, at least as long as the present determination of ministry lasts: In the mean time we are pressing. To day news is brought that all our ships of war almost, are to go out upon a cruise; but I have this news only from the coffee-house books. You observe that ministry have suffered one of the Irish bills to pass, after being a great deal altered and modified. It was thought something was necessary to quiet Ireland, after Lord North had rashly given them expectations on his part, that all should pass. None of the import bills pass, and the burthen of the present bill falls on the loyal town of Manchester. If I thought you had not other accounts I should say something about the catholic bill, which is but a very partial relief; though they insinuate that more will be done next sessions. Col. Barré and Lord Shelburne have given up their 4 points with regard to America, long before Lord Chatham’s death, and before his illness even. Mr. Dunning only spoke to the point of one friend and one enemy; avoided to press the one purse, though he thought if modified, it would do no harm to America; and was absolutely silent about the commerce. No higher changes are settled yet, nor for my own part do I express any thing material will yet be done; though I suspect, some people have had overtures made them, which I trust they will not accept. People are much and generally disconted, though upon different grounds and with different people: But the —— is by no means without a share of censure. Burgoyne’s speech was not remarkable, except for a most handsome account of the generosity of Schyler and his wife and daughter, which made a strong impression on the house; and of a letter from Gen. Washington. Yesterday he took an open and avowed part against ministry; and spoke in favor of the militia, from what he saw in America. Parliament is to be prorogued; but upon invasion or fear of invasion, may be summoned again upon 14 days notice, by an act of parliament. Lord Chatham debts are not paid by above £13,000; upon a poor pretext, which I am not at liberty to mention. What has been done in the city has been chiefly through the instrumentality of a certain young zealot, who sometimes writes you three sheets of paper at a sitting. I find the family of a certain Bishop fond and even enamoured with you, down to the females. I could for ever make myself acceptable to them, with you as my subject. They are all well, as are all your friends. Dr. P. and Dr. P. are about to publish a correspondence concerning the immateriality of the soul. Mr. Magellan will give you an account of the factions of the Society, upon your account: how contemptible must this low intrigue make a certain person appear, to foreigners, and in time to posterity! I have nothing farther to add to this incoherent letter, except my wish that you would give Jamaica to the French, and not to the Spaniards; I have horror for the latter, but can reconcile myself very well to the former. At all events I guess Maurepas will be good natured enough to let our first fleet come home. Your friend Lord Sandwich by the by has turned out a coarser and more vulgar lyar than I thought possible: he has been sadly torn to pieces on all sides. Even Lords Mansfield and Lyttleton laughed at him. Yours ever most devotedly, affectionately and gratefully

    Ships from Philadelphia are arrived, but I think they say are of old date. They renew the talk of Howe’s return.

Notations: B Vaughan / May 29. 78 / Vaughan


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Joshua Babcock, 31 May 1778
From: Babcock, Joshua
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Westerly 31 May 1778
To You, Dear Doctor, amidst the Glare of Applause (augmented with the Consciousness of having well executed the high and important Trust reposed in You, had I the Misfortune to have known Nothing of your Excellency) should have been puzzled, in what Mode to have made my Addresses, but that am assur’d that Titles Eclat and Panegyric have not the Weight of a Feather in your Estimation, am therefore under no Kind of Sollicitude in Writing You from this State; one fourth Part of which has been in Possession of the Enemy, for a Year past without any Molestation: an Invasion of Providence daily dreaded. Some feeble Attempts they have made at and near Point-Judith, yet such have been the Vigilance and indefatigable Duty of the Inhabitants in Arms, that ½ the Militia and ½ the Alarum-List have during the last Summer been constantly on Guard by Releifs till almost Christmass, and half that Quantity during the chief of the past Winter; since which our General Assembly have made an Act for the Emancipation of such Slaves, as shall voluntarily inlist into the Service during the War; their Master’s to be paid for each not exceeding 400 Dollars. This sable Battalion well uniformed and well conducted, bid fair for Service.
The Smallness of this State, exposed by the large Extent of Sea-Coast has subjected it to the Attacks of the Enemy beyond any of her Sisters, many Vessels (and allways when within Reach of our Cannon) have been sav’d, which the Enemy have push’d towards the Shore, who have been compell’d to retire with Shame and Disappointment. The two continental Frigates, 32 Guns each, built at Providence, have got out by Night, the Enemy’s Watchfulness notwithstanding, tho’ each, as they pass’d gave and received Fire, with all their Fury.
You must have heard of Genl. Spenser’s projected but successless Expedition last Year against the Enemy on Rhode Island, which after 30 Days Preparation (the Time the Troops were inlisted for) prov’d abortive, whereupon the old Trojan, that He might not be plagu’d with an Enquiry, obtain’d Leave to resign, whom the State of Connecticut have left out of the List of Counsellors, succeeded in this by a good Man, viz. Mr. Hosmer, in the other by Genl. Sullivan, who by being supported, we hope, will make a Figure.
The exorbitant Prices the necessary Articles of Life are swol’n up to have engaged the united States to make an Experiment by severest Penalties to make Water run up Stream, at Fixing by Oaths and Fines Prices which the Law binds not to violate. This You know will bind the honest, but how shall we fence in the rest i.e. the Bulk of Mankind? Of a Piece this, with Doctor Eliot’s old Negroe’s working all one Sunday, piling up his Fence as high as He could reach, to shut out the Squirrels from his Corn-Field.
Connecticut’s Assembly in their present Session have appointed a Committee to treat with Massachusetts and this State to press us into the same Restriction they Themselves had previously given into and pretend had inviolately adher’d to. This State really meant to have adopted the same Plan, but waited for Massachusetts to give the Lead, on which we always determin’d to follow Suit, and conjecture that we shall soon try the Game the second Time, having been luckless the first. Can You recommend any better Expedient to mend the Currency Which, excepting a little Change, is entirely continental, than that of severe Taxation?
You must not censure our highest warmest Congratulations in your negotiating the Treaties of these States with the Court of Paris, which have transcended our most sanguin Expectations, wherein the most Christian King by his magnanimous heroic Concessions has also immortalized his Name, who in Concert with the Queen of France is daily toasted in the politest Circles in America, in Company with your Excellency.
Governor Cook having early noticed our Genl. Assembly of his Resolution to resign, Deputy Govr. Bradford and your old Favorite’s Husband were the Candidates, but Mr. Green gain’d a small Majority. You know the honest Soul. Your Address to Lord North, December last in Behalf of our captiv’d Countrymen suffering under nefarious British Barbarity, exhibites in the most striking Light the tenderest Feelings of Humanity, and we hear has shamed Them the Enemy, into a partial but reluctant Reformation.
Suffer me now for a Moment to figure in Idea the Situation of One, condemned to Silence, against whom Sollicitor-Genl. Wederburn was bitterly inveighing in the most haughty insolent Tone in his Philippic Interrogatories and Taunts, on whom the American Philosopher could then only look down with Sovereign Contempt. And the present Feelings for having obtain’d Freedom and the sacred Rights of Mankind for 3 Millions of his Countrymen then threatened by the haugtiest corruptest Power in Europe with the most abject Slavery and ruthless Vassalage. Or is the court of London so lost to Reflection, so sunk into Dissipation, as not to be capable to recollect their Fate by incurring the Resentment, the Curse of Maltreating a Patriot? whose Influence they now must distressingly feel (if they are not past Feeling) having roused up the mightiest Powers in Europe to Resent, amongst other Injuries, this Affront, and whom these are now proud to caress and embrace as their Friend and what is more as a Friend to Mankind.
We seem to realize the Golden Age advancing! May You continue in your Prime (for we find You have not passed it, I mean, in the best Sense) till You shall have effectuated for the 13 united States the most honorable Peace and have formed a better Plan of Government and a better Police than Greece or Rome ever knew. May You patiently bear the Hosannas the Shouts of Applause from this your native Country, and late, very late either enter into the Millenium or into the beatific Vision as shall be most conformable to your philosophic Casuistry. I have the Honor to be with every Sentiment of Gratitude and Respect your Excellencys most humble and most obedient Servant
Josh Babcock
His Excellency Doctr Franklin

Endorsed: Joshua Babcock Westerly 31 may 1778


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from C. Neate, 31 May 1778
From: Neate, Mrs. C.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
London May 31 1778
Relying on the sincerity of that friendship you have often professed for me and my family I now entreat the exertion of that influence you are well known to have on the proceedings of the major part of our friends and correspondents in America friends whom I firmly beleive are desirous of preserving from contempt the memory of a man whose honour and integrity acquir’d him the first and best of characters and whose reputation was never sully’d while living. It is with real grief of heart I inform you good Sir that tho’ it is now three years since I sustaind the loss of Mr. Neate not more than one third of his just debts are yet paid and consequently the unfeeling (regardless of other’s woes) now cast an odium on that character for the preservation of which we wou’d give up every enjoyment of life. But it is not in our power by any resignation to stop the tongue of calumny being reduc’d indeed. I will not wound your feeling heart by describing the situation of the widow and children of your once valued friend but entreat your attention to my relation and beg your advice and assistance. Mr. Neate left many Executors they differing in opinion have never sent an agent from England but have establish’d those that acted for my late husband—at New York Mr. Lewis and Mr. Jay and at Philadelphia Mr. Collins and Mr. Bond from whom we have not receiv’d a single line the eighteen months. The amount of the debts due to Mr. Neate at the breaking out of this unfortunate war was near a hundred and forty thousand pounds of which ninety one thousand was thought indisputably good about a third of the rest doubtful and the remainder given over for lost. Since his death the executors have receiv’d only thirty thousand pound therefore of the undoubted ballance remains sixty one thousand. I am no stranger to your willingness to serve the distress’d therefore apply to you for instructions in what manner to proceed. I doubt not of the good intentions of many of our correspondents and am inform’d of the abilities of many of them but suppose the want of conveyance with safety is the cause of our not having any remittances. I may be wrong and pretend not to find out a proper method of proceeding myself but rely on your directions which if you good Sir will favour me with you will lay under indispensible obligation Your most obedient Servant
C Neate
Mrs Neate St Peters near margate

Addressed: Dr. Franklin
Endorsed: Mrs Neate
Notation: May 31. 1778.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Richard Peters, 31 May 1778
From: Peters, Richard
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
York May 31st. 1778
I have several Times troubled on the Subject of my Father’s Situation in England who if living must be necessitous or dependant upon Persons to whom I am convinced it is not agreeable to him to be under Obligations. In the Winter 1777 I heard he was dead I wrote you on the Matter. I have since heard of his being alive but altho’ I have written a great many Letters [and] I sent Bills of Exchange as long as I could procure them, he has it seems never heard from me for a long time and of Course recieved no Assistance. I have for 10 Months past endeavoured to keep all Observations out of my Letters which however just might be obnoxious to our Enemies. Yet some unfortunate Expression has perhaps damned all my Letters. I must therefore beg the Favour of you to endeavour to convey to my Father if living the true Situation of American Affairs and inform him of the Welfare of his Connexions here. And you can also inform him of the Connexion I have made as I believe Mrs. Peters is known to you. That I have served all his Papers expect in a few Days to be again in Possession of his Property in and about Philadelphia and wish him to come and spend his Days with me. Should you hear of his Death be pleased to inform me but if he is living pray get him a Supply of Cash which I will repay. I repeat what I have frequently written to you as I am fearful my Letters have miscarried. He lodged the last Time I heard of him at Mrs. Roberts’s near the County Hall Liverpoole. He has a Son Ralph Peters Barrister at Law in Liverpoole—sed cavete.
If my father continues his Sentiments with Regard to our Dispute he must envy you who are I believe much of his Age the Share you have had in bringing about so glorious and permanent a Revolution as this Country now does and forever will experience, at a Stage of Life when most People are incapable of even the common Bussiness of Life. For my Part I thank you as a Citizen of these States for your public Efforts and as an Individual am obliged to you for the favorable Attention you have paid to my private Concerns. For I have heard that you transmitted my Enquiries about my Father to England from whence I since heard. I need not tell you that British Tyranny is departing with a rapid Pace. Their Instruments are preparing to leave Philada. with Disgrace. Everything has the most promising Appearance and America I may now pronounce free and will be speedily great and happy. I do not know whether Mr. Bache is informed of this Conveyance therefore beg Leave to acquaint you that he Mrs. Bache and their little Girl are exceedingly well and preparing like myself for a triumphal Entry into Philadelphia. I am with real Esteem and Respect Your very obedient Servant
Richard Peters

P.S. Perhaps my Father might be persuaded to go to France or at least to deposit any Papers which would be of Consequence to his Family here in the Hands of yourself or of some Person you recommend.
Honble Dr Franklin

Addressed: Honble / Dr. Benjamin Franklin / Commissioner from the United States / of North America / near / Paris
Endorsed: Richard Peters abt his Father
Notation: Richard Peters York may 31. 1778


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Abraham Whipple, 31 May 1778
From: Whipple, Abraham
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honoured Sir
On Board Frigate Providence Painbeuf HarbourMay 31. 1778
I have the pleasure to Acquaint you of my Arrival in this Port last evening about Seven Past. Inclosed I transmit a Copy of my Orders from Honorable Contin. Congress also my Orders from Navy Board Eastern Department.

I saild from the River of Providence in the State of Rho. Isld. the first instant; Passing the British Ships who Blockaded the passage we recieved a very severe Cannonade, which did Considerable damage to the Sails, Rigging &c. The Head of my Top Mast was shot away, and two Shot in the Hull; but did not go through. I flatter myself that the Lark Frigate, must have been very much damaged, as our Guns were previously pointed to strike the Water and being within not more than Fifty Yards of her, it was almost impossible not to have hurt her Considerable. The Second Broadside from our Frigate, she immediately sheerd away and gave up all thoughts of Chacing: The Lower Ship only dischargd one Broadside, some vollies of small arms and a number of Scattering Guns but the Compliment was so warmly repaid as baffled their Design of putting out to Sea after us.
The fourth day after I Left Port, was Chaced by a two Decker from Light in the morning till three PM. but in so long a Run gaining no Advantage, she then gave over.
The 8th instant spoke with a Ship from Nantz bound for America Captains Name Horace, Ships Duchesse de Gramont, mounting Twenty Four Pounders, and laden with Cloaths Ammunition &c. on Account of the United States.
In Latt. 45.00 N. Long. 10.00 took a Brigantine Laden with One hundred and forty three Pipes of Wine, bound from Porto Port to West Chester, Captains name William Tyler.
The third day she was retaken by the Ship Nancy Letter [of] Marque from Jersey mounting twenty two Guns, Commander Phil. Winter. In three quarters of an hour, retook her Again. In the Brigantine took two Midshipmen and one Seaman: Giving Chace to the Ship Nancy Carried away our Foretop mast which together with nights Coming on, hindered our Coming up with her: Our Prize not yet Arrived, Left to Chace a Privateer Brig and having the misfortune to Carry away our Main Top Mast, the Fore Top Mast being sprung before, deprivd us the pleasure of taking her. Although was within Long Shot of her about ten Hours. My Masts and Spars are by no means Sufficient for the Ship and if I had proper Masts, so as to Carry and Croud Sail, she is the fastest Sailing Ship I ever was aboard of. At present have Twelve Prisoners with me and should be glad of Orders relative to them. When I Left Port our Armys were all still, and had not taken the field: We recieved the Agreable News about ten Days before I saild, that France and Spain had Declared America Independent States: in Consequence of which there were Universal rejoicings. Inclosed I transmit a Draft of the Bills for reconcilitory Measures between the Crown of Great Britain and America, Published by Gen. Pigot Commander at Rho. Island; it was recieved with all the marks of indignity which so mean an Artifice justly deserved and was burnt by the Common Hangman with every possible Contempt. Having lain in a Blockaded Port upwards of Sixteen Months, it was almost impossible to Man our Ship However have at present One hundred and Sixty including Men and Boys. Our Frigate mounts Thirty Guns: Six Eighteens, Eighteen Twelves and Six Sixes, and is able to Carry them if they were all Eighteen Pounders.
The Ship being foul and wanting new Masts, shall attend to refitting her as soon as Possible and only wait your Honours Orders. The Difficulty of the Passage through which we were Obliged to go hindered any Public Dispatches of Consequence being sent in the Frigate, as it was the general Expectation that we must be taken, and that inevitably.
The Bearer Mr. William Jones Capt. Marines will deliver these Dispatches, and a bundle of Gazettes Directed to your Honour from the Navy Board. I have the Honour to be with the deepest Sentiments of Respect and Esteem, Sir Your most Obedient Humble Servant
Abraham Whipple
Honble Benj Franklin Esqr

Notation by John Adams: Capt. Whipple 31st. May 1778. ansd June 6. 1778


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to John Paul Jones, 1 June 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Jones, John Paul

Dear Sir
Passy, June 1. 1778
I have the Pleasure of informing you that it is propos’d to give you the Command of the great Ship we have built at Amsterdam. By what you wrote to us formerly, I have ventur’d to say in your Behalf, that this Proposition would be agreable to you. You will immediately let me know your Resolution: which that you may be more clear in taking, I must inform you of some Circumstances. She is at present the Property of the King, but as there is no War yet declar’d, you will have the Commission and Flag of the States, and act under their Orders and Laws. The Prince de Nassau will make the cruize with you. She is to be brought here under Cover as a French Merchantman; to be equipp’d and mann’d in France. We hope to exchange your Prisoners for as many American Sailors: but if that fails, you have your present Crew, to be made up here with other Nations and French. The other Commissioners are not acquainted with this Proposition as yet, and you see by the Nature of it that it is necessary to be kept a Secret till we have got the Vessel here, for fear of Difficulties in Holland, and Interception. You will therefore direct your Answer to me alone. [In the margin: It being desired that at present the Affair should rest between you and me.] Perhaps it may be best for you to take a Trip up here to concert Matters, if in general you approve the Idea.

I was much pleas’d with reading your Journal, which we receiv’d yesterday. I have the honour to be with Sentiments of great Esteem, Dear Sir Your most obedient humble Servant
B Franklin
PrivateHonble Capt. Jones

Addressed: To / The honble. John Paul Jones Esqr / Commander of the Ranger / Ship of War of the United States / of America, now at / Brest
Endorsed: from His Excllency Dr. Franklin Passy June 1st. 1778 Recd Brest June 5th 1778


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to [Peter Timothy?], 1 June 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Timothy, Peter

Dear Sir,
Paris, June 1. 1778
M. Roulhac, who will have the Honour of presenting this to your hands, is the Son of a Magistrate distinguish’d in his Province, being Lieutenant General, and chief in that Quality of the Presidial of Limoges. The young Gentleman has apply’d himself to Commerce, and having been in several Parts of America, concludes to fix his House at Charlestown, with Views of carrying on mercantile Business between France and Carolina. Persons of great Distinction here interest themselves in his favour, and have requested me to recommend him to the Protection, Civilities and Counsels, of some Friend in your Country. I have taken this Liberty of addressing him to you, being persuaded that giving you an Opportunity of obliging and serving a Stranger of Merit, is doing you a Pleasure: And I shall esteem the Favour you may show him, as done to myself.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Samuel Cooper, 1 June 1778
From: Cooper, Samuel
To: Franklin, Benjamin

My dear Sir,
Boston N.E. 1 June 1778.
Your Friends Mr. Carmichael and Mr. Holker left this Place last Thursday for York Town where the Congress sits. The Day before, being the Anniversary for Election of Counsellors, I had the Pleasure of dining with them in Public at Faneuil Hall, where the King of France, his Army and Navy, and our Embassadors at his Court were toasted. We had a very good Sermon on that day, in which as well as in the public Prayers, particular Notice was taken of that Monarch, our illustrious Ally. The French Gentlemen among us seem highly pleas’d with the repeated Marks of Respect paid to their Nation. We have seen the Annunciation of the Treaty by the French Embassador, and the Notice taken of it by the British King and Parliament. What could have been expected but an immediate Declaration of War? But poor Britain—what Weakness! What Bluster! What Embarrassment, and Irresolution! It has hitherto happen’d as I apprehended; She dares not engage in a War with France and these States united. I mention’d in one of my late Letters to you, the Hast with which the conciliatory Bills were sent over to us, after a first reading, and the noble Resolves pass’d by Congress upon that Step before they had heard a Word of the Alliance. These Bills together with a Third, perfected into Acts, tho with some Alterations have with the same eager Hast, been sent out to us from N. York and Philadelphia. A Year ago they might in a Degree have amus’d and divided us; now they have no Effect but to show the Weakness of Britain. While such a Proposition for Accomodation is held out, the Enemy has made a sudden Incursion from Rhode Island and Bristol, and with usual Barbarity burnt and destroy’d as much as their Precipitation would allow. What Infatuation!
By repeated Accounts just receiv’d it seems the British Army are preparing to leave Philadelphia: We are getting ready to meet them on North River. If they mean another Campaign, I rejoyce in the Prospect of their returning northward. For the Labor and the Produce of the Earth are so high, and Bills so depretiated, as to render the Filling up the Army difficult, yet if the Scene of War is near N. England, our Militia will chearfully turn out, upon an urgent Call, even without Pay; and I trust to as good Effect as they did last Year. The unemploy’d, and those whose Labor turns to little Account are already in our Army, those who are now at home are Landholders and have Families; They do not want Spirit but they know not how to leave Their Farms and Families to suffer, for a distant Warfare. They wish for another opportunity to do their own Business and fight for their Country in the same Summer; like the Restorers of the Jewish State, who held a Trowell in one Hand, and a Sword in the other. This Attachment to a Family, and care for it’s Subsistence join’d with public Affection and Courage, tho it has not made the Army so large as we wish, has yet sav’d our Country from Famine and vanquish’d Burgoyne. Viewing this Matter in something of a different Light from what many even among ourselves do, it is in this Manner I account for what we have done, and what we have not done. I have long intended to give you an ancedote of L. Percy. Before General Washington took Possession of Dorchester Heigths, which frighten’d the British Troops from this Town, to cover his design, He for several Nights threw some Bombs into the Town, not having Ammunition sufficient for a more continu’d Bombardment. During these Nights, tho the Damage was trivial, his valiant Lordship retir’d to the Cellar of Wm. Vassal’s House in which he then liv’d and slept in his Wine Arch. His Servants made themselves very merry upon the Occasion, and gave him the Title of the arch General. This Story, laughable as it may be is the Child of Truth. His Lordships Merits in the American Service have been so puff’d in Britain and his Behavior here upon several Occasions, and particularly to our Friend Mr. Bowdoin was so dishonorable, that it may not be amiss for this Tale to follow him to Europe.
I cover to you by this Opportunity, Proceedings of a Court Martial &c. in which Col. Henley was tried; a worthy gallant Officer, who had treated the Prisoners of Convention with much more Lenity and Indulgence than their repeated Insolence had entitled them to, and whose Spirit and Firmness, in my Opinion, prevented a dangerous Mutiny. Had Genl: Heath inquird into the Matter himself, and decided it by his own Authority, he would have given more Satisfaction to his Country. But from a Desire to exhibit to all the World the uncommon Mildness and Equity of victorious Americans, Burgoyne was indulg’d a Court Martial, and an Opportunity, which he most eagerly sought, of displaying his Talents in an American Court, and as a Pleader in Bonds. It was an awkward Situation for a British General, and a poor Consolation for a vanquish’d one. The Stage however was allow’d him, and he exhibited himself, tam Mercurio quam Marte. I could have pity’d him, had it not been for the Cruelty with which he invaded us, and the Abuse he threw upon Col. Henley and my Country in Return for the most obliging Indulgences.
This Trial is accompany’d with a printed Copy of our propos’d Constitution, which has been rejected in a very full Meeting of this Town, and is like to be by many others, for different reasons: particularly because in the Opinion of the Maritime Towns, Representation is too unequal, while in the Opinion of others it is too nearly equal: So that we must go on as we are, and wait for more settled Times to compleat our Goverment.
As two young Printers of my Parish propose to publish a new Paper, and to encourage their Attention, I have promis’d them occasional Communications from my Correspondence. I should be much oblig’d to you for such public Papers &c. as may tend to enlighten and entertain our Country, and particularly give it the most agreable Views of the late Alliance, and strengthen the Friendship between France and America.
We are in pain for Mr. Adams who sail’d from hence last Febry. having heard a Rumor that he is taken. Shoud he be arriv’d in France, pray remember me to him in the most Affectionate Manner. This is my fourth Letter within a short Time. Your’s of the 17th. and 27th Febry. I receiv’d but not a particular Answer to mine of Octr. last to which you refer me a Copy of which I should be glad to see. Adieu my dear Friend Again, with ev’ry Sentiment of Respect and Affection, I bid you Adieu
Saml: Cooper.
Honle. B. Franklin Esqr.

Notation: Dr. Cooper June 1. 1778.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from [Benjamin Sowden], 1 June 1778
From: Sowden, Benjamin
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honorable Sir
Rotterdam June 1st 1778
T’other Day, and under Cover from Mr. Gordon, I recieved the inclosed Letters, Viz., one for yourself and one for each of your respectable Colleagues, Mr. Silas Deane, and Mr. Jno. Adams, by way of Amsterdam, where a Ship arrived last week from Boston, which port she left the 14 of last April. The Bearer, who came passenger in her, informed me that two more vessels from the same Port were hourly expected at the Texel.
I seize the opportunity of conveying this Packet by a Friend going to Brussels, where he will put it into the Post, and for greater security against Spies, I have inclosed them all under a Cover addressed to your Friend Mr. Chaumont.
Mr. Gordon desired me to inform You that the Honle. Thos: Cushing Esqr. and his family were all well, and that no material alteration in the families of your acquaintance in those parts had at that time taken place.
It is now many Months, since in Answer to one of Yours, on the Subject of printing Bibles for America, I sent You a Specimen of Enschiedie’s non-pareil letter, with the price per pound, together with an Estimate from Mr. Arrenberg, Printer and Courantier here, of the expence of printing 20,000 Copies of the size You mentioned, and the Conditions on which he would be ready to undertake the work; and his objections to sending the forms ready set to America, after they had been used here, or even if they had never been used here. The same Letter contained proposals from a Merchant here for sending to America, in sheets, or bound, any number of 4to Bibles you should order, with an Account of the terms on which he would engage in that article.
All these were sent in one Packet by Mr. Arrenberg to his Correspondent in Paris. Some Months after, having not recieved any Answer from You, and fearing his letter had miscarried, He wrote a second time by the same conveyance, and would be glad to hear from You upon the Subject, as soon as the many important matters that have for some time past engaged Your Attention, will admit.
Indeed Sir, You have been engaged, or, more properly engrossed for some considerable time past and have completed an Herculean labour, quod nec Ira Georgii nec ignis, nec poterit Ferrum edax abolere vetustas. Happy will it be indeed if it brings the British besotted, purblind Ministry to their reason; but from what I have seen of their obstinate perseverance in folly and Guilt, I fear they will prove like Lord Wharton’s Puppies, who never opened their Eyes till they were sinking. Were they only to suffer, it would be no great matter; they richly deserve it, but alas! their treacherous and selfish misconduct will probably bring down destruction on poor old England, which in meer contemplation makes my heart bleed, and I dare say, gives a Man of Your known Humanity no small distress.
The 10th of last March, by the conveyance of Mr. Dubbledemutts, a capital ship Broker of this Town, I sent You a Letter to be forwarded to Mr. Gordon, and one for Dr. Garden of S. Carolina.
I have been informed by a Person who affirms he had it from good Authority, that the States General have lately had it in contemplation to declare America independent, and that only one trading City, and that not the highest stands out. According to this form of Government a unanimity of the Towns by their Deputies in the States of the Province, and after that in the States general, is absolutely necessary to the success of such a proposal.
My state of health for some time past having been Indifferent, I intend, God willing, in about 6 weeks time, to try the benefit of exercise and change of air in a Visit of 3 Months to England. If within that time you have any Letters to be conveyed thither, I will take all possible Care of them, if you will send them to me here under a Cover addressed to Messrs. Coysgarne and Lloyds, Merchants in this City.
I hope You will be at length instrumental in establishing a lasting peace and harmony between Gt. Britain and America, on terms equaly satisfactory honourable and beneficial to both. With this, and every good wish for your Personal happiness, I am Honourable Sir Your obliged humble Servant.

The want of a name will sufficiently indicate that of the writer.

PS. I should be glad to know that you recieve this.

Addressed: To / The Honble. Dr. Franklin
Endorsed: Mr. Sowden Rotterdam 1er juin 1778.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Dumas, 2 June 1778: résumé
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric

Dear Sir,
Passy, June 2. 1778.
I should have sent the Treaty sooner, but that I imagin’d it would have been printed by the Court; As that has not been done, I have had a Copy made out in Manuscript, which you will receive with this. It is for the Grand Pensionary: But you will take the Advice of M. le D. de la V. [duc de La Vauguyon] as to the propriety of delivering it at present, &c.
Your Care and Attention in procuring and communicating Intelligence to us, is very agreable. I am ever, with great Esteem, Your most obedient humble Servant
B Franklin
M. Dumas


Title: Dumas to the American Commissioners, 2 June 1778: résumé
From: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

<The Hague, June 2, 1778, in French: The French Ambassador expects, as I do, that you will send me a copy of the treaty in time for the Grand Pensionary to circulate it among the members of the States before they meet on July 1. You will see by the enclosed that war is about to break out in Germany; that will do us no harm.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Girardot, Haller & Co., 2 June 1778
From: Girardot, Haller & Cie.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Parÿs June 2d. 1778
We referr you, to what we had th’honor of writing to you and desiring you an information of those articles which You Thought most ready in demand for your Contrÿ for Messrs. Dubbeldemuts at Rotterdam, and as those Gentlemen are Much in th’American interest, and very worthy men We would willingly oblige them as your Answer on that head wil Those who are very Sincerily Sir Your most Humble Servants
Girardot Haller & Co.
To the Right Honourable Dr. franklin

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur le docteur Frankelin / Député des Etats unis de / l’Amérique / chez Mr. Leray de Chaumont / Passy / hotel Colbert
Notation: Girardot, Haller & Co. 2 Juin 1778


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Mathieu de Rochefermoy, 2 June 1778
From: Rochefermoy, Mathieu de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur,
A Nancy en lorraine ce 2 juin 1778
La gazette de leyde ayant fait courir il y a déja quelques tems le bruit désagréable pour moi et ma famille, que vous aviez reçu des nouvelles des états unis de l’amerique, qui vous apprenoient que les commendans ameriquains à Ticonderaga s’étoient laissés seduire par le géneral Burgoine, et ayant compromis par là mon pere qui y etoit employé comme Brigadier Général, et qui s’est bien lave en présence du congrès et du Général ouhagington [Washington] de tous les soupçons qu’on a pu avoir de lui à ce sujet, j’ose prendre en consequence, monsieur, la liberté de vous écrire pour reclamer votre justice, et vous prier de vouloir bien me faire l’honneur, et me rendre l’important service de m’accorder une reponse qui puisse m’autoriser authentiquement à obliger le gazetier de leyde à retablir la reputation de mon pere, incapable d’aucune bassesse, et qui a toujours été reconnu pour un brave homme, comme il est facile de le voir dans un ouvrage intitulé science des postes militaires, dédié à son al[tesse] s[érénissime] le prince Conty.
Mr. le Maire capitaine de dragons qui vient de l’amerique dans ce moment, envoyé par le congrès en commission, et que j’ai vu ici en passant, m’a assuré que le congrès honoroit toujours mon pere de sa confiance, et qu’il devoit être de l’expédition du Canada; ainsi j’ose esperer de votre équité d’après cela, monsieur, que vous me ferez le plaisir de me donner la facilité de détruire la fausse nouvelle qui ternit la réputation de mon pere, qui expose sa vie dans ce moment pour le congrès. Je suis bien faché, monsieur de vous importuner par mes lettres, mais la nature du sujet de celle-cy me rendra surement excusable à vos yeux. J’ai l’honneur d’etre avec un très profond respect, Monsieur, Votre très humble et très obeissant serviteur
De Rochefermoyofficier au regt. de bourbonnois à Nancy

Notation: De Roche Fermoy Mancy ce 2 Juin 1778.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Samuel Wharton, 2 June 1778
From: Wharton, Samuel
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
London June 2d 1778
By the Bearer Mr. Pringle I have sent you the News Papers, Parliamentary Register &c., and I beg leave to trouble you with Copys of Letters, which have passed between Mr. Williams and myself on the Subject of an aspersion of my Character. I am just informed, That above a Month ago Mr. Williams unkindly communicated this Calumny to Dr. Smith, and That it has been repeated both here and in Paris. May I therefore request the Favor of you to lay the within Papers before the Honorable Mr. Adams and Mr. Lee, as my Justification against so groundless an Accusation? I can add nothing to my Letter marked No. 3. I have told the Truth, The whole Truth and nothing but the Truth.
In Consequence of Mr. Williams’s Note, marked No. 4, I named Friday last for his calling on Me. He came accordingly, and told Me, “He was Perfectly satisfied, That the Charge brought against Me was unjust and groundless, and wished the affair might be dropped”. I answered, That the Calumny was of so gross a Nature, and might be attended with such serious Consequences I could not listen to any verbal Declarations, But expected He would, in writing, explicitly inform Me Who were his Authors, or answer my Letter No. 3, and acknowledge That He was thoroughly convinced of my Innocence, and the scandalous Defamation of my Character. The latter He promised immediately to do. But I have neither seen, nor heard from Him since.
Government have received Advices from Philadelphia as late as the 28th of April. The Andromeda Man of War was arrived at New York. She carried a Copy of the proposed Bill of Concession; Which was afterwards Passed into a law. The Ministerialists say, That Eight Days before the Arrival of this Ship The Treaties with France had been ratified by Congress. General Clinton got to Philadelphia on the 24th of april, and immediately assumed the Command of the Army. Sir William Howe was to embark for this Place on the 7th of May, as were at the same Time The Guards, and Burgoyne’s Regiment of Dragoons. They were to be conveyed by a Fleet of Thirteen Sail of Frigates. Colonel Maud and Major Fitzpatrick, who arrived yesterday from Philadelphia, talk much of the Distresses of the Americans. Lord Suffolk, on Account of his frequent Attacks with the Gout, has given Notice of his Resignation. The Negociation (Whatever it was) with the Rockinghams, and Lord Shelburne, is intirely broken Off. All parties are exceding angry with Lord Sandwich, for having imposed Upon Them respecting the Navy. Admiral Keppel cannot put to Sea While the Wind continues, as it is, South West. With the sincirst Respect and Esteem, and with my Compliments to your Nephew I am dear Friend Yours most affectionatly
Saml. Wharton
His Excellency Benjamin Franklin Esqr. &c &c &c

Endorsed: Dispute Wharton & Williams


Title: The American Commissioners to John Paul Jones, 3 June 1778: résumé
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Jones, John Paul

<Passy, June 3, 1778: We have had numerous letters from Lieut. Simpson, and certificates from officers and others about him; although we do not wish to judge him, the certificates are most favorable to his character. Confining him anywhere except on the Ranger seems to us unjustifiably severe. We desire you to release him on parole, to take passage from Nantes in order to stand trial in America. Let us know what money is due him.
We have had an application for Mr. Andrew Fallen, one of your prisoners, in such terms that we wish you to parole him also, on condition that he say and do nothing prejudicial to the United States, and that when officially called upon he surrender again.>


Title: The American Commissioners to Sartine, 3 June 1778: résumé
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Sartine, Antoine-Raymond-Gualbert-Gabriel de

<Passy, June 3: We enclose a list of duties paid in Bordeaux on supplies for the Boston. Such payment is unusual for warships, and we ask you to regulate the practice in future. The captain of the Ranger has put his prizes into the hands of the intendant or commandant at Brest, and consequently heavy fees will be paid when they are sold; the transaction is improper, and we beg you to instruct the commandant to deliver the ships forthwith to Mr. Schweighauser on his order. We are asked to give a letter of marque, if agreeable to you, to a ship outfitted in Dunkirk with a crew of French, English, and Americans.>


Title: The American Commissioners to Thomas Simpson, 3 June 1778: résumé
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Simpson, Thomas

<Passy, June 3, 1778: We have had several letters from you and certificates from officers and others about the charge on which you have been confined. Our giving an opinion of it would be improper, but we have asked Capt. Jones to release you on parole, so that you may go to Nantes and take passage to America to stand trial by court martial.>


Title: The Crew of the Ranger: Petition to the American Commissioners, [3 June? 1778]: résumé
From: Crew of the “Ranger”
To:

<The Ranger, Brest, [June 3?, 1778]: Your petitioners, having for love of country left their wives and families to harass the enemy and been rewarded with vain promises and arbitrary conduct, appeal to you for redress. Most of them took service on account of Lieutenant Simpson, who is now confined in a dirty, louse-ridden French gaol. They signed on for a cruise of a year, but Captain Jones has without their consent extended their term arbitrarily; when this is known in America it will discourage enlistments. We have had no satisfaction for the prizes we took, and all we can tell our perhaps starving families is that those prizes are in the hands of the man who has deceived us throughout. We pray you to give us satisfaction and send us home.>


Title: Elijah Hall to the American Commissioners, 3 June 1778: résumé
From: Hall, Elijah
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

<The Ranger, June 3, 1778: I request, for the officers and crew, that you find some way to sell the prizes. We are short of necessities, and have distressed families at home. Captain Jones has deceived us: he tricked us into enlisting for longer than we thought and promised us wages that have not been paid. He put Lieutenant Simpson, whose character is of the best, in a common gaol, whereas we beg that he be suitably housed until sent home. The Captain charges his officers with neglecting discipline, whereas a crew was never more willing to fight, as our late action proves. No man of spirit can serve cheerfully under him; if I cannot be where I am of use to my country, I beg to resign. Despite my best efforts to keep peace on board, the men are determined not to sail with the Captain except to America. We have been out for seven months and not two at sea; our time is spent in useless refitting. We have 300 mouths to feed, and M. Bersolle denies us all supplies. Please do something for us.>


Title: John Paul Jones to the American Commissioners, 3 June 1778: résumé
From: Jones, John Paul
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

<Brest, June 3, 1778: I promise never again to draw on you for supplying my men with necessities; you do not think, I hope, that I touched a dollar for my own purposes. On my way from America I took two brigantines. Messrs. Morris and Williams sold one in Nantes, and the captors received their share; Mr. Delap sold the other at Bordeaux, I understand, but has not sent the prize money to Mr. Williams as I instructed. The Lord Chatham is sequestered under guard, and the Drake and a brigantine are at anchor; sale of these prizes is forbidden.
My orders from Congress empower me to issue my warrant to the agent, who should account to you; I can make no accurate estimate of expenses. I wish you had told me that you had changed the agent here; the one at Nantes has sent no one to act for him. Sixteen months ago Congress gave me command of seven times my present force and freedom to use it; if I now cannot support even a single sloop, I wish some one more deserving were in my place and I were in America to defend myself. The steps I have taken have been considered. Please let me know if you have Congressional authorization for sending Lieutenant Simpson to America.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Nicolas Fautrel, 3 June 1778
From: Fautrel, Nicolas
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur,
Au havre Le 3 Juin 1778
Permetté que Je prenne la liberté de Vous Ecrire pour vous faire mon trais humble remersiement sur l’interets que vous avé pris a mon avancement puisseque votre puissante protection auprais de Monseigneur de sartine vient de me faire obtenir de sa majesté Le brevet de lieutenant de frégate ce qui me fait entrer dans La marine Du roy. Permetté monsieur que J’aye L’honneur de vous assurer que je feray touts mes efforts pour me rendre digne de meriter La continuation de votre protection comme celuy ausy de ne charcher que les occassion d’estre hutille a vos heureux Succes de votre Juste causse Et d’en meriter quelque marque distingtive. Je [J’ai] L’honneur avec Le plu profond respecq Monsieur Votre trais humble et trais obeisent serviteur
N. Fautrel

Endorsed: Capt. Fautrel Thanks
Notation: 3 Juin 1778


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ——— de Ponteney with Franklin’s Note for a Reply, 3 June 1778
From: Ponteney, —— de,Franklin, Benjamin
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Besancon 3 juin 1778
An consequance de ce dont nous sommes convenus ansemble le jour que j’ait eu l’honneur de diner avec vous, Monsieur, chez Mr. de la faye, j’ait celuy de vous anvoier la notte et les echantillions des marchandise que mon mari peut fournir vandues sur le port a auxonne pour de la etre transportees par la saône et le Rhône a arles, soit pour etre ambarquees sur la mediterannée, ou par le Canal Royal du Languedoc a Bordeaux ou par terre les faire anvoier par les roullier a Nantes ou tel port de mer que l’on jugeras a propos. Si les article convenoits il pouroit dans l’espace de trois mois fournir la quantité qu’il luy seroit comise, il anveras a Versaille une piece de chaque qualité de marchandise et an fera le voiage s’il etait nesesaire.
Il faut, Monsieur, que vous aiés la bonté de rapeller a votre souvenir le dernier Memoire que Mr. de la faye vous as remis a passy. Vous veres une notte plus ample d’autres objet an armes toille a voille etc. qui ÿ sont detaillées. Si vous pansiés, Monsieur, q’une partie de Légume en pois et aricots pouroit avoir un cours d’aprovisionement mon mari ce chargeroit de les faire desendres jusqu’a Marseilles ainsi que des gros vins du Maconois. Nous attandron l’honneur de votre reponse pour nous conformer a vos aintantions. Suis avec la consideration la plus distinguee Monsieur Votre tres humble et tres obeissante servante
DE PONTENEYa auxonne an Bourgogne
Mr. franckelin a la cour

[In Franklin’s hand:] That having discontinu’d the Purchasing of Goods ourselves for America, we will deliver the Samples to some of our Merchants, and recommend them to their Attentions, as it would give us pleasure to be of any Service to M. or Mme. de Ponteney.

Notation: De Ponteny offering Goods for sale


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Samuel W. Stockton, 3 June 1778
From: Stockton, Samuel W.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir.
Amsterdam June 3d. 1778.
From the enclosed recommendatory lines and from the friendship which I have been often lead to beleive, you have for my brother Mr. Stockton of New Jersey, I have presumed, with the friendly advice of Sir G. Grand, to request your kind attention to this letter, it being out of my power at present to pay my personal respects.
The design of it is to acquaint you: That from embarasments arising from the long interruption of communication with my friends in America, I have been prevented from returning. What have been my uniform sentiments and conduct in this situation the letters enclosed as well as several others from persons of respectability and real attachment to the liberties of A. can best say, tho’ it is not proper on the present occasion to trouble you with more.
That, having very little acquaintance with Mr. W. L. I was lately, by the means of his friend, applied to for my assistance in public business as his secretary. That, desirous and ambitious of being engaged in the service of my country, I wrote to him I would attend him as soon as possible, and I am now thus far on my way to Frankfort.

Sir George Grand, to whom I was recommended has been so friendly as to inform me in confidence of Mr. L’s situation, and that his conduct and manner in public business have not met with your entire approbation, of which till now I have been entirely ignorant. My great attachment to your character which stands so deservedly high in the estimation of my country as well as all Europe, and the friendly acquaintance with which you have honored my brother for many years, induces me to hope you may so far interest yourself in my situation as to beleive, the only motive to my expected employment is a desire of serving my country, at the same time soliciting your advice and protection, if I should find my residence with Mr. L. disagreeable, which, from what I have heard since my engagement with him, I am apprehensive of. If I have taken too great a liberty in troubling you with these lines, interesting only to myself, your kind indulgence to a person who is just setting out in public life, deprived of the advice of his connections, and wishing to act with propriety, will best plead my excuse. I have the honor to be, with the highest respect and esteem, Sir Your most obliged and most obedient Servant.
Saml. W. Stockton.
His Excellency Benjamin Franklin Esqr. &c &c &c

Addressed: His Excellency / Benjamin Franklin Esqr. / &c &c &c
Notation: W. Stockton, Amsterdam June 3 1778.


Title: The American Commissioners to John Bondfield, 4 June 1778: résumé
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Bondfield, John

<Passy, June 4, 1778: We have received your accounts for supplying the Boston; some of the articles are dear, but we trust you to obtain everything as cheaply as possible. Your bills will be paid, and we hope the ship has left by now. You tell us of a plot against her, and we have forwarded the affidavit to the ministry; Capt. Tucker has dealt with the guilty men on board, we trust, and the authorities with the guilty ashore. We seem to have a junto of enemies in the neighborhood.>


Title: The American Commissioners to Vergennes, 4 June 1778: résumé
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de

<Passy, June 4, 1778: We enclose the copy of a letter from Capt. Whipple, which contains all the intelligence he brought.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Amelia Barry, 5[–30] June 1778
From: Barry, Amelia
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Most Dear Sir,
Tunis 5th[–30] June 1778
With unfeigned timidity I once more venture to address you, apprehendsive of your thinking me troublesome and impertinent, after the discouragement I ought to recieve from your silence to 3 of my letters; Yet Gratitude for my revered Doctor’s frequent instances of ever paternal indulgence to me, in the earlier, and happier period of my life, not I assure you the least spark of self-vanity, induces me to attribute his silence to superior and unavoidable calls and engagements, rather than proceeding from his having forgotten, or ceased to love me. In this soothing conviction I resume my pen; and now permit me Sir, to felicitate you on the glorious result of your unwearied endeavours; on that elevated grandeur of the New Empire, which you have been spared to see recognized by the most respectable Powers of Europe; and which you have so largely contributed by your Wisdom, to effect. Call not this I beseech you, Adulation; but believe it the sincere effusions of a heart attached by gratitude and affection to You and your Family; and deeply interested in the Fate (while it appeared in suspence,) of my Country. Those complimentary epithets, which your rank as Embassador entitles you to, I waive, as they would constrain my pen when I write to my revered Friend; and appear a bar to that frankness of stile which you have always condescended to endulge me in: this you will not I am persuaded think a failure in point of respect. You my Dear Sir, cannot be effected by rank and distinction, only as they may enlarge your ability to gratify the benevolent dictates of your heart; nor can I bear the thought of losing my Friend in the (however shining,) character of Embassador of the United-States. When I did myself the honor of waiting upon you in Craven-street to make my adieus, you kindly lamented my intended removal to Barbary, and seemed to disapprove the undertaking. I embraced it (as I then told you,) in hope that the advantageous freights which offered in the Mediterranean, (the War then subsisting between Russia and the Porte) might have enabled Mr. Barry when upon the spot, to profit in some degree of them; but a Peace immediately ensuing upon our arrival here, shut in that hope: Poor Mr. Barry found every thing so dead after the Peace, and that he sunk money instead of gaining any, that he sold his Ship, and entered into business at this Place, and had a prospect of getting a tolerable livelihood in commissions upon purchasing Cargoes of Wheat, Barley &c.; as in former years large quantities were used to be exported; but the rains having failed for 2 years past, those articles have been dearer than in Europe; and have been imported from the Levant and even from Marseilles; and it is thought that it will require several plentiful years to pass before an exportation is again allowed by Government. Thus we are again my Dear Sir, defeated in our moderate views; and Mr. Barry is at the utmost loss what method to take to provide for his Family: we have 5 Children—4 of whom are of the helpless Sex—all amiable. His dejection wounds my heart; often do I entreat him to look forward to happier times, (no other consolation is in my power to give him!) as Providence I flatter myself will not always suffer his endeavours to be unsuccessfull when all his intentions I know are invariably just. All my relyance is now on Doctor Franklin! I will explain myself. In the necessary regulations of a great Commercial Empire whose views must extend to every part of the World, persons will no doubt be placed to assist and protect Trade in all large commercial Cities, as Agents or Consuls; and one word from you Dear Sir, could doubtless obtain such an agency for Mr. Barry: on his ability, diligence and integrity you may implicitly depend; yet indubitable testimonials of all, from the different Consulary offices at this Place, shall be transmitted you upon demand. If not for his sake, who is more worthy, tho’ less known to you than your poor Amelia, yet for hers, and her Father’s condescend I beseech you Sir, to favor my humble sollicitations. When my Father was about undertaking his Map of the Middle Colonies, the Assembly of Philada. judged it so important a service to that part of America, that they voted him £50 towards defraying the expences of engraving the Plate; some of those Gentlemen perhaps may now be of the Congress; they cannot then be unwilling to preserve his only remaining descendant from indigence. We presume not to prescribe to you the Place. Bordeaux Mr. Barry is well acquainted with, having been long in that Trade; With this State he is likewise so; but in what part of the world it may be the most conveniently effected by you Sir, will be most gratefully received by him: only as Europe is more favorable to the education of my Children, and I have passed 8 long years in this Country, my heart inclines (if it may breathe a preference,) to wish once more to re-visit Europe, and be blest with a competence. Yet after all, if you should be inspired by Heaven with a desire to make a kind provision for us, and the above proposal meets not your approbation, something else may occur to you; we rely entirely on your goodness Sir, as to the Thing, and the Manner; only let me entreat the honor of as speedy an answer as possible to this. And may you enable me to speak peace to him who is deservedly dear to me, and to look round my little darling circle with that complacency which I shall feel, at seeing them sheltered from approaching Want!
After praying for the happiness of my revered Godmama, my beloved Mrs. Beache, Govr. Franklin and all who are dear to you, nothing remains for me to wish you my Dear Sir, but length of years. Wisdom and Goodness have ever been your characteristics, of Fame and Honors you are in full possession!
Mr. Barry begs his most respectful compliments to you Sir, and your little God-daughter presents you her devoirs. With the most sincere and respectful attachment, I have the honor to be Most Dear Sir, Your ever obliged and devoted Humble Servant
A. Barry
His Excellency B. Franklin Esqr.Copy

Tunis 30th June [1778]
The above my Dear Paternal Friend, is a copy of a letter I did myself the honor of writing you the 5th. instant. A transcript I like wise sent the 16th. via Leghorn and the occasion of my writing a 3d. is my uncertainty of the others going safe, and a French Frigate being to sail tomorrow for Marseilles with the Consul and his Lady. Since writing the above mentioned letters, Mr. Barry in conversation with the Bey’s Son-in-Law, was informed by him, that some overtures have been made to this Court, by the French Consul in regard to their recognizing the Independance of the United-States, and receiving a Consul from them; which he said would be accorded to: but suppose the usual Preasants will be necessary, which is about £5 or 600 sterl. The English French Sweede, Danes, Dutch, Venetian, and Ragusa’s have Consuls here; with all the other Powers of Europe they are at War.
May I my Dear Sir hope to be forgiven for once more presuming to sollicit the honor of a speedy answer? May that answer be favorable to my wishes most sincerely prays Dear Sir,
Your most faithful and Obedient
A.B.
Be pleased to direct to Mr. David Barry under cover to Lewis Hameken Esq. his Danish Majesty’s Consul Tunis to the care of Monsr. Jean Baptista Fabré Neg[ocian]t Marseille.

Endorsed: A Barry


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Thomas Bond, Jr., 5 June 1778
From: Bond, Thomas Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir,
Bethlehem June 5. 1778
This will be handed you by Doctor Jacob Rieger who goes Via France to Germany to look after a small Patrimony he has there as well as to improve himself in his Profession. He served a regular and faithful Apprenticeship to your old friend my Father, who is very well. I shall be exceedingly obliged by your introducing him to some Medical Gentlemen in France. I have had the Honor of serving in the American Army for two Years in the different Capacities of Surgeon and assistant Director General of the General Hospital. The latter is My present Employment, and I have the Happiness to assure you that we want nothing for our sick or wounded Brethren, but Pocket Instruments, Scalpells, Needles, and Lancetts. I have given Dr. Rieger directions to purchase some and ship them to My Address. I shall be very Much Obliged by your or Mr. Dean’s paying for them and if you have an earlier Opportunity of sending them that you will do it as they are very much wanted; I had the Pleasure of spending a Day with Mr. Bache last Week in Manheim, the family were all well, we are in hourly Expectation of returning to Philadelphia, the British Army are certainly about evacuating it. I have the Honor to be Dear Sir, Your Most Obedient humble Servant
Thos: Bond jr.Ass. Dir. Genl.
[In the margin:] Mrs. Venables and my Mother beg to present their Compliments to you Sir.Dr. Franklin

Addressed: Benjamin Franklin Esqr. / Paris / Dr. Rieger
Endorsed: Tho. Bond, junr.