Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Henry Knox, 18 June 1778
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

                        Sir,
                        Artillery Park [Valley Forge] 18 June 1778

                    In compliance with your Excellency’s request of the last evening I shall consider and briefly give my opinion on the following questions.
                    “Whether any enterprize ought to be undertaken against the Enemy in Philadelphia in their present circumstances”?
                    The principles of operations proper to be adopted by us in our present circumstances being taken up and pretty fully discussed last evening by your Excellency and your General Officers, when it appeared to be the general sentiment that it would be the most criminal degree of madness to hazard a general action at this time with the Enemy, as by it we might lose every advantage which a three years war combined with many fortunate circumstances have given to America; and even supposing us partially successful the advantages would be by no means proportioned, considering our respective forces, to the risque and loss we must be at to obtain such an event. The position being laid down as certain that a general action with the Enemy on the scale of equality, or even some advantage of numbers on our side, would be highly improper, in the present prosperous state of affairs of America, it will be a governing principle in answering the proposed queries.
                    Considering circumstances as they appear to be, that the Enemy have removed all their waggons, heavy baggage, cannon &ca across the Delaware, and also a certain part of their army, yet it is probable, and almost certain, that they have enough remaining behind to defend themselves against any reasonable number which may be brought against them. Suppose the part yet remaining in the city be 4000, it would take a very large part, if not the whole, of our Army to attack them with a prospect of Success, entrenched and fortified as they are; and even then we must presume they have secured the retreat in such a manner from one port to another and one street to another that we could make very little impression on them. But if, in addition to the supposed 4000, they should recross all their army, except enough to take care of their baggage, we should be under a double disadvantage, of storming works and fighting a number equal to our own of veteran troops, and all this to gain possession of a City that one or two days will make our own without the loss of a man. Any enterprize therefore against Philadelphia cannot be accomplished by a small number, and to do it with the whole Army would be dangerous and improper.
                    “Whether this Army should remain in the position it now holds till the final evacuation of the City, or move immediately towards the Delaware”?
                    My opinion is that we remain in our present position untill the final  evacuation of the City, and the movements of the Enemy be ascertained. If we move towards the Delaware before this event takes place we shall expose all our sick to be made prisoners, and perhaps incur the disgrace of being manoeuvered out of the present fortified strong camp.
                    “Whether any detatchment of it shall be sent to reinforce the brigade in the Jersies, to advance towards the Enemy to act as occasion may require and endeavor to take an advantage of their retreat?”
                    I think any considerable detatchment from the Army at this time would be running a very considerable risque without any object proportioned to it.
                    “If the Army remains on its present ground untill the Enemy quit the City, and if they march through the Jersies to Amboy, will it be possible, from the obstructions they may probably receive from the troops already there in conjunction with the Militia, to arrive in time with this Army to give them any material interruption? will it be prudent or not—or rather more eligible to march to the North River in the most direct and convenient manner to secure the important communication between the Eastern and Southern States?”
                    The answer to the first part of this question depends entirely on the intentions of the Enemy. If they mean to march from Cooper’s Ferry to Amboy, by the shortest route and in the most expeditious manner, the Brigade in the Jersies and the Militia will not probably detain them twenty four hours, so that it will be impossible for this Army to arrive in time to give them any annoyance. But if they mean to go through the Jersies leisurely, to depredate and plunder all around, it will be very possible for this Army to arrive in time to restrain their devastations, and perhaps to chastise some of their parties; not to say any thing of their waiting for us in the Jersies with an intention to fight a general battle. Though I confess I cannot see the propriety of such conduct in them, as they might find many ways to bring us to action, less expensive than giving up one of their most brilliant conquests, and even that without the least certainty of effecting such a design. I do not believe it to be their first wish to bring on an action without the chances were much more in their favor than at present. When your Excellency shall be assured of their march and route it would, in my opinion, be very proper to move the whole Army towards the Delaware, where you will be able to determine from circumstances whether to march the Army collectively to the North River, or by Divisions as formerly proposed, or cross the Jersies to watch and restrain the movements of the Enemy.
                    “In case such measures should be adopted as to enable this Army to overtake the Enemy, will it be prudent with the Militia to make an attack—or ought it to be a partial, or general one?”

                    This is answered by the answer to the first query—but it must however be determined by circumstances, which might possibly be such as would justify a partial, if not general attack.
                    “In case of the immediate removal of this Army what precautions will be proper to secure the sick and stores in this State”?
                    I suppose it will be thought proper to have the forts and defences on the River repaired and garrisoned. This, if the Enemy leave this State and New Jersy entirely, will be a sufficient security to the stores if the Magazines remain where they now are. All the convalescents who are able to march should by easy marches follow the Army to the North River, by the upper route through the Jersies. The sick in the hospitals I should think, judging by past experience, ought not to be removed to Philadelphia.
                    These sentiments are submitted with great deference by your Excellency’s most obedient humble servant.

                        H. Knox B.G. Artilly


Title: To George Washington from Henry Laurens, 18 June 1778
From: Laurens, Henry
To: Washington, George

                        Dear sir
                        York Town [Pa.] 18th June 1778.

                    It has not been in my power with any convenience to make an earlier acknowledgement of Your Excellency’s favour of the 11th.
                    There were Letters in the Commissioners Packet only for Congress & particular Members then present in the House, one for Mister E. Rutledge unsealed & several also unsealed were brought as being taken from the Express—the utmost caution is necessary in the present conjuncture of our affairs & therefore had any suspicious directions turned up, such should have passed under the Eye of Congress. The Idea of opening other people’s Letters is exceedingly abhorrent to me, but I think Congress have a power over Letters equal at least to that which necessity obliges them sometimes to exercise over persons; but Governor Johnson is too well hackney’d in the ways of Men to trust his deep schemes within our reach.
                    His private Letter to me, by the bye, is notwithstanding all his good sense, no proof of an infallible judgement, I am sure it is one, of his having mistaken his Man, I take the liberty of transmitting it, together with my intended answer & the Letters from Mister Oswald & Mister Manning under this Cover for Your Excellency’s perusal, there are some traits in Mister Oswald’s which strongly imply a determination on the part of Great Britain but reserved as the ultimatum, to submit to  our Independence, I am much inclined to beleive these Commissioners now are or soon will be vested with powers for that purpose. Mister Oswald is a Gentleman of solid understanding & quick perception, of a very large Independent fortune much exceeding a quarter of a Million Sterling, often consulted by Administration; for the goodness of his heart I refer you to this particular part of his Character, he is no place Man, but much Esteem’d by the first Men of each of the political parties—great reliance may be placed on what he writes or even hints.
                    Yesterday there was an extraordinary Motion on our floor for calling upon Members to lay before Congress such Letters as they had received from the Commissioners or other persons, meaning persons in Great Britain on political subjects I could not forbear offering some objections; it appeared to be a dangerous attempt to stretch the power of Congress, my Letters had been read by many Members & were at the se[r]vice of every Gentleman who should request a perusal, but I could never consent to have my property taken from me by an Order from my fellow Citizens destitute of authority for the purpose—this circumstance & some remarks which followed have induced me to put Govr Johnstone’s Letter & my intended answer into Mister Draytons hands who is collecting materials for displaying the Governor’s good designs & no doubt he will according to his usual tone add pretty severe strictures—among other papers I transmit to Your Excellency Copies of the Commissioners Address to Congress & of their Commission these are to be published by order—If no mistake was made a Copy of the Answer of Congress was sent to Your Excellency yesterday in my public Letter.
                    I pray God to support & direct Your Excellency in this moment of extraordinary tryal & am with the most sincere Esteem & Regard Dear sir Your much obliged & Obedient humble servt

                        Henry Laurens.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Charles Lee, 18 June 1778
From: Lee, Charles
To: Washington, George

                        [18 June 1778]

                    1st As the Enemy are suppos’d already to have transported their stores &cc. over the River—and as Philadelphia is peculiarly circumstancd to secure their rear from any considerable annoyance—an attack upon ’em coud answer no important end altho ever so successfull, but perhaps might furnish a pretext for setting fire to that noble City—I shoud therefore think any attack upon ’em highly imprudent.
                    2’d If any position can be taken nearer the Delaware from whence if occasion requires, this Army may gain one or two days time to transport itself into the Jerseys, and at the same time, if it appears that the Enemy does not intend to march through the Jerseys may equally cover this Country the stores Sick &cc.—it woud be prudent to move but on a mere supposition that it is the Enemys intention to march through that State, it woud be unjustifyable to leave this Country uncover’d by moving from the present Position.
                    3’d As it is far from being certain that it is the Enemy’s intention to march thro’ the Jerseys—detaching a part of this Army wou’d be imprudent, but I see no obje⟨ction⟩ to one division moving one days march towards the Delaware if so great reliance can be placd in those who give intelligence from Philadelphia, that there will be no danger of this detachd division not falling back in time to rejoin this Army if the Enemy repass in force the Delaware.
                    4th and 5th on this question it is difficult to give an opinion—the possibility or impossibility of being in time to give any material interruption to the Enemy in their march to Amboy—depends on the obstructions thrown in their way by the Militia to which We are Strangers—but to risk an action in our present circumstances wou’d be to the  last degree criminal—and marching directly to the North River when We are not ascertaind of their designs woud be extremely imprudent.
                    6th If this Army Moves, the sick and stores ought undoubtedly to be sent to convenient places up the Country.

                        Charles Lee


Title: To George Washington from Allen McLane, 18 June 1778
From: McLane, Allen
To: Washington, George

                    Letter not found: from Allen McLane, 18 June 1778. GW wrote to George Bryan on this date: “A Letter from Capt. McClean dated in Philadelphia, this minute came to hand.”


Title: From George Washington to James Mease, 18 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Mease, James

                        Sir,
                        [Valley Forge] 18 June 1778

                    As you best know the state of your own department, and the extent of the provision which has been already made in it, you can best judge how far it may be adviseable to take measures for converting to the use of the army such articles in your line, as are to be found in the city of Philadelphia. If you think any purchases can be made there to advantage, You will send one of your deputies, without delay, into the city for that purpose. I inclose you a resolution of Congress of the 4th instant for his government; by which you will perceive, that no absolute transfer or sale of goods in possession of the inhabitants can be made, ’till the property of them shall be ascertained by a joint committee of persons appointed by Congress and the state of Pensylvania. The person therefore whom you shall employ in this business can only make conditional contracts, not to be executed ’till the property of the goods contracted for shall be determined in the mode pointed out.
                    He is also to be instructed to take into his possession any public stores belonging to the enemy, which may happen to have been left behind, and which properly falls within the notice of your department.
                    Major General Arnold will have the command in the city—Your deputy will address himself to him for advice directions and assistance in the execution of his duty. Given at Head Quarters this 18th day of June 17⟨78.⟩


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Daniel Morgan, 18 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Morgan, Daniel

                        sir
                        Head Quarters Valley Forge 18 June 1778.

                    I am informed this morning that the enemy’s rear are evacuating the City. You will immediately send down a small party of horse under a good officer, on this side, in order to ascertain the matter, or to gain intelligence. The result of his inquiry you will transmit as soon as possible, and hold yourself in readiness to join this army on the first orders. I am sir your very hble servt

                        [Go: Washington]


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Peter Muhlenberg, 18 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Muhlenberg, Peter

                        Dear Sir
                        Head Quarters Valley Forge 18th June 1778

                    Colo. Harrison communicated yours of this date to me with the temporary arrangement of the 1st 5th and 9th Virginia Regiments. The plan is agreeable to me, And if the same mode can be pursued in General Weedons Brigade I shall be exceedingly glad to have it adopted. Nothing will conduce more to filling the Regiments, than having a number of Officers to receive the draughts as they are made, and forwarding them immediately to Camp. Orders will be made out for Colo. Ballard whenever he calls for them. I am Yr most obt Servt.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Peter Muhlenberg, 18 June 1778
From: Muhlenberg, Peter
To: Washington, George

                        Sir
                        [Valley Forge] June 18th 1778.

                    Agreeable to Your Excellencys requisition I have investigated the Questions propos’d—formed my Opinion, & now beg leave to report.
                    The Strength of the two Armies as Stated by Your Excellency is so nearly equal, & the Situation of the Enemy in & near Philada so advantageous, that we can undertake nothing agt that Post, with the least prospect of Success—If Your Excellency wishes only to know, whether the Enemy really intend to evacuate or what Troops they have left in the City, this might be Ascertaind, by sending a Detachment of light Troops to drive in their Pickett on this side Skulkill, which they must either reinforce or give up, this may be performd without danger to the Army or the Detachment. The Army ought to remain in the present position untill the Evacuation of Philada is ascertaind—because the Army can take no position on this side the Deleware where they can so effectually Cover the Country—Stores & Sick, as in their present position.
                    No Detachments from the Army should be sent to Jersey, untill we are better acquainted with the intentions of the Enemy—If the Enemy should Attempt to pass thr’o the Jersey to New York (which I confess is Contrary to my Opinion) They are so well prepar’d & the Obstructions the Militia will be able to throw in their way so trifling that this Army will not be able to overtake them before they reach the place of their destination should this be the case it would be necessary to March imediately to secure the important post on the North River—But should the Enemy instead of Marching thr’o the Jersey endeavour to establish themselves, and get a permanent footing in that State, it would then  become necessary to risk even a General Action, if a favorable Opportunity offered, as the Destruction of that State would be productive of worse Consequences to the United States than a partial Defeat of their Army. I have the Honor to be Your Excellencys Most Obedt hble Servt

                        P. Muhlenberg.


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Rutherford, 18 June 1778
From: Rutherford, Thomas
To: Washington, George

                        Sir
                        June 18th 1778

                    I had the Honor of your Excellencys Letter of the 26th of march Last Respecting the Quarter master Generals department, and in consequence thereof I have given every assistance that lay in my Power to Facilitate that Business, having advanced 14000 dollars Preveous to the Publick moneys Coming to my hand, which I did not Receeve till the 12th of may Last—indeed this part of the Country has been of Late much Ransackd and Draind of waggons (and Horses, especially) Yet nevertheless I have Sent forward 112 Horses and the waggons &c.—which I hope will answer the servece.
                    Heartily do I Congratulate your Excellency on the Pleasing Prospect of all your Great & Zealous Labours being Crownd with success to the immortal Honor of your Self, and the unspeakable advantage of this Great & Rising Country—may your Excellency Long enjoy every domestick Felicity, with the Loud applause of a Greatful People is the unfeigned wish of Your Excellencys Most Obt & Most Huble Servant

                        Thos Rutherford


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Charles Scott, 18 June 1778
From: Scott, Charles
To: Washington, George

                        Sir,
                        [Valley Forge] June 18th 78

                    I have reconsider’d the several Questions your Excellency propos’d last evening, and am of Opinion that we ought by no means to risque a General Action—I don’t think it would be proper to move this Army, or any part of it, from this strong ground untill the Route of the Enemy is certainly ascertain’d. I have not the most distant Idea of having it in our power to annoy the Enemy on their March to Amboy, if that should be their Route. My Opinion on those three simple Questions has in some measure answer’d the Whole, or rather made it unnecessary to proceed farther; I hope it meets with your Excellency’s Approbation, and am with the greatest respect yr mo. obedt Servt

                        Chs Scott


Title: From George Washington to Major General Steuben, 18 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, baron von

                        Sir.
                        Head Quarters [Valley Forge] 18th June 1778.

                    In answer to the letter which you delivered me yesterday, on the subject of your department. I have to assure you that it is my most earnest wish to conciliate the rights of the Inspectors with those of the officers commanding Corps—and that the public good may be advanced by a perfect harmony between them—with this view the plan proposed in General orders the 15th inst., was made—and it was hoped that the line there drawn between the duties of the inspectors and officers, by preventing an interference of authorities, would have effectually answered this end—As it will require a few days for the officers to become acquainted with the instructions hitherto given—and you think your presence is not necessary ’till your new plan is in a train of execution—I have not the least objection to your going to York—and am persuaded that after having seen the difficulties which opposed the establishment of the inspectorship according to your first ideas, you will from a desire to promote the service lay before Congress such a Plan as will be most likely to obviate those causes of disagreement—and comprehend all the essential duties of your office.
                    I am perfectly satisfied with the conduct of the officers who have acted as your assistants—and think that the army has derived every advantage from the institution under you, that could be expected in so short a time.
                    With respect to your plan of uniting the offices of Brigade Major and Brigade Inspector, I am of opinion with you that many advantages would result from it—The taking the brigade Majors from the Line of Majors would be contrary to our present arrangement of the army—and therefore can only be effected by the authority of Congress. I am with great regard and esteem Sir Your most obedt Servt

                        Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Steuben, 18 June 1778
From: Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, baron von
To: Washington, George

                        [Valley Forge, 18 June 1778]

                    My opinion on the different propositions offered for consideration in council yesterday—is as follows.
                    The Intelligence we have hitherto received of the enemys movements, does not sufficiently assure us of his designs, to warrant an enterprise  upon Philadelphia—and I believe it would be prudent not to abandon our position without being certain of the evacuation of the city—It would be still more hazardous to march in different columns toward the North River, while the enemys intentions are doubtful.
                    But, I think it will be necessary to detach without loss of time a Corps of 2000 chosen men 6 Pieces of Cannon, & as much Cavalry as can be had—let this Corps approach the Delaware so as to be able to pass that river with promptness when the Enemy crosses into Jersey—And at the same time maintain its proximity with this Army which will keep its ground, until the enemys design is clearly known if he directs his march through Jersey, this Corps will serve as an advanced guard—and the whole of our army without separation or detachment, to cross the Delaware and follow the enemy, keeping their left flank as much as possible—and carefully avoiding a general action—The March of the advanced Guard to be directed towards Middle brook—a Position which as far as I can judge from the map—will enable us to preserve a communication with the Northern Army—and if not to disappoint the Enterprises of the Enemy at least to render them difficult.
                    I would begin this very day to send all our sick as far in the rear as possible—(they are at all events an incumbrance to us—) and have the Army in readiness for marching at the shortest notice.
                    The removing the Theatre of War into Jersey, seems to me very desirable—as we depend on the assistance of a good Militia—and for this very reason, those good Citizens have a title to our Succours.


Title: From George Washington to Jeremiah Wadsworth, 18 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Wadsworth, Jeremiah

                        Sir.
                        Head Quarters [Valley Forge] 18th June 1778.

                    You are immediately to appoint an active person in your department, for the purpose of collecting and taking possession of any provisions which the enemy may have left behind them in Philadelphia—as well as for making any other necessary arrangements there relative to your department—particular orders for which he will receive from Major General Arnold, who will command in the city. I am Sir your most obedt Servt

                        Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 18 June 1778
From: Wayne, Anthony
To: Washington, George

                        Sir
                        Mount Joy [Pa.] 18th June 1778

                    I have Maturely Considered the Matters which your Excellency was pleased to lay before the Council of General Officers last Evening—and am Clearly of Opinion that any Attempt on the City of Phila. with your present force whilst Defended by the Number of Troops that may be brought to act against you, will be Ineligible.
                    but it is my wish & Opinion that you cause the sick in camp & it’s Vicinity to be Immediately Removed further into the Country, and that  the whole of the Army be put in Motion the soonest possible & to gain some of the ferries on the Delaware above Trent Town, so as to be Ready to act Occationally as soon as the Enemies Rout shall be Ascertained—if the North River should be found to be their Object—I am for passing the Delaware Immediately devesting the Army of every Article of Incumberance, and then with the aid of the Jersey Militia take the first favourable Oppertunity to strike the Enemy with Advantage—but in Order to Complete your Victory—or facilitate your Retreat (in case the latter should be found Necessary[)]—I would wish that General Maxwel with his Brigade & a body of the Militia may gain their Rear, when he will be governed by your Motions—i.e. when the Attack is made by you—it shall be the Signal for his onset—which ought to be Rather a faint than Otherwise, should your Attack Succeed it may be productive of the most happy Consequences—but if Unfortunate the Enemy dare not follow any great Distance, Otherwise their Baggage and Provision will be Endangered by the troops in their Rear.
                    I am the more anxious to take this Oppertunity of Striking them (in case they should take that Rout) as I am Confident that the minds of the Soldiers of either Army will be much Influenced by our Movements—on the part of the Enemy it will have the Appearance and Effect of a Retreat, on our’s that of a Pursuit—we may Inculcate the Idea of Burgoyning Clinton—he will Apprehend it—and you will more than probable Effect it.
                    I can only Assure you this—that I will Endeavour to do my Duty in such post as may be Assigned me on the Occation—& that I am with truth your Excellencies most Obt and very Huml. Sert

                        Anty Wayne B.G.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Woodford, 18 June 1778
From: Woodford, William
To: Washington, George

                        Dear Genl
                        [Valley Forge] June 18 1778

                    Agreeable to your Excellencys request I have answerd the several questions submitted to the consideration of the Council last Evening.
                    I am not for risqueing any enterprize against Philadelphia, & would recommend that the Army remain in its present position ’till your Excellency is well assured of the evacuation of the City, & the Rout the Enemy have taken.
                    I think our present Strength will afford one Brigade more to be sent  to the Jerseys, without exposeing us to any Danger, or at least that it might move to the Deleware, to be ready to cross; this I think would give confidence to the Militia of that State.
                    If we remain in our present position till the Enemy leave the City, & their March is directed towards amboy, it will be useless for this Army to attempt to follow them. If such measures should be taken as will enable us to follow them, I am against risquing a Genl Attack, & to make a partial ⟨one,⟩ must depend upon the Situation of the two armys, & circumstances that may happen hereafter.
                    Should it be found expedient to move from this Camp, I would have the Sick carried back in the most commodious Situations in the Neighbourhood of Bethlehem ⟨and⟩ Easttown, or somewhere nigh the Delew⟨are⟩ the Stores to be moved the same Course to begin a removal of our Sick in the Hutts, previous to any resolution being taken for the March of this Army, I should think a necessary measure for several reasons. I am with much respect, Your Excellencys Most Obedt humble Serv⟨ant⟩

                        Wm Woodford


Title: General Orders, 19 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

                        Head-Quarters Doctor Shennons [Pa.]Friday June 19th [17]78.
                        ParoleC. Signs

                    The Commanding Officers of Corps are to pay the greatest attention to keeping their men within their Encampment and prevent stragling, that they may be in constant readiness for moving at the shortest notice—They are likewise to forbid under the severest Penalties, marauding and the Destruction of the Inclosures, Fruit-Trees or other Property of the Inhabitants. The General will beat tomorrow morning at 3 ôClock, the troop in half an hour afterwards and the whole line is to march precisely at four.
                    If through mistake any part of the baggage should not have marched in the order of the Brigades, the Waggon-Master General is to have the matter rectified so that the whole may move tomorrow in proper order.
                    If any of the Troops have marched without the proper quantity of cooked Provisions they are to cook enough this afternoon to serve them tomorrow and the next day provided their rations are of salt meat. The old and new Guards will parade in the road opposite Mr Shennon’s precisely at half past three ôClock in the morning.

                    After Orders.
                    In future the Camp-Kettles are always to be carried by the Messes—each soldier of the Mess taking it in his turn, and no man is on any Account to presume to put the Camp Kettle belonging to the Mess in a Waggon—No soldier is to put his Musquet in a Waggon unless on Account of his Inability to carry it, in which Case he is to obtain leave from a Field-Officer of the day, Commanding Officer of the Regiment or from the Officer of the Baggage guard who shall make themselves judges of the circumstances.
                    The Officers of the day are authoriz’d to punish on the spot such as transgress the foregoing Orders.
                    The indulgence of suffering Women to ride in Waggons having degenerated into a great abuse, and complaint having been made by the Officers of the day that the Plea of leave from Officers is constantly urged when the Waggon Masters order such Women down.
                    It is expressly ordered that no Officer grant such leave for the future but the Commanding Officers of a Brigade or the Field Officers of the day who are to grant it only on account of Inability to march, and in writing.
                    The General is far from supposing that any Officer will act in opposition to a positive order, but he is determined in Case a Violation should happen that it shall not pass unnoticed.
                    The Officers of the day are to report the names of those who are guilty of a breach thereof.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Benedict Arnold, 19 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Arnold, Benedict

                        Sir
                        [Head Quarters, 19 June 1778]

                    You are immediately to proceed to Philadelphia and take the command of the troops there. The principal objects of your command you will send specified in the inclosed resolve of Congress of the 4th instant; which you will carefully execute. You will take every prudent step in your power, to preserve tranquillity and order in the city, and give security to individuals of every class and description; restraining as far as possible, ’till the restoration of civil government every species of persecution, insult, or abuse, either from the soldiery to the inhabitants, or among each other. I leave it to your own discretion, to adopt such measures, as shall appear to you most effectual and, at the same time, least offensive, for answering the views of Congress, to prevent the removal transfer, or sale of any goods, wares, or merchandise, in possession of the inhabitants of the city, ’till the property of them can be ascertained in the mode directed.
                    The Quarter Master General will send one of his assistants into the city, who will take your directions and give you all the aid in his power—He is to search out any public stores belonging to the enemy and convert them to the use of the army. Given under my Hand at Head Quarters this 19th Day of June 1778.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Woodford, 19 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Woodford, William

                        Dr Sir
                        Norrington [Pa.] June 19: 1778

                    I request you to inform me by the return of the Bearer how far you have proceeded on your march and of the precise place of your encampment to night. I am told by some accident, you have not pursued the Same Route which General Lee has. I have advanced myself with  the remainder of the Army to Norrington, about Eight or Nine miles, and shall proceed precisely at four to morrow morning. My latest intelligence from Jersey was from Genls Dickinson & Maxwell who advised me that the Enemy moved from Haddonfield yesterday towards Evesham. I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt servant

                        Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 20 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

                        Head-Quarters Buckingham [Pa.] Saturday June 20th 1778.
                        ParoleC. Signs

                    Each Regiment is to furnish a Subaltern, each Brigade a Captain, and the line a Field-Officer who are during the march to mount with the morning Guards and under the direction of the Brigadier of the day collect all Straglers and march them to the Army.
                    They are moreover to see that nothing which can or ought to be brought away is left on the ground, or properly secured there; That this business may be conducted with more ease, a Subaltern and twelve Dragoons are to assist. The Commanding Officer of the Cavalry will give orders for having them furnished in Rotation.
                    If the morning should not be very wet, the General Troop and March will be as this morning.
                    If the Commissaries are provided, the men are to have each a Gill of spirits served to them this afternoon.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Benedict Arnold, 20 June 1778
From: Arnold, Benedict
To: Washington, George

                        Dear General,
                        Philadelphia 20th June 1778

                    I arrived here at 11 oClock yesterday Morning, The Rear of the Enemy quited Coopers Ferry last Evening.
                    Inclosed is the latest and only Intelligence which can be depended on, which I am favor’d with by Mr Budinot. I have order’d a Boat down the River and Horsemen to discover the Enemys Ships and watch their Motions, no Exertions shall be wanting to gain Intelligence, which shall be forwarded to your Excellency as early as possible.
                    If no orders are given to Coll Morgans Corps at Radnor, your Excellency may think proper to order them over Coopers Ferry to fall in the Rear of the Enemy. I have the Honor to be, with great Respect & Esteem Dr General Your most obt Humble Servant

                        B. Arnold

                        Philada June 20th 1778 Moutton Mortimer from Chirstian Ferry Willmington, the last of the Enemies Ships Passed Willmington at 3 OC[l]ock yesterday afternoon this morning two Ships were lying Near ready Island, None, above.
                        B. Arnold


Title: To George Washington from Elias Boudinot, 20 June 1778
From: Boudinot, Elias
To: Washington, George

                        Dear General
                        Philadelphia June 20 1778 11 oClock

                    I omitted writing yesterday, supposing that your Excellency would have had constant Intelligence from the Gentlemen of the Army, and not being able to send any thing very material, knew it would be but troublesome.
                    Finding this Morning that I was mistaken in the first, I push the Bearer forward with the enclosed Acct of facts which you may depend upon, as they come from a Person of Credit, who left the Army this Morning and was in Company with Genll Grant.
                    Shall send off the rest of the Horsemen as fast as I can get any Intelligence, altho’ I propose leaving this myself to morrow or next Day.
                    If your Excellency should have any Commands for me, shall esteem it an honor to comply with them as far as is in my Power—I expect to be in German Town to morrow. Am your Excellency’s Most Obedt Humble Servt

                        Elias Boudinot

                        P.S. I have sent a deputy down the River with a flag to know whether our Prisoners are relanded or not.


Title: From George Washington to General Henry Clinton, 20 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, Henry

                        Sir
                        Head Quarters 20th June 1778

                    I do myself the honor of transmitting you the inclosed letters from General Philips, which came under cover to my care.
                    I must also take the liberty to commit to your care, the letter addressed to the Right Honourable the Earl of Carlisle &ca with two others for Governor Johnstone and Mr Eden, and to request that they may be conveyed to them by the earliest opportunity.
                    Your letter, covering one for General Philips, was duly received. I shall forward it agreeable to your request. I have the Honor to be Sir Your most obt Servt

                        Go: Washington

                        P.S. I transmit a note, for a Sum of Money, from a Mr Gwin to a Mr Boyce of your Army, of a mere private Nature, which has lately fallen into my hands.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Philemon Dickinson, 20 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Dickinson, Philemon

                        Dr Sir
                        June 20: 1778

                    I was yesterday morning favoured your Letter of the 18th & this morning with that of the 19th. I thank you much for your Intelligence and I shall take the liberty to ⟨r⟩equest your very frequent advices of the ⟨m⟩ovements and Routs of the Enemy. My conduct will be governed intirely by circumstances and therefore I shall wish the ⟨e⟩arliest information  of their proceedings. There can scarcely be any thing that will not be material for me to know. I expect Six Brigades will be at Coryels to night, and I myself am now in full march ⟨w⟩ith the Main body of the Army and ⟨as⟩ far advanced as Bartholemews ⟨Ta⟩vern. I am happy to hear that the people are in such spirits and that you are likely to be tolerably respectable in point of force. Colo. White will remain with you till further orders, of which Colo. Moylan will be advised. I am Dr Sir with great regard & esteem Yr Most Obedt st

                        G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Philemon Dickinson, 20 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Dickinson, Philemon

                        Dr Sir
                        June 20 1778. 2 OCl. P.M.

                    I am now advanced within Ten miles of Coryels and in a little time, the main body of the Army will be within the same distance, when they will halt to refresh and for the night. I wish you to inform me with accuracy, as soon as possible of the Enemy’s situation & of your own; also of the number of Militia already collected, and what further prospects of augmentation you expect from them. These points will at once appear material, when you consider they are to influence and, in a manner, to direct my measures. I am &c.

                        G.W.

                        P.S. I have received no intelligence from philadelpa respecting the Enemy or of their Fleet.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philemon Dickinson, 20 June 1778
From: Dickinson, Philemon
To: Washington, George

                        Dear Sir
                        Black Horse [N.J.]20th June 1778 7,OClock P.M.

                    I am this moment returned from the lines, the main body of the Enemy lay at Mountholly, their Picket is advanced about one Mile on this side, I was within three hundred yards of it—but could get no intelligence from the Inhabitants, as all those who remain at home, are disaffected—General Clinton is at Holly—their Waggons extend above two Miles—they march now in one Column—were delay’d many hours yesterday, repairing the Bridge we had destroy’d—their Obstructions will now be much greater, as our Militia come in fast—there will be  much skirmishing to’morrow, if they advance, as the Parties on the lines, will be strong—axes are prepared, & I think their march will be greatly retarded—they seem by no means in a hurry—& are determined to give your Excellency an oppoty to bring on your whole force—A Hessian Doctor just came in, he married a Girl in Philada which is the reason of his desertion—he say’s, they intend thro’ Princeton—there does not now remain a doubt, of their Intentions of passing thro’ this State—Tis reported, that a large body are on the Moores Town road, I have sent a Party, to make enquiry—A man who came from Gloucester, say’s, the whole Fleet, are as low down as New Castle—Col: White thinks, he could employ thirty or forty Lt Dragoons, to great advantage—those Horse we have, are much harrassed—If they continue their march, as they have begun, they will remain five or six Days longer in Jersey—a report prevails, that many ⟨hundd⟩ Indians are arrived at Morris Town, on their way, to join your Excellency—A Gentleman from Brunswick says, the Enemy on Staten Island, are reinforced to three or four thousand Men—this has been a very wet Day, which might delay the Enemy’s march—expect they will be in motion, in the Morning.
                    General Maxwell continues at the Black Horse. I have the honor to be, Your Excellency’s Most Ob. St

                        Philemon Dickenson

                        P.S. I wrote your Excellency yesterday by Express.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philemon Dickinson, 20 June 1778
From: Dickinson, Philemon
To: Washington, George

                        Dear Sir
                        [Bordentown, N.J., 20 June 1778]

                    Since writing your Excellency a few minutes ago, I received the inclosed from G. Maxwell.
                    A Hessian Deserter this moment came in, an intelligent fellow, he say’s, the reason of their marching so slow, is the weight of their Baggage—I suppose plunder—hundreds of the Hessians, were knocked up with the heat of Yesterday. I have the honor to be Your Excellencys most Obt

                        Philemon Dickinson

                        Saturd⟨ay⟩ Eveng ⟨mutilated⟩ deserter say’s, their whole army, marches in one column—the Tories carried in 40 oxen, & many Sheep to the Enemy this morng.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 20 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

                        Sir.
                        June 20th 1778 4 O’clock P.M.

                    I think it necessary to inform you by the return of the express who brought your packet for Congress, that I am now with the main body of the army within ten miles of Coryells ferry. General Lee is advanced with six brigades, and will cross to-night, or early to-morrow morning—By the last intelligence the enemy were near Mount-Holly, and moving on very slowly—but as there are so many roads open to them, their route could not be ascertained. I shall enter the Jersey to-morrow, and give you the earliest notice of their movements, or whatever may affect you.
                    I would just observe, again, that as forage and provisions will be objects of the utmost importance, they will therefore claim your attention. I am Sir, Your very hble servt

                        Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 20 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

                        Sir
                        June 20th 1778. 4 OClock P.M.

                    I have the Honor to inform you, that I am now advanced with the main body of the Army within Ten miles of Coryels ferry, and shall halt to refresh the Troops and for the night, as the Weather is very rainy. Genl Lee with the six Brigades mentioned in my former Letter, will reach the Ferry this Evening. My last accounts from Jersey were from Genl Dickinson, dated Yesterday at 3 OClock P.M. These say, the Enemy  had then advanced to Eyres Town, three miles below Mount Holly, and were busily engaged in repairing the Bridge which had been destroyed. Genl Dickinson adds, that there had been a brisk firing for some minutes between the Enemy and Maxwell’s Brigade or a part of it in their advance; in which the former, according to the report of a Deserter, had several killed. He further says, the Militia had been alarmed of their approach—were in good spirits, and that he expected to day to be tolerably strong. I have this minute written him by Express, requesting him to acquaint me with their & his own situation—what number of Men he has already collected, and what further augmentations he expects to receive. I have the Honor to be with great esteem & respect Sr yr Most Obedt sert

                        Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Henry Laurens, 20 June 1778
From: Laurens, Henry
To: Washington, George

                        Sir.
                        York Town [Pa.] 20th June 1778

                    Yesterday I had the honor of presenting to Congress Your Excellency’s favors of the 18th Inst. A.M. & P.M.
                    At present I have only in charge to transmit the Report of the Committee appointed to examine the evidence collected & to state charges against the General Officers at Tyconderoga &c., which Your Excellency will be pleased to receive inclosed with this.
                    And I take the liberty of adding twenty Copies of this days Gazette containing the British Commissioners Address to Congress &c. &c. I have the honor to be With the most respectful attachment Sir Your Excellency’s Obedient humble servt

                        Henry Laurens,President of Congress.

                        Major Campbel’s new Commission is “a Brevet Lt Colonel, this Rank to have effect only in the Western department not to affect any Officer in the Virginia line nor to entitle him to any other pay than that of Major the Rank he held previous to this appointment to rank from 20th ffebruary 1778.”
                        The bundle of Papers relative to an enquiry came to hand yesterday with Your Excellency’s 2d Letter.


Title: To George Washington from John Augustine Washington, 20 June 1778
From: Washington, John Augustine
To: Washington, George

                    Letter not found: from John Augustine Washington, 20 June 1778. On 4 July, GW wrote to John Augustine Washington: “Your Letter of the 20th Ulto came to my hands last Night.”


Title: From George Washington to Major General Benedict Arnold, 21 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Arnold, Benedict

                        Dr Sir
                        June 21: 1778. 10 Miles from Coryels [N.J.]

                    This will be delivered you by Major Wemp who has the conduct & care of some Warriors from the Seneca Nation—who are also accompanied by a few of our Oneida & Tuscarora Friends. The inclosed Extract of a Letter from our Indian Commissioners at Albany, will inform  you of the Senecas’s business in this Quarter. I cannot give them the smallest account of Astiarix of whom they are in pursuit, nor did I ever hear of his captivity till I was advised of it a few days ago by Genl Schuyler. They have been treated with civility, but at the same time I told them of their Hostilities, and that as soon as the British Army were gone, If they did not immediately cease them, I would turn our whole force against them & the other Indian Nations who have taken a like blody part against us and cut them to pieces. They have also had a view of the main body of the Army and been told of our great resources of Men, and number of Troops elsewhere. I hope This circumstance with the evacuation of philadelphia and their own evidence of it, added to our civilities & some presents, will have a happy effect upon the temper and disposition of their Nation when they return. I wish you to order them such Trinkets &c. as you may judge necessary, keeping up however a distinction between them & the Oneid⟨as, &⟩ Tuscarora’s who are our Friends. I would have the favors & presents to these greatly to exceed. Majr Wemp has dispatches from the Sachems for all the Warriors & Men, here before, to return Home immediately. Such as remain, I beleive are with Monsr Tussard; I shall be glad that you will have them collected and have them well presented, after which they may return to their nation in obedience to their Sachems orders if they incline. I have given the Senecas a Letter to Congress respecting Astiarix’s releasement if he can be found.
                    I received your favor yesterday. If Morgan’s corps could have been on the rear of the Enemy they might have harrassed them, but not without considerable risk. They are now advancing as the whole Army is to the Delaware. We have been much impeded by the rain. The Troops with Genl Lee crossed the River last night. I am in haste Dr Sir with great regard & esteem Yr Most Obedt Se[rvan]t

                        Go: Washington

                        you will be pleased to give the necessary orders for their being supplied with provision while in Philaa & on their way to Congress.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Benedict Arnold, 21 June 1778
From: Arnold, Benedict
To: Washington, George

                        Dear General
                        Philada June 21. 1778,

                    3 oClock Sunday morning
                    The Inclosed Letter this Minute came to hand, and contains every Intelligence, I have received respecting the Enemies Army, Thier Fleet were all below Ready Island except two Ships who lay opposite to it at seven o Clock yesterday morning, which is the last Advice I have received from them.
                    Seventy Odd Deserters from the Enemy had Arived here last Night, I hope this day will greatly augment the Number. I am very respectfully Dear Genl Your Excellencys Most Obedt Servt

                        B. Arnold


Title: From George Washington to Major General Benedict Arnold, 21 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Arnold, Benedict

                        Dr Sir
                        June the 21st 1778.  OClock P.M.

                    I have been favoured with your’s of this date.
                    I arrived myself about three oClock to day on the East side of the Delaware and the main body of the Army on the other, from whence they will cross to morrow. This afternoon has been employed in passing the Artillery and such Baggage as could be got over.
                    The Enemy from the last intelligence were at Mount Holly and at Mores Town, their precise rout not yet ascertained. We intend, as soon as things are in a train to move towards them and to avail ourselves of any favourable circumstances that may offer. If a body of militia, even tho inconsiderable, could be got to advance towards their Rear, under the command of a spirited, sensible Officer, it is thought many advantages might be derived from it. The number tho small, would not be without great use. perhaps you might prevail on a good many to cross from Philadelphia and from it’s environs. If you can it might be a happy circumstance if they could be commanded by Genl Cadwalader. He is a good Officer, in whom great confidence will be reposed. You can readily discover whether any thing essential can be done in this way; if it can it must be with expedition. I am Dr sir &c.

                        Go: Washington

                        ⟨P.⟩S. I would wish you to ⟨sh⟩ew this to Genl Cadwalader.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philemon Dickinson, 21 June 1778
From: Dickinson, Philemon
To: Washington, George

                        Dear Sir
                        Bordentown [N.J.] 21st June 1778

                    I came to this Place last Night, to give some particular Directions—an Express just came in, from the Party stationed near Ancocus Creek; the captain informs me, that a very large Body of the Enemy now lay at Moores Town (nine miles distance from Holly) that he crossed over the Delaware, yesterday & the Day before, three hundred Hessian Deserters—That a much greater Number would have deserted, but could not readily make their escape, as we had destroy’d the Bridges, on the Enemy’s approach—Two British deserters came in this Morning from Holly—they say, the main body is there—& that Genl Clinton, Lord Cornwallis & Sir Wm Erskine, were at Holly, when they left it—the Enemy very strong in Horse—Col: White, with what Horse I can collect, lay on the lines—no Movement this Morning—I am going down—upon our Appearance yesterday, they order’d out two regiments on their right, to surround us, with a party of Horse—but they were discover’d  by the Videts—& we came off—a British Grenadier who left Holly at 2, oClock, confirms the above account—many Hessian deserters this morning.
                    The Deserters all say, they expect very little Opposition, on their march thro’ Jersey—would it not be proper, for Genl Gates to shew himself towards Kingsbridge—if it were possible, for a large body of the Pennsylvania Militia to cross the Delaware, & fall in the rear of the Enemy, it would answer a very good purpose. we ought upon the present occasion, to call out every Man that can carry a Musket—When the Enemy advance as far as the Black-horse, we shall be able to form some judgment of their intended route—Morgan’s Rangers on the line with our Militia, would give them great Spirits—I suppose your Excellency will march the army towards Princeton, as it will be least fatiguing to ⟨the⟩ Troops, & you will be in a situation, to ⟨mutilated⟩ of the most Advantagious Ground—when their ⟨mutilated⟩ can be ascertained—A Man from Philada who left it last Night, say’s, near three hundred British deserters came into the City yesterday. I have the honor to be, Your Excellency’s most Obt

                        Philemon Dickinson


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philemon Dickinson, 21 June 1778
From: Dickinson, Philemon
To: Washington, George

                        Dear Sir
                        Bordentown [N.J.] 21st June 1778,9, OClock P.M.

                    I am just returned from General Maxwells Quarters—have sent down three Detachments of Militia, upon different roads, to throw every possible obstruction in the Enemy’s way, & to skirmish with them, when they advance—no movement to Day, except bringing up their rear, which I believe, was the cause of so long a halt, at Holly—The Continental Troops are all drawn from the lines, except one company, this was done by my request, that they may be in readiness, to join your Excellency, whenever you think proper to order them—I expect, the Enemy will move very early in the Morning—two British Prisoners, were taken this Morning—several Deserters came in this day—Our Militia, amounts this Evening, to one thousand Privates—I am informed, many are on the roads—but too many, detained about Elizabeth Town—what Numbers, are on the right flank, & rear, cannot determine, but believe them small—have reason to expect their strength in the rear, will increase greatly—Gl Maxwell, gave me the inclosed letters. I have the honor to be, Your Excellency’s most Obt

                        Philemon Dickinson


Title: From George Washington to Major General Philemon Dickinson, 21 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Dickinson, Philemon

                        Dear Sir.
                        Head Quarters in Jersey—near Coryels ferry 21st June 1778.

                    I have received your favor of this days date, and thank you for the intelligence contained in it—Rain, prevented our marching so early this morning as I intended, the succeding heat and badness of Roads rendered it impossible for the Army to advance any farther than the other side of the ferry—I have crossed myself, and have ordered the Artillery and spare baggage to be ferried over this afternoon—the number of boats and state of readiness in which every thing is for the purpose, will render the passage of the troops very expeditious.
                    As my future movements must depend so much upon those of the enemy, a continuance of early and accurate intelligence relative to them will be of the greatest importance to Dear Sir Your most obedt Servt.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Philemon Dickinson, 21 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Dickinson, Philemon

                        Dear sir
                        21st June 1778 6’ O’clock A.M.

                    I just now received your letter dated 10’ oclock yesterday night for which I thank you—The one you sent off a few hours before is not yet come to hand. This morning the main army would have been in motion by four o’clock had it not been for the rain. however as there is a prospect of the bad weather giving way, we shall be under march in a few hours. I am sir &c.


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 21 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

                        Sir
                        June the 21st [1778] 10 Miles from Coryels [N.J.]

                    This will be delivered you by Major Wemp, who has the care of some Warriors from the Senecca Nation. The inclosed copy of a Letter from our Commissioners will shew, that they are come to obtain the release of Astiarix, Another Warrior, who was taken on the Frontiers of Virginia. I never heard of the circumstance, till I was informed of it a few days ago by a Letter from General Schuyler. As the Commissioners have consented to his exchange and advised it, I have assured ’em it was agreable to me, and I must take the liberty to request that Congress will order it to be accomplished, as soon as possible. I have treated them with civility, but declared at the same time in answer to their speeches both in Council & as Warriors, if they do not immediately cease Hostilities & become our friends or at least neutral, that the moment we are clear of the British Army, I will turn our whole force against them and the other Nations, at War with us, and cut them off to a man. they saw the main body of our Army to day, which circumstance, added to the evacuation of philadelphia and the presents, I  wrote Genl Arnold to make them, with other instances of kindness, I trust, will have a happy influence on the actions and dispositions of their nation, when they return. They are also attended by a few of our Oneida and Tuscarora friends, who were thought necessary to proceed with the truce. They had dispatches from their sachems for the immediate return of such of their Men and Warriors as were here, on account of their apprehensions of Hostilities by the Seneccas &c. I consented to the measure and directed that they should be furnished with ample and suitable presents, if they could be obtained, previous to their departure. The Army is in march which will not permit me to add further than that I have the Honor to be with great respect & esteem sr Yr Most Obedt servt

                        Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Benedict Arnold, 22 June 1778
From: Arnold, Benedict
To: Washington, George

                        Dear General
                        Philada June 22d 1778, Monday 10 oClock P.M.

                    Your Excellency’s favour of the 21st respecting the Militia, I received at 3 oClock this evening, and immediately, had as many Inhabitants collected at the Coffe House as I could Notify, Fifty Volunteers have engaged to go with General Cadwalader, who this minute Informs me He expects to collect a considerable Number more in the morning, in the City; I cannot flatter myself with procuring many in the Vicinity, these are unarmed, search is makeing for all the Arms in the City—I have Ventured to Order Colonel Jackson to March at three oClock to’morrow morning with the Troops under his Command, these with the Volunteers & four hundred Men now in the Enemies rear, will make a formidable Body, Their places are supplied by Colonel Proctors Regiment who will do Garrison duty.
                    Untill a sufficient Number of Convallescents can arive from, Valley Forge for which purpose I intend giveing an Order which I trust will meet Your Excellencys Approbation—One hundred and Odd Deserters from the Enemy have arived in Town this day, the whole Number is little short of three hundred, & great Numbers I am informed are scatter’d thro the Jersies.
                    Your Excellencys favr of yesterday By the Indians, was delivered me this Evening, particular Attention shall be paid to the Contents. I am with the greatest Respect and Esteem Your Excellencys Most Obedt Hble Servt

                        B. Arnold


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philemon Dickinson, 22 June 1778
From: Dickinson, Philemon
To: Washington, George

                        Dear Sir
                        Bordentown [N.J.] 22d June 1778

                    At one oClock this morning, I received information, that the Enemy were endeavouring to surround us, with a strong detachment which marched last Evening from Holly, the Informant said, they intended to take possession, of Crosswicks, & the Drawbridge, whilst their main body moved on, in our rear—I thought our situation very precarious, therefore am now preparing to cross, the Creek (Crosswicks) having called in all the scouting Parties.
                    Genl Maxwell with his Brigade, & part of the Militia, will take post, at Crosswicks bridge—myself near the Drawbridge, where I shall throw up two small works, as the Ground is very advantageous, & will cost them some trouble.
                    Several Expresses arrived here within a few minutes, all of whom agree, that the Enemy are advancing towards the Black-horse, their advanced Guard, is one mile on this side Slab Town—the body which lay at Moores Town, joined those at Mount Holly, yesterday afternoon at 2, OClock, they are all now collected—& I believe their march will be more rapid—I shall write your Excellency this Evening again—one of the Videts, thinks they are taking the Job’s Town road—this matter will very soon, be ascertaind—but think it proper, not to detain the Express—as they are actually on their march. I have the honor to be, Your Excellency’s Most Obt

                        Philemon Dickinson


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philemon Dickinson, 22 June 1778
From: Dickinson, Philemon
To: Washington, George

                        Dear Sir
                        Drawbridge [near Bordentown, N.J.]22 June 1778. 11 OClock

                    The Enemy are advancing very fast upon the Bordentown road—they are so superior in Horse, that they push our few, where ever they see them—from every present Appearance, they will pass by Trenton, they will meet great opposition at this Bridge, as I am determined to defend it, as long as tis possible. I have the honor to be, Your Excellency’s Most Obt

                        Philemon Dickinson


Title: From George Washington to Major General Philemon Dickinson, 22 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Dickinson, Philemon

                        Dear Sir,
                        Head Quarters near Coryel’s [N.J.]June 22d 1778

                    Since my last, I have received three letters from you, with their inclosures, one of yesterday 9 OClock, two of to day, one 11 OClock the other the hour not mentioned. You will continue to advise me punctually of the enemy’s motions. The whole army is now across the River incamped about three miles from it. Tomorrow morning very early, we march towards Princeton. I am Dr Sr Yr Obed. ser.

                        G.W.

                        P.S. You will be pleased always to mention the hour at which you write. All the effective horse under Col. Moylan will instantly march to join you. I am augmenting Col. Morgans corps which will also speedily march to your assistance. I need not observe to you that every thing ought to be done to keep up the spirits of your militia.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Horatio Gates, 22 June 1778
From: Gates, Horatio
To: Washington, George

                        Sir,
                        Peeks Kill [N.Y.] 22nd June 1778.11 in the Forenoon

                    I have the pleasure to Own the receipt of Your Excellency’s Letter of the 12th, Instant, and find the Enemy (although ready to remove) had not then evacuated Philadelphia. Some great decisive Stroke in War, or politicks, must immediately determine the Line of Conduct the Commissioners resolve to take. I am only vexed, so much precious time is  lost upon our Side, by those whose duty it is to furnish Supplies of Men, provissions, Arms, Tents, &c. &c. About Twelve Hundred of the Draughts, & Recruits from Massachusetts, have Joined; but not an Arm to put upon their Shoulders. Expresses have been sent to every State, and every Store, to entreat Supplies; but only those abovementioned are yet Arrived.
                    The State of our Provission Magazine is also truly Alarming, as Your Excellency will perceive by the inclosed Return, and Copy of my Letter sent to Messrs Colt, & Champion; duplicates of which, were also transmitted to Governour Trumbull.
                    This moment, Your Excellency’s of the 18th Instant from the Valley Forge, is put into my Hands by an Express. General Greene’s Letter was directly forwarded to Colo: Hay at Fish Kill, with the others in Your Excellency’s packet.
                    Your Excellency may be assured of my Steady Attention to the Objects you recommend, and of my exact Obedience to all Your Commands. I am, Sir, Your Excellency’s Most Obedient Humble Servt.


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 22 June 1778
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                        Dear General
                        Head Quarters Boston June 22d 1778.

                    Perhaps ere this reaches you, you will hear that an Officer of the Convention troops has been lately shot at Cambridge by one of our Sentinels. this happened on the 17th Instant, the Officer attempting to ride out of the Chain of Sentries with two Women, which by express orders are not to pass without passports, the Sentry did his duty—repeatedly ordered the Officer to stop, and was at length necessi[t]ated to use severity. Imagining that your Excellency would be desireous to be acquainted with the particulars I do myself the honor to enclose sundry papers that passed between Genl Phillips & myself on the occasion—Genl Phillips is still confined—The packet addressed to the Honble the president of Congress is on the Subject. Capt. Horton going on to your Excellency induced me to send them by him, as a considerable expence would be saved to the public. I am to request that you would please to forward them by the first oppertunity as I apprehend you have frequent intercourse to Congress, and pardon me in giving this trouble—The resentment of the people here towards Genl Phillips for the indecent and dishonorable expressions contained in his letters, is very great.
                    Enclosed is a request from Ensn Pond for leave to resign his Commission in the Army. I have the honor to be Your Excellencys Most Obed. Servt

                        W. Heath


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Joseph Kirkbride, 22 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Kirkbride, Joseph

                        Sir
                        Hd Qurs near Coryell’s [N.J.] June 22 1778

                    It would seem from the information received that the Enemy mean to advance through Trentown. They are now in motion & on that rout. Nothing could contribute to harrass them more or to facilitate our views, than for a number of Militia to hang on and annoy their rear. I could wish you and the other Officers in your County, to exert yourselves and if possible, to pass the River with a respectable number of Militia for this purpose. Indeed a force though never so small will have it’s advantages. Whatever can be done in this way, will require the utmost expedition. I am Sir Yr Most Obedt servt

                        Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 22 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

                        Sir
                        Head Qrs near Coryel’s [N.J.] June 22d 1778

                    I have the Honor to inform you, that I am now in Jersey and that the Troops are passing the River at Coryel’s; and are mostly over. The latest intelligence I have had respecting the Enemy, was yesterday from Genl Dickinson. He says they were in the morning, at Mores Town and Mount Holly, but that he had not been able to learn what rout they  would pursue from thence; nor was it easy to determine, as from their then situation, they might either proceed to South Amboy or by way of Brunswick. We have been a good deal impeded in our march by rainy weather. As soon as we have cleaned the Arms and can get matters in train, we propose moving towards Princetown, in order to avail ourselves of any favourable occasions that may present themselves of attacking or annoying the Enemy. I have the Honor to be with great respect & esteem Sir Yr Most Obedt servant

                        Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Charles Lee, 22 June 1778
From: Lee, Charles
To: Washington, George

                        Dr General,
                        Camp [near Amwell, N.J.] June the 22d [1778]

                    About eleven miles from Head Quarters and eight miles from this Camp is a most admirable position for the whole Army either in two or one line—it’s left is coverd by Stony Brook—it’s front Clear, excepting to the front of the right where is a strong wood and mill dam where it will be proper to throw a brigade a strong Brigade or two shoud occupy likewis a Wood on the right—it’s situation is high and commanding—the ground dry and good—it is well waterd—having besides Stoney Brook on the left—a large Rivulet in the front another in the rear—it commands likewis both the roads to Princeton that by Pennyton and that inclining to Hopewell meeting house. I am, Dr Sir, Yours

                        C. Lee

                        woud it not be proper to hint your intention to Gov’r Livingston—his letter which Colonel Scammel will deliver to you shews the necessity.


Title: To George Washington from William Livingston, 22 June 1778
From: Livingston, William
To: Washington, George

                        Dear Sir
                        Princeton [N.J.] 22 June 1778

                    All the Information I am able to give your Excellency at Present respecting the Enemy’s movements is that they were last night at mount Holley, & were expected to march this morning—Their rout I cannot determine—our militia are employed in obstructing their progress by incumbering the roads &c.—but what purpose it will answer to delay their march unless they can be more materially injured than is in the power of the militia to do, I know not.
                    The Bearer of this is a virginian from London & France—I have perused all the Letters he has, & find them confined to concerns private domestic & commercial without meddling with politics, except the one which I inclose you, which seems calculated to corrupt some honest whig—your officers belonging to virginia will be best acquainted with the persons to whom the Letters are addressed—I am with great respect Dear Sir your Excellencys most humble Sr

                        Wil: Livingston


Title: From George Washington to Timothy Pickering, 22 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Pickering, Timothy

                        Sir.
                        Camp near Coryels [N.J.] June 22: 1778.

                    I was honored yesterday with the Boards Letter of the 19th Instant.
                    From the apprehensions of the public of an Indian war in the western department, and the earnest applications of General McIntosh for Troops, I was induced the 15 of the month to detach Durkee’s & Ransom’s companies for that command. I am told by Lt Buck that they are halted at Lancaster. As they are detached from this Army, Congress will  be pleased to order their service, wherever they think it will be the most material; nor have I any thing to offer against Lt Colo. Zebulon Butler’s remaining where he is and taking the direction of the Troops to be employed in that Quarter, if it is agreable to Congress.
                    I inclose you the papers the Board were pleased to transmit me. As to the return of the Companies, I cannot conveniently get at it in the moving state of the Army. I have directed Lt Buck to procure it at Lancaster. I have the Honor to be Sir Yr Most Obedt servt

                        Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Captain John David Woelpper, 22 June 1778
From: Woelpper, John David
To: Washington, George

                        Hond Sr
                        Easton [Pa.] 22. [June] 1778 at one o’Clock

                    Agreeable to your Excellency’s Command—Last friday the 19th Inst. I took the Command of the Invalid Regiment at Easton Next day Some of Colo. Cowats Serjs. began a riot with Colo. Nicolas Invalds, I Quell’d the Quarrell & reprimanded some of the Soldiers under me as one un Commiss’d officer But without any Reason, On Monday Afternoon Two serjs. of the Husaws Brought a Prisoner of them to the Gaurd which is Keept for Keeping the Prisoners of war from making their escape which had attempted to Clime over the wall by a Ladder.
                    The Serjt of the Gaurd Reciev’d the Prisoner, when after he had the Prisonre in Charge the Serjt of the Husaws Struck the Prisonre over his with a stick, the Serjt of the Gaurd Desurd him not to strike the Prisoner as he was under his Charge, the Serjt of the Husaws then Struck the Serjt of the Gaurd with the Same Stick as he struck the Prisoner with & took hold of him struck & Dragg’d Him from the Gaurd hause door into the Street & would have had Kill him had not Capt. Cregg not Come timely to Prevent it in the Evening I went to Roll Call when Cap. Cregg Inform’d me of what had happen’d, I being at my Quarter all the time not Hearing any thing about it, after the Roll Call I went to the Prisen where the Gaurd is Keept to enquire into the affair I was Inform by the Gaurd that a Great mob of Husaws & Inhabitants assembled. Capt. Cregg being Present order them to Disperce but they would not but Still Resisted, he orderd the Gaurd to Fier then they Dispersed, Till about Taptoo, the Bearer of these a Serjt came to Inform me that all the Husaws was Getting under arms & with Clubs for to do some mischiefs to us, I order him to Go to the Barracks & I would Come Immediately, to see what was the matter as I was at supper, before  I had done the Serjt Came a Gain & Inform me that the Husaws where all in a body some with arms & others with Clubs having Beat one of our men, & threatend to murder the Rest I went Immediately before I came to the Gaurd I meet a body of about twenty men with arms & Clubbs, some of the Invalids come up to me in the time of Disturban[c]e—the Husaws Struck at them with their Clubs, thro which one of the Husaws was Stab’d with a Bayonet. Had I not been there I believe their would been a Great deal more mischieft Done, if not some Lives Lost—This Morning I waited upon Colo. Cowats & begd Him to Confine the Serjt which asaulted the Serjt of the Gaurd he refused it & said he would keep a Gaurd against me.
                    May it Please your Excellency I am afraid that their will be a great deal of mischief done by Colo. Cowats men & the Resentment of the Invalids as their have been several Quarrels between them & Colo. Nicola (on the Account Arrested Colo. Cowats,) who will Give more Information of the behavour of the Colo. & his men I most humbly pray you to assist me in my duty if any Accident may happen that the Prisoners of war may make their Escape I will not be blamible, as he has a Good many Deserters & Prisone[r]s of war enlisted with him, which is entirely against Genl orders the men being one Enemies to us & am Affraid Still remain so. I am Hond sr Your Excellencys Most dutifull & most obt huml. servt

                        D: Woelpper


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philemon Dickinson, 23 June 1778
From: Dickinson, Philemon
To: Washington, George

                        Dr Sir
                        Drawbridge [near Bordentown, N.J.] 23d June 1778

                    The Enemy’s front came yesterday to the Black-horse, where they still remain—Genl Maxwell continues at Crosswicks—where I am now going—to get further intelligence—the Militia are at this Place, except two hundred, annexed to Gl Maxwells Brigade—no movement of the Enemy this Day. Col: Moylan with his Horse, are going on the lines—have no doubt they will surprize—aleast a part of their Horse—Col. Moylan came down last Night.
                    Our Militia increase, but not in ⟨g⟩reat Numbers—suppose they may  not amount to 12, or 1300 Privates. I have the honor to be Your Excellency’s Most Obt

                        Philemon Dickinson


Title: From George Washington to Major General Philemon Dickinson, 23 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Dickinson, Philemon

                        Dr Sir
                        Hopewell Township [N.J.] near the Baptist MeetingJune 23d 1778 ¼ past One OClock

                    I have just received yours of this day, from the Drawbrige. The army marched this morning to this place. It was my intention to have taken post nearer Princeton; but finding the enemy are dilatory in advancing, I am doubtful of the propriety of proceeding any further ’till their intentions can be better ascertained. I wish you to inform me more particularly of the nature of the obstructions which have been thrown in their way, that I may be better able to judge whether their delay is owing to necessity or choice. Any circumstance that may serve to throw light upon this question I shall be obliged to you for, as it is of very great importance. If their delay is voluntary it argues a design to draw us into a general action and proves that they consider this to be a desireable ⟨ev⟩ent. They may perhaps wish to draw us off from the Delaware far to the left and then by a rapid movement, gain our right flank and rear—I should be glad of your sentiments fully as to their probable designs, and the conduct which it will most proper, for us to observe in consequ⟨ence⟩.
                    You will be pleased to continue to advise me punctually of every movement and appearance of the enemy. I am Sir Yr obedt sert

                        G.W.

                        Let me remind you of mentioning always the hour at ⟨mutilated⟩ is a ⟨mutilated⟩.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philemon Dickinson, 23 June 1778
From: Dickinson, Philemon
To: Washington, George

                        Dr Sir,
                        Drawbridge [near Bordentown, N.J.]23 June 1778–10 OClock [a.m.]

                    The enemy are advancing rapidly—one Column now near Lewis’s Mill, the others on the Bordentown Road—we killed 6, or 7, Horsemen  at the former place. I have the honor to be, Your Excellency’s most Ob. St

                        Philemon Dickinson

                        P.S. an Express from Genl Cadwalader just arrived, requestg a supply of ammunition—shall forward one of those waggons, that was sent me.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philemon Dickinson, 23 June 1778
From: Dickinson, Philemon
To: Washington, George

                        Dr Sir
                        Trenton [N.J.] June 23d 1778—½ past 1, OClock P.M.

                    From every present appearance, I believe the Enemy intend their rout thro’ allentown—Their Lt Horse with a party of Infantry appeared at the Bridge, by Lewis’s Mill—but have retired—a second party of Horse, came up to the Drawbridge, just after we had destroy’d it, & gone off—they have allso retired.
                    I have about six hundred Militia now upon their left flank, the remainder that march’d this way, shall act in the same manner—Genl Maxwell’s Brigade, will proceed immediately to Maidenhead. I have the honor to be, Your Excellency’s most Ob. St

                        Philemon Dickinson

                        P.S. Two small Battns in the front, obstructg their march—& one small Battn on their right flank.
                        2, oClock By Colonel Morgans request, Captain Giles this moment came in, & left the Troops three miles in the rear—to inform me of their approach—they are so near this place, & the men so fatigued,  that they will halt here this Eveng & march in the morng for ⟨Ma⟩idenhead—the reason of their taking this rout, was the information received on the road—of the Enemy’s being near this place—a Lt Horseman this moment came from Lewis’s Mill, who informs me, that the Enemy have appear’d a second time, at that place.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philemon Dickinson, 23 June 1778
From: Dickinson, Philemon
To: Washington, George

                        Dear Sir
                        Trenton [N.J.] 23th June 1778½ past 11, OClock P.M.

                    I have recieved your Excellency’s favor of this Day—The obstructions thrown in the Enemy’s way, have been, the destruction of Bridges, & the felling of Trees, but those were of such a nature, as have fully satisfied me, their delay, was voluntary.
                    The whole of General Clinton’s movement, since he came into this State, has convinced me of his wish, to bring on a general action—it does not admit of a doubt with me—tis the constant language, of the intelligent deserters—I do not mention this as a reason—but his Conduct, carries conviction with it.
                    Unexpectedly, the Enemy made their appearance, about six OClock this Evening, on the other side the Drawbridge—I take this to be, their advanced party, consisting of about seven, or eight hundred Men this is the Column, whh I mentioned to your Excellency, that was advancing on the Bordentown road—but from the best intelligence, their main body, lays on the Allentown road—they were busily employ’d in pulling down a Barn, to rebuild the Drawbridge, but our Artillery & Musketry, effectually put a stop to their Operations, for this Eveng—I have taken the necessary precautions, to prevent a surprize—& to’morrow, shall dispute the passages with them, unless they out flank us.
                    I have given your Excellency, my sentiments upon this occasion, at your own request. I have the honor to be, Your Excellency’s Most Ob. St

                        Philemon Dickinson


Title: From George Washington to Major General Philemon Dickinson, 23 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Dickinson, Philemon

                        Dr Sir
                        Hopewell Township [N.J.] near the Baptist meeting houseJune 23 1778 ½ past 7 O’clock P.M.

                    I have been favd with your two letters both of to-day—One of them is dated at 11—the other at 2 O’clock.
                    As soon as this comes to hand [(]if you have not done it before) I wd beg of you to send me as full and explicit an acct of the enemies present position as you can possibly obtain. I would wish to recei[v]e it before morning, as it will be a matter of great influence in directing my movements.
                    Inclosed is a letter to Gen. Arnold which I beg you will seal & forward by an express. I am &c.

                        G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Duportail, 23 June 1778
From: Duportail, Antoine-Jean-Louis Le Bègue de Presle
To: Washington, George

                        Sir
                        hopwell [N.J.] 23 juin 1778

                    nous avons d’abord eté a sowr land meeting house. Cet endroit se trouve a 7 milles de princetown, la Chaine de montagnes qui pouvoit nous offrir quelque position avantageuse à 3 milles, de facon que de Cette Chaine a princetown il peut y avoir 10 milles. Celá ma paru trop eloignès pour Remplir l’objet que votre excellence paroit avoir. ou Comme dans la Route nous avions passé a un endroit qui n’étoit qu[’]à 5 milles de prince town et d’un autre Coté a un demy mille seulement de la Chaine de montagnes, j’ai pensé que C’étoit dans Cet endroit  dela montagne qu’il falloit Chercher une position. nous avons Reconnu le lieu trés imparfaitement faute de temps, mais en general je Crois pouvoir dire que le front seroit bon, les flancs mediocres nous n’avons pas eu le temps de nous assurer s’il y a des Chemins de Retraites. l’eau est aussi fort eloigneé. peut estre qu’en suivant la même Chaine de montagnes on trouveroit quelque bonne position mais elle s’eloigneroit du Princetown.
                    devant la chaine de montagnes dont je viens de parler il y en a un autre a 1 mille et demy ou deux milles qui se trouveroit par consequent plus près du Chemin de trenton a princetown. peut estre ⟨y⟩ a til quelque position avantageuse.
                    ⟨Il⟩ y a encore un endroit appellé Rock-hill qu’on dit a quatre mille et demy de prixtown, mais au dessus, du moins je crois quil seroit plus près du Chemin de princetown a Kingtown que de princetown même. nous pourrions le Reconnaistre. j’attendray les ordres de votre excellence jusquà 8 heures du matin. si jen’a Recois pas, je partiray pour le Camp. jai lhonneur d’etre avec Respect votre trés humble et trés obessant serviteur

                        duportail


Title: To George Washington from Major General Horatio Gates, 23 June 1778
From: Gates, Horatio
To: Washington, George

                        Sir,
                        Peeks Kill [N.Y.] 23rd June 1778.10 o’Clock A.M.

                    I this moment received Your Excellency’s Letter, dated at 4 o’Clock P.M. 20th Instant; Mine to Your Excellency of the 22nd, will sufficiently evince my Attention to provissions; And as to Forage, Colo. Hay assures  me he is exerting all his powers to provide a Sufficient Supply. He writes by this conveyance, fully upon the Subject, to General Greene. The Abundance of Green Forage, with Which this Country Abounds, must in a degree Compensate for the Want of Dry, as I am led to believe that Article is Scarce, and difficult to be had. I have Order’d all the Ferries, Boats, Batteaus, & Batteau Men, to be ready to be Stationed as Your Excellency shall please to direct; and the Several Roads from the North River, to the Jersies, have been constantly repairing for this Month past. I am, Sir, Your Excellency’s Most Obedient Hume Servt

                        Horatio Gates


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Joseph Kirkbride, 23 June 1778
From: Kirkbride, Joseph
To: Washington, George

                        Your Excel’y
                        Yardleys Ferry [Delaware River]10 oClock 23rd June 1778

                    I have Just now had the honr of Receiv’g your Excel’y Letter of yesterday, 5 oClock A.M., and Shou’d be Inexpressably happy—to have it in my power, to forward a Respectable No. of the Melitia of this County in Manner Your Exellency wou’d wish. Genl Lacey has Just now Cross’d the River at this place with the Inconsiderable No. of 40 men Four Class’s of Melitia has some Weeks past been Order’d to hold them Selve in Redyness—but no Orders—has come to hand, for Ordering them out, which to me, is most Surpriz’g. If I can possibly Turn out any Volunteers to Act With the small party Under Genl Lacy, it shall be done. Yesterday, @ 12 P.⟨M.⟩ I was at Bordenton: the last Accts were, the Enemy had Advans’d Within about 6 miles of that place—& seem’d Inclin’d to leave it on their Left—about 9—10—this morning, I hear’d a Cannonad’g, which from My knowledge of the Country—was Above, or Near Croswicks Bridge—it Continu’d Near an Hour—but not Very brisk.
                    Your Excellency may be Asur’d, Every Attention, to, & Servis for the Glorious Cause, Shall be at all times freely render’d on my part, & I have the Honr to be With the greatest Esteem, Your Excellency’s most Obedt Hume Servt

                        Jo. Kirkbride


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens, 23 June 1778
From: Laurens, John
To: Washington, George

                        Sir
                        [Hopewell, N.J., 23 June 1778]

                    By General Duportails leave I inclose a rude Sketch of the Roads and principal points, which have relation to the ground your Excellency desired to have reconnoitred—The Chain of Sourland hills as nearly as I can judge runs north by east—its nearest distance from Prince Town is five miles—Genl Duportail has reconnoitred as well as time would permit a Position in that part of the chain—the front is generally good—the flanks can only be made so by art—Roads of Retreat could not be examined—Water is not very abundant, but might be sufficient for a short stay—There is an inferior ridge of hills in front of those abovementioned, upon which stands a Militia Alarm Post—a good position might perhaps be found there—but the Rocky Hill from all accounts promises the strongest ground—I was in doubt this morning whether the intelligence sent by Genl Dickinson, would not make an alteration in Your Excellencys plan—as it appeared from his account that we should hardly be in time for occupying the ground in question—Genl Duportail proposes to wait for farther orders ’till 8 OClock—to morrow morning. I am with the greatest respect Your Excellencys most obedt Servt

                        John LaurensAide de Camp


Title: To George Washington from Charles Stewart, 23 June 1778
From: Stewart, Charles
To: Washington, George

                        Sir
                        Pennington [N.J.]Tuesday evening 10 OClock [23 June 1778]

                    Col. Wadsworth & my Self after arranging our business in Philada left that City this day at Ten OClock and about 7 this afternoon intelligence was brought Gen. Dickinson at Trenton that the Enemy were advanced as far as the Drawbridge on Crosswick Creek about four Miles from Trenton on the Road to Bordentown, Gen. Dickinson ordered the Militia posted at Trenton & Col. Morgans Corps to March to the Bridge Col. Wadsworth & myself Accompanied the General to the Hill where we had a full Veiw of the Enemy who fired a few Cannon shot while we were there and were employed in throwing a Bridge over the Creek at 8 OClock we left the General who had some feild pieces then within half A Mile of the Bridge & the Musquetry firing on those employed   in making it Genl Dicki[n]son had no Ink or paper & requested us to inform Your Excellencey of his Situation Speedily his expectations are that they will force a passage Over as they appear Numerous, and that they will cross the Creek also at another Bridge three or four Miles higher up and incircle him if he tarrys too long, Our Horses are tired otherways We should reached Head Quarters this evening—This morning early Col. Jacksons Regt Crossed at Coopers Ferry & were to be followed by the Philad. Volunteers under Genl Cadwallader, I suppose Col. Ellis & Major Howell are this night near the enemys rear with four hundred Men—Yesterday Col. Nichola received One hundred & Twenty Deserters in Philad. We met about twenty to day on the road, The Enemys Fleet were on Sunday said to be opposite Port Penn. I am Your Excellencys most obedient humble Servant

                        Chas Stewart C.G.I.


Title: General Orders, 24 June 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

                        Head-Quarters Hunt’s House [Hopewell, N.J.]Wednesday June 24th 78.
                        ParoleC. Signs

                    Officers are on no Account to be absent from their Encampment and are to be particularly vigilant to prevent their men from stragling.
                    The Troops in point of provision and every other respect are to be held in constant readiness for moving when the General beats which will be the signal for marching. The Commanding Officers of Corps are to make accurate returns of the Axes, Tomahawks and other such tools in possession of their Corps.


Title: Council of War, 24 June 1778
From: Washington, George,Council of War
To:

                        [Hopewell, N.J., 24 June 1778]

                    At a Council of War held in Hopewell Township, New Jersey, June 24th 1778.
                    PresentThe Commander in Chief

                            Major Genls
                            Brigadier Generals

                              Lee
                              Knox

                              Greene
                              Poor

                              Stirling
                              Wayne

                              Fayette
                              Woodford

                              Steuben
                              Patterson

                              Scott

                              Portail.

                    His Excellency informs the Council, that by the latest advices, he has received, the Enemy are in two columns, one on the Allen Town and the other on the Borden Town road, The front of the latter near the Drawbridge, at which the Two roads unite in the main Cranbury road; Their force from the best estimate he can form is between 9 & 10,000 rank & file.
                    That the strength of the Army on this Ground, by a field return made two days since consisted of 10,684 rank & file; besides which, there is an advanced Brigade under General Maxwell, of about 1200. That in addition to this force, from the amount given by Genl Dickinson there appear to be about 1200 Militia, collected in the Neighbourhood of the Enemy, who in conjunction with General Maxwell are hovering on their flanks & rear and obstructing their march.

                    He further informs the Council, that measures have been taken to procure an aid of Pensylvania militia; which have not as yet produced any material effect. Genl Cadwalader with fifty or Sixty Volunteers and a Detachment of Continental Troops, amounting to about 300 were to cross the Delaware yesterday morning and fall in with the Enemy’s rear—General Lacy had crossed with 40 men.
                    He observes to the Council that it is now the seventh day since the Enemy evacuated Philadelphia during which time, they have marched less than 40 miles; That the obstructions thrown in their way, by breaking down Bridges, felling Trees &c. were insufficient to produce so great delay, as is the opinion of Genl Dickinson himself, who has principally directed them; and that the opposition, they have otherwise received, has not been very considerable.
                    Under these circumstances and considering the present situation of our national affairs, and the probable prospects of the Enemy, the General requests the sentiments of the Council on the following questions.
                    Will it be adviseable for us, of choice, to hazard a general action?
                    If it is, should we do it, by immediately making a general attack upon the Enemy, by attempting a partial one, or by taking such a position, if it can be done, as may oblige them to attack us?
                    If it is not, what measures can be taken, with safety to this Army, to annoy the Enemy in their march, should it be their intent⟨ion⟩ to proceed through the Jerseys?
                    In fine, what precise line of conduct will it be best for us to pursue?
                    Answer to the first question—It will not be adviseable. to the second—This is involved and answered in the first. to the third—A detachment of fifteen hundred men to be immediately sent to act as occasion may serve, on the enemy’s left flank and rear, in conjunction with the other Continental troops and militia, which are already hanging about them; and the main body to preserve a relative position, so as to be able to act as circumstances may require. To the fourth—This is partly answered in the foregoing and may be referred to farther consideration.

                        H. Knox
                        Charles Lee
                        Stirling,
                        Nath. Greene
                        The Marquis de lafayette
                        Steuben M.G.
                        Poor
                        Jno. Paterson
                        Wm Woodford
                        Chs Scott
                        Duportail