Title: To George Washington from Gouverneur Morris, 14 March 1779
From: Morris, Gouverneur
To: Washington, George

Dr General—
Phila: 14th March 1779.
You will excuse in me the Liberty I have taken in requesting Colo. Morgan to call on you. That Gentleman can give you much and important Information relative to the State of our Western Frontiers. From the first View of the Commander in that Department at York Town he struck me as one of those who excel in the Regularity of Still Life from the Possession of an indolent Uniformity of Soul. The little Eagerness he shewed to go thence when every Thing almost depended on Vivacity gave no good Omen of his Success. I observed in Silence & untill this Moment no one hath known any Reflections I then made and perhaps I am even at this Moment much very much deceived. When I heard of some Proceedings in the Department I ventured to say aloud that no Good would follow from the Exertions of the Army under his Command. Unfortunately I have not been mistaken. I have Reason to beleive that his Recall hath become necessary from a Variety of Causes—For a Successor I think you will be puzzled. Good Sense Genius Activity and a Habit of Business These are Qualities which appear to me better adapted to this Office than all the military Science in all the military Books put together. Excuse one more observation. It is that the Reason why a good Partizan Officer is so rare a Thing among regular Soldiers may be deduced from this that in order to become such a Man must unlearn all that he has learnt or the greater Part of it which few have good Sense enough to do. One good Mohawk would on such Occasion do more with one hundred Men than Prince Ferdinand with a thousand or Braddock with ten thousand. I must here again beg your Pardon for intermeddling with Things out of my Line and beyond my Reach. But you will I am sure excuse me for thinking loud to you upon a Subject which presses itself upon my Sensibilities, especially when I assure you what I beleive you well know that such Liberties with you arise from personal Confidence & Esteem—I beleive it is unnecessary for me to say that Colo. Morgan is a Man of Honor and Truth as he is of your Acquaintance but as you may not know him so well as to know how much he may be relied on permit me to assure you that I have the highest Reason to beleive that you cannot derive Information from a more certain Source or thro a surer Channell Adieu. My Respects to Mrs Washington who I am told has no Great Opinion of me as a Christian Priest and yet I am sure we are of the same Religion expressed in the one Word Benevolence. yours
Gouvr Morris


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Thomas Procter, 14 March 1779
From: Procter, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philadelphia Mar: 14th 1779
I have the Honour to Acknowledge the Receipt of your Excellancys Circular Letter, dated the 4th instant Relative to setling the rank of the Corps of Artillery, of which I gave my officers the earliest Information, in Order to enable them to present their several Claims in Form—I have been especialy more particular with those, who had not preferred them before, through the Channel of General Reed, or the Board of War, for your Approbation—I hereby present your Excellancy with the date of my Several Commissions (Exclusive of my Services, as an Officer, in the line of the Militia Artillery of this State, from the Earliest Commencement of Hostilities) viz. my Captaincy on October 27th 1775, Majority August 14th 1776, & my Colonels Commissn on the 5th of Febuary 1777—As it is my Wish to Concur with your Excellancy in any Measure that might settle the Rank of the respective Officers in such Manner as to prevent those Jealousies which are ever injurous, and prejudetial; so I would from Motives of Honour, as well as from Matters of Right, hope that no Preference should be given, where that preference might Probably have arisen from Mistake; Delicasy forbids me to think it could have arisen from Design.
The Case to which I at present allude, may I apprehend be Collected from the inclos’d letter I receiv’d from Liut. Colonel Benjamin Flower, to the Contents of which I pray your Excellancy’s Attention—If upon this perusal my Apprehensions should be cleer and well grounded, please also to recollect that General Knox took his Departure from Morristown on the 17th of Jany 1777 for Boston, That it is more than probabel that neither Colonel’s Lamb, or Crane, were actualy appointed untill some time After the Generals arival there, which from his Necessary delay at Fishkills, and other places to establish Larboratories, and to Confer on Measures to raise the Battalions of Artillery and Officer the same, for the States of New York, & Masachusets, Could not be far short of the Middle of Febuary—But for the greater exactness of this Matter hope an appeal may be had to the recomendatory Letters of Colonel Lamb, and Cranes Appointment to Battallions, takeing it in this point of View, that the Date of Such Commissions could not be previous to the Dates of these Letters which Probably procured those Commissions, but should at least bear equal date therewith. I have the Honour to be Your Excellancy’s Obedient and Most Humble Servant
Thos Proctor Col. P. Artillery


Title: General Orders, 15 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Monday March 15th 1779.
Parole Roanoque—C. Signs Foy. Perth.


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Burke and Henry Laurens, 15 March 1779
From: Laurens, Henry,Burke, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philadelphia March 15th 1779
The inclosed papers are referred to us by Congress, and we wish for the assistance of your Ideas to enable us to make a more perfect report. we request you therefore to take the trouble of committing to paper your Opinion on the proposed terms for the exchange of Prisoners in the Southern department, and also any thing which you think will conduce to that End without Contravening your general Arrangements or general policy and utility.
We deem it inconvenient, in an in[a]dmissable degree, to permit an exchange of mere Citizens. The facility with which our Enemy can make Prisoners of our Citizens, the difficulty of our making Adequate reprisals, and many other circumstances incline us to this Opinion. It Seems even better to Suffer the Captivity of Such as unfortunately fall into their hands. for tho’ this is a calamity which greatly affects our Sensibility, yet it is far Short of what we Apprehend from Admitting Such exchange. We think it must Necessarily prove an incentive to the making a greater Number of prisoners of that Order, and that the Efforts for making them would be attended with an increase of ravage and horror which we are not in a Condition to prevent or chastise. We shall also be very glad to be informed by you whether any reinforcements of regular Troops can be spared to the Southern department and if in your Opinion any be Necessary. At the Same time we Suggest that North Carolina is making very Considerable Exertions for raising a reinforcement of Militia, both Cavalry and Infantry. We think you Concur with us in Opinion that Militia forces ought to be employd only in Cases where they cannot be dispensed with. We are Sir With the greatest respect and Esteem Your Obdtt Servants
Tho. BurkeHenry Laurens.


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 15–16 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

Dr Sir
[Middlebrook] March. 15th[–16] 1779
The 1st April ensuing the times of about a 1000 of the troops under the command of Genl McDougall will expire. These returning home will leave the Highland posts in a state much weaker than is proper for them to experience in the approaching Season. I shall endeavour to replace them as far as in my power—But in addition to what I may be able to do, it will be expedient to fall upon some plan by which the posts may receive succour from the neighbouring militia at a moments warning—Sensible of the inconveniences of calling this body out upon every occasion—I wish to avoid it on the present till It becomes absolutely necessary. I have therefore to request that a convention of signals may be agreed to between General McDougall and your Excellency by which means notice may be immediately communicated of the enemies approach and beacons fired at proper places as signals for the Militia to assemble to his support.
While this mode provides for the defence of the posts it excludes as much as possible all unnecessary expence & trouble to the Militia.
I have written to General McDougall on this subject, and am—Sir your Excellencys most hble servt.
March 16th 1779 P.S. Since writing the above I have received the inclosed intelligence from Gen. Schuyler relative to a design against your frontier.
One of the letters which the General refers to has not come to hand—But you will be able to judge from the transmitted accounts and the known policy and circumstances of the enemy what degree of confidence is to be given to the supposed incursion.
As there can be no addition of regular force ordered at present to that now on the frontier without disconcerting other measures it will be necessary to take into consideration the best means to reinforce it with militia should you think the information sufficiently authentic; or in case this cannot be accomplished—to withdraw to the interior country, the stock and provision which seem the principal object with the enemy.
The total of the troops at the different posts along the frontier amounts to 2012 men exclusive of Courtlands Regiment, These with a re-inforcement of Militia might at least give the inhabitants a security till more efficacious measures can be pursued at the proper Season.
The provision at all events should not be sufferr’d to fall into their hands if it can be removed or protected. and I make no doubt of such precautions on your part as may appear adequate to this end. I am &
G. W——n


Title: From George Washington to William Duer, 15 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Duer, William

Sir,
Head Quarters [Middlebrook] 15th March 1779
The other day, you intimated to me a desire to have an interview with Mr Elliot on Staten Island, with which I expressed my concurrence. My mind being at the time engaged on other matters—I did not advert to the resolve of Congress which makes the previous consent of the State necessary—Having since recollected the restraint, I am under from this circumstance—to prevent delay at the moment you might wish the interview to take place—I think it best to mention it to you—that you may have time to procure a line for the purpose from Governor Clinton. I should be glad it was in my power to save you this trouble, but as I am not at liberty to dispense with the resolve, so you will be sensible that to discriminate might give dissatisfaction—and the precedent would make future applications embarrassing, where there might be good reason to refuse. I am with regard Sir Your most obedt serv.


Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 15 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

Sir
Middle brook Mar. 15 1779.
I have waited with anxious expectation, for some plan to be adopted by Congress which would have a general operation throughout the States for compleating their respective Battalions. No plan for this purpose has yet come to my knowledge, nor do I find that the several Governments are pursuing any measures to accomplish the end by particular arrangements of their own legislatures. I therefore hope Congress will excuse any appearance of importunity, in my troubling them again on the subject, as I earnestly wish to be enabled to realize some ideas on what may be expected towards the completion of our Batalions by the opening of the next campaign. They are already greatly reduced, and will be much more so by that time; owing to the expiration of the term of Service of the last years drafts—At the Posts in the highlands, Nixons Pattersons & Learneds Brigades alone, will suffer (by the first of April) a diminution of 847 Men, which must be replaced; illy as they can, & reluctantly as they will be spared from other Posts.
The Committee, with whom I had the honor to confer were of opinion, that the regimts now in Service should be continued & completed—this was confirmed by the resolve of Congress of the 23d of Jany last, which also directed some additional encouragements for recruiting the Army during the War. Aware that this expedient, though a very useful one, could not be altogether relied on, especially if the interference of State bounties, were still permitted; I furnished the Committee with my ideas of the mode which afforded the most certain prospect of success. I shall not trouble Congress with a repetition of these, as I doubt not they have been fully reported by the Committee.
Among the Troops of some States, recruiting in Camp on the new bounties has succeeded tolerably well—among others, where the expectations of state bounties have had more influence—very ill—upon the whole, the success has been far short of our wishes and will probably be so of our necessities. The measure of inlisting in the Country, in my opinion depends so much on the abolishing of State bounties, that without it, I am doubtful whether it will be worth the experiment. State bounties, have been a source of immense expence & many misfortunes. The sooner the practice can be abolished, and system introduced in our manner of recruiting & keeping up our batalions, as well as in the administration of the several departments of the Army, the sooner will our Security be established & placed out of the reach of contingencies. Temporary expedients to serve the purposes of the moment, occasion more difficulties & expence, than can easily be conceived.
The superior information, which Congress may have of the political state of affairs in Europe & of combining circumstances, may induce them to believe that, there will soon be a termination of the War; and therefore, that the expence of vigorous measures to re-inforce the Army may be avoided: If this should be the case, I dare say the reasons will be well considered before a plan is adopted; which, whatever advantages of Œconomy it may promise—in an eventual disappointment, may be productive of ruinous consequences. For my own part—I confess I should be cautious of admitting the supposition that the War will terminate without another desperate effort on the part of the enemy.
The Speech of the Prince, & the debates of his Ministers have very little the aspect of peace; and if we reflect, that they are subsequent (as I apprehend they must have been) to the events, on which our hopes appear to be founded—they must seem no bad argumts of a determination in the British cabinet to continue the War. Tis true, whether this be the determination or not, tis a very natural policy that every exertion should be made by them to be in the best condition to oppose thier enemies, and that there should be every appearance of vigor and preparation—But if the Ministry had serious thoughts of making peace, they would hardly insist so much as they do—on the particular point of prosecuting the American War. They would not like to raise & inflame the expectations of the People on this subject, while it was secretly their intention to disappoint them.
In America, every thing has the complexion of a continuance of the War. The operations of the enemy in the Southern States do not resemble a transient incursion, but a serious conquest. At their posts in this quarter, every thing is in a state of tranquility, and indicates a design, at least, to hold possession. These considerations joined to the preceeding—The infinite pains that are taken to keep up the Spirits of the disaffected and to assure them of support & protection—& several other circumstances, trifling in themselves but powerful when combined—amount to no contemptable evidence that the contest is not so near an end, as we could wish.
I am fully sensible of many weighty reasons on the opposite side; but I do not think them sufficiently conclusive to destroy the force of what has been suggested, or to justify the sanguine inferences many seem inclined to draw.
Should the Court of Britain be able to send any reinforcements to America the next campaign, and carry on offensive operations; and should we not take some effectual means to recruit our batalions—when we shall have detached the force necessary to act decisively against the Indians—and the remaining drafts shall have returned home—the force which remains for our defence will be very inconsiderable indeed—We must then on every exigency have recourse to the Militia, the consequence of which, besides weakness and defeat in the field, will be double or treble the necessary expence to the public. To say nothing of the injury to agriculture which attends calling out the Militia on particular emergencies & at some critical Seasons, they are commonly twice as long coming to where they are wanted & returning home, as they are in the field; and must of course for every days real service receive two or three days pay, & consume the same proportion of provisions.
When an important matter is suspended for deliberation in Congress, I should be sorry that my sollicitude to have it determined, should contribute to a premature decision. But when I have such striking proofs of public loss & private discontent from the present management of the clothing department—when accts, inadmissible if any system existed, frequently remind me of the absolute necessity of introducing one—When I hear as I often do, of large importations of cloathing which we never see—of quantities wasting and rotting in different parts of the Country, the knowledge of which reaches me by chance—When I have reason to believe that the money which has been expended for cloathing the Army, if judiciously laid out, & the Cloaths regularly issued, would have effectually answered the purpose—And when I have never till now seen it other wise than half naked. When I feel the perplexity and additional load of business thrown upon me by the irregularity in this department—and by applications from all parts of the Army for relief—I cannot forbear discovering my anxiety to have some plan decided for conducting the business hereafter, in a more provident & consistent manner. If the one I proposed to the Committee does not coincide with the Sentiments of Congress, I should be happy some other could be substituted—With the greatest respect I have the honr to be Yr Excelly’s Most Obt & Hbe Servt
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Maxwell, 15 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Maxwell, William

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 15 March 1779
I recd yours of the 10th informing me of Admiral Gambiers intent to leave the port of New York; if that event hath taken place be pleased to endeavour to ascertain with what number of ships—their force and destination—We have heard nothing of a long time from Z. Has he dropped the correspondence? or what is become of him. If we are to depend no further upon him, you should endeavour to open some other channel for intelligence—The Season advances when the enemy will begin to stir, and we should if possible be acquainted with their motions. I am &.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Maxwell, 15 March 1779
From: Maxwell, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
Elizth Town [N.J.] 15th March 1779
I have the pleasure to transmit to Your Excellency one of the latest papers from New York. I have had an account from Statten Island of several Letters being received there from Georgia mentioning many of the new Corps being kill there in a late Engagement: but I could not find that any of our friends saw the letters. They mention further that they were all lying close by their Shiping and expected to embark in a few days they hoped for new York. I hope we may soon have it confirmed. I have had a hint that they are preparing at New york for another Expedition; it cannot be more than a night one or I think I should have got it throug another channel. I think it is rather an emajinary one. I am Your Excellencys Most Obedient Humble Servant
Wm Maxwell B.G.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Thomas Nelson, Jr., 15 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Nelson, Thomas Jr.

My dear Sir,
Middle brook March 15th 1779
I have to thank you for your friendly letter of the 9th and for your obliging, tho unsuccessful endeavours to procure the Horses I am endebted to my Country for. At present I have no immediate call for them, as we find it rather difficult to support the few we keep at Camp, in forage.
It gives me very singular pleasure to find that you have again taken a Seat in Congress; I think there never was a time when cool & dispassionate reasoning—strict attention & application—great integrety—and (if it was in the nature of things, unerring) wisdom were more to be wished for than the present. Our Affairs—according to my judgment—are now come to a crisis, and requires no small degree of political skill to steer clear of those shelves & Rocks which tho deeply buried, may wreck our hopes & throw us upon some inhospitable shore. Unanimity in our Councils—disinterestedness in our pursuits—and steady perseverence in our national duty, are the only means to avoid misfortunes—if they come upon us after these we shall have the consolation of knowing that we have done our best—the rest is with the Gods.

Shall I hope to have the pleasure of seeing you at Camp, when the weather gets a little settled? I can assure you that it will be a gratification of my wishes. Mrs Washington salutes you most cordially, & offers her thanks for the letter you was kind enough to send her. I am most sincerely & Affectionately Yrs
G.W.


Title: From George Washington to John Rutledge, 15 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Rutledge, John

Sir,
Middlebrook Mar. 15th 1779
Lt Col. Laurens who will have the honor of delivering you this, has served two campaigns in my family in quality of aide De Camp. The whole tenor of his conduct has been such as to intitle him to my particular friendship and to give me a high opinion of his talents and merit. In the field, he has given very distinguishing proofs of his bravery upon several interesting occasions. His military zeal and a concern for his own country have determined him to leave this for a time to offer his services where he thinks they will be more essential. Though unwilling to part with him, I could not oppose his going to a place where he is called by such powerful motives, and where I am persuaded he will be extremely useful. I have therefore given him leave of absence ’till a change of affairs will permit his return, when I shall be happy to see him resume his place in my family.
Though I imagine he is personally acquainted with your Excellency, I could not suffer him to depart, without informing you of the great value I set upon him and recommending him warmly to your attention. I have the honor to be with the truest respect & esteem Yr Excellys Most Obedt servt.


Title: To George Washington from Peter Scull, 15 March 1779
From: Scull, Peter
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Peter Scull, 15 March 1779. GW wrote Scull on 20 March: “I have your favs. of the 15th and 18th instants.”


Title: To George Washington from Jeremiah Wadsworth, 15 March 1779
From: Wadsworth, Jeremiah
To: Washington, George

sir
Hartford, March 15th 1779
Your Letter of the 3d Int. came to me at New London the 12th Int. I immediately sent Col. McClellan a Copy of it and requested him not to let passion or resentment dictate any of his Actions respecting the dispute with Capt. Sessions or rather General Sullivan—I am utterly unacquainted with the Action brought against Capt. Session, and believe it is brought by the Grand Juror and not by Col. McClellan—if Capt. Sessions shou’d be cast after making it appear that there was a “Necessity” for his taking the Measures he did, I am sure he will get redress at the General Assembly, and I should think myself Obliged to Apply to that Body & obtain a remission of the Sentence and pay, and thank him—but if it should appear their was no Necessity, and he or General Sullivan have wantonly broke the Law, I am persuaded your Excellency wou’d not Wish to have them countenancd.
General Sullivan’s Request for a Millitary Court, tho’ unexpected is agreable to me—I presume Your Excellency will not allow it to be composed of the Officers under his immediate Command—at any Rate I think it would be improper the Sentence shou’d be referred to him, to Confirm or Reject—his being present at the late Court of Enquiry, and his Conduct at that Court (as represented to me by Col. Rogers, one of the persons employed by Clark & Nightingale) convince me there is too great “a Mixture of Passion” with his proceedings to be a proper Judge in the Matter.
I receiv’d Your Excellency’s Verbal Orders at Wrights Mills to prepare provision for Five Thousand Men, this Order will be necessary to be known to the Court, And the Letters Written by General Sullivan to You, on the Subject of my Department will also be necessary—the sooner the Matter is finished the better, as the Opening of the Campaign will make it more difficult—I have no Expectation that my “Endeavours for a friendly Adjustment of the Matter,” will have any Effect, unless I condescend to bear patiently with whatever General Sullivan may please to say or do—My respect for Your Excellency, and my Wish to Avoid every thing that can add to Your Anxiety, and my Love of peace wou’d carry me great lengths—but I am sure You wou’d despise me, I shou’d despise myself, if I cou’d Cringe to the Man, who injures me or injures the Public, if I was to do so I have not influence enough to persuade either Mr Colt or Col. McClellan to do so—And if either of them, or any other person in my Department have done Wrong, I have not the most distant Wish to save them from the Disgrace they Meritt—General Sullivan has wrote to Governor Trumbull on the Subject of the prosecution of Capt. Sessions. And I have some, tho’ very little hopes, his Answer will end the Dispute—General Sullivan has complain’d of my Stopping the Stores bought by those he imploy’d, I never did so, or Order’d others to do it—And I have enquired carefully and find no instance of any such proceeding, And do not believe it ever has been done—I am at this Moment realy afraid the Army under the Command of General Sullivan have not Bread to Eat—And the present Snow, the Deepness of the Roads and the Scarcity of Flour, all conspire to make it very doubtfull when they will have. I have the Honor to be, With the Greatest Respect Your Excellency’s Most Obd. Humb. servt
Jereh Wadsworth Com. Gen. Purs.


Title: To George Washington from Ephraim Blaine, 16 March 1779
From: Blaine, Ephraim
To: Washington, George

May it please Your Excellency
Philadelphia March 16th 1779
Your Order to the Commissary General I receiv’d respecting the Magazines at Fort Pitt and Sunbury—and immediately gave the necessary Orders to my Assistants West of Susquehannah River for that purpose—Every Assistance shall be granted the Western Department with Provisions and have the pleasure to inform you that I hope it will be considerable, and that it will be in my power nearly to comply with your Order on the Susquehannah—and mean to set out next Friday to see this business properly executed and shall proceed as far as Winchester in Virginia before I return—My Success in executing this business I shall report to you immediately upon my return.
My doubts about being able to procure a plentiful Supply of Flour for our Army is very great—there are near seven Months before we can have any relief from the Crops now in the Ground—and indeed sorry I am to inform you that the scarcity of Grain is not so real as Artificial—Extortion seems generally to prevail with Mankind—Some from a desire of obtaining large prices hold back from Sale—Others from disaffection and dislike to our Currency. I am with due Respect Your Excellencys Most Obedient & Most humble Servant
Eph. Blaine D.C.G.P.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Thomas Clark, 16 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Clark, Thomas

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 16 March 1779
Colo. Pattens Regt is to march to such a post in the Highlands as Genl Mcdougal shall appoint, be pleased therefore to dispatch an Officer of that Regt to him near Peekskill to take his orders. Upon the return of the Officer the Regiment is to march immediately to the place of its destination. I am Sir Yr most obt Servt.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel John Crane, 16 March 1779
From: Crane, John
To: Washington, George

May it please your Excellency
Providence March 16th 1779
In Obedience to the directions contained in your letter of the 4th Instant for transmitting to Head Quarters my Claim of Rank in the Corps of Artillery, I herewith Send my Commission given by the State of Rhode Island in 1775, Also that of first Major in Colonel Knoxs Regiment in 1776, together with Some particulars Respecting them and the Rank of the Regiment under my Command.
In Consequence of the first mentioned Commission as will appear by it I was appointed to the Command of all the Artillery raised in the State of Rhode Island for the Campaign in 1775. which at first Consisted of Sixty men, but Complaining to the Assembly that the number of men I then had was not a Command equal to my Rank, they immediately order’d an Addition of forty men, thirty Seven of them I Soon got which made my particular Command Ninty Seven men, besides two Companies of Colo. Gridles Regiment that were Stationed at the Same post.
Your Excellency no doubt well Remembers the Circumstance of my Right of Succession to the Rank of Lieut. Colonel, on the Resignation of Lieut. Colonel Burbeck Some time early in the Campaign 1776 I Several Times mentioned the affair to General Knox and told him I thought myself injured, that the Vacancy was not then filled.
With Respect to the rank of the Regiment I can only Say that the principal officers who Compos’d it were those that had been in the Regiment of Artillery from the begining of the war and that it was the first Raised and brought into the field.
if the Board Should want any Explanations to any of the within I have no doubt General Knox will be able to explain it. I have the Honor to be your Excellencys most obedient humble Servant
John Crane


Title: To George Washington from James Duane, 16 March 1779
From: Duane, James
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Philad. 16th March 1779
Your Favour has been presented to the Committee of Conference. I beg you will do me the Justice to believe that my Zeal for the publick good—and may I be permitted to add—my Respect and Affection for your Excellency, will never suffer what you have at Heart to languish for Want of my best Exertions: Yet must I ask for Allowances for your Representatives, who are too much incumberd with a Weight of Business, always to act with the necessary Vigour and dispatch. you will find that most of the Acts you recommended are passed in Congress: Such as remain will I flatter myself be pushed thro’ by the End of the week. The Provision for the Waggoner’s is that which I like the least, being expensive beyond Bounds: it may however be necessary, & we must at so critical a Time submit; I do it the more chearfully as much is left to your Excellency. With the utmost Respect I am Dear Sir your Excellency’s most obedient humble Sert
Jas Duane


Title: To George Washington from William Duer, 16 March 1779
From: Duer, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
Phills Hill [N.J.] March 16th 1779
I feel myself obliged to you for the Intimation you have been kind enough to give me, on the Means necessary to be persued in order to have an Interveiw with Mr Elliot at Staten Island. Though the Resolution of Congress (to which I suppose your Excellency alludes) cannot, agreably to my Idea, be construed so rigorously as to Extend to my Application, yet as you conceive it in a different Point of Veiw, I would not wish to Sollicit an Indulgence which might Expose you Even to the Suspicion of an improper Discrimination—From this Consideration, and from an Apprehension that the Interveiw I proposed might (from the public Character I have lately Sustain’d) give to the Enemy an Opportunity of Assigning Reasons for it, injurious to the Interests of America, and perhaps to my own Character, I have resolved not to have a Meeting with Mr Elliott, but to Endeavor, by Some other Means, to communicate the Business I wish’d to converse with him on. I am with great Respect, Your Excellency’s Obedt Hble Servt
Wm Duer


Title: To George Washington from Major Thomas Forrest, 16 March 1779
From: Forrest, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Please Your Excellency
Philadelphia Ma[r]ch 16th—1779
Collonell Procter inform’s me it was Your Excellencys particular desire that the Officers of his Regt should give in their pretentions to Rank as Soon as possible. I cannot conceive from Your Excellency’s letter to me in March 1778 I have the least pretentions more than the date of my Commission.
Your Excellency there Assures me that the promotion of Lt Coll Popkin in no ways touch’d my honor that the Regts of Artillery were as distinct from each other as the troops of the different States were, that a promotion in Colls Lamb or Cranes Regt no more touch’d my honor than a promotion in the Maryland line Affected the honor of an Officer in the Virginia that we rose Regimentally.
But if the mode of Rising through the Brigade has Since been pointed out by Your Excellency or Genl Knox—I do myself the honor to Give Your Excellency the date’s of the present & former Commissions I have had the honor of wearing in the Service of my Country and at the same time request Your Excellency to Enquire into the propriety of Col. Popkins coming over me & am Confident Your Excellency will do me [e]very kind of Justice.
The first honor Confer’d on me was a Commission from the Councill of Safety as Capt. for the Defence of the River Deleware bearing date March 16—1776 at Which time the present Major Holmer was a serjant in the infantry Sept. 3d—1776 I was appointed to the Command of a Company of Artillery at Which time the prest Major Holmer was but Lt fire worker in the Virginia Artillery at Morristown I Receivd an Appointment of Major of Coll Procters Regt of Artillery which is the date of the Commission I have the honor now to hold in the Continentall Service—If any advantage can derive from being in the Militia I had the honor to Command A Company May 23d—1775 and Continued to Command till I enter the State Service.
I have had the honor of Serving as Captane, And Major under the immediate Command of Your Excellency & Gene’l Knox as I am not A Comp’tent Judge of my Own Meritts I submitt them to Your Excellencys better Judgment & refer Your Excellency to Generall Knox for particular at the Same time I have the honor to Subscribe my Self—with due Respect your Excellencys Most Obt Humbe servt
Thos Forrest


Title: To George Washington from Major General Horatio Gates, 16 March 1779
From: Gates, Horatio
To: Washington, George

Sir
Boston 16th March 1779:
Last Night I had the Honour to receive Your Excellencys Letter of the 6th Instant. The Man who undertakes the Indian Service, should enjoy Youth, & Strength; requisites I do not possess; it Therefore Grieves me Your Excellency should Offer me The only Command, to which I am intirely unequal; in Obedience to your Commands, I have forwarded Your Letter to General Sullivan, & that he may not be one moment detain’d, I have desired him to leave The Command with General Glover, until I arrive in providence, which will be in a few days—Your may be Assured of my Inviolable Secrecy, & that Your other directions shall be fullfilled. I am Sir Your most Obedient Humble Servant
Horatio Gates


Title: To George Washington from Henry Laurens, 16 March 1779
From: Laurens, Henry
To: Washington, George

Sir.
Philadelphia 16th March 1779.
I had the honor of addressing Your Excellency under the 2d Inst. this is chiefly intended to convey extracts of Letters which I received last night from Charles Town, these shew our affairs in the southern department in a more favorable light, than we had view’d them in, some few days ago—nevertheless the Country is greatly distressed & will be more so, unless further reinforcements are sent to its relief. had we Arms for 3000. such black Men as I could select in Carolina I should have no doubt of success in driving the British out of Georgia & subduing East Florida before the end of July.
The packet which Your Excellency sent to go by Capt. McQueen rests in my hands, probably it will pass through Camp under the protection of Mr Gerard who intends a journey through New Jersey in a few days, & tis equally probable Your Excellency will continue it under the same care. where Mr Gerard is going to, is a subject not to be talk’d of at present, & yet ’tis two to one Sir, that you have heard it.
Capt. McQueen is determined to return to Charles Town. he agrees with me in opinion, that the Packet will be in a fairer way for safety & dispatch in the Minister’s hand than in his.
I beg my respectful Compliments to Mrs Washington & that Your Excellency will believe that I continue with the highest respect & most sincere attachment Sir. Your obliged & obedt servt
Henry Laurens.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Alexander McDougall, 16 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

Sir
Head Quarters Middlebrook March 16th 1779
In order to supply the place of the drafts which you mentioned would leave you by the 1st of next Month—I have sent orders for the remainder of Poor’s Brigade (one regiment of which has been detached) and one of the North Carolina battalions (Patton’s) to march forthwith to reinforce the troops under your command. I have directed the Officer commanding the Carolina troops, previous to marching the regiment, to send an Officer to receive your orders for their precise destination.
In addition to these measures, to provide the better for the security of the posts under your command, I have written to Governor Clinton requesting him to make disposition for calling to your aid the neighbouring militia in the speediest manner in case of any sudden movement of the enemy your way; and to this end, I have recommended that he will concert with you, conventi[on]al signals and have beacons fixed at proper places to convey the alarm with rapidity through the country. I am unwilling to draw any militia into the field; but in the moment of absolute necessity.

As, by a late resolve of Congress, Colo. Malcom’s regiment and the regiment late Patten’s are to be incorporated with Spencer’s and Hartley’s, you will be pleased to have them held in readiness to march, though they will not move off ’till the other troops join you, and the season is a little more advanced; when you will receive further directions from me for the purpose. With great regard and esteem I am Dr Sir Your Most Obedt Servt
Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from James Mease, 16 March 1779
From: Mease, James
To: Washington, George

sir
Philada March 16 1779
The honorable Bd of War in obedience to your Excellency’s directions have ordered me to forward to Camp two thousand pr overhals one thousand shirts & one thousand pairs shoes—which are this day sent off.
They have also desired me to Acquaint your Excellency that should there by any more overhals wanted, they can be forwarded from hence immedeatly, there being ten thousand pairs ready, & that the Commissary at springfield had last month received upwards ten thousand shirts from which they wd order a supply to head Quarters. I have the honor to be with infinite respect your Exellencys’ most obdt Hble servt
James Mease C[lothie]r Gen.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 16 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

Dr Sir,
Head Quarters Middle Brook March 16 1779
In mine of the 6th I directed Hazen’s regiment to be detached towards the Co’os—on receipt of this, you will be pleased to send the remainder of Poor’s brigade to reinforce General McDougall. Near a thousand of the men who now compose his command are drafts whose time of service will expire by the first of next month. The importance of the Highland posts makes it absolutely necessary they should be replaced in time, and you will therefore not lose a moment in complying with this order. I am with great regard D. Sir Your obedt servant.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Philip Van Cortlandt, 16 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Cortlandt, Philip Van

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 16th March 1779
I recd your favr of the 22d ulto by your pay Master Mr Provost to whom I have granted a Warrant for the pay of your Regt up to February and one for 5000 dollars for reinlisting, in which I wish you success. I am in daily expectation of a return of our whole stock of Blankets in the different Stores, when I shall make an equal distribution of them, but I fear they will fall short of a sufficiency for the whole Army.
Be pleased to forward General Hands letter to him immediately by a trusty Messenger. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 16 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Wayne, Anthony

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 16 March 1779
I, a few days ago, recd the inclosed extract of a letter and Affidavits from Governor Livingston, which is all I know of the matter to which they relate.
As the Governor has called upon me in so pointed a manner to support the Civil authority, I am obliged to request you and Capt. Fish-bourne to attend any time between this and the 1st of April agreeable to his requisition. I am exceedingly sorry an Affair of this disagreeable nature should have happened as I am with great Regard Dear Sir Your most obt Servt.
Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 17 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Wednesday March 17th 79.
Parole Indostan.C. Signs Newbury. Korson.

After orders March 17th—Major General Lord-Stirling’s division to be held in readiness to march at a moment’s warning with two days provision and their blankets.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Thomas Clark, 17 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Clark, Thomas

Sir,
Head Quarters Middle Brook March 17. 79
I have received intelligence that the enemy on Staten Island are in motion—and appear as if they were on the point of some expedition. These appearances may either mean an operation in this quarter or may be only a feint to cover a design against some other. You will therefore be vigilant and hold yourself in readiness to act as circumstances may require. This is an additional motive for dispatching the regiment, which in my letter of yesterday, I directed you to send to reinforce General McDougall. I am Sir Your most Obedt servt.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 17–24 March 1779
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

Sir
[c.17-c.24 March 1779]
I have carefully looked over General Schuylers plan for an Indian expedition; and tho I think many of his observations are just, yet I am perswaded it will be attended with more risque and expence and be less certain of success, than if the Expedition is carryed on by the way of the Susquehannah.
There is six great objects to be taken into consideration in the plan of the expedition—The force that is necessary—the hazzard they will run—The time for execution—The expence incident to the plan; and the certainty of execution.
I think a moments reflection will convince any body that the Route by the Oneyda Lakes will require a greater force and be exposd to more hazzards than the Susquehannah Route; besides it appears to me to be entering the Enemys country at one corner; and from the best accounts I can get very remote from the Seneca Indians which is the principal object of the expedition.
The difficulty of geting up Stores and provisions up the Mohawk River from Albany to Fort Schuyler are very considerable. The difficulty and expence of crossing into Wood Creek is also considerable. The Navigation down the Creek into Lake Oneyda is slow and tedious; and upon the whole after you have past the Lake and the Onondago River you are as remote or more so from the great body of the Senecas than you would be at Tioga. The great object of the expedition should be to give the Indians a severe chastiseing; any thing short of that will not compensate for the trouble and expence in preparing for the expedition. I have no doubt the Indians will be glad to come to terms when they see we are about to enter their Country in good earnest; but unless their pride is broke down and they sufficently humbled; Little benefit will result from any Nogotiations that may take place. The British will soon spirit them up to commit the same depradations again as they did the last Campaign; Therefore I think the plan of the expedition should be founded upon the principle of chastiseing and humbleing the pride of the Indians; and not trust to the uncertain advantages of a negotiation.
I think it will be wrong for us to take any measures with the hopes of surprising the Enemy, when those measures interfere with the main design. Our force will be too large and the movements too slow to effect a surprise upon a people who keeps such a good look out.
The greatest objection I have to the route by the way of the Oneyda Lake is the contiguity to the Ontario. We have great reason to expect the Enemy will attempt to support the Indians; Indeed we have it from pretty good Authority that reinforcements came up the Saint Lawrence last fall for the purpose. Should any considerable force be at Fort Frontenac when our Army has past the Onondago River they may easyly take post upon that River and totally cut off the Water communication and consequently the supplys of Stores and provisions. This will enevitably halt the Army to dislodge them; as it would be dangrous to push forward while the supplys were so precarious and a retreat so insecure. To halt the Army will delay the expedition and to divide the force will be to hazzarding a defeat: Therefore I think the Rout ineligible, for should we dislodge the Enemy from the Banks of the Onondaga they can easily retire to their Shiping and as soon as our Army attempts to move on into the Indian Country they will return and play the same game over again.
The Stockade Forts altho they will considerably diminish our force, will answer no other purpose than that of giving security to Stores within the command of the Works.
General Schuyler proposes the Troops to move in two directions part by Land and part by Water and to form a junction at the Cayuga. The Troops that are to move by land are first to determin whether the Enemy are in force upon the Onondago before those in the Battauex moves forward. Suppose the Enemy should be found in force and our strength divided what may be the consequence of the discovery. This division appears to me to be without an object. If the Enemy is found in force the experiment is dangerous. If they are not in force there is nothing gaind.
The route appears to me to be long and tedious and so divided between land and Water carriage that it will require double preparations to enable the Army to move with ease and security. There should be a sufficient number of Boats for crossing the Lakes, Rivers &ca. There must also be a proper number of Pack Horses sufficent to carry provision enough for the whole force after they leave the Cayuga; for such a length of Time as will be necessary to execute the plan of the expedition. This is indispensably necessary in order to execute the main design; but it will be found prudent upon another consideration, which is, supposing the Army to be defeated and the retreat cut off by the way which it enterd the Country unless it has provisions to move with it, in any direction that necessity may oblige it to take. The Troops may run the risque of starveing. I therefore conceive the number of Pack Horses proposd by General Schyler to be totally inadequate to the support and security of the Army.
I cannot think the General has allowed sufficent Time for the movements of the Army upon such a difficult Rout where the natural and physical obstructions are so great. I am perswaded from common accidents it will take a third more Time at least. And I should not be surprisd if the expedition should terminate with a few little brushes with the Onondagaes and Tuscaroras should it be enterd upon by the Rout the General recommends.
General Schuyler observes that the Susquehannah is a very shoal rapid and difficult Navigation. This dont appear to be a fact from the best intelligence I have been able to obtain.
The Navigation is said to be exceeding good from Sunbury up to Tioga; and from the Time you leave Sunbury until you arrive at Tioga the Navigation grows better and better.
The route by the Susquehannah appears to me to be every way preferable to that which is recommended by Schuyler. The Stores can be convey’d to the borders of the Indian Country at a much less expence The approches to the Seneca Country much less difficult and complex—the distance much shorter and the retreat infinitely more secure; in case of a defeat.
There being a greater quantity of Flour consum’d upon the North River and to the Eastward of that, than that Country affords. If the Expedition goes on by the way of Fort Schuyler the flour will be, to be transport from Pennsylvania; which will be attended with no small expence. I only mention this as a remote circumstance not as a capital objection.
Upon the whole I think the expedition may be carryed on by the way of the Susquehannah with a less force than by the other route; because the Troops may act more compactly; & there will be no necessity for leaving so many Stockaded forts in the rear for preserving the communication.
The hazard and fatigue will be less. The time shorter and the execution more certain. And when you add to this the great saving in point of expence I think there is no room to doubt which is the properest route to be made choice of.
General Schuyler proposes to alarm the fears of the people of Canada; by cuting Timber upon Lake George which will lead to a belief of an intended expedition by the way of Lake Champlain. I am perswaded he is entirely mistaken in his expectations of alarming the Enimy by such preparations; for should they be ever so fully convinced of such a design they would laugh at the scheme as impracticable.
I think the plan your Excellency has already adopted is infinitely preferable; because the Enemy knows they are vulnerable that way; and will take the alarm accordingly.
I really expect some very considerable advantages from the Cohos Manoeuver; but from the other I should expect none; for I am perswaded it would be what the Enimy would wish.
The plan which General Schuyler proposes for surprising the Onondagas I think eligible; and worth attempting. A scheme of this sort may be executed with a degree of secrecy and dispach that will give well grounded hopes for success.
Should it fail I dont apprehend any very bad consequences from it.
I give it clearly as my opinion that every farthing expence that is incurd in geting Ship timber and plank upon the North River for the purpose of building upon Lake Ontario will be totally lost; as the expence and difficulty of transportation will be greater, than that of geting it all out of the rough, upon the borders of the Lake, where it is to be had in great plen⟨t⟩y. I am with the most perfect esteem Your Excellencys Most Obedient humble Sert
Nath. Greene


Title: To George Washington from John Jay, 17 March 1779
From: Jay, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia 17th March 1779
I have the Honor of transmitting to your Excellency herewith enclosed a copy of an Act of Congress of the 16th Inst., for enlisting a Corps of Waggoners—And am With the greatest Respect & Esteem—Your Excellency’s Most Obedt & Hble Servt.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Maxwell, 17 March 1779
From: Maxwell, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
Elizth Town [N.J.] 17th March 1779
Your Excellencys Favour of the 15th Inst. did not arive before 11 oclock to day.
I have had Accounts to day by a person from New York that Admiral Gambier Sailed out of the Hook the latter end of the week for Rhode Island; and on saturday last 13 Transports with a good number of small craft besides sailed up the sound it is supposed that there is 3000 Troops on the East end of Long Island and that a large part of them is to go on board the Transports gone up the sound and then to proceed on some expedition supposed to the East ward of Rhode Island. We have several people in New York that would give us intiligence but we have none that will attempt to go for it; those that have gone formerly have been presented at the last Court, and Bills found against them; they denyed the charges but are bound to the next Court so that we cannot get them to move The person, under the Carracter of Z is out some time ago. I think he lives at Brunswick Viz. Costican. I shall endeavour to have a correspondance established if possable. and am Your Excellency’s Most Obedt Humble Servant
Wm Maxwell
½ past 1 oclock P.M. N.B. it is supposed that Lord Rodden is to command the land Forces on the Expedition to the East ward or where ever they are going.
Mr Boudenot Commissary of Prisoners for the State desires to have a Flag to carry into New York: or 12 barrels of Flour and three or four quarters of Beef. I recd the Papers from Mr McHenry which will put me out of debt with my Neighbours.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Alexander McDougall, 17 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

Sir,
Head Quarters Middle Brook March 17th 1779
I received intelligence last night, that the enemy on Staten Island are in motion, with more than usual demonstration and parade. This may intend an incursion into the Jerseys, or it may be meant to cover an expedition elsewhere—possibly against the posts under your command. I therefore think it necessary to communicate to you the intelligence, I have received to put you upon your guard and that you may accelerate the succours pointed out in my letter of yesterday.
Should you get information that the enemy have made a movement this way in force—I would recommend it to you, in concurrence with General Putnam, to march as large a body of troops as can be spared towards Kings-bridge, to give an alarm there and create a diversion in our favour; but this must be done with so much caution, as not to endanger the important posts under your command. I am Dr Sir Your most Obedt servt
Go: Washington
P.S. You will forward the inclosed to General Putnam—who is directed to give the most immediate succor should the effort be directed up the north river.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 17 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

Sir
Hd Qrs Middlebrook 17 March 1779
I recd intelligence last night, that the enemy on Staten Island are in motion with a more than usual demonstration and parade—This may intend an incursion into the Jersey’s—or it may be ment to cover an expedition elsewhere—possibly against the posts at the Highlands—I therefore think it necessary to communicate to you the intelligence, that you may accellerate the remainder of Gen. Poor’s Brigade to the Highlands.
Should you get information that the enemy have made a movement this way in force, I would recommend it to you in concurrence with Genl McDougall, to march as large a body of troops as can be spared towards Kingsbridge to give an alarm there and create a diversion in our favor but this must be done cautiosly and with great consideration on the part of General McDougall—I have written to Genl McDougall on this subject, and am sir &c.
P.S. Should the effort of the enemy be up the North River—you will give the most determined and immediate succor to the posts on the Highlands as so much depends on their security.

Go: W.


Title: General Orders, 18 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook thursday March 18th 1779.
Parole Missisippi—C. Signs Lehi—Millstone.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Burke and Henry Laurens, 18 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry,Burke, Thomas

Gentlemen,
Head Quarters Middle Brook March 18th 79
I am honored with your letter of the 15th with its inclosures—and shall with pleasure give you my opinion on the points which you have been pleased to suggest.
With respect to the negotiation on the subject of an Exchange of Prisoners—I think the propositions held out on our part are substantially right, and, on general principles of justice and policy ought to be adhered to—How far the particular situation of our prisoners in the hands of the enemy may make it an object of humanity to deviate General Lincoln who is on the spot can best judge. If any arrangements can be made for their supply and accommodation, which will render their condition tolerable, I should think it wrong to depart from any thing that has been proposed.
I am inclined to think with the Committee, that in the present stage of the controversy, the exchange of citizens is impolitic and affords a temp[t]ation to the enemy to distress that part of the society more than they might otherwise do. The subjecting them to captivity is, I apprehend contrary to common practice, except with respect to such as are acting in particular civil offices immediately connected with military duties, as the governors of garrison towns and the like. The Committee however will recollect, that a proposition made to General Howe early in 76, by the direction of Congress, admits the exchange of citizen for citizen. Whether that agreement is to be supposed in force, at this time, after the numerous disputes which have existed, and the change of British commanders—is a question which perhaps interest and convenience will decide. At any rate I should think it unwise to revive the principle by a new agreement, if it can be avoided; and still more to extend it, by admitting distinctions of rank and station, which were not comprehended in the original cartel. But the final difference in the present negociation does not appear to have rested on this point. It seems to have been given up in the latter conference, so far as to be referred to Commissioners appointed by his Britannic Majesty and the respective states; though perhaps silence on this head would have been preferable. The matter u[l]timately in dispute, arises on the 7th article; where our Commissioner proposes, that after the prisoners to the Southward should have been exchanged as far as they would go—the Northern prisoners to complete the ballance, should be deliverd at the most contiguous posts of the power receiving—The British commissioner would have them delivered as near as possible to the Head Quarters of the contracting parties; but offers as the ultimatum to receive the ballance which may be due them at Cape Fear in North Carolina, for an equal number to be delivered at the same place.
The object on our side, is to procrastinate a reinforcement by delivering their prisoners in this quarter—on their side it is to accelerate it, by receiving them in a more direct channel. The mode of delivery proposed is a fair general rule and accords with the present situation of our Southern affairs. An additional reason for adhering to it is, that by the same Article the prisoners are to have their baggage conveyed to the place of exchange at the expence of the power conveying them—This will be to our disadvantage, as we shall have in general a much greater transportation to make than the enemy; and it is therefore our interest to deliver at their most contiguous posts.
Upon the whole, I should imagine, that instead of going into any formal terms of a Cartel, it might be as well, to endeavour to satisfy the present exigency by temporary expedients—to exchange such prisoners as are in the southern district to the extent of their relative numbers—and to make effectual provision for supplying those who remain. I suppose there is a Commissary of prisoners there with sufficient powers—if not, it will be necessary to appoint one. I prefer this plan; because in obedience to the late resolve of Congress—I have proposed a meeting of Commissioners to settle a general Cartel—and though I am apprehensive the enemy may frustrate the negotiation if it takes place, by insisting on terms too disadvantageous to be admitted—yet as it may succeed, it would perhaps be adviseable to wait the event before any partial Cartel is formed elsewhere. It will be best to have a general one operating every where on the same principles.
The Committee also wish to be informed “whether any reinforcements of regular troops can be spared to the Southern department and if, in my opinion, any be necessary.” When I was in Philadelphia—I had the honor of delivering my ideas fully on the first part of this inquiry to The Committee of Conference. I still continue in the same sentiment. I am clear that no part of the army can be spared from this quarter. After we have made the detachment intended for the Indian expedition, and the drafts, whose time of service is expired and expiring have left us, the remaining force will be so inconsiderable as to afford real cause of uneasiness for the consequences—Our prospect of speedily replacing those who leave us is not over flattering; and to reduce our force still more by a detatchment to the Southward would be in my judgment altogether unjustifiable. There is another weighty objection to the measure. A great part of the troops sent from here would be dissipated by sickness and desertion; in so long a march; and the remainder would not arrive in less than three months from the time of marching allowing for impediments of weather—and other delays incident to the movement of a body of troops.
With respect to the necessity of a reinforcement of regular troops—I clearly give it as my opinion that it will be improper to rely upon the militia, and that every exertion ought to be made in the neighbouring states, to raise a force equal to the demand of a more firm and permanent composition; This can only be done, in time, by a draft; which should be made for as long a term of service as the governments have energy sufficient to effect. North and South Caralina should endeavour to complete their batalions on the establishment in this way; and to raise as many more men as they possibly can, to answer this particular emergency. The former has only three batalions with this army one of which being composed [of] 9 Months men will soon come to a dissolution. If the war continues any time in the Southern country, unless there should be some sudden stroke of good fortune—Militia will certainly be incompetent to its defence. With the greatest respect & esteem—I have the honor to be Gentlemen Yr Most Obedt servant.
I return you herewith the papers inclosed in your letter.


Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 18 March 1779
From: Clinton, George
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir,
Poughkeepsie [N.Y.] 18th March 1779
I have had the Honor of receiving your Excellency’s Letters of the 4th & 6th Instant, and am happy in being thereby enabled to give such general Assurances of Protection to the frontier Inhabitants, as I have Reason to hope will prevent their deserting their Settlements. This your Excellency may be assured will be done with the utmost regard to that Secrecy which is necessary to ensure Success in offensive Operations, and therefore the greatest Care will be taken not to give them the most remote Idea of any such Intention.
The Legislature before they adjourned empowered me to embody one thousand Men for the defence of the northern and western Frontiers or such other Service as I should judge proper to employ them in. This was the most they conceived the State (under its present distressed Situation) was able to raise, and the greater part of them were intended to join the Troops to be employed in defensive Operations against the Savages. Since the rising of the Legislature I have received the Resolve of Congress for filling up the continental Battalions; and this will put me under the Necessity of taking at least one half of these Levies for the purpose, as it would be impracticable to convene the Legislature in Season to make any new Provision for that Service even tho’ our Circumstances would admit of it.
I do not imagine we shall be able to derive any considerable Force from the Inhabitants whose Settlements have been destroyed—Their Losses and consequent Distresses are so great that it requires their utmost Industry to support their Families, and the Pay in the Army, considering the depreciated State of our Currency, would not be compentent for this Purpose. The most of their young Men are already engaged in the continental Battalion’s. Some however, from a Desire of revenge for their Losses, will at all events engage and the Neighbourhoods that have been less distressed will furnish a considerable Proportion, who, being as well acquainted with the Country will be equally serviceable.
In order to deceive the Enemy into a belief that we intend acting on the Defensive only, I submit to your Excellency the propriety of erecting one or two small Posts on the nearest navigable Waters of the Susquehanna—they would not only answer the above Purpose but serve also as a security to the Settlements and of course induce the Militia to engage in the Service with greater alacrity. I am not sufficiently acquainted with the Country to determine with certainty the particular Places best calculated for such Posts; but from the general Idea I have of the Country I am lead to believe that Unadilla and where the Susquehanna empties out of the Lakes West of Cherry Valley would be the most eligible. These Posts might be maintained by Militia at least while the other Troops were employed in offensive Operations. I have the Honor to be, with the highest Esteem and Regard, Dear Sir Your Excellency’s most Obedt Servt
Geo: Clinton


Title: General Orders, 19 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook friday March 19th 1779.
Parole Westmoreland—C. Signs Ulmen. Tweer.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Benedict Arnold, 19 March 1779
From: Arnold, Benedict
To: Washington, George

Dear General,
Philadelphia, 19th March 1779
When you were so kind as to permit me to resign my Command in this City, and retire from the Service until recovered of my Wounds, I expected to have done it immediately; but the Villianous Attacks made on my Character, by the President and Council of this State in their Publications, made it necessary for me to continue in the Command until their Charges were cleared up, or resign under the Idea of Compulsion & Disgrace—A Committee of Congress having reported in my Favor, that Objection ceases; I have therefore, in Consequence of your Excellency’s Permission, resigned my Command to Brigadier General Hogan. As soon as my Wounds will permit I shall be happy to take a Command in the Line of the Army, and at all Times of rendering my Country every Service in my Power.
I expect Congress will determine in a Day or Two, on the Report of the Committee, when I will do myself the Honor of transmitting the whole Proceedings to your Excellency. I have the Honor to be, with my most respectful Compliments to Mrs Washington, Your Excellency’s most obedient, & very humble Servant
B. Arnold


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Henry Jackson, 19 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jackson, Henry

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 19th March 1779
I have this day recd a representation signed by yourself and several other Gentlemen in behalf of the Officer’s and Soldier’s of the detachment under your command. I shall agreeable to your desire lay it before Congress, and inform you of their determination as soon as I am furnished with it.
The three Regiments are incorporated agreeable to an arrangement which I send to Genl Sullivan by this Conveyance. There are some dates of Commissions wanting which I have desired him to procure, and which when obtained will enable the Board of War to issue new Commissions. The Officers are immediately [to] take post agreeable to the Arrangement, and you had best level the Companies at the same time. I am &c.


Title: From George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 19 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 19th March 1779.
I have your favs. of the 3d and 9th instants. It gives me pleasure to hear that the mutiny of which General Varnum informed me some time ago was not so serious a matter as he seemed to apprehend and represented.
I cannot see any reason for applying to me to order a Court of Enquiry into the Conduct of Colo. Jackson at Monmouth, when the power of appointing General Courts Martial is (by a Resolve of Congress of the 14th April 1777 making some additions to and Alterations in the Articles of War) vested in the Continental General commanding in either of the American States for the time being.
Inclosed you have the arrangement of Colo. Jacksons Regt agreeable to which the Officers are to take their posts. A few dates are wanting, and the name of the 8th Lieutenant. Be pleased to have them filled up and the list returned, that Commissions may issue. I am Dear Sir Your most obt Servt
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Edward Wigglesworth, 19 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Wigglesworth, Edward

Sir,
Head Quarters. Middle Brook 19th March 1779.
I yesterday recd the inclosed Resolve of Congress accepting your resignation and directing me to give you a Certificate of your services, which I also inclose—I hope your success in the line of life which you are about to pursue will fully compensate for the losses you have sustained in the service of your Country and am Sir Your most obt Servt
Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 20 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook saturday March 20th 1779.
Parole Stockholm—C. Signs Romney. Pyrmont.

The following extract of a resolve of Congress is to be strictly observed in future by all officers of the line and staff.
In Congress March 5th 1779.

Whereas it will be necessary that in future certificates be more formally authenticated to prevent many inconveniencies which may arise similar to those already experienced.
Resolved. That certificates hereafter given by commission’d officers for articles received for the use of the Army be signed with their names at full length, and the rank they hold, & if under a General officer, that the regiment to which they belong be added: That the particular articles received be inserted in the body of the certificate, their value, the time when, and place where received in letters, not figures.
That the certificates be directed to the principal of the department whose duty it is to provide the Articles so received or his nearest deputy; Separate certificates to be given whensoever the articles appertain to several departments.
That officers keep exact copies of the certificates they give and transmit other copies to the nearest deputy or agent in the department giving him the necessary information respecting the business.
That the deputies transmit copies of all the certificates they pay to their principals that inquiry may be made whether the giving the certificates was necessary for the public service and whether the things received have been properly applied.


Title: To George Washington from Major Daniel Burchardt, 20 March 1779
From: Burchardt, Daniel
To: Washington, George

Sir
Minisink [N.Y.] March 20th 1779
Received your Excellancy, letter dated 26 Ult.; concerning, the Cathridges, that was furnished, the German, Battalion, I left, the Regiment, at Fish Kills, Colo. Weltner, was the, Commanding Officer—several times, large party’s, where Detached, up the North River, in collecting Farage for the Use, of the Army, in Exceeding bad Weather, which was, the Ocasion, of a Quantity, of Cathridges being, Destroyed, a party, was sent, to mend the, Road, in Connecticut State, there Arms, Ammunition where, in the Waggon, which Occasioned, a Number to be lost, in Escorting, the Convention Troops, a Quantity, where Damaged, not fit for use, two Boxes of Damaged, Cathridges, where Deposited, in the Waggon, which did not follow, in Eight Days, after our Marching—through the, neglect of the Guard, where lost, I called on the, Officers conce[r]ning, the Firring, of the Cathridges, at Easton, on New Year Eave, theey blame, Capt. Rice—am, Exceeding Unhappy, to Inform your Excellancy, of any Delinquency, in Any, Officar Under my Command, when I cam, to the Regiment they had, but a few Cathridges, I Applyed to the Board of War, for a Supply, they granted it. I am Your Excellancy Most Obedient Humble Servt
Daniel Burchardt


Title: To George Washington from Robert Erskine, 20 March 1779
From: Erskine, Robert
To: Washington, George

May it please your Excellency
Ringwood [N.J.] March 20th 1779
As the Supreme Court is now sitting near Pompton, for the tryal of Criminals, some of whom were concerned in the robbery of my house, I have no doubt of your excuse for not coming along with the papers and Drawings of my Department, to provide Quarters; I have however sent them All by Capt. Scull, who will look out for accommodations as convenient and agreeable to your Excellencys directions as possible: They should have been sent sooner had I not been delayed a greater while at Albany than I expected, where I was under the necessity of going to recieve Interest, and to deposit some Called in Currency at the Loan Office; Coll Malcome therefore returned about a week before I got back.
Mean time, while at Albany, I enquired after maps and surveys which might be of Service—One Surveyor has engaged to Compile a Plan of Albany County, from his own and other surveys in his possession; besides which, I expect to procure several other useful plans; particularly Copies of the North and West Branches of Hudsons River surveyed to their sourses; a survey of the same river taken on the Ice, from some miles above Albany to about 40 miles below it; A Map which belonged to Sr Wm Johnston Along the Mohouk River to Oswego, Compiled from Actual Surveys &c. All which I took the liberty to say would prove acceptable to your Excellency, as from them perhaps a better Plan of the Northren parts may be formed, than any hitherto Extant.
With respect to some Convention Officers seeing the Maps, I beg leave to Observe, that should it have been so represented to your Excellency, as if I had made a public Exhibition of them, my prudence at least might well be called in question; the Fact however was far otherwise, and is simply this. The Only Convention Officer I ever saw was a Majr Noble Aid de Camp to Genl Phillips, who last winter was recommended to the Civilities of my house in his rout to your Exys Quarters: he enquired for me, and was shewn into the room where I was drawing, without his being known for a British Officer till he introduced himself: I happened then to be laying down the road from Chester to this place which he had just travelled over, and speaking of the distance he had come that morning, he cast his Eye over my drawing (which was the Contraction of 2 Miles to an Inch) and Observed it was the only plan he had seen which bore any resemblance to the Face of the Country: The only map of mine therefore he saw, was that before me; for on his Enquiring further into his rout, and the distance he had to go, I produced him Montresors & Hollands Maps, which he had often seen before; he staid dinner and went as far as Pompton that evening. With the greatest respect I am May it Please your Excellency Your most Obedient and most humble Servant
Robt Erskine


Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 20 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

Sir
Head Quarters Middlebrook 20th March 1779
I am honored by yours of the 12th and 14th insts. with their inclosures. Colonel Wigglesworths certificate is transmitted to him; and I have published such parts of the resolve of the 5th, for payment of certificates given to the inhabitants for supplies, as relate to the future conduct to be observed by the officers of the line and staff.
I take the liberty of laying before congress a representation addressed to me by Col. Jackson and others in behalf of the officers and soldiers of Henleys, Lee’s and Jacksons regiments, now incorporated into one, under the command of Col. Jackson.
The difficulties under which they labor upon their present establishment are so fully pointed out, that it is needless for me to enlarge on this subject. Should Congress grant their request by allowing the State of Massachusetts to consider them as part of their quota, it would be attended with this inconvenience to the public—a battalion would be added without any real increase of men; but on the other hand, unless some mode can be adopted to place what remains of the 16 battalions on an equal footing, with the battalions belonging to the States, it is hardly to be supposed that the men will be contented, or that the officers will continue in the service.
Whether there is any better mode than suffering the different States in which they were raised, to consider them as part of thier allotted quota I leave with Congress to determine. I shall only add, if these regiments are to be kept up, this method seems best calculated to give satisfaction, and will in the end be attended with no additional expence; If some state does not undertake to supply them at a rate proportionate to their pay, the public must.
The arrangement for want of which the memorialists complain, has since gone forward to them.
I return by this conveyance the proceedings of the court martial held at Fort Pitt, on Col. Steel D. Q. Mr Genl. If I am not mistaken they were sent to me for my opinion rather than my approbation or disapprobation of the sentence. I shall therefore only say, that from the face of the evidence the sentence ought in my opinion to be confirmed. I have the honor to be with great respect Your Excellency’s most hble servt
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 20 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

Dear Sir
Middlebrook Mar. 20th 1779
I have to thank you and I do it very sincerely, for your obliging favors of the 2d & 16 Inst. & for their several inclosures, containing Articles of intelligence.
I congratulate you most cordially on Colo. Campbells precipitate retreat from Fort Augusta—what was this owing to—it seems to have been a surprize even upon Williamson. But I rejoice much more on acct of his disappointed application to the Creek Indians—this I think is to be considered as a very important event and may it not be the conjectural cause of his (Campbells) hasty return—this latter circumstance cannot but be a fresh proof to the disaffected in that Country that they are leaning upon a broken Reed. severe examples should in my judgment be made of those who are aggressors in this way the second time.
The policy of our arming Slaves is in my opinion a moot point, unless the enemy set the example, for should we begin to form Battalions of them I have not the smallest doubt (if the war is to be prosecuted) of their following us in it, and justifying the measure upon our own ground. The upshot then must be who can Arm fastest—and where are our Arms? besides I am not clear that a descrimination will not render Slavery more irksome to those who remain in it—Most of the good and evil things of this life are judged of by comparison, and I fear comparison in this Case will be productive of Much discontent in those who are held in servitude—but as this is a subject that has never employed much of my thoughts, these are no more than the first crude Ideas that have struck me upon the occasion.

I had [not] the smallest intimation of Monsr Gerards passing through Jersey till I was favoured with your letter and am now ignorant of this cause further than by conjecture. The inclosed I return as Mr Laurens left this some days ago for Philadelphia on his way to the Southward.
Mrs Washington joins me in respectful compliments to you & with every sentiment of regard & attachment. I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt Servt
Go. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Alexander McDougall, 20 March 1779
From: McDougall, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Sir
Head Quarters Pecks Kill [N.Y.] March 20th 1779
I was honored in due Season, with your Favors of the 9th 14th and 25th Ultimo; and the 6th 16th and 17th Instant. All that can be done, to defeat the Object of the Enemy, if he intends up this River will be done.

I have waited for a leisure Moment, to give particular Answers to all your Commands; as well as to report in Detail, the State of the Works, and every Department at these Posts—But the pressing Duties of the Post, have hitherto prevented me.
I have during three Campaigns, fully marked your Ideas of Service, and those, which relate to these Posts, and I think I perfectly understand them—And I am happy, that they generally agree with my own.
You may be assured, the Enemy have some important movement in Contemplation; but the Object is very uncertain. From the Comparison I made, in my own mind, of his Condition and our’s, the Object he must have in View, and those, which obviously are our Interest; I think the Grand Army, or the Ships at New London, is his present Object. But this does not slacken, our attention or Vigilance at these Posts.
I shall give you secret Intelligence, by one of your Expresses, which I detain for the purpose. The necessary Arrangments prevent my doing it this moment. I am with great Truth and Regard Your Excellency’s most Obedient and most humble Servant
Alexr McDougall
P.S. The State of flour, has obliged me to lessen the Ration of Flour, for obvious Reasons, which I hope will meet you⟨r⟩ approbation—But in Justice to thos⟨e⟩ Troops, the Corps to the Eastward of us should be on the same allowance.


Title: From George Washington to Gouverneur Morris, 20 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Morris, Gouverneur

Dear Sir
Middle brook Mar. 20th—79.
I have received your favor of the 14th Instt by Colo. Morgan, and have had a good deal of conversation with him respecting our affairs to the Westward.
I wish matters had been more prosperously conducted under the command of Genl McIntosh—This Gentlemn was in a manner a stranger to me, but during the time of his residence at Valley forge I had imbibed a good opinion of his good sense—attention to duty—and disposition to correct public abuses—qualifications much to be valued in a seperate, & distant command.
To these considerations were added (and not the least) his disinterested concern with respect to the disputes which had divided, & distracted the Inhabitants of that Western world—and which would have rendered an Officer from either Pensv. or Virga improper, while none could be spared from any other state with so much convenience as McIntosh.
He is now coming away, and the second in command, Brodhead (as there will be no military operation of consequence to be conducted) will succeed him—but, once for all, it may not be amiss for me to conclude with this observation—That, with such means as are provided, I must labour. I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt Servt
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Timothy Pickering, 20 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Pickering, Timothy

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 20th March 1779.
I have the honor of yours of the 13th instant inclosing a Copy of a letter from Colo. Brodhead with an estimate of the Stores necessary for an expedition against Detroit—As there is no probability of an attempt upon that post at this time, I should not think it prudent to send the Artillery required and necessary Stores just now, but as we do not know what an unlooked for turn in the affairs of the enemy may enable us to undertake I think it will be good policy to have such a train prepared at Carlisle which may be moved forward should circumstances require it—The Quarter Master and Commy General have given directions and are making the necessary preparations in their respective departments.
I imagine that the quantities of Shoes, Shirts, Overalls and hunting Shirts which you propose to send up, were calculated upon a supposition that a larger force would be employed to the Westward than there really will. If you form your estimates of Cloathing upon the supply of 800 Men it will be sufficient. You will, I dare to say, agree with me, that our magazines at that distance should contain nothing superfluous.
In my several conferences with the Committee of Congress it was evident that they wished upon the present prospect of Affairs to decrease rather than increase the Cavalry on account of the immense expence and difficulty of their subsistence. I would not therefore encourage Colo. White to inlist any new Recruits. If the Regiment has any spare Horses they will be wanted to remount Baylor’s Dragoons who lost most of theirs when surprized last Fall.
I have just recd a letter from Mr Mease informing me that he has forwarded 2000 pair Overhalls—1000 shirts and 1000 pair of shoes. He says should more overhalls be wanting he has 10,000 pair ready. As it will be sometime before the season will admit of that kind of cloathing being worn, I would not wish them to be sent forward yet—but as many shirts and shoes as can be procured—Be pleased to order what Blankets are in the Cloathiers Store to be forwarded to Camp. Many of the Men are destitute and all those who go upon the Indian Expedition must be supplied with that Article. I have the honor &.


Title: From George Washington to Peter Scull, 20 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Scull, Peter

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 20th March 1779
I have your favs. of the 15th and 18th instants, with the latter, the Commissions for the Jersey Brigade and 1st and 2d North Carolina Regiments came safe.
Capt. Ogdens Commission in the 1st Jersey Regt bears date 2d Feby 1779.
There was a mistake in the Rank of the Capt. Lieut. and three oldest Lieutenants of the 1st Carolina Regt—It stands truely as follows.

Robt Varner
Capt. Lieut.
8th March 1777

James King.
Lieut: No. 1.
   3d April 1777

Robt Nicholson
  do  2.
   19 April 1777

J. G. Scull
  do 3.
   26 April 1777

I have altered the Commissions accordingly, and you will be pleased to make the same alterations in your list of the Army.
By this Conveyance I transmit the Arrangement of the Virginia line compleated. Those Officers who are prisoners are distinguished from the others, and I do not think there is any occasion of transmitting their Commissions at present, as there may possibly be a change in their rank before they are liberated. Those of the Officers in service will be very acceptable as soon as possible. I am &.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Stirling, 20 March 1779
From: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
March 20: 1779.
I have had the feild Officers of the Militia of the Counties of Somerset and Middlesex with me Yesterday & this day and have Setled with them their posts to Assemble at in Case of Alarm as in paper No. l. enclosed, and propose to write to the Officers of the Other Counties If your Excely approves of it. I have also Consulted them on the Most proper Method & places for Signals and have agreed on the first Eight in paper No. 2. If your Excellency approves of these being errected, the Adjutant Genl May tomorrow Morning give the Necessary Orders—pointed out in paper No. 3. I shall be at head Quarters tomorrow & in the Meantime—will Instruct the Guides Necessary to Shew the places to the parties I am your Excellency’s Most Humble Servant
Stirling,


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Theodorick Bland, 21 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Bland, Theodorick

Sir
Hd Qrs Middlebrook 21st March 1779
I received your favor of the 22d with the list of the officers of the regiment and the return.
As subsisting the horse is become a matter of much difficulty, congress may not & I believe do not think it convenient to increase their number under present circumstances—On this consideration the officers actually belonging to your regiment, I would suppose fully adequate to its duties.
The promotions will take place in the order of the vacancies: And the Gentlemen which you mention for commissions will no doubt claim proper attention agreeable to your recommendation, should the regiment be completed. An application for clothing must be made to the board of war. You may send the pattern down by a non-commissioned officer, And As it will be some time before the Clothing can be finished, he need not wait at Philadelphia on expence but return when it may be suppose[d] it will be in readiness. I am &.
G.W.


Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 21 March 1779
From: Clinton, George
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir.
Poughkeepsie [N.Y.] March 21st 1779
In consequence of your Excellency’s Letter of the 15th Instant I have ordered General Ten Broeck of Albany to confer with Generals Schuyler and Clinton on the Matters contained in it, and to call out such Proportion of the Militia of that and Tryon County as they may on such Conference esteem necessary to cover the western Frontier and thereby prevent the Enemy drawing Supplies from thence: Similar Orders are dispatched to the Militia in the Vicinity of Colo. Cortland’s Regiment.
Previous to the Receipt of your Excellency’s Letter I had (at the Request of General McDougall) so far placed the Militia of Westchester County and the southern Part of Orange under his direction as to enable him to call the whole of them to his immediate Assistance in case any Movement of the Enemy should render it necessary; and the Militia of Ulster Dutchess and the Northern Part of Orange are under Orders to hold themselves in the most perfect readiness to march on the Signal of alarm (fixed by Genl McDougall’s Orders and communicated to them) being given; those of Ulster and Orange (the frontier Companies excepted) to strengthen the Post at West Point and those of Dutchess to rendesvouz at Fishkill and there wait for further Orders. This appears to me to be the best disposition that can be made at present.
I observe by a Resolve of Congress of the 9th Inst. transmitted me by the President, that the Infantry of the United States for the next Campaign is to consist of eighty Battalions; whence I conclude, the sixteen additional Regiments are to be reduced. If this is the case I beg leave to remind your Excellency that Colo. Warners and a considerable part of Colo. Malcomb’s were raised in this State as if they are to be annexed to other Regiments, those of this State appear to me to have the most equitable Claim, especially to such of them as were Inhabitants of this State. I have the Honor to be with great Regard and Esteem. Dear Sir. Your Excellency’s most Obedient Servt
Geo: Clinton


Title: To George Washington from Cornet Silvanus Dickinson, 21 March 1779
From: Dickinson, Silvanus
To: Washington, George

Dear Genl
Fairfield [Conn.] March 21. 1779
The inclosed I this day receivd from Mr S. C.—a particular Friend of mine—at the time he went to New York he requested I should Stay at this place, and convey his Letters to your Excellency, as the matter is of such a nature as to require few persons knowing.
The Letter Major Tallmadg, Carryd your Excellency, I receivd from Mr C. own hands, and he then begged that I would not leave this place, as I have since he went from here engagd in 2d Ridgt Light Dragoons, and as must be some Offcr of the Horse here, Should be exceeding glad if your Excelly would Station me here.
The Inclosed being of Such Consequence that I have informed Genl Putnam. I am Dear Genl Your Hume Servt
Silvanus Dickinson Cornt 2 Ridgt L. Dragoons


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Edward Hand, 21 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Hand, Edward

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 21st March 1779
Since I wrote to you on the 16th I have been informed, tho’ not in such a way that I can depend upon it, that the Country between Chemung and the Seneca Nation is great part of it so low and swampy that it is traversed with difficulty by even a few Foot. This is a matter that should be ascertained with the utmost precision, because should we endeavour to move a Body by that Route, to cooperate with another from the Northward, and they, on account of the difficulty I have mentioned, either find it impossible to proceed, or be so retarded as to fail in point of time, our whole plan would be ruined—I must therefore request you to endeavour as soon as possible to find out some persons well acquainted with the Country between the Waters of Susquehannah and those which fall into Lake Ontario (for that is the part which is said to be particularly low and wet) and examine them strictly upon the subject—The three men mentioned in my last to have been taken by the enemy were probably carried back by this Route, and if they are intelligent and honest they must be able to give a good account.
I wish to be satisfied upon this head as speedily as possible, as I am now making arrangements and dispositions for the expedition, and should that Country be found such as I have described it, it will occasion considerable alterations.
There formerly was an Indian near Wyoming, named Job Chillaway, perfectly acquainted with all the Country before mentioned. Be pleased to write over to Colonel Butler and desire him to enquire for that Indian, and if he is to be found, and will come down to me, direct him to furnish him with a Horse and to offer him a handsome reward. If he is not willing to come down, I would not have the Colonel ask him any questions or give him occasion to suspect that we are going into the Indian Country.
Be pleased to furnish me with the Route from Minisink to Wyoming, with the places of halting, as I shall want to know where some detachments from the North River will fall in with you most conveniently, should you move over. I am Sir Your most obt Servt
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Moses Hazen, 21 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Hazen, Moses

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 21st March 1779
I am favd with yours of the 13th I do not know that there is any provision made for procuring Hunting Shirts for the Army or that the Stock of linen will allow of it. I cannot therefore give an order in favor of any particular Regt If the States undertake to furnish these to their own troops, it is done without my knowledge or interference. The inclosed Copy of a Resolve of Congress, will I hope prove satisfactory to those Corps which do not belong properly to any particular State. Your Regiment being one of those included in the Resolve, you will be pleased to pay due attention to the Contents and make the proper Returns to intitle the Officers and Men to the priviledges of the States to which they belong. I am &.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Alexander McDougall, 21 March 1779
From: McDougall, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Head Quarters Peeks-Kill [N.Y.] March 21st 1779 11 P.M.
I had the Honor to address you Yesterday, by the Express which handed me your’s—The other with whom I intended to transmit these Inclosures, went off unknown to me.
The Gold by Mr Lawrance and Colonel Malcom was received in due Time—You have herewith some of the first Fruits of it—The Person, who brought me General Tryon’s Letter of November has, so establish’d his Reputation with the Enemy, by some General Accounts I gave him, to carry in, that he is intrusted with a Letter to General Haldimund, a Copy of which I have taken, marked Number one—It is wrote in such general Terms, that clearly mark it, to be only an Experiment, to try his Fidelity—I have advised him to go on, for obvious Reasons; and to notice with great attention, the Route and Friends of the Enemy on it. And if any Companion of his, returns with him, on the same Errand, to advise me of it, before he passes our Lines.
The Inhabitant of this State, mentioned to you in mine, which covered a Copy of General Tryon’s first Letter, to him, has had a second, Number two is a Copy; taken and inspected by me—Number three, is Instructions which have been sent to him, from Sir Harry Clintons Office.
The Enemy have had so many Persons of Rank, Trust and Office from us, that he greedily and credulously embraces, every Intimation of Convertion, of any; however oppos’d to him, he might have been. He is fully persuaded, three fourths of this Country, are for a Reunion of the Empire, on the Terms hinted by the Commissioners.
I have gone deep into the Syst⟨e⟩m of Deception—But I could wish the Link of the Chain to me, was more dispos’d, to confine his Intelligence—He setts off to morrow, for your Quarters and Philadelphia, for such Intelligence, as your Excellency and the President of Congress, shall think proper to give him, to keep up the Deception—The Intelligence brought from New York by the Link to Sir Harry &c., is contained in the Notes inclos’d. I have the Honor to be Your Excellency’s very humble Servant
Alexr McDougall


Title: From George Washington to Timothy Pickering, 21 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Pickering, Timothy

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 21st March 1779.
As I shall have occasion to remove Colo. Rawlins’s Corps from Fort Frederick in Maryland, (where they are guarding the prisoners,) to Fort Pitt, I must request the Board to call upon Governor Johnston of Maryland to furnish a Militia Guard to releive Colo. Rawlins. I wish no time may be lost in making the requisition, and that the Governor may be informed of the necessity of sending the Releif speedily, as I very much want to have that Corps advanced upon the frontier—The inclosed directs Colo. Rawlins to march as soon as he is releived. I shall be obliged by your forwarding it to him. I have the Honor to be with great Regard Sir Yr most obt Servt.


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Moses Rawlings, 21 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Rawlings, Moses

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 21st March 1779
I have desired the Board of War to call upon Govr Johnson to furnish a Guard of Militia to releive you—As soon as the Releif arrives you are to march with all your Men fit for duty to Fort Pitt and upon your Arrival there take your orders from Colo. Brodhead who now commands in the Western department—You will leave Officers to proceed in recruiting your Corps to the establishmt if you think any good will come of it. summer Cloathing of all sorts will be forwarded from Philada for the use of the troops to be employed to the Westward. I am &.