Title: From George Washington to Arthur Young, 7 May 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Young, Arthur

Sir,
Philadelphia May 7th 1793

At the request of several Gentlemen of my particular acquaintance in this City, I have taken the liberty of putting this letter into the hands of Dr Edwards, as an introduction of that Gent[l]eman to you.
I am informed that Dr Edwards has two objects in view by going to Europe—the establishment of his health—and a desire of obtaining a knowledge of the agriculture of that part of the world. In order to facilitate the attainment of the latter object he is anxious to be made known to you—and those Gentlemen who have requested this letter speak of him as one of the best farmers in this State. I am therefore the more inclined to give you the trouble of this letter, as I hope your communications with Dr Edwards on agricultural affairs will be mutually pleasing and beneficial. with very great esteem I am Sir, Your most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 8 May 1793
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

[Philadelphia] 8th May 1793.

The Secretary of the Treasury has the honor to submit to the consideration of the President of the U. States a communication from the Commissioner of the Revenue of the 6th instant—respecting a contract provisionally entered into with Moses M. Hayes for a further supply of Oil for the Light Houses. It is respectfully conceived that the arrangement is in every view eligible.

A: Hamilton


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 8 May 1793
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Treasy Departmt 8th May 93.

The Secretary of the Treasury has the honor to lay before the President sundry papers relating to Ephraim Kirby, which is done merely on the score of propriety, as it is not perceived that any special provision in the case, can be consistently made.

Alexandr Hamilton


Title: From George Washington to James Keith, 8 May 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Keith, James

Dear Sir,
Philadelphia May 8th 1793.

Enclosed is Colo. Hooes letter to me on the subject of Mr Bennett’s claim on Colvils Estate. I can only again express my wish that you would do in this case what, in your own judgment, is perfectly legal & just; or in points which appear doubtful, that which able Council shall advice you to as proper. I want most exceedingly to close this business. and am perfectly willing that Mr Bennetts claim shd be fully discharged upon the conditions—& principles above mentioned. But I know not to this hour, whether Messrs Wilson & Dunlap mean to Enjoin on one of the Judgments or Discharge it with interest agreeably to the Decree of the Court; altho’ they promised on the first or 2d of April to let me know their decision thereon in ten days or a fortnight from that date. The ground for an inju[n]ction, if that is the result, is on the scrore of Interest during the War; consequently—my allowing interest to Mr Bennett must depend upon the Decree of the high Court of Chancery in this case, (if the matter is carried thither)—for the Estate of Colvill can only do, as it is done by. And, if the Judgment on the Bond is hung there, it will lye with you, as I have declared in a former letter or with your Council to say whether the case will be affected by receiving the principal due on the Bond—or any part thereof whilst the interest the⟨r⟩eon is in litigation. In a word, whether they may not avail themselves of this circumstance as a plea to invalidate the demand of Interest. By all this, I mean no more than to express my wish to act circumspectly; keeping this then always in view, I can not too often repeat the earnestness of my desire to make a final settlement of this Administration. Whatever money you can receive properly—& pay properly to Colo. Hooe on Acct of

Mr Bennetts claim, will be perfectly agreeable to me as I do not want to touch a Copper of it. & know of no othe⟨r⟩ claims to which it can be applied. I am Dear Sir Your Very Hble Servt

Go: W——n

P.S. I had closed this letter when your favor of the 3d instant was handed to me. The Sentiments contained in mine, with the proposition of Messrs Hooe & Little—go to your queries respecting a settlement with them as Agents of Lord Tankerville & Mr Bennett; & also (the controversy having ceased) to that of Mr Wilson. The account rendered by Colo. Hooe I transmitted to you some time since—the regularity & equity of which you are to judge agreeably to the caution already given; ⟨having every thing before⟩ you, ⟨being better⟩ acquainted with the Subject, & more ⟨leisure to do it than myself. Finally, if⟩ the Sum which shall be found due from Semple’s trustees, on Settlement with Mr Wilson⟨,⟩ amounts to mor⟨e⟩ than the Ball[anc]e due to the Agents of Bennett &c. the application thereof shall be directed as soon as it is made known to me. On the other hand, if it should fall short, I will provide for the deficiency, as far as I have Assetts.
The trouble which the Attorneis have had in this business you are better acquainted with than I am—& whatever you may think just—I am willing to allow. I had not, however, thought their trouble uncommon—one Suit being on a simple Bond—the other on an acct prepared to their hands. But, as I have already said, I wish them to be adequately paid. Your trouble, I am well satisfied, has been great; and I have every disposition to reward it, as far as those who have had the matter before them formerly, or any others, may think me justified in allowing. I am as before Yours &ca

Go: W——n


Title: To George Washington from Madame de Mauduit, 8 May 1793
From: Mauduit du Plessis, —— Guyot de (Madame)
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Kingston Jamaica 8th May 1793

The widow of Colo. Mauduit duplissis, the french Officer who fought victoriously under your orders, and merited your eulogies, charges M. Pascalis Ouviere with this letter for your Excellency. This is not only to give him a title to your high protection, but it is likewise to have the opportunity of presenting to you my respectful homage. I flatter myself that this tribute will be acceptable to your Excellency, to whom is due the admiration & gratitude of all the family of Colo. Mauduit Duplissis.
M. Ouviere who has been unfortunate in France & in St Domingo—who had the friendship of my unfortunate husband—who was a witness to his last efforts to preserve the Colony—who has acquired all our esteem by his talents & his merit—is obliged by the circumstances of the war to go from Kingston to Philadelphia. If I dared to contribute to that which he has the honor to present to your Excellency, I would leave it to your beneficient Virtues & to his own worth to obtain more.
As to myself, a refugee at Kingston with my uncle the Chevlr d’aulnay, I wait for some event to put an end to the troubles of St Domingo & permit us to return to our own estate. If this hope should be frustrated, Illustrious General, I think to go to the dearest Country in the world—that great Nation over which Your Excellency presides, that in which the life of my husband was honored & his death regretted. I am, with the most profound respect Your Excellency’s most Hbe & Obet Sert

Guyot Ve De Mauduit


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Taylor, 8 May 1793
From: Taylor, Thomas
To: Washington, George

  Philadelphia, 8 May 1793. Writes from “134 South front Street” that “In August 1791—by the advice & Recommendation of several respectable Gentlemen in New York . . . I applied to the Secretrary of the Treasury, to be employ’d in some department in the Mint, when it shou’d be establish’d, . . . at the same [time] the Secretary inform’d me there would need possitive demonstration of my Abilities . . . The Secretary, furthermore assured Me that the Expences, I should be at would be reimburs’d. On my return to New York, I employed an Ingenious Mechanic who with Myself completed a Set of Models of all such Machines & Apparatus, as were necessary for the Mint which Models have been seen & approved by Mr Rittenhouse & others.”
Taylor continues: “When I waited on Mr Hamilton the 14 ⟨o⟩f Octr 1791—he was pleasd to shew much Satisfaction & by no Means discouraged Me, . . . he inform’d Me he would take the earliest opportunity of informing you & that the Specimens & Papers should be conveyed to you as soon as agreable to You, (at the same Time he repeatedly assured Me I need give myself no further Trouble as he would write to Me when the Business was coming to a Conclusion), this perfectly Satisfied Me & I left the Models in his hands for that Purpose, after waiting a long Time & not recieving any account, I again came to Philadelphia & waited on Mr Rittenhouse who to my very great Surprise, had neither seen or heard of my Specimens & informd Me the Choice of Master Coiner was made before he heard of my Name . . . I was told by Mr Hamilton, (forgetting his promise) that my Expences could not be allow’d & that If I ⟨mutilated⟩ any Thing it would be entirely out of ⟨mutilated⟩ Own Pocket for he could not charge the Tre⟨asu⟩ry therewith, from the above statement of Facts I am persuaded your Excellency will see I have been very Ill treated.” Taylor concludes with an assertion that he was “ready to make an oath” on the history of his mistreatment by Hamilton.


Title: To George Washington from Anthony Whitting, 8 May 1793 [letter not found]
From: Whitting, Anthony
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Anthony Whitting, 8 May 1793. GW wrote Whitting on 12 May, “Your letter of the 8th with the Reports came duly to hand.”


Title: From George Washington to William Herbert, 9 May 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Herbert, William

Dear Sir,
Philadelphia 9th May 1793.

I have duly recd your letter of the 3d of this month with the Bill enclosed. In wch I do not perceive my name is inserted. If it had, the enclosed would have been my answer. But before It is exhibited or any use made thereof I pray that the Records of the Trustees of Alexandria may be thoroughly examined to see if any Act of mine shall appear thereon for my memory is too treacherous to place depend[enc]e on it in cases where accuracy is necessa[r]y. I am, with esteem & regard Dr Sir Yr Obedt Servt

G. W——n

P.S. Upon considering my answr (unless I am mistaken in point of fact) I hope my name will not appear in the Bill, returned.


Title: To George Washington from William Hartshorne & Company, 10 May 1793
From: William Hartshorne & Company
To: Washington, George

Respected Friend
Alexandria [Va.] May 10th 1793

We are much Obliged by thy favor of the 6th inst: should any provisions be called for by the French from this River and our Government undertake to pay their drafts for the Amount, we shall be happy to serve them.
Yesterday we made a Sale of 250 barrels Spfine Flour for 33/ ⅌ barrel payable in Notes negociable at the Bank of Alexandria in 60 days—we would have sold more but the Purchaser did not want it—at present it seems uncertain whither the price will continue or not, as we are still scarce of Vessels and large parcells of Flour are expected from the Mills in the Country.
Our Friend Robert Donaldson desired us to inform thee, he would take the Six hundred barrells of Flour thou has at thy Mill and at Col. Hooes Stores, at thirty three Shillings for Superfine and Thirty one Shillings for Fine, payable one half in Sixty and the other half in Ninety days. We are Respectfully Thy Friends

Wm Hartshorne & Co.

Wheat 6/3.
Corn 16/ @ 17/ ⅌ barrel


Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 10 May 1793
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

Sir,
War department May 10th 1793

I have the honor to report to you, that a letter, of the purport of the enclosed, be written to Governor Lee in answer to his letter of the 2d instant relatively to the fortification of Norfolk—I took the liberty of laying his letter before the other heads of departments and the Attorney General—who were of opinion as stated in the proposed answer. I have the honor to be with the highest Respect your most obedt servant

H. Knox


Title: Henry Knox to Tobias Lear, 10 May 1793
From: Knox, Henry
To: Lear, Tobias

Dear Sir
War department 10th May 1793.

Be pleased to submit to the President of the United States the enclosed letters from General Wayne and Major Gaither—the former descended the Ohio on the 30th Ultimo and in all probability was at Fort Washington on the 6. instant. I am Dear Sir Your humble servant

H. Knox


Title: Henry Knox to Tobias Lear, 10 May 1793
From: Knox, Henry
To: Lear, Tobias

Dear Sir
[Philadelphia] 10 May 1793

Mr Allison has just arrived from Governor Blount with the enclosed letters. He says he thinks the Governor may be here in about three weeks. Yours sincerely

H. Knox


Title: From George Washington to Anthony Whitting, 12 May 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Whitting, Anthony

Mr Whiting,
Philadelphia May 12th 1793

Your letter of the 8th with the Reports came duly to hand.
From the constant Easterly Winds which have blown ever since I left Mount Vernon I expected the Fishery would end poorly, & therefore am not disappointed at your report on this head.
The Clerks notes, which I return, must be paid; That from the Clerk of the District Court at Dumfries, I presume, comes against me as Executor of Colo. Colvil; but that you may be sure of it, the first time you go to Alexandria, shew it to Mr Keith who will be able to decide whether the whole, any part, or no part, is on that account. If it is, the amount ought to be charged to that Estate; as also a note from the Same place sent to me some time ago “continuances against Stuart &ca 90 lbs. Tobo”—And Fairfax Clerks note “30 lbs. Tobo Recording Colvils Estate acct.” If Mr Keith should require these, in order to introduce them into the general Settlement let him have them. What has been the issue of the Suit against Pool? I recollect to have heard that he was brot before the Court for something, & the Payment of 60 lbs. of Tobo agreeably to the enclosed note is I fear all I am likely to get by it—that I know of.
I know of no seperate tract of Land that my deceased Nephew Major Washington had in Fairfax Parish—and I am much mistaken indeed if that where his Plantation is, has not always been included in the tract of which it is part. But I know of no remedy until I shall have leizure to examine my Papers & to correct many abuses which my peculiar Situation has involved me in.
Let there be a half bushel—no matter how rough, 4 boards

nailed together will be as good as the best—made for the morter maker; and, when you have ascertained from the best information, what is the best proportions of lime & Sand, order the Person who mixes them by no means to depart from it. From my own observation little or no attention has been paid to this hitherto, which, added to the Self will, and conceitedness of Tom Davis has been the occasion of an unnecessary use of lime. I would wish to know the exact quantity of Lime that is used in the building at Dogue run, as it will be a guide in future: & to come at this will be very easy—as you know what was bought & can measure what remains—when the work is compleated. Confine your purchase henceforward to shells, because they will receive no injury; whilst Lime would spoil by keeping.
I will send you a pair of Scales capable of weighing 200 lbs. But what is become of the Scales which were in the Store? These for their size, were as good as could be made. Let me know what weights there are belonging to them. For weighing Yarn, wool to the Spinners, &ca &ca none, surely can be better than those.
Medicines shall also be sent. I cannot get Clover Seed either at this place or New York under eight Dollars a bushel that can be warranted. but if that in Alexandria is European Seed, I would not be concerned with it; unless you are allowed to prove it. More than probable it is old, if it has escaped the heat of the Ships Hold.
Whensoever the Superfine flour is delivered remember that as much (or Wheat to make it) be reserved as will suffice till the New comes in.
I am glad to hear that the Grain and grass look well. inform me regularly how they come on. and do not suffer them to interfere with each other in cutting. The fields of Clover in the Vicinity of this City, exceed any thing of the kind I ever saw for luxuriency—I am not less pleased to find by your acct, that the plants & cuttings which have been set out for the purpose of hedges are taking well; & am anxious to hear whether the Cedar berries are likely to vegitate. What appearance does the plashed Cedars make. Has many of them died?
If it is indispensably necessary to get a New Cart for Mrs Washington’s Plantation I must direct it accordingly; but as it is uncertain what will be done with it after the present year, no expence that can well be avoided ought to be incurred on that

place. especially in this instance of a New Cart, as the Wheat wd be to be brought but a little way even if it comes to the old treading yard. If the Cart must be had, one for Oxen is preferable; and if I have any to spare they may go there & welcome.
From what little I saw of Mr Butlar when I was at home, I fear he is not calculated for my business, or any other that requires activity & spirit. If upon further trial he should give stronger evidences of this, it may not be amiss to inform him in time that my purposes are not likely to be answered by his Services; & therefore it will be prudent for him to look out, against another year, for some other place; Nay, if he does not fulfil his agreement—it must he done sooner. Let the exchange between him & the Gardener take place (if it has not already happened) immediately.
Has any Mares been brought to the Jack, or stud horse besides my own? and in that case what number? If the horse is in good orde[r] it might not be amiss to shew him in Alexandria at Court, on Monday the 20th instt, it being Whitmonday also. Let me know if the Mare I left at home is in foal or not.
It is with extreme vexation I find my orders, which were given in the most explicit, & unequivocal manner, that the complaints of my Negros of the want of bread, are still suspended in the execution, or evaded as they have been, to the utter defeat of my intentions! which were prompted by motives of Justice in the first place—& to avoid in the second, the imputation of withholding the needful support from them; thereby driving them to, or at least affording a pretence, for the Commission of thefts.
Mrs Washington desires you will direct old Doll to distil a good deal of Rose & Mint Water, &ca; and we wish to know whether the Linnen for the People is all made up?
Was the Globe & Saddle sent from Mount Vernon to Alexandria? they are not yet come to this place. I remain your friend and Well wisher

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from William McElhatton, 13 May 1793
From: McElhatton, William
To: Washington, George

May it Please the President
Philadelphia May 13th 1793

The Subscriber having served during the late War as an Officer in the Army of the United States, and being wounded in the said service, has come from Kentuckey the place of his residence to the City of Philadelphia, in order to apply for to be placed on the Pension List agreeable to the Act of Congress in that Case made and provided, and having gone thro’ his examination, a report is made to the Secretary of the United States for the department of War in his favour, for a full Pension, but as nothing further can be done until the Meeting of the next Congress, he is anxious to return to his Family again in Kentuckey but being entirely destitute of the means of returning home to his large Family for the want of Money, is under the necessity, of applying to your Excellency, whose humanity is well known, for a Loan of so much money as will bear his Expences to Kentuckey which when he receives his pension will be repaid. With greatest Gratitude and Thankfullness—I am Sir with the highest Esteem Your Excellencys Obedient Hble servant

Wm McElhattonLate Cptn lt 6th pensylvny Rgt


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 14 May 1793
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

[Philadelphia] May 14th 1793.

The Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to the President & sends for his information & direction two letters,

one from the Collector of Oxford, the other from mister Murray member from Maryland. The Secretary, if not directed otherwise, will by the post of tomorrow, desire the Collector to detain the prize until further order; lest not receiving early instruction he may surrender her to one or the other party, contrary to the final determination of the Executive.


Title: Tobias Lear to Thomas Jefferson, 14 May 1793
From: Lear, Tobias
To: Jefferson, Thomas

[Philadelphia] May 14th 1793

The President sends to the Secretary of State the enclosed Extract which he has just recd from a respectable Gentleman in this City—who informs him that the writer is a person of respectability

& good information in London—The President wishes it to be shewn to the Gentlemen if they are still together.


Title: Henry Knox to Tobias Lear, 14 May 1793
From: Knox, Henry
To: Lear, Tobias

Dear Sir.
[Philadelphia] May 14th 1793

Please to submit to the President of the United States the enclosed letter, just received from Governor Lee, dated the 7th instant.
Please to return it as soon as the President is done with it. I am, Your’s sincerely

H. Knox


Title: To George Washington from William Augustine Washington, 14 May 1793
From: Washington, William Augustine
To: Washington, George

My D: sir
Haywood [Va.] May 14th 1793

Your favor of the 29th Ulto I recd by the last Post—I should be very sorry that your Building should stop for the want of Lime, particularly, as you seem to have relyed on me for procuring it—The person whom I informed you in my last had engaged to deliver a load of shell by the 15th Apl has delivered a load of Lime & at our last Court said he should immediately proceed with a Load of Shells, and continue carrying, untill you were supplyed, a Mr Rust also on Yeocomoco—informed me he had about 3,000 Bushels of live Shells which he would carry up as soon as possible—I had written twice to Colo. Gaskins, but never recd an answer to my letters—The small Pox being in his Family and all thro’ that Neighbourhood, I suppose is the reason that he has not answered my Letter, or engaged Craft to carry Shells—I have now sent the Young Man who Lives with me, below, to see if Rust & Branson are carrying of Shells, and to engage others in the Business—on his return I shall be able to give You better information—and you shall hear from me by the next Post.
You suppose that you had written to me on the practicability of hiring of N⟨e⟩groes Carpenters—you are mistaken my D. sir, there is nothing respecting it in your former Letter to me—I fear it will be dificult at this time to procure them, most that were to hire with us, being engaged in Squaring Timber for the Federal Buildings—But if you will be so kind in your next, as to mention the Number you want, the length of time to be employed, I will make the fullest enquiries and let you know.
Mrs Washington joins me in our best regards to you & Mrs Washington. and beleive me to be my Dr Uncle Your very Affectionate Nephew

Wm Augt. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Charles Burrall, 15 May 1793
From: Burrall, Charles
To: Washington, George

Sir
General Post Office Philadelphia May 15th 1793.

I think it my duty in the absence of the Postmaster General to inform you that Thomas Sloss Gantt who was imprisoned in Baltimor⟨e⟩ on a charge of robbing the Mail, has lately made his escape under such circumstances as to excite a suspicion, that the means of securing him hav⟨e⟩ been voluntarily neglected. I have the honor to enclose for your perusal a copy of the correspondence between the postmaster General and the postmaster at Baltimore, of the advertisement published by the Sheriff of Baltimore, and of a letter which I have written to the Attorney of the Disstrict o⟨n⟩ the occasion: And I respectfully submit to your consideration how far the aid of a reward offered by the Government is necessary, either to express the public indignation of the offence, or to ensure the retaking of the offender. I am, with perfect respect, Sir Your most obdt and most Humble servant

Chas BurrallAsst. Postmr Genl


Title: To George Washington from Moses Gill, 15 May 1793
From: Gill, Moses
To: Washington, George

May it Please your Excellency
Boston May 15 1793

The Barer, Capt: John Whitney, is a Gentleman who Served in the late Continental Army with Good Reputation; is now out of Business, and wishes to be imploy’d in Some Service under your Excellency Control—He is a Gentleman with Whom I have an

Acquantence, and is a Person of Good Sence; the utmost Confidence may with Safety be Placed in his Conduct and engagements. I am with the highest Attachment to your Excellency Person & Family, your Excellency Most Obediant and Most Humble Servant

Moses Gill


Title: Tobias Lear to Thomas Jefferson, 15 May 1793
From: Lear, Tobias
To: Jefferson, Thomas

[Philadelphia] May 15th 1793

The President of the United States approves of the enclosed Letter to Mr Hammond, and likewise of that to Mr Rawle.


Title: Enclosure I: Thomas Jefferson to George Hammond, 15 May 1793
From: Jefferson, Thomas
To: Hammond, George

Sir,
Philadelphia, May 15. 1793.

Your several memorials of the 8th instant, have been laid before the President, as had been that of the 2d as soon as received. They have been considered with all the attention and the impartiality which a firm determination could inspire to do what is equal and right between all the belligerent powers.
In one of these, you communicate on the information of the british consul at Charleston, that the Consul of France, at the Same place, had condemned, as legal prize, a british vessel, captured by a french Frigate, and you justly add, that this judicial act is not warranted by the usage of nations, nor by the stipulations existing between the United States and France. I observe further, that it is not warranted by any law of the Land. It is consequently a mere nullity, as such it can be respected in no Court, can make no part in the title to the Vessel, nor give to the purchaser any other security than what he would have had without it. In short, it is so absolutely nothing as to give no foundation of just concern to any person interested in the fate of the vessel, and in this point of view, Sir, I am in hopes you will see it. The proceeding, indeed, if the British Consul has been rightly informed, and we have no other information of it, has been an act of disrespect towards the United States, to which its Government cannot be inattentive. A just sense of our own right and duties and the obviousness of the principle are a security that no inconveniences will be permitted to arise from repetitions of it.
The purchase of arms and military accoutrements by an agent of the french Government, in this Country, with an intent to export them to France, is the subject of another of the memorials. Of this fact, we are equally uninformed, as of the former. Our Citizens have been always free to make, vend, and export arms. It is the constant occupation and livelihood of some of them. To suppress their callings, the only means perhaps of their subsistence because a war exists in foreign and distant countries, in which we have no concern, would scarcely be expected. It would be hard in principle, and impossible in practice. The law of nations, therefore, respecting the rights of those at peace, does not require from them such an internal derangement in their occupations.

It is satisfied with the external penalty pronounced in the President’s proclamation, that of confiscation of such portion of these arms as shall fall into the Hands of any of the belligerent powers on their way to the ports of their enemies. To this penalty our Citizens are warned that they will be abandoned and that even private intraventions may work no inequality between the parties at war, the benefit of them, will be left equally free and open to all.
The capture of the British Ship Grange, by the French frigate l’Embuscade, has, on inquiry been found to have taken place within the Bay of Delaware and Jurisdiction of the United States, as stated in your memorial of the 2d instant—the Government is therefore, taking measures for the liberation of the Crew and restitution of the Ship and cargo.
It condemns in the highest degree the conduct of any of our citizens, who may personally engage in committing hostilities at sea against any of the nations, parties to the present war, and will exert all the means with which the laws and constitution have armed them to discover such as offend herein and bring them to condign punishment. Of these dispositions I am authorized to give assurances to all the parties, without reserve. Our real friendship for them all, our desire to pursue ourselves the path of peace as the only one leading surely to prosperity, and our wish to preserve the morals of our citizens from being vitiated by courses of lawless plunder and murder, may assure you that our proceedings in this respect will be with good faith, fervor and vigilance. Instructions are consequently given to the proper law officer to institute such proceedings as the laws will justify, for apprehending and punishing certain individuals of our Citizens suggested to have been concerned in enterprises of this kind, as mentioned in one of your memorials of the 8th instant.
The practice of commissioning, equipping and manning Vessels, in our ports to cruise on any of the belligerent parties, is equally and entirely disapproved, and the Government will take effectual measures to prevent a repetition of it. The remaining point in the same memorial, is reserved for further Consideration.
I trust, Sir, that in the readiness with which the United States have attended to the redress of such wrongs as committed by their citizens, or within their Jurisdiction, you will see proofs of

their justice and impartiality to all the parties, and that it will ensure to their citizens pursuing their lawful business, by Sea or by Land, in all parts of the world a like efficacious interposition of the governing powers to protect them from injury, and redress it, when it has taken place. with such dispositions, on both sides vigilantly and faithfully carried into effect, we may hope that the blessings of peace, on the one part, will be as little impaired, and the evils of war on the other, as little aggravated, as the nature of things will permit: and that this should be so is we trust the prayer of all. I have the honor to be, with sentiments of respect, Sir, Your most obedient and most humble servant.


Title: To George Washington from Eliakim Littell, 15 May 1793
From: Littell, Eliakim
To: Washington, George

Newark New Jersey 15th May 1793

The Memorial of Eliakim Littell.
Humbly sheweth, That as early as the year 1776 Your Memoralist took an active part against the common enemy of this Country; by entering on board of the Schooner Putnam as sails Master, that in December of the same year, Your Memoralist Raised a Company of Rangers at my own expence; which proved of great Service to the County of Essex, N: Jersey.
2ly That as early as the Year in April 1777. Your Memoralist

Received a Commission from Congress as a first Lieutenant in Coll Ogdens Regimt, Recruited fifty Six men for during the War, and continued with them untill after the Battle of Munmoth, at which time thro’ the great fatigue I sustained, was obliged to Resign: (my health being So much impaired).
3ly That your Memoralist in the year 1780 Commanded a Company of Militia Artilery which on the 7th June at the battle of Springfield, Your Memoralist Received your Excellency’s Aprobation, together with General Daytons & many other field Officers.
4th & lastly, That in the year 1791 Your Memoralist Received a Commission in the Levy service as a Lieutenant, under the Command of General St Clair against the Indians near the (Miamia Towns on the 4th of Novr 1791) Likewise carried with him one of his Sons at his own expence without pay or rations who Remained on the field of Action, & was one of the fiew who escaped, your Memoralist was one of the Last officers who left the field, which can be well Attested; That the fatigue and hardship your Memoral[is]t Sustained, impaired his health so much, as to desable him for some Time of even earning his Bread, which has greatly Reduced him & family.
However, as your Memoralist is now thro’ the assistance of Almighty God, quite Recovered, and is able & willing to Serve his Countrey, which was always his greatest Glory, And as the countrey Calls for a great number of Officers & soldairs to subdue the Savage’s. He intrates your Excellency, to take his case into Consideration; and grant him a Commission to Raize a Company of Men; or any other Commission your Excellency, will be pleased to grant him being duly perswaded that he can raise the men, as Soon as any man in the state of New Jersey—And your Memoralist in duty Bound will ever pray

Eliakim Littelllate Lt. in the Levy Service


Title: To George Washington from Anthony Whitting, 15 May 1793 [letter not found]
From: Whitting, Anthony
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Anthony Whitting, 15 May 1793. GW wrote Whitting on 19 May, “Your letters of the 10th & 15th are both received.”


Title: To George Washington from John Allen, 16 May 1793
From: Allen, John
To: Washington, George

  Gorey, Wexford County, Ireland, 16 May 1793. Writes that “A sincere desire of benefiting the World . . . is the chief if not the only motive of this address and I am well assured . . . that any thing proceeding from such a principle will at least meet with your every attention.” He received a bachelor’s degree from the University of Dublin “the beginning of the year 1784 being about 22, from this time till the year 1790, when I got an appointment of about £70 a year in the Church.”
Allen appeals to GW’s “liberal turn of mind” and explains that “during the course of my studies in the university, perceiving the unfitness of all treatises of Geometry extant, for the education of Youth . . . I turned my thoughts to remedying these inconveniencies and . . . laid down a plan for the purpose and . . . set about putting it into execution . . . so that in a very short time I shall have the whole fitted for the Press, the advantage of which will be that all that is useful or at all necessary of the Elementary Works of Euclid, Archimedes and Apollonius &c. with improvements will be completed in one comprehensive and systematic View and adapted to the modern discoveries in Philosophy and chiefly Newtons Works.”
After mentioning several character references, Allen notes “my present property in the Church here with my Bishops intention of providing further for me will evince that this application does not proceed from interested or mercenary motives. . . . Now the following are some of the reasons why I apprehend my endeavours like to be more serviceable in the United States than here or any where else. In these European

Countries the Heads of Universities are strongly attached to the old Plans and Systems . . . Your Country and Government on the contrary have plainly shewn the World a disposition . . . of taking things at once in an original and improved way, by which means though you may put yourselves for the present to some trifling inconveniences yet you put every thing in the most easy and beneficial way for posterity . . . it has been remarked that literature has from the earliest ages been making a regular progress from the East to the West, I cannot avoid having my hopes that they will arrive at a point of Perfection and Utility in your Country . . . Your Excellency by favouring them with your countenance and encouragement will . . . add one additional cause to the many others to make posterity bless and revere your memory with the highest gratitude.”
Allen concludes that the only remuneration he wants is “some situation in a literary line or other comfortable provision that would afford an easy support for myself and family during the publication of the Work . . . if at the end of two or three years by which time I should have it published I should not be thought worthy of encouragement . . . I will on your signifying your wish . . . freely resign any appointment I may get and give sufficient security if necessary for so doing. . . . I request the favour of a speedy answer as if you thought fit to encourage me I would go to your part of the World next spring.”


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Jefferson, 16 May 1793
From: Jefferson, Thomas
To: Washington, George

[Philadelphia] May. 16. 1793.

Th: Jefferson presents his respects to the President and submits to his approbation a letter to mister Ternant, in conformity

to that to mister Hammond. it has been submitted to the Secretaries of the treasury & War and Attorney General, and corrected by them. if the President approves the letter he asks the favor of him to stick a wafer in it, & the bearer will proceed to deliver that & mister Hammond’s at the same time, as Th: J. thinks they should be. he knows of the arrival of mister Genest, & thinks this letter had better be delivered to mister Ternant before Genest is announced, or several days delay, & a new moulding of the business, might take place. for this reason Th: J. thinking the letter might find the President at table, supposed the importance of the case would justify his desiring it to be opened even in that situation.


Title: Memorandum from Thomas Jefferson, 16 May 1793
From: Jefferson, Thomas
To: Washington, George

[Philadelphia] May 16. 1793.

The facts suggested, or to be taken for granted, because the contrary is not known, in the case now to be considered, are, that a vessel was purchased at Charleston & fitted out as a privateer by French citizens, manned with foreigners chiefly, but partly with citizens of the U.S. the command given to a French citizen by a regular commission from his government, that she has made prize of an English vessel in the open sea, & sent her in to Philadelphia. the British minister demands restitution, & the question is whether the Executive of the U.S. shall undertake to make it?
This transaction may be considered 1. as an offence against the U.S. 2. as an injury to Great Britain.
In the 1st view it is not now to be taken up, the opinion being

that it has been an act of disrespect to the jurisdiction of the U.S. of which proper notice is to be taken at a proper time.
Under the 2d point of view, it appears to me wrong on the part of the U.S. (where not constrained by treaties) to permit one party in the present war to do what cannot be permitted to the other. we cannot permit the enemies of France to fit out privateers in our ports, by the 22d article of our treaty. we ought not therefore to permit France to do it, the treaty leaving us free to refuse, & the refusal being necessary to preserve a fair and secure neutrality. yet considering that the present is the first case which has arisen, that it has been in the first moment of the war, in one of the most distant ports of the U.S. and before measures could be taken by the government to meet all the cases which may flow from the infant state of our government and novelty of our position, it ought to be placed by Great Britain among the accidents of loss to which a nation is exposed in a state or war, and by no means as a premeditated wrong on the part of the government. in this last light it cannot be taken, because the act from which it results placed the U.S. with the offended, & not the offending party. her minister has seen himself that there could have been on our part neither permission nor connivance. a very moderate apology then from the U.S. ought to satisfy Great Britain. the one we have made already is ample, to wit, a pointed disapprobation of the transaction, a promise to prosecute & punish according to law such of our citizens as have been concerned in it, and to take effectual measures against a repetition. to demand more, would be a wrong in Gr. Britain: for to demand satisfaction beyond what is adequate, is a wrong. but it is proposed further to take the prize from the captors & restore her to the English. this is a very serious proposition.
The dilemma proposed in our conferences, appears to me unanswerable. either the commission to the commander of the privateer was good, or not good. if not good, then the tribunals of the country will take cognisance of the transaction, recieve the demand of the former owner, & make restitution of the capture: & there being, on this supposition, a regular remedy at law, it would be irregular for the government to interpose. if the commission be good, then the capture having been made on the high seas, under a valid commission from a power at war with Gr. Britain, the British owner has lost all his right, and the prize

would be deemed good even in his own courts, were the question to be brought before his own courts. he has now no more claim on the vessel than any stranger would have who never owned her, his whole right being transferred by the laws of war to the captor.
The legal right then being in the captor, on what ground can we take it from him? not on that of right, for the right has been transferred to him. it can only be by an act of force, that is to say, of reprisal for the offence committed against us in the port of Charleston. but the making reprisal on a nation is a very serious thing. remonstrance & refusal of satisfaction ought to precede; & when reprisal follows, it is considered as an act of war, & never yet failed to produce it in the case of a nation able to make war. besides, if the case were important enough to require reprisal, & ripe for that step, Congress must be called on to take it; the right of reprisal being expressly lodged with them by the constitution, & not with the executive.
I therefore think that the satisfaction already made to the government of Great Britain is quite equal to what ought to be desired in the present case: that the property of the British owner is transferred by the laws of war to the captor; that for us to take it from the captor would be an act of force or reprisal which the circumstances of the case do not justify, & to which the powers of the Executive are not competent by the constitution.

Th: Jefferson


Title: Memorandum from Henry Knox, 16 May 1793
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

[Philadelphia] 16 May 1793.

At a meeting of the heads of departments and the Attorney General yesterday in pursuance of your direction an equal division of opinion took place upon the question herein stated.
It appeared that certain privateers commissioned on the part of the French Nation by Mr Genest at Charleston equipped and manned at that place partly by Citizens of the United States, have brought prizes taken from the British Nation into our ports.
The Question was—Shall these prizes be delivered up, according to the requisition of the British Minister?
The Secretary of State and the Attorney General were against the restoration and the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of War were for it. This being the case it was agreed that each person should submit the reasons for his opinion to the President of the United States.
It is to be premised that in discussing the subject generally the following points were unanimously agreed to.
First. That the Conduct of Mr Genest in issuing Commissions within the United States was highly improper.
Secondly. That the equipping of privateers in any of the ports of the United States to cruise against any of the belligerent powers was incompatible with that neutrality which it was the duty of the United States to observe on this head.
Thirdly. That the United States ought to take effectual measures to prevent a repetition of such conduct in future.
Fourthly[.] That measures should be taken to punish such Citizens of the United States as should be found to have entered on board of the said privateers.
It is to ⟨be⟩ observed that the highest duty of every nation is to take care of its own preservation and happiness. This duty may be qualified by the treaties and obligations by which the nation may have bound itself.
No stipulation however with France obliges us to permit that Nation to equip and man their privateers within the United

States. The manning of privateers or inducing our Citizens to enter on board of them may be considered of the nature of foreign powers inlisting men within the United States which would according to the laws of Nations be an high violation against our sovereignty even to such a degree as to justify a declaration of War unless satisfactory reparation be made—Vattel is explicit upon this subject he says—in Book 3. Chapter 2d Section 15. “As the right of levying soldiers belongs solely to the nation, so no person is to enlist soldiers in a foreign country, without the permission of the sovereign, and even with this permission none but volunteers are to be enlisted; for the service of the Country is out of the question here and no sovereign has a right to give or sell his subjects to another. They who undertake to enlist soldiers in a foreign Country without the sovereign’s permission; and in general, whoever alienates the subjects of another violates one of the most sacred rights both of the prince and the State. It is the crime distinguished by the name of Plagiat or man-stealing, and accordingly is punished with the utmost severity in every policied State. Foreign recruiters are hanged immediately, and very justly, as it is not to be presumed that their sovereign ordered them to commit the crime; and if they did receive such an order they ought not to obey it: their sovereign having no right to command what is contrary to the law of Nature. It is not I say apprehended that these Recruiters act by order of their sovereign and usually they who have practised seduction only, are, if taken severely punished. If they have used violence and made their escape, they are claimed and the men they carried off demanded. But if it appears that they acted by order such a proceeding in a foreign sovereign is justly considered as an injury and as a sufficient cause for declaring war against him, unless he condescends to make suitable reparation.”
Mr Genest had no right to issue within our territories the aforesaid Commissions—Hence it would seem to follow conclusively that as far as relates to us, the operation of the said Commissions ought to be considered as null and giving no right to capture vessells and bring them into our ports for security.
If this should be the case, which it is according to my judgment it would appear to be the duty of the United States in order to avoid a participation in the war to endeavor that the prizes so

captured and brought into our ports should be delivered up to their proper Owners.
In order to place this subject in a strong point of view let the following case be supposed.
That Mr Genest should issue Commissions to certain persons to raise Troops and make incursions into Canada and East Florida who should return within the United States with prisoners and booty in order to secure the same—In this case it would seem that the United States would be bound to deliver up the booty and prisoners and punish the perpretators of the incursions or render themselves an object of a just War.
Were the present case reversed and it supposed the British had fitted out privateers in the manner the french have done, and brought into our ports, a number of french East Indiamen or other very valuable prizes—the justice of the United States, as well as the general feeling, would probably have constrained the government to interpose and endeavor to obtain a restoration of the prizes.
If so the French have no more right in the premises than the English, no such right having been stipulated by Treaty.
Hence it is the conviction of my mind that the prizes taken by the said privateers and brought into our ports ought to be delivered up, That if it be not done, or an attempt made for the purpose, we may justly be considered as having concurred in an injury to a friendly Nation, contrary to the professions of the Government and the laws of neutrality, and that our conduct in this respect may be the cause of Great Britain and the other belligerent powers declaring War against the United States. All which is humbly submitted to the President of the United States.

H. Knoxsecy of War


Title: From George Washington to Richard Peters, 16 May 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Peters, Richard

Dear Sir,
[Philadelphia] May 16th 1793

Mr Young informs me, by a letter which I have lately received from him, that the accounts, relative to the state of agriculture, which I had collected from various quarters and transmitted to him last fall, have set him afloat on the High Seas of conjecture with respect to the Agriculture of this Country. The account which you had the goodness to prepare for me was among the number of those sent to Mr Young; And, as you had a hand in setting him afloat, it is but fair that you should lend your assistance to get him Landed again. I have therefore, my dear Sir, taken the liberty to send you the enclosed extracts from Mr Young’s letter, and must beg you to have the goodness, when convenient, to give such answers to the queries—& make such observations thereon as your knowledge of the subject may enable you to do. This is a common Cause—and I shall therefore make no apology for troubling you with it—The War he says, has prevented his taking a trip to this country that he might form from his own observation, an opinion of what is, and what might be done here in the Agricultural line. I am—Dr Sir Yr Obedt Servt.


Title: To George Washington from the Philadelphia Merchants and Traders, 16 May 1793
From: Philadelphia Merchants and Traders
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia 16th May 1793

Sensible that nothing is wanting to the happiness of the People of the United States, but to continue in Peace, under their excellent Laws and Government, the Merchants and Traders of the City of Philadelphia beg leave to express to you the high sense they entertain of the wisdom and goodness which dictated your late Proclamation, declaring the Neutrality to be observed by the United States in the War, wherein several European Powers are now engaged; a War, which however it might serve the interests of their commerce for the time, they, as the friends of all men and of all nations, are bound to deplore.
Impressed too with an opinion, that in an unoffending conduct towards all the world, consists the true policy of America; it is their determination, not only to pay the strictest regard to the Proclamation themselves, but to discountenance in the most pointed manner, any contrary disposition in others; examples of which, they are persuaded, will seldom occur; the Sentiments just expressed, being, as they have the satisfaction to find, the common language of the Citizens of Pensylvania.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Townsend Hooe, 17 May 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Hooe, Robert Townsend

Dear Sir,
Philadelphia 17th May 1793.

If you are among the purchasers of Flour, be so good as to let me know what you would give for about 600 barrels—nearly half, superfine, 290 of which are in your own Warehouse—the rest at my Mill, but might be delivered as above. all of it, if reported to me truly, is of the best quality, of their respective sorts.
I would allow a credit of Sixty days—or, to enhance the price 90 days for the purchase money; and it is possible, matters might be so arranged as never to be drawn out of your hands by me, if the balance due from Wilson to Colville’s estate is inadequate to the discharge of what shall be found due therefrom to mister Bennett, upon a final settlement, within the period above mentioned.
I have been offered 33/. pr barl for the superfine. and 31/. for the fine; but these are so much below the market price here, that I must wait longer. 46/6 cash (this Curry) was, about four days ago, given for a load of superfine flour to be shipped from this port. I have no doubt of, & would thank you for a prompt & frank answer. & am Dr Sir &c.

Go. Washington

P.S. If you do not buy yourself, be so good as to let me know what price you think I could obtain for it.


Title: To George Washington from Richard Peters, 17 May 1793
From: Peters, Richard
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Philada Friday 17th May [1793]

I was from Hence when your Letter enclosing Mr Young’s Queries & Observations arrived or I should have acknowledged the Honour of recieving it. I will with Pleasure take an Opportunity

of complying with your Request. I do not wonder that Mr Young is embarrassed in his Endeavors to account for the actual State of Things in the agricultural Branch in this Country. The Results are I believe pretty generally the same, of all the Enquiries I have made, throughout America, where the Stile of farming is similar. More Knowledge—more Labourers—more Capital, kept in Cash & not in Land; & more Time devoted to Preparations for Crops under better Systems may do Wonders—but at present no European Calculator will succeed in applying his Theories or Experience to this Country—Yet our Farmers—I mean those who are merely so—get rich, live well & farm ill—It seems paradoxical but so it is—An honest hearted Friend who got rich during the War, when every body wondered at it, told me that his Success was owing to his never troubling his Head about Calculations, but going on with his Bussiness while other People were casting Figures—I know not how well or ill this will apply to Farmers, but I know that it is not those who are capable of Calculation that get the most by agricultural Operations—Experto crede Roberto—I am Sir with sincere Respect & Esteem your very hble Servt

Richard Peters


Title: From George Washington to the Philadelphia Merchants and Traders, 17 May 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Philadelphia Merchants and Traders

Gentlemen,
[Philadelphia, c.17 May 1793]

Fully persuaded that the happiness and best interests of the people of the United States, will be promoted by observing a strict neutrality in the present contest among the powers of Europe; it gives me pleasure to learn, that the measure which I have taken to declare to the world their disposition on this head, has given general satisfaction to the Citizens of Pennsylvania. The friends of humanity will deprecate war, wheresoever it may appear;

and we have experienced enough of its’ evils in this Country to know that it should not be wantonly or unnecessarily entered upon. I trust therefore, that the good Citizens of the United States will shew to the world, that they have as much wisdom in preserving peace at this critical juncture, as they have heretofore displayed valour in defending their just rights.

Geo: Washington


Title: Memorandum from Edmund Randolph, 17 May 1793
From: Randolph, Edmund
To: Washington, George

[Philadelphia] May 17. 1793.

The attorney general has the honor of submitting to the President the following opinion.
It appears, that a privateer has been equipped and commissioned at Charleston in South Carolina, under the authority of the French government; and was at the same time manned in part by American citizens: that on the high seas she captured an English vessel; and that both of them are now in the port of Philadelphia.
Restitution is demanded by the British minister from the executive.
If this be considered as a contest between France and Great Britain upon a mere question of prize or no prize, the 17th article of our treaty with the former stands in the way of the inquiry; because it prohibits the officers of the U.S. from “making examination concerning the lawfulness of such prizes.” And indeed the duty of a neutral nation shuts up its courts against all such decisions.
It is therefore insisted, that some thing more, than a mere question of prize or no prize has arisen; namely, that as the commission was granted, and the privateer fitted out, and partly manned with American citizens, within the U.S., there is an obligation on them to restore.
Is the commission void as to the enemy? No; because the etiquette

of the place of granting it has never been heard of, as an available plea, in their mouths; and because, if had even been suspended during the stay of the vessel at Charleston, it became active and lawful at the very moment, that the privateer entered upon the high sea. This aspect then of the case presents no hope of restitution.
Let it be supposed on the other hand, that the commission was absolutely void. Of course the capture would be annulled. But by whom? Not by the President; since the courts of the U.S. are competent to adequate relief; and proceeding according to the rules of the admiralty, they would consummate the business with no great expence of time.
But let a further supposition be made; that the commission was good in part, and bad in part; or in other words, that, while it would have authorized the capture, if only the enemy were concerned, it was an affront and injury to the U.S., to grant it without their leave in their territory; nay more, that the capture has been the consequence of this improper conduct in our own country, and of the inlistment of our own citizens.
What relates to the dignity of the U.S. is not an affair of any foreign nation. If they thought proper to waive satisfaction to themselves for the affront and injury, they cannot be called to an account by any foreign power; and, if they do require satisfaction, its degree and kind depend upon their discretion. But it has been unanimously agreed to advise the President to direct a remonstrance to Mr Genet against what is past, and a repetition of it in future. So that the dignity of the government will be asserted.
The punishment of the citizens, who have entered on board of the privateer may, in some measure, be a justice, due to the powers, warring against France. Accordingly the President is also unanimously advised, that prosecutions be instituted, as far as the law will go. If the person, who received the commission, be a citizen, he is a pirate under the treaty with Holland. The rest of the crew, who may be citizens, are conceived by a majority of the gentlemen to be guilty of a misdemeanor; and all of them are of opinion, that in a doubtful point, which cannot be ascertained too soon, the sentiments of some court ought to be immediately obtained. For, altho’ the experiment should miscarry, it will vindicate the sincerity of our neutrality.

The only remaining ground, upon which restitution has been pressed, is, that for this unlawful act, thus begun in our territory, and completed with the assistance of our own citizens, the U.S. are answerable to Great Britain. It has not been denied that, as between the French captor and the British owner, the capture is lawful; nor can it be affirmed that the U.S. are, in any other manner, responsible for the offences of their citizens, than to bring them to punishment. To say then, that Great Britain can impose upon the U.S. a certain rule and measure of procuring satisfaction for the insult by requiring the surrender of the vessel and restitution to the British subject, is to admit an unwarrantable intrusion into their internal police. If the omission to demand the vessel be a cause of offence, it must be, because the acquiescence of the U.S. in a too moderate retribution will indicate a partiality in the temper of the U.S. Should this be suspected, notwithstanding the proofs to the contrary, it may be repelled by other considerations. France has her rights, as well as Great Britain. Altho’ she will be content to offer concessions to the U.S., yet might she justly refuse to do so, if an estimate of the reparation was compounded, not only of the indignity to them, but also of the loss to the British subject. At least she might with reason denominate it a departure from strict neutrality—It may deserve attention too, what infinite trouble the U.S. would carve out to themselves, if they once commence the office of adjusting the validity of commissions between the warring powers. If a commission, perfect in every thing, except the place of issuing it, be a ground of restitution, it will be an easy matter to stretch the authority of the U.S. by little and little, until they become self-constituted into a tribunal for deciding the validity of prizes: a function, which is utterly inadmissible to a neutral nation.
The situation of the U.S. is extremely peculiar. They are bound to pursue a different conduct to the different warring powers. To France, they must give the preference, by treaty; to Holland, they must Assign the next rank of favor by treaty; Great Britain stands upon the law of nations, pure and unqualified. Hence in this disparity of relations, they will be often thrown into great perplexities. Nothing can lead them with safety and honor thro’ the labyrinth, but an adherence to sound principle, which is always uniform.

Upon principle therefore, restitution ought not, in my judgment, to be attempted.

Edm: Randolph


Title: To George Washington from Ternant, 17 May 1793
From: Ternant, Jean-Baptiste, chevalier de
To: Washington, George

sir
Philadelphia May the 17th 1793

I have just handed to the secretary of State an official information of my recall and of the appointement of Citizen Genet to be Minister of the french Republic near the United States—Though I have reasons to hope the official answer to my letter on the subject, may do justice to my conduct, yet I cannot help wishing to obtain from you a personal and private assurance, that notwithstanding the violent agitations, and great vicissitudes experienced by the government of my country, I have always uniformly attended to the interests entrusted to my care, and that my public and private conduct throughout the whole of my mission, has appeared unexceptionable to you—I hope the expression of such a wish may neither prove desagreable to you, nor remain without effect. With lively sentiments of respect and attachement, Beleive me sir your most obedient and very humble servant.


Title: From George Washington to Ternant, 17 May 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Ternant, Jean-Baptiste, chevalier de

Sir,
Philadelphia May [17] 1793.

The first intimation, which I received of your mission to the United States, in the capacity you lately fill[e]d, gave me pleasure. I anticipated, on your part, a conduct, which, while it was calculated to promote the objects of your duty, would, in the manner, be pleasing to the Government and Citizens of this Country. My anticipations have not been disappointed. Uniformly attentive to the advancement of the Interests confided to your care (notwithstanding the agitations and vicissitudes experienced in the government of your Country)—the tenor of your official and private conduct, throughout the course of your Mission, has appeared to me deserving of approbation & has acquired to you a new title to my regard.
I give you this private & personal mark of my Satisfaction & esteem, in remembrance of your Services, as an Officer in the Army of the United States and in consideration of the peculiar and extraordinary circumstances under which you have acted. With sentiments of attachment & regard—I am—Dear Sir Your Obedient and Very humble Servt

G: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Anthony Whitting, 17 May 1793 [letter not found]
From: Whitting, Anthony
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Anthony Whitting, 17 May 1793. On 26 May, GW wrote Whitting, “Your letters of the 17th & 22d instt came duly to hand.”


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Jefferson, 18 May 1793
From: Jefferson, Thomas
To: Washington, George

[Philadelphia] May 18. 93.

Th: Jefferson has the honor to inform the President that having, from a slight expression of mister Genet’s yesterday, doubted whether he did not chuse to wait upon the President separately from mister Ternant, he called on the latter yesterday evening, but he was not at home. he called again this morning, & left it to himself & mister Genet to come together or separately as they should chuse. Ternant now writes that he will wait on the President precisely a quarter before two, consequently separately from mister Genet.


Title: Henry Knox to Tobias Lear, 18 May 1793
From: Knox, Henry
To: Lear, Tobias

My dear Sir
War department 18 May 1793.

Please to submit to the President of the United States the enclosed letters from Governor Blount of the 18th 20th and two of the 25th Ultimo, also one from Governor Shelby of the 18 Ultimo, and two from Brigadier General Wilkinson, one dated the 31st of March and the other the 10th of April. I am my dear Sir Your humble servant

H. Knoxsecy of War.


Title: From George Washington to Edmund Randolph, 18 May 1793 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Randolph, Edmund

Letter not found: to Edmund Randolph, c.18 May 1793. Randolph wrote GW on 18 May, “I was from home, sir, on the business of your letter, when you did me the honor of stopping at our house.”


Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 18 May 1793
From: Randolph, Edmund
To: Washington, George

(Private)[Philadelphia] May 18. 1793.
E. Randolph presents his sincere respects to the President.
I was from home, sir, on the business of your letter, when you

did me the honor of stopping at our house. I really believe, that restitution is the wish of the majority of the merchants. But I find, that they do not distinguish the cases very accurately. Some, when they speak of restitution, think, that the Grange is the object; others, that the improper granting of the commission can be animadverted on by restitution only; others, that there can be no other mode devised, for punishing the American citizens. A few, and but a few, seem to have separated the conduct of Mr G——t, and our own people, from the rights of the Captors. As I knew Colo. Griffin to mingle hourly and intimately with the merchants, I called upon him to converse with him indirectly. He affirmed roundly, that nine out of ten were against restitution. I suspect that he has mistaken the persons: the bulk of the citizens are undoubtedly opposed to it; but the existence of our poor mercantile capitals is so interwoven with those of Great Britain, that the pleasure of the British merchants must always be a rule of action to Ours, who are necessarily for restitution.
I fell in with Mr B—ngh—m, and soon found an opportunity of turning the discourse very easily into the practice, observed by the French, during the last war, before they had declared themselves in favor of the U.S. He mentioned two or three instances of punishing the French Subjects, who took commissions for privateers against the English; but could not recollect one of restitution. He said indeed, that a small privateer, which he secretly fitted out, captured a guinea-ship, under a commission, granted within the French jurisdiction; that the captain was imprisoned; but that either from the negroes being quickly dispersed into various parts of Hispaniola, or some other cause, restitution was not attempted. He added a circumstance, which is pretty obvious, that our situations are not precisely parallel; France then being backward in countenancing those, who were deemed rebels; while we are now an independent neutral nation in the fullest sense. But this predicament of France furnishes A further observation, that restitution would not have been much-scrupled by France, if there had been plausible grounds for it; and therefore an example of this kind not being known is some argument against its propriety.
When we left your house yesterday, I urged Mr Jefferson to discover from Mr Genest his temper upon this subject, and his participation in the affair of the commission. He expressed his hope, that something might result from a communication with

him, which might lessen the present embarrassment. Perhaps an intimation to Mr J. may induce him to be more Earnest in this pursuit.


Title: From George Washington to Anthony Whitting, 19 May 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Whitting, Anthony

Mr Whiting,
Philadelphia May 19th 1793.

Your letters of the 10th & 15th are both received; & it gives me pleasure to find by them that appearances for good crops are still favorable. I hope they will continue. The Hessian fly is among the Wheat in these parts, & doing much injury to it.
When I directed Frank to be employed in prosecuting the painting, it was under an idea, & from what I thought my recollection had furnished that there remained part of what I had requested to be done, yet unfinished; particularly the tops of the necessaries & two Garden houses; for if these were done when I was at home, I own I have been under a mistake. By a recurrence to my former letters respecting this business, you will see what it

was I wanted done; and if it be done, I desire no further proceeding in that way at present; as the Mansion house & Offices both (if I mistake not) will want some repairs before they can be painted, and at any rate more skill than Frank possesses to do them properly.
I do not think locust pins would do for fastning the treading floor—1st because I think they would work loose, and in that case endanger the legs of the horses. 2dly because perforating the Joists in so many places, & so near together, might weaken them too much (if the holes were bored deep, & unless this was done the 2½ inch square pieces would soon work loose)—and thirdly because it would be extremely tedeous to make the pins & bore the number of holes that would be required. Spikes will unquestionably come high, as will the Nails also, but these expences are incidental to the work, & not to be avoided; but to make the expence as easy as you can, do not entrust too many Nails at a time with the work men; but compare there calls for, with the application of them (which will be no difficult matter) & thereby check both waste and embezzlement. The last of which is most to be apprehended. If by taking whole barrels (I mean buying by the barrel) you can get the sorts you want cheaper, it is better to do so, as they will be wanting for other purposes.
If, After returning the Shells which have been borrowed, you should, with what will be left, make your whole stock on hand 1000 bushls, I conceive it will be enough; provided the information you have received of the quantity which will lay a thousd bricks, be just.
I think you did very right in putting Reuben along with Davis, as the Brick work will require to be first done; but, I wish you to tell Neuclus, as from me, that if his pride is not a Sufficient stimulus to excite him to industry, and admonition has no effect upon him—that I have directed you to have him severely punished and placed under one of the Overseers as a common hoe negro.
I am satisfied from what you have said, that it would not be proper to bring all my Sheep into one flock, & so to be penned; and if you think drawing off two score of the latter, & most indifferent lambs is proper, it may be done; but not ’till they are weaned, or actually seperated with their mothers from the rest of the flock; for unless one of these is done, I am sure, that so far

from havg 40 of the worst, disposed of I shall have that number of the choicest taken if from the flock at large. So well am I acquainted with the practices & contrivances of the Butchers; & the inattention & carelessness of the Overseers, to whom they may go—if taken away as they are wanted. I had rather not part with one, unless this apprehension of mine is fully, & compleatly guarded against. All the declining Sheep of every sort might be disposed of, after they can, by good pasture & attention, be got in order for it—In a word—I wish every possible care may be used to improve the breed of my Sheep; & to keep them in a thriving & healthy State. The same with regard to my Cattle; & there is no measure so likely to effect this as by a judicious choice of the subjects that are bred from. It is owing to this that Bakewell and others, are indebted for the remarkable quality & Sales of their Cattle & Sheep; the like attention would produce the like effect in this, as well as in other Countries. I am fully persuaded, if some of my best Cows were selected & put to (what is called) the Callico Bull & all the Calves which took their Shape & appearance from him set apart for Breeders (for I am told his make is exactly that which Bakewell prefers and aims at getting) that I should, in a few years have a very valuable breed of Cattle. Such conduct will apply equally to Sheep. The quantity of either Species of Stock—that is Cattle & Sheep—ought, in my opinion, to depend wholly upon the support which can be provided—and that, the more you have of both with an eye to this consideration, the more you may have, as they do, in themselves, afford the means, by the manure they make.
If for the sake of making a little butter (for which I shall get scarcely any thing) my calves are starved, & die; it may be compared to stopping the spigot, and opening the faucit. that is to say—I shall get two or three shillings by butter, & loose 20 or 30/. by the death, or injury done to my calves. Milk sufficient should be left for them, or a Substitute provided; otherwise I need not look forward either to the increase or improvement of my Stock.
Not a moment should be lost, after the Wool is taken from the Sheeps backs, in having it Spun & wove, that it may be made up in time for the Negros clothing: & Grey should be told that if he does not Weave it as fast as it is carried to him, that he shall not only loose my custom, but, must lookout for some other tenement;

because this, and not the Rent, was the inducement for placing him there. However, Speaking of the Rent, let me enquire whether he pays it regularly or not?
I have no intention of Renting any of my fishing landings for a term of years. consequently, have no objection to your providing a new, & repairing the old Sein, against another Season—And I approve of your laying in a number of Fish Barrels agreeably to your Suggestion; especially if you can buy them at what you suppose, which will be much better than making of them by my Coopers.
If Mr Butler is the kind of man you describe him to be, he certainly can be of no use to me; and sure I am, there is no obligation upon me to retain him from charitable motives; when he ought rather to be punished as an imposter: for he well knew the Services he had to perform, & which he promised to fulfil with zeal, activity & intelligence. A Stirring, lively & spirited man, who will act steadily & firmly, being necessary, I authorise you to get one if you should part with Butler; for it is indispensably necessary that a stop should be put to that Spirit of thieving & house breaking, which has got to such a height among my People, or their associates. As one step towards the accomplishment of which, I desire you will absolutely forbid the Slaves of others resorting to the Mansion house; Such only excepted as have wives or husbands there—or, such as you may particularly license from a knowledge of their being honest & well disposed—all others, after sufficient forewarning, punish whensoever you shall find them transgressing these orders.
It is high time, in my opinion, that you were planting the Potatoes at Mansion house; and rather than suffer the ground to get grassy, or wait for the return of the Horses which were lent Mrs Fanny Washington (an event quite uncertain, as she was at Doctr Stuarts the 9th instant waiting for her Brother in law, who might not come at all) I think you had better get a Sufficient number of Plows from the Plantations, & cause it to be got in order without delay.
My Mind is impressed with many things, which you have been required to give answer to, which have never been received; and this will forever be the case if you depend upon the mere reading a letter over when you set down to answer it; without first noting on a Slate or a piece of waste paper, every point as you come

to it, that requires to be touched upon; crossing it when complied with; or to stand uncrossed if you are unable to give an answer at that moment until you can do it at another time. Among these things is one of a very interesting nature to me—namely—an exact experiment and worth of an hundred bushels of Wheat when manufactured—compared with the price of it in grain—that I might decide therefrom whether it would have been best to sell my Wheat, or Manufacture it into flour, before it was too late to decide. After frequently writing & pressing this matter, I at length got an imperfect Statement made from light wheat; but was promised a more perfect one but which has never been recd; although it is months since it was promised. I mention this as one instance, because, if 100 bushels had, in time, have given me the same evidence of the fact, which I fear the whole quantity of my Crop has done or will do—I should have sold my wheat in grain which would, I presume, have commanded a dollar pr Bushl at any time; & this on 4009½ bushls wch I perceive has been delivered at the Mill, would have amounted to, in Virga Curry £1202.8.0; whereas the quantity of flour made from it—viz.—283 barls of Superfine—and 317 of fine, the first at 33/ & the other at 31/. which, I believe, is the highest that has been given, comes to no more than £988.6. difference £214.2. Now, if the midlings, Ship stuff, Shorts & Bran does not amount to this difference, all short of it is loss; besides lying out of my money—the hazard of selling the flour—and risk of its souring if I cannot dispose of it to advantage before the warm weather sets in. I have selected this as an important instance of suffe[r]ing things to escape—I could enumerate many more of no other or greater moment than as they would have gratified me; not being able to see things myself. But the reason why I mention this, (as I am fully satisfied you have every disposition in the world to comply with my wishes) is merely to let you see that it is by trusting too much to your memory, that these things happen. I am persuaded no instance has happened of your asking me a question by letter—or applying for directions without receiving an answer. The reason is, that whenever I set down to write to you, I read your letter, or letters carefully over, & as soon as I come to a part that requires to be noticed, I take a short note on the cover of a letter, or piece of waste paper; then read on to the next, noting that

in like manner; and so on until I have got through the whole letter & reports. Then in writing my letter to you, as soon as I have finished what I have to say on one of these notes I draw my pen through it & proceed to another—and another, until the whole is done—crossing each as I go on, by which means if I am called off twenty times whilst I am writing, I can never with these notes before me finished—or unfinished—omit any thing I wanted to say; & they serve me also as I keep no copies of letters I write to you, as Memorandums of what has been written if I should have occasion at any time to refer to them. I wish you well & am Yr friend

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Anonymous, 20 May 1793
From: Anonymous
To: Washington, George

Philadelphie ce 20. Mai 1793.

un malheureux Homme Ce trouvent dans une mauvais etat, prie a monsr le President Washington, de vouloir lui assistér avec 60. dolls.; d’quelle bonté, Cet malheureux Homme sera toujour dans la Reconoissance, & Remerciment de un bon Ami de l’humanité Comme Monsr le Precident Washington.
Si Cet malheureux Homme mérite la Grace de Monsr le president Washington, Il Lui priê de lui envoier Cette somme, dans une Lettre, pour la voie de la Poste; adressér a Monsr Mira a Philadelphie; en même tems Cet malheureux Homme prie a Monsr le President Washington, bone ami de l’humanite, de vouloir lui donnér sa Reponce, demain au soir a 6 heures.


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 20 May 1793
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

[Philadelphia] 20 May 1793.

The Secretary of the Treasury has the honor respectfully to submit to the President of the United States a communication of

the 15th inst: From the Collector & Naval officer of Baltimore, concerning the conduct of the third Mate of the Revenue Cutter, Active.


Title: Tobias Lear to Thomas Jefferson, 20 May 1793
From: Lear, Tobias
To: Jefferson, Thomas

[Philadelphia] May 20th 1793

T. Lear has the honor, by the President’s command, to return to the Secretary of State the following letters &c. which were laid before the President on Saturday the 18th currt.
A Letter from Mr Short of the 6th of March.
Copy of Letters to & from the Governor of St Augustine.
Copy of treaties between the Spaniards & several of the Indian Nations.
Copy of a letter to the Minister of France of 15th curt.
Translation of Mr Genet’s letter of Credence.
Do of Mr Ternant’s letter of recall.
There is also enclosed a letter from Mr Vall Travers to the President, which he wishes the Secretary of State to peruse & give thereto such an Answer as may be proper.


Title: To George Washington from Edward Newenham, 22 May 1793 [letter not found]
From: Newenham, Edward
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Edward Newenham, c.22 May 1793. Newenham wrote GW on 7 June 1793, “I sent you all our Irish Papers by the Eliza (bound to New York) from the 8th of March to the 22d of may.”


Title: To George Washington from James Simpson, 22 May 1793
From: Simpson, James
To: Washington, George

Sir
Gibraltar 22d May 1793

I had the honor of addressing Your Excellency 30th last Month accompanying a dispatch from Mr Francis Chiappe—I have now that of inclosing with this another from his Brother Mr Joseph Chiappe of Mogodor. I have the honor to be Sir Your Most Obedient & Most Humble Servt

James Simpson


Title: To George Washington from Robert Townsend Hooe, 23 May 1793
From: Hooe, Robert Townsend
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Alexandria [Va.] May 23d 1793.

I acknowledge the Honor of recieving Your Excellencys Letters of the 7th & 17th of this Month. The first unfortunately lay unopen’d ’till the 20th—the day of my return from Loudon where I had been for fourteen days before. The Letter it enclosed for Mr Keith I instantly deliverd. The other I only recieved at the moment I was sitting out for the District Court; And thus circumstanced, I hope Sir, to stand excused for not answering immediately, as it my Duty to do, if it had been in my power to do it.
Mr Keith Mr Wilson Colo. Little and myself have appointed Saturday next to go into the Business that Your Excellency’s Letter of the 7th relates to, and I hope it will end with your approbation.
The Flour, that you mention in Yours of the 17th, I most willingly would Buy; But, I am afraid it is not in my power to go so high in Price as you think it ought to fetch. On Saturday last it Sold Currently at 27/6 & 29/6, & even at 27 & 29/. to day it has Sold at 28/ & 30/. These are Prices I am giving to the Waggons, and altho’ I confess more ought to be given for larger quantities, I do not know the difference, as very considerable Parcells may be made up in the course of a day from them, there being vast numbers coming in daily from all quarters Loaded with Flour principally. I will however venture to offer Your Excellency as far as 32/ for fine & 34/ for Superfine, and Pass my Note for the Payment thereof Negotiable at the Bank at 90 d[ay]s t.—which you can keep up for 60 d[ay]s and order it discounted for the Remaining 30, or apply it to the purpose you mention, if necessary, as you may chuse. In case you accept my offer, I expect to

recieve the Flour at Alexandria, & on that part Stored with me, there will be no Storeage to Pay. I am, Sir, Your Excellency’s, most Obt Servt

R. Td. Hooe

I was informed the other day that an attempt would be made by Shepherd, who keeps Tavern at Difficult Bridge, to Condemn part of your Land for a Mill that he is abt to erect—a Friend of yours requested of me to mention it to you. I shall attend the Loudon June Court, & if you have any orders to give Respecting this matter I will serve you to the best of my power.


Title: To George Washington from David Jameson, Jr., 23 May 1793
From: Jameson, David Jr.
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
York Town Virginia 23d May 1793

In a meeting of the Dismal Swamp Company at this place yesterday it was determined that each Share should on or before the first day of July next Contribute Eighty Dollars for purposes in the resolution expressed, And as I was deputed to Represent my Uncle David Jameson of this place (who was unable to attend in person) And entered the proceedings; I was requested to write to the absent Members or their representatives to give information of the requisition, and appointment of another meeting—I have therefore taken the liberty of enclosing those two resolutions to you, and to inform you that it is earnestly requested that all concerned will either attend in person or by representatives properly Authorised to Act for them as business of Consequence is proposed —Some changes by descent and purchases

has taken place and introduced some New Members who appear anxious to improve that property, in consequence of which it is hoped Active measures will be persued for that purpose.
You will observe that the money is directed to be paid into the hands of my worthy relation your old friend as Treasurer. But I am very Sorry to inform you that I much fear he will not live to see that time arrive, as he is at this moment, and has been for four Weeks past on a languishing bed in a very, very low State—hardly able to Articulate a word owing to a most Violent Spasmodic affection Which Continued on him for upwards of four hours in consequence of Which his whole Nervous Sistem has undergone a great change which with a fever which has attended him ever since has reduced him so low that he is now incapable of giving any assistance to move him on his bed. I have been particular on this Subject because I hope he has your good wishes and Esteem—My Brother (Colo. John Jameson) or myself will be here to do whatever may be necessary in his stead. Although I have not the Honor of a personal acquaintance with you I must take the liberty to assure you that I am with most Sincere Esteem and Hearty wishes for your Happiness Your Obedient Humble Servant

D. Jameson Junr


Title: To George Washington from William Fitzhugh, Jr., 24 May 1793
From: Fitzhugh, William Jr.
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Baltimore May 24th 1793

My Father desires me to present you his most respectful & affectionate wishes—He begs your acceptance of a China Bowl which may possibly be novel from its size & antiquity—it being much older than himself—It has been very carefully packed up & he hopes it will reach you safe[.] My Father is now here on his way to Washington County—having determined to reside with me near Hagers Town—since the Loss of my Mother—an Event which took place the 24th March last[.] He unites with me in Compliments and best wishes to you Mrs Washington & Family. with perfect respect & regard I am Dr Sir Yr mst obedt & vry huml. Servt

Wm Fitzhugh Junr


Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 24 May 1793
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

Sir,
War department May 24th 1793

I have the honor to submit to your consideration the drafts of two letters to the Governors of the several Atlantic States which have been inspected and approved by the heads of the other departments and the Attorney General. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect Your most obedt Servant

H. Knox


Title: From George Washington to the Provisional Executive Council of France, 24 May 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Provisional Executive Council of France

Very great and good friends & allies.
[Philadelphia, 24 May 1793]

The citizen Ternant has delivered to me the letter wherein you inform me that yielding to his desire to serve his country in the

military line, you had determined to recall him from his mission as your Minister plenipotentiary to the U.S. His conduct during the time of his residence in this country has been such as to meet my entire appobation & esteem; and it is with great pleasure I render him the justice of this testimony. in whatever line of service you may hereafter think proper to employ him, I have no doubt he will so conduct himself as to merit well of his country and to obtain it’s favor and protection.
I assure you, with a sincere participation, of the great and constant friendship which these U.S. bear to the French nation, of the interest they feel in whatever concerns their happiness & prosperity, and of their wishes for a perpetual fraternity with them, and I pray god to have them & you, very great & good friends and allies, in his holy keeping.
Written at Philadelphia this 24 day of May in the year of our lord 1793 & of the independence of the U.S. the 17th.

Go. Washington
By the PresidentTh: Jefferson


Title: Alexander Hamilton to Tobias Lear, 25 May 1793
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Lear, Tobias

Dear sir,
[Philadelphia] 25th May 1793.

The proper fund for the payment of the enclosed is the 10,000 Dollars for defraying the contingent Expences of the Government. Will you add a few words directing it to be paid out of that fund. Yours

A: Hamilton


Title: Henry Knox to Tobias Lear, 25 May 1793
From: Knox, Henry
To: Lear, Tobias

Dear Sir
[Philadelphia] 25th May 1793

Be pleased to submit the enclosed letters from Major Habersham, and Major Gaither to the President of the United States. Yours

H. Knox


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Mifflin, 25 May 1793
From: Mifflin, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Sir.
Philadelphia, 25th May 1793.

The Secretary at War, in a letter dated the 23d instant, represents, that you confide to me, the charge of interposing in all cases of hostility committed between the belligerent parties, within the protection of this State; and signifies your desire, that I should, with the aid of the Militia, detain the parties first aggressing, until I can communicate the case to you, with the evidences in writing, which may establish the facts, for your ultimate decision. I shall on this, and on every other occasion, employ the constitutional authority of my office, to support the national honour,

and enforce that impartiality, which ought to be observed, towards the powers engaged in the present war. If, therefore, any act of hostility, shall be committed within the jurisdiction of Pennsylvania, you may be assured, Sir, that I will take the most prompt and efficacious measures to accomplish the object of your communication.
By another letter of the 24th instant, the Secretary at War signifies your request, that if within this State, any vessels are commissioned, equipped and manned, as Privateers, on behalf of any of the belligerent powers named in your proclamation, I would effectually interpose to put a stop to it. On this subject, likewise, you may rely on my attention and exertions; and, in order to obtain the necessary information, I shall direct the Wardens of the Port of Philadelphia to be vigilant in their enquiries, and punctual in their reports, respecting any attempts to introduce the practice, to which the letter of the Secretary at War refers.
If any other measures shall be deemed proper and necessary, to give effect to your Excellency’s design in making the above communications, I shall cheerfully adopt them, whenever they are suggested to me. I am, with perfect respect, Sir, Your Excellency’s Most Obedt Hble servant.

Tho. Mifflin