Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 26 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

Dr Sir,
Head Quarters Middle Brook 26th May 1779

I have duly received your favor of the 8th inst. with its inclosures—I have reason to hope that the extremity of distress to which the troops at the Eastward have been exposed for want of bread will be relieved and that the Commissary will have it in his power to prevent its happening again. The state of our money involves a variety of distracting difficulties which are rather to be lamented than remedied—If I am rightly informed a present supply has lately been sent on to the Quarter Master at Springfield, which I hope will enable him to forward the stores from that place—The army must suffer greatly if they meet with any extraordinary delay. I am satisfied of your exertions to do every thing circumstances will permit.
As the army will now shortly take the field and a general disposition must be made for the campaign I am to request you will forthwith repair to Head Quarters. I am with very great esteem Dr Sir Your Obet servant
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 26 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

Sir.
Head Quarters Middlebrook 26th May 1779.

Mr Wadsworth who is just now returned from the Eastward, informs me, that a vessel had arrived there from Charlestown S. Carolina, the captain of which told him, that he slipped out of the harbour, the night of the 5th instant (a fresh embargo being laid that evening on all the shipping, and the sailors ordered on shore for the defence of the Town). The report was that the enemy were on this side of Purisburgh, and superior in numbers to our army.
As this intelligence may not have reached Congress; and as Mr Wadsworth tells me the Captain is a person of veracity, I thought it necessary to make the communication. I am sir your Excellencys most obedient and hble servt
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Arthur St. Clair, 26 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: St. Clair, Arthur

Dr Sir,
Head Quarters Middle Brook 26th May 1779

My intelligence from new York renders it indispensibly necessary for me to look towards the Posts in the highlands. As your division has been inspected, I wish you to hold it in the most perfect readiness for marching and encamping at an hours wa[r]ning—for these purposes you will settle matters with the Qr ⟨M⟩r Genl. ⟨As⟩ it is much my wish to have ⟨a light active Army this campaign, I shall rely fully upon you (principally) & the Officers commanding Brigades & Regiments (in general) in yr division to see that the orders of the 17th of April are strictly complied with so far as they relate to their respective commands. I am &ca
        G. W——n⟩


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Israel Shreve, 26 May 1779
From: Shreve, Israel
To: Washington, George

        Dr Gen:
Elizabethtown [N.J.] May 26th 1779

Captain Castles Come out of Ney York Yesterday in Exchange, he is a very Intillegent person. Says for three or four Days past the Enemy have Been puting on board transports A Great No. of Shells and Other Military Stores.
that all the Shiping in the Harbour Are Ordered to be in Readiness to Sail upon the Shortest Notice, by Several Accounts Since My Last, part of the Enemy with three Ships And a Number of flat boats has Returned from a Manuver up North River, they are Now Encamped at Spiken Devil.
by the Return of the flagg Sloop plenty Last Evening and one from the other side this morning, Came an uncommon Number of Letters and News papers Directed to Tories in philadelphia, two of which Letters after Roasting I here Inclose, Many of them Breathes peace Immediately Others Asures their friends the Enemy are Comeing to Philada Again &c. Many of them I have Condemned and burnt, the News of Pandeckery and Rivingtons Account of Gen. Matthews in Virginia, fill many of the Letters.
there are about twenty persons men Women and Children, Now Waiting at this post to go in the Enemys Lines, with passes from the Different States, this business with the Situation of the post, I find Calls for the Greatest Attention, As Our Enemys Wish to take Every Little Advantage they possably Can.
While I have the Honour to Comand here Shall pay the Greatest Attention as to the Safety of the place, and Do all in my power to prevent Abuses. I am with the Greatest Respect your Excys Most Obedt Hume Servt
I. Shreve Colo.


Title: To George Washington from Major General John Sullivan, 26 May 1779
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Easton [Pa.] May 26th 1779

I am honored with your Excellenceys favor of the 24th Instant. Am happy to Inform you that the Difficulty Respecting waggons is removed as the Executive Councill of Pensylvania have granted warrants upon the waggon masters of the Counties of North Hampton Berks & Bucks to Supply Every Deficiencey at the Same time they request me not to use this authority but with Caution & only in Cases where the Exertions of our Quarter Masters may fail to procure them. I Shall notwithstanding use Every means to Retrench the Baggage of the Army as much as possible. I know the Quantity of powder Demanded from the ordinance Board is great but when we Consider That all the Garrisons are now Destitute of Ammunition That our Cartridges are Liable to numerous Accidents & that it never was Intended to Carry the Surplus farther than the Garrisons of Wyoming & Augusta where it might Serve us in time of necessity & that the Trouble of getting it to those places by water cannot be attended with much Inconvenience when Compared to that which we must Experience in Case of a Deficiencey taking place & am Remaining Idle while a Supply might be brought on from Philadelphia or the main Army. I cant Suppose Yr Excy will Deem the measure Imprudent.
I thank your Excellencey for the Cautions you are pleased to give Shall thank you for Every advice which you may please to Communicate & Doubt not that my Conduct will better prove the weight Your Excellenceys advice has upon my mind & the Desire I have to fulfill Every wish of yours than any words I am able to use will Express. I have been honored [with] your Excellenceys favor of the Same Date in answer to mine of the 21st & think the measures adopted by your Excellencey for affording us Supplies must prove amply Sufficient and the attention Your Excellencey is pleased to pay to us gives me the most Encouraging & pleasing prospect.
I have been honored with Your Excellenceys favor of the 23d Instant I have wrote the Board of war for the Fusees & Shall make use of Every precaution to prevent their being Lost or Imbezzled (if procured.) Governor Clintons Expedition will answer an Exceeding good purpose I Shall Correspond with him & Let him know Every movement of ours that he may be Enabled to govern his movements Accordingly and Shall Settle matter So as to Co-opperate with him Effectually.
I Shall Endeavor to arrange matters So as to have a Compliance with your Excellenceys opinions of making a Diversion on the Deleware previous to the main Armys marchg from Wyoming as this will in all probability answer the most Salutary purposes—our Road though more Difficult than was at first apprehended will Soon be Compleated I only wait to hear from Susquehannah before I move the whole Army for wyoming I Expect the Intelligence Every moment I have the Honor to be most Respectfully Dear General Yr Exceys most obedt Servt
Jno. Sullivan


Title: To George Washington from Major Benjamin Tallmadge, 26 May 1779
From: Tallmadge, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

Sir
Durham [Conn.] May 26. 1779

Being informed of a direct opportunity to convey a letter to Hd Qrs, I have the Honour of inclosing to your Excellency a Return of the British Lt Infantry, previous to their leaving the E. End of Long Island. Possibly it may be of some service to compare with other Returns.
The Letter which was expected from C—— by the middle of this month did not come to hand. The Reason of its failure, I am informed, was his having wrote your Excellency by some Conveyance in the Channel heretofore pointed out—As soon as some of the ink mentioned in your last favr can be obtained, I hope the difficulties at present attending such a Conveyance, may be in a great measure removed.
        Colo. Sheldon, unwilling to trouble your Excellency with a particular letter on the Subject, desires me to inform that he is extreemly anxious to obtain Remounts for his Regt.
I shall ride to Fairfield on the Begining of next month, from whence I hope to forward your Excellency a Letter from C.—— As I shall have no other business to detain me, I shall immediately return to the Regt. I am &c.


Title: General Orders, 27 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook thursday May 27th 1779.
Parole Eslingen—C. Signs Elburg Elna—

Major Generals Greene and De Kalb and Brigadier Generals Smallwood, Knox, Woodford and Muhlenberg are desired to meet tomorrow morning 11 ôclock at the Court Martial room to take into consideration a dispute of rank between Lieutt Colonels Hubley and Connor and also between Major Prowel and the Captains in the Pennsylvania line and report thereon to the Commander in Chief.
The troops are to apply to the Quarter Master General without delay for tents in the following proportion for each regiment.
One Markee and one Horseman’s tent for the Field Officers—
One horseman’s tent for the officers of each company
One Wall’d-tent for the Adjutant.
One ditto           for the Quarter Master—
One ditto           for the Surgeon and Mate—
One ditto           for the Pay-Master.
One common tent for Serjeant Majr & Qr Mastr Serjeant
One ditto           for the Fife and Drum-Major—
One ditto           for the non-commissioned officers of each company and one for every six privates including Drums and Fifes—

No regiment to have a greater proportion of tents either for officers or privates than the above; not even if the officers would furnish themselves at their own expence, as it will increase the baggage of the Army and render its operations more slow and tardy.
At a General Court Martial of the line whereof Colonel Greene is President May 17th 1779—Roger Finney and William Martin, soldiers in the 6th Pennsylvania regiment were tried for House-breaking and robbery” acquitted of house breaking, but found guilty of robbery and sentenced each, one hundred lashes.
Likewise Patrick English soldier in the Delaware regiment was tried for “Changing his clothes and name & reinlisting in one of the Jersey regiments found guilty of deserting, changing his name and reinlisting in one of the Jersey regiments being a violation of the 1st part of the 3rd Article of the 6th Section of the Articles of War & sentenced one hundred lashes.
The Commander in Chief approves the aforegoing sentences and orders them put in execution tomorrow at the heads of the regiments to which the delinquents respectively belong.
At the same Court May 24th 1779—Lieutenant Armstrong of the 3rd Pennsylvania regiment was tried for “Disobedience of orders in not sending a Prisoner to the Court Martial.
The Court, after considering the charge and testimony against Lieutenant Armstrong, the Note signed by Mr Michael and the defence, are of opinion, Lieutt Armstrong is not guilty of the charge exhibited against him; That he never received a legal order to send the Prisoners to the Court; That he acted as every good officer would or ought to have acted, and do acquit him with honor.
The Commander in Chief approves the sentence & orders Lieutenant Armstrong to be released from Arrest.


Title: From George Washington to the Board of War, 27 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

Gentlemen
Head Qrs Middle Brook May the 27: 1779

I have had the Honor to receive Your several favors of the 23d 24th 25th & 25th Instant.
I have spoken to the Quarter Master General upon the subject of Waggons and he has written, I believe, both to Mr Pettit & Mr Mitchell to use every possible exertion to obtain a supply.
I am exceedingly pained—that we are so deficient in point of Arms. As to the demands you mention to have been made by General Sullivan, I should think if the Troops composing his command, marched properly equipped in the first instance and which I presume was the case, that the Two hundred Muskets ordered from Carlisle, would be sufficient for any contingencies we may reasonably suppose can happen. I have however, to mention an application from him for Fusees for the Officers employed in the expedition. These appear to me to be necessary and if you can furnish them, or Carbines, the next best substitute, I would wish it to be done. I desired him to write to you upon the occasion and to transmit a return of the number wanted—and also that the Officers should give receipts for em when they are delivered. There are no Fusees or Carbines here. I have written to Genl Knox to send the Old Cartridge Boxes to Philadelphia as you request (reserving however a few for occasional demands), and also such Arms as are in very bad order and which can not be conveniently repaired in the Army.
Before the receipt of your favor containing an Extract from Governor Johnstons Letter, I had requested Genl Gist to proceed to Maryland in consequence of a Letter from her Delegates.
Captain Topham I should suppose might issue the shoes and overalls as you mention—and I am satisfied your Orders upon the occasion will be perfectly right.

I approve the Estimate of Cloathing which the Board have been pleased to transmit me—and have only to wish that the plan may be attended with a happy and speedy execution. I doubt not Hats &c. will be included or some arrangement for em provided. The Estimate for the Officers cloathing cannot be too soon completed—or measures pursued to give it effect. Their condition—or at least the condition of a great part of them is really distressing, and if effectual means are not adopted to relieve them, necessity must oblige them to quit the service. I hope besides the plan under consideration, as it’s operation must be remote, that some expedient will be devised for intermediate relief. Without this is also done, I fear many will be compelled to return to their Homes. I have the Honor to be with great respect Gent. Yr Most Obedt st
Go: Washington
P.S. I transmit you the inclosed arrangement of the 2d Connecticut Regt for Commissions.


Title: To George Washington from the Board of War, 27 May 1779
From: Board of War
To: Washington, George

Sir
War Office [Philadelphia] May 27. 1779

By a private Letter from your Excellency shewn to one of the Board by General Wayne it appears your Opinion is different from ours on the Subject of the Quota’s the States are to raize. We were directed by Congress to give Information to the Legislature of New Jersey on an Application from the Government of that State on a Question put to Congress & sent them the Letter of which the enclosed is a Copy. We always took a Distinction between a State Quota & a Battallion Complement. On consulting many Members of Congress we find our Sentiments confirmed. But we wish that previous to giving our final Opinion we had consulted your Excellency who has no Doubt attended more than we have to the Subject. We shall yet be happy to hear from you upon this Matter when your Leisure will permitt as perhaps your Excellency’s Reasons might induce us to agree in Opinion with you in Case of any future Application. We have the Honour to be with the greatest Respect your very obedt Servants
Richard PetersBy order


Title: To George Washington from the Board of War, 27 May 1779
From: Board of War
To: Washington, George

Sir
War Office [Philadelphia] May 27. 1779

The Board have recieved the Order of Congress, on the Subject of Baylor’s Regt, enclosed. We have no other Objection to the directing the Horses to be purchased but the excessive Price. It will cost near sixty thousand Pounds Currency to purchase the Numbers of Horses required. Yet on the Consideration, that the Men are provided with every other Article necessary to enable them to take the Field. That the Horse now ordered on the Southern Service particularly will speedily want Relief as the Nature of that Service & the Situation of the Country which is the Scene of Operations is such that many of the Horses will be very soon noneffective—That in Case of Accident to the Lt Dragoons in the Field it will be necessary to have a Supply & in Case of Necessity Horses are not to be immediately had—The Board are of Opinion the dismounted Men of Baylors should notwithstanding the Enormity of the Expence be supplied with Horses. But we will suspend issuing any Order on the Subject until your Opinion is recieved as we wish to avoid putting the States to Expence where not most essentially necessary. We do not think it best to augment the Numbers of the Regiments of Dragoons by further Enlistments, but it should seem absolutely expedient to equip the Men already in the Corps with the Means of rendering Service.
As the dismounted Men of Baylors must wait at least two Months before they can (if it should be judged proper) be furnished with Horses; the Board were of Opinion & gave Directions accordingly to Capt. Jones, that the Men should proceed from Frederick Town to Baltimore where being furnished with Arms they might assist in protecting the Coasts of Chesapeak or guarding the public Stores during the Enemy’s being in that Bay. If the British Troops should leave that Quarter it appears the best Use that could be made of Baylors Men would be to station Part of them at the Head of Elk & Part at Trenton to guard the Stores which are too frequently lost at both those Places, for which also the Board have given Capt. Jones eventual Instructions. We have the Honour to be very respectfully your obedt Servants
Richard PetersBy order


Title: From George Washington to Margaret De Lancey, 27 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: De Lancey, Margaret

Madam,
Head Qrs Middlebrook May 27th 79

Your letter accompanied by three others was delivered me this morning. I am extremely sorry that my inclination to oblige you is unavoidably restricted to a partial compliance with your request. With respect to your cloaths, I am happy to have it in my power to grant the permission you desire, but I could not extend it to the other articles without infringing rules with which I am not at liberty to dispense. The mention of these and an assurance, that I have in no instance departed from them, will I am persuaded make any further apology superfluous. I return you the letters to Mrs Elliot and Miss Walton that you may give them a form corresponding with what I now express, and I shall then forward them with pleasure and furnish the necessary passports.
Mrs Washington begs to return her compliments. I am respectfully Madam Yr Most Obedt ser.
G. W——n


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Mordecai Gist, 27 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Gist, Mordecai

Sir,
[Middlebrook, 27 May 1779]

The State of Maryland apprehending an attack from the enemy now in Chesapeak bay have requested that you might be sent there to take the command. You will therefore proceed forthwith to Baltimore apply to the Governor and concert with him the measures necessary to be taken on the occasion.
Your present command is only temporary. So soon as the enemy have left Chesapeak bay and the danger which now threatens is over—you are immediately to rejoin the army and resume your command in the line.
You will be pleased to advise me of any interesting circumstances that may occur. Given at Head Quarters Middle Brook May 27th 1779.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 27 May 1779
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

Sir
Camp [Middlebrook] May 27. 1779.

A few days since I was mentioning to your Excellency the impossibility of subsisting the Cattle of the Army in the way now pursued by applying to the Magestrate for pasture ground. The slow progress of the business in this way is totally inadequate to our wants.
The necessity for changing positions and Sudden Marches that frequently take place in the Army, will not admit of the present mode of applications to the Magestrate without producing such tedious delays and interruptions to the service as cannot fail to ruin all our Opperations.
I have inclosed a copy of Colo. Biddles letter to me on this subject which will give your Excellency a pretty full state of our prospect of future supplies of forage both from this State & others. From which you will see the necessity of giving your orders to the forage master General to procure forage in the best manner he can for Subsisting the Cattle of the Army. I would wish to make the Laws of the state the rule of my Conduct in all cases where it can be adher’d to without ruin to the service; but a partial evil had much better be endur’d than a general ruin take place. I submit the matter to your Excellencys consideration and shall wait your instructions. I am with great respect Your Excellencys Most Obedient Humble servt
Nath. Greene Q.M.G.


Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 27 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

Sir
Head Qrs Middle Brook May the 27th 1779

I was last night honoured with your Excellency’s favor of the 25th—and with the papers to which it referred—which shall have my attention.
You will be pleased to receive Two New York Gazettes. I have the Honor to be with the greatest respect & esteem Yr Excellency’s Most Obedt sert
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Henry Knox, 27 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Knox, Henry

Dr Sir
Head Quarters Middlebrook 27th May 1779

I herewith transmit you an extract of a letter from the board of war of the 24th inst.; by which you will perceive, that the factory at Philadelphia turns out 60 or 70 cartridge boxes per day; and that the armory is in a situation to enter upon the repairs of arms. You will be pleased to have the old cartridge boxes now in store, and those returned on the distribution of new ones sent forward to Philadelphia for the purpose which the board mentions—and such arms as want repairs to the armory, agreeably to the recommendation of the board.

Brigadier Gen: Clinton writes me the 13th, that, “the ammunition I applied for at Fish Kill by virtue of Gen: Knox’s order, could not be all procured; the small quantity which could be spared, is on the way up. I am informed by letters from Col. Chevers that it is not to be had at Springfield; but that he had sent to Boston for it; I have sent an express to hasten it up tho I am affraid it will not arrive in time.”
I have given you this extract, that you may take the proper steps to have a supply at fish kill or its vicinity to answer any exigencies that may arise in this quarter. I am Dr Sir Your most hble servt
Go: Washington
P.S. It is not my intention that you should send all the arms out of repair; but retain what you think our camp armorers may be able to repair—Nor all the cartridge boxes. I wish to have a proportion of both for any occasional demand. In executing the order you will have reference to this restriction.

        Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Israel Shreve, 27 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Shreve, Israel

Letter not found: to Israel Shreve, 27 May 1779. On 28 May, Shreve wrote to GW acknowledging receipt of “one of the 27th.”


Title: General Orders, 28 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Friday May 28th 1779.
Parole Florentine—C. Signs Fermo Fez.


Title: Circular to General Officers, 28 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Sir,
Head Quarters Middle Brook 28th May 1779

The knowledge you have of the general situation of the enemy makes it unnecessary I should enter into any further detail than barely to inform you.

That their number at New York Staten and Long Island—supposing the detachment which went to Virginia to consist of two thousand men, agreeable to the accounts I have received—amounts according to the best estimate I have been able to form to about 9000 Men. At Rhode Island their strength is about 5 or 6000. Their remaining force in these States is in Georgia and Virginia—In addition to these, their whole influence is exerted to stimulate the Indians from one end of the Western frontier to the other against us, and reinforcements are expected from Europe. But what may be their precise destination or amount is uncertain—The current of intelligence points to New York and to at least 5000 Men.
Our own force and present disposition are pretty well known to you; but to give you a more exact idea, I shall observe, that, besides the Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia troops now in this Camp and the North Carolina troops at Paramus—there are three Brigades of Massachusetts troops and one of Connecticut on the North River—one of the latter at Danbury and about 2500 Continental troops at Rhode Island. You will be able to form a sufficiently accurate judgment of the collective strength of these corps; but if you should wish for more precise information, you can obtain it by applying to me. The rest of our force except about 6 or 700 on the Ohio will be employed to the Westward against the Indians.
I can say scarcely any thing of the reinforcements we have reason to expect—The measures persuing by the several States to augment their battalions and the success with which they are attended have as yet come but partially to my knowledge. I fear our prospects are very inconsiderable.
Under this concise account of matters and taking a comprehensive view of our affairs in general—particularly the state of our supplies and the depreciation of our currency—I am to request you will favor me with your opinion of the plan of conduct which it will be proper for us to persue at this juncture for the advancement of the common cause and for the honor & interest of the American Arms; in doing which, I shall be obliged by a very free and full communication of your sentiments. I am Sir Your Most Obet servant
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to a Board of General Officers, 28 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Board of General Officers

Gentlemen
Head Qrs Middle Brook May the 28: 1779

When you have adjusted the Arrangements and points of rank in the cases more particularly mentioned in the Orders of Yesterday—You will be pleased to take into consideration the relative rank of the Colonels of Artillery, except in the instance between Colonels Lamb & Harrison, which has been already determined.
You will also settle the rank of the Four Artillery Regiments. This last was reported by a Board of Officers at the White plains; but the Arrangement having been generally remonstrated against from a belief—that it was founded on an entire misconception or mistake of facts, it is necessary to have the matter taken up again and the order of their Arrangement fixed. You will find the Claims of the Colonels inclosed and their Observations respecting the precedence of their Regiments. I have also transmitted the Journals of Congress for 1776, the only Volume I have, which may possibly be material in the course of your deliberations. Genl Knox having expressed a disinclination to sit on this Board from the particular nature of the Business he is execused. You will be pleased to return me the papers with the Report. I have the Honor to be with great esteem Gent. Yr Most Obed. servt
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Daniel Bowers, 28 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Bowers, Daniel

Sir,
Head Qrs Middlebrook May 28th 1779

Your letter of the 26th of last Month accompanied by a piece of Cloth made of Buffaloes hair, & manufactured in your own family, came safe to my hands. For the flattering Sentimts contained in the letter, and for the novelty of the Cloth which you have been so obliging as to present me with the first fruits of, I thank you. I am highly sensible of these proofs of your approbation of my conduct, and thank you kindly for your good wishes. I am (though unknown) Yr Most Obedt Servt
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General James Clinton, 28 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, James

Sir,
Head Quarters Middle Brook May 28th 1779

I have duly received your favours of the 17th 18th and 20th—with their inclosures. The intelligence communicated by Mr Deane is important—I have transmitted it to General Sullivan.
Lieutenant Colonel Regnier will inform you that he is appointed a sub inspector agreeable to your recommendation. I wish however your influence to be exerted to have a brigade inspector appointed, as Lt Col. Regnier cannot answer the purpose longer than while your Brigade remains detached. I shall be happy if Major Fish will accept, as he acquitted himself with great credit in the office last campaign; and there is now a still more ample field for the exercise of military talents.
In Mr Deanes letter of the 9th, he mentions the determination of the Onondagas to give some decisive proof of their desire to conciliate our friendship. If they can be engaged, by stratagem, or force, to bring off Butler, or Brandt, or both, it will be a most essential piece of service which will meet with suitable encouragement. I recommend this to your particular attention.
I am informed by Mr Mitchel and Colonel Hay that the packet you are apprehensive of having miscarried was sent to General Schuyler, which is the cause of the delay. I hope ere this, it has reached you.
As our preparations in this quarter are now nearly ready to enter upon the intended operations to the Westward—I hope you have gotten every thing in readiness at Conojoharrie, as mentioned in your former instructions, to execute without delay the orders you shall receive from General Sullivan. If any thing remains to be done, it ought to be completed with all expedition. I am with esteem Sir Your most Obedt servant
Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General James Clinton, 28 May 1779
From: Clinton, James
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Albany May 28th 1779

I have been honoured with your Excellency’s Letter of the 22d instant, and am happy to hear that the Cloathing is on the way up, as it is much wanted.
Col. Ransselear informs me that he has received official Accounts, that a Quantity of Amunition is on the way from Boston and Springfield, so that I expect shortly to be amply supplyed.
I have ordered each of the Regiments now in this Department, except Warner’s who has not applyed, to be furnished with a Sum of money for the purpose of reinlisting such of the three year men as are disposed to engage during the War, in proportion to the number of such men in each Regiment, which money will probably be applyed for inlisting the nine months men or any others that may offer, and which may suffice for the present.
I flatter myself there will be no material Contention between the rival Officers of this State, which may in any wise injure the Service during the ensuing Campaign.
With respect to Major Fish, I cannot affirm that his indisposition will oblige him to leave the Service; by what I wrote in my last I woud be understood, that from his former ill state of health, the Duties of Brigade Major and Inspector woud rather be too severe for him, and consequently induce him to decline accepting my Proposal—and as he is in fact the only Major in the N.Y. line who is qualified for that Office, I requested that Major Popham may be continued with me in quality of an Aid de Camp, as he is acquainted with the duty, and his Services are much wanted in this Department let who will, be appointed.
I have enclosed a Copy of a Letter from Col. V. Schaick, to which I refer your Excy for particulars. You will see his Sentiments with respect to the Indians, and his inability to satisfy them for their Services; as I conceive this to be of perticular importance I have taken the Liberty to mention to your Excellency, that such provision may be made in future as you may think proper. In a former Letter he requests that Captain John Graham may be appointed Major in the room of Major Ledgard who is resigned; I join with him in this Requisition as he is the eldest Captain in the Line, and as there are but three Majors now in the five N.Y. Regiments, one of which is with Col. Courtland, and another unfit for duty by the loss of his Arm, the wound of which is not yet perfectly healed.
I would beg leave to inform your Excellency that I have thrown into Fort Schuyler a Quantity of Provision sufficient to supply a Garrison of five hundred men untill the first day of January next; I have also collected a quantity at Schanectady, where there are one hundred Batteaux ready to be loaded on the shortest notice; these I imagine will be sufficient to transport all the Stores and Provision which will be wanted for the intented Expedition.
I have not formed any Store at Conagoharie, except what is necessary for the immediate Supply of the Troops now lying there, as I conceived the Provision was much safer at Schanectady, especially as there were neither Houses or Barns near the River to couver it from the weather, and even if there were, it woud undoubtedly be an object worthy the attention of the Enemy.

I woud also beg leave to observe, that if your Excellency shoud think proper to order me to march to the head of the Susquehana, the distance from the Mohawk River to the Otsego Lake is twenty Miles, the Road hilly and much out of repair, so that it will require a great number of teams and a considerable length of time to transport our Batteaux, Provision &c. accross.
If I shoud be ordered to march by Fort Schuyler, tho there are two carrying Places, yet each is but one mile, therefore I cou’d proceed that way with more Expedition. I shoud be glad to know whether Pack horses will be wanted, if so I conceive The Quarter master shoud have some orders about them.
I have presumed to throw out these hints that if I shoud be ordered to form a junction with the main Army at the Susquehana, I may have timely notice and be in every respect prepared. I have the honour to be Your Excellency’s most humble Servt
James Clinton B. Gl
P.S. A Deputy Commissary of Prisoners is much wanted in this place for a short time, as there some officers & Men here out on Parole.


Title: From George Washington to the Commissioners for Indian Affairs, 28 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Commissioners for Indian Affairs

Gentlemen,
Head Quarters Middle Brook May 28th 1779

I have the honor to inclose you copies of two resolutions of Congress one of the 17th relating to a peace with the indians and another of the 22d relating to an exchange of prisoners.
The former took its rise from information received some time since from General Schuyler of a disposition in the Cayugas and Onondagas to enter into a peace with us—My opinion is, which I communicated to Congress, that it would be good policy the better to ensure the success of our Western operations to detach some of the inferior tribes of the hostile confederacy, while we are vigorously persuing the destruction of the more powerful and implacable. These indeed have not discovered any desire of pacification; but if they had, Considering the temper which has actuated them from the beginning of the war—the mischief they have done, the maxims that govern th[e]ir conduct and the little dependence that is to [be] placed on their engagements, I should esteem it very impolitic to let the great expence incurred in our preparations for chastising them be rendered fruitless, by listening to overtures of peace, which their apprehensions at this juncture might dictate; and which they would certainly violate the first fair opportunity. But as a partial peace with the smaller tribes will serve to distract and intimidate the rest—to weaken their collective opposition and facilitate our main design, it is to be wished the event may take place. I would not however recommend that it should be courted by us; but that the advances on their side should meet with a favourable reception and be turned to the best account. We may possibly engage them in enterprises which will be of advantage as preliminary proofs of their sincerity.
By the latest intelligence it appears that the Cayugas intend to persist in their hostility and to retire to the Seneca castles—but that the Onondagas retain their inclination for peace and have even offered to do something in evedence of its reality—If they could find means by stratagem or force to bring off Brandt or Butler or both, it would be doing us a most important service. I have hinted this to General Clinton through whom I have the intelligence of their offer. It was made under an injunction of secrecy. I think it will be adviseable to conclude a treaty with them on the best terms we can and to endeavour to employ them against their neighbours. If the Cayuga’s give new indications of a peaceful disposition I would encourage it in them also.
With respect to the exchange of prisoners it will be perfectly agreeable to me that any good citizens of ours in their possession should be exchanged for any disaffected inhabitants that the States to which they belong may judge it proper to give in return; and as it is a business interesting to humanity, I make no doubt the Commissioners will pay the most zealous attention to it, and obtain the sense of the States concerned as speedily as possible for the purpose of carrying on the negotiation. I would wish carefully to avoid confounding civil and military prisoners together or giving soldiers for inhabitants, as it leads to pernicious consequences. But I should be glad to have the exchange to comprehend the military as well as the civil, officer for officer of equal rank and private for private; so far as the number of prisoners captured on the frontier in our respective possessions will apply. I request a list of what remains may be transmitted to The Commissary General of Prisoners. With great respect & esteem I have the honor to be Gentlemen Your most Obedt serv.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Charles Harrison, 28 May 1779
From: Harrison, Charles
To: Washington, George

Sir
28th May 1779

In consequence of a Circular letter from your Excellency desiring my claim of Rank & that of the Regt under my command.
I begg leave to observe to you Sir my principles of Rank & that of my Regt are altogether founded on a special Resolve of Congress of the 26th November 76, on the 30th of the said month recd my Commission & also those of the whole Corps, & before the first day of January 77 enlisted two Companies. Am Sir with all due respect Your very Hue Sert
Cha. Harrison


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Johnson, 28 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Johnson, Thomas

Sir
Head Qrs Middle Brook May the 28: 1779

I have the pleasure to inform Your Excellency, that after a variety of attempts, and much time and labour spent by Several Boards of Officers, the Arrangement of the Maryland line has been at length fixed—and Commissions have been issued for the Officers agreably to it, by the Board of War, except in the instances mentioned in the inclosed List. The Gentlemen named in this, belong to the State, have served with the Troops a considerable time and have been recommended and arranged to the ranks against their respective names; but as they have never received any appointments from the State, I have thought it necessary to obtain Your Excellency’s sanction to the measure, previous to my application to the Board for Commissions for them. They are all reported to be Gentlemen of merit—and well intitled from every consideration to these promotions. The Two first and the last, from a deficiency of Officers have long acted as Officers in the line, and Mr Stoddart for near Two Years as a Brigade Major to General Smallwood. Indeed it would be a fortunate circumstance on account of the great want of Officers occasioned by resignations & other causes, if there were Several Other Gentlemen, who could be recommended and receive appointments. I shall be obliged by Your Answer, by the earliest opportunity. I have the Honor to be with sentiments of very great respect & esteem Your Excellency’s Most Obedt servt
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Alexander McDougall, 28 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

Dr Sir
Head Quarters Middlebrook 28th May 1779

I last evening received your favor of the 25th instant; that of the 23d came to hand a few days since [with] its inclosure.
For the present, and till the enemy’s intentions can be further developed, I approve of the positions you have assigned to Pattersons and Nixon’s brigades, as you think them most conducive to the defence of West-point, in case the enemy should have in view, a coup de main, and for facilitating a junction with this army should he bend his operations this way.
I herewith transmit a letter to General Parsons, directing him to take his orders from you. You will therefore make such a disposition of his force as may afford the most substantial cover to the country, and be consistent with its own security, and your succours.
The artillery of Patterson’s and Nixon’s brigades must move with the troops, when they join the main army; the horses should therefore be as near as circumstances will admit.
My latest intelligence from New-York says, that for three or four days past, the enemy have been putting on board of transports a great number of shells and other military stores. It is impossible to say what an enemy will attempt, who, as you observe has scarcely, in one instance, acted as an enemy would do in his circumstances. The completion of the works at West-point has prudently made a principal part in our system; and I am persuaded every thing has been done by you for this purpose. In one of your former letters you intimate your fears of a spot of ground opposite the Fort, should it be possessed by the enemy. Can it be possessed by us to advantage? I am Dr Sir, your most obedient and hble servt
Go: Washington
P.S. Bedford may be a proper situation for Parson’s brigade. With light baggage, and no incumberances it will always be in a condition to move at the shortest intimation.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons, 28 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Parsons, Samuel Holden

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 28th May 1779

Your favours of the 11th and 15th instant came duly to hand with Lieut. Jackson’s and Ensign Tuttles resignations.
I have on several occasions expressed my sentiments on the policy of preventing as much as possible all plundering parties. I would only observe on the present that the Officers are to persue my former instructions on this head which I beleive extends to all cases where the Inhabitants act without the civil authority or a commission from the State.
As General Putnam joins the main Army you will receive the Orders of General McDougal, or any other Officer commanding on the North River if of superior rank to yourself, and make such disposition of your force as he shall direct.
Inclosed is my certificate of Ensign Tuttle’s resignation. I have defered sending one for Lt Jackson as you inform me he will call here himself with his Commission. I am with esteem Sir your most Obedt Servt.


Title: From George Washington to Nicholas Rogers, 28 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Rogers, Nicholas

Dear Sir,
Head Qrs Middlebrook May 28th 1779.

A few days ago I was hond with your polite and obliging favor of the 6th Instt accompanied by a miniature picture of Mrs Washington—I wish it was in my power to express as forcably as I feel, the lively sense I have of the repeated instances of your polite attention to her and myself—such tribute as unfeigned thanks afford, is presented to you with much sincerity; & if I knew how to make a more acceptable offering it should not be wanting.
Difficult as it is to strike a likeness on so small a scale, it is the opinion of many that you have not failed in the present attempt. The dress is not less pleasing for being a copy of antiquity, it would be happy for us, if in these days of depravity the imitation of our ancesters were more extensively adopted—their virtues wd not hurt us.
Mrs Washington joins me in a tender of best wishes for you and with much esteem & regard—I am Dr Sir Yr most obedt & obliged Hble Servt
Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Israel Shreve, 28 May 1779
From: Shreve, Israel
To: Washington, George

Sir
Elizabeth town [N.J.] May 28th 1779

Yesterday I Receivd your order of the 26th to march, Last Evening one of the 27th encludeing Furmans Core—which will be Punctually Obeyed, Except Hard Rain &c. Your Excellency mentioned the Artillery, that went with Gen. Maxwell, there has been none here Since, there is an officer and twelve men here Provost Dragoons, which I Shall march with me to Camp. If I have no Orders to the Contrary, As General Maxwell Gave me Such orders when he went off.
the Day before yesterday the Enemy Come out in parties from Poulus hook & Hobuck, and took from the Inhabitants Every horse fit for Service from the English Neighbourhood to Bergan point, And took them to Poulus Hook, and Staton Island, this I had from a man Sent over for Intillegence the Night before Last.
the best Accounts I Can Git of the Situation of the Enemy is, that they are Collected near kings Bridge Some transports and flat Boats in the North River.
I beg Leave to march my Regt to the forks of Rariton Instead of halting at Bound Brook, on account of that place being So very dirty, and Such a Number of Dram Shops; assoon as we halt the men are to Receive forty Dollars ⅌ Man, which will make it very Difficult to keep them in Order At Such a place.
Shall Send my Quarter Master forward to Know If this Indulgence will be Granted.
As I have not been Informed who is to Come to this place when I Leave, I have Wrote to Col. Nelson of the Malitia, Desireing him to Send a Guard If it is only Sufficient to Receive flaggs &c. I am your Excellencys Most Obedient and Most Humble Servent
I. Shreve Colo.


Title: From George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 28 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

Dr Sir,
Head Quarters Middle Brook May 28 1779

I received last night your favour of the 26th and am happy to hear that your main difficulty on the score of waggons is in the way of being removed.
Besides the reason assigned for the caution contained in mine of the 24th—another not less powerful is that our supplies are very unequal to the general wants of the army and that without the greatest oelig;conomy in proportioning our distributions, while one part may be fully supplied others may suffer. So empty are our Arsenals that the Board of war had it not in their power to comply with your requisition for the thousand arms in addition to the two hundred already furnished; but as the troops under your command have lately been completely provided, these two hundred I hope will be sufficient for contingent demands—If it were not for the scantiness of our supplies, I should think it expedient to have a considerable overplus of stores on the communication but the low state of our Arsenals & Magazines obliges us to limit ourselves to what appears absolutely necessary—I am persuaded, now you are informed of their deficiency you will accommodate your arrangements to it; at the same time that you will take care to make a competent provision for the expedition.

I inclose you extracts of two letters from Mr Deane of the 11th & 16th, containing very interesting intelligence, which will require your particular attention—It may be prudent in consequence to strengthen Wyoming pretty considerably and the escorts upon the River from Sunbury upward.
Shreve’s regiment will march tomorrow from E: Town and will proceed without delay to Easton and may escort any thing remaining at that place.
The independent companies raising in the State of Pensylvania are estimated by the Council at more than 700—In a letter to them of the 20th—I pressed their being immediately directed to rendezvous at Sunbury where they were to receive further directions from you.
Capt. Topham is appointed by the Board of war commissary of Military stores and clothier to the expedition. He is to repair to Easton and take yr commands.
Lt Colonel Barber, being the oldest sub inspector on the expedition, will by the institution of the Inspectorship officiate as Adjutant General—Lt Col. Regnier is also appointed sub inspector; but though I believe he is of senior rank as Lt Col. yet as he is junior inspector, this will not alter the matter. If Clintons brigade forms a junction with the main body, you will attach Regnier to one of your divisions—in the mean time he acts with the Brigade.
I have determined for particular reasons to appoint General Howe President to The Court Martial on General Arnold—It is therefore uncertain whether he will accompany you on the expedition—I have entire confidence in yr exertions and flatter myself they will be attended with success. With great esteem & regard Dr Sir I am Yr Most Obedt serv.


Title: General Orders, 29 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Saturday May 29th 1779
Parole Gascony—C. Signs Grondo Goà.

A General Court-Martial of the line is to be held on tuesday next the 1st of June at the usual place for the trial of Major General Arnold as directed by a resolution of the Honorable the Congress passed the 3rd of April 1779.
Major General Howe President.
Brigadier Generals Smallwood, Knox, Woodford & Irvine—Colonels, Wood, Harrison, Hall, Gunby, Moylan & Butler—Lieutenant Colonels, Popkins Simms & Harmar, Members.


Title: From George Washington to Clement Biddle, 29 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Biddle, Clement

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook May the 29th 1779

I have received a Copy of Your Letter of the 27th Instant to Major General Greene, Quarter Master General upon the subject of forage. Your representation upon this head is very distressing and I scarcely know how to direct you upon the occasion. It is my wish that every possible respect should be paid in all cases to the Laws of this and every other State—and a sacred regard to the property of each Individual Member as far as it can be done; but if Necessity will not admit of their strict observance, it must justify a deviation—and such infringements as she compells. However, to prevent as much as possible any just ground of complaint and the charge of a wanton exercise of power—You should use every practicable exertion to obtain forage in the Ordinary way and where this cannot be effected, wherever circumstances will permit, You should make written requisitions to the Magistrates for pasturage and Meadows and obtain them by their Allotment. If they will not permit—or the Magistrates refuse to designate them or to make a competent provision, the exigency of the public service must decide the conduct you are to pursue. I have mentioned these precautions—because (though all regulations must yeild to Necessity) the principle should be introduced with caution—and be practised upon with still more delicacy.
What I have said above will apply to every situation of the ⟨Army—whether it is in a collected⟩ body—or in detachment; in camp or on a March. I am sir Yr Most Obedt sert
Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from the Board of War, 29 May 1779
From: Board of War
To: Washington, George

Sir
War Office [Philadelphia] May 29th 1779

We do ourselves the Honour to inclose you a representation of Major Ryan with General Wayne’s certificate annexed. We believe the Major capable of rendering great service as a Brigade Major & Inspector; and if his request can be granted we conceive he may be appointed to that Office without injury to the Service in general. We think his case singular, & that an exception may very properly be made in his favour. But lest any Dificulties should be created by the measure, we chose to submit the matter to your Excellency’s determination, by which we shall be governed.
We are informed that probably few Majors in the line will accept the Offices of Brigade Inspector & brigade Major , and that it will be necessary to appoint Captains; We shall be glad to receive your opinion on the Subject; for if the information be well founded, it must be requisite to alter the regulation or give to your Excellency a dispensing power. We are, with great respect your very obedt servants
By order of the boardTim: Pickering


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Daniel Brodhead, 29 May 1779
From: Brodhead, Daniel
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Pitsburgh May 29th 1779

I have the Honor to inclose Colo. Clarks Journal containing an account of his success against Governor Hamilton of Detroit & the Garrison of post St Vincent (or Fort Sackvill.) Also two Letters just come to Hand by runners from Cochocking.

The Shawnese burnt the speech I sent them of which a Copy is inclosed, & one half the warriors of that Nation are now with the English at upper Sandusky. The Delaware runner assures me that the Enemy are considerably reinforced with white men. The supplies I sent to Fort Laurens did not reach it untill the 24th instant and the small Garrison under Major Vernon was so much reduced for want of Provisions that they were scarce able to stand on their feet.
I shall immediately write to the cheif at Cochocking to give me information of the Enemies nearer approach and prepare to meet them by cutting a road to Fort Laurens.
Colo. Rawlins’s Detachment arrived yesterday under the Command of Captn Beal but I am informed that the Terms of half the men will expire in July next at which time the officers intend to resign on account of some neglect shewn them by their State.
Neither the Salt provisions nor Boat Builders Tools are arrived from Bedford, although two different Expresses have been sent to the Quarter Master there to send them on.
A Young Delaware who calls me Father offers his Service to bring me a Mingoe Scalp & he is now fitting his arms &c. for that purpose. The bearer Mr Gibson is in great haste and waits to take this Letter to Philada, from thence you will receive it by express—I have the Honor to be with perfect regard & Esteem Your Excellencies most obedt Humble Servt
Daniel Brodhead


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General John Glover, 29 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Glover, John

sir
Head-Quarters [Middle Brook] May the 29 1779

I received a few days ago the inclosed Arrangement of the four Regiments in your Brigade in a Letter from General McDougal. I was sorry to find upon examination that few or None of the Officers had the dates affixed against their names, which their Commissions should bear. This circumstance makes the Arrangement defective and I transmit it by Colo. Bigalow that the dates which every Commission should bear, may be inserted. When this is done and the Arrangement returned, I shall be happy in taking the earliest Opportunity to obtain the Commissions from the Board of War. To prevent any disputes in future, I think it will be adviseable for the Arrangement of the 4 Regiments to be attached together—one after another and all their Field Officers to certify their approbation of the same, under their several & respective hands. I am Dr sir with great regard Yr Most Obedt servt
Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 29 May 1779
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Head Quarters Boston May 29th 1779

I was a Day or two since honour’d wth yours of the 15th enclosing one for the Honble Council of this State respecting the heavy Cannon, the latter I immediately forwarded to Council, & this Morning have recieved their Permission to remove the Cannon. I have directed the Dy Q. M. Genl to do it with all possible Dispatch. One of the Cannon is at Beverly which will cause some little Delay. They will be sent on Slung under Cart Wheels, & the Field Carriages on which they are now mounted, sent on Light, which will prevent their being wrecked.
In a Letter wch I did myself the Honor to address to your Excellency on the 18th of Novr last, agreeable to your preceeding Instructions, I certify’d the Time at which several Officers had resign’d their Commissions, & observed that I had wrote Major Lithgow who lived at the Eastern Extremity of this State, that his Discharge would bear Date from that Time; He did not come to Boston untill the Winter, when he informed me that the Letter did not reach him untill the 5th of Novr & thought that his Discharge ought not to be dated sooner.
Considering his Services & the wound he had recieved I thought it reasonable, and his Discharge bears Date accordingly (Vizt 5th Novr) on the 3d of April I discharg’d Ensign James Otis of Colonel Henry Jackson’s Regt. The 24th of the same Month Lieut. Thomas Lamb of the same Regt, & on the 21st Instant Lieut. John Crosier of Colonel Cranes Regt; each of them produced proper Certificates that they were not indebted to their Regiments.
I do myself the Honor to enclose a Letter from Major Harnage, that Officer with his Lady are really Objects of Compassion; Their whole Conduct since in this State has been strictly honorable. The Lady is in the seventh or eighth Month of her Pregnancy, and has express’d a most ardent Wish, if it were possible to have obtain’d the Assistance of her own Physician, who is with the Troops in Virginia; & that of some Ladies of her Acquaintance who are there also, but the Length of the Journey is so great by Land that in her present Circumstances she dares not encounter it; will therefore remain here.
I also take the Liberty to enclose a sketch of Intelligence which I lately had from a Gentleman from New York, & believe it to be authentick.
I fear the greater Part of the Rice Vessels expected here have fallen into the Hands of the Enemy, as they are still missing. I have the Honor to be wth the greatest Respect Your Excellency’s most Obedient Servant
W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from Colonel John Lamb, 29 May 1779
From: Lamb, John
To: Washington, George

Sir
Pluckemin [N.J.] 29th May 1779

As I understand that a board of General Officers is to sit this Day, to determine the relative Rank of the Field Officers of Artillery and that of the Regiments–and having reason to believe (from the information of Lt Colo. Stevens) that Colo. Crane’s Claim is founded on a Commission from the State of Rhode Island bearing date the 8th May 1775; I thought it necessary, to give your Excellency this information, wishing it may be laid before the Board as Lt Colo. Stevens is now here, & ready to prove the facts, whenever they may please to direct him to attend for that purpose. I have the honor to be with the greatest Respect your Excellency’s Most Obdt Hume Servt.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Alexander McDougall, 29 May 1779
From: McDougall, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Sir
Head-Quarters Pecks Kill [N.Y.] May 29th 1779.

I have this moment received the inclosed Intelligence. The Enemy’s march to the plains is very probable, but have had no advice of the appearance of the Enemy on the River. I have written for General parsons Brigade, to march here with all possible dispatch, and notified Governor Trumbull of the intended movement of the Enemy, and Suggested the propriety of holding the Western Militia in readiness with Six Days provision. Colo: Clarke is directed to fall back to West-point, whenever the Enemy appear in force on the River. I gave this Order, least the communication with him shou’d be cutt off, by the rapid movement of the Enemy by Water. I have the Honor to be Your Excellencys Humble servant
Alexr McDougall


Title: To George Washington from William Patterson, 29 May 1779
From: Patterson, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philada May 29th 1779.

I received Your Letter of the 11th April last and shou’d have answered it before this day, but waited to Consult Genl Hand agreeable to orders, who agree’d with me that further attempts of Discovery cou’d not be of much service, as the enemy wou’d stop any party on that busness at their advance post—I came this far on my Journey to Camp, but the sore in my breast is so very painful that I cant venture to proceed, shall if possible return to my family where I shall be very happy to receive Your Excellencies orders when it may appear to you that I can render any publick Service; There is a considerable Sum of publick money in my hands which I wish to return, & shall wait your directions where I am to deposit it; I waited on Governor Reed to answer the complaints lodged against me, when he refused giving up the Names of the complainants, & in short went so far as to say, no regular complaints were lodged, which differs wide from a State of particulars in a letter I recd from Colo. Cox on that head—I am agrieved at this wicked & unjust attack on my life, reputation, & family, senseable of the injury intended, & the Justice due me, must beg your Excellencies favour to write the Governor to give up the Names of the Villains be they who they may, that I may not only have it [in] my power to render them ridiculas in view of the Hone Council, but to the publick—Inclosed is a rough coppe of circumstances which I laid before Governor Reed, as I cou’d not go further & considering it in his power to remove the disorder speedily thro’ his command of the Militia of the State.
I have to add that from hints, we have a Strong Regimt more to dispute with than I know of when at Camp, if true it is commanded by, or raised under the enfluence of Sir John Johnson, & is past Montreal on way for Niagara, Number between 750 & 900 Men composed of his Tenants, & other Scruf from German flats, prisioners taken from us, & a few Canadians. I am with Respect Your Excellencies Obedt Humble Servant
W: Patterson


Title: To George Washington from Joseph Reed, 29 May 1779
From: Reed, Joseph
To: Washington, George

Sir
In Council Philada May 29th 1779

Your Excellencys favours of the fifteenth—Instant and of the twenty second (Circular) have both been duly received, and in answer to the former we are happy to find our explanations have been so satisfactory and agreeable. The distressing complaints from the frontiers will we trust greatly apologise to your Excellency for the anxiety shewn in our letters. But we hope these calamities will soon cease, and of course we shall not be under any necessity of troubling you with farther applications.
Just as your Excellencys favour of the twenty second Instant arrived we had sent to the press a proclamation in very cogent terms for apprehending deserters, one of which we inclose, and hope the measure will have a good effect. If we could be furnished with recruiting money we should also do something in that way, tho we should be glad to be informed (so far as might be proper) of the deficiencies of our regiments that we may be enabled to judge of the extent of our applications, and exertions; for we beg leave to assure your Excellency that we feel the Justice Propriety, and Wisdom of the observations you have made, and shall most heartily endeavour to strengthen your hands, and support your measures, to bring our affairs to a happy and speedy issue.
We have long wished to see the Clothiers department so arranged as to give more general satisfaction. Whether the present system will do so, we cannot say—but it shall have our furtherance and assistance. As Mr Mease is continued at the head of it, we sent for him this morning, and he informs us that the resolve of the twenty third of March is only a part of the system, and that an appointment of the state clothier who is to reside at camp, will at this time be unseasonable.
We have the pleasure of informing your Excellency that a spirit of Reformation, Attention to Finance, and Restoration of lost credit seems likely to prevail, and we hope the lethargy which you justly observe has seized us, will soon give place to animated exertions. For we cannot but believe there remains a portion of that spirit which distinguished America at an early day, sufficient to rekindle a due attention to our neglected duty and interests. We have, and shall endeavour to promote such a spirit, and the reflection that by so doing we shall most effectually advance your views, and co-operate with the army is not one of the least encouraging.
We have directed Colonel Matlack Secretary of the Board to attend with the necessary papers in Genl Arnolds Tryal, and beg leave to introduce him to your Excellencys regard and notice. I am sir, with the most sincere Respect, & Regard, Your most obedient & very humble servant
Jos: Reed President


Title: From George Washington to Major General Arthur St. Clair, 29 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: St. Clair, Arthur

Sir,
[Middlebrook, 29 May 1779]

You will be pleased to march immediately with the division under your command, by way of Quibble Town and Scotch plains, and take posts on the heights, between Springfield and Chatham, ”till further orders, or ”till some enterprise of the enemy shall make a sudden movement necessary.
If you should receive authentic advice of the enemy’s operating up the North River, against our posts in that quarter, you are instantly to advance to their support, without waiting orders from me, only giving me notice of your movement. You will persue the route by Pompton, keeping up a correspondence with General McDougall, or officer commanding in the Highlands, and regulating your march according to circumstances and the information you receive, advising me, from time to time, of your progress and views.
You will preserve the strictest discipline and endeavour to prevent every kind of injury to the persons and property of the inhabitants. You will also take uncommon care to lay open no inclosures of grass or grain, more than are absolutely necessary for the purposes of forage.
I recommend it to your particular attention, without delay, to have officers of talents, attention and industry nominated to officiate as sub and brigade inspectors, and to improve every interval of leisure to have the new regulations for the order and discipline of the troops carried into execution as speedily as possible. You are sensible of the importance and necessity of a system. Given at Head Quarters Middle Brook May 29th 1779.
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Smith, 29 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Smith, Samuel

Dr Sir
Head Quarters Middlebrook 29th May 1779.

I can only lament that necessity which has produced your letter of the 10th, and obliges you to offer your resignation, at the opening of a campaign; at a crisis in which good officers might render the most essential services, by their example and continuance in the army.
The proofs you have heretofore given, of your abilities, as a good and brave officer, I am happy in acknowleging; and could wish that the circumstances of your affairs were such, as to afford you the opportunity of closing the war with your military companions.
If you will transmit your commission, which you are desirous of retaining, I shall indorse upon it my concurrence in your resignation, and have it returned.
It is customary on officers leaving the service to bring in a certificate of having settled their public accounts—You will be pleased to have such a one forwarded with the commission, or as soon as possible. With great regard, I am Dr sir, your obedient and hble servt
Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 29 May 1779
From: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.
To: Washington, George

Sir
Hartford [Conn.] May 29th 1779

I suppose Your Excellency is not wholly unacquainted with the Character of Mr David Bushnell the Bearer, He has had a liberal Education, & discovers a Genius capable of great Improvement in Mathematical, Philosophic & Mechanical Literature, his Inventions for annoying the Enemys Shipping are new & ingenuous & I trust founded on such Principles as wod insure Success, the Vigilence practiced in guarding the Shipping has I suppose been the only means of preventing such Execution as wod have been attended with very alarming & beneficial Consequences, He has with persevering & indefatigable Industry pursued the Object with very little prospect of any other Reward than that of serving his Country. Misfortune & Accident has prevented the execution of his Design, but there is reason to believe, the explosion of one of his Machines taken on board one of the Enemy’s Ships, some time since, has greatly alarmed their marine, & made them very cautious in their approaches to any of the neighbouring Shores. It is a pity that so promising a Genius shod not be encouraged. I understand an Establishmt of Miners & Sappers is forming under your Excellencys Direction, & wod therefore take Liberty to propose to Your Excellency whether a Person of his particular Genius might not be very useful in that Department. If You shod not have fill’d & cant probably fill the Offices with Gentlemen of greater Merit & Genius, permit me to recomend Mr Bushnell to the Office of a Captain in that Service, which from his Abilities Genius & Integrity I shod judge Him capable to execute with Honor and Advantage. The Council of this State now convened, fully join with me in this Recomendation. I am with very high Resspect & Esteem, Your Excellencys most Obedient & very humble Servant
Jonth; Trumbull


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel John Visscher, 29 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Visscher, John

Sir
Head Qrs Middlebrook May 29th 1779

I am sorry, and ask your pardon for keeping the inclosed so long—I recollect your giving it to me at Fish Kill landing sometime last fall—in a hurry, or by accident, it got intermixed with other papers and lay unthought of till a late assortment of Papers brought it to light within these few days.
I do not recollect how the matter stands with respect to Lt Col. Livingston—No resignation of his has ever come to my knowledge, and if it had, their might be a good deal of difficulty in introducing a gentleman not of the line, into it, at this time, in the rank of Lieutt Colonel—therefore, & inasmuch as it may be satisfactory to you to repossess the Inclosed petition I now return it and am Sir Yr Very Hble Servt
Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 30 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Sunday May 30th 1779.
Parole Harfleur—C. Signs Harwich Hinden—

The board of General Officers that sat on the 28th instant in consequence of the order of the day before have reported the claim of Lieutenant Colonel Hubley in the dispute of rank between him and Lieutenant Colonel Conner to be well founded, which the Commander in Chief approves.
In all future draughts of clothing the regimental Clothier is to be furnished by the officers commanding companies with returns specifying the men’s names and the particular wants of each; these he is to digest into a regimental return, which being examined and signed by the officer commanding the regiment & counter signed by himself, with a receipt upon it for the supplies delivered to the regiment, is to be lodged with the Clothier who issues, as a voucher for the delivery.
A pair of Over-alls pr man is to be forthwith drawn for every non commissioned officer and private who has not been before supplied this spring.
At the General Court Martial of the line whereof Colonel Greene is President May 27th, John Ward a soldier in the 1st Pennsylvania regiment was tried for “Desertion,” found guilty of absenting himself without leave & sentenced one hundred lashes.
At the same Court William Mackarun soldier in the 3rd Pennsylvania regiment was tried for “Stealing horse-shoes the property of the public,” found guilty & sentenced one hundred lashes.
The Commander in Chief confirms the sentences & orders the punishment to be inflicted as soon as the delinquents arrive at their respective regiments.


Title: From George Washington to the Board of War, 30 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

Gentlemen
Head Qrs Middle Brook May the 30: 1779

I have the Honor to transmit you an Arrangement of the Officers in the Maryland line—and have to request, that you will take the earliest Occasion that may offer to make out and forward Commissions agreable to it, except in the cases of

	No.
46—Benjamin Garnett
1st Lieut.
5 Reg.
13 Oct.
78

47—Parker Hall Lee
do
4 do
16 do
do

53—William Trueman Stoddart
do
5 do
21 May
79

10—Williams Adams
2 Lieut.
7 do
14 Apl
1778

whose appointments must be previously confirmed by the State, upon which subject I have written to His Excellency the Governor.
A Board of General Officers have Unanimously determined Lieut. Colo. Hubley’s claim to the 11th pensylvania Regiment to be superior to Lt Colonel Connor’s—You will be pleased to make out a Commission for him & transmit it to Head Qrs. It must be dated when the Regiment was annexed by Congress to the pensylvania line unless Colo. Hartley’s resignation was subsequent. ⟨In such⟩ case, it must be dated when that took place. The same Board have also unanimously reported—that Capn Prowel’s promotion to the Majority was irregular. I shall transmit a Copy of their Report to Congress and of the Remonstrance of the pensylvania Captns against the appointmt—that they may vacate & recall the Commission he has received if they confirm the Report.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel William De Hart, 30 May 1779
From: De Hart, William
To: Washington, George

Sr
Newark [N.J.] May 30. 1779

by a Verry Intelligent Person from Bergen, this day I have the following Intelligence—that the Enemy have, March’d All their force yesterday Morn Out Beyond Kings Bridge, which they had Cut Down & Plac’d the Militia to Guard it, that All the Troops, were Call’d from Long Island, & but A few Left at Staten Island, Only Buskirks Regt of New Levies, left at Powles Hook & Hobuck. A large Number of flat Bottom’d Boats Gone up the North River, All the Horses Press’d from Bergen, some Taken from Long & Staten Island A body of 700 Horse Gone with them. their force Said About 4000. I Am Sr your Most Hum. Servt
Wm D: Hart


Title: To George Washington from Major General Horatio Gates, 30 May 1779
From: Gates, Horatio
To: Washington, George

Sir
providence 30th May 1779

The Deputy Q. M. General in This Department, Colonel Bowen, who was Absent in the Country upon the Duty of his Station when the Express arrived from Head Quarters, sent me late last Night Your Excellencys Letter of the 21st Instant, it being inclosed in His packet from General Green.
As it will now be too late for any of the Army with your Excellency, to Disappoint the Enemys immediate Views in Virginia, a Glorious Opportunity at This Instant presents itself for attacking New York with the Fairest prospect of Advantage—Sixteen Thousand of The Enemys Troops, having most undoubtedly been Detach’d from that City since October last.
I shall carefully attend to what Your Excellency is pleased to direct in respect to the Demands for parts of Rations, but it will be extreamly dangerous to set a precedent of One payment of Those referr’d to; If it is ever done in One In[s]tance, the Demands will be too importunate to be resisted in every One.
Though the Rice Vessel mention’d is taken by The Enemy, so many have lately arrived from Charles Town as to make me somewhat easy upon the Score of provisions at least until the New harvest is Gather’d; provided some Supply of Flour is continued to be sent forward. but I cannot say how Satisfied Our Troops, will be with Rice alone. in all Other Armies under the Sun, Rice would be consider’d as no bad Substitute for wheat Bread. Ours should upon Necessity think likewise.
Inclosed is an Extract of a Letter Just received from Mr peter Colt. I am Sir Your Excellencys most Obedient Humble Servant
Horatio Gates


Title: From George Washington to Major General Alexander McDougall, 30 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

Dear Sir,
Head Quarters Middle Brook May 30th 1779

Mr Laurence delivered me last evening the message with which you charged him. The representation he makes of the state of your provisions alarms me beyond measure. Satisfied that the enemy could not carry the fort by assault without incurring greater loss than they would probably choose to hazard; I depended on being able to collect the army time enough to relieve it from an investiture. But if this should happen in your present situation it would be out of my power to arrive in time to your succour. I hoped that my pointed instructions to The Commissary would have obviated the possibility of an extremity of this kind.
As I understand the present deficiency is chiefly owing to the want of waggons; I entreat you will make every effort to procure them; and if your attempts to have it done in the more regular mode have not succeeded, the necessity of the case demands and will justify your having recourse to the extraordinary expedient of impressing—Nothing practicable should be omitted instantly to provide a supply for the garrison of at least fourteen days—more, if it can be done.
My anxiety on the present occasion would be extreme were it not for the perfect confidence I have in your care and exertion. I am with the greatest esteem Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt servant
Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Alexander McDougall, 30 May 1779
From: McDougall, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Sir
Head Quarters Pecks Kill [N.Y.]May 30th 1779—11 O’Clock A.M.

I was this Morning honored with your Favor, of the 28th Instant. Since mine to you last Night, I have received the inclos’d Intelligence—which corresponds with what the Deserter gave us last Night. I have the Honor to be Your Excellency’s humble Servant
Alexr McDougall


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General John Neilson, 30 May 1779
From: Neilson, John
To: Washington, George

sir
Elizabeth Town [N.J.] 30 May 1779

I am order’d by his Excellency Governour Livingston with a small number of Militia consisting of about one hundred & twenty Rank & File to this Place for the Protection of the Shore of Essex & Middlesex, before guarded by General Maxwells Brigade, with directions to procure what Intelligence I could from the Enemy and Communicate it to your Excellency; At Colonel Shrieves Departure Yesterday I took the Command, I am Inform’d by a Person from Staten Island last Night, the Whole of their Force, supposed About Eight thousand Men, is Collected at White Plains, one British Regiment Only left in New york, Two Sloops Loaded with Fascines lays in the Harbour opposite the White Hall, A Number of Vessells prepared to take troops on Board reported two thousand for Virginia, Yesterday all the Horses & Waggons on Staten Island were pressed into the Service and sent to New York, The 26th, 37th & one foreign Regiment & Bartons Regiment on Staten Island General Clinton in New York, Genlls Vaughan & Sir William Erskine gone to White Plains—This is the only Intelligence I have yet been Able to Collect, I shall continue while in Service to make what discoveries I can and transmit to your Excellency with the most early Expedition, and Execute as far as in my Power with the few Men under my Command any Instructions I may receive—I have the Honor to be with the greatest Respect your Excellency’s Most Obedient Humble Servant
John Neilson Colo: Comd. Militia


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Patterson, 30 May 1779
From: Patterson, Samuel
To: Washington, George

Sir
Delaware State Christeen May 30th 1779

A Gentleman waited on me to day to Inform me that our President, had Given a pass, or recommendation to your Excellency to go into New York to a Certain Jacob Moore Esqr. Atterney at Lewis Town in this state. I thought it my duty to inform you as well as to my Country he is said to be a dangerous man in our grand Struggle And by no means should he [be] suffered to go in under any pretence.
I am also glad to inform you the Virtuous if I may say mob, of Philad. has Brighted our cause once more it is going on here, whigs look again Bold. Tories as Bull Rushes. I wish your Excellency Health and Sucess. and am your most obeident Humble Servt
Saml Patterson


Title: From George Washington to Major General Arthur St. Clair, 30 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: St. Clair, Arthur

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook May 30th 1779

From the last returns made by the Inspector General, I find there is a necessity for appointing some new officers to many of the regiments in your division, the precise number to each you will observe by the inclosed return. As such appointments are immediately necessary, I would wish you to give ⟨the⟩ Governor notice, previous to which I should thin⟨k it⟩ proper that you consult the Commanding Officers, who will probably be desirous of recommending persons agreeable to themselves and who will be deserving of the appointments—The sooner this matter is taken up the better, and with the proper attention to the dates their commissions ought to bear.
Since you spoke with me yesterday on the subject of Col. Hubleys command, I find the absolute necessity of ordering him to the 11th Regiment—It is left destitute of Field Officers & too respectable to be neglected, other motives make the step unavoidable. Col. Conner is in a state of health that will not permit him to take the command, and of course cannot with propriety be ordered to it—this however may be temporary only for on the restoration of Col. Conners health, if, he, & Col. Hubley can agr⟨ee⟩ to it I shall not object to an exchange. Besides the aforementioned reasons a Board of General Officers have reported that the promotion of Captain Prowel to the Majority was intirely irregular, from whence it is presumable Congress will vacate his Commission to whom the report must be referred—I am from these considerations to request you will order Col. Hubley to proceed and take the command of the Regiment, he will call at Head Quarters on his way.
Inclosed you will receive a Copy of a General order, for your government on the occasion. I am Sir Your Most Obedt Servt
Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Philip Schuyler, 30 May 1779
From: Schuyler, Philip
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Saratoga [N.Y.] May 30th 1779

Yesterday I was honored with Your Excellency’s favor of the 21st Instant.
Before my last Lieut. McLallen who was under an Arrest had privately left Albany and is supposed to be Gone towards Boston. Lt Haasbrook who Accompanied him to Oswegetchie I am Informed is an Intelligent young man I therfore requested Colo. V. Schaick to send him with the party to explore the Country In Consequence of your Excellencys request conveyed In yours of the tenth Instant I shall desire that he may be sent to me on his return that I may personally examine him in every particular recommended to Colo. Van Schaick In mine of the 22d Copy of which I Inclose and by which your Excellency will perceive that I have directed Such Inquiries to be made as will In part answer the queries contained In Your last the remainder Haasbrook will probably be Able to Answer on his return.
The Inclosed No. 2 is Copy of a letter I have Just received from Mr Deane Amongst the Indian prisoners now at Albany are four Cayuga warriors, and some women of that nation. If the Onondagos now at Albany belong to those families that are removed to Oneida, I should recommend their release assoon as any of their people have actually Committed hostilities agains[t] the Enemy.
I concieve the river Scull mentioned by Lt McLallen to be the Same with the river Lafamine which empties In the large bay of Ontario between Oswego and buck or deer Island, If so he has probably mistaken the Course from that river to the Oswegatchie river which from all the Information I have been able to Collect lays South East from It. perhaps too he may have mistaken the distance. I am Dear Sir Most Sincerely and with the truest Esteem & affection Your Excellencys Obedient Humble Servant
Ph: Schuyler


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Isaac Sherman, 30 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Sherman, Isaac

Sir
Hd Qrs Middlebrook 30th May 1779

your favor of the 21st came duly to hand.
It is not within my powers to give any orders on the subject of your letter as the business of raising and collecting the levies is lodged with the particular States by a resolve of Congress of the 9th of March.
I hope the State will take measures for an equal distribution of her levies to the different Regiments, and obviate what you are apprehensive may happen. This however will not arise from situation, as Gen. Parson’s brigade will be nearer New-York than your regiment. Perhaps a return of your regiment and that of the others belonging to the State would enable the assembly to ascertain the proper proportion from a view of their comparative strength. I am sir &c.
G. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Theodorick Bland, 31 May 1779
From: Bland, Theodorick
To: Washington, George

Sr
Charlotteville [Va.] May 31st 1779

I was this day Honord with a Copy of an Extract from Yr Excellency’s letter of the 17th of May informing them of Some late Manœuvres of the Enemy and what Yr Excellency supposed might be the design of An expedition of theirs to this State. for Yr Excellencys Satisfaction, I now have the Honor to Inform yr Excy that on the first Intelligence of the fleets Arriving on this Coast, the Officers (Quarterd through necessity) in the lower parts of this Country were Immediately orderd up to this place their limits Circumscribed. A reinforcement, of four Hundred & fifty Militia orderd to the Garrison, & every thing put in the best posture for preventing any attempt of a Rescue, or for Marching had there been occasion, the Convention troops to any distance that might have been found necessary for their Security Pickets, & a Chain of Sentries posted around the Barracks to prevent desertions, & instructions given to the Party of L. Dragoons, (which I had previously orderd from Winchester & of which I Informd Yr Excy in a former letter) to Patroll the Country on the Outside of the Chain of Sentries to prevent such as might attempt desertion from executing their purpose besides which directions were sent below for a strict Examination of all passing suspected persons to be examined as also to the difft parts of the Adjacent Counties. So that I am in hopes every apprehension either of Insurrection, Rescue or desertion is effectually guarded against I shall nevertheless continue every precaution heretofore taken to prevent any of these from taking place. I have the Honor to Inform Yr Excy that from all accounts below the Militia have turnd out in great numbers and with peculiar Animation, and that the Reinforcements orderd for this Garrison assembled & rendezvous’d here with the Utmo[s]t alacrity, & remain with Unusual patience notwithstanding the Inconvenient Season of the year for their Agriculture. Enclosed I transmit Yr Excelly an Application from the Young Baron de Geismer one of the Officers of the Convention troops (German) who has Sollicited me to Intercede with Yr Excy for his Exchange or leave to return home on Parole. Shd Yr Excy think proper to grant his request, I will communicate Yr favor to him, & give him the Proper Passports to go by Such Route as Yr Excy will be pleased to point out. I am Sr with the most sincere Respect Yr Excy’s Most obedt & affecte Humb: Sert
Theok Bland


Title: To George Washington from Achsah Chamier, 31 May - 11 June 1779
From: Chamier, Achsah
To: Washington, George

Sir
New York 31st May[–11 June] 1779

I received under Cover from Elizabeth Town the pass of Govr Johnson with the Permission of your Excellency indorsed thereon, a Copy of which is now enclosed. You will observe on Perusal that the Pass, only includes Wearing Apporel & Household Furniture, & is couched in such strict Terms as to preclude me from carrying many Articles, essentialey necessary for my Family, and yet cannot be comprehended under either of these Expressions. In these are some Liquors, Tea, Sugar, Coffee, Chocolate, some Spiceries, an Hogshead of Salt, a Library of my late Husbands, some Goods ordered by Mr Chamier from England, and arrived since his Decease, which have not been opened & Consist entirely, of Articles for Family Use. I am satisfied had these Matters been Stated to Govr Johnson his Pass had been more general, & indeed so confident was I of obtaining it in that way that I had packed up my Effects without particularizing the Contents of the Packages. Circumstanc’d as I now am, I wou’d request of your Excellency to make your Pass so general as to Comprehend the above and to protect the Flag to and at Virginia from whence I make no doubt I shall obtain Governor Johnson’s Pass to bring them into Maryland for which purpose I shall apply to him in Person when I arrive there. I think myself entitled to this Indulgence as well from the Consideration of my becoming an Inhabitant of Maryland, from whence in all probability I shall never return, as from many acts of Favor conferred by my deceased Husband on the American Prisoners, who I believe will with Candor acknowledge that his Purse was never Shut to their Wants, or his Interest withheld where it cou’d with Propriety be exerted in their Favor. I am with Respect your Excelly’s most obedt Servant
Achsah ChamierElizabeth Town [N.J.] June 11th 1779
I am now here on my way to Maryland if your Excellency shall think proper to favour me with the pass desired please to Order it to be sent under Cover to Mr John De Hart at Elizabeth Town. I am yours &c.

        Achsah Chamier


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Thomas Clark, 31 May 1779
From: Clark, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Sir
Paramus [N.J.] May 31st 1779 7 oClock P.M.

I have this moment by express from my Scouting Officer at Tapan received intelligence that the enemy are at Tallars point with 42 Sail (Six of which are very large) and a number of flat Bottomd Boats they have landed a party of men on the other Side of the N. River and a party at the Slate—I have Sent for my out parties from Hackinsack &c. and am prepared to move at the Shortest notice to West Point Should they move any further up the river—a careful officer and party are watching their movements. I have the honor to be Sir, your Excellency’s most obt Humble Servt
T. Clark


Title: From George Washington to William De Hart, 31 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: De Hart, William

        Letter not found: to William De Hart, 31 May 1779. Robert Hanson Harrison docketed De Hart’s letter to GW of 30 May: “acknowledged 31 with thanks for the intelligence.”


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 31 May 1779
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

Sir
Camp [Middlebrook] May 31 1779

I have receivd your Excellencys letter of the 28th and have carefully read and considerd the several subjects therein addressed to me.
The whole matter seems to be resolvd into two points whether we shall act offensively or defensively. If the first the force and plan to opperate upon and if the latter the disposition to be made and the position to be taken. There could not be a moments hesitation in the choice of the measures was the force and means at our command necessary to commence an offensive operation. Both the honor of the Army and the security of the Count[r]y would decide in favor of the former in preference to the latter; but to attemp[t] to what is not in our power to accomplish will only serve [to] expose our weakness and add new difficulties to our present distresses. I cannot help feeling a degree of mortification that cruel necessity obliges us to pursue measu⟨res⟩ so opposite to our inclination. This Continent seems to be infested with Enemies on every side our force is too much divided and too difficult to collect to take advantage of either of the Enemies Garrisons—The ease and facility with which they can move from one part of the Continent to the other as well as collect their force to any given point gives them a great oppertunity to carry on a predatory war and yet have it in their power to secure themselves against any cappitol attack.
The Enemies strength in Newyork is estimated at 9000 Men and at Rhode Island between five and Six the latter of which I would fain hope is over rated. I think there cannot be more there than between four and five thousand men at that post. Suppose 4500 and 2000 in Virginia. Their whole strength then will be between 15 & 16000 men. The lines at Newport may be defended with 2000 men aided by the Inhabitants against a suden attack of almost any numbers. All the rest of the Garrison may be drawn off should it be found necessary for the Security of their Troops else where. The Troops in Virgin[i]a may be recalled in the course of Eight or ten days. Their collective force at New york will be 13500 men allowing only 2500 from Newport and if that Garrison is as large as your Excellency has stated it the reinforcment may be still greater. This force may be easily drawn to a point and this force is to be considerd exclusive of all the reinforcments they have such fair prospects of receiveing at that place. Should they receive a reinforcement of four or five thousand men, Their Army will become very formidable. Under this view of the Enemies strength, and I think the state is neither exagerated as to numbers or facillity of collecting, It is [im]prudent for us to attempt to collect a force the greater part of which must be Militia to lay seige to Newyork where the prospect of success is so much against us. The greater part of our force is now situated in New Jersey in Middle Brook. It is scarcely possible to open a communication or make a lodgment upon either Long or New York Islands unless it is by the way of frogs point near Hell Gate. The march from this to that place is not less than one hundred and fifty miles. Our Troops could scarsely be put in motion before the Enemy would dive into our intentions and take measures to counteract us Our whole Continental strength in this State and in the State of Newyork and the Troops at Danbury will be but a little superior to the Enemies force now in Newyork and far inferior to the force they may easily draw together there exclusive of the Reinforcments expected. Before we could call out any considerable reinforcments of Militia the Enemy will be armd with their whole collected strength to meet us and suppose the Militia to turn out with as much chearfulness as could be wished or desird yet we have not a prospect of geting above Eight or ten thousand men which added to the Continental Troops will be but a little superior to the Enemy in numbers and by no means equal to them in Desiplene. They will have a great advantage over us from the divided state in which we shall be obligd to opperate. Before our strength could be collected the Enemies reinforcements will be all in and ready to give us a proper reception. The natural security of their situation aided by their Shiping would enable them to bid defiance to a much greater strength than we have a prospect of collecting and with a far less force than they seem to have at command—We have no Boats prepard to cross our Troops nor Scows for transporting the Cannon. These will [have] to be collected from Albany and the different parts of New England and what are from the former place to transport across by land from the North River to the Eastern Sound Add to these the defficulties of transporting all our flour from the Western States and the ease with which the Enemy may cut off our communication⟨s⟩ at Kings ferry and other places in New Jersey renders the attempt too hazzardous and uncertain of success to be undertaken.
I have been the more particular upon this subject because I have heard many people speak of an attack upon Newyork as if very practicable and which promised success. There is no person wishes more ardently for such an attempt than I do; but at the same time I cannot advise it for I am certain as I have existence that the attempt would be unsuccessful.
The State of our money forbids any violent attempt for fear a shock from a disappointment should give us a deadly wound. It is hardly possible to get the ordinary dutys of the quarter masters department executed now what will be the case when there shall be such an amazing increase as such an expedition will produce Our demand for money is much greater than can be obtaind and the people will not perform service with out their pay in hand and the Laws of the different States has given an infalleable stamp to this custom and disposition by obliging the public officers to pay the Money before they have the service performd be the necessity ever so pressing.
From the divided state our army appears to be in I think necessity will oblige us to act upon the defensive.
The great object of the Enemies attention is and ever ought to have been our Army—destroy that, and the Country is conquer’d; or at least this is the most ready way to affect a reduction of the United States. They have seen that taking Cities and ma[r]ching through Goverments answerd no other purpose than that of giving them an opportunity to plunder the Inhabitants with more security than by little parties. It is like a Ship plowing the Ocean they have no sooner past than the scene closes and the people rise anew to oppose them. This will ever be the case while the grand Army is considerd as capable of giving support to the peoples endeavors. But destroy this Army and the confidence of the people will sink and nothing but that can overcome us. For the degree of opposition will ever be in proportion to the peoples confidence in their own strength and security—I think therefore this Army may be considerd the Stamina of American liberty; and our position and measures should be taken upon this principle.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 31 May 1779
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

Sir
quarter master Generals quarters [Middlebrook, 31 May 1779]

As I have ever made it a rule, not to promise more, than I had the fairest prospect of performing. I would not wish to lead your Excellency into an expectation, of being in readiness to move, earlier than we shall; but from the letters I have receivd, since I came from Head quarters. I have great reason to think, the Infantry and the Artillery with them, may be ready to march next day after tomorrow. If there is not an absolute necessity, a day or two longer will give us, a better opportunity to be prepard. I am with respect your Excellency Most Obedient humble Sert
Nath. Greene Q.M.G.