Title: To George Washington from Charles Pettit, 12 October 1778
From: Pettit, Charles
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Fredericksburg 12th Octr 1778

          Pursuant to Your Excellency’s Desire, signified to me on Saturday last, I send inclosed a Return of the Cloathing on Hand in the Quarter Master General’s Store, procured for the Use of the People employed in that Department. I avoid sending it to the orderly Office lest it should lead to some Mistake, as your Excellency was pleased to say it was not meant to be included in the Genl Order of the 9th Instant. Returns are ordered to be made of the Artificers & Waggoners entitled to receive Cloathing, in order to make a proportionate Distribution of the Stock we have, there being not near a Sufficiency yet arrived to supply their Wants.
          I do not find any Soldier’s Cloathing in the Custody of any Person acting in the Quarter Master General’s Department. I have the Honour to be very respectfully Your Excellency’s most obedient humble Servant

            Cha. Pettit


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Charles Scott, 12 October 1778
From: Scott, Charles
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Near Bedford [N.Y.] October 12th <177>8.

          I this moment Recd a letter from Majr Lee who I sent Yesterday to Learn with Certainty Whether the enemy had Actually Imbarked. For Your Excellencys better Information I Inclose his Letter. I am Your Excellencys Obt Servant

            Chs Scott


Title: From George Washington to Major General Stirling, 12 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)

            My Lord
            Head Quarters Fredericksburg 12th October 1778

          I have recd your Lordships favs. of the 6th 7th 8th and 9th instants and thank you for the intelligence communicated in them. I had no material directions to give or I should have answered them immediately upon their Receipt.
          As your Lordships force is so very unequal to that of the Enemy, I would not wish you to remain so near them as to intice them to aim a blow at you. Keeping their foragers from extending themselves far from their main Body is your object and all that can be expected in your circumstances.

          By the last accounts from General Scott he was of opinion that the enemy were withdrawing themselves within the Bridge, but he was not certain. A fleet of transports went thro’ the sound eastward a few days ago, but the weather was too thick to observe whether they had troops on Board. Accounts from every quarter agree that some very capital move is in agitation. I wish your Lordship success and safety as I am with great Regard Yr most obt Servt.


Title: General Orders, 13 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head-Quarters Frederick’sburgh Tuesday Octr 13th 1778.
            Parole Wyoming—C. Signs Woodbury. Water-bury.

          The General Court Martial whereof Coll Patten was appointed President will sit tomorrow morning nine ôClock at General St Clair’s quarters.
          At a General Court Martial held at West-Point September 28th 1778—Lieutt Coll Burr President Elisha Painter Major of Artificers was tried for absenting himself from the Garrison & neglect of duty found guilty of the charges exhibited against him and sentenced to be dismissed the service.
          At the same Court Captn Pendleton of Artificers was tried for neglect of duty—found guilty—but some palliating Circumstances induced the Court only to mulct him half a Month’s pay to be appropriated to the use of such Prisoners in the Garrison as do fatigue and draw no Pay.
          His Excellency the Commander in Chief approves the foregoing sentences and orders them to take place.


Title: To George Washington from Major John Bigelow, 13 October 1778
From: Bigelow, John
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Hartford 13th Octr 1778.

          Last Evening I Received a Letter from Colo. Hamilton directing me to make an Exact Return of what Materials for Cloathing, and all Cloaths diliver’d by me, to whom and when, I am very Unhappy that my long detention at Congress has put the Business So far back, that ’tis not in my Power at present to make Such a Return as your Excellency Requires, and I could wish, the Accounts for making Soldiers Cloaths, are not yet <co>me in for the Connecticut Regts that renders it imposible for me to Assertain what Number of Suits Each Regt has Receiv’d. I have purchas’d a Considerable Quantity of Cloths &a which are now on the Road from Salem, and many Articles have Arriv’d here and are forwarded on to Head Quarters without Invoice’s as they are not yet come to hand. as Soon as I receive them, and can

            Collect the Accounts of Soldiers Cloathing diliver’d the Connecticut Regts the Return order’d shall be imediatly made out and forwarded on. I the Mean time have inclos’d Accts of Materials for Cloathing diliver’d [and] Goods on hand &ca as far as is in my Power. I have the Honor, to be Your Excellencys Most Obedt Hble Servant

            John Bigelow


Title: From George Washington to Vice Admiral d’Estaing, 13 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Estaing, Charles-Hector Théodat, comte d’

            Sir
            Head Quarters Fredericksburg 13th October 1778

          Inclosed I have the honor to send your Excellency the British account of the late engagement between the two Fleets respectively under the command of Monsieur D’orvilliers and Admiral Keppel, contained in a letter, published by authority, which I have just received from New york. The insipid terms of this letter—the frivolous pretext assigned for not renewing the engagement—the damage confessed to have been received—the considerable number of killed and wounded announced to the public in the shape of an official report, which from the customary practice cannot be suspected of exaggeration, and the acknowledged necessity of returning immediately into port—are circumstances that prove at least, the enemy have had no great cause of triumph in this affair.

          The departure of the English Fleet from New york mentioned in my last is positively contradicted. They were certainly at the Hook the 9th instant. The current of intelligence still continues to indicate the intention of sending a detachment to the West Indies. ’Tis said from ten to fifteen Regiments. An apprehension of this event occasions numerous desertions among their troops, who have an extreme reluctance to a voyage into that Climate. No alteration has taken place in the apparent preparations for an evacuation. With the warmest Respect and Esteem I have the honor to be Your Excellencys Most obedient Servant

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Horatio Gates, 13 October 1778
From: Gates, Horatio
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Danbury [Conn.] 13th October 1778

          in obedience to your Excellencys directions I send the within Letter to The president of Congress, which contains the Letters of Earl Balcarres; a Report prevails that the Enemy have Evacuated Fort Independence, and Their Works at Kingsbridge—I have nothing further from Major Gray since the letter of the 9th Inst:, which I transmitted to Your Excellency. I am Sir Your most Obedient Humble Servant,

            Horatio Gates


Title: To George Washington from Henry Laurens, 13 October 1778
From: Laurens, Henry
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            [Philadelphia] 13th October [1778]

          My last trouble to your Excellency was dated the 9th by Messenger Dodd who was detained by bad weather and a little management of his own until yesterday.
          Within the present inclosure your Excellency will receive the undermentioned Papers.
          1. An Act of Congress of the 12th Inst. strictly enjoining all Officers in the Army of the United States to see that the good and wholsome Laws provided for the preservation of Morals among the Soldiers be duly observed.
          2. Extract of a Letter from Governor Livingston dated the 2nd Instant, received this day.
          Congress have directed me to request your Excellency to give proper Orders for suppressing the evil complained of by the Governor.
          3. Copy of a Letter from Colo. Hartley dated Sunbury 8th October 1778.
          4. An Act of Congress of this date founded on Colonel Hartley’s Letter for preventing the Enemy from occupying a Post at Chemung &c.


Title: To George Washington from William Livingston, 13 October 1778
From: Livingston, William
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            Morris Town [N.J.] 13 Oct. 1778

          I have to acknowledge the receipt of your Excellency’s Letter relative to the Quarter master Generals department, & also your favour on the Subject of Crowels flag of truce, to neither of which I can refer by their dates, not having them before me. The papers

            accompanying the first, I immediately laid before the house, but they being exceedingly hurried by the then approaching dissolution, have done nothing in the matter.
          As to the latter I am much obliged to your Excellency for your attention to my proposal of obliging the Enemy to send their flags only to such places in this State where we have posts to receive them; & I have transmitted your Letter on that Subject to General Maxwell.
          By a Resolution of Congress of the 6th instant I am requested “to use my utmost diligence in obtaining the best information upon oath of the treatment of Lieut. Collo. Baylor & his party by the Enemy who attacked them” & the President in his Letter inclosing the resolve says that if the bayonetting in cold blood should be proved he apprehends suitable retaliation will immediately follow a refusal of Satisfaction. As I heartily wish to execute this Commission in the amplest manner for the public good, after having examined two of the men whom I met with at Princeton, I took my Journey homewards by the way of Brunswick, where I heard a considerable number of that Regiment were on their way to Princeton, but they unluckily took their rout by Millstone, & so I missed them—If it should fall in your Excellencys way to be able to direct to me any good Intelligencers for the above purpose, you will greatly oblige Dear Sir your Excellencys most humble & most obedient Sevt

            Wil: Livingston


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Woodford, 13 October 1778
From: Woodford, William
To: Washington, George

            Dear Genl
            Paramis [N.J.] 13th Octr 1778

          The Enemys Rear left the New Bridge this morning after seting Fire to their Redouts & Hutts, they took with them several of the Inhabitants, some by force, & others voluntarily went with them, I have had partys of Horse round them all Day, they are Just return’d & report that they are incamp’d in the English Neighbourhood, their Rear about three & a half Miles from the New Brid[g]e—Lt Fauntleroy took two of their stragling Refugees, & Genl Grays Waggoner, who was returning to his quarters for a large Cheese of the Generals that had been left behind—I have only seen two Deserters to Day. I had ten in Yesterday, & expect a number have gone in to Clarks Town & it’s Neighbourhood—they generly agree in the same story, Vizt of 10 Regiments going to the West Indias immediately—one only contradicts that acct & says they are going to attack the Forts up North River—they likewise give out that they are to cut a quantity of wood near Burgen before they leave the Jerseys—a Number of flat Bottom Boats at Fort Lee were carrying over Troops last Night, & I have good reason to believe

            that they have been imploy’d in the same service to day. I shall imploy the Dragoons in the morning to gain Inteligence of their situation & designs, & if any thing worth communicating to your Excellency is discoverd, it shall be forwarded without Delay—I am sorry I omitted keeping an acct of the Deserters since I came over, but to speak within Bounds, I have given passes to upwards of Fifty at this post.
          I took the liberty of conveying the inteligence of this move of the Enemy with out waiting for Lord Sterlings commands, as I thought your Excellency would wish to have the earliest notice of it.
          I inclose your Excellency the New York paper of the 12th—I am respectfully Your Excellencys Most Obedt humble Servt

            Wm Woodford


Title: General Orders, 14 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head-Quarters Frederick’sburgh Wednesday Octr 14th [1778]
            Parole Yarmouth—C. Signs Yale. York.

          The General Court Martial whereof Coll Patten is President will assemble at the Yellow House next below General Nixon’s Brigade tomorrow morning nine oClock precisely.
          Captn John Bankson of the 2nd Pennsylvania Regiment is appointed Pay-Master to the same, vice Captn Howell resigned.
          Lieut. Coll Smith is appointed Member of the General Court Martial whereof Coll Patten is President vice Lieutt Coll Loring.


Title: Circular to Seven General Officers, 14 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: General Officers

            Sir
            Head Quarters Fredericksburg 14th October 1778

          I have been waiting impatiently for the movements of the enemy to come to an issue that might ascertain their intentions for the Winter, which has hitherto prevented my taking the present step; but the uncertainty in which they still continue involved, and the advanced Season of the year, will no longer admit of delay in fixing upon a plan for the general disposition of the Army in winter quarters. In determining this, it will readily occur to you that the following particulars are to be considered. The security of the Army itself—its subsistence and accommodation—the protection of the Country—the support of our important posts—the relation which ought to be preserved with the french Fleet should it remain where it is, depending on the degree of probability of a Winter operation against it, and the succour it may derive from the troops under Genl Sullivan and the Militia of the Country. After a full consideration of these points, and of any other matters requiring attention, you will be pleased to favr me with your opinion as speedily as possible—The main Questions to be decided are—whether the Army shall be kept in a collected State and where—whether it be distributed into Cantonments and in what manner and places—how soon it shall enter into quarters—and what precautions shall be used in respect to covering provisions and Forage. I am Sir Your most obt Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Benjamin Harrison, 14 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Harrison, Benjamin

          Letter not found: to Benjamin Harrison, c.14 Oct. 1778. In an undated letter to GW, probably written sometime in November, Harrison wrote: “your favor by Mr Custis came to hand about three weeks after date” (see GW to Harrison, 18–30 Dec. 1778, source note). On his return trip home to Virginia, Custis carried GW’s letter to Patrick Henry of 14 Oct. (see the source note to that document), and it is likely that the unfound letter that Custis carried to Harrison was written about the same date.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Johann Kalb, 14 October 1778
From: Kalb, Johann
To: Washington, George

          Letter not found: from Maj. Gen. Johann Kalb, 14 Oct. 1778. GW wrote Kalb on 18 Oct.: “I have been favoured with your letter of the 14th Instant.”


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 14 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

            sir
            Head Qrs near Fredericksburg Octor 14: 1778

          Since I had the Honor of addressing you on the 6th Instant, by favor of the Marquiss Fayette, I received your Letter of the 2d with it’s Inclosure.
          I do myself the honor of transmitting you an Account of the Engagement, between the French and British Fleets on the 27th of July, as published by the British Admiralty Board; I received a printed Copy of it last night from New-York, which I have forwarded to His Excellency Count D’Estaing. It is evident from Admiral Keppel’s own relation of the affair, that he was pretty severely handled—notwithstanding he affects in the conclusion to mention that he wished extremely for an Opportunity to renew the Combat, the next day.
          We are still in great suspence, as to the operations and designs of the Enemy—though every practicable measure has been used—and is pursuing to come at them. By late and direct accounts, it would seem, that some Troops at least, are certainly going from New York. A few days I think, must open their conduct decisively.
          I have had the misfortune to hear, that the Rawleigh frigate has become a prize to Two British Ships of War—after a long and very gallant resistance. Captn Barry finding, that the Frigate would fall into the Enemy’s hands—ran her a shore on Seal Island, to which he escaped in Boats with about Eighty of his Hands and from thence to the Main. It is said he took measures for blowing her up—but was defeated in his purpose, by the perfidy of an Under Officer—who concealed himself and remained on Board. I have the Honor to be with great respect & esteem Sir Yr Most Obedt servt

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to George Measam, 14 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Measam, George

            Sir
            Head Quarters Fredericksburg 14th October 1778

          I recd yours of the 10th by Major Nicholas and was very glad to hear that so large a quantity of Cloathing had got forward to Springfeild. There being but two kinds of Coats and all the Waistcoats and Breeches being alike, will make the issuing infinitely less troublesome than had there been a variety of Uniforms. All that you have now to do is to send them forward with the utmost expedition. As they arrive the Regiments will have orders to draw as many suits as they have Men present, and upon command near Camp. It is to be regretted that there are no Hats or substitutes for them. I fear if Caps are adopted it will take more leather than we can spare without injuring the manufacture of Shoes, Accoutrements and Harness. The Board of War have given orders for an extensive purchase of Hats if to be procured.
          The troops at providence are in good Quarters and I have reason to think are much better clad than those who now are and may probably be in the Feild for some time yet. I would therefore have you forward on all the Blankets, for the want of which many of the Men here are almost perished. Major Nicholas informs me that there is some difference in the quality of the Blue and Brown Coats. The Brigades must therefore draw for Colour. I am &ca.


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Eleazer Oswald, 14 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Oswald, Eleazer

            Sir,
            Head Quarters Fredericksburg October 14th 1778

          I received your letter of the 4th at Fish Kill—On my return to this place, I immediately sent for you to have some matters explained,

            concerning which you appear to have adopted an erroneous idea—But to my surprise, I found you were gone to Philadelphia.
          You say you think you have a right to a sight of the report of the board of General officers on which the plan adopted by the Committee of arrang<ement> was founded; and declare your opinion, that both this and the subsequent report of another Board which settled the rank of the field officers of Artillery ought to have been inserted at large in general orders—These papers are neither of them in my possession; but as well as I recollect, they were not only substantially but almost literrally published in the General orders of the —in the first instance in the shape of a report of the Committee, in the last with scarcely any change of form. But if you have any scruples on the subject, you can easily remove them by applying to the Committee of arrangement who have the original papers, and who, I dare say, will readily communicate them.
          It is not for me to enter into the merits of the principles on which the decision you complain of was founded. It is only to be lamented, that no mode which can be invented to adjust competitions about rank will satisfy all the parties. But unless decisions once formed be adhered to there will never be any thing but confusion and discontent in the army. I must always regret when a good officer leaves the service, but as you are determined to do it—I shall not refuse to accept your resignation.
          You are acquainted, with the forms used upon these occasions—and that it will be necessary to produce a certificate of a settlement of accounts and your commission either to be retained or cancelled by an indorsement. I am Sir Your most hume servt.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Charles Scott, 14 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Scott, Charles

          Letter not found: to Brig. Gen. Charles Scott, 14 Oct. 1778. Scott wrote in his second letter to GW of 15 Oct.: “Your Excellencys letter enclosing the Second Warrant for the Execution of Smith Came safe to hand Yesterday.” Scott had requested further instructions in regard to this execution in his first letter to GW of 13 October.


Title: To George Washington from Major General John Sullivan, 14 October 1778
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

            Dear General
            Providence October 14th 1778

          I was yesterday honoured with your Exceellenceys favor of the 11th Instant I have as yet heard nothing of the Fleet Seen off Stamford.

          I this morning Received the Inclosed Letter from General Prescott with a Large Box containing Packages for myself the Governor Council Representatives Ministers of the Gospel &c. in this State; They Contain Proclamations Similar to the one Inclosed. I have Delivered over those Directed to the Governor & Council & Requested them not to Suffer them to be Spread among the people till I had your Excellenceys Direction This Seems to be the Last Struggle of the Expiring Commissioners from Britain Their Threats Discover their weakness & their Entreaties their Desperate Situation I beg your Excellys Directions what I Shall do with those Directed to me & what Advice I Shall give the Governor & Councill  I have the Honor to be most Respectfully Dear Genl Your Excys most obedt Servt

            Jno. Sullivan


Title: To George Washington from John Beatty, 15 October 1778
From: Beatty, John
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Princetown [N.J.] Octr 15th 1778

          I am honoured with your two letters of the 26th Ulto & 8th Inst. The former, Inclosing that of Mr Mersereau’s, I have duly noted—& now trouble your Excelly with the Answer, which I must request may be forwarded to him by the earliest conveyance—Should that Gentleman appear to make his defence, I wish also to have a hearing, as perhaps I may adduce some circumstances to support the Charge.
          In Answer to your last, I am to Acquaint your Excelly—That my omitting to lay before you the detail want & condition of the Pris’ners with the Enemy, the better to Enable you to represent their real situation to Congress; did not arise from want of attention to their Sufferings—but from some sugestions which I learned after my return, of the disposition of Congress to render them assistance & relieve their wants—& I have no[w] the pleasure to Inform your Excelly, that time has confirmed my Suppositions: they having granted a Sum more than suffi cient to discharge the whole of their public Debts—my being obliged from the Instructions of Congress to attend immediately to this Buisness & supplying the Prisnrs with Cloathing suitable for the Ensuing season, may perhaps detain me a week or two longer from Head Quarter, than I at first intended—but flatter myself Mr Adams attends you steadily.
          I am also to acquaint your Excelly—That I thought proper to defer laying before you a representation of the Case of Captains Robinson & Gault, (who were taken out of a Flag Boat last winter & since detained with the Enemy) as Mr Loring has since informed by Letter—That Genl Sir Henry Clinton has given them assurances, that they shall be speedily released.
          Mr Boudinot has promised to lay before you, the state of the Stores &ca that were destroyed by the Enemy some time since in their Excursion to middle Town point as it hapned during Mr Boudinotts time in office—being therefore better Acquainted with the Circumstances—& he having already wrote to Genl Jones, demanding payment for it: I thought it best he should make the representation to you—stating

            the Facts in a clear Light. I am Sir with great respect your most Obedt Humble Servt

            Jno. Beatty—Com: Gen: Prisrs


Title: To George Washington from David Griffith, 15 October 1778
From: Griffith, David
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Taapan [N.Y.] 15th October 1778

          The Glass your Excelly desired to be procured for you, was in the Pocket of Major Clough when he fell into the hands of the Enemy, who

            left, neither him, nor any other Officer, any of their Cloths but their Shirts—one of them, (Capt. Swan,) not so much. Lord Stirling has a Glass of the same construction, made by the same hand; If your Excellency pleases, I will endeavour to procure it for you. Coll Baylor, who I have the pleasure to acquaint you is in a fair way of being soon well, tells me, that Lord Stirlings Glass is preferable, much, to that, lately, Major Clough’s. I have the Honor to be Your Excellencys Most Obedient & most humble Servant

            David Griffith


Title: To George Washington from Patrick Henry, 15 October 1778
From: Henry, Patrick
To: Washington, George

          Letter not found: from Patrick Henry, 15 Oct. 1778. GW wrote Henry on 3 Nov.: “Your favor of the 15th Ulto came to my hands by the last Post.”


Title: From George Washington to Andrew Lewis, 15 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Lewis, Andrew

            Dear Sir,
            Fredericksburg in the State of New YorkOctr 15th 1778.

          Your favor of the 8th of Augt came safe to my hands, tho delayed in the conveyance. I am very glad that the Board prevailed on you to act as a Commissioner at Fort Pitt tho I am apprehensive the end designed, so far as an Indian treaty was in view, will not be answered by it; and am sorry that you met with so many disappointments in the beginning on acct of the non-attendance of the Gentn on behalf of Pensylvania &ca.
          No Man can be more thoroughly impressed with the necessity of offensive operations against Indians in every kind of rupture with them than I am—nor can any Man feel more sensibly for General McIntosh than I do on two Accts—the Public & his own—But ours is a kind of struggle designed I dare say by Providence to try the patience, fortitude & virtue of Men; none therefore that are engaged in it, will suffer themselves, I trust, to sink under difficulties, or be discouraged by hardships. General McIntosh is only experiencing upon a small Scale, what I have had an ample share of upon a large one; and must, as I have been obliged to do in a variety of Instances, yield to necessity—that is, to use a vulgar Phraze—shape his Coat according to his Cloth—or in other Words if he cannot do as he wishes—he must do what he can.
          If the Enemy mean to hold their present Posts in the United states the presumption is, that their operations next Campaign will be vigorous & decisive because feeble efforts can be of no avail unless by a want of Virtue we ruin & defeat ourselves; which, I think, is infinitely more to be dreaded than the whole force of G. Britain, assisted as

            they are by Hessian, Indian, & Negro Allies; for certain I am, that unless Extortion, forestalling, and other practices which have crept in & become exceedingly prevalent & injurious to the common cause, can meet with proper checks we must inevitably sink under such a load of accumulated oppression—To make and extort money in every shape that can be devised, and at the sametime to decry its value seems to have become a mere business & an epedemical disease, calling for the interposition of every good Man, & body of Men.
          We have, for more than a Month, been kept in an aukward state of Suspence on acct of the Enemy’s preparations for Imbarking at New York—Many circumstances indicate a total evacuation of that City & its dependances—others tend more to prove that it is only a partial one. sometime ago I inclined to the former opinion, at present I lean more to the latter. Certain it is, they are about to detach Troops; and I beleive to the West Indies; but the weight of evidence, in my judgment, is on the side of their Garrisoning New York & Rhode Island this Winter—at least—in this case it would appear clear to you (if you knew the Circumstances of the Army) that No aid, or very trifling, can go from hence to Genl McIntosh—but I should think that the Frontiers of Virginia, Maryland & Pensylvania could furnish Men fully competent to an Expedition to Detroit & of such kind as the Service required. Two very common errors, should be avoided in getting them (if Militia)—namely not to draw the Men together till every thing else is prepared & next not to engage them for too short a time—For Militia are soon tired of waiting and will return at the expiration of their term of Service if they were upon the eve—certainly—of reaping the most important advantages.
          If Congress are not convinced of the impropriety of a certain irregular promotion, they are the only sett of Men who require further <&> greater proofs than have already been given of the fallibility of the measure.
          Before I conclude, let me ask if we have any prospect of getting Lands which have been Surveyed—& located—under the Proclamation of 1763 but which might not have been Patented. this is the case with some that I had in my own right, and by purchase; having had no leizure even in thought, to attend to the matter for near four years. it would be rather hard upon me therefore, under these circumstances, to be a looser, or put to difficulty to get my right. Was I not concerned with you in the burning spring? Is the Land Patented? & secured? with sincere regard and esteem I am Dr Sir Yr Ob.


Title: From George Washington to the Magistrates and Selectmen of Norwalk, Connecticut, 15 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Magistrates Connecticut, Selectmen of Norwalk,

            Gentn
            [Fredericksburg] 15 Otbr 1778

          I this morning received your application, and I can assure that I am sorry any individual of the army should have violated the rights of a citizen, or that an officer should insult the authority of the State in an instance where it seems to have been particularly concerned—But that this matter may be brought to a legal issue, I inclose you a letter to General Scott who commands near Bedford, directing him to deliver over to any civil officer the soldier which you had in arrest—I have also ordered Captn Stoddard to this place that his conduct may be inquired into. you will send the evidence against him here. I am &c.

            G. W.


Title: To George Washington from Charles Pettit, 15 October 1778
From: Pettit, Charles
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Camp near Fredericksburg 15 Octr 1778

          As General Stark’s Complaint against Col. Lewis, Depy Q. Mr General at Albany, was addressed to your Excy, I take the Liberty of inclosing to you Col: Lewis’s Defence together with the Certificates he has transmitted as Vouchers for what he has asserted in his Letter. I have the Honour to be, very respectfully Your Excellency’s most obedient & most hum. Servt

            Cha. Pettit


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Rufus Putnam, 15 October 1778
From: Putnam, Rufus
To: Washington, George

            Dear Genl
            Fredericksburgh October 15th 1778

          Imediately after writing to Genl McDugle the 9th Instant I Sat out for Major Grovenors Party on the Road to Farmington by Woodbury and Waterbury and Returned Yesterday to New Milford by Litchfield where Col: Hail Delivered me your Excelencys Letter of the 9th Instant; had I Recd this before I Sat out from Lt Col: Hales Camp I Should have ben more Perticular in Noteing the most Convenient Halting Places; however I Did attend to this Circumstance So much that I Believe the following Report has no Errors meterial to the Service.
          From the Park by Head Quarters to Deacon Gailers is 13 Miles Good Stage for Encamping Wood Water and Forage; then to Shawam River 12 Miles Passing New Milford at 7. Convenient for halting then to Woodbury is 9 Miles no Supply of Forage Betwene. Then to Waterbury 10 Miles Very Little Forage betwixt From thence to Southington Meeting House 11 Miles Forage; and believe Wood in the Neighbourhood of this Place from thence to Farmington 9 Miles; Wood Water and Forage Plenty before entering the Town.
          On this Rout the Road is Very good 20 Miles to New Milford the Hills Very few and of Easy Assent from this to Woodbury Very Hilly but otherwise Fesable. The Shawam River is about 40 Feet Wide has no Bridge And in Low water the Forde is rather Deep and Since the Late Rains—would wet the Baggage in Waggons; I Am told there is a Bridge about one Mile above Passable only for Footmen from Woodbury to Waterbury the Road is Ruff but not Very wett from thence 7 Miles is Rockey and Wett on this Part I Left Major Grovenor at work

            on Monday last from whence he will Repair the Road back Again to New Milford (The Road from this to Farmington needing no Repair) Major Grovenor within two or three Days will be at Shawam River. I would Suggest whither or no it would not be Best to Build a Bridge at this Place which would Soon be Effected Provided the Town of Woodbury were Required to Assist with Ox Teams and Timber; and Eight or Ten Carpenters ordered to Join Majr Grovenor.
          From New Milford by Litchfield to Farmington, Wood Water & Forage may be had within a Mile or two one way or another wherever you Incline to Halt till you are Past Harrington within 12 Miles of Farmington where there is Very Little Forage.
          Part of this 12 Miles is Very bad Road needs much Repair And the Cassway thro the Meadows going into Farmington At Present Impassable for Footmen by Reason of the Late Freshet So that at Present the Rout by Woodbury to Farmington is much the Best.
          If a Collumn Should march to the Eastward by Springfield the Best Rout for Carriages is by New Milford to Litchfield Harrington Simsbury then Springfield in this Rout Mount Tom: Six Miles on this Side of Litchfield is the only Hill that is Very Bad. whereas in the Rout by Bulls Iron-work I am told there are Several other Hills in Addition to this which if Not avoided are Several as bad and worse.
          Lt Col: Hale is going on to Repair the Road from New Milford to Litchfield which will take him five or Six  Days the Party that was Ordered by Bulls Ironworks having Done Very Little if Col: Hale is to Repair the Road beyond Litchfield Either towards Farmington or Springfield he Should have Orders for that Purpose. I am Sr your Obedient Humble Servt

            Rufus Putnam


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Charles Scott, 15 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Scott, Charles

            Sir
            [Fredericksburg] 15 Otbr 1778

          The magistrates and select men of Norwalk have entered a complaint against two privates of Capt. Stoddard[’s] company, for violences offered to one of the inhabitants—and for the rescue of Gershom Dorman by Capt. Stoddard, whom a constable had in arrest. you will be pleased to deliver to the civil authority of the State the said Gersham Dorman of Capt. Stoddar[d]s Company and direct Capt. Stoddard himself to this place to explain his conduct in this affair, with such evidences as he may think necessary.
          This letter will be deliver[ed] you by some of the civil officers of Norwalk. I am &c. &c.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Charles Scott, 15 October 1778
From: Scott, Charles
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Near Bedford [N.Y.] 15th October 1778

          As a Considerable Number of the Carolina Mens times of Inlistment is now expierd and others that will Shortly be so, I have thaught it proper to Send the whole of them up to Camp, in order to be Replaced by others whos inlistments are of a longer Duration—this matter brings to my memory a conversation between my self and some of Colo. Blands Regt Whos times also expier the first of December. my being Well Acquainted with their faithfull Services and the loss the armey would Sustain, I was led to mention to them their Reinlisting. when to my great satisfaction a Considerable Number of them informd me that could they have leave to git home by the first of December And there Remain untill the Spring that they would Chearfully inguage for the War. some fiew whos parents have died since they have been in the Service are Obligd to take care of the famaly, and cant come out Again. But could they have this indulgance I can venture to say that at least two thirds of them will inguage again. my being Acquainted with this matter and thaught it an object worthey of attention I have taken the liberty to mention it to Your Excy and hope it will meet Your approbation. if it Should and Your Excy think proper Majr Jameson will Wait on You for Instructions. I mention the majr Mearly

            because I know he can do more with the men than any other officer. he has pretty Generally Commd’d the Regt, they look up to him for Justice being don them Which he has ever Carfully attended to. I am Your Excellencys Obt Servant

            Chs Scott


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Charles Scott, 15 October 1778
From: Scott, Charles
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Near Bedford [N.Y.] October 15th 1778

          I am informd by an officer who is exchanged, and this moment from York, that on Satterday Night and Sunday last, a Very considerable body of Troops imbarked. and it is Given out that they are going to the Southward He was not able to form any Judgment with Respect to their Numbers, as they or the greater Part of them went on board in the Night. he says that the Shipping that was in the north River was all Halled up to the Wharves But for what purpose he Cant tell. he brought With him a Copy of the petision from the Refugees to the Commissioners which Your Excy has inclosd. I will forward him to Head Quarters as soon as his Bagage can Be got up to this place. I have heard nothing From Leavenworth Since his Return from long Island. Your Excellencys letter enclosing the Second Warrant for the Execution of Smith Came safe to hand Yesterday. I am Your Excellencys Obt Servant

            Chs Scott


Title: From George Washington to Major General Stirling and Brigadier Generals William Maxwell and William Woodford, 15 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander),Maxwell, William,Woodford, William

            My Lord
            Head Quarters [Fredericksburg] 15th October 1778

          In addition to the questions which I have already proposed for the consideration of the General Officers—I have farther asked whether judging from the present state and appearance of affairs, it would be advisable to detach any part of our force to Boston—& shd it be decided in the affirmative—what force would it be proper to detach—Your Lordship will be so good as to add your opinion on these subjects. I am with great regard Your most obedt Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Stirling, 15 October 1778
From: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)
To: Washington, George

            Dr Sir
            Aquakanoc [N.J.] Octor 15: 1778

          I wrote your Excellency yesterday from Hackensack, the parties of horse which followed the Enemy returned last Night they got to powles hook about one oClock, about one hundred Sail of transports lay off that place. This forrageing Jaunt has Cost the Enemy at least Seventy deserters a great proportion of them fine fellows Granadiers & light Infantry, we lost one a foreigner.
          The troops are Marching to their Stations, I expect to be at Elizabeth Town this Afternoon—I am your Excellency’s Most Obt Humble Servant

            Stirling,


Title: To George Washington from Captain Josiah Stoddard, 15 October 1778
From: Stoddard, Josiah
To: Washington, George

            Sr
            Bedford [N.Y.] Octobr 15. 1778.

          The very unhappy Situation of Elisha Smith now under Sentence of Death for Desertion &c. renders him an Object of great Pity, & induces me to ask of Your Excelly some mitigation of his punisht.
          I do not hope to avail myself merely of Your Excellencys well known Clemency, but only beg leave to Suggest, that possibly a less Severe fate might Satisfy the Spirit of the Law & his Usefulness be continued in some Department from which his Escape wou’d be impracticable.
          This is the first time he ever appeard before a Court of any kind—he has served the Country ever Since the War began, distinguishd himself at the Battle of Trenton & has been my Waiter near Eight months, & has ever behaved with Uniform Integrity—This Desertion was unpremeditated & Urgd on by Patterson his Accomplice as appears by some inhabitants & the first moment of his reflection determond him to Return—He is only Nineteen Years of Age, unhackny’d in Villany & of a corrigable Temper, which make him less desirably an Object of public Justice.
          If these or any more Obvious Considerations Shoud incline Your Excellency to extend Mercy the wretched Boy shou’d hope for so timely An interposition as to Anticipate the Execution which I am told is

            fixd for Saturday. I Remain with the higest Respect Your Excelys most Obed. & hume Servt

            Jos. Stoddard Capt. 2. Regt Drags.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Woodford, 15 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Woodford, William

          Letter not found: to Brig. Gen. William Woodford, 15 Oct. 1778. GW’s aide-de-camp John Laurens wrote on the third page of Woodford’s letter to GW of 13 Oct.: “Answd 15th—thanking him for the intelligence—and desiring instant advice of every interesting event—as every day brings us nearer to an important juncture.”


Title: General Orders, 16 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head-Quarters Frederick’sburgh Octr 16th 1778
            Parole Woolwich—C. Signs Wooburn. Witney.

          Tomorrow being the glorious Anniversary of the surrender of General Burgoyne and his troops to the Arms of America, under the Command of Major General Gates, it will be commemorated by the discharge of thirteen Cannon from the Park of Artillery at twelve ôClock.
          No more sick to be sent to the hospital at Quaker Hill without first enquiring of the Chief Surgeon there whether they can be received, as the house is already full.
          At a General Court Martial whereof Coll Hogan was President held at West-Point October 11th 1778, Lieutt Chandenit A.D.Q.M.G. was tried for refusing to sign an order for Forage sent him by Captain Carter and acquitted. The Commander in Chief approves the sentence. Lieutt William Henshaw of the 5th Connecticutt Regiment is appointed Pay Master to the same from the 1st of September last.


Title: Council of War, 16 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Council of War

            At a Council of War held at FrederickburghOctober 16th 1778

          Present Major Generals Gates[,] Green[,] De Kalb[,] McDougall[,] Steuben[,] Brigadier Generals Nixon[,] Parsons[,] Smallwood[,] Knox[,] Patterson[,] Wayne[,] Hand.
          The Commander in Chief informs the Council, that the enemy’s whole force in these States still continue in two principal divisions one at New York and its dependencies consisting of about thirteen thousand—the other on Rhode Island consisting of about five thousand. That a considerable detachment from the former sent three or four Weeks since into Bergen county, in the Jerseys, have hitherto been employed in a forage, part are said to have lately returned and the remainder it is given out, intend to cut a quantity of wood before they leave the Jerseys.
          That their fleet was still in the harbour of New York the 9th instant—rumoured to intend sailing shortly for Boston.
          That the general current of intelligence from New York indicates preparations to be in readiness to leave that post—and more particularly a design of making a considerable detachment, generally supposed for the West Indies—the number mentioned from ten to fifteen regiments, which are reported to have been filled up, by the reduction of some other regiments—That an officer of ours, prisoner with the enemy, just exchanged brings an account of the actual embarkation of a large body of troops, on saturday night and sunday last—said to be destined for the southward, of which however, no confirmation has been received from any other quarter.
          That our whole force in this quarter is about fifteen thousand rank and file, fit for duty, including the two brigades in the Jerseys, and the garrison at West Point—a considerable part of which have completed and will soon complete the term of service, for which they are engaged.
          That General Sullivan has under his command at Providence and its dependencies about 3500 Continental and state troops.
          From this state of facts and under these circumstances, The Commander in Chief requests the opinion of the Council, whether it will be prudent and adviseable, to make a detachment from the main army towards Boston, and of what force.

          He further informs the Council, that he has been impatiently waiting for the movements of the enemy to ascertain their intentions for the Winter, in order to enable him the better to judge of a proper general disposition of the army in Winter-quarters; but the uncertainty, in which their designs still continue involved and the advanced season of the year, will no longer admit of delay, in fixing upon a plan for this important purpose—He therefore requests the advice of the council on the following points—whether the army shall be held in a collected state during the Winter and where? whether it shall be distributed into cantonments and in what particular manner? what precautions shall be adopted in either case to shelter the troops and procure subsistence both of provisions and forage?
          He observes—That in determining these questions, the considerations principally to be attended to are—the actual strength and situation and the probable designs of the enemy—the security, good government and discipline of the army—the difficulties of subsistence and accommodation—the protection of the country—the support of our important posts—the relation proper to be preserved with the French [fleet], considering the degree of probability of its remaining where it now is, and of a winter operation against it, and the occasional succour it may derive from the troops under General Sullivan and from the Militia of the Country.
          He finally informs the Council that some time since, he directed the Quarter Master General to endeavour to provide materials for barracks—The result of his measures will appear in a letter from Mr Pettit hereunto annexed.


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 16 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

            Dear Sir
            Head Quarters Fredericksburg 16 October 1778

          I am favd with yours of the 15th containing the disagreeable account of the further ravages committed by the Indians. I will immediately order one Regiment to be held ready for the frontier service, and if, upon making a general arrangement of the Army, I find that more can be spared, I will make an addition to the number. As I am unacquainted with the direction of Anaquaga I shall be obliged by your Excellency’s informing me immediately by Express to what place the troops from hence shall march, in order to meet and cooperate with those already to the Northward—Colo. Butler marched the beginning of this month with an intent to strike some of the places of rendezvous of the enemy upon the North West frontier. I have not heard whether he has had any success; but by a letter from General Stark I find that the Onieda’s had destroyed the settlement at Unadilla and Butter Nuts and brought off some prisoners—I shall be guided by your better Judgment in the directions to be given to the Officer who will command this expedition, and I shall therefore be glad to have your advice in the fullest manner, as to the Route, the proper places to lodge supplies—the easiest method of procuring them and any other matters which you may judge necessary for the execution of the plan. I am &ca.


Title: From George Washington to Vice Admiral d’Estaing, 16 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Estaing, Charles-Hector Théodat, comte d’

            Sir.
            Head Quarters [Fredericksburg] 16th October 1778.

          I have just received intelligence that on the nights of the 10th and 11th inst: a considerable body of troops embarked at New York—the most accurate accounts that we have been able to obtain of their numbers make them consist of ten Regiments with their flank companies completed by drafts to the full establishment—which will make them amount to between five and six thousand men—some however pretend that five and others that seven brigades have embarked—Altho’ I am clearly satisfied in my own mind that these troops are destined for the West Indies and repeated intelligence corroborated by the reason of the thing, almost removes the suspicion of any enterprise being meditated at this late season against Your Excellencys Squadron—it is an object too precious to the common cause, for me not to give Your Excellency immediate notice of a movement which might by the most remote possibility affect it—and take such measures for counteracting the success, as other considerations by which Your Excellency knows my conduct must be regulated, will allow—I have therefore ordered a detachment of troops to proceed by gentle marches as far as Connecticut River—that it may be so far on its way should occasion require—the utmost vigilance will be used to ascertain the time when the transports with the troops in question shall put to Sea—their number—the convoy attending them and every other interesting particular—There are circumstances which induce a belief of the enemys intention to maintain a garrison in New York—after sending a sufficient detachment to their Islands—such are—the superior Advantages which this post and its dependencies possess for the security and support of a body of troops—the convenience of the port for distressing our Trade—and the excellence of the general situation for prosecuting  that kind of prædatory and desultory war with which they seem to threaten us.
          The judicious Reflexions which Your Excellency has done me the honor to communicate in your letter of the 29th Ulto and the conjectures founded on them favor in part the idea of an offensive operation by the English in the West Indies—their success in this must depend upon a naval Superiority in those Seas—Your Excellencys reasoning on Admiral Gambiers being appointed to the chief command on the American Station is conclusive—and gives room to surmise that Admiral Biron may be destined for that of the West Indies—The uncommon ill health of the latters Crews, is a circumstance that may be depended upon—the report of their laboring under a contagious

            disorder is without foundation—many of the Sailors have deserted to our Outposts and among them some convalescents—who say that the rest are recovering fast—I am happy to be informed that Your Excellency has found a satisfactory method for exchanging the bulk of your prisoners—every thing in my power shall be done for the expeditious forwarding of the rest to New York—and negotiating their exchange agreeably to the terms of the convention which you are to communicate.
          The Marquis de la fayette is gone to pay a visit to Congress—the relation in which he stands to Your Excellency made me happy during his stay in camp—by furnishing more particular occasions for expressing the sentiments of respect with which Your Excellency has inspired me—Mr de choin whose flattering remembrance of me you are so obliging as to mention in your letter of the 2d inst.—if he had obtained Your Excellencys permission to return—would likewise have furnished me with such desirable opportunities—but my regret for my own loss in the Majors absence, is much diminished when I consider the enviable happiness he enjoys near Your Excellency and the Satisfaction you derive from the company of this worthy officer.
          I have already had the honor of transmitting to Your Excellency Admiral Keppels own account of the naval Combat—which has all the complexion of a defeat on his part—tho his affairs were not so desperate as those of Your Excellencys Antagonist Lord Howe—who is said to have kept himself for security, on board a swift Sailing Frigate when you gave him chase—I congratulate with Your Excellency on the prospect of Mr Du chaffauts Recovery—If the Report that Channel Pilots are engaged for the use of the Spanish Fleet be well grounded—the natural inference as Your Excellency observes is very favorable.
          the present I think promises fair to be the æra when the valour of the French Marine will be rewarded—The English can boast but few Ships that have not been chased by the French—their European Fleet and American Squadron have undergone the same disgrace. I have the honor to be with equal attachment and respect Your Excellencys most obedient and most humble Svt

            Go: Washington

          p.s. I have the honor of inclosing to Your Excelly the last effort of the British Commissioners in Proclamation—it will share the fate of all the former—I likewise inclose the Petition of the Tories in New York.


Title: To George Washington from Henry Laurens, 16 October 1778
From: Laurens, Henry
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            [Philadelphia] 16th October [1778]

          I had the honor of writing to Your Excellency the 13th Instant by Messenger Freeman.
          Inclosed Your Excellency will be pleased to receive an Act of Congress of yesterdays’ date for removing from Massachusetts Bay to Charlotte[s]ville in Virginia the Troops of the Convention of Saratoga unless Sir Henry Clinton shall have complied with one of the requisitions of Congress in their Act of the 11th September last.
          Also an Act of this date in a printed Paper forbidding every Person holding an office under the United States to encourage or attend at Theatrical Entertainments.
          I likewise trouble Your Excellency with an Act of the same date for preventing the spreading seditious Papers in these States by the Enemy under the Mask of Flags of Truce or otherwise and for punishing Persons detected in attempts to disperse such Papers—this, as I apprehend was intended to extend as a direction to Your Excellency, and to Commanders of seperate Departments, but upon a review I

            find it is not so comprehensive it is therefore offered at present as matter of information. I have the honor to be &c.

          P.S: Your Excellency’s favor of the 6th Inst. & the Roll containing proceedings of a Court Martial on General Schuyler have been duly presented to Congress.


Title: From George Washington to Major Henry Lee, Jr., 16 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Henry Jr.

            Dr Sir
            Head Quarters [Fredericksburg] 16th Otbr 1778

          I have been duly favoured with your letter of the 14th Inst. respecting Capt. Lindsays resignation.
          Altho’ I give up with regret an officer of Captn Lindsays approved military worth, yet I cannot but acquiesce in his desire to resign; being persuaded, that without his private concerns were of the most pressing nature and demanded his personal attention he would not think of retiring—You will be pleased to signify to the Captn my approbation and that his commission will be received when he pleases to send it. I am &c.


Title: To George Washington from John Mitchell, 16 October 1778
From: Mitchell, John
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Philada 16 October 1778

          I had the pleasure of your Excellencys favor of the 4th Instant from Fish-kill—I have been to see the Chariot mentioned in your Letter, and several others wch are to be sold, but none of them apears to me fitt for your Service or such as wou’d please Mrs Washington they are all Carriages wch have been long used & refitted up to serve the purchasers that now owns them—I have some expectation of geting one wch I believe wou’d answer—shall be able to inform you in a few days.
          I have purchased t[w]o very neat well made Traveling Trunks for your Excellency, & have sent in one of them a Sett of Canteens wch Col. Cox bought at Egg harbour for you, they go with several other Articles as ⅌ Inclosed memorandum, by Mr Parker W[agon] Master

            who has orders to call at the Quarter Master Generals Store in Camp, to know where you will think proper to order them.
          There was not a cut & thrust sword in the Cargo of the Prize Ship sent in to Egg harbour—I have sent you a chain & Swivel with a Hook for your sword, it is the best I have been able to procure but hope to meet with one soon more Elegant & fit for Your use—hope the case & Tea Equ[i]page meets your aprobation it was the best I cou’d procure—have now sent your Excellency two Dozen of Ivory handled knives & forks & two carving knives & forks, as those I sent before were not such as wou’d do for your Table when better cou’d be got, at that time none better cou’d be procured.
          I beg leave to present Mrs Mitchells best Complimts to your Excellency, & her particular request, that Mrs Washington will do us the Honor to make my House her home when she comes to this City, it will be perfectly convenient to us & give the greatest pleasure, therefore hope for that Happiness.
          I have not had it in my power to procure such Table Cloths as were fit for your use, but hope soon to get them.
          Nothing will give me greater pleasure then to have it in my power to render your Excellency every service I can do—have sent the three last News papers by the bearer. I have the honor to be with great respect Your Excellencys Most Obedient & most hume Servt

            Jno. Mitchell D:Q.M: Gl


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Peter Muhlenberg, 16 October 1778
From: Muhlenberg, Peter
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            West point Octobr 16th 1778.

          I have the Honor to transmit Your Excellency my Sentiments on the Questions proposd, relative to fixing upon a plan for the General disposition of the Army in Winter Quarters—I must confess it is with Diffidence I venture on the Subject, as I am too little acquainted with the Country on the East of Hudsons River, to determine with propriety, what place will best answer the purpose, of covering our important Posts, as well as supplying the Army with Provisions & Forage.
          The Enemy with their Main Force at present Occupy New York, Long & Staten island; and as they have the Command of the Water, They will have it in their Power to make incursions into any State they

            think proper, but as it is impossible to Guard the whole Continent, We ought to keep particularly in View two Grand Objects, The Posts in the Highlands, & the French Fleet; to answer this purpose, and at the same time to cover as well as possible the Neighbouring States The Army ought to be in such a position, that the whole might be able to Join in three or four days if it should be found necessary—The Main Body of the Army might lie near Fishkill, a very secure Post, which the Enemy cannot come at, but by marching thro’ Mountains allmost inaccessible, when in the least opposd—Three or four Brigades Advancd three days March on the Boston Road, to be in readiness to act in conjunction with General Sullivan and the Militia, to Counteract any designs the Enemy might have upon the French Fleet, tho I hardly think it probable, the Enemy would undertake so dangerous an Operation in the Winter, especially when the Necessary preparations must apprise us of their design—Some Brigades in the Jersey who would serve as a Cover not only to the State but to the Highland Posts.
          A Strong Garrison at West point—The Spare Horses might be sent to the Jersey & Connecticut to be Wintred—In this Situation I presume We might be able to frustrate any designs the Enemy may have, upon either the Fleet or the Highland Posts, and at the same time be in the best Situation possible to provide for the Army—but as it will be impossible to provide Houses for all the Troops at the different Posts, and it would be unadvisable to Canton them about in the Country, no time should be lost in providing Materials for raising temporary Barracks to cover the Soldiery during the Winter, & to keep them as Compact as the Situation of Affairs will permit—Your Excellency will please to remember that last Winter, many inconveniences might have been prevented, and our Winter Quarters rendred more Comfortable, if we could have begun upon them before the Severity of the Winter came on. I have the Honor to be Your Excellencys Most Obedt hble Servt

            P: Muhlenberg


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel William Palfrey, 16 October 1778
From: Palfrey, William
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Friday Morning [16 October 1778]

          I have examin’d the Abstract of pay due the Corps of Horse Commanded by Colo. Seymour. So far as it relates to the pay of the

            Officers & men while in actual Service, the Charges are just and proper, but it is accompanied with such a Load of abominable and Unprecedented Expences that in Justice to the public I could by no means think myself authorized to allow—The whole time of Service was only Eighteen days. Eight of which were employed in their Journey to & from Camp and yet their Claim amounts to between Seven & Eight thousand Dollars—I therefore thought it best to refer him to your Excellency, if you think proper to allow the Account, or any part of it, the liquidation will come properly in the Auditors department. I am most respectfully Your Excellcy’s obedt Servant

            Wm Palfrey P.M.G.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Charles Scott, 16 October 1778
From: Scott, Charles
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Near Bedford [N.Y.] October 16th 1778

          I recd a letter from Capt. Leavenworth last Night. he confirms the account of the imbarkation of the troops with this Difference he mentions Only five Brigads other Accts Say Seven.
          I am informd by a Deserter a Horsman from Simcoes Corps, who seems a Very intilligent fellow that one Brigade Marched the day before Yesterday From Near Fort Washington, and he Saw a large Number of men going of[f] from the Right of the Incampment among whom was the 71st Regiment of Hylanders who refusd to march, and

            Laid down their Arms, and after Much Bustle and Noise Genl Sir William Erskin came up and told them that they wear not to march, but the others Moved on Towards York as he understood to imbark for the West Indies. Yesterday Morning before he left the Camp there was a general order for all the troops To git in their Cloths from the Wash, and have them Packed in the Knapsacks and be in Readiness To march at a munits warning. and that those On the Out Picquets had the Same orders both Horse & foot. he Says that he heard an officer Say that they wear going to the Jerseys. he Says that all the waggons has been Lately reparing and the Horses are all lately Shod—the officer that I mentiond In my letter of Yesterday, tells me that on his Way from York to Kings Bridg not fare below Fort Washington he met Six Pieces of Brass Cannon going towards York, with the Useal number of Artillery men. he also Saw many officers and a Considerable number of Stragling Soldiers with their Packs, which led him to believe that Some troops Had Marched the over Night and those officers was Sent to Bring on the Straglers. he Says that nothing has transpierd since the arival of the Packett not even an extract from the London paper But immediatly upon its arival the troops in Jersey and those advanced of Kings Bridg wear orderd inn. I am Your Excellencys Obt Servant

            Chs Scott


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General John Stark, 16 October 1778
From: Stark, John
To: Washington, George

            Dear General
            Albany 16th October 1778

          yours of 8th October Came Duly to hand you have Ordered those Troops that are posted at Fort Edward to Quarter at Saratoga Which will be Complyd with; I have Recd no Instructions Where those that are at Otter Creek will be Quartered, I would be Glad to be Informd.
          Enclosed is a Copy of a Letter from Mr Dean to General Schuyler which I Recd by Express I have heard nothing from Colo. Butler Since he left Schoharie But think it Cannot be Long before Some Inteligance I have from him. I am Sir your most Obedient Humble Sert

            John Stark


Title: To George Washington from Major General Stirling, 16 October 1778
From: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            Elizabeth Town [N.J.] October 16th 1778

          The last letter I wrote your Excellency was from Hackensack the 14th. I have since received your letter of the 12th. as soon as I could be sure that the Enemy were evacuating the County of Bergen, I ordered the troops under my Command to Move down this way. I

            informed you how I intended to Station them, they are I belive all at their posts, and we have some Militia at detached posts, which I Chuse to keep up, in order to keep the Brigades more Compact.
          Every thing is in Motion with the Enemy at New York and Staten Island, the Cause of it we must Guess from Circumstances. the enclosed Letter A will inform your Excellency of many Circumstances up to the 12th. the other B brings Howels Journal down to the Same day. I have this day seen a Capt. Clun an exchanged prisoner (who Came from N.y. yesterday), an Intelligent and Observant Capt. of a Ship out of a Southern port, he has lately been much at liberty and with oppertunity of makeing usefull Observations, and Says that there are about 250 Sail of Transports prepared for the reception of Troops, over & above Ordinance Ships, Store or Victualling Ships, that the Embarkation has in part taken place and going on as fast as Circumstances will admit, that Yesterday he saw the highlanders Embark in the East River as they arrived in flat bottomed boats from powles Hook, in other parts of the Bay & River the same work was going on. the day before yesterday he saw a Number of Troops Marching in towards the Town from Kingsbridge, that the Invalids of all the foreign & Brittish Regts are embarked; that all the heavy Iron Cannon on the Battery have been Unspiked and are Embarked, that 50 days provision is embarked in the transports, one tun & a half allowed per man in them; they Complain of this being too Crowding. the Opinions in town, Various, of their destination; some say Boston others to the British West Indies, others an Expedition to South Carolina, or St Lezie. the Leviathan an old 74. Venus, LeBrune and another frigate to Convoy the Ships for Europe & Hallifax. that 16 Sail of the Line, to wit 1 of 84. 9 of 74. & 6 of 64 are to go on the Grand Expedition. that it is his own opinion that the Iron Cannon are going to Bermuda, providince & such other Islands as want them; that a General Evacuation of New york will take place; that they will all Sail together, that the Tories and some troops are going to Hallifax, Invalids & others to England, the remainder to their own West Indies while the Grand fleet of Capital Ships after seeing them off the Land will look at the Count de Estainge to prevent his Medling with any of them. he says he thinks they Can not be Setled on board their transports, and ready for Sea in less than five or Six day more; the Sale of goods is hurried at very low prices for the hard Cash, and the Tories much in the dumps. this Intelligence is so very Clearly told and Coroborated by the language of several others Come out, that I am induced to give great Credit to Capt. Clun’s Intelligence. However I shall watch their Motions by every Means in My power; An Officer with a party of Light Horse will every day be at Amboy to give me the Earliest Intelligence of the Sailing of any Number

            Ships, they can from thence see every great movement, and I shall have Intelligence of it much sooner than from Major Howel; on any such Event takeing place I will be there myself and your Excellency shall have the Earliest Intelligence of it, and I hope in time for Count de Estainge to fall in with some of them at least.
          Colonel Martin has at my request Collected all the troops about Prince & Trentown and gone down to act in Conjunction with Count Poulaski.
          I have desired Doctor Griffith to Collect every Circumstance relative to the Massacre of Colonel Baylors Corps and to get them Assertaind on Oath. Capt. Stith Contrary to your Orders; and the Advice of Dr Caldwell has proceeded to Princetown & Trentown, the very places He was desired [to] Avoid, as on the Grand Communication where forage is Scarce, he seems to have taken fright at the Bayonet; I shall order him back to the forks of Raratan where he will be in a fine Country & out of the Way of that Communication.
          I recollect nothing more at present and am with most Sincere Affection Esteem Regard and Attachment Your Excellencys Most obedient Humble Servt

            Stirling,

          here is a Grand Wedding of Miss Smith to Mr Elisha Boudenot the Ladys present their Compts to your Excy and family.


Title: To George Washington from Major General John Sullivan, 16 October 1778
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

            My Dear General
            Providence October 16th 1778

          I Take this opportunity by Capt. Collins to Inform your Excellencey That The Fleet of thirty Sail mentioned in my former Letters turns out to be a wood Fleet Convoyed by five Ships of war There is nothing further worth your Excellenceys attention in this Department I have the honor to be Dear Genl with much Esteem your Excellencys most obedt Servt

            Jno. Sullivan


Title: General Orders, 17 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head-Quarters Frederick’sburgh Saturday Octr 17th 1778.
            Parole Bemus—C.Signs Burgoyne. Bennington—


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Theodorick Bland, 17 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Bland, Colonel Theodorick

            Dear sir—
            Head Qrs [Fredericksburg] 17th Otbr 1778.

          As the term of your Regiments inlistment is nearly expiring, it is time to fall upon some mode to continue the men in the service. Gen. Scott in a letter to me of the 15th Inst. observes that could they be indulged with leave of absence for the winter, he thinks the greatest number would reinlist—I am not over fond of making a stipulation of this kind could it be avoided, besides it is setting up a pernicious presedent to the army. I would therefore have every other method tryed—the inducements offered by congress with the endeavours of those of your officers whom you perceive to have a more immediate influence over the men—In the mean time you will be pleased to make me a return of those whose times are expiring or may have exp[i]red, with your opinion whether the regiment can be reinlisted without having recourse to this expedient. When I receive your report I shall instruct you further on this subject.


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 17 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

            Sir,
            Head Quarters [Fredericksburg] October 17th 1778

          I had the honor of writing to your Excellency yesterday, requesting your advice on the proposed expedition against Anaquaga. I have given Col. Cortland orders to get his regiment well clad, and prepared without delay, for this purpose, and to wait upon you himself to consult you fully on the most expeditious mode of proceeding and the previous measures proper to be taken. If the troops already to the Northward, and which by my last accounts were marching towards Unadilla under the Comd of Lt Colo. Butlar can form a junction with this regiment in time & with a proper degree of safety it will be a desireable circumstance. I shall be glad of your opinion on this point, and at what place the junction could be most safely and conveniently formed. If this cannot be done—they may possibly still co-operate and form a diversion favourable to the entreprise against Anaquaga, by directing a stroke upon some other quarter—On this point also I request your Excellency’s sentiments.
          You will no doubt, give directions in time to have the Militia, who are to assist in this business—ready, and will appoint a place of rendezvous where they will join the Continental troops. I must beg the favour of you to concert with Colonel Cortlandt the necessary arrangements for providing the supplies of provisions which will be wanted—the proper repositories the means of transportation—and such other matters as will occur to you upon the subject—and measures shall be immediately taken accordingly.
          I fear the article of cloathing may be the occasion of some delay with respect to the troops already to the Northward—their distressed situation and the approaching cold season, make a supply indispensible in an expedition of this nature—I have ordered cloathing for them to be forwarded with all dispatch from Springfield to Albany;  but before it can reach them a great deal of time must unavoidably be lost.
          Col. Van Schaicks regiment will shortly set out to relieve the Garrison of Fort Schuyler—if this Regiment could be employed on the expedition and be in time to answer this other purpose, it would be

            manifestly advantageous—If this cannot be the case—can any use be made of Gansewort’s Regiment, after it is relieved?
          I am sorry to give you so much trouble in this affair; but your superior knowledge of the frontier and of the country in general & the mean[s] you have at present of information will plead my excuse. I have the honor to be With the greatest respect & regard Your Excelly’s Most Obedt servt

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 17 October 1778
From: Clinton, George
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Poghkeepsie [N.Y.] 17th October 1778

          I am favored with your Excellency’s Letter of Yesterday. Anaquaga lies on the Susquehanah about a West Course from Kingston in Ulster County—different Routes may be taken to it, the first by the Way of Peinpach or Minisink which is situate on the Delaware about 40 Miles West of New Windsor, the second is from Rochester twenty five Miles South West of Kingston as described in Colo: Cantine’s Letter a Copy of which I inclosed your Excellency in my last, the third is from Schoharry which is at the Distance of thirty five or forty Miles South West of Albany being the Place at which Colo. Butler was stationed—this last Route is by the Way of Cobus Kill and Unadilla and I am informed is the shortest and most practicable; and the Troops marching from thence against Anaquaga may be joined by those at Cherry Valley either at Cobus Kill or Unadilla. There are many Reasons which induce me however to prefer Rochester as the Place of Rendezvous for the Troops which are now intended for the Frontier Service—A greater Number of the Militia of that Part of the Country may be obtained to assist in the Expedition they are more to be relied on than those of the other Places and the Inhabitants in general will chearfully render every Aid in their Power. Supplies also of Provision and Forage can be easier provided here and as this Place abounds in good Teams there will be no Difficulty in conveying any Stores that

            may be necessary, from the Landing at Kingston (to which Place they ought to be forwarded) to the Frontier Settlement at Rochester and the Troops from this and the other Posts may co-operate together by forming a Junction without much Inconvenience at Papachton on the East Branch of Delaware.
          Besides by the Troops occupying three different Stations the principal Frontier Settlements will in some Measure be guarded against the Depredations of the Enemy whilst the Preparations requisite for the Expedition are making.
          Your Excellency will observe that by Colo. Cantine’s Letter the Route from Rochester to Anaquaga is particularly described and that the greatest Part of it is not passable with Carriages but by Pack Horses only. A Number of Horses (tho’ I think not a Sufficiency) may be procured in the Neighbourhood upon the Principles mentioned in Colo. Cantine’s Letter—Pack Saddles & some Horses will however be necessary.
          As the Season is far advanced it will not admit of any very formal Preparations for this Expedition—which would occasion Delay and the Success of the Enterprize will in some Measure depend upon its being carried suddenly into Execution—If Anaquaga was Colo. Butler’s Object as I suppose it was Unadilla the only intermediate Settlement being destroyed before he marched he must have arrived at Anaquaga at the Time when the Enemy were at Peinpach and of Course has been able to destroy Anaquaga with little or no Opposition but I fear the Force he had with him was not formidable enough to render it prudent to venture so far into the Country without knowing what he had to oppose.
          If any Thing further occurs to me on this subject worth communicating I shall take the earliest Opportunity of transmitting it to your Excellency. and am with great Regard Your Excellency’s most obedt servt

            Geo: Clinton

          p.s. Since Writing the above I am informed by a Person from Albany that Colo. Butler was not returned to Schoharry the Day before Yesterday. That on his Arrival at Unadilla he found that Place destroyed & thereupon immediately proceeded farther into the Country Anaquaga is the next Settlement about 20 Miles distant. The inclosed Letter from Mr L’Hommedieu a Member of our Assembly was also received since Writing the above which I beg Leave to submit to your Excellency.

            G:C.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General James Clinton, 17 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, James

            Sir,
            [Fredericksburg, 17 October 1778]

          I have determined to send Col. Van Schaicks regiment to Fort Schuyler to relieve Col. Ganseworth. You will signify this to Col. Van Schaick that he may be preparing for it—So soon as the cloathing, expected in camp, arrives, he shall have an order for a competent supply and will then proceed. He can mention the matter to Col. Hay,

            who will be looking forward to a provision of vessels to convey the regiment to Albany.
          It is also my intention to send Col. Cortlandt on an expedition to the Frontier His regiment will proceed immediately to Poughkepsie; and he himself will go on before to consult Governor Clinton—I have written to him on the subject. I am Sir Your most Obed. servant.


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 17 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

            Dear sir
            [Fredericksburg, 17 October 1778]

          Captains Gawen Brown and John Langdon and Lieut. William Davis of Colo. Henry Jackson’s Regiment have requested to resign their Commissions and have lodged Certificates, that they are not indebted to the public. You will be pleased to call for their Commissions and to give discharges upon them. And as there are frequent applications by the Officers, employed at the Eastward, of the same nature and considerable time is spent, in writing to and from Head Quarters upon the subject, you will upon future occasions, give discharges yourself upon the Commissions—and transmit me an account of the same from time to time that they may be properly registered and forwarded to the Board of War.
          The Enemy, who were in Jersey for several days past, have returned to Newyork again; and by advices received yesterday, I believe it is certain, that a considerable detachment, consisting of Ten full Regiments at least, is embarking. Their destination is not certainly known; but the current reports of Deserters and other intelligence from York say—they are going to the West Indies. There are some accounts too, that say Charles Town is their Object. However, as it is possible that they may meditate a stroke against Boston—notwithstanding all reasoning seems against it—I mean to put a Detachment from the Army in motion, which will advance Eastward, as far as Connecticut River, till we are ascertained of their views. I am Dr sir with great regard Your Most Obedt servt

            Go: Washington

          p.s. The Enclosed Letter for the Marquiss Devienne you will be pleased to deliver him as soon as you can. The Officers of Jackson’s Regiment mentioned above, are probably at Boston.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons, 17 October 1778
From: Parsons, Samuel Holden
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Camp [Fredericksburg] Octr 17th 1778

          The march of Part of the Troops towards Boston being determind, it only remains for me to give my Opinion in what Manner the Army shall be disposd during the Winter and how they are to be provided with Forage and Provisions.
          The Security, good Government, and Discipline of the Troops will be best attaind and Promoted in a compact Body, and Bread will be easier supplied in a Station near the North River than in any other Position. and no other Position will so effectually secure our important Posts near that River—Forage will be Provided with greater Ease and at less Expence in a dispersd than a compact Situation; I imagine the greater Part of the Meat consumd in the winter will be salted the grass fed Beef will soon be expended and the Stall fed Beef will not be furnishd in great Quantities untill near the Close of the Winter, if this Should be the Case the Expence of Carriage will be less in a dispersd than a united Situation.
          On the whole I am of Opinion that about 6000 or 7000 Men should be kept in a collected Body at or near Fishkill which with the Assistance of the Militia will be able to defend those Passes against any Force the Enemy can bring against them before the whole Army might be again United—that about 1000 be posted in the Garrison at West-point—About 3000 at or near the Clove on the West Side Hudson’s River, and the Remainder about 2000 not far from Danbury or Ridgfield or in that Proportion should the army be more or less numerous after the first of Jany by which Time the Term of Service of many in the Army expires—These Posts will be so far removd from the Enemy as to be secure against any sudden Attack of the Enemy, and will enable them with Safety to send off most of their Horses and Cattle. The Guards for preserving the Passage by Kings Ferry to Southern from the Eastern States may be furnishd from Fish-kill; and the Intermediate Guards necessary from Danbury and the Clove.

          The Post at Danbury may furnish Guards on the Sea Coasts to prevent Incursions of small Parties of the Enemy to desolate their Towns or pillage their Property. and althoˆ no Protection can be aforded the Towns on the Sea Coast sufficient to prevent their Destruction by a large Detachment of the Enemy: yet a Protection from the Incursions of Small Parties will be a great Releif to the Inhabitants; and a Body of Troop Stationd near the Coasts may probably prevent the Enemy from making those Attempts which otherwise would be made.
          But A Reason which has great weight in my Mind is the great Dissatisfaction which will be given the Country if this Measure is not pursued. I cannot omit again expressing to your Excellency My Fears that the Present Temper of the Country, the Discontent and increasing Uneasiness of the Army, the depreciated State of our Currency and other Causes not necessary to enumerate aford the Enemy a fair Opportunity yet to plunge Us into inestricable Ruine and Destruction. If these Fears are justly grounded, great Attention ought to be paid to the Inclinations & wishes of the Inhabitants of the States as one mode of preventing those Consequences which may follow from the present State of the Country.
          This Disposition is sufficiently numerous in every part to keep up regular Discipline, and in Case of an Attack may soon be supported: And will serve as a Nucleus to which the Militia will gather and with whom they will be able to make an effectual Opposition to any Detatchments the Enemy can send out. I am with Esteem yr Excellencys obedt Serv.

            Saml H. Parsons


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Charles Scott, 17 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Scott, Charles

            Sir
            Head Quarters [Fredericksburg] 17th October 1778.

          You will give orders to your Commissary to supply such small parties of Militia with provision as Genl Morris may judge necessary for the protection of the Farmers whose Situation renders them liable to be interrupted in their farming business—and you will as far as circumstances will allow second the Militia in this duty—by disposing your patroles as much as is in your power for the Security of the Country people. I am &c.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Charles Scott, 17 October 1778
From: Scott, Charles
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Near Bedford [N.Y.] October 17th 1778

          Your Excellencys favour of Yesterdays date came to hand last night. previous to which I had in Some Measure Lost confidence in Capt. Leavenworth being fearfull he had turnd his thaughts more to his own intrest than the publick good[.] Immedeatly upon my having Some Reason to Suspect Such a thing I lost no time in Procuring Other persons for that Service—three of whom Set out Yesterday upon Different Routs & unknown to each other. they are all officers who have Connections among the enemy of good Charictor. I have the highest ixpectations from them. I have exclusive of these one other person strongly recommended by Genl Morrice. he has been gon on that duty Several days and I hourly expect to see Him. I have wrote Capt. Leavenworth in Premtory Terms to confine himself to his duty and not Risk the Displeasure of his Country for the paltry consideration of a horse thief with a fiew hard dollars in His Packit. Majr Johnson

            will hand Your excellency this who finding no provision made for him in the Armey is (with Your Excellencys permission) about to Leave the Service. he has never had a Commission and therfore wishes to have a Certificate of his Services from Your Excellency, as it may be of great service to him. Be assurd Sir that every thing possable Shall be don to git the earliest intelligence of the enemys Movements. I am Your Excellencys Obt Servant

            Chs Scott


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Charles Scott, 17 October 1778
From: Scott, Charles
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Near Bedford [N.Y.] Satterday evening 7 oClock17th October 1778

          I this moment Recd a letter from Capt. Leavenworth the persons he mentions who he gits his intellegence from are Strangers to me and therfore dont know how fare It may be credited. for Your Excellencys better information I have inclosd his letter. Majr Talmage Recommends a person very strongly to me who will Be very proper to Station in the City. I have Sent this Day for him and hope to Set him off tomorrow.
          Your Excellency will see by Leavensworths letter that the person whom I long since expected was in York is not Yet gon a most perplexing circumstance. these long Delays Respecting intelligence I am fearfull Your Excellency will think is owing to my inattention but be assurd that I am equilly Distressed with Your self about It and that every thing possable has & shall be don to obtain it from the Best Authority. I am Your Excellencys Obt Servant

            Chs Scott


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Smallwood, 17 October 1778
From: Smallwood, William
To: Washington, George

            Fredericksburgh Octobr 17th 1778

          Two of the Questions stated yesterday by your Excellency to the Council respecting Detatchments being sent towards Boston, & against the Indians & disaffected on the Frontiers of this State, being determined, require no farther Observations or Reply.
          The Uncertainty of the Enemys Views—their Strength, & superior Advantages to effect Speedy Operations—The present State of, and the disciplining our Army—the Probability indeed the certainty of its Diminution by the Drafts going Home, Unite to shew the Expediency of our Force remaining in a collected State during the Winter, or at least till the Intentions of the Enemy can be more clearly demonstrated—For which Purpose I shoud judge it most eligible, to build Hutts immediately, in such a Position as might be most favorable for the Reception of Supplies of Provision and Forage—to support our Important Posts—cover the Country—& Shelter & ease the Troops—My being a Stranger to the Country, & unacquainted with the Resources in the Commissary’s and Forage Departments &c., disqualify me to point out such a Position—but from my Present Ideas, I woud recommend a Position in the Highlands, adjacent to West Point, & the landgs at Fish Kills & Kings Ferry, as most eligible for these Purposes—Many more Reasons might be urged, but the above may suffice against distributing the Army into distant Cantonments.
          At this Advanced Season and from other Circumstances, I think the French Fleet at Boston is secure, and that no Danger can be apprehended from that Quarter, as Succour can be thrown in before the Enemy can possibly effect a Capital Stroke. I have the Honor to be with Sincere Regard Yr Excellys most Obedt Sert

            W. Smallwood

            N.B. No more Paper being to be procured at my Quarters your Excelly will excuse the want of it & bad Materials.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Stirling, 17 October 1778
From: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            Elizabeth Town [N.J.] October 17: 1778 5 oClo’ p.m.

          I have Just received your Excellency’s letter of the 14th. the important Questions it Suggests well deserve full Consideration and I must beg leave to take twenty four hours Consideration before I answer it. this is the more Necessary as in that time we shall be better able to Judge of the Intentions of the Enemy; I sent your Excellency yesterday evening the Intelligence I had from Capt. Clun, which was full and in many particulars New all showing that their Manuevers were brought nearly to a Crisis. I have this Afternoon received a regular Report from Capt. Hopkins of Col. Moylans Regiment whom I placed at Amboy to keep a look out there. he says “October 16th About twelve Ships fell down to the Hook; Octor 17th—Early in the Morning about One hundred Ships of War and Transports fell down to the hook.” these are exclusive of Sloops Schooners and all the Smaller Sort which he left out of his Account. their Station at the hook is not a Safe one for such a fleet at this Season and therefore I belive they will take their departure soon, (Signal Guns have been fireing almost all day in New york Bay.) I belive more are preparing to follow. I am your Excellency’s Most Humble Servant

            Stirling,


Title: From George Washington to Captain Josiah Stoddard, 17 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Stoddard, Josiah

            Sir—
            Head Quarters [Fredericksburg] 17th Otbr 1778

          I received your letter of the 15th Inst. respecting a reprieve for Elisha Smith a deserter from your company. It is far from my inclination to encrease the number of unfortunate sufferers, or to sign a warrant which does not appear indispensibly necessary for the preservation and safety of the army. Smith has been represented to me as an object worthy of punishment—and as a proper example to prevent the commission of crimes of a like nature. Indeed—I should have been glad of a justifiable foundation of pardon to have obliged you in this instance, I am Sir &c.

            G. W——n


Title: From George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 17 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

            Dear Sir
            Head Quarters Fredericksburg 17th October 1778

          I have recd your favs. of the 6th and 11th instants.
          The enemy have withdrawn themselves from Jersey and are now employed in making a very considerable embarkation. It is said to consist of ten British Regiments compleated to their full complement by the incorporation of the Regts they will have their Grenadier and Light Companies added to them and will therefore amount to between five and six thousand Men. Some accounts make the intended embarkation amount to five and some to seven Brigades. It is the currt report that they are destined for the West Indies, and I am of that opinion myself; but to be prepared, should their views be upon Boston, I shall immediately order a detachment to move slowly Eastward, as far as Connecticut River. I expect your next will inform me what appears to be the intention of sending the transports lately to New port. I am &c.

          p.s. Yours of the 14th is just come to hand. Sir Henry Clinton was kind enough to forward me the offers of Grace and pardon some days ago. I made no scruple of communicating the Contents to the Officers of the Army, as I was sure they could have no ill effects at this time of day. I will not pretend to direct the line of conduct to be pursued by the Civil powers.
          Be pleased to signify to Lt Colo. Smith that the Resignation of Lt Jeremiah Reed of the Regt under his commd is accepted from the 26th Sepr 1778 and that of Capt. Joshua Orne from the 1st October 1778. Their discharges are to be indorsed upon their Commissions, provided they have settled their Accounts with the public & Regt.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Philip Van Cortlandt, 17 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Van Cortlandt, Philip

            Sir
            Head Quarters [Fredericksburg] 17th October 1778

          As your Regiment is to be employed in an expedition against Anaquaga—you are immediately to give the necessary orders—to the Officer next in command, for proceeding with your Regiment to Poughkeepsie—by water—and apply to Col. Hay the Q. M. who will provide boats for the purpose—in the mean time dispatch a careful officer to Head Quarters with an accurate Return of your whole Regiment exclusive of drafts—in conformity to which he will receive an order for the proper number of Regimental Suits and other articles of Equipment—with which he will meet the Regiment at Poughkeepsie.
          As soon as your Regiment is put in motion you will repair in person to that place in order to consult with Gov. Clinton and take his advice relative to the disposition of the troops and other measures to be pursued for accomplishing the end proposed.

            p.s. When the men receive their New Clothing—the Regimental Q.M. is to collect the Old Coats Waistcoats & breeches—to have them packed—marked and put into Store—and <to make an exact> Return of them to Hd Quarters.


Title: From George Washington to the Board of War, 18 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

            Gentlemen
            Head Quarters [Fredericksburg] Octor 18th 1778.

          Major Nicholas has been with me and reported the state of the Cloathing—and also the forwardness in which it is, for coming on. I was sorry to find by his account, that the whole of the shoes will not exceed seven thousand pair. This I thought it my duty to inform the Board of, as the supply will not more than answer the Instant—pressing wants of the Troops, who are actually barefoot. I fear we shall Suffer greatly in this necessary article, unless every possible exertion is used to prevent it. The demands are continual—and too large a quantity cannot be provided. I have the honor to be with great respect Gentn your most Obed. Servt

            Go. Washington

          p.s. Major Nicholas who has returned to the Eastward, informed me the Cloathing was of excellent quality and in very good order—Viz. the Coats, Jackets & Breeches. But from the account of Mister Kemper, one of Mister Mease’s assistants, many of the Blankets—which he has just opened, are so small that four of them joined together, will not exceed the common & necessary size of one. It is reported here that a Ship from Spain has just arrived at Baltimore with a very considerable cargoe, perhaps she may have some Blankets.

            G.W.


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 18 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

            Sir,
            Head Quarters Fredericksburgh Octr 18. 1778

          I received your Excellency’s favour of yesterday in the Evening—Previous to that, I had written you a second letter on the subject of the expedition to Anaquaga; informing you, among other particulars, that Col. Cortlandts regiment was immediately to proceed to Poughkepsie and that the Col. himself would wait upon you to consult you fully on the measures proper to be taken.
          The representation of Mr Hommedieu’s letter shall be further inquired into and every thing done by me, which shall appear, necessary to relieve the oppressed individuals. With every sentiment of respect & regard I am Yr Excellencys most obedt serv.

            Go: Washington