Title: To George Washington from Thomas Paine, 31 January 1779
From: Paine, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia Janry 31st 1779

Hearing that you leave this place tomorrow I beg you to accept a short reason why I have not waited on you.
I have been out no where for near these two months. The part I have taken in an affair that is yet depending, rendered it most prudent in me to absent myself from Company, lest I should be asked questions improper to be answered, or subject myself to Conversation that might have been unpleasant. That there has been foul play somewhere is Clear to every One—and where it lies, will, I believe, soon come out.
Having thus explained myself, I have to add my sincerest wishes for your happiness in every line of life, and to assure you, that as far as my abilities extend I shall never suffer a hint of dishonor, or even a deficiency of respect to you to pass unnoticed.
I have always acted that part, and am confident that your Vertues and Conduct will ever require it from me as a duty as well as render it a pleasure.
I never heard either Col. R. or Col. F. Lee express a Sentiment in your disfavor. I can answer for nothing farther. I likewise take the liberty of mentioning to you that at the time some discontents from the Army and the Country last Winter were doing you great Injustice; I published the fifth No. of the Crisis, in wch I hoped that by bringing your former services in View to shame them out, or at least to convince them, of their Error. I was then at Lancaster, and on my Return to york Town I saw the foreign Committee of which Col. R. H. Lee was chairman had sent off dispatches to France; the Copy was in his hand writing and in these dispatches He enclosed that Pamphlet and spoke of it as “the general Sentiments of America on what the Enemy had so boastingly called their Successes.”
I am very desirous of bidding you farewel—and intend making you a short Visit to day for that purpose, notwithstanding the reasons I have before mention’d. I am with every wish for your happiness your Obt huble Servt
Thos Paine


Title: General Orders, 1 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Monday Feby 1st 1779.
Parole Picardy—C. Signs Pilzow Perano.


Title: To George Washington from John Jay, 1 February 1779
From: Jay, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia 1st Feby 1779

Congress have this day passed an Act, of which the enclosed is a copy, on the Subject of your Excellency’s Letter of the 30th Ult:, whereby they have resolved that You give such directions, as you may think proper, for arranging the Commissary’s and Quarter Master’s Departments to the Westward &c. I have the honor to be Sir with the greatest Respect Your Excellencys most Obedt & very humble Servant
John Jay Presidt


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Anthony Walton White, 1 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: White, Anthony Walton

Sir,
Hd Qrs Philadelphia Feby 1st 79

A quantity of forage having been provided at Baltimore for the reception of a small body of cavalry; You will, on receipt of this, detach two troops of the Regiment under your command to that place, one of which for particular reasons, I desire to be Capt. Hopkin’s—This will contribute to the more easy accommodation and subsistence of the Regiment. I am Sir Your most Obedt. ser.
Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 2 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Tuesday Feby 2nd 1779.
Parole Rothwell—C. Signs Foy—Pekin.

All the non commissioned officers and soldiers quartered upon the inhabitants are immediately to join their respective regiments in camp & none in future to lodge out of it.
A General Court-Martial of the line to sit next friday the 5th instant, 10 ôclock A.M. at the Court Martial room for the trial of all such persons as shall come before it.
Colonel C. Hall is appointed president; Lieutt Colonel Gaskins, Major Mentges, two Captains from Woodfords, two from Muhlenberg’s two from the 1st Pennsylvania and one from each of the other brigades on the ground to attend as members.
The Brigade Majors of the Virginia & Maryland line are furnished with the names of such men belonging to those States who are now in the Hospitals at Albany but are unable to return to camp for want of clothes; The commanding officers of their respective Regiments will send clothing to the Court Martial room next friday ten ôclock for their men agreeable to the lists, where a waggon will be ready to take them in—An officer from the Virginia line to superintend the conveyance of the cloathing and deliver them to the men at Albany and conduct the men to camp—He is to call at the Orderly-Office for instructions.


Title: From George Washington to the Continental Congress Committee of Conference, 2 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Continental Congress Committee of Conference

Gentlemen
Frankford [Pa.] Feby 2d 1779

I did not hear till after I had set out, that some fresh difficulties had occurred in fixing a System for the Ordnance department. I understand that it is now proposed that the Surveyor (agreed to be establishd by the Committee) shall be a Civil Officer, this is totally repugnant to my Ideas, and defeats one great end I had in view by the institution of such an Officer, which is, to bring the principal Officers of Artillery, by Rotation, perfectly acquainted with all the duties of the Ordnance department, that they may be judges of the due execution of the several parts and better qualified for a general direction when it may fall to their lot by succession, or otherwise, to command.
I could go more fully into the matter if time and opportunity would permit: But tho’ these do not serve, I could not forbear giving this further testimony of my continuing in the same sentiments on the subject, with those which I delivered the other day, and in which I was happy in beleiving that the Committee unanimously concurred. I have the honor to be with great Respect Gent: Your most obt Servt
Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 3 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Wednesday Feby 3rd 1779.
Parole Gibralter—C. Signs Oman—Humber.


Title: To George Washington from James Bowdoin, 3 February 1779
From: Bowdoin, James
To: Washington, George

Sir
Boston Feby 3. 1779

It is a happy circumstance for my Friend Robt Temple Esqr. that he will meet with your Excy at Phila. to which place he is now going for the purpose of Settling his Account against the United States. He thinks yr Excy well acquainted with the benefit derived to the American Army from the Wood &c. with which they were Supplied from his Farm at Charlestown and the great damage he Sustained in Consequence of it while the army were encamped in that neighbourhood. He begs leave to hope for your Support, So far as you Shall find his demand just and well vouched.

Your Excy will have the goodness to pardon this repeated trouble, and to believe me to be with every Sentiment of Esteem Yr Excys most obt hbe Servt
J.B.


Title: To George Washington from John Jay, 3 February 1779
From: Jay, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia 3d Feby 1779

Your Excellency will herewith receive a Copy of an Act of Congress of the 2nd Inst: on the Subject of Aid to the States of Georgia & South-Carolina. I have the Honor to be with the greatest Respect & Esteem Your Excellency’s Most Obedt Servant
John Jay Presidt


Title: General Orders, 4 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Thursday Feby 4th 79.
Parole Newcastle—C. Signs Ilmen—Maro.

The Brigade Majors are reminded of the standing General Order to bring in their general returns, punctually, every saturday at Orderly time.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philip Schuyler, 4 February 1779
From: Schuyler, Philip
To: Washington, George

[Saratoga, N.Y., 4 Feb. 1779]
Extract of a letter from Genl Schuyler dated Saratoga Feby 4th 1779.
“I propose that three thousand men should be employed on this service to act in two bodies—That the whole rendezvous at Albany—That eighteen hundred should move from thence by Fort Schuyler and take post at Oswego and either erect a strong picket or repair the old Fort to cover two hundred men and the stores—That the remaining twelve hundred should move from Albany, so as to reach Fort Schuyler about the time the others reach Oswego—That those on their arrival at Fort Schuyler should cause the Batteaux’s to be carried into Wood Creek, as if to follow the others—That on a day fixed both parties should move, those from Oswego in boats to a place, I think called Iorondequat, which is on the South bank of Ontario, about thirty six miles from one of the capital Seneca Villages—At this place a picket should be erected to cover the boats and provisions, and two hundred men left to defend it, the remainder to march against the Senecas. As soon as this body lands at Iorondequat the Indians will probably collect their whole strength to attack it on the March, & their Villages be left with only their old men, Women and children—The party from Fort Schuyler should move with ten days provision and march with all the celerity possible to surprise the Onondaga and Cayuga Villages, and then proceed to meet the party from Oswego in the Seneca Country & the more effectually to enable them to do this provisions should go in batteaux’s to Cayuga as soon as the party is moved from Fort Schuyler, and still more to distract the enemy & compleat the main object, I could wish that five hundred men should penetrate from Wyoming to cut off chemung, and to keep the Delawares & Mingoes in that quarter in alarm. Should we be so fortunate as to take a considerable number of the women and children of the Indians I conceive that we should then have the means of preventing them hereafter from acting hostily against us.”


Title: General Orders, 5 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Friday Feby 5th 1779.
Parole Jerusalem—C. Signs Lima. Kur.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 5 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 5th Feby 1779

I have your favr of the 5th and 30th ulto. In one of my late letters I desired that you might take such Steps with the mutineers of Genl Huntingtons Brigade, as you, upon consultation with the principal Officers, should judge most proper.
I am pleased to hear of the success of the two Whale Boats against the victualling transport. such strokes are beneficial to us, and at this time highly distressing to the Enemy.
Be pleased to take the first opportunity of forwarding the inclosed letters to Major Talmadge, and Capt. Stoddard, particularly to the latter, as it is of immediate consequence to him. I am Dear Sir yrs &.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Anthony Walton White, 5 February 1779
From: White, Anthony Walton
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Lt. Col. Anthony Walton White, 5 Feb. 1779. GW wrote White on 10 Feb.: “I received your letter of the 5th Inst.”


Title: General Orders, 6 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Saturday Feby 6th 1779.
Parole Leyden—C. Signs Kendal. Jago.

The Commander in Chief approves the orders issued by Major General Lord Stirling during his command at this camp and thanks  him for his endeavours to preserve order and discipline and the property of the Farmers in the Vicinity of camp: He doubts not but—the officers of every rank from a just sense of the importance of securing to others, the blessings which they themselves are contending for, will use their utmost vigilance … to maintain these privileges, and prevent abuses as nothing can redound more to their personal honor and the reputation of their respective corps.
The views of Congress founded on the disadvantages which have arisen from the number of Purchasers or Contractors of hide and the absolute propriety of reducing the business of Contracts to a settled system for the sake of regularity in accounts, and equal justice to the troops, make it necessary to suspend the order of the 1st of January so far as it respects the distribution of hides; But the General will thank any officer for informing the Commissary of hides of the names of such persons as are willing to give shoes in exchange for raw hides and the Commissary is hereby ordered to contract for them accordingly and see that they are delivered to the Clothier General or his deputy for the use of the Army.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Edward Hand, 7 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Hand, Edward

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 7th Feby 1779

I have been favd with yours of the 9th 10th and 15th January with their several inclosures, which I have not had an opportunity of answering before.
Count Pulaski’s Legion being ordered by a Resolve of Congress of the 2d instant (Copy of which you have inclosed) to repair to South Carolina, be pleased to direct the Officer commanding the Infantry of the Legion to march immediately by the shortest Route to Lancaster, where he will meet orders for his future destination.
There is a small Corps under the immediate command of Capt. Schott, which formerly belonged to Colo. Armand’s old, and now attached to his new Corps. As they are unhappy in their situation on account of a disagreement in point of Rank, I have thought it best that they shall also march to the Southward with Pulaski’s Legion. You will therefore give Capt. Schott orders to march to Lancaster, where he will also find orders how to proceed.
Count Kokowski arrived in Philadelphia before the proceedings of the Court Martial held upon him. He has I beleive returned, or is about to return to Europe, and consequently you will have no more trouble with him. I fancy had he staid he would not have been able to have made the Man he abused reparation for his damages.
To replace the Corps beforementioned I have directed the Officer commanding the German Battalion now at Easton, to hold himself ready to obey your orders for marching. You will therefore order that Battalion to join you, except you think they may remain where they are till the approach of the Season for action, as they are more easily subsisted in their present quarters, than they will be at Minisink.
Although all thoughts of an Indian expedition are laid aside for the Winter, I do not kno⟨w⟩—but we may be induced to prosecute one in the Spring, should circumstances demand it, and th⟨e⟩ situation of Affairs on the Sea Coast admit of ⟨it.⟩ I would therefore have you be making every possib⟨le⟩ enquiry in the Course of this Winter, of those who are best informed, of the different Routes leading to the Country of the Six Nations by Land and Water—having particular regard to the distances—face of the Country and kind of navigation.
Colo. Butler need not at present be making any preparations at Wyoming. Should any operatio⟨ns⟩ be determined upon which are to be carried on by t⟨he⟩ Waters of the Susquehannah, perhaps building the necessary Boats lower down may be more proper, as it would not awaken the suspicions of the Enemy, and they can easily be carried up to any part of the River where they may be wanted.
I would not wish you to intrust any person with the true reason of making inquiry concerning the Routes to the Indian Country. Let it seem as if intended to satisfy your own curiosity. Be pleased to mark down the different accounts you receive and transmit them to me when you think they are sufficiently full—noting the names of the persons from whom you receive your information.
Upon a supposition that an Expedition will be carried into the Indian Country from Susquehannah, I should be glad to be informed where you think would be the most proper place to establish a Magazine for the supply of the troops destined for that service, having particular regard to the safety of the position. After having satisfied yourself as to the most probable Route, it will be well to have some place reconnoitered upon that Route to which we may advance a post for the security of the main Body, while they are assembling and preparing for their march.
Inclosed you have the General Orders of yesterday for the reinlistment of all men in the Continental Army who are only engaged for a limited time. Be pleased to have them published to the Troops under your command, and if the commanding Officers of Corps find any of their Men willing to accept of the terms, let them specify the number and send down an Officer for recruiting money. I am Sir Your most obt Servt
Go: Washington
P.S. Since writing the above I have determined that Capt. Schotts Corps shall remain where they are, as I find they occupy a small detached post.


Title: From George Washington to Patrick Henry, 7 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Henry, Patrick

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 7th Feby 1779

I had the honor of receiving yours of the 9th ulto while at Philada from whence I returned two days ago. I have not yet had an opportunity of consulting the officers of the Virginia line upon the most proper and agreeable mode of carrying the Act of the State, intended for their benefit and that of the troops, into execution; but I myself am at present of opinion that the Six Months pay allotted to the privates had better be laid out in some kind of necessaries or applied to the use of their families than paid into their own hands—I will however inform you the moment I obtain their opinions, and at the same time make you the Return of those intitled to the State Bounty.
I will take care to appoint either a General or Feild Officer to superintend the recruiting service in Virginia, but it will not be in my power to give him authority to liquidate or settle any old accounts between the State and Continent. I have the honor to be with the greatest Respect Yr Excellency’s most obt Servt.


Title: General Orders, 8 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Monday Feby 8th 1779.
Parole Olympus.C. Signs Goree. Pembroke.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Duportail, 8 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Duportail, Antoine-Jean-Louis Le Bègue de Presle

Sir
Head Quarters [Middlebrook] 8th Feby 1779.

Congress has by an act of the 2d inst. directed me to order an Engineer to proceed to south Carolina for the service of the southern Department—if I shd judge it necessary.
As I think the presence of a skilful Engineer indispensible in that Country I am to desire that you will detach one of the Corps—with directions to repair to Charles Town and take the orders of Major General Lincoln or the Officer commanding in that Department—The choice of the person I leave to yourself and have only to add that from the importance of the service he cannot be too expeditious in his journey. I am sir &c.


Title: To George Washington from Benjamin Harrison, 8 February 1779
From: Harrison, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Benjamin Harrison, 8 Feb. 1779. GW wrote Harrison on 5–7 May: “Your favor of the 8th of Feby arrivd safe by Colo. Mead abt the 10th of Apl” (DLC:GW).


Title: To George Washington from John Jay, 8 February 1779
From: Jay, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia 8th Feby 1779

I am directed to transmit to Your Excellency the enclosed Copies of two Letters—One from Major Genl Schuyler to Congress—the other from Mr James Deane to him—The State of Delaware has acceded to the Confederation. I have the Honor to be with the greatest Respect & Esteem Your Excellency’s most Obedt & Hbl. Servt
John Jay President


Title: To George Washington from Major General Johann Kalb, 8 February 1779
From: Kalb, Johann
To: Washington, George

To His Excellency General Washington
Camp Middle Brookfebr. 8th 1779

The Works which I had the honor to mention to your Excellency, to be erected or repaired, for the Security and defense of the left Wing of your army, in this Camp, are.
1st At or near the Top of the mountain at the Place called Lincoln’s Gap. a Strong Redoubt with Some pieces (four or thereabout) of Canon, to Command the wooden Bridge on Bound Brook & the Roads Leading along the Top of the mountain, behind the Camp as far as Wayne’s Gap; with a Guardhouse therein, for a sufficient number of Troops, to Stop the Enemies, & give time to our army to draw up in Such a Position as may be thought proper.
2dly A Parapet to be constructed below the mountain for about  Men, nearer the Bridge to defend the Same with Small arms.
3dly the Fording places, below & above Said Bridge, could be obstructed with either Ditches, abbatis or Chevaux defrize, only on the right or on both Banks of the Creek, to Secure the Passages.
A Small Piket Guard to be constantly posted at the Redoubt, to keep at least three Sentries, viz. One over the artillery & Works thereunto belonging; one at the Works of the Parapet, and another at the Bridge. This last Sentry might also prevent the Soldiers Stragling out of Camp Especially if the Fording places were rendered impassable, & the Loggs here & there on the Creek taken off.
Said Piket Guard to be reinforced as necessity will require, at the Shortest notice of the Enemy’s movements.
4thly To repair an old Batterie at Boundbrook very judiciously laid out for four pieces, commanding both, the Bridge on Rariton River and the Stone Bridges upon the Creek.
5thly To have a kind of Gate in the form of chevaux de frize on the nearest Stone Bridge. Rariton Bridge not wanting any, because it may be broken off in the middle for any length.
The Engineer Capt. dela Roch fontaine being aquainted with the Ground, might Superintend these Works.
This my opinion I humbly Submit to Your Excellency’s consideration.
The Baron de Kalb


Title: From George Washington to Major General Benjamin Lincoln, 8 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Lincoln, Benjamin

Dear Sir
Head Quarters [Middlebrook] 8th Feby 1779.

Congress having directed me to order an Engineer for the service of the Southern Department—Lt Colonel L’Aumoy is in consequence of General Du portails recommendation detached on that duty—he is instructed to proceed with all possible expedition to South Carolina, there to take your orders—and his Conduct while he has been attached to this Army, leaves me no room to doubt that he will give satisfaction. I am with great regard and esteem Dear Sir Your most obedt Servt
Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Maxwell, 8 February 1779
From: Maxwell, William
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Brig. Gen. William Maxwell, 8 Feb. 1779. GW wrote Maxwell on 9 Feb. that he was writing: “In answer to your letter of yesterdays date.”


Title: From George Washington to George Measam, 8 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Measam, George

Sir
Head Quarters [Middlebrook] 8th Feby 1779

I desire that immediately on receipt of this letter you will make a minute and accurate account of all the Clothing in your Store—and transmit it to Head Quarters without a moments delay. I am Sir Your humble servt.
P.S. You will likewise add a State of such issues as may have been made in consequence of powers given to Genls Putnam & McDougall to draw from your Store.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 8 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

D. Sir
Head Qrs Middlebrook 8 Feby 1779.

Colonel Udney Hay, communicated to me, a proposal of Mr Weeks a D.W. General a late inhabitant of Long Island of considerable property, and the person who will deliver you this letter. Mr Weeks represents that there are several saw mills, on Long Island, very valuable to the enemy, and easy of access to a small party; and that he is willing to conduct a party for the purpose of destroying them.
Should you find upon a proper enquiry; from the situation of the mills; the disposition of the enemy’s force on the Island; and the distance of the mills from this force; that there is a strong certainty of succeeding in such an attempt with a small party, I hav⟨e⟩ no objection to your puting it into execution⟨.⟩ In case you adopt the scheme, you will take such measures as may seem best calculated to ensure the destruction of the mills and the safe return of the party. I am Sir &c.


Title: General Orders, 9 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Tuesday Feby 9th 1779
Parole Felkirk—C. Signs Quedal. Elna.

Complaints having been made that the regimental Pay-Masters have in many instances made it a practice when paying their regiments to get officers to write receipts without obliging the persons receiving the money to sign them, or to make their marks thereto—This practice cannot be allowed of as a Voucher sufficient to discharge the Pay-Masters on a settlement of their accounts—The Pay-Masters are therefore forbid to take any such receipts at their own peril in future; and those Pay-Masters who have taken receipts without signature are directed to produce receipts with each man’s signature, or in case of the soldiers not being able to write, with his mark, attested by some Commissioned Officer.

The old and new Field Officers of the day are to attend regularly at parade hours at the New-Orderly-Room.


Title: To George Washington from General Henry Clinton, 9 February 1779
From: Clinton, Henry
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Head Quarters New York February 9th 1779.

Being desirous of forwarding the Clothing, Stores &c., belonging to the Troops of the Convention, and also a Cargo of Wine and other Refreshments for their Comfort, to Charlotteville in Virginia, I am to request you will be so obliging to send me the necessary Passports for the Ships mentioned in the Margin to proceed to Richmond on James River, for that purpose.
And as I wish at the same time to send some Clothing and other Necessaries, and One Hundred & Fifty Guineas in Specie, to Fort Frederick and Winchester, for the Use of the British Prisoners at those places, I am likewise to request a Passport for the Schooner Argyle, Magnus Crosbie Master, to proceed to Baltimore Town in Maryland with the said Articles. I have the honor to be With due Respect your Excellency’s Most obedient Servant
H. Clinton
P.S. Permit me to desire the favor of your forwarding the enclosed Letter to Major General Phillips.


Title: To George Washington from Captain William Galvan, 9 February 1779
From: Galvan, William
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Capt. William Galvan, 9 Feb. 1779. GW wrote Galvan on 11 March: “While I was in Philadelphia, I received your letter accompanying a ‘scheme of instruction’ which you propose for the American infantry—I have since received your other letter of the 9th of last month on the same subject.”


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Maxwell, 9 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Maxwell, William

sir.
Head Quarters [Middlebrook] 9th Feby 1779

In answer to your letter of yesterdays date—I have to inform you that no blankets can be issued, until I have obtained an exact return of the quantity in Store—and the deficiences of the Troops on the other side of Hudsons River—As soon as these points are ascertained in order to an equal and general distribution—no time will be lost in furnishing the quotas to the Troops—I am Sir &.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Alexander McDougall, 9 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

Dear Sir,
Head Quarters Middle Brook Feby 9 1779

In my letter of the 29th Ulto I briefly acknowleged the receipt of your favours of the 10th of december 11th and 19th of Jany and promised you a particular answer to their contents so soon as I should be disengaged from the variety of pressing business in which I was, at that time, immersed. I returned to Camp, three days since, and embrace the earliest opportunity of resuming your letters; though from a multiplicity of business incident to my arrival, I shall not have it in my power to be as full and as minute as I could wish—I shall however endeavour to comprehend the most important parts; and shall include your subsequent letters of the 25th of Jany and 4th instant.
I persuade myself, my dear Sir, you need no assurances of my perfect confidence and esteem. The occasions are too numerous and unequivocal in which it has been testified to make the assistance of words necessary to your conviction. So far as I have been concerned in the disposition; if you have not always been employed in the manner most agreeable to yourself—you have at least been employed; as far as circumstances would permit, where the nature of the service in my judgment made the talents and qualifications of a good officer, requisite. My opinion of your merit has had a principal share in regulating my choice of the stations you have been appointed to fill. I sincerely regret the instances you enumerate, in which you have found your feelings wounded from another quarter; but you will remember, my dear Sir, that we are young in the business in which we are engaged; and that more of our errors proceed from inexperience and inadvertency, than from an inclination to do wrong.

With respect to the nature of your present command, you will recollect, that by the last arrangement of Congress, it was comprehended in the Northern department, and cannot therefore be considered as separate—The peculiar situation of the different commands on the East side of the North River will more especially preclude the idea, at this time—You intimate a desire to know, whether you will continue where you are, ’till the opening of the next campaign. As far as I am able to judge of the matter, I should answer in the affirmative; but what changes Congress may hereafter think proper to make, or the exigencies of military service may require, it is not in my power to foresee.
The distresses of the posts under your command for the articles of flour and forage are truly embarrassing—They are the more deplorable, as similar ones are felt in every other part—This camp has been, not long since, reduced to an alarming extremity for the want of forage—The truth is, there is a real scarcity of the two articles—The country is in a great degree exhausted, and our money is of so little value, that it affords hardly any temptation to the farmers to furnish what they have. I have however conversed with the Commissary General on the subject of flour, and he thinks, there will be no danger of your suffering materially on that account, if the situation of the roads will permit transportation. He intends in a few days to pay you a visit, and assures me he will do every thing in his power to prevent a deficiency in his department. On your part I am convinced no exertions will be omitted to remedy the inconveniences, under which you labour; and the measures you have already taken appear to be well calculated for the purpose.
Danbury and its dependencies derive their supplies East of Hudson’s River.
I wish our prospect with respect to Cannon was better than it is—An early application was made for the Sommersets’ cannon but it was refused. The state of Massachusettes reserves it to fortify the harbour of Boston—An estimate was made some time since, by General Du Portail at my desire, and transmitted to Congress of the quantity and sizes of cannon necessary for the Highland posts; but I have as yet received no satisfactory information of a supply. I directed General Knox in some arrangements he has been lately making with Congress relative to the Ordnance department, to make this a particular object of his attention. I shall also direct him to furnish you with the mortars you mention, in addition to those already at the post. The cannon wanted for Kings ferry must for the present be taken from West Point: The addition of two small bomb batteries to those works will be an useful expedient.

When you have completed your intended survey of the works at West point, I shall be obliged to you for communicating the result as you propose. From the manner in which you speak of employing Mr Gouvion in this business, I am in doubt whether Col: Koshiosko still remains at West Point, or not. As he has not been removed by my order or permission, I should imagine he is still there. If he is, he will inform you of the plan agreed upon between General Du Portail and myself, which he was instructed in the first place to carry into execution, afterwards to receive such additions and improvements, as might be found necessary to render the plan more perfect—I have spoken to General Du Portail, on your request concerning Col. De la Radiere or Gouvion. Whether the former will be sent or the latter continued will depend on circumstances which are not now decided—But if Koshiosko be still at West Point, as he is a senior officer he must of necessity have the chief direction.
Your observation on the inconvenience of the regimental pay Masters coming to Head Quarters is just—To obviate it, so soon as the military chest receives a supply, which is momently expected—I shall send a person in the Pay Master Generals line to pay off the troops on the other side the river. He will also be authorised to discharge any accounts, which may have arisen for contingent expences at the respective posts.
I mentioned to you in my last that on my arrival at this place, I should send you some hard money—I only wait to forward it by a safe hand. Fifty guineas are all my stock will spare; but as you express a desire to have a larger sum—I shall immediately transmit your application for that purpose to Congress.
I am sorry our stock of cloathing will not admit of a discretionary power being lodged with the officers commanding at detached posts, for supplying the men under their command. The want of system in the cloathing department renders it impossible to make regular distributions to the several posts of the quantity proper for each; and as there is but a very scant and inadequate supply for the whole, if the power of directing issues were placed in a variety of hands, the consequence would be, that particular corps would be completely furnished, while others were left wholly destitute—The want of a general knowlege of our means and of our wants in some and partiality in others would naturally produce this effect. There will indeed occur some cases of necessity which will oblige an officer to exercise the power in question—The instance you mention is of this nature; but whenever it can be avoided, it will be best to do it.
It is the province of the Quarter Master General to provide for the artificers and others of a similar description. I have understood he has done it. That part of your letter which relates to this subject shall be communicated to him, in order that relief may be afforded—The inconvenience of which you complain—of drawing artificers from the posts under your direction for the Northern service—I believe will cease.
In the distribution of blankets to the army, it has been customary to give a proportionable number of the small ones to make them equivalent to the intended number of the common size.
I am very much obliged to you for your sentiments on the proposed Northern operations—Your remarks appear to me to have great weight, and to be well worthy the most attentive consideration.
You hint a suspicion, that some of the Commissaries are concerned in carrying on a traffic for provisions with the enemy. If it were possible to detect any of them, it would be worth all the pains that could be bestowed upon it—I request you will try every expedient in your power to make a thorough discovery.
With respect to calling for returns from the purchasing Commissaries, there can be no doubt of its propriety. An officer otherwise could not know what he had to depend upon; and the concealment would be liable to the abuses you suggest. You will therefore insist upon a compliance. I mentioned the matter to Colonel Wadsworth, who is on all occasions very reasonable, and, I dare say, will rectify the misapprehension of his deputies.
Though the removal of Poor’s brigade to the Highlands would be attended with the advantages you have in view; yet there are objections to it, some of which will occur to you, that prevent my adopting the measure at this particular juncture. With respect to the party from General Putnam’s division, to join the advanced corps from yours, I should not choose to interfere in an arrangement of this nature; but I most ardently wish there could be a perfect co-operation, between you, agreeable to my instructions on this head, as I am convinced the covering the country effectually and the good of the service in every other respect would be promoted by it.
I have directed a troop of horse, which makes a part of Col. Armand’s corps to join you. This will answer the purpose of the party which you desire.
The arrangement of the bay line is not yet completed. A late resolution of Congress directs me to finish the arrangement of the army and takes the business out of the hands of the Committee. I shall endeavour to execute it as speedily as possible. In the mean time, if there are any preparatory measures you can take, which may conduce to dispatch they will be desireable.
I approve of the appointment of Buchanan. With the truest regard and esteem—I am Dear Sir Your most Obedt servt
Go: Washington

P.S. It gives me pleasure to observe your anxiety for prosecuting the works at West Point—It is certain nothing can be more important than effectually to secure the communication of the river against the next campaign. Herewith you will find the copy of a General order founded upon a late resolve of Congress for recruiting the army during the war—A sum of money for the purpose is hourly expected, part of which shall be immediately transmitted to you. I am persuaded you will do every thing in your power to give success to the measure.


Title: From George Washington to Joseph Reed, 9 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Reed, Joseph

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 9th Feby 1779

I have the honor of your Excellency’s favr of the 5th instant inclosing sundry Resolves of the Executive Council respecting the Conduct of Major General Arnold during his command in the City of Philada: previous to the Rect of your letter, General Arnold, who had arrived at Head Quarters the day before, had shewn me a letter from the Council to him accompanied by a Copy of the same Resolves, in which they advise him that a Copy was also laid before Congress—This releived me from some doubts which arose in my mind respecting the line of conduct which the Council might expect me to pursue. For as the matter is before Congress, that Honble Body will no doubt decide upon the measures proper to be taken in the Affair.
I should have replied to yours of the 19h January respecting Colo. Atlees claim to rank before I left Philada had I not understood by a paper which was afterwards put into my hands, that the Delegates of Pennsylvania were instructed by the Council to represent the matter to Congress.
I have a high opinion of Colo: Atlees merit and abilities as an Officer, but I do not see how he can be at this time promoted to the Rank of Brigadier. As the State have only two Brigades in the Feild they of course will only require two Brigadiers. They already have one—General Wayne—supposing General Hand to be out of the question—to supply the place of the other, Colonels Magaw and Irvin being senior officer have both superior pretensions to Colonel Atlee—If in the captivity of Colo. Magaw it is thought necessary to fill the place with another, Colo. Irwin will by right of seniority be the person. I have the honor to be &.


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel William Washington, 9 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Washington, William

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 9th Feby 1779

I have recd yours of the 23d and 30th ulto. If a vacancy should happen in the Regiment I would not have you permit Mr Baylor to succeed to it untill he has cleared up his Character. The Cloathing for the Regiment which Capt. Smith procured at Boston has not yet come on to Camp; when it arrives it shall be forwarded, if the Men should be in absolute want before spring. But if they can make a shift with their old Cloaths while in Winter quarters they will find more benefit from the new next Campaign. I see no prospect at present of any other troops going to south Carolina besides Pulaski’s Legion which is ordered thither. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt.


Title: General Orders, 10 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Wednesday Feby 10th 1779.
Parole Dardanells—C. Signs Ree—Chester.

General Muhlenberg and the Field-Officers of the Virginia line are requested to meet tomorrow morning at 11 ôclock at the Orderly-Office when the Commander in Chief will lay some business before them respecting their line—Complaint having been made that the soldiers have abused the indulgence of Congress contained in their Resolve of  by buying money of the two emissions of May 1777—and April 1778—of persons not belonging to the Army—The Pay-Master General is desired to receive no more of those emissions after the 12th instant; and notice is further given that any one convicted of the practice above-mentioned will be punished with the utmost severity.
To facilitate the collection of the bills at present in possession of the soldiers, they are to deliver them in to the Regimental Pay-Masters, who will have them exchanged by the Pay-Master General.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Erskine, 10 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Erskine, Robert

sir
Head Quarters [Middlebrook] 10th Feby 1779.

As I think you are much exposed in your present situation to the enterprises of Refugees acquainted with the Country—and the work in which you are employed unquestionably makes you an object with the enemy—I desire that as soon as possible after receipt of this letter, you will remove to quarters more safe by the vicinity of the Army—You will of course dismiss your guard, and direct the Serjeant to march it immediately and join Col. Clarke. I am sir Your most obedt servt.
P.S. It will naturally occur to you to remove with you all your Surveys that might be of any use to the enemy.


Title: To George Washington from Peter Scull, 10 February 1779
From: Scull, Peter
To: Washington, George

Sir.
War Office [Philadelphia] 10th February 1779.

In pursuance of the resolve of Congress inclosed, I have the honor to transmit to your Excellency the arrangement of the Army with the papers on which it is founded. Those Corps which are not comple[te]ly arranged, your Excellency will find properly noticed in the inclosed list; and the returns that relate to them are contained in a separate pacquet. I have the honor to be with the highest respect Your Excellency’s most obed. hb. Serv.
P. Scull Secretary


Title: To George Washington from Captain John Stokes, 10 February 1779
From: Stokes, John
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Capt. John Stokes, 10 Feb. 1779. GW wrote Stokes on 11 Feb.: “I have received your letter of yesterdays date inclosing a list of articles seized in the hands of two women from New York.”


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Anthony Walton White, 10 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: White, Anthony Walton

sir
Head Quarters Middlebrook 10th Febry 1779.

I received your letter of the 5th Inst.
It is my wish to avoid every measure, which has the appearance of distressing the farmer, or of forcing from him that forage which may be necessary for his own stock, in all cases, not strictly justified by the urgency of the occasion.
If subsistence for the whole regiment can be procured, thro’ the forage master in the regular mode without distress or coercion, you will continue them where you are. But if irregular measures must be used to procure, either grain or hay, a part must be sent to Baltimore, in order that the burden may be made easy to both places. Should this latter be the case, you will give such instructions to the officer who goes to Baltimore, as you have received for the goverment of the regiment. I am sir your most hble servt
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Woodford, 10-13 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Woodford, William

Dr Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 10th[-13] Feby 1779

The Circumstances and Situation of the Virginia line call loudly for your return to the Army as soon as possible, more especially as General Muhlenberg, the only General Officer of the state now present, has long had a promise of leave to visit his family and private Affairs whenever he could be possibly spared. As the time which you expected to be absent has considerably elapsed, I am not without hopes that you will be here before this reaches Virginia. Should it find you there, I must desire you to set out for the Army immediately upon the rect of it. I am Dear Sir &.
P.S. 13th. Yours of the 3d is come to hand by which I am informed that this will find you still in Virginia. I have only to refer you to the above which will point out the necessity of your return.


Title: General Orders, 11 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Thursday Feby 11th 1779.
Parole Sunderland—C. Signs Bombay—Tirol—

A formal complaint having been lodged with the Commander in Chief against Coll Craige for beating & otherwise ill-treating Caleb Brokaw, an Inhabitant of this State; a Court of Inquiry to examine into the circumstances of the affair will sit on saturday forenoon 10 ôClock at the Court Martial room—The court will consist of Coll Russell as President, Colonels Williams and Butler, Lieutt Colonel Adams and Major Posey Members—They will report a state of facts and their opinion to the Commander in Chief.
Accurate returns of Arms, Accoutrements, Ammunition &c. according to the printed forms which will be deliverd out are to be forthwith made by the commanding officers of regiments to the officers commanding Brigades, who are to have them digested into Brigade returns and transmitted to the Adjutant General. The Officers will advert to the order of the 7th of August last and all Arms, Ammunition &c.—in use at that time or drawn since are to be regularly accounted for.
At a General Court Martial whereof Coll C. Hall was President Feby 6th 1779.
Captain Von Heer, commanding the M.L.D. was tried for, “Exacting without authority money for licencing Sutlers”—The Court are of opinion that Captn Von Heer exacted without authority money for licencing Sutlers, being a breach of Article 5th—section 18th of the rules and articles of war—They are also of opinion that as Captain Von Heer’s conduct might possibly have arisen from a mis-conception of the nature of his office, he shall only be reprimanded in general orders and repay the several sutlers the money he exacted from them.
As the public manner in which Captain Von Heer demanded fees from the sutlers is an argument of his being unconscious that he was committing the most heinous species of extortion, The Commander in Chief acquiesces in the lenient sentence of the Court Martial—He desires that Captain Von Heer will for the future pay stricter attention to his instructions and consider them as the only rule of his conduct which will be approved or condemned only, as he adheres to, or deviates from them.
A course of lectures on Anatomy and the operations of Surgery will commence sometime between the middle & latter end of February instant at or near the camp, so as best to suit the conveniency of those surgeons belonging to the Army who shall attend—A Preliminary lecture will be delivered by Doctor Brown, Physician General to the Middle-Department at the Orderly-Room on tuesday the 16th instant 11 ôclock A.M. on the Theory and Practice of Physic—All regimental surgeons are desired to attend.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Maxwell, 11 February 1779
From: Maxwell, William
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Brig. Gen. William Maxwell, 11 Feb. 1779. GW wrote Maxwell on 13 Feb.: “I received your favor of the 11th Inst.”


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Caleb North, 11 February 1779
From: North, Caleb
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Lt. Col. Caleb North, 11 Feb. 1779. GW wrote North on 12 Feb.: “I have received your letter of yesterdays date respecting the French Snow Mary retaken from the Enemy.”


Title: To George Washington from Richard Peters, 11 February 1779
From: Peters, Richard
To: Washington, George

Sir
War Office [Philadelphia] Feby 11⟨th⟩ 1779

I have the Honour of transmitting you a Copy of a Regulation the Board intend to report to Congress on a Subject which the Letter preceding it will explain. It is sent for your Excellency’s Perusal & Remarks that if you should think proper either to amend it or propose a better Plan the Board being furnished with your Answer may lay it before Congress. It is with Reluctance that the Board knowing your Engagements give you Trouble but as the Regulation concerns the Army there is a Necessity of your Advice being taken & I am to request your Excellency will honour us with your Answer as soon as your Convenience will admitt. I have the Honour to be with the greatest Respect your very obedient Servt
Richard PetersBy Order of the Board


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Smallwood, 11 February 1779
From: Smallwood, William
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Brig. Gen. William Smallwood, 11 Feb. 1779. GW wrote Smallwood on 12 Feb.: “Upon considering the contents of your letter of yesterdays date—it appears to me proper that they shd be communicated to Baron de Kalb.”


Title: From George Washington to Captain John Stokes, 11 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Stokes, John

sir.
Head Quarters [Middlebrook] 11th Feby 1779.

I have received your letter of yesterdays date inclosing a list of articles seized in the hands of two women from New York.
The Licence to pass and repass granted them by the executive Council of Pennsilvania—is not intended to countenance the illicit Commerce in which they have been concerned—Besides a Law of this State subjects such contraband Goods to forfeiture—You will therefore inform yourself what Conduct is prescribed by this Law, to the Captors of such effects—and proceed accordingly. I am Sir &.


Title: To George Washington from Major General John Sullivan, 11 February 1779
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Maj. Gen. John Sullivan, 11 Feb. 1779. GW wrote Sullivan on 22 Feb.: “I have your favr of the 11th instant.”


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Caleb North, 12 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: North, Caleb

Sir
Head Quarters [Middlebrook] 12th Feby 1779

I have received your letter of yesterdays date respecting the French Snow Mary retaken from the Enemy—The Subject of an Ally in these cases is entitled to the equal privileges with a fellow Citizen—And his property recovered in this way is to be preserved and restored—to him or his representatives—a reasonable allowance being made to the Recaptors for Salvage.
The Conduct to be observed by you therefore is to secure whatever you can of the Cargo, Rigging &ca—taking an inventory of the whole—to deposit in a place of safety—such articles as will sustain no injury in store—and cause the perishable Commodities to be disposed of to the best advantage.

Transmit an account of the whole with the name of the Owners &ca that the French Consul at Philadelphia may be notified and take order in the matte⟨r.⟩
Your success in baffling the Enemys Attempt to destroy the Snow justifies the dispositions made for that purpose—and your Conduct claims my thanks—As the nature of the Service you⟨r⟩ detachment is employed in, requires frequent relief—I have directed the Adjutant Genl—to order a party to reli⟨eve⟩ you. I am Sir &c.


Title: From George Washington to Joseph Reed, 12 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Reed, Joseph

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 12th Feby 1779

In my last I omitted to answer that part of your Excellency’s letter of the 5th inst. respecting Capt. Campbells proposal of attempting to bring off our Officers prisoners upon parole on Long Island. Was the measure justifiable, of which I have my doubts, it would in my opinion be impolitic. We could not hope to be compleatly successfull, and strict confinement would certainly be the fate of all those who remained or who may hereafter fall into the enemy’s hands.
I have good reason to suspect that many persons (Women particularly) who obtain leave from the Executive Council to go and come to and from New York under pretence of visiting their Friends, have, in fact, no other Business but that of bringing out Goods to trade with. Some have been detected within a few days and their Goods confiscated, by a law of the State of Jersey, to the Captors. To avoid the disagreeable necessity of seizing the property of individuals, and to put a stop to a Commerce which creates a great deal of uneasiness among the well affected inhabitants, I shall be obliged to you for inquiring well into the circumstances of those who apply for passes, and if their applications appear so well grounded as to obtain them, caution them against bringing out any kind of Goods, as they will most certainly fall into the hands of the Guards posted upon every Road in order to cut off this pernicious communication, which is contrary to Resolve of Congress and positive laws of this State. The property has been only hitherto confiscated, but there will, if the practice is persisted in, be a necessity of inflicting a punishment upon the persons of those who knowingly and so repeatedly violate the Laws.
If, as is urged by some, it is good policy to get Goods out of New York by any means, let the license be general; but in the present situation of things, I cannot, consistent with my feelings and my duty suffer those only to reap the Benefit of a trade, who from their peculiar characters can gain admittance within the Enemy’s Lines. I have the honor to be with great Regard Your Excellency’s Most obt Servt
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Smallwood, 12 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Smallwood, William

sir
Head Quarters [Middlebrook] 12th Feby 1779.

Upon considering the contents of your letter of yesterdays date—it appears to me proper that they shd be communicated to Baron de Kalb.
I give you notice of this in compliance with your request that you may have an opportunity of transmitting him a Copy—I will only remark that there are some general Reflections at the close of the letter which were perhaps better omitted—if you agree with me you will send me a Copy without that addition.
I should be glad to have both done this day. I am &.


Title: General Orders, 13 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Saturday Feby 13th 1779.
Parole Adrianople—C. Signs Alby Aller.

Lieutt Colonel Williams is appointed member of the court of Inquiry vice Colonel Williams.


Title: From George Washington to Patrick Henry, 13 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Henry, Patrick

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 13th February 1779

Agreeable to a stipulation between Sir Henry Clinton and myself I have granted passports for the three following Vessels—the Ship Polly, Reid Master—the Brig Lady Howe—Steady Master and Schooner Genl Phillips, Hare Master, all laden with Cloathing and Stores for the Troops of the Convention at Charlotteville and the British prisoners of War at Fort Frederick, to proceed to Hampton Road in Virginia, and there take your Excellency’s orders for discharging their Cargoes at such place as you shall deem proper, having in view the convenience of transporting the Stores to Charlotteville.
I thought it most prudent to oblige the ships to come to in Hampton Road, and take your directions not knowing into what port it would be most proper to admit them. I have informed Sir Henry Clinton that orders shall if possible meet the Ships at Hampton, that they may not be unnecessarily detained in the Road, be pleased therefore to have them lodged there, should my letter reach you before the ships arrive. I have the honor &c.
P.S. Should these Vessels after discharging their Cargoes return directly to New York, be pleased to grant them passports for that purpose. If they do not return to New York, they should be allowed a protection untill they have cleared our Coasts to a reasonable distance.


Title: From George Washington to Captain George Lewis, 13 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Lewis, George

⟨Dear Geor⟩ge
[Middlebrook, 13 Feb. 1779]

It is with concern & resent⟨men⟩t I find by the return of Colo. ⟨Bay⟩lors Regiment, that you are again ⟨abs⟩ent there from. nay more that you had ⟨left⟩ it while the command devo⟨lved⟩ upon you—I am sorry to add ⟨that⟩ these things reflect much dis⟨credi⟩t upon you as an Officer & involve ⟨me in⟩ the censure, for the natural presumtion ⟨is, that⟩ such endulgencies are the effect of ⟨partial⟩ity proceeding from our connexion.
With truth, I believe, it may ⟨be sa⟩id, that in the course of the last ⟨15 Mo⟩nths you have scarce been one ⟨with⟩ your Regiment, & when order⟨ed⟩ to join it the latter part of last ⟨Sum⟩mer or fall was shamefully tar⟨dy⟩ in obeying the order.
Immediately upon receipt ⟨of⟩ this letter you will, I expect join ⟨you⟩r Regiment & give that constant ⟨att⟩endance on duty which is to be ex⟨pec⟩ted from a good Officer. I am Yr affecte
Go: W.


Title: To George Washington from Captain Titus Watson, 13 February 1779
From: Watson, Titus
To: Washington, George

May it Please Your Exelency
Camp at Redding [Conn.]Febr. 13th 1779

When the Committe set at White planes For settleing the reletive rank of the Captains in the Continent line: Capt. Cleft was ranked before Capt. Troop and my Self when the matter was made Publick Capt. Troop was Dissatisfyed and applyed for A rehearing, which he Obtaind. I myself was Absent at that time on a Genll Cortmartial and Could not be present when the Committee set Capt. Troop was present and his appointment and mine ware the same day and both Commissioned Capt. the Same Day: I Supposed if the Committee Juged that Capt. Troop ought to have Rank of Capt. Cleft they would also arange me before him, as I was not Present the Committee Said nothing about me but gave rank to Capt. Troop, as it appeared on the Second hearing that Capt. Cleft had given in an antedated Commissioned.
Genll Putnum has lately appointed Capt. Cleft A Major I waited on him and informed him of the circumstances and Desired A Cort of inquiry to Examin our pretencies: the Genll tells me it is to late to have the matter Examined as Cleft is appointed A Major: I felt myself inpained and am without remedy—Unless your Exelency would be pleased to appoint or order that a cort of inquiry be Apointed to exammin in to our pretentions anticedent to his being said to be A Major which is all I Desire on the subject. I am with Every Sentiment of Esteem and Respect your Exelencies most Obedient and Humble Servant.


Title: General Orders, 14 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Sunday Feby 14th 1779.
Parole Woodbridge—C. Signs Waldee. Ware.

The court of Inquiry which was to have sat yesterday will sit tomorrow ten ôClock A.M. and as some of the members of the court must necessarily be absent, the following Field Officers are to compose the court, Coll Febiger as President, Colonels Butler and Davies, Lieutt Coll Adams & Majr Posey—Members.


Title: From George Washington to General Henry Clinton, 14 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, Henry

Sir,
Head Quarters Middle Brook February 14th 1779

I am honored with your letter of the 9th instant. You will find inclosed three passports for the ships you mention in the Margin, to proceed to Hampton Road, there to receive further directions from His Excellency the Governor of Virginia—I prefer this mode to that of giving passports immediately for Richmond, as when they are arrived at Hampton, the Governor can regulate their future progress in the manner which will be most convenient to both parties. I have notified him on the subject, that he may be prepared to meet the vessels with the necessary directions to avoid delay.
I have not added the passport for the vessel to proceed to Baltimore, as the supplies for the prisoners at Fort Frederick and Winchester can be conveyed to them in the ships, that go to Hampton and being addressed to the care of Major General Phillips, can be transported to those places by way of Charlotteville. I have the honor to be with due respect Your Excellency’s Most Obedt servant
Go: Washington
P.S. I shall do myself the pleasure of forwarding your letter to Major General Phillips. Governor Henry will furnish passports for the return of the Vessels.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General James Clinton, 14 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, James

Dr Sir
Head Quarters Middlebrook 14th Feby 1779.

I received your letter of the 28th Ultimo with its inclosure containing the final determination of the friendly Indians.
The order for your amunition has been sent forward from Philadelphia under cover to yourself; and I would suppose it come to hand before this time.
The general orders of the 7th 9th and 12th Inst. which accompany this, will point out the steps which are to be taken for reinlisting the soldiers for the war; and for removing disorders in the pay masters regimental accounts.
If the money which Mr Ried has on hand, should be insufficient to the present expences of the department, and the purpose of reinlisting he will draw for more. But The inlisting service should not be checked on any consideration. I am &.
G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 14 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 14th Feby 1779

I have been favd with yours of the 27th Decemr and of the 15th and 26th January. That of the 15th did not reach me untill the 12th instant. I was at Philada when yours of the 27th December came to hand, and I reported to Congress the answer of the Council of Massachusetts respecting the Guns of the Somerset.
I was sometime ago informed by Genl Bayley that he thought the Magazine at Coos was rather exposed, and therefore as soon as I found that there was no probability of an expeditions being carried into Canada by that Route, I desired the Commy General to send orders to have the Stores removed down the Country. Since the Rect of your last I called upon him to know whether the orders for removal had been given. He informs me that he sent up an Express for that particular purpose.
The inclosed Copy of an order from the Board of War to the Commy General of Issues designates exactly the line to be observed towards delivering Rations to Soldiers on Furlough. Nothing is said respecting Officers, but I imagine it is not customary for them when indulged with Furloughs, which are supposed to be for their private emolument or amusement, to draw Rations at the posts at which they may happen to reside. If they are sent upon command they are allowed three dollars per day, by Resolve of Congress, in addition to their pay and subsistance to bear their expences. While they remain in town executing the object of the command on which they are sent, it will perhaps be reasonable to allow them Forage, because the three dollars will not more than support themselves. But before the allowance is made, it should appear clearly, agreeably to the Resolve of Congress, that they are sent by the commanding Officer of the district or department to which they belong, and not upon frivolous pretences of Business by inferior Officers.
I will immediately desire the Commy General of prisoners to inquire into the circumstances of those who remain in the neighbourhood of Rutland &ca and endeavour [to have them removed] to a place where they may be subsisted with more ease.
If I am not mistaken, the Commy General of purchases has orders to endeavour to establish a Magazine of Flour to the Eastward. The propriety is evident, but you are well acquainted with the almost unsurmountable difficulty of doing it by land Carriage, and of the risque and danger of attempting it by Sea. I have the honor to be with Respect & Esteem Sir Your most obt Servt
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major Generals Alexander McDougall and Israel Putnam, 14 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel,McDougall, Alexander

Dr Sir,
Head Quarters Middlebrook Feby 14th 1779

Mr Burrall an Assistant Pay Master General sets out this morning with 400,000 Dollars for the use of the posts under the respective commands of General Putnam and yourself. The inclosed copy of his instructions will shew you in what manner it is to be applied. You will perceive that 100,000 Dollars is to be appropriated as bounty money for reinlisting the troops under your command during the war, agreeable to a General Order of the 7th Instant, which was transmitted to you some days since. The particular distribution of this to the several Regiments is to be regulated by your order to the Pay Master. The rule observed here and which I would recommend to you, is to issue small sums from time to time according to the progress made by each Regiment in recruiting; for which purpose, returns are made by the Commanding Officers as often as they apply for money, to show how many men they have engaged since the last grant—Inclosed is a subsequent Order of the 12th which you will also be pleased to communicate to the troops. You will readily perceive it’s intention. You are so well convinced of the necessity of care and œconomy that I need say nothing on that head. I am Dr Sir With the greatest esteem & regard Your Most Obedt Servt
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 14 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 14 Feby 1779

While I was at Philada I recd a letter from you inclosing sundry papers taken in a prize, which I laid before Congress for their information. Your letter was mislaid by their Secretary, and I cannot therefore recollect whether there was any thing more in it than what respected the papers it inclosed.
I have since been favd with yours of the 14th ulto: If Jacksons Band consists only of three performers it will be of no use here, and was Webbs to be ordered it would create as much uneasiness as the sending for Jacksons did.
Inclosed you have Extracts from the General orders of the 7th and 12th instants directing the reinlisting for the War all Men in the Continental Army who are at present engaged for a limited time. You will be pleased to let the commanding Officers of Regiments be furnished with money in proportion to their Wants and endeavour to prevent any impositions on the public by suffering new Bounties to be paid to any who are already engaged for the War.
I am exceedingly sorry to find by a letter from General Varnum of the 29th Ulto That a spirit of Mutiny has made its appearance among the troops under your command. I am convinced this does not originate with the common Soldiers and therefore I would wish that every possible endeavour should be made use of to trace the evil to the fountain head, that the Agitators may, if discovered, be made examples. Genl Varnum informs me that he quelled the Rioters by fair Words before they had proceeded to any great lengths. This may have been prudent in the first instance, but I beg you may keep a very strict watch upon their future conduct, and if you find the least appearance of another attempt of the same kind, punish those who are the movers instantly and severely. The depreciation of our Currency and the advance of necessaries are made the ostensible reasons for these disturbances. These are evils which are felt by all, but by none less than the common soldier who is intirely fed and cheifly cloathed by the public. I have not the least doubt but if the officers are attentive to the first emotions among the Soldiers, and act with spirit and firmness upon the occasion that all tumults will subside and good order and discipline again prevail. I am &.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, 14 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Varnum, James Mitchell

D. sir
Head Quarters Middlebrook 14th Febry 1779

I received your favor of the 29th Ultimo.
It is no easy matter, and always requires great efforts of judgement, to extinguish a general spirit of complaint, without punishing the principal offenders; for soldiers are restrained, more by fear, than by argument; by severe and well timed example, than by cool and lenient measures.
I could wish there were no reasons to suppose that the soldiers have drawn encouragement, from the sentiments, or unguarded expressions of their officers; and that officers having a sense of the duty they owe their country, would endeavour to accommodate the minds of the soldiery to the circumstances of the times. That mutinous spirit which some corps have lately discovered, averse from order, and subordination, must be extinguished by every means in our power, and punishments enforced proportionate to the nature and consequences of the crime. As in the late case, I will not doubt your exertions, should such licentiousness ever again make its appearance.
The troops which you mentioned, have arrived at New-york. I am sir Your most hble servt
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Jeremiah Wadsworth, 14 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Wadsworth, Jeremiah

Sir
[Middlebrook, 14 Feb. 1779]

If my Order of the 12th Inst. respecting the Magazine of Provisions at Fort Pitt did not explicitly declare that the Quantity there directed to be laid up by the first of May is to be over & above the necessary Supplies for the Troops in that Quarter, I now inform you that this was my meaning—& I have further to desire that you will form a Magazine under like Circumstances and for the same time (that is four Months) for one thousand Men at Sunbury on Susquehannah.
For particular reasons, I think it adviseable that the Magazine at Pittsburgh should be drawn from the Frontiers of Virginia and the Parts of Pennsylvania contiguous to that Post; and that the Supplies for Sunbury be drawn from the West Side of the Susquehannah—You will consult the Quarter Master General on the Means of transportation that no disappointment may take Place in either of these Cases.
You will furnish me with Returns of the Provision & other Articles in your Department which are on hand the first day of every Month and where they lie. Given at Middlebrook this 14th day of February 1779.
G. Washington


Title: General Orders, 15 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle Brook Monday February 15th 1779.
Parole Belgrade—C. Signs Barton. Bon.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 15 February 1779
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

Sir
Rarotan [N.J.] February 15 1779

I have carefully looked over the plan for a Resolve of Congress. There appears to me two defects in it. One is the Articls taken in the Commisarys & quarter masters line should pass through the principals of those departments instead of going to the Auditors as it must be supposd they are better judges of the necessity and proper application of the things taken than the Auditors can be. The other defect is there dont seem to be care enough taken in the instructions given to the Officers that gives Certificates to guard against forgery. If there is a Resolution of Congress directing payment to be made for all Certificates signd by any Officer there will be great danger from the strong temptation and the difficulty of detection of Peoples taking unfair advantages of the public. Indeed I think there is much more necesity to gaurd against this Evil than the misapplication or abuses of the Officers—I beg leave to recomend the enclosd precautions as well to prevent impositions as to pave the way for a just and speedy payment.
The Resolve so far as it respects the Clothiers department appears to me to be upon as good a plan as can be adopted.
Certificates that are given for articles taken for the use of the Army by Commisiond Officers to be signd with their Names at full length and the Rank they hold and if under a General Officer to have the addition of the Regiment & State to which they belong. To be inserted in the body of the Certificate the things taken their supposd Value the Time & place—for what purpose and the Necessity of the measure.
The Certificate to be directed to the principal of the department & his deputies whose duty it is to provide the things so taken. The Officer shall keep ⟨exact⟩ copys of all the Certificates he gives and also transmit copeys to the nearest Agent in the department giving him the necessary information respecting the business.
The deputies shall also transmit Copies of such Certificates as they pay off to their principals that inquiry may be made if necessary whether the giving the Certificates was necessary for the public service and whether the things taken has been properly applyed.


Title: To George Washington from Andrew Lewis, 15 February 1779
From: Lewis, Andrew
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Richfield Botetourt County [Va.]Februy 15th 1779

Your Excellencys Favour of the 15th of October came to my Hand the 20th of December. I should have done myself the Honour of writing you before this Time, had I been favoured with a Conveyance, and even now the Prospect of this reaching you is not so good as I could wish—The several Matters you was pleased to mention to me respecting the Situation and Circumstances of your Army, & that of the Enemy, were very obliging and truly satisfactory—The prudent Measures you have on all Occasions strictly adhered to since your favouring your Country in accepting of the Command of their Forces, has no Doubt convinced our invetorate Enemies, that they have Nothing to hope for in the Prosecution of their cruel and oppressive Plan, evidently calculated for the spilling the Blood of Part of us, and subjugating the Remainder to a State of Slavery.
I think with you Sir, that if the Enemy do not withdraw their Forces this ensuing Spring, they mean (by a Continuance of their straing Delusions) to reinforce & make another vigorous Push, I wish they may not change their Ground & employ their greatest Force to the Southward, where they may expect more Friends, & particularly have it in their Power to supply the Indians and stimulate them to Acts of Barbarity & at the same Time be as far from you & your Army as possible. This you will say, will not be acting like the much boasted Power of G. Britain, or thereby conquer America, this I will grant, but they would greatly injure us and thereby hope to succeed the better in their Scheme of negotiating—The Consequences of the much to be dreaded Evils you mention, that of Extortion, Monopolizing &c. &c. have been foreseen & much lamented by all Freinds to the Country, but every attempt that has been made as a Remedy has proved ineffectual—A Dollar at this Time will scarcely pass for six Pence in Exchange for any necessary either in the Articles of Cloathing or Provisions, & in many Particulars it can not be said that it would pass for three Pence—To support an Army under those Circumstances—And yet it must be done, tho the best Estates must sink under it whilst a Set of rapacious Harpies will be wantonly wallowing in the Spoils of their Country. To have a Knowledge of the enormous Sums expended from Time to Time in the western Department without any good Purpose answered, and at the same Time to be certified of the abuse of Trust, miss Conduct, and Neglect would put to the Test the most pacific Disposition, this I beleive I hinted to you when I did myself the Honr of writing you from Fort Pitt, what has happened since with what is done for an Expence almost boundless & the Consequences that may be expected therefrom, you will doubtless have from General McIntosh, who favoured me with a Letter on his Return to Fort Pitt—His Disappointments & Difficulties, with what Knowledge he has gathered on his Expedition, have convinced him, that to conduct an Army, under the various Circumstances, to answer the wished for End, would be an arduous Task for the most skilled, & best acquainted with that Country—I know Nothing of the Measures Congress have a Design to persue this year in that Quarter, they ought to be vigorous & effectual, otherwise this back Country will be overrun with Savages—Doubtless you have seen the Proceedings of the Treaty held at Fort Pitt last Septr, how far Congress approves of, on what they intend to do in Consequence thereof I know not, however that may be, I was (considering the small Prospect we had) glad to have it in our Power to do so much, for the Delawares were on the very Point of being compeled to join the other Tribes against us, a few Days more would have snatched them from our Interest. I am convinced that a Prosecution of judicious Measures, in support of the Stipulations entered into may be worked into a lasting Good; a contrary Conduct will have a very contrary & unhappy Effect.
With Reguard to what you ask respecting Lands, no Patents have been granted for any by the Proclamation of 63 but one which Doctor Connelly obtained by Favour of Lord Dunmore, tho there seems no Doubt of our obtaining such Rights, as soon as the Land Office be opened, which is expected next Meeting of the Assembly⟨.⟩ The burning Spring is surveyed in your & my Names & shall put the Plot in the Office, when opened, with some others I have in Readiness—It will for the Quantity make a good stock Place as a great Proportion may be turned into Meadow.
The Ground off the River, from the Mouth of Cole River up and particularly about the burning Spring is very high, uneven & barren so much so, that no Settlements can be made off the low Grounds of the River.
I shall esteem it an honour as well as great Satisfaction to receive a Line from you as often as you have Leizure to think of your Excellencys Most obedeant and Very Humble Servant
Andw Lewis


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Lachlan McIntosh, 15 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: McIntosh, Lachlan

Dear Sir,
Head Quarters Middle Brook Feby 15th 1779.

Inclosed is the copy of a Letter which was written to you from Philadelphia & now transmitted for fear of miscarriage.
The more I contemplate on an Expedition from Fort Pitt, the more perswaded I am of the superior advantages that will result from its co-operation with some enterprize from this quarter (if circumstances will permit) but as a measure of this kind depends upon contingencies, no perfect plan can be yet formed; but as there will be little or no difference in the preparation for an Expedition up the Alligany against the hostile tribes of the Six Nations, & one against the Indians more Westerly & Detroit, I would have you confine your attention more to the first than the latter objects; keeping the design as much as possible an impenetrable secret, under an Idea that you are preparing to prosecute the objects of the last campaign; and to lessen as much as possible the expence of land transportation, you mean to make use of that by Water—The only thing that can lead to a discovery of the real design, is the steps which must necessarily be taken to obtain a thorough knowledge of the rout, & other circumstances to form the plan but this may be covered in a great degree by the adoption of similar measures (which may eventually be equally necessary) the other way. Your oblique enquiries in the first case, should always be accompanied with pointed ones in the second, which will naturally give the bias to that way of thinking.
I am clearly of opinion that water transportation wherever it can be used will be found most eligible, and least expensive; I therefore again repeat the desire contained in my last respecting vessels; but am somewhat at a loss to decide on the proper kind—Batteaux will, I fear, be too heavy & unwieldy for such waters as you will have occasion to go up; and will, besides, be expensive—Large Canoes—say pettiaugers—unless well made are also heavy, and perhaps equally unfit for narrow Waters and crooked streams; nor will they, it is to be feared, do in a swell unless modelled by skilful hands; but as great part of the workmanship of these is to be effected by common labourers, & no Iron pitch, or oakum requisite, they must on these accts be infinitely the cheapest & easiest obtained and therefore to be prefered—But still I can not give an absolute order for prefering them to Batteaux but leave the matter to your own judgment & to circumstances after having giving this opinion. Should the Pettiauger deserve the preference, I recommend it to you to get some skilful Persons as master Workmen & directors. If there are any Men with you from the Seacoast; or broad Waters in Virga Maryland or Pensylvania, they, more than probably, will be proper hands to employ; as they know the kind made use of in Chesapeak & Delaware Bays (where they will live in almost any weather)—The reason of my being thus particular in respect to this matter is, that Vessels properly constructed would be light—easily transported into lake Erie—& answer there to coast & by serving a double purpose, be fitted for any event & save much expence to the public. The French last War had a number of Bark Canoes on those Waters. these are extremely light & easily transported by land from place to place, but so easily wrecked as to render a dependance on them precarious—I mention them because they are cheap & may be called in aid of the others—They used to make them of Birch bark—but if this is difficult to be had other kinds I suppose will do.
The necessity of the enquiries directed in my last (added to what I have hear said) will appear so obvious, that I am perswaded you will not delay a moments time, nor slip an oppertunity, to obtain information sufficient to form the expedition for co-operation (if that shall be ultimately determined upon)—In doing this, it is needless to repeat how indispensably expedient it is to obtain a thorough knowledge of the nature & extent of the navigation above Fort Pitt—How far it is from the head of this navigation to the Settlements of the Six nations, especially those of the Senecas—& what kind of Country to pass through—Whether there is any better rout by the way of prisquile & the Lake—whether there is any—& What kind of communication betwn the upper parts of the Alligany for instance Kittanning Venango &ca & the well settled parts of Pensylvania which is necessary to be known on two accts as it may serve to draw supplies, & answer for a retreat in case of extreme necessity—It is also necessary to have in contemplation proper places to establish small posts at for the security of Convoys and other purposes. The Kittaning & Wenango Appear from the face of Evans Map to be eligible—others will be necessary higher up the Alligany; and one essentially so at the head of the Navigation, with a strong guard for the security of the Vessels.
Your Vessels (let them be of what kind they will) should be accommodated with both oars & setting Poles—the first for deep Water (& keeping in the middle of the River in case of necessity)—& the latter for the sides & shallow Water—both these should be made of good Wood, & in time, that they may season & get light before they are used. It would be no bad exercise, & I am sure it would be good policy, to practice the Soldiers when they are disengaged from other duty in rowing & setting Vessels against stream; they will, otherwise, be very aukward when they are brought to it by necessity.
I shall endeavour to give you as little trouble as possible with Militia next Campaign, not only to avoid expence to the public, but that your operations may be more governable, & pointed with respect to time, in co-operating with other bodies—The adjt Genl will furnish you with Copies of General Orders for reinlisting the Soldiers of the Continental Regiments, and I trust that every exertion of the Officers will be used to comply with the views of them—Brodhead may send Officers into the back parts of Pensylva and Gibson into these of Virginia, to try their success under the resolve inclosed. How you stand provided with the means I know not, but in case of deficiency, you are to apply to the board of treasury for Money to answer these purposes. I hope these two Regiments may be got pretty strong by the middle of May—and Congress having empowered me to compleat some Companies of Colo. Rawlings’s Regiment, these, with the standing Forces under your Command at present, will (as they are Troops to be depended on) make a respectable body. I have directed the Commissary Genl of purchases (Wadsworth) under the inclosed resolve, to lay in four Months provisions for 12,00 Men at Pittsburg, by the first of May. He will continue Colo. Morgan in this business, if he chooses it—but as it is necessary to avoid interference in Office that all the branches of the same department should be under one general direction, & superintendance, my orders have gone, and must go through him.
That I may know what Stores of different kinds—Tools &ca are wanted—let me have exact returns of all those you now have in the department—Your attention should be turned in time to proper guides for the expedition—men in whom you can confide and that you may not be hurried so much in these matters as to obtain imperfect accts I do not wish you to be at head Quarters till about the middle or last of April, by which time it is to be hoped that clear and perfect information of the whole distance may be obtained from Fort Pitt to the head of the navigation of the Alligany, & the distance afterwards to the Indian towns—so that the Rout may be compleatly marked, & the Stages & halting days named, that the different Armies may move in concert, & know with certainty what dependance to place on each other & where they are.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Maxwell, 15 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Maxwell, William

Sir,
Hd Qrs [Middlebrook] Feby 15. 1779

I have just received a letter from Capt. Stokes stationed at Bonum Town—informing me that the enemy on Staten Island appear to be in motion, and have been collecting boats both at New York and at the Island—You will therefore redouble your vigilance and be ready to oppose any attempt they may make near you.
I am informed there is a considerable number of fat cattle between Wood-bridge and the blazing star—If this be true, which you will ascertain, you will immediately have them removed to a place of security—I have desired Capt. Stokes to assist you in the business—and to communicate to you any further discoveries he may make. I am Sir Your most humble servant.
You will send this intelligence forthwith to Col. Clarke at Paramus.


Title: To George Washington from George Measam, 15 February 1779
From: Measam, George
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from George Measam, 15 Feb. 1779. GW wrote Measam on 10 March: “I am favd with yours of the 15th Feby.”


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Moses Rawlings, 15 February 1779
From: Rawlings, Moses
To: Washington, George

        Letter not found: from Lt. Col. Moses Rawlings, 15 Feb. 1779. GW wrote Rawlings on 7 March: “Your letter of the 15th Ultimo was handed me by Capn Beall.”


Title: General Orders, 16 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Tuesday February 16th 1779.
Parole Tobago—C. Signs Toledo. Truro.

At a General Court-Martial held at Middle-Brook Jany 10th 1779. Lieutenant Holman Mennis of the 1st Virginia regiment was tried for “misconduct in swaping an impressed horse in the year 1777.”
The Court are of opinion that he is not guilty of swaping an impressed horse as is alledged to him in the charge, but think him guilty of swaping a stray; That as he was charged with mis-conduct in swaping an impressed horse which it appears he is not guilty of, don’t conceive they have a right to censure him for his mis-conduct in swaping a Stray.
Lieutenant Mennis is released from his Arrest.
All the men belonging to Lieutenant Colonel Rawlings’s Regimt now doing duty in the line are to be delivered up to Lieutenant Tanneyhill of said regiment upon his demanding them.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Abraham Buford, 16 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Buford, Abraham

sir.
Head Qrs [Middlebrook] 16th feby 1779.

As the Enemy may be tempted to some Enterprise on a supposition that the festivity of the 18th will occasion remissness in duty—I have directed the Officer commanding at Bonum Town to be particularly vigilant—and to transmit you the earliest intelligence—shd any movement happen—You will therefore be prepared if occasion shd require, to have the convalescents of yr Hospital marched, and the sick whose situation admits of it removed to a place of greater security—It will be likewise necessary in this case to remove any spare Hospital Stores that may have been collected at Brunswick. I am &c.
P.S. In case of a move—notice will likewise be given you from S. Amboy.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Maxwell, 16 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Maxwell, William

Sir,
Head Quarters [Middlebrook] Feby 16th 1779

I have received your favour of yesterday—Your observations on the necessity of the Deputy Commissary of prisoners residing on the spott are just—I was not before fully apprised of Mr Adam’s situation. There certainly can be no propriety in any officers staying at his own home, for private conveniences, seven or eight miles from the place where his duty calls him while public business is suffering for want of his presence—I shall therefore desire Mr Beatty to direct his deputy to reside for the future at Elizabeth Town—and I shall give particular instructions that the several irregularities you complain of may be remedied.
I should be happy to indulge your request of being present at Plukemin—on the 18th—But I do not think it can be done with propriety, especially under the present appearances of a movement among the enemy, which your letter concurring with the intelligence received from Capt. Stokes—indicates—The enemy may think our attention too much engaged in the exhibition of that day, and may be encouraged to some enterprise on that account—I must therefore beg you will remain at your post, and have a look out more vigilant than ordinary upon the occasion—You will for that purpose give notice to all your guards and parties along the sound—and enjoin them to be particularly alert. I am Sir Your most Obedt servant.


Title: Major General Alexander McDougall’s Estimate of Enemy Strength, 16 February 1779
From: McDougall, Alexander
To: Washington, George

[c.16 Feb. 1779]
The Corps on the other Side, have been compared with the Official Letters and paragraphs, in the Enemies Papers; relative to the embarkation and arrival of the Troops at Barbadoes &ce, and Georgia, but neither of those, are among these—It is certain there are 14 Companies of Light Infantry at South Hampton, and its very seldom, that the Battalion is sent on remote Service, from its flank Compani⟨es. ⟩ I recollect but one Instance in all my reading. Sensible Deserter⟨s,⟩ Serjeants and Corporals from the Brittish, were confident as to the Cantonments on York, Staten and Long Islands—And, the Hessian privates were equally so, as to the Regiments of that Nation—The York Calendar, containing a List of them was read to them repeatedly and questioned particularly where all these Corps were, at the Time of their respective Examinations—The Positions of the New Levies, are ascertained on as unquestionable Evidence—The 16th Regiment of Light Dragoons, have been Draughted into the 17th, and the Officers sent to England. The former is the reason of the present Strength of the 17th—The seventeenth of Foot, altho’ cut to Pieces at Princetown, has had large draughts from the reduced Regiments—A Corporal of it, who detailed the Duty, deserted, and was very minutely examined at my Quarters—He appeared to be a sober intelligent Fellow—The 57th is by the concurrent examination of Sixty Deserters, the strongest in America—The Compliment of the Granadiers, is always compleat, by a standing General Order. The Strength of the Corps in General, has been ascertained by Questioning the Serjeants, Corporals and sensible privates on the strength of their own Companies, and whether their Regiment was reputed to be stronger or weaker than another with which it was compared? The Hessian Regiments except the Grenadiers and Life Guards, consist of five Companies, and when they first came out were an Hundred and twenty Strong, rank and File—now they are from 60 to 80—If it be considered, that the Enemy have but in few Instances, been compelled to make long marches; that they have had the best care taken of them in their Hospitals, well provided with Cloaths, Linnen and Acids, that he recieved frequent recruits from Europe, and several of the Brittish Regiments, were reduced to fill others up, no Question remains an [in] my Mind of the Truth of this Estimate.
Alexr McDougall


Title: From George Washington to Major General Philip Schuyler, 16 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Schuyler, Philip

Dear Sir,
Middle brook Feby 16th 79.

Your favor of the 4th is this minute come to hand, and at the instant an Express was setting out for Fish kill—I will not delay a moment therefore in yielding my entire consent to your ordering an additional number of Batteaux—sufficient for the purposes mentioned in the above letter—that in case events should invite—& circumstances justify the extension of our views in the course of the Campaign we may not be at a stand for the means.
I have to thank you much for your sentiments on the intended Expedition; and shall beg that you will continue to furnish me with your observations as they may, from time to time occur, I shall stand in much need of information, and can depend upon yours.
I thank you also for the order given respecting the Forage, and the Timber for the 20 Gun Ship; could you provide plank for it also, with the Carpenters now engaged, without impeding the building of Batteauxs, I shall readily consent to it; altho it is a deviation from the general line I am to pursue.

I highly approve of your reason for establishing a Post at Fort George, & wish you to dispose of the other force in that Quarter in such a Manner as will facilitate the ends in view—this will comprehend, as far as the strength there will enable you, a Post for the security of Stony Arabia—I shall take up no more of your time at present than to assure you, that I am with every sentiment of esteem & Affection Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt & Obligd
G. W——n


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General James Clinton, 17 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, James

        Letter not found: to Brig. Gen. James Clinton, 17 Feb. 1779. Clinton wrote GW on 8 April (DLC:GW): “I am to acknowledge the Receipt of your Excellency’s Favours of the 14th 17th 22d Feby and 25th March with their Enclosures.”


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Edward Hand, 17 February 1779
From: Hand, Edward
To: Washington, George

        Letter not found: from Brig. Gen. Edward Hand, 17 Feb. 1779. GW wrote Hand on 28 Feb.: “I have been favd with yours of the 17th and 22d instants.”


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 17 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

Dear Sir,
Middle brook Feb. 17th 1779

Altho I have delayed till now to give you the trouble of a line, I am not the less impressed with a sense of your politeness and civilities to me while I had the honor of being under your roof. I shall think myself very happy if any poor Cottage, of which I happen to be Master, can be favourd with your Company.
We have nothing new in this quarter—but are told that something great and good is in store for us at Congress—nothing in short less than an Alliance with Spain, and a loan from that Court of thirteen Million of Dollars.
When I said we had nothing new, I ought to have excepted a piece of intelligence, that the enemy on Staten Island &ca are busy in preparing fascines—the design of them, we as yet are ignorant. I am a little impatient to hear something further from Georgia.
Mrs Washington prays you to accept her sincere thanks for your kind attention to her while she was in the city of Philadelphia, and joins in respectful compliments with Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt & obliged Hble Servt
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Maxwell, 17 February 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Maxwell, William

Sir.
Head Quarters [Middlebrook] 17th Feby 1779.

The Bearer Mr Thomas Smith a Gentleman particularly recommended by Govr Henry of Virginia—has my permission to go into New York on his private affairs—You will therefore furnish him with a Flag for that purpose. I am Sir Your most obedt servt.