Title: To George Washington from Colonel Moses Hazen, 21 July 1780
From: Hazen, Moses
To: Washington, George

						Sir,
						Camp Pracaness, July 21, 1780.

					I have had the Honour to receive your Excellency’s Letter of Yesterday’s Date; I am constrained to say it does not give me that Relief which I expected from the Nature of my Complaint.
					The Question is shortly this; has an Inferior Officer a Right to be heard on a Complaint of an Injury done him or not, or is it the province of a superior Officer to raise up or pull down at Pleasure any Military Character whatever, without a Remedy left to the aggrieved.
					Permit me, Sir, to state the Merits of my Case, and every Circumstance both for and against me relative to it.
					On the 4th Instant early in the Day my Provision Return was signed, and at or about three o’Clock in the Afternoon the Quarter-Master Serjeant waited on the Commissary for the Provisions; at five on the same Day the Quarter-Master again requested the Provisions, and his Application was repeated in the Morning of the 5th at Revelie Beating, yet the Beef was not killed Time enough to issue before Guard Mounting: The Regiment was however supplied with two Days Flour; no Complaint was made to me by the Quarter-Master, Adjutant, or others, either Commissioned or Non-commissioned Officers or Soldiers of the Regiment, I therefore had it not in my Power either to know or report the Deficiency of Provisions to the General. If my Quarter-Master, Adjutant, or other Officers of the Regiment, have neglected their Duty let them be responsible for it.

					The Brigade Orders of the 6th Instant contains a severe Reflection and a pointed Reprimand on the three Commanding Officers of Regiments. Col. Hubley and myself waited on Genl Hand; not to make an Apology for any Neglect of Duty, but to state the Matter as it stood, and to obtain Relief from under the Censure in the Orders of the 6th Current, and the Severity of the Reprimand. Genl Hand was deaf to our Intreaties, and alledged that he had a Right to give Orders, and was a Judge of the Propriety of them. Many Arguments and Altercations passed at this Interview; at length amongst others, Genl Hand was told by Col. Hubley that he had exceeded the Limits of Civility by publishing such an Order, without first calling for the Commanding Officers of Regiments, or Words to that purpose. I observed that my Feelings were wounded by the Censure, and then begged a hearing on my Conduct by a Court of Enquiry, or a General Court-Martial; both the one and the other of these Methods, the only Remedy to relieve an injured Military Character, I was refused; on which I retired, and immediately wrote to Genl Hand, stating the Case as it really was, and then requested as a Matter of Right that some Measures might be taken by him to place my Character in its proper Point of Light. Genl Hand’s Answer shews his Willingness to promote an Enquiry into the Commissary’s Conduct, or a Trial of him by a General Court-Martial. In my Answer to Genl Hand’s Letter, and of the same Day, it appears that Col. Hubley and myself had left the Mode of proceeding against the Commissary solely to the General, as it was not a Matter that immediately concerned us, as we thought we had done our Duty. The Commissary was accordingly arrested, tried by a Division General Court-Martial, and acquited; principally as it is presumed on Genl Hand’s own Testimony in the Commissary’s Favour. Lord Sterling was pleased to say, that it appeared by the Proceedings of the General Court-Martial very difficult, if not impossible, for the Commissary to have issued Provisions on the 4th. Genl Hand has confessed that I was not to blame in the Matter. I again waited on Genl Hand, and told him that the Sentence of the Court-Martial on the Commissary’s Trial had given me no Relief; on the contrary, it tended to justify the Censure and condemn the Field Officers: That I wished not to carry the Matter farther; at the same Time was fully convinced I was intitled to Redress, and begged he would introduce something in a subsequent Order that should alleviate the Rigour and Severity of the Censure of the Brigade Orders of the 6th but all the mild and most ardent Intreaties to compromise and settle this Dispute was treated with an Indifference that obliged me to declare, that I could not let the Matter drop, but should be under the disagreeable Necessity of carrying up my Complaint to Major-General Lord Sterling, and, if not redressed there, I should then apply to your Excellency for that

purpose; to which Genl Hand replied he had no Objection. I then presented a formal Application in Writing to Lord Sterling requesting a hearing by a Court of Enquiry on my Conduct, which I was politely refused; I therefore had no other Alternative left but that of setting down Self-convinced of my own Innocence and Power of Justification, or the troubling your Excellency with the Application which was presented on the 17th praying for a Court of Enquiry on my Conduct in this Matter.
					This is the Substance, and I believe will be found a true State of the Case from the Beginning; all which I am able to adduce to proof, which I apprehend will convey a different Idea from that which could have been formed on the partial Representation laid before your Excellency by Genl Hand, as appears by the State of the Case in your Letter of Yesterday, in which no Notice appears to have been taken of the Measures pursued by me to comply with the General Orders referred to in the Brigade Orders of the 6th Instant.
					I must beg your Excellency’s Patience in a few Observations on what I have hitherto conceived to be the Line of my Duty.
					When I entered the Service of the United States I was not insensible of the Sacrifice I made. My Person and Domestic Ease I gave up to the disposal of my Superior Officers in Hopes of doing Service to the Country, and acquiring Honour to myself; I did not however suppose that a fair Character was to be torn to Pieces at the Option of, or at the Pleasure of any one of my Superior Officers: Laws and Regulations were laid down, by which I was to be governed: That if I transgressed I might be punished by them, which I now Claim as a Point of Right. I have in a former War raised a Military Character, at the Expence of Wounds, Pain, Fatigue, much hard Labour, and Treasure. I have endeavoured not only to preserve but to add to the Honour acquired by near Twenty Years Military Service before I entered into this Cause of Liberty, and I have been fortunate enough, not only to please my several Commanding Officers, but to share in the Honour of your Excellency’s Public Thanks for my Conduct and Behaviour in a General Action at the Head of a Brigade. Shall this established Character? Shall all these Honours which have cost so dear be held at the Pleasure of any one Individual Officer? No, I disclaim the very Idea. Genl Hand has unjustly endeavoured, or rather imprudently, and perhaps inattentionally too, taken upon himself to dispose of my Military Character without my Knowledge and Consent, and by a Scratch of the Pen he has told my Brother Officers that I have not done my Duty; and he has also declared to the Non-commissioned Officers and Soldiers of the Brigade, or at least of my Regiment, that their Want of Provisions has been owing to my Neglect, and thereby not only let down that Confidence which ought to be preserved, but sapped the very Dignity necessary to be supported

by the Commanding Officer of a Regiment. This I take to be the Substance of the Brigade Orders of the 6th Instant.
					It is not my Business, or Matter of Moment to me, on what Principles Genl Hand has opposed a hearing on my own Conduct; for if he has done me no wrong he cannot be hurt by it; if he has injured me, common Justice requires the Remedy.
					Much more might be said on this Subject, but I will forbear troubling your Excellency further on the Occasion; have only to add, that I beg your Excellency will please to take my Case into Consideration, and order me a Trial by a General Court-Martial, or a hearing before a Court of Enquiry, or otherwise in the Presence of Genl Hand before your Excellency, when and where I may be indulged to adduce my Evidence in Support of my Complaint, and in Justice to my injured Character. I have the Honour to be, Your Excellency’s most obedient And most devoted humble Servant,

						Moses Hazen


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 21 July 1780
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

						Dear General,
						Newport July 21st 1780

					Yesterday I was honor’d with yours of the 15th Instant, and this day with that of the 5th.
					I some time since posted a guard from Colonel Greene’s Regiment over the military Stores at Providence which I think it will be necessary to continue until the Stores are removed.
					The Boats have been collected and repair’d they are now at the west end of the Island and at hand to convey troops either on or off the Island. I shall make immediate enquiry respecting the Plank & give instructions conformable to your directions.
					Attention has been paid to the repairs of the wharves at the Ferries, which are now nearly compleated. I have order’d Colo. Green’s Regiment and the Levies to march for the main army in manner as directed by your Excellencys Letter of the 29 Ulto. The Levies are not all raised.

I have directed two Commission’d officers to remain to receive and forward them.
					The day before yesterday four Ships, two of which appear’d to be of the Line, came and look’d into this Harbor at perhaps the distance of 5 or 6 Leagues. the Wind blowing fresh into the Harbour prevented any part of Monsieur Le Chevalier de Ternay’s Squadron getting out. I view’d the Enemys Ships for Some time.
					Early this morning three frigates of the squadron put to Sea. We can discover them from the heights, and a Ship about five leagues to the East of them, but whether the Ship be a friend or a foe is yet unknown.
					At the request of his Excellency General Rochambeau, I have ordered about twenty pieces of Cannon (24 & 18 pounders) to be brought to this place from Providence &c. which he is going to mount at the entrance of the harbor on this and Conanicut Islands With Some mortars &c.
					Several Prisoners have lately come from New York—by them We learn that the enclosed List contains the Naval force of the Enemy at New York on the 11th Instant. It is reported that Admiral Greaves arrived at Sandy hook about the 13th Instant With 5 or 6 Sail of the Line. if this be true, it is possible that the English have rather the Superiority in Ships in these Seas. the missing transport from the French fleet with about 340 Soldiers on board, which parted from the Fleet on this Coast, is arrived at Boston. The men will march by Land to Providence. I have requested the assistance of the Hon. Council, and Directed that of the D.Q.M. Genl and Commissary to hasten them.
					The regularity, Peace, good order and discipline which prevail here, give great satisfaction to all orders of People. I have the honor to be With the greatest respect Your Excellencys Most obedient Servant

						W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 21 July 1780
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

						Dear General,
						Newport July 21 1780 10 oClock P.M.

					This afternoon fifteen or sixteen Brittish Ships of war have made their appearance off this Harbour to the Eastward of Block island—more than half of them I think are Ships of the Line—from appearances at Sunsetting they intended to come to under Block Island.
					Admiral Greaves has probably joined Admiral Arbuthnot and their design is to block up the Fleet of Monsieur Le Chevalier De Ternay, and if possible intercept the expected Second division of the French Fleet. I thought it my duty to give immediate notice to your Excellency, and beg leave to Submit the expediency of Some small Cruizers being immediately Sent from the Delaware to Cruize for the French Fleet and direct them to a place of Safety. I have written to the Council and navy board at Boston & proposed the same in Case the fleet should take the Eastern Coast. I have mentioned this to his Excellency General Rochambeau, who was So much pleased with it that he requested I would write, for that he should leave it wholy with me.
					This night is Spent in mounting a number of Guns at advantageous posts at the entrance of the Harbour to make a cross fire with the Ships &c.
					Here are with the army a number of good engineers and an exceeding fine Corps of Artillery with a numerous train of Field Artillery and some battering Cannon.
					I had order’d Colo. Green’s Regiment to march immediately for the main army, but under present appearances think it best to detain them a few days. I have ordered them to take post at Butts’ hill the north end of the island to Secure the communication. This has given much satisfaction to General Rochambeau & I hope will meet with your Excellencys approbation. I have the honor to be With the greatest respect Your Excellencys Most obedient Servant

						W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from Beesly Edgar Joel, 21 July 1780
From: Joel, Beesly Edgar
To: Washington, George

						Philadelphia Barracks July 21st 1780

					Permit me to remind your Excellency, of my disagreable situation, which amidst your extensive and important employments I do not wonder has been forgot. From the Board of War to whom I have made several applications, I cannot expect an answer untill they receive directions from your Excellency. You have allready been inform’d of some of the extraordinary reasons which induc’d me to abandon the British service. had I been allowed an opportunity I could have given such as would have enduced your Excely to applaud my conduct in so critical an Affair. I neither request emolument, or reward, my only desire for the advantages I have quitted, is to be allow’d to serve as a Vollentier under the eye of your Excely. In which post I shall soon have an opportunity of acquireing your good opinion, revenging my own injuries, and becoming master of the profession for which I am form’d. Of which while your Enemy (and unbias’t by interested views) I look’t up to your Excellency as the Head. that by your Exy good report I may soon be reliev’d from this restrain’t so hurtfull to my feelings, & so ignomious to one who has forfeited every advantage, from his aversion to oppression & injustice. Is the sincere wish of your Exy most obedient

						B. Edgar Joel late Capt. British army


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons, 21 July 1780
From: Parsons, Samuel Holden
To: Washington, George

						Dr General
						Danbury [Conn.] 21st July 1780

					The Marquis Fayettee cal’d upon me this Morning on his Rout Eastward; and on Conversation with him, on the Subject of procuring Arms, Ammunition & other Supplies, he thought it advisable to request

3000 or 4000 Stands of Arms to be collected in this State, lest there should be a Deficiency in the public Stores to arm all our Levies and also to request the Governer & Council to furnish all the Powder to be procurd in the State; I gave it as my Opinion to the Marquis that as many as 3000 Stands of Arms could be taken from the Militia without affecting those who are drafted to compose the number requird of this State: at the same Time it will be attended with Inconveniences which no Person would choose to be subjected to, and which necessity only would induce your Excellency to direct—from the best Accounts I am able to collect, I am inclind to beleive we shall have near 2000 Troops in the Field by the 10th of Augt exclusive of the Militia; I hopd before this Time to have had more than 1200 but many, to me, unexpected Delays have hapned, that the Levies yet sent on do not amount to 1000 but they are daily coming in, and I beleive those which have arrivd to Day will make up One Thousand in the whole.
					More than Two Thousand have arrivd from Massachusetts Bay, and I am inducd to beleive the four New England States will have added 6000 Levies to their Continental Battalions by the 10th of next Month; if the Inhabitants of this State were certain that New York would become the Object of attack this Campaign, I think we could have as many Men as would be requested of the State. A Number of Gentlemen have proferd bringing Volunteer Companies into the Field, who would subject themselves to the Government of the Army and ingage to continue in Service until the City shall be taken or the Seige rais’d unless sooner dismisd—I wish to know your Excellency’s Opinion of my incouraging this Sort of Volunteer—The Marquis desires your Excellency to inform me whither the Arms he proposes to request of the Governor should be collected, or whether our public Stores will aford a Sufficiency without them—I beleive I shall be obliged to make the Tour of the Sta⟨te⟩ Once more before the Recruits are all collected, I find they want to be often reminded of their Duty; Nothing on my part shall be neglected to forward the Levies as expeditiously as possible. I am with the greatest Respect yr Excellency’s Obedt Servt

						Saml H. Parsons


Title: To George Washington from Charles Willson Peale, 21 July 1780
From: Peale, Charles Willson
To: Washington, George

							Dr Genl
							Phi[ladelphi]a July 21th 1780

						nothing but dire necessity would have compel’d me to have called on you for any money until the end of the War. but you will allow me to relate to you my situation, as it will be my best appolegy.
						The House I live in being unexpectedly Sold, I am warned to leave it in a very short time, being unable to get any place to Rent in which I could follow my profession. I have been under the necessity of entering into an Engagement for the purchase of a House. and have promised a payment by the first of next month, in confidence that I shall get it from 3 or 4 Gentlemen for whom, I have done some Bussiness. The portrait of the Marquis is thought very like. yet I hope to emprove it when the Marquis will favor me with another sitting—The other parts of the picture, I will finish with great care without loss of time. I am Dr Genl with great respect you most obedient Humble Servant

							Cha. Peale

						The Coppy of your portrait in Miniature five Guineas.
						The half length of the Marquis de la Fayette. twenty Guineas.

							P.S: The Gentlemen to whom I am engaged will take Continental Money at what ever the exchange may be.


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant General Rochambeau, 21 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de

						Sir,
						Head Quarters [Preakness, N.J.] July 21st 80

					I had the honor to receive yesterday duplicate of your letter of the [].
					Since the intelligence transmitted by the Marquis De la Fayette, I have received advices through different channels from New York that the enemy are preparing an embarkation of troops—that fifty transports have moved up the North River for this purpose—and the object of it is said to be your fleet and army. Though this may be nothing more than a demonstration, as it may possibly be serious I hasten to give you the earliest communication of it. With every sentiment of esteem and attachment I have the honor to be Sir Your most Obedient & most humble servant.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 21 July 1780
From: Wayne, Anthony
To: Washington, George

						New Bridge [N.J.]21st July 1780 9 OClock P.M.
						Dear General,

					being convinced that our field pieces were too light to make the wished Impression on the Block house by Bulls ferry, from an experience of more than an hour (at no greater Distance than from 50 to 70 Yards)—during which time both Officers & men evinced a Degree of bravery seldom equalled—but never excelled—and seeing the Enemy in motion On york Island & their shipping under way—together with certain accounts of the Embarking a very large body of troops from Voluntines hill, it was unanimously Determined in a Council of War on the field to withdraw the Artillery & fall back by easy degrees to this place—to prevent the Disagreeable consequences of being shut up in Bergen Neck.
					we accordingly moved off after burning the flat’s & boats laying at the Landing & Driving the Cattle from that Country which was part of our plan.
					our loss is from 50 to 60 killed & Wounded which we carried off

without the least molestation. I will have the honor of transmitting your Excellency the particulars tomorrow.
					I think it my duty to mention that the Enemy are in full motion on the North river, chief part of their troops Embarked—as they have completed their foraging in East & West Chester—may not good policy Induce them to take post between the Liberty pole & this place in order to render that Essential article very Difficult for your Excellency to procure in case of a Siege.
					I will shift my ground about two in the morning & fall back towards camp. Interim I am your Excellency’s most Obt Hume Sert

						Anty Wayne


Title: Circular to Connecticut and Massachusetts, 22 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

						Dear Sir
						Head Quarters Bergen County 22d July 1780

					Unfortunately for us, the Alliance Frigate, to which the Arms and Powder we expected were committed, is not arrived. The disappointment will frustrate our prospects unless we can obtain aid from the particular States—few of which however have it in their power to afford us any. All the Arms we can muster in the public possession for our Recruits do not exceed six thousand, whereas double the number will be wanted. I am therefore compelled to request of the state of Connecticut a loan of two thousand Arms, and if they have any Cartouch Boxes as many as they can spare. It is essential that whatever of these Articles can be furnished, should be forwarded without delay to Fishkill and delivered to the Commissary of Military Stores there. I must also entreat Your Excellency to have this effected, as the Officers in the service of the Continent are without means of transportation. The time presses so much, that not a moment is to be lost.
					I again beg leave to repeat my entreaties that the measures in execution may not be suffered to relax, but may be pushed on with increased activity and exertion. The time my Dear Sir is precious beyond description—None but those thoroughly acquainted with the nature of the objects in view can form a just Idea of it.

					I requested your Excellency in a former letter to assist with the means of forwarding the Cloathing which came for us in the French Fleet. I repeat my request. We want to be equipped and ready to commence our operations as soon as possible, and the Credit of the troops makes it of real importance to have them clad before we appear by the side of our Allies. I have the honor to be with the sincerest Respect and Attachment Your Excellency’s Most obt humble Servt

						Go: Washington

						P.S. I am anxious to know as soon as possible what may be expected in the Articles of Arms and Powder.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General John Fellows, 22 July 1780
From: Fellows, John
To: Washington, George

						Sir.
						Sheffield [Mass.] 22. July 1780

					The Militia detached from this State and New Hampshire, for three months are directed to rendezvous at Claverack on Hudson’s River, from some most unaccountable neglect not the least Provision is made to supply them. I have a Letter from one of the Magistrates there whreby I am informed that more than 1000 Troops are now billited on the Inhabitants. the remainder of the Detachment I have presumed to halt at Greatbarrington where there are now perhaps 1500 men equally destitute. your Excellency’s reflection will at once suggest to you the innumerable ill Consequences resulting from this Inattention and want of foresight. the spirit of mutiny which will probably hereby be infused into new Levies and the detriment resulting therefrom to the service are not the least nor only Evils to be dreaded. These Considerations have induced me to give your Excellency this Information by Express. and I have no doubt but that as soon as possible these Embarrassments will be removed.
					No Provision is made for supplying the Troops from this State further than to Claverack to which Place they are to procure for themselves for which they have recd a pecuniary Compensation) the new Hampshire Troops are supplyed no further than to Worcester and no Provision is there made for them by this State. whether the comisary General is informed of these Circumstances I knew not but there is an unpardonable neglect somewhere for I am certain nothing but Exertion is necessary (proper Arrangements being previously made) to effect any purpose which can be desired. I am Sir, with the most perfect Esteem Your Excellency’s most Obedt & very hume Servt

						John Fellows


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 22 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

						sir
						Hd Qrs near passaick [N.J.] July 22d 1780

					Since I wrote You on the 18th I have received a Letter from Genl Muhlenberg of the 11th transmitting me a List of the Officers mentioned below, belonging to Colo. Gist’s Regiment, who were omitted in

the Return he sent me before—and in consequence were not included in the Arrangement intended to take place for the present with respect to the Virginia Drafts, which I inclosed You. These Officers it is true do not belong to the Virginia line, but as the present formation of the Drafts is only the result of necessity, and the service will be benefitted by their having more Officers appointed to them, than those contained in the Arrangement transmitted; and as it will give employment to these Gentlemen and save the Continent at least the expence of employing as many as they amount to, You will be pleased to place them in the Corps of Drafts as I arranged them—or to form them into another Regiment, if it should appear more eligible from a view of all circumstances and the number of Drafts that are or will be actually collected. I am sir Yr Most Obedt st

						G. Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 22 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

						Dear Sir
						Head Quarters Bergen County 22d July ⟨1780⟩

					Upon examining the Return of Military Stores at West Point for the Month of June I find there were only 662 Muskets in the Commissary’s hands—This appears to me most extraordinary as the number of Rank and File of the Massachusetts line amounted on the last of Novemr 1779 to 4569 and on the last of June past to only 1623 which makes a difference of 2946 Men, who must have been discharged—dead—or deserted—but who ought all, except the latter, to have left their Arms behind them—By this state there is a deficiency of 2284 Muskets, which is too serious a matter to be passed over without the fullest investigation—You will therefore be pleased in the first instance to call upon the Deputy Commissary of Military Stores for an exact Return of the number of Arms recd by him from the last of November to the last of June. If he recd them Regimentally, let him specify them in the same manner—If by Brigades—let him distinguish them from each other—You will see by these how far the deliveries into the Store fall short of the number of Men discharged &c: You will then call upon the Brigadiers or Officers who commanded the Brigades and the Colonels or Officers who commanded the Regiments during the above period, and require them to account for such deficiencies as appear against their Corps

respectively—There may have been Arms sent up to Albany for repair, if so, the Commissary’s Books will shew the number—You will be pleased to let me know, as soon as possible the Result of this enquiry—Be kind enough to enquire of General Poor to whom he delivered the Arms belonging to the discharged Men of his Brigade.
					Be pleased to make me weekly Feild Returns of your Strength and let me know by every opportunity the number of levies which join you and from what States. The first Feild Return to be made immediately after the receipt of this—It is essential at this time for me to have as frequent information as possible of your increase, as the motions of this Army will probably be regulated thereby. I am &.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 22 July 1780
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

						Dear Sir
						Highlands [N.Y.] 22d July [1780] 12 at Night

					In mine of this Morning by Express I mention’d to your Excellency that Graves had been join’d by Arbuthnot, and that their Destination was Eastward, their object Variously Spoken of—Since this I have been inform’d that the British Troops were preparing to Embark, and that in Great Force, and that the End of their Movements was Rhode Island, to take our Allies before they had recover’d from the Fatigue of their Voyage, and before they had formed any Junction with us—This Acct when I first had it not comeing from very Confidential Agents I doubted its Authenticity, and suspended my opinion upon it, or troubling you with it for a few hours, relying that if true I should soon have it from Sources more to be depended Upon—This has happen’d, and from Various hands it has come to me all giving me Similar information—and Consequently rendering it important Enough to be immediately Transmitted to your Excellency—I still have my Doubts whether the Enemy Would take a Step like this as in case of failure Every thing is put to the Risk—but Flush’d with success to the southward or made Desparate by Apprehensions, they may be hurried into a Spirit of

Enterprise, which luckilly has not hither to Animated them. I am Dear Sir with the Greatest Respect Your Excellencys most Obd. H. Sert

						R. Howe

						P.S. I shall Transmit these Accounts to General Heath.


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 22 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

						Sir,
						Head Qrs Prekeniss [N.J.] 22d July 1780.

					The Committee has done me the honor to communicate a copy of their letter of the 18th to Congress containing a state of the measures they had taken & of our present prospects. The knowledge I have of facts perfectly coincides with their representation & the consequences they draw are so just & important that they ought to engage—& I am perswaded will engage the closest attention of Congress. I think it my duty to add that pressed on all sides by a choice of difficulties, in a moment which required decision I have adopted that line of conduct which suited the dignity & faith of Congress—The reputation of these States and the honor of our Arms—I have sent on definitive proposals of co-operation to the French General & Admiral. Neither the period of the Season nor a regard to decency would permit delay. The die is cast; and it remains with the States either to fulfil their engagements—preserve their credit, & support their independence or to involve us in disgrace & defeat.
					Notwithstanding the failures pointed out by the Committee—I shall proceed on the supposition that they will ultimately consult their own interest & honor; and not suffer us to fail for want of means which it is evidently in their power to afford. What has been done and is doing by some of the States confirms the opinion I have entertained of sufficient resources in the Country; of the disposition of the People to submit to any arrangement for bringing them forth, I see no reasonable ground to doubt. If we fail for want of proper exertions in any of the Governments, I trust the responsibility will fall where it ought & that I shall stand justified to Congress—To my Country—and to the World.
					From mis-conception or some other cause, there seems to have been not sufficient attention to the articles of Transportation—& forage, which must be the pivot of our operations. Few of the States as far as I am informed have yet put this important particular on a footing

equal to the exigency—Several have agreed to furnish the horses & Waggons demanded for the field-Service of the Army; but have not provided means to transport the Provisions—Artillery Stores—Arms—Cloathing—&ca for the use of the Expedition without which it must evidently be obstructed in its very first Stage.
					Congress are sensible how much I have made it a law to speak with the most scrupulous delicacy of the measures of the States, generally or particularly, and will do me the justice to believe that the plainness of my present remarks is dictated by a sense of duty—by the importance of the conjucture—and by the necessity of giving them a just view of our situation.
					I beg leave to observe that from present appearances it seems to me indispensable that Congress shou⟨ld⟩ enlarge the Powers of their Committee—We have every reason to believe it will become unavoidable to exert powers, which if they have no sanction, may be very disagreeable to the people, & productive of discontents and oppositions which will be infinitely injurious. With perfect respect & esteem I have the honor to be Sir Yr Most Obedt & Hble Ser.

						Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 22 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

						sir
						Head Qrs near passaick [ N.J.] July 22. 1780

					I beg leave to acquaint Congress that I have been informed by a letter from Governor Jefferson to their Committee in Camp, lately received, that the Legislature of Virginia had a Bill before them, when His Excellency wrote, for raising Five Thousand Men for Eighteen months to supply their Battallions; and that by a Letter, with which he was pleased to honor me at the same time, he requested that I would prepare an arrangement of Officers for them, and suggesting that as I might possibly cast my eyes on the unemployed Officers in the State, he had written to Genl Muhlenberg to send me a Return of them.
					By the post which brought me the Governor’s Letter I received the Return from Genl Muhlenberg, of which the Inclosure No. 1 is a Copy,

and in consequence of the requisition I have made & transmitted the Arrangement contained in the Inclosure No. 2 to His Excellency—and A Copy to Genl Gates or in his absence to Genl Muhlenberg, which appeared to me the best that could be adopted for the present, under a view of all circumstances & to which I take the liberty to refer Congress. I would also observe that by a Letter since of the 11th from Genl Muhlenberg, which came by Yesterday’s post, I received a List of the Officers comprehended in the Inclosure No. 3 now in Virginia belonging to Colo. Gist’s Regiment, whose names were omitted to be forwarded before, & who in consequence, were not included in the Arrangement No. 2. I have requested Genl Gates or Genl Muhlenberg in his absence by a Letter of to day, of which I have informed the Governor, to incorporate these with the Other Officers for the present, though they do not properly belong to the Virginia line, or to divide the Drafts into another Regiment, as may appear most eligible on a consideration of all matters and from the number of Men actually collected, and to place them in it. This measure will give the Drafts more Officers than they would otherwise have & will benefit the service—employ these Gentlemen save the Continent at least the expence of engaging as Many as they amount to, if they should be necessary—and will prevent complaints that would arise on any new appointments, except to the lowest ranks, and the difficulty there would be in disposing & providing for the Officers under them, whenever the release of those in captivity should make their services unnecessary.
					I have thought it my duty to make these communications, that Congress might know the provision that is made for officering those Levies, & I hope the plan will appear to them as it does to me, the most eligible the situation of affairs will admit. It is unlucky that there are not more officers—as the number of men proposed to be raised will exceed their proper commands under the establishment, but this excess perhaps will be a less evil, especially if the Officers are active and assiduous in their duties, than to introduce any new ones; and besides it is possible, that these Levies like all others, may fall something short of the number, in which case the inconvenience arising from the want of more Officers will not be so great. Congress will perceive that by the distribution made in the first arrangement, every Regiment will have Two Field Officers, and I supposd it best to give them the same numbers as those of the Regiments to which the Colonels commanding them properly belong.
					I was honoured Yesterday with Your Excellencys Letter of the 14th and with it’s inclosure, directing me to endeavour to obtain the exchange of Brigadier General du portail. A proposition to this effect will be made by the earliest opportunity; in compliance with the

direction, but I do not think there is any prospect of it’s being acceded to. I have the Honor to be With the greatest respect & esteem sir Your Excellency’s Most Obedt & Most Hbl. servt

						Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Jefferson, 22 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Jefferson, Thomas

						sir
						Head Qrs July the 22d 1780

					Since I had the honor of writing to Your Excellency on the 18th I have received a Letter form Genl Muhlenberg of the 11th inclosing a List of Sundry Officers (named below) belonging to Colo. Gist’s Regiment, who were omitted in his former Return—& in consequence in the Arrangement intended for the present of the Drafts, which I forwarded to Your Excellency. These Officers do not properly belong to the Virginia line, but as the present formation of the Drafts is the result of necessity and the service will be benifitted by their having more Officers than those contained in the Arrangement transmitted; and as it will give employm⟨ent⟩ to these Gentlemen—save the Continent at least the expence of employing as many as they amount to—and prevent complaints that would arise on any new appointments in the first instance and the difficulty there would be in disposing of them, whenever the release of the Officers in captivity should make them unnecessary—For these reasons I beg leave to inform your Excellency I have written to Genl Gates or in his absence to Genl Muhlenberg—to incorporate these Officers of Gist’s with the Others for the present, or to divide the Drafts into another Regiment as may appear most eligible from

a view of all circumstances and the number of Men actually collected and place them in it. I have the Honor to be with very great respect & Esteem yr Excellency’s Most Obedt st


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Jefferson, 22 July 1780 [letter not found]
From: Jefferson, Thomas
To: Washington, George

					Letter not found: from Thomas Jefferson, 22 July 1780. On 14 Aug., GW wrote Jefferson: “I have been honoured with Your Excellency’s favor of the 22 of July.”


Title: From George Washington to Joseph Jones, 22 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Jones, Joseph

						Dear Sir,
						Head Quarters Bergen County 22d July 1780.

					Your favor of the 18th came to my hands last Night—considering the delicate situation in which I stand with respect to General Gates, I feel an unwillingness to give any opinion (even in a confidential way) in a matter in which he is concerned, lest my Sentiments (being known) should have unfavourable interpretations ascribed to them by illiberal Minds—I will however state facts, & leave you to draw inferences, with respect to the promotion required.
					Custom (for I do not recollect any resolve of Congress authorizing it) has established a kind of right to the promotion of Brigadiers in state lines (where there are Regiments enough to require a Brigr to command[)]. There can be no objection therefore to the Gentn named, on this ground.
					By the practice of our Army, never less than four Regiments are placed in a Brigade, but in cases of necessity.
					The quota of Regiments allotted to the State of Virginia originally, were 15—In the year 1778 there was an incorporation of some of them by the Committee of Arrangement (sent to the White Plains); & approved, to the best of my recollection by Congress—this reduced them to []; one of which is now at Fort Pitt.
					The State of Virginia at this time (sinc⟨e⟩ the recall of Weedon) has 4 Brigrs in pay, & two in active Service—Those in captivity will be injured if they should not return to actual command when they are exchanged; & they can have no command out of their own line. nor can there be any in it if new B: are made.
					The State was about to raise 5000 Men, 4000 of which is, more than probably as many as they will get—& were I to form my judgment from our usual disappointments, & the customary deficiency in these cases, I should not expect 3000 Men.

					At the request of Govr Jefferson, & from a list of the Officers of the Virga Line (not in captivity) I have made a temporary formation of these Troops into Six (or as the case may be) Seven Regiments, till they are surcharged—there being Officers enough in the State for this purpose.
					The case of S——ns is not singular, it frequently happens—& in the nature of things must happen, while we depend upon Militia; & the appointment of officers of his Rank are in the Executive of each State—I have no doubt but that several instances of this kind will occur under my immediate command in the course of the Campaign (if our intended operation goes forward)—It is unavoidable, while we depend upon Militia for field Service.
					The Gentn who is the Subject of your Letter is a brave Officer, and a well meaning man, but his withdrawing from Service at the time he did last year, could not be justified on any ground—there was not, to my knowledge, the smallest cause for dissatisfaction—and the season and circumstances were totally opposed to the measure, even if cause had existed, till matters assumed a different aspect than they were at the time of his proffered resignation.
					From this state of facts, which I beleive to be candid & impartial, you will judge of the propriety, or impropriety of the promotion in question, & act accordingly.
					If any letter of mine to Colo. Harrison (Speaker to the Virginia House of Delegates) could have a tendency to injure rather than promote the Service in which we are engaged, the operation of it, & my intention, are as far apart as the North pole is from the South. In May, after the Marquis’ arrival with assurances of speedy succour from France, I wrote to Colo. Harrison (which I had not done for many months before) and informed him—knowing the assembly was then sitting—of the totally deranged situation of our affairs—of our distresses—of the utter impracticability of availing ourselves of this generous aid, unless the States would rouse from the Torpor that had siezed them—and observed—that.
					If there is any thing in the foregoing quotation of my Letter to Colo. Harrison that could prejudice the Service, I must abide the consequences, for I certainly wrote what is recited—not officially as you will readily perceive, but in a private letter to a friend, whose influence, together with that of every well wisher to the cause I wanted to engage, as I thought it high time that every Engine should be at work. The whole of what I wrote on the points you mention, are faithfully transcribed, that you may judge how far it could prejudice the Service—With the greatest esteem & regard I am Dear Sir Yr Affe Hble Servt

						Go: Washington

						P.S. The latter clause of the quotation of my letter to Colo. Harrison I am not absolutely certain was sent. The original draught contained it, but I am in some doubt whether it was copied, or not. this I mention that there may be no possible mis-information on my part.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Lafayette, 22 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de

						Head Quarters July 22d 1780

					I have received My Dear Marquis Your letter of the 20th inclosing me those you had received from Count De Rochambeau and The Chevalier De Ternay. As I speak to you in confidence I am sorry to find that the objections made by Mr De Ternay are of a nature to prevent his entering the harbour, notwithstanding any superiority he will probably have. I certainly would not wish him to endanger his fleet in any enterprise not warranted by prudence and by a sufficient prospect of success and security; and I shall acquiesce in his better judgment of Maritime Affairs. But I should hope whenever he had a decided superiority he

might possess the port—and certainly without this our operations must be infinitely more precarious, and in success much less decisive.
					Another thing that gives me concern is the non arrival of our arms and powder. Of the former we have not one half a sufficiency for our recruits, and of the latter (including the quantity expected) we were defective. Unless therefore our allies can lend us largely we certainly can attempt nothing—With every effort we can make we shall fall short at least four or five thousand arms—and two hundred tons of powder. We must of necessity my Dear Marquis however painful it is to abuse the generosity of our friends, know of them whether they can assist us with a loan of that quantity of arms and ammunit⟨ion⟩—I do not believe we can make out with less; but before we can enter into any engagements we must ascertain what they will be able to spare us—I entreat you to speak to the Count on this subject without delay and let me know the result by express. If the arms can be obtained endeavour to have them forwarded as quick as possible to put into the hands of the recruits—that we may be training them a little and puting them in condition to act.
					With respect to The Counts desire of a personal interview with me, You are sensible My Dear Marquis, that there is Nothing, I should more ardently desire, than to meet him; but you are also sensible that my presence here is essential to keep our preparations in activity or even going on at all. I entreat you to impress the Count with a proper idea of this matter and convince him with what pleasure I should hasten to meet him if it would not be injurious to our affairs. I should have anticipated his wishes.
					I am persuaded My Dr Marquis that however ardent your wishes to undertake the reduction of a certain place, you will not fail to give a candid and full view of the difficulties—We owe it to our allies we owe it to ourselv⟨es⟩.
					Col. Hamilton informed you yesterday of the advices received from New York of an intended embarkation said to be destined for Rhode Island—Major Lee in a letter of the 20th tells me the English fleet had returned to the Hook.
					Assure the Count and The Chevalier of all the esteem and attachment I feel for them and receive the assurances of the affection with which I am Dr Marquis Yr friend & servant.
					We are also very deficient of Cartouch boxes—Try to procure a loan of them. Should we get the arms, and should those we expect arrive we will make a point of replacing the number lent.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Lafayette, 22 July 1780
From: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de
To: Washington, George

							My dear General
							hartfort july the 22d 1780

						I hasten to inform you that the Missing transport is safely arriv’d on the 19th at Boston—she is said to be a two decker and to have on Board a vast deal of powder with pieces of ordinnance, and also the Baggage of the officers of Bourbonnois—The intelligence Came this instant By an officer of our Army who Saw the Men encamp’d on the Commons from where they were to March to providence—Two American frigates were, I am told, ordered to Convoy the Ship arround to Rhode island, But as theyr orders were to Sail By to Morrow they will have time to Receive Contrary directions from the french Admiral—The inclos’d News-paper will acquaint You of Greaves’s Cruizing off Block island, and on theyr first Appearance Chevalier de ternay will Certainly dispatch an express to Boston.
						in A Conversation which I had Yesterday with General parsons he told me that he thought the Number of Your Arms in stores amounted to ten thousand exclusive of those which are Now in the hands of the Men—he Seems to be of opinion, and so is Clel Wadsworth that there is No inconvenience in theyr State’s furnishing theyr drafts with arms, and Giving even a larger proportion if Thought Necessary—they say those Arms May be By the 5th of August at King’s Ferry—I was So particular as to Make Myself Certain that this demand will not in the least impeach any other Measure, and as it would be too distressing to fall short on that article, I will take on Myself, tho in a private Capacity, to persuade the Governor and Council in the Measure of Arming every one of the Men whom they send out, and forwarding the arms to King’s Ferry or west point as you May direct.
						As to the Matter of Ammunition, General parsons thinks that (as far as he May Guess) Near fifty tons of powder Might be Collected—Clel

Wadsworth Says he Can’t ascertain the quantity—they have three Mills, and from what I Can Collect—I am Certain that if You attak Newyork this State will do every thing in theyr power—I will foretell the Governor that he will have a Large demand of Ammunition, and let you know how much we are to depend upon as far as I May Guess from his Answer—Machushushet have Say—they a Vast deal of powder.
						I intend to Breakfast at Newport the day after to Morrow, and as Soon as I Can Make out any thing worth the while from My Conversations with them, I will Let you know every Matter that May be interesting. With the highest Respect and Most tender friendship I have the hon. to be, dear general Your most obedien⟨t⟩ humle Servan.

							Lafayette

						I Am told that the french are in a Great want of vegetables—I think it will be Agreable to them to forward theyr waggons and horses as much as possible.


Title: To George Washington from Abraham Skinner, 22 July 1780 [letter not found]
From: Skinner, Abraham
To: Washington, George

					Letter not found: from Abraham Skinner, 22 July 1780. On 24 July, GW wrote Skinner: “I have received Your Letter of the 22d Instant.”


Title: From George Washington to Major General Steuben, 22 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, baron von

						Sir
						Head Quarters near Passaic Falls July 22. 1780

					I have received your favor of the 18th Inst. and am pleased with the attention you are paying to the formation of the New-raised Troops of the State of New York.
					It will be best I think, to suspend the execution of the plan for forming three complete Companies of Light Infantry from the State Regiments to be joined to those furnished by the York line; until it is known how far the measure will be necessary, and whether it will not be more eligible in that case, to detach the men from their Officers & annex them to the Companies commanded by Continental Officers of that line—at present it may be necessary only to have in contemplation the most practicable & agreeable method of doing this if there should be occassion for it.
					Major Bradford will have directions to join and assist you in performing the duties of your Department. I am with great regard & esteem Your Most Obedient Servt

						Go. Washington

						P.S. I wish you to use every possible means for recovering the Arms which were in the hands of the Massachusetts troops last Campaign—for reasons I shall mention more particularly hereafter.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Steuben, 22 July 1780
From: Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, baron von
To: Washington, George

						Sir—
						West point 22d July 1780

					To avoid all disorders which may result from drawing by seperate Corps, I proposed in my last Letter to your Excellency, that the Light Infantry should draw nothing as a Seperate Corps, except their Rations, distributed by a Commissary Their Forage—by a Forage Master, and their Amuniton by a Conductor, who are to be appointed particularly for the Light Infantry—The Arms—Accoutrements, Camp Equipage, Cloathing, and even the Pay, will be furnished by each Regt, to which the Company belongs; for this purpose the Quarter Master of each Battallion of Light Infantry will keep Books & Accounts with the Quarter Masters of each Regiment to which the Company belongs.
					For Instance—the first Regiment of Pennsylvania, furnish’s one Company to the first Battallion of Light Infantry—then this Regiment furnish’s for its Company, one Horseman’s Tent, for the Officers, 8 Common Tents for the noncommissioned Officers, and Privates, 8 Camp Kettles, & the other Equipage in proportion, & the same with respect to the Cloathing &c.
					I submit to your Excellency whither it will not be necessary, to publish the Arrangement in General Orders, before the Batalions are formed; in order that the Chiefs of Departments, may be acquainted therewith.
					An other object before the formation of this Corps, is, to determine in which order, the Battalions are to be posted, in order of Battle, to avoid all disputes of Rank & posts of honor.
					By the inclosed arrangement the Geographical order, adopted in the Army, will be nearly complied with except the 3 Companies of New Hampshire, which are to be incorporated in a Battalion, with those of New York.
					The order will be thus—1st Batt. 8 Companis Pennsa 2 [Batt.] 4 Compans. Jersey. 2 of Hands & 2 of Starks 3 [Batt.] 2 Comps. of Clinton 3 of N.Y. State Regts 3 N. Hamshire 4 [Batt.] 8 Comps. Connecticut 5 [Batt.] 8 Comps. Massachuts 6 [Batt.] 8 Companies Massachusets.
					If you approve this Arrangement the first and second Battalions, will be composed out of the five Brigades, which are with your Excllency,

and the other Four will be formed out of the Eight Brigades here under General Howe.
					I have no doubt, but that the first Battalion of Light Infantry, furnished by the two Pennsylvania Brigades, can & will be properly composed—the Second furnish’d by the Brigade’s of Jersey, Hand, & Stark; may be equally so—and as for the four Battalions here, I will take all the pains in my power, to form them in such a manner as to meet your Excellency’s approbation.
					If it is possible my Dear Genl, that our whole Light Infantry, could be uniformly cloathed, in Linnen Hunting Shirts, and Overalls, and have small round Hatts, cocked up one side, & good sh⟨oes⟩ it would be the most convenient uniform for the season, & even for the appearance, that we can procure for them.
					I will give orders here, that all the Light Infantry shall be compleated with Bayonetts, and would be much obliged to your Excellency to have orders Issued to the same purpose, for those with you. I am with much esteem Your Excellency’s most Obedt humble Servant

						steuben


Title: To George Washington from Major Benjamin Tallmadge, 22 July 1780
From: Tallmadge, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

						Sir
						Veals Ford on Croton—July 22d 1780 9 oClock P.M.

					I have this moment recd the enclosed from the Cu[lpe]r’s, which I have the Honour to enclose to your Excellency & forward by Express to Genl Howe—Least the Intelligence of the Embarkation of Troops for the Eastward should not be recd from your Excellency at Rhode Island in season, I have forwarded that part of the Intelligence which respects the Destination of the British Fleet & Army Eastward, to Major Genl Heath.
					If any matters contained in the enclosed blank Letter from Cu. Junr should respect the plan of our future Correspondence (of which I lately wrote) should be obliged to Your Excellency for such Extracts as may be necessary. I have the Honour to be with great Esteem Your Excellency’s most Obedt Hble Servt

						Benja. Tallmadge

						P.S. The Letter from C. Junr is directed to Col. Floyd at Brook–Haven because he is a disaffected Person, & should the Bearer of that letter be

stopped & Searched nothing of importance could be discovered, as the letter appears to be on matters of business.

							B.T.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 22 July 1780
From: Wayne, Anthony
To: Washington, George

						Dear General
						Totowa [N.J.] 22nd July 1780

					In pursuance of the plan which your Excellency was pleased to adopt—the first & Second Pennsa Brigades with four pieces of Artillery belonging to Colo. Procters Regiment and Colo. Moylans Dragoons, took up their line of march on the 20th at 3. OClock P.M. & arrived a little in the rear of New Bridge at 9. in the Evening, moved again at One in the morning in order to Occupy the Ground in the Vicinity of Fort Lee & the Landing Opposite Kings Bridge—by the dawn of the day, and agreeable to the Inclosed order we advanced towards Bulls ferry, Genl Irvine with part of his Brigade along the Summit of the Mountain & the first Brigade under Colo. Humpton with the Artillery & Colo. Moylan’s horse on the common road, about 10. OClock part of the first Brigade had reached that place—Colo. Moylan with the horse and a Detachment of Infantry remained at the fork of the road leading to Paulus Hook & Bergen, to receive the Enemy if they attempted anything from that Quarter—on reconnoitring the Refugee post near Bulls ferry, we found it to consist of a Block house surrounded by an Abbatis & Stockade to the perpendicular Rocks next North River—with a kind of Ditch or parapet serving as a Covered way, by this time we could discover the Enemy in motion on York Island—which began to open a prospect of our plan taking full effect.
					Genl Irvine was directed to halt in a position from which he could move to any point where the Enemy should attempt to land—either in the Vicinity of this post or Fort Lee—where the 6th & 7th Regiments were previously concealed with Orders to wait the Landing of the Enemy—& then at the point of the bayonet—to dispute the pass in the Gorge of the Mountain at every expence of blood, until supported by Genl Irvine & the remainder of the troops.
					the first Regiment was posted in a hollow way on the north side the block house—& the 10th in an other hollow on the south, with orders to keep up a Constant fire into the port holes—to favor the advance of the Artillery—which was Covered by the second Regiment—when the field pieces arrived at the Medium distance of 60 Yards they Commenced a Constant fire which was returned by the Enemy & continued without Intermission from 11, until After 12, OClock—by that time we had expresses from Closter that the Enemy were Embarking their troops from Voluntines hill at Phillips Landing—we also saw many Vessels and boats moving up with troops from New York—which made it necessary to Relinquish a lesser for a much greater Object—i.e. drawing the Enemy over towards the posts already mentioned, and Deciding the fortune of

the day in the defiles thro’ which they must pass before they could gain possession of the strong Grounds.
					In the Interim we found that our Artillery had made but little Impression (altho’ well & Gallantly served) the metal not being of Sufficient weight to traverse the loggs of the Block house, but when the troops understood that they were to be drawn off—such was the Enthusiastic bravery of all ranks of Officers & men—that the first Regiment no longer capable of restraint—(rather than leave a post in their rear) rushed with Impetuosity over the Abbatis & advanced to the Stockades from which they were with difficulty withdrawn—altho’ they had no means of forcing an Entry—the contagion spread to the Second—but by very great efforts of the Officers of both Regiments they were at last restrained—not without the loss of some Gallant Officers Wounded, & some brave men killed—happy it was that the Ground would not admit of the further advance of the 10th Regiment—& that the Situation of Genl Irvines Brigade, prevented them from experiencing a loss proportioned to those Immediately Engaged—as the same Gallant spirit pervaded the Whole—which might be a means of frustrating Our main Object by Incumbering us with too many Wounded.
					the Artillery was therefore drawn off & forwarded towards the wished for point of Action—the Killed and Wounded were all moved away except three that lay dead under the Stockades. during this period Colo. Moylans horse drove the Cattle &ca from Bergen up towards the Liberty pole whilst a Detatchment of Infantry destroyed the Sloops & Wood boats at the Landing—in which were taken A Capt. & Mate with two Sailers—some others were killed whilst attempting to escape by swiming—having thus effected part of our plan—we pushed forward to oppose the troops from Voluntines hill that we expected to land at the nearest point to New Bridge—which if effected we were determined to drive them back or to cut our way thro’—but in this project we were Disappointed, the enemy thought proper to remain in a less hostile position—than that of the Jersy shore—we therefore passed the New Bridge & by easy Degrees returned to this place about an hour agoe.
					Inclosed is a Copy of the Orders of the 20th together with a return of the killed & Wounded—64 in Number among which are Lieuts Hammond & Crawford of the first & Lieut. De Hart of the 2nd all very Worthy officers the latter mortally Wounded.
					I cannot attempt to Discrimenate between Officers Regiments or Corps—who with equal Oppertunity would have acted with equal fortitude.
					should my Conduct & that of the troops under my Command meet your Excellency’s Approbation—it will much Alleviate the pain I

experience in not having it in my power to carry the Whole of the plan into Execution—which was only prevented by the most Malicious fortune. I have the honor to be with Singular Esteem Your Excellency’s most Obt & very Huml. Sert

						Anty Wayne


Title: General Orders, 23 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

						Head Quarters Pracaness Sunday July 23d 1780

							Parole.
							 CountersignsWatchword

					[Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Colonel Shreve[,] Brigade Major Ogden
					Two Battalions for manœuvring tomorrow from Maxwell’s and Stark’s brigades: General Hand to Command.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 23 July 1780
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

						Highlands [N.Y.] 2 o Clock in the Morng23d July 1780
						Dear sir

					While the Express was preparing to set off with mine Dated at 12 oClock, the inclosd Packet from major ⟨Ta⟩lmage arriv’d, which he sent by a Horseman and urges me to hasten to your Excellency in such a manner, that I conclude it to be important. I forgot to ⟨Write⟩ in my other letter that I had been inform’d that the Enemy had prevail’d upon many of the Inhabitiants of New york to go on Board their Fleet,

and that they had put on Board of the ships Detachments of Regulars to act as Marines, so that very probably they are fully man’d, an agent writes me that the Fleet of the Enemy Consists of two ships of Ninty Guns, three of 74, & four of 64, that Double wages was given to sea:men to inlist for one month, by which means three hundred were obtain’d in one day. That the Baggage of the Queens Rangers was sent to and arrivd at Oyster Bay on the 20th Instt And that the Regt was on its march to that place. When I ponder upon Every circumstance I have my Doubts whether the Enemy would Venture to Divest N. york of its Whole Fleet and of so much of its Army as would be sufficient to make success probable against our allies at Rhode Island, and when I add to this the consideration that it would not be a Bad manoeuvre to induce us to Detach a considerable part of our Force Eastward, I think that our movements require the utmost Caution I momentarily Expect farther Accts which shall be instantly Transmitted if important Enough to be worthy notice—but tho I Express my Doubts I must add that I have my Information from good hands. Our Quarter master is unfurnish’d with wax or wafers & I am out may I ask a few of your Excellency ’till I can be supplied I am Dear sir with the greatest Respect and Affection your Excellency’s Most obt hum. sert

						R. Howe


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 23 July 1780
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

						Dear sir
						Highlands [N.Y.] 23d July 1780

					I am exceedingly anxious to hear from your Excellency about the militia at Clavarac that I mention’d in my letter a day or two Since as I hear they are arriving there very fast. Colo. Hay tells me six thousand will take that Rout my accounts of cattle are not very Encouraging I must give the Purchasers a spur, and again Apply to the state of Connecticut.
					this casual Express gives me a moment to trouble you with these few lines. In great Haste but with Every sentiment of affection and Respect I am Dear sir Your Excellencys most obt hum. servt

						Robt Howe

						p.s. Sir Harry Clinton went down to new york a few nights since at midnight & a Large Council of War of General & Field officers has been held. The Enemy as I am informed have moved in preparition as it is said for the movement I wrote you about last night & this morning.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Francis Johnston, 23 July 1780
From: Johnston, Francis
To: Washington, George

						Sir

							July 23d 1780.

					I beg leave to inform Your Excellency, that my officers have not yet return’d from the respective Counties, I therefore cannot write with certainty, the number of Recruits wh. Your Excelly may expect to be rais’d in this way—The inclosed Letter from Governor Reed to me will however, in a great degree convince you, that our Line cannot be compleated in the present mode.
					To recruit men for the War appeard to me to be an object of great magnitude, I have therefore used every mean in my power to set it on foot, I am happy in informing Your Excelly that at length I have succeeded—It is now going on, & as an encouragement, each Soldier is to receive exclusive of his Lands, three half Johans by way of Bounty. however, until Harvest is over, but few men can be expected even in this way.
					I shou’d conceive that this business might be carried on briskly, on condition that a number of good Non commissioned Officers & good Music were sent on to the State. In a Day or two I shall forward to Your Excelly about 50 more Volunteers. I have the honor to be Your Excellys Most Obt Servt

						F: Johnston


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Maxwell, 23 July 1780
From: Maxwell, William
To: Washington, George

						Sir
						Pracaness 23d July 1780

					I took the liberty to write to Your Excellency on the 20th Inst. stating certain circumstances respecting my self and requesting my resignation through you from Congress, but upon the most mature consideration, I am persuaded the measure was premature as by it I eventually subscribe to the Justice of the allegations of my accusers—I therefore entreat that if Your Excellency has not forwarded my request to Congress that You would be pleased to permit me to withdraw it, and I shall consider myself amenable to a Court Martial for any misdemeanors

that may be imputed to me—If Your Excellency has transmited it to Congress I beg permission to go to Philadelphia. I am with much respect Your Excellencys Most Obedient Humble Servant

						Wm Maxwell


Title: General Orders, 24 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

						Head Quarters Pracaness Monday July 24th 1780

							Parole Farmington
							 Countersigns Greece, GoaWatchword Conquer.

					[Officers] For the day Tomorrow[:] Colonel Jackson[,] Brigade Major Van Läer
					The General Court martial whereof Colonel Butler is President, to assemble tomorrow morning Eight o clock at the place where they last sat.
					A Captain from the 4th regiment of Light Dragoons to attend the Court in the room of one of the Captains from Hand’s Brigade.
					The Men drafted for the Corps of Sappers and Miners agreeable to the order of the 22d Instant are to be sent to the Grand Parade tomorrow at Guard mounting.

						After Orders
						In Committee of Congress Camp Pracaness July 23d 1780.
						The Commander in Chief having laid before the Committee a letter to Him from the Honorable Jeremiah Powell President of the State of Massachusetts’ Bay of the 4th day of May last inclosing a copy of an Act of the Legislature of said State which is in the Words following (vizt)

						State of Massachusetts’ Bay.
						In the House of Representatives May 4th 80.
						Whereas the Regiment commanded by Colonel Henry Jackson rais’d by this State and considered by Congress as part of her Quota in the Continental Army have suffered many inconveniencies from their disarrangement in the Line of this State. Therefore.
						Resolved that the Regiment commanded by Colonel Henry Jackson in the Continental Army be and hereby are deemed and considered to belong to the line of the State of Massachusetts’ Bay in said Army and

shall for the future be entitled to receive all benefits and Advantages arising to the said line and that the Major part of the Council be desired to address a Letter to his Excellency General Washington requesting Him to arrange and Number the said Regiment in the line of the said State according to their Rank. Sent up for Concurrence[.] John Hancock Speaker. In Council May 4th 1780[.] Read and Concurred[.] John Avery Deputy Secretary[.] Consented to by the Major part of the Council[.] True copy[.] Attest John Avery Depy Secy.
						Resolved By and with the advice of the Commander in Chief that the regiment commanded by Colonel Henry Jackson one of the Additional Corps be and is hereby annexed to the Massachusetts Line in the Continental Army and shall hence forth be considered and called the 16th regiment in the Massachusetts line of Continental Troops. Provided that nothing herein contained shall be considered or taken to be a credit to the State of Massachusetts bay for more of the non commissioned officers and Soldiers than were Citizens of that State at the time of their Engagement in said corps. (Signed) Phil: Schuyler[,] John Matthews[,] Nath: Peabody.
						In Committee of Congress Camp Pracaness July 23d.
						The Commander in Chief having laid before the Committee an Act of the State of Connecticut which is in the Words following to wit
						At a General Assembly of the Governor and Company of the State of Connecticutt in America holden at Hartford on the 2d Thursday of May Anno Domini 1780.
						Upon the Memorial of Ebenezer Huntington Esqr. Lieutenant Colonel Commandant of the Battalion of the Army of the United States raised in this State of which Samuel B. Webb Esqr. now a prisoner of War is Colonel shewing to this Assembly that although said Battalion hath received Bounties refreshments and all allowance as the eight Battalions raised in this State have had and received notwithstanding they have not been explicitly adopted by this State and added to their Line in the aforesaid Army which is inconvenient to this State and to said Battalion as ⅌ Memorial on file.
						Resolved by this Assembly that the aforesaid Battalion in the Army of the United States raise’d in this State and commanded by Samuel B. Webb Esqr. as Colonel be and the same is adopted claimed and declared to be one of the Battalions of this State in the Army of the United States and of the Connecticutt line in the said Army, and the Congress of the United States and the Commander in Chief of their Army are desired to consider said battalion as being part of the line of this State in said Army and to order and treat them as such accordingly. a true Copy of record[.] George Wyllys Secy.
						Resolved By and with the advice of the Commander in Chief that the

regiment whereof Samuel B. Webb Esqr. is Colonel now commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Ebenezer Huntington & one of the additional Corps be and hereby is annexed to the Connecticutt line in the Continental Army and shall henceforth be considered and called the 9th Regiment in the Connecticutt line of the Continental Troops. Provided that nothing herein contained shall be considered or taken to be a Credit to the State of Connecticutt for more of the noncommissioned officers and Soldiers than were Citizens of that State at the time of their Engagement, in said Corps. [(Signed)] Phil. Schuyler[,] John Matthews[,] Nat. Peabody.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Elias Dayton, 24 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Dayton, Elias

						Head Quarters Colo. Deys [Preakness, N.J.]July 24th 1780
						Sir,

					I have been for some days past under apprehensions for the safety of your Regiment—It is certainly too much exposed in its present position—I therefore desire that you will remove it some distance into the Country where it may be less exposed and yet answer the purposes for which it was sent into the neighbourhood of Elizabeth Town—It appears to me that West Farms would be a good position as I observed in my letter of the 10th—When you have given the necessary orders for this purpose, you will proceed to Head Quarters—but, before you set off, I wish you to leave such directions with your Son as will enable him to carry on the train of intelligence you are now engaged in. I am Sir Your Most Obet hum. Servt

						Go: Washington

						N.B. The Business of Flags should also be well attended to—to prevent abuses.

							G. W——n


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General John Fellows, 24 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Fellows, John

						Sir
						Head Quarters Bergen County 24 July 1780

					I am just now favd with yours of the 22d. I had, previous to the Receipt of it, been informed by Genl Howe that the Militia from New Hampshire and Massachusetts were beginning to come in to Claverac and that there were no Magazines formed there for their subsistence. Upon this I desired him to order them down to Fishkill as fast as they arrived, but immediately to throw such a supply into Claverac as would serve them the short time they were to halt there. I do not believe that the difficulties you have met with on the score of provision have been owing to any other causes than that general derangement which had pervaded all our departments, and which will not be again be put into proper train untill the supplies demanded of the States come in regularly and fully—I have again repeated my request to Genl Howe and have written to Colo. Hay the purchasing Agent for the State of New York to make every preparation in his power for the reception of the Levies at Claverac—I therefore hope that matters will in a little time be put upon a better footing. I do not know how it has happened that the State of New Hampshire made no provision for their troops further than Worcester, as Claverac was assigned for their place of rendezvous. I am &.


Title: To George Washington from William Greene, 24 July 1780
From: Greene, William
To: Washington, George

						Sir,
						Newport July 24th 1780.

					Agreeable to the Resolution of the General Assembly of this Day, I am directed to inform Your Excellency that early in the Session, the General Assembly took up the matter of sending forward the Militia by the 25th instant agreeable to your Requisition for that Purpose, but it was thought most adviseable to postpone the sending them forward until the further Order of your Excellency, by reason that the British Fleet consisting of about 18 Sail 9 of which Capital Ships have been for two or three Days and now are in sight of Our Harbour: The Assembly have pass’d a Resolve for raising 630 effective Men for three Months from the Time of their arriving at the Place of Rendezvous assign’d them, by classing them in the different Towns, and in Case they are not furnished by the Classes within a limited Time they are to be detachd from the different Classes, until the whole Number is completed, and are to be held in readiness to march at a Minutes Warning, and not to be upon Pay until order’d to march to the Place of Rendezvous, and whenever your Excellency shall transmit your Orders they shall be immediately detach’d and march’d forward to such Place as shall be assign’d. I have the Honor to be Sir Your Excellencys Most Obedt and very Hble Servt

						W. Greene

						P.S. nearly the whole of this States Quota of the Six Months Men are now on Duty under the Command of Colo. Greene and ready to march when call’d for.


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Udny Hay, 24 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Hay, Udny

						Dr sir,
						Head Quarters [Preakness] 24 July 1780

					I received your favor of the 21st this morning.
					With respect to its contents, I have directed Major Genl Howe to order on the Massachusetts & New Hampshire Militia as they shall arrive, to Fish kill, or the most eligible place in its vicinity on either side the river—I have also directed as claverac is considered as a place of rendezvous, to have a small deposit of provisions at this post for temporary purposes. I am Dr Sr Yr &c.

						G. W——n


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Udny Hay, 24 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Hay, Udny

						Dr Sir
						Head Quarters [Preakness, N.J.] 24th July 1780

					Since writing you of this date, mentioning the necessity of a deposit of provision at Claverac, for temporary purposes, I have received information through General Fellows, that the militia are put to the utmost inconvenience and distress, by not finding a supply at this place of general rendezvous. I have therefore to request your instant and most effectual exertions, for procuring a supply, and in depositing it there. On many accounts it requires immediate attention. I have written Gen: Howe on this subject. If you find, that the militia which are at Claverac and expected could have a conveyance down by water, you will be pleased to take the necessary steps to this end. I am Dr Sir Your.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 24 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

						Dr Sir
						Head Quarters Bergen County 24 July 1780

					I have been regularly favored with your several letters, two of the 22d and two of the 23d instant.
					The intelligence I have received from different quarters is of the same nature as that of yours, and speaks of an embarkation destined against our allies at Rhode Island. The communications which you made to Major General Heath, on this subject, were very proper, whether the enemy mean only demonstration for the purpose of delaying our measures, or for serious operations in that quarter.
					You will be pleased to order forward the militia from New-Hampshire & Massachusetts, arrived and arriving at Claverac, either to Fish-kill or the most eligible situation in its vicinity on either side the river. However as Claverac is considered as a place of rendezvous for the militia—it will be expedient to have a small deposit of provision at this post for temporary purposes.
					I wish you immediately to put the troops under your command under orders to march at the shortest notice, and to concert measures with the quarter master to give the order efficiency as soon as its execution becomes necessary. Pray inform me whether the arms from Albany have arrived, and in what number. I am S.

						G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Abraham Skinner, 24 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Skinner, Abraham

						sir
						Head Qrs [Preakness, N.J.] July 24th 1780

					I have received Your Letter of the 22d Instant, inclosing a Copy of one from Mr Loring, the British Commissary of prisoners of the 19th. I find by his Letter that the En⟨em⟩y intend now, or at least wish to effect it, if they can, to connect the exchange of our officers and privates, prisoners at New York & Long Island, and to make the release of the former depend on that of the latter. This is evidently the Object at which they now aim. It is inadmissible and what I will not accede to. Exchanges, from the first that took place between us to ⟨the⟩ present time, have been conducted on a very different principle and it was never attempted in any case before to combine the release of officers & Men together, except in the instance of the Convention Troops; and the propositions contained in Mr Loring’s Letter of the 12th of June, whatever communications he may have thought it necessary to give since, are separate & distinct with respect to the business, and do not hint in the most distant manner, at any relation between them. You are therefore to govern Yourself entirely by his proposition of the 21st of June & by my Letter of the 12th Instant, with respect to the Officers.
					as to the privates, prisoners in New York about whose exchange the Enemy appear solicitous at present, it might be remarked that humanity required the measure much more strongly, when it was proposed & urged on our part on the 3d of February—and that they thought proper then to decline it and not to give any Answer upon the subject till the 6th of May. But waiving all consideration of the motives, which induced them then to decline, what they now would accede to, You may ascertain with Mr Loring, and obtain fro⟨m⟩ him Lists of such as are really prisoners of War—whom we shall deem as such & fit subjects of exchange. This will be a good & necessary preliminary step & such as will facilitate their release.
					In consequence of directions I have just received for the purpose, You will propos⟨e⟩ to Mr Loring to exchange Any Brigadier General belonging to them in our hands, for Brigadier Genl du portail, who was taken at Charles Town, and if the propositio⟨n⟩ is agreed to, You will take immediate measures for releasing the Officer given on our part; and will obtain an Order for the liberation of Genl du portail and for his safe conduct to philadelphia, or some part of Jersey, if Sir Henry Clinton will indulge him with a passage by Water, or if not till he arrives at such place in North Carolina as the General may mentio⟨n⟩.
					As Lt Genl Burgoyne is not with the Convention Troops—and the Enemy ha⟨ve⟩ no Officers of ours of his rank to exchange for him; and as they have several of our Colonels, prisoners to them, who can never

be exchanged on the principle of equal rank; I wish You to propose, for the mutual relief of the parties, his exch[ange] for our Colonels, as far as it may ext⟨end⟩ according to the tariff or grades ⟨which⟩ were discussed & thought reasonable by ⟨our⟩ respective Commissioners when at Amboy last; beginning first with the Officers of this rank, prisoners in this quarter after reserving one to be exchanged for Colonel Cockler, and extending it to the relief of those in the Continental line, prisoners at the Southward, as far as it will reach, according to the seniority of their capture & where this is equal the dates of Commission must govern.
					There were Two Officers of the name of Robinson, Sons of Colo. Robinson, taken at Stony point—You will permit them to go to New York on parole & remain till called for or exchanged. I am sir Yr Most Obedt sert

						Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major Benjamin Tallmadge, 24 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Tallmadge, Benjamin

						Dear Sir
						Head Quarters Bergen County 24th July 1780

					I yesterday recd your favr of the 22d with letters from the Culpers inclosed. I return you a Copy of that from Culper junr by which it appears that he does not incline to continue the correspondence.
					The old Gentleman may perhaps have it in his power now and then to give intelligence which may be material—You will therefore be pleased to desire him to communicate any matters which appear important—such as the sailing of Troops—arrivals of reinforcements of Ships or Men—or any considerable change of the disposition of the enemy’s force. I am Dear Sir Your most obt Servt

						Go: Washington

						P.S. I shall, by the first safe opportunity send you some Money.


Title: To George Washington from Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 24 July 1780
From: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.
To: Washington, George

						Dear Sir
						Lebanon [Conn.] 24th July 1780—4 O Clo. P.M.

					Your letter of the 7th instant came to hand this afternoon—Majr Murnan came to Stamford, worked there some time—the beginning of last week he came to me. On advice it was judged best for him to come to Connecticut River—to carry on the work at Chatham and Hadlime on the East side, and Chester on the West side the river—and orders were

given to 979 of the militia raised for three months to march to those places, and proceed on the work to make fascines &c. under direction of the Majr till further orders. Some moved on the latter end of the week—the rest will go forward this day. The remainder of the 1520 men of the militia are ordered to rendezvous at Danbury.
					The Marquiss De La Fayette and Mr Washington breakfasted with me yesterday morning—had a conference with him on the subjects of cloathing—arms, ammunition—and officer’s cloathing for the Connecticut Line—The substance of which he wrote Your Excellency, and was sent forward directly.
					You will observe that the powder is carried to the extent of what could possibly be collected in the State—Our powder mills, two of them, are at work—Col. Woodbridge’s on Connecticut River is exhausted of stock. This day sent to him to go to Springfield for sulphur and petre, if to be had there, otherwise to get sulphur, and send to Windham for petre, and to go on without delay. The Marquiss left me about noon—within half an hour after, had intelligence that 15 or 16 British ships appeared off, near Block Island friday afternoon. This morning received M. General Heath’s letter, dated 20th July 11 O. Clo. P.M. giving the following intelligence—viz.—“This afternoon fifteen or sixteen British ships of war have appeared off this harbour to the East of Block-Island; more than half of them are supposed to be ships of the line. From some late intelligence it is very probable that the ships under Admiral Graves have joined those under Admiral Arbuthnot, which will make the British fleet rather superior. Their design may be to block up Admiral De Ternay, and if possible, intercept the expected second division of our allies. From appearances just at sunset the fleet were coming to under Block Island.”
					The cloathing, arms and ammunition from the French Fleet must now be sent to Providence, and carted from thence.
					A letter of this day from Mr Shaw informs—That this morning Colo. Ledyard’s Boat arrived from Plumb Island—brings intelligence that there was 100 sail of transports at White stone, and 10,000 troops ready to embark last thursday. I am, with every sentiment of Esteem Your Excellency’s Most Obedient humble Servant Jonth; Trumbull


Title: General Orders, 25 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

						Head Quarters Pracaness Tuesday July 25th 80

							Parole Dartmouth
							 Countersigns Drum DeeWatchword Remember

					[Officers] For the Day Tomorrow[:] Colonel Angell[,] Brigade Major Ogden

						After Orders
						Major Thomas L. Moore is appointed a Member of the General Court Martial whereof Colonel Butler is President vice Major Edwards going on Command.


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 25 July 1780
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

						Dear General
						Newport July 25th 1780

					Nothing of consequence has transpired Since I had the honor last to write you, The British Fleet continue off the harbour Some times at anchor, at other times cruizing. Yesterday afternoon I counted twelve Sail principally large Ships at anchor, and four Sail of Frigates and Sloops of war cruizing, the former to the east of Block Island, the latter between that place and point Judith, their intention undoubtedly is to block up the Squadron under the Command of Monsieur de Ternay, intercept the expected Second division of our allies, cut off all Supplies by water, and impede the operations of the Campaign, and I fear without the arrival of a further naval force, they have laid an embargo on the Squadron now here.
					The Marquiss de la Fayette arrived here the last evening, universal Joy was difused throughout the Camp. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect your Excellencys most Obedient Servant

						W. Heath

						P.S. The Troops which put into Boston arrived here last night by the way of Providence. Enclosed is a return of the platform plank at this place belonging to the public.
						upon the appearance of the British Fleet Standing in for this place, I ordered Colo. Greenes Regiment and the recruits for the Rhode Island Line, who were under orders to march to the Army, to take Post at Howlands, and Bristol Ferry, But⟨ts⟩-hill, and the Dock where our Flat Boats lay, This gave great Satisfaction to Count Rochambeau, who under present appearances is very earnest to have them remain a few Days longer for the Security of the Ferry Flat Boats &c. The Marquiss is of the Same Opinion.

							W.H.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Jedediah Huntington, 25 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Jedediah

						Sir
						Head Quarters [Preakness, N.J.] July 25th 1780

					Application has been made to me on the part of Capt. Perkins of the first Connecticut Regt for a discharge from the service—It must occur to the reflection of every person acquainted with military service, that the present time is exceedingly improper for such applications. Besides I am informed that Capt. Perkins has already left the Continent, or is about it, having obtained a Vessel for the purpose. This appears to be a very extraordinary step, previous to obtaining leave for resignation—For these reasons I cannot think of granting his request, unless you should conceive there is great occassion for it. I am Sir Your Most Obedt Hble Servt

						Go. Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major Henry Lee, Jr., 25 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Henry Jr.

						Dear Sir
						Head Quarters [Preakness, N.J.] 25th July 1780

					I have recd yours of the 23d Inst. by which it appears as if the British Fleet were plying off and on—The dispatches which were lodged in Monmouth for Count Rochambeau and Monsieur Ternay are no longer of use there—You will therefore be pleased to take them up from Genl Forman, if they are in his hands, and either send them to me by an Officer, if one is coming this way, or keep them with you, till you meet with me again. I am &.

						P.S. Upon recollection the dispatches contain some Maps which are wanted. You will therefore send them by an Officer, if no opportunity, on which you can perfectly depend, offers.


Title: To George Washington from Major Henry Lee, Jr., 25 July 1780
From: Lee, Henry Jr.
To: Washington, George

						sir
						Shrewsbarry [N.J.] 25th July 1780

					Admiral Arbuthnot after many maneuvres off & on, has at length moved with his fleet towards Rhode-island & Sir Henry Clinton is preparing to push up the sound with an army.
					I have reced your Excllys let. of the 24th.
					I shall arrange matters here, & commit the execution of them to Cap. Rudulph, & pursue my route to Easton.
					I hope my orders may meet me there, as I wish to expedite the business, not only as it tends to the good of the army, but as it will relei⟨v⟩e me from a tour of duty which is foreign to the employment I could wish to be engaged in. I have the honor to be sir with the most perfect respect your Excellencys most ob. h. sert

						Henry Lee Junr


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant General Rochambeau, 25 July 1780
From: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de
To: Washington, George

						Monsieur.
						A Newport, Le 25. Juillet 1780

					J’avoue a votre Excellence que si L’ennemi eut été plus vif a son arrivée, il nous eut un peu embarrassé, 1500 malades sur La flotte, 800 des Troupes de terre, quelque artillerie de campagne debarquée, pas un canon de siege, qui etoient au fond des calles. Nous fimes des Demonstrations de Troupes, ils nous donnerent 24. heures, 8 pieces de siege, 4. mortiers furent mis en batterie au Goulet, Dix pieces de La Providence debarquées et placées a Connenicut, Des Troupes que j’y fis passer pour renforcer celles de La Marine, 200. hommes que j’envoyai au Ch. de Ternay sur Les vaisseaux pour aider a ses equipages. Avant hier, ils vinrent tout le jour, nous renifler a grande portée de canon, et mouillerent La nuit a L’ouverture du Goulet. au moment ou nous desirions Le plus instamment d’etre attaqués, ils s’en sont donnés de garde, et ont bien fait, parce qu’il n’y faisoit pas bon pour eux. ils se sont eloignés hier, et mouillent par Le travers de Block island, ayant toujours un vaisseau et 2. Fregates en panne a nous observer, Nous avons reconnu Les cinq vaisseaux que nous avons combattu aux Bermudes. ils en ont onze de Ligne, dont un de 50. Le reste Fregates ou Cutters, en tout 19 voiles. La Fayette arrive dans Le moment et m’apporte Les depeches de votre Excellence. Je suis avec respect, Monsieur, De votre Excellence, Le tres humble et tres obeissant Serviteur

						le Cte de Rochambeau


Title: General Orders, 26 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

						Head Quarters Pracaness Wednesday July 26th 1780.

							Parole Parma
							 Countersigns F BWatchword Circumspect

					[Officers] For the day Tomorrow[:] Lieutenant Colonel North[,] Brigade Major Bradford
					Instead of the light Infantry directed by the order of the 16th instant the 1st and 3d pennsylvania regiments will furnish a company of rifle men each of forty two rank and file—If these regiments have not the number of riflemen requisite the deficiency is to be drawn from the other regiments of that line and the aforemention’d regiments will furnish an equal number of men to the others in Exchange. Major Parr will take command of these two Companies and will take immediate measures for preparing Arms and Accoutrements.
					Robert Thomas Johnson Richards was tried at a General Court Martial whereof Colonel Richard Butler is President for “Being a Spy” The Court are of opinion the Charge is not supported and do acquit him. He is to be released from Confinement.
					At the same Court Wait Warden and Ebenezer Hill of the 1st Connecticut regiment were tried for stealing a barrel of flour from Commissary Gamble: found Guilty of a breach of Article 5 Section 18 of the Articles of War and sentenced to receive one hundred lashes each on their bare backs.
					Lieutenant Bonham of the 1st Jersey regiment was tried at the same Court on the following Charge vizt “That from inattention or other misconduct he suffer’d John Quail and Daniel Diamond, two prisoners, to escape, the latter a prisoner of War.”
					The Court do acquit Lieutenant Bonham of inattention and misconduct with respect to the escape of the prisoners mention’d in the Charge against him.
					The Commander in Chief approves the acquittal Lieutenant Bonham is releas’d from Arrest.
					The sentences against Warden and Hill are confirm’d and order’d to be put in execution tomorrow morning at Guard mounting on the Grand Parade.


Title: From George Washington to General Henry Clinton, 26 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, Henry

						sir
						Head qrs [Preakness, N.J.] July the 26th 1780

					Your Excellency’s dispatches on the subject of the Troops of Convention have been received. I am exceedingly obliged by the favourable sentiments You are pleased to entertain of my disposition towards prisoners, and I beg leave to assure You, Sir, that I am sensible of the treatment, which those under your direction have generally experienced. There is nothing more contrary to my wishes, than that Men in captivity should suffer the least unnecessary severity or want and I shall take immediate occasion to transmit a Copy of the Report You inclosed (the truth of which I can neither deny or admit) to the Commandant at Charlotte ville, with orders to inquire into the facts, and to redress wherever there may be grievances. At the same time that I will not pretend to controve⟨rt⟩ the justice of the matters complained of by Mr Hoakley (the Report transmitted being the first & only communication I have had with respect to them) I cannot but think the terms of General Phillips’s Letter to Your Excellency, rather exceptionable, and that this Gentleman’s own experience and good understanding might have led to a more favourable and just interpretation than the one he has been pleased to make upon the occasion. I have the Honor to be with respect Yr Excellency’s Most Obedt servant

						Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to General Henry Clinton, 26 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, Henry

						Sir
						Head qrs [Preakness, N.J.] July 26th 1780

					I have been duly honoured with Your Excellency’s Letter of the 19th Instant, and am pleased to find that the proposition I had the honor of communicating to General Knyphausen and afterwards to Your Excellency on the 5th of this month, for mutually appointing Agents for

prisoners has met your approbation. I should have been happy if You had delineated in your Letter, your ideas at least, of the powers & restrictions under which they are to act; but not having done it, I beg leave to offer the inclosed propositions on this head for your consideration and to request your Answer to them, as soon as it may be convenient, with any additional ones Your Excellency may think proper to subjoin.
					It will be perfectly agreable for the Agent to be appointed on your part, to reside at Lancaster, as Your Excellency has proposed, which will also be made the place of Confinement for the privates, prisoners of War in our hands, as far as circumstances will reasonably permit. I have the Honor to be with great respect Sir Your Most Obedt servant

						Go: Washington