Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Jebb, 11 October 1780
From: Jebb, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

London, Oct. 11, 1780.
The consciousness of a sincere desire to promote the interests of human kind, as far as my confined abilities and humble station will permit, induce me to give you my sentiments upon a subject which, I have no doubt, is ever present to your thoughts. Excuse the presumption; the intention is honest; let this consideration compensate for the want of every other qualification. Independent in my principles and unconnected with party, I speak those sentiments, which circumstances appear to me to dictate, and I speak them without reserve.
A federal union between America and England, upon the broad basis of mutual convenience, appears to me a point of so much consequence, that I cannot conceive, in the present circumstances, how either country can fully enjoy the means of happiness, which indulgent Providence has poured forth on each with so much profusion, unless such union immediately take place.
I also am persuaded, that the present war, between this country and the House of Bourbon, is of so peculiar a kind, that no solid reason can be assigned for its continuance, a moment after America and England shall cordially agree upon a termination of their dispute.
It is obviously for the advantage of England, that America should employ her manufacturers, and that her fleets should have free access to the shores, from whence she derived those various sources of strength, which enabled her so long to reign the unrivalled mistress of the deep.
On the other hand, the rising States of America, wisely intent on such measures, as tend to increase their population, and perfect those forms of civil polity, which, at the same time that they promise internal security and happiness, will probably establish an asylum for the rest of mankind, must derive considerable advantage from the free importation of those articles, which, in their present circumstances, they cannot with convenience manufacture themselves.
And why should England envy to France and Spain, nay, to all the world, that portion of trade, whatever that be, which suits the circumstances of each power; and from which all deriving the sources of rational enjoyment would, perhaps, remain in the same ratio as at present, with respect to relative strength?
How strange therefore to persevere in an appeal to arms, when neutral interest, and the ties of blood; the sameness of religion, language, and laws, so loudly call for peace! We might reasonably have hoped, that in the course of eighteen centuries the gospel of peace might have suggested to us a more rational mode of terminating our contests.
As it never was the interest, so neither was it in fact the inclination of the English people, to break the bonds of union with their American brethren, until seduced thereto by the arts of designing men. Their motives I leave to themselves—they will be revealed in their day.
Had the English people been equally represented in an annual Parliament, that Parliament, acting in strict conformity with the interests of its constituents, would have seen that every consideration required, that the bond of union between the countries should be preserved inviolate.— It would have perceived, that those restrictions, which were the offspring of the occasion, or suggested by narrow systems of policy, ought to have been removed, the moment that they occasioned the first murmur of complaint.— But unhappily for England, the love of arbitrary sway so far operated upon those, who most are exposed to its temptations, as to engage them in the desperate measure of deluding one half of the empire, in order to subjugate the rest.
The period of this delusion, however, is now rapidly advancing to its termination.— Calamity has brought home the perception of the consequences, attendant upon national error, to every private breast.— It has taught us wisdom—and has begun to humanise our hearts.— The many are now ready to exclaim, in the expressive language of scripture, “We are verily guilty concerning our brother, in that we saw the anguish of his soul when he besought us, and we would not hear; therefore is this evil come upon us.”
But although the people are disposed to accommodation, a mighty power continues to oppose itself to the general wish.
And were the aristocratic strength of our constitution to prevail in its conflict with that power, I am far from being satisfied, that a general and permanent pacification would be the result.
The restoration of the English constitution to its primeval purity, appears to be an essential preliminary to an honorable and lasting peace.
Peace and war are relations which the inhabitants of different countries stand in to each other. In this sense the people of America are not at war with the people of England. The latter having lost their power of self-government are merely the instruments of administration. The present war is a war between the people of America and the administration of this country. Were the inhabitants of this country restored to their elective rights, and other constitutional franchises, a state of peace would immediately ensue.
Upon this idea alone can America have a proper security for the due observance of that solemn compact, which I should rejoice to see established between my native country, and her free and independent states.
The supporters of the septennial bill, at the time that ruinous and unconstitutional measure took place, strongly insisted upon the advantage that would ensue from that increased confidence, which foreign nations would thenceforth repose in us, on account of the consequent stability of our public counsels.
Experience has shown this measure to have been founded in policy the most unwise.
Reason surely dictates, that the confidence, which nations repose in each other’s public counsels, must be the greatest, when the agents speak the real sentiments of their constituent bodies.
It is also to be considered, that the changes of sentiment, in the constituent body of the nation, must unavoidably be gradual, as general interest, always slowly unveiling itself, shall direct. Whereas the agent, who has a permanent estate in his office, will vary his conduct in conformity to the quick revolutions of those numerous temptations, to which views of private interest, and prospects of power hourly expose him.
For England therefore to be free, and to regain the confidence of nations, her parliaments must be free and independent: and the same measure which gives independency to the English parliament, will, under God’s providence, restore to us peace with America and with all the world.
I write not thus, induced thereto solely from an attachment to my native soil—the world is my country—and the region which is the seat of freedom has in my eyes charms more attractive than my native soil. I write not thus from an attachment to a favorite measure, but from a full conviction that such a preliminary as I have mentioned, being inserted in every proposition for peace on the part of America, would lay a lasting foundation for that peace—and would be a perpetual security that the independence, which America so justly claims, and in the establishment of which every nation under Heaven is interested, would never be brought into question to the end of time.
The sum and substance of what I urge is this— That as a more equal representation of the English people, in annual parliaments, is a point essential to the restoration of our freedom; it is equally essential, as a foundation for a federal union with the American states.
After all—the changes in the affairs of men, whether they be revolutions in the fortunes of nations, or of individuals, are in the hands of Providence; and are directed by its resistless power to the general good. That good will finally prevail, whatever the hearts and heads of politicians may devise. The only differences will be, a difference in the time and manner in which the ends of providence are brought to pass; and a difference in the final fate of those who are employed as the means of their accomplishment.
The fell destroyers of their species shall see their measures, though planned with Machiavelian policy, and for a time successful, finally abortive—failing in the attainment of the evil wished for, and productive of the good they hate.
On the contrary, if virtue, honor, zeal for the interests of our country and of human kind form the outline of the character, the agent of heaven will be renowned in his day; and long futurity, through every successive age, shall impart increase of glory. The joys of self-complacency shall gild the evening of his days. They will also be the earnest of an happiness which will know no bounds.
John Jebb.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jean de Neufville & fils, 12 October 1780
From: Neufville, Jean de, & fils
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honourd Sir
Amsterdam the 12th. Oct: 1780.
Since our last respects to your Excellency, we have only now to mention, that of the bills on Mr. Laurens we gott yesterday seven more to the Amount of Three thousand eight hundred and fifty Gilders, for which we have promisd an Answer by the return of the maill, and your Excellency will find us ready to Accept of them and any others, as we only wish now fr. her comands.
May we begg leave Honourd Sir by this opportunity to enquire about John Searle Esqr. Whome we heard to be in France and even by some report to have been in Amsterdam, we have some conections with his Mercantile House at Madeira, Which he probabely will not be Acquainted with though relating to American Correspondance, so we wished (?) to pay our Respects to him or in person or by Letter, the more as a Gentleman of his Caracter we should be glad to be acquainted with him, and your Excellency procuring us those means will encrease our obligations to her, [word illegible] as we have the honour to be with all respectfull Regard. Honourd Sir Your Excellencys most devoted and most obedient humble Servant,
John De Neufville AND Son

Notation: Ansd the 26th. Oct. 1780


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Paul Jones, 13 October 1780
From: Jones, John Paul
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honored & dear Sir
Ariel, L’Orient Octr. 13. 1780.
When I had the honor of writing to your Excellency the 23. Ult. I hoped about the end of this Month to have set foot on the Continent beyond the Atlantic. The prospect changed however, immediately after I had sent away my dispatches, and Prudence bid me again drop Anchor at Groix.— The within Declaration of my Officers will explain, in some degree, the difficulties I have since met with. My Heart tells me I have done my Best, however Unfortunate I have been. I can give you no Just Idea of the terrible Storm of the 8 & 9th.—part of it exceeded my Utmost conception of Tempest and of Ship Wreck; and I believe no Ship was ever before Saved from an equal Danger off the point of the Penmark Rocks.— I owe the warmest thanks to the Spirited and Unremitting assistance of my Officers, who beheaved with a steady composed Courage that does them the highest Honor; and I have no fault to find with the conduct of any person under my Command: They all beheaved remarkably Well. The Gentlemen Passengers shewed a manly Spirit and true greatness of Mind, even when Death in all its pomp stared them in the Face, and I am sure not one among them ever expected to See a returning Sun.
I have been with my good friend the Commandant of the Marine, M. le Chr. de Thevenard; he has already given Orders to make a set of New Masts and Sails to replace those we have lost, and that work goes on with all possible dilligence.— We will loose no time in examining the situation of the public Stores and if any of them are damaged the necessary steps will be taken by Mr. Moylan and myself for their preservation.— The Lugger is arrived here Dismasted, and the Brig Luke is in a small river in Quiberon Bay; having followed an English Twenty Gun Ship that had been given up by the Captain and Officers to the prisoners for the preservation of Lives.— The Duke of Linster is not yet heard of, and I have great fears for Mr. Ross. I am, in all changes of good or bad Fortune, with an Affection and respect proceeding from the Heart Your Excellencies’ most Obliged and most humble Servant
Jno P Jones
His Excellency B. Franklin Esquire American Minister at the Court of France &c &c.

Notation: J.P. Jones 13 Oct. 1780


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Sartine: Two Letters, 13 October 1780
From: Sartine, Antoine-Raymond-Gualbert-Gabriel de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

I.
A Versailles le 13. 8bre. 1780.
Je m’empresse, Monsieur, ainsi que vous me le demandez par la Lettre que vous m’avez fait l’honneur de m’écrire le 6. de ce mois de donner ordre à l’Intendant de la Marine à Brest de faire expedier des Passeports pour les Prisonniers Anglois conduits en France par des Corsaires Americains et detenus à St. Omer, Je lui recommande d’exiger d’eux des Certificats qui constatent que la liberté ne leur a été accordée qu’a titre d’Echange.
J’ai l’honneur d’etre avec la Consideration la plus distinguée, Monsieur, Votre très humble et très obeissant Serviteur,
(signé) De Sartine.
M. Franklin.

II.
Paris le 13. 8bre. 1780.
Je n’ai point Connoissance, Monsieur, que les Prisonniers Anglois qui ont été conduits à la Martinique par des Bâtimens Americains et qui doivent repasser en France, soient arrivés dans le Royaume, aussitot que je serai instruit de leur arrivée je m’empresserai de donner des ordres pour qu’ils soient renvoyés en Angleterre, et remis au Capitaine d’un Navire Parlementaire Anglois qui en donnera une reconnoissance que j’aurai soin de vous adresser.
J’ai l’honneur d’etre avec la Consideration la plus distinguée, Monsieur, votre tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur,
(signé) De Sartine


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Comtesse de La Rouërie, [after 13 October 1780]
From: La Rouërie, Thérèse de la Belinaye, comtesse de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

[after October 13, 1780]
Une mere dont l’inquietude ne peut s’exprimer, suplie Monsieur franckin, de vouloir bien lui apprendre le sort du Colonel Armand, son fils, qui sert dans l’armée amériquaine et dont elle n’a eu aucune nouvelle depuis l’affaire de Camden, ou, elle à appris par les papiers publics qu’il étoit, sous les ordres du Général Gates.

Notation: La mere du Colonel Armand


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Adams, 14 October 1780
From: Adams, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir,
Amsterdam October 14th. 1780.
The Extracts of Letters You was so good as to send me, have been inserted in the Papers, and I should be obliged to You, for future Communications of the same kind.
Notwithstanding the flow of Spirits, and the vigorous Exertions of our Countrymen this Year, I am sorry to say I cannot see a prospect of any thing decisive this Campaign. The fatal defect in the plan of the Campaign in not sending a sufficient number of Ships with M. de Ternay, or soon after him, will render abortive all the great Exertions, and immense Expences of the Year.
And at the same time Cornwallis will spread too much devastation at the Southward, where the want of numbers of Whites, the great numbers of Blacks, and above all the want of Discipline and Experience, will make the People long unhappy and unfortunate.
The ill luck of Carolina pursues her Citizens even to Sea, and to Europe I think. Can nothing be done for the Relief of Mr. Laurens? Will You be so good as to apply to Court, and see if they will lend Us somebody of Mark to exchange for him? After exchanging so many military Men as prisoners of War, it is pitifully spightfull to use Mr. Laurens as they do: but they cannot conceal the Meanness of their Character.
I have felt the mortification of soliciting for Money as well as You: but it has been because the solicitations have not succeeded. I see no reason at all that We should be ashamed of asking to borrow Money after maintaining a War against Great Britain and her Allies for almost six years, without borrowing any thing abroad, when England has been all the time borrowing of all the Nations of Europe, even of Individuals among our Allies, it cannot be unnatural, surprising or culpable or dishonourable for Us to borrow Money.
When England borrows annually a Sum equal to all her Exports, We ought not to be laughed at for wishing to borrow a Sum annually equal to a twelfth part of our annual Exports.
We may, and We shall wade through, if We cannot obtain a Loan: but We could certainly go forward with more Ease, Convenience and Safety, by the help of one.
I think We have not meanly solicited for Friendship any where. But to send Ministers to every great Court in Europe, especially the Maritime Courts, to propose an acknowledgment of the Independence of America, and Treaties of Amity and of Commerce is no more than becomes Us, and in my Opinion is our Duty to do: it is perfectly consistent with the genuine System of American Policy, and a piece of Respect due from new Nations to old ones. The United Provinces did the same thing, and were never censured for it, but in the End they succeeded. It is necessary for America to have Agents in different parts of Europe, to give some Information concerning our affairs, and to refute the abominable Lies that the hired Emissaries of Great Britain circulate in every Corner of Europe, by which they keep up their own Credit and ruin ours. I have been more convinced of this since my Peregrinations in this Country, than ever. The universal and profound Ignorance of America here, has astonished me. It will require Time, and a great deal of Prudence and Delicacy too to undecieve them. The method You have obligingly begun, of transmitting me Intelligence from America, will assist me in doing, or at least attempting something of this kind, and I therefore request the Continuance of it, and have the Honour to be, with respectful Compliments to Mr. Franklin and all Friends, Sir, your most obedient Servant
John Adams
His Excellency Dr. Franklin.

Notation: J Adams Oct. 14. 1780


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 14 October 1780
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear & honoured Sir
Nantes Octor 14. 1780.
I hear that my Friend & Correspondent Mr French of Bordeaux is now in Paris & intends to wait on you. I therefore beg leave to reccommend him to your Friendship & Civilities and I shall consider your Notice of him as an Obligation on me.
I long to hear of the great Ships being at L’Orient as I am ready for her, & you may depend there will be no fault to find with my Dispatch.
I am as ever Yours most dutifully & affectionately
Jona Williams J

Notation: J Williams Octo. 14. 1780


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Vergennes, 15 October 1780
From: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

A Versailles le 15. 8bre 1780.
J’ai reçu, Monsieur, la lettre que vous m’avez fait l’honneur de m’écrire aujourd’hui. Je joins ici celle que vous me demandez pour M. le Cte. de Montmorin, ainsi que le Passeport pour le Courier que vous expédiez à M. Jay.
J’ai l’honneur d’être très sincèrement, Monsieur, votre très humble et très obéissant Serviteur.
De Vergennes
M. Franklin

Notation: Count de Vergennes Oct. 15. 1780


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Isaac All, 16 October 1780
From: All, Isaac
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
Port L’Orient 16th Octobr. 1780
Altho I flatter my self it will not be disagreable to you to hear of my safe arrival in this Country I did intend to defer doing my self the honour of writing to you untill next Post and had your Letters sent to the office yesterday morning, but in the course of the day I was informed by Capn. Jones of this Conveyance. I therefore embrace the Opportunity to inform you that the Family were all well on the Eleventh of Sept. one or two days latter then their Letters, as I was detained in Town longer then I expected— I will not pretend to enter into any information from the other side well knowing you have every Circumstance respecting the public affairs of our Country from abler hands. Therefore shall only say that Mrs. Beache was Just returned to Town from Mr. Duffelds where she had spent some time in the very warm weather and was busily employed in cutting out and making up shirts for the Soldiers of Gen. Washington’s Army of the linning purchased with the money Collected by herself and a number of the Patriotic Ladies of Philadelphia—a business she entered into with all that spirit and zeal you know her to be possesed of. In short the Ladies concerned in this affair have gained immortal Honour, of which Mrs. B. might Claim a Capital Share.—
As I have been only two days at this place, I cannot say any thing about the time of my departure from hence, but hope it will not be more than three weeks, in which time I hope to have the pleasure of hearing from you and receiving any Commands you may please to Commit to my Care, pray make my best Compliments to Temple he will I hope pardon the familar manner of my expression— Accept Dear Sir My most Sincere Wishes for your long life and perfect health. And believe me to be with the Greatest Respect and Esteem Your Affectionate & Very Humble. Servt
Isaac All

Addressed: His Excellency / Benjamin Franklin / Minister Plenipotentiary from the United / States / To the Court of France / a Passy pres Paris
Notations: Isaac Ally, l’orient 16. Oct. 1780. / Ansd


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Loring Austin, 17 October 1780
From: Austin, Jonathan Loring
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir,
Nantes 17 October 1780
The Nature of my Errand to Europe I had the Honor to communicate to your Excellency soon after my Arrival, the Difficulties which have occur’d to accomplish it if possible, have verified your Predictions. Altho’ disappointed & often mortified in every Attempt I have made to execute this Commission entrusted to me by the State, my Anxiety was however greatly alleiviated on the Receipt of a Letter from the Committee of foreign Affairs, ordering me to freight their Goods, as the Ship they proposed sending out was detain’d for the protection of the Trade. Contrary to my Expectations the Ship Mars Capt Sampson has arrived here at a critical Season of the Year, not only to receive a Cargo of Cloathing, the State was too sanguine I had procured, but I am order’d to give her every necessary Supply, & to pay the Crew a proportion of their Wages. Situated as I am its impossible for me to answer their Expectations, & unless I can procure a Freight for her, she must return charged with a heavy Debt, & to detain her here any considerable time to accomplish this only point, would not perhaps be adequate to the Expence. Since my Arrival my Friend Mr Williams has informed me of a Quantity of Warlike Stores, laying here, belonging to the United States. I beg leave to refer your Excellency to a Letter he now writes you respecting them. Should you consent to send them to America, I should be glad to take on Board the Ship Mars such a Quantity as could be conveniently ship’d, & at a Freight to be paid here, which shall be deemed equitable, this I imagine will be more satisfactory than to leave it for future decission— These Goods are of such a sort that Vessels in general would not incline to take them on Freight, & probably a better Opportunity to ship them will not soon offer. I therefore doubt not, as your Excellency can herein serve the State of Massachusetts Bay & the Continent in general, you will please to give the necessary Orders for shipping them—

I shall be carefull to enclose your Excellency by this or next Post a Draft on Paris for the Money you was pleased to lend me & am with the greatest Respect Your Excellency’s Most Obedient & very humble Servant
Jona. Loring Austin
His Excellency Dr Franklin—

Notation: J. L. Austin. Nantes Oct 17. 80


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Benjamin Franklin Bache, 17 October 1780
From: Bache, Benjamin Franklin
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Mon Cher grand papa
Geneve 17 8tobre 1780
Je vous écris cette lettre pour m’informer de vôtre santé parcequ’il y a assès longtems que je ne vous ai pas ecris et ayant beaucoup de temps parceque nous sommes dans les congès des vandanges quoique j’aie des taches davant les congès l’on m’invite quelque fois avec le fils de Madame Cramer alors je me rejouis parceque l’occasion ne se presente pas souvent. Je ne peux vous envoyer que 3 pièces de dessing parceque mon maitre a eu des affaires pendant quelque temps qui m’ont beaucoup retardées ne voulant pas differer plus longtemps pour ne pas laisser passer cette occasion ne pouvant en trouver que rarement. Il me faudroit bien à genève quelques uns de mes amis comme Cockran. Je vous prie de me dire si les deux adams dont vous m’avès parlés viendront. J’espére que je raprendrois facilement l’anglois ayant un maître. Je commence à faire des progrès ou du moins Je fais mes efforts pour en faire.

J’ai l’honneur d’être mon cher bon papa Votre très humble et obeissant petit fils
B Franklin B
Mon cher grand Papa Je vous envoye aussi mon prix parceque Je pense qu’il vous fera plaisir.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Thomas Digges, 17 October 1780
From: Digges, Thomas
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dr. Sir
London 17. Octo 1780
It was not until the 14th. inst that any person whatever was permitted to see Mr Laurens in the Tower— Then after repeated applications for admission Mr. Manning and Mr L——ns’s Son, a Youth of 17 or 18 who has been some years at Warrington School, got admission to Him. A permit was given them, signd by the Lds. Hillsborough, Stormont & Germain “for half an hours interview & that the permit did not extend to any future visit.” They found Him very ill of a lax, much emaciated, not low spirited, & bitterly invective against the people here for his harsh treatment. He spoke handsomely of his treatment while on board ship, & of the Capn. (Keppel) & Lieut Norris who attended him to London, but from the period of his landing He was treated with a brutality wch. He did not expect even from Englishmen. His weakness from sickness & the agitation on seeing his Son took up the first ten of the 30 minutes allowd him to converse with His friends;—the rest was filld with invective against the authors of his harsh treatment. His outer room is but a mean one, not more than twelve feet square, a dark close bed room adjoining, both indifferently furnishd, & a few books on his table, no pen and Ink has been yet allowd him, but He has a pencil & memdm book in wch. He occasionally notes things. The Warden of the Tower & a Yeoman constantly at his elbow tho they make no attempts to stop his conversation. Mr Mannings being the first visit he has had, perhaps He said every thing He could about the severity of his treatment, in order that it might get out & contradict the general report of His being exceedingly well treated. He has hitherto declind any Phisical advice, or the visits of any of those Creatures about Him who may be set on to Pump. Mr Penn is making application to see Him, & will likely get leave. It is doubtful if the Son will be able to get admission a second time. His treatment being now very generally known every person is crying out shame upon it & the authors thereof are very much abusd. It is a strange thing to go forth, but it is the general receivd opinion that the orders for such harsh treatment were in consequence of an intimation from the first man in this Country, now generally known by the appellation of White Eyes.
Every appearance indicates that this Mr White Eyes is determind on prosecuting the Amn. War vigorously. New Regiments are raising—10 or 12,000 Men under orders to go & transports actually got & getting at unusual high prices. Nothing can exceed such folly but it actually appears the determind resolution of the Cabinet to risque every thing upon a last stake— The inactivity of the French in Ama. & the West Indies, seems to be the bait of inducement for these folks to go on. Abot a month ago, before the arrivals from N York & Carolina & Jamaica, there was every appearance of the cabinet having given up the Amn War.
I am without any of Your favrs. lately. I wish to know if You got the picture of the Bishop safe. What is further to be done about Jones’s Bill on Goddard. What ansr. to the Letter sent by the parole Prisoners who came over in the Temple, Cartel to Bristol. & if Mr B—w—n [Bowman] may Expect a pass for his baggage.
I drew a Bill on Monsr. G——d the 16th. 10 days sight for 48 £ payle to the person You write to frequently about the Prisoners.
I am wth Esteem &ca &ca—
W S. C

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur B. F— / Passy
Notation: Oct. 17. 1780.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 17 October 1780
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear & Hond. Sir
Nantes 17 October 1780
I have already mentioned to you the Arrival of the Massachusetts State Ship Mars & I suppose both Mr Austin & Capt Samson have told you her Situation; I need not therefore make any further Introduction to this Letter, which I shall confine to that Subject.
It seems the State expected Mr Austin would have succeeded in obtaining a Loan, or at least in obtaining a Quantity of Goods on the States Credit, & so sure were they of his Success that they have not made the smallest Provision for his Failure. In consequence of this incautious Proceeding the Ship is here at a heavy daily Expence, considerable Sums to be paid to the Officers & Crew per Agreement, & in want of great Supplies of every kind, without any Means of answering these Demands; in this Situation the only Method that occurs to me is to get as much Freight, payable here, as will defray the Ships Expences, and send her back again as soon as possible. There will remain in the Arsenal after I have taken what I can put in the Marquis de la Fayettes Hold a Quantity perhaps about 20,000 old Gun Barrells with an equal Number of Bayonnetts & Locks, besides 30 Casks of Flints & the Anchors that were bought in the Time of Mr Deanes Administration for our 74 Gun Ships, which may together make an Object of an hundred Tons. It will be a public Benefit to send all these Things to America, for every Gun Barrell will be in use as soon as it gets there, & while they remain here they are as useless as if they had never been bought, It will also be a Benefit to the State to have their Ship sent back again without incurring a Debt, & I think you will be willing to do a Service to the State when you serve the Public in general at the same Time. If therefore you will consent to give this Freight we may probably in addition find private Freight sufficient to pay her Charges. The Price per Ton I think should be more than what I pay the Marquis de la Fayette, because my Tonnage is reckoned by measuring the Ship, which makes it, I suppose, about a quarter dearer than measuring the Goods, and indeed 250 Livres per Ton is as cheap, if not cheaper, than any Ship would now take Freight at. If the Marquis de la Fayette should not be able to take all the Saltpetre & other Articles, I may perhaps be able to give the Mars something more, but I would not choose to promise more than what comes more from the Arsenal, till the great Ship is loaded. Another Circumstance which I think makes this Scheme eligible is the Expiration of the Lease of the Arsenal at Christmas next, when Mr Schweighauser will be obliged to put you to the Expence of another Store & considerable Porterage. If you do not choose to make any Conditions about the Freight it may be left to be settled between Congress & the Massachusetts State, you advancing, on Accot of the State, sufficient money to dispatch the Ship; by this Mode the State will still owe the Money to Congress even if the Ship is taken, by the other the Freight being due on the Ships sailing, it will be a certain Expence to Congress whether the Ship arrives or not.— These are considerations which may be worth while between two Merchants, but as Congress & the State are both public Bodies, who have the same Interests, they may not be necessary, & either one or the other may be adopted. I thought of this Plan as the only one which would at once Serve the Public & releive the State, some time ago, but I did not choose to propose it till I saw Mr Austin, & he now thinks as I do.
I shall be glad to have your immediate Answer to this Letter, & if you Approve of my Proposal please to return me an Order on Mr Schweighauser to hold all the Goods in the Arsenal at my Disposal, & I will sett the Business agoing with the utmost Expedition. You I trust will beleive I have no Motive in what I write but the general Good, I have no Wish to serve the State to the Prejudice of Congress, but I think it my Duty to point out a Way of serving both at the same time.—
When you Answer this Letter please at the same time to inform me what is determined on relative to the Portuguese Captain who was taken by Capt Samson. There is no Doubt but the Man has a Right to his Ship & Freight, & the State I dare say would make him ample Amends if he was in Boston, but they cannott pay a Sol here unless the Ship is seized & sold, which I trust Government will not permit; Whatever is done however had better be done soon, so as we may know what is to be depended on.—
You have no doubt heard of Jones’s Disaster, there will be probably part of the Ariels Cargo to ship in another Vessell, so that I imagine we shall have enough for bothe the Marquis de la Fayette & Samson.
If you give the order to Mr Schweighauser about the Arsenal let it be to ship all he has belonging to the Public in such Vessell or Vessells as I point out, not to deliver to me, because I desire not to take from him any Commission which may arise in the Operation, for my Motives in this Business are not interested ones.—
I am ever with the highest Respect Your dutifull & affectionate Kinsman
Jona Williams J

My Hurry of Business obliged me to make use of a Copyist for this Letter, which I never choose to do when I write to you if I can help it.

I am ready for the great Ship without a moments Warning & wish she was at L’Orient. JW

Endorsed: Jona Williams Oct. 17. 1780
Notations: Jona Williams 17 Octo. 1780 / [in William Temple Franklin’s hand:] Ansd by W.T.F.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Pierre-Joseph Macquer, 18 October 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Macquer, Pierre-Joseph

Monsieur
Passy. Oct. 18. 1780:
Celui qui vous remettra cette lettre est M. Foulke de qui j’ai eu l’honneur de vous parler l’autre jour chèz M. L’Avoisier, c’est un jeune Americain très honête qui est venu à Paris avec le dessein de se perfectionner dans la connoissance théorique et pratique de la medecine et de la Chirurgie: permettez moi de le recommander à vos bons offices et Conseils, et je vous serai très obligé des bontés que vous voudrez bien avoir pour lui.
J’ai l’honneur d’être avec beaucoup d’estime et de consideration, Monsieur, Votre très humble et tres obeissant Serviteur
B Franklin
M. Macquer


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Ezra Stiles, 18 October 1780
From: Stiles, Ezra
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Newport 18. Octr 1780
John Bunnel of New Haven in Connecticutt Son of Mr Israel Bunnel, was taken by the British June 25 1777 on board a Merchant Brig from Charlestown So. Caro. bound to France, and put on board the Valiant Man O’ War a 74 Gun Ship; from which, while lying at Portsmouth in Engld, he wrote a Letter to his Father dated Octr 28 1777. This is the last time his Parents have heard from their Son. His Parents request that Dr Franklin would give himself the Trouble of handing this to the Commissary [for?] exchanging Prisoners, if perhaps their Son might be found and exchanged. I am, Sir, Your humble Servant
Ezra Stiles
Dr Franklin

Addressed: The Honorable / Benjamin Franklin Esq L L. D. / Minister Plenipotentiary of / the United States / At the Court of / Versailles


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Loring Austin, 19 October 1780
From: Austin, Jonathan Loring
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir.
Nantes 19th October 1780
I had the Honor of writing you by last Post relative to a Quantity of warlike Stores I wished to take on Freight for America, & hope in due time to be favored with your Excellency’s Answer.
I now enclose your Excellency a Draft on Monsieur Grand for 330 Livres in part of the 600 you was pleased to lend me, I did not perceive till this Morning a Mistake had been made in drawing the Bills which occasions my not drawing for the whole Sum; I will desire Mr Williams to pass to your Credit the remaining 270 Livres; provided it will be as agreeable to you as having an Order on some Person in Paris—with which you’l please to acquaint me—
I am with great Respect sir Your most Obedient & very humble Servant
Jona. Loring Austin

Addressed: Son Excellence / Monsieur Dr Franklin / à Passy / pres Paris
Notation: J. L Austin Nantes 19 Oct 80


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 19 October 1780
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear & hond Sir
Nantes Octor 19. 1780.
I have just received a Letter from Mr De Segray of which he tells me he has sent you a Copy. You will see by it that it is not the Regisseurs des Poudre but les Fermier Genereaux that must give the permission desired. Please to obtain this & send it to Mr De Segray as soon as possible, in the mean time I have desird him to try to forward the Business by engaging to pay all Duties in failure of the Permission, & to send it on, cost what it will, for the Salt Petre may as well be at the Bottom of the Sea as at St Malo, so far as relates to the public of America.
Our old acquaintance Capt Isaac All is arrived at L’orient by him you have no doubt advice of the Check Genl Gates has received.—
I am ever with the greatest Respect Yours most dutifully & affectionately
Jona Williams J

Notation: Jona Williams Oct. 19. 80


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Dumas, 20 October 1780
From: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur,
Lahaie 20e. Oct. 1780.
La vraie amitié qui caractérise si bien vos Lettres du 2 & du 9 Octob. me remplit de gratitude. Je vous promets bien saintement de la mériter jusqu’au dernier soupir, avec votre approbation qui m’est aussi précieuse que la vie. J’eus la satisfaction, avanthier d’avoir ici Mr. Searle, & de passer la nuit avec lui à Leide, d’où je suis revenu hier un peu tard. Ah! l’excellent homme! Quand je vois de tels Américains, les Epines qui m’ont piqué pour eux se chargent de Roses.
C’est à force de patience, mais sans lâcheté, que j’ai vaincu le ressentiment du Gd. Fr. [Grand Facteur] Il étoit juste: une seule chose qu’il exigeoit, & à quoi j’espere qu’il ne pensera plus, ne l’étoit pas.
Hier 8 jours l’Amirauté d’hollde. donna son Préavis sur l’accession de la rep. conformément aux desirs de l’Imperatrice & de la Ville d’Amst. Hier Cet avis fut converti en Résolution unanime de la Province. J’espere que les Etats-généraux, à qui elle va être communiquée, selon leur coutume d’adopter les resolutions d’Hollde. adopteront aussi unanimement celleci. But let us not be too sanguine in our hopes.
J’accepterai certainement le Secretariat en question avec l’appointement de 500 £.St. qui y est attaché par le Congrès; & je suis sûr que celui qui remplira la place de Mr. L—— [Laurens] sera content de moi. Voici ce que j’écris ce soir là-dessus à Mr. Searle:
“I can’t help to be still vexed with the misfortune that has happened to his Exc. L——. The new arrangement of Such a Secretaryship, as the honble. J. Lowell speaks of in his Letter, & to which, by your & his good advice, as well as by that of his Exc. Dr. Franklin, he would have chosen me, with a salary of 500 £.st: per annum would have made me (& my little family) very happy with him, & will so, I hope, with whoever will be appointed to succeed him. Permit me only to wish, it might be your amiable person. Whenever you write to America, be pleased Dear Sir, to testify my chearfull as well as gratefull acquiescence, & acceptation of the said arrangement, or an equipollent one; & that my only ambition has been, from the beginning, & will be throug the remainder of my life, to be continued & maintain’d in the service of a cause, to which the having been so very unexpectedly or rather providentially called, has filled my mind with thoughts, & my heart with feelings, more comfortable for me, than any other grandeurs whatever could do.”
J’aurai soin, Monsieur, de consulter avec notre Ami, sur ce qu’il faudra faire relativement à l’affaire de Saba, & de vous rendre compte en son temps de ce qu’il en pense.
L’Envoyé de Portugal n’est pas ici actuellement; il est à Londres; & l’on ne sait encore quand il sera de retour. Comme la dite Cour, leurs Ministres ici, avoient paru jusqu’ici si bons amis de l’Angle. que je n’ai point formé de liaisons avec eux. J’ai donc besoin d’être introduit moi-même chez Mr. De Souza, avant de pouvoir lui présenter Mr. Searle: & Mr. Searle m’a chargé de vous prier de me procurer de la part de l’Envoyé de Portugal en France une Lettre introductoire, ou de recommandation. J’aurai le temps de la recevoir avant que Mr. De Souza arrive. Je connois bien Son Aumônier ici; & je ferai quelques démarches auprès de lui. Mais une Lettre de l’Envoyé de Portugal, accordé à votre demande, si je puis la présenter, vaudra mieux, & abrégera les choses au contentement de Mr. Searle. Elle me donnera d’ailleurs un pied là pour toujours.

I Say nothing of Mr. *****, nor of what he is doing because I cannot say anything of neither, since we parted at Leiden. I hope only I stand well with him, because I have done my best to merit it. I hope to see him at Amsterdam, when this Assembly will separate. There are (between us) some good people that find him too much reserved, & do not agree with some of his ideas, or perhaps with the manner of his delivering them. But perhaps those good men would be the first of not supporting me, if they were to be called to account for what they said confidentially to me respecting him. You Know Dear Sir, I have not long since, paid very dearly (nearly with my life, & I fear with that of my wife) for too much unreservedness in writing. I am, honoured and dear Sir, very happy in your everlasting friendship, & in the sincerity of my heart with which I am for ever, your most obedient, most humble & faithfull servant
Dumas
Paris à S. E. Mr. B. Franklin

Addressed: à Son Excellence / Monsieur B. Franklin / Esqr. Min. Plenipe. / des Et. Unis &c. / Passy ./.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Nesbitt, 20 October 1780
From: Nesbitt, Jonathan
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir!
L’Orient October 20th: 1780
I have the honor to inclose you Copy of a Letter which I receiv’d by the Brigantine Nesbitt from Mr. Stephen Stewart of West River, in Maryland. This Gentleman you will see recommends Mr. James Cheston, who came passenger in said Brign: in the warmest manner to my attention & Civilitys. On Mr. Chestons arrival here he communicated to me his intentions of going to England by the way of Paris & Ostend, but a few days before he intended to depart, he met with the Captain of a Flemish Vessell ready to Sail for Ostend, and as this would save both time & Expence, he took his passage on board.— On Wednesday last as Mr. Cheston had prepared every thing for his departure, he was surpriz’d to find an order to attend the Commandant, who inform’d him that information had been lodged against him as a suspicious person, & required that he should give his Parole, not to depart from this Town untill further orders;—this Mr: Cheston comply’d with, by which means he has lost the opportunity of Sailing for Ostend.— I have not taken the pains to enquire who the persons are who have given the above information, or on what grounds it is founded;—no doubt they are warm friends to America, and deeply Interested in the Consequences of any information that Mr. Cheston might give on his arrival in England, if it was his intention to have given any information,—but of this I would beg leave to assure you Sir, that it was not necessary for them to take the measures they have done to prevent him.— Had they express’d their disapprobation of his going to England by Sea, either to himself, or to me, it would have answer’d the same purpose— Mr. Chestons behavior since he came to this Port fully answers the Character given him by Mr. Stewart.— It has been such as to gain him the Esteem of every person with whom he has had any acquaintance.— Perhaps you may be acquainted wth. the Character of the person who recommends him.— He has allways been warmly attach’d to the American Cause, & would be very far from recommending any person whom he thought capable of doing it any Injury.— Mr. Cheston informs me that it has been Insinuated that he left America in a Clandestine Manner, to confute wch: he incloses you a Certeficate signed by Captain Forbes of the Brigantine Nesbitt, who has been in the American service Since the begining of the War, and bears an extraordinary good Character;— I am well convinced he is not Capable of setting his hand to a falsehood.
I hope Sir! you will excuse my troubling you with so long a Letter on this occasion, but I am the only person in this Country to whom Mr. Cheston has brought Letters of recommendation, and cannot help thinking that those who have inform’d against him, have done him an Injury from which no advantage either to themselves or the publick can be derived.— Common Politeness (knowing him to be recommended to me,) might have dictated to them to have acquainted me with their Intentions, before they apply’d to the Commandant, which if they had done would have prevented my troubling you at present.—

I have the honor to be, with Sentiments of great Respect.— Sir! Your most Obedient humble Servt:
Jonat: Nesbitt
His Excellency B: Franklin

Notation: Nesbit Jona. L’Orient Oct. 20. 1780.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Samuel Wharton, 20 October 1780
From: Wharton, Samuel
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
L’Orient 20th October 1780
In some of the late Vessels, arrived from Maryland, and Pennsylvania came passengers the following Gentlemen.— Messrs. Cheston, and Captain Smith of the former; and Mr.  West, and Dr. Wilson of the latter State, and They were preparing to go in a Dutch Vessel to Ostend, and from Thence to England, But Commodore Jones, upon the Advice of several American Citizens and myself, judged it necessary to apply to the Commanding Officer of this Province to Stop Them, Until your Pleasure was known. Mr. Cheston says, He will this Day lay before your Excellency a State of his Conduct in Maryland, and the Reasons for his going to England. He acknowledges to have acted uniformly against the Principles of the Revolution,— not to have taken the usual Oath to the State, and to have departed from Maryland, without permission of the Government, But at the Same Time, He alledges has left his Wife, and Debts, and Possessions to a considerable Amount there, and produces a News Paper, wherein is an Advertisement avowing his Design of going to Europe, and requesting all persons indebted to Him to pay their Several Debts to his Attorney.— Mr. Cheston, before the Revolution, was a Merchant in New Town on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, and a Justice of Peace, in Governor’s Eden’s Administration, and appears a Gentleman of good Address and Understanding. Captain Smith, I understand has always been unfriendly to the new Government, and says his Business is to sell some Stock, He has in the British Funds. He has no permission to go to England. Mr. West is a Quaker, and Son to the late Mr. West a Ship Carpinter in Vine Street, Philadelphia. He has not taken an Affirmation of Allegiance and Fidelity to the Government nor cannot produce any Evidence of Liberty being granted Him, To pass from France to England, But says He has an Estate in Philadelphia, worth six thousand pounds. Dr. Wilson was employed as a Surgeon in the fedral Army, and is In the Same Predicament. His Design is to stay in England, and not return to the United States. It might be of injurious Consequence, if these persons were permitted to land in the Enemies Country, particularly at this Time, When the Frigate Ariel, and Seven Sail of American Vessels are in Port, loading with very valuable Cargoes;— And, perhaps, during the War, It might be impolitic to suffer the Enemies of America to come to the ports of this Kingdom without permission, and from thence to pass to England, Where They would be closely interrogated, as well with Respect to the Situation of Affairs in the States, as of all Vessels, and Armaments, in the Harbours of our Ally. I recommended to Mr. Cheston and the other Gentlemen to proceed to Passy, and lay before your Excellency a Brief state of their Affairs, and the Object of their Errand to England, But they seem to prefer staying here, Until They know your Pleasure, and flatter Themselves, You will allow Them to Carry their first Intention into Execution.
I have acted in this affair, in giving my opinion as above stated to Commodore Jones, wholy upon publick Grounds.— I have not been moved to it by any illiberal Motive, as I had not the least personal Knowledge of Mr. Cheston and his Companions.— I have the Honor to be, with great Respect your Excellency’s most Obedient and most humble Servant
Saml. Wharton

Be pleased to read Dr. Wilson, formerly of St. Kitts, Where I have written on a Razure.
His Excellency Benjamin Franklin Esqr.

Notation: S Wharton. L’Orient. 20 Oct 80


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from [the Marquis de Castries], 21 October 1780
From: Castries, Charles-Eugène-Gabriel de La Croix, marquis de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

A Versailles le 21. Octobre 1780.
J’ai vû, Monsieur, la lettre que vous avez écrite à M. de sartine, au sujet de deux Bâtiments Américains que les Srs. de Lap, Négts. à Bordeaux, se proposent d’expédier pour les Colonies françoises de l’Amérique. M. Necker, à qui M. de sartine avoit écrit pour un Armément semblable, projetté par les Srs. Bondfield, flaipood, et Compagnie, et que vous lui avez recommandé au mois de juin dernier, a répondû qu’il avoit ordonné au Directeur des fermes à Bordeaux, d’accorder, sans dificulté, les expéditions nécéssaires, tant pour les Bâtimens dont il s’agissoit, que pour ceux qui auroient, à l’avenir, la mème destination. Il a même annoncé, en dernier lieu, qu’il avoit donné des Ordres pour que le droit du fret ne fut pas éxigé. D’un autre côté, les Bâtimens Américains seront admis, avec leurs Carguaisons, dans nos isles où ils pourront prendre en retour des chargemens de denrées coloniales. Les Srs. de Lap peuvent s’adresser aux Srs. Bondfield et flaipood qui les instruiront de la maniere dont le Directeur des fermes en aura usé à leur égard./.
J’ai l’honneur d’etre avec la plus parfaite consideration, M., votre très humble &ca.
A M. Franklin


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 21 October 1780
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear & hond Sr
Nantes Octor 21. 1780.
Inclosed is a List of all the Bills I have drawn on M. de Chaumont for accot of the Cloathing from the first Bill to the present Day with the No date Term & every particular relating to each amounting to 741095 l.t. 18 s. 4 d.
I intended to send this List at the same Time I sent the Accounts of this Operation, but what I have this day learnt from Paris determines me to send it off immediately; I am told that M. de Chaumont has been exceedingly pressed for money so much so as to be obliged to suspend his Payments for two Days, and it is only through the Aids of Government that he has been able to continue his Payments, whether this aid will be continued to him or not I am also told is a matter of uncertainty. In consequence of this I think it is proper & necessary you should have a State of the Bills immediately. The Accounts of the whole of this Operation will follow as soon as possible & will no doubt much exceed the Sums I have drawn for, but in the present State of Matters I cant venture to draw on M. de C for what I shall want more, for I should not like to push his Credit in such Circumstances for his Sake as well as my own. You will observe that upwards of 200,000 Livres of the Bills in the State are not yet due & consequently are unpaid, should these come back on me I should have a hard Struggle to get through them. I therefore hope you will see them taken up. Please to let me know in answer whether you have paid into Mr de Chaumonts hands money enough to answer these Dfts. If not it will be well to secure it in such a manner as to appropriate it only to the payment of them, & for this Purpose it would be well to lodge in the Caisse d’Escompte a List of such of the dfts as are yet unpaid (which I suppose will be all subsequent to the 12 June last,) & give Directions that in Case of Failure on the part of Mr de Chaumont you will pay the Bills. You will excuse these Apprehensions in me, but my Credit is a very delicate point for if these Bills were to come back on me at once (tho’ I should lose nothing in the End) it would ruin my Credit. Mr de Chaumont is I am sure one of the best men in the World, and so far as relates to himself the utmost Dependance is to be placed upon him, but from what I hear I am afraid he has undertaken too much. I beg this Letter may be between ourselves, I write to you freely & without reserve nor can I ever write to you otherways on any subject. I beg to hear from you on this Subject in the mean time shall draw no more Bills on M. de Chaumont.
I am ever your dutifull & affectionate Kinsman
Jona Williams J

P.S. I have written to M. d’arlincourt fils. F G. who directs the Bureau of the Farmers General Rue de Richelieu pres la petite Porte du palais Royale about the Salt Petre which I mentioned to you in my last. If you see this Gentleman or M. Paulze or M. Necker the matter may be easily settled. JW

Endorsed: Mr. Williams Oct. 21. 1780 Relating to the Acceptances His good Opinion of M. de Chaumont—
Notation: Jona Williams Oct 21 1780


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Lavoisier, 22 October 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent

Monsieur,
Pasy, le 22 Oct. 1780.
Je prends la liberté de vous envoyer cy joint diverses Piéces que je viens de recevoir de Messrs. de Segray & Co. par les quelles vous verrez que l’Ordre que vous avez bien voulu m’accorder pour le Transport des Salpêtres de St. Malo à l’Orient, ne suffit pas et qu’on m’en demande un de Messrs. les Fermiers généraux des cinq grosses Fermes.— Oserois-je vous prier, Monsieur, d’avoir la bonté de jetter les yeux sur ces Pieces et de me donner votre Conseil sur le parti que je dois prendre, vous rendrez un nouveau et très grand Service à celui qui a l’honneur d’être avec un très sincere attachement, Monsr., V. tr. h: et t: o: S.
M. La Voisier.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Adams: Two Letters, 24 October 1780
From: Adams, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

I.
Sir
Amsterdam October 24. 1780
I have this moment the Honour of your Letter of the twentyeth of this Month and it is, as cold Water to a thirsty Soul.
I have been busily employed in making Enquiries, in forming Acquaintances and in taking Advice.— In hopes of Mr Laurens’s Arrival, and wishing him to judge for himself, I have not decided, upon some Questions that necessarily arise. I am not able to promise any Thing but I am led to hope, for Something. The Contents of Mr Jays Letter, will certainly be of great Weight and Use.— I am assured of the good Will of a Number of very worthy and considerable People and that they will endeavour to assist a Loan.
Let me intreat your Excellency, to communicate to me every Thing you may further Learn respecting the benevolent Intentions of the Court of Madrid, respecting this Matter.— I will do myself the Honour, to acquaint you with the Progress I make,.— I was before in hopes of assisting you Somewhat, and your Letter has raised those hopes a great deal, for the English Credit certainly Staggers here, a little.
The Treatment of Mr Laurens is truly affecting. It will make a deep and lasting Impression on the Minds of the Americans. But this will not be a present Relief to him. You are no doubt minutely informed, of his ill Usage.— Can any Thing be done in Europe for his Comfort or Relief?
I have the Honour to be, with respectfull Compliments to all Friends, sir, your most obedient humble servant
John Adams
His Excellency Dr Franklin

Notation: J. Adams. Oct 24. 1780

II.
Sir
Amsterdam october 24. 1780
Separated from Master S.C. Johonnot for a longer time than I expected, I am under apprehensions about him, and therefore must request your Excellencys Attention to him;

I have no Money in my Hands, which belongs to his Father, but am informed he has sent a Remittance for him, which I hope will soon arrive.— I must however, be responsible, for his Expenses, whether Remittances arrive or not as long as he Stays. I have the Honour to be, sir, your humb. sert
John Adams
His Excellency Dr Franklin


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 24 October 1780
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear & honoured Sir—
Nantes le 24 Octor 1780
I wrote you last Post a particular Letter relative to Mr de Chaumonts affairs since which I find they are publicly known & the alarm is general. Every man who has taken my Bills on him in this Place have mentioned to me his stoppage of payment, but I am happy to find they have great Confidence in my Signature and do not discover any distrust; My answer has uniformly been that my Bills would always be paid at the Caisse d’Escompte whether Mr de Chaumont failed or not, & that if any in the mean time should come back, Cash would be found in my Counting House to pay them.— I have accordingly been collecting all the Cash I could, & putting off payments for Goods for a few Days, so as to keep myself strong in Cash in Case of Emergency.— I beg however you will particularly attend to the payment of my Bills at the Caisse d’Escompte as they become due for that is the only way to save our Credit perfectly— If Mr de Chaumont continues to pay it is undoubtedly the safest & most honourable Method, but Funds should be provided in case of his Failure.— Mr de Chaumont I very much respect & would do all in my power to oblige, I have always done so, & lately have furnished him about 60,000 Livres, which I remitted to his Bankers on their Bills at a longer date, he has desired me to assist him farther & to draw on him for my Reimbursement, which indeed I intended to do, but I cannot now negociate a Livre on his Name & I would not choose to strain my own Credit.—
I beg you will favour me with your answer in a particular Letter on this Subject which I may show so as to assure the Persons who have taken my Bills that they will not be dishonoured.
I am ever with the greatest Respect Your dutifull & affectionate Kinsman
Jona Williams J

Endorsed: has assisted M. de Chaumont
Notation: Jona Williams 24 Oct 1780


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Schweighauser, 25 October 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Schweighauser, Jean-Daniel

Sir,
Passy 25. Oct. 1780.
This is to request you would Ship all the Stores you have in your Possession belonging to the Public of America, whether in the Arsenal or elsewhere, on board such Vessel or Vessels as shall be pointed out to you by Mr. Jonathan Williams.
I have the Honour to be Sir, Your most humble Servant. B.F.
M. J. D. Schweighauser


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Amezaga, 25 October 1780
From: Amezaga, Ignace d’Urtado, marquis d’
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Ce 25. 8re 1780
Mr. D’amezaga est dépuis Six semaines à la Campagne. Il meurent d’envie de voir son cher Monsieur de Franklin.
Il â trouvé à la Campagne un Noble Genois qui S’apelle Mr. de sélezia qui a porter chés Monsieur de Franklin, un Paquet dont on L’avoit changé [chargé]. Il n’a point trouvé Monsieur de Franklin chés luy et à Laissés Son Paquet. Mr. de Sélezia qui connois L’attachement qu’a Mr. D’amezaga, Pour Monsieur de Franklin, voudrois aller dinner a Passy. Le Jour que désirera Le Cher amis que Jaime et que Jembrasse de toute mon ame, Mr. Damezaga et Mr Selezia yront ensemble reponce Sil vous Plait.

Notation: D’amzaga 25. 8bre. 1780.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from William Carmichael: Two Letters, 25 October 1780
From: Carmichael, William
To: Franklin, Benjamin

I.
Dear Sir,
Madrid 25th. Oct. 1780.
The Duke De Crillon, and who hath not heard of the Name of Crillon? does me the honour of accepting of an Introduction to you, which give me an Occasion of boasting of any influence with you to him, and to you of the honor he has done me by his Acquaintance & Friendship here. This Must be Clear to you when I mentione his name, tho’ that to those who know him, is his least Recommendation.— Have however the same Indulgence for my failings that you have always had, & if not for my sake, for that of the Duke who is every Way worthy of your Esteem. Receive him in a Manner that will do Credit to my Introduction for when you know him, I am sure you will have been pleased to have done it for his, I am Your Excellency’s, most obliged & m: h. S.
W. Carmichael
His Exy. B. Franklin.

II.
Dear Sir,
Madrid 25. Oct. 1780.
I little thought when I mentioned to you the Pleasure I received from an introduction to the Family of the Prince de Masseran, that I should have ever had an Occasion of giving you an Opportunity of participating that Pleasure with me, But to the misfortune of all their Friends & of none more than myself, The Princes officers call him from this Country, and he does me the honor of accepting this Introduction to you, the only return in my power to make for all these Marks of his & the Princesses obliging notice, which they have shown me a Stranger in this Country.— You see me therefore in the Situation of an Insolent Debtor, with all the Inclination of an honest one to pay his just Debts, but without the ability, unless you will afford him the Means— Like him I am obliged to apply to my friends, and I certainly offer a great Interest, when I give you an Opportunity of profiting at Paris in the same Way that I have done at Madrid of a Society that will give you a pleasure in the Possession equal to my regret in being deprived of it. I intended for the Princess one of these engravings, for which I wrote to my name sake but as I am sure She will have much more Pleasure in the original than in a Copy, I must beg you to show it to her to advantage, which I am sure you much always do, if placed in the same Light as when seen by your Excellency’s Most obliged & humble Sert.
W. Carmichael.
His Excelly. B. Franklin.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Castries, 25 October 1780
From: Castries, Charles-Eugène-Gabriel de La Croix, marquis de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Marly le 25. 8bre. 1780.
J’ai l’honneur, Monsieur, de vous envoyer differentes Lettres que le Capitaine du Parlementaire Anglois le Dowe arrivé a Cherbourg a remis à Mr. Deshays Commissaire des classes. Comme ces Lettres [in the margin: 11. Lettres] sont de quelques Prisonniers Americains detenus en Angleterre, et qu’elles sont adressées à des Particuliers de la nouvelle Angleterre, J’ai cru devoir vous les faire passer.
J’ai l’honneur d’être avec la Consideration la plus distinguée, Monsieur, Votre très humble et très obeissant Serviteur,
(signé) Castries.
M. Franklin.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Fothergill, 25 October 1780
From: Fothergill, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

London 25 X [October] 1780
When I received, My honoured Friends obliging letter by Dr. Waterhouse, little did I exspect, it would not be in my power to return a more speedy Answer. But I will not take up any more of my time in making apologys, as I mean this to be a long letter but to proceed to the business—after entreating my Friend to allow me to forget that I am writing to a Minister to one of the first courts of Europe from a State the most promising of any that ever inherited any part of this Globe.
My disorder was not the Strangury, but the Gout, it fell upon the neck of the Bladder swelled the passage, prevented entirely the discharge of any urine, which was drawn off twice a day for a fortnight—or I had perished. The Operation was exquisitely painfull—as passing the instrument thro very tender parts occupied by a gouty swelling.— At length it gently touched my ancle left the passage free, and so it has remaind ever since.—
The Strangury is a different disease—it is properly such a kind of heat as attends blisters—creating an ineffectual nisus to discharge more, with a sense of great heat.— A solution of G. [gum] Arabick in water, used freely that is, an ounc dissolvd in Quarter of a pint of water, and a Spoonfull or two of this solution Strained & taken in evry liquor that is used—or in a little milk and water, often alleviates this disorder and gives ease by blunting the Acrimony of Urine. Should a tendency to any difficulty of this kind recur(?) pray describe the Sensation & Symptoms pretty fully and in return I will say all that occurs to me worth saying on the subject.— I rejoice thankfully that I am free from this complaint and yet able in some degree to discharge the dutyes of a laborous station.
Lady H. is much obliged to my Friend for his kind intelligence and will act conformably.
Much horrible mischief would indeed have been prevented had our Superiors thought fit to pay any regard to our humble endeavours. But their ears were shut, their hearts hardend, Kings became delerious, and the poor Greeks sufferd for it.
Still we are all hope, all serenity—nay triumphant—Determined to prosecute the same plan. Pride and vengeance are very fallible counsellors— I think I see all Europe slowly leaguing against us, and for two of the strongest reasons in the world— and which cannot but pursue, unless for their sins, they become besotted—To retrench our power, and to increase their own by an open commerce with America.
In the warmth of my affection for mankind, I could wish to see engrafted into this league, a resolution to preclude the necessity of general wars—the great object of universal civilization. The institution of a college of Justice—where the claims of Sovereigns Should be weighed—an award given—and war only made on him who refused submission.— No one man in the world has it so much in his power as my honourd Friend to infuse this thought into the breasts of Princes, or those who rule them and their affairs.
Let me touch on a lesser point, in which I also wish to engage a moment of my Friends attention. The most entensive capacity—the greatest human mind may possibly overlook some humble, yet proper objects such perhaps is that which I am going to mention. Establish thro’ all the united states as speedily as possible one general standard of weights and measures, and let this standard be directed, if I may use the expression by squares— The weights which the Apothecarys use is first a grain—20 make a Scruple—3 scruples a dram. It is impossible to reduce any of these weights to an unite without a fraction— No more can the foot or the yard nor measures of capacity— Let the Scruple consist of 16 grains. 4 Scruples to make one dram— 8 drams the ounce. 16 the pound—and pounds to be reckoned by decimals if thought more convenient. I rather describe these circumstances to explain my measures than as the identical rules that ought to take place. Why not institute an American Standard, and at this moment, when your trade is less than it ever will be hereafter, while you exist? The diversity and confusion in this Island, not to say in Europe is a sufficient proof of the need there is of such a reformation—no time more proper for it than the present—no one more more capable of forming the basis of such a regulation than my Friend—and if proper, I know it will be encouraged.
I sent a long paper on oaths, by a Gentleman of my acquaintance from Maryland— Pray keep this subject in sight.— The Massachusets Goverment has adopted such a plan in part—they have allowed those who conscientiously refuse an Oath, to qualify themselves for offices, by an affirmation— this is liberal— and the more to be regarded, as I dare say it Sprung from the breasts of those who had the modification of this goverment committed to them and not from any solicitation of ours, or others who had similar Scruples.
It is a singular event in the history of the human mind, that a state heretofore considered as one of the most intolerant— should have framed one of the most liberal plans of Government ever framed in the world.
My worthy Frd. D. Barclay and myself, not being able to influence our superiors, have become superiors ourselves.— We have engaged the society we belong to, to purchase Ackworth schoolhouse in Yorkshire, built as an appendix to the foundling hospital— It is converted into a school for a plain English education for the children of such amongst us who are not in affluent circumstances. We have got together near 300 children boys and Girls in less than a year— We have got people to superintend it diligently— We were there together this autumn and had the satisfaction to see a numerous and orderly family—
I dare not touch upon our situation—but it is tending to the point, Slowly yet certainly, which may probably may prove extremely advantageous to us—poverty and distress—seldom enemys to virtue. Whilst a single man or a single guinea can be raised—peace is hardly to be hoped for—and while comissarys and a tribe of devourers are employed, they will always find means to urge a mind not disposed to relent in your favour—to proceed with vehemence however ineffectual— I think your business is, to risque nothing— You lose in Action for the most part, the advantages you reap from patienc— The late affair in Carolina is a manifest proof of it—and I fear if you prompt your general to do more than he ought you may still be sufferers— But I am not a judge of these matters— Accept my very cordial thanks, for thy great kindness to Dr. Waterhouse—a little Friend and relation of mine, who I hope will do his country no discredit. After he has had a little experience in the practice of Physick I think, should the States of Massachusets ever establish a school of medicine—and such there should be, that if he lives and has his health, he would fill a chair in it very properly. At present he is too young—too inexperienced but he has collected good materials, tho’ I am confident without any such intention—for such a purpose.—
With cordial regard—and undiminished esteem I am thy affectionate Frd
J Fothergill

Notation: Fothergill 25 Xbre. 1780


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Jay, 25 October 1780
From: Jay, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir,
Madrid 25. Oct. 1780.
Your very agreable and friendly Letters I have recd. and shall take an early Opportunity of answering fully.— I have no Reason as yet to think a Loan here will be practicable. Bills on me arrive daily. Be pleased to send me a Credit for Residue of our Salaries.— America rises in the general Estimation here.
Tell Mr. Deane I have recd. four of his Letters & written three to him. He may expect to hear from me again soon.
Prince Massarano sets out for France early in the Morng. I had intended to devote this Afternoon & evening to writing by him but have been prevented by Company. It is now late at Night and can see little.— I am much indebted to the Politeness of this Nobleman, and except at his Table have eaten no Spanish Bread that I have not paid for since my arrival in this City.— This Circumstance will I flatter myself recommend him to your particular Attention, which I have Reason to think would be very acceptable, from the Respect & Esteem which he frequently expresses for you. The Duke of Crillon who accompanies the Prince has also been polite to us.—& I fancy they will both receive Pleasure from finding me sensible of their attentions. The Princess appears to me to have much merit— I regret her Absence, and the more so perhaps as it will not be supplied. She is a Lady of much observation & Discernment.— God bless you my Dear Sir, I am affectionately & Sincerely your Friend & Servant—
(signed) John Jay
His Excelly. Dr. Franklin,


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jean de Neufville & fils, 25 October 1780
From: Neufville, Jean de, & fils
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honourd Sir!
Amsterdam 25 Oct: 1780.
With all reverence we take leave to lay again before Your Excellency; that we have not yett received the permission for the Acceptance of the last mention’d bills on Mr Laurens of which the bearers apply’d again, butt were persuaded to wait untill next maill, Should we then not find our Selfs favour’d with directions from your Excellency, we shall be obliged to accept them; there hath been presented Six— New bills to the Amount of three thousand three hund Gild. [Guilders] which we offer to your Excellencys notice as the bearers consented to wait a fourthnight for our consent butt as they Suspect us Some of them to contrive this to gain by those means a fourtnights time, we have gallantly consented, that when Accepted, it should be from the date of their presentation.
With all Respectfull Regard we have the honour to be Honourd Sir. Your Excellencys most devoted And most Obedt. hum Servt.
John DE Neufville & Son.


Title: William Temple Franklin to Jonathan Williams, Jr., 25 October 1780
From: Franklin, William Temple
To: Williams, Jonathan Jr.

Dear Jonathan,
Pasy 25. Oct. 1780.
My Grandfather is laid up with the Gout & cannot write. He directs me to acknowledge the Receipt of your letter of the 17th. Inst.— He is entirely unacquainted what the Freight you propose is worth, but in order to assist the Ship Mars in returning to Boston, he is willing to advance twelve thousand Livres, provided she will take a hundred Tons of the Military Stores now in the arsenal at Nantes. If Mr. Austin thinks fit he may take more. The 12,000 livs. is intended to be on Acct. of said Freight, The remainder to be paid by Congress when they shall have settled with State of Massachusetts, what they are to pay pr. Ton.
This is all my Grandfather can do: & he desires me to add that he hopes you will not by any Fresh Propositions endeavour to get more Money from him.
We have not as yet an Ans. from the Farmers General relative to the Order desired of them for the transport of the Saltpetre.
Your communicating this Letter to M. Austin, will render my writing to him unnecessary. Please to make him my Complts.
Inclosed you have the order you desired for Mr. Schweighauser.
I am ever, my dear Friend.
(signed) W.T Franklin

P.S. M. Chaumont who is present desires me to make you his Complts.
M. Williams.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Jean de Neufville & fils, 26 October 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Neufville, Jean de, & fils

Gentlemen,
Passy 26. Oct. 1780.
I received duly your Favour of the 12th. Inst. & should have answer’d it sooner had not a very severe Access of the Gout obliged me to keep my Bed, & rendered me incapable of doing any Business.
I consent to your accepting the seven Bills you mention drawn on M. Lawrens, amounting in all to three thousand eight hundred and fifty Guilders; and to enable you to pay them, you may draw on me for the Amount, making your Drafts payable about the time sd. Bills become due.
Having lately recd. Advice from America of fresh and unexpected Bills on me to a very considerable amount, which I am ill provided to answer I cannot for the future pay any more of those drawn on M. Lawrens: & if any more of them should appear you will present them to Mr. Adams, who replaces Mr. Laurens, & who I make no doubt will contrive means to honour them if possible.
With great Regard I have the honour to be Gentlemen, &c. &c.
Mess. Jean de Neufville & Sons


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Abbé Rochon, [after 27 October 1780]
From: Rochon, abbé Alexis-Marie
To: Franklin, Benjamin

[after October 27, 1780]
Mr. L’Abbé Rochon est prié instament de demander à Mr. Franklin, si l’Eclipse du Soleil vue totale à Penobscot a été observée à New-York ou à New-Cambrige, dont nous ignorons icy les observations à la Reserve de celle de Penobscot qui seule â été envoyée à l’Academie.
On a besoin de celles de New Cambrige ou de New-York.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Jonathan Williams, Jr., 28 October 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Williams, Jonathan Jr.

Dear Jonathan,
Passy Oct. 28: 1780
I last night received together yours of the 21st & 24th.— I had before recd yours of the 19th.
I am glad you have sent me so exact an Acct of the Bills you have drawn on M. de Chaumont, and that you have concluded to draw no more on him, but on me directly. I never understood the Reason of his Proposing that circuitous Operation, & therefore never approv’d of it. Be assured that I have regularly furnish’d him with Funds for the Payment, amounting in the whole to 750,000 l.t. The last 250,000 l.t. was given him about a Month ago. It seems to me that instead of obtaining a Credit by this Measure, I have, in a great Degree paid Ready Money. I think him as you do a very honest and good Man, and tho’ I hear some few Bills on him met with a little Demur, yet I understand they were afterwards paid, & that his Payments go on. I suppose the Government owes him Money, & thence the Propriety of its supporting him. I have no question that his Circumstances are good at Bottom, even that he is rich; but he entreprises too much. As long as his Payments continue regular, I think the Measure you propose to be taken at the Caisse d’Escompte is unnecessary, and may even be hurtful. Mr Grand is of the same Opinion. You know that for our parts we have Sufficient in our hands, to reimburse us if he should fail, the Clothing you bought of him being estimated at 400,000 l.t. and then there is the Freight of the Ms. de la Fayette: If she is ever in a Capacity to receive it. By your State of the Bills, there cannot be near that Sum yet unpaid. You may however be assured of my taking Care of your Credit. I continue laid up with the Gout; & have had no Answer from M. Lavoisier. I am, your affectionate Uncle.

P.S. You forgot to send me the Invoice of the Goods which you promised.

Notation by Franklin: BF to Mr Williams Oct. 28. 1780 Glad of the Acct of Bills drawn on M. de Chaumont and that he has resolv’d to draw no more. Never understood nor approv’d of that circuitous Operation. Ready money, as previous Funds were furnish’d.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from James Lovell, 28 October 1780
From: Lovell, James
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honble. Sir
Octr. 28th. 1780
A Committee was appointed in Congress on the 6th. to draught a “Letter to our Ministers at the Courts of Versailles & Madrid to enforce the Instructions given by Congress to Mr. Jay by their Resolutions of the 4th. Instant and to explain the Reasons & principles on which the same are founded, that they may respectively be enabled to satisfy those Courts of the Justice and Equity of the Intentions of Congress.”
That Comtee. reported a Draught of a Letter to Mr Jay “and that a Copy of it be communicated to Doctor Franklin together with the Resolution directing the Draught.”
There is no member of the Comtee. of forgn. Affairs attending Congress but myself, nor have the Comtee. had a Secretary or Clerk since T Payne’s Resignation. I must entreat you therefore Sir to excuse the Œconomy of my Request that you would transmit to Mr. Jay all of the Papers which happen to reach you directed for him taking Copies of such as are left open for your Information. I persuade myself that you will readily communicate to Mr Adams what appears so much connected with his Commission, though it has not been specially ordered by the Report of the Comtee. upon the Draught.
I am Sir your most humble Servant
James Lovell
Honble Doctor Franklincopy

Addressed: Honble. / Doctor Franklin / France


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Desegray, Beaugeard fils & Cie., 29 October 1780
From: Desegray, Beaugeard fils & Cie.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
St. Malo ce 29. 8bre. 1780.
Etant privés de reponse a la lettre que nous avons eu l’honneur de vous ecrire le 14 de ce mois, la presente est pour vous annoncer que Monsieur Williams nous ayant mandé de nouveau que l’Envoy des salpêtres en question etait trés instant pour profiter d’un Vaisseau qui est en charge a Lorient pour les Etats unis de l’Amerique, nous venons de nous determiner a envoyer ces salpêtres par terre sous acquit a caution avec des Plombs &ca. et nous avons commencé a en charger 263 sacs par 7 Rouliers a la’dresse de Mrs. Gourlade et Moylan a Lorient a 6 l.t. 10 s. du Cent. Nous allons continuer, Monsieur, a mesure qu’il se presentera d’autres Rouliers, a moins que vous ne puissiez nous faire passer incessamment un ordre de Messrs. les fermiers Generaux pour la libre exportation de ce qui pourra nous rester des 1520 sacs de salpêtre ce qui Eviterait beaucoup de fraix et d’Embarras. Nous desirons beaucoup que notre Conduite merite votre approbation, et nous serons toujours flattés de pouvoir vous temoigner le parfait devouement et le respect infini avec lequel nous avons l’honneur d’être Monsieur Vos très humbles et très Obeissants Serviteurs
DeSegray & Cie.
Le Passeport de Mrs. Les Regisseurs des Poudres et Salpetres ne nous sert absolument en rien.Son Exc. Monsieur Franklin a Passy.

Addressed: A Son Excellence / Monsieur Franklin, / Ministre des Etats unis de / L’amerique, /à Passy, / Près Paris.
Notation: Desegray &c Sept. 29. 1780


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Richard Bache, 30 October 1780
From: Bache, Richard
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear & Hond. Sir
Philadelphia Octr. 30th. 1780.
I still remain without any Letters from you; Our Kinsman Mr. Williams wrote me some time ago, that your Letters were put on board the Kensington Capt. Smith, who sailed with the Alliance, but having sprung her Masts, was obliged to put back— She is not yet arrived— I have a few Lines from Temple dated in March, desiring me to send you some Nuts & Apples. I could not procure them in time for this Vessel, shall have a fine opportunity in a Week or two by a new twenty Gun Ship, called the Shelela— Inclosd you have 1st. Bills for the Amount of Interest of your Money in the Loan Office to the 10th Sepr. 1780. I have never heard yet whether the Bills, for the last years Interest, got safe to hand, but suppose they did, as some of the set went with Mr. Gerard— Besides the other weekly papers, you will receive herewith, the Dutch papers printed by Styner & Cist, formerly Apprentices with Mr. Miller, the old Gentleman has not done any Business for some time past; I saw him the other day, when he desired to be remembered to you.—
Mr. Lee is at last arrived here, he & his friend are endeavoring to kick up a dust; on Thursday last notice was given by a Member in Congress; (one Mr. Mathews of South Carolina) that he should [of] this day move for your recall; what the event will be I know not, but it is generally conjectured out of doors, that it will be a vain attempt.—
I have no news that the papers don’t furnish, the Family is well, and join me in love & Duty to yourself & Temple. I remain Dr. Sir Your ever affectionate son
Rich. Bache
We long to hear from Ben, give our love to him.Dr. Franklin

Addressed: Dr. Franklin


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Harmon Courter, 30 October 1780
From: Courter, Harmon
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
L’Orient 30th October 1780
I wrote you the 2d Inst. again troubled you with a few lines. I acquaint you that I have been unfortunate enough to loose my Ship in this Harbour, by receiving much damage in a Gale of Wind On the 10th. Inst. In consequence of which thought well to Overhall her, and found her unfit for Sea: As you are at the helm Of affairs, and I entertaining the highest Oppinion of your friendshipe for me; from a former Circemstance, thout it did Not suceed requests your Interest in point of procuring me A Ship, The Tarepscord is now in this Harbour; and I undrestand no one as yet appointed to her Command; I am here with 100 Officers and men reaedy to Step on board Of a Ship; If you think well should be happy to except Of her, or any other Ship of Ware, upon due encouragement I can raise any number of men here, that may be Necessary to compleat a Crew.
My Command that you’l be pleas’d to appoint Me too, will be manfully and faithfully discharged by Honoured Sir your most Obdt Humble Sarvt
Harmon Courter

P.S. Sir I request you answer by the returne of the Post
The Honble: Benj Franklin

Addressed: The Honble: Benj Franklin Esqr. / pasay / Parris / per Post
Notations in different hands: Hamon Couter. L’Orient. 30 Oct 1780. / Ansd 5 Nov 80 by W.T.F.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Marie-Elisabeth Fournier, 30 October 1780
From: Fournier, Marie-Elisabeth
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
de paris ce 30 8bre 1780
Connoissant votre bon Coeur toujours disposé à obligér et mon mari et moy nous trouvans forcés de Chercher à nous procurer quelque dedomagement des pertes que nous avons essuyes par des Banqueroute et en manquant douvrage de notre Etat pour La fonderie. Permetez moy de madressér à vous pour vous prier trés instenment Monsieur de vouloir bien nous procurer quelque personnes de votre Connessance qui desireroient se mettre en pensions dans un Cartier en bon aier et prés du Jardin du Roy et prés des boulevars nous sommes actuellement Loges rûe Copeau au Coin de La rûe neuve st. Etienne La porte Cocher en face du sabot d’or. Notre appartement et au premier il à même remise et écurie dans La maison nous pouvont prendre Jusqu’a trois ou quatre pensionaires. Je vous seray obligé de vouloir bien penser à nous. Vous étez aporté de nous rendre ce service important par La quantité d’ameriquains qui vienne demeuré a paris et qui on L’honneur de vous voir. Daignez ne pas nous La refuser cette grace de vos bontes. Mon mari à L’honneur de vous presenter ses três humble respects et moy celuy de me dire tres parfaittement, Monsieur Votre três humble et três obeissante servante
Gando FEMME FOURNIER

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Francquailee / dans La maison de Mr. Chommont / A passÿ
Notation: Fournier. Paris ce 30. 8bre. 1780.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Jay, 30 October 1780
From: Jay, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dr Sir
madrid 30 Oct 1780
The Pleasure given me by your Letter of the 2d. Inst may more Easily be conceived than expressed. I am greatly obliged by your Attention to my Embarrassmts. In my last on that Subject which you recd. was a Copy of my Letter to Count D Vergennes from which it appeared that the Sum I shd. have occasion for wd. probably be considerable and far exceed 25,000 Dollars, Bills to the amt of 100,000 Dollars have arrived. A Loan cannot be effected here. What the Court will do is as yet uncertain & may long continue so. I should have replied to your Letter before but as I daily expected to hear from Ct. D Vergennes I waited with a view of mentioning the Import to you. The enclosed Copy of a Note I recd from Count Montmorin contains all the advices I have on that Head. My Situation continues unpleasant and tho my Endeavours are not wanting to better it, future Events are too uncertain to be relied upon. To be active prudent & patient is in my Power, but whether I shall reap as well as sow & water God only knows.
I have often been told of the former Supplies and asked how they were to be reimbursed. My answer has uniformly been that I knew neither their amount or Terms, & that I wished to be furnished with an acct of both, &c &c. As yet I have not been able to obtain it.
Some Mistake must have given occasion to any of the Bills drawn on me being returnd. without Acceptance. The Fact is that tho I often delayed (with the Consent of the Holders) yet I never refused to accept any of them.
I have written several Letters to Congress requesting them to forbear drawing further Bills till proper Funds should be established for their Payment. Mere contingent assurances or flattering Inferences drawn from flattering Expressions ought never to be considered as a sufficient Foundation for such serious Measures.
Cornwallis it seems has cropt some of Gates’s Laurels, and Mr Laurens is in the Tower. European Policians will I suppose, tho often deceived in the same Way again think America on her Knees in the Dust,— Had Ternay been supported the Campaign wd. have had a different Termination. Much money and Spirit has been wasted by this Disappointmt.— Of the Latter indeed we shall never be in Want, and I shd be happy if the like cd. be said of the former. The Conduct of France towards us has been friendly, and tho I cannot forbear to think she has been too inattentive to this Object, my Gratitude towards her is not impaired by it. I regret it as misfortune not blame it as a designed Omission.
I wrote to you last week and now enclose a Duplicate of another Letter. You may rely on my reimbursing You the Advances on Acct of our Salaries out of the first Remittances I receive.
I have often congratulated my Country and myself on your being at present in France, I once expected to have seen you there and to have profited by the Lessons which Time & much Experience have taught you. Miracles have ceased and my Constitution does not promise Length of Days or I shd. probably desire you when you ascend to drop me your Manttle. That you may long retain it is one of the Prayers of your Frd & Servt
J.J.
To Dr Franklin 30 Octr 1780


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Castries, 31 October 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Castries, Charles-Eugène-Gabriel de La Croix, marquis de

Sir,
Passy 31. Oct. 1780.
I received duly the Letter your Excellency did me the honour of writing to me on the 17th. Inst. inclosing a List of Prisoners made by American Vessels & delivered to the Capt. of the British Cartel Ship the James, on Acct. of the United States, I am very sensible of your Excellency attention in forwarding me this list and beg you to accept my thankful acknowledgments.
I am honour’d likewise with your Excellency’s favour of the 17th. inclosing Letters from Americans, prisoners in England to their friends in America which I shall forward by the first Opportunity.
I have likewise to acknowledge the Rect. of another Letter from your Excellency relative to Messrs. Delap’s Request I should not have thus long delay’d acknowledging the Reception of these several Letters, had not my Illness prevented me for some time past attending to any business—
With great Respect, I have the honour to be Sir, &c.
M. Marquis de Castries.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Thomas Digges, [31 October 1780]
From: Digges, Thomas
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dr. Sir
[October 31, 1780]
The rigorous Confinement of Mr L yet Continues. I did hope eer this there would have been some abatement in it. There is no telling upon what principle it is they confine Him a close Prisoner of State after so many precedents have been set. Sullivan, Sterling, Lee, Lovell, & many others. But why should we expect these folks to act upon any principle. To treat a Citizen of a State thus compleatly in possession of Sovereignty de facto, is very extraordinary. They apparently mean to exasperate America & drive them to acts of retaliation. They seem to govern without any reason or principle, & to conduct their affairs without System, delivering themselves up intirely to the Government of their Passions & their Caprice. This treatment of Mr L, together with Lord Cornwallis’s late Military Executions & cool butchery of defenceless People in So Carolina will irrevocably seal the perpetual disunion between G. Britain and America. Cornwallis’s & Tarletons late Gasconade serves to diminish the esteem of mankind for the People of England, by giving fuel to their passions, & making them throw off the masque. I dont believe that His advantage is half so great or the Amerin. loss half so much as they represent. Time you know is the mother of Truth. Audi alteram partem, & wait the consequences. Fighting is the thing—fighting will do the business—defeats will pave the way to Victories. Patience! Patience! Il y en a beaucoup en Amerique. Tis however to be lamented that peace is so far distant—at least appearances speak it so— Come when it will, we may safely pronounce that it will be accompanyd with anguish & humiliation to the Savage Heart (of “White-Eyes”) that seems insatiable of human gore.
I shall keep this open to give You the substance of the Speech now about dilevering in the Ho Lords. That Society of worthies will be added to by abot. a dozen new plumpers for Ministry. I dare say He will find His usual majority in the other stable, for there is a motley & a curious set got into it this sessions. It is not much to us who is out;— The nation will go to the end of its tether as your friend Govr Bernard did, let who will be in or out.— We know the worst of it—& are prepard, let it come. The weaker our Enemies before they make Peace the safer we shall be & the longer the Peace will last. As to Friendship of Great Britain towards America it is gone to all Eternity. She never can forgive us the injuries She has done us.
Not a word from the wt.ward but what you have read in the news. The talk now of 10,000 Men going to Ama. is reducd to six—most likely these are only meant for the Wt Indies with the 4. Sail of the line going soon under Adl. Hood. A Small N York fleet lately saild without any. Our Gd. fleet passd Plymo. on a Cruize this 27th. Inst. 26 Ships.
This frd. whom I have lately wrote to you about, has his Communications, & very lately expressd an expectation of hearing from You.
I am with the highest respect Yrs.
Wm Fitzpatrick

There was no speech today—it is not to be given till tomorrow— the jet of it is said to be for a continuance of the Amn. War—that the success of Lord Cornwallis justifys the continuance of the war provided it is carryd on with spirit—much praise is given to His Lordships gallantry & conduct—comps. & prayer as usual for more money—that it shall be prudently and faithfully applyd &ca. &ca &ca

Cornwall was proposd as Speaker by Lord G. Germaine he had votes
234

Sr. Fletcher Norton
  203

Cornwall carryd by a Majority
  31

Addressed: Monsieur B.F
Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Grand / Banquier / Paris


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from [Jean-Baptiste?] Vandenyver, 31 October 1780
From: Vandenyver, Jean-Baptiste
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Paris ce 31 Octobre 1780
Vandenyver a Lhonneur dassurer Monsieur franklin de Ses tres humbles Respects et de Linformer que ce Sont Mrs Hope & Comp damsterdam qui ont envoÿés les Effets pour etre acceptés avec ordre de les Leur renvoÿer revetu de cette formalité ou a protest. Je serai tres reconnoissant a Monsieur franklin Sil veut avoir la bonté de me les faire parvenir pour que je puisse Satisfaire Mrs Hope par premier Courier.

Notation: Vandyniver 31. Octr. 1780.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to John Paul Jones, 1 November 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Jones, John Paul

Dear Sir,
Passy, Nov. 1. 1780.
I received duly yours of Oct. 13 & 20th. I am extreamly sorry for your Misfortune. The Storm was a terrible one, it was well you escaped with your Lives.
Since your Departure I have received the Acct. of Messrs. Gourlade & Moylan, and I am astonished to find that I am charged with so heavy a Sum as near 100,000 Livres for the Expences of the Ariel. After having twice entreated you for god Sake to consider my Circumstances, the Difficultyes I had to provide for so many Expences, and not take any thing but what was absolutely necessary, which you promised me fully you would attend to, I am surprised to find a charge of near 6000 Livres for Shot, which cannot be wanted in America, where they are made in Plenty; 5566. Livres 16. s for Drugs, an enormous Quantity, and more than 20000 Livres for Slops. &c. after all the officers and Sailors had had considerable Advances made them, without consulting me. Perhaps it will be said, that the Drugs and Slops may be wanted or useful in America. But you will easily conceive on Reflection that if every Person in office in a Ship of the States takes the Liberty of judging what is wanted in America, and in what Quantities, and to order those Quantities leaving me to pay for them, I may not only be involved in unexpected Debt and Demands as at Present, but very unnecessary and unproportioned Supplies may be sent over to the Damage of the Publick.— I find myself therefore under the Necessity of putting stop to this Proceeding: And I know no other way of doing it, than by absolutely refusing Payment of such Charges, made without my Orders or Consent first obtained. Some Medecins & some Slops may be necessary, but those Quantities appear to me enormous.
I send you herewith Copies of the Oath taken by the Subjects of the United States, with Passes for such of the Gentlemen arrived from Maryland as chuse voluntarily to take the oath before you. to whom I hereby give all the Power that in me lies of administring those Oaths in my Stead. Those who do not chuse to take the oath, can have no Claim to Passport from me; they must be considered as British Subjects, and in the Disposition of the Government. The Passes you give may be so worded, as to prevent the Gentlemen preceeding sooner than you judge proper, if you have any Suspicion that dangerous Information may be obtained from them. I have had a most severe Attack of the Gout which Still harasses me, and I write in great Pain. I am, with much Esteem, dear Sir. &c. &c.
Comme. Jones.[In the margin:] Sent a Duplicate of this Letter on the 18 Nov. 80 the Original having miscarried—


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Jonathan Nesbitt, 1 November 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Nesbitt, Jonathan

Sir,
Passy, Nov. 1. 1780.
I duly received the Letter you did me the honour of writing to me the 20th. past. But have been too ill to answer sooner. I am sorry that anything happened in the Disention of your Friend, that is disagreable to you or to him. I send down by this Post Directions to Commodore Jones to receive his Oath to the States & deliver him a Passport. But as there are other Persons in Company, & I find there are Apprehensions that Intelligence early given in England either thro’ Inadvertence or otherwise, may be prejudicial to the Interests of Persons concerned in the Ships going to America, and to the Publick I have left a little in M. Jones’s Discretion as to the time of the Passports, commencing, which I hope will not be very Inconvenient to M. Cheston. I wish to know, if he is any Relation of a M. Daniel Cheston whom I knew about 40. Years ago, & who then lived I think on Chester River. Please to present my Compliments, & excuse my not writing to him, as I am in continual Pain. I have the Honour to be, Sir, &c.
M. Nesbit.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Samuel Wharton, 1 November 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Wharton, Samuel

Dear Sir,
Passy, Nov. 1. 1780.
I received your Favours of the 14th. & 20th. past, But have been so continually harass’d by the Gout, as to be unable to write or think. I congratulate you on your mirculous Escape. But am extreamly concerned at the various Accidents that have so long delay’d & prevented your happy Return to your family, Friends & Country.— I thank you for the Information relating to the Passengers arrived from Maryland. I have impower’d Comme. Jones to receive their oaths to the State, & then to give them Passports, under such Restrictions as to the time of their Departure as he may think the public Good Shall require. I write in much Pain, & can only add that I am, Dear Sir, Your m. o. & m. h. S.
Samuel Wharton Esqr.