Title: From John Adams to Jonathan Fay, 25 June 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Fay, Jonathan,Hunt, Joseph

To the Inhabitants of the Town of Concord in the State of Massachusetts.
Gentlemen
Philadelphia June 25 1798.

I thank you for this Address. Your Encomium of the Executive Authority of the national Government, is in a high degree flattering.
As I have ever wished to avoid, as far as prudence and necessity would permit every concealment from my fellow Citizens of my real Sentiments from  in matters of Importance I will venture to ask you, whether it is consistent with the Peace We have made, the friendship We have stipulated or even with common decency and Civility, to mark express a marked Resentment to a foreign Power, who is at War with another, whose Enmity ill Will we experience every day, and who will very probably in a few Weeks be acknowledged to be an Ennemy in the sense of the Law of Nations? A Power too, which has invariably acknowledged Us to be a Nation for fifteen Years? A Power that has never had the Insolence to reject your Ambassadors? A Power that at present Conveys your Trade and their own at the Same time? Immortal Hatred, inextinguishable Animosity is neither Sound Philosophy nor true Religion, nor good Policy. Our Ancient Maxim was “Ennemies in War, in Peace Friends.” If Concord drank the first Blood of Martyred freemen Concord Should be the first to forgiveget the Injury when it is no longer usefull to remember it. Some of you as well as myself remember the War of 1755 as well as that of 1775. War always has its horrors and civil Wars the worst. If the Contest you allude to was dubious, it was from extrinsic Causes: it was from partial and enthusiastic and habitual Attachments to a foreign Country, not from any question of a Parity of Strength.—It is highly Usefull to recollect, Fifty five thousand Men upon Paper and thirty thousand Men in Fact, was the highest Number Britain ever had in Arms in this Country. Compute the Tonnage of Ships necessary and actually employed to transport these Troops across the Atlantic? What were 30,000 Men to the United States of America even in 1775? What would 60,000 Men be now in 1798?—Let not fond Attachments, & Enthusiastic devotion to another Power parralize the Nerves of our Citizens a second time, and all the shipps in Europe that can be Spared officerd and manned will not be sufficient to bring to this Country an Army capable of any long Contest.
Your Compliments to me, are far beyond my Merits, your Confidence in the Government and determination to Support it, are greatly to your honor

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to United States Senate, 25 June 1798
From: Adams, John
To: United States Senate

Gentlemen of the Senate
United States June 25t 1798

I nominate Jabez G. Fitch to be Marshall of the District of Vermont for four years according to the Law the Term of his former Appointment being expired

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to William Crane, 25 June 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Crane, William

To the Regiment of the Militia of the Borough of Elizabeth in New Jersey
GentlemenPhiladelphia June 25th 1798

I thank you for your Unanimous Resolution presented to me by the Speaker Mr Dayton, “to stand ready at the Call of your Country, with your Lives and Fortunes to Support the Laws, Government and Rights of your Country against all her Ennemies.”
John Adams


Title: From John Adams to Samuel Ringgold, 25 June 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Ringgold, Samuel

To the Volunteer Troop of horse, called the Federal Blues of Washington County in the State of Maryland.GentlemenPhilaa. June 25th 1798

your address to the President, Senate, and house of Representatives of the United States, has been presented to me, by your representative in Congress Mr: Baer.
your opinion of the Sincerity of the Executive authority in its endeavours to preserve peace, is as well founded, as that of the impropriety of the Conduct of the Executive directory of France towards our Envoys—
your determination to support with your lives and fortunes all Such constitutional measures as the Goverment of the United States, Shall in their wisdom adopt, does you honor

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to Jonathan Bell, 25 June 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Bell, Jonathan

To the Companies of Artillery Cavalry and Infantry and others convened with them, Inhabitants of the Town of Rutland, in the Western Distric of the State of VermontGentlemen
Philadelphia June 25 1798

I thank you for this Address, presented to me by one of your senators in Congress Mr Chipman. When you ascribe to me a uniform Protection of your Youth your Government and your Country, your Affection and respect carries you to expressions far beyond my Merits. Sincerity and Industry in your Service are all that I can pretend to. The first Proclamations of the Liberties of France, were heard with Joy not only in America but in many Parts of Europe, which have fallen Sacrifices to their own Simplicity.
The Words Republican Government which never have been and never can be generally disgraced in the Minds of Men, without danger of universal Despotism have imposed on many, who had very imperfect Ideas under these words them. As there are none in our Language more indeterminate, they may be interpreted to mean any Thing. A Republican Government for Thirty Millions of Men in a Mass, must be very well digested or it will be more arbitrary and tyrannical than Despotism itself. The Monarchy of France was Freedom in comparison with Anarchy.
I can neither add nor add nothing to what you have Said of the Conduct of France nor diminish any thing from it.
Your Confidence in Government, and determination to support it in vindicating the Independence of your Country against the Fate of Venice and Genoa, do you great honor.

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to Abraham Rutledge, 25 June 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Rutledge, Abraham,Davis, Dennis

To the Companies of Infantry commanded by Captains Rutledge and Davis of Washington County in the State of Maryland,GentlemenPhiladelphia June 25 1798

I thank you for this Address presented to me by your Representative in Congress Mr Baer.
The Sincere Affection you express for the Government of your Choice, and determination at every hazard to support it, are the more acceptable, because a Majority of you, exercising the Right of Freemen have not only indulged but freely expressed their opinions in opposition to certain measures of Government.
I cannot however upon this occasion forbear to lament the gross Misrepresentations which have misled so many Citizens in their opinions of many Measures.
John Adams


Title: From John Adams to United States Senate, 26 June 1798
From: Adams, John
To: United States Senate

Gentlemen of the Senate
United States June 26th 1798

I nominate William McGuire of Virginia to be Chief Justice of the Mississippi Territory—
William Henry Harrison Esqr: of Virginia to be Secretary of the Territory, north west of the River Ohio—
Josiah Blakely of New York to be Consul of the United States in St. Jago in the Island of Cuba—

John Adams


Title: To John Adams from John Hurd, 26 June 1798
From: Hurd, John
To: Adams, John

Sir
Boston 26th. June 1798

When I had the honour of writing you so long ago as March 1790 soliciting your Assistance for an Appointment to some public Office that might afford me a decent Support in the Decline of Life—You were pleas’d Sir, in yr. Answer of 5th Aprl. following, to say—That you shou’d be happy to have an Opportunity of serving me both from a Regard to my Services & early Attachment to the Cause of my Country, & from an agreeable Recollection of my private Character, & your former personal Acquaintance with me—but as the Office you then held did not allow of your intermedling with Appointments except in particular Cases, when your Opinion was asked in Matters of Fact;—and shoud such a Case happen, your Report wou’d certainly be much in my favour.—
As You now Sir, have it in yr. Power, All Appointments to Offices resting with the Supreme Executive, and an Opportunity happens at this Juncture, I beg leave to offer myself a Candidate for the Loan Office in this Town, become vacant by the recent Demise of Nathl. Appleton Esqr.—It is very probable there may be several Others soliciting for this Office, tho’ None, I presume, who have waited longer, & with more patience for some Notice to be taken of them for past Services, & whom it may more essentially serve—Shoud you Sir, think me a proper person to supply this Vacancy—you may rely on my Utmost Exertions & close Attention to the faithful Discharge of the Business—with a very grateful Return from One who in common with his fellow Citizens sincerely wishes you every Blessing, in particular at this critical Time of Trouble & national Calamity, being with every Sentiment of Esteem most respectfully / Sir / Your very Obedient / humble Servt.

John Hurd


Title: From John Adams to James McIlroy, 27 June 1798
From: Adams, John
To: McIlroy, James,McGowan, John

To the Natives of Great Britain & Ireland Inhabitants of the City of Albany and its Suburbs in the State of New York.
GentlemenPhiladelphia June 27 1798

Whether you are Citizens or strangers I Thank you for this civil Address which is at least civil and polite presented to me by Mr North a Senator in Congress from New York.
The strong sense you express of the Duties of Obedience and support to that Government which benignly protects you, is in conformable to the general Character of Nations the English and Irish Nations.
In return for your Confidence in the general Government of this Country, and your sensibilities to outrages committed against the Interests, Dignity and Independence of the United states, I will venture to say that it is not the Interest, nor the Wish of America that France should conquer Great Britain or Ireland: that She is under no Obligation of Duty or Motive of Interest to contribute, by Loans or Gifts, by Treaties or Alliances, by War or Intrigue, to any such purpose.
I receive very kindly your Pledge of yourselves to be ready to support Government by a chearful Compliance with every demand that may be made upon their your Property, and Exertions. In return I can assure you, of while such a disposition continues that you may rely upon the Protection & Hospitality of this Country, as far as depends upon me
John Adams


Title: From John Adams to George Miller, 27 June 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Miller, George,Connoll, William L.

To the Agricultural Society of Beaver Creek and hanging Rock, Kershaw County South Carolina.GentlemenPhiladelphia June 27 1798

I thank you for this friendly Address and your kind Wishes for my Happiness. My Wishes to govern in  peace, are as earnest as yours. But to govern long in Peace or War is no part of my Object of my desires. I had rather at my Age I had rather cultivate with you the tranquil delights of Agriculture
The Scientific and practical Cultivators of the Soil may be presumed impartial. Your approbation therefore of the Measures of Government is peculiarly pleasing
Your disdain of inveigling designs becomes your Characters as Men of science and Integrity as well as Patriots.
Those who love the Soil and know its Value will generally defend it with their Lives and Fortunes.
Those who Study and cultivate the Land they live in, seldom forget its Creator; your Prayer for your Government therefore is in Character.
The Name of Washington can never be forgotten in the Annals of America. Another Deluge, if it Spared a single Family, would not obliterate it.
John Adams


Title: From John Adams to George Poindexter, 27 June 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Poindexter, George

To the young Citizens of Richmond in Virginia
Gentlemen.
Philadelphia June 27 1798

An Address has been transmitted to me from the youth of Richmond, Subscribed by J. H. Fouchee as Chairman and Geo Poindexter as Secretary.
There is very visible in it, the gallant Spirit of youth, unenervated by Effeminacy, and worthy as far as Ennergy and decision will go, worthy of the best of Causes.
If there are Indications of Prejudices and Misinformation, they are the more to be lamented.
Your Option of Unanimity and Death, or Victory, if your Country should be invaded does you honour. Your Government, Young Gentlemen has no disposition to Oppression.
Military Preparations in our Hours of Relaxation, are elegant Amusements and Salubrious Exercises, for young Men, and calculated to give Strength and Activity to their Bodies, as well as Energy to their Minds, which rather qualify than disable them to gain a future Livelyhood.
A martial Spirit is not easily dissipated when it is once raised and I hope it will long continued as a ground of Confidence & Safety to our Country.
If one Part of the Citizens array themslves against the lawful, just Government of their own Choice, as has been done no ruling in Justice and Mercy, as has been done more than once though at present there is no apparent danger of such disorders, it will be proper for you my young Friends if called upon, to Use your Arms, with all the Fire And Ardor Vivacity and Fire you profess and undoubtedly possess, to bring them to Submission to the Laws.
Your Fathers and You may differ in Opinion according to your Judgments and your Consciences, and exercise your Rights with perfect freedom. But I presume that both will agree with me that We ought to love our own Country better than any other to keep the Peace inviolate, and yeild a ready submission to the Laws
John Adams


Title: From John Adams to John Myer, 27 June 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Myer, John,Old, Joseph

To the Freemen of the Town of Hamburg and its Vicinity, in the state of Pennsylvania
GentlemenPhiladelphia June 27 1798

The Resolutions adopted by you on the ninth of June, have been presented to me, according to your desire by Mr Heister your Representative in Congress.
In a Country where the Legislative and Executive Officers of Government are all elected by the People, so frequently it should Seem very unnecessary that those People Should declare—again before a new Period of election arrives their Confidence in the Objects of their Choice. All Authorities human and divine agree that there must be Government among the People. If they cannot confide in their own Judgments and Preferences, in whom can they confide? Upon Such an occasion as this however, the attachment of the People to their Government cannot be too publickly declared nor too clearly demonstrated. Yours has been made manifest in these Resolutions, in Language the most precise and explicit, as well as your determination to oppose any Nation who Shall attempt any Encroachments to molest, injure hurt or destroy the Honour Interest or Independence of your Country.
John Adams


Title: To John Adams from Thomas Mifflin, 27 June 1798
From: Mifflin, Thomas
To: Adams, John

Sir
Philadelphia June 27th. 1798.

I think it proper to inform your Excellency, that on the evacuation of Port au Prince by the British troops, a very great number of French white-men and negroes were put on board of transports and sent to America. Some of the vessels, I understand, made an attempt to land their passengers at Charleston: two have arrived at this port: and it is said, that the remainder of the fleet may be daily expected in some of our harbours. To prevent, as far as I can, the obvious danger from such an importation at this crisis, I have determined, with the advice of the Attorney General and other State Officers, to prohibit the landing of any french negroes, arriving at the port of Philadelphia, in vessels under the circumstances which I have stated: but the limited jurisdiction of Pennsylvania, the facility with which our regulations may be evaded, by disembarking the negroes in any adjacent State, and perhaps the necessity of extending the prohibition to white-men, induce me to submit the subject to your consideration; and to request such a co-operation of the Federal authority, as your Excellency may deem expedient for the general safety.
I have added to this communication, copies of the documents, containing the information that I have received.
I have the honor to be with perfect consideration / and respect, / Sir, / Your Excellency’s / most obedient / humble servant

(signed) Tho. Mifflin


Title: To John Adams from Oliver Wolcott, Jr., 27 June 1798
From: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.
To: Adams, John

Treasury Department June 27.1798.

The Secretary of the Treasury respectfully reports, to the President of the United States.
That it appears from the enclosed letter of Henry Miller Esquire, Supervisor for the District of Pennsylvania dated June 18th and the letter of William Nichols Inspector of the Revenue for the first survey of the said District, dated the 27th of June instant, that the said William Nichols has misapplied a sum of public money amounting to twenty nine thousand two hundred and seventy one dollars.—
The Secretary of the Treasury submits it as his opinion that William Nichols ought to be immediately removed from the Offices of Inspector and Marshal, which he holds under the Government of the United States—/ All which is most respectfully / submitted.—
Oliver WolcottSecy. of the Treasy.


Title: From John Adams to John Bayard, 28 June 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Bayard, John

To the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas, Justices of the Court of general Quarter Sessions of the Peace, Grand Jurors and Bar of the County of Somerset, in the State of New Jersey
Gentlemen
Philadelphia June 28 1798

This respect full Address Subscribed with Names of various Classes of Citizens So respectable, which has been presented to me by your Senator in Congress Mr Stockton, does me great honour.
It is impossible to contemplate the Aggressions, Injuries and Insults committed by the French Republic against the Government and People of the United States without Indignation. The temperate Policy of America has been pursued to the Utmost Limits consistent  with the Safety of the State.
The long Catalogue of atrocious Crimes  against Humanity Civility, Law and Justice enumerated by you, is in no instance exaggerated
If our Citizens are roused from their Lethargy, and have done away all blind Attachment and infatuated fondness for other Countries, they may confidently hope for a Spirit of Union and Patriotism which under heaven will frustrate the Machinations of any insulting perfidious and insulting Foe.
The Support of our national Independence and Dignity by Gentlemen of your respectable Stations and Characters will have a great Effect.

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to United States Senate, 28 June 1798
From: Adams, John
To: United States Senate

Gentlemen of the Senate
United States June 28 1798

I nominate George Latimer Esq of Pennsylvania to be Collector of the District of Pennsylvania in the place of Sharp Dulany Esqr who has resigned.

John Adams


Title: To John Adams from John Bayard, 28 June 1798
From: Bayard, John
To: Adams, John

ante 28 June term. 1798.

We the judges of the court of common pleas, justices of the court of general quarter sessions of the peace, grand-jurors and bar of the county of Somerset and state of New-Jersey, attending the said court feel it our duty to address you at the present interesting crisis of our national affairs. The wanton and continued aggressions, injuries, and insults committed by the French republic against the government and people of the United States excite our just indignation; while the wise and temperate policy, which has marked your conduct on the occasion, merits our warmest and most uneqivocal approbation. The conduct of France, and the communications of our envoys disclose, on her part, a system of profligacy, plunder, and despotism unknown in the annals of mankind. For the French republic, so boastful of her regard for the rights of man, and love of the human race, it is reserved to set at defiance the law of nations, to disregard treaties, to subjugate, parcel out, and barter away states at her will and pleasure, to plunder and insult unoffending allies, who were once ardent and enthusiastic in her favor, and to endevour to make those allies her tributaries and slaves. France calculates upon her agents, her party and her means in our country to effect her detestable purposes against us. Happily her views have reached America in time to rouse her citizens from their lethargy, to do away all blind attachment, and infatuated fondness for other countries, and to excite a spirit of union and patriotism, which, under heaven, will, we hope frustrate the machinations and successfully repel the attacks of the perfidious and insulting foe.
Be assured, Sir, that we shall at every expence and risk, aid and enforce whatever measures Congress and our constituted authorities may direct for the support of our national independence and dignity.
Archibald MercerJohn BayardNicholas DuboisDavid KellyPeter DumontJohn BryanJohn Mihelmfollowed by 29 other names


Title: From John Adams to Theodore Armistead, 29 June 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Armistead, Theodore,Wilson, George

To the Youth of Norfolk in VirginiaPhiladelphia June 29 1798

Gentlemen
I thank you for this Address in which the Modesty of Youth is united with the Fortitude of Manhood, and the Decency of Expression enhances the Value of the generous and Patriotic sentiments.
Virginia is of so high Importance in the Union, and in my so respectable in my Esteem, that Assurances of Attachment to the Government from any Portion of the People of that state whatever may be their Age, and whether they are given early or late, are always acceptable to me, and will be joyfully received by the Nation at large.
It has been strongly impressed upon my Mind for Several Years, that a Period in the Affairs of Mankind was fast approaching, in when it would be necessary to the American Nation, to revive their martial Spirit, or loose their Character and their Liberties. The young Men, throughout the Union, appear to have been impressed with a similar apprehension. They have the longest time to live, and are most interested.My Advice to you and to all your Contemporaries is, to avoid every unbecoming Action: Soberly and discreetly to contemplate the Dangers of your Country: and above all, in the Ardour of your Passions for military Glory, never to forget the Charity the Humanity the Benevolence and the tenderness of human Life for which your Fathers, under the severest Provocations have been ever been remarkable.

John Adams.


Title: From John Adams to David Perry, 29 June 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Perry, David

To the Students of Williams Colledge in the Massachusetts.Philadelphia June 29 1798

Gentlemen
I have been not less surprised than delighted with an Address from one hundred and thirty Students of Williams Colledge, presented to be my the President Pro Tempore of the Senate Mr Sedgwick. So large a Number in so recent an Institution as it shews the flourishing Circumstances of our Country at present, affords a most pleasing Prospect of young Citizens in a course of Education for the future Government Instruction and service of the Country.
The Composition of your Address does honor shews a respectable Sample of your litterary Talents as the Principles and sentiments it contains do honour to your heads and hearts. It is impossible for the unperverted Mind of youth to see the World filled with Violence as it was before the flood, and every Virtue and every Principle trampled under foot without feeling his soul fired with a generous indignation. Your Readiness to oppose the torrent, with all your youthfull Energy and risque your Lives in defence of your national Rights is greatly to your honor.
The Testimony of your Opinion in favour of the Candor Firmness and Moderation of my Administration, is the more valuable as you have not been educated in the School of Adulation, and speak the pure sentiments of Independence.
When your Eyes are fixed on me as your political Father, you at the same time once excite all the Affections of my heart, and make me sensibly feel my own Insufficiency for the arduous Duties of that important Character. With the Cooperation of the national Councils and the Virtues of our Citizens I despair not of the perpetuation Continuance of our national Prosperity. The Talents and Ennergies of the rising Generation are a sure Pledge of our safety and the growing Importance of America.

John Adams


Title: To John Adams from William Henry Harrison, 29 June 1798
From: Harrison, William Henry
To: Adams, John

Address of the inhabitants of the Town of Cincinnati and its vicinity, unanimously agreed to at a public meeting on the 29h: June 1798.—
To John Adams President of the United States Sir,
29 June 1798

That those, to whom the management of public affairs is confided, should be called from their deliberation, to listen to the opinions of popular meetings, will seldom, we think, be found warranted by discretion or compatible with the good order of society—But at a period like this, when our enemies boast of finding among ourselves the support of their purposes, we presume, that sincere expressions of attachment to our Chief Magistrate, and of confidence in his administration, will not be unwelcom from any part of the extensive country over which he presides.—
Situated as we are at a remote distance from the source of information, we cannot be the first to learn the countries injuries offered our country; but permit us to assure you sir, that we will not be the last to feel or resent them. We are Americans—and as such feelingly alive to the indignities offered our Government, and are ready at the risque of our lives and to the extent of our fortunes, to support the Executive in such measures as he may deem expedient, to maintain its honor of independance.—
Your measures with respect to France, have been dictated by foresight, founded on wisdom, guided by justice, and pursued with that firmness which becomes the Executive of a people, who deprecate the horrors of war; but who disdain the name of peace, when accompanied, with humilliation or oppression.—While they have gradually unfolded many errors of political opinion, and discovered to us where it is, that Liberty is made the pass-word, for the agents of repine & wickedness; they have prepared us, to co-opperate with the councils of our own Government; and convinced us, that it is on ourselves only, we ought to depend, for security and defence. Conduct like your’s merited a like return. It gave us reason to hope, that the friendship, which formerly existed between the two countries, would rather encrease than diminish.—But France, dejenerate, imperious France, regardless of all civil and religious principles, and deaf to the friendly overtures of our country, seeks only to violate our rights, and rob us of our National honor & independance.—
Filled with astonishment & indignation at her conduct, we cannot but admire & applaud the wisdom & firmness of the Executive and the promptness and decision of the Legislature, so eminently displayed, in the measures they have recently adopted.—
These we are happy to add, are the sentiments which we believe at this moment, animate the people of the North Western Territory—
Accept sir our assurance, of the unbounded confidence, we place in your wisdom & firmness in this perilous hour; and of our fervent prayers for your personal happiness, and the prosperity of the country over which you preside.—

Wm, H, Harrison ChairmanGeo: W. Bennet. Secy:


Title: To John Adams from Jared S. Russell, 30 June 1798
From: Russell, Jared S.,Lee, William
To: Adams, John

To the President of the United-StatesSir
ante 30 June 1798

At this alarming crisis, when our social and political compacts are threatened with dissolution, while surrounded by men inimical to our government, who are striving to blast even the buds of patriotism, permit a part of the young men of New-ark to express their confidence and firm reliance in the wisdom, virtue, and patriotism of our chief magistrate, which is daily enhanced by the developement of conduct so consistant with justice and love of country. we behold with a mixture of sorrow and indignation, the conduct of the French republic; we were taught from early youth to cherish sentiments of gratitude and respect for that nation; we viewed her as our friend and ally. but the scene is changed: and, instead of offices of kindness, she is perpetrating the most cruel spoliations; violating the most solemn treaties; disregarding and dispising the approved and acknowledged laws of nations. Self preservation calls aloud to all Americans to fortify their minds with manly Courage, and with energy, to prepare to redress their wrongs; Though we deprecate the horrors of war, yet we would prefer it, with all its concomitant evils, rather than be tributary to any nation on earth. If an appeal be made to arms, we make a solemn proffer of our lives and fortunes to the service of our country. our fathers shall not again fight the battles: they who so nobly fought and bled, to establish liberty shall be convinced that the heroism for which they were distinguished is inherent in their offspring—that we will transmit to posterity, inviolate, our rights and privilages,—support the laws and constitution of our country or die in the attempt, we pledge to our chief magistrate our sacred honors.

Jared S. RussellWilliam LeeDavid AllingAaron Price(44  other signatures)


Title: From John Adams to Benjamin Lurvey, 30 June 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Lurvey, Benjamin

To the Inhabitants of the Town of AmesburyGentlemen
Philadelphia June 30. 1798

I am very glad to find by your Address directed at your Town Meeting on the Eleventh of June that you are Sensible a hauty Nation has been intriguing and plotting to divide you, and prevent your Uniting to oppose their unreasonable Projects.
Your firm and unshaken attachment to the Laws and Constitution of your Country cannot be doubted. Your entire approbation of the Measures of the Executive Authority, towards all foreign Powers and particularly the French nation, is very acceptable.
Your Indignation Abhorrence & Contempt are well placed upon all those, whether foreign or domestic who have busied themselves in propagating an Opinion that the People and their Government have Seperate Interests.
I, too have had the pleasure of hoping that a War might be averted: But has been a hope mingled with strong fears for several Years past, it has been a hope mingled with strong fears. I have no means of controlling a Power, which has sett at defyance all Laws human and divine & which accounts human Life as nothing, without the support of the People who like you promise to carry into Effect such Measures as Shall be adopted, for the Defence of the Country And Securing our Freedom & Independence

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to Edward Hand, 30 June 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Hand, Edward,Ross, James

To one hundred and Fifty officers of the Militia of Lancaster County, in the State of PennsylvaniaGentlemen
Philadelphia June 30 1798

I thank you for this Address presented to me by your Representative in Congress Mr Kittera.
It is indeed too plainly apparent that We must resort either submit to be dictated to by a foreign Power, or resort to Arms for the defence of all that can be held dear to Freemen.
The Happiness you acknowledge under the Influence of a Government of your own Choice mild and equal in its operations, is its best Eulogium and your perfect Satisfaction that it has been and continues to be, administered with Prudence, Moderation and Wisdom, to best Eulogium are the best Eulogium you can pronounce concerning it.
I thank you for your Assurance that should the Insolence and Rapacity of the French Republick, render an appeal to arms the dernier resort you will be ready to support the Rights of the People and the Honor and Dignity of their Government.
I pray the Almighty disposer of Events to confirm your Unanimity and have you always in his holy Keeping

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to United States Senate, 30 June 1798
From: Adams, John
To: United States Senate

Gentlemen of the Senate—
United States June 30th 1798.

I nominate J. Phillips of Maryland to be a Captain in the Navy—
Josias M: Speake of Maryland to be Lieutenant in the Navy—
John West of Virginia to be a Lieutenant in the Navy
These Gentlemen are intended for officers on board The Baltimore, a twenty gun Ship, fitting out at the City of that Name—It is hoped the Senate will consent, that the rank of these officers shall be settled hereafter, as several Captains and Lieutenants may soon be nominated, whose age, experience, &ca: will entitle them to seniority—

John Adams


Title: To John Adams from Tristram Dalton, 30 June 1798
From: Dalton, Tristram
To: Adams, John

Sir
Washington 30th June. 1798

I have really occasion to make an Apology for troubling you so often with my personal concerns—perhaps I presume too much on the Score of private Friendship—That, and Your Candor, I will hope, may plead my excuse—
On the 21st of the last month I did myself the Honor of writing to You–when I took the liberty to mention the probability of a dissolution of my Copartnership with Mr Lear—
It is with pleasure that I have now to inform You, that some explanations have taken place, which will operate to postpone that Event—and it is likely that the House will continue some time—
I, therefore, take the freedom to request the favor of Your estimating the Firm in the same point of View, as You have been pleased to express—
No House can be more advantageously fixed to transact any business, up the Potomac, our commercial Chain extending from this place to Harper’s Ferry–the Site purchased by the United States for an Arsenal–which purchase was made by Mr. Lear, appointed by Mr Pickering, then Secretary of War, for that purpose, & to proceed to carry into execution the Law of Congress, relative to erecting works, as well as to make the purchase.
Permit me to add—that should the interest of the United States require it, Mr Lear would reside on the spot, to superintend any business that might be committed to our Agency. His connections in that Neighborhood are extensive and influential—The Parents of his late Wife, Col. & Mrs Washington, with the rest of their Children, live in, and near to, Charleston—eight miles only from Harper’s Ferry—
Mr Templeman, formerly of Boston, and a particular friend to the Secretary of the Navy, told Mr Lear, yesterday, that Mr Stoddert had informed him, that it was probable Arrangements would soon be made to establish a foundery at Harper’s Ferry—
If it would be for the publick Weal, I should be happy to have it take place—and to find that the House of Lear &ca should be found worthy to have the Charge of it committed to them—
Be pleased to accept my most sincere Professions of Regard, and Esteem and to be assured that I acknowledge myself, with the most unfeigned Affection, / Sir / Your obliged, and / very humble Servant

Tristram Dalton


Title: To John Adams from William Augustine Washington, 30 June 1798
From: Washington, William Augustine
To: Adams, John

Sir
30 June 1798

Your fellow Citizens of the County of Westmoreland cannot at this portentous Crisis withhold their Offering of Gratitude and Respect to their Chief Magistrate, as well to assure him of their unshaken Decision at all Times and on all Occasions to maintain inviolate the Independence of their Country, as to relieve the Reputation of the American Nation from the unfounded Aspersions, Which the Agents of a foreign Country have asserted in Support of Wrongs inflicted in Contempt of a solemn Treaty of Friendship on our unoffending peaceable fellow Citizens, and of Demands made on the Honor and Purse of our Country.
The Declaration that our People are hostile to a Government made by themselves, for themselves, and conducted by themselves, is an Insult malignant in it’s nature and extensive in it’s Mischief: While it supports the Opinion that the Efforts of the accusing Nation have under the Cover of Amity promoted the deepest Injury, it shews too that on the Success of this favourite scheme do they Chiefly rely for the execution of their wicked Projects. On our Enemy the Acknowledgment pours down Shame and Confusion, and is to our Countrymen a monitory Lesson from which great Good We trust will be deriv’d.
That Free Men should differ in Opinion concerning the Measures of their Government is not only to be expected, but is Differences like these (and We believe that generally speaking only such have existed amongst us) while they prove the general Happiness may be consider’d as sure Pledges of united Efforts to defend that Government from Insult and Injury under whose Wing All participate alike in the Felicity it diffuses. If We should unfortunately hold in our Bosom Citizens bearing the American Name, and destitute of the American Heart, they must be few in Number; and wise Laws firmly executed will speedily cure every Evil flowing from this Source: To the Wisdom of Congress We Look for the Remedy, and in your paternal Vigilance and immoveable firmness We rely for it’s effectual Application.
When our Forefathers exchang’d their native Country for the Wilderness of America, Devotion to their God, Obedience to thePrinciples of Morality, Love of Liberty guided by Love of Order were their governing Principles: This precious Inheritance our Fathers cherish’d with sincere Affection, and in a late awful Trial to the influence of these first rate Rules on our infant Nation may with Truth be chiefly ascrib’d the glorious Issue of our Common Toils and common Dangers. That Issue We hold in Trust for our Posterity, and that Trust We will never forfeit: Since that Period We have grown strong by Union. Where is the Nation that can coerce united Columbia into submission? The Sun has not yet shone upon it.
We love Peace We hate War but We prize our Honour too highly to wish the Continuance of the first or to turn from the perils of the last with a degraded name. We believe too (and in this Belief part as well as present Experience justifies us) that the surest Way to preserve peace is to be prepar’d for War.
Your sincere and dignified Endeavours to conciliate Differences, to obtain restitution for Wrongs, and your Determination to sacrifice all secondary Considerations on the Altar of Peace; sheds new Lustre on your well earn’d fame, and adds a new Title to your establish’d Claim on the Admiration and Gratitude of your Fellow Citizens.
Conciliation being rejected, War continued, One Course only was left by which National Disgrace could be instantly arrested, and National Existence permanently maintain’d. That happy Course you have taken with Decision, Frankness, and Fortitude; We cannot hesitate in the part becoming us to act: In Peace We obey the Laws, We foster the Union of the States, We inspire our Children with Love of Virtue, of their Country, and their God: In War We Know but one additional Obligation, To die in the last Ditch or uphold our Nation. This sacred Duty We will teach by our Example, and in full reliance on the Justice of our Cause, We are prepar’d to meet every Event to which We may be expos’d with a Resolution deserving Victory.
To the Almighty Ruler of Nations We humbly commend our Country and our President, and We implore him to pour upon them the continual Dew of his Blessing.

William A. WashingtonAnd 416 other names
State of Virginia Westmoreland County
To Wit
We William Augustine Washington, Henry Smith Turner and George Thomson Three of the Commonwealth’s Justices of the Peace for the County aforesaid, William Stark Jett the High Sheriff, and James Bland the Clerk of the said County of Westmoreland do hereby certify that the Names of the Subscribers to this Address are truly transcrib’d from the Originals in the possession of the said William Augustine Washington, and We do hereby further certify that all the said Subscribers are resident Citizens in this County and that their Number amounts to 416
Witness our Hands this 30th day of June 1798
Willm. Augt. Washington
H.S. Turner
Geo. Thomson
Wm. Starke Jett
Jas. Bland
Westmoreland sct
I James Bland Clerk of the said County do hereby certify that William Augustine Washington Esquire is the Senior Magistrate, that Henry Smith Turner and George Thompson Esquires are Justices of the Peace and that William Stark Jett Esquire is the High Sheriff for this County—
In Testimony whereof I the said James Bland have hereunto set my Hand and affix’d my Seal of Office this 30th. Day of June 1798 and the Twenty Second Year of our Independence.
Jas. Bland


Title: To John Adams from Joseph Chaplain, June 1798
From: Chaplain, Joseph
To: Adams, John

The Address of the inhabitants of the Lower district of Washington Couty. assembled at Sharpsburgh—To John Adams President of the United States of America—SirMay-June 1798

We feel happy in congratulating our fellow citizens of the United States, upon the unanimity of Spirit, which, in Such firm Language, & on so trying an Occasion, bespeaks their resolution to preserve inviolate, that independence, which they have so bravely fought for, and So gloriously obtained—
We desire to offer to you, our unbounded applause, for the Wisdom and Spirited decision, which, have hitherto so eminently distinguished your administration, & we trust that your future conduct & ability, will do Justice to the manly expression of the people, and to the high expectations, which the energy of the Government hath induced them to form. Shall the proud republick of France, attempt to pluck from the brow of Columbia, the Laurels, which her gallant sons have planted there! or Shall any foreign intrigue rob us, of what we have purchased with our blood! No Sir! Since the Supreme disposer of human events, to whose providence we owe our present happiness, hath been pleased to bless us, with the rights of free-men, we are unanimously resolved to defend them, and are prepared to Succeed or perish in the conflict. Be to us an Aristides, of whose administration no man complained, & who never permitted any part of the publick Treasury to be exhausted in vain, & We on our parts, desire you to accept of our best Services, which we exult in unanimously offering towards the Support of our Government; with an humble confidence, that we Shall not be found wanting, on the day of tryial.

Joseph Chaplain.Chairman


Title: From John Adams to United States Senate, 2 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: United States Senate

Gentlemen of the Senate
United States July 2d 1798

I nominate George Washington of Mount Vernon to be Lieutenant General and Commander in Chief of all the Armies raised or to be raised in the United States.

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to United States Senate, 2 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: United States Senate

Gentlemen of the Senate
United States July 2d. 1798—

I nominate Thomas Ross of Pennsylvania to be Inspector of the Revenue for the first survey of Pennsylvania—

John Adams


Title: To John Adams from Thomas Tillinghast, 3 July 1798
From: Tillinghast, Thomas
To: Adams, John

Sir
July 3 1798

Permit me to Recommend to your Consideration George Thomas Esquire as a Candidate Sutable to be appointed Commissioner for the District of Washington & Kent in Rhode Island his Situation as being Central in the District and very much so as Respects the State added to knowledge obtained of the Value of Property in different parts of the State from his having frequently traversed it on Publick Business adds very much to his other qualifications to fill that office. Mr. Thomas is Possessed of good Capacity and Integrity, has fill’d Several Publick offices in the State, the duties of which he has discharged to general Satisfaction, was one of the Committee for Reviseing the Laws of the State, and I am Authorised to add his Nomination meets the Approbation of Mr Greene our Senator who lives in the Same district, and of the Governor of the state, who Contemplates, writeing in his favour when he Shall be Informed of the Act having Passed, and that he will Accept if appointed.
Your Exelency’s Obedt. Sert.

T: Tillinghast


Title: To John Adams from Oliver Spencer, 4 July 1798
From: Spencer, Oliver
To: Adams, John

May it please the president,
4 July 1798

A number of the inhabitants of Hamilton county in the Territory Northwest of the Ohio river, haveing assembled at Columbia for the purpose of celebrateing the auspicious day on which the United States took rank among the nations, and takeing into view the horrid depredations committed on the property of the citizens of the Union, By the cruisers of the French republic, and the neglect of the present rulars court of France to adopt measures for adjustment and reparation; also the contumelious manner in which Executivesthat court has treated our Envoys and through them our nation: beg leave to express our intire approbation of the part acted on the great theatre, by our first Magistrate, by our envoys and the great councils of our nation, with reference to the French Republic, and to assure the President that our feeble efforts shall not be wanting to support the independence, sovereignty and honour of our nation, that we shall cheerfully share the fortunes of our brethren in the Atlantick States, already united, whether prosperous or adverse, in peace or War.
Requested that the Officers present Sign the above in behalf of the Inhabitance present. Requested by the Citizens present that Col: Oliver Spencer forward the same to the President of the United States,
Oliver Spencer ColEphm: Kibbey CaptIgnatius Ross CaptBenjamin Stiles jr: Capt.Wm. Brown Lieut. & Adjt.Saml: Edwards CaptTimothy Kibbey LieutMagistratesP.B. MillerWm. Brown


Title: To John Adams from Elias Dayton, 4 July 1798
From: Dayton, Elias
To: Adams, John

Trenton July 4th. 1798—

The members of the society of the Cincinnati in the state of New Jersey, this day convened at their annual meeting, for the purposes of perpetuating their friendships, and of commemorating together the great events which gave Independence to these United States (in all that purity of intention which we trust has ever been manifested by our Society, and for the truth of which we have appealed to Heaven and our own hearts) do now beg leave, in common with our fellow citizens, to address our Chief Magistrate, for the purpose of expressing our entire satisfaction with his administration of the government, and in particular as it relates to the injuries & insults which have been received from the French Republic, as also of making assurance of our readiness, again to take the field in obedience, to any call of our country, in vindication of its national honor, and in support of that Independence, for the establishment of which, we patiently endured the toils hardships and dangers of an eight years war.
While we contemplate another and perhaps more arduous struggle for the Independence of our country, we are too sensible of its cost and value, not to be willing again, and again, to put our lives and all we hold dear on earth, at the hazard, and should our country by reason of intestine divisions (which we trust are vainly counted upon) fail in asserting her National rights against the aggressions of that ambitious and haughty nation, which in pursuit of her objects, sets at defiance all laws human and divine, we shall consider, that all our labors and victories past, shall have been in vain, and that the Independence, which we are this day celebrating, will instead, of being a blessing to us, only shew our folly in assuming rights we had not the spirit to defend.
Under these solemn impressions, we pray you, Sir, to place the utmost reliance on the sincerity of our declaration, when we profess our readiness to offer, on the altar of our country, whatever services may be derived from that knowledge and experience in military affairs, acquired by us during the late revolutionary war, and which yet remains after the deaths of so many of our companions in arms, and we trust, Sir, that new and still more glorious victories are still in store for us, when we shall have rallyed at the voice of our country under that renowned veteran and beloved chief, who in times which tryed men’s souls, victoriously conducted us to peace & safety, and whose appointment, this day announced, fills our hearts with the most enthusiastic joy and transport.
By the unanimous order of the Society,

Elias Dayton PresidentAttested—Andrew Hunter secretary.


Title: To John Adams from George Washington, 4 July 1798
From: Washington, George
To: Adams, John

Dear Sir,
Mount Vernon 4th July 1798.

Not being in the habit since my return to private life, of sending regularly to the Post Office (nine miles from hence) every Post-day, it often happens that letters addressed to me lye longer there, on that account, than they otherwise would do.
I have delayed no time, unnecessarily, since I had the honor of receiving your very obliging favour of the 22d. Ulto. to thank you for the polite and flattering sentiments you have been pleased to express relatively to me;—and to assure you, that as far as it is in my power to support your Administration, and to render it easy, happy & honorable, you may command me without reserve.—
At the Epoch of my retirement, an Invasion of these States by any European Power, or even the probability of such an events happening, in my days, was so far from being contemplated by me, that I had no conception that that, or any other occurrence would arise, in so short a period, which could turn my eyes from the shades of Mount Vernon.—But this seems to be the Age of Wonders! And reserved for intoxicated and lawless France (for purposes of Providence far beyond the reach of human ken) to slaughter its own Citizens, & to disturb the repose of all the World besides.—
From a view of the past,—from the prospect present,—and of that which seems to be expected,—it is not easy for me to decide, satisfactorily, on the part it might best become me to act.—In case of actual Invasion by a formidable force, I certainly should not Intrench myself under the cover of Age & retirement, if my services should be required by my Country, to assist in repelling it.—And if there be good cause, which must be better known to the Government than to private Citizens to expect such an event,—delay in preparing for it, might be dangerous—improper—and not to be justified by prudence. The uncertainty however of the latter, in my mind, creates my embarrassment;—for I cannot, fairly, bring it to believe—disregardful as the French are of Treaties, and of the Law of Nations; and capable as I conceive them to be of any Species of Despotism and Injustice, that they will attempt to invade this Country after such an uniform and unequivocal expression of the sense of the People, in all parts, to oppose them with their lives & fortunes. That they have been led to believe by their Agents, and Partisans among Us, that we are a divided People;—that the latter are opposed to their own Government;—and that a show of a small force would occasion a revolt—I have no doubt;—and how far these men, (grown desperate) will further attempt to deceive, and may succeed in keeping up the deception, is problematical.—Without this, the folly of the Directory in such an attempt, would, I conceive, be more conspicuous, if possible, than their wickedness.
Having with candour made this disclosure of the state of my mind, it remains only that I should add,—that to those who know me best, it is best known that if imperious circumstances should induce me to exchange once more, the smooth paths of Retirement for the thorny ways of Public life,—at a period too, when repose is most congenial to nature, and a calm indispensable for contemplation, that it would be productive of sensations which can be more easily conceived than expressed.—
The difficulty in which you expect to be involved in the choice of General Officers, when you come to form the Army, is certainly a serious one;—and in a Government like ours, where there are so many considerations to be attended to, & to combine, will be found not a little perplexing. But as the mode of carrying on the War against the Foe that threatens; must differ widely from that practiced in the contest for Independence, it will not be an easy matter, I conceive, to find among the old set of Generals, Men of sufficient activity, energy & health, and of sound politics, to train troops to the quick step, long marches, & severe conflicts they may have to encounter;—and therefore that recourse must be had (for the greater part at least) to the well known, most experienced,—best proved,—and intelligent Officers of the late Army; without respect to Grade.
I speak with diffidence however on this head; having no list by me from which my memory could be refreshed.—There is one thing though, on which I can give a decided opinion; and as it is of the utmost importance to the Public,—to the Army,—and to the Officer Commanding it—be him whom he will; I will take the liberty of suggesting it now; It is, that the greatest circumspection be used in appointing the General Staff. If this Corps is not composed of respectable characters;—knowledge of the duties of their respective Departments;—able, active & firm;—and of uncorruptible integrity, and prudence:—and withal such as the Commander in Chief can place entire confidence in, his plans & movements if not defeated altogether, may be so embarrassed & retarded as to amount nearly to the same thing,—and this almost without impunity on their part.—
The Inspector General, Quarter Master General, Adjutant General, and General of the Corps of Artillerest & Engineers may be considered as so many limbs, or parts of the Commander in Chief, on whom he must depend for correct returns, and distinct information of matters in their respective lines.—Much depends also upon the zeal, alacrity & secresy with which orders are executed;—and it being impossible, at all times,—scarcely indeed at any time,—to Mask designs from some of them, on account of the parts they have to act in the preparation; it is better to make them fully acquainted with the design & thereby make them responsible, than to leave them in the field of conjecture, where no particular responsible would be attached.—The care & comfort of the sick and Wounded—& œconomy in providing & distributing Hospital Stores, depend so much upon the skill—integrity—& activity of the Director of it, that I cannot forbear mentioning of this Officer also, as an importt. one.
The opening given me in your letter is such, as hath prompted me to express these sentiments with freedom;—and persuading myself that you will ascribe them to pure motives, although they may differ from your own ideas, I have no doubt of their being well received.—With the greatest respect & Consideration, I have the honr. to be / Dear Sir / Yr. Most Obedt. H: Servt.

Go: Washington


Title: From John Adams to North Carolina Militia, 5 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: North Carolina Militia

To the officers of the Johnson Regiment of Militia in North Carolina
Gentlemen
Philad: July 5th 1798—

I thank you for this address. Our Commerce is plundered, our Citizens treated with the Vilest indignities, our Nation itself is insulted in the persons of its ambassadors and supreme Magistrates, and all this because we are beleived to be a divided people—how is it possible in such circumstances for Metaphisicians to Chicane or Mathematicians to Calculate, it is to me as to you, incomprehensible—there would be more Wisdom and more Virtue in considering with you an attack upon the Government as an outrage upon the Majesty of the people, and resenting it accordingly—
I thank you for your congratulations on the Unanimity of Sentiment which prevails with you in approbation of the conduct I have observed towards the belligerent Powers, and on the Universal attachment of the Citizens to the Constitution of the United states & for your kind sentiments toward my personal Character

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to Protestant Episcopal Church of Connecticut, 6 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Protestant Episcopal Church of Connecticut

To the Bishop, Clergy, and lay delegates of the Protestant Episcopal church of the State of Connecticut,
GentlemenPhiladelphia July 6th. 1798—

I thank you for this address, agreed on in convention assembled, and presented to me by Mr. Hilhouse one of your Senators in Congress.
Your affectionate attachment to the Laws and constituted authorities of the Government under which you live is, at once a demonstration of candor moderation and liberality in yourselves and in those Laws and Authorities—
Although Affairs of State, as such, are never the subject of your discussion, yet it is impossible for you at some times to discuss the subject of your church without discussing those of the State, or to explain the duties of Men and christians without inculcating those of citizens.
It is not in your power to bestow an higher eulogium on the Government of your country, than by this explicit acknowledgment of the grateful Sense you entertain of the numerous blessings of civil and religious Liberty which you enjoy—May you and your posterity ever enjoy them, and freely as you have received, may you freely give!— Your endeavours to pro promote lenity of opinion, respect for this Laws and reverence for all in authority, are in character. And your prayers to Almighty God, beseeching him so to direct and dispose the hearts of all Christian rulers, that they may truly and impartially administer Justice to the punishment of wickedness and Vice, and to the maintenance of true religion and Virtue I sincerely hope and believe will avail much—

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to James McHenry, 6 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: McHenry, James

Dear Sir
Philadelphia July 6th 1798

It is my Desire that you embrace the first opportunity to sett out on your Journey to Mount Vernon, and wait on General Washington with The Commission of Lieutenant General and Commander in Chief of the Armies of the United States, which by the Advice and consent of the Senate has been signed by me.
The Reasons and Motives which prevailed with me, to venture on Such a step as the Nomination of this great and illustrious Character whose voluntary Resignation alone, occasioned my Introduction to the Office I now hold, were too numerous to be detailed in this Letter and are too obvious and important to escape the Observation of any Part of America or Europe. But as it is a Movement of great Delicacy it will require all your Address to communicate the subject in a manner that shall be unoffensive to his feelings and consistent with all the respect that is due from me to him.
If the General should decline the Appointment all the World will be silent and respectfully acquiesce. If he should accept it all the World, except the Ennemies of this Country will rejoice. If he should come to no decisive determination, but take the subject into Consideration, I shall not appoint any other Lieutenant General, till his Conclusion is known.
His Advice in the formation of a List of officers would be extreamly desirable to me. The Names of Lincoln Morgan, Knox, Hamilton, Gates Pinckney, Lee, Carrington Hand, Muhlenbourg, Dayton Burr, Brooks Cobb, Smith, as well as the present Commander in Chief may be mentioned to him, and any others that occur to you. particularly I wish to have his opinion of the Men most suitable for Inspector General and Adjutant General, & Quarter Master General.
His opinion, on all subjects would have great Weight and I wish you to obtain from him as much of his Reflections upon the times and the service as you can. Wishing you a pleasant Journey and a speedy return, improved health, I am with great Esteem, Dear sir, your most / obedient servant

John Adams


Title: To John Adams from James Brice, 7 July 1798
From: Brice, James,Dinsmore, James
To: Adams, John

To the President the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States of America.
The address and memorial of Sundry Inhabitants of Washington Cou County in the State of Pennsylvania,
Respectfully Sheweth,

ante 7 July 1798

That we sincerely regret that any circumstances should have given any Foreign government ground to believe, that, when the safety of government, liberty, Independence, or prosperity of the United States is menaced, there can be A division of  Opinion among the people of America; that this people, so happy under a constitution and Administration of their own choice, will ever seek the shelter of a Foreign power; or that such a belief, so injurious to the true sentiments of the American people should be avowed by a foreign government, as a motive to unjust vexation, and a means of Accomplishing further oppression, and establishing a Foreign influence against our government, altogether inconsistent with our happiness as a people, and our Independence as a Nation.—
We have seen with sincere pleasure that no effort to obtain Justice and peace with France has been untried, which Justice, candour—Liberality, and affection to that nation could have Dictated, if Justice be refused, and if peace be Obtainable, only on Terms Disgraceful to National Virtue, and Inconsistent with National Independence: By concessions which as not founded on Right, and extorted only by force, instead of securing peace, must invite Rapacity, and end in Slavery: We trust that, that spirit which resisted Britain the usurping power of Britain is yet alive in America to resist usurpation from any nation. And having confidence in those to whose Management we have committed our National Interests we pledge ourselves to support their measures, by a cordial attention to every Duty Incumbent on citizens of a Free and Independent Republic—
Jas BriceJames DinsmoreGeorge WallaceRobert Hamilton40 more signatures


Title: From John Adams to Henry Downes, 7 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Downes, Henry

To the Citizens of Caroline County in the State of Maryland.Gentlemen
Philadelphia July 7th. 1798

Your Address has been presented to Me as You desired by your Representative in Congress Mr: Hindman.—
The present State of our National Affairs indeed demands the Attention of every Citizen, & Uniformity of principles will be our greatest Security.—With your Sentiments of Duty & Love to your Country, if They should be general & uniform throughout the Nation, We may all have Confidence in the gracious Protection of the supreme Ruler.—
Your Approbation of the Measures of Government is a great Satisfaction.—
I cannot agree with You that Tranquillity is always the first of National Blessings—There are Times and Objects, which demand of Men, & especially of Freemen, the Sacrafice of peace Property & Life—Indeed there can be no Peace without uniting, to place the necessary Barriers against the Impulses of Passion, the Insinuations of foreign Influence, the Intrigues of Faction, the Haste of Folly, & the Spirit of Encroachment.—

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to John M. Gill, 7 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Gill, John M.,Jamison, Andrew

To the Inhabitants of Fredericktown and its vicinity in the County of Washington in the state of Pennsylvania.
GentlemenPhiladelphia July 7 1798

Your Memorial to the President Senate and House of Representatives, has been presented to me by Judge Addison and I thank you for it.
From the Beginning of the World the Elements of Division of opinion among the People have existed. The Distinctions of Wise and foolish, learned and ignorant, industrious and idle, Strong and weak, virtuous and vicious have ever prevailed, and while these continue, Men will think and feel differently. One would think that under a Constitution of their own fabrick and an Administration of their own Choice, Men might agree. But We find they do not. To be sure to seek shelter under a foreign Power is another Thing. To be Sure They must be depraved and lost, who are capable of this. Very few if any whose blood was first distilled from the American soil, can be of the Number. These will, very generally pledge themselves with you, to a cordial attention to every duty incumbent on Citizens of a free and independent Republic.

John Adams


Title: To John Adams from Joseph Pitcairn, 8 July 1798
From: Pitcairn, Joseph
To: Adams, John

Sir
Hamburg 8 July 1798

I take the liberty of inclosing, a scetch of the overthrow of the Helvetic Republics, which has just appeared, and is said to be written by a person of merit equal to his eminence. With the greatest deference, I imagine there are some facts, contained, it might be useful for America to know, they establish the encroaching temper of France, on Elective equally with hereditary Governments, & display the evils flowing from Majistrates not directing the public mind, and public force: which seldom if ever fail to support a Virtuous firm and Patriotic Administration.
I have the honor to request your Commands if any thing in Hamburg can be done serviceable to you.
With the higest Respect / Sir / I have the honor to be Your Sert

Jos: Pitcairn


Title: From John Adams to Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, Baron [von] Steuben, 9 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, Baron [von]

To the Officers of the late American Army and Navy assembled on the 4. of July 1798 in the Society of the Cincinnati of the State of New York.
GentlemenPhiladelphia  July 9 1798

Your respectfull Address, has been presented to be by your Senators in Congress Mr Laurence and Mr North who are also Members of your Society. The interesting and critical Situation of our Country, threatoned as it is by a very powerfull foreign Nation, could not fail to command the Attention of Gentlemen of your Characters and Habits of Life.
I am very happy to find that your Opinions coincide with mine upon all the Cardinal points: that our essential rights as a free and independent Nation are at every hazard to be maintained: that the Constitution of our Country as established by the choice of the People, is, in every event to be defended against all foreign controul or interference: that invasion from abroad, from whatever quarter, is to be repelled by united and vigorous exertions: that our Government ought never to Subscribe to national degradation: that the evils of War can bear no comparison with the Sacrifice or abandonment of any of these great Principles.—
It has ever been a maxim with all sound Republicks, that to give War to injustice is the most flagrant Act, and to submit to insult the most pernicious Effect of Cowardice. It is impossible therefore that you who fought the Battles of our Revolution upon Such Principles and with so much Reputation upon such Principles Should not dedicate your Lives to the maintenance of them.
John Adams


Title: From John Adams to United States Senate, 9 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: United States Senate

Gentlemen of the Senate
United States July 9th 1798

I nominate John Smith Brooks Richard Harwood Maryland to be Lieutenant of Marines
Francis Harman Ellison of New York Lieutenant in the Navy—

John Adams


Title: To John Adams from James McHenry, 9 July 1798
From: McHenry, James
To: Adams, John

Sir,
Monday morning 9th. July—1798—

I do myself the honor to enclose, the copy of a letter dated 8. July 1798 the original whereof, I have left with my chief clerk, to be sent by the first mail, to Brigadier General Wilkinson; also the letter from Governor Sumner, which you was pleased to put into my hands, on Saturday.
With respect to Castle Island; It appears to me proper, that the cession, made of it, should be accepted, but that the Convicts, cannot safely, or with propriety, be permitted to remain on it, after it shall be occupied by a Garrison of regular troops. If this should be your opinion, Mr Pickering in my absence, can so reply to the Governors letter.
With the most perfect respect and attachment, I have the honor to be, your most obedient servant—

(signed) James McHenry


Title: To John Adams from Eleazer Russell, 9 July 1798
From: Russell, Eleazer
To: Adams, John

Sir
Naval Office New Hampr / Portsmouth 9 July 1798

In several of the late Boston Centinels, the collector of the Port of Portsmouth Newhampshire, has been cruelly and wantonly abused—A report is also attempted to be spread here, that application has been, or will be soon made to the Executive to remove him from Office
Impelled by an Idea of duty to the Government of the United—To you Sir, and in Justice to Mr Whipple; I am led to address you on the subject; Unknown to him or any one living
Coud you sir take an intuitive veiw of my mind; From the time those peices were published in the Boston News papers signed Nov. Anglos; You woud have a clear Idea of my Political principles; and tender Attachment to you; and it woud lead me to hope to be credited on the present occasion—But as that is not possible; I must proceed with difidence and tremor; and leave the event with Providence and you.
To me Sir, nothing can be clearer than that the removal of Mr Whipple from Office, woud be the greatest injury that coud be done the revenue, so far as it relates to Newhampshire—His abilities are great; His attention unveried, and his care of the public Intrest exceed that of his own personal affairs—Even to the great injury of his health. Were the heads of departments consulted—With whom he constantly corresponds; Tis my opinion, they woud not hesitate to pronounce—That for correctness, punctuallity and aim for the public good; He is not excelled by any collector on the continent.
Mr Whipples political sentiments are truly American; He often declares he is neither French nor English; Tho’ it must be owned he never relished the British Treaty and has been partial in favor of the French Revolution—Yet in no way inconsistant with duty to his country.
No one within the compass of my observation, ever execrated the conduct of the French ministers sent to America, in a higher degree than he does—and from the beginning to this day; Dates the misfortunes of the country from the Arrival of Genet.
Nor can any one speak of you, and the Constitution of the United States in more respectful terms—He often declares he wou’d risk his life for it.
Prejudice and party spirit have raised a cry against Mr Whipple; and I am much mistaken if it did not originate from doing his Duty, and detecting schemes for wronging the revenue.
Much might be said to soften the clamor against the commissioner of Loans, and Captn of the Revenue Cutter—They are steady to their duty, and careful in the performance of it. But Sir, my mind demurs; I hesitate, whether to forward or destroy this—To be that impertinent or officious woud hurt me—Yet conscious of aiming at the public good; and wishing to prevent such reflections as might be cast upon you for any sudden removals from Office, I Venture it on, / And am Sir / With the sincerest affection / your most obdt Servt
E Russell


Title: From Benjamin Stoddert to Commanders of Armed Vessels, 10 July 1798
From: Stoddert, Benjamin,Adams, John
To: Commanders of Armed Vessels

10 July 1798

Instructions to Commanders of Armed Vessels belonging to the United States:—
Given at Philadelphia, The tenth day of July, in the year of our Lord, one thousand, seven hundred and ninety eight, and in the twenty third year of our Independence.—
In pursuance of the Acts of Congress passed the 28th day of May, the 28th. day of June, & the 9th day of July;—
You are hereby authorized instructed, and directed to subdue, Seize, and take any armed French Vessel or Vessels failing under Authority or pretence of Authority from the French Republic, which shall be found within the Jurisdictional Limits of the United States, or elsewhere on the high seas; and such captured Vessel, with her apparel, Guns, & Appurtenances, and the Goods and Effects which shall be found on board of the same, together with all French persons and others, who shall be found Acting on board, to bring within some Port of the United States; and also retake any Vessels, Goods & Effects of the United States, or persons resident thereon, which may have been captured by any French Vessel; In order that proceedings may be had concerning such Capture or recapture, in due form of Law, and as to right shall appertain.—
By Command

Ben Stoddert


Title: From John Adams to William Augustine Washington, 11 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Washington, William Augustine

To my Fellow Citizens of the County of Westmoreland in the State of Virginia
Gentlemen
Philadelpa. July 11th. 1798

An Address so replete with sentiments purely American and so respectful to me subscribed with the Names of four hundred respectable Citizens of Virginia is to me of inestimable Value—
The declaration that our People are hostile to a Government, made by themselves, for themselves, and conducted by themselves, if it were true, would be a demonstration that the people despise and hate themselves; this inference unnatural and shocking as it seems, is however, always literally true of a corrupted people.
A People thoroughly corrupted loath nothing so much as themselves, and with perfect Justice and reason, for they can have no Enemy so odious and destructive. This I thank God, is not yet the character of the American People, though great pains have been taken, and great expence incurred to make it so—The Citizens bearing the American name and destitute of the American heart are few in number, and wise Laws discreetly executed will speedily cure every Evil flowing from this Source.
The concise portrait of your forefathers is drawn by you with a masterly pencil—Devotion to God, obedience to the precepts of morality, Love of Liberty guided by Love of Order—these principles, planted America, and transmitted down from generation to generation, carried this Nation triumphantly through the last war—These principles can alone preserve this Country from the ambition and avarice of Nations who have territories near us, and these principles still revered, the Sun has not Shone upon that Nation, that can coerce united America into Submission—
Even those whose trade it is to die Love Peace and hate War—when their professional duty does not forbid—Honor however is essential to the happiness of Man. Individuals and Nations are miserable without it. Both had better perish than justly forfeit it—The surest way to preserve peace is to be prepared for War. Yet even this is not infallible and in our case I fully beleive at present will not succeed—a year ago it might have answered—
I have no claims, but on the Justice of my fellow Citizens, for their approbation of Integrity, sincerity and diligence; these ought never to have been disputed—
You obey the Laws, foster the Union of the States: you inspire your children with love of Virtue, of their Country and their God—The necessary consequence is you will die in the last ditch or uphold your nation— For these declarations your Country and all nations not abandoned to Vice, will love, esteem and admire you, and may the Almighty Ruler of Nations bless you—

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to Dwight Foster, 12 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Foster, Dwight

Thursday July 12th 1798

The President of the US: requests the pleasure of Mr. Fosters company to dine on Saturday next at 3 oClock


Title: From John Adams to Rhode Island Society of the Cincinnati, 12 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Rhode Island Society of the Cincinnati

To the Society of the Cincinnati, in the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
Gentlemen
Philadelpa July 12th 1798

I thank you for your respectful remembrance of me on the Birth day of our United States—the clear conviction you acknowledge of the firm, patriotic and enlightened policy pursued by the Chief Magistrate of the United States, after a Review of the progress of his Administration, will encourage his heart, and strengthen his hands—
Our Country Supported by a great and respectable Majority of its Inhabitants, will not only be protected from a degrading Submission to National insults, but will be placed I trust on that point of Elevation, where by her Courage and Virtues, she is entitled to stand—
The best “diplomatic Skill” that I know of, is honesty, and whenever the Nation we complain of shall have recourse to that, she may depend upon an opportunity to boast of the Success of her Address—‘Till then she will employ her finesse in Vain—
On the day you resolved to live and die free, and declared yourselves ready to rally round the standard of your Country, headed by that illustrious Chief, who at a time that proved the Patriot and Hero led you to Victory, I was employed in the least Measures, in my power, to obtain a gratification of your Wishes, which I am not without hopes may prove successful—
In a Country like ours every Sacrafice ought to be considered as nothing, when put in competition, with the Rights of a free and Sovereign Nation, and I trust that by the blessing of heaven and the Valour of our Citizens, under their ancient and Glorious Leader, you will be able to transmit your fairest inheritance to Posterity

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to Volunteer Troop of Light Dragoons, 12 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Volunteer Troop of Light Dragoons

Gentlemen
Philadelphia July 12 1798

The earnest desire you profess, to serve your Country deserves its approbation and my Applause. I accept your Offer of service as a volunteer Troop of Light Dragoons, and will give Directions that Commissions to be presented to your Officers

John Adams


Title: To John Adams from James McHenry, 12 July 1798
From: McHenry, James
To: Adams, John

Sir.
Mount Vernon 12 July 1798

I arrived here yesterday evening and delivered your letter to the General. I have had much conversation with him, and have now the pleasure to inform you, that I expect to bring you his acceptance of the appointment with the proviso that he is not to be called into activity till such time as in your opinion circumstances may render his presence with the army indispensible.
He appears to me to have maturely studied the vast consequence of the steps that have been taken, and the importance of maintaining at every hazard the ground we have assumed. This I can perceive has had its full share of influence in determining him to give up the happiness he enjoys in these charming shades.
He has shewn me the copy of a letter he had written to me and which must have got to Philadelphia the day I left it, in which he treats on several points that will require your attention. I have therefore desired it to be delivered to you, and shall obtain from him the names of the persons he considers the best qualified for his confidential officers and without whom I think he would not serve.
I hardly think it will be possible for me to leave this place before Saturday.
With the greatest respect and attachment I have the honour to be Sir / your ob St
James McHenry


Title: From John Adams to United States Senate, 13 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: United States Senate

Gentlemen of the Senate
United States—July 13th 1798

A Resolution of both Houses of Congress, authorizing an adjournment on Monday the 16th of this month has been laid before me—Sensible of the severity of the service in so long a session, it is with great Reluctance, that I find myself obliged to offer any consideration, which may operate against the inclinations of the Members; but certain measures of Executive Authority, which will Require the consideration of the Senate, and which cannot be matured in all probability before Monday or Tuesday, oblige me to Request of the Senate, that they would continue their session until Wednesday or Thursday.

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to United States Senate, 13 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: United States Senate

Gentlemen of the Senate
United States July 13 1798

I nominate Harry Grant of South Carolina to be Consul for the United States for the Port of Leith in Scotland

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to United States Senate, 13 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: United States Senate

Gentlemen of the Senate
United States July 13. 1798—

I nominate Daniel Mc.Neal of Massachusetts to be a Captain in the Navy—to take rank from the 5th of June 1798
Thomas Williams of Virginia also to be a Captain in the Navy

John Adams


Title: To John Adams from John Childs, 13 July 1798
From: Childs, John
To: Adams, John

philadelphia, July 13, 1798.

The subscriber takes the liberty of bringing into the View of Your Excellency the following Statement of Facts—
That on or about the first Session of the present Congress, foreseeing the event of our unhappy rupture with France; and having (and still holding) a Military Commission under the State of New-York; which he did not wish to resign in the time of danger; but ever ready to serve his Country, he deemed it prudent, as he wished to serve it with honor, to apply to your Excellency for a Commission as an Officer of Marines; That his dislike to Command Militia Men in time of War proceeds not from any disaffection to his fellow Citizens, but from the knowledge he has of their being almost wholly undisciplined, without arms, and not commandable in time of danger—Your memorialist could enumerate numberless reasons for his wishes to exchange his command from them to that of regular troops—but they must be obvious to Your Excellency as well as Your Memorialist
That at the time of his first application to Your Excellency’s Secy. at War, your Memorialist produced a written recommendation from his Commandant (Lieut. Col. Morton) declaring his zealousness to discharge the duties of his Office in his regiment: and that your Memorialist has since (about the first of June last) repeated his application to your Secy. in person, having for that purpose visited this City, and from his assurances, hoped and trusted, and still hopes and trusts that Your Excellency will appoint him as an Officer in the Marine Corps: that if not, rather than Command Men such as the law at present authorizes him to do, he will enter as a private in a respectable Corps the moment his Country is in danger
With the most fervent wishes for your Peace and happiness; he begs leave to subscribe himself,  / yr Excellency’s most humble St.

John Childs.Capt. 3d. Comp. 3d. Regt.N.Y. Militia


Title: To John Adams from William Vans Murray, 14 July 1798
From: Murray, William Vans
To: Adams, John

Private
Dear sir,
The Hague 14 July 1798

If an Embargo is laid here it is contrary to the wishes of 110. 382. 1260. I have had an interview this moment, and received 472. 1591. 921. 672. 948. 418. 1508. 464. 1218. one was laid it 1480. 463. 351. 1546. 1398. 1261. 432. 227. 1586. 464. 1308. 1326. 1546. 799. 1245. 1589. 536. 142. 227.
To you Sir I hope and believe that I shall not apply in vain that measures of vigour may not be hastily apply’d to this unhappy nation. The Hamburg post is just going. I shall do myself the honor to write soon again on this subject.
I am &c
            William Vans Murray


Title: From John Adams to Andrew Jackson, 16 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Jackson, Andrew

The President of the United States, To Andrew Jackson, Senator for the State of TenneseeUnited States July 16.1798

Certain matters touching the public good requiring that the session of the Senate for Executive Business should be continued, and that the members thereof should convene on Tuesday the seventeenth day of July instant; you are desired to attend at the Senate Chamber in Philadelphia on that day, at ten OClock in the forenoon, then and there to receive and deliberate on such communications as shall be made to you on my part.

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to William North, 16 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: North, William

The President of the United States, To William North, Senator for the State of New YorkUnited States July 16. 1798.

Certain matters touching the public good requiring that the Session of the Senate for Executive Business should be continued, and that the members thereof should convene on Tuesday the seventeenth day of July instant; you are desired to attend at the Senate Chamber in Philadelphia on that day, at ten o’clock in the forenoon, then and there to receive and deliberate on such communications as shall be made to you on my part.

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to John Rutherford, 16 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Rutherford, John

The President of the United States To John Rutherford, Senator for the State of New Jersey.
United States July 16. 1798.

Certain matters touching the public good requiring that the Session of the Senate for Executive Business should be continued, and that the Members thereof should convene on Tuesday the seventeenth day of July instant; you are desired to attend at the Senate Chamber in Philadelphia on that day, at ten o’clock in the forenoon, then and there to receive and deliberate on such communications as shall be made to you on my part.

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to Theodore Sedgwick, 16 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Sedgwick, Theodore

The President of the United States, To Theodore Sedgwick, Senator for the State of Massachusetts, and President of the Senate, pro tempore.

United States July 16. 1798.

Certain matters touching the public good requiring that the session of the Senate for Executive Business should be continued, and that the members thereof should convene on Tuesday the seventeenth day of July instant; You are desired to attend at the Senate Chamber in Philadelphia on that day, at ten o’clock in the forenoon, then and there to receive and deliberate on such communications as shall be made to you on my part.

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to United States Senate, 16 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: United States Senate

Gentlemen of the Senate
United States July 16. 1798

I nominate the following Persons to be Commissioners under an Act of Congress passed in the present session to provide for the valuation of Lands and Houses and for the Enumeration of Slaves. Those Gentlemen whose Names have Asterisks before them are intended for first Commissioners
New Hampshire*1st Division. Nathaniel Gilman... Exeter2d Do.Joseph Badger Junr... Gilmantown3d Do.Joshua Atherton...Amherst4th Do. John Bellows...Walpole5th Do. David Hough... LebanonMassachusetts1st. DivisionNathaniel Dummer... Hallowell2d. DoNathaniel Wells...Wells3d. Do.Nathan Dane...Beverley*4th. DoThomas Dawes...Boston5th. Do.Eleazer Brooks...Lincoln6th. Do.Beza Hayward...Bridgewater7th. Do.Joseph Allen...Worcester8th. Do.Abel Whitney...Westfield9th. Do.William Bacon...SheffieldRhode Island.1st. Division.John L. Boss ofNewport2d. Do.Elisha R. Potter...South Kingston*3d. Do.John Dorrance...ProvidenceConnecticut*1st. Division.Andrew Kingsbury ofHartford2d. Do.Epaphroditus Champion..East Haddam3d. Do. Shubael Abbee...Windham4th. Do.William Heron...Reading5th. Do.Julius Deming...LitchfieldVermont*1st. Division.Jonathan Hunt ofKinsdale2d. Do.Elijah Dewy..Bennington3d. Do.James Whitelaw...Ryegate4th. Do.Jonathan Spafford..Williston5th. Do.Ebenezer Crafts..CrafstburyNew York1st. DivisionSelah Strong ofBrookhaven*2d. Do.James WatsonNew York3d. DoSamuel HaightCortlandtown4th. DoPeter Cantine Junr.Rhinebeck5th. DoStephen N. Bayard..Schenectady6th. Do.James Gordon..Ballstown7th. DoCharles Newkirk..Palatine8th. Do. Moss Kent..Cooperstown9th. DoComfort Tyler.ManliusNew Jersey.1st. Division. Peter Vredenburgh Junr. ofBrunswick2d. Do.David Ford...Morristown*3d. Do.Jonathan Rhea..Trenton4th. Do.John Black...Burlington5th. Do.John BlackwoodGloucester CountyPennsylvania1st. Division. Israel Whelen ofPhiladelphia2d. Do.Paul Zantzinger..Lancaster County3d. DoSeth Chapman..Montgomery County*4th. Do.Collinson Read...Reading5th. Do.Jacob Eyerly Junr.Northampton County6th. Do.Michael Shmyser.York County7th. Do.Thomas GrantNorthumberland Cty.8th. Do.Samuel Davidson.Bedford County9th. Do.Isaac JenkinsonWashington Cty.Delaware1st. Division.Joseph Israel ofChristiana bridge2d. Do.Andrew Barratt.Kent County*3d. Do.Isaac Cooper.Sussex CountyMaryland1st. Division.Benjamin Douglass ofNewPort2d. Do.Thomas Turner...Georgetown3d. Do.Robert Gorsuch...Baltimore*4th. Do.Upton Sherridine..Frederick County5th. Do.William Ward..Cecil County6th. Do.Geroge Finley..Queen Anne’s County7th. Do.John Gale.Somerset CountyVirginia1st. DivisionDavid Stephenson ofAugusta County2d. Do.John Haymond..Harrison County3d. Do.James BreckenridgeBotetourt County4th. Do.William LeftwichBedford County5th. Do.Jacob Moreton..Charlotte6th. Do.William Massenburg..Sussex County7th. Do.William Salter..Surry Cty.*8th. Do.Thomas TinsleyHanover Cty.9th. Do.Nathaniel Burwell.King Wm. County10th. Do.William Payne..Fairfax Cty.11th. Do.George Divers..Albermarle Cty.Kentucky1st. Division.James French... ofMadison County.*2d. Do.Robert Breckenridge...Jefferson County.3d. Do.John Caldwell...Christian County4th. Do.Henry Lee...Mason County5th. Do.Robert Johnson...Scott County.North Carolina1st. DivisionJohn Skinner ofPerquimans Cty.2d. Do.Spyres Singleton...New Bern*3d. Do.Joseph John Williams...Halifax Cty.4th. Do.Absalom Fatom...Hillsborough5th. Do.Thomas Henderson...Rockingham Cty.6th. Do.Wallace Alexander...Lincoln Cty.7th. Do.Joseph Dixon...Duplin Cty.Tennessee1st. DivisionHugh Nelson ofGreene County*2d do.James White...Knox County3d. do.James Winchester...Sumner CountySouth Carolina*1st. Division.Arnoldus Vanderhorst ofCharleston2d. Do.John Chesnut...Camden3d. Do.(Genl.) Robert Anderson ...4th. Do.William Anderson...Edgfield5th. Do.Stephen Elliott...BeaufortGeorgia1st. Division.James Powell ofLiberty County*2d. Do.Jared Irwin...Washington Cty.3d. Do.Benjamin Taliaferro.Wilkes County
John Adams


Title: From John Adams to United States Senate, 16 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: United States Senate

Gentlemen of the Senate
Philadelphia July 16 1798

I nominate the Honourable Jonathan Dayton of New Jersey to be Lieutenant Colonel Commandant of the Corps of Artillerists and Engineers in the place of La Rochefontaine
William Ward Burrows of Pennsylvania to be Major of Marines under the Act for establishing and organizing a Marine Corps.

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to Josiah, III Quincy, 16 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: Quincy, Josiah, III

					Dear Sir:—
					Philadelphia, July 16, 1798.

				I have received and read with great pleasure your brilliant oration. It is as sensible as it is eloquent. It is one of the most precious morsels that our country has produced upon such occasions. I hope it will be the means of bringing you forward out of that domestic repose in which you seem to place too much of your delight. I cannot blame you, however.

I love you the better for the motto on your title-page. It is an amiable tribute from such a son to such a father. My compliments to Mrs. Quincy.

I am, dear sir, yours, &c.,

					John Adams.


Title: From John Adams to United States Senate, 17 July 1798
From: Adams, John
To: United States Senate

Gentlemen of the Senate
United States July 17th 1798

Believing that the Letter received this morning from General Washington will give high satisfaction to the Senate, I transmit them a Copy of it, and congratulate them and the Public on this great Event the Generals acceptance of his appointment, as Lieutenant General and Commander in Chief of the army—

John Adams