Title: To George Washington from William Galvan, 4 August 1781
From: Galvan, William
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Philadelphia 4th August 1781.

                        When I am obliged to intrude on your time, on whose employment the Salvation of so many people depend, I do
                            not do it without fear, and am emboldened only by your benevolence to every body and the goodness you have so often shewn
                            me in particular. you are the father of the American officers: Our Conduct must be made Known to you, and from you alone
                            we must expect encouragements or rewards.
                        The bad State of health I enjoyed the greatest part of this Campain obliged me, when I thought the Active
                            part of it at an end, to ask leave to return to your Camp; I have the honour to inclose a letter from the Marquis, by which
                            this permission was granted me, and one from General Muhlenberg who commanded the brigade to which I was attatched. if my
                            Conduct in the Action of the 6th july meets with your Excellency’s approbation, permit me, Sir, to avail myself of this
                            opportunity to Sollicit once more the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, which I am resolved not to ask but with your
                            Excellency’s Consent, and have no hopes of obtaining but through your protection. I am Sensible that the time I have been
                            a Major does not authorise this application (tho’ the measure is not unprecedented in regard to foreign officers) but as
                            your Excellency will consider, not only that circumstance, but also my long Service in America at a great expence of
                            health and money, my Constitution almost ruined by Continual fatigues, Study and exertions, I hope your Excellency will be
                            inclined to bestow on me a rank in which my ardour for the Service may be less confined.
                        I flatter myself, Sir, that my application will not appear indiscrete after your Excellency has taken the
                            trouble to read the account of my Services during a Campain which has entirely exhausted my health and left me but very
                            weak remains of life. our march from westpoint was very rapid, performed in the winter, and at a time when Nine dollars
                            hard money in the hands of every Soldier of the regiment to which I was attatched, rendered discipline attainable only by
                            extraordinary exertions from the officers: To this, Sir, I applied my self, and my efforts in preventing Drunkenness,
                            Suppressing riots and quarrels which had taken place between our Soldiers and those of the jersey line left me no rest,
                            and I had begun to feel that effects of constant application of mind and body before we reached Annapolis.—there I applied
                            my Self to train the regiment, and enable it to perform with distinction the Service to which we were destined. the
                            neglect with which individual instruction is carried on, rendered this task extremely difficult and obliged me to drill
                            every man my Self. I was interrupted in this process by a command, to which I was appointed, of a detatchment embarked on
                            some armed vessels which drove off those of the enemy which blockaded our little fleet. after this and with the same
                            detatchment, I made the rear guard and Secured our return to the head of Elk. from thence, I partaked, with the rest of
                            the troops, the fatigues of reaching baltimore by land. there I was left (out of my tour, there having been no Major’s
                            Command between the last and this) to Convoy the whole artillery, baggage and Stores of the army with only seventy men fit
                            for duty. My instructions and Some letters from the Marquis will vouch for the difficulties of this command, but nothing
                            can give a true idea of the fatigues I underwent in order to bring up the Convoy without delay or disgrace. I was obliged
                            to act as quarter master, forage master, waggon master, Commissary, and every night at visiting rounds. the number of men
                            under me hardly afforded a relief for the necessary guards: the hardship of impressing waggons and horses, Sometimes at
                            Seventy miles from our Camp, pressed hard on the officers, and that of Continually loading and unloading the waggons and
                            Crossing over the ferries as hard upon the men. discontent and murmurs arose, and were heightened by the general dislike
                            of the troops to the direction of our march. I devoted my nights to the Security of the Convoy, my days to procure means
                            of forwarding it, and my Constant application to prevent the ill effects of the dissatisfaction of the men. Our march, of
                            168 miles from Elk ridge landing to Bottom’s bridge, was performed in eleven days, including the delays for procuring
                            means of transportation; and that without a Single instance of desertion, or infraction of discipline, and without having
                            lost the Smallest article of the Convoy. No Sooner had it joined that the Army was put in motion, and in the most impaired
                            State of health, I followed it through a very rigorous Campain which terminated by the Action of the 6th july. I had been
                            field officer of the day the day before, was at the head of the pickets all the night of the 5th. the next day those Same
                            pickets formed the vanguard of General Wayne’s detatchment, and with a hundred men who had been on Constant duty without
                            eating any thing for two days, I had the honour to execute Several manoeuvres under the fire of the whole british line, to
                            remain alone engaged with it for fifteen Minutes, and after that to charge again along with the Pensylvania brigade. I beg
                            leave to observe that in the return of killed and wounded transmitted to your Excellency, the Men of the Pensylvania line
                            lost in my detatchment are not included under the head of the vanguard, but returned in their respective regiments.
                        Permit me, Sir, in resuming the Subject of this letter, to intreat your Excellency to favour Me with a demand
                            to Congress or the board of war of a Commission of Lieutenant Colonel for me. Whether my request is granted or not I
                            intend, as Soon as my health permits, to join the Army under your Excellency’s immediate command, the
                            difference will be that, in the last Case, my zeal for the Service will be Supported but by my personal attatchment to
                            you, which while so little encouragement is given to Military exertions, is the only Stimulus to
                            distinguished actions. with the most profound respect I have the honour to be Sir your Excellency’s Most obedient and most
                            humble Servant

                            Galvan

                            P.S. I had the honour to See Mr Long Lund Washington and Mr Custis at alexandria
                                the 25th of last month. they were in perfect health.


Title: To George Washington from James Howlett, 4 August 1781
From: Howlett, James
To: Washington, George

                            May it please Your Excellency
                            Provost augut 4th 1781

                        From my long and tedious Captivity of two years, to gather with the Anxiety of Liberation, I am inducd to
                            Acquaint Your Excellency, with the horrid and distressed situation, I am in—about three Weeks past, I was told my
                            destiny—which is to remain in Prison during the war, at the same time was return’d as a British subject and no longer
                            admitted to draw provisions with the prisoners of war, but with a set of murderers and robbers, which are Confind in this
                            place all in Consequence of my Piloting, Count De Easting at the time he came on this Coast happy I should be, to
                            again injoy the same Honour; therefore I do in the most pressing submissive and urging manner besach and implore your
                            Excellency to take some meathed to deliver me Out of the hands of my cruel and unrelenting persecutors, how Can I surmount
                            the thoughts of Continuing in this manekin of distress during my life or at Least the war. and a wife
                            and six small Children a suffering for the want of Bread and other necessarys to render there lives Comfortable, it seemes
                            that my friends and fellow Countrymen have intirely forsaken me in the day of distress and calamity. if your Excellency
                            will be pleasd to extort, relief—I shall Ever Consider it the highest honour and satisfaction to serve my Country, as far
                            as I am Capable in any Capacity your Excellency may require.  I fear all I can say on this subject, which
                            surmounts almost every other Consideration will not be sufficiant to prevent my falling a sacrafice to my injurrd and
                            slaughtered Country, if finally that be my fate I shall submit with patiance. I have the Honour to remain your Excellencys
                            most Humble Petitioner

                            James Howlett


Title: From Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. to Alexander McDougall, 4 August 1781
From: Trumbull, Jonathan, Jr.
To: McDougall, Alexander

                            sir
                            Head Quarters 4th Augst 1781

                        I am directed by the Comandr in Chief to acquaint you, that Information has been conveyed to Head Quarters
                            that a certain Person is employed by the Enemy to come out in the Guise of a Spiy to make his Observations on the Works at
                            West Point & to obtain Knowlege of our Strength & Situation at that post—The Person is discribed to have a
                            Mould under one of his Eyes & a Scar on one Temple—& will appear in the Garb of a comon Country Man.
                        How far this Information is to be depended upon, the General is not assured—but thinks it may be improved to
                            induce you to particular Caution & Watchfulness against such Imposition. I am most respectfully sir Your
                            &ca

                            J. Tr.


Title: To George Washington from Lewis Nicola, 4 August 1781
From: Nicola, Lewis
To: Washington, George

                            Sr
                            West-point 4th Aug. 1781.

                        I had the honour of informing your Excellency of our arrival at Kings ferry, the same evening we got here,
                            Inclosed is a return of our present strength.
                        Genl McDougle has been so kind as to allow our men a few days rest before they mount guard & is to
                            allot them such guards as they are equal to on the plain ground about head quarters, as they are incapable of taking any
                            other. There are still two difficulties which I do not see any possibility of surmounting by our own exertions, that is
                            supplying wood & water, particularly in winter when, as I am informed, it is a difficult task for a man in full
                            vigour to get down & up the declivity from the area on which the barracks are built to the water side, in this
                            case we must perish if not relieved by assistance from other corps or some carriage. In Philadelphia, where the
                            difficulties are trifling to those here, we were allowed a light waggon to hall our provisions, wood &c.
                        I request your Excelly will, if necessary, authorise Genl McDougle to appoint a Genl Court martial or Court
                            of enquiry as soon as Capt. Woelpper arrives. He requested leave to stay a few days in Philadelphia & promised to
                            be here as soon as the regt therefore I expect him every day. Permit me to assure your Excellency that I am with respect
                            Your most obed. Servant

                            Lewis Nicola Col. Inv.


Title: To George Washington from James Parr, 4 August 1781
From: Parr, James
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Philada Augt 4th 1781

                        I beg Leave to acknowledge the Receipt of your Excellency’s Letter of the 28th July last, and I can assure
                            your Excellency that your Desire of my joining you with all possible Dispatch, cannot be greater than mine is of
                            compleating the Corps, reparing to Camp, and recieving your Commands.
                        But I am sorry to inform you, that notwithstanding my utmost Assiduity, and the unwearied Endeavours of my
                            Officers, there is too little Probability that the Men will be raised in proper Season to render the Services expected
                            from them.
                        My Recruiting Officers have one & all of them written to me giving me very unpromising Accounts of
                            this Service, and they all agree that while the new Levies which the State are now raising to compleat the Line receive
                            such large Sums of Money from the respective Classes, scarce a Single Recruit will be obtained for my Corps.
                        His Excellency President Reed who is extremely anxious to have this Corps raised, and equipped with all
                            Expedition, and who has given me every Aid in his Power, will, I make no Doubt, give every Encouragement to an Application
                            I made Yesterday to Council, which was to permit me to draft from the new Levies, such Men as should be found suitable for
                            this Service. Should I succeed in this ’tis likely I may yet be able to join your Excellency much earlier than I expected.
                            I have just to add that I have One hundred Rifles repaired & prepairing, and shall soon have a sufficient Number
                            in Case my Prospects of getting the Men should brighten.
                        Your Excellency may rest assured that nothing shall be wanting on any Part to expedite this necessary
                            Business—I have the Honour of subscribing myself Your Excellency’s most obedient Servant

                            Jas Parr


Title: To George Washington from Joseph Reed, 4 August 1781
From: Reed, Joseph
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            In Council Philadelphia August 4th 1781

                        I have the honour of your Excellencys favour of the twenty eighth Ult: and forwarded the inclosures to Major
                            Parr. We are sorry to learn by the accounts transmitted by the recruiting Officers that they do not meet with the success
                            they expected. I was apprehensive the bounty was too small, but General St Clair and Major Parr deemed it sufficient,
                            their opinion had its due weight, expecially as it tended to lessen expence. Your Excellency may be assured that no
                            exertion on our part shall be wanting and that your directions of marching them in small parties will be punctually
                            observed so far as depends upon us.
                        We are under the disagreeable necessity of transmitting to your Excellency a letter laid before us this day.
                            We have some reason to think a practice has too much obtained in the Artillery Corps, to discharge Men under an Idea of
                            engaging others in their stead, which has not always been strictly attended to. Tho’ the state may be eventually interested
                            to prevent any improper diminution of its Line we apprehend the inquiry to be of a Military nature, and therefore think
                            proper to refer it wholly to your Excellencys order. I have the honour to be with very great respect Your Excellencys Most
                            obedient and very humble servant

                            Jos: ReedPresident

                            An accident having in some degree obliterated Major Eustis’s letter we have sent a fair Copy
                                with the original.

                     Enclosure

                                Sir

                                    Philadelphia August 3rd 1781

                            I beg leave to request your Excellency to inquire into the Conduct of Lieutenant Colonel Forrest respecting the
                                discharge of a certain Soldier by the name of Harris from whom he obtained three half Johannesses to procure an able
                                bodied Man in his room, which Man Colonel Forrest has not procured, and as I understand is about to resign his Commission.
                                I am with great respect Your Excellencys Most obedient servant

                                B. Eustis Major


Title: To George Washington from Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 4 August 1781
From: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            at Camp August the 4th 1781.

                        By the Last Letter that I have received from Mr De Choisy, it appears that the Boston Militia are very slow
                            in their moving down to Rhode island. I beg of your Excellency to write again to his Excellency Governor Hancock, to
                            desire him to make them be in a greater hurry. We are now in a time very decisive and Interesting! In a month’s time, the
                            Superiority of the seas will be decided between the two fleets, and if Rodney was to arrive first, it would be Suitable
                            and very interesting to the common cause, that our fleet at Rhode island Be supported by all the possible endeavours of
                            Land forces untill the arrival of Count de Grasse. I am with respect and personal attachment Sir, Your Excellency’s most
                            obedient and most humble servant

                            le Cte de Rochambeau


Title: General Orders, 5 August 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                            Head Quarters near Dobbs Ferry Sunday August 5th 1781
                            Parole Philadelphia
                            Countersigns Derby Chester
                        For the day Tomorrow
                        Major General Heath
                        Lieutenant Colonel Fernald
                        For Picquet Major Oliver
                        Inspector Captain Drew
                        No Person excepting those belonging to the Army is to come into Camp from the country above or northward of
                            the Camp but by the following roads vizt:
                        No. 1 The road by Storm’s bridge along the Saw mill river.
                        2 The road from Young’s to the road leading from Dobbs ferry to the White Plains.
                        3 The road directly from the White Plains to Camp crossing the river at the Bridge under Chattiton’s hill.
                        The following persons will be appointed to be constantly at the respective stations hereafter mentioned whose
                            business it shall be to examine the persons passing and if they find them to be of suspicious or dangerous characters they
                            are to be detained ’till reported to the General of day and further enquiry had—People who are innocently bringing
                            refreshments to Camp to be encouraged.
                        Mr Isaac Requa will be stationed at Storm’s bridge on the road No. 1.
                        Mr Joseph Paulding will be stationed on the road No. 2 to Young’s, at the first intersection of it by the
                            road from Tarrytown.
                        Mr Eden Hunt will be stationed at the Bridge above mentioned on Brunks river near Chattiton’s hill road No.
                            3.
                        A Commissioned Officer will be posted at each of the foregoing places who will give the following short
                            ticket to such persons as he permits to pass into Camp.
                        Storm’s bridge  1781.
                        No. 1.
                        The Bearer is
                        A.B.
                        Any person found in Camp not belonging to the army without such a ticket is to be taken up as a Spy and
                            conducted to the General of the day.
                        A Corporal and six men to be at each of the above stations to assist the Gentlemen abovementioned in the
                            execution of their duty.
                        Three Copies of each of the abovementioned Gentlemen’s Tickets should be given to the General and Field
                            Officers of the day that they may not be deceived by Counterfeits those to be handed over to the succeeding officers of
                            the day.
                        Brigadier General Waterbury will adopt the same line of Conduct on the road leading from the Country to his
                            incampment.
                        The Rear Guard on the North River road will suffer no persons except such as belong or are attached to the
                            Army to enter the Camp by that route.
                        Ensign D. Fonda of the first New York regiment is appointed Adjutant to the light Corps commanded by Lieutenant
                            Colonel Hamilton.
                        Two Hundred men to be draughted from the Line to assist Colonel Lutterloh a few days in collecting
                            Forage—they will receive orders at his Quarters tomorrow morning eight ô clock.
                        The General Court Martial of which Colonel Putnam is President will assemble tomorrow morning at ten ô
                        clock.


Title: From George Washington to Board of War, 5 August 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

                            Gentn
                            Head Quarters Dobbs’s Ferry 5th Augt 1781.

                        I have been honored with your favors of the 17th and 26th ulto the first enclosing three plans for filling
                            the present Vancancies and making future promotions in the Medical Line and which you were pleased to submit to my opinion—That I
                            might obtain as extensive a knowledge as possible of the sentiments of the Army upon this matter, I committed the plans to
                            the General Officers and desired them to report their opinions thereon to me—This, after consulting the Director and
                            Physician General, they have done—Inclosed you will find a Copy of their Report, which is principally founded upon the
                            plan No. 1 and which corresponds with my Ideas.
                        I must again thank you Gentlemen for your attention to the affairs of my Household. Mr Morris has furnished
                            me with a draft upon New London for 2500 dollars specie. I have the honor to be &c.
   see the originial filed among opinions of General officers 2d Augt 1781.


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 5 August 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

                        Dear Sir

                            Head Quarters Dobb’s Ferry 5th Augt 1781

                        Your Favor of the 1st inst.—inclosing the Letter from Gen. Schuyler & others, is
                            this Moment come to Hand.
                        It is not a little distressing to find that the States will not or cannot fill their Continental Battalions,
                            or afford the Aids of Militia required from them—but that instead thereof they are expecting from me the few operating
                            Troops which I have to depend on—the Consequence of this Conduct is too obvious to need any Coment.
                            instead of offensive Measures, a defensive Plan must be adopted—instead of an active & decisive Campaign, which I
                            had hoped to have made, we must end our Operations in Languor & Disgrace—& perhaps protract the War, to
                            the Hazard of our final Ruin.
                        In Consequence of your Excellency’s former Letter, I dispatched an Express to Govr Hancock, with a reiterated
                            Request that he would order in the Militia of Berkshire & other Western Counties imediately to Albany—and have
                            also addressed the Comandg Officer of the Militia raising in those Counties, begging him to march forward without Delay to
                            the Orders of Genl Clinton—what Effect these Requisitions will have, it is impossible for me to say: in the Mean Time, I
                            will leave the Remains of Courtlandt’s Regt at Albany, trusting that the State will, by its own Exertions, enable me to
                            call them down when necessary, by substituting 9 Months Men, if those for three Years cannot be obtained.
                        In Hopes that no further Delay of the Militia, from the Western parts of Massats may happen, for Want of any
                            Exertions on my Part, I have desired Maj. Genl Lincoln, an Officer of that State, to proceed to the County of Berkshire,
                            for the Express Purpose of hastening them on—however little Effect my written Applications have had—I hope his personal
                            Attendance will produce the Aid we expect from those Counties. I have the Honor to be with the highest Esteem &
                            Respect Your Excellency’s Most Obedt & humle Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to James Clinton, 5 August 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, James

                        Dear Sir

                            Head Quarters near Dobbs Ferry Augt 5. 1781

                        I am favored with your Letter of the 30th Ulto also with one from His Excellency Governor Clinton of the 1st
                            Inst. representing the exposed situation of the frontier of this State. I have in consequence, thought it adviseable, that
                            the remaining part of Cortlands Regt (except the Light Company) should continue at Albany untill further Orders—I have
                            also prevailed on Major General Lincoln to set out to morrow Morning for Berkshire & Hampshire Counties to urge on
                            the Levies with all possible expedition: from General Lincoln’s high reputation among those People, and indefatigable
                            industry & zeal in the public service, I cannot but flatter myself this measure will be attended with success. I
                            am Dear Sir With great regard Your Most Obedt Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Robert Morris, 5 August 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Morris, Robert

                        Dear Sir

                            Head Quarters Dobbs’s Ferry 5th Augt 1781.

                        There are 311 Barrels of Salt Beef at Portsmouth in New Hampshire, which, to save land Carriage, I had
                            directed to be sent to Providence by Water, but Mr president Weare writes me that the risque is too great, as there are a
                            number of privateers in that quarter—I have therefore informed him that you will dispose of it on the spot and procure a
                            like quantity in Philada. I shall be obliged to you for investing the Money which may arise from this sale in pork rather
                            than in Beef. I have the honor to be &c.


Title: From Timothy Pickering to David Humphreys, 5 August 1781
From: Pickering, Timothy
To: Humphreys, David

                            Memorandum for Colo. Humphrys.

                                5 August 1781

                        On hand fit for service—soldiers tents35.wall tents6Expected daily from Connecticut300.very old tents at Morristown repairing,probably will be rendered serviceable80.As Colo. Hatch is disappointed in hisexpectations of exchanging heavy for lightduck, on notice of it, July 27th Iimmediately desired him to make up into tentsall the Russia duck that was tolerably light.This may perhaps produce100.515.6Shall the heavy duck remaining (sufficient I suppose for 1500 tents) be made up, or any, and what part of it?
                            If it be not necessary to make it up now, it is likely the heavy duck may be exchanged in the course of the fall &
                            winter, so as to procure the properest tents for the next campaign. The troops are now amply supplied with tents.


Title: From David Humphreys to Timothy Pickering, 5 August 1781
From: Humphreys, David
To: Pickering, Timothy

                        Dear Sir

                            Head Quarters near Dobbs Ferry Augst 5th 1781

                        In order to answer the Questions stated in your Memorandum to me respecting Tents, His Excellency thinks it
                            necessary that it should be ascertained whether there are now a sufficient number of Tents in the several State Lines
                            (including the Tents with their Detachments) to cover the Troops of those Lines, if they should be collected &
                            augmented nearly to the Establishment? If this should be the case, and 515 Tents still remain on hand, the General is of
                            opinion, you may postpone having the heavy Duck made into Tents for the present, on account of the Reasons you mention,
                            especially at this advanced stage of the Campaign, when they could scarcely be compleated & forwarded in
                            season—But if five hundred Tents cannot be insured to us, under the circumstances above
                            specified; it is His Excellency’s request, that you will have the stock of Tents (exclusive of those appropriated to the
                            State Lines) encreased to that number, and forwarded to the Army as expeditiously as possible.
                        The General would have no more Boats kept down the River (below Kings Ferry) than are absolutely necessary to
                            perform the public Service. I am, With great respect Dear Sir Your Most Obedt Servt

                            D. Humphrys
                            Aide De Camp


Title: From Tench Tilghman to Alexander Scammell, 5 August 1781
From: Tilghman, Tench
To: Scammell, Alexander

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters 5th Augt 1781.

                        His Excellency wants to make a reconnoitre upon the North River Road tomorrow—For which purpose he desires
                            you will move down about five oClock in the morning with all your foot and Colo. sheldons Horse and Foot and possess the
                            Roads leading into the North River Road—You will advance parties as far below Phillips’s, as you can with safety—You will
                            request Colo. sheldon to leave an officer and 20 dragoons at Dobbs’s ferry as an Escort for the General, who will be there
                            about 7 OClock. I am Yr most obt servt

                            T. Tilghman
                            A.D.C.

                            You need not go down if it should rain—The party will come up again in the afternoon—therefore taking
                                provision with them is immaterial.


Title: From George Washington to Meshech Weare, 5 August 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Weare, Meshech

                            sir
                            Head Quarters Dobbs Ferry 5th Augst 1781

                        I have been honored by your Favor of 23d ulto—Upon your Representation of the Danger of Water Transportation,
                            I have written to Mr Morris the Financier Genl, & desired him to dispose of the 311 Barrels of salted Beef lying
                            in Portsmouth—& to vest the Amount of Sales in the like kind of Provisions in Philadelphia—which I trust may be
                            done to Advantage of the Public—The 40 Barrels or whatever Quantity may be in the Western parts of the State, may remain
                            to be forwarded to Albany for the Use of the Troops in that Quarter, if it shall be tho’t fresh.
                        We begin to feel the happy Effect of the Exertion of the States in the Supply of Fresh Beef and hope this may
                            prove an Earnest of their punctual Comtinuance of that most necessary Support.
                        No Rum from your State, has at this Time reached us—& but very little from any other State—there is
                            not now in Camp, I believe, so much as One Cask—this Article is so necessary for the Health as well as Comfort of the
                            Soldiery at this Season, that I wish it might be particularly attended to, especially as at this Moment, I fancy, it is
                            uncommonly plenty in almost every State.
                        I am sensible of & sincerely lament our Embarrassments arising from the State of our
                            paper Currency—I hope we are beginning to emerge from this Difficulty—& were we to divest
                            ourselves as much as possible of all paper—we should perhaps find the Hard Money in much greater plenty than is at present
                            imagined. I have the Honor to be sir Your most Obedient humble Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Joseph Woodbridge, 5 August 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Woodbridge, Joseph

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters Dobbs’s Ferry 5th Augt 1781.

                        I have received your favr of the 24th of last Month and am obliged by the offer which you have made of the Cannon
                            saved out of the Wreck of the Culladen—such Guns would be valuable to the Continent; but you must know our difficulties in
                            regard to making payment—If you will however let me know your lowest price and longest Credit, I will endeavour to make a
                            Contract with you, on terms which will be certainly complied with and in a manner that will not make you liable to loss by
                            depreciation. I am &c.


Title: To George Washington from Nathanael Greene, 6 August 1781
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

                        Sir

                            Head Quarters high Hills of Santee August 6th 1781

                        Governor Rutledge arrived in Camp a few Days since and informed me that a French fleet of 20 sail of the
                            Line, besides Frigates were to be on the coast by the 25th of this month to co-operate with the American Army for
                            disposessing the Enemy of the several posts they hold in the United States; and that there are to come with the fleet from
                            five to ten thousand Troops to facilitate the operations. So great a naval and land force, aided by our own exertions
                            cannot fail if properly directed of totally ruining the Enemy in this Country. As late and full information will be
                            necessary to enable your Excellency to judge what objects to give the preference to as well as what force may be necessary
                            for each, I have taken the earliest opportunity to communicate the fullest intelligence I possess from this quarter. And
                            as you may wish to make many enquiries I have sent the dispatch by one of my Aids Lt Colo. Morris that you might not only
                            be satisfied in all matters respecting our situation, but that you may have a better opportunity of conveying such
                            instructions in return as may be unsafe to write. Major Burnett one of my Aids who is much indisposed set out from this
                            Camp eight or ten Days since for the Northward. By him I wrote fully our situation; and I desired him to give your
                            Excellency such information as I had omitted to mention in my Letter. But as this is a new matter I thought it most
                            adviseable to send Colo. Morris notwithstanding. I have received no Letters from the Marquis for near a Month, and none
                            from your Excellency since the first of June in which you informed me of the preparations making for an attempt upon New
                            York. By this time I suppose the operations are in great forwardness; and if the force from the Islands arrive agreable to
                            the Ministers expectations the reduction of the place must be speedy and certain. New York as a place of Arms, and from
                            the importance of its Harbour, command of supplies, as well as its situation to harrass and distress our People, may be
                            considered as the greatest object on the Continent. And in my opinion every effort should be made for its reduction in
                            preference to all others. If that place was reduced, and the Enemy could not repossess it, I think it would lay the
                            foundation for their evacuating all the possessions in the United States South of it. There could be no Harbour for their
                            Shipping except in Virginia, and no convenient place there for an Army to Winter in, which would necessarily oblige them
                            to quit their possessions in that quarter. The force that the Enemy have in Virginia under Lord Cornwallis, and at
                            Portsmouth from the best information I can get amounts to little more than 5000 Men. The Marquis’s regular force is not
                            more than from two to three; but there is a large Body of Militia in the field and may be increased to almost any number
                            if Arms could be had. Twenty five hundred regular forces to be added to the Marquis’s Army besides what may be expected
                            from Pennsylvania and Virginia would oblige Cornwallis to take a position and fortify himself; and if the supplies to his
                            Army could be cut off by Water which the Fleet may easily effect after the reduction of New York, he would be obliged to
                            surrender in a fortnight or three Weeks at most for want of Provisions; for I believe he has none laid in at any point,
                            nor in expectation of being obliged to act on the defensive. At least I am persuaded he has no apprehension of having his
                            Water communication interrrupted. After the reduction of New York I should suppose the whole french Fleet might enter
                            Chesapeak and all hopes of escaping by Water being removed it would greatly contribute to the speedy surrender of the
                            Enemy from the terror and apprehensions it would raise among the Troops. Chs Town is the greatest object to the southward
                            as well from the strength of its Garrison and dependencies as from the advantages the Enemy derive from the Trade of the
                            place, and the distress it brings upon the People for want of commerce, particularly in the Article of Salt. The place is
                            strong and difficult to approach. Large Shipping can be of no use in the reduction of it. Frigates are the largest size
                            that can enter the Harbour. The Enemy have fortified none of the Islands, nor have they added many Works about the Town.
                            However they have erected too large new Works in front of the old Lines that mount from 20 to 30 pieces of Cannon each.
                            These Works have great command of the Town as well as the Rivers. One other new Work is nearly compleated on the Marsh
                            called Shutes folly on the Harbour side of the Town, and intended to defend the place against Shipping. The Enemy have
                            from the best information I can get in this State about 4000 Infantry and 400 Horse of regular Troops.
                            Besides these they have near one thousand Militia and Tories who adhere to their interest. In
                            addition to this 1000 Sailors and 4 or 500 Negroes may be calculated upon.
                        Their collective strength will amount in all probability to between 6 and 7000 Men of different Characters;
                            and the militia Tories from their being such exceeding good Marksmen will not be the least
                            useful. Our force in Continental Troops will amount to little more than 1500 Men, from 4 to 500 State Troops belonging to
                            South Carolina, and I imagine from 1500 to 2000 Militia may be raised in North and South Carolina to join in the reduction
                            of Charles Town. A greater force than this cannot be calculated upon, nor am I altogether certain so large a Body of
                            Militia can be kept up during the Seige. But it is possible a much greater can be got out upon so important an occasion,
                            and when things wear so flattering a face. To reduce Chs Town with certainty and with dispatch not less than 10,000 Troops
                            should be added to the force that may be expected here. But if this force cannot be had I should think it should be
                            attempted with less. The Garrison will doubtless have Provisions in plenty, and I believe if we can command the Water our
                            Army may be easily supplyed; provided the operations brought to issue before the 1st of January, or by that time. I have
                            inclosed some Notes respecting the places the most proper for Landing. But General Lincoln and Genl Duportail can give you
                            more particular information respecting this matter. If the operations cannot be carried on in Virginia and here at the
                            same time I think Chs town must have the preference as the greatest object. New York and Charles Town being taken the
                            Enemy will most assuredly leave Virginia should time fail us to effect the reduction of the whole, which I hope will not
                            be the case. All the Stores of every kind necessary for the Seige must come with the Fleet as we have nothing here to
                            prosecute one with. The reduction of Chs Town will naturally produce the surrender of Savannah and Wilmington; especially
                            as there is but little force at either; not more than 400 at one, and 300 at the other. I think Chs Town may be reduced in
                            30 Days after the Troops effect a Landing and there can be no difficulty in this as the Enemy have no force at any of
                            those places, nor will they venture to detach from Town for the purpose; and it is not impossible if the Enemy should
                            attempt to hold the upper Country a landing may be effected so speedily as to prevent their getting into Town. This would
                            greatly facilitate the reduction of the place as well from the effect it would have upon the spirits of the Garrison as
                            from the diminution of their force.
                        I suppose the British Fleet on this coast on the arrival of the french fleet will immediately take shelter in
                            New York, and assist in the defence of the place, or run off to the West Indies. The first would be the most desireable,
                            and is what I hope our good Ally will oblige them to do. This would secure a superiority by Sea during the whole Campaign;
                            which may be doubtful should Admiral Rodney follow the french fleet from the West Indies, and effect a junction with their
                            force on this coast. But if the French effect a junction of theirs first and block up the British in New York, so as to
                            prevent a junction of their Shipping, the Enemy will not have it in their power either to raise the seige of the place, or
                            take off the Garrison. But should the British fleet on this Coast even run for the West Indies there is the greatest
                            probability of the two fleets missing each other on their passage, and still leave our Allies Masters of the Sea at least
                            untill New York can be reduced. But what I most wish is that the force our Ally means to employ upon this coast may be
                            superior to the Enemys collective strength, both from the West Indies and on this Coast. This will insure us success at
                            all events.
                        As your Excellency is doubtless more fully informed respecting the force of both fleets, and of the
                            intentions of our Ally than I am, and also of the probable aid which either may expect from Europe or else where; and as
                            that will altogether govern our operations I shall wait your directions respecting our preparations in this quarter. The
                            Enemy have no fortified Posts in the State except Chs Town, or in Georgia except Savannah. But their Army is upon the
                            Congaree near M. Cords ferry. The distresses of this Country are so great, and their calamities increase so fast for want
                            of Salt and many other Articles, as well as from the ravages of the Enemy, that I wish it may be in our power by the
                            generous exertions of our good Ally to effect something for their relief more than the little temporary respites arising
                            from particular advantages, which is all we can hope or expect from our little force in this Country.
                        If Lord Cornwallis should find that his situation in Virginia may expose him to the loss of his Army, it is
                            highly probable he will attempt to get back to Chs Town by land or Water; the first I shall endeavor to guard against, and
                            the last I hope our Ally will be able to prevent, by sending a few Frigates into the Bay or stationing them off the Capes.
                        The Cavalry of Lieutt Colo. Washingtons Corps have taken killed and Wounded near 40 of the Enemys Cavalry
                            since my last, the most considerable attack was made by Captain Watts. He charged a party of twenty odd of the Enemy with
                            an inferior force took 6, killed 3, and wounded 8 or 9 more. The enterprise of our Cavalry equals any thing the World ever
                            produced. With the most perfect respect and esteem I am Your Excellencys most hble servt.


Title: To George Washington from Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, 6 August 1781
From: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de
To: Washington, George

                            My dear General
                            Camp on pamunkey August the 6h 1781

                        The Embarkation Which I thought and I do Still think to Have Been destined to Newyork Was Reported to Have
                            Sailed up the Bay, and to Be Bound to Baltimore—in Consequence of which I write to Your Excellency, and as I Had not
                            Indulged Myself too Near portsmouth I was able to Cut Across towards Frederiksburg—But instead of Continuing His Voyage
                            up the Bay My Lord Entered York River and Landed at York and Glocester—to the former vessels were added a number of flatt
                            Bottomed Boats.
                        Our Movements Have not Been precipitate, we were in time able to take our Course down pamunkey River and will Move
                            to Some position Where the Several parts of the Army will unite—I Have Some Militia in Glocester County—Some about York—We Shall act Agreably to Circumstances But Avoid drawing ourselves into a false Movement Which for want of Cavalry and
                            Command of the Rivers would give the Ennemy the Advantage of us—His Lordship plays So well that No Blunder Can Be Hoped
                            from Him to Recover a Bad Step of ours.
                        The troops in York and Glocester are two Bataïllons of Light Infantry, 2 Large Anspach Regiments—the 80h and
                            76h which are Said the two Largest ones in the British Army the 43d the Queen’s Rangers and Some Horse—Lord Cornwallis
                            Himself Commands—General OHara is in portsmouth with the Remainder of the troops—Leslie is, it is Said, Gone in a frigat
                            to Charlestown. You Must not Wonder, My dear General, that there Has Been a fluctuation in My Intelligences—I am positive
                            the British Councils Have also Been fluctuating—I am So Earnest in My Opinion that I would Still not Be Surprised if the
                            Light infantry and Anspachers were detached to Newyork.
                        York is Surrounded By the River and a Morass—the Entrance is But Narrow—there is However a Commanding Hill,
                            at Least I am So informed which if occupied By them would Much Extend their works—Glocester is a Neck of Land projected
                            into the River and opposite to York—Their vessels the Biggest of whom is a 44  Betwen the two towns—Should a fleet
                            Come in at this Moment our Affairs would take a very Happy turn.
                        General Gregory and Clel parker Have Been directed to Collect forces and press Near portsmouth—I Have writen
                            to North Carolina to Be guarded Against Any Movement By Land—I Have writen to Maryland for their New Levies, and As
                            Agreably to Your Intentions His Lordship’s Remaining in the State Keeps me with this Army I am Still More Anxious, if
                            possible, to Receive the private Communications that Have Been Announced.
                        Had not Your attention Been turned to Newyork Some thing with a fleet Might Be done in this Quarter—But I
                            See Newyork is the object and Consequently I attend to Your Instructions By Captain olney.
                        It is the More Important for me to know What Lord Cornwallis Ought to do for fulfilling Your Excellency’s
                            wishes, as we Might try to Influence His Lordship’s maneuvres and Endeavour to determine them towards a wrong point.
                        Vessels are gone Back to portsmouth—It is thought to fetch troops and Cannon—perhaps his Lordship does not
                            Choose to keep two distant posts. I Beg, My dear General, You will forgive the More than usual Scribling of this Hasty
                            Letter and Have the Honor to Be with a Respect equal to My affection My dear General Your obedient Servant and friend

                            Lafayette


Title: From George Washington to Benjamin Lincoln, 6 August 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Lincoln, Benjamin

                            Sir
                             6 August 1781

                        On perceiving that I should be under the necessity of drawing down the Continental troops from the State of
                            New York, I wrote upon the 25th of June to General Fellows desiring that 600 Militia (part of the quota required from the
                            State of Massachusetts) might be marched from the Counties of Hampshire and Berkshire and those contiguous to them to
                            Albany and take their orders from the Officer commanding in that district. I wrote at the same time to His Excellency
                            Governor Hancock informing him of the steps I had taken this liberty without consulting him, merely to save time. I, in
                            due time, received an answer from General Fellows acquainting me that he was out of Office, and informing me that no
                            orders had been then received to embody the Militia, tho’ my requisitions to the State had been as early as the 24th of
                            May from Weathersfield.
                        Colonel Willet who is now upon the Frontier, being very anxious to know in what forwardness the Militia from
                            the Western Counties of Massachusetts were and when they might be expected, sent an Express to General Fellows to make the
                            enquiry—He received for answer on the 23d of July that the Men from the County of Berkshire were raising with spirit, but
                            that no orders had yet been sent by the Governor to direct the place to which they were to march, altho’ I so long ago as
                            the 15th of June in a circular letter to the Governors of the different States desired that all the Militia required of
                            them might join the Army by the 15th of July. Having never had the honor of an answer to the several letters which I have
                            written to Governor Hancock since the 24th of May, I cannot undertake to say whether the necessary orders have been given
                            in consequence of them—I am therefore under the necessity of requesting you to repair to the Counties of Hampshire and
                            Berkshire and those most contiguous to them, and if you should find upon your arrival that the 600 Militia before
                            mentioned have not marched to Albany to take measures for putting them in motion as expeditiously as possible. Given at
                            Head Quarters at Dobbs’s Ferry the 6th day of August 1781.

                            Go: Washington

                            P.S. You will endeavour to inform yourself in what forwardness the Militia from the other Counties
                                within your reach are—and if you find occasion for it, you will use any means which you may think most proper to
                                hasten their movements to the Army.


Title: To George Washington from William Livingston, 6 August 1781
From: Livingston, William
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Trenton 6 August 1781

                        I have just received your Excellency’s Favour of the 2d instant, and feel exceedingly for your Embarrassment.
                            I am not only mortified as a Citizen of the Union at large at every obstacle against your Excellency’s operations, but
                            greatly chagrin’d that this State in particular, considering my intimate connection with it, should, by contributing to
                            such embarrassment, lose any part of the honour, it may heretofore have acquired.
                        I am greatly disappointed at the Militia’s turning out so slowly as they do, upon an occasion that was always
                            a favourite object with them. Several reasons may however be assigned for this unexpected Event, of which the want of
                            money is doubtless the principal. Nor do I believe that the officers have exerted themselves with the vigour, that, upon
                            so important an occasion, might have reasonably been expected. I gave them such orders as could not have failed of
                            producing the men had they been faithfully executed, as that of calling out one class after another till the Complement
                            was raised. In this Case the fines of the delinquents would have amounted to more than the Sum
                            necessary for procuring voluntiers, and consequently self-interest must have induced the men to hire the Levies in order
                            to save their fines.
                         I have lately ordered the several Companies of the State Regiment stationed at Elizabeth Town and Newark to
                            join Collo. Seely; & directed their posts to be occupied by the Militia; and your Excellency may depend upon my
                            best Endeavours to get the men out as soon as possible, being fully sensible of the weight of the reasons you assign for
                            the necessity of that measure; and sufficiently tired of the war to long most earnestly for an honourable Peace.
                        With respect to the number of continental Levies & Militia that have been forwarded, I cannot
                            officially come to the Knowledge of the first as the returns are not made to me; & respecting the last, Collo.
                            Seely has it in charge to inform your Excellency from time to time as
                            they join him. I have the honour to be with the greatest regard Your Excellencys most humble & most obedient
                            Servant

                            Wil: Livingston


Title: To George Washington from Alexander McDougall, 6 August 1781
From: McDougall, Alexander
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Augt 6th 1781.

                        Forty five more rank & file of the Connecticut Militia have arrived, Since the last return. Secretary
                            Trumbulls Letter of the 4th Inst. is recd giving an account of a Spy Sent out by the Enemy. The light
                            Company of Col. Cortlandts is come down, and will move To-morrow; Some necessary repairs of Arms have detained them here
                            Since Saturday. I have the Honor to be, Your Excellencys most Hble Servant.
                        (Copy)


Title: To George Washington from John Rutledge, 6 August 1781
From: Rutledge, John
To: Washington, George

                            Dr Sir,
                            High Hills of Santee August 6. 1781.

                        As Colo. Morris, by whom this will be delivered, can give a satisfactory Account of Matters this Way,
                            & Genl Green’s dispatches, which he carries, are very full & particular, I will take the Liberty of
                            referring your Excellency, for it, to him, & them, instead of troubling you with a long Detail of them.
                        If the Force which the Minister of France assured me, (just as I was leaving Philadelphia,) would certainly
                            arrive, on the American Coast, by the Middle of this Month, should do so, I flatter myself, that, the Reduction of New
                            York will soon be effected, & that, you will afford Us such Aid as may, with our own Cooperations, speedily
                            reinstate Us, in the possession of Chas Town—untill that is obtained, the People of this State will continue to experience
                            greater distresses than I can describe—I know your Excellency wants nothing but the Means of relieving Us—these, I hope,
                            are, e’er now, in your Hands. I have the Honour to be, with the greatest Respect, & the most sincere Esteem
                            & Regard, Dr Sir yr obliged & obedt servt

                            J: Rutledge


Title: General Orders, 7 August 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                            Head Quarters near Dobbs Ferry Tuesday August 7. 1781
                            Parole
                            Countersigns

                        For the Day Tomorrow
                        Major General Lincoln
                        Colonel Greaton
                        For Picquet Major Smith
                        Inspector Captain Robinson
                        The officers commanding Wings will direct the slaughtering places of the several brigades to be removed as
                            far as they possibly can be consistent with the convenience and safety from the Line of Encampment.
                        The Vaults are to be regularly covered every day and all bones and putrid meat burned or buried, in short
                            nothing which can contribute to the wholesomeness of the Camp ought to be neglected at this Season.
                        It is expected that the officers of Police will particularly attend to the execution of these orders.


Title: To George Washington from Daniel Carroll, 7 August 1781
From: Carroll, Daniel
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Philadelphia Augt 7th 1781

                        When the important objects, which engage your Excellencys attention, will permit you to consider the enclos’d
                            resolve of Congress, the Committee will be glad to receive your opinion, & Sentiments, on the Subject of it. I
                            have the honor to be, with the greatest respect, & esteem, Yr Excellencys Most Obt Hble Servt

                            Danl Carroll
                            Chairman of the Committee

                            Copy of the Resolve
                            July 26. 1781
                            That a Committee be appointed to Confer with the Commander in Chief, the Board of War, and the
                                Superintendant of Finance, on the number, & arrangemt of the army for the ensuing year.
                            The Committee

                            Mr Carroll
                            Col. Bland
                            Genl Varnum


Title: To George Washington from Nathanael Greene, 7 August 1781
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

                        Dear Sir

                            Camp at the high hills of Santee August 7th 1781

                        Governor Rutledge has arrivd in Camp and brings me such flattering accounts of large reinforcment expected
                            from the West Indies as induces me to send for a farther explanation; and also to forward the present situation of the
                            Southern department. I hope the fleet will stay to compleat the reduction of Charlestown as well as New York. But if this
                            is not to be expected I could wish to know it as early as possible as the measures I shall take in one case will be
                            different from what I should pursue in the other. If New York should fall and the french forces come to the Southward I
                            suppose your Excellency will accompany them as there can be nothing left to the Northward worthy of your farther
                            attention. I think your presence will greatly facilitate the recovery of this Country. But I am afraid the french will run
                            off to the west Indies, after staying with us a few weeks, and leave the business unfinished. Indeed I am so apprehensive
                            of this, that I am afraid to make the least dependance upon them for the relief of this Country; and can hardly flatter my
                            self that their stay will be long enough to compleat the reduction of New York. It is certainly their interest to enable
                            us to drive out the enimy from the United States; for if a peace should take place and the Independance of America should
                            be established, and the enimy hold their several posts, it will give them the greater part of the trade of America, and lay
                            a foundation for a future alliance, much to the disadvantage of France. This matter in my opinion should be impressed upon
                            the French Court; and nobody can do it so effectually if it is your opinion as you can.
                        We continue to struggle here; but have not been able to drive the Enemy into the lower Country. They are in
                            force now upon the Congaree; and if I can collect the Militia which I am afraid will be difficult I mean to give them
                            battle. But if I could rely upon the aid which the Minister promises I would let them remain; provided they would let us
                            alone. But uncertain as I am respecting that event; and apprehensive of the disagreeable effect it will have upon Country
                            I think to attempt their removal. Most respectfully yours

                            N. Greene


Title: From George Washington to William Greene, 7 August 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, William

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters Dobbs’s Ferry 7th Augt 1781.

                        His Excellency Count de Rochambeau informs me that he has received letters from Brigr General de Choissy
                            acquainting him that the tour of duty of that Class of your Militia which was sent upon the Island has either expired or
                            is very near expiring, and that he understands no others are to be furnished to replace them—I cannot but think that Mr
                            de Choissy has been misinformed as to the latter circumstance, but lest such an Idea may have been entertained, I beg
                            leave to represent to your Excellency the dangerous consequences which might ensue from an adherence to it.
                        The very valuable Fleet of our Allies has been left by them in an exposed situation upon a promise made on
                            our part that we would keep up one thousand Militia at least to act in conjunction with the French Forces under the
                            command of Mr de Choissy—One half of this number I allotted to you and the other to Massachusetts, and I imagined your
                            quota would have been readily and chearfully furnished, as they were, to act in defence of their our States, and as they were, in consequence of their being employed at home,
                            releived from the expence—fatigue and other inconveniencies of marching to join this Army.
                        It is reported in New York, perhaps not without foundation, that Rodneys fleet may be expected upon this
                            Coast—in such case we may suppose that the Count de Grasse would follow him: But can we say which would arrive first. If
                            it should be Rodney and he should learn that Count de Barras is not covered by a force upon land, would he not probably
                            make use of his superiority to demolish him. The consequences of such a stroke your Excellency can better conceive than I
                            can describe.
                        In addition to the above I would further inform you that the Enemy are about recalling part of their troops
                            from Virginia—Their general intention is, I make little doubt, to reinforce New York, but they might be used to improve
                            the oppertunity of striking at the Fleet in the Harbour of New port, should we give them an opening.
                        I am convinced I need bring no further Arguments to convince your Excellency that we are bound by interest
                            and honor to keep up the stipulated number of Men, more especially at this critical moment, and I have a full dependance
                            that you will not only take measures to releive the first Class by an equal number but that you will hold the remainder
                            ready should circumstances render them necessary—I have lately written to Govr Hancock upon the subject of keeping up the
                            Massachusetts quota. I have the honor to be with great Respect Your Excellency’s Most obt and humble servt


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 7 August 1781
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Camp August 7, 1781.

                        The other day I applied to Col. Tilghman for an order for Shoes for the Two Companies of levies. He thought
                            on a general principle it could not be granted; but as from the best of my own recollection confirmed by inquiry of
                            others, I have reason to believe a distinction was made last campaign in favour of the advanced corps; in the case of
                            Cortland’s regiment, I am induced to submit the matter to your Excellency.
                        Your Excellency is sensible that the service of an advanced corps must be in general more active than of the
                            line, and that in a country like this, the article of shoes is indispensable. If the men cannot be supplied, they cannot
                            perform the duty required of them, which will make the service fall heavier upon that part of the corps which is not under
                            the same disability, as well as render a considerable part of it of much less utility. I will not add any personal
                            consideration to those which affect the Service; though it certainly cannot be a matter of indifference to me.
                        The men I am informed have in general received a bounty of about thirty Pounds each, which is spent. The
                            state makes no provision for them, and the fact is they cannot supply themselves; they must therefore be destitute if they
                            have not a Continental supply.
                        The distinction last Campaign was, if I am not mistaken, that shoes were an article of absolute necessity,
                            and therefore to be allowed, though the articles of cloathing were refused. I have the honor to be Very respectfully, Yr
                            Excellency’s Most Obedt & humble servt

                            A. Hamilton


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Nelson, Jr., 7 August 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Nelson, Thomas, Jr.

                        My dear Sir,

                            Camp near Dobbs’ Ferry 7th Augt 1781

                        Among your numerous friends, none will be found when congratulations on your appointment to the
                            Administration of the Affairs of Virginia, are offered with more cordiality & sincerity than mine.
                        It is long since I had the pleasure of writing to, or receiving a letter from you, but as I am conscious that
                            the silence on my part is not a consequence of diminished friendship, I am equally ready to acquit you of a change in
                            yours.
                        The prest crisis is important, and valuable uses might be made of it, but the hours are fleeting away much
                            faster than we improve them; in proof of this I have only to add that not one half of the Men that was called for to
                            compose this army, & which ought by the requisitions of Congress to have joined it by the first of Jany are yet
                            arrived; nor do I know when they will—After bringing you acquainted with this serious & important fact, I need not
                            detail smaller matters of disappointment & difficulty to shew the irksomeness of my present situation. I have the
                            consolation however to think that, the measures adopted for the operations of the Campaign will effect one part of my
                            plan—namely—the withdraw of part of the enemys force from the Southwd & consequently enable those States to manage
                            the remainder with more ease and less expense.
                        As all new appointments of Officers in the several State lines is vested in the Executive of each, I take the
                            liberty of recommending William Fitzhugh Esqr. third Son of Colo. Fitzhugh of Maryland, for a Commission in Baylor’s
                            Dragoons—I have not the pleasure of his acquaintance—but am told that he is a promising young Gentleman—well educated,
                            and about 20 Years of age. such characters are an acquisition to any Corps; & his father—equally with himself—is
                            desirous of his entering the above where he has a Brother already commissioned; but who, at present, is serving in my
                            family as an extra aid de Camp. I beg the favour of you to present my respectful Compliments to your lady, & that
                            you would be assured, that with sentimts of purest esteem & regard I am—Dr Sir—Yr most Obedt & Affecte
                            Hble Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 7 August 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de

                            Sir,
                             August 7th 1781.

                        I have the honor to inclose (under a flying Seal for your perusal) a letter to Governor Greene, wch I hope
                            will produce the effect your Excellency desires as it is my wish to give perfect security to the Fleet at Newport in the
                            present critical moment. With sentiments of Attachmt & personal Regard—I have the honr to be Yr Excys most Ob. S.

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 7 August 1781
From: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            at Camp, August 7th 1781.

                        Mr De Choisy writes me that 130. of the massachusetts’ militia are arrived at rhode island, and that the
                            Colonel assures the rest will arrive soon, but he likewise writes that those of rhode island State want to go away,
                            saying that their time is out, and that Governor Greene has wrote that he would not send others in their stead. I beg of
                            your Excellency to write to Mr Greene to make him conscious of the necessity there is of rather adding to their number
                            than diminishing it upon rhode island in so critical a moment, in which the common cause is deeply concerned to afford
                            vigourous Succours to the French fleet, till those it expects be arrived, that there may be not the Least danger of an
                            unlucky event, in case Rodney should arrive first. In short, this is a critical moment, it cannot be Long before it be
                            decided, but in the mean time, it is of the greatest importance not to neglect it. I am with respect and personal
                            attachment, Sir, Your most obedient humble Servant

                            le cte de Rochambeau

                            P.S: I went yesterday in the afternoon to Mamaroneck to see the convoy consisting of 32. Sails coming
                                down the Sound, they are very small and the most part, with one mast only, a few have two. I have sent this morning a
                                patroll to Stamford, by the return of which I will know whether they have stopt in Huntington bay, or whether they
                                have sailed further down.


Title: To George Washington from George Walton, 7 August 1781
From: Walton, George
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Philadelphia, 7 August, 1781.

                        By the journals of Congress we percieve, that an application to Congress, from the Executive of the state
                            which we have the honor to represent, respecting the Exchange of General Elbert, was transmitted to you in february last
                            year, in the course of which the Delegates of the State repeated the Application, and were honored with your answer. The
                            late Cartel established in the southern Department, including all Militia captured by either side, prior to a certain day,
                            has given us ground for supposing that he is now liberated from his parole. He was a Brigadier of the Militia, and acting
                            as such, when he was taken; he was esteemed and held as such by the Enemy; And he signed all official papers, during his
                            confinement, in that character. We understand that Major Hyrne, the Commissioner on the part of the United States,
                            considers him included: but we would wish to have your Excellency’s sentiments upon the subject.
                        We will further mention, that the case of Governor Wright was lately taken up in Congress with a view of
                            exchanging him for General Elbert; but upon the prospect of a general Cartel taking place, it was not prosecuted. It is
                            possible that this case might have had some influence in bringing about a general Exchange.
                        We beg leave to embrace this opportunity of congratulating your Excellency on the wonderful change in the
                            affairs of the Southern department. That the appointment of the Officer who has wrought this change, was judicious, the
                            most important and fortunate events bear ample and lasting testimony—events too, brought about with the most inadequate
                            means; And we are happy to assure you, that General Greene has the entire confidence and esteem of Congress, and of the
                            approbation & praise of the Southern States. We wish you health & a successful Campaign, being with the
                            highest esteem & respect, Your Excellency’s most Obedient servants

                            Geo. Walton
                            Richd Howly


Title: To George Washington from Paul-François-Jean-Nicolas, comte de Barras, 8 August 1781
From: Barras, Paul-François-Jean-Nicolas, comte de
To: Washington, George

                            Monsieur,
                            A Newport le 8. août 1781.

                        J’ai reçu la Lettre que Votre Excellence m’a fait l’honneur de m’écrire, en datte du 2. de ce mois. J’aurais
                            désiré que les circonstances m’eussent permis de vous prouver combien je suis empressé à saisir les occasions pour me
                            rendre utile au Service du Roi et à celui des Etats unis. Mais je Suis persuadé que M. de Rochambeau vous ayant communiqué
                            mes Lettres, vous aurés trouvé les raisons que je lui donne décisives. Je vous Serai obligé, Monsieur, Si M. de Grasse
                            parait devant sandy hock de m’en faire informer le plus promptement possible. J’ai mandé à ce Général
                            de me faire également prévenir de Son arrivée par une frégate, afin que je profite de l’occasion favorable pour faire
                            mettre L’Escadre Sous Voiles, et que je Sois en état de le joindre Soit à Sandy hock, ou autre partie de la côte où il Se
                            trouvera. Les mésures que Vous avés prises pour faire passer des Pilotes côtiers à M. de Grasse, Seront on ne peut plus
                            utiles à ce Général. Je pense que Votre Excellence n’ignore pas que je lui en ai envoyé huit à S. Domingue, que je Suis
                            assuré y être bien parvenus.
                        Les Dernieres nouvelles que j’ai euëës de L’Amiral Grasse Sont du 25. Juillet. Il était à croiser à 15. lieues
                            environ de Black Island. Deux raisons peuvent l’avoir obligé à garder cette croisiere. L’une pour y
                            attendre l’Amiral Rodney qui était prêt à partir le 5. Juillet des Isles du vent, l’autre pour couvrir les transports qui
                            doivent revenir dela Virginie.
                        J’envoye à M. de Rochambeau un précis de ce qu’a opéré la croisiere des deux frégates que
                            j’avais détachées de mon Escadre. Je lui mande de Vous en faire part.
                        Je Suis avec respect, Monsieur, De Votre Excellence, Le très humble et très obéissant
                            serviteur

                            barras


Title: From George Washington to William Fitzhugh, 8 August 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Fitzhugh, William

                            Dear Sir,
                            Camp near Dobbss ferry 8th Augt 1781

                        I stand indebted to you for two letters—dated the 26th of Aprl and 29th of May—the reason why I did not,
                            immediately answer so much of the first as related to your Son William, was the hourly expectation I was in of seeing his
                            Brother the Captain, from whom I expected to know what Corps would be prefered—Not doing this till the middle of June, my
                            answer was protracted till I was informed that he had changed his views, and was about to enter the suite of Genel
                            Smallwood—This rendering an answer to that part of the letter in some degree unnecessary—the moving state of the Army, and
                            the junction which was formed with the Auxiliary Troops immediately after, has been the occasion of my silence till I was
                            informed by the Captain that his Brother had revived his first intention of getting an appointment in the Cavalry which
                            has induced me to write to both Govr Nelson & Genl Greene, recommending him to a Commission in Baylors Cavalry—I
                            have no doubt of his succeeding if there is a vacancy in the Regiment.
                        There is scarce a stage of the Campaign, or an occurrence that happens in it, that does not exhibit some
                            proof of the fatal policy of short enlistments, and of the immense expence we are involved in by them. The enemy never
                            fail to take advantage in some quarter or another, of the weak state of our Army, whilst we, if an opening presents
                            itself, have men to raise (by enormous bounties) before advantage can be taken of it; which occasions such a lapse of time
                            that the favourable moment is passed, & the enemy is prepared for us by a transport of their Troops.
                        The force called for and which I ought to have had by the first of Jany is not yet arrived, nor do I know
                            when to expect it. the Season is rapidly advancing, and the enemy, if reports and appearances do not deceive us, is in
                            hourly expectation of a reinforcement from Virginia at New York—thus it is we are always labouring—always accumulating
                            expence—and always disappointed of our object.
                        It is much to be feared that the Campaign will waste away as the last did in a fruitless attempt to get men;
                            who are procured in such a manner, and for such short periods, that the first who come into the field are about leaving
                            it, as the last arrive, by which means an enormous expence is incurred, and no benefit derived; as we never have a
                            sufficient force at any period to answer our purposes.
                        I am clearly in Sentiment with you, that all emissions of Paper money ought to be subject to a supreme
                            direction to give it a proper stamina, & universal credit; and that good & sure funds should be
                            appropriated for the redemption of it—but in this, as in most other matters, the States individually have acted so
                            independantly of each other as to become a mere rope of sand, & to totter upon the brink of ruin at a time when
                            the independency of them, if the Resources which have been drawn forth, had been applied to great objects by one common
                            head, would have been as unshaken as Mount Atlas, and as regardless of the efforts of Great Britain to destroy it, as she
                            is of the unheeded tempests that pass over her.
                        It was with much concern I heard of your second loss by the Pirates of the Bay—and of the Insults Mrs
                            Fitzhugh & yourself had received from them— My Compliments attend her—and with very great
                            esteem & regard I am—Dear Sir Yr Most Obt & Affecte Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Nathanael Greene, 8 August 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

                            Dear Sir,
                            Dobbss Ferry 8th Augt 1781

                        This letter will, probably, be delivered to you by Mr Fitzhugh—third son to Colo. Fitzhugh of Maryland—who is
                            desirous of obtaining an appointment in Baylors Dragoons.
                        Mr Fitzhugh is a stranger to me, but is spoken of as a promising young man, just from his Studies—Such
                            characters is an acquisition to any Corps—I shall be obliged to you for introducing him to my namesake as a fit person to
                            receive a Commission in the Regiment he commands if there is a vacancy in it—and for any civilities you may shew him. With
                            much truth and Sincere Affection I am—Dr Sir Your Obedt Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Thomas McKean, 8 August 1781
From: Washington, George
To: McKean, Thomas

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters Dobbs Ferry Augt 8th 1781

                        I do myself the honor in inform Congress, thro’ your Excellency, that a late meeting between the American &
                            British Commissaries of Prisoners, it has been propos’d by the latter to go into a full exchange of Lt Genll Burgoyne and
                            all the remaining Officers of Convention (by composition where Rank will not apply) for the remainder of our Officers in
                            this Quarter, and after them for those taken at the Southward; one of the terms insisted upon, is that the Prisoners
                            surrender’d by the Capitulation of the Cedars to the amount of 443, shall be allowed.
                        I have not thought myself at Liberty to accede to these proposals without the concurrence of Congress, for
                            the following reasons—That I imagine our Minister at the Court of Versailles has been already directed to propose the
                            exchange of Lt Genll Burgoyne for the Honble Mr Laurens—That I do not know whether it wou’d be agreeable to Congress to
                            release the whole of the Convention Officers, before they have obtain’d a settlement for the subsistance of those Troops.and lastly, because the refusal of the ratification of the Convention of the Cedars, has never been repeal’d. I wou’d beg
                            leave to remark on the two last—that the exchange of our full Colonels can never be obtain’d but by Composition, and that
                            it is better to effect this by a composition for inferior Officers than for Men, because the enemy gain no reinforcement
                            by such mode—To release the Full Colonels in this quarter only, and who all but one have been Prisoners since 1777, it
                            wou’d take 700 privates. Should the security for the Convention debt still be urged, I wou’d answer that we may perhaps
                            deceive ourselves in supposing that the Ballance upon a general settlement for the subsistance of all Prisoners since the
                            commencement of the War will be much in our favour—I am inclin’d to think we shall find it  the contrary, and owing to
                            this; The British have constantly kept their accounts with accuracy, and have Vouchers ready to support them. We on the
                            other hand, shall be found very deficient on that score,— indeed I fear almost totally so, except in the instance of the
                            Convention Troops, and Prisoners of War latterly.
                        Congress will judge of the expediency of repealing their Act, respecting the Convention of the Cedars, upon
                            the present occasion.
                        Mr Skinner the Commissary Genl of Prisoners will have the honor of delivering this to your
                            Excellency. I shall be obliged by an answer to several points contain’d in it, at his return, that I may instruct him
                            accordingly. I have the honor to be with every senttiment of esteem & respect Your Excellency’s Most Obedient
                            Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Alexander Mitchell, 8 August 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Mitchell, Alexander

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters Dobbs’s Ferry 8th Augt 1781.

                        I was surprised at finding by yours of the 1st Inst. that you were distressed for want of provision of any
                            kind, as the State of Pennsylvania had engaged to furnish you liberally. I shall immediately write to Mr Morris the
                            Superintendant of Finance who has undertaken to procure all the supplies required of Pennsylvania and acquaint him with
                            your situation, when I make no doubt but he will take steps to relieve you as soon as it is in his power—You must in the
                            mean time obtain from the inhabitants, in the way least distressing to them, the means of support for your troops—The
                            distance from hence is so great that it is scarcely possible to forward supplies so soon as they may be ordered from
                            Philada. I am &c.


Title: To George Washington from Philip John Schuyler, 8 August 1781
From: Schuyler, Philip John
To: Washington, George

                            Dear Sir
                            Albany August 8th 1781

                        On Saturday the 29th ult. the Commissioners for detecting conspiracies received information that a certain
                            Capt. Myer of Roger’s rangers from Canada lurked in the vicinity of this place. His intentions were to take or assassinate
                            me, this corroborated intelligence given to General Clinton by a person escaped from Canada, On the monday following, a
                            tory, whose gratitude for favors received (surmounted the Influence of his principles) informed that parties were lurking
                            for me, advised me not to walk out on my farm, and assured me that a rumour prevailed amongst the tories that a reward of
                            two hundred Guinies had been promised to deliver me in canada, added to this, Major McKinstry advised me by Express on
                            Sunday, that a party under one Jones, a Lieut. in the British irregulars, watched my coming to Saratoga to take me, that
                            he had certain intelligence of it, and that another party was near this place for the same purpose. On this variety of
                            information, I tooke every precaution for my security, except requesting a guard from General Clinton, went little abroad,
                            and never in the rear of my house, & closed my back doors at sunset, the Enemy finding It Impossible to surprize
                            me out of my house, attempted last night about 9 oClock to take me in it, forced the Gate of a Close court Yard and
                            entered thro the Kitchen, four white men whom I had in the house having flown to their arms very gallantly disputed the
                            passage into my hall, where I was at supper, and gave me time to gain my bedchamber, where my arms
                            were deposited, the Enemy’s members prevail’d, they secured two of my men, wounded a third and obliged the other to fly
                            out of the house for safety, some then entered, whilst others surrounded the house, those in the quarter exposed to my
                            fire retired on the first discharge, those that had got in the Saloon, leading to my bed room, retreated with Great
                            precipitation, on hearing me call "come on my lads surround the house, And Secure the Villains who are plundering," I
                            believe this little incident saved me, for altho the townsmen run with all possible celerity to my assistance assoon as
                            they heard the firing, yet they came too late to overtake the enemy, who Carried off the two men, and part of my plate,
                            Myers who was wounded, headed the party which Consisted of about twenty.
                        Gen. Clinton has ordered me a Serjeants guard but apprehends that he is not authorized to let it remain
                            should he receive Your Excellencys orders to send down Cortlandts regiment, and as It would be imprudent for me to remain
                            in my house without one, the inhabitants back of me for many miles being almost all disaffected, I have to intreat the
                            favor that a small guard may be left me of men least capable of active service.
                        Mr Morris had advised me that the money for building the boats will be ready by the time specifyed in the
                            Contract, I am much obliged by your Intervention on this Occassion, and happy to find that the expence is considerably
                            less than I estimated.
                        The Comt Genl not having sum at the time Your Excellencys order was given I have been
                            under the necessity of borrowing nearly three hogsheads, I wish he may be directed to enable me to replace It assoon as he
                            conveniently can. I am Dr Sir with the most Sincere esteem & affection Your Excellency’s Obedient Servant

                            Ph: Schuyler