Title: From George Washington to Wakelin Welch, Jr., 30 October 1783
From: Washington, George
To: Welch, Wakelin, Jr.

                        Sir,
                            Princeton in the State of New Jersey Octr 30. 1783

                        I have had the honor to receive the duplicate of your favor of the 31st of May, the original is not yet come
                            to hand.
                        I am not yet returned to Virginia after an absence of allmost Nine Years from my Estate—when I get there
                            & can have time to examine into the situation of my affairs, I shall not want a disposition to do compleat &
                            ample justice in the Settlement, & payment of all my Accounts—In the meantime, I cannot avoid complaining of the
                            treatment I have met with from your House in misleading me, as to the mode of transferring the Bank stock—Ten years ago,
                            or more, when it was my desire to do this, & you were called upon to point out the form, I was run to considerable
                            expence, & put to much trouble to follow your directions; after fulfilling which, I was told that that mode would not do, and
                            another was suggested—but the troubles commencing, & my leaving Virginia, prevented the execution of the second—I speak
                            now from memory, but believe I have not misrecited facts.
                        As it now is, as it then was, my intention to apply this Money towards payment of the Balle I owed your House,
                            I would beg of you to take out such power for the transfer, & give me such precise & ample directions for the
                            execution as will admit of no doubt or delay. As the money will be for your benefit by its being applyed to the credit of
                            your Ho. I wish you to have the negociation of the matter—the Letter of Admn power of Attorney or by whatever other name
                            called may be made out in your name accordingly.
                        The Acct Currt, alluded to in your leter not having yet got to hand, I cannot speak to the Contents—to the
                            best of my recollection, your Ho. was indebted to the deceased Mr Custis when I left Virginia in May 1775; what may have
                            happened since, I know not—the year following, he took charge of his own Estate, I cannot be responsible therefore for
                            what may have happened afterwards I have raised no Tobo for severl years on my Estate—whether I shall return to the
                            growth of it again must depend upon the price it is likely to bear, & other circumstances; of which I can form no
                            judgment ’til I get back to Virginia; which will be, I trust, so soon as the British Forces shall have evacuated New
                            York—I condole with you on the loss of your Partners Messrs Cary & Moorey at the same time that I congratulate you on
                            the happy termination of the War, & restoration of Peace. I am Gentn Yr Most Obedt Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Robert Lewis, 31 October 1783
From: Washington, George
To: Lewis, Robert

                            Gentn
                            Rocky Hill Octr 31st 1783

                        Your favor of the 23d is come to hand—since which I have received a letter from Mr Lund Washington informing
                            me, that Wm Roberts my prest miller is not only uneasy at the thoughts of leaving my employ, but has given the strongest
                            assurances of amendment if he should be continued. In consequence I have desired L.W. to contract with him for another
                            year, provided you do not by the first Post to the Southward inform him that you have engaged a Miller; in that case your
                            bargain is to be binding. But as he has given Roberts no encouragement & matters hang in suspence I should be
                            glad, if a good Miller should offer himself to you, that he may not be refused till you hear from Lund Washington, when I
                            have desired to write to you on this subject without delay—I am Gentn—Yr Most Obt Servt

                            G. W——n


Title: To George Washington from Marinus Willett, 31 October 1783
From: Willett, Marinus
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Poughkeepsie 31st October 1783

                        Your Excellencies letter of the 16th Instant was handed to me at this place yesterday—Immediatly after
                            receiving Tents and other necessaries for executing the orders I received from your excellency at Albany. All our State
                            troops that were Most fit for active service were assembled at Fort Herkimer and ordered to march without loss of time to
                            the head of the Communication between the Mohawk and the waters of Ontario, in order to compleat the buildings and other
                            works ordered to be done by your excellency—The extreem backwardness of the Contracters in furnishing provisions retarded
                            the marching of the troops a Considerable time, And the very great rains that since took place have been obstacles in the
                            way of executing those orders—But notwithstanding those difficulties, the day before I left Albany last (which was five
                            days ago) I received advice from Captain pearsey Who has the immediate command of the detachment that
                            had that service to perform; That the Store house and the two block houses were almost compleated that Wood Creek was
                            intirely cleared as That the roads were repaired and intire new bridges made from german flats to Fort Schuyler except the
                            Bridge across the Oriska Creek, And that in a few days he expected to have the whole of the works directed by your
                            excellency compleated.
                        Altho by the reform that is now going to take place in our State troops I shall be mustered out of Service, I
                            beg leave to mention to your excellency that I shall esteem myself happy in obeying any Commands your Excellency may think
                            proper to direct to me. I have the honor to be—with the highest respect Your Excelllencies most obedient and very humble
                            Servant

                            Marinus Willett

                            P.S. Permit me to remind your Excellency that if our State troops are Continued in Service they will
                                stand in real need of an immediate Supply of Clothing.

                            M.W.


Title: Baron von Steuben’s Plan for Disbanding the Army, October 1783
From: Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, Baron [von]
To:

Translationc. October 1783

                        l. The Period being fixed for the dismission of the Army—it will be necessary to adjust the accounts of the
                            Officers and Soldiers from the 1st of January 1783 to that Period.
                        2. As that Period will be more or less retarded as well to give time for the settlement of accounts as to
                            make other necessary arrangements—The Officers and Soldiers shall receive their Pay, Rations and every other Emolument up
                            to that period.
                        3. But as many Officers will desire to attend to their particular affairs so soon as possible after the
                            Proclamation of Peace—this permission shall be granted them on their settling their accounts up to the day of their
                            departure and to enable them to go home. One months Pay shall be paid to them.
                        N.B. it seems just that each Officer and Soldier should receive Pay and Subsistence to the day of their
                            arrival in their own State.
                        4. Those Officers who agree to remain with their Corps till the period fixed for the general discharge of the
                            Army shall enjoy Pay & Subsistence till the time of their dismission and they shall receive Three Months Pay
                            before their departure.
                        5. The Soldiers engaged for the War can not on any pretence be retained against their inclination after the
                            proclamation of Peace. those who desire to retire immediately on their accounts being Settled shall receive their
                            discharges & one Months pay with Provision to carry them to their States where Officers shall conduct them.
                        6. The Soldiers engaged for other terms will remain with their Corps ‘till the Period fixed for the general
                            dismission. They shall then receive three Months Pay—a final discharge and shall be conducted to their respective States
                            by their Officers—being furnished with Provisions.
                        N.B. All Officers from Ensign to Lieut. Colo. inclusive who have not been promoted since the Alliance with
                            france shall be promoted One Grade before their dismission—The Badges of Honour to be distributed, to such Soldiers as
                            have merited them, before their dismission.


Title: From George Washington to Benjamin Franklin, 1 November 1783
From: Washington, George
To: Franklin, Benjamin

                     Dear Sir,
                     Princeton Novr 1st 1783.

                  Major Jackson has just informed me of his intention to embark next Week for Europe—Tho’ he has already had the honor to be introduced to you I could not let him depart without expressing my esteem for his character and my wish that he may experience any civilities it may be in your power to shew him.  With the most respectful attachment I have the honor to be Yr Excellys Most Obt & Most Hble Servt

                     Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, 1 November 1783
From: Washington, George
To: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de

                     My Dear sir
                     Rocky hill 1st Novembr 1783

                  I take the liberty of introducing to the honor of your acquaintance Major Jackson—a Gentleman who has served both in a Military and Civil capacity in this Country with great Credit and Reputation.
                  I shall be much obliged to you to afford him your protection whilst in France being assured that he will Render himself worthy of any civilities you may shew him. I am &c.


Title: To George Washington from Benjamin Lincoln, 1 November 1783
From: Lincoln, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

                     Dear General
                     War Office Novr 1st 1783

                  Inclosed is a subsistance Roll for the officers, in the hospital department with Mr Carletons remarks—I wish your Excellencys information who of them will be continued in pay for this month—I have the honr to be Dr Sir with great esteem your Excellencys most Ob. st

                     B. Lincoln


Title: To George Washington from Lachlan McIntosh, 1 November 1783
From: McIntosh, Lachlan
To: Washington, George

                     Dear General,
                     Savannah 1st Novr 1783.

                  May I presume to trouble your Excellency with the perusal of the enclosed, before it is Sealed and sent to Congress.  two reasons induces me to take this Liberty, the first is, that I would always Wish to preserve your good Opinion, maugre all Mallice and Slander.  the other, to request it may be accompanyed with your Interest and influence with Congress to do Justice to my injured Reputation, which I hold dearer than Life.
                  It is to you Sir, under whose Auspices, direction and observation, the most honorable and Just War that ever was Waged, and brought to a glorious Issue, the Army, and every Member of it appeal when they apprehend themselves injured, and through your Mediation, as the proper Channel, that each of them expect Justice.
                  If the enclosed application to Congress merits your Excellency’s attention, I flatter myself that you will Support it, and intreat it may be Sent.  I have the Honor to be, with the greatest Esteem and Respect.  Your Excellency’s much obliged & most obedt Hble Servt

                     Lachn McIntosh


Title: From George Washington to Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 1 November 1783
From: Washington, George
To: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de

                     My dear Count,
                     Princeton Novr 1st 1783

                  Since my last, written about a fortnight ago, and put into the hands of General Duportail to be conveyed to you, I have been honored with your favor the 24th of April from Paris—Be assured, My dear Sir, that these repeated assurances of your friendship, and frequent of your affection for me are pleasingly grateful and make a deep impression on my Mind.
                  Could I so far flatter my vanity as to believe that a visit from me to France, would afford any satisfaction to your August Sovereign it would add greatly, very greatly indeed to the pleasure I should feel in paying my respects to the nation I esteem and the friends in it I love—and would make me forego many matters which private interest & convenience strongly prompts me to, to accomplish a Voyage for this purpose.
                  We have this instant got News of the signing of the Definitive Treaty of Peace at Paris, on the 3d of Septr.  On this happy event permit me to offer you my warmest congratulations, and to express to you how much, and how sincerely I am My dear Count Yr Most Obedt and Affecte Hble Servt

                     Go: Washington

                     Let me entreat you to present me to the Viscount de Rochambeau, & those Gentlemen who served under your orders in this Country, in terms of sincere regard—as you may occasionally meet them.


Title: To George Washington from Anthony Wayne, 1 November 1783
From: Wayne, Anthony
To: Washington, George

                     Dear sir
                     Philadelphia 1st Novr 1783

                  Having been long accustomed to act under your Excellency’s eye, or particular Orders in the field, & frequently honored by your public approbation, & from a wish to merit a continuance of that favorable Opinion of my Conduct, since detatched from you after the Reduction of York, I am induced to lay before your Excellency a brief detail of the principal Operations of the troops under my Immediate Command in Georgia &ca.  Justice & gratitude to them, also urges the necessity!  Permit me therefore to beg the Indulgence of your Excellency, whilst I recapitulate, that on the 19th of Janry 1782 we crossed the Savannah river & effected a landing in Georgia, with only three troops of Dragoons i.e. two of the first Virginia Cavalry under Lieut. Colo. White & one of Moylans under Capt. Gill, amounting in the whole to 150 Effectives, with which force we manoeuvred the Enemy out of several strong posts, & with the aid of a small state corps & a few spirited Militia of Georgia, confined to the town of Savannah upwards of 1500 regular troops, exclusive of Militia, refugees Indians, armed Negroes &ca to the amount of nearly One thousand more, who in their retreat desolated the Country & destroyed and broke up, all the Bridges, & causeways to the very gates of the Town—a measure by which the British General Clarke, thought to have compeled us to abandon Georgia!  but being determined to hold possession, & hearing of a small quantity of forage & provision, on the great Ogechee, fifteen miles S.W. of Savannah, I advanced to secure it: when we arrived near that river, a large body of Indians were discovered by our Vanguard, these I had previously clothed, in British uniform, in order to deceive, or decoy the enemy which had the desired effect, & enabled me to capture, & route upwards of 300 Indians (with little expence of blood) among the Captives were twenty Six Kings, & Chiefs, of the Choctaw Nation!  we also took Ninety Seven Horses loaded with Skins, these savage Chiefs were sent to Ebenezer 25 Miles above Savannah, where I delivered them the Talk No. 1. & had them convoyed by a safe escort, as far as the River Alatamaha towards their own Country which had a happy effect upon that Nation!  from this period we held our ground in the state of Georgia under a choice of difficulties, attended with almost perpetual alarms, & many severe skirmishes with numerous & inveterate foes, in which we lost some worthy Officers and several brave men & valuable horses; about this time we fortunately effected the distruction of the enemies principal Magazine of forage, deposited under the Influence of their Artillery, which was burned (in the night) by Lieut. Colo. Jackson at the head of a little state Corps, whilst I drew the enemies attention to an other Quarter by a false attack upon the right of the Town!  This affair compelled them to reduce their Cavalry, from 300 to 160 Dragoons.
                  On the 4th of April, I was reenforced by a small but Gallant Corps of Virginia Infantry amounting to near 300 men under that worthy & experienced Officer Lieut. Colo. Posey!  I had also formed two Corps of lately reclaimed Citizens, one was added to Colo. Jackson, who took a fluctuating position about 14 Miles in front of the Enemy, the other was sent to reenforce Lieut. Colo. Cooper who Commanded a few Georgia Volunteers on the S.W. side the Great Ogechee, which enabled me to give some respite to the regular Cavalry & Infantry, the first that they had experienced for many months!
                  The enemy were in turn kept in perpetual alarm, & in hourly apprehension of a Mutiny, from proclamations &ca &ca which I found means to distribute in Dutch & English, among the British, Hessian, & American Regiments; see No. 2.
                  On the 21st May I recd intelligence of the enemy being out in force, a move that I had long wished for, & therefore seized with avidity the Opportunity of attacking them in the Night with effect: about four miles S.W. of Savannah, the particulars you’l see in a Copy of a letter to Genl Greene No. 3.  After this nights business, the Enemy became very cautious & shy, their Cavalry were almost Annihilated, having but forty left, out of One Hundred & sixty that were in the charge!  they were now insulted in their lines, by the very Citizens who a few days before were in their service, & who were deserting them by whole Companies, & Joining their Arms with ours!
                  this essential change of circumstances, & an intimation of the intended evacuation of Savannah, determined me to advance from Ebenezer, to a post at Sharon five miles in front of the enemy, in which position we continued from the 17th, until the 24th June about 1/2 after 12 OClock at night, when the rear guard composed of Capt. Parkers light Company, & twenty Dragoons (where I was in Person) were attacked by upwards of five Hundred  picked Chiefs & warriors, of the Creek Nation!  the particulars you will find related in a letter to Genl Greene No. 4.  I now discovered that these Indians were to have formed a Junction with the British under Colo. Brown, near the Ogechee at this age of the moon: but thro’ some mistake in the Interpreters, Brown had anticipated the time, & experienced a total defeat, on the 21st May, (a moon sooner) as already related, these fortunate defeats, together with the loss of the famous Emisterago, & a great Number of Kings & principal chiefs of the Creek Nation was followed with the Speech No. 5. delivered in Savannah on the 13th of July to the Factor brother to the Talacy King, in which I recapitulated my former speech to the Choctaws, which has had such an Influence upon the minds of all the Southern Indians, as to Induce them to solicite peace, & as a first stept towards it, they have already delivered up the Negroes, Cattle &ca which they had taken from the Inhabitants of Georgia!
                  These successes were likewise productive of overtures from the Inhabitants of East Florida contained in No. 6 & 7—which together with certain accounts of the Defection of the Garrison, confirmed by the desertion of one whole Company of Grenadiers from the 60th Regiment, (twenty Nine had already arrived at my Camp) Circumstances that Induced me to Issue the Proclamation No. 8.
                  Many copies were dispersed in the Garrison of St Augustine, & among the Inhabitants—but the probability of the Garrison of Savannah forming a Junction with that in Charlestown, & advancing in force against Genl Greene, caused him to direct me to form an Immediate Junction with him in So. Carolina where we were honored in Genl Orders No. 9.
                  But the most flattering circumstance was the approbation of the Worthy corps that had experienced every extreme of difficulty & Danger in common with me, as expressed in No. 10 by Colo. Posey & Major Finley!  Justice & gratitude urged the acknowledgment of their fortitude, perseverance & Conduct in No. 11.
                  This Corps was again put under my Command about the 9th Decr to which were added Colo. Lee’s partizan Legion, & the light Infantry of the Army!  with which force I passed the Ashly & pushed the advanced Corps of the Enemy into Charles town, compeling Genl Leslie to ask permission thro’ his Adjt General to retire unmolested, to which I consented conditionally as you will see by No. 12. 13. & 14.
                  Of all these Operations & Manoeuvres, I believe few, if any (except the Affair of the 21st May 1782) were made public, or even communicated to the Honble Congress or your Excellency, Altho’ some of them were honorable to our arms, & Essential to the peace happiness & security of the Southern States!
                  The friendship I have always experienced from Genl Greene, & his having transmited copies of my letters of the 24th May & 24th June 1782 to the Minister of War Induces me to attribute his not giving a more full account of our transactions, to a hurry of business: or that some of his letters might have miscarried, otherwise I am confident that I should not have been reduced to the disagreeable situation of recapitulating (at this late period) Actions of trying services, that would not have Disgraced a favorite page in the History of the American War!  Among other trophies taken in the affair on the night of the 24th June, is an Elegant British Standard!  may I take the liberty of requesting your Excellency, to lay this letter, or such part, as you may think proper before the Honble Congress, & to honor me with your or their Orders respecting the Standard!  Interim I beg you to believe me with every sentiment of Esteem Your Excellency’s Most Obt & very Huml Sert

                     Anty Wayne


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 2 November 1783
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

                     Dear Sir
                     Rocky hill 2nd Novr 1783

                  Your Excellency’s favor of the 14th of October reached me in a few days, and was replied to by the Post before the last, by some neglect however, the letter was left out of the Mail and remained in the Post Office until the Evening before the last Post should have gone, when it was, with all the Eastern Mail, stolen from thence; nor can I now send you a Copy, for all the Copies of my letters, both public and Private, to that day, met the same fate being inclosed to Colonel Varick to record.
                  I had by the same Post, and before I received your Excellency’s Letter, directed Genl Knox to confer with you and have every necessary arrangement made to take possession of New York the moment the British should evacuate it—This I did in consequence of Sir Guy Carleton’s informing me verbally thro’ Mr Parker that he expected to evacuate the City by the 20th of this Month, and that when the Transports which were gone to Nova Scotia returned, he should be able to fix the day.  Receiving your Letter after I had written this to General Knox, I added a Postcript to his Letter desiring the Troops which might move down might be put under your Command.
                  My Letter to your Excellency gave all this information, and assured you of my compliance with your request in sending you by Express the first notice I should receive of Sir Guy’s intention to leave the City.
                  I now do myself the honor to inclose you an Extract of a Letter from Colo. Ogden (formerly of the Jersey line) to me, which assures us of the Definitive Treaty being signed the 3d September last so that we may momently expect its arrival.  With every Sentiment of respect and esteem I have the honor to be Dear Sir Your Excellency’s Most Obedt and humble Servant

                     Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Henry Knox, 2 November 1783
From: Washington, George
To: Knox, Henry

                     Dear Sir,
                     Rocky Hill 2d Novr 1783

                  You will readily conceive how much I have been chagreened, & vexed at a loss occasioned by the stupidity of the Postmaster at Princeton, when I tell you, that the original of which the enclosed is a duplicate, & the first draughts of all my public & private letters written in the Six Weeks preceeding; were lost with the Mail on Thursday Night last.
                  Having many letters to write by the Post the Week before, & being interrupted by Company, I was unable to get my dispatches ready the overnight (as usual) for the Mail, but sent them off by day break the next Morning to the Post Office—the Manager of which, as the Mail, I presume, was made up the night before, being too lazy to get up, suffered the Post rider to go off without them.  Ashamed to return or to acknowledge that he had not sent them, he kept them to go by the last Weeks Post, by which means I have not only lost all my dispatches, but the draughts, as I have mentioned above, of all the letters which I have written within that course of time; they being enclosed to Colo. Varick for Registering.
                  Genl Lincoln’s resignation has been offered & accepted—he has been requested to continue the duties of Office till Congress Adjourn from this place before which it is thought no Successor will be appointed—it is very questionable indeed whether after this day, there will be a sufficient number of States to do any business—important business there certainly will not.
                  I have conversed with several Members of Congress upon the propriety in time of Peace of Uniting the Offices of Master of Ordnance & Secretary at War in one person, & letting him have the Command of the Troops of the Peace Establishment—not as an appendage of right—for that I think would be wrong but by seperate appointment at the discretion of Congress—those I have spoken to on the subject seem to approve the idea which if adopted wd make a handsome appointment—I will converse with others on this one head and let you know the result—my wishes to serve you in it you need not doubt, being with much truth Dr Sir Yr Most Affecte

                     Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Henry Knox, 2 November 1783
From: Washington, George
To: Knox, Henry

                     Dear Sir,
                     Rocky hill 2nd November 1783

                  I had the pleasure to reply to your Letter of the 15th of October to go by the Post before the last, but by some neglect my letter was left out of the Mail and remained in the Post office untill the Evening before the last Post should have gone, when it was, with all the Easter Mail, stolen from thence—unfortunately too, all the Copies of my letters up to that day met with the same accident, being inclosed to Colo. Varick to record.
                  I will now endeavour to recollect the Contents of my last.
                  If the number of men whose times expire in January, are not sufficient for the purpose of providing Wood for the Garrison, I have no objection to your including those whose times expire in february—this may be done with more propriety now than heretofore, the British having lately, considerably diminished their force in New York.
                  In permitting the Officers to retire, nothing more need be attended to, than keeping a sufficient number for the Troops which remain in service.
                  It is now a long time since I directed the Clothier General to provide the necessary Winter Clothing for the Troops, he has not informed me what he has done in this business, I will press him again, and do all in my power to have you supplyed; In the mean time the clothing at Newburg will go some way in relieving your present wants, observing in the distribution of it to favor those who having longest to stay in service are most entitled to it; there is some refuse Clothing returned in store which might be applied to the most pressing wants of those whose times soon expire.
                  So far one letter—in another which was lost at the same time—I mentiond that Sir Guy Carleton had informed me verbally thro’ Mr Parker of his intention to evacuate the City in all November, and that when the Transports which were gone to Nova Scotia returned he should be able to fix the day, that as the Notice might be short I wished you to confer with Governor Clinton & have every necessary arrangement made for taking possession of New York the moment the British should evacuate it—I mentioned also the propriety of the Governors having the Command of the Troops who should move down, whilst they remained in or near the City.  With great esteem and regard I am Dear Sir Your Most Obedt Servt

                     Go: Washington


Title: Washington’s Farewell Address to the Army, 2 November 1783
From: Washington, George
To:

                      2 November 1783

                  Genll Washington’s Farewell Orders issued to the Armies of the United States of America the 2d day of Novr 1783 Rocky Hill, near Princeton
                  The United States in Congress assembled, after giving the most honorable testimony to the Merits of the Federal Armies, and presenting them with the thanks of their Country for their long, eminent and faithful Services, having thought proper, by their Proclamation bearing date the 18th day of October last, to discharge such part of the Troops as were engaged for the War, and to permit the Officers on Furlough to retire from Service from and after tomorrow, which Proclamation having been communicated in the public papers for the information and government of all concerned.  it only remains for the Commander in Chief to address himself once more, and that for the last time, to the Armies of the United States (however widely dispersed the Individuals who composed them may be) and to bid them an affectionate—a long farewell.
                  But before the Commander in Chief takes his final leave of those he holds most dear, he wishes to indulge himself a few moments in calling to mind a slight review of the past—He will then take the liberty of exploring with his Military friends their future prospects, of advising the general line of conduct which in his opinion ought to be persued, and he will conclude the Address, by expressing the obligations he feels himself under for the spirited and able assistance he has experienced from them, in the performance of an arduous office.
                  A contemplation of the compleat attainment (at a period earlier than could have been expected) of the object for which we contended, against so formidable a power, cannot but inspire us with astonishment and gratitude—The disadvantageous circumstances on our part, under which the War was undertaken, can never be forgotten—The singular interpositions of Providence in our feeble condition were such, as could scarcely escape the attention of the most unobserving,while the unparalleled perseverence of the Armies of the United States, through almost every possible suffering and discouragement, for the space of eight long years, was little short of a standing Miracle.
                  It is not the meaning nor within the compass of this Address, to detail the hardships peculiarly incident to our Service, or to discribe the distresses which in several instances have resulted from the extremes of hunger and nakedness, combined with the rigors of an inclement season.  Nor is it necessary to dwell on the dark side of our past affairs.  Every American Officer and Soldier must now console himself for any unpleasant circumstances which may have occurred, by a recollection of the uncommon scenes in which he has been called to act, no inglorious part; and the astonishing Events of which he has been a witness—Events which have seldom, if ever before, taken place on the stage of human action, nor can they probably ever happen again.  For who has before seen a disciplined Army formed at once from such raw materials?  Who that was not a witness could imagine, that the most violent local prejudices would cease so soon, and that Men who came from the different parts of the Continent, strongly disposed by the habits of education, to despise and quarrel with each other, would instantly become but one patriotic band of Brothers?  Or who that was not on the spot can trace the steps by which such a wonderful Revolution has been effected, and such a glorious period put to all our Warlike toils?
                  It is universally acknowledged that the enlarged prospect of happiness, opened by the confirmation of our Independence and Sovereignty, almost exceeds the power of description.  And shall not the brave Men who have contributed so essentially to these inestimable acquisitions, retiring victorious from the Field of War, to the Field of Agriculture, participate in all the blessings which have been obtained?  In such a Republic, who will exclude them from the rights of Citizens and the fruits of their labours?  In such a Country so happily circumstanced, the persuits of Commerce and the cultivation of the Soil, will unfold to industry the certain road to competence.  To those hardy Soldiers, who are actuated by the spirit of adventure, the Fisheries will afford ample and profitable employment, and the extensive and fertile Regions of the West, will yield a most happy Asylum to those, who fond of domestic enjoyment, are seeking for personal independence.  Nor is it possible to conceive that any one of the United States will prefer a National Bankrupcy and a dissolution of the Union, to a compliance with the requisitions of Congress and the payment of its just debts—so that the Officers and Soldiers may expect considerable assistance in recommending their civil occupations, from the sums due to these from the Public, which must and will most inevitably be paid.
                  In order to effect this desirable purpose, and to remove the prejudices which may have taken possession of the Minds of any of the good People of the States, it is earnestly recommended to all the Troops that with strong attachments to the Union, they should carry with them into civil Society the most conciliating dispositions; and that they should prove themselves not less virtuous and usefull as Citizens, than they have been persevering and victorious as Soldiers.  What tho’ there should be some envious Individuals who are unwilling to pay the Debt the public has contracted, or to yield the tribute due to Merit, yet let such unworthy treatment produce no invective, or any instance of intemperate conduct,  let it be remembered that the unbiased voice of the Free Citizens of the United States has promised the just reward, and given the merited applause;let it be known and remembered that the reputation of the Federal Armies is established beyond the reach of Malevolence, and let a conciousness of their atchievements and fame, still incite the Men who composed them to honorable Actions; under the persuasion that the private virtues of economy, prudence and industry, will not be less amiable in civil life, than the more splendid qualities of valour, perseverence and enterprise, were in the Field: Every one may rest assured that much, very much of the future happiness of the Officers and Men, will depend upon the wise and manly conduct which shall be adopted by these, when they are mingled with the great body of the Community.  And altho’, the General has so frequently given it as his opinion in the most public and explicit manner, that unless the principles of the Federal Government were properly supported, and the Powers of the Union encreased, the honor, dignity, and justice of the Nation would be lost for ever; yet he cannot help repeating on this occasion, so interesting a sentiment, and leaving it as his last injunction to every Officer and every Soldier, who may view the subject in the same serious point of light, to add his best endeavours to those of his worthy fellow Citizens towards effecting their great and valuable purposes, on which our very existence as a Nation so materially depends.
                  The Commander in Chief conceives little is now wanting to enable the Soldier to change the Military character into that of the Citizen, but that steady and decent tenor of behaivour which has generally distinguished, not only the Army under his immediate Command, but the different Detachments and seperate Armies, through the course of the War; from their good sense and prudence he anticipates the happiest consequences; And while he congratulates them on the glorious occasion which renders their Services in the Field no longer necessary, he wishes to express the strong obligations he feels himself under, for the assistance he has received from every Class—and in every instance.  He presents his thanks in the most serious and affectionate manner to the General Officers, as well for their Counsel on many interesting occasions, as for their ardor in promoting the success of the plans he had adopted—To the Commandants of Regiments and Corps, and to the other Officers for their great Zeal and attention in carrying his orders promptly into execution—To the Staff for their alacrity and exactness in performing the duties of their several Departments—And to the Non-commissioned Officers and private Soldiers, for their extraordinary patience in suffering, as well as their invincible fortitude in Action—To the various branches of the Army, the General takes this last and solemn oppertunity of professing his inviolable attachment & friendship—He wishes more than bare professions were in his power, that he was really able to be usefull to them all in future life; He flatters himself however, they will do him the justice to believe, that whatever could with propriety be attempted by him, has been done.  And being now to conclude these his last public Orders, to take his ultimate leave, in a short time, of the Military Character, and to bid a final adieu to the Armies he has so long had the honor to Command—he can only again offer in their behalf his recommendations to their grateful Country, and his prayers to the God of Armies.  May ample justice be done them here; and may the choicest of Heaven’s favors both here and hereafter attend those, who under the divine auspices have secured innumerable blessings for others: With these Wishes, and this benediction, the Commander in Chief is about to retire from service—The Curtain of seperation will soon be drawn—and the Military Scene to him will be closed for ever.


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Shaw, 3 November 1783
From: Washington, George
To: Shaw, Samuel

                            By His Excellency
                             3 November 1783

                  This Certifies that Captain Saml Shaw was appointed a Lt of Artillery the Army of the United States of America in 1775 the Year following he was appointed Adjutant and in 1777—Captain Lt and Brigade Major to the Corps of Artillery,—in which capacity he served untill May 1779 when he was appointed Aid De Camp to Maj. Genl Knox Commanding the Artillery with whom he remained till the Close of the War—having in 1780 been promoted to the rank of Captain of Artillery.
                  From the testimony of the superior Officers under whom Cap. Shaw has served as well as from my own Observation I am enabled to Certifie that throughout the whole course of his Services he has greatly distinguished himself in every thing that could entitle him to the Character of an Intelligent—Active & brave Officer.


Title: To George Washington from Nathanael Greene, 3 November 1783
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

                     Sir
                     Philadelphia Novr 3d 1783

                  I return your Excellency many thanks for your polite letter accompanying the resolution of Congress, complimenting me with a couple of Cannon.  I am not very certain where those Cannon are, but I believe two are in Virginia & three in So. Carolina, and it is no less difficult for me to determine where I would wish those sent which are made choice of for me.  If those in So. Carolina should be fixed upon, I would wish them to remain in Charleston.  But if those in Virginia should be appropriated for this purpose, if agreable, let them be sent to Newport.  Should anything happen before this business is executed, which should enable me to be more explicit on the subject, I shall take the earliest opportunity of signifying to Your Excellency, my further wishes in the matter.  I am with the highest respect and greatest esteem Your Excellencys most obedient humble servant

                     Nath. Greene


Title: From George Washington to Henry Knox, 3 November 1783
From: Washington, George
To: Knox, Henry

                     Sir,
                     Rocky hill 3 Nov.1783

                  I do myself the honor to transmit you the proceedings of the society of the Cincinnati of the State of So. Carolina which I reced yesterday.  I am sir Your most Obed. Servt

                     Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 3 November 1783
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

                     My dear General
                     West point 3 Novr 1783

                  I received your Excellencys farewell orders, yesterday by express.  I shall not attempt to describe my feelings upon this affecting occasion—But I most sincerely and devoutly pray that the Almighty would preserve you for a long period, to see the happy fruits of all your toils.
                  The cannon for the Count de Grasse are I beleive finished.  Three weeks, or a month past, I was at Poughkepsie, and Mr Billings said that they should be sent down in a few days.  I shall this day send a boat for them, and shall concert with the Quarter Master General, the most effectual measures, to transport them immediately to the Minister of France at Philadelphia.  The poor Count will stand in great need of this consolation—I hope his sentence will not deprive him of the bald eagle.  It may perhaps have as good an effect as the croix of St Louis.  I am my dear General Your truly affectionate humble Servant

                     H. Knox


Title: To George Washington from Hugh Martin, 3 November 1783
From: Martin, Hugh
To: Washington, George

                     Sir
                     Philadelphia Novr 3d 1783

                  In a few lines which I had the honor of Receiving from your Excellency some time ago; on the Subject of my discovery, You recommended to me, not to let it be lost, I therefore ashure you, that it is so foreign from my Intention, that it should be lost; that it is my sincere wish, to have its uses extended as far as possible; to the relief of those afflicted with Cancerous Complaints, And in as short a time, as it could with propriety be effected.  Sensible that the delay of days and Years add to the miseries of vast Numbers, which might now obtain relief, and who are at such a distance and in such circumstances as not to be able to reach this place; as well as having a happy tendency in prolonging the lives of many valuable members of Society, who daily fall Victims to this Disease.  And the same have supposed the Number inconsiderable from the Comparatively few affected with it among their Acquaintances.  Still when we consider those few among every ones Acquaintance throughout the World; they Amount to an immence Number.  This Consideration touches humanity in the most Sensible manner, and often has hurt my feelings,  And tho, it is without any foundation supposed that I mean not to extend its uses while I live.  Yet I ashure Your Excellency, that I am now as willing, and shall with as much freedom impart its usefulness to Mankind, as it can be received by them, and could words be more Expressive of the Satisfaction I should have at such an Event.  I should be equally happy in giving you a more Ample proof of it.  But at the same time I wish it to be introduced agreeble to its Value, by a mode which will be best calculated to make it most useful—When this medicine first fell into my hands and when I first discovered its Virtues, I entertained nearly the same Opinion of it, that near four years practice without a return of the Disease confirms.  And although on my first Setting out, it was a Natural consequence to Expect some doubtful opinions, both from the Variety of Impositions which has been and is daily Exercised by many, as well as from the Singularity of the Undertaking.  But the first trials here proving Successful, gave it the general Approbation and daily Experience Evidencing the same to the world; leaves not the least room for a doubt, with respect to the fact.
                  The Medicine being a native of America and peculiar to its groth, and being singular in its effects and certain in its Operation, will ever make it of great demand in other Countries, so that the Advantages from Exportation with some others which will Accompany it, are Objects worth some Attention—My being the first Discoverer Vests in me by the Law of Nature an inherent right as well as by the Laws of Nations; and adding the Attempt I have paid in bringing it to perfection, are circumstances which no doubt will admit of some indulgences; for with the knowledge of the improvements I have made on it in the Course of Such an extensive practice, (did I even give the Medicine) none I am shure could have the same Success.  I have now by me in manuscript a Treatise on Cancers and their Method of Cure, which is nearly completed, wherin is Contained the whole of my Observations, on that Disease—both the Causes, also of those diseases which frequently terminate in the Cancer which will take up a Considerable Volume.  Which if agreable to the public in general I shall publish and with it extend the Medicine, which if Encouraged may be effected in the Course of the Spring and Summer, And at the same time for fear of accident the name and description of the medicine should be safely deposited.  Many of the Physicians of the first Eminence Concur with me in this mode as well as vast numbers of every Denomination; who Conceive it both liberal and well Calculated to prevent imposition.  and when affected will afford me more leasure time for further investigation; and to complete some other Subjects, which have fallen under my Consideration and of Utility.  I have the honor to be with the greatest esteem and regard your excellencys most obedient and very humble Servant

                     H. Martin


Title: From George Washington to Timothy Pickering, 3 November 1783
From: Washington, George
To: Pickering, Timothy

                     Sir,
                     Rocky hill 3 Nov. 1783

                  I am favored with your Letter of the 27 October.
                  As Congress have by their Proclamation discharged all that part of the Army which were before furloughed I am to desire you to continue to discharge such Officers of your Department as become supernumary instead of furloughing them as directed in my last.  I am Sir Your Most Obedt Servant

                     Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Board of War, 4 November 1783
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

                      4 November 1783

                  Major Allen McLane late of the Continental Army under my command informs me that John Pierce Esquire pay master General and Commissioner of Army accounts Doth not consider himself authorized by the resolution of congress, and construction of the Honorable board of war to adjust his claims to half pay for life and refers the Major to Lieut. Col. H. Lee to be provided for with the other officers of his legion.  Major McLane has served in the army of the United States from the Commencement of the war early in the year 1777.  he raised a full company which was attached to one of the 16 additional regiments.  on his joining the continental army he was selected to command a party of observation and on the Incorporation of those Regiments into other Regiments of the several States he was appointed to the command of Major Lees’ partizan Infantry July 13. 1779. and served with great reputation in Lee’s legion till March 1781.  the Major was then transferred to the Army under the Baron Steubens’ command in Virginia—he commanded a detachment from the Marquis De’Lafayettes’ Infantry and under the immediate orders of the board of war, and commander in chief till after the Seige of York and he was permitted to retire on half pay for life on the 31st day of December 1781.  Given under my Hand and Seal at Rocky Hill the 4th day of November 1783

                     Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to John Cochran, 4 November 1783
From: Washington, George
To: Cochran, John

                     Sir
                     Rocky hill 4th Novr 1783.

                  The Troops in Pennsylvania and to the Southward of it (except the Garrison of Fort Pitt) being all discharged by a Proclamation of this day; it appears to me no longer necessary to keep in service so many Officers of the Hospital Department as are included in the within Copy of a Subsistance Roll for this Month lately transmitted to me.
                  I am now to desire you, to transmit to me as soon as possible a List of such of the Officers of your Department as it will be absolutely necessary to retain for the Troops which remain in service, and to acquaint the rest that their services are no longer necessary.  I am Sir Your most Obedient Servant

                     Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Jean-Baptiste de Gouvion, 4 November 1783
From: Gouvion, Jean-Baptiste de
To: Washington, George

                     Sir
                     philadelphia Nov. the 4th 1783.

                  At the moment of leaving a Country where I had the honour of Serving during Seven years, under your command, I beg your Excellency’s leave to express to you how gratefull I am for all the favours you have been pleased to bestow upon me.  although the part I acted in this happy and glorious revolution Was but Small, I Shall alwais pride in remembering that I was an American Officer:  the testimonies I have of this Satisfaction your Excellency had of my Services will in every time be dear to me.  they were my only whish, and I feell very happy in having obtained them.
                  May your Excellency experience from his country a gratitude to well deserved, but which can never be equal to the unparalleled toils, labours, and cares you have Sustained to Save it, may you for a long while See its inhabitants enjoy an happiness and prosperity for which you have So much done, and So happily Secured.
                  in whatever part of the World my duty my call me, I will look as a favor if your Excellency grants to me leave of informing you of what may happen there worth your notice.  I have the honour to be with the greatest respect your Excellency’s the most humble and obedient Servant

                     J. Gouvion


Title: From George Washington to Guy Carleton, 6 November 1783
From: Washington, George
To: Carleton, Guy

                     Sir
                     Rocky Hill Novr 6th 1783

                  I have had the honor to receive your Letter of the 3d of Octr acquainting me with the arrangements your Excellency had made for the removal of the Troops & Stores of His Britannick Majesty, from the Post of Penobscot.
                  In consequence of the information given by your Excellency to Congress some time past that you had recd Orders for the evacuation of N. York, and of the verbal Message you were pleased to send by Mr Parker to me respecting the period of embarkation; I am now induced to request, you will be so obliging as to inform me of the particular time, or even the certain day (if possible) when this event will happen.
                  This information will be extremely interesting to my private as well as public Arrangements, indeed I should not have troubled your Excellency with the request, but for my peculiar circumstances & the advanced Season, which render it essential for me to be ascertained of the period of your embarkation as early as may be convenient; and which I entreat may be considered as my apology for the present application.
                  Colo. Cobb one of My Aids de Camp will have the honor of delivering this Letter, and of bearing your Ansr to me.  I have the honor to be.


Title: To George Washington from Antoine-Jean-Louis Le Bègue de Presle Duportail, 6 November 1783
From: Duportail, Antoine-Jean-Louis Le Bègue de Presle
To: Washington, George

                     dear general
                     philad. 6 novr 1783

                  I hope your excellency will not be displeased with the liberty I take of sending to you the inclosed letter to Congress for Capt. Castaing and of requesting you would be so good as to forward it in a proper time, if you do not think it improper.  I did not propose at first to trouble you about this affair; but while I was preparing my application, I heard of the sudden and unexpected dissolution of Congress—in this Circumstance when I am going to france, when Capt. Castaing Remains without support, I have Recourse to your Excellency’s goodness—the Reasons you had dear general, during the war for being averse to such Recommendations do not exist now and the favour I ask absolutely indifferent to america may be usefull to Cap. Castaing in his Country.  the support which your Excellency will be pleased to give to my Request shall make me exceedingly happy because it will probably assure the succès of a demand which I have much at heart, and because it will be a new proof of that goodness towards me which has attached me till now To america.  I have the honour to be with the greatest Respect and attacht your Excellencys the most obedient and humble servant

                     duportail


Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 6 November 1783
From: Washington, George
To: Hamilton, Alexander

                     Dear Sir,
                     Rocky Hill Novr 6th 1783.

                  The enclosed is a letter which I had written, & was about to dispatch at the date of it; but upon second thoughtsdetermined to Postpone it, & try, if from the importance of the matter, I could not bring forward the Peace Establishment previously.
                  I have tryed it,  in vain—Congress after resolving on the  of last Month to adjourn upon the 12th of this, did, equally unexpectedly & surprizingly to me, finish their Session at this place the day before yesterday; without bringing the Peace Establishment, or any of the many other pressing matters, to a decision.
                  Finding this was likely to be the case, I showed your letter to some of your particular friends & consulted them on the propriety of making known your wishes; with my testimonial of your Services to Congress;but they advised me to decline it under a full persuasion that no discrimination would, or indeed could be made at this late hour  as every other Officer from the highest to the lowest grade (not in actual command) were retiring without the retention of Rank—and that the remainder upon a Peace establishment (if a Continental one should ever take place) would come in upon the New System, under fresh appointments; so that unless you wished to come into actual command again, (which none supposed) they saw no way by which you could preserve your Rank.
                  I have the pleasure to enclose you a Brevet; giving you the Rank of full Colonel,and with best respects to Mrs Hamilton & General Schuyler & family I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 6 November 1783
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

                     My Dear Sir
                     Westpoint 6 Novr 1783

                  I have just received the Cannon from Mr Billings for the Count de Grasse.  I know not exactly who to direct them to, but supposing that your Excellency might wish to see them and probably send a letter to the Count, I have taken the liberty to direct the serjeant who has them in charge to take your Orders respecting them.  In case you should have departed from Princeton and the secretary of War, I have addressed them to the Minister of France.  I am my Dear Sir Your Most Obedient and most humble Servt

                     H. Knox


Title: From George Washington to Anne-César, chevalier de La Luzerne, 6 November 1783
From: Washington, George
To: La Luzerne, Anne-César, chevalier de

                     Sir
                     Rocky hill 6th Novr 1783

                  Lieutenant Colonel Villefranche and Major Rochefontaine, late of the Corps of Engineers, having quitted the service of the United States, and being about to return to France, have requested me to signify to your Excellency my opinion of their services in this Country.
                  The Zeal, Activity, and knowledge of their profession, which have been conspicuous in the conduct of these Gentlemen, could not but gain my entire approbation, and the pleasure of doing them this justice, is greatly increased by the opportunity it affords me of repeating to your Excellency the sincere respect and attachment with which I have the honor to be Sir Your Excellency’s Most Obedient and Most humble Servant

                     Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from de Bays, 7 November 1783
From: Bays, de
To: Washington, George

                        Monsieur
                        à Nuits en Bourgogne le 9eme 7. 1783.

                     Votre magnaminité, votre désintéressement, vos Services inappreçiables pour les Etats Unis, vos talents civils, politiques et guerriers, ont accèvé le grand desire de la reconnoissance universelle de la Souveraineté de votre patrie.  vous quitter le  du commandement de l’armée, le gouvernail de létat en vous réduisant parfois au Seul titre de Citoyen, décoré de celui de Docteur en lois que l’université vous a Conféré, recompence Simple et proportionée a la modestie et noblesse du Sujet, et Comme Camile et Comme Quintius Cincinnatus, tiré de la Campagne pour sauver la patrie du danger: vous retourner à votre farmë, quand cette même patrie est florissante: vous allez la diriger par des loix politiques, que vous faut la rendre juste  Monsieur, tant de vénération, que je vous prie de vouloir bien accueiller, que je vous présente un Cadeau d’un panier de meilleur vin de Bourgogne, que je peux recueiller dans mes campagnes; ce Sera pour célébrer la paix universelle Signée le 3. de ce mois entre les Etats Unis et l’Angleterre et entre cette  puissance la france, et l’Espagne; je desire qu’il trouve pour vous du Nectar, que  a prolonger des jours si precieux et Si illustres; comme francais et ameriquain, comme amis comme alliés,  doivent  ètre communes.  je Suis avec autant de venération que de respect Monsieur votre très obéissant Serviteur

                        De Bays

                        avocat en Parlement et ancien

                        Subdelégué a Nuits Sur Beau

                        en Bourgogne

                        P.S.  Je Suis bien Curieux de Savoir le nom de la ville que vous occuper.  vous pouvez consulter les pag. 703. 706.   Encyclopied.  je peux parle avec

                  TranslationSir,Nuits in Burgandy Nov 7. 1783
                     Your magnanimity, your disinterestedness— your exertions for the U.S.— your talents civil political & Military has finally obtained the acknowledgement of the sovreignty of your Country—  you now give up the command of the Army—the Rudder of the state & retire with only the title of Citizen adorned with the addition of Doctor of Laws which the Universities have conferred on you, a Recompence simple and proportioned to the Modesty & nobleness of the subject & like Camillus & Quintius Cincinnatus drawn from the Field to save the Country from danger you return to your farm & when this same Country is flourishing you dictate Laws which will make it just—in fine you have inspired me with so much veneration that I beg you to accept of a hamper of the best Burgundy I can collect from my Lands to celebrate the universal peace signed the 3rd of this month between the US. and England & between England & France and Spain—I hope the Wine may prove Nectar that it may tend to prolong your days so precious & so illustrious—as frenchmen & as Americans—as friends as allies—this should be our common Wish—With profound veneration &c. I am

                        De Bays
                        Advocate in Parliament &
                        former Subdelegat at
                        Nuits in Burgundy

                        I am curious to know the name of the City you live in.


Title: To George Washington from William Jackson, 7 November 1783
From: Jackson, William
To: Washington, George

                     Philadelphia Novemr 7th 1783

                  I am honored, my dear General, with your very flattering, and highly esteemed letter, enclosing one for the Marquis de la Fayette, and another for Doctor Franklin.
                  Words will not do justice to my sense of the favor, which your goodness has conferred—An earnest endeavor to merit the opinion you have been pleased to express—and the grateful sentiments of an obliged mind are the best returns and acknowledgements which I can make.  I am, with the most respectful attachment, and veneration Your Excellency’s obliged and devoted servant

                     W. Jackson


Title: From George Washington to Frederick Frelinghuysen, 7 November 1783
From: Washington, George
To: Frelinghuysen, Frederick

                     Gentlemen
                      7th Novr 1783

                  I thank you for the polite attention you pay to me in your address and for the affectionate anxiety you Express for my happiness.
                  With a heart deeply impressed by the happy issue of a long and painfull contest I most cordially participate with you in the general Joy and Earnestly join my wishes with yours for the future properity and happiness of our Country.
                  The repeated proofs of unabated valour and perserverance which I have been witness to in the Officers and Militia of the County of Somerset demand from me the acknowledgements which, for the last time, I have now the honor of making you,and as your Zeal in the field and in the service of your Country cannot fail to Endear you to your fellow Citizens It is with much pleasure that in taking my final leave of you I can with the purest sincerity add this last testimony in your favor.
                  I now bid you Gentlemen a long farewell in the fullest confidence that Men can who have so bravely defended their Country—will likewise in their peaceable Retirements contribute their best endeavours to confirm and perpetuate that happy Union of the States and its Citizens which under Providence has so visibly been the means of our deliverance and Independance.


Title: From George Washington to Benjamin Lincoln, 8 November 1783
From: Washington, George
To: Lincoln, Benjamin

                     Sir
                     Rocky hill 8 Nov. 83

                  I am favored with your Letter of yesterday respecting Mr Taulman of the Sappers & Miners.
                  I am not able to give any possitive opinion whether or not that Gentleman is entitled to the Commission he sollicits—the very small number of Men in the Corps renderd it not necessary to fill any Vacancies in the Officers—his claim therefore, must rest on what has been the practice in the Corps in Similar cases—which I do not recollect—if promotions have been made on it in consequence of Vacancies—doubtless Mr Taulman is entitled to the same favor which has been shewn to others.
                  In consequence of your Letter to me on the Subject of the Invalids I orderd an Inspection of them—many have been discharged—with and without the Pension—there Remains those who chuse to go to West Point and some who cannot be Removed—I have to request you to give directions for procuring a passage for the former—and the latter. I have Requested Baron Steuben to provide for in the best manner he can—I enclose you my letter to the Baron—which after perusal you will please to Seal and forward.  I am &c.


Title: To George Washington from Benjamin Lincoln, 8 November 1783
From: Lincoln, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

                     Dear Sir
                     Princeton Novr 8 1783

                  I am this minute honored with the receipt of your Excellencys favor of this date.
                  I will give the necessary orders for the removal of the Invalids to West Point—The assistant Qr Master Mr Hodgden is here, who will wait on you, and I will particularly instruct him in this business.
                  One of the lads I expected would go with me to Boston has been sick and is not here & the other I mentioned a few days since to your Excellency is not arrived from General McDougal I am therefore destitute—I wish if your guard is going on that one of them least able to march might be permitted to come here this evening and go on with me in the morning as far as Newburgh.  I will call tomorrow in the forenoon & bid you farewell.  With the greatest esteem I am yours sincerely

                     B. Lincoln


Title: From George Washington to Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, Baron [von] Steuben, 8 November 1783
From: Washington, George
To: Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, Baron [von]

                     Dr Sir,
                     Rocky hill 8 Novr 1783

                  I have been favored with your two Letters, the former inclosing sundry Discharges which were signed and returned to you immediately—the latter inclosing a Certificate for Jno. Sloan which is now returned with my certificate of his being entitled to the Pension.
                  I will request Genl Lincoln to take measures for having those Invalids who are to go to West Point conveyed thither by water—this may be easily done as Vessells must be constantly going to New York from whence there are daily Opportunities to West Point—but as General Lincoln is going himself to the Eastward it may require somebody to press the Execution of any directions he may send to the War Office in Philadelphia—and as it is a matter in which humanity is interested I make no apology for requesting you my Dr Sir to take this task upon yourself.
                  With respect to those who cannot be removed, or who will ever be incapable of taking care of themselves—let me request you to make the best provision for them you can, either by making an agreement for their reception into the Hospital or any other way you may think best—such of them as are entitled to the pension may have their Certificates signed as I pass Philadelphia.
                  The Men who go by Water to West point should go in charge of some Officer to procure a passage for them from New York.
                  I expected to have had the pleasure of your Company on my Journey to West point but the sudden adjournment of Congress before the time they had fixed on, hastens me and prevents my giving you timely Notice of my departure—as I have been detained these two days by the Quarter Master—and do not set out ’till tomorrow morning.


Title: To George Washington from John Mauritius Goetschius, 10 November 1783
From: Goetschius, John Mauritius
To: Washington, George

                     May it please your Excellency
                     Hackinsack 10th Novr 1783.

                  The Officers of the Battalion of Militia of the County of Bergen beg leave to congratulate your Excellency on the conclusion of an arduous and important War, and the reestablishment of the Blessings of Peace.
                  Actuated by the principles of Virtue and of Patriotism your Excellency undertook the difficult Task of conducting the operations of the Field against a Powerful and enraged Enemy, and the Success with which it has pleased God to bless your Measures together with the self applauding consciousness, which a rectitude of Conduct cannot fail to inspire must certainly yield you inexpressible satisfaction and render your self enjoyment compleat.
                  Having ourselves experienced in a small degree the fatigues of a Military Life we are the more sensible of the pleasure your Excellency must feel in relief from the tumults of War and a return to the enjoyments of private Life and we ardently wish your Excellency in your retirement as great a degree of Happiness as this Life will admitt.  by order in behalf of the Officers of the Battalion

                     J. Maurtius Goetschius
                     Major


Title: From George Washington to John Mauritius Goetschius, 10 November 1783
From: Washington, George
To: Goetschius, John Mauritius

                     Gentn

                        10 November 1783

                  I participate most sincerely in the joy you express at the conclusion of the War, and the re-establishment of the blessings of Peace.
                  Persuaded of the rectitude of our cause, and relying on the divine aid for its success, I accepted an ardious employment, the event has justified my most enlarged expectation; and if to the conciousness of having attempted faithfully to discharge my duty, I may add the approbation of my Fellow Citizens, my happiness will be compleat.
                  To you, Gentn, who have experienced in no small degree the Fatigues of a Military life, I must return these my last public thanks for the chearful and able assistance you have often afforded me.  May you, as a reward of your virtuous conduct, enjoy the uninterupted fruits of that Independence which has been procured at the hazard of our Lives.

                     Go. W.


Title: To George Washington from Peter Zabriskie, 10 November 1783
From: Zabriskie, Peter
To: Washington, George

                     May it please your Excellency.
                     Hackinsack Novr 10th 1783

                  We the Minister Elders and Deacons of the two United Dutch reformed Churches of Hackinsack and Schuralenburg together with the Inhabitants of the Town of Hackinsack beg Leave to approach your Excellency with our warmest Congratulations on the happy Conclusion of a War carried on under your Auspices, and on the very promising Prospects opening to this Extensive Country by a glorious Peace principally to be attributed under the Guidance of Heaven to the Intrepidity Firmness and wise Conduct your Excellency has displayed throughout the whole Period of your Command.
                  Placed in a Situation in the highest Degree obnoxious to the Arts and Aims of the Enemy during the Continuance of the War we are the more exquisitely sensible of the Blessings of Peace, and are in consequence impressed with the more lively Sentiments of Gratitude to the great Instrument employed by Divine Providence for our Deliverance.  The Interests of Religion and of civil Policy in our Case conspire to render our Satisfaction in this great Event more compleat, and to rivet the Virtues of your Excellency more strongly on our Hearts.
                  Posterity will have an Opportunity of viewing a Degree of Magnaminity in the Manner of your Excellency’s retiring from your Public Employments, superior to the greatest Examples of Antiquity, which adds Luster to your other Virtues, and which tho’ expected by Americans, who have long experienced the Operation of the same Principle in your past Conduct, would have been considered as a Paradox by preceeding Ages.
                  The Sweets of Retirement will receive a Double Relish to your Excellency from the high Approbation of the Citizens of this extensive Empire, and from the unembittered Applauses of your own Heart.
                  Our warmest Wishes will accompany your Excellency to the Seat of your Retirement, and our ardent and unceasing Prayers will be offered at the Throne of Grace, that nothing may ever occur to disturb your domestic Enjoyments, that in every Circumstance of your private Life you may be as happy, as in your Publick Station you have been conspicuous, and that after enjoying a long and dignified Life, you may be finally crowned with neverending Felicity above.  By Order & on behalf of the Inhabitants of the Town of Hackensack

                     Peter Zabriskie
                     Peter Wilson
                     Adam Boyd

                     By Order of the Consistory of the two United Congregations of Hackensack & Schralenburg

                     D. Romeyn P. T. Pres:

                     & Pastor Locis


Title: From George Washington to Peter Zabriskie, 10 November 1783
From: Washington, George
To: Zabriskie, Peter

                     Gentn

                        10 November 1783

                  Your affectionate congratulations on the happy conclusion of the War, and the glorious prospect now opening to this extensive Country, cannot but be extremely satisfactory to me.
                  Having shared in common, the hardships and dangers of the War with my virtuous Fellow Citizens in the Field, as well as with those who on the Lines have been immediately exposed to the Arts and Arms of the Enemy, I feel the most lively sentiments of gratitude to that divine Providence which has graciously interposed for the protection of our Civil & Religious Liberties.
                  In retireing from the Field of Contest to the sweets of private life, I claim no merit, but if in that retirement my most earnest wishes & prayers can be of any avail, nothing will exceed the prosperity of our common Country, and the temporal & spiritual Felicity of those who are represented in your Address.

                     Go. Wn.


Title: To George Washington from Philip John Schuyler, 10 November 1783
From: Schuyler, Philip John
To: Washington, George

                     Dear Sir
                     Saratoga November 10th 1783

                  Your letter to Governor Haldimand I forwarded by a british officer, Captain harrow; who was sent with dispatches by Sir Guy Carleton he left this yesterday morning, I shall transmit the Answer by the first Conveyance after it comes to hand.
                  I am advised that the british have constructed barracks sufficient for four hundred men opposite to Niagara in addition to those there occupied by their ranging corps during the war is there not some danger, that on receipt of the definative treaty, they may evacuate the Fort at Niagara and expose it to distruction by the indians?  perhaps a request to General Haldimand to retain possession until the Garrison can be relieved by one of ours may prevent the event which I apprehend.
                  I very sincerely congratulate you on the final close of the war, I wish my satisfaction on this event was not diminished, by that apparent spirit of injustice which seems to pervade too many of the states, in regard to that gallant, suffering persevering band to whom under your direction and the Auspices of heaven we are indebted for our emancipation from the tyranny which we experienced.  I can at lest in part reallize your feelings on the occasion and honestly depricate measures which rob you of a moments happiness—I am Dear Sir with unfeigned affection, regard & respect Your Excellency’s Obedient servant

                     Ph: Schuyler


Title: To George Washington from Michael Gabriel Houdin, 11 November 1783
From: Houdin, Michael Gabriel
To: Washington, George

                  his Excellency Général WashingtonWest pt Novbr 11th 1783
                  I, michael Gabriel Houdin Captain 2d Regt of Masstt’s take the liberty to Beg of your Excellency, to be So Kind as to pay a little attention to the address Wich I have the honour to Present.
                  My peculiar’s Circumstances together With my Services in America, Will perhapp’s induce your Excellency, to assiste, or Reather honourate me With your advice in My Critical Situation.
                  Lately Deprived of part of my father’s family, by death and all My interest’s By Misfortune, your Excellency has Been pleased on My Request to Grant Me a furlough to Philadelphia, in order that I Should Apply to the french Ambassador, and ask his Assistance on that fatal Event, it Was entirely out his power to help Me, My Voiage therefore was in Vain; but Since your Excellency has Subdued our Common enemy, expelled them Also from this Country, My Sinerest Wishes for your Excellency’s Well fare, also the Safety of the Country are Compleated, and Nothing please’s me So much as to think that I have had the honour MySelf to perform Seven years of Duty Under a General Who has Acquered an immortal Glory, and Who’s Character (no Doubt) is, or Shall be as Conspicuous as Any on the Globe;  and Nothing remain’s for me to do, then to repair to my Native Country, as Soon as my entire Settlement for My Services in America Will be Compleated, provided that your Excellency, and the Honourable the Congress Will Consent to my Departure, and Shoul’d that be the Cas, I may, perhapp’s, Get Cognizance yet of the Situation of My Distressed affairs.  happy, if it Was in My power at My arrival to alleviate them.  I do not Wish, at the Same Time to leave the Service, for My Substancial living Depend’s entirely Upon it, Since My ruine.
                  Unacquainted As I am With the Anglish language, I have Great Reason to think that this address Will be reather tedious Reading to your Excellency, and I shall take it as a Great honour, and the Most particular favour, if Your Excellency would Grant me a few moment’s to express verbally My Wishes in My present Situation.  I am With the most profound respect your Excellency Most obedient, and most humble Servant

                     Ml Gl Houdin


Title: To George Washington from Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, 11 November 1783
From: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de
To: Washington, George

                     My dear General
                     Paris November the 11th 1783

                  However scarce are American letters, yet as the eyes of the world Are fixed upon you, I Now and then Hear what Becomes of My dear General—Your Visit to Congress, Your Stay with the Army Untill the Treaty Arrives, Your Having Been Voted a Statue, are Events Which Are known to Every one, and felt By me, So that What To Europe is an information, To me proves to Be a Cause for the Most tender Emotions—But Now, My dear General, that You Are Enjoying the Sweets of rRtirement, I Hope Your Absent Friend will Be Some what Benefited By it, and Your Letters Cannot But Be More Numerous than it was possible To Have them in Your Busy times—the Convenience of those packets is peculiarly precious to Me, and I Earnestly Beg You will Every time Enable me to Bless the opportunity.
                  The Gazette I Have to present, My dear General, is not Very interesting—Ottoman disputes Appear for a While to Be at an End—Russia will keep what She Has got—The Emperor Stands Ready, But will not Move for the present—As To the Turks, lucky they are Not to be Attacked, for their Armies Cut a Bad figure—the king of prussia is quarrelling with Dantzick that He May Have an Opportunity to take Hold of that City—Spain Has made a Ridiculous Bombardement of Alger, for which Every Body, and the Algerians too Have Laughed at Her—France is Exerting Herself to preserve Good Harmony in the East ward, and for the Present Count de Vergennes Seems to Have Well Succeeded—As to England, She is much Engaged in Disputes With Ireland, and Very jealous of the Irish Volonteer Assossiation.
                  M. d’ormesson the French financier is out of place, and in lieu of Him a M. de Calenne Has Been Named—The queen was lately pregnant, But Has Had a Miscarriage—Such are the present News at the Court of France.
                  My last letter from America is dated August the 20th—The place of Residence for Congress Had not Been Yet fixed Upon—I Hope, My dear General, Your letter to the States will Have a Good Effect—The More I think of it, the More I Examine European Notions, the Better Am I Convinced that American Glory, Consequence, Wealth, and liberty depend Upon a tight well framed Foederal Union—At the Same time, it is to Be Hoped our Virtous Army will not Meet with Ungratefull proceedings—Every Honest Breast, Unless Greatly Misled, must Be Shocked at the Ideal.  I am Very Impatient to Hear what Has Been done—In the Mean while, I am Collecting the Opinions of Every American Merchant Within My Reach—And My Exertions are bBent Upon Representing What May Be Most Advantageous in Mercantile Regulations—for tho’ One Cannot Hope for a Compleat Success, Yet it pleases one to think that Some Good Measures May Be influenced By a proper Representation—This Government are well disposed to America, and it is far from Being the Case with the Ministers of Great Britain.
                  Mr Jay, Mr Adams, and Mr Laurens are in England—Many English Gentlemen Have Been Flocking To Paris, Some of them Eminent Characters—and By Some I Have Been told that it was Reported in England I Would Be Sent With the definitive Ratification—a Rumour for which I Cannot Account.
                  I am waiting for Letters from You, for orders from Congress—It is Also the Case with the Commissioners—Untill dispatches Arrive, We Cannot Know our fate—But Nothing in the World Can prevent My Going in a little time—As You know what Has Been writen To Me, You Can Better judge What I will do—But it is At Least Certain I shall in a few Months Embrace My dear General, Spend with Him the Spring and Summer, and Most Earnestly Entreat Him to let me Accompagny Him to france Where His presence will Excite the Most Enthusiastic and Affectionate transport—Don’t be Angry with me, Madam, for you Must Come too, take along the Young Girls, and then all will Be perfectly Right.
                  Oh that I were at Mount Vernon, By the Side of My dear General, Reminding Him of His past labours, and their Glorious Happy Conclusion!  It Melts My Heart, only To think of it—I feel Uneasy—and What I want I know to Be a Voyage to the free, the Beloved Shores of our America—Mde de Lafayette, My three Children are presented to You with the Most Tender Homage to Yourself and Mrs Washington—Your George is in perfect Health.
                  My Best Respects, My Most tender Compliments wait Upon Mrs Washington—Be so kind, my dear general, to Remember me to the Inhabitants of Mount Vernon—to George—to the family of Hdqrs—to all my friends—Adieu, adieu, my dear general, it is not without Emotion that I present you with the Affectionate Respects of Yr obe. hbe Sert

                     Lafayette


Title: To George Washington from Jonathan Lawrence, Jr., 11 November 1783
From: Lawrence, Jonathan, Jr.
To: Washington, George

                     Sir,
                     November 11th 1783

                  When I look around me and View the smiles of Content on the Countenances of the Officers of the Army who receive so Generous a Compensation for their Services and Compare their Good fortune to mine of Unsuccessfull, I feel every Remorse, mine has been one of the most Unfortunate, first a total Loss of Property by the Ravages of the Enemy, second the Sacrifice of a Strong Constitution, lost by a Seven Years Servitude so far that I am apprehensive I never shall be blest with any tollerable degree of health, and Obliged at the Expiration of the War on Account thereof to Resign my Commission, rather than by leave of absence to put it in the power of my Brother officers to charge me with being Remiss in attention to the duties of my Company, His Excellency the Secretary at War has been pleasd on hearing of my disagreeable Situation of his own Accord to lay them before the Committee of Congress to have me if possible placed in a Situation with the Rest of the Army, could I be so happy as to have Your Excellency to honour me so far as also to Interest Yourself in my behalf.  I must then be assured of Success, which would enable me to do some small Business with Reputation, when at present no prospect opens, but that which fills me with pain, I lodged a Certificate with You from the Chief Surgeon at West Point declaring my Situation to be Inadequate to Service, which possibly may be of some avail, As You are soon about to leave the Busy Scenes of Public Station, let me entreat Your Excellencys Attention to my Situation, and have the pleasure of being Indebted to You for my future Success in life which should I be so fortunate as to receive the Commutation through Your means will place me in business.  I have the Honor to Subscribe myself Your Most Obedient Servant

                     J. Lawrence Junr


Title: To George Washington from Guy Carleton, 12 November 1783
From: Carleton, Guy
To: Washington, George

                     Sir,
                     New York 12th November 1783.

                  The preparations for withdrawing His Majesty’s Troops from this place are so far advanced, that, unless some untoward accident should intervene, I hope it may be accomplished some days before the end of the present month; in all events, I propose to relinquish the Posts at Kings Bridge, and as far as McGowan’s pass inclusive on this Island, on the 21st Instant; to resign the possession of Herricks and Hampstead, with all to the Eastward on Long Island, on the same day; and, if possible, to give up this City, with Brooklyn, on the day following; and Paulus Hook, Denyces, and Staten Island, as soon after as may be practicable.  Your Excellency, however, will see the necessity of my making a reserve respecting the City of New York, that if any of our Ships should happen to want repairs, after the Town is evacuated, we shall still have a free and uninterrupted use of the Ship Yard, under the direction of such Officer as the Admiral shall appoint, as long as it may be requisite for that purpose.
                  Major Beckwith, my eldest Aid de Camp, who has the honor to be the Bearer of this letter, will communicate such other particulars as may be necessary for your Excellency’s further information.  I am, Sir, Your Excellency’s most obedient and most humble servant

                     Guy Carleton


Title: To George Washington from Joseph Carleton, 12 November 1783
From: Carleton, Joseph
To: Washington, George

                     Sir
                     War. Office November 12th 1783

                  Having no late Returns from the Army under your Excellencys immediate command, and being called upon by the Superintendant of Finance to furnish an estimate of this months Subsistence: I am to request that your Excellency will be pleased to communicate to me any Arrangements which have been made, in pursuance of the Act of Congress of the 26th September last.  I have the Honor to be with the highest respect Yr Excellencys Most Obed. Hble Svt

                     Jos: Carleton Secy


Title: To George Washington from Charles Thomson, 13 November 1783
From: Thomson, Charles
To: Washington, George

                     Sir
                     Secretary’s Office November 13th 1783.

                  I have the honor to inform your Excellency that on the first monday in this month the United States in Congress Assembled proceeded by ballot to the election of a PresidentWhen—The Honorable Thomas Mifflin, was elected. Next day they adjourned Congress to meet at Annapolis in the State of Maryland on the 26th of the present Month. I am with perfect Respect Your Excellency’s most obedient And most humble Servt

                     Chas Thomson


Title: From George Washington to Guy Carleton, 14 November 1783
From: Washington, George
To: Carleton, Guy

                     Sir,
                     West Point Novr 14th 1783

                  I had the honor, Yesterday, to receive by Majr Beckwith your Excellencys favor of the 12th—To day, I will see the Governor of this State, and make concert with him the necessary arrangements for taking Possession of the City of New York & other Posts mentioned in your letter at the times therein specified—for the information of which you will please to accept my thanks.  I have the honor to be Sir Yr Most Obt & Most H. Servt

                     G. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Mathew McConnell, 14 November 1783
From: McConnell, Mathew
To: Washington, George

                     Sir,
                     Philada 14th Novr 1783

                  We have taken the liberty to present a Petition to the Honble the United States in Congress praying relief as wounded Officers retiring from the Corps of Invalids, and have delivered it to Major General Baron Steuben, requesting that after communicating the same to your Excellency he would forward it with such recommendation in its behalf as he might think proper.
                  All the other Officers of the Corps who were at this post (but one) have agreed to go to West Point, which we in our present circumstances could not accept of, hoping that Congress would not wish to confine us to a particular Garrison when we had no troops to command.
                  If your Excellency should be of the oppinion that we with other wounded Officers of the Army are intitled to somthing more than the commutation of five years pay, we intreat you will give the petition such countenance as in your wisdom shall be best approved.
                  We were informed by the Secretary at War several months ago that Congress were about determining on somthing to be done for the wounded Officers throughout the Army, which he said would apply to us of course, but have not heard whether any thing has been agreed upon.  We have the honour to be, with great respect, Sir, your Excellency’s most obedient and most humble Servants,

                     Mathew McConnell Captain
                     W. Honeyman Lt


Title: To George Washington from Joseph Pettingill, 14 November 1783
From: Pettingill, Joseph
To: Washington, George

                      May it please your Excellency.W. point. 14th Novr 1783

                  I Was by your Excellency’s Command, Station’d in Boston, a Receiver of Continental Troops, raised by the Massachusetts state, from the 28th day of May 81. untill the 1st day of April 1782.  And a Muster Master from the 14th day of May 1782, ’till the 27th day of July following.  Whole Time Twelve Months and thirteen days, During my service in that Expensive Town I have not Received any Consideration—And declare on honor that I was under the Necessity of Disposing of all my State Securities, at a very low Value, up to the year 1781. 6s/8d on a pound only. to Support me while in that service—As it has been a Custom to make Consideration to all Officers doing duty out of the line of the Army, imboldens me to make this declaration—And pray that Your Excellency would be pleased to take my Case into Your Wise consideration, and grant me a Warrant for Such Compensation as your Excellency may Judge Just. I have the honor to be your Excellencys most Obedient Humble Servant

                     J. Pettengill Majr
                     1st M. Regt


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 15 November 1783
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

                     Sir
                     West Point 15th Novr 1783

                  By this Express, your Excellency will receive the requests of the Pay Master and Quarter Master, Generals, for the Loan of One thousand Dollars each, to enable them to supply the present necessities of the Army—if the terms of their proposals are agreeable, I should be very happy in your Excellency’s compliance with their requests.  I have the honor to be Your Excellency’s Most Obedt Servant

                     Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Alexander McDougall, 15 November 1783
From: McDougall, Alexander,Knox, Henry,Pickering, Timothy
To: Washington, George

                     West Point, 15 November 1783.

                  We, the Officers of the part of the Army remaining on the banks of the Hudson, have received Your Excellency’s serious and farewel address to the Armies of the United States.  We beg your acceptance of our unfeigned thanks for the communication, and your affectionate assurances of inviolable attatchment and friendship.  If your attempts to ensure to the Armies the just, the promised rewards of their long, severe and dangerous services have failed of success, we believe it has arisen from causes not in Your Excellency’s power to controul.  With extreme regret do we reflect on the occasion which called for such endeavors.  But while we thank Your Excellency for these exertions in favor of the troops you have so successfully commanded, we pray it may be believed, that in this sentiment our own particular interests have but a secondary place; and that even the ultimate ingratitude of the people (were that possible) would not shake the patriotism of those who suffer by it.  Still with pleasing wonder and with grateful joy shall we contemplate the glorious conclusion of our labors.  To that merit in the revolution which, under the auspices of Heaven, the Armies have displayed, posterity will do justice; and the sons will blush whose fathers were their foes.  Most gladly would we cast a veil on every act which sullies the reputation of our Country—never should the page of history be stained with its dishonor—even from our memories should the idea be erased.  We lament the opposition to those salutary measures which the wisdom of the union has planned; measures which alone can recover and fix on a permanent basis the credit of the States; measures which are essential to the justice, the honor and interest of the nation.  While she was giving the noblest proofs of magnanimity, with conscious pride we saw her growing fame; and regardless of present sufferings, we looked forward to the end of our toils and dangers, to brighter scenes in prospect.  There we beheld the Genius of our country dignified by sovereignty and independence, supported by justice, and adorned with every liberal virtue.  There we saw patient Husbandry fearless extend her cultured fields, and animated Commerce spread her sails to every wind.  There we beheld fair Science lift her head, with all the Arts attending in her train.  There, blessed with Freedom, we saw the Human Mind expand, and throwing aside the restraints which confined it to the narrow bounds of Country, it embraced the World.  Such were our fond hopes, and with such delightful prospects did they present us.  Nor are we disappointed.  Those animating prospects are now changed and changed to realities, and actively to have contributed to their production is our pride, our glory.  But Justice alone can give them stability.  In that Justice we still believe.  Still we hope that the prejudices of the misinformed will be removed, and the arts of false and selfish popularity, addressed to the feelings of avarice, defeated: or in the worst event the world, we hope, will make the first distinction:  We trust the disingenuousness of a few will not sully the reputation, the honor and dignity of the great and respectable majority of the States.
                  We are happy in the opportunity just presented of congratulating Your Excellency on the certain conclusion of the definitive treaty of peace.  Relieved at length from long suspense, our warmest wish is to return to the bosom of our Country, to resume the character of citizens; and it will be our highest ambition to become useful ones.  To Your Excellency this great event must be peculiarly pleasing: for while at the head of her Armies, urged by patriot virtues and magnanimity, you persevered, under the pressure of every possible difficulty and disappointment, in the pursuit of the great objects of the war—the freedom and safety of your Country—your heart panted for the tranquil enjoyments of peace.  We cordially rejoice with you that the period of indulging them has arrived so soon.  In contemplating the blessings of liberty and independence, the rich prize of eight years hardy adventure, past sufferings will be forgotten; or if remembered, the recollection will serve to heighten the relish of present happiness.  We sincerely pray GOD this happiness may long be yours—and that when you quit the stage of human life, you may receive from the Unerring Judge the rewards of valor exerted to save the oppressed, of patriotism and disinterested virtue.