Title: Estimate of Expenses of Quarter Master General’s Department Quarter Mastr return 1780-12, December 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

                                December 1780

                                1

                                Quartr Mastr Genl

                                Commissr

                                2

                                Assistt Do Do Do

                                Commisr

                                28

                                Depy Qr Mr Genl

                                23 on Commr the rest at 240 Dr

                                960

                                109

                                Asst Do Do Do Do

                                from 60 to 320 Dr pr M.

                                17,460

                                Auditor of Accts

                                27

                                Store keepers

                                from 50 to 160 Do Do

                                2913

                                2

                                Do Do

                                from the line

                                65

                                72

                                Clerks

                                from 40 to 250

                                7293

                                18

                                Brigade Qr Masters

                                from 15 to 25

                                280

                                9

                                Barrack Masters

                                90 to 264

                                1,134

                                1

                                Assistt Do Do

                                80

                                1

                                Supr intendt of Exps Riders

                                600

                                17

                                Expresses

                                11040

                                1

                                Supr intendt Contl propty

                                360

                                1

                                Do Do Roads

                                160

                                15

                                Do Do Horseyards

                                60 to 400

                                2,063

                                5

                                Do Do Stables

                                60 to 600

                                1000

                                2

                                Do Do Labourers

                                90 to 480

                                570

                                9

                                Do Do Woodyards

                                60 to 120

                                720

                                1

                                Do Do Board yard

                                100

                                1

                                Steward

                                60

                                84

                                Hostlers

                                30 to 180

                                6237

                                2

                                Ditto from the line

                                45

                                40

                                Labourers hired

                                45 to 480

                                4689

                                18

                                Ditto from the line

                                30 to 38 1/2

                                218

                                23

                                Porters hired

                                60 to 120

                                580

                                5

                                Ditchers Do

                                22

                                Cooks hired

                                6 2/3 to 75

                                683

                                2

                                Clerks of Stables

                                60 to 120

                                     180

                                     59,490

                                1

                                Comy Genl of Forage

                                Commisr

                                1

                                Assistt Do Do

                                Commisr

                                25

                                Depty Comy Genls

                                19 on Comr 6 a 240Dr

                                1440

                                128

                                Asst Do Do

                                from 160 to 260 Dr

                                19,660

                                20

                                Clerks

                                90 to 400

                                3063

                                108

                                Forage Masters

                                90 to 160

                                10360

                                30

                                hired Measurers

                                40 to 160

                                2,110

                                24

                                Do from the line

                                1,440

                                4

                                Collectors

                                a 90

                                360

                                20

                                Weighers & Stackers

                                133 1/3 to 150

                                     2,900

                                41,333

                                Brought over.

                                4

                                Superintendants

                                from 470 to 1080 pr M

                                2612

                                27

                                Captns

                                90 to 600

                                4970

                                11

                                Lieutenants

                                70 to 75

                                705

                                59

                                Foremen Inlisted

                                40 to 770

                                12200

                                6

                                taken from the line

                                38 1/2

                                231

                                3

                                Clerks

                                50 to 60

                                160

                                719

                                Men Inlisted

                                10 to 480

                                141148

                                159

                                Do taken from the line

                                10 to 120

                                5434

                                94

                                Do hired

                                60 to 750

                                     12185

                                    179645

                                1

                                Waggon Mastr Genl

                                11

                                Dy Do Do Do

                                from 120 to 160

                                1360

                                108

                                Waggon Mastrs Inlistd

                                80 to 160

                                10030

                                3

                                Do taken from the line

                                142

                                21

                                Do hired

                                90

                                1890

                                256

                                Waggoners Inlisted

                                26 2/3 to 90

                                13780

                                104

                                Do taken from the line

                                10 to 30

                                2076

                                272

                                hired Do

                                53 1/3 to 133 1/3

                                4973

                                34

                                Pack horse Mastr hired

                                150 to 250

                                5120

                                2

                                Do Do Men hired

                                120

                                31200

                                3

                                Teams employed

                                8

                                    72371

                                8

                                Superintendants

                                from 90 to 330

                                2014

                                1

                                Assistant

                                298

                                13

                                Vessels employed

                                26 2/3 to 86 2/3

                                21000

                                1

                                Foreman

                                274

                                10

                                Masters of Vessels

                                120 to 140

                                1280

                                5

                                Mates of Ditto

                                106 2/3 to 210

                                636

                                218

                                Boat Men from the line &ca

                                48 to 240

                                    29252

                                Water Transportation

                                54754

                                Waggon Department

                                72371

                                Artificers

                                179645

                                Qr Mastr General

                                     59,490

                                Monthly pay in Drs

                                     407,593

                        Note, The above is exclusive of the Wages of the Waggon Mr General, & some other
                            Officers & the Comrs drawn by the Qr Mr Genl, two assistants, & 23 Deputies—& the Commissions of
                            the Forage Mr Genl—one assistant & 19 Deputies, upon all the Money wch passes thro’ their hands.


Title: To George Washington from Israel Angell, 1 January 1781
From: Angell, Israel
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Johnston State Rhode Island 1st Jany 1781

                        On the arrival of the New Arrangement of the army Sent me by Major Thayer Applied to Colo. Greene and
                            inform’d him that I thought it Necessary to Send on a list of the Officers who tarried in Service, togeather with the
                            names of those who Retired, to your Excellency as Soon as possible, (as he Inclin’d to take the Regt) but he Said he
                            thought there was no necessity of being in a hurry about the matter, and as the time is now Come when by a Resolution of
                            Congress the troops Should have been in the field, and knowing that there has ben no Arrangement as yet Sent to your
                            Excellency, has Induced me to write, in order to Exculpat my Self from blame, as I think it ought to have been done a
                            month before this, but being a Supernumery did not Conceive it to be my duty to interfere in the matter further than I
                            did.
                        I Expect to Come to the Army in a few days and bring Some money for the Rhode Island Line from the State,
                            Settle my public Accts and retire, though I Should have ben happy in Serving my country to the Eind of
                            the war, had I liv’d to Seen that day, if my Services had ben necessary, as I Entered it in the earlist period, However I
                            Shall Ever Stand ready to assist in the defence of my Country to the best of my Capacity And risk of my life. I am with
                            Sentiments of Esteem your Excellencys most Obedient, and most Humble Servt

                            Israel Angell


Title: To George Washington from William Heath, 1 January 1781
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            Garrison West Point Jany 1st 1781

                        The last evening I was honored with yours of yesterday, the rank of the Massachusett’s regiments, I am
                            inform’d has been altercated, and the mode of decission not fully determined—The Question has been whether the regiments
                            shall retain their former rank, or be numbered anew, and take rank conformable to the rank of the Officers who are now to
                            command them.The Ten Regiments are commanded by the several Colonels and Lt Colonel Commandants as specifyed on the
                            enclosed List—as soon as I can obtain the List of the Field Officers & rank of the Connecticutt Regiments, will
                            forward them.
                        Yesterday Lt Edes of the Guard Boats deliverd the articles enumerated on the enclosed Inventory, which were
                            left in his hands by Colonel Humphries Lt Edes informs me, that there was a report below, that the Party were made
                            Prisoners on York Island—that it was said the party consisted, of a Colonel, Captain, Two Subalterns, Two voluntiers
                            & twenty four men; if this account be true, the whole were made Prisoners.
                        Enclosed are the returns of the Officers belonging to Colonel Livingston & Spencers
                            regiments—Enclosed is also a letter I received from Lt Colonel Hull, which does honor to Capn Pritchard.
                        about 8 oClock the last evening I received another Express from Lt Colonel Hull, dated at half past one
                            oClock P.M., giveing an account, that he had just received intelligence from Captain Pritchard, that the Enemy were again
                            out about 100 Infantry & 50 horse, who were advancing towards him, Lt Colonel Hull was marching with his Main body
                            to support Captain Pritchard, and had sent off an Express to the Commanding Officer of the New Hampshire Line, which has
                            been held in the most perfect readiness, to march on the shortest notice; so that we may every moment expect to hear
                            something interesting from that Quarter.
                        The new regiments will this day form conformable to orders—with Compliments of the Season—I have the honor to
                            be with the greatest respect Your Excellencys Most Obedt Servant

                            W. Heath

                     Enclosure

                                    c.1 January 1781

                            List of the Names of Officers Commanding the Regiments in the Massachusetts Line
                            1 Greaton
                            2 Shepard
                            3 Putnam
                            4 M. Jackson
                            5 H. Jackson
                            6 Vose
                            7 Tupper
                            8 Sprout
                            9 Brooks
                            10 Smith


Title: From George Washington to Timothy Pickering, 1 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Pickering, Timothy

                            To the Quarter Master General
                            Sir
                             1 January 1781

                        The tranquility of winter quarters and the important change about to take place in our military establishment
                            offer a favourable opportunity to introduce system and order into the Army: and to effect a reformation of the abuses,
                            which may have imperceptably crept into the several departments—That our circumstances require parsimony in the
                            distribution of public stores, and the strictest attention to their preservation when delivered is too obvious to need
                            proof—I shall only observe, that all the support I can give to the accomplishment of these purposes shall be afforded,
                            from duty & inclination, to the utmost of my power.
                        With a view to these objects I am to desire you will without loss of time, closely inspect the administration
                            of the different branches of your department—to discover where they are susceptible of alterations for the better—to
                            detect and rectify any mismanagement or disorder which may exist, and to establish more method than has been hitherto
                            praciticable in an Army always fluctuating and too constantly in motion. By consulting with some of the most judicious
                            officers, who are properly impressed with the necessity of oeconomy, you may derive lights, which will enable you to
                            regulate the issues of Camp equipage and other Articles, so as to prevent a great part of the waste and loss, sustained by
                            the public, from carelessness in the soldiery, sometimes knavery under specious colourings, and from inattention in
                            Officers.
                        In the British service the different species of camp-necessaries as well as clothing, are issued to last for
                            determinate periods, and only the clearest evidence of their being lost in action or by unavoidable accident can exempt
                            the Corps or the individual to whom they have been delivered, from paying for them by stoppages. Regulations of the same
                            kind obtain in other services.
                        Regimental tools, and all sorts of public property are distributed and accounted for in like manner. The
                            sooner therefore you can digest a plan for placing this matter in our army upon a similar footing, the better—The public
                            has a right to expect it, and it is my wish justice may be done to the public.
                        It is unnecessary, I am persuaded for me to add, that this is the season for making the requisite provision
                            of tents—camp kettles and other articles for the next campaign—preparing boats and Waggons &c. Congress by their
                            resolution of the 3rd and 21st of last october have fixed the number of continental troops: but allowance should be made in
                            your arrangments, for the occasional aid of militia and other casualties.
                        Among the many things that demand your particular attention & regulation, I know of none, that on a
                            superficial view seems to do it more than the corps of artificers. In general, though they receive high wages, as far as
                            they have come under my observation they appear to work little; and the officers to have forgotten the end of their
                            appointment and to have assumed the appearances and pretensions of officers of the line instead of accommodating themselves
                            to the spirit of their stations. This disposition ought to be discouraged. Every proper check should also be given to
                            their manner of drawing provision, by confining as far as it can be done, the right of giving orders for the several
                            detachments to a common head. Given at Head Quarters New Windsor January 1st 1781Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 1 January 1781
From: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Newport January 1st 1781

                        Your Excellency’s Letter of the 23d instant, I received Last night, I received Likewise one from Governor
                            Trumbull to which I made the answer of which I send you here a copy. I wish that the 2d Division may be numerous enough to
                            oblige us to extend as far as Newhaven. Mr Meyers, nephew of Mr Gerard is gone on the 26th with the Duplicates of our
                            Dispatches, I hope he will have got clear. Major Gibbs is arrived here yesterday in good health, and I will endeavour to
                            Contribute to make his stay here as agreable as possible I need not tell to your Excellency that I expect news from France
                            with great impatience and that I’ll forward them to you with all possible speed. I am with respect Your Excellency’s Most
                            obedient and most humble servant

                            le cte de rochambeau

                            I beg of you to forward the inclosed box and papers to the Ch. de La Luzerne, it is for the
                                Philanthropic society for the recovery of the Drowned persons, in Philadelphy.

                     Enclosure

                                Copy of a Letter from General Rochambeau to Governor Trumbull of Connecticut
                                Sir
                                Newport January 1. 1781

                            your Excellency’s Letters of the 29. and 30. Last, I received this morning. I have not been able to go
                                myself to new-haven but I had sent there one in whom I could trust. The Place would be exceeding fine for Troops and
                                certainly we shall make use of it in the spring, and when the operations will begin it will very likely be one of our
                                best and principal marts, which is a reason for not draining it in this moment.
                            I own to your Excellency that I have the greatest repugnancy for the winter quarter, to put there a
                                regiment of two  I make it a constant rule in war as well as in morality
                                never to tempt the Devil, and If I were in Clinton’s place I would have a great hankering to fall upon a corps that
                                would be with so much difficulty succoured, by its distance from the rest of the Troops and the difficulty of the
                                Ferrys upon the river of Connecticut. I would Like much better, (if your Excellency and the Council find that
                                New-London, the 3. Norwich and Windham are too much troubled by the Troops,) that they were put towards Hadham and
                                Middletown, any where in short that your Excellency chuses, between The Thames and Connecticut rivers. These are the
                                military reasons that ought to guide the winter quartering of Troops, and I beg of your Excellency to consider them,
                                in case of the arrival of the second Division, this season.
                            As to the supplies proposed by public contract by the 4. N.E. and N.Y. states, I am ready to Listen to
                                all the propositions that will be made. I wish to have the honor of observing to your Excellency that ’till now, I
                                have been extremely satisfied with Colonel Wadsworth, who has our principal confidance that the
                                formalities and the Delays unavoidable in the administration of the States, have wherewith to make me fear for an army
                                whose needs are always urgent, that the Example of what have I had here by the Different troops during the campaign,
                                from the states of Boston and rhode island is not encouraging, because I have been obliged five or
                                six times to send them provisions that they were in want of, several times. However your Excellency may be persuaded
                                that We will Listen, the Admiral and I to all the proposals that will be made, from the great
                                desire, we have to agree to all that can be beneficial to the common cause. I have the &a


Title: To George Washington from John Stark, 1 January 1781
From: Stark, John
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Peeks kill Hollow 1st Jany 1781

                        I have been Honored with your letter of the 31st Ult. together with the enclosed Resolution of Congress. If
                            my health permits, I shall endeavour to pursue my journey by the last of this week; but my finances are entirely
                            exhausted, neither do I know where they can be replenished, unless by application to your Excellency: I believe
                                five Thousand dollars may answer my purpose, if you can grant me that Sum, it will be considered as
                            an infinite obligation. I beg your Excellency will consider, that I have not Drawn a single farthing of Cash (as wages)
                            from the Public, since the last of Decr 1778, and only four thousand Dollars on account since that time; therefore, as my
                            demands have not been great, and my present necessity very urgent, I flatter myself your Excellency will furnish me with
                            the Cash.
                        As to the term of my absence, it is a matter of Indifference with me, whether your Excellency, or Congress
                            limits it; but either way, I shall return as soon as my health will permit.
                        Wishing your Excellency a happy new year, and an agreeable winter, I have the Honor to be with much respect
                            & esteem Your Excellency’s most Ob. & very Hu. St

                            John Stark


Title: To George Washington from Peter Van Rensselaer, 1 January 1781
From: Van Rensselaer, Peter
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Albany 1 Jany 1781

                        The Inclosed is my Return for the month of December since my last monthly Return. I have the honour to be
                            most Respectfully Your Excellencies Most Obedient Servant

                            P. Van Rensselaer
                            Public Storekeeper


Title: From George Washington to Benjamin Whitcomb, 1 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Whitcomb, Benjamin

                            sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 1st Jany 1781

                        The Honble the Congress having by their Resolves of the 3d and 21st of October ordered the reduction of the
                            several independent Corps of the Army among which yours is included—and directed that the officers belonging to them
                            should retire upon half pay for life and the Non Commd & privates be delivered over to the State Lines to which
                            they respectively belong—you will, in obedience thereto, upon your return immediately cause the new Commd officers and
                            privates to be marched to the Cantonment of the troops of New Hampshire near Peekskill under the care of an officer and
                            there deliver such as belong to that Line to the officer commanding it, taking his Receipt for the number delivered—There
                            being but one Man belonging to Massachusetts—you will order him to be delivered to the officer commanding that line at
                            West point—You will make an exact return of the names and Ranks of the officers of the Corps at present in service, and
                            commissioned by Congress that it may be transmitted to the Board of War.


Title: General Orders, 2 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                            Head Quarters New Windsor Tuesday January 2d 1781
                            Parole.
                            Countersigns.

                        At a General Court Martial held by order of the Honorable the Board of war at Philadelphia the 13th of
                            November last Colonel Febiger President Lieutenant Abraham Wood of the invalid regiment was tried for His conduct
                            unbecoming an officer and a Gentleman by keeping a tippling house and shuffle board and entertaining Soldiers.
                        The Court after maturely considering the Charges exhibited against Lieutenant Wood and the Evidences are of
                            opinion that Lieutenant Wood has been guilty of Conduct unbecoming the Character of an Officer and Gentleman being a
                            breach of part of the 21st Article 14th Section of the Articles of war and do sentence him to be discharged from the
                            service of the United States and his Commission to be revoked and cancelled accordingly.
                        The Commander in Chief Approves the sentence and orders it carried into execution.


Title: To George Washington from James Duane, 2 January 1781
From: Duane, James
To: Washington, George

                            My dear General
                            Philad. 2d January 1781.

                        I receivd with infinite pleasure your very friendly favour by Lt Col. Smith. I shall have occasion to give
                            you some Information on passages of it which you ought to know but I have already trespassed on my Health to assist our
                            new Minister. I have just got rid of a Violent Inflamation in my Throat and find myself at an extinguished fire an hour
                            after midnight. The provision you wished is made for Col. Smith and I am happy on his Account. I wish I knew what to do
                            for Col. Willet. An officer of his Gallantry and Zeal for the Service ought not to be mortified with a Retirement.
                        Young Pierce wants the office of paymaster General. I know his merit but will the Appointment be agreeable to
                            your Excellency. to speak plainly is he supposd to possess a dignity of Character suitable to the Office? Sir Henry
                            Clintons movements & Retardments Embarkations and Debarkations keep our Southern friends here in a constant
                            fever—If General Greene had with him a small regular force & coud operate before a Junction between the
                            Reinforcement & Cornwallis advanced body, this insolent little Tyrant woud repent his Rashness. Tho’ he is
                            rejoicing at his safe Arrival at Charles Town I will never venture so far from home again, his whole force which I verily
                                believe does not at his three posts exceed 2000 men including the shattered Corpse of Tarleton,
                            must have been broken to pieces. Leslie I fear will come up in Time to reanimate them. Adieu my dear Children And believe
                            me with the Warmest affection Esteem & Attachment Your most obedient & most faithful Friend &
                            Servant

                            Jas Duane


Title: Estimate of Expenses of the National Debt, 2 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                                2-3 January 1781

                        Amount of the Natil Debt.
                        Noml Dollars Value in Specie1st Due on Loan Office certificates to the 20th of Novr 1780}60,263,458—11,396,203Of this Sum 7,342,275. Dollars draw Intert on Bills of Excha: on France}

                        2d There is due the greatest part of the 200,000,000 of Dollars issued on Paper Bills of Credit. The whole
                            ought to be redeemed by a Monthly 15,000,000 Tax, required by Congress the 18th of March & to be fixed in at 40
                            for one by the 1st of April next—10,000,000 to be issued on New Bills at par with Silver (in lieu of the 200,000,000)
                            payable with interest at 6 pr Ct—Each state to find its quota on solid security & to sink its share of principle
                            and Interest by annual Taxes so that 4/10th of the New emissions to be paid into the Continental Treasury and 6/10th for
                            the use of the Governments of the respective States. At present then consider the Money of the emissions of 200,000,000 of
                            Dollars as creating a debt of 10,000,000 of Specie Dollars.
                        3d There is a stirling debt contracted on Bills of exchange drawn on Holland Spain & France to the
                            amount up to Octr 1780 of £295048.12.6 Sterling.
                        4 If the Taxes demanded should be anticipated by Qr Mrs & Commissaries certificates for supplies to
                            the Army in the year 1780, which is pretended, tho’ I state it hypothetically—Then there will be due from the Public on
                            those certificates in Specie value a further debt of 2,358,604 Specie dollars. The grounds of this last computation are
                            conjectural and do not deserve entire credit but there are no materials to arrive at greater certainty.
                        5 The Supplies of Cloathing Artillery Arms & ammunition by France & Spain—and the commercial
                            transactions form another capitol article of National Debt which I have not Materials at hand to ascertain.
                        6 The Pay and Subsistance due to the Army is very considerable & nearly a Million of Spanish Dollars.
                            Besides debts due on the Staff & civil list to a large amount.
                        Expens. of the War from Jany 1781 to Jany 1782.
                        Value Specie DollrEstimate of Provisions required from the States by a Tax in kind}4,357,012A Tax on the several States in Specie to be laid out for Forage estimatd at}  1.642,988The Expence of the Qr Mastrs departmt estimated on Generl principles}5,000,000Pay & Subsistence of the New Army for one year estimated accurately at}5.114,89730/90 Specie Dollars16,114,89730/90Cloathing, Arms Ammunition and other Supplies—pr estimate, and they are to be procured from France & Spain £353.088 2s.7d. Sterg besides Medicine}N.B. Spain has promised a Supply of CloathingRaising the New Army for the War must prove a vast additional expence to the People. Data is wanted to fix it with tolerable precision. At a moderate estimate every regular will receive a  bounty of 100 Specie Dollars: on 20,000 Men it will amount to in Specie Dollars2,000,000

                        Ways and Means for defraying the Expences of the War for the Year 1781.
                        The last Campaign having been carried on chiefly by the Certificates of the Qr Mrs & Commissaries for
                            supplies, the Taxes of that year must necessarily be applied to satisfy those Certificates. In other Words the
                            Certificates must be received for the Taxes—and no money being in the treasury we must look forward to the productions of
                            the year 1781.
                           specie Dollrs1st Then the Tax of specific supplies and the Tax for Forage amount to}6,000,0002d If the plan of the 18th of March succeeds we shall draw from it into the Treasury  }4,000,0003 The People by draft or contn will answer the bounty to the regulars}2,000,0004. Dependence on a foreign loan for 25. Million of Livres eql in specie dollrs}5,000,0005 The produce of domestic loans is uncertn6 So is that of an Impost in Trade  if the States will agree to it}7 In the same mannr every othr plan of finance unattempted admits of no certn conn}For extraneous exclusive of  Cloathg & the expended from add  as much as will make the whole 20,000,000}

                        Upon the whole it is clear from these hasty hints that whatever may be the success of our own exertions the
                            loan of 25,000,000 of Livres in Europe is indispensably necessary; for a brilliant Campaign.

                        Pay of the Army pr Month
                        Cavalry—The number of Officers &  privates in a legion are 450 of wch 360 are privs. their pay & subsiste each Legion}5348.7 1/3 Armands & Lees Partisan Corps Officers & privates in each 388 of which there are 300 privates—each}4723.7 ½Artillery.Four Regimts—total of each 645 of which 316 are Matrosses; pay & Subsiste of each pr month}8097.77/90Infantry. 50 Regimts including Hazens— the number of Officers & privates in each 717 of which 576 are prives the pay & Subse of each}   6251.30/90Invalids. one Regiment—Officers & prives 375—prives 291 pay &ca  }3407Artificers.one Regiment 517 Officrs  and Privates 369 privates}6012.47/90Mareschausse. Pay & Subsistence of the General and Staff Officers including those of the Hospital Qr Masters & Comys departmt}41,335.30/90N.B. Commandr in Chief no Pay—but Exps.Comg Officrs of Southn army—pr M.900Ditto of West pt & Dependencies14 Majr Generals each 160 Drs pr M.22 Brigr Generals Do 125 Do

                        Provisions to be delivered by the respectiveStates for the year 1781.
                        Barrls of Beef  60,000Barrls of Pork  35,000Barrls of Flour 120,000Gallns of Rum299,999Bushl of Salt  40,001Hundred Weight of fresh Beef on the foot }141,625.

                        The foregoing taken from Mr Duane’s estimates &ca furnished Colo. Jno Laurens 2d & 3d Jany
                            1781.

                            G. Washington


Title: From George Washington to Mordecai Gist, 2 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Gist, Mordecai

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 2d Jany 1781.

                        I am pleased to hear, by yours of the 15th ulto, that the Legislature of your State are making spirited
                            exertions and preparations against the next Campaign. This seems to be the prevailing disposition, but I fear the means
                            which have been generally adopted, for procuring Men, will not answer. Where there is an alternative of Money or Men, the
                            former will be preferred by the Classes, as being least troublesome.
                        Mrs Washington informs me, that when she passed thro’ Baltimore, you were at a loss to know how to apply the
                            Shirts purchased by the subscription of the Ladies. I wonder at that, as I had, sometime before, written to Mrs Governor
                            Lee, and desired that they might all be sent to the southern Army. My letter, I presume, had not then
                            reached her, or she had not communicated my intentions to those you have the care of them. I am Dear
                            Sir Your most obt and hble Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Christopher Greene, 2 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Christopher

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 2d Jany 1781.

                        The diminution of our force, by the discharge of the Levies, obliges me to call in all continental
                            detachments of the Army not absolutely necessary, at remote posts — You will therefore immediately, upon the receipt of
                            this, march with your Regiment, and any new Recruits which may have joined, to that part of the Army which lays in the
                            neighbourhood of Peekskill, and with which you will be brigaded. You will leave behind a Captain—two Subs and, a suitable
                            number of non Commissioned officers to receive and forward the Recruits. You will apply to the State and let them know
                            that the Continental Store is at present destitute of Cloathing, and that there will be a necessity of their cloathing the
                            Recruits before they come on to the Army — let this be done, in your proper Uniform, that they may not differ from that of
                            the Regiment when they join. I have informed Count Rochambeau that I have given you orders to come on. I am &c.


Title: To George Washington from Udny Hay, 2 January 1781
From: Hay, Udny
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Poughkiepse 2nd Jany 1781

                        Anxious about the supplies of the Army, and certain they must be nearly if not altogether destitute of flour,
                            and seeing the river this morning nearly clear of ice, I have sent up the river to hurry to the landings all the flour or
                            even wheat that the different assistants possibly can, and have taken the liberty to desire them if possible to hire
                            vessells and even insure them against damages from the ice if they could not be prevaild on to risque their vessells on
                            other terms, this was stepping out of my own line of Duty perhaps, but I hope the very precarious State of the River, and
                            the necessity of getting an immediate supply down will justify the measure in the opinion of your Excellency, I have
                            however for fear no vessells should be there wrote pressingly to Major  at Fish Kill to forward
                            some up the River with the utmost dispatch.
                        Permitt me to mention to your Excellency that batteaux at this season of the year would perhaps be more
                            convenient than vessells, if hands can be spared for manning them, as, should the weather change suddenly they can be
                            hauld ashore without risque if your Excellency thinks proper to send any be so good as give orders for the officer to call
                            here, that I may have an opportunity of giving him information at what particular landings he will be able to obtain
                            loads. I have the honour to be with every sentement of respect, Your Excellencys, most obedt & very humble
                                Sert

                            Udny Hay


Title: To George Washington from William Heath, 2 January 1781
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            Garrison West Point Jany 2d 1781

                        I was the last evening honored with Yours of yesterday. I had given orders, the day before to the Guards at
                            the Ferry, at the water Battery, at Swims’s, & at Kings Ferry not to allow any Boats to pass up, or down the river
                            between Tattoo & Revillee.
                        I am happy to hear Colonel Humphries, the Officers, and men who were with him have safely returned. I have
                            releived Lt Edes with a Lt White, the former succeeds to a Captaincy. If Captain Welles is to continue in the command of
                            the Guard Boats with his Company, I think it will be unnecessary, for Lt White, to remain with his Detachment. If Captain
                            Welles was only sent down for a particular purpose & is to return, Lt White must remain. Shall be happy in knowing
                            your Excellencys pleasure.
                        Enclosed is a letter I received this morning from Lt Colonel Hull. By his Vigilance, precaution &
                            good conduct, I hope the Inhabitants will receive protection, the Enemy be disappointed in their attempts &
                            desires. I have the honor to be With the greatest respect Your Excellencys Most Obedient Servant

                            W. Heath

                            P.S. I am informed that a Capt. Chambers of late Colonel Nixons regiment, has been for some time
                                stationed at Springfield for the purpose of forwarding Recruits—is his Stay longer necessary at that place, or shall
                                he join his regiment, from which he has been long absent. W.H.

                     Enclosure

                                Dear Genl
                                Pines Bridge Jany 1st 1781.

                            I have this Moment returned from near Tom Wrights Mills, where I took a Possition last Evening for the
                                Purpose of being in a Situation to intercept the Enemy in Case they continued their Designs of driving the Cattle from
                                Bedford and its Neighbourhood—On my Arrival to this Ground, I found the Enemy had advanced from the Head of Kings
                                Street towards the Mills, but finding the Troops & Millitia in that Quarter were in Motion to oppose them,
                                they made a hasty Retreat to the Sawpitts, and this Morning were still continuing their Retreat without effecting
                                their Purposes.
                            Finding myself at such a Distance, and my Detachment destitute of Provisions, I thought propper to march
                                and take my former Position—On my Arrival to the Bridge, Major West had just arrived with a Hundred Men from the
                                Newhamshire & Rode Island Lines, with Orders to reinforce me in Case the Enemy had not retired—Circumstanced
                                as Affairs were, I advised him to return with his Detachment to their Cantonements, and they are now on their March—As
                                soon as my Troops have drawn & cooked their Provisions, I shall put them in the most perfect readiness to
                                move, as it is probable the Enemy will continue their Excursions as long as the Weather is so favourable.
                            My Intelligence from below is that the Fleet sailed a Number of Days past, and that eight or nine
                                Regiments were on Board—I do not give this as very sure Intelligence, as the Enemys being out, has interrupted the
                                Plans which I had conceivd for the Purpose, and prevented my obtaining the News Papers—Hope in a
                                few days, to Obtain more sure Intelligence, and be able to send the late Papers.
                            I shall send the Returns of Men destitute of Shoes as soon as it can be made out—It would have been sent
                                before this had it not been for the Movement—We are in great Want of Ammunition—I am Dear Genl With the highest
                                Respect Your most Obedt Servt

                                Wm Hull


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 2 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 2d Jany 1781

                        I have been honored with your Excellency’s favor of the 21st ulto, in which Congress have been pleased to
                            refer, the propriety of granting Genl Starkes request to them, to me. His Health is undoubtedly so much impaired, that he
                            has been able to do but very little duty the preceding Campaign, and retirement, for a time, seems therefore necessary.
                            Congress will either direct his return to the Army at a certain period, or they will leave it at large, as they may judge
                            proper.
                        I beg leave to call the attention of Congress to my letter of the 28th Novemr last from
                            Morris Town, in which I mentioned Colo. Scammells desire to quit the Office of Adjutant General. I had not, at that time,
                            his letter on the subject with me. I now inclose a Copy of it, in which his reasons for wishing to return to the line are
                            fully set forth. I find him still determined in his resolution, and I shall therefore, I hope, be excused for pressing
                            Congress to appoint a successor.
                        I have at length, thro’ a Channel on which I can depend, gained an account, as accurate as circumstances will
                            admit, of the embarkation which sailed from New York on the 20th ulto. It consisted of about sixteen hundred Men, and was
                            chiefly composed of detachments from the British—German—and provincial Corps. The Queens Rangers is said to be the only
                            intire Corps. Arnold commands, which, my informant says, gives disgust to many of the other Officers. The destination was
                            not reduced to a certainty, but from the preparations, and the Refugees who embarked in the fleet, it was generally
                            thought to be to the southward. I have the honor to be with very great Respect Your Excellency’s Most obt and hble Servt

                            Go: Washington

                            P.S. Capt. Mitchell of the Jersey line has marched with a Company to releive Colo. Butler at
                            Wyoming.


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Huntington, 2 January 1781
From: Huntington, Samuel
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Philadelphia January 2. 1781

                        Your Excellency will receive herewith enclosed, an Act of Congress of the 29th Ulto relative to the Exchange
                            of Prisoners.
                        I have also enclosed an Act of the 1st Instant, with an Extract of a Letter from the Honorable John Adams
                            Esquire of the 23d of August.
                        Your Excellency will please to observe on this Subject your Opinion is desired on the Expediency of ordering
                            the Forces of his most Christian Majesty now at New Port in Rhode Island, to take Post in Virginia.
                        From the Plan for future Operations which it is presumed you have concerted in Conjunction with the Count de
                            Rochambeau, as also many other Circumstances incident to your Station, you are best able to determine the Expediency of
                            the proposed Measure; and I need not inform you that as Congress have thought proper to make the Proposal, your Opinion
                            will give them entire Satisfaction on the Subject.
                        The enclosed resolve respecting Lt Colonel Wm Smith it is to be hoped may prove agreable to your Wishes, and
                            from his particular Circumstances create no Disatisfaction in the Army.
                        Your Excellency will note the last resolve respecting the Officers lately exchanged or now in Captivity, how
                            far it may be carried into Execution I am unable to determine. I have the Honor to be with the highest respect your
                            Excellency’s most obedient & most humble Servant

                            Sam. Huntington President

                            P.S. I have been honored with your Despatches under the 20th 22d & 27th Ulto.

                     Enclosure

                                  23 August 1780

                            Extract of a letter from the honble John Adams at Amsterdam August 23. 1780
                            "The truth is according to my information that orders are already sent out by the british cabinet to
                                prosecute the war with vigour in North Carolina and Virginia the ensuing fall winter and Spring. Genl Prevost is
                                sailed with some frigates to aid their operations on cape fear river."


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Jefferson, 2 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Jefferson, Thomas

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor Jany 2nd 1781

                        Since I had last the honor of addressing Your Excellency, the Embarkation which had been some time preparing,
                            and which had undergone several changes; has sailed from New York. The Fleet, including the Convoys consisted of thirty
                            two Sail, and left the Hook the 22nd Ulto.
                        By the best information I have been able to obtain, the Light Infantry & Grenadiers, with some other
                            Troops, which were at first under embarking Orders, were afterwards countermanded; and the Detachment finally amounted to
                            about 1600 Men, of Which Simcoe’s is the only entire Corps, that we know with certainty has embarked, the remainder is
                            said to be principally composed of Drafts from the Line—The whole under the command of Arnold, and still conjectured to be
                            destined to the Southward. I have the honor to be With sentiments of esteem Your Excellency’s Most Obed. Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Francisco Rendón, 2 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Rendón, Francisco

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor Janry 2nd 1781.

                        It was with great satisfaction I received the polite letter, which you did me the honour to write on the 26th
                            Ulto—but at the same time I sincerely condole with you the misfortune which has happened to the Spanish Fleet that was
                            destined against Pensacola: I hope however that the Transports may be reassembled without loss, and that the expedition
                            may yet prove successful.
                        On the 22nd of Decr the Fleet sailed from New York, which carried the Detachment I mentioned in my letter
                            of the 14th Ulto. The Light Infantry and Grenadiers, with some other Corps which were at first under orders of
                            embarkation, were afterwards countermanded; and consequently the number of Troops was not so great as had been reported,
                            amounting to only 1600 Men by the best intelligence we have been able to obtain—This Detachment, Instead of being
                            commanded by the Generals Knyphausen & Philips; it is said will be under the orders of Arnold, and supposed to be
                            designed as a reinforcement to the Southern Army of the Enemy. I have the honor to be


Title: To George Washington from Benjamin Stoddert, 2 January 1781
From: Stoddert, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            War Office Jany 2nd 1781

                        I have the honor to inclose an extract from the minutes of the board of this day, together with the letter
                            referred to. I have the honor to be with the highest respect yr Excellency’s most Obed. humble Servt

                            Ben. Stoddert
                            Secy

                     Enclosure

                                Sir,
                                War Office Decr 23rd 1780.

                            There are four sweedish Officers in Philadelphia, where they have lately arrived by the way of Boston
                                from Gottenburg in Quest of employment in the Service of the United States, they having no papers
                                or Documents whatever. They appear however not to be impostors but on the contrary modest in their expectations and
                                make no pretensions to military Fame in their own Country, in which they say they were only Subalterns, and they would
                                be content to serve in the same Grade in our Army. The difficulties of entering into our Service have been explained
                                to them and they represent that had they been accquainted with them, they would have remained at home. but as their
                                finances are exhausted and they cannot think of returning were it in their power to their own Country after a
                                fruitless errand, they wish to be employed if possible, they would even except of Ensigncies in the State lines. Colo.
                                Armand would take two of them as Lieutenants; previous to the Board’s taking any Official Measures for their being
                                reportd to Congress as proper to be employed it was thought but to state the matter to Congress on a General footing
                                that their sense might be obtained on the subject; that if it is not deemed proper to pass any public Act some of the
                                Honble Members in their Individual Capacity might recommend them if they pleased to their States or if it were thought
                                expedient the Board directed to report on their case. These are the first Officers from Sweden who have requested
                                employment in our Army. They say their King knew of their intentions to come to America and permitted them to resign
                                their Commissions but would not give them any public passports lest he should involve himself in Consequence. This
                                rests on their own relation and the whole is submitted to the consideration of Congress. They are on Expences here and
                                would wish as speedy an Answer as was suitable with the Engagements and opinion of Congress to give. We are
                                    &ca

                                Rd Peters
                                by ord.

                     Enclosure

                                At a board of war. Jany 2nd 1781.

                            A letter of the 23d Ulto from the board to Congress having been referred to the board of war who may
                                recommend the Officers therein mentioned to the Commander in Chief to be admitted as Volunteers in the American Army,
                                whereupon Agreed.
                            That the said Officers be recommended to His Excellency the Commander in Chief, to whom the Secretary is
                                directed to transmit a Copy of the boards letter respecting them, & also of this determination.

                                Extract from the Minutes
                                Ben. Stoddert
                                Secy


Title: To George Washington from John Sullivan, 2 January 1781
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            Philadelphia January 2d 1781

                        The only apology I can make for not answering Sooner your Excellencys favor of the 17th ulto is that I wished
                            to forward my Letter by Colo. Laurens who has been unexpectedly Delayed from Setting off for Head Quarters. Since
                            Rivingtons Publication I feel Some reluctance at venturing my Letters by the Post.
                        Your Excellencys Letter of the 27th ulto was Yesterday read in Congress & Referrd to General Varnum
                            myself & I think Colo. Bland I shall call the Committee together as Soon as I receive the papers and Endeavor to
                            have Some Rule adopted respecting promotions which will avoid the Difficulties Your Excy has been pleased to mention I
                            will Endeavor to Avail myself of Your Sentiments upon the Subject.
                        I am much mortified that I could do Nothing respecting the Jersey Line the Jealosy of the States prevented
                            any thing being done though often attempted by Mr Clerk & Myself I could not Avail Myself of Your Exceys
                            Sentiments upon the Yatter as I had no right to Communicate any part of a Confidential Letter which Your Excey had honored
                            me with—I had much Difficulty to Save Colo. Smith who I know your Exy would reluctantly part with. Mr
                            Duane was Indisposed & did not tend Congress Yesterday but a resolution for his being Continued was obtained by a
                            very great Majority a Motion was Made this Day and warmly urged for reconsideration but did not prevail So a valuable
                            officer is Saved to the Army.
                        I am not Certain but Dayton may yet be Saved by our Report on your Excys Letter of the 27th.
                        I have no news Except that the Enemy have landed under Lesley at Bald Head in North Carolina I really fear
                            much for the Southern States. I beg Yr Excy will be so oblidging as to present my most respectful
                            Compliments to Mrs Washington & that You will believe me to be Most Sincerely Dr General Your Excellys Most obedt
                            Servt

                            Jno. Sullivan


Title: To George Washington from Job Sumner, 2 January 1781
From: Sumner, Job
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Verplanks Point Jany 2d 1781

                        In Answer to your Excellency’s Letter of the 29 Ult. I can inform, that Congress by an Act of the 14th Ulto
                            were pleased to determin the Point in debate against me, in the Line of the State. that Body who gave may take away I can
                            say nomore only that I still Reprobate the Conduct of the Board, and am with perfect Esteem your Excellency’s Mo. He Obdt
                            servt

                            J. Sumner


Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 2 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan, Sr.

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor Janry 2nd 1781

                        I have the honor to inform your Excellency of the sailing of the Embarkation, which I mentioned in my Letter
                            of the 13th of December. The Fleet consisting of thirty two Sail, left the Hook on the 22nd Ulto with a Detachment of about
                            Sixteen hundred Troops on Board, under the command of Arnold. It is conjectured they are designed as a further
                            reinforcement to the Southern Army, which is said to be greatly weakened, by the severity of the service and climate. I
                            have the honor to be With great respect & esteem Your Excellency’s Most Obedient Humble Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Anthony Wayne, 2 January 1781
From: Wayne, Anthony
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            Mount Kemble 2nd Jany 1781 9. OClock. A.M.

                        The most general and unhappy mutiny suddenly took place in the Pennsa Line about 9. OClock last Night—it yet
                            subists—a great proportion of the troops with some Artillery are Marching towards Phila.
                        every exertion has been used by the Officers to Divide them in their Determination
                            to revolt—it has succeeded in a temporary manner with near one half—how long it will last God knows.
                        I have ordered the Jersey Brigade to Chatham—where the Militia are also Assembling—least the Enemy should
                            take advantage of this Alarming Crisis--Indeed the alarm Guns have been fired—& the
                                bakens kindled towards Elizabeth town—perhaps it was Occationed by our Unhappy Affair.
                        I am this moment with Colos. Butler & Stewart—taking Horse to try to halt them on their March—towards
                            Prince town, as a last resort, I am advised to collect them & move on Slowly towards Pennsa.
                        What their temper may be I can not tell—we had our escapes last night—perhaps we may be equally fortunate to
                            day. If not adieu my Dear General & believe me yours Most Affectionately

                            Anty Wayne Major

                            Capt. Billing is killed Capt. Tolbert Mortally wound, some Others are also Hurt. Major Fishbourn who
                                carries this—will be able to give your Excellency a particular Acct of the last Night’s &
                                this Mornings transaction’s—I am happy to Inform you that not an Officer was absent on this Occation—nor have any of
                                the Soldiers gone towards the Enemy their General cry is to be Discharged—& that they will again enlist
                                & fight for America a few excepted. A.W.
                            Genl Potter & Colo. Johnston who were eye Witnesses of the Whole as far as it is yet gone—go
                                express to Phila.


Title: Articles to be Purchased for George Washington, 3 January 1781
From:
To:

                            3d January 1781

                        Memm of Articles to be procured for Geo: Washington
                        2 Skeins of white Silk
                        2 Do of Buff Do
                        4 Sticks of best buff twist to suit the inclosed Cloth.
                        6 Tooth Brushes of the strongest & stiffest hair
                        2 Almanacks for the present Year
                        half a lb. of whited brown thread.


Title: To George Washington from Jacob Gerhard Diriks, 3 January 1781
From: Diriks, Jacob Gerhard
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            New Port Jany 3th 1781

                        I hope You will pardon the Liberty I take in introducing to your Excellency the Bearer Count de Rechteren
                            Lord of Limpurg, a Gentleman of me acquaintance and connected with the first families in the Provinces of Overyesel, and
                            came to this Country with the french Army as a Captain in order to have an Opportunity of displaying his Military Talents,
                            the Zeal and attachement he has for the Cause of America and his desire to serve under your Excellency; Induce me to wish
                            your Excellency would please to favor him with your recommandation to Congress, his Connections with several families of
                            Distinction and Influence in holland who have shewn strong attachements to the Interests of America, and Besides he being
                            acquainted with Baren vanderCapellen, will, I am persuaded Sufficiently recommend him to your Excellencys favorable Notice
                            and attention. I have the honor to be with the Greatest regard and Esteem, Your Excellency Most obedt & Most humb:
                            servant

                            Diriks


Title: From George Washington to William Heath, 3 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor Janry 3d 1781

                        I have received your favor of Yesterday; And as I conceive it will be necessary for the security for the
                            Posts below, & to prevent the Enemy from attempting a surprize, to have a Capts. Command for the Water Guard—I
                            would have Capt. Welles continued on that service with his Detachment.
                        In consequence of Colo. Hays information that there are considerable quantities of Flour on the River, which
                            may be brought down, while it continues open, with less risque in Batteaux than Vessels—I am to request that you will
                            Order a party properly Officered immediately to take what Boats can be spared from West Point for this service—Or in case
                            Boats cannot be furnished from thence, that the Party have Orders to make use of those at Murderer’s, or Wapping’s
                            Creeks—The critical season, and the importance of having the Flour thrown into the Garrison urge the speedy execution of
                            this business—Application will be made by the Officer, to Colo. Hay at Poughkeepsie for further instructions. I am Dear
                            Sir With great regard & esteem Your Most Obedt Servt

                            Go: Washington

                            P.S. Capt. Chambers is to be ordered to join his Regt immediately.


Title: To George Washington from Henry Latimer, 3 January 1781
From: Latimer, Henry
To: Washington, George

                            Morris Town Wednesday Evening 8 OClock January 3d 1781

                        In consequence of General Wayne (who I left this Day at 12 OClock at Vaness’s Mill) being very much engaged,
                            I have it in command from him to give your Excellency a representation of the March & Disposition of the Troops,
                            since Major Fishborne left us.
                        General Wayne, Colonels R. Butler & Stewart proceeded after the Troops yesterday, expecting to come
                            up with them before they reach’d Pluckemin, but passed stragling Parties only (who would not generally attend to any thing
                            which was said to them), untill they arrived at Van victers Bridge, where some honest Fellows advised
                            the General not to go to the main Body, as many being intoxicated & very ill disposed; this advanced guard were at
                            this Time arrived at their old Hutts, where they were all to halt for the Night—As it was Evening, the General considered
                            it most eligible not to go on to them, but request a serjant or more from each Regiment to be sent to his Quarters to
                            represent the Complaints of the soldiery—They attended accordingly, & among these the
                            serjeant whom they appointed to command—The grievances were pointed out, & Modes of redress proposed, of the
                            Justice & Propriety of which they were fully Satisfied, & returned to the Troops with a determination to
                            prepare the Minds of their Fellow soldiers to attend calmly & dispassionately to such Modes for the redress of
                            their Grievances, as the General would offer to them this Morning. It appeared they have accordingly exerted every
                            Influence they possess’d for this purpose, but to very little effect for they took up their Line of
                            march this Morning very early, not waiting for the General, in contradiction to the solicitations of the commanding
                            & other serjeants—however by the Influence of these, the Column were turned off into a Field,
                            formed a Circle, where the General & the Colonels Butler & Stewart had an opportunity of redressing them,
                            which had not the wish’d for Influence: the Majority or the most Clamorous were not to be swerved from this Design, they
                            again march’d on; those who were willing to return were directed to proceed with the refractory—supposing they might be
                            capable of convincing some of them of the propriety of the propositions offered, & the fatal tendency of
                            persisting in their present Conduct before they arrive at Princeton; where the well disposed serjeants are determined to
                            endeavour to halt them for the Night; & here the last propositions are to be made to them unconnected with
                            Arms—The General & the two Colonels are sanguine in their Expectations of effecting a Disunion among them—Colonel
                            Stewarts Regiment generally & the serjeants formerly mentioned are determined (the Colonel thinks) to proceed with
                            them no further than Princeton, the fifth & ninth appear also favorably disposed.
                        This Circumstance, the Militia of Somerset & Middlesex being ordered to assemble at Rocky Hill,
                            Colonel Freelinghausen gone to Trenton to assemble the Militia there & send off the Stores & Boats—The
                            Officers of the Line directed to arm themselves & immediately repair to Princeton, affords the general Hopes of an
                            adaquate force, with which (if no other Influence will have the effect) he is determined to attack them & by no
                            means let them proceed to Philadelphia.
                        A serjeant & twelve were ordered as a Guard for the General last Evening, in this instance &
                            others they treat the General & the other two officers with as much Complisance & respect as they can
                            consistent with their principle Design—They have between sixty & one hundred Head of Cattle, but no Flour.
                        The Enemy have not yet appeared in Jersey: The Militia of Morris & Essex are assembling at Chatham—I
                            am with respect—Your Excellency’s very Humble servant

                            Hy Latimer


Title: From David Humphreys to Timothy Pickering, 3 January 1781
From: Humphreys, David
To: Pickering, Timothy

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor Janry 3d 1781.

                        I am commanded by His Excellency to inform you that there is a considerable quantity of Flour now at
                            Ringwood, which it is of the last importance to have thrown into the Garrison of West Point, before the Roads become
                            impassable—He requests you therefore to have every means made use of for bringing it forward without a moment’s loss of
                            time, by impressing teams, or any other Mode which you think will be most effectual.
                        In the Commissary’s Return of Provisions issued at the several Posts, the General observes, that there are
                            forty Batteau-Men who draw at Fish Kill, exclusive of all the Boatmen at Fish Kill Landing—He wishes to have an
                            investigation into the matter, and that they may be employed, in the proper service for which they were designed.
                        I enclose you a Receipt for two Boats, which were left at Brunswick, and which His Excellency desires may be
                            brought to Kings Ferry without loss of time, on Carriages—There is also one Flat-bottomed Boat at the two Bridges, which
                            is to be brought on: It is his request that you will be pleased to give such Orders to your Agents, or take such other
                            measures as will not fail to have these Boats transported to Kings Ferry at as early a period as may be with convenience. I
                            have the honor to be With the most perfect respect Your Most Obedient & Very Hble Servant

                            D. Humphrys Aid De Camp


Title: From George Washington to Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 3 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 3d Jany 1781

                        I have received your Excellency’s favor of the 19th of December. Since my last, which was on the 23d of
                            December, I have gained intelligence, thro’ a channel on which I can depend, that the detachment which sailed from New
                            York the 20th of last Month consisted of about 1600 Men, and was chiefly composed of drafts from the different
                            British—German—and provincial Regiments. The Queens Rangers was the only intire Corps that I have heard of. Arnold
                            commanded the detachment. There is little doubt but they have gone to the Southward.
                        I have received a letter from Don Francisco Rendon, the Spanish Resident at Philadelphia, dated the 26th
                            Decemr, of which the following is an extract, "Yesterday arrived in this River a Vessel from the Havanna, by which I
                            received letters from the Governor and Captain General of that place, in which he acquaints me with the disagreeable
                            advice, that the Men of War, which sailed from that port against pensacola, had put back in bad condition, by the
                            Hurricane which happened the 18th October. That of the transports, 23 had arrived at Campechy with 1600 Men, and that they
                            did not as yet know what had become of the remainder of them, 41 in number. But that they were working with the greatest
                            activity to continue the Expedition; and altho’ the other against Augustine is to take place, it is probable that the
                            above accident may retard it."
                        I am anxious to know Your Excellency’s sentiments upon the plan proposed in my letter of the 15th December,
                            addressed jointly to you and the Chevr de Ternay. Should it be deemed expedient to attempt the execution of it, this delay
                            of the expedition against the Floridas, will give us the more time to make the necessary communications to the Governor of
                            the Havanna and to the Commanders of the Spanish Armament.
                        Having just now discharged all the Levies, who were only engaged to the last of December, I find myself
                            obliged to call in all detachments of the Continental Army, not absolutely necessary at remote posts. I have for that
                            reason, and because Colo. Greene’s Regt is now incorporated with the other from the same State, ordered him to join the
                            main Army. I wish Your Excellency many and happy new Years, and have the honor to be With the greatest Respect Your
                            Excellency’s Most obt and hble Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to John Stark, 3 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Stark, John

                            Dear Sir.
                            Head Quarters New Windsor Janry 3d 1781

                        I am favored with yours of the 1st Instant, and wish it was in my power to gratify you, in your request—but
                            as there is not a single farthing in the Military Chest, it will be absolutely impossible to furnish any part of the sum
                            sollicited. I am Dear Sir With very great regard Your Most Obedt Hble Servant

                            Go: Washington

                            P.S. I have not been able to obtain any Money for my own expences, or table for More than three
                            Months.


Title: From George Washington to Anthony Wayne, 3 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Wayne, Anthony

                            My dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 3d-4 January 1781

                        I this day, at Noon, recd yours of the 2d in the Morning, by Major Fishbourn, who has given me a full account
                            of the unhappy and alarming defection of the Pennsylvania line. The Officers have given convincing proofs that every thing
                            possible was done by them to check the Mutiny upon its first appearance, and it is to be regretted that some of them have
                            fallen sacrifices to their Zeal. I very much approve of the determination of yourself—Colo. Butler and Colo. Stewart to
                            keep with the troops, if they will admit of it, as, after the first transports of passion, there may be some favorable
                            intervals which may be improved. I do not know where this may find you, or in what situation. I can therefore only advise
                            what seems to me most proper at this distance and upon a consideration of all circumstances.
                        Opposition, as it did not succeed in the first instance, cannot be effectual while the Men remain together,
                            but will keep alive resentment and will tempt them to turn about and go in a body to the enemy, who by their Emissaries
                            will use every Argument and mean in their power to persuade them that it is their only Asylum, which, if they find their
                            passage stopped at the Delaware, and hear that the Jersey Militia are collecting in their rear, they may think but too
                            probable. I would therefore recommend it to you to cross the Delaware with them—draw from them what they conceive to be
                            their principal Grievances and promise to represent faithfully to Congress and to the State the substance of them and to
                            endeavour to obtain a redress. If they could be stopped at Bristol or Germantown the better—I look upon it, that if you
                            can bring them to a negociation, matters may afterwards be accommodated, but that an attempt to reduce them by force will
                            either drive them to the Enemy, or dissipate them in such a manner that they will never be recovered.
                        Major Fishbourn informs me that General Potter and Colo. Johnston had gone forward to apprise Congress of
                            this unhappy event, and to advise them to go out of the way to avoid the first burst of the Storm. It was exceedingly
                            proper to give Congress and the State notice of the Affair that they might be prepared, but the removal of Congress,
                            waving the indignity, might have a very unhappy influence. The Mutineers finding the Body, before whom they were
                            determined to lay their Grievances, fled, might take a new turn, and wreak their vengeance upon the persons and properties
                            of the Citizens, and in a town of the size of Philadelphia there are numbers who would join them in such a business. I
                            would therefore wish you, if you have time, to recall that advice, and rather recommend it to them to stay and hear
                            what propositions the Soldiers have to make.
                        Immediately upon the receipt of your letter I took measures to inform myself of the temper of the Troops in
                            this quarter, and have sent into the Country for a small Escort of Horse to come to me, and if nothing alarming appears
                            here and I hear nothing further from you, I shall, tomorrow Morning, set out towards Philadelphia by the Route of
                            Chester—Warwick. Colo. Sewards. Davenports Mill Morris Town. Somerset, Princetown,. Trenton on which you will direct any
                            dispatches for me. As I shall be exceedingly anxious to hear what turn matters have taken, or in what situation they
                            remain, you will be pleased to let me hear from you. I am with very great Regard Dear Sir Your most obt & hble
                            Servt

                            Go: Washington

                            P.S. 4th Jany 7 OClock A.M. Upon second thoughts, I am in doubt whether I shall come down, because the
                                Mutineers must have returned to their duty or the business be in the hands of Congress before I could reach you, and
                                because I am advised by such of the General Officers as I have seen not to leave this post in the present situation of
                                things—temper of the troops—and distress of the Garrison for want of Flour—Cloathing and in short every thing.


Title: To George Washington from Theodorick Bland, 4 January 1781
From: Bland, Theodorick
To: Washington, George

                            Dr Sr
                            Philadelphia Janry 4th 1781

                        Your favor with a letter enclosed for Govr Jefferson came to hand yesterday about 10 o Clock. I immediately
                            deliverd it to his Excelly the Presidt of Congress, with a request that it might be forwarded without loss of time by the
                            line of expresses establishd between this Place and Richmond, which he promised shd be done, and I hope by this means Yr
                            letter to the Govr will reach him with an expedition answerable to the importance of its Contents.
                        Mrs Bland and myself Join in the most cordial return of our best wishes for your Excellency and Mrs
                            Washington and be assured Sr that the interval which has elapsed since I last had the Honor of seeing you has not in the
                            Smallest degree abated those warm Sentiments or the Sincere esteem and affection with which I ever Shall be Yr
                            Excellency’s Most obedt & Humble Servt

                            Theok Bland


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 4 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 4th Jany 1781.

                        I am extremely sorry to acquaint your Excellency that an event of a most alarming nature, but which I have
                            long apprehended, would happen in some part of the Army has taken place in the pennsylvania line cantonned near Morris
                            town—General Wayne informs me that on the night of the 1st instant a mutiny was excited among the non Commd Officers and
                            privates—several Officers were killed and wounded in endeavouring to quell it in the first instance, but resistance was
                            soon found vain—The troops paraded with their Arms, seized the Artillery of the division, and marched off in a body
                            towards Philada declaring their resolution to proceed to that City and lay their grievances before Congress—Genl
                            Wayne—Colo. Butler and Colo. Stewart will endeavour to remain with them, to keep them from committing excesses upon the
                            Country, and in hopes that some favourable opening may be found to bring them to reason—What will be the event of this
                            affair I do not know, or whether the spirit of defection will be confined to that line. The Officers have been
                            apprehensive of something of a like nature among the troops at these posts, who have the same causes of complaint—Should
                            this unfortunately be the case, we have no resource left for the security of the posts but the Militia, who would with
                            difficulty be got in in-sufficient numbers before the enemy might take advantage of the Revolt, for I have not the least
                            doubt, but they will hope to see the same spirit prevail among the troops here as among those at Morris town and will be
                            prepared for such an event—The River is intirely open and so far favorable—Under these circumstances, I think it
                            indispensably necessary that your Excellency should be as near the posts as possible—Your influence with the Militia would
                            give a spring to their exertions, and your advice upon such an occasion would be of infinite service to me. If the session
                            can be carried on by the Lieutenant Governor, I shall be glad to see you as soon as possible. But should any favorable
                            accounts from below, or an assurance of the affections of the troops here make your presence unnecessary, I shall dispatch
                            an Express to you by the Road on the East side of the River. I imagine the foregoing will have reached Albany, but not
                            perhaps circumstantially—Your Excellency will therefore communicate so much of it as you may think expedient. I have the
                            honor to be &c.


Title: To George Washington from John Franklin, 4 January 1781
From: Franklin, John
To: Washington, George

                            General Washington
                            Philadelphia January 4th 1781

                        Thy favour of yr 28th Ult: I Recd last Evening. This Oppertunity happening So Soon that I am not So fully
                            prepared to Reply to the Contents as I wish to be. Am much Oblig’d to my Friend Pintard and happy in that my Conduct has
                            gaind the favourable Oppinon of my Suffering Countrymen who have bin in Captivety in New York. My family being Sent out
                            and now Settled in this place Renders my Returne not So desireable but being witness to the Absolute Nessessaty of an
                            Agent for Prisoners I have determind (if there is no One thought of more propper) to Accept of thy Appointment to that
                            Service but as I have (without any Other Cause that I know of than that of Rendering my Countrymen Small Services whilst
                            in Captivety on their private Account) become So Obnoxious to Sr Henry Clinton that I am Something doubtfull his admitg my
                            Returne to the Citty for that purpose which I thot Propper to mention that the Genrall might think of it before I was
                            proposd--if its Agreed too Shall hold my Self in Readeness to Attend thy Orders and am most Respectfully Thy Friend
                            &c. &c. &c.

                            John Franklin


Title: To George Washington from Edward Hand, 4 January 1781
From: Hand, Edward
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Lancaster 4th Jany 1781

                        As I omited requesting your Exy to permit one of the Gentn of your family to inform me when my presence would
                            be necessary at camp, and being uncertain as to the appointment you were pleased to propose to Congress I wrote to Col.
                            Tilghman the 18th Ultimo, liast my letter to him may have miscarried & to prevent any misapprehension, I take the
                            Liberty of Addressing you Excy entreating that I may have notice when I am wanted, & at the same time to Solicit
                            that my leave of Absence may continue as long as will be consistent with the good of the Service. I have the honor to be
                            with much respect Yr Excys most obedt Hble Servt

                            Edwd Hand


Title: From George Washington to Elisha Sheldon, 4 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Sheldon, Elisha

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor Janry 4th 1781

                        I have just received your Letter of the 27th Decr together with the Inclosures. I hope you will not find any
                            farther difficulty in supporting the Horses in their present Cantonments, and tho there should not be an immediate
                            prospect of procuring the full compliment of Horses, that you will notwithstanding use your best endeavours to recruit as
                            many able bodied Men for the War, as possible. I am Sir with great regard Your Most Obedt Servt


Title: To George Washington from William Shippen, Jr., 4 January 1781
From: Shippen, William, Jr.
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Philadelphia 4th January 1781.

                        As the congress are of opinion that the duties of the Director of the hospitals are incompatible with those
                            of the Professor of Anatomy & finding a great number of young gentlemen from different parts of America waiting
                            here for my course of Lectures—I have sent in my resignation, convinced I can be of much more use to the public, by
                            fitting young gentlemen to act as Surgeons in the army where good ones are much wanted, than by continuing Director of
                            hospitals now in so good order & containing so few sick or wounded. I flatter myself that during my Directorship I
                            have performed the duties of my station to your Excellencys approbation, have always paid a chearful obedience to your
                            commands, & made the sick and wounded of your army as comfortable & easy as the times &
                            circumstances of the war would admit. A Testimony of this from your Excellency will be very pleasing & recieved
                            wth gratitude. I have the honor to be with most sincere & earnest wishes for your health happiness & glory.
                            Your most affectionate most obedient & most humble Servt

                            W. Shippen jr

                            Mrs & Miss Shippen & Dr Lee present the compliments of the season to yourself &
                                Lady.


Title: General Orders, 5 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                             Friday January 5th 1781
                            Parole
                            Countersigns –

                        Captain Lieutenant Hubbell of the 2d regiment of artillery is appointed Paymaster to the same from the 1st
                            Instant vice Captain Lieutenant Guion who declines that appointment.


Title: From George Washington to Board of War, 5 January 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

                            Gentlemen
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 5th Jany 1781.

                        I do myself the honor to inclose you the Returns of Colo. Sheldons Regt of Cavalry agreeable to your letter
                            of the 23d Novemr last and have the honor to be with great Respect Gentn Yr most obt Servt

                        You have also the Returns of Moylans.


Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 5 January 1781
From: Clinton, George
To: Washington, George

                            Dear Sir,
                            5th Jan’y 1780 1781. 2 O’Clock P.M.

                        I have this Moment received your Excellency’s Letter of yesterday, and will do myself the Honor of waiting
                            upon you immediately. I did intend to set out for Albany the Beginning of next Week, but my Presence there can be
                            dispensed with for two Days or longer without any material Inconvenience & I shall be happy in the present
                            alarming & disagreable Situation of Affairs to render your Excellency every assistance in my Power. I am, with the
                            highest Respect & Esteem, your most Obed’t Serv’t

                            Geo. C.


Title: From Tench Tilghman to Udny Hay, 5 January 1781
From: Tilghman, Tench
To: Hay, Udny

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 5th Janry 1781

                        Immediately upon the receipt of yours of the 2d His Excellency gave directions to General Heath to send Boats
                            up the River with orders to the Officers commanding them to call upon you. I hope they will make a successful trip, as the
                            Garrison were yesterday upon half allowance of Flour and I do not know whether they have any to day—The Quarter Master
                            General had directions to promise an indemnification to the Owners of sloops who would put them out again at this
                            season—and His Excellency authorises you to do the same—The season is favorable beyond all expectation and every day of
                            open weather ought to be improved to the utmost—Be pleased to forward the inclosed to Mrs Montgomery. I am with great
                            Esteem Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt

                            T. Tilghman