Title: From George Washington to Benjamin Lincoln, 10 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Lincoln, Benjamin

                            Sir
                            Head qrs Septr the 10th 1780

                        By a Letter I have received from Sir Henry Clinton of the 4th Inst., I find that the interview which has been
                            proposed between You & General Phillips is to take place on the 19th of the Month, at Elizabeth Town. I presume
                            Sir Henry Clinton informs You of this by the Letter I now transmit; and I need not add, that it will give me the highest
                            pleasure if You can effect your exchange either for Major General Phillips or Major General de Riedesel.
                        From the prospect I had, founded on the correspondence which I had seen, that there would be a meeting
                            between You & General Phillips, on the subject of your exchange—and the earnest desire I had of extending this
                            business still farther—I was induced to inform Sir Henry Clinton by a Letter of the 26th Ulto that "I should direct our
                            Commissary of Prisoners to be present at the time, who would be instructed to execute with the Commissary on his part, if
                            he should think proper to send him, an exchange of Officers, Prisoners of War, on the footing of equal rank or
                            composition, as far as the number in our hands would admit, and to include also the whole of the Officers of Convention
                            now on parole at New York or in Europe." General Clinton has answered my Letter and informed me "His Commissary of
                            Prisoners should attend."
                        I shall accordingly order Mr Skinner our Deputy Commissary of Prisoners to be at Elizabeth Town, on the 19th
                            who will be fully instructed to carry my Propositions to Sir Henry Clinton into execution. The business as to the main
                            points will rest on the most simple footing, and such as Mr Skinner is perfectly acquainted with; He has also a familiar
                            knowledge of the few more particular cases which can arise on the occasion, as he has been long in the Office &
                            has had not only repeated instructions, but has acted upon the subject. From these considerations I will not give You any
                            trouble in the matter—more than to wish You to interest General Phillips, as far as You can with propriety, if You should
                            find it necessary, to promote & countenance the exchanges which are mutually interesting to both parties. Before
                            You set out for Elizabeth Town I will shew You the Instructions Mr Skinner will receive. I have the honor to be with great
                            regard & respect Sir Your Most Obedt Sert

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Anthony Wayne, 10 September 1780
From: Wayne, Anthony
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Camp at Steenropia 10th Sepr 1780

                        When your Excellency was pleased to lay a state of matters before the Council of War the 6th of June—the
                            prospects were extremely favorable—& we had flattering expectations from the succours promised by his most
                            Christian Majesty—as well as the exertions of these States.
                        upon this ground I did myself the honor of giving my Opinion to your Excellency in writing of what I then
                            thought the most feasible & proper point of co-operations—but the Intervention of a superior fleet to that of our
                            Allies in these sea’s—the Blockade of Brest in which port the Second Division intended for America was shut up—and the
                            tedious Operation in the West Indies—together with the Difficency of promised aid & Supplies in the United
                            States, have meterially changed the Complexion of Affair’s.
                        From a comparative view of the strength of the Armies under the Immediate Command of your
                            Excellency—& that of Sr Henry Clinton—I find the Numbers in favor of the Enemys.
                        the recent Military check we recd in South Carolina has given Lord Cornwallis a
                            decided superiority in that Countrys—at Penobscut—the Enemy appear well established—& in Canada a combined
                            Operation can not take place until an Other season.
                        could any given time be fixed for the Arrival of a Fleet either from Europe, or the West Indies—so as to
                            place our Allies in the Sovereignty of these Seas—I should not be at a loss in giving an Opinion on this Occation—but as
                            this is only eventual—I must acknowledge that I see nothing but a choice of Difficulties left to determine upon—among’
                            others that of experiencing every extreme of distress—at this stage of the Campaign for want of Provision is not the
                            least, as it would of itself be sufficient to defeat any the best plan in the power of a General to design.
                        In full confidence that supplies of every kind will be more regular in future, and on the presumption that
                            the French forces now at Rhode Island, are subject to your Excellency’s Command, I would advise you (during the Absence of
                            the British fleet) to order the Land forces to form a Junction with you the soonest possible—sending the Shipping round to
                            Boston harbour where if I am rightly Informed they may ride secure, & without being in Danger of an Attack, as
                            the Enemy dare not detatch their fleet & Operating Army to so great a Distance—whilst your Excellency remains in
                            the Vicinity of New York at the head of so puissant & Combined a force—ready to seize the first opening to enter
                            where the Enemy might be the most Vulnerable—I also am lead to this opinion on the eventual arrival of a naval &
                            perhaps land force in time to Operate with effect against that place, which will be much forwarded by these troops being
                            near the point of Action.
                        a move of this Nature will at all events leave it in Your Excellency’s power to made a Detatchment to the
                            Southward in some degree adequate to the Magnitude of the Object—& yet be in a Condition to Afford cover to the
                            Country until the Arrival of a re-inforcement from Europe or the West Indies would put it in your power to Operate either
                            in this Quarter—or at Charlestown as Circumstances might then Offer—& if we should be disappointed in this—until
                            the States have an Opportunity to recruit their army by troops enlisted for the War—properly Appointed & duly
                            rationed—which is the only measure that can save this Country from Impending ruin.
                        the Junction of these troops will also afford a favorable Opening for entering Canada by the Lake Champlain
                            during the Winter, should the Situation of Affairs render that an Advisable Object, nor will the troops of France
                            experience those Difficulties that we have been subject to—as their hard cash will always Command a redundancy of every
                            Necessary in a Country not so much exhausted with respect to supplies—as in want of faith in our paper Currency.
                        I am further stimulated to this advice by the Apparent preparation for an Embarkation of both horse &
                            foot at New York which may give the wished for opening to carry that City, whilst the attention of Sr Henry Clinton is
                            drawn to some other Quarter, on the presumption that your force will not be adequate to enterprize anything against that
                            post at this late season—and that the French will remain in their present position—nor shall I be disappointed if Admiral
                            Arbothnot with the bulk of his Fleet should favor the Operations of Sr Henry Clinton, on the same presumption—in
                            expectation of returning in time to prevent any serious Consequences taking place during a temporary absence.
                        I am fully of Opinion that without a Change of Circumstances our present force is not Adequate to act in an
                            open Offensive manner—yet by One of those eventual nice Manoeuvres—sometimes practiced we might cause the Enemy to Commit
                            themselves in some point of which advantage may be taken & pushed with
                            effect.
                        but this is an Idea yet in Embryo which when mature I shall do myself the Honor of
                            Communicating Viva Voce.
                        Upon the whole I do not think you can make any Considerable Detatchment before the Junction I have already
                            mentioned—or until the Enemy Detatch on their part, which may soon be the case, & probably by that time we may
                            have it in our power to proceed to Charles town by Water—an event Devoutly to be wished—as a march by land must Naturally
                            reduce the troops at least one third by Desertion sickness & other Casualties incident to all Armies during a long
                            & tedious route. I have the honor to be Your Excellency’s Most Obt & very Huml Sert

                            Anty Wayne


Title: General Orders, 11 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

                            Head Quarters Steenrapia Monday Septembr 11 1780
                            Parole Portsmouth
                            Countersigns Poor: Pallas
                            Watchword, Magnanimity

                        For the day Tomorrow
                        Brigadier General Glover
                        Colonel Craig
                        Lieutenant Colonel Johnston
                        Major Ball
                        Brigade Major Pettingall
                        Lieutenant Pride of the third Connecticutt regiment is Appointed Adjutant to the same from the 1st of May
                            last—vice Adjutant Hart promoted.
                        After Orders
                        Lieutenant Colonel Commandant Reid is Appointed officer of the day tomorrow vice Colonel Craig.


Title: From George Washington to Henry Clinton, 11 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, Henry

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters 11th Septemr 1780

                        I beg leave to inform your Excellency, that we are desirous of sending a small Vessel from Philadelphia to
                            Charlestown, with some articles of Cloathing and Medicine and also a quantity of Flour for the prisoners there in your
                            possession. I have to request, that you will be so obliging as to furnish, by an early opportunity, a permit for this
                            purpose, and for a safe return of the Vessel. The Vessel is a schooner called the Blazing Star, burthen about ten
                            tons—Thomas Smith sailing Master—Charles McCarthy Flag Master and two private Seamen. I have the honor to be with Respect
                            Your Excellencys Most obt and hble Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to James Clinton, 11 September 1780
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Clinton, James

                            Dr General
                            Hd Qrs Sepr 11. 1780

                        His Excellency desires you will furnish from your Brigade a subaltern for the Company of light infantry in
                            Col. Cortlands regiment commanded by Capt. Dubois to replace Lt Vermilia who from indispositon which rendered him unfit
                            for service, has been permitted to retire. Yr most Obed & hum. servant

                            A. Hamilton
                            Aide De Camp


Title: To George Washington from William Heath, 11 September 1780
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General,
                            Newport Sepr 11th 1780

                        I am just honored with yours of the 8th Instant. I am exceedingly Sorry to hear of the defeat of the Southern
                            army. I fear it will enable the Enemy to extend their conquests in that quarter, or feeling themselves secure there they
                            will withdraw a considerable part of their force to act elsewhere—either against the Army under your immediate command, or
                            embolden them to make an attempt on the French army here.
                        Admiral Arbuthnot has return’d with his fleet nearly to his old station for a day or two past has been
                            between montook-point and Gardner’s Island &ca. I have the honor to be, With the greatest respect Your
                            Excellency’s Most obedient Servant

                            W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Marshall, 11 September 1780
From: Marshall, Thomas
To: Washington, George

                            Camp Main Army Septr 11th 1780

                        By the determined resolution of Cap. Lieut. Burtlit Hinds of the 10th Massachusetts Regiment to leave the
                            service of the Army from unavoidable circumstances It is with reluctance I consent but his Bravery and good Conduct
                            Intitles him to, and constrains me to request he may have a Discharge from the Army.

                            Thomas Marshall Colo.


Title: To George Washington from John Mercereau, 11 September 1780
From: Mercereau, John
To: Washington, George

                            September. 11: 1780

                         Since Our last No Movements with the Enemy. But are Still Under Marching Orders No arivel but what youl See
                            in the papers nor nothing Else at present but what is in the papers which I Send by Mr Fitz Randolph I Shall indeavour to
                            be up att the time with Every thing Can be got by that time apointed please to Send Some Accounts from the Army here from
                            the Southerd & from the Indians Which they want to know by Sending those Accounts Over I Expect they will in trust
                            him with letters if they Do you will See them first as they have imitated Something of the kind to him, they want
                            philadelphia papers in Return for the york papers your most Obedient Servent

                            John Mercereau


Title: To George Washington from John Paterson, 11 September 1780
From: Paterson, John
To: Washington, George

                            Sr
                            Camp 11th Septr 1780

                        Our Circumstances are such that it requires a more able pen than mine to determine what is best to be done.
                        Our numbers are so few & the Situation of the Enemy so advantageous to themselves, that it puts it
                            out of our power to attack them with any probability of Success, or even effectualy to cover the Country.
                        To send a reinforcement to the Southward will weaken us too much in this quarter, & unless very large
                            will answer no purpose at present. I am in hopes that the danger they are immediately in, will be a sufficient inducement
                            for them to exert themselves for their Safety, which I am sensible they are competent to, at least to cover the Country
                            from depredation until the approaching Winter, when the French Troops, with, what can be raised in those parts, and if
                            necessary some from this Army, may probably make a successful Expedition against the Enemy at Charles town, if we gain a
                            Naval Superiority in these Seas; this I think ought to be our Object.
                        Our Situation at present I think points out to us the necessity of keeping our little Army together, in such
                            a position as to have it in our choice to fight or not, should they attempt any thing against us which I think their
                            success will prompt them to; this position ought to be such as effectually to keep open a communication between the
                            southern States and Kings ferry, where that is I am not to determine.
                        If we should not be superior at Sea this Winter, I must confess I see no Object present itself worthy our
                            attention, that lies within our reach, should we attempt Canada or Halifax, the severity of that cold inhospitable
                            climate, I am sure will loose us more Men than the conquest will be worth, taking into Consideration that they cannot be
                            held without a superior Fleet.
                        I am therefore of Opinion that we in the middle and eastern States ought this Winter to pay the strictest
                            attention to the recruiting the Army, and making every preparation for a vigorous attempt on New York early in the Spring.
                            I am with the greates respect your Excellencys msot obt humble servant

                            John Paterson


Title: To George Washington from William Phillips, 11 September 1780
From: Phillips, William
To: Washington, George

                            Sir.
                            New York Septr 11th 1780

                        I have received Your letter of the 20th of August which I should sooner have answered but that I have been
                            very unwell.
                        My Idea of the Parole for Officers of the Troops of Convention being Extended to Europe was only supposing no
                            General Exchange to take place which I, then, saw no likelihood of, nor indeed are my hopes now very flattering upon the
                            subject—If Paroles in the manner I have described are not to take place as it relates to the Officers of the Troops of
                            Convention I shall submit to Sir Henry Clinton that no more indulgencies of that kind pass on either Side, prisoners of
                            War excepted, as the Officers coming from Virginia into New York can only be attended with an idle Expence without any
                            benefit to them.
                        There certainly was nothing definitive done at Amboy respecting Parole Exchanges; My letter to you, Sir,
                            expressed so--The Officers of the Troops of Convention now here on Parole will undoubtedly abide by their Situation—It is
                            not very usual for British Officers to break their Paroles and it is impossible that I should countenance any such
                            Proceeding.
                        His Excellency General Sir Henry Clinton informs me that I am to meet Major General Lincoln at Elizabeth Town
                            on Tuesday next the 19th Instant: I am therefore to request of you, Sir, that you will send me a Permission to carry with
                            me such of my family as I may find necessary upon the occasion, and, also, that the Vessel in which I shall go may be
                            considered as under the protection of its Flag of truce on its Arrival at Elizabeth-Town, during its remaining there, and
                            on its Return. I have the honour to be, Sir, with great personal respect Your Excellency’s most obedient and most humble
                            Servant

                            W. Phillips


Title: From George Washington to Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 11 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters Bergen County 11th Septr 1780

                        I have received Your Excellency’s favor of the 6th. I have no intelligence of Admiral Arbuthnots arrival at
                            New York or at Sandy Hook—perhaps he may be standing at a greater distance from the Land than heretofore, to avoid the
                            gales of wind which may be commonly expected upon the coast at this season—I received the following from New York
                            yesterday, whether the men of War alluded to were the English Fleet or a French Squadron time must
                            determine. "Septemr 7th 1780—since writing Yesterday the Ship Admiral Arbuthnot arrived and the
                            Captain of Marines tells me they were chased all last Sunday by a Fleet of eight Sail of heavy Ships all two and three
                            deckers which they took to be the second division of the French. As soon as this news came to Town, a Ship was sent out to
                            cruise, and the Galatea will sail to day if they can get her ready, they have two hundred hands at work upon her."
                        I have accounts thro’ a variety of channels that an embarkation of Troops is preparing at New York—their
                            number and destination is not ascertained, the accounts differ materially as to the first, but they seem generally to
                            agree that they are bound for Virginia or Carolina.
                        Your Excellency may be assured of being regularly informed of every move of the Enemy, and that no pains
                            shall be spared to penetrate their designs. I have the honor to be With the truest esteem Your Excellency’s Most Obet
                            & hum. Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 11 September 1780
From: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Newport, Septer 11th 1780

                        According to your Excellency’s orders, The Admiral and I will wait for them at Hartford,
                            on the 20th instant. I keep it under the greatest secresy, as your Excellency wishes. The bad News that your Excellency
                            has received From South-Carolina affect me very sensibly. I doubt very much that Clinton should take his Troops to send
                            them to Virginy, as Long as we will be here in situation to threaten New-york and as long as they will know that Mr De
                            Guichen is on the Seas. The British fleet has been stationed these four Days past between Moutuck’s point and Fisher’s
                            Island. Yesterday it was at anchor in Gardner’s bay. There is always the same quantity of ships of the Line, but a few
                            less Frigates. That report has been successively confirmated these four Days past, and was so yet to Day, by the
                            Commanding officer at New-London who saw them Last, on the 9th.
                        I have, sir, the greatest desire to present my respects to your Excellency, and to give you Verbally fresh
                            assurances of the Veneration that I have for your Excellency. I am with respect Sir your Excellency’s most obedient, and
                            humble servant

                            le cte de Rochambeau

                            P.S. What can be become of Mr De Guichen? of the Spaniards? I certainly know nothing of it. It is most
                                true that Mr De Guichen has convoyed a fleet of Merchant-men as far as the 25th Degree, and that he had 26, or 27.
                                sail of the Line with him. he knew Likewis by an American brig. that was gone a board this ship, that we were blocked
                                up here.


Title: To George Washington from Charles-Henri d’Arsac, chevalier de Ternay, 11 September 1780
From: Ternay, Charles-Henri d’Arsac, chevalier de
To: Washington, George

                            Monsieur
                            ce 11 7bre rade de Niewport

                        jay reçu la lettre que votre excellençe ma fait lhonneur de mecrire du huit septembre je seray a hartford le
                            20 de ce mois avec Monsieur le comte de rochambeau votre voyage ainsi que le Nôtre est subordoné sans doutte aux mouvemens
                            qui pourront se faire a Newyorck comme le mien doit lestre a çeux de lescadre ennemie qui est mouillée actuellement sous
                            la pointe de lest de long island je desire bien vivement que rien ne contrarie une entrevüe qui pourra determiner les
                            operations de larrierre saison. je suis avec tout lattachement et le respect possible Monsieur votre tres humble et tres
                            obeissant serviteur

                            le chevalier du ternay


Title: To George Washington from Meshech Weare, 11 September 1780
From: Weare, Meshech
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Hampton falls Sepr 11th 1780

                        I am honor’d with the Receipt of your favor of the 27th Ulto informing the Situation of the Army in Regard to
                            Supplies, which is truely Alarming, and gives me very great Anxiety. Sensible that very large Supplies would be necessary
                            as soon as the Army was collected together, we gave direction to the person Appointed to collect the cattle for this
                            State, to proceed in collecting, and sending them forward Seasonably, it was some time after a number was Collected, before
                            that we had information, where, and to whom they were to be deliverd. As soon as that was known, he proceeded in
                            collecting and Sending forward, with as much expedition as he could, And on our receiving information from the Honble
                            Committee of Congress, of the danger there was that the Army would Suffer for want of Supplies, we gave direction to him
                            to proceed with all possible expedition in sending forward as many as he could possibly collect, And I am informd he has
                            exerted himself with great industry herein, and has lately sent forward a considerable number, But I am not Able to
                            Ascertain the number, not having had Opportunity to see him, or get perticular information, since the Receipt of your
                            excellencys letter.
                        Every exertion in our power will be used for furnishing our quota of Supplies with all expedition. Four tuns
                            of the Powder your Excellency Requested was sent off the 9th Inst. for Springfield And a quantity of Rum is now ready to
                            go forward. I have the honor to be with every Sentiment of Esteem and Respect your Excellencys Most Obt Humle Sert

                             Meshech Weare


Title: General Orders, 12 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

                            Head Quarters Steenrapia Tuesday Septemr 12. 1780
                            Parole Harford
                            Countersigns Humber, Hope.
                            Watchword Bepunctual

                        For the day Tomorrow
                        Brigadier General Patterson
                        Lieutenant Colonel Commandant  Weissenfells
                        Lieutenant Colonel Holdridge
                        Major Winslow
                        Brigade Major Rice
                        A Court of enquiry is ordered to set tomorrow morning nine ô clock in the president’s Markee at the request
                            of Colonel Angell to examine into his conduct in the action at Springfield and report their opinion thereon—Colonel Nixon
                            is appointed President—Lieutenant Colonels DeHart and Vose—Majors Reid and Grier Members—All Witnesses and Persons
                            concerned are desired to attend.
                        The General court Martial whereof Colonel Greaton is president is dissolved and another ordered to assemble
                            tomorrow morning nine ô clock at the Presidents Markee for the trial of Major Murnan and such others as shall be brought
                            before the court—All persons concerned to attend. Colonel Dayton to preside—Members Lieutenant Colonel Badlam Major
                            Leavensworth and a Captain from each brigade except the Jersey and Stark’s.
                        Brigade returns of the Serjeants drums and fifes and rank and file of the New York Connecticutt Massachusetts
                            and New Hampshire lines and of Angell’s regiment who are enlisted for the war to be transmitted to the orderly office
                            tomorrow at eleven ô clock.
                        David Hall a soldier in Colonel Stewart’s battalion of light infantry convicted at a General court martial
                            whereof colonel Cortlandt is President of "Plundering an inhabitant of money and plate" and being condemned to death is to
                            be executed at half past four ô clock this afternoon.
                        Fifty men properly officered from each brigade in the army to attend the execution.
                        It has been much the General’s desire to prevent enormities of this kind which are as repugnant to the
                            principles of the cause in which we are engaged as oppresive to the inhabitants and subversive of that order and
                            discipline which must Characterize every well regulated army.
                        The General again exhorts officers of every rank to pay the closest attention to the conduct of their men and
                            to use the utmost precaution to prevent the soldiers from rambling and committing such outrages, the subject of daily
                            complaint and representation to him; it is highly incumbent on them to do this to prevent the consequences which will
                            follow as he is determined to shew no favor to Soldiers who are convicted of these pernicious and disgraceful offences.
                        Part of the Effects of the late Brigadier General Poor among which are several suits of Cloaths, a genteel
                            small sword, sash, Epaulétts, and many other articles will be vendued at Lieutenant Colonel Dearborn’s Marquee in the New
                            Hampshire brigade tomorrow morning ten ô clock.
                        After Orders
                        The army will parade tomorrow morning eight ô clock by brigades on their respective brigade parades—The
                            General wishes the line to be as full as possible—The new Guards will remain in the Line ’till the review is over—The
                            Light corps will parade at ten ô clock.


Title: To George Washington from Benedict Arnold, 12 September 1780
From: Arnold, Benedict
To: Washington, George

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters Robinson’s House Sept. 12th 1780

                        Last Night I had the Honor to receive Your Excellencies Favor of Yesterday inclosing a Copy of a Council of
                            War held the 6th.
                        I will endeavour agreeable to Your Excellency’s request, to transmit my Opinion on the Matters submitted by
                            the Time required: I sincerely wish the Situation of our Affairs would admit my giving it with more Decission than I am
                            able to do at present.
                        The Order contained in the Postcript of Your Excellency’s Letter of the 7th to send the Eight Bargemen of
                            Colo. Putnam’s regiment to join their regiment, I conceive to be on a supposition of their being idle at West Point; I beg
                            Leave to observe, that they are now employed as my Bargemen; That all the Militia Oarsmen had previous to the receipt of
                            the Order been draughted & sent to different Commands, at Kings ferry and elsewhere, so that it is out of my Power
                            to procure a proper Crew for my Barge—For which reasons I have thought proper to detain them, until I receive Your
                            Excellency’s further Orders on the subject. I take the Liberty of inclosing Extract of a Letter from Colo. Hay of the 9th
                            respecting Flour &ca. I sincerely wish he may succeed in his Endeavours to procure Flour (of which I am very
                            doubtful) in the Quantities he has requested; As I believe the requisition larger than, (when all others are answered,)
                            the State can comply with.
                        About thirty Batteaumen mentioned in Colo. Hays Letter, were sent down with Captn Denny to Kings ferry: As in
                            Case of an Evacuation of those Posts, Colo. Livingstons Garrison with the Troops sent down will be sufficient to mann the
                            Batteaus. I think it will be best to order the Batteaumen to be sent to Fish Kill.
                        Your Excellency’s Genl Orders of the 28th & 30th ult. from the Adjutant General, were received last
                            Evening & published in my Orders of this Day. I have the Honor to be with the highest Sentiments of reguard
                            & Esteem Your Excellency’s Affectionate & Obed. Hble Servt

                            B. Arnold

                     Enclosure

                                Dear Genl
                                Paughkeepsie 9th September 1780

                            I have given the strictest Orders to the Purchasers of Hay to receive none but what is really
                                merchantable; We must be extremely saving of that Article, as there has been no Year since the War began in which so
                                great a General Scarcity thereof has prevailed; at least in this State, it should I think be strongly inforced on the
                                Quarter Master General to procure as large Supplies both of short Forage & Hay from Connecticut, as their own
                                Wants will inable them to grant.
                            I have taken the Liberty of laying before the Legislature, now Sitting here, Hints of sundry Laws
                                necessary to be inacted for the Benefit of both Quarter Masters & Commissary’s Departments, My Letters on
                                these Subjects have been committed, & will I hope have some Good Effects, Amongst others Matters I have
                                endeavoured to propose a Mode for Obtaining forty thousand Barrels of Flour above the Quota demanded by Congress,
                                without distressing the Inhabitants.
                            As the Batteaumen sent down by your Orders serve as Waggoners, & are the only fatigue Men we
                                have, I must request You to send them back as soon as they can be conveniently spared.
                            I am there for on my Way to the New Hampshire Grants, in Hopes of inducing the Good Peoples there, on the
                                Credit of the Continent, to furnish me with a Quantity both of Cattle & Grain. The task I know is arduous
                                & shall therefore not be surprized if I am disappointed in my Expectations. I am &ca

                        (Copy) Udny Hay


Title: To George Washington from Ephraim Blaine, 12 September 1780
From: Blaine, Ephraim
To: Washington, George

                            Please Your Excellency
                            Philada 12th Septemr 1780

                        I have laid the wants of your Army before Congress and pointed out the uncertainty of State Supplies and
                            assured them without the most peremptory demand upon the States for a speedy and full compliance with their requisition
                            & the most vigourous Exertions of the States in executing the Army cannot be fed, and from the repeated want of
                            Supplies I had not the least hope of being able to lay up one Barrel of Salt Provisions—they have appointed a Committee of
                            six Members to confer with me upon ways and means to remove the present wants and guard against future—the Members are
                            Genl Sullivan, Mr Samuel Adams, General Cornel, Genl Scott, Colonel Bland and Mr Jones, they shew a disposition of doing
                            every thing in their power to feed the Army—I have inform’d them, it was Your Excellencies Orders to me (exclusive of the
                            prest Supplies of the Army) to make immediate preparations for laying up Magazines of twelve thousand Barrels of Salt Beef
                            and Sixteen thousand barrels of Flour—the places of deposit, Albany, Clavarack, Newborrough, Pitts Town, Easton, &
                            Philadelphia, and to use every possible Exertion to have this Business executed before the severity of the Winter sets in,
                            in Order to prevent the distresses your Army experienced last Winter and Spring for want of Provisions—to shew them the
                            necessity for adopting immediate measures to enable me to comply with your Order I have laid before them an Estimate of
                            the Expence of transportg the Salt to the places of deposit, making of Barrels & the number of Cattle necessary to
                            comply with your Excellencies Requisition.
                        The Governor & Council of this State have assured me they will for three months from this date,
                            deliver weekly into the public Magazines twelve hundred Barrels of Flour, this with what Assistance I shall get from the
                            neighbouring States will afford you a regular Supply of Flour.
                        I started from this place yesterday seventy head of Public Cattle—eighty more will move tomorrow and I have
                            made Application to the Governour & Council, to assist me in procuring five hundred Head from the Meadows below
                            this City—if I am successfull they will start in four days from this.
                        Mr Dunham Agent for Jersey has assured me the Contractor of Monmouth County has purchased one hundred Cattle,
                            exclusive of those which General Furman took from the Inhabitants—Sixty head purchased by the Commissioner in Salem County
                            and Sixty in Cumberland County which were all order’d to Camp.
                        Your Excellency may rest assured of my utmost endeavours to keep up a regular Supply—but the present mode of
                            purchasing without Money, and no immediate hopes of any gives me great uneasiness. I have the Honor to be with the
                            greatest respect Your Excellencies Most Obedient & Most Hble Servt

                            Eph. Blaine C.G.P.


Title: To George Washington from Nathanael Greene, 12 September 1780
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Camp Sepr 12th 1780

                        I have taken into consideration, as far as my health would permit, the several matters stated to the General
                            Officers in the Council held the 6th Inst.; and am of opinion that as the second division of the French fleet has not
                            arrived and there being little probability that it will be here in season to attempt any thing to the Northward, it would
                            be a folly to persevere further upon our original plan of operations laid down for the campaign.
                        The very great deficiency in our own preparations of men, provisions, and stores of every kind, for an attempt
                            upon New York, furnishes a stronger argument for changing our plan of operations. It is unnecessary to search for the
                            causes of these deficiencies. Whether they originate from a want of ability or inclination the effect is the same. It is
                            sufficient, that we know more powerfull arguments cannot be offered to the people, than has been to draw forth either men,
                            or supplies of any kind. Nevertheless should a large reinforcement arrive immediately from the West Indies, it would be
                            our duty to attempt a cooperation but I confess I doubt of it’s success while the business of Finance, and the supplies of
                            provision are upon so disagreeable a footing.
                        Three objects claim our attention in the state of affairs, which your Excellency has laid before us. The
                            force necessary to be kept in this quarter; an expedition into Canada and the situation of the southern States. The first
                            is the great object the other two are to be considered only as appendages. It is a difficult point to determine how to
                            employ our force, their time of service is so short, and their future establishment so uncertain. Our prospects of
                            provision and pay are still more distressing & disagreeable. Our present collective strength here upon a
                            continental establishment is equal to that of the Enemy, but will be soon rendered greatly inferior, by the expiration of
                            the time of service for which the troops are engaged. Was the whole to be continued through the winter, and the Enemies
                            force to remain the same as it is in New York, divided as ours must be for the winter cantonments, it would be barely
                            sufficient for their own safety and for the security of the fortifications in the High lands, and for covering the
                            Country, and protecting the inhabitants against the ravages of small parties of the Enemy. But as this force will be
                            diminished near or quite one half by and by; detaching from it for any purpose will be hazardous, and may be ruinous;
                            except such a small party as Major Lee’s horse and foot. They may be detached to the southward and would be usefull. Could
                            there be a junction formed of a part, or whole of the French force at New port, and measures taken to recruit this Army
                            for the war; detachments might be made with a degree of safety, and not without; unless the Enemy detach before us.
                            Whether there is a probability of the French forces forming a junction with us, or whether there are any measures likely to
                            take place for recruiting this Army your Excellency can best judge. The french fleet might be safe in Boston harbour
                            without their land force, and I believe they might also be safe in Providence river; but they are the best judge to what
                            force, and what place is necessary for their own security Should the enemy detach largely from New York to the Southward
                            it may lay us under the necessity of detaching also; or it may open new prospects with respect to prosecuting our original
                            plan of operations; especially if a reinforcement should arrive from the West Indies to join the French Army.
                        From all the intelligence coming from Canada there appears a favourable disposition among the inhabitants for
                            our undertaking an expedition into that Country. But to undertake it with troops whose time of service will expire before
                            the business is compleated will be a folly; and besides this objection, we have not provisions & Stores necessary
                            for such an attempt. However should there be no offensive operations to the Southward an expedition might be made into
                            Canada in the winter and for this purpose I would direct magazines of provisions and forage to be laid up at Albany and
                            Coos.
                        What I would recommend with respect to our Southern affairs would be, to levy an Army in that Country for the
                            War, if possible, and act upon the defensive. If great bodies of Militia are kept in the field the Country will soon
                            become incapable of making any opposition. I would not employ a larger force than is necessary to secure great objects;
                            and tho’ this may not be so popular for the General, it will be more salutory for the people.
                        When any offensive operations are undertaken for the reduction of Charles Town there must be a naval force to
                            give it success. To attempt any thing without it will only be attended with disappointment and disgrace. Every account
                            agreeing that the Country from it’s own resources is unequal to the support of an Army sufficient for the reduction of
                            Charlestown, and the expulsion of the Enemy. Nor can I persuade myself, that the same people who could not protect
                            themselves after having sufficient time to collect their force, can ever bring into the field an Army sufficient to expel
                            the Enemy; unless the Enemy should greatly diminish their strength; which is by no means the case in that quarter.
                        When our Allies furnish a naval force and we are in a condition to detach a land force to act in conjunction
                            with those of our Ally and which joined by those in the southern States will be sufficient to reduce the garrison at
                            Charles Town, then I would undertake offensive operations and not before: Provisions and Stores necessary for the support
                            of the Army may go under convoy of the Fleet. Untill then I am persuaded all our efforts to regain possession of that
                            Country will be fruitless and ineffectual, and the more we attempt it the greater will be our distress in that quarter.
                            Nothing but regular troops should be employed in a Country where provisions and stores are so difficult to provide as they
                            are to the Southward and as double their number of militia will not give equal security to the Country. I am with great
                            respect Your Excellency’s Most Obedient Humble Servant

                            Nath. Greene
                            M. General


Title: From George Washington to Comte de Guichen, 12 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Guichen, Comte de

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters Bergen County September 12th 1780

                        The Marquis De la Fayette arrived in America in april last charged by the Court of France, to announce to me
                            its intentions to send a fleet and army to cooperate with the troops of these States. Foreseeing that this succour would
                            not have the intended effect, from an insufficiency of the naval force, which would probably be found inferior to the
                            enemy, I requested the Marquis to represent to you the situation of affairs on this Continent, the necessity of an active
                            campaign, the great utility of a detachment from your fleet to reinforce the one expected from Europe, and give efficacy
                            to the generous intentions of your Court. I was persuaded, that if it were compatible with your instructions, and the
                            plans in contemplation in the Islands, you would chearfully afford your assistance in a cooperation so necessary to this
                            country, so beneficial of the common interest.
                        It appears since to have been the intention of your court to send a larger succour than was at first
                            mentioned; and that a second division was to have followed that which has arrived at Rhode Island. The late advices
                            however from Europe show that the execution of this project will at least be suspended by the appearance of the British
                            fleet off the port of Brest; and there is little hope that the second division can arrive in time to undertake any
                            operations against the enemy in this part of the Continent.
                        The Chevalier De Ternay has informed you of his being blocked in the port of Rhode Island, by a superior
                            British fleet—and the French troops are of course under a necessity of remaining there for the security of the fleet
                            against a combined attack by sea, and land—nor indeed could they be more useful to us in any other position, a naval
                            superiority being essential to every enterprise in these States.
                        In consequence of the expected aid, great exertions have been made on our part for offensive operations; an
                            additional expence (immense to this country in its present exhausted state) has been incurred—great expectations have been
                            excited among the people—and if events do not permit us to derive correspondent advantages, the disappointment will no
                            doubt be attended with effects very injurious to our affairs.
                        The situation of America at this time is critical—the Government without finances—its paper credit sunk, and
                            no expedients it can adopt capable of retreiving it—the resources of the country much diminished, by a five Years war, in
                            which it has made efforts beyond its ability—Clinton with an army of ten thousand regular troops, aided by a considerable
                            body of militia, whom, from motives of fear and attachment he has engaged to take arms, in possession of one of our
                            capital towns, and a large part of the State to which it belongs—the savages desolating the other frontier—a fleet
                            superior to that of our allies, not only to protect him against any attempt of ours, but to facilitate those he may
                            project against us—Lord Cornwallis with seven or eight thousand men in complete possession of two States, Georgia and
                            South Carolina—a third, North Carolina, by recent misfortunes at his mercy, his force dayly increasing by an accession of
                            adherents, whom his successes naturally procures him in a country inhabited in great part, by emigrants from England and
                            Scotland, who have not been long enough transplanted to exchange their ancient habits and attachments, in favor of their
                            new residence.
                        By a letter lately received from General Gates, we learn that on the 16th of last month, attempting to
                            penetrate and regain the State of South Carolina, he met with a total defeat near Camden, in which many of his troops have
                            been cut off, and the remainder dispersed, with the loss of all their cannon and baggage.
                        The enemy are said to be now making a detachment from New York for a Southern destination—if they push their
                            successes in that quarter, there is no saying where their career may end. The opposition will be feeble, unless we can
                            give succour from hence, which from a variety of causes must depend on a naval superiority.
                        In addition to the representation made to you by the Marquis De la Fayette, the Chevalier De Ternay has done
                            me the honor to impart to me that he has also applied to you for a reinforcement to put him in condition to act.
                        Though I have entire confidence, that the steps already taken will determine you to give us all the
                            assistance which your situation, and the plans you have formed will permit; Yet as the Honorable The Congress have lately
                            thought proper to vest me with full power to concert with the Officers of their most Christian and Catholic Majesties, any
                            enterprises which appear to me advantageous to the common cause—it becomes my duty to address you immediately myself, and
                            to expose to you the dangers and difficulties we experience in the present posture of our affairs—that you may judge how
                            essential your assistance would be to us at this juncture.
                        I write to you with that confidence and candor which ought to subsist between allies, and between military
                            men. In my eye the interest of France and America are the same—and to conceal our embarrassments would be to betray
                            both—While I assure you that the latter stands in need of the most vigorous assistance of its friends—I entreat you to
                            believe, that I am as remote from exaggerating as from palliating—and that I do not heighten the picture from a partiality
                            to our own interest. The Chevalier De la Luzerne, whom I shall beg to transmit you this Letter in cyphers, will I doubt
                            not add his testimony to mine.
                        To propose, at this time, a plan of precise cooperation would be fruitless—I shall only observe in general,
                            that any succour you could send in consequence of this letter, must arrive too late for an enterprize against New York—but
                            an unequivocal naval superiority would I hope enable us to act decisively in the Southern extremity. The 20th instant is
                            appointed for an interview with the Count De Rochambeau and the Chevalier De Ternay, in which we shall probably combine
                            several plans dependent for the execution on different contingencies—one of which will be the arrival of a detachment from
                            your fleet.
                        Convinced as I am, that the independance of America is the primary object of the war with your Court, it is
                            unnecessary to offer any other motives to engage your exertions in our favor. I might otherwise remark, that the
                            destruction of the enemy here would greatly facilitate the reduction of their Islands—Supplies in much greater abundance,
                            and on much better terms might then be drawn from hence to forward your operations there; and these States disencumbered
                            of an internal war might unite her inhabitants and resources in vigorous efforts against the common enemy elsewhere for
                            the benefit of the common cause.
                        I am happy in this opportunity of congratulating you on the advantages you have reaped in your different
                            combats—as glorious to the flag of France, as humiliating to that of Britain. My happiness would be complete if the coasts
                            of this Continent should add to your laurels. With the sentiments of the most perfect respect I have the honor to be Sir
                            Your Most Obedient Humble Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Huntington, 12 September 1780
From: Huntington, Samuel
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Philadelphia September 12. 1780

                        By the Acts of Congress of the 8 & 11. Instant enclosed, your Excellency will be informed of the
                            Measures Congress have recommended at present to reinforce, and supply Provisions for, the southern Army.
                        You will please to observe by the latter, the Expediency of immediately sending forward to the southern Army
                            a Corps of Artillery and Reinforcement of Cavalry & is referred to the Commander in Chief.
                        Since the enclosed Acts were passed, your Despatches of the 8. & 9. Instant have been received this Day and
                            will claim the earliest Attention of Congress. I have the Honor to be with the highest Respect your Excellency’s mos.
                            humble & obedient Servant

                            Saml Huntington President


Title: From George Washington to Anne-César, chevalier de La Luzerne, 12 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: La Luzerne, Anne-César, chevalier de

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters Bergen County Septr 12th 1780

                        I have the honor to inclose you a letter which upon the whole I have thought it adviseable to write to the
                            Count De Guichen. As its contents are of a nature to make its falling into the enemy’s hands in its present form
                            dangerous, and as I have no cypher of communication with the Count I take the liberty to request Your Excellency’s
                            assistance in making use of yours and forwarding it by triplicates with your dispatches by the first opportunities.
                        I make no mention of a Land force because though it would be useful it may be dispensed with—But if a body of
                            Troops could conveniently accompany the Fleet, it would give greater energy and certainty of success to our
                            operations—I am the more induced to desire it, as the composition of a considerable part of our Army is temporary and I am
                            not informed what measures may be taken to replace the men whose times of service will expire.
                        I need use no arguments to convince your Excellency of the extremity to which our affairs are tending and the
                            necessity of support—You are an eye-witness to all our perplexities and all our wants. You know the dangerous consequence
                            of leaving the Enemy in quiet possession of their Southern conquests, either for negotiation this Winter or a continuance
                            of the War—you know our inability alone to expel them; or perhaps even to stop their career. I have the honor to be With
                            the sincerest sentiments of respect and attachment Your Excellency’s Most Obet Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Phillips, Jr., 12 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Phillips, Samuel, Jr.

                            Gentm.
                            Head Qrs near Hackensac Bridge Sepr 12. 1780

                        Notwithstanding the second division expected from France has not arrived, we have good reason to think it
                            will make it’s appearnace before it is long upon our coast, or that the Chevalier de Ternay will receive, at any rate,
                            reinforcement which will give him a naval superiority in those seas. If this should be the case, the delicate and pressing
                            situation of our affairs will require, that we avail ourselves of the succour if it shall be practicable, in some way or
                            other. The Circumstances of the season may be such possibly, as to prevent any operation in this quarter, but still
                            perhaps something may be attempted elsewhere with a good prospect of success and advantage. But this will depend on the
                            means we have of subsisting our Troops. At present, unfortunately for us, were we in the fullest possession of a naval
                            superiority and the fairest opportunities were to present themselves for striking a stroke, we could not transport even a
                            small body of troops to any point, however interesting & certain the Object, for want of Salt provisions. From
                            these considerations, it is a matter of the greatest importance that we should have a supply immediately procured if it is
                            possible. Every thing may depend upon it, and must, so far as any Enterprise is attempted, except against New York. I have
                            heard that a very considerable quantity of beef & Pork was captured in the Quebec fleet. If this is the fact, it
                            seems to be the only source from which we can hope to obtain a supply—and from the necessity of the case I take the
                            liberty to entreat You will endeavour to secure it. I would wish, at least, Four Thousand barrels to be provided, if it be
                            by any means practicable, and I am certain the Council will render the States the most essential service by the measure.
                            But if after all events should occur to make this supply unnecessary—the provision will not prove an incumberance on their
                            hands—and will always bring it’s cost. I confide in the goodness of the Council to excuse this freedom and persuade
                            myself, that they will most readily place the application to the motives which have really produced it.
                        I am pained to inform Your Honourable body that our distresses for meat still continue pressing &
                            alarming. The Supplies we have received, including the Cattle which have been exacted from the Inhabitants of this state
                            and in many instances to their entire ruin & which have made no inconsiderable part, have been little more than
                            sufficient to satisfy a third of our necessary demands. The Troops on some occasions have been even four & five
                            days without a mouthful of meat. Complaints & murmuring—a relaxation of discipline—marauding—robbery and desertion
                            are the consequences; and indeed it is to be wondered at, that they have not prevailed to a much greater extent. I am
                            satisfied things cannot continue long in their present situation. I have the Honor to be with the most perfect respect
                            Gentm. Your Most Obed. Sert

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to John Rutledge, 12 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Rutledge, John

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters Bergen County 12th Septr 1780

                        I had the pleasure, a few days ago, of receiving your Excellency’s favor of the 27th Augt from
                            Philadelphia. I am extremely sorry that circumstances did not admit of your intended visit to the Army, as I could, in a
                            personal conference, have entered more minutely into a detail of our Affairs, than I can with safety commit to paper.
                        Your Excellency may rest assured, that I am fully impressed with the importance of the southern states, and
                            of course with the necessity of making every effort to expel the Enemy from them. The late unlucky affair near Campden
                            renders their situation more precarious, and calls for every exertion to stop, at least, the further progress of the
                            British Army. It is to be wished that the composition of our force in this quarter, our resources, and the present
                            situation of the Fleet and Army of our Ally admitted of an immediate and sufficient detachment, not only to answer the
                            purpose I have just mentioned, but to carry on operations of a more serious and extensive nature. But this not being the
                            case, for reasons which must be obvious to you, let it suffice that your Excellency be informed, that our views tend
                            ultimately to the southward; In the mean time, our endeavours, in that quarter, should be directed, rather to checking the
                            progress of the enemy by a permanent, compact and well organized body of Men, than attempting immediately to recover the
                            State of south Carolina, by a numerous Army of Militia, who besides being inconceivably expensive are too fluctuating
                            and undisciplined to oppose one composed chiefly of regular troops. I would recommend to you therefore to make use of
                            your influence with the States from Maryland Southward to raise without delay at least five thousand Men for the War if
                            it can be effected; if not for as long a time as possible. These with the Militia in the Vicinity, would answer the
                            purpose I have last mentioned, and would in proper time make a useful body either to form a diversion in favor of or to
                            cooperate with a force upon the coast. I have hinted the outlines of a plan to your Excellency, which for many reasons
                            should be, in general, kept to yourself: You will oblige me by informing yourself as accurately as possible what may be the
                            present resources of the Country as to Meat, Corn, Wheat or Rice, and transportation as I suppose circumstances may have
                            occasioned a considerable change. And if it is possible to form Magazines of either it should be done especially of salt
                            Meat, which is an Article as essential to military operations, that the States of Virginia and North Carolina should be
                            requested to lay up as soon as the weather will permit at least 4000 Barrels in proportion to their respective Abilities.
                            You will also be pleased to endeavour to gain a knowledge of the force of the Enemy—the posts they occupy, the nature and
                            state of these posts, and the reinforcements they may probably derive from the people of the Country. As you receive these
                            several intelligences, you will be pleased to communicate them to me—with your opinion of the best place for debarking
                            Troops in case of an Expedition agt the enemy in the Southern States, and the names of Persons in that Qr whose
                            opinion & advice may be serviceable in such an event. With much esteem & regd I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obt & H.
                            Servt

                            G. W.


Title: From Richard Kidder Meade to William Lord Stirling Alexander, 12 September 1780
From: Meade, Richard Kidder
To: Alexander, William Lord Stirling

                            My Lord
                            Head Quaiters 12th Septr 1780

                        His Excellency is this moment going out—He desires me to observe that he approves the instructions you sent
                            for his perusal, & only wishes you to add to them, that in case the Enemy should make a move up the River, that
                            the Officers may give notice immediately to the Commanding officer at Dobbes’s. I am your Lordship’s Mo. Obet hum. Servt

                            R.K. Meade A.D.C.


Title: General Orders, 13 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

                            Head Quarters Steenrapia Wednesday Septemr 13th 80
                            Parole Bender
                            Countersigns T.X
                            Watchword Rome.

                        For the Day Tomorrow
                        Brigadier General Wayne
                        Lieutenant Colonel Commandant     Butler
                        Lieutenant Colonel Whiting
                        Major Throop.
                        Brigade Major White
                        The General Court Martial whereof Colonel Dayton is President will sit tomorrow morning nine ô clock at the
                            president’s Markee—Lieutenant Colonel Hait is appointed a member of the Court vice Lieutenant Colonel Badlam absent.


Title: From George Washington to William Dobbs, 13 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Dobbs, William

                            Sir
                            Head Qrs Septr 13. 1780

                        By a variety of Accounts received through different channels and which from the correspondence between them
                            appear to be probably true—it would seem as if Your & Captain Shaw’s services may be again called for, and in the course
                            of a very few days—if not immediately. I wish You to keep the matter an entire secret; but at the same time that you will
                            be in readiness to proceed to Rhode Island on the shortest notice, either from Myself—Count de Rochambeau—or the
                            Chevalier de Ternay. I inclose a letter for Captn Shaw to the same effect, which You will be pleased to forward to him.
                            I am Sir With esteem Yr Most Obed. St

                            G.W.

                            The same To Capt. Danl Shaw Pilot.


Title: From George Washington to William Heath, 13 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters Bergen County 13th Septr 1780

                        I have recd your favor of the 9th inclosing Capt. Earles account of the French Fleet in the West Indies.
                            There is intelligence of a similar nature from Philadelphia.
                        You will be pleased to forward the inclosed letter for Mr Bowdoin immediately by Express. I am with great
                            Regard Dear Sir Yr most obt Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Nehemiah Hubbard, 13 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Hubbard, Nehemiah

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters Bergen County 13th Sepr 1780

                        I have made an appointment to meet the Count de Rochambeau and The Chevalier de Ternay, who will be
                            accompanied by the commanding Officers of Artillery and Engineers in the French Army, at Harford on the 20th instant. The
                            Marquis de la Fayette—Genl Knox and the commanding Officer of the Corps of Engineers in our service will accompany me. You
                            will be pleased to provide the best quarters which the Town affords, and make every necessary preparation of Forage and
                            other matters. I shall have an escort of twelve or fifteen Dragoons. The French General will probably have a like number.
                            I am Sir Yr most obt Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 13 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

                            Sir,
                            Head Quarters Bergen County Septemr 13th 1780

                        This will be presented to your Excellency by Captain Hendricks Solomon of Stockbridge who with about Twenty
                            of his Tribe have been serving as Volunteers with the army since the beginning of July—They have been generally attached
                            to the Light Infantry and have conducted themselves with great propriety and fidelity—seeing no immediate prospect of any
                            operations in this quarter in which they can be serviceable, they are disirous of returning home after receiving some
                            compensation for the time which they have been with us—and after having made a visit to Philadelphia. I have thought it
                            best to gratify them, not only on account of its being agreeable to them, but because I have it not in my power to furnish
                            them with some articles of Cloathing which they request and which they would prefer to money—Congress will I doubt not
                            direct such a supply as they shall think proper. Captain Solomon with part of these people were with us in the Year
                            1778—The Tribe suffered severely that Campaign in a skirmish with the Enemy, in which they lost their Chief and several of
                            their Warriors. I have the honor to be With the greatest respect Your Excellency’s Most Obet & hum. Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 13 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de

                            Sir
                            Head Qrs Bergen County N. Bridge Sepr 13th 1780

                        The idea of an embarkation gains strength by the concurring testimony of emissaries and deserters, and seems
                            to be on the point of taking place. On such an event it might be of importance that we should both be with our respective
                            armies—which induces me to request our meeting may be deferred ’till the 25th instant. I hope this letter will arrive in
                            time to anticipate your setting out, and that no inconvenience will attend the delay. as I will not detain the express to
                            write to the Admiral, I beg the favour of you to impart the contents of my letter to him. I have the honor to be with
                            sincere attachment Sir Your most Obedt servant

                            Go: Washington

                            P.S. I am much obliged to your Excy for your letter of the 9th and the intelligence it contains—similar
                                advices are just come from Philadelphia.


Title: From George Washington to Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 13 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de

                            Sir,
                            Head Quarters New Bridge Sepr 13th 1780

                        I have just received advices from pretty good authority; of which the inclosed is a copy. From the complexion
                            and agreement of these accounts, it seems very probable, that the Count De Guichen is really approaching the coast. Should
                            this be the case it is of so much importance to lose no time in concerting our plans, that I renew my proposal for
                            meeting you and the Admiral the 20th instant, and shall be at Hartford accordingly. The inconveniences, which may attend
                            our absence on the supposition mentioned in my letter of this morning are not a counterballance, for the advantages of the
                            interview on the present supposition.
                        Should the Count De Guichen arrive before the end of this month, I still recommend New York to be our object;
                            and in this view, I cannot forbear repeating to you how essential it is, that the fleet should instantly proceed to take
                            possession of the port, and that your troops should as soon as possible form a junction with ours by way of the Sound. The
                            former is in my opinion the most critical point of the operation, and the advanced period of the season increases the
                            necessity of dispatch in the execution. I mention this lest the arrival of the Count De Guichen should antecede our
                            interview.
                        I have directed Capts. Dobbes and Shaw to hold themselves in readiness to repair to the fleet on the first
                            notice. A letter from the Admiral, or from you to Capt. Dobbes at Fish Kill will be immediately obeyed. I have the honor
                            to be with the greatest esteem Sir Your most Obedt & humble servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Benjamin Tallmadge, 13 September 1780
From: Tallmadge, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Lower Salem Septr 13th 1780

                        I have the honor to enclose Dispatches from the C——s which have this moment come to hand—As C—— Junr was
                            an Answer in Part to my last on the Plan of our Future Correspondence, it was necessary for me to decipher it—Your
                            Excellency will observe what he writes respecting his Services, & as he informs he can shorten the route on
                            Certain Conditions, Your Excellency’s assurances will regulate his future Services—Thus much I can observe respecting the
                            Man, he is a Gentleman of business, of Education & honor—C—— Seniors frequent Expresses to N.Y. for the Papers
                            which are forwarded to your Excellency, & to resolve Questions proposed by other Genl Officers, at other Periods
                            has expended the Money which has been furnished him, as We were considerably in arrears when the last money was handed
                            him—I have just engaged a Man to bring letters from N.Y. via Kingsbridge if necessary; but cannot as yet tell whether
                            C—— Junr will deliver him dispatches—His Name & Services I believe are well known to Your Excellency.
                        I Recd Major Humphrey’s Letter of the 11th the last Evening, & immediately wrote to have the boat
                            cross, which I am confident will not be delayed only by the present heavy wind & rain—Your Excellency may depend
                            on my Exertions in the matter.
                        I shall fold this letter very small to prevent being discovered if the Express should chance be taken. I have
                            the Honor to be, with the highest Esteem, Sir, Your Excellency’s most Obedt Servt

                            Benja: Tallmadge

                     Enclosure

                                Sir
                                 12 September 1780

                            Yours of 29th August came to hand and observe the contents. Since my last the
                                    17 D: have removed to Smith Town, and encamped in Wido Bledenburgs Orchard it is Said they
                                will Stay there 12 days but very uncertain. No one expectd they would move from Setauket So Soon.
                                Coll Birch hath left the Regt—and is appointed Commodant of New York. Capt. Archdale Commands the
                                Regt—I must Call on you for more Cash haveing advanced considerable to carry it on—Inclosed you have C. Jur dispach no
                                verbal accounts in Great hast am yours &c.

                                Saml Culper

                        Words in square brackets are translations of code.


Title: To George Washington from Anthony Wayne, 13 September 1780
From: Wayne, Anthony
To: Washington, George

                            Dear Sir
                             Camp at Steenrapia 13th Sepr 1780

                        On the 10th Instant I did myself the honor to Suggest an Idea of manoeuvring the Enemy into a change of
                            position of which advantage might be taken.
                        I am not so well acquainted with the present strength of the Enemy, or the Condition of their Works on Staten
                            Island, as to fix with prescission upon the most proper mode of attack (should this be deemed an advisable Object)—but
                            this knowledge is to be obtained by address & attention.
                        If circumstances admits of your Excellency passing the North River—may it not be in our power to carry that
                            Island by surprise—will not Sr H. Clinton by such a move be Induced to collect his troops into a focus with a view of
                            giving you battle in the Vicinity of white plains.
                        Upon this presumption I would propose the selecting 1600 chosen troops—at Different times & in sundry
                            Detatchments, properly Officered (for on this every success depends)—these may be sent off in such a manner as not to give
                            the least possible alarm to the Enemy, Viz.
                        400 men Duly officered towards Princetown say to a Convoy of Provision to move Immediately—an equal body in a
                            day or two towards Morristown, and when the army is in motion, an other Detatchment to move towards Paramus or Totowa.
                        The remaining 400 to Continue at Tappan or Dobb’s, a plausible pretext may be assigned the respective
                            Commanding Officers without any knowledge of each Others Destination.
                        When the boats or travelling Carriages are put in motion it may be given out that they are Designed to
                            facilitate the passing of troops &ca over the N. River.
                        should the lure take & Sr Henry Clinton Determine to risque an Action—he will be necessitated to
                            weaken his posts—to collect Numbers in order to Insure victory, as soon therefore as this is ascertained the Officer who
                            is to take charge of the enterprise—will Immediately repass the river (having continued with the main Army
                            until that period to prevent suspicion) and put the respective Detatchments into motion so as to
                            arrive at a fixt point, or points, at a Certain hour, giving out that they are order a ross the River to reinforce your
                            Excellency, as a General action is hourly expected.
                        this will serve to lull the troops upon Staten Island into a state of Security—& also deceive the
                            Spies & Disaffected that mix with the troops & Infest this Country—who may be effectually prevented from
                            giving Intelligence by a Judicious disposition & a few horse previous to Assembling near the
                                Interested point of Operation.
                        Your Excellency will naturally fall back should Sr H. Clinton advance—which will still draw him further from
                            the scene of Action—& by that means leave it more in the power of the Officer destined for Staten Island to
                            Improve his Advantage if successful, or to effect a good retreat if unfortunate.
                        these are the out lines of what I had in Idea—should the Object meet your Approbation—your own knowledge of
                            that Island & other Circumstances will fully enable you to make the proper Disposition, which I doubt not will
                            meet with that Success and good fortune, that the most of your Enterprises have been Crowned with. I have the honor to be
                            your Excellency’s Most Obt Hume Servt

                            Anty Wayne


Title: To George Washington from Obadiah Wetherell, 13 September 1780
From: Wetherell, Obadiah
To: Washington, George

                            May it please your Excellency
                            Camp Steenrapia 13th Sept. 1780

                        The Petition of Lieut. Obadiah Wetherell 8th Masstts Regt humbly sheweth that he thinks himself highly
                            injured in being superceeded by the Pay-Master of said Regt, who had no Commission but that of Pay-Master untill the new
                            Arrangement when he was appointed an Ensign & soon after promoted a Lieutenant.
                        This is therefore humbly to request your Excellency for an Honorable Discharge from the Service And your
                                Petitioner as in Duty bound shall ever pray.

                            Obadiah Wetherell Lieut.


Title: General Orders, 14 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

                            Head Quarters Steenrapia Thursday Septemr 14th: 1780
                            Parole Massachusetts
                            Countersigns Putnam
                            Lincoln
                            Watchword Merit

                        For the Day Tomorrow Brigadier General Huntington
                        Lieutenant Colonel Commandant Hubly
                        Lieutenant Colonel Mentges
                        Major Harwood
                        Brigade Major Moore
                        Colonel H. Jackson is appointed President of the General Court Martial vice Colonel Dayton ordered on
                            Command.


Title: From George Washington to Benedict Arnold, 14 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Arnold, Benedict

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters Bergen County 14th Sepr 1780

                        I have received your favors of the 11th and 12th. I have no objection to your sending the two pieces of
                            Cannon to Colo. Gouvion.
                        Under the circumstances you mention you may detain the Men of Colo. Putnams Regt who are serving as Bargemen
                            to you, and if you can withdraw the Batteau men sent down to Kings ferry, with convenience, it will be a measure intirely
                            agreeable to me.
                        I hope Colo. Hays plans for obtaining a supply of Flour from the State of New York, and his application to the
                            people of the Grants, will both meet with success. He is a faithful and indefatigable Officer. I am Dear Sir Your most obt
                            and hble Servt

                            Go: Washington

                            P.S. I shall be at Peekskill on sunday evening on my way to Harford to meet the French Admiral and
                                General. You will be pleased to send down a Guard of a Captain and fifty at that time, and direct the Qr Mr to endeavour
                                to have a nights Forage for about 40 Horses. You will keep this to yourself, as I want to make my journey a
                            secret.


Title: To George Washington from Benedict Arnold, 14 September 1780
From: Arnold, Benedict
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                             Sepr 14th 1780

                        In answer to your Excellencys questions proposed to the Council of General Officers on the 6th Inst. I beg
                            leave to observe, that from the uncertainty of the Arival of the Second Division of the French Fleet, as well as of their
                            Force, and from the fluctuating Situation of our affairs, which may be totally Changed in a Short time by a Variety of
                            Circumstances which may happen, It appears extremely difficult for me to determine with any degree of precission the line
                            of Conduct proper to be observed.
                        If the Second Division of the French Fleet may be soon expected, and their Force, of which I am Ignorant,
                            will give us a decided superiority over the Enemy as well by land as Sea, I am of Opinion that every necessary preparation
                            and disposition should be made to Attack New York—provided we have a sufficiency of Ammunition and Millitary Stores, and
                            there is a prospect when the Army is Collected of their being Supplied with provision; the former I doubt: But if there is
                            not good reason to suppose the Second Division of the French Fleet with a force Superior to that of the Enemy will arive
                            in the Course of a Month, I am of Opinion no offensive opperations can with prudence be undertaken this fall against New
                            York in which Case it is probible the Enemy will Detach a part of their Force in New York to Join those in So. Carolina or
                            to Co-operate with them in Virginia or Maryland, I am therefore of Opinion that the Pennsylvania line which I suppose to
                            amount to 2,500. or 3,000 Men should hold themselves in readiness to March, and if the Second Division of the French Fleet
                            does not arive by the first of October, that then the Pennsylvania Line should March to the Relief of the Southern States,
                            who with the Aid of so formidable a Regular Force (If they do their Duty) will be able to repel the Enemy in that quarter,
                            And if the French Fleet should arive too late to opperate against New York, South Carolina may be an object worthy their
                            Attention.
                        Without a decided superiority by Sea I am of Opinion no offensive Opperations against the Enemy can with
                            prudence be undertaken this fall, and it is to be hoped that the States are by this time Convinced of the Necessity of
                            immediately raising an Army, to be engaged during the War, and that they will without loss of time take effectual measures
                            for that purpose. I should suppose the Pennsylvania Line might be replaced by some of the Troops at Rhode Island, before
                            the time is expired for which the Militia are Called out. I have the honor to be with the highest respect, Your
                            Excellencys Most Obedient and very Humble Servt

                            B. Arnold


Title: To George Washington from Daniel Brodhead, 14 September 1780
From: Brodhead, Daniel
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            Fort Pitt Sepr 14th 1780

                        I am honored with your favor of the 4th of July; and cannot avoid feeling most sensibly, the neglect, or want
                            of resources, to enable your Excellency, and those who have the Honor of commanding under you, to act offensively against
                            the Enemy. I am happy however, to find that our good Allies afford us aid, and have a happy presage that with the smiles
                            of divine Providence your Excellency will be enabled to drive the Enemy out of our Country.
                        The French Inhabitants of Detroit are much in our Interest, and wish most heartily to see an American force
                            approaching. I really believe, that twelve hundred well appointed Men would carry that place, without great difficulty.
                            And I wish for nothing more, when circumstances will admit, than the Honor of making the attempt.
                        The whole Garrison with Sergeants to lead them, came to my Quarters a few days ago to represent that they had
                            not received any bread for five days together. Their Conduct was civil & respectfull, & upon being told
                            that every possible exertion was making to prevent their further suffering, they returned, in good order, to their
                            Quarters.
                        I make use of every fair method, and some times a little compulsion, to obtain a temporary supply. But with
                            my best endeavours I am very apprehensive, we shall be great sufferers, before your requisitions are complied with.
                        Both Gamble & Davis, who were under sentence of Death, and who well deserved their Fate, have been
                            suffered to make their Escape out of the Guard House, although they were ironed, on hands & feet. I ordered the
                            officers who commanded the Guards under arrest for neglect of Duty. One of them is tried
                            & acquitted, the other remains to be tried. Colo. Gibson was appointed President of the Genl Court Martial ordered
                            by your Excellency, and the same Court remains, untill it is your pleasure to disolve it. I have the Honor to be with the
                            sincerest wish for your success, your Excellencies most Obedt Servt

                            Daniel Brodhead

                            P.S. I have taken the liberty to inclose an extract from a Letter I lately received from the Revd Mr
                                Hackenwelder. Two Indians who were sent from the Moravian Towns with messages to Sandusky report, that almost all the
                                Wyondot party consisting of thirty odd warriors, were killed & wounded by the party sent to attack them.

                            D.B.

                     Enclosure

                                    c.14 September 1780

                            I was informed by the day before Yesterday by a man who came from the Wyondott Towns that somewhere about
                                the mouth of yellow Creek, a party of Wyondots Crossing the River on Rafts were attackd by a party of
                                white men when Eight of the Indians were killed on the spot and two besides Mortaly wounded, one of which has died
                                since, the other being Carried  to Detroit.


Title: To George Washington from David Forman, 14 September 1780
From: Forman, David
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Freehold 14th Septr 1780 Ten oClock P.M.

                        I am this minute Informed that Admiral Rodney with twelve sail of the line & four frigates are
                            Arrived off Sandy Hook from the West Indies—My Informant also says that they yesterday took a french Frigate to the
                            southward & sent her this day up to N. York—This Acct my informer says may be relyd upon—He further adds (but not
                            with Certainty) that 5,000 British Troops are to be sent in a few days His acct says to sail the 25th Inst. for Carolina—I
                            thought the above Acct of too much importance to be delayed untill I sent twenty miles for a horseman & Prevailed
                            on the bearer Major Longstreet to wait on Your Excelly—should it appear from further information that this intelligence is
                            in any respect meterially Wrong I will Correct it by sending a horseman as soon as I shall be better Informed—Yet I would
                            observe to your Excelly that I have hardly ever been deceived by Accts through this Channell. I have the honor to be Your
                            Excellys most Obedt humbe servt

                            David Forman

                            P.S. there is a Report that the Combined Fleets from the West Indies are on the Coast.