Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Madame Brillon, 7 March 1778
From: Brillon de Jouy, Anne-Louise Boivin d’Hardancourt
To: Franklin, Benjamin

A passy ce samedi 7 mars [1778]
Vous avés bien voulu hiér mon cher frére, me chargér de votre convérsion: tout directeur, tout ministre, arrange en général les affaires, pour sa gloire et pour son proffit: prenant la charge, j’en prends l’éspoir; ainsi mon chér frére, vous trouvérés bon que selon l’ordre accoutumé, me méslant de vos affaires, j’arrange les miénnes: je ne serai pas trop sévére, je connois le foible de mon pénitent, je le tollérerai! pourvû qu’il aime dieu, l’amérique, et moi pardessus toutes choses; je l’absous de tous ses péchés; présents, passés, futurs; et je lui prométs le ciél, ou je le conduirai par un chemin semé de roses.
Il est bon que mon pénitent sache, qu’il y a sept gros péchés que nous nommons capiteaux; parceque dit on, toutes les péccadilles en sous ordres en dérivent: de ces sept péchés, vous n’en faittes qu’un, mon chér frére; il est aisé de vous le prouvér:
Le 1er est l’orgueil—le sage fit toujours le bien, seulement pour l’amour du bien et pour le bonheur de ses semblables; si la gloire se trouve au bout de cette conduitte, elle n’en est pas le motif; donc, vous n’éstes pas orgueilleux;
Le 2d est l’envie—les hommes médiocres envient la réputation, le méritte, le bonheur des hommes supérieurs; il vous est impossible d’estre envieux;
Le 3eme est l’avarice—des désirs bornés, de la simplicité, de l’ordre; vous méttent a l’abbri de tous soupçons;
Le 4eme est la gourmandise—il me semble, que vous aimés assés les bonnes choses; mais qu’il vous en coutte peu, pour vivre en prince sauvage ainsi vous n’éstes pas gourmand;

Le 5eme est la colére—votre âme calme, que la raison guide toujours est intacte sur ce point;
Le 6eme est la parésse—L’amérique; le tonnére mesme, si l’on veut le prendre a témoin, attésteront que si tous les hommes vous ressembloient, on ne connoistroit pas la parésse;
Le 7eme—je ne le nommerai pas: tous les grands hommes en furent atteints: on appelle cela leur foiblésse: j’ose dire, que cétte prétendue foiblésse leur osta la rudésse, l’austérité que peut éstre la philosophie seule leur eut laissé: vous avés aimé, mon chér frére; vous etiés sensible et aimable; on vous l’a rendu! Qu’y a t’il la de si condamnable? Continués a faire de grandes choses, et a aimér les jolies fémmes; pourvû que, télles jolies, télles aimables qu’élles soient, vous ne pérdiés jamais de vuë ma morale, et que vous aimiés toujours: dieu, l’amérique et moi par dessus toutes choses; a ces conditions, il n’y aura rien a désirér a votre convérsion. J’ai l’honneur d’éstre mon chér frére, avéc tout le zéle nécéssaire a mon nouveau ministére, Votre trés humble et trés obeissante sérvante
D’hardancourt Brillon

Endorsed: Me Brillon


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Emmanuel-Pierre de La Plaigne, [7 March 1778]
From: La Plaigne, Emmanuel-Pierre de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monseigneur,
[March 7, 1778]
J’ai l’honneur de présenter à Votre Excellence Messieurs L’armand et de Guaÿ Capitaines d’artillerie qui vont à Paris terminer leurs affaires pour passer ensuite au service des Etats de la Georgie. Comme par ma mission, Monseigneur, j’étais chargé d’améner avec moi plusieurs officiers d’artillerie experimentés, j’ai enfin déterminé ces deux Messieurs à passer en Amerique; ils me sont singulierement récommandés; et leur prudence et leur intelligence étant connües, je crois avoir fait en eux une acquisition précieuse pour les Etats libres et indépendans de l’Amerique. J’ai l’honneur d’être, Monseigneur, De Votre Excellence le très humble et obéissant serviteur
E.P. De LaplaigneCapt. of the first georgia

J’ai l’honneur de prévenir votre Exc. que j’ai tiré huit Louis d’or sur Messrs. Garcon et ricard [Bayard] et comme la vente de ma voiture pourrait bien ne pas les rembourser, j’espere que Vot. Ex. voudra bien y faire honneur.

Notation: De La Plaigne


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Ross, 7 March 1778
From: Ross, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
Nantes 7 March 1778.
Altho’ I have not hitherto assumed the liberty of troubleing you in the Epistlary way, I think you may be assured it did not Proceed in the least from a want of that respect due to you from me, in Your Public Character nor Private life. And I hope you will Dear Sir, believe me sincere, (unsuspected of flattery) that I am so perfectly satisfyed of Your disinterested honourable views in both, I shoud blame myself as deficient and particularly culpable in not acknowledgeing it; consequently consistent with truth and Justice, Avow the conviction in my own mind of Your best intentions in every line of your duty, in Public and private life.
I have had frequent occasion in my private obscure line, to communicate my sentiments to the Honble. Commissioners jointly when their Opinion and Advice proved necessary, so as to Act with their concurrance, and as much for the Interest and Security of the Public [torn: and of the?] truste reposed in me as far as my situation and [torn: my circums]tances required; whether I have in that and every other [torn] my management acquited my self as a facto [torn] Man, must appear on the Setlement of my Accounts. Nevertheless, Perceiveing ungenerous and unjustifiable means adopted to make discoverys and injur the Characters of Men of the first reputation in business in America, Am exceedingly embarrassed in what line to Act, to render myself servicable to our distant friends, so egregiously insulted by this strain of Power assumed by Mr. Lee as Commercial Agent, under the frivolous sanction of his appointment, in Seizeing, privately searching, and Carrying off, the books Papers &ca. of Messrs. Willing Morris & Co. with the Private Correspondence of Robert Morris Esqr. with his deceast Brother. And I shoud therefore esteem it a favour, and Particulare happiness to have your private sentiments on the Subject, to serve for my government.
The motives of this ill concerted, rash Posting expedition from Paris to Nantes of Mr. Lee’s, is too glareing to escape the observation of every person from America. Nor is it possible that the Characters of the best of Men can keep clear of suspicions, exposed to an Act of so much cruelty and dishonour, as that of a private Clandestine examination of the Public and private [papers?] of those Gentlemen, in the manner Conducted by [torn: Mr. Lee?].
The Prying C[torn] Principles of certain Men has hitherto [torn] to their establishment and Support, Not however so dareingly open, as in the Present instance, being in my opinion an Arbitrary insult to the Laws of our Country, and to every man of reason and reflection in the United States.
Had the Papers &ca. been Put in my Possession by the order obtained for Mr. Lee (which am certain, the Honble. Commissioners, at Least some of them, coud not suspect or foresee to be for the purpose of Sellecting proofes of information, under the Idea of Public papers) Shoud have had it in my Power to render essential service to our friends in their Public and private concerns. My intentions being therefore Counteracted in the measures of Mr. Lee, And those Papers thrown apart as useless to him, carryed off, am much in need of your Advice and opinion to regulate me, in case you Judge it Adviseable in me to interfere further in any line to Serve our distant Phila. Freinds. I have the honour to be with unfeigned Respect, and esteem Dear Sir Your very obedient Servant
Jno. Ross
P.S. [torn] answer [torn and illegible]The Honble. Benjamin Franklin Esqr.

Notation: Jn Ross. 7 March 78


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Lotbinière, 8 March 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Lotbinière, Michel-Alain Chartier de

Passy, Mar. 8. 78
Mr. Franklin presents his Compliments to M. Lotbiniere, has receiv’d his observations on the Government of Canada, thanks him for communicating them, will take care of them, and return them safely.

Addressed: A Monsr / Monsieur le Marquis de Lotbiniere / à Paris


Title: The American Commissioners to Ralph Izard, 10 March 1778
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Izard, Ralph

Sir
Passy, March 10. 1778
As soon as the Commissioners to this Court shall have completed any Treaties here and it is in their Power to communicate them, you may depend on their Readiness to comply with your Request. And whenever you shall think proper to appoint a Meeting for the purpose of conferring with them on the other Points mention’d in the Letter you honour’d them with of the 5th Instant they will attend you with Pleasure. We have the honour to be, Sir, Your most obedient humble Servants.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Madame Brillon, 10 March 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Brillon de Jouy, Anne-Louise Boivin d’Hardancourt

Passy, March 10. 1778
I am charm’d with the Goodness of my Spiritual Guide, and resign myself implicitly to her Conduct, as she promises to lead me to Heaven in a Road so delicious, when I could be content to travel thither even in the roughest of all the Ways with the Pleasure of her Company.
How kindly partial to her Penitent, in finding him, on examining his Conscience, guilty of only one capital Sin, and to call that by the gentle Name of a Foible!
I lay fast hold of your Promise to absolve me of all Sins past, present, and future, on the easy and pleasing Condition of loving God, America, and my Guide above all things. I am in Raptures when I think of being absolv’d of the FUTURE.
People commonly speak of Ten Commandments. I have been taught that there are twelve. The first was, Increase and multiply and replenish the Earth. The twelfth is, A new Commandment I give unto you, that ye love one another It seems to me that they are a little misplac’d, and that the last should have been the first. However, I never made any Difficulty about that, but was always willing to obey them both whenever I had an Opportunity. Pray tell me, my dear Casuist, whether my keeping religiously these two Commandments, tho’ not in the Decalogue, may not be accepted in Compensation for my breaking so often one of the Ten, I mean that which forbids Coveting my Neighbour’s Wife, and which I confess I break constantly, God forgive me, as often as I see or think of my lovely Confessor: And I am afraid I should never be able to repent of the Sin, even if I had the full Possession of her.
And now I am consulting you upon a Case of Conscience, I will mention the Opinion of a certain Father of the Church, which I find myself willing to adopt, tho’ I am not sure it is orthodox. It is this, That the most effectual Way to get rid of a certain Temptation, is, as often as it returns, to comply with and Satisfy it. Pray instruct me how far, I may venture to practice upon this Principle?
But why should I be so scrupulous, when you have promised to absolve me of the future! Adieu, my charming Conductress, and believe me ever, with the sincerest Esteem and Affection, Your most obedient humble Servant.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Thomas O’Gorman, 10 March 1778
From: O’Gorman, Thomas, chevalier
To: Franklin, Benjamin

MonsieurA Tonnerre ce 10 mars 1778
A la garde de Dieu et conduite du Sieur Moreau voiturier de cette ville, vous recevrez, dans la journée de Lundi prochain la quantité de treize feuillettes de vin recolte 1775, dont six de rouge et une de blanc premiere cuvée toutes emballées, et six de rouge seconde cuvée sans être emballées, le tout bien soutiré et rempli à tirefonds, bondons rasés et rouannés, lesquelles treize feuillettes vous etant livrées bien conditionnées il vous plaira en donner decharge au voiturier et lui payer pour prix de sa voiture à raison de vingt quatre livres par chaque Muid composé de deux feuillettes et les petits droits de route dont il presentera les quittances. C’est de l’avis de Monsieur votre trés humble et trés obeissant serviteur
Le Chevalier O’Gorman

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Franklin / Maison de M. de Ray de Chaumont / a Passy
Three notations in different hands:

voiture
  156.

  droits
   2.1.7

  158.1.7

payé 162 l.t. / Passy March 10th 1778 Bill for hire of Voiture


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Emery, 11 March 1778
From: Emery, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Bilbao 11 March 1778
Capt. James Babson of the Privateer Brigantine General Mercer saild from hence in company with three other privateers for New England the 7th Instant. He has left his affairs here in my care and requested me before his departure to write you on the Subject of his prizes which he took and carried into Nantes which he has been Informed were restored to the former Proprietors in England.
He thinks and it appears to me with Justice that the Court of France have in that affair acted very arbitrarily and unfriendly in disposing of his Property without his consent and in a manner the most forreign to his wishes. They Undoubtedly have their political reasons for so doing but I cannot think they have Just reasons.
If they are Inclind to keep peace with England by force of Intrest it would at least be more Generous to purchase it with their own than with the Property of a few Private Armd Vessells. Therefore if that was their Motive in restoring the Captured Ships it is but reasonable they Should make some Compensation to Capn. Babson for the Loss he Sustains. Should they Incline to make him aney I have his Instructions for the disposal thereof for the Bennefit of the Concern’d. I have the Honor to be with the Greatest respect Sir your Most Obedient Servant
Jno Emery

If aney thing can be done in this affair pray direct A Dr. Juan Emery En Casa de Los Senrs. Don Joseph Gardoqui y Hijos Bilbao
Honbl. Benjamin Franklin Esqr. Passi

Addressed: Honourable Benjamin Franklin Esqr. / Passi / Parris
Notation: 11 March 78


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Mary Hewson, 11 March 1778
From: Hewson, Mary (Polly) Stevenson
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
Cheam near Epsom March. 11. 1778
My mother had the pleasure of receiving yours of the 11th. of Decr. but never could learn who the Bearer was, therefore could not comply with your request of returning an answer by him: A porter brought it to Mr. Barrows, and demanded a groat without saying whence he came. Immediately upon the receipt of that letter my mother went to Mr. Collinson’s, where she was informed the draft had never been offered for payment; strict inquiry has been made at the General Post Office, and at every other post Office whither there was the least probability of the packet’s being carried, but in vain, to our great mortification it could not be found.
Before that my mother received one from Temple, and a few days ago she was favoured with yours of the 5th. of February. No mention is made in any of them of your having received your sword, your white clothes, and the saddle you ordered, all which she sent by Mr. Petrie, with a very long letter to Temple, and the bill for the saddle with the receipt. She fears you have not received those things.
We have often had the pleasure of hearing of your welfare, which you are sensible we have much at heart. I thank you for your remembrance of me, and my children, and for the kind invitation you give, which would be a very high gratification to me to accept, were I able, but my affairs are no farther advanced towards a settlement than when I wrote last, consequently I have neither money nor time at command to undertake such a journey. My mother seems determined to visit you if her health and spirits permit. She has enjoyed both till lately that she has been indisposed with a cold, and is now apprehensive of having her leg bad again.
I took a small house in this place last midsummer, in which my mother and I with our little ones reside. The situation is healthy, the necessaries of life are not cheaper than in London, excepting our habitation, but as we live more retired, fewer things are necessary, consequently we spend less money.
We have few neighbours, and those few not social, excepting Mr. Bunny who married an elderly woman last year, and settled in his own house here; and lately I have had the acquisition of my old friend Pitt, with her husband and children, who now occupy a part of Mr. B.s house. She seems very happy, he makes her an excellent husband, and they have four fine children, two of each sort.
I have lost my sister Falconar. I am sure you will pay the tribute of a sigh, for you knew her amiableness. About a fortnight ago I was in town and called upon Dr. Ingenhousz, who admitted me to his literary apartment, where we chatted upon various subjects, old and new; at some we sighed, I do not recollect any at which we much rejoiced except your health.
Do me the favour to present my compliments to Madlle. Bieheron when you see her. My daughter and I are much obliged to her for the elegant ornaments she sent by Mr. Morgan. He has been dangerously ill, which prevented my seeing him, therefore I know not to whom I am indebted for a print he left with my sister for me, if you know present my thanks to the donor. I have attempted a translation of the four lines, which perhaps I may send you some other time. At present you see I have no room. I must squeeze in our love to Temple and little Benjamin. Adieu. Your affectionate humble Servant
M H

If when you are with M. Dubourg you have a moment not more agreeably filled up, you may give him an assurance of my respectful remembrance. Things encrease in value by being transported from one country to another, therefore I hope the compliments of an insignificant English woman may be worth something when they arrive at Paris.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur François / chez Monsr Chaumont / a Passey / pres de / Paris Postpd
Endorsed: Polly Hewson


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from William Lee, 11 March 1778
From: Lee, William
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir.
Chaillot 11 March 1778.
In your favour dated the 6th instant which you did me the honour of delivering in person last night, you are pleased to tell me that my proposition about appointing Agents in the Ports shall be layed before the Commissioners when they meet. ‘Tis now five days since I wrote to the Commissioners on that subject and am sorry they have not in that time found ten leisure Minutes to answer my Letter, on business in which I conceive the Public to be much interested.
You add, that in looking over mine of the 2d. instant you observe an expression that you do not like, which is this, “I am always willing to submit my Judgement to yours and will therefore deliver the Trunk.” You continue, “This implies that I had advised the delivery of the Trunk to me, which you complyed with contrary to your own Judgement.” My conduct afterwards proves so clearly my meaning, that implication is unnecessary to show that I understood the proposition in that light, as I acted accordingly.
I went to Nantes to take possession of Mr. Thos. Morris’s papers, as being his late colleague in the Commercial Agency, not only under the sanction and approbation of the Commissioners, but by their advice; with very great inconvenience to myself.
When I got there, Mr. John Ross tho’t proper, (tho’ I am sure totally unauthorized) verbally, and by a Letter, which you have read, to prohibit my executeing the public business which Had been intrusted to my care. Judgeing, from what I had before experienced (and the issue has proved that my Judgement was right) how much countenance Mr. Ross would receive here, I tho’t it adviseable to have the papers seal’d up, as deliver’d to me, and to bring them to Paris; that in presence of the Commissioners as the Representatives of America in France, those relative to the Public concerns might be taken out and those of a Private nature left in their hands until some person properly authorized should appear to demand them.
On my arrival here I gave the Commissioners an account of my proceedings, and also of the unjustifiable behaviour of Mr. Ross; proposeing at the same time, that they should see the Public papers taken out as before mention’d. This was not only agreed to, but yourself, Mr. Lee and Mr. Izard attended for that purpose, when the business was postpon’d, by Mr. Deane’s being prevented from attending by an unforeseen accident which occasion’d a delay of some days. I had return’d about 8 days and never heard any objection made to this Mode, until a letter to the Commissioners from Mr. John Ross was recd.; which tho’ in my opinion highly deserving of very severe censure, was not only indirectly approved of by you, but that Censure transfer’d to my Conduct.
You then thought proper to refuse absolutely to proceed in the manner before agreed on, and pointed out another which I complyed with, anxiously wishing to avoid disputes of every kind, and the imputation of censure from every individual.
I have now done my Public Duty in one department, as far as I was permitted, by a conduct that appears to me utterly unaccountable, and am about to proceed on another; but I can’t take my leave without observing, that instead of receiving that aid and assistance which I had a right to expect, I have met with every embarrassment that cou’d be possibly thrown in my way. I have the Honour to be, with the greatest Respect Sir Your most Obedient and most Humble Servant
W: Lee
Honble Benjamin Franklin Esqr.

Addressed: To / The Honble Benjamin Franklin Esqr / Passy
Notation: W. Lee to BF. 11. March 1778


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to [William Alexander], 12 March 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Alexander, William

This letter is interesting both for its sidelight on past history, the Stamp Act, and because it was the prelude to one more British effort to negotiate through Franklin. He is commenting on a passage in a pamphlet, which Alexander had passed on to him, by William Johnstone Pulteney. The author, a wealthy member of Parliament and Alexander’s correspondent and business associate, had been trying for a year and more to induce the government to approach Franklin. In December his offer to do so himself had been rejected, and in early March he went to Paris on his own initiative. Alexander probably furnished Franklin with the pamphlet to pave the way for a meeting of his two friends. It took place on or about the 15th. Peace might be had on equal terms, Franklin said, and he believed that the commissioners were empowered to treat. On the 19th Alexander wrote Pulteney, in the Doctor’s presence, that conciliation was still possible. This was enough for the would-be emissary, who hurried back to England to obtain official proposals. He presumably took with him the original of this letter, which he later said had been given him by a Gentleman in Paris.

Dear Sir,Passy March 12: 1778
In the pamphlets you were so kind as to lend me there is one important fact mis-stated apparently from the writer’s not having been furnished with good information, it is the transaction between Mr. Grenville and the Colonies wherein he understands that Mr. Grenville demanded of them a specific sum, that they refused to grant any thing, and that it was on their refusal only that he made the motion for the Stamp act. No one of these particulars is true. The fact was this.
Some time in the winter of 1763–4 Mr. Grenville called together the agents of the several colonies, and told them that he purposed to draw a revenue from America, and to that end his intention was to levy a stamp duty on the Colonies by act of parliament in the ensuing session, of which he thought it fit that they should be immediately acquainted, that they might have time to consider, and if any other duty equally productive would be more agreeable to them, they might let him know it. The Agents were therefore directed to write this to their respective Assemblies, and communicate to him the answers they should receive: the agents wrote accordingly.
I was a member in the Assembly of Pennsylvania, when this notification came to hand. The observations there made upon it were, that the ancient established and regular method of drawing aids from the Colonies was this. The occasion was always first considered by their sovereign in his privy council, by whose sage advice, he directed his secretary of state to write circular letters to the several Governors who were directed to lay them before their Assemblies. In those letters the occasion was explained for their satisfaction with gracious expressions of his majesty’s confidence in their known duty and affection, on which he relied that they would grant such sums as should be suitable to their abilities loyalty and zeal for his service. That the Colonies had always granted liberally on such requisitions, and so liberally during the late war, that the king sensible they had granted much more than their proportion, had recommended it to parliament five years successively to make them some compensation, and the parliament accordingly returned them £200.000 a year to be divided among them. That the proposition of taxing them in parliament was therefore both cruel and unjust. That by the constitution of the Colonies their business was with the King in matters of aid, they had nothing to do with any financier, nor he with them; nor were the agents the proper channels through which requisitions should be made; it was therefore improper for them to enter into any stipulation, or make any proposition to Mr. Grenville about laying taxes on their constituents by parliament, which had really no right at all to tax them, especially as the notice he had sent them did not appear to be by the King’s order and perhaps was without his knowledge; as the King when he would obtain any thing from them, always accompanied his requisition with good words, but this gentleman instead of a decent demand sent them a menace, that they should certainly be taxed, and only left them the choice of the manner. But all this notwithstanding they were so far from refusing to grant money that they resolved to the following purpose: “that they always had, so they also should think it their duty to grant aid to the crown, according to their abilities, whenever required of them in the usual constitutional manner.” I went soon after to England, and took with me an authentic copy of this resolution, which I presented to Mr. Grenville before he brought in the Stamp Act. I asserted in the House of Commons (Mr. Grenville being present) that I had done so, and he did not deny it. Other colonies made similar resolutions. And had Mr. Grenville instead of that act applied to the King in Council for such requisitional Letters to be circulated by the secretary of state, I am sure he would have obtained more money from the Colonies by their voluntary grants than he himself expected from his stamps. But he chose compulsion rather than persuasion, and would not receive from their good will what he thought he could obtain without it. And thus the Golden Bridge which the ingenious author thinks the Americans unwisely and unbecomingly refused to hold out to the minister and parliament, was actually held out to them, but they refused to walk over it. This is the true history of that transaction; and as it is probable there may be another edition of that excellent pamphlet, I wish this may be communicated to the candid author who I doubt not will correct that error. I am ever, with sincere esteem Dear Sir Your most obedient humble servant,
B Franklin


Title: John Ross to the American Commissioners, 12 March 1778
From: Ross, John
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Honorable Gentlemen
Nantes 12th March 1778
I did myself the honour to address you on the 26th. and 28 Ultimo. Being since without the favour of any of Your’s, Permit me to repeat my request of being informed by you Honorable Gentlemen What has been done with those books and papers carryed off from hence by Mr. Wm. Lee. Yesterday I heard, and not before, of a very timely precaution he took on the day of his departure, of geting Mr. Blake and Mr. Lloyde of So. Carolina, to put both their Seals on the trunk, as if it had never been touched by him, no doubt to impose on the Commissioners as taking the liberty to carry off the whole. With this litle Subterfuge, had he but succeeded in his application to those Gentlemen and Mr. Geo. Redhead in the certificate applied for, after a previous four days private examination of all those papers of both a Public and private Nature, it woud add to the farce, and probably derive a temporary satisfaction from his own Sagacity and Prudence.
The Henrietta Brown being detained long in Nantes River by Contrary winds, was prevented from Joining the Convoy. The Captain however embraceing the first fair wind took his departure from St. Nazer on the morning of 3d Inst. and hope may be fortunate to get clear of those Seas and safe, the winds proveing favourable ever since. I sent orders to stop him untill I heard from you, but my letter’s come too late. Therefore whatever happen’s, I have the Satisfaction in my own breast, that nothing has been ommited on my part in the execution and dispatch of the business.
Last post brought me the inclosed Copy’s of the Honble. Arthur Lee’s letters, wrote by him to spain. Haveing accordingly Proofe therefrom of his undetermined opinion in regard to the Purchase of half the Cutter Revenge, made by Mr. Hodge and me, I hope the Honble. Commissioners will not keep this business any longer in a State of uncertainty. I wish only to conduct every concern of mine openly and fairly, as the surest and best way to gaurd against disputes. Nor have I a desire for any kind of bargain (however favourable the prospect) which may lead to after altercations or reflections. I have the honour to be with particular Respect Honorable Gentlemen Your very obedient Servant
Jno. Ross
The Honourable Commissioner’s Benj: Franklin S: Deane & A Lee Esqrs

Notations: [in John Adams’ hand] Mr. Ross 12 March 1778 [in Arthur Lee’s hand] This letter was not shewn to me. June 26th. 1778


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Peter Le Poole, 12 March 1778: résumé
From: Le Poole, Peter
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Amsterdam, March 12, 1778, in English: I have just learned that inquiries have been made of you from here about whether I am a Congressional agent, and that you have answered that I am not but have connections with Virginia merchants. I send copies of two certificates, from the Governors of North Carolina and Virginia, given me before I left Charleston. I returned here seven months ago and notified my friends via St. Eustatius, but have had no reply. Might I send future letters in your care, and ask to have any forwarded to me that arrive via the French colonies? The enclosed to the Right Hon. Henry Laurens, President of Congress, will tell you who I am; he and I have traveled together in America, England, and the Netherlands. Last December I sent back to Charleston the brigantine on which I arrived, with a cargo that is much in demand. Would you inquire of her if any vessels arrive from that part of the world (the Batavier, Samuel Downing master)? Also for the brigantine Amsterdam bound for Holland, John Moncrief, which was building when I left Charleston and of which I am half-owner? The post office knows my address.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 12 March 1778
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear and honored Sir,
Nantes March 12 1778.
As Mr. Chaumonts Servant is here I embrace the opportunity to convey to you two of your Bankers Books which I found among my papers.
I impatiently wait to hear from you relative the subject of my last.
I have no news but am very respectfully and affectionately Your dutifull kinsman
J Williams
I have not yet a word from Mr. Chaumont—is it not surprising?


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Arthur Lee, 13 March 1778
From: Lee, Arthur
To: Franklin, Benjamin

This note and Franklin’s reply, which follows, must have been exchanged in the early hours, for later the same morning Lee called on his friend Lauraguais and told him that the commissioners were withholding the news of Deane’s recall until official confirmation arrived. As early as the 6th Deane himself had heard that he was called home in order, it was said, to give Congress an account of the European situation. He sensed at once that this was the work of his enemies, and hesitated to start before he had more information. Franklin advised him to leave at once, so that he might counter the machinations of the British commissioners in America. Chaumont advised him the other way: his hasty departure might shake American credit in Europe. Deane hesitated to go unless with a French squadron; he had no desire to be captured by the enemy while under attack at home.

Dear Sir
Challiot March 13th. 1778
I have been told that there is news of Congress having recalld one of us from this Court. If any intelligence has been receivd of it, at Passi; I beg the favor of its being communicated to me. I have the honor to be with great respect Dear Sir Your Most Obedient Servant
Arthur Lee

Addressed: To The Honble / Benjn Franklin Esqr. / a / Passi


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Arthur Lee, 13 March 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Lee, Arthur

Dear Sir
Passy, Mar. 13. 1778
I have been told that some Passengers landed at Orient from an American Ship, report, that Mr. Adams is coming out to replace Mr. Deane; but I have received no Advice of that kind from Congress, and suppose that, if true, he will bring their Orders with him. I have the honour to be Sir Your most obedient humble Servant
B Franklin
Honble A. Lee, Esqr

Addressed: The honourable / Arthur Lee Esqr / Chaillot
Endorsed: March 13. 1778 not heard officially of Mr. Deane’s recal


Title: Dumas to the American Commissioners, 13 March 1778
From: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

The intelligence reports that make up all but the conclusion of this letter are interesting enough to be printed in full, as a sample of the news that the commissioners received from their principal informant in the Netherlands. He is here supplying every possible tidbit of information because Europe was in crisis: aside from the approaching war between France and Britain, two others threatened. One was Austro-Prussian. The agreement over Bavaria the previous January, between the Emperor and the Elector Palatine, broke down when it was protested by the latter’s heir presumptive, the duc de Deux-Ponts, with the support of Prussia, which was ready to fight to prevent an accretion of Austrian territory in the south. The other was Russo-Turkish. The Moslem inhabitants of the Crimea had expelled their ruler; he was a Russian puppet, and military intervention seemed likely. The Turks, for religious and political reasons, feared any extension of Russian influence in the peninsula. War threatened, and France traditionally supported the Porte. Neither controversy developed into a general war, but both looked dangerous that spring.

La haie, 13e Mars 1778
Traduction d’une Lettre Allemande qu’on m’a écrite de Hambourg, du 6e Mars 1778.
Mon correspondant de Berlin m’écrit, en date du 3 de ce mois, ce qui suit. “Je ne vous ai pas écrit de quelques ordinaires, à cause de l’abondance des bruits, et de leur diversité. Nous vivons ici dans une conjoncture, où tous ceux qui appartiennent, ou prétendent appartenir au grand monde, se vantent de savoir des secrets importants. Si j’avois voulu écrire tout ce qui se répandoit, j’aurois rempli plusieurs feuilles de nouvelles du jour, pour en révoquer la plus grande partie le lendemain. Mais pour ce que je vous marque aujourd’hui, vous pouvez assez vous y fier.
La Cour d’Autriche se montre présentement disposée à laisser examiner juridiquement la prise de possession en Baviere: elle se plaint du malheur qu’il y auroit, que cette prise de possession troublât l’amitié entre elle et la Cour de Prusse; et elle cherche à endormir le Roi par des complimens et des phrases. Mais le Roi a déclaré brievement, qu’il ne souhaitoit lui-même autre chose, sinon que la Maison d’Autriche veuille faire examiner légalement ses droits, et s’en tenir à la décision d’un Juge compétent; mais qu’avant un tel examen, les Troupes Autrichiennes doivent préalablement tout évacuer, parce qu’il ne convient pas de paroître devant le Juge avec l’Epée tirée. On doute généralement, que la Maison d’Autriche puisse se résoudre à cette évacuation; et en ne le faisant point, il y aura guerre: car on sait qu’autrement le Roi ne sauroit passer à la Maison d’Autriche cette démarche, ni la lésion de la Paix de Westphalie qu’elle a causée. Tous ceux qui sont absents avec congé, doivent se trouver le 30 de ce mois à 4 heures après midi à leurs régimens; et celui qui n’y sera pas à point nommé, sera traité comme Déserteur. Tel est l’Ordre, que j’ai lu moimême. Autrement ceux qui étoient en congé, étoient appellés pour la revue annuelle dès le 18e; et comme ils sont maintenant demandés plus tard, c’est un signe que ce n’est point pour un simple exercice qu’on veut les avoir. On dit aussi qu’il y a des ordres, pour qu’ils n’emportent rien de chez eux, que ce qu’il faut pour leur équipage, afin de ne pas augmenter le bagage. En Silésie et en Prusse, les absens avec congé ne sont appellés ordinairement aux Manoeuvres annuelles qu’en Août et Septembre; cette année ils devront aussi se tenir prêts à marcher avec la fin de Mars. Vous savez d’ailleurs, par les gazettes, que les préparatifs de guerre sont trés sérieux ici: mais vous savez aussi, que les Autrichiens, de leur côté, ne sont pas moins occupés à se préparer à tout évenement. Je vous promets d’autres nouvelles par le courier prochain.”

Traduction abregée des Dépêches des Ministres de la Rep. Envoyé Heide. Vienne date 21 fev. reçue 9 Mars.

Les Couriers vont et viennent toujours; mais il ne transpire rien de leurs Dépêches.

Envoyé Degenfeld Vienne date 21e fev. reçue 9 Mars
Couriers, comme ci-dessus. Continuation de préparatifs, comme à Berlin. Quoiqu’on ait cru la guerre entre les Russes et les Turcs inévitable, quelques uns croient pourtant qu’elle ne sera pas déclarée formellement entre les deux puissances; mais que chacune se contentera de soutenir de son côté le parti qu’il a dans la Crimée, sans commettre des hostilités les uns contre les autres ailleurs.

Amb[assadeu]r Berkenrode, Paris 26 fev., reçue le 4 Mars.
Selon les derniers avis de Constantinople, les choses n’y sont point sur un pied avantageux, et l’espérance d’un accommodement entre la Russie et la Porte s’évanouit peu à peu. Cette nouvelle n’est guere agréable ici, où l’on voudroit bien conserver la paix dans ces quartiers-là.

Ministre Hop. Bruxelles date 15 Mars reçue 29 do.
Hier, vers midi, arriva ici un Courier de Vienne par Paris à Son Alt. Roy. le Prince Gouverneur Gén.; qui là-dessus fit appeller d’abord le Prince premier-Ministre, le Secrétaire d’Etat au département de la guerre, et le Marquis de Voghera commandant en chef les troupes Imperiales en ces quartiers. Ces Messieurs resterent longtemps dans le cabinet. Il y a des gens qui, jugeant des physionomies de certaines personnes, pensent que les dépêches apportées ne sont pas des plus agréables.

Envoyé de Weldern, Londres, date 27 fevr. et 4 Mars, reçue 3 Mars et 9 do.
Deux longues Lettres qui ne disent pas mieux que les gazettes. Banqueroute d’un Nouaille, Manufacturier en soieries pour une somme considerable; item, de la Maison Chauvert, pour £150,000 St.

Ministre Saurin, Lisbonne date 10 [20?] fev. reçue 9 Mars
On a déjà eu plusieurs conférences avec l’Amiral Man, qui est ici, sur l’affaire du Cap. Elphinston: on ne doute pas qu’il ne soit donné satisfaction à la Cour, et que tout ne soit accommodé.

J’ai encore une Dépêche curieuse de Stockholm à vous traduire, Messieurs, mais qui ne presse pas.
Il ne me reste qu’un moment avant le depart de la poste, pour vous prier de me dire ce que je dois répondre, si l’on me questionne encore sur Mr. J. P. Merkle et son entreprise; comme aussi à mes amis d’Amsterdam sur les directions qu’ils me demandent, et les propositions qu’ils font quant à leur souscription de 100,000 florins.
Je reçois dans ce moment la Lettre de Mr. Wm. Lee en date du 8e. Je ferai ce qu’il desire. Je le remercie de ses bonnes nouvelles. Vous les verrez dans la Gazette. J’aurois bien voulu avoir votre Boston gazette nouvellement reçue. Il y a sans doute d’autres bonnes choses pour le public. I am in great haste Dear Sirs yr. most respectfull servant.
D.

J’espere, Messieurs, que vous avez bien reçu mes deux dernieres du 3 et 6 Mars sous le même couvert que celle-ci, et que vous approuvez que je me serve de cette voie, puisque Mr. Grand est votre Banquier, comme Mr. A. Lee me l’a marqué précedemment.

Notation: Dumas 13 March 1778


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Harmon Courter, 13 March 1778
From: Courter, Harmon
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
March 13th 1778
I received your packet Dated 20 Feby. of Messr. Leogene & Co. And paid him the postege Agreable to your Order. After seting out of Paris I got in burdoe [Bordeaux] in 3½ Days and the Carrage faild by the way Wich we was Detaind About 6 hours by it. And we Was Oblige to get Another Carrage wich Detaind us Obought 4 hours and Then We Set Out for byone [Bayonne] And Our Carrage faild Again but we arived in 1½ Day At byone And took Another C[arriage] and Proseaded for Corogne [Coruña] in Spain. After 2 Days we [were] Obliged to Leave the Carrage and bake [take] the Mul[es the] Roads being So bad and So much Snoe On the Moun[tains] We scarce Could Pase. The Snoe Was About 6 or 7 feet Deape but got in Corogne in 17 Days in the hole Time Continhu Snoeing And Raining but the Last 2 Days it Cleare up And Very Cold. The Courer brought me to the french Counsele and he informed Me the frigit had Arived 6 Days Agoe And the people Verey in Quisited to No My Bisnes And the General [illegible] asked Me What Maid Me Come Withe the Courer. I told him That I met him On the Road from Paris Goeing to burdo And I kepe Along With him And As I found the Ship had Saild Sume Time Agoe that I was to Take A passage in for Boston I was informed that Se Was gone to forrogn [Ferrol] Near Corogne And he Was fully Sadisfy. This Eaving I shall Embark On board in Disgise that No Man Shall No Ware [know where] I am gone. Messrs. Leogene Rendere Me All the Sarvis that I want And Maid his house My Home. Mr. Leogene informed that Capt. Cunningham Mr. hoge Was at Bilbo and he Expected him At Corogne. And now I conklude My Respect to you With helth and all your Undertaking and So I remain Your Most Humble Sarvant
Harmon Courter

Notations: Hermon Courter d’Espagne Mars 13 78 / Harman Courter. Mars 13. 1778


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from William Strahan, 13 March 1778
From: Strahan, William
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
London March 13. 1778
I am very glad to be able to renew our long interrupted Correspondence, by sending you the inclosed Acts, which are just past here, by and in consequence of which you will find all Grounds of Complaints from the Colonies against Britain effectually removed. The Commissioners to be sent from hence, if I am rightly informed, are Lord Carlisle; Mr. Eden, and your old Friend Mr. Jackson, whose Integrity, Knowledge of Business, and good Disposition towards the Interests of America you are well acquainted with, and who, you may be assured, at his time of Life, and with his ample Fortune, would have hardly embarked in this Service, did he not think there was a reasonable Prospect of accomplishing the great Object in View, a thorough, cordial, and permanent Reconciliation.

It would be equally absurd and fruitless for me to enter into Particulars. The Subject in all its Branches and in all its Consequences, you are infinitely better acquainted with than I can be, who know nothing but what every body knows, and who, with many others, can only lament the Havock and Desolation this unfortunate Quarrel hath occasioned. All that I pretend to is Good Intention and Veracity. These, I trust, from our long and intimate Acquaintance, you will not deny me. Be assured then, that I embrace the very first Opportunity of sending you the inclosed Acts, with an eager Desire that if you think they are adequate, if you think they are ample and sufficient Ground for a Treaty, and if you think a Reconciliation is yet in any Manner practicable, you would step forth and take the Lead in a Transaction so truly glorious, and so pregnant with Happiness to Millions. Believe me too, that I write this without the Knowledge or Privity of any Mortal (a mutual Friend of ours only excepted) as much with a view, and as sincerely wishing that you may be the chief and foremost Instrument in restoring Peace; as I wish Peace itself, which from the bottom of my Heart I am desirous of. Believe me farther that as far as I can gather and learn from every Quarter (and I proceed upon Grounds that fully convince myself) you have no Reason to entertain the least Jealousy of Lord North and the rest of the present Ministry, who mean Peace and Reconciliation as sincerely and upon as generous Terms as you yourself, (if new Situations have not totally altered your Ideas) could wish for, in spite of all Appearances, and of much wicked Pains that hath been taken to make the World believe otherwise.
After all, I cannot but still flatter myself that the Disposition to reunite, so natural to People, who come from one common Stock, speaking the same Language, governed by the same Laws, professing the same Religion, and whose Commercial Interests are really so much interwoven with one another, will now be found to be mutual and ardent, in opposition to all other Connexions, which however they may seem to serve a present Purpose, will soon be found to be unnnatural, and ill suited to the Ideas entertained by free British Subjects and peculiar indeed to those who have early imbibed the Principles, and are sensible of the Happiness of our excellent Constitution.
Let me only add, that as our Notions of our Brethren in America are lately much altered, I may rather say rectified, there is, in my Opinion, the fairest Prospect imaginable, when Amity is once restored, of seeing our Union more cordial, more complete, more beneficial, and more satisfactory to both Sides, than ever, which will be daily gaining additional Strength, if farther Strength it needs, from a due Sense of the Assistance and Protection we must necessarily communicate to each other.
I hope to have the Pleasure of hearing from you with your first Leisure; and am, with a lively Remembrance of old Friendship, Dear Sir Your affectionate and obedient Servant
Will: Strahan
Dr. Franklin

Notation: 1778. Mars 13.


Title: Jonathan Williams, Jr., to the American Commissioners, 14 March 1778
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Honorable Gentlemen
Nantes March 14. 1778
I am still without any of your Favours which gives me much uneasiness the importance of several of my last being very considerable. I am again informed by Mr. Grand that my Bills remain unapproved which I am sure must be only owing to the hurry of Business, but I beg you to attend to it, as Delay may hurt the Credit of my Paper. I have the honour to be very respectfully Honorable Gentlemen Your obedient Servant
J Williams

Addressed: The Hon The Commrs of / the United States
Notation: Jon Williams Nantes March 14. 78


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 14 March 1778
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear and honored Sir
Nantes March 14. 1778.
I have recvd. your Favor of the 2d Instant recommending Mr. Fontevieux, who waits to hear from Paris to obtain Mr. Montieu’s Permission to embark in the Duchesse de Grammont.
I hear to day that Mr. Deane is recalled, and it is told as matter of Joy by those who seem best informed on the Subject; This Circumstance cannot affect me as to what relates to myself, because I endeavour to keep myself ready for examination at any time; but as I have been considered the person brought into action by Mr. Dean, ill natured Reflections may perhaps be made by his Enemies. If so, I trust these Freinds I honour and esteem will not allow their minds to be prejudiced against me, and I rely on your Freindship in not permitting any such Insinuation to be a Secret from me, for I value my Reputation equal with my life, and hope I shall always be able to support it with honour. I am ever Your dutifull and affectionate Kinsman
J Williams J

’Tis Strange I have no Account from Mr. C. I have not yet recvd. your answer to several of my last on interesting Subjects.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsr Franklin LLD / a / Passy


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Courtney Melmoth, 15 March 1778
From: Melmoth, Courtney
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir.
Hotel D’Orleans, 15 March. 1778
Some few Days ago the Bearer, (Monsieur Monié) was recommended to me by a friend who sent with him the inclos’d card. He proves himself a man of singular ingenuity by those Portraits he will have the pleasure to shew you, and I hope your judgment upon them will tally with that which your grandson was pleas’d to pass on them yesterday. If that is the Case I shall have reason to congratulate myself upon being the Instrument of introducing a patriotic Artist to the Attention of so amiable a Protector as Dr. Franklin. Agreeable to the tenor of the Inclos’d Billet, Mrs. Melmoth would have accompanied Mr. Monié, but she is unluckily prevented this pleasure by Indisposition. I am Sir Your most obedient Servant
Courtney Melmoth

Addressed: To Dr: Franklin / At Passi


Title: The American Commissioners to Jonathan Williams, Jr., 16 March 1778
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Williams, Jonathan Jr.

Sir
Paris 16th March 1778
The quantity of Stores you have on hand and the difficulty you find in shipping them induces us to accept of Mr. Monthieus proposal of taking his Goods out of the Mercury and loading intirely with the Stores of the public. Mr. Montieu has made that offer taking the same rate of Freight for the whole as was agreed for the quantity actually loaded already. We shall not be able to see Mr. Monthieu before the Post goes to Day, but shall be able to write you particularly by Wednesdays post. We are &c.
BFSD
Mr Williams


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Henricus Godet, 16 March 1778
From: Godet, Henricus
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Amstd. March 16th. 1778
I have the pleasure in Speaking With our Merchants, Who are very desirous of Seeing you or any Gentlemen in your Situation, in holland, assuring you the utmost Tranquility and Sureity, and Will Gladly Embrace the opportunity in introducing you to our principal Leaders att Court. I am Clear itt will attend to Mutual Service and publick good; itts Needless to Enlarge, as you are a fitter Judge. Excuse my freedom; and believe itt to arise from a Natural Veneration. I have the honour to be, When pleas to Command Sir Your most Obedient Humble Servant
Henricus Godet

PS. Should think proper to Write me please to adress to Mr. G[uillaum]e Bourcourt att Amstd.

Addressed: To / The Hbl:. . . . Franklin / att / Passy
Notations in different hands: H. Goddett Amst / Mr. h. Godet. / 16. mars 1778.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Arthur Lee, 16 March 1778
From: Lee, Arthur
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir,
Challiot March 16th 1778
A Gentleman has ask’d particulars of me about a Packet which he says he understood from you was to sail soon with our Dispatches. Nothing having communicated to me on that subject; I beg the favor of you to inform me whether it is so with the name of the vessel, when and from whence she will sail. I have the honor to be with great respect dear Sir Your most Obedient Servant
Arthur Lee


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Courtney Melmoth, 16 March 1778
From: Melmoth, Courtney
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Hotel D’Orleans 16. March. 1778
The Gentleman who desires to communicate his Ideas on the subjects of Powder and Saltpetre is now recover’d from his late Illness, and is the bearer of this Note, in Company with his friend.
I am not in a Capacity to judge how far his real Merits keep pace with his Professions, but in the bare hope of his being able to make good his Pretensions I have endeavour’d to procure him an Interview. I am Sir Your most obedient Servant
Courtney Melmoth


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Arthur Lee, 17 March 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Lee, Arthur

Dear Sir,
Passy, March 17. 1778.
One of the Messrs: Beaumarin’s of Bourdeaux some time since told me they intended to send a Packet every Month to America, on their own Account, they having great Concerns there. He offer’d indeed to carry our Dispatches; but as at this Distance we could not know the Captains, nor the Degree of Confidence that might be placed in them, and having other Conveyances, I have not yet seen Occasion to make use of that Offer. These are the Packets I mentioned to the Gentleman, as likely to afford him the Convenience of a Passage; and he understood more than I said to him, when he imagined there was “a Packet to sail soon with our Dispatches.” I know of no such thing proposed; and certainly if it had been proposed by me or with my knowledge, I should have acquainted you with it.
A Gentleman lately arrived from Boston, has presented for Acceptance Bills drawn on us by Mr. Hancock as President of the Congress for about 180,000 Livres. I have also received a Letter mentioning that other Bills are drawn on us by Mr. Lawrence the present President, of which an Account is promised in a future Letter, this not giving the Amount, but only directing us to accept them when they appear. The 180,000 Livres is an old Debt contracted by our Army in Canada, and not for Interest of Money. What the others are I know not; and I cannot conceive what Encouragement the Congress could have had from any of us, to draw on us for any thing but that Interest. I suppose their Difficulties have compelled them to it. I see we shall be distress’d here by these Proceedings; and I want to consult with you about the means of Paying the Bills. If you will name an hour when you shall be at leisure to Day, I will call upon you. I have the honour to be with great Respect Sir, Your most obedient humble Servant
B Franklin
Honble A. Lee Esqr.

Notation: March 17. 1778


Title: Dumas to the American Commissioners, 17 March 1778
From: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Paris aux mêmes
Lahaie 17e Mars 1778
Envoyé la Dépêche de Stockholm, sur l’établissement des fabriques de Lames, etc. et l’importante Lettre allemande de Berlin 10e Mars, traduite.


Title: Jno. Walke to the American Commissioners, 17 March 1778
From: Walke, Jno.
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Sirs
Bourdeaux 17th. March 1778
I have the Misfortune to Inform you that the Dispute Between Mr. B. and my Self was only Determind 15th Inst. After a Detention here of three Months and upwards. The Determination of the Parliment was that I had Leave to Depart Bourdeaux with my Vessell and Each party to pay for what Ever Expence we have been at for the Sute which has made the Matter faull Very Weighty on me. Mr. B. haveing more Intrust in Bourdeaux than my Self and I being an Intire Stranger made the matter go Greatly against me, have been Advis’d by Mr. Bondfeld and Mr. Delap to Send you my power of Attorny to Carry the Sute on Against B. If you think there is any Prospect of Recovering Damages, Mr. Delap will Send you the Differant Depositions and other Papers that is Requiset. I Believe the Matter Would have Gone in my Favr. had it not been for the Attorney General, who was Very Invetread againt me. Shall Leave Bourdeaux in a Day or two Gentlemen Your Most Obedient humble Servant
Jno. Walke
Honorable Benjamin Franklin Silas Dean & Arthur Lee Esqrs

Addressed: To / The Honorable Benjamin Franklin, / Silas Deane & Arthur Lee Esqr / Plenipotentiaries from the Thirteen / United States of America / at the Court of Versailles
Notation: Walke 17 March 1778 Reced. open from Dr. Franklin AL


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Madame Brillon, [17 March? 1778]
From: Brillon de Jouy, Anne-Louise Boivin d’Hardancourt
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Ce mardi matin [March 17?, 1778]
Mon chér papa, monsieur l’abbé de st. non m’a chargé de vous envoyer sa gravure, il prétend qu’elle aura un mérite de plus, offérte des mains de l’amitié; je lui sçais gré de cétte refléction, et de l’occasion qu’il me donne de vous assurér de l’attachement le plus tendre et le plus sincére.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Houstoun, 17 March 1778
From: Houstoun, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Savannah in Georgia 17th. March 1778.
Having the Honor to act as Governor of this State I take the Liberty of addressing you upon a Case of a most singular Nature. Mr. OBrien a Gentleman of this State had a Son, whose Name is William, at Smith’s Academy, Stoke Newington, about six Miles from London, at School, under the Charge of one Mr. William Telfair an American Merchant resident in London. A Report prevails here, which seems to be too well authenticated, that this young Gentleman has been by some Means or other trepan’d or forced on Board of a Man of War in the Thames and is there detained a Prisoner.
The Parents are much afflicted by the Account, and cannot find out the Name of the Ship in which their Son is. They have therefore requested of me to make application to you on the Subject, and in the most earnest Manner to solicit that you will be pleased to use every Means in your Power to find out how this Matter stands, and if possible to effect an Exchange of the young Gentleman if he has by any Means been made a Prisoner. The State will engage to furnish one in Exchange for him to be delivered to the most convenient Britanic Officer. I have the Honor to be with the greatest Respect, Sir Your most Obedient Servant
John Houstoun

Endorsed: John Houstoun Georgia Young Bryan
Notation: March 17. 1778


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Edward Bridgen, 18 March 1778
From: Bridgen, Edward
To: Franklin, Benjamin

March 18 1778
Your Excellency I hope will excuse my breaking in upon your full employ’d time, by requesting your leave to introduce to your acquaintance Monsieur Garnier Secretary to the french Embassy to this Court, who wishes for the honour of being known to the greatest Man living.
I have had the honour of a strict intimacy with this Gentleman for many years I therefore can assure you Sir that he is a Gentleman of great Merit and the strictest honour and whose abilities have done credit to his Employers.
I need not add more to entitle him to your Excellency’s attention and politeness. Wishing you Sir every good, in which Mrs B. joines, I beg leave to subscribe myself, Your Excellency’s obliged and obedient Servant
Edward Bridgen
His Excellency Benjn: Franklin

Notation: E Bridgeden


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Madame Brillon, [18 March 1778]
From: Brillon de Jouy, Anne-Louise Boivin d’Hardancourt
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Ce mercredi a une heure [March 18, 1778]
Mon papa, on dit si haut que nous sommes les amis des amériquains, que je commence a croire que cela est aussi vrai qu’il est sure que pérsonne au monde ne vous aime plus que moi.
Voila douze gravures de l’abbé de st. non, qu’il me charge de vous envoyér pour les donnér a vos amis en amérique, ou a quelques uns de vos amis de paris.
Je suis faché de n’éstre pas millitaire un an seulement pour allér battre les anglois; car tout bien considéré, j’aime mieux au total estre fémme.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur franklin le pére / A Passy


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 18 March 1778
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear and Honored Sir
Nantes March 18. 1778
The Bearers Capt. Dun and Mr. Curlis have lately arrived here from Georgia, and may possibly give you some Information relative to the affairs of our Country.
I beg leave to recommend them to your civilities and am with the greatest Respect most dutifully and affectionately Yours
J Williams J

Addressed: A monsieur / Monsieur Franklin / LLD / a / Passy


Title: Michel Lagoanere & Cie. to Silas Deane, 18 March 1778
From: Lagoanere, Michel, & Cie.
To: Deane, Silas

Monsieur
La Corogne le 18 mars 1778
Nous avons reçu les lettres que vous nous avés fait l’honneur de nous ecrire le 2 Xbre, 20 janvier, 17 et 20 fevrier dernier. M. hodge nous a remis la premiere dans une des siennes de Bilbao ou nous croyons qu’il est encore. Vous verrés Monsieur par la coppie cy-inclus des deux lettres que nous lui avons ecrit au dit lieu qu’aprés vos ordres et ceux qu’il nous a donné, nous avons fait remise des 7230 pres [piastres] fortes 2 r[eaux] 28 mrs. von. [maravedis vellon] dont nous vous avions crédité. Vous y verrés également ce que nous lui disons relativement aux prises faites par le Capitaine Conyngham a quoi nous n’avons rien a ajouter les choses étant encore dans le même etat qu’elles etoient alors. Cependant nous sommes prets a lui faire remise (ou à MM Gardoqui père et fils a qui il nous avoit donné ordre de remettre) des R[eaux vell]on 179614 que nous devons pour solde de nôtre compte avec le dit Sr. Conyngham, ou d’en faire remise a vous même, Monsieur, en nos traites sur Paris toutes les fois que, dans tous les cas, vous voudrés bien nous promettre de nous garantir des événements et de nous faire remise ou de nous permettre de nous prévaloir sur quelque banquier que vous nous indiqueriés jusqu’a la Concurrence de cette somme si nous sommes obligés de la representer en totalité ou en partie. Nous nous préterons avec le plus grand plaisir a tout ce qui vous conviendra le mieux a cet égard et nous attendrons vos ordres a moins que dans l’intervalle nous ne venions a nous trouver libres de suivre ceux que nous a donnés ou nous donnera M. hodges. S’il vient ici comme il nous l’a fait esperer, vous pouvés compter que nous ferons tout ce qui dependra de nous pour lui prouver le cas distingué que nous faisons, Monsieur, de votre recommandation.
Nous avons remis au Capitaine Courter le paquet que vous nous avés adressé pour lui dans vôtre lettre du 20 du mois dernier. Nous lui avons rendu tous les services qui ont dependu de nous et nous vous prions d’être persuadé que nous en ferons autant pout toutes les personnes que vous voudrés bien nous recommander.
Nous sommes sans nouvelles directes de M. hodges ni de M. Conyngham depuis le 13 fevrier dernier: on nous a dit qu’il y avoit eu une espece de mutinerie parmi les gens de l’Equipage du dernier, mais le capitaine d’un batiment francois qui a relaché à Bilbao et qui vient d’entrer en ce port nous a assurés qu’il avoit mis en mer il y a une douzaine de jours. Si cela est comme nous n’en doutons pas nous esperons de ne pas tarder a le voir paroitre par ici.
Nous avons l’honneur de vous reiterer les assurances de nôtre inviolable attachement et de la parfaite consideration avec laquelle nous sommes, Monsieur, Vos très humbles et tres obeissants serviteurs
Lagoanere et Comp.
Monsieur S. Deane

Notations: Lagoanere 18 march 1778 Recvd open from Dr. Franklin to answer April 6th A.L. / [in Adams’ hand:] Lagoanere 18 March 1778


Title: William Lee to the American Commissioners, 19 March 1778
From: Lee, William
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Gentlemen.
Chaillot March 19. 1778.
I shall be obliged to you for furnishing me with a Copy of the Treaties you have enter’d into with the Court of France, that I may not propose any thing inconsistent therewith to the Courts of Vienna and Berlin for which places I intend to set out on Saturday next. Any information or advice that you may be pleased to give me, that will tend to forward the wishes of Congress, I shall thankfully receive and in the mean time have the Honour to be with the greatest Respect, Gentlemen, Your most Obliged and Obedient Humble Servant
W: Lee
Honble. Benjamin Franklin Silas Deane & Arthur Lee Esqrs.

Addressed: To / The Honourable / Benjamin Franklin, Silas / Deane & Arthur Lee Esqrs. / Passy
Notation: W. Lee 19 March 1778 to Commissioners


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Abbés de Chalut and Arnoux, 19 March 1778
From: Chalut, abbé ——,Arnoux, abbé ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Paris 19. mars [1778]
Les abbés de Chalut et Arnoux souhaitent le bonjour à leur cher et respectable Monsieur Franklin, ils le prient de recevoir la canne qu’ils lui avoient promise, comme un signe de sa mission, et un temoignage de leur estime et de leur respectueux attachement. Les deux Abbés font leurs sinceres compliments à Messieurs deane et Lée, et ils embrassent l’aimable petit fils.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Franklin / ministre plenipotentiaire / des Etats unis d’amerique / A Passy


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Antoine Court de Gébelin, 19 March 1778
From: Gébelin, Antoine Court de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Rue Poupée 19e. Mars 78
J’ai l’honneur de vous envoyer une incluse de notre excellent ami M. Hutton: elle est un peu de vieille datte parce que j’esperois pouvoir vous la remettre moi meme, et j’en ai toujours été empeché par mille objets pressés: je l’avois portée mardi dernier chez M. le Marq. de Mirabeau où on m’avoit assuré que vous deviez diner; et j’eus le chagrin de la remporter.
J’aurois eu en même tems le plaisir de vous remettre le 5me. vol. du Monde Primitif pour lequel vous avez souscrit, que je delivre depuis quelques jours et que vous pouvez faire prendre quand il vous plaira, en continuant si vous voulez bien votre souscription pour le volume suivant. Je suis avec les sentimens les plus distingués et qui vous sont dus à tant d’egards Monsieur Votre trez humble et très obeissant serviteur
Gebelin
Oserois-je vous prier de me rapeller au souvenir de M. Dean et de l’Hotel de Chaumont en leur offrant mes respects tres humbles.

Notation: Gebelin, Paris 19 Mars 78


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Courtney Melmoth, 19 March 1778
From: Melmoth, Courtney
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir.
Hotel d’orleans 19. March. [1778]
Yesterday arrived a Parcel for me from London wherein I found amongst other of my Writings, some Copies of that Pamphlet on the American Affairs, which you express’d Curiosity to see. I ask the favor of your Acceptance of the Inclosed for this Purpose. The Pamphlet had its share of attention at the Time altho it is only a recitation of well known general Circumstances thrown into a sort of biographic Allegory. I am, however, diligently employing myself at present in another Performance on the same Subject which takes up the point in a newer light, and which I hope to fit for your Eye, and for the American Press in a fortnight. I have the Satisfaction to be Sir Your most obedient Servant
Courtney Melmoth

I lament that the Bookseller has forgotten to send me “The appeal to both Houses” a Pamphlet I could have been happy to offer you.

Addressed: To Dr. Franklin


Title: Rocquette, Elsevier & Rocquette to the American Commissioners, 20 March 1778
From: Rocquette, Jacques, Elsevier, T. A., & Rocquette, Pieter Th.
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Gentlemen:
Rotterdam 20 March 1778.
A certain advice has been received from the Hague here that Mr. Beranger, who is charged with the transactions of the Court of France, in the absence of the Ambassador, has Communicated to our States, that the King his Master, did acknowledge the Americains as a free, and independant Nation, and that in Consequence he had Concluded with them a Treaty of friendship and Commerce; Give us Leave Gentlemen to make you our compliment of felicitation on the Subject. We wish other Nations may Soon follow this Example, and that it may afford us frequent opportunities of being of Service to your Countrÿmen, by who we again Sollicitate your Mighty intercession. Be assured of our real desire to be usefull to them, as also of our most Sincere thankfullness for your recommandations in our behalf.
Said tydings have produced great Speculations on Sundry articles, Especially, on Indigo, coffee, Cochenil, Logwood and Sugars, because it is generally thought, that a warr between England and France will be the immediate Consequence; Tobacco’s and Rice Keep up firm as noted Last. We recommand ourselfs in your most valuable Protection and have the honour to be with the most respectfull Regard Gentlemen your verÿ humble servants
J. Rocquette T.A: Elsevier, & P.Th. Rocquette
B. Franklin S. Deane & A. Lee. Esqrs. at Paris.

Addressed: To / B Franklin / Sils. Deane / A Lee / Esqrs / att / Paris
Endorsed by John Adams: Rocquette. Rotterdam 20 March 1778


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Félix António Castrioto, 20 March 1778
From: Castrioto, Félix António
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Lisbon the 20th March 1778.
I have wrote to you two letters, one the 2d. and the other the 29th. of December, aquainting you of what was done in the Comission I was charged with, and of the Queens resolution of giving her answer by her Minister. As I have not had the honour of receiving any answer from you, I doute of my letters Coming to your hand; it being natural that my zeal for the interesses of your People, and my particular estime for you, Sir, should at least deserve your certifying me of the reception of them.
Tho’ my instances to obtain a favourable answer have displeas’d the Ministry, I have reason to think the arguments I imploy’d for that pourpos have made some effect, as I have had since some oportunitys to speek to the Minister, and I had the satisfaction to hear him agreeing to my reflexions upon the justice of your Cause, and the Conviniences that may result to this Nation from the Comerce with North-America. He shows now some inclination to hear me upon this subject; and I hope the Queens Concel is, or at least will be, Convinced of the injustice done, in depriving me of the plaisure of continuing to be the instrument of this acommodation, by a ill construction of my activity.
I will not be sorry that this misunderstanding has hindered my obtaining some imployment here, as I had reason to expect; because I find me self more able so to be imploy’d in the service of your growing Republic, acording to the laws they have made: and as I presume that no man more earnestly desires to be usefull to them, I can not aprehend that you should neglect to inform the Congress of my disinteress’d zeel, or that the members of it will despise the good intentions of a foriner so sincerly devoted to them. I wishe the Circonstances may render my endeavour worthy their attention, and that you may find worthy yours the great estime and respect with which I am Sir Your most humble Servant
Felix Antonio Castrioto.

P.S. I have had allrady the honnour to say to you that my name alown is a sufficient adresse or direction.

Notation: Castrioto to BF March 4 1778


Title: The Presentation of the American Commissioners at Versailles: Two Accounts, 20 March 1778
From: Lee, Arthur,Croÿ, Anne-Emmanuel-Ferdinand-François, duc de
To:

The French government announced on March 21 that the three envoys from the United States had had the honor of being presented the day before to the King by the Comte de Vergennes. This was a laconic statement of an event that caused a great stir.
Two eye-witness accounts survive, and they are as different as might be expected from their authors. One is by Arthur Lee in his diary; it describes the occasion and also, as the other does not, the second presentation two days later to the Queen and to the King’s brother, sister-in-law, and sister. Lee had been pushing for formal recognition, and was clearly disappointed by what he thought the casualness with which it was given. The other account is by the duc de Croÿ, an experienced courtier who had a special interest in the occasion because of his acquaintance with Franklin. This report includes a number of details that the other omits, particularly what Louis said and Franklin and Vergennes replied, and conveys between the lines a sense of the ceremonial that Lee found lacking. Croÿ was impressed, as Lee apparently was not, with the way in which the King and Franklin handled themselves. He was also aware that history in that moment had reached a turning point, and that the future might hold deep trouble for France.

I.
20th. The commissioners met at Count Vergennes’, where all the Americans assembled, and a dinner was provided for them at the expense of the commissioners at an hotel. Mr. Izard and Mr. W. Lee were introduced to Count Vergennes, as commissioners of congress for their respective courts, and were invited to dine with him. After the commissioners had conversed a little in private with the minister, in which Count Vergennes did not appear desirous of giving any opinion to which court it was the wish of France that Mr. commissioner W. Lee should make his application in preference; they were led to the antichamber of the king, the Americans all following them, and after a few minutes they with all the crowd were admitted into the king’s dressing room, where he had a sort of levee, and where they with the two other commissioners were presented by Count Vergennes to the king, who said “Je serai bien aide [aise] que le congrès soit assuré de mon amitié,” and then went out. He had his hair undressed, hanging down on his shoulders, no appearance of preparation to receive us, nor any ceremony in doing it. The king appeared to speak with manly sincerity. After this they were presented to Count Maurepas, Mons. de Sartine, Ministre de la Marine, le Prince de Montbarey, Ministre de guerre, Mons. Bertin, and Mons. Amelot, two ministers for home affairs. The chancellor was not in town, and two of the ministers not within. I mention this to show how little there was of ceremony in the business, or of previous preparation. The commissioners, accompanied by Mr. Girard, walked through the streets to their different dwellings. Between two and three we dined at Count Vergennes’, where there was a grand company of nobility.
22d. The commissioners went again to Versailles to be presented to the queen. It was with great difficulty they could pass through an unordered crowd, all pressing to get into the room where the queen was, it being levee day. When they got in, they stood a moment in view of the queen, and then crowded out again. They were neither presented nor spoken to, and everything seemed in confusion. They went next to Mons. and Madame the king’s eldest brother, and his wife; then to Madame the king’s maiden sister. The youngest brother, Count d’Artois, was at this time under temporary banishment from court, for having fought a duel with Duke Bourbon, a prince of the blood.

II.
Le vendredi 20 mars, eut lieu, en effet, l’étonnante présentation et la liaison ouverte de la France avec l’Amérique.
Au lever, je trouvai, à l’Oeil-de-Boeuf, le fameux Franklin, avec les deux autres députés d’Amérique, entourés de bien du monde frappé de cet important spectacle. La figure pittoresque du beau vieillard, avec ses besides et sa tête chauve, son air de patriarche et fondateur de la Nation, jointe à sa célébrité comme inventeur de l’électricité, législateur des treize provinces unies, et sa science, ajoutaient encore à la beauté du tableau.
A midi, la Chambre entrant, M. de Vergennes à la tête, on fit entrer les députés de l’Amérique. Le Roi, en sortant du prie-Dieu et dans la même chambre, s’arrêta et se plaça noblement. M. de Vergennes présenta M. Franklin, M. Deane et M. Lee, et deux autres Américains. Le Roi parla le premier et avec plus de soin et de meilleure grâce que je ne l’eusse encore entendu. Il dit: “Assurez bien le Congrès de mon amitié. J’espère que ceci sera pour le bien des deux nations!”
M. Franklin, très noblement, remercia au nom de l’Amérique, et dit: “Votre Majesté peut compter sur la reconnaissance du Congrès et sur sa fidélité dans les engagements qu’il prend!” Puis M. de Vergennes ajouta: “Il est certain, Sire, qu’on ne peut avoir une conduite plus sage, plus réservée que celle qu’ont tenue ces Messieurs, ici!” Ensuite le premier commis des Affaires Etrangères les ramena chez M. de Vergennes.
Les voilà donc traités de nation à nation, et le Congrès bien reconnu, ainsi que l’indépendance, par la France la première. Que de réflexions ce grand événement ne présentait-il pas! D’abord, c’était un coup cruel porté à l’Angleterre, et fort heureux pour notre commerce, s’il réussissait. C’était, ensuite, une guerre implacable et, peut-être, la création d’un pays plus vaste que le nôtre et qui pourrait, un jour, subjuguer l’Europe . . .
Trouvant Franklin dans l’Oeil-de-Boeuf, et le connaissant, j’allai à lui et je lui dis: “Il n’appartenait qu’à celui qui a trouvé l’électricité d’électriser les deux bouts du monde!” Ce mot fut remarqué et fit fortune, mais on n’en sentait pas tout le sens, car je disais “électrisé” et non “enflammé”. En effet, ce pouvait n’être qu’une étincelle brillante et de peu d’effet, et je pensais, avec bien d’autres, qu’un coup si extraordinaire a grand besoin d’être appuyé du success. . . .
Après avoir bien vu cette importante et étonnante présentation, j’allai aux bureaux de la Guerre où je vis bien du mouvement et où j’appris bien des choses, et, ensuite, j’allai dîner chez M. de Vergennes, avec l’Amérique.
M. Franklin et les deux autres députés et leurs compagnons y étaient. M. de Vergennes leur donna un grand et splendide dîner de cérémonie, comme à des ambassadeurs accrédités. Franklin était à côté de lui, les autres placés avec soin. On les traita sans affectation, pourtant, avec les plus grands égards, et ce dîner fut bien curieux. . . .
Le dimanche 22, au milieu d’un monde immense, les trois députés des Provinces unies d’Amérique furent présentés à la Reine et la famille royale par le premier secrétaire des Affaires Etrangères.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Comte de Louitz(?), 21 March 1778
From: Louitz, ––, comte de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

This note, the purpose of which is as hard to determine as the writer’s name, serves to introduce a large and diverse category of people seeking favors large or small. Four ask for nothing beyond a few minutes of Franklin’s time; what they want is any one’s guess. Three merely request information. Two ask about a cure for dropsy, three wish to have letters forwarded, two need passports. A few are simply beggars. The largest group is of those who want Franklin’s intercession in one form or another. The letters, in short, run a wide gamut; their only common factor is that they produced, to the best of our knowledge, no result. Most of them have little interest in themselves, but in their totality they explain why Franklin complained so often that suitors plagued him from dawn to dark.
Four requests for appointments are similar to the comte’s. On March 26 de Laval, cadet, who is obviously young and earnest, wants fifteen minutes in which to open his heart and receive advice that he promises to follow. On the 30th the abbé de Rochemure, also young, asks for one minute to beg a favor. On May 10 Antoine Flottes de Raissan offers to repay an interview by being helpful to the Americans; Franklin has a notation of his name, to which some one else has added “rien.” On June 8 de St. Montant, a former naval officer, wants to communicate a few very particular things; he has lived in England “and can speak a little jour languisch as jou me fyne by me writing.”
On March 14 Aegidius A. Dujardin writes from Ghent for commercial information. What are the best American firms trading with the Low Countries in tobacco, rice, sugar, etc., and what Flemish products are suitable for the colonies—perhaps the sort of linen cloth he is now sending to South America? What is the safest route, now and after American independence is recognized? He must also know the exchange rate between dollars, livres, and pounds, so as to do the necessary arithmetic before pursuing his idea. On May 6 Martin, “fils d’André,” inquires from Marseilles about opening trade with America, where he has no connections. Might his ships be recommended in the principal ports? What do the commissioners think of the enclosed list of a sample cargo? He has in mind for the present three ships; the first will leave thirty days after he has word, and the others from month to month. On June 26 Benjamin Bristow, in Paris, announces himself as an acquaintance of William Lee in London; he wants an address for Samuel Adams, to ask him about the family of an American lady in London whose father was once Adams’ close friend.
Two queries continue those that had been coming to Franklin for months about his reputed cure for dropsy. One is on April 13 from Serrier, the curé of Damvillers near Verdun, who for twenty-eight years has been burying victims of the disease and now has one critically ill with it; give him the cure, and Franklin will be the benefactor of the parish. The other is on May 20 from Caillé, who gives the banker Paul Véron as his Paris address; he begs for a description of the treatment to send to a sufferer in Frankfurt.
On March 17 Elizabeth Clough, a widow in Westminster, encloses a letter for her son in America but gives no hint of his address. On April 15 Marie-Charlotte Leullier L’Enfant, at the Gobelins, reminds Franklin that he has agreed to do her the same favor; a number of letters already sent to her son have gone astray. She joins with Mlle. Basseporte in asking protection for the young man. On April 29 Thomas Barker sends two packets to be forwarded to Congress, he hopes with Franklin’s favorable opinion of his case. On June 7 he writes again, this time from Nantes, to say that he is thinking of taking a ship for North Carolina, and would be glad to know the safest part of the coast. On or after March 16 Burwell Starks, in Paris, requests a passport for England; without it, he hears, he will be stopped at Calais until he can have one sent from Paris.
The list of outright beggars is short. On March 29 Lamoureux de la Genetière, in Paris, confides the disasters that have plagued him: parental debts, a son who broke his arm and then had a hernia, a beloved chambermaid who died of a putrid fever in his wife’s arms and gave her and his mother and daughter the fever, from which they almost died. He is on the verge of securing a position, but also of blowing out his brains. A mother of eighty, a father-in-law impoverished like him, a charming wife and four children as beautiful as love itself, and three indispensable servants—these are his responsibilities, and he does not know where to lay his head. Franklin alone can help him. On April 17 Caetanus d’Amraff, also in Paris, pours out his woes in Latin. He is destitute, with a wife, two small children, and a life harder than death. The Venetian envoy and others will speak for him. He writes six languages and understands eight, is versed in music, painting, and commerce, has traveled widely, and would be glad to serve Franklin in Europe or America. On June 24 A. Bouget, from Morat in Switzerland, explains that his brother left a decade ago with the remnants of a small family patrimony, to try to mend it in Guadeloupe by raising indigo, while he himself emigrated from Franche-Comté to live more cheaply. Rains and droughts ruined the indigo; in Switzerland he got along by borrowing until his creditors descended on him and stripped him bare. “Les pauvres hommes sont foudroyes par les évenements.” His mind must be unhinged, or he would not dare think that Franklin might stoop from his eminence to aid a man at the end of his tether.
The group of those who seek Franklin’s good offices is the most varied, and includes a few whose sanity seems questionable. The first, for instance: on March 20 Roches de Condormes, who signs himself avocat et ecuyer, writes from “Castelmarain” (Castelmoron in Guienne?) to announce that the first volume of his work has gone to the royal bureau de correspondance; please tell the King, to make sure the printing costs are paid. The book teaches French and will establish it throughout the world; all kings and peoples will then be converted, as Christ and His Prophet foretold. On the 24th Nicephore Clerget, a Capuchin priest from Besançon but in Gien-sur-Loire, explains that he wants to go as chaplain on a ship now that his two brothers are in the French navy. He can leave in a fortnight if Franklin will get him permission from Sartine.
On April 5, probably 1778 (because of a reference to the war), Jacques-Christophe Babuty, in Paris, asks for help in rejoining his wife in Canada; he is so poor that he dares not even present himself, but can guarantee repayment because he is “fort à son aise chez luy.” On the 6th François-René-Jean de Pommereul de Martigny, in Fougères, explains that his younger brother found no military position in the United States, and his voyage there and back cost him vastly more than he was paid; Sartine should have him reimbursed. American representatives will earn respect in France when they secure justice for those who have made sacrifices for their cause. On the 9th Mengaud, a lawyer in Belfort, wants help for his son, who left the comte d’Artois’ garde du corps in 1776 to join the Americans, and whom Franklin supposedly promised to help. Pierre Penet claims to have given the young man goods for which he was not paid, and threatens to have him arrested and expelled from the American service. Will Franklin please intervene?
On the 11th John Butter (Butler?) Madden, in Nantes, asks Franklin to obtain from the Admiral of France a position for him as broker and interpreter, to help in the growing American trade with Nantes. He has a thorough knowledge of English, is a former gentleman cadet in the Berwick regiment, and, although Irish, is bound by marriage and many other ties to France, where his name is known and respected. On the 15th Antoine-François Prat, in Lyons, introduces himself as an orphan of twenty-two who is, thanks to his uncle, a common clerk and unknown; his assets are only his integrity and willingness to work. He has long hesitated to send such a foolish request, but temerity might make his fortune. On the 24th Lucas de Boismauger writes from Caudebec-en-Caux, near Rouen, to ask Franklin to find him some berth in the French army. His father forced him to leave it after two years; now he is on fire to rejoin, but parental disapproval blocks the usual channels. Please find him a post in administration or supply, where he may follow the troops in hope of a chance to distinguish himself.
At some time after the end of April Mercier, avocat au parlement, in Paris, sends two brief petitions from people unnamed. Franklin, when he was at M. de La Blancherie’s, promised to give them his attention; by doing so he will oblige a man of letters whose name he may not know, but who is one of his greatest admirers. On May 2 d’Hargicourt, from the Château de Fayet near St. Quentin, complains that he has had no answer to his two previous letters. He wants to “passer dans les Isles,” apparently with Franklin, who he hopes will give him a job and keep him close while he devotes himself “a vôtre adorable volonté.” On the 3rd Marniquel, apparently in Charleville, asks help in collecting a debt of 620 livres from a Swiss officer who decamped with the money three years before. On the 13th two ladies from Geneva, brought up in Paris and recommended by the comte de Maillebois, request Franklin’s support for their establishment, which combines a girls’ school with a pension for female visitors.
On June 18 Etienne Rousseaux Lacombe, in Blaye, describes at length the tribulations of his second son, Jean, who joined the Lexington in Nantes as a lieutenant in May, 1777, at a salary of seventy livres a month, plus the money due him as master of a prize brought in to Morlaix to be sold. He rejoined the Lexington and was captured on the voyage to America; he has no funds, and his share of the prize money will be useful both to him and his father. Also on the 18th Victoire Laubertie writes from Brunswick. She is the mother of Col. Donop’s children, whom he legitimized before leaving for America. He sent them eight thousand écus by a friend in Cassel, but the money had not been paid at the time of his death. She has heard that the government of Cassel has sequestered it, and fears that the same will happen to the Colonel’s possessions when they come from America; she has, as a Parisian, no hope of justice in Cassel. Donop undoubtedly made a will; would Franklin please ask Congress to send her an attested copy and an inventory of whatever else he left? On the 25th Mme. Dauber de Peÿrelongue, in Marmande on the Garonne, asks for news of her son, an artillery captain in the Besançon regiment, who had been captured the previous winter on his way to America and imprisoned in St. Augustine; the British, thanks to his letters of recommendation from Franklin, were treating him barbarously. Is there any hope of his being exchanged, and meanwhile how can he be helped?
On June 27 Romas, chevalier de St. Louis, writes from La Plume, near Agen, to ask a favor. His brother, Jacques de Romas, received a letter from Franklin in 1754 about electrical matters, and this “correspondance litteraire” now justifies asking help for the brother’s son, fatherless since 1776 and now a candidate for the engineering school at Mézières. Will Franklin please see the young man and use his good offices to obtain for him, from the Minister of War and other authorities, a waiver of the entrance examination for the school? This favor would be a small one to confer and is essential for the family.

A paris ce 21 de mars 1778
Mr. de louitz a l’honeur, d’asseurer monsieur franclin, de ces respects, il envoye s’informer de l’etat, de sa santé et de celle de touts ces messieurs.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jean-Gabriel Montaudoüin de la Touche, 21 March 1778
From: Montaudoüin de La Touche, Jean-Gabriel
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Nantes 21 mars 78
Le respect pour vos grandes occupations m’a empeché depuis mon retour de me procurer la satisfaction de vous ecrire, de vous demander de vos nouvelles, et de vous remercier de toutes vos honnêtetés. Je me suis aquitté de ce devoir par la voie de plusieurs amis communs. Mais l’evenement, Monsieur, du Jour est trop interessant pour que je ne m’empresse pas de m’en rejouir avec vous. Il y avoit longtems que le voeu de ce grand evenement etoit dans mon coeur, et dans ma bouche. Voila donc vôtre païs, et le nôtre identifiés en quelque façon par des interests communs, et la reciprocité du Commerce. Bientôt je pourai en parlant de vous dire Son Excellence. Il y a longtems que j’ai dit en parlant de vous l’excellent Docteur, l’illustre philosophe du nouveau monde qui donne des leçons de science, et d’humanité a l’ancien. J’ai vôtre médaillon en terre cuite très bien executé a Chaumont. Vôtre nom n’a pas besoin d’eloges, il les renferme tous. Cependant je veux ajouter a vôtre nom sur le médaillon novi decus, et utriusque orbis honor, et delitiae. Ma femme qui se glorifie avec raison d’être née comme vous dans le nouveau Monde vous salue très humblement. Voulés vous bien embrasser pour nous vos petits enfans, et Madame et Mademoiselle de Chaumont, et nous rappeller au souvenir de Messrs. Deane, Lée, et des autres amis.
Je vous suplie, Monsieur, de me conserver vos bontés dont je m’honore, et dont je suis très reconnoissant, et d’être bien persuadé des sentimens d’admiration, de devouement et de Respect avec lesquels j’ai l’honneur d’etre Monsieur De Vôtre Excellence (ce mot m’echappe il vous est dû) Le Très humble très obeissant serviteur
Montaudoüin

Je vous remercie de vos bontés pour mon Neveu.
Un de mes bons amis, Monsieur, se dispose a faire un armement sous un pavillon respectable. Il offre de traiter de marchandises autres que celles de Guerre en echange en denrées Ameriquaines comme Tabac, ris, indigo etc. Comme vous ne vous meslés point du Commerce voulés vous avoir la complaisance de communiquer cette proposition ou ouverture a Mr. William Lée, et le prier de m’écrire là dessus dans un certain detail.
Mr. vôtre Neveu m’a demandé des lettres de recomandation et de credit pour un Capitaine Ameriquain qui est de relache a Brest. Je lui en ai donné aussitôt. Je lui en donnai aussi pour un Capitaine de Vaisseau de mes amis lorsqu’il y alla avec Mr. Car-Michael. Ils ont étés fort contens de cet officier.

Notation: Montaudoin, Nantes 21 Mars 1778


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Alexander Ewing, [after 21 March 1778]
From: Ewing, Alexander
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honored Sir
[After March 21, 1778]
I take the liberty to inform your Excellency of my present distresses and to claim your protection which considering the Services I have rendred to she America I hope you will not refuse me. You will be pleased to recolect that from 1769 to 1775 I was master of the Ship Jupiter constantly Employed Carrying Emigrants from Ireland to America of which at least, a thousand Entred into the Contentil Service. I was therefore Obliged to Stop this trade when by a resolve of Congress the 10 September 1775 all the ports ware [shut] in America and the Communication with Ireland intirely Stoped from that period till the month of february following Mr. Andw. Caldwell of Philadelphia by order of Congress got a privateer of 22 guns put on the Stocks of which I was to take the comand but on Some falls reports made to the Commtee of Safty I was Suplanted the Comand of the Sade Vessell. As thereby I was out of Employ, I took my passage to Ireland to See my wife and famely leaving the management of my Estate in america to a freind. Since then heaving no opportunity of returning to the continent with my Wife and Children in order to help to Support them I have brought [bought] the brig Catharine which I chartred to Mr. Cochran Merchant [of] Strabane to Come to Dunkirk to take in a cargo of Conterband goods to be Clandestently imported for Ireland. I arived here the 20th March, and the next day by order of the Court of France all the English and Irish Vessels were Stopt in this harbour Except Smuglers Mine being brig rigd was Included in the Arrest, thow I have Since given Sufficient proof By Mr. Cochrans letters to his Correspondent Mr. Robt. Murdoch of this place that my real Destination was Smugling. Notwithstanding my vessell Still remains under arrest and unless by your Excelences Obliging Interssion I Obtain an order to have it Delivred up to me, I am Exposed with my wife and famely to ruien, as I canot Enjoy the revinue of my Estate in america for want of a proper Conveance to remit it. Your Excellincy I hope will remember me and Consider the Sarvices I have rendred to America. My attachment to the cause is Still the Same, and I will cherfuly Embrace every Opportunity to be Usefull as my intentions are to return to America as soon as I can find a Safe passage for my Self and famely. Mr. Jonathan Neisbitt whoe I here is now at Paris knows me perfitly well, and will be able to tell you more about me then I can write. I am concious that his testimony will make me merit your protection and the favour of an answer will put an End to my present Distress. I have the honour to Subscribe my Self your Excelinces most obedient Humble Servant
Alexr Ewing

Your Excellincy will be pleased to observe that in order to avoid Suspisons in Ireland on my Destination I Entred the Vessell in the Name of my mate Archd. Stephenson

Addressed in another hand: A Monsieur, / Monsieur Benjn. Franklin Esqr. Député / Des états unis de L’amerique Septentrionale / a La Cour de France, en Son hotel / A Passy. / pres de Paris
Notation: Alex. Ewing


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Comtesse Conway, 22 March 1778
From: Conway, Françoise-Antoinette-Jeanne Langlois du Bouchet, comtesse de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

My dear father américain,
Auxerre 22 m[arch] 1778
God Bess liberty! I drunk with all my heart to the republick of the united provinces, end to your dear health. I am prepared to my departure if you will, end if it possible. Give me I pray you leave to go. I shall be happy of to live under the Laws of venerable goodman richard. Adieu my dear father I am with the most respect end tenderness, your humble Servant end your daughter
D B F Conway

Addressed: à Monsieur / Monsieur franklin / ministre plenipotenciere / des provinces unies de / L’amerique / A passy


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John MacMahon, 22 March 1778
From: MacMahon, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
At the Military School March the 22d. 1778
Give me leave to congratulate you upon the great and long wished-for event, which fixes now the publick attention, and in which you have such an honourable share. The brave and unshaken perseverance of the Americans, joined to your calm and yet active prudence have at last been crowned with their deserved success. No war entred into by France for many ages past, has been so universally applauded by all ranks of people in the Kingdom. This, and the manner the Ministers have conducted the negociation with you, is a promising Omen for the future. Whatever the issue of it may be with regard to France America’s independance is assured for ever. When will poor oppressed Ireland’s turn come?
A Gentleman read to me last friday a sublime and beautiful ode upon this revolution, wrote by a Lawyer of Avignon, and inscribed to you. The Authors friend who read it, prayed me to introduce him to you, when it is printed: this I made bold to promise, as it is really a fine Poem, and would not be deemed unworthy of the great Rousseau. I am with the highest regard and tender respect Dear Sir your most humble and obedient servant
J. MacMahon

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Franklin Ministre / Plenipotentiaire des Etats Unis / de l’Amerique Septentrionale / chez M Ray de Chaumont / à Passy
Notation: McMahon 22 March 78.