Title: Enclosure Questions for the Supreme Court, 18 July 1793
From: Jefferson, Thomas
To:

[Philadelphia, 18 July 1793]

1. Do the treaties between the U.S. & France give to France or her citizens a right, when at war with a power with whom the U.S. are at peace, to fit out originally in & from the ports of the U.S., vessels armed for war, with or without commission?
2. If they give such a right, does it extend to all manner of

armed vessels, or to particular kinds only? if the latter, to what kinds does it extend?
3. Do they give to France, or her citizens, in the case supposed, a right to refit, or arm anew vessels, which before their coming within any port of the U.S. were armed for war, with or without commission?
4. If they give such a right, does it extend to all manner of armed vessels, or to particular kinds only? if the latter, to what kinds does it extend? does it include an augmentation of force, or does it only extend to replacing the vessel in statu quo?
5. Does the 22d article of the Treaty of commerce, in the case supposed, extend to vessels armed for war on account of the government of a power at war with France, or to merchant armed vessels belonging to the subjects or citizens of that power (viz.) of the description of those which, by the English, are called Letters of marque ships, by the French ‘batiments armés en marchandize et en guerre’?
6. Do the treaties aforesaid prohibit the U.S. from permitting in the case supposed, the armed vessels belonging to a power at war with France, or to the citizens or subjects of such power to come within the ports of the U.S. there to remain as long as they may think fit, except in the case of their coming in with prizes made of the subjects or property of France?
7. Do they prohibit the U.S. from permitting in the case supposed vessels armed on account of the government of a power at war with France, or vessels armed for merchandize & war, with or without commission on account of the subjects or citizens of such power, or any vessels other than those commonly called privateers, to sell freely whatsoever they may bring into the ports of the U.S. & freely to purchase in & carry from the ports of the U.S. goods, merchandize & commodities, except as excepted in the last question?
8. Do they oblige the U.S. to permit France, in the case supposed, to sell in their ports the prizes which she or her citizens may have made of any power at war with her, the citizens or subjects of such power; or exempt from the payment of the usual duties, on ships & merchandize, the prizes so made, in the case of their being to be sold within the ports of the U.S.?
9. Do those treaties, particularly the Consular convention, authorize France, as of right, to erect courts within the jurisdic

tion of the U.S. for the trial & condemnation of prizes made by armed vessels in her service?
10. Do the laws & usages of nations authorize her, as of right, to erect such courts for such purpose?
11. Do the laws of Neutrality, considered relatively to the treaties of the U.S. with foreign powers, or independantly of those treaties permit the U.S. in the case supposed, to allow to France, or her citizens the privilege of fitting out originally, in & from the ports of the U.S. vessels armed & commissioned for war, either on account of the government, or of private persons, or both?
12. Do those laws permit the U.S. to extend the like privilege to a power at war with France?
13. Do the laws of Neutrality, considered as aforesaid, permit the U.S. in the case supposed, to allow to France or her citizens, the privilege of refitting, or arming anew, vessels which before their coming within the U.S. were armed & commissioned for war? may such privilege include an augmentation of the force of such vessels?
14. Do those laws permit the U.S. to extend the like privilege to a power at war with France?
15. Do those laws, in the case supposed, permit merchant vessels of either of the powers at war, to arm in the ports of the U.S. without being commissioned? may the privilege be rightfully refused?
16. Does it make any difference in point of principle, whether a vessel be armed for war, or the force of an armed vessel be augmented, in the ports of the U.S. with means procured in the U.S. or with means brought into them by the party who shall so arm or augment the force of such vessel? if the first be unlawful, is the last lawful?
17. Do the laws of neutrality, considered as aforesaid, authorize the U.S. to permit to France, her subjects or citizens, the sale within their ports of prizes made of the subjects or property of a power at war with France, before they have been carried into some port of France & there condemned, refusing the like privilege of her enemy?
18. Do those laws authorize the U.S. to permit to France the erection of courts within their territory & jurisdiction, for the trial & condemnation of prizes, refusing that privilege to a power at war with France?

19. If any armed vessel of a foreign power at war with another, with whom the U.S. are at peace, shall make prize of the subjects or property of it’s enemy within the territory or jurisdiction of the U.S. have not the U.S. a right to cause restitution of such prize? are they bound or not by the principles of neutrality so to do, if such prize shall be within their power?
20. To what distance, by the laws & usages of nations, may the U.S. exercise the right of prohibiting the hostilities of foreign powers at war with each other, within rivers, bays, & arms of the sea, & upon the sea along the coasts of the U.S.?
21. Have vessels armed for war under commission from a foreign power, a right, without the consent of the U.S. to engage, within their jurisdiction, seamen or souldiers for the service of such vessels, being citizens of that power, or of another foreign power, or citizens of the U.S.?
22. What are the articles, by name, to be prohibited to both or either party?
23. To what extent does the reparation permitted in the 19. Article of the treaty with France, go?
24. What may be done as to vessels armed in our ports before the President’s proclamation? and what as to the prizes they made before and after?
25. May we, within our own ports, sell ships to both parties, prepared merely for merchandize? may they be pierced for guns?
26. May we carry either or both kinds to the ports of the belligerent powers for sale?
27. Is the principle that free bottoms make free goods, & enemy bottoms make enemy goods, to be considered as now an established part of the law of nations?
28. If it is not, are nations with whom we have no treaties, authorized by the law of Nations to take out of our vessels enemy passengers, not being souldiers, & their baggage?
29. May an armed vessel belonging to any of the belligerent powers follow immediately merchant-vessels, enemies, departing from our ports, for the purpose of making prizes of them? if not, how long ought the former to remain after the latter has sailed? and what shall be considered as the place of departure, from which the time is to be counted? and how are the facts to be ascertained?


Title: Address from the Citizens of Trenton, New Jersey, 18 July 1793
From: Citizens of Trenton, New Jersey
To: Washington, George

Sir,
[Trenton, N.J., 18 July 1793]

Deeply impressed with the wisdom and Policy which dictated your Proclamation declaring the Neutrality to be observed by the United States of America in the War between France and other Powers of Europe, We the Inhabitants of the City and Neighbourhood of Trenton take this manner to express the high satisfaction we feel upon this renewed Proof of that watchful Care you have ever testified for the best Interests of our Country.
The present flourishing Condition of the United States under a Constitution and Administration of Government which commands the Admiration of the World must cause every feeling

mind to deplore and deprecate the Calamities of War. If there is a man in America who could wish to see this Country involved in the miseries under which Europe now groans, he must be an Enemy not only to the Happiness of the United States, but to that enlightened Policy which breathes Peace & good Will to all the World.
Sensible that strictly to maintain the Principles of Neutrality, is the “Duty and Interest of the United States” and the only way to insure a Continuation of Peace and Prosperity, We beg leave to assure you of our fixed Determination not only to comply with the Proclamation ourselves, but to discountenance and discourage every thing which may contravene the object of it.
Permit us further to add, that the time elapsed since the Proclamation has given us opportunity to know its general Acceptation and that we believe we express the common Sentiments and the common Language of the Citizens of the State of New Jersey. Signed by order and in behalf of the Meeting.

M: Furman. chairman


Title: From George Washington to John Fitzgerald, 19 July 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Fitzgerald, John

Dear sir,
Philadelphia 19th July 1793.

The day preceeding my departure from Mount Vernon, the enclosed letter was put into my hands. pressed as I was at the time by other business, I could give it no answer; & the next day when I saw you in Alexandria this matter had escaped me. I give you the trouble, therefore (since you have allowed me the liberty) to fix something with mister Moore on the subject of it. whatever that may be will be satisfactory, & shall be binding on me, with two provisos—1st: that the term for which the lease is given shall not exceed five years—and 2dly that whatever repairs mister Moore may want, & are really necessary, shall be specifically enumerated, and executed under his own auspices & at his own expence, making a reasonable allowance therefor in fixing the rent. By such enumeration, it may be any time be seen whether the work stipulated has been executed; for in default thereof there can be no claim of deduction.
I have two motives for giving you this trouble—one because I know you are a good judge of what the House & Lot ought to rent for—& the other, because I have no person in my employ at present in whom I can confide to negotiate this business for me. I am Dr Sir &c.

Go: Washington

P.S. I have, by letter, informed mister Moore of the footing on which I have placed the matter.


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 19 July 1793
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

[Philadelphia] July 19th 1793.

The Secretary of the Treasury presents his respects to The President of the U.S. has the honor to send him for his information a letter which he has just received from our Commissioners at Amsterdam.


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Jefferson, 19 July 1793
From: Jefferson, Thomas
To: Washington, George

[Philadelphia] July 19. 93.

Th: Jefferson with his respects to the President has the honor to inform him that Judges Jay & Wilson called on him just now and asked whether the letter of yesterday pressed for an answer. they were told the cases would await their time, & were asked when they thought an answer might be expected: they said they supposed in a day or two.


Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 19 July 1793
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

War Department July 19. 1793.

On the 3d of November 1783 all the troops of the late war were discharged excepting the few mentioned in the Act of that date, & all the rank of the Officers accordingly ceased to have any further operation.
But subsequent to this period new troops were raised by virtue of several resolves & acts of Congress and it has been decided that Officers of the same grades should take rank in the present army according to their appointments under the said several Acts of Congress, the relative rank of the late war notwithstanding; that is, that a Captain appointed under the resolves of Congress in 1785, should take rank of a Captain appointed by virtue of any subsequent resolve or act of Congress, although the latter  had been senior during the late war—This was essential to give each Officer confidence in his rank, otherwise he would be always liable to be superceded in his grade by the introduction of the officers of the late war.
On February 20th 1793 the President of the United States decided that the Officers now in service who were deranged prior to the resolve of the 7th of August 1782 could not be entitled to any benefits of the said Resolve, which is as follows.
“Resolved, That the Officers retiring under the foregoing resolutions, & not employed in the Staff Departments as aforesaid, shall, until called into service with their proper command, be entitled to all the emoluments, to which the Officers are entitled, who retired under the resolutions of the 3d and 21st of October 1780: that the said Officers shall retain their rank in the army and be called into the service from time to time according to seniority, in case of deficiencies of Officers, upon the principles of the foregoing resolutions.”
Hence the following case arises—A Captain who was deranged on the first of January 1781, and appointed a Captain under the Acts of Congress of the 4th of March 1791, but in pursuance of the decision of the President of the 20th of February, acts junior to all the Captains of the late war—but the question arises, is he also junior to all the Captain Lieutenants, Lieutenants, and Ensigns of the late war? or in other words, did the Officers who were deranged prior to the said 7th of August 1782, lose all benefits in case of a reappointment, from their former rank?
This case is humbly stated for the consideration and decision of the President of the United States.

H. Knox  secy of war


Title: Henry Knox to Tobias Lear, 19 July 1793
From: Knox, Henry
To: Lear, Tobias

Dear Sir
9 oClock p.m. 19 July 1793

An express has arrived with the enclosed from the Commissioners at Niagra. I send them to night that you may deliver them to the President early in the Morning, as it may be important for orders to go off to Genl Wayne tomorrow by the post. I will wait upon the President at or before eight oClock in the Morning. Yours Sincerely

H. Knox


Title: To George Washington from Jean-Pierre-Henri Elouis, 20 July 1793
From: Elouis, Jean-Pierre-Henri
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia July 20th 1793 No. 9. 8th Street. at the wax works

your humanity and generosity are so well known, that it is with the greatest confidence that I dare to adress myself to you, in a moment when I am distressed by unexpected bad circumstances. I have had much Imployment last winter; but my wife having been sick for these three months, it has been impossible to me, to follow my business as I could have done it, if I had not been detained at home. I have Experienced great troubles Since four years; I had the good fortune to Conquer all difficulties, but So many have fallen upon me all at once, that I do not know how to extricate myself, if not helped.
the Sum of Eighty Dollards would enable me to follow my business as before, and I prefer Sir, to owe you that favor, than to any body else; being Certain of Secrecy, as it would be hurtfull to the Interest of an artist, if he was Known to be in distress. he must appear happy, and in good Circumstances to get business, otherwise, great many would thinck he has no talent. perhaps Sir, that you do not recollect my name? I teach drawing to Miss custis, I have been recommanded by Mrs Stuart; and I have had the honour last winter, to take your likeness in miniature, it is not Intirely finished: having been much disturbed, and wishing to make a well finished Picture, I shall wait till my minds in a more quiet Situation.
I put So much dependence Sir, upon your goodness, that I expect you will Excuse the liberty I take in adressing to you, and  that you will receive Kindly my Letter. I am with the greatest Respect Sir, your most humble obedient Servant

H. Elouis

if you are Pleased Sir, to favor my Petition I Shall cease from that Instant to receive the two guineas Pr month that I receive for the Lessons I give to Miss Custis. as it will Lesson the Sum. and be assured Sir, that I will take every opportunity to Express to you all my gratitude.


Title: To George Washington from the Supreme Court Justices, 20 July 1793
From: Supreme Court Justices,Jay, John,Wilson, James,Iredell, James,Paterson, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philadelphia 20 July 1793

We have taken into consideration the Letter written to us by your Direction, on the 18th Instant, by the Secretary of State.
The Question “whether the public may with propriety be availed of the advice of the Judges, on the Questions alluded to?[”] appears to us to be of much Difficulty as well as Importance—as it affects the judicial Department, we feel a Reluctance to decide it, without the advice and participation of our absent Brethren.
The occasion which induced our being convened, is doubtless urgent: of the Degree of that urgency we cannot judge, and consequently cannot propose that the answer to this Question be postponed, untill the Sitting of the Sup. Court.
We are not only disposed but desirous to promote the welfare of our Country, in every way that may consist with our official Duties. We are pleased Sir! with every opportunity of manifesting our Respect for you, and are sollicitous to do whatever may be in our power to render your administration as easy & agreable to yourself as it is to our Country.
If circumstances should forbid further Delay, we will  immediately resume the Consideration of the Question, and decide it. We have the Honor to be with perfect Respect Sir your most obedient & most h’ble Servants

John Jay
James Wilson Ja. Iredell Wm Paterson


Title: From George Washington to Caleb Gibbs, 21 July 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Gibbs, Caleb

Dear Sir,
Philadelphia July 21st 1793

When your letter of the 15 ulto came to this place I was in the act of setting off for Virga on urgent private business of my own—and, since my return that of a public nature has engrossed all my time.
I write to you now because you have requested an acknowledgement of your letter—not because there is any place vacant (known to me), or⟨,⟩ that I would be under any promise if there was. I have observed an invariable line of conduct in all nominations to Office, and that is to hold myself entirely free from all engagements until the moment shall arrive when it is necessary to make them & then to do it with the fittest character, from the best evidence before me, without regard to private friendship or other considerations that might warp my public Judgment.
It would give me, & I am sure it would give Mrs Washington also much pleasure to hear that you & family were living comfortably, & doing well, being—Dear Sir Your Obedt Hble Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Henry Lee, 21 July 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Henry

(Private) Dear Sir,
Philadelphia July 21st 1793

I should have thanked you at an earlier period for your obliging letter of the 14th ulto, had it not come to my hands a day or two only before I set out for Mount Vernon; and at a time when I was much hurried, and indeed very much perplexed with the disputes, Memorials and what not, with which the Government were pestered by one or other of the petulant representatives of the Powers at War. And because, since my return to this City (nine days ago) I have been more than ever overwhelmed with their complaints. In a word, the trouble they give is hardly to be described.
My Journey to and from Mt Vernon was sudden & rapid, and as short as I could make it. It was occasioned by the unexpected death of Mr Whitting (my Manager) at a critical season for the business with which he was entrusted. Where to supply his place I know not; of course my concerns at Mt Vernon are left as a body without a head—but this bye the by.
The communications in your letter were pleasing and grateful. For although I have done no public Act with which my Mind upbraids me, yet it ⟨is⟩ highly satisfactory to learn that the things which I do (of an interesting tendency to the peace & happiness of this Country) are generally approved by my fellow Citizens. But were the case otherwise, I should not be less inclined to know the sense of the People upon every matter of great public concern; for as I have no wish superior to that of promoting the happiness & welfare of this Country, so, consequen⟨t⟩ly, it is only for me to know the means, to accomplish the end, if it is within the compass of my Powers.
That there are in this, as in all other Countries, discontented characters, I well know; as also that these characters are actuated by very different views. Some good, from an opinio⟨n⟩ that the measures of the general Government are impure. Some bad, and (if I might be allowed to use so harsh an epithet) diabolical;

inasmuch as they are not only meant to impede the measures of that Government generally, but more especially (as a great mean towards the accomplishment of it) to destroy the confidence which it is necessary for the People to place (until they have unequivocal proof of demerit) in their public Servants; for in this light I consider myself, whilst I am an occupant of Office; and if they were to go farther & call me there Slave (during this period) I would not dispute the point. But in what will this abuse terminate? The result, as it respects myself, I care not; for I have a consolation within that no earthly efforts can deprive me of—and, that is, that neither ambitious, nor interested motives have influenced my conduct. The arrows of malevolence therefore, however barbed & well pointed, never can reach the most valuable part of me; though, whilst I am up as a mark, they will be continually aimed. The publications in Freneau’s and Beach’s Papers are outrages on common decency; and they progress in that style, in proportion as their pieces are treated with contempt, & passed by in silence by those, at whom they are aimed. The tendency of them, however, is too obvious to be mistaken by men of cool & dispassionate minds; and, in my opinion, ought to alarm them; because it is difficult to prescribe bounds to the effect.
The light in which you endeavored to place the views and conduct of this Country to Mr G—t; and the sound policy thereof as it respected his own; was, unquestionably the true one; and such as a man of penetration, left to himself, would most certainly have viewed them in⟨.⟩ but mum on this head. time may unfold more, than prudence ought to disclose at present.
As we are told that you have exchanged the rugged & dangerous field of Mars, for the soft and pleasurable bed of Venus, I do in this as I shall in every thing you may pursue like unto it good & laudable⟨,⟩ wish you all imaginable success and happiness; being with much truth and regard Dear Sir, Your Affecte Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Frances Bassett Washington, 21 July 1793
From: Washington, Frances Bassett
To: Washington, George

Dear & honord Sir
Mount Vernon July 21st 1793

I did myself the pleasure of forwarding to you last week the reports of the Overseers, & an account of the weather—by a letter I have received from my Aunt, I understand that Mr Lewis is in Virginia, but as he is not yet come to this place, I shall again send the reports to you by tuesdays stage.
so entirely occupied as I am conscious you are with publick business, it gives me pain to call your attention to anything, comparatively trifling & unimportant, yet as I consider myself so unequal to forming a proper judgement, even in my own little concerns, & have been so happy as to receive the promise of your advice respecting them, I take the liberty of requesting your opinion of some repairs, which my Overseer (Taylor) says are absolutely necessary at the farm he lives on, for the security of the crop, & the preservation of the Negroes—there is no granary, but the room in the second story of the house he lives in, will answer to put the wheat in, if lined with plank—the corn-house wants some repair to make it secure, & he thinks is not large enough to hold the Crop he shall make this year, unless the prospect changes very much—the Negroes houses have no roofs of any consequence to them—Taylor thinks my two Carpenters Gabriel & Reuben can get every thing necessary for the repairs (except plank,) & be able to put them up in good time—I have not given them any directions as yet, but wait the favor of your advice & permission.
I sincerely hope you will be able to leave Philadelphia early in the fall, & that we shall have the happiness of yours & my Aunts company some weeks—my Sister Milly & my Children join me in most affectionate remembrance to you—& I am my dear Sir with fervent prayer for your health & happiness, your ever gratefully affectionate

Frances Washington


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Jefferson, 22 July 1793
From: Jefferson, Thomas
To: Washington, George

[Philadelphia] July 22. 93.

Th: Jefferson with his respects to the President has the honor of inclosing him some letters just received also the draught of a letter to the Judges.


Title: Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., to Thomas Jefferson, 22 July 1793
From: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.
To: Jefferson, Thomas

United States 22d July 1793

The President of the U. States requests the attendance of the Secretary of State at his House, tomorrow morning at Nine o’Clock.


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 23 July 1793
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Treasy Dept July 23d 1793.

The Secretary of the Treasury has the honor to submit to The President a communication from the Commissioner of the Revenue of the 19 instant.
The establishment of the compensation to the Keeper of the Portsmouth Light house at the rate therein mentioned appears to the Secretary to be a proper measure.

A. Hamilton


Title: To George Washington from Castella, 24 July 1793
From: Castella, {--} {--}
To: Washington, George

Général
à new haven état de Connecticut Ce 24 juillet 1793

 Vous avez créé la puissance américaine, et c’est En l’afferminant que vous avez préparé un azile aux persécutions, et aux malheurs. la terre qui nous recoit, et l’aspect d’un peuple heureux,

  adoucit les regrets de nos pertes. nos riches habitations ont été pillées, brulées, et Détruites. nous avons laissé la martinique, En proye aux flammes et aux asasinats. Les mulatres De Cette Colonie, ont cru établir le phantome de l’égalité, par la force Des armes; et Supèrieurs En nombre, ils ont Détruit avec férocité, les propriétés De leurs Bienfaiteurs, et de leurs pères. une Escadre angloise a paru Sur Ces Cotes infortunées; L’amiral n’a pu Donner Des Secours à l’humanité, à la Douleur, et aux larmes; et Son inaction Suivie De Sa route vers la barbade, ont augmenté l’audace des asassins, et des incendiaires. Ce général est Cepandant revenu avec des Troupes, et a Effectué leur Débarquement Sur la ville de Saint pierre, mais il a bientôt rembarqué son armée, et s’est retiré. Cette tentative infructueuse, En trainera la ruine Entière De Cette Colonie, qui touchoit à sa destruction, au moment De l’apparition Des forces, qui Devoient la Sauver.
Soldat malheureux, quelques talends militaires, ne peuvent être offerts, et Employés, chez un peuple, qui n’a pour armes, et pour force publique, que des loix sages, et bien Combinés. mais il me reste une activité Courageuse, et la nécessité, d’assurer un azile; à l’intéressante Compagne de mes malheurs. accordezmoy, Général, une portion de terre, Sur les Bords De la rivière potomak, où s’éleve la nouvelle ville de Wasginthon, où aux Environs: la Douceur De Ce Climat, Convenant, à un militaire, qui a Servi Long temps, Sous le Soleil brulant Des antilles. Cultivateur laborieux, et Citoyen fidèle, je Donnerai à ma nouvelle patrie, les fruits d’une activité instruite par les revers. je suis avec Respect. Général Votre très humble et obéissant Serviteur

Castella officier français


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 24 July 1793
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Treasury Depmt 24 July 1793.

In answer to your enquiry of the 22d inst. I have the honor to observe that in the communications heretofore made, it is stated, that an additional two millions of Guilders had been already directed to be borrowed & a proposition is submitted to the consideration of the President for authorising a further loan of three millions of florins.
One of the objects of the two million loan was the reimbursement of the one million which became due in Holland on the first of June last.
The arrangement announced by our bankers in their Letter of the 1st of May last, fulfills that object, & consequently diminishes by one million the aggregate sum deemed adviseable to be borrowed, in the late Reports of the Secretary to the President, so as to leave four millions, instead of five, to be still borrowed upon the plan contemplated.
The remittances from hence make no difference in the result, because they only remain to their original fund, the purpose for which they were intended having been answered by the arrangement above mentioned. With perfect respect, I have the honor to be sir &ca

Alexr Hamilton


Title: To George Washington from William Wadsworth, 24 July 1793
From: Wadsworth, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
 New York July 24th 1793

I Beg leave to lay before your Excellency a Plan for Carrying on the Oyl Cloth Carpets Seven Yards without Seam in it’s Various Branches Equal in Goodness if not Superior to those Made in London Where I have been Eleven Years at the above Business, I am the Inventor of the Looms that Now Weaves the Seven Yard Wide Canvass for the Above Carpets—I therefore pray that your Excellence Will take this into your Wise Consideration & hope it Established in the City of Washington It is become a Very great Business in the East Indies; There are Two other Branches of Business that I am the real Inventor of One of these is the Woo[l] Carpets that never have Been made in Europe But Two that I wove & these were Six Yards Wide & eighteen Yards in Length the Other Branch I will Explain to you If I have the honor of Seeing your Excellence. Therefore it is my Wish That your Right Honble Lady will graciously be pleased to patronize these new invented Works that are not made known in Europe, I am Willing to Engage in the above Business on the Shortest notice that I can Obtain. Sir I am with the Greatest Respect Your Excellence’s most Humble & Obediant Servant

Wm. Wadsworth

P:S. I beg you will favour me with an Answer as I Remain in New York The letter to Stop at the Office till: Called for.


Title: To George Washington from Burgess Ball, 25 July 1793
From: Ball, Burgess
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir,
Fredericksbg [Va.] 25th July 93.

I recd yours of the 21st Inst. this Evening, and, as you seem to be misinform’d respecting Mr Laurence Lewis’s Intention of changing his State, I thought it best, on Information from Mrs Lewis (he being at present in Berkly) and his other friends here, to lose no time in writing to you again—They say (& I also believe) that he has no Notion at all of entering into the matrimonial State, and that he will chearfully undertake your Bussiness—when Howell arrived here, Laurence went over the Ridge, but, if you think proper to take him, he will immediately on information repair to Mount Vernon—I believe myself, he possesses all the Qualifications you mention. Wishing you and Yours every felicity, I am, with the highest Esteem Dr Sir, Yr affect. Hbe Servt

B: Ball.


Title: From George Washington to the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, 25 July 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Commissioners for the District of Columbia

Gentlemen,
Philadelphia, 25th July 1793

I enclose, for your information, the copy of a letter from the Secretary of State to me, on the subject of the objections made to Doctor Thornton’s plan of a Capitol. By this letter you will see, that after a candid discussion, it was found that the objections stated, were considered as valid by both the persons chosen by Doctor Thornton as practical Architects and competent judges of things of this kind—and one of them (Mr Carstairs) who appeared to have studied the matter with most attention, pronounced them irremidiable without an alteration in some parts of the plan; the other (Colo. Williams) proposed certain methods of obviating some of the objections, but in what manner you

 will see by the enclosed letter. The plan produced by Mr Hallett, altho’ preserving the original ideas of Doctor Thornton, and such as might upon the whole, be considered as his plan, was free from these objections, and was pronounced by the Gentlemen on the part of Doctr Thornton, as the one which they, as practical Architects, would chuse to execute. Besides which, you will see, that, in the opinion of those Gentlemen, the plan executed according to Mr Hallett’s ideas would not cost more than one half of what it would if executed according to Doctr Thornton’s.
After these opinions, there could remain no hesitation how to decide; and Mr Hoben was accordingly informed that the foundation would be begun upon the plan as exhibited by Mr Hallett, leaving the recess in the East front open for further consideration. If this meets your ideas the work of that building will progress as fast as circumstances will permit.
It seems to be the wish that the Portico of the East front, which was in Doctor Thornton’s original plan, should be preserved in this of Mr Hallett’s. The recess which Mr Hallett proposes in that front, strikes every one who has viewed the plan, unpleasantly, as the space between the wings or projections is too contracted to give it the noble appearance of the buildings of which it is an imitation; and it has been intimated that the reason of his proposing the recess instead of a portico, is to make it in one essential feature different from Doctr Thornton’s plan. But whether the Portico or the recess should be finally concluded upon will make no difference in the commencement of the foundation of the building, except in that particular part—and Mr Hallet is directed to make such sketches of the Portico, before the work will be affected by it, as will shew the advantage or disadvantage thereof. The ostensible objection of Mr Hallet to the adoption of Doctor Thornron’s East front is principally the deprivation of light, and air, in a degree, to the apartments designed for the Senate and Representatives. With very great regard, I am, Gentlemen, Your most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Jefferson, 25 July 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Jefferson, Thomas

Sir,
Philadelphia July 25th 1793.

A letter from Colo. S. Smith (of Baltimore) to the Secretary of the Treasury, giving information of the conduct of the Privateers—Citizen Genet & Sans Culottes—is sent for your perusal: after which it may be returned; because contained therein, is a matter which respects the Treasury Department solely.
As the letter of the Minister from the Republic of France, dated the 22d of June, lyes yet to be answered; and as the Official conduct of that Gentleman—relatively to the Affairs of this Government—will have to undergo a very serious consideration (so soon as the Special Court at which the Attorney General is now engaged will allow him to attend with convenience) in order to decide upon measures proper to be taken thereupon: It is my desire that all the letters to, & from that Minister may be ready to be laid before me, the heads of Departments and the Attorney General with whom I shall advise on the occasion—together with the minutes of such Official Oral communications as you may have held with him on the subjects of—those letters &ca—And

as the Memorials from the British Minister, & answers thereto, are materially connected therewith, it will be proper, I conceive, to have these ready also.

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Jefferson, 25 July 1793
From: Jefferson, Thomas
To: Washington, George

[Philadelphia] July 25. 1793.

Th: Jefferson has the honor to inclose to the President a second complaint of Peter LeMaigre a merchant of this city, for a second

vessel taken from him by the British. in the former case, which happened during the absence of the President, it was unanimously agreed by the heads of the departments that it would be proper to communicate the case to Mr Hammond, and desire his interference.


Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 25 July 1793
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

Sir.
 War Department, July 25th 1793

I have the honor to submit the information and opinion of General Pickens, relatively to the Creek indians. If there should be any other points, on which it would be necessary to request his information or opinion, he will be ready to afford the same. I have the honor to be, Sir, with the highest respect, Your most obedt Servt

H. Knox


Title: Enclosure Memorandum from Henry Knox and Andrew Pickens, 24 July 1793
From: Knox, Henry,Pickens, Andrew
To: Washington, George

[Philadelphia, 24 July 1793]

The substance of Information given to the Secretary of War by General Pickens the 24 July 1793 relatively to the Creek and Cherokee Nations of Indians.
General Pickens from information, he not having been in the Country, judges that the upper Creeks residing upon the Waters of Coosa and Talliposaa rivers may be estimated at about 2000 or 2500 Warriors.
That the lower Creeks residing upon the Waters of Flint and Chatahooche rivers as far South as the Towns of the Uchess and Broken Arrow inclusively may be estimated at from 1500 to 2000 Warriors. Although his information upon this head is by no means so satisfactory, as that entire reliance may be placed thereon. That the Cherokee Warriors may be estimated at 2000 lower Towns on the Tennessee included.

That the information has been such as to induce a belief that the Creek Nation was the last spring generally for War—But this disposition however was suspended by the breaking out of War between the Upper Creeks and the Chickasaws—That on the intervention of Mr Panton the Trader the Chickasaw War seems to have been suspended and perhaps may be amicably terminated.
That it has been understood that the Town of Tuckabatchee among the upper and the Cussetahs among the lower Creeks have been opposed to the War with the United States, although the Town of the broken Arrow have been among the most inveterate for War.
That the lower Towns of the Cherokees on the Tennessee the last year seemed to be determined for War, but the information this spring would lead to the belief that they were sincerely desirous for peace—But it is difficult to predict what will be the consequences of the late Attack of Capt. Beard.
General Pickens from a pretty general knowledge of the Creek Nation and an attentive observation of their conduct for a number of years past and more particularly their late conduct and a mature consideration of all the circumstances of the case is decidedly of opinion that a demonstration of the power of the United States to punish the Creeks is the only measure which can be adopted to secure from their cruel depredations the Inhabitants of the South Western frontiers.
That to obtain this power it will be necessary to raise such a body of Men as will afford an Army of five thousand effective noncommissioned Officers and privates for offensive operations—independent of all deductions whatever whether for sick or any of the collateral employments in the Staff departments or other duties which may be required.
That this Army ought to be composed of five hundred well equipped horsemen. One thousand good riflemen and three thousand five hundred Infantry well armed with Musquets and Bayonets and accoutred with powder horns and Bullet pouches.
That this Army ought to be engaged for Six Months from the time of their marching from the rendezvous or point of departure on the frontiers.
That they might be obtained by drafts from the Militia of Georgia the upper parts of South and North Carolina and from the

South Western Territory in such proportions as may be judged proper. But that they could not be obtained for the three dollars ⅌ Month allowed by law or for a less price than Six dollars ⅌ Month for the privates and the noncommissioned Officers in proportion.
That in order that there should be no disappointment as to the arming or accoutering the Army, or the Ammunition, it is necessary that the Government should provide all those articles excepting perhaps the rifles which might with difficulty be collected upon the frontiers.
That the Months of July, August, and September would be the most proper for the execution of such an expedition into the Indian Country, as then the Waters would be low and great distress accrue by the destruction of the Corn &c. of the Indians.
If however Circumstances should dictate a Winter expedition it might then be undertaken. But the height of the Waters would occasion great disadvantages and perhaps render the expedition abortive. The same observation applies to the Spring—In the Winter and Spring Seasons the Cane Brakes would afford abundance of forage for the Cattle—In the Summer and fall the Grass abounds.
The Army to be subsisted by Wheat flour and Corn Meal which could be provided on the frontiers and by Beef Cattle which may be found in abundance.
Flour may be purchased at about two dollars ⅌ hundred and perhaps something less. New Corn may be had in October & until Christmas at One shilling Sterling ⅌ Bushel or less. Three Year old Steers & Cows which weigh net beef 300 or 350 at 8 dollars or something less—four and five Years old Steers from eight to ten dollars.
The transportation of the baggage and flour to be on pack horses as most convenient but horse Waggons might be had to carry about 1800 Weight and roads for them easily made.
Whether tents should be taken or not would depend on the Season—In a Winter or Spring Campaign tents would be essential but in the Summer or fall the advantage of Tents would not counterbalance the embarassment of transportation Plenty of packhorses might be purchased on the frontiers of the three Southern States from twenty to forty dollars each.
The preparations should be made and the point of departure

upon the frontiers be established above the rock landing on the Oconnee the precise point to be hereafter decided. This point would be somewhere about One hundred Miles from Augusta at which the Stores are to be first collected. The Country from the Rock landing towards the lower Creeks is pretty much intersected with swamps and Cane Brakes otherwise it is open and well adapted for Cavalry from the same point to the upper Creeks the Country is less intersected with Swamps and Cane Brakes and although somewhat hilly not mountanious. roads for Waggons might easily be opened in both directions provided the Waters are not high which when it happens is a serious impediment to the forward movement of a body of Troops.
The point above alluded to would be equally well situated to strike either the upper or lower Creeks or both at once as existing circumstances might render proper. The distance to the Tuckabatchees of the upper Creeks would be about One hundred and sixty Miles—to the Cowetas and other Towns of the lower Creeks about One hundred & twenty Miles—The particular plan of the Campaign and the time the troops should continue in the Indian Country would depend upon the circumstances of the Moment which cannot now be foreseen or detailed If the occasion should be favorable to the establishment of posts in their Country such a measure would have the tendency in a considerable degree to keep them quiet in future.
In any event a Chain of posts on the South Western frontiers would be essential to maintain order and keep the turbulent of both sides in awe.

H. Knox  Andw Pickens


Title: Henry Knox to Tobias Lear, 25 July 1793
From: Knox, Henry
To: Lear, Tobias

Dear Sir.
[Philadelphia] July 25th 1793.

Please to submit to the President of the United States, the enclosed Letter from the Governor of Virginia dated 17th inst: together with Col. Steele’s report to the Executive of Virginia, on his return from a visit to the district of Kenawa—&c.—and some letters from Norfolk, relatively to a request from the British Consul for the passport from the French Admiral, to several British vessels ready for sailing. Yours Sincerely

H. Knox


Title: To George Washington from William Tilghman, 25 July 1793
From: Tilghman, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
City Tavern [Philadelphia] July 25. 1793

I had the honor of receiving, last night, a duplicate of your favor of the 21. instant & shall write immediately to some of my friends who will take pleasure in making the necessary Inquiries—On my return to Maryland, you shall be informed of the results of their researches, as well as of my own—It will give me infinite satisfaction if you should derive the least advantage from them.
Mr Sydney George has promised to pay, from the proceeds of his present crop, a considerable part, if not the whole of his bond to Mr West. As that bond is outstanding, it is reasonable that Mr George should be indemnified for the payments which he shall make to you—I shall therefore take the liberty of drawing a writing of indemnification, which I must ask the favor of your executing, before I leave this City. I have the honor to be with the highest respect yr most ob. Serv.

Wm. Tilghman


Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 27 July 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Hamilton, Alexander

(Private) Dear Sir,
Philada 27. July 1793

After giving the subject of Loans the most attentive consideration I am able under the several explanations which have been required & received from you, my mind has resolved itself into the form of the enclosed paper. But if there is any material objection to the measure there directed unadverted to by me, I am ready & willing to hear it—otherwise it may be carried into effect without delay. There is a blank to fill up, to do which I pray you to furnish me with the sum. I am &c.

Go. Washington


Title: Enclosure To Alexander Hamilton, 27 July 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Sir.
Philadelphia July 27. 1793.

I have considered your application for liberty to borrow three millions of Florins in addition to the one million, now in train of being borrowed.
It appears from the documents which you have laid before me that 284,901 Dollars 89 Cents have been applied to the purchase of the general debt; and that by the Act of 2d March 1793. 200,000 dollars, of the money for that use, have been employed discharging the installment due to the Bank of the United States. The sum then which may still be borrowed under the Act of the 12th of August 1790, being 1,515,098 Dollars 11 Cents—& it being very desirable to embrace the present season for purchasing, I am of opinion that a loan should be opened to that amount.
In like manner, as the balance of foreign loans, now in the Treasury, which appears from the same documents to be 565,484 D. 28 Cts may be absorbed by the installments of the French Debt due in September & November next; & another installment of the Dutch loan will fall due in June 1794 & will require the sum of 1,000,000 florins, I am also of opinion that a Loan ought to be effected to that amount.

Go: Washington


Title: Bartholomew Dandridge, Jr., to Thomas Jefferson, 28 July 1793
From: Dandridge, Bartholomew Jr.
To: Jefferson, Thomas

[Philadelphia] Sunday 28th July 1793.

The President of the United States will be glad to see the Secretary of State tomorrow morning at Nine o’Clock.


Title: From George Washington to Howell Lewis, 28 July 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Lewis, Howell

 Letter not found: to Howell Lewis, 28 July 1793. Lewis wrote GW on 6 August that he had “received your letter Dated 28th of last month.”


Title: From George Washington to the Cabinet, 29 July 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Cabinet

To—The heads of the Departments and the Attorney General.

Gentlemen,
Phila. 29th July 1793.

It will not be amiss, I conceive, at the meeting you are about to have today—to reconsider the expediency of directing the Custom house Officers to be attentive to the Arming or equipping Vessels—either for offensive or defensive War in the several Ports to which they belong—and make Report thereof to the Governor, or some other proper Officer.
Unless this, or some other effectual mode is adopted to check this evil in the first stage of its growth, the Executive of the United States will be incessantly harrassed with complaints on this head, & probably when it may be difficult to afford a remedy.

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Nathaniel Chipman, 30 July 1793
From: Chipman, Nathaniel
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philadelphia July 30. 1793

Permit me to recommend Mr Samuel Hitchcock, the present Attorney general of the State of Vermont, as a proper person to be appointed to the office of Judge for the district of Vermont—His character for integrity, his abilities and professional knowledge render him, in my opinion, the most competent to that office of any person who may be brought forward as a candidate. With the greatest respect I am, Sir, your most obedient humble Servant

Nathaniel Chipman


Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 30 July 1793
From: Clinton, George
To: Washington, George

Sir,
New York 30th July 1793

Yesterday I received a note from the French Consul at this place, informing me that a British Frigate had taken a French Privateer called the Republican and sent her into this Port and praying for my interference in securing to his nation the benefit

 of the Treaty. Some time afterwards the officer commanding the British Vessel called upon me and reported his arrival—I therefore conceived it proper to address Sir John Temple his Britannic Magestys Consul General by a note stating to him the information given by the French Consul, and requesting that the departure of the Vessel might be stayed, until I could report the circumstances to you, and receive your directions respecting her. Besides the propriety of satisfying the French Consul in this business, I was actuated by the additional consideration that the French Frigate L’Ambuscade then lay in this harbour, and a Vessel was brought in which if a French ⟨one⟩ and a Prize was by the Treaty not entitled to shelter or refuge, and a detention at my request would perhaps have been the means of preventing disagreeable and embarrassing consequences—This morning I received a note in answer from Sir John Temple expressing his readiness to comply ⟨w⟩ith my request, offering to deliver the Vessel into my custody, in which however ⟨mutilated⟩ declares her to be the tender belonging to her Britannic Magesty’s Ship ⟨mutilated⟩ Boston, in consequence of this official Declaration I thought it most prudent and Justifiable from every view of the question to decline any further ⟨mutilated⟩rence other than requesting her immediate departure agreeably to our Treaty with France. For your more particular information ⟨mutilated⟩ the different communications which have passed on this subject—As it is my sincere desire to observe on such occasions the most sensi⟨ble⟩ line of conduct and as similar questions of difficult solution involving ⟨mutilated⟩ consequences may in a Port so much frequented often occur I would este⟨em it⟩ a favour to have the sense of the executive of the United States on this ⟨mutilated⟩.
I also take this opportunity of forwarding an affidavit relative to certain unwarrantable proceedings of the Captain of a British Mar⟨que⟩ Ship called the Catherine.

Geo. Clinton


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Jefferson, 31 July 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Jefferson, Thomas

Dear Sir,
Philadelphia July 31st 1793.

As there are several matters which must remain in a suspended State—perhaps not very conveniently—until a decision is had on the conduct of the Minister of the French Republic—and as the  Attorney General will, more than probably, be engaged at the Supreme Court next week—It is my wish under these circumstances, to enter upon the consideration of the letters of that Minister tomorrow, at 9 ’Oclock; I therefore desire you will be here at that hour; and bring with you all his letters, your answr and such other papers as are connected with the subject.
As the consideration of this business may require sometime, I should be glad if you & the other Gentlemen would take a family dinner with me at 4 ’Oclock. No other company is, or will be envited. Sincerely & Affectly I remain—Yrs

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Jefferson, 31 July 1793
From: Jefferson, Thomas
To: Washington, George

[Philadelphia] July 31. 93.

Th: Jefferson has the honor to return to the President the copy of questions which had been destined for the judges.


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Jefferson, 31 July 1793
From: Jefferson, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Philadelphia July 31. 1793.

When you did me the honor of appointing me to the office I now hold, I engaged in it without a view of continuing any length of time, & I pretty early concluded on the close of the first four years of our republic as a proper period for withdrawing; which I had the honor of communicating to you. when the period however arrived circumstances had arisen, which, in the opinion of some of my friends, rendered it proper to postpone my purpose for a while. these circumstances have now ceased in such a degree as to leave me free to think again of a day on which I may withdraw, without it’s exciting disadvantageous opinions or conjectures of any kind. the close of the present quarter seems to be a convenient period; because the quarterly accounts of the domestic department are then settled of course, & by that time also I may hope to recieve from abroad the materials for bringing up the foreign account to the end of it’s third year. at the close therefore of the ensuing month of September, I shall beg leave to retire to scenes of greater tranquility, from those which I am every day more & more convinced that neither my talents, tone of mind, nor time of life fit me. I have thought it my duty to mention the matter thus early, that there may be time for the arrival of a successor, from any part of the union, from which you may think proper to call one. that you may find one more able to lighten the burthen of your labors, I most sincerely wish; for no man living more sincerely wishes that your administration could be rendered as pleasant to yourself, as it is useful & necessary to our country, nor feels for you a more rational or cordial attachment & respect than Dear Sir Your most obedient & most humble servt

Th: Jefferson


Title: To George Washington from Mathew Carey, 1 August 1793
From: Carey, Mathew
To: Washington, George

Sir,
August 1. [1793]

Having begun some of the maps of the united states, for my edition of Guthrie, and supposing it probable that you are possessed of materials that might be very serviceable, I take the liberty to request, if you have any such, that you will favour me with a communication of them, which will confer a particular obligation on, Sir, your obt hble servt

Mathew Carey

P.S. I am now engaged in New Jersey & Delaware.


Title: To George Washington from John Cochran, 1 August 1793
From: Cochran, John
To: Washington, George

Sir
N. York August 1st 1793

I have been again attacked with a Paralytick stroke, which has untill this period, rendered me incapable to discharge the duties of my office—I am now recovering very fast, and the public business is no longer suspended. A very close attention to business for the future, will however, probably, be inconsistent with a perfect reestablishment of my health, and prevent me from taking more exercise, and enjoying a mind more free from care—For these reasons, I wish to resign, provided the appointment of my son James to the office which I hold, would meet with your approbation—With respect to its emoluments, it is the same thing which of us hold it—The same benevolent motives therefore, which governed, in appointing me to the office, will I flatter my self, induce the appointment of my son James. I am with the greatest respect and gratitude, your obedent and Humble Se[rvan]t

John Cochran


Title: To George Washington from Jacob Hollingsworth, 1 August 1793
From: Hollingsworth, Jacob
To: Washington, George

Sir
Elkton [Md.] 1 August 1793

Agreable to your Request I applied to Mr Briscoe the Maried Gentleman who I mentioned to you when here, he says its not Convianiant to His famaly to Undertake your Business, since  that a young Man of the Name of Sappington a Native of this County who was Boarn about fifteen Mills from this of a Sivle Reagular famaly, said Sappington has a Recomendation from two very Reputable Gentleman of Hartford County who I Conseve May be Confided in, and I Know the mode of Conduct on Persusia Island has been in the grai⟨s⟩ing, Darey & Farming Line, for further advice I would wish you to apply to Colo. Saml Hughs near Haverde Grass the Propreator of the Island, Mr Sappngton will wait on you about the 12 of this month.
if I Can be of Eany further youse to you Shall be very Happy to Sarve you. your Obt Sevt

Jacob Hollingsworth


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Mifflin, 2 August 1793
From: Mifflin, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Sir.
Phil. 2d Aug. 1793

It has been intimated to me, that the Jane will, probably, sail during the ensuing night; and, therefore, I think it proper to remind your Excellency, that I have issued express orders for detaining her at Mud-Island, in consequence of the information that has been given respecting her warlike equipments, and of your instructions dated the 23d & 24th of May last.
 The present communication I have deemed the more necessary, as the Secretary at War, in a letter, of the 27th ulto. says that if the Jane should attempt to depart prior to the ⟨5⟩th of August, and without a determination upon her case, it will be expected that I should employ, for detaining her, such means of military coercion as are in my power. I am, with perfect respect Sir, Yr Excs. most ob. ⟨&ca⟩


Title: To George Washington from William Owens, 2 August 1793
From: Owens, William
To: Washington, George

[c.2 August 1793]

The Humble Petition of Williams Owens House-Carpenter Sheweth, That Pet[itione]r has been lately to see the new City Washington, having an Intention if Petr liked the place, to reside therein, and Petr meeting with Some friends there, have given him encouragement to fix his residence there, but Petr having a Family to remove, the distance great and Petr’s abilities Not Sufficient to move at present, which is his Sanguine wish—and Embolden’d by Your Universial Benevolent disposition Petr prays Your Assistance at present, to help Petr & Family down, which (if it be Your Excellency’s pleasure by writing a line to the Managers) shall be refunded, by Petr working it up with them: as they have encouraged Petr to go down—May you long live to promote the good of Your Country and that City Call’d by Your name, And may You Enjoy all the Blessings of peace and Health is the Earnest prayer of Your Excellency’s devoted Petitioner &c.

Wm Owens


Title: Cabinet Opinion on French Privateers, 3 August 1793
From: Cabinet,Jefferson, Thomas,Hamilton, Alexander,Knox, Henry,Randolph, Edmund
To: Washington, George

[Philadelphia] August 3. 1793

That The Minister of the French Republic be informed that the President considers the U. States as bound pursuant to positive assurances, given in conformity to the laws of neutrality, to effectuate the restoration of, or to make compensation for, prizes which shall have been made of any of the parties at war with France subsequent to the fifth day of June last by privateers fitted out of their ports.
That it is consequently expected, that he will cause restitution to be made of all prizes taken and brought into our Ports subsequent to the abovementioned day by such privateers; in defect of which The President considers it as incumbent upon The U. States to indemnify the Owners of those prizes—the indemnification to be reimbursed by the French Nation.
That besides taking efficacious measures to prevent the future fitting out of Privateers in the Ports of The U. States, they will not give asylum therein to any which shall have been at any time so fitted out, and will cause restitution of all such prizes as shall be hereafter brought within their Ports by any of the said Privateers.
That instructions be sent to the respective Governors in conformity to the above communication.
The foregoing having been duely considered and being now

unanimously approved they are submitted to The President of The United States.

 Th: Jefferson Alexandr Hamilton H. Knox Edm: Randolph.


Title: To George Washington from John Fitzgerald, 3 August 1793
From: Fitzgerald, John
To: Washington, George

Sir
Alexandria [Va.] Augt 3d 1793

I was duly honor’d by the receipt of your letter of the 19 past & would have answer’d it in course had Mr Moore been in town It was only Yesterday I could go into the business with him, & upon going to examine the house found a Woman of the name of Jackson with a family of Children in it—she told me her Husband was gone to Boston & that she did not expect his return in less than three weeks, on telling her my business, she said they had rented it at ten Pounds ⅌ Ann: from Mr Whiting & that the Rent was to be laid out in repairs of the house—I asked how many Years it was rented for, & if she could produce any Contract in Writing, both of which she seemed ignorant of The House Stable & fencing are in a most ruinous State and yet I really dont see what can be done untill this man’s return, he is the same who once spoke to you at the Hay Scales when I happen’d to be present, and I remember made great promises about repairs to be made by him in Compensation for his having lived so long rent free I cannot Imagine that Mr Whiting could make an agreement so much to your disadvantage, as a repair of Ten Pounds a Year could be of very little advantage to the place supposing it honestly & Judiciously expended (which is not to be expected from the extreme poverty of the people) and would be at the end of any term much worse than at present, without any intermediate benefit I shall make every enquiry into the matter on the Mans return, & if he has not a written agreement am of opinion he ought to be dispossess’d as soon as possible, & I

think I can rent it to one who can be depended on to make the necessary repairs & pay a small rent beside for the term of four or five years.
I told Mr Moore that I thought the repairs woud be too much for him to undertake, nor did I think him a fit person for it When your leisure will admit I will expect a line from you on this subject & I flatter myself that I need not assure you that I will take the greatest pleasure in doing any thing at this place which is in my power, for your Interest Colo. Gilpin & I according to custom have been two days this week on the Examination of Potomac Accots previous to the meeting of the Subscribers on Monday next £83 Sterlg has been call’d for & we find about £4.500 Curry on hand & upwards of £9000 in delinquincies, the Canal & Locks at the little Falls going on very well. with sentiments of the strongest personal esteem & Consideration I have the honor to be Sir Your mo. Obedt Servant

John Fitzgerald


Title: From George Washington to Burgess Ball, 4 August 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Ball, Burgess

Dear Sir,
Philadelphia Augt 4th 1793.

Previously to the receipt of your letter of the 25th Ulto, some persons had been mentioned to me as well qualified for the superintendence of my business at Mount Vernon; and until something is decided with respect to them (letters having passed on the subject) I can say nothing further with respect to Mr Lawrence Lewis.
So much am I engaged in public business, and so little haveg it in my power to visit, or attend to my private concerns, that it becomes extremly necessary (besides fidility) to have an experienced & skilful man, of some weight, to manage my business; one whose Judgment is able to direct him in cases which may arise out of circumstances that can neither be foreseen, nor previously guarded against.
What the age of Mr Lawrence Lewis is—what opportunities he may have had to acquire any knowledge in the management of a Farm. What his disposition, whether active or indolent. Whether clear in his perceptions, & of good Judgment. Whether sober & sedate, or fond of amusements and running about—with other queries which might be asked, as well applying to a young man Just entering on the career of life; are all matters to which I am an entire stranger; and if you can give me information respecting them, I shall thank you. You will readily perceive that my sole object in these enquiries is to ascertain the competency of a character to whom I should commit an important trust; consequently,  going no farther, can operate nothing to the prejudice of my Nephew, whatever, in confidence, you may say to me on the foregoing points and such others as may occur to you.
So far as integrity, and I presume sobriety, would qualify him, I shd give him my entire confidence; but though these are very essential, something more, circumstanced as I am, is equally necessary. Was I at home myself, I should prefer a person connected with me as he is, to a more skilfil man that was not (provided he had no thoughts of soon forming a matrimonial alliance) because he could aid me in attentions to company, which I should stand as much in need of, as of one to look after my Estate; as my dispostion would lead me to endulge in retirement whenever I shall quit my public walks. My love to Mrs Ball & your family, in wch Mrs Washingtoon join⟨s⟩—with sincere regard & friendp I am yrs affectly

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Hiland Crow, 4 August 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Crow, Hiland

Mr Crow,
Philadelphia Augt 4th 1793.

By a letter which I have just received from my Nephew, Mr Lewis at Mount Vernon, he informs me that you are applying to have your wages raised. This, I think, was the case last year, & may be the case another year—Nor is this all, for when one succeeds another comes forward; a stop therefore might as well be put to these kind of cravings at one time as at another. However, as your Crop was the most productive of any I had made last year—and, as I hope the present one will not be bad, if properly taken care ⟨of,⟩ I agree, by way of encouraging your future exertions—to  raise your wages to Forty pounds next year; & make you the same allowance of Provisions, and other things, as, by agreement, you were to receive this year.
To make an attempt after this, to encrease your wages will be fruitless; and I mention it, that whenever you want more, you must seek for it elsewhere. Forty pounds pr Annum clear of all expences, whether the winds blow high or blow low—whether the ground ⟨is d⟩eluged with Rain, or laid waste by a parching drought; by either of which, and by many other casualties, Crops may b⟨e⟩ destroyed; though the expences incurred in the making, do not lessen. Nor the mouths which are to be fed by them, nor the backs which are to be cloathed, do not decrease, is equal to the chance of double that sum in a proportion of the Crop; which, was ⟨it not⟩ for the labour spent in making Meadow⟨s⟩—and other Jobs, some on, and others off the Farm, I had much rather ⟨give⟩; but have been restrained from doing it to avoid grumbling; and because ⟨I⟩ may apply the hands at such places and in such a manner as to me, or my manager, should seem most conduci⟨ve⟩ to my own interest, when no other was to be affected by it. With this explanation of my sentiments I remain—You⟨r⟩ friend

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Jefferson, 4 August 1793
From: Jefferson, Thomas
To: Washington, George

[Philadelphia] Sunday Aug. 4. 93.

Th: Jefferson presents his respects to the President and will pay due attention to his letter of this day. the question of convening the legislature was considered and as our opinions differed, we agreed to give them seperately which will be done tomorrow. we are to meet at 10. oclock tomorrow to apply the rules, now approved by the President, to the several memorials & complaints as yet undecided, the result of which will be submitted to the President.


Title: From George Washington to Howell Lewis, 4 August 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Lewis, Howell

Dear Howell,
Philadelphia Augt 4th 1793.

Your letter of the 31st Ulto enclosing the Reports of the preceeding week, came duly to hand, yesterday.
You have neglected in the general Report, as the Overseers had before done in their individual ones, to give an Account of the Stock—work horses—and occurrences which had taken place in the week. This I expect will be renewed; and for this purpose it was, I gave you a general Report of Mr. Whittings that you might see the manner in which they were made. A general re[port made] in this manner, shews in one [glance and] at all times, the state of thing[s in the] farm every week; without g[oing to] you know not where, or to w[hat place] to come at them: and beside[s, of the] Overseers are made to tell & g[ive report] regularly every week of matters entrusted to their care, they will be more attentive to them. By & by, perhaps, when they come to be asked for the Stock that appears by a Report a Month or two past, they will either know nothing of the matter, or say it is dead, lost, or gone a great while ago. Keep them strictly to forms, & to their duty; & they will be regular; but relax a little ⟨i⟩n any case, and they will look for it in all.
I shall agree, as you will see by the enclosed letter (left open for you to read) to raise Crows Wages to £40 because his charge is great, and I believe he is as good as any I could get for that lay.
Desire him to have the Grass-Seed sown in the Swamp he has been plowing, as soon as he can get it in perfect order, and laid Smooth. He has already been instructed as to the mode of doing it, and the quantity of Seed to the Acre. Tell him not to bury the Seed—if the ground is well prepared and laid level, the lightest Bush harrow is sufficient to pass over it after sowing; and if there should be an appearance of Rain soon, it would be better without even this, provided the ground is well pulverised & [made l]ight. The same directions will ap[ply to] McKoy, if there be any likelihood [of his] getting ground in order for sowing.
 But I find no appearance of [this a]nd desire you will give him a pretty [good h]int that I can have no conception of what he is employing his force abou⟨t⟩—especially the Hoe people; as he has not more Corn than eight hands, instead of 18, are fully competent to; and when he knows, that the additional ones was sent there for the express purpose of reclaiming & putting those swamps into Grass. He must either be a very idle fellow, or wants judgment to arrange the ⟨mutilated⟩ of his people to advantage.
There is no covering Buckwheat entirely. Rolling before the plow, and plowing the way the Roller runs, is the most effectual, & ought to have been practiced; but I suppose the Oxen being employed in drawing in the Wheat, was the cause that prevented it.
By the time this letter gets to your hands Wheat sowing ought to commence; and I hope the Overseers will be particular in following the directions I have given them on this head. I expect from Doctr Stuarts Plantations below, under the care of Mr Ring, some of the early Wheat. if it should arrive in time, advise with Mr Stuart & Mr Crow, at which of the places I had best sow it, to make the most. I would, if they quantity be small, sow it in drills, & cultivate it, in order to raise as much seed as possible from it against anothr ye⟨ar.⟩
Let Mr Crow know that the ground which has been Cowpened, and now in Corn from the Barn up to the Gate, between fields No. 2 & 3, must, when he comes to sow the Wheat; be laid as smooth as it can be without injuring the Corn—because Clover is to be sown on the Wheat in the Month of February which he will take care & see, without further directions (at the time) that it is done; The Corn stalks when cut, must there be low in the Ground.
 Davy (of Muddy hole) must do the same with all the Corn ground he cultivates at Dogue Run, as the only inducement to break it up, was to prepare it the better for Grass. But when this field is sown in February, on the Wheat, it must be with Clover & Timothy; of which, as I cannot carry these things in my mind, and may forget them at the time, tell Davy to remember.
 All possible dispatch should be made by Butler to get done with his Hay, that the Waggon, & a Cart if it can be usefully employ⟨ed⟩ may assist Stuart: and, as soon as a⟨ll⟩ the Wheat at one place is in, the Carts belonging to it, ought to be sent to some other, where they are most wanting; until all the grain is got in.
 Enquire of Peter if any of the Eleven brood Mares (not hitherto used) are without Colts, & used to the Draught; if so, let a couple of them be sent to Mr Stuart to encrease his operative Plows. But tell him at the same time, that it is inconceivable to me, that out of ten Plow teams—that is—⟨6⟩0 horses and mules, which I am certain was the Report to me, until they ceased to report this matter at all, he should be able to work but 7. Plows. This matter wants explanation, & I expect to receive it.
Let Mr Stuart be informed also that he must not feed another grain of Corn to his work horses. Cut Oats must be given to them; & if the Clover Hay is eatable he may give them some of that also. for I find by your account of the stock of Corn on hand, compared with the weekly issues to my Negros, there is not more than enough to serve them until the end of October.
 If you could buy one or two hundred bushels of Eastern Shore Oats for the use of Horses that may accidentally come to the Mansion house, and for my own if I should ⟨be⟩ able to reach that place, it would ⟨be⟩ very proper. For this & other purposes which may occur I send you a Bank note for 100 Dollars; which you may change at the Collectors in Alexandria (Colo. Fitzgerald’s) or any other, for Cash. Keep an Account of your expenditures, & be careful in laying the money out.
As it is not likely—because nowadays it but seldom happens—that vessels with this article stop short of Alexandria, get Colo. Fitzgerald, or Colo. Gilpin to buy them there, for you.
 When will the Mansion house People be done Hay making; and what do they go about next? The Potatoe grd will, I hope, be well worked whensoever they get into it for the reasons mentioned in former letters. And advise with Butler whether the Oat ground at Mansion house, which you say is so thinly spread with the Grass that was sown along with the Oats, might not, where wanting, have clover and Orchard Grass scattered in sufficient quantity over it, & harrowed in; as it now is, without plowing the ground. If it is not sprung up much with weeds I should think this mode would do. But it is impossible for me at this distance, and unacquaintedness with the real state of the ground, to give any precise opinion on what is best to be done. I have be⟨en⟩ unlucky in two attempts to lay that with Grass.
I see no account of the head lands being plowed at any place except River Farm, but hope it is done at all. enquire, and if neglected, order it to be done & sowed with Wheat, as other parts of the fields are.
And desire all the Overseers to be very regular in penning their Stock, and not to keep the Pens long in a place. The doing of the latter destroys the use of manure, for one part of the field is made so rich by it, that the grain all lodges; & the rest is left too poor to bring any thing.
Mr Dandrige by Wednesdays Post, sent Bill of lading for the articles that were shipped in Ellwood; let them be brought home as soon as they arrive in Alexandria. Among these things is leather, which is only to be given side at a time; & that I may be sure it is cut to advantage, see a midling sized one of each sort cut out; that you may there after form an accurate opinion of what they ought to yield.
The enclosed note from Butler have carried into effect with the alteration I have made at the bottom of it.
 Know from Thoms Green what transactions there could be between Mr Whitting & him, to raise an Acct to £6.2.3—Let the several articles of the account be enumerated ⟨an⟩d advise him to be cautious in wh⟨a⟩t he is about, lest he brings himself into some scrape: for it is morally certain that Mr Whitting could not owe him a shilling. You must have a particular eye to this fellow, for a more worthless one does not, I believe, live—Nothing but compassion for his helpless family would induce me to retain him a moment in my service.
Look in the Book case in my Study—and in the Apartments under it—also in the closets in the said Study, for Pamphlets, and send every Printed one you can find, well & securely packed up, by Ellwood. The family are in health and wish you well. I am Your friend and Affectionate Uncle

Go: Washington

P.S. A Dutch News Paper is sent for the Gardner.


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Miller, 4 August 1793
From: Miller, Samuel
To: Washington, George

Sir,
 New York, Augt 4 1793

Be pleased to accept of the Sermon herewith transmitted, as a small tribute of that Respect, Veneration, and Gratitude, which are due to You from every American, and among others. from

The Author.


Title: To George Washington from Francis Willis, Jr., 4 August 1793
From: Willis, Francis Jr.
To: Washington, George

May it please yr Excellency
Virginia Augt 4th 1793

I wrote you some time ago respecting the money for those negroes I sold under a mistake from wrong advice that it was discoverd that Mr Perrin whom it was supposed had given them to his Sister Washington had not made a lawfull title to them, that therefore the money was to go to his Heirs, indeed it is but just, as Mr Perrins Estate will suffer much by Mr Holdens Ms Washingtons first husband, I searched the records upon hearing of this surmise, but could find no conveyance from Perrin to Mrs Holden which the law required to vest them in his Sister.
Upon taking an Inventory of Mr Perrins Estate of negroes one was discoverd of his mothers that she had by Will given to her Daughter Washington, on which as Mr Washingtons representative I took her to my house & as she belongs to your Excellency I wait yr direction what to do with her, & will either deliver her to yr order or whatever she may sell for, as she is very desirous of being sold below as she poor Slave wishes to remain among her connections, I mention this at her request as she begged her master might be told how desireous she was of staying with her relations she is the Daughter of an old favourite Sert, her age a 15 if it is yr will that I should turn her into cash it shall be done for the most that can be got, I am with the highest esteem & respect Yr Excellencys Most Obedt Sert

Francis Willis


Title: Cabinet Opinion on French Privateers and Prizes, 5 August 1793
From: Cabinet,Jefferson, Thomas,Hamilton, Alexander,Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

[Philadelphia, 5 August 1793]

At a meeting of the heads of departments & the Attorney general at the Secretary of state’s office Aug. 5. 1793.
The case of the Swallow letter of marque at New York, desired to be sent out of our ports, as being a privateer. it is the opinion that there is no ground to make any new order on the subject.
The Polly or Republican, in the hands of the Marshal at New York, on a charge of having been armed in our ports to cruize against nations at peace with the U.S. it is the opinion there is no ground to make any new order in this case.
The Little Democrat, the Vainqueur de la Bastille, the Citoyen Genet, & the Sans Culottes. a letter to be written to mister Genet as was determined on the 3d instant, and an instruction in conformity therewith be given to the governors. mister Hammond to be informed thereof & to be assured the government will effectuate their former resolution on this subject.
The Lovely Lass, the Prince William Henry, & the Jane of Dublin, prizes to the Citoyen Genet. mister Genet to be written to as was agreed on the 3d inst.
The brig Fanny and Ship William reclaimed as taken within the limits of our protection. as it is expected that the court of Admiralty may very shortly reconsider whether it will take cognisance of these cases, it is thought better to take no new measure therein for the present.
The Schooner fitting out at Boston as mentd in a letter of mister Gore to mister Lear. the Governor of Massachusets to be written to suppress her.
Mr Delaney’s letter of the 24th of July on the question whether duties are to be paid on prize goods landed for sale. it is the opinion the duties are to be paid.
A letter from mister Genet of the 4th of Aug. informing the Secretary of state that certain inhabitants lately arrived from St Domingo are combining to form a military expedition from the territory of the U.S. against the constituted authorities of the said island. it is the opinion that the Governor of Maryland be informed thereof (because in a verbal communication to the Secretary of state mister Genet had named Baltimore as the place where the combination was forming) and that he be desired to take measures to prevent the same.

Th: Jefferson
Alexandr Hamilton
H. Knox

 The Secretary of State and Attorney General are of opinion that Mr Hammond be informed that measures are taking to procure restoration of the prizes the Lovely Lass The Prince William Henry and the Jane of Dublin, and in case that cannot be effected that Government will take the subject into further consideration.
The Secretaries of the Treasury and of War are of opinion that Mr Hammond be informed that measures are taking to effect the restoration of the prizes The Lovely Lass, The Prince William Henry and the Jane of Dublin; that in case this shall not be effected the President considers it as incumbent upon the U. States to make compensation for those Prizes; and that prizes in similar circumstances which shall be hereafter brought into the Ports of the U. States will be restored.


Title: To George Washington from Joseph Gaston Chambers, 5 August 1793
From: Chambers, Joseph Gaston
To: Washington, George

Sir,
White horse high Street Philada Augt 5. 1793

Some time since I had the honor of applying to the President of the United States on the subject of an improvment in fire arms which seemed capable of being converted to public advantage. The result of farther experiments being favourable to the opinion first formed and the occasion for Military operations still existing in our country I am induced to trouble him once more on the same. I wish to be instructed as to the proper method of introducing a business of this kind and whether the president shall think proper to appoint any examination of its merits. I remain Sir, with the highest Respect your humbe servt

Joseph G. Chambers


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 5 August 1793
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Philadelphia Augt 5. 1793

I doubt the expediency of specially convening the Congress at this time for the following reasons.
The consti[tu]tion requires that an extraordinary occasion should exist as the basis of the exercise of the Power of the President to convene the Legislature.
It is not perceived that any circumstance now exists which did not exist months ago of sufficient force to constitute an extraordinary occasion.
The war in Europe existed then, as it does now. Indian affairs are not understood to be at this time in a worse, if in so bad a posture, as they have been for a considerable time past.
Some additional incidents have indeed fallen out—The decision with regard to Mr Genet’s recall, the verdict of the Jury in the case of Henfield, the supposed Decree of the National Convention affecting our Treaty of Commerce with France.
But with regard to the first, it would be only a reason for the measure, as far as the circumstance may be supposed likely to produce a war with France. According to ordinary calculation such a consequence ought not to be looked for—and the prudence is very questionable of manifesting by any public act that the Executive did look for it.
The second is a matter which under the circumstances seems not of sufficient weight. The Judges who tried the cause were united in their opinion of the law. The Jury was universally believed in this city to have been selected for the purpose of acquittal; so as to take off much the force of the example and to afford no evidence that other juries would pursue the same course.
The supposed Decree of the National Convention is an important consideration. But its authenticity is not yet out of question and it could hardly be acted upon till that was ascertained. And indeed it will deserve examination whether the Executive would

not it⟨self⟩ be competent to whatever it would be prudent to do in the case.
The objections to the measure, at this time, are that unless there are reasons of sufficient force now for adopting it which did not exist before, the taking the Step now would impeach the omitting of it hitherto, and would expose the executive to much criticism and animadve⟨r⟩sion.
That the Meeting of Congress could scarcely be accelerated for more than a month, allowing as ought to be done due time for the knowledge of the call to diffuse itself throughout the U. States, for the members to prepare for coming and for the distant ones to perform the journey. Sufficient time ought to be given for a full house. A month is so short a period as not to form a material object—and as consequently to bring into still greater question the propriety of acting upon grounds not much if any thing stronger than existed when a call would have produced a considerable acceleration.
In proportion to the shortness of the period gained would be the public anxiety and alarm at the measure. It would be construed into an indication that something very extraordinary and urgent had occured. And abroad as well as at home much speculation would be excited. This consideration, which was always a weighty objection to anticipating the Meeting of Congress by a special call, has now great additional force for the reason just assigned.

Alexandr Hamilton


Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 5 August 1793
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

Sir,
War department August 5th 1793

It was on the 3d instant agreed between the heads of the departments and the Attorney General that each individual should submit his opinion to you in Writing upon the propriety of calling Congress together before the period at which they are to assemble.
In the present state of things in this Country as well as in Europe an expectation of uncommon events has been generally excited. The prudent and sober part of the community regard, as in the case of storm, the mind and countenance of the Chief Pilot—while he remains confident and composed, happiness is diffused around—But when he doubts then anxiety and fear has its full effect.
Most of the cases which have yet occurred as relative to foreign powers have been the proper business of the Executive; and the Opinions of the Judiciary seem to indicate that all the measures hitherto adopted for the preservation of the peace have been proper and wise—For any case of a similar nature which may probably arise prior to the session of Congress it is probable the powers of the President may be adequate.
The Southern Indian business may indeed require the early attention of Congress—But when it shall be considered that this attention could be anticipated but a little and that a Winters Campaign according to General Pickens opinion, would be an hazardous operation, much would not be gained by calling Congress together one Month sooner than they would otherwise assemble. For it may be doubted whether if a proclamation should be issued immediately that a full Congress would be assembled much before the first day of November.
If they to gain one Month only Congress should be called it is probable the public mind both at home and abroad would be filled with doubts and perplexities, public Credit might be affected and great domestic distress ensue.

After placing this question in several attitudes the balance of my mind is that it is probable the measure of calling Congress together at this time would produce greater evil than good. I have the honor to be with perfect respect Your most obedient humble Servant.

H. Knox


Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 5 August 1793
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

Sir
War Department August 5th 1793

I have the honor to submit the answer of General Pickens to your additional questions; and also a letter from Governor Blount relatively to a post at Bears Creek, and goods for the Trade of the Choctaws and Chickesaws. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect Your most obedt Servant

H. Knox


Title: Enclosure I Memorandum from Andrew Pickens, 26 July 1793
From: Pickens, Andrew
To: Washington, George

[Philadelphia, 26 July 1793]

In answer to the queries put by the President of the United States, the 26th July 1793.
1st If the men required are drafted from the militia of the States of Georgia South Carolina and North Carolina, it is thought that they might be in readiness to move from the appointed rendezvous or place of departure, in two months after full powers were received—but this would depend much on the exertions of the Executives of the States who are to furnish their different quotas of men. If any part of the militia are to be drafted from the frontier counties of Virginia or the territory south of the Ohio, and to join the troops at the before mentioned place of rendezvous, it would perhaps take a longer time, say seventy or eighty days, as they would have at least four hundred miles to march from their places of rendezvous within their own districts to the place of departure on the frontiers of Georgia, on account of the circuitous rout they would have to take in crossing the mountains with carriages, unless they were marched through the Cherokee nation, and make a junction with that division of the army which is to go from the Oconees at a point to be fixed at a future period on the Talapoose or Coosa Rivers—but it is thought that this could not be done and the destruction of the Cherokees prevented, or at least those towns which could be on the rout of that division of the army, although that nation may be disposed for peace, but if it is found necessary to chastize that nation, viz. the Cherokees as well as the Creeks, then a division to march as before mentioned through the Cherokees and to move forward at the same time that the division should march against the Creeks, and to make a junction as before mentioned, or as circumstances might point out or require.
If the expedition is confined to the Creek Nation of Indians, and it is thought necessary to bring men from the State of Virginia and the territory south of the Ohio, I would recommend from the State of Georgia, privates and non

commissioned officers
1000
effective men.

from South Carolina
1500
do

         North Carolina
1500
do

         Virginia
  750
do

         the territory South of the Ohio
  250
do

If the distance from Virginia and the Territory South of the Ohio, is thought too great a distance to march the militia, then I would recommend to draft the quota required from them equally from the States of North and South Carolina.
If an expedition against the Cherokees at the same time is found to be necessary—recommend that two thousand five hundred effective men be allotted for that Service, that is to march from the territory South of the Ohio through the Cherokee Country and make a junction with the Southern division as before-mentioned, this division to consist of two thousand infantry and five hundred horse, three hundred of which to be mounted infantry and two hundred armed and accoutred as dragoons, this division to be taken from the militia of Virginia and the territory South of the Ohio.
If two months were allowed for the inlisting of the men such a mode might afford better officers and better men, and be more agreeable to the country. If not inlisted by that time then the militia to be drafted.
If the men are to be either drafted or inlisted for six months actual service they ought to have allowed them one blanket, one hat, one short coat, two shirts, two pairs of overalls, and two or three pairs of shoes. Without such clothing it is not probable such a body of men would long remain fit for service.
The Southern division to consist of three thousand infantry, one thousand of which to be expert riflemen and five hundred horse—this division to be drafted from the militia of the three southern States in the proportions as before stated.
The southern streams alluded to in the 7th query are generally fordable from the month of May till Christmas and often later, but this depends greatly on the seasons, tho’ the waters in the upper Creeks and Cherokees seldom continue long high or impassable for horse.
It is difficult to point out an effectual mode of discrimination, and to save from harm those who may be peaceably inclined amongst those tribes that are at war with the United States—To invite them in to reside within our settlements, it is to be feared would not have the desired effect. Humanity and Justice points out that everything which comports with the policy and interest

of the United States should be done to preserve these unfortunate people from harm. Perhaps the best mode that can be adopted is to leave it to the prudence and humanity of the commanding Officer of the Southern armies, under the immediate direction of the President of the United States.

Andw: Pickens


Title: To George Washington from Heinrich Matthias Marcard, 5 August 1793
From: Marcard, Heinrich Matthias
To: Washington, George

Sir
Oldenburg in Germany Aug. 5. 1793.

Many reasons of public and private nature have excited in me a desire to change my situation by leaving my native Country, Germany, for the united states, if this could be done with a prospect of succeeding. The Greatness of Your Character, Sir, inspires me with a confidence which makes me forget the distance between me and a man so high in reputation and station, and to address You by these lines, as I have no acquaintance whatever in America.
I wrote some Years ago a Work upon Pyrmont, of which the inclosure is the French Translation. I was than Physician at the Electoral Court at Hannover in the Service of the King of England. You will find from pag. 77 to 110 some reflection which could not gain me the affection of the nobility, by which that Electorate is allmost entirely govern’d. I felt soon the effects of my saying such truths, and this contributed to my leaving a few Years after the town of Hanover upon a Vocation of the Duke of Holstein-Oldenburg, to be his first Physician. I hoped to there be out of reach of my ennemies at Hanover; yet things have happen’d since which has given them an opportunity to vex me, tho’ under the protection of a very respectable but not very powerfull prince.
These events, together with the reflection that the Children of Plebejans are allways looked upon as an inferior sort of  creatures in Germany; the prospect that my mother Country after this, either will be more despotically govern’d or undergo a total subversion of government—according as affairs in France will end—made me look out for an asyle in the united states.
I am 46 years of age, have three young children and a most excellent and virtuous but sickly wife; my fortune does not much exceed 10,000 German or Rix dollars (:which is about 40,000 French Livres:). My intention is to become a planter, if I could find somewhere, in a mild climate and in a healthy and beautifull mountanous or hilly country, not too far from a town and near a River, a plantation, which might be meliorated by industry, and which had allready a tolerable habitation; as neither my wifes not indeed my own health would suffer to build a fresh.
The principal question will be; whether with so little fortune, I shall be able to get into such a situation, as could render it possible, to give a liberal education to my children, and to procure them a lively hood after my death. Beeing used to so delightfull a Country as that of Pyrmont, where I pass every summer for many years, and whereof No. VII of the prints in the inclosed Description, will give an Idea, I could hardly think to live in a Country which was quite even and flat.
I know too little of America to find out myself a spot which I should think convenient for me, and wish, if You should pay any attention to this letter, to be directe⟨d⟩ by You. From the little I heard from Travellers, I thought, for instance, up the Patowmac River, towards the mountains, and not too far from the new federal town, might be a place for me. I suppose the climate there neither too hot, nor, which agrees still less with me, too cold. The Ohio seems to far back.
By having travelled formerly, in order to improve in my profession, through the best parts of Europe; knowing besides the learned, the principal modern languages, as french, English, Italian, and my mother tongue, the German; beeing versed in natural History, mineralogy and Chymistry: I might probably prove not a useless inhabitant to the Country I should retire to, besides by my profession as Physician, wherein they allow me some skill, and whereupon a learned Physician of Your Country, Dr Rush of Philadelphia is able to judge me. In case Mineral or salt springs should be found, I might be of Real Service to the public. I wish these reasons might gain me Your Protection and engage the  Government of the state where I might settle, to favour and to promote my undertaking.
I do not expect, Sir, that You, under such great bussinesses, would take Yourself the pains of answering my letter, if even You should bestow any attention upon it. But I wish and beg, You would cause some generous and wellmeaning man, to enter into some correspondence with me, and to direct me, where I could settle with advantage? whether I had better bring over my fortune in cash or in merchandize, perhaps in linnen, as I come from Germany? To what port I should come, and whether I might not perhaps be freed from the duties of import, on account of my bringing in my fortune, and because I shall loose much by giving up my place and my practice.
I cannot wish that my intention should be known in this Country, before it was to be executed immediately, as it might offer a new occasion unto my ennemies to vex me, and perhaps to put insurmountable obstacles to the execution of my plan.
Any letter sent to Amsterdam with the following direction

à Mr Marcard premier Medecin de S. A. le Duc de Holstein Oldenburg Eveque de lubec
par Amsterdam à Oldenburg will reach me in two days after its arrival in Amsterdam. I have the honor to remain with the greatest regard Sir Your most obedient humble Servant

H. Marcard