Title: From George Washington to Vice Admiral d’Estaing, 18 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Estaing, Charles-Hector Théodat, comte d’

            Sir,
            Head Quarters Fredericksburgh October 18th 1778

          I had the honor of receiving this day Your Excellency’s favours of the 6th and 9th instant.
          I have this moment received advices, which are too interesting to permit me to lose any time in communicating them. They are contained in the inclosed extracts—I shall not detain the express longer, than to assure you of the infinite respect and attachment with which, I have the honor to be Sir Your Excellency’s Most Obedient servant

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Vice Admiral d’Estaing, 18 October 1778
From: Estaing, Charles-Hector Théodat, comte d’
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Boston Road 18th October 1778.

          I have the honor of thanking your Excellency for your goodness in sending me the 13th of October the letter of Admiral Keppel to the English Admiralty published by authority—To have an obligation of gratitude to those, whom we take pleasure in loving and respecting is an additional felicity. The reflexion you make upon the modesty of the English and the exaggerations, they always allow themselves, in order to conceal facts with words, seem to me to leave no doubt as to their pretended victory.
          It is but too true, Sir, that an undulation of ideas and advices, is one of the greatest military torments. If the English make me deeply experience it—I will try to retaliate a little. The moment draws near, in which I shall be perfectly in a state to resume the sea—that will suffice—for they shall be informed of it, to throw indecision and uncertainty upon their conjectures of my intentions. The letters that I have received from Monsieur Gerard, left me long since no doubt concerning the intentions of Congress. The orders of the august representatives of a nation, to which I am devoted, and the opinion ever wise and preponderant of the defender of his country, have been and always will be sacred in my view. I have the honor to be With as much attachment as respect Sir Yr Ex.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Edward Hand, 18 October 1778
From: Hand, Edward
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Fredericksburg 18th Octr 1778

          In Answer to the Queries your Excy has been pleased To submit to the Opinion of the Council on the 16th I beg leave to offer my opinion that the Troops should by All means be held in a Collected state during the Winter, admitting the Enemy to continue in their present Situation.
          Distributing the Army into Cantonements might be an inducement to the Enemy to Attempt some Enterprise which they will not venture to hazard if we are in a Body. it would morover be Attended with a Dangerous relaxation of discipline.

          my Ignorance of the Geography of this part of the Country puts it out of my power to point out any particular Spot where the Army might be disposed of to the best advantage. but think that our principal Force should be Collected in the vicinity of Hudsons River, in such a manner as to be Able to counteract any winter operations of the Enemy, and give Support to lesser Bodies stationed in the Verge of Connecticut or this State, & in the Jerseys, to keep Open the Eastern & Southern communications with the Army, & prevent our Supplies of Provisions being interrupted or cut off.
          Detachments of light Troops posted at some distance in Advance of the grand Army would prevent sudden Alarms, & disturbances in Camp, & in a great measure prevent small parties of the Enemy from harasing the Inhabitants.
          If it be the general Opinion that this or some similar plan be Adopted, it should be carried immediately into execution, that the Men may have time to make comfortable Huts, & Erect the necessary Fortifications for the defence & Security of the Camp before the Severe Season sets in.
          All the Provision & Forage that can be collected between the place of Encampment & the Enemy should be immediately collected, which with the like necessary Articles already in security in the Vicinage of the Camp might remain as a magazine to be Issued when more distant Supplies could not be procured.
          To prevent as much as possible the inconvenience of transporting Forage collected at great distances it is likely that many of the Teams attachd to the Army for Carrying Baggage &ca as also some of the Officers Horses & those belonging to the heavy Artillery might be sent into some part of the country where Forage is plenty.
          As the point relative to detaching Troops towards Boston has already been determind, I need not here say any thing on the Subject. I am sir with much respect your Excys mos[t] Obedt & very Hble Servt

            Edwd Hand


Title: From George Washington to Major Generals William Heath and John Sullivan, 18 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William,Sullivan, John

            Dear Sir
            Head Quarters Fredericksburg 18th October 1778

          I have just recd intelligence, bearing strong marks of authenticity, that the enemy mean a total evacuation of New York. Various are the conjectures of their destination. I cannot think that they mean to attempt any thing against Boston considering the danger of carrying a heavy Fleet round Cape Cod at this advanced season; but to be

            prepared at all events, I had, upon the first intimation of an embarkation, ordered two of the Brigades stationed at Danbury to move Eastward as far as Harford; I shall now order the third to follow. By the time they arrive there we shall probably come at a knowledge of the real intentions of the Enemy. I have communicated all my intelligence in the fullest manner to the Count D’Estaing, that he may make such preparations as circumstances seem to require. I am Dear Sir Your most obt Servt

            Go: Washington

          p.s. Your favr of the 12th has come to hand.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Johann Kalb, 18 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Kalb, Johann

            Sir—
            [Fredericksburg] 18 Otbr 1778

          I have been favoured with your letter of the 14th Instant.
          The undecided state of rank in the Maryland line makes it a point of some difficulty to determine in such cases as that of Major Adams and Captn Winders, where the complaint is founded on their respective claims to a precedency in rank—I think it most expedient therefore that Capt. Winder shd be released from arrest, as you have mentioned, and to suspend the further consideration of the matter, till such time as the relative rank of the whole line is finally determined. For this purpose, I have taken every measure that can lead to its accomplishment. You will be pleased to signify this to Major Adams, and that the affair cannot be investigated before a general settlement of rank is obtained—as the issue of the case is manifestly involved in its determination. I am &c.

          p.s. As there may be a number of other officers in a similar situation with Major Adams and Captn Windor, I do not doubt but you will so arrange their several duties without any prejudice to the service, as to prevent their clashing with each other or giving rise to disputs of the same nature.

            G. W——n


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 18 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

            Sir
            Head Quarters Fredericksburg 18th October 1778.

          I am honored with yours of the 9th inclosing a Resolve to extend the Embargo and to prevent forestalling provision. I hope the latter will have the desired effect, for unless that most infamous practice of raising the prices of the necessaries of life can be stopped, it will be impossible for any Funds to subsist the Army.
          Inclosed you have the Copy of a petition from the Refugees in New York to the Commissioners. You may depend upon the authenticity of it, as it is taken from a New York paper. It should seem by this that they are extremely sollicitous and anxious to know whether New York is to be garrisoned, which implies a suspicion on their part, that it is to be evacuated.
          All accounts since mine of the 14th confirm the report of a very considerable embarkation. It is said to consist of ten British Regiments compleated to their full establishment, and their Grenadier and Light Companies added to them. This will make them amount to upwards of five thousand Men. They have not sailed.
          I cannot say that I am satisifed, that a total evacuation of the City is intended this Winter, altho’ many inhabitants near the lines, and several out of the City are of that opinion. I have set every engine at work to procure full intelligence of their designs and I hope to succeed. The current opinion of deserters and others is that the present embarkation is intended for the West Indies; some few have said that

            they have a design upon Charlestown. I have the honor to be with the greatest Respect & Regard Your Excellency’s most obt Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Charles Scott, 18 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Scott, Charles

            Sir
            Head Quarters [Fredericksburg] 18th October 1778.

          I have received your two letters of yesterdays date—intelligence becomes more interesting as every day brings us nearer to an important juncture—too much attention therefore cannot be paid to the choice of persons employed in collecting advices of the enemys transactions and designs—and to the directions given them—for governing their inquiries—an enemy is always supposed to be secret as to their real intentions—and may generally be suspected of a view to deceive, when they speak openly of them—but there are some circumstances which attend every considerable move, or expedition which cannot always be concealed—& which by being compared together and combined may almost infallibly point out the enemys true design—As it now seems to be ascertained that a considerable embarkation has taken place—many concomitant circumstances may satisfy us as to the destination of the Ships—Such are—The number and species of Transports—Passages taken on board them for Europe or the
          W. Indies—the Strength of the Convoy—the quantity of Provisions Water &ca said to be taken on board—the quantity of Artillery—in fine every particular that considered singly or with relation to something else can give us light—much more confidence is to be placed in such facts when they can be ascertained—than the common conversation or opinions either of inhabitants or Military Men.
          Major Johnson’s request shall be granted and a proper certificate given him.
          I am sorry to be informed that you have proceeded to such extremity against Mr Wadsworth D. Commissary of Issues—it is altogether

            contrary to rule to commit a person acting in that capacity to the prevost Guard—the mode of treating the Commissaries and their Assistants in case of neglect of duty or misdemeanour is pointed out in the resolve of Congress made for the regulation of the Department—which directs that they be tried by a Court Martial by order of the Commander in chief, or Genl Officer commanding a post.
          The Regiments of Cortland & Van schoick being ordered on a remote duty makes it necessary that the Officers and men belonging to them in your Corps should join immediately—you will give orders therefore that they may be marched in order by the most direct road to the Continental Village. I am Sir &c.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Charles Scott, 18 October 1778
From: Scott, Charles
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Near Bedford [N.Y.] October 18th 1778

          I received Your Excellencys favour of the 15th Respecting the Complaints of the Selectmen of Norwalk against two of Capt. Stoddards Compy and the Capts. Rescuing a man from the Constable. I am well informd that the man whom was in arest had done nothing to deserve the treatment he Received from those People. and that the person that was instremental to his arest was a very bad man the lad that was in arest was sent upon a piece of Duty and was in the Execution of it when taken by the Constable. this I thaught might be attended with the Worst of Consaquences Sooner or later, and therfore orderd Capt. Stoddard to take four Dragoons and go in Search of the man that was arested and Bring him to camp. my reasons for this was in the first place to let the inhabitance know that they wear not to Stop a Soldier with a pass from an officer, and in the Second place that any complaints against the troops under my Command Might be made to me. which the inhabitance well knows that I punish for the Smallest crime of that nature with the utmost Severity. I cannot but observe to

            Your Excellency that two many of those select Men are enemys to this armey. and that we can git nothing from them that they can Prevent us from—and that if they are Sufferd to Stop and arest the officers and Soldiers of this Detachment when they think themselves abused, and without first Acquainting Me, I shall never be able to know when I am in Safety. and of course Cannot be accountable for the Safety of the troops under my Command.
          Capt. Stoddard will Deliver Your Excellency this letter, who will explain any thing respecting this disagreable matter. I am Your Excellencys Obt Servant

            Chs Scott


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Charles Scott, 18 October 1778
From: Scott, Charles
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Near Bedford [N.Y.] October 18th 1778.9 OClock in the evening

          I am informd by Mr Hutcherson a very good Man and pruty generally known by our officers who has been Prisoner on long Island he has made his escape from the Provost guard where he was confin’d as a Spie but with the Assistance of the officer of the guard has got off. that Cols. Fannings & Robertsons Corps who lay at the head of the fly Between Flushing and new Town Received orders last thirsday Evening to Strike their tents and march with all their Bagage on fryday morning for Brooklands ferry. the officer of the Guard who befrendid him in his escape, told him that they Wear to imbark at the ferry for the west indies. these orders Was brought by a Dragoon who he heard telling the officers that the troops wear imbarking in the North River and Sound as Fast as possable, and that Transports wear Sent to Staton Isld To take in the troops there—all the Vessels that wear refiting at white stone was orderd immedeatly to York, and that he saw them last night halled off in the Stream in order to sail the First fare wind. he thinks there are near one hundred of them this is the fleet that Carryed the troops to the eastward some time ago. he says they have been busey watering some time.
          General Clinton has been trying to imbody the Refugees to Garrison New York, but to no effect. very fiew seems willing to undertake it. he heard a person by the Name of Kusam (who is a leading man among them) say that Genl Clinton thaught they wear ignorant enough to be caut in a Snare. But he was Mistaken. all the Stock that was brought from the east End of the Island has been Salted up and

            put on Board I this moment Recd Your favour of this days date the Matter Respecting the Comasary I am an intier Stranger to I recolect to have heard somthing of Colo. Butlers Confining a Sealman Yesterday for some insolent Message he sent the Colo. By his Servant. but as I was very busey I paid but little attention to it. but I think he was immediatly releeced again. I shall inquier into it in the Morning. particular attention Shall be paid to the farther Contents of Your letter. I am Your Excellencys Obt Servant

            Chs Scott


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Charles Scott, 18 October 1778
From: Scott, Charles
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Near Bedford [N.Y.] October 18th 1778

          I have Just recd an Account from one of the officers whom I had out for intelligence that there are no troops on York Island Between Kings bridg and the City. that the whole of the Brittish troops wear in the City and imbarking on Wensday last. and that Simcoes & Emricks Corps and Some of the Jagers was at and near fort Independance. that their advanced guard was on Tippets neck which they drew in at Night. He assurs me of the trooth of this. it is given out in the City that the troops are going to the eastw<ard> But within a fiew days Several Ships of war h<ave> Saild for the Hook which has caused doubts to Arise among the Diseffected persons in town respecting their Destination. and that they have a repo[r]t Now prevailing in the City that the whole british Armey are going to the west indies. it

            is Quietly Spokin that they have lost Some of their Islands but none of any consequince—they hant fierd the morning Nor evening gun at fort independance (as usial) these Two days past. the officer who Sends me this Acct informs me that he has a man gon to the City whom he expects to meet this day. with the best Account possable which he will immediatly Forward. I have now several other persons on this Duty that I expect to hear from this moment. I am Your Excellencys Obt Servant

            Chs Scott


Title: To George Washington from Major General Steuben, 18 October 1778
From: Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, baron von
To: Washington, George

            Quaker Hill [N.Y.] the 18th Octr 1778.

          The Enemys preparatives at New York—announce either an expedition really meditated—or perhaps only a Feigned one.
          In the first case let us examine what their plans may be.
          The first and most interesting is an expedition against Boston and the french Squadron—Six or Seven thousand men might be detached from New York—and the same number would remain to defend the island against all the Force that we could oppose to them—The Enemy might draw for the same expedition the troops of Rhode Island—and then a force of twelve thousand land troops and a superior fleet to that of the French, would give reason to apprehend melancholy consequences.
          The Second Plan of the enemy might be to embark Six or Seven thousand men to succour Jamaica and their Islands—they will keep possession of New York, Long and Rhode Island; and act upon the defensive.
          But on The other hand it may happen that all their pretended embarkations, are only feints—and that they mean to keep their force concenter’d during the winter—and wait the Events of Europe.
          As for an expedition to the Southward or Charles Town—I confess that I am as little inclined to believe it, as the total evacuation of N. York and Rhode Island.
          At all events suppose the enemy capable of detaching Seven or eight thousand men—where he may think proper—without disgarrisoning New York and Rhode Island—it will be difficult and even impossible to parry with a part of our force the stroke which he has premeditated unless we had timely and certain notice of his real intention—To Scatter our forces with a view of protecting all points, will put it out of our power to protect any—and we shall run the risque of being beat in detail—By transporting our whole force to the right or left—we shall withdraw ourselves from the very object perhaps which the enemy has in view—and what is worse we shall abandon what appears to me the most essential point I mean the North River.
          At all events I think the least movement on our part would be dangerous before we have clearly ascertained the intentions of the enemy.
          Our present position is as good as it can be, as well for the communication with Jersey and New England, as the protection of our magazines.
          But as our present position will not admit of our throwing timely and efficacious Succour towards Boston—I was charmed with the

            decision of the Commander in chief upon the first question (Whether we ought to send a detachment towards Boston, and what ought to be the Strength of the detachment) and altho’ I could have wished that the detachment could have been more considerable, as well for opposing the enemy as to give confidence to our Allies—I think myself that it would not have been reasonable to weaken ourselves too much in this quarter—while the Enemy has his force collected.
          In Answer to the 2d Question vizt Whether the Army ought to be kept together during the winter—and in what position or whether the Army ought to be distributed into Cantonments and in what manner—Neither the Situation of the Country nor our present circumstances will in my opinion permit us to scatter the Army—There are no Villages considerable enough to quarter a brigade—to divide ourselves into smaller parties, would deprive us of all the means of supporting good order and discipline—Besides I think it in the highest degree necessary—to keep our force collected as much as possible, and to take a position where the body of our Army will be secure from any check—If the Enemy conquer a Province we may recover it—but if our army is destroyed—the mischief is not so easily repaired.
          For this reason, I venture to propose that we make choice of the most advantageous position in the neighborhood of Fishkill or even West point—still among the Mountains called Highlands—and near the North River—The body of the army consisting of 11, 12 or 13 Brigades may be wintered in good barracks—covered with plank and not with earth—Provisions may be brought to us by and across the River—our baggage horses might be sent back into the country—We should be at hand to succour the Fort in case of any enterprise—and even to detach into Jersey should occasion require.
          General Scott with the light Troops under him—may form a Chain at a proper distance in front of us—he will occupy the avenues by pickets to be relieved from the North River to the Neighborhood of Fredericsburg—A Division of three Brigades would not be badly placed at Danbury—assisted by the Militia and some light Troops—distributed along the coast opposite long Island—it wd hinder the enemy from foraging and ravaging that coast with small parties—and this division might oppose any greater force—This Corps will draw its provisions and forage from Conecticut—and might in case of necessity by a march of two days throw itself into these mountains to cover our left.
          If our Magazines at Hartford and Springfield are exposed—I do not think we have it in our power to succour them by detachments from this Army.
          In order to defend Jersey and cover the communication with

            pennsilvania—the present force of My Lord Stirling appears to me far from being adequate by reinforcing him if possible with a brigade, & adding some militia—he might with the Cavalry and light Troops he has—and a great deal of vigilance—prevent the Excursions of the enemy but should the English determine to winter seven or eight thousand men in Jersey what is to hinder them.
          If the enemy is forced to send troops to the Islands we shall certainly be able to keep them within bounds—but as long as he keeps his force collected—he may make expeditions with 6 or 7 thousand men—and nothing but the Season can oppose him.
          These are pretty nearly my Sentiments upon our present Situation—which I have the honor of presenting by order of the Commander in chief.

            Steuben

          N.B. I would lodge the Troops in airy barracks—raised three feet above the surface—a depth of three or four feet to be dug under them and filled with Stones and Straw or wood—An Infirmary to be provided in each Regiment for the reception of the Sick.


Title: To George Washington from Major General John Sullivan, 18 October 1778
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

            Dear General
            Head Quarters Providence Octr 18th [1778]

          I have the honor to acknowledge your Excellency’s esteem’d Favo’r Of the 17th Instant, and shall take every necessary precaution & make every necessary Provision for their Reception, shou’d the Enemy bend their Force this way—In my last I had the Hono’r to inform your Excellency, (which I presume you have before this recievd,) that the Fleet which was the Subject of your Excellency’s enquiry was laden with wood. I have the Honor to remain with the most exalted Sentiments of Regard Yr Excellencys, most obedient & very humble Servant

            Jno. Sullivan


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 18 October 1778
From: Wayne, Anthony
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Fredricksburg 18th Octr 1778

          I have Deliberately Considered the State of facts which your Excellency was pleased to lay before the Council of General Officers, together with the Questions Arising therefrom.
          The first of which has already been Decided upon by Determining that a Detatchment shall March towards Boston.
          The Season being now far Advanced—and the troops begining to Suffer from the Keeness of the Weather & want of Necessary Clothing—I am fully & Clearly of Opinion—that we should without any further loss of time proceed to Building of Hutts for the purpose of Covering the men—such as were made by the Pennsa & Jersey troops during the last Winter at the Valley Forge—by which means an Immense expence will be saved to the Continent.
          I am also of Opinion that your force ought to be Drawn nearly into one focus—by which you will be Secure against any Insult from the Enemy—and in a Condition to Improve the first favourable Opening with Advantage.
          I am Solemnly Opposed to a Division of your Army into Cantonments—the Dangerous Consequences Attending such a Measure are too Obvious to Require any Comment.
          I don’t mean by this, that no force should be kept in the Jersey—on the Contrary I am for Stationing one Brigade in that State—and in such a position as to afford Cover to the Country against any small Detatchment—and at the same time to be Secure from a Surprise—which will be the more easy to Guard against—as the Enemy will have a River to pass in Order to Effect it.
          The forage &ca being chiefly Consumed from Kings Bridge as high up as North Castle and Bedford—a small Covering party in the Vicinity of the Latter (to be Relieved every ten days), will Afford Sufficient Security to that Country without being too much exposed by sending them Lower down—which can Answer no Valuable purpose—but may Subject them to a Surprise by the means of the Caitiff tories  which abound in that Quarter.
          For the Security & ease of your Army, and to Render their Subsistance less difficult & more Certain—and at the same time to Support the Important pass of the Highlands—and thereby keeping it in your power to Afford the necessary Supplies to the French Fleet in case of it’s Remaining where it now is during the Winter; the Banks of the North River will Certainly be the most proper Position for your Winter Quarters.
          If a Sufficient Quantity of good wood for Building & Covering the Hutts & for fireing can be found at King’s Ferry or it’s Vicinity together

            with good Water for the use of the Army—I would Recommend that post in Preference to any Other—but if these Essential Articles can not be had there—then at such Other place between that & Fish Kill as may be found most Suitable—always having in View the Vicinity of the River for the ease of both men & Horses—by the Advantage of Water Carriage whilst the River Continues Open—& Sledding on the Ice in the Winter—which will Always Afford a Great Supply of forage &ca from Albany & the Other parts of the River.
          Your Excellency is too well Acquainted with the Advantage of Such a Position—for to Render it Necessary for me to Offer any thing further in it’s favour.
          I can only Assure Your Excellency that whatever position you may think proper to take—I shall cheerfully agree to—and be always Ready to Serve you with the best Service Of your most Obt & very Hume Sert

            Anty Wayne


Title: To George Washington from James Willis, 18–24 October 1778
From: Willis, James
To: Washington, George

            May it please Your Excellency,
            [c. 18–24 October 1778]

          An unhappy accident attending the exhibition on Saturday Evening last, lays me under the painful necessity of troubling You in this manner.
          Having two Stacks of Grain standing Contiguous to the Fire Works, unfortunately took fire, and were entirely consumed, to the amount at a moderate Computation, to Seventy Bushels of wheat, which considering the peculiar scituation of my Family, a Long time Refugee’s, driven from my Habitation by the cruel ravages of the Enemy; is without Your Excellency’s interposition an irreparable loss as that Article is not procurable but at the most Exorbitant, rate—Placing the utmost Confi dence in Your Excellency’s Justice & Generosity, in issuing an Order which will effectually redress my Loss, I am with every Sentiment of Respect & Esteem Your Excellency’s Obedt & Obliged Hum: Servant.

            James Willis


Title: General Orders, 19 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head-Quarters Frederick’sburgh Monday Octr 19th 78.
            Parole Copenhagen—C. Signs Chatham. Cape-Ann.

          As Coll Greaton is unable to attend the Court Martial whereof he was yesterday appointed President, Lieutt Coll Smith will preside in his room.
          Major Murphy is appointed an Additional Member of the Court which will sit tomorrow morning nine ôClock at the usual Place.
          A General Court Martial of the Line whereof Coll Bradley is appointed President will assemble at the President’s Marqui next friday morning ten ôClock and sit at such place as shall be provided by the Quarter Master General for the trial of Coll Price and such others as shall come before them—Lieutt Colls Hay, Russell & Harney Majors Nichols, Thompson and Holdridge and a Captain from each of the Brigades on the Ground will constitute the Court—All Evidences and Persons concerned to attend.
          Nixon’s, Parsons’s, and Huntington’s Brigades to hold themselves in readiness to march at a moment’s Warning.
          Ensign Richard Fullerton of the 3rd Pennsylvania Regiment is appointed Adjutant to the same from the 1st of July last.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel George Baylor, 19 October 1778
From: Baylor, George
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            Taapan [N.Y.] October 19th 1778

          You have been informed of my unfortunate Surprize of the 28th ultimo, & I make no Doubt of the Circumstances, but I think it my Duty to make them known to you, & at the same Time, to justify my Conduct.
          On the 26 of Septr I was at Paramus with the Regt, where we had been four Days. I directed Major Clough the 26th to send the Quarter-Master out to provide Quarters for the Regiment within four or five Miles of Paramus, & at the same Distance from the Enemy that we then were, & at the same Time gave him my Reasons for so doing; “which he approved of”[;] they were; that I was apprehensive that the Enemy would; if we remained more than three or four Days in one Place, attempt what they executed in two Days afterwards.
          On the Morning of the 27th I marched the Regt to the Quarters provided for us at Herringtown, & made it my Business, the Moment I arrived there, to make every necessary Enquiry about the Roads leading from the Enemy’s Encampment to our Quarters, & also went out & examined the Country myselfe—I was of Opinion it was the most secure Place I could have stationed myselfe in, & that it was convenient to gain the earliest Intelligence of the Movement of the Enemy as it would have been had not they recieved the most particular Intelligence of our Guard & Patrole.
          There were two Roads leading from the Enemies Camp to our Quarters, one on each side of the Hackensack River, they joined at a Bridge, at half a Mile’s Distance from our Quarters, where I myselfe fixed a Guard, of a Serjeant & twelve Men, with particular Orders to keep a Patrole of two Men out on each of these Roads constantly w[hic]h were to patrole a Mile below the Guard, & to be relieved every hour, the Guard were orderd to keep the strictest Looch out at the Bridge, & I have Reason to believe that these Orders were punctually obeyed.
          On the 28th early in the Morning the Enemy marched up on the west Side the Hackinsack River within half a Mile of the Distance the Patroles went down the Road—they there sent off a Detachment through the Fields some Distance from the Road untill they had got above the Guard, which they cut off without our hearing of it. All Communication being cut off from our Parties they marched up to our Quarters, & executed the horrid Massacree of which Doctor Griffith will inform you the particulars as appears from the Depositions.

          I am happy to inform you that my wounds are nearly well & that I hope soon to regain my former State of Health. I am with Respect your most obt and very Humble Servant

            George Baylor


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 19 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

            Dear Sir
            Head Quarters Fredericksburg 19th October 1778

          I last evening recd the inclosed from Congress with a request that I would take measures for carrying the plan recommended by Colo. Hartley into execution. The advices which I have just recd from different quarters bear the strongest marks of an immediate evacuation of New York. These considerations induce me, should it be deemed expedient, to make an addition to Colonel Cortlands command by sending up the whole of Genl Clintons Brigade, except Van Schaicks Regt which is to releive Gansevoorts at Fort Schuyler. In that case, Genl Clinton would go with his Brigade. I do not know the situation of Chemung, the place which Colo. Hartley advises to be possessed by us, and cannot therefore say whether the same body of Men which are to be employed upon the Anaquaga expedition, could afterwards break up the settlement at Chemung.
          I shall send General Hand to take command at Albany in the room of Genl Stark who goes to Rhode Island. perhaps by enlarging our force in the manner I have before mentioned, we may be enabled to carry on our operations upon the frontier upon a more extensive plan, by forming one expedition under the immediate command of Genl Clinton, and another under Genl Hand or Colo. Butler composed of the troops already to the Northward.
          That there may be a more free and full communication upon this subject, I have desired Genl Clinton, Genl Hand and Colo. Cortland to wait upon you. As your legislature is now sitting there must be Gentlemen from every part of the State well acquainted with the Frontier—the different Routes—the resources of the Country and many matters conducive to the conduct and success of such an Expedition.

          After having made the proper use of Col<o.> Hartley’s letter, be pleased to return it to me, as I have not a Copy. I am with the greatest Regard Yr Excellency’s most obt Serv<t>

            Go: Washington

          p.s. Be pleased to forward the inclosed to General Stark by the earliest Conveyance.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Horatio Gates, 19 October 1778
From: Gates, Horatio
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Danbury [Conn.] 19th October 1778.

          General Poor’s Brigade will halt this night at Newtown; and in Obedience to your Orders received Yesterday Evening by the bearer, The Late Learned’s Brigade will march to morrow morning by the same route; General Poor being unable to go with the Troops, his Brigade will be Commanded by Colonel Hazen, and the late Learneds by Colonel Bailey. Your Excellency’s Commands, in respect to Discipline, and to prevent marauding and Devastation upon the march, is in the strongest manner directed, by my Orders and Instructions, to the Field Officers Commanding the Brigades. In case Your Excellency should find it necessary for them to proceed from Hartford to Boston, the Route You sent me, is given to each of the Colonels. From the last paragraph of Your Excellency’s Letter, and from conjecture that arises in my own mind, I am convinced Boston, or an intire Evacuation of the United States, are the only Objects the Enemy can have in view. I am, Sir, Your Excellency’s most Obedient Humble Servant

            Horatio Gates


Title: To George Washington from Major General Horatio Gates, 19 October 1778
From: Gates, Horatio
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Danbury [Conn.] 19th October 1778

          Having most attentively examin’d the several important Objects, which Your Excellency recommended to the consideration of each Member who Composed the late Council of War, I find from the uncertainty of Your Excellencys intelligence, respecting the Designs of the Enemy; That two opinions are to be Given. The One; in Case The Fleet, & Army now in, and near New York, & upon Rhode Island, should Direct their Main Strength against the French Fleet, & the Town of Boston: The Other; for the proper Posting, and Covering of the Army of U. States for the Winter; in doing which, respect is to be had to the probable Stations, & Positions, of the Enemy. In Answer to the First of these Questions, I shall repeat to Your Excellency, that it is my firm Opinion, that there are no Objects within the Territories of the Thirteen States, but the Destruction of The French Fleet, and the possession of the Town of Boston, which at this period of the War, can engage the Enemys Attention; The more I consider the Actual State of the British Empire, the more I am confirm’d in this Opinion; therefore no further Answer is necessary to that Question; As Your Excellency’s Wisdom and Experience, will Sufficiently point out to You what is best to do upon that Occasion, I shall proceed to the Second part: I have observed the general Opinion is, that a large Detachment of The Enemys Fleet, & Army, are upon the point of leaving New York. I cannot believe that they intend to do that, at this Season of the Year, to return thither This Winter. I think therefore, no more Troops are necessary for the Guard of West point, The Highland passes, Hudsons River, and the East side of Jersey, than an equal Number to those the Enemy may leave in New York, & The posts in its Vicinity; when the Strength the Enemy leave in those posts, is, with a proper degree of precision ascertain’d; then perhaps, the Barracks, & Buildings Erected, & Erecting, with the Covering that may be Obtained in, & near Fish-kill, & the Contiguous Towns; will be sufficient to Shelter the Force employ’d to Check the Enemy in their Winter Excursions, out of New York. within a few days we shall have light enough to Guide us through this Difficulty. in the mean Time, The Q.M.G., & His Assistants, may Visit all the Buildings, Villages,

            Grounds, & posts necessary to be Occupied, & report Exactly how many Troops can be conveniently Cover’d therein. I well know that last year the Army, from the necessity of the Case, did build a Town for their Winter Quarters; & that too, after Xmas day; but I am not certain they would cheerfully do the same thing this Year, unless the same pressing exigency required so extraordinary an Exertion of their Labour: As the Forming a large Magazine of Flower upon the East side of Hudsons River is of the greatest consequence to the Army of the U. States, I beg leave to recommend it to your Excellency, that no means be neglected to accomplish so Essential a Service, In this, regard must be had to Sledges, as well as wheel Carriages; The Enemy may also very soon give us an Opening to send a Supply from philadelphia by Sea, such an Opportunity should be immediately Seized, a Number of Vessels should lay Loaded with Flower at philadelphia, and be ready to push off at an Hours Warning; but the project should be Executed, with all the Secrecy it is capable of. As to our Relation with the French Fleet, I do not see how the British Forces could prevent it; and I trust Your Excellency will Discountenance whatever might tend to disturb the Harmony which is Establish’d between France, & the United States; Our people are so well disposed already towards France, that I have not the least doubt of the Success, if we likewise Supply the French Fleet in the best manner we can. I am Sir Your Excellencys most Obedt Servant

            Horatio Gates


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Edward Hand, 19 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Hand, Edward

            Sir
            [Fredericksburg, 19 October 1778]

          You are forthwith to proceed to Albany and take the command at that place and its dependencies—The forts on the frontiers, and all the Troops employed there will be comprehended under your general command and direction—Besides the garrisons, there are at this time Warners Regiment—Aldens, the fourth Pensylvania Regiment under Lieut. Colo. Butler and the rifle corps, late Morgan’s—now commanded by Major Posey. The principal objects of your attention will be the defence of the frontiers, from the depredations of the Enemy,

            and the annoyance of their settlements, as much as circumstances will permit; in which you will be aided by the militia of the Country.
          The late repeated incursions of the Savages and the mischief they have effected, have determined me to direct an expedition against Anaquaga, one of the chief places of their rendezvous. It is my present intention that General Clinton with a part of his Brigade shall be employed in this business, and Governor Clinton will furnish a body of militia, to assist in the enterprise. I have directed the former to proceed to Poughkeepsie, and consult the latter fully on the manner and means of conducting it—The Troops which are now on the frontier will either form a junction with these to render the operation more decisive; or according to circumstances may co-operate and form a diversion in their favor by making an attempt upon some other point—It will therefore be useful for you to be present at this consultation, to acquire thorough information of the nature of the expedition and the manner of co-operation; and I also recommend it to you to advise with the Governor at large upon the several matters, which will fall within the notice of your command—His extensive knowledge of the frontier and the resources of the Country in general will be very serviceable to you.
          General Stark now commands at Albany—I have written to him informi<ng> him that you are to succeed him. He will communicate all the particulars necessary for your information—I wish your earliest attention to be paid to the state of the Garrisons—to see whether the supplies of stores of every kind in them are sufficient—or if they are not to make up the deficiency. Given at Head Qua[r]ters the 19th October 1778.

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Johann Kalb, 19 October 1778
From: Kalb, Johann
To: Washington, George

            Camp at New Hackensack [N.J.] octr 19th 1778.

          To the objects His Excellency General Washington proposed on the 16th inst: to the Consideration of a Board of General officers, My observations are as follows.
          It has been my opinion ever Since last month of may & Still is, that the Enemies will leave New-york & Rhode Island States, & employ their Forces to protect their kingdoms & West Indies, the defense of which Seems rather more natural then to waste their Treasures on an imaginary Conquest.
          However I may fail in my conjecture, it being common to British ministry to take often wrong measures Since thier contest with america. Therefore it is possible they may leave Some Troops to Garrison New york & Newport, as long as they are masters of the Rivers. I think credit may be given to the report of their making considerable Detachments. (if not an intire Evacuation) The possible destination of which ought to be considered.
          If going home or to the West Indies, we have done with them.
          If they intend an attempt on charlestown or any other part in the Southern States, the great distance puts it out of the Power of this army to give them timely assistance, So this is also out of the question.
          There is Little appearance they will go back into Delawar as long as the French Fleet remains in america, especially, if, as it is reported, the English heavy Ships are to Sail for the West Ind[ies].
          The only object to be attended to is Boston & the French Fleet, but whether the Season is not too far advanced already for Such an Enterprise, by Sea, (if Even they did Scorn the position & Batteries of Count d’Estaing’s) may be better known by Gentlemen of this Board, acquainted with the Harbours, Coasts & Winds to the Eastward, at this Season. It appears by what was observed in Council by Gl Gates, Gl Greene & Gl knox, that Such an attempt would be dangerous, if not intirely impracticable on the Sea Side—Their attempting it by Land from Rhode Island Seems also to be attended with very great obstacles, the want of the necessary Waggons for Such a march, (it cannot be Suposed they will be brought in Transports to their Landing places) the difficulties for Subsistence, the obstructions our Troops on Connecticut river and under Gl Sullivan would throw into their way, to impede them, & give time to our main army to come up

            with them, & to Collect a large body of militia in thick Settled Countries, & finally the fortifications of Boston & Environs would render their enterprise fruitless, & expose them to the loss of their whole army. For all these considerations I think that the report of their Sailing for Boston is groundless, & the embarkation hath no other object then to Send Troops Home or to Jamaica.
          However it is prudent to give a proper attention to the defense of all the States round or near the Enemies, in case they keep New-york.
          For that purpose it appears to me, the Winter quarters could be taken on both Sides of North River, not below Westpoint or kingsferry, & not above Fishkill or Poughkeepsie, the Medium of those places would be in part of the Highlands, but the Scarcity of Towns & houses (and these few full of refugee’d Families) will make it necessary to Barrack or Hutt in convenient places for water & plenty of Wood.
          A party of the Troops on the East Shore could be detached towards Croton river, without Bagage & relieved every month, to watch the movements of the enemy, & keep up the communication with Connecticut.
          That part of the army on the West Shore, to be Hutted or quartered Some what lower down the River or at the Clove, to protect the Jerseys from incursions, & cover our convoys & communication with the Southern States.
          A party may be equally advanced & relieved monthly.
          The Two Bodies of the army to Support each other as long or as often as North River will be passable either in Boats or on the Ice, but act Separately & retreat as far as necessity may require it, if attacked or marched upon by the Enemy, when the mutual Support cannot take place.
          One Brigade might also be Stationed at Elizabeth Town or Newark, to observe the movements of the Enemy from Staten Island Bergen &c. & communicate with the advanced party from the right wing of the army.
          I propose & give the preference to this method of Quartering the army in Collect Bodies. The Cantoneering & Scattering the Troops being destructive of order, Discipline & hath many other inconveniences, besides the neglect in Manoeuvring, the Tediousness of assembling the Troops & circulating the orders.
          In this Situation the army will not be exposed to Surprise or too much fatigue by Duty, and able to observe the Enemy, give Succour where required, protect the Country as much as possible, & Secure the Posts on North River, which may rightly be esteemed essential & deserving to be preserved.
          To cover all parts of this and the adjacent States, is impossible &

            merely Ideal, as long as the Enemies are in Possession of the Rivers & Coasts.
          As to the Subsistence both of Provisions & forage it might be observed, that a Smaller number of Teams will be necessary for the daily Service of the army while in large bodies, then otherwise, that by this means the Greater number of Horses may be Sent away & be easier provided for at a distance.
          The Forage for the horses to be kept in Camp ought to be collected in time into magazins (as Soon as His Excellency will have decided the Grounds for Winter quarters) on both Sides of the River, to be issued regularly & with oeconomy, by proper persons appointed thereunto.
          In regard to Provisions, the Flour being Sent by the Southern States, a quantity ought to be Stored up on the East Side at Fish-kill &c. as also other kinds of Provisions, for reason of the impracticability of the River at certain times, before the Roads become bad. A number of Cattle to be Sent to the West Side to Suply the right wing with Beef, during the Same time the River may be impassable.

            The Baron de Kalb


Title: To George Washington from George Measam, 19 October 1778
From: Measam, George
To: Washington, George

          Letter not found: from George Measam, 19 Oct. 1778. Measam wrote GW on 20 Oct.: “In my last of yesterday I advised your Excellency that I had sent off nearly all the Blankets in this Store 6 Bales and a Hhd remaining.”


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General John Nixon, 19 October 1778
From: Nixon, John
To: Washington, George

            Fredericksburgh 19th Octor 1778

          Upon mature deliberation of his Excellency’s Questions Laid before the council of war—relative to the Disposition of his Army this Winter—I would beg leave to Suggest my Thoughts in the following Manner with my reasons for the Same.
          as to the whole of the army being in a Compact Body—there are Some Difficulties which operate against it—which (in my opinion) Counter ballence the advantages resulting therefrom—Such as the Difficulties of supplying the Soldiers with Necessarys conducive to their Health & Constitution—as also in subjecting them to Danger shd the Enemy make an Excursion from the Sound to get in our Rear—likewise in procuring sufficiency of Forrage for those Cattle & Horses which would be necessary to keep in Camp to perform the necessary Duty thereof—To divide the army exclusive of the necessary Posts In the Jerseys & west Point—into two grand Divisions appears most elegible to me, one in the Gorge of the Mountains & the other at Danbury—Viz. about 5 or 6 Brigds. at Danbury & the others between the Mountains. Shd the Enemy salley out of N. York and attempt to come up the North River—the Troops stationed at Danbury might be a Timely Succour to those at the Mountains, or should they land a Body of Troops at the Sound to Penetrate thro’ the Country to get in the Rear of West Point and the army posted near there—those Troops at Danbury would be ready to oppose them till they could be succour’d from the other Division—also they might be more commodiously supplied with comfortable necessarys during the winter shd they remain undisturbed—another Reason is—Shd the Enemy unexpectedly attempt to Capture Count Destang’s Fleet—attack Boston &c. those Troops at Danbury would be much nearer to march to their assistance.
          To build Hutts compact for the Conveniences of the army whether they shd be seperated or formed into one Body appears to be necessary—for the Defence—good Government & Regulation of the Troops Should the Enemy remain in their present Situation. Sir I have

            the honr to be with profound respect you[r] Excellencys most obedt & very humble Servt

            Jno. Nixon B.G.

          N:B. I Beg Leave to suggest to your Excellency the Expediency <of> posting the Troops belonging to Massachusetts Bay as near each other as the Service will admit—for the Conveniency of their equally receiving the Benefit of those Necessarys which may be sent from Time to Time from Sd state.


Title: To George Washington from the Magistrates and Selectmen of Norwalk, Connecticut, 19 October 1778
From: Magistrates and Selectmen of Norwalk, Connecticut
To: Washington, George

            May it please your Excellency,
            Norwalk [Conn.] 19th October 1778

          We have to acknowledge your Excellency’s Favour of the 15th Instant, and esteem it a signal Favour that the Supreme command of the Continental Army is committed to a Gentleman of your Excellency’s Ability and Justice; And an Advocate for the support of Civil Authority.
          We are averse to excite any Contention between the Inhabitants and Army, but would gladly cultivate harmony and the most oblidging Treatment; and it is with regret we have accused any of your Army, but the support of Civil Authority we think Essential to the Security of our Lives and property, and should think ourselves deficient in our Trust not to remonstrate against any attempts to subvert Civil Order. Your Excellency’s ready concurrence with our request merits our Sincere gratitude.
          We have sent Mesrs Samuel Gates and James Lockwood in conformity to your Excellencys directions Evidences in Support of the Charge alledged against Capt. Stoddard—should have sent them sooner but could not in our dispersed Situation—their private affairs are such as will not admit thier Absence any Time without great damage to their Interest therefore request your Excellency to dispatch them as soon as may be which we shall esteem a favour. We are Sir your Excellencys most obt and mo[s]t humle Servts

              Thaddeus BettsSamll Cook Silliman
              }
              Justices of peace

              Nathll BenedictNehemiah Benedict
              Jesse Raymond David Comstock Daniel Betts
              }
              Selectmen of the Town of Norwalk


Title: To George Washington from Richard Peters, 19 October 1778
From: Peters, Richard
To: Washington, George

          Letter not found: from Richard Peters, 19 Oct. 1778. GW wrote Peters on 11 Nov.: “I have been honored with yours of the 19th 27th 28th and 29th Ulto.”


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Charles Scott, 19 October 1778
From: Scott, Charles
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Near Bedford [N.Y.] 19th October 1778

          I recd Your Excellencys favour of this days Date. Previous to which, I had sent off Colo. Gist with his Corps towards Tarry town and below I have another party of about 250 who is to march at three oClock in the morning on the wards Road whilst Majr Lees whole Corps will advance under the Cover of these two parties and make what Discoverys they Can. I have already given orders that in case the enemy Should have evacuated the Isld and City that they take post at kings Bridg with One hundred men and prevent any person going in And

            immediatly Report to me at the Same time Draw off the rest of the troops. Since writing the above I recd Accts from one of My lookouts who Says he had it from a good man of his own Choice, that about ten thousand Troops are certainly imbarked and Must have Saild before this Intillegence could reach me. he Says that about Twenty Ships of War are lying off the Hook Waiting to convoy the Fleet. it is generally given Out by the torys and Diseffected people in York that they are going to boston. those of a more Frendly Disposition Say they are going to the west Indies. By a Deserter from kings Bridg Night before last I am told that there are two Regiments Still incamped near Fort Washington. he himself Belongs to the New Leavys who are at and near Independance with Some Jagers in the whole not More than three or at most four hundred. I have Several persons out in Quest of intelligence the Greater part of them are the Best men in this Part of the Country and well Accquainted in & About York, that I have a right to expect the Best Intilligence possable, every Six or 8 hours My Stock of Cash is almost Exausted Should be Praud of a further Supply if to be had. I am Your Excellencys Obt Servant

            Chs Scott


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General John Stark, 19 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Stark, John

            Sir,
            Head Quarters [Fredericksburg] 19th Octobr 1778

          By recent intelligence from the city of New York, there are the strongest appearances of a general evacuation. Where the force of the enemy will be next directed can only be the subject of conjecture; but it is generally supposed, if they operate again any where in the United States, it will be against Boston and the French fleet. Should this event take place, your influence near the seat of war will enable you to render more essential service there, than where you now are. With a view to this, I am to desire you will forthwith proceed to join General Sullivan at Providence. General Hand will succeed to your present command, to whom on his arrival at Albany you will be pleased to communicate every thing necessary for his information and government. I am Sir Your most Obedt servant.


Title: General Orders, 20 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head-Quarters Frederick’sburgh Tuesday Octr 20th 1778.
            Parole Sandown—C. Signs Saco. Sydenham.

          Doctor Cochran during the absence of Doctor Burnett is to do the duty of Physician & Surgeon General in the Army in the Eastern Department.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Duportail, 20–21 October 1778
From: Duportail, Antoine-Jean-Louis Le Bègue de Presle
To: Washington, George

            Monsieur
            a 6 miles de la providence Ce 20[-21] 8bre 1778

          jai lhonneur de vous presenter mes observations sur boston. je les aurois envoyé plus tot s’il ne m’avoit fallu attendre six ou sept jours quèlles fussent traduîtes esperant d’ailleurs les avoir à tout moment. enfin on ne me les à Rendu qu’avant hyer et je suis party le lendemain C’est a dire hyer en prenant Congè du general heath j’ai appris que 10 Regiments anglois s’etoient embarqués a neuf-york. Cette nouvelle ayant fait Croire tout d’un Coup qu’ils venoient à boston, j’ai d’abord hesitè si je ne Resterois pas, mais ensuite Considerant Cet evenement avec attention, il m’a paru prouver le Contraire. les anglois n’entreprendront surement pas de venir à boston avec 5 ou six mille hommes. jai donc pensé que si effectivement ils projettoient Cette expedition, ou ils embarqueroient sur le champ les autres troupes qu’ils ont à newyork ou ils viendroient prendre à newport Ce qu’il y en a, que je serois plus à portée d’etre bien informé près de la providence de Ce qui se passeroit. ainsi je suis venu icy d’ou mr de la radiere est allè a la providence et viendra m’informer de Ce qu’il y aura de nouveau. sil apprend que les anglois ayent tout à fait evacué newyork et qu’on ne scache pas où ils sont allés nous Retournerons à boston. de même sils evacuent newport sans qu’on soit assurè de leur destination. mais du moment qu’on aura des nouvelles à peu près sur qu’ils n’ont aucun dessein Contre boston, j’auray l’honneur de Rejoindre votre excellence. je souhaite infiniment que les anglois ne tentent aucune expedition Contre Cette ville. Car il y a beaucoup à faire pour la mettre en etat de defense et on travaille extremement lentement; de facon qu’en Cas d’allarme de Ce Cote, il ne faut Compter que sur les troupes qu’on y Rassemblera pour L’ennemy estre maitre du pays autour de boston Cest estre maitre de boston, En moins il ne faut qu’un Coup de vigueur.
          javois proposé au general heath que mr de la radiere Restat pour tracer les ouvrages à faire, mais Comme il a Reçu Cette proposition avec beaucoup de froideur, je n’ay pas Cru devoir insister davantage. jay lhonneur d’etre avec Respect de votre excellénce le tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur

            Duportail

            de la providence Ce 21. mr de la radiere à appris hyer par un francois echangé que les troupes embarkees sont au nombre on dit de 14 milles hommes, Ce qui prouve au moins quil y en a plus de 7 ou 8. l’offer est sur quil y a environ Cent batimens de transport. tout Cela est escortè par 16 vaisseaux de guerre et il n’en Reste que cinq a newyork. d’après

              Ces nouvelles il me paroit tres Clair que Cette escadre et Ces vaisseaux ne sont pas partis pour l’europe Car les troupes et les vaisseaux Restant à newyork Coureroient de trop grands dangers. ils sont donc partis pour quelque expedition. sera—ce au nord ou au sud, Cela est difficile a deviner mais dans l’incertitude il m’a paru plus sage de Retourner à boston. jy Resteray jusquà Ce qu’on scache Ce que Cet escadre est devenue et j’ose me flatter que votre excellence m’approuvera.


Title: From George Washington to Royal Flint, 20 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Flint, Royal

            Sir
            Head Quarters Fredericksbg 20th October 1778

          There is the strongest reason to suppose that a great part of the Army will continue this Winter upon the East side of Hudsons River. The season approaches fast when it will be next to impossible, on account of the Roads, to bring forward a sufficiency of Flour even for daily consumption. The distress to which we were reduced last Winter at Valley Forge, for want of a proper Magazine, makes me extremely sollicitous to see such an one established in time, as will, with what can be brought forward occasionally, supply the exigencies of the Army without difficulty.
          I therefore desire you immediately to set every Engine at work to get as much Flour as possible brought from the southward and stored upon the East side of the River in the neighbourhood of Fishkill. It will there be convenient to the Highland posts—to the Army—should it be barracked any where upon the River—or be ready for transportation to the Eastward should there be occasion to move to that quarter.
          Whatever Flour may be purchased upon the Head of Hudsons River should be brought down while the navigation continues open. Genl Schuyler who is well acquainted with the River, informs me that it is no uncommon thing to have it froze over by the middle of November. You therefore see the necessity of losing no time in having the flour from thence brought down.
          It is probable that two or three Regiments besides the garrison of Fort schuyler may be quartered at Albany, Schenectady and Saratogha

            this Winter. Your deputy at Albany should make provision for such an event. I am Sir Your most obt Servt

            Go: Washington

          p.s. Since writing the above a reason occurs for keeping a Magazine of Flour up the North River. If therefore you can possibly subsist the Army in that Article without bringing any down from thence, I would wish it may remain there.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 20 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

            Sir
            Head Quarters Fredericksbg 20th October 1778

          Since I wrote to you last I have recd accounts from New York which I think may be depended upon that the greatest part if not the whole of that Garrison are upon the point of embarking. A considerable number had embarked. Upwards of one hundred sail of square rigged Vessels besides a great number of Sloops and schooners fell down to the Hook on the 16th and 17th.
          Under these circumstances I think it safe and prudent to direct Genl pattersons Brigade to move forward tomorrow after Poors and late Learneds. I desire that you will proceed with them and take the command of the whole. You will not move beyond Harford without hearing further from me. By the time the troops arrive there, if not before, I shall know with certainty whether a total evacuation is meant.
          I recd yours last evening with your own opinion subscribed by Generals Poor and Patterson. I am Sir Your most obt Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Edward Hand, 20 October 1778
From: Hand, Edward
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Poughkeepsie [N.Y.] 20th Octr 1778

          His Excelly Gouvernor Clinton having information that the Settlement at Anaquaga is already Destroyed, & that the Enemy has retired to Chemung a Settlement 56 miles distant from thence, on the Cayhuga River, where agreable to Col. Hartleys Account they are fortifying themselves, he has drawn the Outlines of an Expedition against Chemung to be executed this fall or early in the spring as your Excelly thinks most Adviseable, with which Genl Clinton waits on you—for my own part Considering that the Navigation of the waters leading to Chemung cant be depended on later than the middle of November, I am very Apprehensive it is too late to think of it at this Advanced Season.
          Gouvernor Clinton has made Application to me in favour of the distressed inhabitants of the German Flats Settlement who have lost their All by the late depredations of the Enemy, importing that these people must undoubtedly evacuate that valuable part of the Country unless Supplied with Provision—they were for some time Allowed Rations at the expence of the Continent which Genl Stark has lately withheld. I cant think my self at liberty to continue that indulgence without particular Instructions, but as the military operations in that part of the Country would be much impeded by the desertion of that Settlement, have proposed to the Gouvernor to Supply them for the present by the way of loan, to be replaced by the State of N.Y. provided Congress do not direct otherwise, & that it meets your Excellys Ascent.
          I intend waiting here untill I can hear farther from your Excy as it will be Absolutely Necessary that I be fully inform’d of the plan that is to be followed in the reduction of Chemung.
          The Inhabitants of the German Flats Occupied Forts Daton & Karkimer at the time there Settlements were destroy’d, & it is represented by them that they Still hold these places which must be Garrisoned by Continental Troops if the Inhabitants move away. I am Sir your Excellys most Obedt and most Hble Servt

            Edwd Hand


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 20 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

            Dear sir
            Head Quarters Fredericksburgh 20th Otbr 1778

          In my last letter of the 18th Instant I observed that the whole current of intelligence from New-york suggested an immediate evacuation of the City—My accounts from different quarters still wear the same complexion. An intelligent officer stationed at Amboy reports—“that the 16th Otbr about twelve ships fell down to the Hook—and the 17th early in the morning about one hundred ships of war, and transports also fell down to the hook”—Lord Stirling who transmits this information, says, that signal guns have been firing all day (17th) in New-york bay, which he supposes were for more ships to follow. I am Dr Sir your most hble sert

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from George Measam, 20 October 1778
From: Measam, George
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Springfield [Mass.] Oct. 20th 1778

          In my last of yesterday I advised your Excellency that I had sent off nearly all the Blankets in this Store 6 Bales and a Hhd remaining; But upon examination there proves to be 1482 as pr this Invoice, besides sufficient to complete your order to Colonel Alden’s Lt Col: Butler of the 4th Pennsyla and Major Posey’s Corps; and a very few remain which will come on in the next.
          I have endeavoured to send the ordinary Uniforms first; the remainder as fast as possible, but the Hose &ca are yet on the Road from Ports-mouth. I believe no more Blankets are expected. I have the honor to be, Your Excellency’s Most obedient Servant

            Geo. Measam

          7498 Blankets gone, 1482 now by Hesekah Spencer, Conductr as pr his Rect enclosed.


Title: To George Washington from John Mitchell, 20 October 1778
From: Mitchell, John
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Philada 20th Octr 1778

          I had the honor of writing you last week by Express. I have since seen a Chariot wch I believe wou’d do for a Traveling Carriage for Mrs Washington. it is Mrs Montgomery’s, is in tolerable good order, has a box wch can be taken off, the Harness pretty good, a proper Saddle for a Postillion &c., the price is £750—what wou’d be Necessary to make it compleat wou’d cost about £75 more—I have ingaged the prefferance of it for your Excellency—if you think it will Answer your purpose—it is the best to be got here, and as reasonable as can be expected from the very extravagent price of every article & the folly of people in General giving into those prices—wch seems to encrease every day, where it will end God knows.

          Your Excellency will oblige me by your determination by the return of the Express—hope the Trunks &c. has got safe & pleases you—I have sent to York Town & Carlisle to procure a Bear Skin for you, but have not yet been able to procure one—nothing will give me greater pleasure then to have an Opportunity of serving your Excellency in every thing in my power I beg your excuse for this Letter as I am Obliged to write in great heast, being surounded with people—I have the honor to be with great respect Your Excellencys Most obedt & most hume Servant

            Jno. Mitchell


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Charles Scott, 20 October 1778
From: Scott, Charles
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Near Bedford [N.Y.] October 20th 1778 5 oClock

          I have this moment got som intelligince worth Your Excellencys Attention, which I have inclosd You Seperately. as You may think of many things To ask the Spie I have provided him a horse and Shall forward him to head Quarters as fast as Possable. I have advanced to him twenty one dollars To Carry him to his Regiment which I hope Your Excy Will approves—You will also find inclosd a letter of Genl Knyphausens Respecting the Behavour of one of Our Flags taking some Cattle from a Country man on his return from the enemys lines, and the answer that I propose sending to it. but first wish to have Your Approbation. I expect Some farther Accounts from the City tomorrow when rec’d I shall Forward thim With dispatch. I am Your Excellencys Obt Servant

            Chs Scott


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Seymour, 20 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Seymour, Thomas

            sir.
            Head Qurs near Fredericksburg Octo. 20th 1778

          I received your favor of the 6th Instant by Lt Ellsworth, with the inclosure referred to; and also the Company Rolls and pay Abstract of the Horse under your command, in 1776. The Rolls and Abstract, according to constant practice, were transmitted to the pay master General for examination, by Mr Ellsworth, who reported that they contained a load of inadmissible & unprecedented charges—&c. such as in justice to the public, he could by no means think himself authorised to allow. Under these circumstances, a Warrant could not be granted for the claim, and the adjustment of it is rendered the more difficult—by the length of time since the Horse were out; and by all my papers & Letters of that date, which respect the matter, being deposited at philadelphia. It is my wish to do justice in all cases, both to the public and to Individuals, but, in the present instance, I cannot act & bring matters to a conclusion for want of proper information. After the report of the pay Master, I wrote to Colonel Sheldon, hoping that his memory would serve to clear up some points in question—but it will not. I mean as soon as the situation of things will admit, to collect all my papers together & when I obtain such as relate to this subject, I will take the earliest opportunity to advise you—in the mean time the Rolls & Abstract will remain with me unless you should call for ’em. I am sir Your Most Obedt servt

            G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Stirling, 20 October 1778
From: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            Elizabeth Town [N.J.] October 20th 1778 at Noon

          The foregoing is Copy [of] a letter I wrote your Excellency yesterday Afternoon from Amboy, I have Since received the two enclosed letters from Major Howell, he is Certainly Mistaken as to the Number of Ships which Sailed yesterday as they were Counted while at Anchor by several persons at Amboy who all Agreed they were between 120 & 130 15 Sail of the Line and 10 or 12 frigates, there Came down to the hook in the Afternoon near 30 Sail, two of them were either the New 44 Gun or 50 Gun Ships Two frigates & the rest Transports, These all Sailed this Morning by day light with a Strong breese at West. Nothing remains now at Sandy hook but two Guard Ships, one of them a Ship of the Line defective in her Masts, which for want of proper timber they have not been Able to repair Since the great Storm.
          I have received your Excellency’s letter of the 17th. I hope you will think I have anticipated your request’s with regard to Intelligence. I have not yet been to Obtain any Certain Intelligence of what Ships of War remain within the Narrows; but I do not belive there is one Capital Ship there, two or three fifty fours are the Only large ones I had any account of.
          I shall Continue to have a good look kept up, and to give you the Earliest account of whatever happens & am your Excellency’s Most Obedient Humble Servt

            Stirling,


Title: From George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 20 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

            Dear sir.
            Head Quarters Fredericksburg 20th Otbr 1778

          In my last letter of the 18th Inst. I observed that the whole tenor of intelligence from New-York suggested an immediate evacuation of the place. My accounts since from different quarters still wear the same complexion and seem to bring it nearer to a crisis. An

            intelligent officer stationed at Amboy reports—that on the 16th Otbr about twelve ships fell down to the Hook—and the 17th early in the morning about one hundred ships of war, and transports also fell down to the Hook. Lord Stirling who transmits this information, says, that the officer does not include Schoone[r]s sloops and such vessels in his report—and adds that signal guns have been firing almost all day (17th) in New-York bay, which he supposes were for more ships to follow.
          Thus we see every circumstance supposes an evacuation at hand, tho’ the enemy’s object or destination cannot be investigated from those circumstances. The preparations, or movements in your quarter if well known I would think more immediately tend to this discovery at least they may serve to ascertain with more certainty—whether a general evacuation of the States be intended. For this purpose you will take every method to discover what is going forward in the garrison—among the shipping—whether it is employed in the embarkation of stores and of what kind—In short every minute motion and circumstance should be collected—you will spare no reasonable expence to gain this information nor make any delay in its communication.
          I have directed Gen. Stark from Albany to join you From your former request to have the general with you I am disposed to beleive you will not be dissatisfied, and that you will be able to find him an agreeable command. I am Dr Sir, your most hble sert.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Charles Mynn Thruston, 20 October 1778
From: Thruston, Charles Mynn
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            Octo. 20th [1778] Camp at Fredericksburg.

          As I am fearful of giving your Excellency too much trouble, amidst the multiplicity & importance of your engagements, I venture to address you by letter on my case, which I wish to be considered as a brief memorial, or representation of it; and from which your Excellency will be pleased to make such determination, as shall be agreeable with the custom of the army, with reason & equity. And once for all permit Me to assure your Excellency that whatever may be the nature of the determination, I shall most chearfully acquiesce with it. First,

            without entering into a minute recapitulation of the circumstances of my appointment, most politely tendered, & without a solicitation, I would bespeak the attention of your Excellency to my situation at that juncture, to the weak state I continued in for more than six months after my return to Virginia, & to the very inactive one for more than twelve; These I trust together with a law commonly called the exempt law passed in that State will fully account to Your Excellency for the poor progress made in filling up the regiment; as for this end, and to acquit myself to You is the leading reason for my now giving You the trouble of perusing this. Greatly discouraged as I was by the unpromising prospect of doing anything to purpose in the regimental business, and withal sunk to the dust by the most unjust & cruel of prosecutions, entered against Me in my absence by inveterate & powerful adversaries, I sometime in the autumn succeeding my appointment writ your Excellency a letter, giving an account of the slender probability there remained of collecting any respectable body of men; and amongst other things took the freedom to mention this prosecution, and to intreat a suspension of Your Excellency’s Judgment, until I should have an opportunity of defending myself. For potent as my enemies were, & from the loud cry opened against Me, I was not without apprehensions of being struck off the list of Officers, without a hearing. But as a Soldier, my dependence was in your Justice, conscious of my own innocence, and sure of being acquitted, as indeed I was, almost without a defence. I allude to these circumstances, in order to call your Excellency’s recollection to another part of my letter—Vizt that if my enemies should prevail, & prove me guilty of the charge, I must of course resign my appointment, & might drop all insinuation, that the cruel treatment I had recieved, added to a despondence of ever being able to complete a competent command, were well nigh discouraging me from acting in any event. This if my Memory fail not, or something of this import, was all I mentioned on the subject, and what I think, could never be constered [construed] as a resignation; as nothing could be farther from my intention. For as I had reason to imagine the partiality shewn Me by Your Excellency, Was the fountain from which my misfortunes sprung, and which put in motion the long latent Malice of my enemies, so the last thing I should have done, Would have been, to gratify them by declining the Honour done Me: And that My conduct has been influenced by this Idea, is sufficiently evident. For had I concieved myself out of service, or that it was not my indispensable duty to wait on Your Excellency for Orders, to the end, that if there were no command for Me, Yet that something definitive might be done in the affair; I say had either of these been the case, I certainly should not have undertaken so long, & perhaps dangerous

            a Journey, in my situation; as exclusively of this consideration, there could be no inducement equivalent to the extra expence certainly to be incurred, by far exceeding the pay of a Colo. even from my first appointment. So that Your Excellency, I trust, cannot impute to Me other than disinterested Motives for my Conduct.
          On the Whole, I submit the determination solely to your Excellency, & be the event as it may, I shall be satisfied. Whether it be, that I have resigned, or ought to resign; That I recieve a part, the whole or no payment as compensation for my pain, trouble & expence; Whatever Your Excellency shall deem customary, & consisting with reason & equity, will to me be right. For altho’ I have at one time and another since my return, been perpetually doing something of the regimental Business, Yet the whole amount is but little. But should your Excellency suppose that this little, with much anxiety, and my best exertions merit any regard, and if it is not unusual for Officers on recruiting service, on Furlow, or wounded, to continue during the time on pay; And should You not be entirely satisfied, as to the construction to be put on the letter above referred to; Then, with Your Excellency’s permission, I would just hint an expedient, which at the same time that it appears agreeable to Justice, will in the light I view it <mutilated> not inconsistent with what passed respecting Me, in <mutilated>ble, the Committee of Congress. And would it be inconsonant to these, or either of them, If your Excellency allowed Me the usual stipend as a Colo., to such time as You shall judge reasonable & proper, and that I continue in the same predicament with other officers, without Men, until their Fate be determined on, by the Honorable the Congress of the States. Tho’ having detained You so long, I will yet add one word; and as a Man jealous of his good Fame, it may concern Me more than any other part of the Matter. In Your determination, if You intend nothing reflective so let Me intreat your Excy, that nothing of the kind, by the most distant construction may appear. And this I ask, not as entertaining the smallest suspicion of such a conduct; but as well aware how ready My Enemies will be to catch at the minutest appearance of it.
          It is with every idea of gratitude that can bind a Man, sensible of the highest Obligations, I have the Honour to be with all due respect, Yr Excellency’s mo[s]t obedt hble Sevt

            C.M. Thruston


Title: General Orders, 21 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head-Quarters Frederick’sburgh Wednesday Octr 21st [1778]
            Parole Dunbarton—C. Signs Dedham. Dunkirk.

          Lieutt Samuel Richards is appointed Pay-Master to the 3rd Connecticutt Regiment—Lieutt William Adams to the 4th—Lieutt John Shearman to the 6th and Lieutt Richard Sill to the 8th from the 7th of September last.
          Purity of Morals being the only sure foundation of publick happiness in any Country and highly conducive to order, subordination and success in an Army, it will be well worthy the Emulation of Officers of every rank & Class to encourage it both by the Influence of Example and the penalties of Authority—It is painful to see many shameful Instances of Riot and Licentiousness among us; The wanton Practice of swearing has risen to a most disgusting height; A regard to decency should conspire, with a Sense of Morality to banish a vice productive of neither Advantage or Pleasure. The frequent Robberies which have lately prevailed in the Vicinity of Camp are truly alarming and demand the most vigilant Exertions to detect the Perpetrators and bring them to the severest punishment.


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 21 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

            Dear Sir
            Head Quarters Fredericksbg 21st October 1778.

          It is of the utmost importance that we should be thoroughly acquainted with the resources of this State in regard to Flour. Can it be procured in any considerable quantity, it will not only save the immense expence that arises upon the transportation from Jersey, Pennsylvania and Maryland, but it will enable us to lay up suitable Magazines, which I fear we shall not be able to establish notwithstanding the utmost exertions of the Quarter Masters and Commissaries while the distance of carriage is so great. It now takes our whole strength of teams to bring forward the daily consumption of the Army, and should we move with any part of the Army further to the Eastward, this difficulty will be increased.
          Could the scrutiny into the remaining quantities of Wheat and Flour be made by persons vested with proper authority by the legislature, it would add much to the ease of executing such a plan and to the precision of the enquiry. I would therefore request the favr of your Excellency to lay the proposal before your Assembly, and endeavour to obtain the nomination of a suitable person in each district or township producing Wheat and Flour throughout the State, to procure as exact a Return as possible of what remains of either in the hands of every person within his district. As this will be for the general advantage, I do not think the State should bear the expence of the enquiry. I will therefore engage for the payment of such Wages, as shall be, by the Assembly, deemed adequate to the trouble. If this law can be procured the sooner it can be carried into execution the better. Both the Quarter Master and Commy General are anxious to know what they may depend upon with certainty in this Quarter.
          I am informed by the Quarter Master Genl that there has been a necessity of erecting public Buildings at convenient places for the reception of provisions and Stores upon the lands of private persons within this State; and that in some instances the proprietors of the land have undertaken to pull them down. If this is suffered, the public will be put to the greatest inconvenience and loss. I could wish this were remedied by the intervention of the legislature. A proper compensation might be made for the use of the Ground, and the Buildings become the property of the proprietor when no longer wanted by the public. I have the Honor to be with the highest Esteem Your Excellency’s most obt Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to John Parke Custis, 21 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Custis, John Parke

            Dear Sir,
            Fredg N. York Octr 21st 1778.

          The Inclosed came to my hands by the last Post.
          The Enemy have been very busy since their return from the Jerseys in Imbarking Troops—Nine Regiments are compleated to their full

            establishment by drafts from some others which are reduced, & these I am perswaded are destined for the West Indies—Whether the rest of the Troops will remain in New York—return to England—or go to Hallifax is yet matter of uncertainty. Appearances seem to favour a gene[ra]l evacuation of the City but the matter is by no means certain. My love to Nelly & Compliments to any enquiring friends. I am Dr Jack Yr Affecte friend

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Vice Admiral d’Estaing, 21 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Estaing, Charles-Hector Théodat, comte d’

            Sir.
            Head Quarters [Fredericksburg] 21st October 1778

          In addition to the intelligence which I had the honor of transmitting to Your Excellency yesterday—I hasten to communicate what farther has been received from the Posts of observation—inclosed is the substance of my last report from thence, bearing date the 19th.
          It gives me singular pleasure to congratulate with Your Excellency upon the Marquis de Bouille’s Success in the conquest of the island of Dominica—inclosed are the articles of Capitulation in which we recognise the generous spirit of your nation—This we have reason to hope is an opening to new and more extensive victories—it will at the same time give an unequivocal interpretation of the enemys present movements at New York.
          I entreat your Excellency to accept the repeated assurances of attachment and respect and to believe me Your Excellencys most obedient and most humble servt

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Vice Admiral d’Estaing, 21 October 1778
From: Estaing, Charles-Hector Théodat, comte d’
To: Washington, George

            Sir.
            Boston Road the 21st October 1778.

          I have received the letter which Your Excellency did me the honor to write the 16th of this month—and I hope that you will have been so good as to read with your usual indulgence my imprudent dispatch of yesterday on the subject of the Marquis de la fayettes Cartel—it was not only my tender friendship for him which dictated it—I regard him not only as my friend, but as a General Officer who will be equally useful to the two nations, between whom his young courage so wisely formed the first tie—to endeavour to have him cut off would flatter English Vengeance too much—and if the usages of the Country permitted it—you certainly will not have waited for my requisition to deprive our enemies of this cruel pleasure—I am certain even before you have answered me, that you will approve my principles—There is only what I have been told of your backwardness to violate liberty in this as well as every other article, that could have given me anxiety, for which perhaps I ought to ask your pardon—I entreat you not to refuse it to my heart—I fear that I have already listened to it too much.
          The decisive moment approaches, in which the Mass of British Troops must be morseled, and leave you a Superiority which your Talents had already gained you If the tardiness of our good and estimable Allies and Kinsmen the Spaniards permits british arrogance still to delude itself, and keep possession of New York and New port this winter—the accumulation of expence in men and money on the part of the enemy, will be incomputable; this one year more of war will render your forces very formidable—and a rising nation such as yours to which Nature has given in pledge a whole Continent—and the Commerce of the Universe, has soon paid its debts—May the Congress leave on foot, during the remaining part of Autumn those who are accustomed to be led by you.
          The English Commissioners still harangue—You must finish them—it is a service to be rendered them; and they wait only for this last Stroke—I presume that if they are convinced of it before their departure, they will lose no time in going to solicit for the next year, the place of Embassador from His Britannic Majesty to the Congress—and Philadelphia will be the place for Tories to present their addresses to them for subsistence.
          The detachment that Your Excellency has moved towards Boston, and the winter—would leave me no uneasiness for this important

            place—if circumstances shd require my putting to Sea. I have the honor to be with the most inviolable Attachment and infinite respect—Sir Your Exellys.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Horatio Gates, 21 October 1778
From: Gates, Horatio
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Danbury [Conn.] 21st October 1778.

          Last night I was favoured with the receipt of Your Excellency’s Letter of Yesterday’s date. General Paterson’s Brigade are just Marched for Newtown, on their way to Hartford, and will proceed according to the following Route, exactly as poor’s, & the late Learned’s were Ordered, vizt:

              Miles

              “Wednesday 21st from Danbury to Newtown
              9

              Thursday 22nd from Newtown to Woodbury
              10

              Fryday 23rd from Woodbury, by Waterbury, to Lewis’s
              12

              Saturday 24th from Lewis’s to Farmington
              12

              Sunday 25th Halt

              Monday 26th from Farmington to Hartford
              10

              Miles 53[”]

          The precautions Your Excellency is taking, are undoubtedly most proper; the number of small Craft which You mention the Enemy have with their Fleet, indicate that they are bound either to Boston or the West Indies; it is very possible their Fleet may divide as soon as they are out of Sight of Land, part go to Europe, part to the West Indies, & the rest to Halifax; a Week will determine the Matter. I propose to lay at Lewis’s to Morrow Night, and be at Hartford, ready to receive Your Commands, on Fryday. I am Sir Your Excellency’s Obedient Servant

            Horatio Gates


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 21 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

            Sir.
            Head Quarters Fredericksburgh 21st Otbr 1778

          I am just now favoured with your letter of this instant.
          The motions and movements among the enemy still continue to point the same way with the late information which I transmitted. I am Sir Your most obt servt

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Edward Hand, 21 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Hand, Edward

            Sir
            Head Quarters Fredericksbg 21st October 1778

          I am favd with yours by Genl Clinton. I have furnished Genl Schuyler with the Resolve of Congress directing the Expedition to Chemung, and desired him in conjunction with Governor Clinton and yourself to take the matter fully into consideration, that if thought practicable at this season of the Year it may be undertaken, if not, that I may stand justifiable to Congress for laying it aside.
          You have in my opinion put the present supply of the inhabitants of the German Flats upon the proper footing, I will lay their distressed situation before Congress and if they approve of their being supplied at public expence, it may be continued untill they can settle themselves again and procure the means of livelyhood. I am &c.


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 21 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

            Dear sir.
            Head Quarters Fredericksburgh 21st Otbr 1778

          I transmitted you, by a letter of yesterday, all the intelligence I then had, respecting the movements of the enemy in New-York. I now send you by this conveyance, extracts of a letter from Lord Stirling, and the report of a spy, which contain my latest information upon the subject. I am D. Sir. Your most hble servt

            Go: Washington

          p.s. I have the pleasure to inform you, that the taking of Dominica by the French is confirmed—The articles of capitulation upon the occasion were agreed to on the 7th of Septr Ult. and have just reached camp.


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 21 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

            Dear Sir
            Head Quarters Fredericksbg 21st October 1778

          Since I wrote to you this morning the inclosed Resolve of Congress came to my hands. As Sir Henry Clinton never complied with the request of granting passports for the transportation of Flour by Water it becomes necessary that the Convention troops should, without loss of time, be put in motion for Charlotteville in Virginia agreeable to the order of Congress. You will be pleased to signify this to General Phillips immediately upon the receipt.
          I know of no way of conveying the troops to the place of their destination but by calling upon the several States thro’ which they are to pass for a proper guard of Militia and Carriages sufficient to transport their Baggage. You will therefore apply to the State of Massachusets for the number necessary, and when you have fixed the time of march and Route, inform Governor Trumbull that he may be ready to receive them upon the Borders of Connecticut. I shall give him previous notice that he may be prepared for such an event. Be pleased to

            inform me likewise when the troops leave their present Quarters that I may make application to the Governors of New York, New Jersey &ca for an Escort. I am Dear Sir Your most obt Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 21 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

            Sir,
            Head Quarters Fredericksburg Octor 21st 1778

          The Chevalier Mauduit Du Plessis will have the honor of delivering you this letter. In expectation that the war is at a conclusion in this Country and that another is kindling in Europe; he has determined to return to France to offer his service to his own Country. He waits upon Congress to obtain their concurrence for this purpose: I have given him a handsome certificate of his conduct in our service; and he flatters himself that Congress will be pleased to accompany it by a similar mark of their approbation. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect Sir Your most Obet Servt

            Go: Washington