Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons, 25 May 1777
From: Parsons, Samuel Holden
To: Washington, George

Dear General
N. Haven [Conn.] 25th May. 1777

Having recd Information that the Enemy were collecting Forage, Horses &c. on the East End of Long Island, I order’d a Detachment from the Several Regiments then at this Place, consisting of 1 Major 4 Capts. Viz. Throop, Pond, Mansfield & Savage, & 9 Subalterns & 220 Noncommisd Officers & Privates under the Command of Lt Coln. Meigs to attack their different posts on that Part of the Island & destroy the Forage &c. which they had collected; Coln. Meigs Embarked his Men here in Thirteen Whale Boats The 21st Inst. & proceeded to Guilford, but the Wind proving high & the Sea rough could not pass the Sound, untill Friday the 23d. he left Guilford at 1. oClock afternoon of the 23d with 170 of his Detachment & under Convoy of Two Armd Sloops & in Compy with Another unarmd (to bring off Prisoners),

cros’d The Sound to the North Branch of the Island Near Southhold, where he arrivd about 6 oClock in the evening; the Enemy’s Troops on this Branch of the Island had March[ed] for N. York two Days before, but about Sixty of the Enemy remaing at a place calld Sagg Harbour About fifteen Miles Distant on the South Branch of the Island; he orderd the Whale Boats with as Many Men as Could be Safely Transported across The Bay, Over land to the Bay, where they Re-imbarkd to The Number of One Hundred & thirty & at about 12 oClock arived Safe across the Bay within about 4 Miles of the Harbour, Where having secured The Boats in the wood under the Care of a Guard: Coln. Meig’s formd His Remaining little Detachment in proper Order for Attacking the different Posts & Quarters of the Enemy & Securing the Vessels & Forage at the same Time. they Marchd in the greatest Order & Silence; and at 2 oClock arrivd at the Harbour; the Several Division’s with fixtd Bayonets attackd the Guards & posts assignd them whilst Capt. Throop wth the Detachment under his Command Secured The Vessels & Forage lying at the Wharf: the Alarm Soon became general when an Armd Schooner of twelve Guns & Seventy Men lying within One Hundred & Fifty Yards of The wharf, began a fire upon our Troops which Continued without Cessation for About three Quarters of an Hour with Grape & round Shott; but the Troop’s with the Greatest Intrepitedy returnd the fire upon the Schooner & Set fire to The Vessels & Forage, & killd & Captivated all the Soldiers & Sailors except about Six who made their Escape under Cover of the Night. twelve Brigs & Sloops one an Armd Vessell with twelve Guns: About One Hundred & twenty Tons of pressd Hay, Oats Corn & Other Forage; ten Hogsheads of Rum & a large Quantity of Other Merchandize were intirely consumd: it gives me great Satisfaction to hear the Officers & Soldiers, without Exception behavd with the Greatest Bravery, Order & Intrepidety; Coln. Meigs having finishd the Business on which he was Sent returnd safe with all his Men to Guilford by 2 oClock P.M. Yesterday; with 90 Prisoners: having in 25 Hours: by land & Water transported his Men full Ninety Miles & Succeeded in his Attempt beyond my most Sanguine Expectations; without loosing a Single Man either killd or Wounded. it gives me Singular Pleasure to hear no disposion appeard in any one Soldier, to plunder the Inhabitants or violate private property, in the Smallest Degree: & that even the Clothing & Other Articles belonging to the prisoners, the Soldiers, with a generosity, not learnd from British Troops, have with great Chearfulness restor’d to them, where they have fallen into their hands. Majr Humphry who waits on your Excellency with the Account was in the Action with Coln. Meigs & will be able to give any further Necessary Information.

Inclosd is a Second Request from the Assembly, for detaining part of the Troops here with a letter from the Governor: I have order’d to Horseneck the Number Mentiond, on their Rout to Peeks kill this will Make about one Days March further, if I receive no other Orders from your Excellency they will not be Detaind there. I shall prepare to set off for Camp agreeable to your Excellency’s Directions: and hope to arrive at my post by Sometime next week; Govr Brown’s Brigade, & part of Delancy’s, have removd from Long Island to the Main, they Crossed above Hell Gate. about four Hundred remain on the Island at different posts: Bridges of Boats I am Informd are finishd. A list of the prisoners is Inclosd. I am yr Excellency’s Obedt h[umbl]e Servt

Saml H. Parsons

P.S. Col. Meigs informs me one Ginnings, a Serjeant in Col. Huntingtons Regt very much distinguishd himself on this Occasion by his Coolness & deliberate Bravery & good Judgment in some of the Most critical Moments they found: if any small Commission should be given him Coln. Meigs thinks he would not disappoint yr Excellency’s Expectation.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 25 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

Dear Sir
Morris Town May 25th 1777.

Would it be practicable, do you think, under the present Circumstances, and situation of the Troops at Peeks Kill, to surprise the Enemy at Kings bridge? it must be effected by surprise or not at all, and must be undertaken by Water, which would also prove abortive, if the Enemy have Vessels of any kind above Fort Washington.
The undigested Ideas which I have entertained of the matter, are these, to embark a number of Troops (supposed adequate to the enterprise) in Boats, under pretence of transporting them, and their Baggage to Tappan, as a more easy and expeditious method of joining the Army under my immediate command; to cover this the better, a number of Waggons might be ordered to assemble at the Landing on this side in order to receive your Baggage. Or if it should be thought that moving a body of men so near them would put them too much upon their guard, cou’d not Troops be embarked at Peeks Kill under pretence of reinforcing the Garrison on the River in order to expedite the works, and actually set off as if bound thither; but, under cover of darkness, turn and push down the River? but here, possibly, a difficulty will arise on account of the Impracticability of getting down in a night, and the difficulty of being concealed in any Creek or inlet on the western Shore in the day. These are all matters worthy of consideration, and I have nothing more in view than to lead you into a train of thinking upon the Subject; let the matter be communicated to Genls McDougall and Geo. Clinton, for their sentiments, but under strong injunctions of secrecy, for it always happens, that where more than two or three are apprised of an undertaking of this kind, the knowledge of

it (tho the particular mode may not) always gets abroad, which must inevitably defeat any measure that depends upon secrecy.
The place I should propose your Landing at, would be in the Hollow between Fort Washington and Spiten devil. It is a good landing, a good way into the Road leading from the Fort (Washington) to the Bridge, is very obscure and enables you to fall in upon the backs of those at Fort Independence &ca by which the surprise would be greater and their retreat cut off; from hence your Troops might (or might not) march up by land, and sweep the country before them of the Enemy, and Provisions, as circumstances would justify.
After consulting the Gentlemen before mentioned, on the propriety of this measure, let me know the result by a careful person, and when the plan could, conveniently be carried into execution.
The Letter herewith sent, forward to General Parsons by an Express on whom you can depend. I am Dear Sir, Your most affecte

G. Washington

P.S. If the scheme should be judged practicable, some of the deserters from Kings bridge will be good guides.


Title: General Orders, 26 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, Morristown, May 26th 1777.
Louisinia.Menden.

It being omitted (thro’ mistake) in the Orders of the 22nd Instant, to mention the Brigadiers that command in Major General Lord Stirling’s division—Brigadier Genl Conway takes command of the 3rd 6th 9th and 12th Pennsylva Regts and Col. Spencer’s regiment, which compose his brigade—And Genl Maxwell of the 1st 2nd 3rd and 4th Jersey regiments, which form his brigade.
Peter Tarling Esqr: is appointed Brigade Major, to Brigadier Genl Conway; and to be respected and obeyed as such.


Title: Circular Instructions to the Brigade Commanders, 26 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Brigade Commanders

Sir
[Morristown, 26 May 1777]

You are to enquire minutely into the State & Condition of your Brigade & Order every Officer & Soldier belonging to it, not usefully employed in recruiting, or in the execution of any command (by proper Authority) or Sick in Hospitals, to Join their respective Corps immediately & see that it is done.
Make strict enquiry what measures the commanding Officers of each Regiment in your Brigade is taking to compleat it to the Establishment & see that no means are Left unessay’d to accomplish this desirable End—Let none but trusty & diligent Officers be sent upon this Business—Such as have a turn to this Service & you have good hopes will not misapply their time or the Money committed to their Charge.
Every Monday you are to render to the Adjutant General a Correct return of your Brigade at the foot of which, a perticular account is to be given of the absentees, Naming the Hospitals in which the Sick are Lodged, & What service those return’d on Command are engaged in—Mention is also to be made of the Kill’d—Wounded & Missing (if any there be) after every action or Skirmish with the Enemy, As also any other remarkable occurences which may need explanation.
Compare always the last return made you with the one preceding it & see that they corrispond, or the Alterations satisfactorily accounted for, that no error or abuse may escape unnoticed—uncorrected—& unpunished if the mistakes are wilfull.
Desertions having been very frequent of late, endeavor to discover the cause of them, that a remedy may be applied—One Step towards preventing of which, is, to have the Rolls regularly call’d Morning, & Evening, & the Absentees satisfactorily accounted for, or immediately sought after with Vigilance & Care—No furlough to be given to either Officers or Men, except in cases of extreme Necessity.
See that the Officers pay great attention to the Condition of the Soldiers Arms, Amunition, & Accoutrements, as also to the manner of Cooking their Victuals; & as far as in your power lies, cause the Men to appear Neat, Clean, & Soldier like, not only for appearances, but for the Benifit of their Health.
Improve all the leizure time your Brigade may have from other Duties, in Manouvring & teaching the Men the use of their Legs, which is of infinitely more importance—than learning them the Manual Exercise—Cause the Officers to attend regularly & perform their part of these duties with the Men.
You are not to accept the Resignation of any Commissioned Officer; but upon a Vacancy happening in any Regiment in your Brigade you

may Consult the feild officers thereof, & Recommend to the Commander in Cheif a fit person to supply the dificiency; ’till a Commission however is granted, or approbation given in General Orders, such person is not to be included in the returns or Pay Rolls.
You are to cause the pay Rolls of every Regiment in your Brigade to be made out & deposited at the End of every Month in the hands of the paymaster General—In doing this Strict attention is to be paid to the Resolves of Congress for the manner of doing it.
The Experience of last Campaign abundantly evinc’d the Absurdity of heavy Baggage & the disadvantage resulting to Individuals & the Public—Prevent therefore as much as possible all Incumbran⟨ces⟩ of this kind & do not upon a March suffer the Soldiers to throw their Arms or Packs into waggons unless they are sick or Lame.
Let Vice & Immorality of every kind be discouraged as much as possible in your Brigade & as a Chaplain is allowed to each Regiment see that the Men regularly attend divine Worship—Gaming of every kind is expressly forbid as the foundation of evil & the cause of many Gallant & Brave Officers Ruin. Games of exercise for amusement may not only be permitted but encouraged.
These Instructions you will consider as Obligatory unless they sho⟨uld⟩ Interfere with General Orders. Which you must always endeavor to have executed in your Brigade with Punctuality. Given at Head Quarters in Morris Town this 26th day of May 1777.

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Mordecai Gist, 26 May 1777
From: Gist, Mordecai
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philadelphia 26 May 1777

I have to acknowledge the receipt of yours under cover to General Smallwood requiring a return of the State of my Regiment, which

was Immediately forwarded to him in order that the same might be transmitted to your Excellency—agreeable to your orders, which I make no doubt you have receivd. from the Insurrection of some Tories in Somerset & Worchester Counties of Maryland in Feby last—the Board of War thought it Necessary to order me to that place with a party of Men to suppress them. this Excursion detaind me from the recruiting Service untill some time in April which has been attended with many disadvantages to my Bat—as at that time the proceedings of our Assembly was so fluctuating, as not to determine the Appointment and rank, of such of my Officers, as I could depend on for their assiduity and Attention to the Service; and am sorry to Inform You, that it was but very lately they settled the point of so much Importance.
I Arriv’d here a few days ago with a detachment of my Regiment on my Way to Camp, who are now Equipd, and are to March to Morrow under Lieut. Colo. Ramsay; from various circumstances the Honorable Majr Genl Schuyler has thought it expedient for me to return to Maryland, to compleat my Battalion, and forward the Troops from that place, who are now entering very fast in the Service as Substitutes; agreeable to the late recommendation of Congress—I Sincerely Wish they may Answer their Expectations—I shall do myself the honor to Inform You of the Success I may meet with and be Assurd that no Exertions of mine shall be wanting to forward them with all possible expedition. I have the Honor to be sir Your Most Obedt Hum. Servt

M. Gist Colo. 3d Regt Maryland Troops


Title: To George Washington from James Lovell, 26 May 1777
From: Lovell, James
To: Washington, George

sir
Philada May 26th 1777

This will be delivered to you by a German Officer who expresses much inclination to enter into the army under your command.
The trouble which your Excellency receives from Foreigners commissioned by Congress has made the Committee, appointed to examine their pretensions, averse to offering any resolutions for places above the rank of subalterns.
The Bearer speaks english very well, and has an honorable character in a letter from Doctor Franklin, with 4 commissions proving his regular service.
I have told him that, notwithstanding these advantages, he cannot

expect any place till you have pointed out a situation wherein he may subserve the interest of these United States.
The resolute importunity of some strangers of less desert has, I fear, gained the post which would be better filled by this modest veteran.
The promotion of monsr Armand by Congress to the rank of Colonel was a surprize to the Committee who had considered his pretensions, and rashly enough in all conscience had proposed a majority for him. With affectionate Respect I am Your Excellency’s Most obedient Friend

James Lovell


Title: To George Washington from Major Apollos Morris, 26 May 1777
From: Morris, Apollos
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philadelphia May 26th 1777

Yesterday I receiv’d the inclos’d letters which Genl Firman was kind enough to have deliver’d seald thro’ Mr Wade of this City; injoining me to Suppress any thing improper. This I think it my duty to leave to your Judgment, as it was thro’ your Indulgence I took the oportunity of a private conveyance of the Letters to which they are answers. One of which Letters was the same shewn to Col: Fitzgerald, inclos’d in one to John Allen desiring him to Assure me of its delivery. The 3 since sent from Genl Firmans post requesting or rather requiring an answer which I own I did not expect.
The contents will shew It is impossible for me consistently to take any employment, especialy whilst I am under a Conviction that almost any thing short of Independence will be granted on one side; & that no question tending to Reconciliation will be authoris’d on the other, nor even an equitable offer made for a confirmation of Independence.

How much soever I have the Freedom of America at heart, and the serving her with zeal had she been in distress; To make the abasement of that Country, for whose sake I profess’d myself an enemy to a destructive Ministry, my object, can neither be construed into patriotism nor any generous ambition. The reproach bestowd on every Tory for turning against his Country must upbraid me.
At the same time give me leave to assure you, that my attachment to your merit had nearly got the better of my Consistency; I know I should be happy in serving under you, could I by the most remote degree of reasoning construe the object of my endeavours into the good of both Countrys and shall always remain with the greatest Esteem & respect Sir Your most humble & most obedt servt

Apollos Morris


Title: From George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 26 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

Dear Sir
Morris Town 26th May 1777.

I wrote to you upon a particular Subject Yesterday, to which I refer, and request to know your sentiments thereon, as soon as you can with propriety communicate them, because it may have some influence upon my movements in this quarter.
An Express from Govr Trumbull, which came in last night, informs me that two Hessian Regiments and an half, and the 63 British had orders on the 17th Instt to embark; and that 27 Sail of Transports left Newport on the 20th, and were seen off Seabrook, bearing Westward for New York, supposed to contain the above Troops from Rhode Island.

The Enemy have withdrawn (I am informed) their Men from Bonam Town and Piscataway and marched them into Brunswick, whether for offence or defence, I know not; but I believe the latter, as they have discovered a pretty considerable stir among our men this few days past. I am Dear Sir &ca

G. Washington


Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 26 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.

Sir
Morristown May 26th 1777

I was yesterday evening honored with your letter of the 22d instant—It is certainly of importance that I should have the earliest intelligence of the Enemy’s Movements, and I beg leave to thank you for the information you have been pleased to transmit on that head.
Your anxiety for Troops to remain in Connecticut and my inability to grant them, when I examine matters upon a large, and I believe just scale, distress me much—I assure you Sir, no requisition has more weight with me, than yours; nor will ever be more readily granted, when circumstances will admit, and where I think it will not, in its consequences, be injurious to the General Good—I must take the liberty of referring you to my letters of the 11th and 23d for my reasons why we should draw our forces to a point, and which, I trust, upon consideration, will appear good and satisfactory. A Capital Object in the Enemy’s Plan is, to divide & distract our attention—For this purpose has the diversion under Lord Piercy been kept so long at Rhode Island, expecting from thence, that the apprehension of an invasion, or their penetrating the Country, would prevent any Troops coming from the Eastward—Could I but assemble all our forces, our situation would be respectable, and such, I should hope, as would compel General Howe to employ his together, or to hazard their destruction—On the other hand, whilst the Quotas from the several States are so extreamly deficient, should they be divided, and act in Detachments, there will be just grounds to apprehend our ruin. I have the Honor to be with great Respect Sir Your most obedient Servant

Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 27 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, Morristown, May 27th 1777.
Normandy.Oporto.

One Sub.—one Serjt and twenty privates, of Lieut. Col. Olney’s detachment to do duty as Artillery Men, under Lieut:  in Morristown, ’till further orders.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 27 May 1777
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Camp Middle Brook May 27. 1777

This moment the Commisary reports to me that the Provisions & supplies fall short and that its out of his power with his utmost exertion to procure a sufficient supply.
I wish your Excellency would order the Commisary at Morris Town down here as soon as possible to the assistance of this.
We must take Sheep & Cattle about the Country to supply the present deficiency. I think Trumbull should pay immediate attention to this matter.
A deserter of the 71 this moment came in from Bonum Town—sais very little—he sais it is the common talk in the British Army they are going to Philadelph[i]a by Water & that Transports are prepard and preparing to go round to Philadelphia & that the Troops are all to embark. Beleive me to be with the greatest Respect Your Excellencies Obedient Sert

N. Greene


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 27 May 1777
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philada May 27th 1777.

I have the Honour of transmitting at this Time sundry Resolves, to which I beg Leave to refer your Attention.
From them you will learn, that Congress have ascertained the Limits of the Northern Department, and that they have ordered Genl Schuyler to take the Command therein.
The Regulations respecting Chaplains in the Army are highly necessary. By encreasing their Pay, and enlarging the Bounds of their Duty, the Congress are in Hopes of engaging Gentlemen of superior Learning & Virtue to fill those Stations.
Your several Favours to the 24th Inst: have been duely received and laid before Congress. I have the Honour to be, with perfect Esteem & Respect, Sir, your most obed. & very hble Servt

John Hancock Presidt


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 27 May 1777
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Boston May 27, 1777.

I have received the honor of yours of the 10th Instant, and immediately sent on Lt Colo. Sprout who is an Active Spirited Officer to correct those Abuses committed by the Troops on the March mentioned by your Excellency. I have desired the same of General Nixon who is also on his journey to Pecks Kill, at which place he will have arrived before this reaches you. But surely all the Troops have not been delitory! some detachments, have reached Albany in ten days, from the Time they left this place.
Colo. Putnam having marched off his first Division, was desirous to take the Small pox by Inoculation, he is now upon the recovery, and as soon as able will go forward agreeable to your Excellency’s direction.
Our greatest difficulty is the want of Clothing; those Troops who marchd without it, and were told that they would be supplied at Pecks Kill are disopointed. The men there, are almost naked, and many of them Lousey and not a second Shirt to their Backs, some have been told that large Quantities were sent to the Northward, and Officers have been as far as Albany in Quest of it, and have finally returned here, with their mouths filled with Complaints. Vast Quantities of Cloathing has gone forward but to where I know not; The Agents tell me that they are obliged to send it on to the Cloather General; but had it been sent on, on the Mens Backs the heavy expence of transportation would have been saved The Colonels have applied till they are discouraged as your Excellency will observe by an enclosed Line from Colo. Putnam, I have sent! I have spoke! I have wrote to the Agents repeatedly; two of their written Answers I take the liberty to enclose, I do not charge them with any Neglect: But your Excellency will see that I have done all in my power unless I had taken the Cloathing by Force.
As vast quantities of Stores & Provisions are moving back, the Commissaries apply for large Store Houses. Shall I order such to be built as are necessary as they inform me they cannot be Hired?
Colos. Lee & Jackson have represented to me that some of their officers have been long appointed, and devoted to the Service (altho’

they have but few Men Inlisted) and that they are in want of some pay, will it be advisable to pay them any before they are Commissioned?
Major General Gates has wrote to the Council of this State that Tents and Camp kettles are much wanted by the Army in that Department and observes that “finding a number of Tents and a Quantity of Tin had arrived at Portsmouth from France” entreats that they would order Two thousand of the former and as much of the latter as can be spared to be sent without delay to Albany. The Council have sent me a Copy of the Letter. The number of Tents mentioned is double the number that arrived. I am agreeable to your Excellencys Orders sending them on to Springfield which is on the Rout to Albany if your Excellency should think proper to order them on to that place.
I am this moment informed, the Cloathing for Colo. Putnams Regiment will be obtained Here. I have the Honor to be With great respect Your Excellency’s Most Obediant Servt

W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from Major General Thomas Mifflin, 27 May 1777
From: Mifflin, Thomas
To: Washington, George

My dear General
Philadelphia—27th May 1777

Mr Hancock has directed me to inform you that upon the Request of several Members of Congress, who judgd my Attendance here for some Days necessary, I must remain in Philada unless the Buisiness of the Army cannot be executed to your Satisfaction by the Gentlemen who are now with you as Depy Qr Mrs Genl.
In the mean Time I have my Hands filld with the Formation of the Department & the Settlement of innumerable intricate Accounts of our Expences last Campaign.
I have provided almost every Article sufficient for this Campaign except Tents: the Want of which Col. Biddle complains heavily in a Letter dated the 26h Inst. The following is the State of my Tent Account.

            Tents

            April 19
            ⅌
            Abraham Barry Wag. Mastr
            860
            }

            John Crafton do.

            140

            May 2

            Adam Nees
            marquees 33
            000
            Sent to Col. Biddle

            12

            William Skiles

            512

            20

            Robert Beyers

            500

            2012
            Tents

            16th

            William Skiles

            144
            }

            16

            ditto

            70
            To Genl Sullivan at Princton

            20

            Capt. Richards Schooner to Trenton
            132

            William Starret

            1000

            To Albany

            33 Marquees & 3358
            Tents

            Deliverd in Philada to the following Regiments

            Tents

            2d

            Virginia Regiment Col. Spotswood
            17

            4th

            ditto

            4

            8th

            ditto Bowman

            36

            12th

            ditto Wood

            12

            4th

            Maryland Hall

            11

            Delaware Regiment

            27

            2d

            Pennsylva. ditto Irwin

            40

            3d

            do Wood

            72

            4th

            do Cadwalader

            12

            9th

            do A.J. Morris

            38

            10th

            do Lt Col. Nagel

            25

            11th

            do Humpton

            38

            332

            Pennsylva. State Regiment at Redbank
            110

            Militia of Delaware State

            205

            Boats on Delaware

            30

            4035
            Tents

            &  33
            Marquees

            which are sufficient for Twenty two thousand Men Officers included }
            4068

I have on hand at Philada 500 Tents exclusive of 500 Tents imported from France & hourly expected from Senepuxent.
I have long since sent to Boston for all the Tents in & near that Town & have taken every Method to procure from Mr Brown & others all the Tent Cloth that can be purchasd. If Col. Biddle has been frugal he cannot want Tents. But to prevent any ill Consequences from Miscarriages on the Road &ca I will send off to Morrow 300 Tents to him.
It is impossible to gratify the Officers with Marquees at this Time—they must fair as British Officers frequently fair—i.e.—put up with good Tents.
A Major Lutterlow who has been much caressd by Doctor Franklins intimate Friends here waits on your Excellency by Advice of several Members of Congress—He knows the many Blunders which have been committed by hasty Appointments in our Army & will not urge his Interest too far—I beleive from his Conduct here that he is a Gentleman of Sense, much Modesty, & Breeding. I have the Honor to be Your Excellencys Obt hle Sert

Thomas Mifflin


Title: To George Washington from Major General Israel Putnam, 27 May 1777
From: Putnam, Israel
To: Washington, George

Dear Ginrol
fresh kils [N.Y.] the 27 of may 1777

I recived your favor at this Plas as I in company with ginrol Clinton thought proper to Com to this plas to see how the Obstructions in the rever went on and also to see what could be don as to Booms with Logs we have not as yeat Com to any Detarmenation what is beast to be don but when we shall Com to any detarmenation about it I Shall inform your Exelancy of it.

as to your Plan of Supris by wartor wil not do as thay have won of our ro galles which thay took from ous which constantly Plays up and down the revor as far up as to Com within 3 milds of peegskil and nevor gos below Collo. Phillopses & besids that thar is 2 small tendors which Lay thar and thay have a gard at Phillops hous but how strong it is I have not as yeat asartained but when that is don and I can larn thar setuaition a litil beator, will endevor to do somthing of what you mentioned.
I have sent ordors for the ships and galles to Com immedatly down to fort mongomry and have ordred them to inlest men for the ships and galls tel the first of Jenaury at 3–0–0 par month and a sut of Cloths or 20 Dollors in Lu of the Clothing and when the ships and galleys are Com down ginrol Clinton says he has a nombor of ould salors in the regements that wil nevor mak solders but good salors which wil be put on bord the ships or galleys.
at fort mongomry we have not mor then 7 days provisions I think we ought to have at least Six weaks provisons and shall give you ordors for that Quantety but shuld be glad of your Exelancys ordors as to what Quantety shuld be thare and, shall Endevor to Comply with them.
Doubtles Ginrol Mac Dugel has informed you of the 9 Desartors that Cam in Just aftor my arival thay Cam from delancys Coor when any thing acors Shall always aquant your Exelancy of it. I am Dear sir with the gratest Estem your Exelancys most obedant humbel sarvant

Israel Putnam


Title: General Orders, 28 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, Morristown, May 28th 1777.
Tilghman.Meade.


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 28 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
Morristown May 28th 1777.

The inclosed, is a Copy of a Letter, received yesterday from Genl Howe. Congress will perceive by referring to the Copy of his Letter of the 21st of April, transmitted in mine of the 26th, that he persevered in his demand for an equal number of prisoners to be returned, for those sent out by him, and which have been the Subject of Controversy between us. As General Howe has called upon me again for my final decision upon the subject, and Congress are fully possessed of it, having received transcripts of every paper respecting it, I wish them to take the matter under their earliest consideration and to inform me, as soon as they can, Whether the Grounds on which it has been conducted by me, are agreable to their Ideas, and Whether my Objections are or are not to be departed from. The Affair is particularly stated in my Letter of the 9th Ulto to Genl Howe, in Answer to the paper addressed to me by Lt Colo. Walcot, Copies of which were inclosed in my Letter to the president, on the 10th of the same Month. The dispute, so far as Genl Lee is concerned, rests at present on their declaring him exchangeable, as other Prisoners are on the principle of equality of Rank; to insure which, or his safety, Lt Colo. Campbell & the Hessian Feild Officers are detained. The other Objection to returning

their prisoners, is, that a great proportion of those sent out by them, were not fit Subjects of Exchange when released and were made so by the severity of their Treatment and confinement, and therefore a deduction should be made from the list.
Good faith seems to require, that we should return, as Many of theirs at least, as we received effectives from them; I mean such, as could be considered capable of being exchanged; and perhaps sound policy, that the Agreement subsisting for Exchanges, should continue. On the Other Hand it may be said, that our prisoners in General, in the Enemy’s Hands at present, will have greater Security, by our retaining them, and that Genl Howe will be less apt to relinquish any part of his claim, the more the number in our Hands, is diminished by an Exchange. I confess, I am under great difficulty in this business; But what, is more particularly the cause for this Application, is, the latter part of the first paragraph of the Inclosed Copy. “and for your determination respecting the prisoners now here, that I may make my Arrangements accordingly.” This is couched in Terms of great ambiguity, and I am really at a loss, what interpretation to give it. Whether he intends, that his conduct respecting them, shall be, as I advise—(This appears more favourable than can well be expected)—Or, that if the previous demand, is not answered, in a satisfactory manner, he shall consider them on a different footing from that on which our former prisoners were & the Agreement totally dissolved. We are told Government, offered the prisoners, they took to the India Co., & they have procured an Act, dispensing with that of the Habeas Corpus in particular cases of persons supposed inimical to them &c. How far they or their Commanders may adopt these Measures, remains to be known; I have only mentioned them, as they respect the Genl Subject of my Letter.
Notwithstanding my recommendation, agreable to what I conceived to be the sense of Congress, Lt Colo. Campbell’s treatment continues to be such, as cannot be justified either on the principles of Generosity or strict retaliation, As I have authentic information and I doubt not, you will have the same, that Genl Lees situation is far from being rigorous or uncomfortable. Except his not being permitted to go at large on parole, he has reason to be content with every other circumstance of his treatment.
I am just moving to Bound Book from whence I returned yesterday morning. On Monday Morning a Body of the Enemy advanced near that post; they retreated on seeing a detachment marched to Meet them. there was some firing at long shot, but without any great damage. we had only three Men slightly wounded—What their Loss was, I know not; Three of their Light Horse were killed. By advices from

the Eastward, the Troops are coming from Rhode Island. I have the Honor to be with great respect Sir Yr Most Obedt Servant

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Thomas Mifflin, 28 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Mifflin, Thomas

Dear Sir
Morris Town May 28th 1777.

From your Letter of the 13th, and my answer of the 15th I expected, you would have been in Camp ’ere now; If you are not detained on Business, that is materially interesting and of consequence, I wish you to join me immediately. I this day move to Bound Brook, from whence I came yesterday morning. I am Dear Sir, Your most Obedt Servt

G. Washington


Title: From George Washington to Robert Morris, 28 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Morris, Robert

Dear Sir,
Head Quarters Morris Town May 28th 1777

I transmit you the inclosed from General Lee which I have just received by a flag. The other inclosures, I beg may be immediately handed to the Gentlemen for whom they are. As I am this moment going off to the Camp at Boundbrook, I have only time to add, that I am with sentiments of real regard & respect, Sir Your most Obedient servant

Go: Washington


Title: Instructions to Lieutenant Colonel Jeremiah Olney, 28 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Olney, Jeremiah

Sir
[Morristown, 28 May 1777]

Your detachment is to remain at Morris Town till further orders, with which, and the Militia now here, you are to Guard the Stores of different kinds, in the most effectual manner you are able.
Endeavour, as far as it is in your power, to Strengthen the works already begun upon the Hill near this place, and erect such others as are necessary for the better defending of it, that it may become a safe retreat in case of necessity.
The Guard House in the upper Redoubt, should be immediately finished, and if you are not able to mount a guard in it, at present, you should nevertheless, make it the quarters of a trusty Sergeant and select party of men, otherwise, if the Enemy, or their Tory Assistants, should have any designs upon the Town, or the Public Stores in it, their first attempt will be to seize the height and turn our own Works against us. Given at Morris Town this 28th of May 1777.

G. Washington


Title: From George Washington to Jeremiah Dummer Powell, 28 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Powell, Jeremiah Dummer

Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town May 28th 1777

As I saw no prospect of the three Super numera[ry] Regiments allotted to your State being rais’d till lately by the legislature having adopted them, and given them the priveledge of the aditional bounty, I had order’d Colo. Henly on to Camp, with a View of providing for Him in Some other Capacity I consider Him as too valuable An Officer to permit Him to be lost to the Service But when that event took place, as it was a more desierable Object than I could have Substituted, I wrote Him a Letter countermanding my former Orders, but it miss’d Him on His way to this place—I have directed Him to return immedeately and set about raising His Regiment with all deligence and dispatch, I recommend Him to the particular attention of your Honorable board, and beg He may receive every kind of Countenance and assistance which His merit and the good of the service demand. I am with great Respect your Obedient Servant

G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Joseph Trumbull, 28 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Joseph

Sir
Morristown May 28th 1777.

Though your remaining at philadelphia longer, to compleat the Business, you are upon, may be a desireable circumstance, Yet, it is of infinitely more importance, that you should repair to Camp without a Moments delay. All our Troops in Jersey are nearly collected at a point. Every day, we are to hope, will bring in further Reinforcements. At this time, we are greatly distressed for provision, nor do I find, that your Deputies have any on hand or a prospect of getting more. From the best Opinion, I am able to form from inquiry on this Subject, you must immediately join the Army & procure Supplies for It, or It must disperse. This is an Object superior to all Others, & you will inform Congress of the necessity of your Instant departure. I am Sir Yr Most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Zebulon Butler, 29 May 1777
From: Butler, Zebulon
To: Washington, George

Sr
Chatham [N.J.] May 29th A.D. 1777

Persuent to Orders reced from your Exelency by the Hand of Majr Genl Lincoln I have Marched with the three detachments from Connecticut

Regiments; Part of the Westmoreland Independant Companies have Joined me as was Ordered and more will be in this day.
I am Now Encamped upon the Heights between Chatham and Springfield—Genl Stevens had Left this Place before my Arival & I am destitute of any Orders; My Quarter Master (by my direction) waits on your Exelencey for Orders many of the Soldiers in the Inde[pe]ndant Companys have reced no Cloathing Since they Entered the Service which was in Septr Last many of their Arms are Defective & Useless, they are also destitute of Tents and Every kind of Camp Equipage: hope therefore your Exelency will give special directions how & in what Manner they are to be supplied with those Articles. I am with the greatest Esteem Your Exelencies Most Obedt humbe Se⟨rv⟩t

Zebn Butler


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 29 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
Head Qrs Middle Brook May 29: 1777

I this morning had the Honor of your Letter of the 27th with its Inclosures.
I shall pay the strictest attention to the Resolutions transmitted me; However I am not without apprehensions, that the Regulation lately adopted, respecting Chaplains, will not answer. I recollect when One was assigned, in the course of last year, to Two Regiments, the prevailing Opinion was, and that founded on a variety of reasons, that it would not do, and the old mode of appointment was introduced again.
General’s Schuyler’s proposal for raising One or Two Troops of Horse, I think a Good one; I intended to write to him upon the Subject, before the receipt of your favor and shall do it by the first Opportunity.

I arrived here yesterday Evening. Nothing of importance has occurred since, and I have not further to add, than that I have the Honor to be with great respect Sir Yr Most Obed. Servt

Go: Washington

P.S. You will be pleased to send the Letter which accompanies this, to Genl Reed.


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 29 May 1777
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Boston May 29. 1777

Mr Carnes being now in waiting, I have Time only to acknowledge the Honor of the receipt of yours of the 18th Instant and shall pay strict attention and obediance thereto, General Glover and Colo. Pickering set out this day or to morrow to join the Army And the French Officers on Monday, In my next I will transmit to your Excellency a Return of such Stores and Ordnance as are gone on to Springfield. It is said the pay of the Regimental pay-masters, and Quarter masters has been raised by the Hone Congress, would beg to be informed if that be the case and from what Time, and the pay of any other Officers of which I have not as yet been acquainted. I have the Honor to be With great respect Your Excellencys Most Obt Servant

W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Alexander McDougall, 29 May 1777
From: McDougall, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Peeks Kill [N.Y.] 29th May 1777.

General Putnam arrived here to the 22d, he has Since been Viewing the river and the Country, tomorrow he takes the command. A Flag I Sent to Newyork the day before yesterday, to exchange Families of ours

on the Nassau Island, for Some of the Enemies, who had leave of Convention to leave this part of the State, has this day brought me the Following intelligence. “That they were not Suffered to go on Shore, nor have any intercourse with it. That they received a message from Lord Howe, he was too busy to attend to the business of Flags; and ordered them immediatly off, but the wind and tide being against them they were delayed till late yesterday evening. That yesterday, Eight Transports full of Troops, with Carriage wheels lashed on their Quarters, left Newyork Towards Staten Isd. A schooner with Horses and Hay accompanied them. The Same day four ships came up from behind Nutten Island, with Troops on board, to the warfs in the North River. The troops appeared dirty; uniformed with Blue, & white facings, and white with Blue facing. Three of the ships appeared Clean, one dirty. At the Same time Ten Sail were coming up from the Narrows; who had also Troops on board; as the Crew of the Flag were informed. The petty officers put on board the Flag, had questions put to him, in Return for some put to the Crew of the Flag. Among others; had General Chartons Troops arrived from the Northard? He was Silent. It was added by the person who put the Question we know they are, he still continued Silent.” These arrivals are either the Hanoverians, and Brunswickers from Canada, or their recruits from Germany, or perhaps part of both. The Boatswain of the Galley put on board the Flag, was made drunk, in which condition he confessed they intended to be up the River with Troops in 8 or 10 days. By the inclosed returns of the army, you will be informed of its Strength; about three Hundred have joined, Since the last return was made out. The Hospital department, is destitu[t]e of money, to pay off, the arrearages of its officers to the new Establishment, as well as to provide before the Sickly Season comes on. I mention the State of it, at the instance of Doctor Foster. As the General is fatigued after a long ride thro ruff ground, I Judged it my duty to inform you of those Facts Time will only permit me to add in much Haste, That I am Your Excellencys very Humble Servant

Alexr McDougall

P.S. Rodgers rangers are So reduced by the desertions, which example is followed by the other new Levies, that the former are ordered to embark for Staten Island; but I strongly Suspect, their true destination is the West India Islands.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Thomas Mifflin, 29 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Mifflin, Thomas

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 29th May 1777.

I observe, by the late regulation of the Quarter Master General’s department, that the appointment of the Deputies and Assistants is left to you, subject to my approbation. As I must suppose, that you will appoint none, but such as are sufficiently qualified for their respective offices, I hope I shall not be under the disagreeable necessity of putting a negative upon any of your nominations. One matter I would guard you against, and that is, not to suffer the Solicitation of any persons in favour of their Friends, to induce you to make appointments that you would not think fully competent, were you left to the exercise of your own judgment. I know it is often hard to withstand such Sollications, but the good of the Service and the reputation of your department requires it. Genl Sullivan writes me, that you had appointed the late Major Jacob Morris, Deputy Quarter Master General, to a grand Division of the Army, and desires my confirmation. I suppose the matter is so, but as I have it not from you, I cannot with regularity or propriety give an answer. I would just remark, that Mr Morris, in my opinion, is by no means qualified for such an Office. He is a very young Man, and cannot have had any experience in the line to which he is promoted. I therefore, fear, that the Solicitation of his Friends and not your own choice has influenced you. But, if the appointment is made, I must confirm it. Had I known any thing of this matter before, I should have made an objection upon another account. Mr Morris, in a very abrupt manner, and upon the most frivolous pretences, resigned a Majority in one of the New York Regiments, and I had determined to have kept him from any further promotion, at least till he had fully seen the folly of his behaviour, for a majority was as much or rather more than he had a right to expect.
Colo: Meade informs me, that you find it difficult to procure Teamsters for Horses that draw in a line, and that therefore you wished for liberty to alter the Waggons already built and make those on hand go double. To this I have no objection, if the Service will be expedited by it. I am &ca

G. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major Apollos Morris, 29 May 1777
From: Morris, Apollos
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philadelphia May 29th 1777

My knowledge of Coll Tillingmans departure was too late to give me time to reexamine my letter. The leave therein was therefore too bald for the dictates of my heart or understanding, when speaking to a person whose character I revere, whose justly exalted Station demands respect from every one & to whom I look on myself as oblig’d by Tyes of gratitude for the Confidence shewn as well as for the honourable offer made to me.
Be pleased therefore to construe what I said, however express’d, as spoken for myself, at least not to imply Censure on any with whom you may be connected. They are not tyed by Professions nor by Feelings such any man must have had, who consider’d himself The Enemy of the Ministry rather than of the Nation, on seeing things precipitated to the unexpected Situation in which I found them on my arrival.
Had Genl Forman, to whom I wrote a Fortnight ago; to know if these Answers from York were come, answer’d in the Negative or had they been different, twas my fix’d intention to have gone and ask’d for such employ as you should have deem’d proper.
The Questions I ask’d shew I never mean’d to abandon American Liberty, but was oblig’d to fix my Ideas of Right & wrong by what I express’d in Print. The mode of Civil Liberty which the people choose seems to be now wholly in their own power.
Of all my expectations none would have given me greater happiness than being near your person. But cannot find how these letters leave it in my power. But I shall always deem the favour you have shewn me an honour to Sir with greatest respect Yr most humble & obedient servt

Apollos Morris


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons, 29 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Parsons, Samuel Holden

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook May 29th 1777.

I was just now favoured with your Letter of the 25th by Major Humphrys. The intelligence communicated by it, is truely interesting and agreeable, and now I shall take occasion, not only to give you my hearty approbation of your conduct in planning the expedition to

  Long Island, but to return my sincere thanks to Lt Colo. Meigs and to all the Officers and men engaged in it. This enterprise, so fortunate in the execution, will greatly distress the Enemy in the important and essential article of Forage, and reflects much Honor on those who performed it. I shall ever be happy to reward merit when in my power, and therefore wish you to inquire for a vacant Ensigncy in some of the Regiments for Sergeant Ginnings, to which you will promote him, advising me of the same and the time.

As I could only repeat, what I have said in my former Letters to you and to Govr Trumbull, on the subject of his and the assembly’s request for part of the Troops to remain in Connecticut, it is unnecessary for me to say more respecting it, than that I cannot possibly comply with it at this time. The passes and the Fortifications in the Highlands are of the last importance and every means in our power must be employed to secure them. If the Enemy’s movements, which most probably will be understood, in a little time should, be such as to shew that Hudson’s River is not their object and the State of the Troops will admit, I shall with great pleasure post a part, about the white plains, Stamford &ca, and give every protection I can to Connecticut, consistent with the general Interest; but till these events take place, neither prudence or policy, will justify me in sparing men.
You will, agreeable to my request, repair to Peeks Kills after making the necessary orders about the Troops. I am Dear Sir with great esteem, Your most Obedt Servt

G. Washington


Title: From George Washington to Maj. Gen. John Sullivan, 29 May 1777 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

Letter not found: to Maj. Gen. John Sullivan, 29 May 1777. GW wrote Sullivan on this date: “I wrote to you this morning.”


Title: From George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 29 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town May 29th 1777

I received your favour of this date. It is of the greatest moment that the motions of the enemy on the quarter you mention, should be narrowly watched; and every step they take known by me as early as possible. I am strongly apprehensive they will shortly push for Philadelphia by water, and the counteracting their scheme will intirely depend upon my having instant intelligence of every thing they do towards it. For this purpose you will concert a plan with Col: Foreman, or the Commanding officer that way, to keep a careful eye upon them, and communicate the minutest proceeding. You had better ingage some of the inhabitants, whose attachment you can be sure of to watch

them and bring express whatever they discover to you, which you will take care to forward with all speed to me. I recommend this mode in preference to employing light horse men; because those inhabitants will know the country better than they, and may be more depended upon than perhaps many of them. I am informed a great part of Col. Moylan’s men have been raised in the city of Philadelphia, and are foreigners, and of the most vagrant kind. These men should not be employed for special purposes, where their fidelity would be eminently required.
I wrote to you this morning, desiring you would make all detachments of men, waggons, or any thing else pass by a rout different from the usual, where they will be in the greatest danger of being intercepted—They must be made to take a more Western course, as I am well informed a party of the enemy’s light horse have been as far as Somerset Court House, and no doubt they will have parties frequently scouring that way. I repeat this lest my letter should have miscarried, and because, I have it much at heart that a practice should be immediately discontinued, which without a miracle, must be attended with ill consequences. I am with regard Sir Your most Obedient servant

Go: Washington

P.S. I beg of you to inform Mr Custis if he comes by the way of Princeton that it is my desire that he goes round instead of coming the usual Road to this place.

G. W——n


Title: General Orders, 30 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook, May 30th 1777.
Dover.Epsom. France.

The Commissary General is to adopt every means in his power, to provide Vinegar for the use of the army; and to see that provisions are regularly served; to do which with ease, he is to have an Assistant with each brigade—Provisions are to be delivered to regimental Quarter

Masters only, or to a commissioned officer authorised for the purpose, when the regiment has no Quarter Master—except in cases of small detachments; when a non-commissioned officer may receive them—none to be delivered, without proper returns being made to the Commissaries.
The commanding officers of corps are to take care, that their men always have two days provision, by them, that they may not suffer in case of any sudden call, to any particular duty: The Brigadiers to pay a proper attention to this matter; and also to have the arms, of their brigades, examined, and make report of the kind and quality—They are moreover to see that their brigades are completed with ammunition, as soon as possible; and that all waste of it, is prevented.
The General has the pleasure to acquaint the army, that General Parsons formed an expedition to the East end of Long Island, under the command of Lieut: Col. Meigs, which was attended with the most happy success—After burning eleven vessels, loaded with one hundred and twenty ton of ’pressed forage, rum, and other articles; and one armed vessel of 12 Guns; they brought off Ninety prisoners, besides killing several of the enemy—Six only escaped—As the army is now collected, and may soon be engaged in important transactions—The General takes occasion, from the laudable instance he has mentioned, to declare to the army, both officers and men, that, he will be strictly observant of their conduct, and make a point of distinguishing those, by his rewards, who distinguish themselves, by their bravery, and good behaviour—As merit will not pass unnoticed; so misconduct will meet with the severest punishment.
A General Court Martial to sit immediately, for the trial of all prisoners who shall be brought before it. All Evidences to attend.
The Brigade Majors are to attend the Grand Parade, and be answerable that their men are well supplied with ammunition, and their arms in good condition—No excuse will be admitted for any neglect of this necessary duty.
The light Cavalry, which are to attend the picquets as Videts, are to be on the Grand parade, precisely at Guard mounting.
After Orders. The Commander in Chief directs, that the whole Army be ready to move by 4 Oclock to morrow morning; their tents struck; their baggage loaded, and men under arms—it is expected that every thing in the Quarter Master General, and Commissary General’s department, will be ready to move at the same time.
Brigadiers commanding brigades, and commanding Officers of regiments, and corps, are to pay strict attention to see their officers, and men, in camp this evening, and well supplied with ammunition.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Horatio Gates, 30 May 1777
From: Gates, Horatio
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Albany 30th May 1777.

Late last night the Inclosed from General poor, was brought me Express from Ticonderoga. I also inclose Your Excellency a General Return of the Garrison at that post dated the 24th Instant, by which You will perceive the shameful deficiency in the Numbers proper for it’s defence. Artillerists are likewise much Wanted; I always expected Six Companies: Two, is as many as can be said to be there. The bad weather of late, has so cut up the Roads, that the Transportating of Stores, Cannon, and provisions, has been extremely delay’d. I am this Moment sending Expresses to the Eastern States, with a Copy of General Poor’s Letter to each, and a pressing Requisition, for an immediate Reinforcement of Men, either by Corps of Militia, or a Draught to Compleat the Regiments now at Ticonderoga. Your Excellency, And Congress, may be Assured, that every thing possible for the Safety, and preservation of that Important post, shall be Attempted; but at the same time, it is to be wish’d, the Means may be found Adequate to the End. I am, Sir, Your Excellency’s Most Obedient Humble Servt

Horatio Gates


Title: To George Washington from James Lovell, 30 May 1777
From: Lovell, James
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philada May 30th 1777

As chairman of the Committee on foreign applications, I inclose herewith to your Excellency the only list which has come to hand from France, tending, in any manner, to discover the arrangement made there of the officers who lately arrived in the Amphitrite.
Should it appear hereafter by any vouchers that some of them have a just claim by compact to higher commissions, Congress will attend to the claim. In the mean time these passionate admirers of rank will be the objects of your Excellency’s Justice according as they may exhibit to you extraordinary merits.
It is not to be doubted but that their differing progress in our language will make them useful in different degrees in our service.
Mr Maligny who has been this week in Philadelphia discovers a surprising aptitude in speaking and writing English, and appears highly ambitious to merit your favor. I have the honor to be With sincere devotion Your Excellency’s friend And humble Servant

James Lovell


Title: To George Washington from Richard Peters, 30 May 1777
From: Peters, Richard
To: Washington, George

Sir
War Office [Philadelphia] May 30th 1777

By Order of the Board I do myself the Honour of troubling your Excellency for Information on the Subject of our Prisoners who are with the Enemy. I am directed to enquire whether a Commissary has been sent in to supply them or in what Situation that Business now is & what Steps have been taken which have fallen within your Observation for the Relief of their Wants. The Board are desirous of collecting every necessary Information that they may be enabled to form a proper Judgment of that Part of General Howe’s Letter which as they apprehend groundlessly throws upon Congress an Imputation of Neglect of proper Attention to their Officers & Soldiers in Captivity.
The enclosed Letter from Genl Forman I am directed to transmitt to your Excellency as the best Judge of the Expediency of the Measure therein recommended. Should you approve of it the Board will endeavour to comply with the Request.
The Board has been frequently applied to by Complainants against a certain Captain John Doyle of an independent Company raised in this State who is indebted but every where for almost all the Necessaries with which his Company were supplied. Enclosed is a Letter from a Gentleman to whom he owes a large Sum to pay which he has recieved Money from the Treasury. If this be not an Object unworthy of your Attention amidst your present more important Concerns it would be well to weed out of the Army a Person who has conducted himself so unbecoming the Character of a Gentleman & a Soldier. I have the Honour to be with the greatest Respect Your very obedient & most humble Servt

Richard Peters Secy


Title: From George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 30 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook May 30th 1777.

Inclosed you will receive a copy of the Information I received last night. From this, It appears, the Enemy are drawing their force from New York, and the account seems to be corroborated thro’ several other Channels. My principal design in communicating this intelligence, is, that if the facts are true, it favours the Expedition suggested in my Letter of the 25th. You are not to understand however, that I would have you undertake it, unless from a consideration of all circumstances, and the information you have on the subject, you judge it practicable and likely to be attended with success. If it can be effected, it will be attended, with the most beneficial Consequences.
You will avail yourself of the information, so far as it respects yourself. Whether true or false, the hint is useful, as we know that too many Tories infect the Country and may, unless guarded against, find opportunities of seizing those who are objects of the Enemy’s resentment, and whom they could wish to have taken off. I am Dear Sir &ca

G. Washington


Title: General Orders, 31 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook, May 31st 1777.
Guilford.Hackinsack. Ireland.

A principal design of the movement this morning was, to see whether a proper distribution of baggage waggons had been made, to the several regiments, and with what degree of alertness, and expedition, the army could be ready to march, on a sudden emergency—The General has much reason for approbation in many respects; but, though there was great exactness, in some instances—He wishes a greater punctuality to the time had been more generally observed. Every Officer of reflection must be sensible of the necessity of a strict regard to the time prescribed in movement’s of this kind, on which the success of the most important events may absolutely depend—And it will be expected in future, that a precise conformity to the moment pointed out will mark the conduct of every corps.
The General earnestly recommends, that officers of every rank, will disincumber themselves of all superfluous baggage, as it will only serve to employ a greater number of waggons than can be spared, consistent with the good of the service; and must be lost in the course of the campaign.
Nothing is more common, than to hear men plead ignorance of general orders, in excuse for a breach of them—Nor is this excuse confined to privates only—it sometimes even disgraces the mouths of officers—To prevent it in future, The General orders, the commanding officers of corps, to have general orders constantly read to their corps. They may rely upon being called to a severe account, should the same plea be made hereafter, supported by truth.
It is much to be lamented, that the foolish and scandalous practice of profane Swearing is exceedingly prevalent in the American Army—Officers of every rank are bound to discourage it, first by their example, and then by punishing offenders—As a mean to abolish this, and every other species of immorality—Brigadiers are enjoined, to

take effectual care, to have divine service duly performed in their respective brigades.
By a return from the Quarter Master General, it appears, that more, than a sufficiency of tents, have been issued, to cover the whole army; yet some corps are defective in that article—Others must have had more than proportion—The Commander in Chief repeats the late order from Major Genl Greene, calling for immediate returns to the Quarter Master General of the exact number of tents drawn by each corps.
The General approves the following Sentences of a Court Martial, held at Boundbrook the 21st Inst: whereof Colo. Spotswood was president.
Thomas Edwards of the 7th Virginia regt tried for “sleeping on his post”—sentenced to receive 50 lashes.
William Fees of Col. Angel’s regt for “Desertion,” to receive 100 lashes.
Evan Loyd of the 9th Pennsylv: regt for Desertion, to receive 25 lashes.
Aaron Apply of the 4th Pennsylv: for “sleeping on his post”—to receive 25 lashes—on account of his being a young soldier, and of a good character, his punishment is remitted.
Joseph Bryant of the 2nd Virginia—for “sleeping on his post”—to receive 50 lashes.
Dennis Myers—3rd Pennsylva.—for “Desertion, and threatening to desert”—to receive 100 lashes.
Edward Banker of the same regt, and for the same Crime—acquitted.
Thomas Murphy—10th Pennsylva.—for “Desertion”—to receive 50 lashes.
John Trow of Major Ottendorf’s corps for “Desertion” to be reprimanded by his commanding officer.
John McConnel of the 10th Pennsylv: for “Desertion,” to receive 100 lashes.
William Hardy of the German battalion for “Desertion, and inlisting in two different regiments”—to be reprimanded by his Colonel.
Jeffries Connol of the 3rd Pennsylva for “Desertion”—to receive 25 lashes.
Robert Story—7th Maryland—for “Desertion”—to be reprimanded.
Alexander Henderson—10th Pennsylva for “Desertion”—to receive 25 lashes.
Peter Smith—7th Maryland—for “quitting his post”—to be reprimanded.

Nicholas Hamber—8th Pennsylva.—“Desertion”—acquitted.
Those sentences to be immediately executed, except in the instance, in which the punishment is remitted.
The brigades on the right and left, front and rear of the camp, are to establish small guards, of one subaltern one Corporal and eight privates, in all the passes leading to the camp, in order to prevent Soldiers from straggling, and the Country people from coming into Camp—No Countryman, or other person, to come into camp, without permission from the nearest Brigadier, or Field Officer; All persons in camp, who cannot give a satisfactory account of themselves, are to be confined, and reported to the nearest Brigadier—These Guards to be relieved by the Brigade Majors daily.


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 31 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
Head Qrs Middle Brook May 31st 1777

Monsr Coudré is just arrived at Camp, and proposes to set out to Morrow for Philadelphia. What his views are, I am uncertain, having had no conversation with him upon the Subject; but I find, an Idea prevails, that there is an Agreement between Mr Dean & him, that he shall have the cheif command of the Artillery.
How well founded this Opinion may be, I cannot determine; but if it be true, it may involve the most injurious consequences. General Knox who has deservedly acquired the character of One of the most valuable Officers in the service, and who combating almost innumerable difficulties in the department he fills, has placed the Artillery upon a footing, that does him the greatest Honor. He, I am persuaded, would consider himself injured by an Appointment superseding his command, & would not think himself at liberty to continue in the service. Should such an Event take place, in the present state of things, there would be too much reason to apprehend a train of ills, and such as might convulse & unhinge this Important Department.
Supposing Monsr Coudre, to have made such an Agreement, the case is of great difficulty, and which in my Opinion, is worthy of the most delicate consideration of Congress; Yet May not means be still devised to satisfie this Gentleman by appointing him to some command, not derogatory to his promised rank and which will be agreable to him? From the recommendations, we have had of him, I am obliged, to esteem him of high character & of great knowledge in what he professes; And from this consideration, & the manner in which he is

mentioned to us, it appears, that much address and delicacy must be used to conciliate matters.
Many reasons, besides those I have noted, might be assigned for continuing Genl Knox, first in Command in this department, which on reflection will readily occur. I would only observe, without insinuating the most distant shadow of distrust of Monsr Coudre’s Honor—candor or integrity, that on the General maxims of prudence & policy, it may be questioned with much propriety, whether so important a Command, as that of the Artillery, should be vested in Any, but a Native or One attached by the ties of Interest to these States.
Congress will be pleased to excuse the freedom I have used upon this occasion, and, I trust, will impute it to the importance of the Subject which gave rise to it. I have the Honor to be with great respect Sir Yr Most Obedt Sert

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 31 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook Camp 31st May 1777

Since I did myself the honor to write to you the 29th I have recd the inclosed intelligence. As it comes from a person of Veracity, and one who is much in the confidence of the Enemy, I have no doubt as to the fact of the two Brigades having come over from New York to Amboy, and also that a Number of Waggons have been brought from Staten and Long Island. These accounts are corroborated by information of the same kind from several different Quarters. But I do not place so much dependance upon the account of the intended attack upon this place, because I think if such a matter was really in agitation, it would be kept a profound secret. I rather am of opinion that it is thrown out to deceive. But at any rate, taking it for granted that they are assembling their Troops & Carriages, what can they have in View but a move, either immediately, or when their reinforcement (if they get any) arrives, and if they do move, I can see no other object but Philadelphia. It is true they have seemed for some time past to have laid aside all thoughts of attempting that City by land, but if they had only the attacking

this Army in contemplation, they would never incumber themselves with a large train of Waggons, which, if they were successful would retard them in their pursuit, and if defeated, would be in danger of falling into our Hands.
I inclose you an extract of a letter which I recd from Genl Sullivan, if the two India Ships, which have been cut down, are gone out to sea, I should suppose they are intended for the Delaware, because they are not capable of performing a rough or long Voyage. This, if true, looks as if a sudden corresponding move by land was intended, for they will never send their Ships long before their Troops.
These you will please to observe are mere conjectures upon circumstances, for the actions of the Enemy have, for a long time past, been so different from appearances, that I hardly dare to form an opinion. But I would wish to profit by every peice of intelligence, and be prepared to ward off every danger that threatens. I would therefore recommend that the pennsylvania Militia, who are assembling at Bristol for the express purpose of guarding the River and opposing the passage of the enemy, should be put under the command of a good General Officer, who would see that they are kept to their duty and prepared for a sudden emergency. Except this is done they may as well be at home.
I last Night recd a letter from General Mcdougal, an extract of which you have inclosed. By this it appears that a Reinforcement is arrived, but whether from Canada or Europe is uncertain. You will observe that he likewise mentions that eight Transports with Foot and a Schooner with Horses & Hay had fallen down. We can only form conjectures at present of the place of their destination, but if they stand southward, Philadelphia is the most probable place.
I have the pleasure to communicate a very agreeable peice of intelligence which I have recd from Genl Parsons of the destruction of 12 of the Enemy’s Vessels in Sag Harbour upon the East End of Long Island. I give you his letter at length, which I think reflects high honor upon the Conduct and Bravery of Colo. Meigs, his Officers and Men. I have the honor to be Sir most respectfully Yours

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Alexander McDougall, 31 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

Dr Sir
Head Qrs [Middlebrook] May 31st 1777.

I last night received your favor of the 29th. Your Conjectures, respecting the Troops arrived, correspond with my own. I shall not be disappointed, if they are those, which were in Canada, having long thought, there was a probability of their coming to reinforce Genl Howe.
I am much surprized, that more of the Connecticut Troops, have not reached Pecks Kill. I have repeatedly & in most pressing Terms, urged their comeing, & by the Returns received long since, know their Number to be much more considerable, than what has come into service.
I have ordered the paymaster, to transmit a Hundred & Sixty Thousand Dollars to Pecks Kills, out of which, Doctor Foster will obtain a Supply for the Hospital.
I have nothing of importance to communicate and only to add, that I am Dr Sir with great esteem Yr Most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Captain Francis Wade, May 1777
From: Wade, Francis
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philada  May 1777

Your favr of 19th Ult. was several days on the way before it Came to my hands, at Allen Town, being then preparg to return home, in Consequence of your Excellys permissn I thought best to defer answerg your lettr until I had an Oporty of Consultg Balser about the reward he Expected for his services going over to Staten Island, & the risque he run &c., I have talked with him on that head, & he has agreed to be satisfied with the sum of £50 which I am of Opinion is not unreasonable Considering the risque he run, & the time he was Confin’d with the Enemy—my books & papers being removed to York Town in this State prevents my sending the particulars, of the money Expended on that Occasion, the Amount I remembr was £12.14.3 which arose from my going with Balser, to New York, payg & treating the men, that attended the boat, night & day, whilst I was reconnitering the Situation of the ground, to land him on, likewise two half Johanns given him on his going over.
It gives me Concern to think that you have been so often troubled on Account of the departments I have been Acting in, by your Excellencys orders, to prevent which in future, I have petitioned the Honble the Congress to Apoint a Committee, to Enquire into my Conduct, & the Conduct of those people that I had to deal with who, in open Violation of your Authorety, now detains, the publick stores which I bot & paid for, & put into their Care, to force me into a Complian⟨ce⟩ of paying them unjust Accts and I have requested, if it Can in one Instance be proved, that I have been guilty of Acts of Injustice or Tyran⟨ny⟩ as they Industerously propogated, & which had the desired Effect, with some gentn that I least suspected in office, oweing as I since find ou⟨t⟩ to a Jalousey at my not havg my Commissn & orders Immediately und⟨er⟩ them, I would submit to any Censure or punishmt they would be pleas’d to Inflict on me, (& they have granted my prayer) & those people had proper notice to attend, & several of them Attended According⟨ly⟩ and I have now the satisfaction to Assure you, that they have never made the attempt to prove that I Acted with the least Violence or unbecomeing an officer dureing my being on the

station, they have wholly rested their Charges on my fixeing prices on the Articles got from them, which I was Induced to do, from Enquiri⟨es⟩ made among themselves, of the prices going at the time I fir⟨st⟩ purchas’d, & latterly agreed to give the prices giveing by other Commiss’rs about that Quartr In fact I was so much aware of the people soon after my going to Allen Town, from their Charactrs that I guarded agt puting myself or those that honourd me with a Commissn in their power, & have produced such proofs as to Confute Every argument, they Can advance which I am ready to produce if the least doubt remains with you I know my own Intentions when I Engaged in that service, & Can now declare I had nothing more in View then that of serveing your Excellency & my Country, your attention so Early to puting a stop to in all practices, am in hopes will have the desired Effect from the late regulations made by the Honble the Congress.
I wish I Could Join with your Excellency in Openion respectg Genl Formans being able to keep the disaffected in Monmouth County in order, I fear he has not strenth for it & as to their Milit’a I am of Opinion if they do turn out they will be of more hurt then good to him, since my Comeing home, I have been informed that Majr Apallos Morris was thought of for Adjutant Genl. I have not had an Oporty of knowg his sentiments on that head, he being out of town for sometime past, but thus much must say in his fav’r that I have been Acquainted & Intimate, with that Gentn since 1764 when he was strongly recommended to me, by his then Colnl now Brigadier Genl Massy, & have always found him to be a gentn of strict honor, & have always heard that he was a good soldier & Active in that profession.
I must beg your Excellencies Excuse for the liberty now taken to trouble you on those several matters, as I may not in future have the honour of Communicateing my sentiments on publick matters, I think it a duty however Incumbant on me before I Close, to mention a matter that perhaps may be worthy some notice, I have sometime ago mentioned it to some membrs of Congress, but dont know that they have taken any notice of it (it is this) I have had good Information that there are now in & about the Neighbourhood of Cape May New Jersey 30000 head of Cattle of different kinds, & near as many sheep if the Enemy makes a decent from the Deleware, you may Judge the fate of them, they have given an Instance of what they will do by a late Excursion, of a party from the ships of war near to that part of the Country.
I wish your Excellency all Immaginable success agt the Enemies to this Country, & am with wishes for your future hapiness & Welfare, and sir Your most Oblig’d & most Obedt Hhble Servt

Frans Wade


Title: General Orders, 1 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, Middle-Brook, June 1st 1777.
Dublin.Dartmouth. Derby.

The General directs the following rules to be invariably observed throughout the army; and as he is apprehensive they will meet with great obstacles, in the carelessness, and indolence of some officers; he thinks it necessary to declare, that he will not overlook any neglect, or breach of them, that shall come to his knowledge.
Each regiment to be paraded at troop and at retreat beating—the rolls carefully called, and absentees punished—All officers, not on duty, to attend the parade—to see that their men are clean and decent—their arms and accoutrements in order—their ammunition complete—that they behave well in their ranks, are silent, steady and orderly.
Once a day, at such time as the Brigadier shall judge most convenient, each corps to be exercised in the manual, and evolutions; and once a week at least, each brigade to be exercised collectively under the direction of its Brigadier—The most essential part of discipline being marching and forming, this should be more particular[l]y practiced. All officers, not on other duty, to be present on these occasions, not as unconcerned spectators, but to learn, & to perform their own duty, and to see that the men do theirs—The Field Officers to exercise their regiments themselves, and in their absence the Captains; and not

leave it to Adjutants, as has been heretofore the case. It is necessary the men should be accustomed to the voice and command of those, who are to direct them in Action, and that these should by practice acquire a facility in doing their part.
The General observes with concern, that both officers and Soldiers are guilty of the unsoldierly practice of straggling from camp—He forbids the continuance of it on any pretence whatever—Whoever shall be found a mile from camp, unless on duty, or with permission of the Brigadier commanding him, whether officer, or soldier, shall be tried for disobedience of orders.
As there is a necessity for the Army to rise, and turn out every morning at Revellie-beating—they ought to go to rest early—All lights must be put out at 9 o’Clock in the evening, and every man to his tent.
The Provost Marshal to patrole the camp, and its environs frequently—to take up all who cannot give a good account of themselves, and all disorderly persons—He is to see that the Suttlers do not deal out liquors &c. at an untimely hour, but conform to such rules as have been, or may be formed, relating to them.
The commanding officers of corps who may not have seen the order of the 20th of May, respecting the arrangement of rank, will immediately send their Adjutants to Head-Quarters, for it, and will be expeditious in complying with it.
The commanding officer of every Corps is to make a report early to morrow morning, to his Brigadier, of the number of rifle-men under his command—In doing which, he is to include none but such as are known to be perfectly skilled in the use of these guns, and who are known to be active and orderly in their behaviour—Each Brigadier to make a collective return to the Adjutant General of these men.


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Francis Barber, 1 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Barber, Francis

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 1st June 1777

I dont know what particular instructions you recd from Genl Green, but I must inform you that you are not only stationed at your present post to keep small parties of the Enemy from making excursions, but also to send out parties yourself to lay between Millstone and Brunswic and endeavour to make discovery of any Motions of the Enemy. If you find them move in such a manner as to induce you to beleive that they mean either to proceed directly to the Delaware or round upon our right flank, you will in that Case dispatch one Messenger immediately

to me and another to Genl Sullivan. Be careful to keep good Guards at the Bridges and Fords near to you lest you should be surprized.
Be pleas’d to forward the inclos’d by a fresh Horseman, and let the bearer return. I am Sir Your most hum. Servt.


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 1 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook June 1st 1777

I have your favour of the 19th May. General De Coudrée arrived here last night, and set off this morning for Philadelphia. What his engagements with Mr Dean are, I cannot say; but as he is represented to be a Gentleman of great ability in his profession, I dare say his expectations are high. Congress will undoubtedly make a genteel and honorable provision for him; but I hope it may be done, in such a manner, as not to give disgust to any of the general officers in our army.
I am glad to hear that you are removing the Military stores, and I think not only application, but direction should be given to the Deputy Commissaries to remove all their stores to places of safety. I do not really know where Sherburn is, but if there is the least danger, the large Magazine of salt should be first removed, as the most valuable article, and the others afterwards. Applications of this kind should be made directly to the Commissary General, or the person acting by authority under him. In mine of the 24th of last month you will find my directions about having guards of Militia for the stores. I am Dear Sir Your most Obed. servant

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to John Langdon, 1 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Langdon, John

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 1st June 1777

I am favd with yours of the 16th and am glad to find that you are taking Steps to remove the Military Stores from pertsmouth—I am

surprized that you have never heard from the Cloathier General respecting the Cloathing which arrived from France, I shall in my next Letter desire him to give you some directions about them.
So far from the Militia’s having left Arms at the different Posts for the continental Use, that they have drained the Continental Magazines by coming in unarmed and carrying away what they were supplyed with. Did the State of our Armoury allow of it, your request for keeping a few for cases of emergency might be complyed with, but the amazing waste and loss occasioned by the Carelessness of Officers & Soldiers calls for all that we have lately imported to keep our Regiments properly armed. I am therefore under the Necessity of ordering all that have lately arrived to be sent forward to Springfield, to be drawn from thence as they are wanted. I am Sir Yr most obt Servt.


Title: From George Washington to Richard Henry Lee, 1 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Richard Henry

Dear Sir,
Camp at Middlebrook 1 June 1777.

By your favour of the 22d Ulto I perceive my Letter of the 17th has been expressed in too strong terms. I did not mean by the words, “to get rid of importunity” to cast the smallest reflection; indeed the hurry with which I am obliged to write the few private Letters I attempt, will not allow me to consider the force & tendency of my Words; nor should I have been surprizd if the fact had really been so if I am to judge of their I mean Foreigners, applications to Congress, by those to myself; for it is not one, nor twenty explanations that will satisfie the cravings of these Peoples demds.
You will, before this can reach you, have seen Monsr D’Coudrey—What his real expectations are, & what his agreements with Mr Dean, I know not; but I fear if his appointment is equal to what I have been told is his expectation, it will be attended with unhappy consequences. To say nothing of the policy, of Entrusting a department, on the due execution of which the Salvation of the Army depends, to a foreigner who has no other Tye to bind him to the Interests of this Country than honour, I wd beg leave to observe that by putting Monsr D’Coudrey at the head of the Artillery you will loose a very valuable Officer in General Knox who is a Man of great Military Reading, sound judgment, & clear conceptions—He has conducted the affairs of that department with honour to himself, and advantage to the Public—and will resign if any one is put over him.
My last return of the Army, will give you our strength, and shew

the State of the Recruiting Service, which seems to be at an end—the Regiments of Pensylvania indeed appear to be growing worse, & unless some coercive method can be hit upon to compleat the Battalions I see no chance of doing it.
Genl Howe’s encouragement, by Proclamation, has occasiond great Desertions in our Army to his with the Arms of it—this I have represented to Congress, & submitted to them the propriety of offering something back by way of Counteraction; but have receivd no answer, and this being frequently the case, leaves me often in a very disagreeable state of Suspence, which a simple yea, or nay, would relieve me from.
If some effectual mode is not devised to fill the Regimts it is impossible, at least very unlikely, that any effectual opposition can be given to the British Army with the Troops we have, whose Numbers diminish more by desertion than Increas’d by Inlistments.
I have requested the Director Genl of the Hospital here (as it is properly within his Line) to take notice of the Report which you say prevails to the Southward, concerning the Sick, & to remark upon it in the Gazettes. I am with great regard and Affect. Dr Sir Yr Most Obt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Lewis Morris, 1 June 1777 [letter not found]
From: Morris, Lewis
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Lewis Morris, 1 June 1777. GW wrote Morris on 12 June: “Your favor of the 1st Instant has been duly receiv’d.”


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons, 1 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Parsons, Samuel Holden

Sir,
Head Quarters Camp at Middle Brook June 1st 1777

In mine of the 25th Ultimo, I consented to your detaining some of the Continental troops to execute the expedition you proposed to Long Island. I have now to desire in the most positive manner, that you send on as fast as possible all who are not absolutely necessary for that purpose, and as I am morally certain, that till the field officers are forced from their scenes of ease and dissipation into the field, we shall stand little chance of seeing their men, you will make a point of ordering them on to Peeks-Kill. Your greatest diligence in forwarding the Troops is indispensibly requisite—Our Affairs pressingly demand it. I am Sir Your most Obedt servant

G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 1 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

Dr Sir
Head Qrs at Middle Brook June 1st 1777.

I have now before me your Two favors of the 27th and 30th Ulto. I thank you for the information contained in the latter; I had the substance of it, transmitted before in a Letter from Genl McDougal.
In respect to the Rhode Island Detachment, you will have received Orders for their march to join Colo. Olney at Morris Town.
I do not agree with you in Sentiment, respecting the Quantity of provision you mention as necessary to be lodged at Fort Montgomery. I think such a supply would be highly improper. Provision should be lodged in the Country above & contiguous to the Fort, from whence It can be easily & occasionally drawn; but if it is deposited there & that by any means should fall into the Enemy’s hands, the misfortune would be aggravated in the Loss of it. In a word, as Supplies can always be had from the Upper Country, whilst the Fort can be maintained, the quantity to be there should be inconsiderable. When ever the Enemy attempt to possess the Fort, they will be repulsed, or accomplish their plan in the course of three or four days. I am Dr Sir with great esteem Yr Most Obedt servant.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Israel Putnam, 1 June 1777
From: Putnam, Israel
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Peeks Kill [N.Y.] June 1st 1777

It is Impossible for me at this Juncture to obey your Instruction with respect to the Boats, we have verry few Flat Bottom’d ones here, and as yet only one Whale Boat has been employ’d in Cruising in the River I have Directed the Quarter Master to have Eight Built Immediately, and a proper officer with a party of men to man them—four of them I intend shall be kept alway’s down the River as a Look out, and four Ready to Relieve them—I have Also orderd a number of Flat Bottomd ones to be built as soon as Possible, and to be stationd at Kings Ferry, and New Windsor.
The Troops here make a most Unsoldier Like Appearance for the want of Cloaths—many of them no shirt at all, and verry few more than one—no Uniform or Shoes, which is a most assential Article here—if they were Bro’t to Action it would be Almost Impossible for them to Act, Among those Rocks and Mountans, which Peeks Kill Abound with.

They were hurried away with the promise of having their Cloathing as soon as they arrived here. There was a Quantity of Cloathing Arrived at Fish Kills Yesterday, I have orderd it to be stop’d untill I Receive your Directions—I have wrote to Maise and Cadwell to send up some Deputy Cloather to Deliver it out—and if it meets with your approbation, I should be glad you would write to them Least they should refuse to Comply with my orders The Ships and Gally is not yet Ready bu⟨t⟩ will get fitted and fall down as soon as possib⟨le.⟩
we have had nine deserters Came into to⟨day⟩ from Th. Bridg⟨e⟩ Altogether—the Examination of which I send you—they say they came by Virtue of a Proclamation Issued by the Convention of this state, which we have endeavourd to spread among them they say their officers tell them that Old McDougall is a Bitter Devil and will hang them up as soon as [they] Come out—they further say if the men could get Acquainted with that Proclamation they would almost Universally Desert. I am Dear General Your Most Obt Hume servt

Israel Putnam

P.S. sinse writing the above there has been 4 more Diserters Came in.


Title: From George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 1 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

Dear Sir
Middle Brook 1st June 1777

In consequence of your representation I yesterday detatched Lt Colo. Barber with 150 Men and some Horse to Sommerset Court House.
I wish you would use your endeavours to encourage the Militia between Brunswic and the Delaware to be ready to assemble and give their Assistance provided the Enemy attempt to march thro’ the Country, which they intend to do from all our late Accounts. The inclosed I recd from Genl Lincoln this morning.
I have information that the Enemy have cloathed some of their light Horse in Green I suppose with intent to deceive us, of this our Officers commanding scouting parties and those at advanced posts should be advised.
I most earnestly desire that you may keep no more provision or Baggage at princetown than is absolutely necessary and that you may always have Carriages ready to carry off that and your Tents at a Moments warning, that you may be intirely disincumbered and ready to act offensively or defensively as occasion may require. I dont know what means you will fall upon to collect the Militia, or if they can be prevailed upon to take an active part, what signal you will fix upon for them to assemble. But I think if they will only agree to fall upon the flanks of the Enemy upon their march in small parties without any regular order they may harrass and impede them very much. They may be informed that the people in this part of the State have acted with great Spirit since our Army has been drawn into closer compass. There are now 300 Militia assembled at Newark, 200 at Elizabeth Town and 200 at Raway which is more than we could ever get out when our Army covered the Country and was ready to assist them.
I have given Colo. Barber orders to keep out good Scouts and to give you immediate information of any move towards you by way of the Somerset Road. I am &c.


Title: From George Washington to Captain Francis Wade, 1 June 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Wade, Francis

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 1st June 1777

I have yours in May without any particular date. I am very certain that when Balser made his Escape he called upon me and got a Reward for his Services and the Risque he run. Having sent away many of my old papers I cannot tell the Sum that was paid to him, but you may depend upon it that something has been paid. Be kind enough to put this Matter closely to Balser and endeavour to come at the Truth.
Major Morris was once thought of as Adjt General, but upon enquiring into his political Sentiments, they were found, by his own confession, to be such as would not warrant our employing him in the military line. I am Sir yrs.