Title: To George Washington from Thomas Gage, 23 November 1755
From: Gage, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir,
Albany [N.Y.] Novr 23d 1755.

Your obliging Letter of the 17th Octr was forwarded from Philadelphia to this Place, & came to my Hands yesterday. It gave me great Pleasure to hear from a Person, of whom The World has justly, so good an Opinion; & for whom I have so great an Esteem. I shall be extreamly happy to have frequent News of your Welfare, & hope soon to hear, that your laudable Endeavours, & the Noble Spirits you have exerted in the Service of your Country; have at last been crowned with the Success they merit. We expect the next Intelligence from your Parts, will inform us that those merciless Barbarians, that have ravaged your Frontiers are repulsed & driven back to their Woods. The Accts we have received of their Barbarities gave me infinite Concern when I reflected on the many poor Familys that I had seen, when in that part of the World; that had been Massacred by these Murderers; nothing would give me greater Pleasure, than to hear they had met with the Fate their Villanys deserve, & which I hope they will sooner or later meet with.
The two Regts are here & still encamped in a miserable Situation, Numbers of sick from The Inclemency of the weather, & I fear many more will be sent to hospitals before we get into Quarters; which will scarcely be prepared for their Reception, till the Beginning of next Month.
General Johnson has finished his Fort at Lake George, which will be garrisoned by The New England Forces; as well as Fort Edward; There is an End of this Campain, & nothing remains now but to prepare for the next which I hope will be more Successful than the last. I Sincerely wish you all health & Happiness

& beg you will believe me Dear Sir, your most obedient, humble servt

Thos Gage


Title: To George Washington from Christopher Gist, 24 November 1755
From: Gist, Christopher
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Lancaster Town Pennsylvania Novr 24th 1755

I have Sent twenty of My Soldiers to York Town who are all in good Sperritts there and Two I now Send to them. To Morrow I Shall follow them I have been forced to Borrow Money, and if Could have had Money enough I Bleive I Should have had 50 Men by this Time, I hope I Shall be properly Supploy’d with cash to Answer what I have done and if We want men I think I Can Soon get them. We have had No Scalping work hear this Week. We have a flying Story of 7000 French Going to Attact Genl Johnston which hope is Not true. I shall be at winchester with all Possible Speed in the Intrum I am Sir yr Most Humle Servt

Christr Gist

PS Detr: Giles is with me with whos Company hope you’l be pleased. C.G.


Title: To George Washington from William Fleming, 26 November 1755
From: Fleming, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fort Dunwiddie Novr 26. 1755

Before this no doubt you have heard of Capt. Bells Misfortune which keept me from Settling my recruiting Accts with him but left duplicates of these Accts when I marchd. It detaind me some days in expectation of hearing from him, which I did not, and hinderd me from Paying the men Agreeable to your order to the First of October, I was Able only to Join Capt. Hog with foure men Occasion’d by desertion of the recruits on being Accquainted with Capt. Bells Affairs I am Sir Your Verry Humble Servt

Wm Fleming


Title: To George Washington from Peter Hog, 26 November 1755
From: Hog, Peter
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fort Dinwiddie 26th Novr 1755

I have Sent under Cover the Return of the Company which tho more than a Week distant from the former I believed would be Satisfactory as it Includes the recruits by Mr Fleming and the Serjt and some of my Enlistd & Mr McNeil’s I Shall Endeavour to Compleat the Company with all Expedition and desire to know the allowance Settled for Recruiting agreable to the new Regulations. As the second Month is almost Expired the Men are Uneasy abt their pay, I hope it will be soon remitted, and a Method Settled to have it remitted punctually agreable to the Custom of the other Companies.
The Express is retd from Fredericksburg & Wmsburg without the Cash as Lt. McNeil Writes from the Court ho. where I sent him to receive the money & pay off the Accots he does not Let me know the Cause of the failure at Comisy Dicks but sent me up a Lettr from Mr Withers who Lets me know by the Govrs orders that I must Apply to Comy Walker who is gone to Wills Creek (wt. money for that purpose) or to you, as his Honr did

not Concern himself wt. those affairs. As I am Uncapable of Judging whether it will be most Expedient to Send to Fredericksburg or Wills Creek and the People are Clamorous for their money have ordered Lt. McNeil to hire an Express to send to the Creek if necessary[.] If it arrives I hope you will order the Comisy to dispatch the money and also the paymastr to Remit the pay. I am Sir Your Very hum. Servt

Petr Hog


Title: From George Washington to Adam Stephen, 28 November 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Stephen, Adam

Sir
[Alexandria] Novr 28th 1755

I receivd your two Letter’s last Night by Jenkins, and was greatly surpris’d to hear that Comy Walker was not arriv’d at Camp when he came away. He set out from Willmsburg abt the 12th Instant with Orders to proceed immediately up, but such disobedience of commands as I have generally met with is insufferable, and shall not go unpunished.
The acct you inclosd of the method of receiving the Beef I suppose is customary, but for want of judgment in these affairs I can neither applaud or condemn it.
I am as much astonishd as you were surprisd at the quantity of Salt said to be wanting for the Provision’s, but certain it is that if that, or a greater quantity is absolutely necessary it must be had. I have left a discretionary power in Commissary Walker to kill or Winter the Carolina Beeves as the Interest of the Service requires—pray assist him with your advice; and urge him on to make the necessary purchases of Flour & Pork in time.
The Governor did not seem inclinable to promote the removal of the Fort, however the Committee have lodgd a discretionary power in my hands, and have resolvd to pay for all extraordinary Work; I woud therefore have as little labour lost at Fort Cumberland as possible, at least till I come up which will be very shortly; my stay here being only for a few days in order to receive Recruits, and hurry up the Stores to Winchester.
I believe those who say Govr Sharpe is to Command can only wish it—I don’t know that Genl Shirley has a power to appoint a chief to our Forces—to regular’s he may.
As to that affair of turning the Store Ho. into a dwelling Room, I dont know yet what better answr to give than—saying, that this is one among the many instances that might be given of the inconveniences of having the Fort in Maryland: as soon

as I hear from Govr Shirley, which is hourly expected I can then send a more determin’d answer.
There has been such total negligence among the Recruiting Officer’s in Genl, such disregard of the Service, and idle proceedings, that I am determin’d to send out none till we all meet together, when each Officer shall receive his own men, and have only this alternative—to compleat his number—or loose his Comn. There are several Officers who have been out 6 weeks, and two months without getting a man, spendg their time in all the gaiety of pleasurable mirth with their relation’s and Friends—not attempting, or havg a possible chance of recrg any but those who out of their great inclination to the service will proffer themselves.
I shou’d be glad to have ten or twelve Waggons sent to this place for salt, enough may be had to load that number and it comes upon easier terms than at Fredericksburg by 6d or 8d pr Bushl.
Those Stores at Watkins’s Ferry and Conogochieg shoud be hurried up as fast as the Water affords opportunitys if it were only to prevent disputes—The Inclosd for Lieutt McManus I shoud be glad to have forwarded by the first oppertunity. I am Sir Yr Hble Servt

Go: Washington

If the Paymaster is at Winchester & not on his way to Fort Dinwiddie—order him down here immediately—if he shoud be going with Pay to Captn Hog, he is to proceed with dispatch but If he is at Fort Cumberland order him down to Winchester, to wait there till I arrive.


Title: From George Washington to Peter Hog, 28 November 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Hog, Peter

[Alexandria, 28 November 1755]
To Captain Peter Hogg, of the Virginia Regiment.

I am sorry to find by your Returns, that the men are deserting; and fear you do not take proper means to prevent it. The last account I had from you was of the 3d instant; mentions your not having received the Salt, Iron, &c. which surprizes me greatly; Major Lewis having ordered it up sometime ago: and by Mr Dicks accompt, I stand charged with the several articles. However, I have repeated my orders, and hope you will be soon supplied, if it has not already reached you.
I ordered from Winchester in October, that two months pay should be remitted you immediately by some safe hand; if that could not be done, the paymaster was then to carry it himself: and I can not conceive the reason that you have not received it. As to the pay for your Beeves, it may be had by drawing upon Mr Walker, who is now appointed Commissary for the Expedition.
The late Assembly have offered a reward to all who will apprehend Deserters; and a severe punishment upon any who shall detain or assist them in escaping. Also upon all Constables who shall refuse to receive and convey them to the Troop or Company to which they belong; or shall suffer them to escape after they are committed to their care.

I must again order, that you will be diligent in seeing those orders executed which I left with you. I expect some Recruits here the 1st of next month: and shall, if any can be spared, order another Subaltern and twnety-five men, to join you. Yours &c.

G:W.
Alexandria November 28th 1755.


Title: From George Washington to Charles Dick, 28 November 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Dick, Charles

To Mr Dick
[Mount Vernon, 28 November 1755]

If those necessaries which Major Lewis ordered for the use of Captain Hogg’s Company at Fort Dinwiddie, are not already gone, they must be sent off immediately, as he is a great sufferer for want of them; and which quantity of Salt must be made up twenty-five bushels.
I should also be glad if you would order up to Winchester about 400 weight of Steel, and a Hogshead, number 2, which contains Shirts; also a Bale no.  containing Blankets, and your Hose. I am &c.

G:W.
Mount-Vernon November 28th 1755.


Title: To George Washington from Peter Hog, 29 November 1755
From: Hog, Peter
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fort Dinwiddie 29th Novr 1755

Since mine of the 26th Inclosing the returns which I imagine Lt. McNeil has carried to Winchester where he is gone to Meet with Comisy Walker to gett the money for the Beeves as the people are terribly harrassed for Cash and Complain greatly on the Disapointment which I could not prevent as I was Ignorant of Mr Dicks being out of place Mr Gordon has arrived with the pay of the Company for two Months till 1st Decr[.] I mentd to the Soldrs when drawn up the Deduction of 2d. ⅌ Month with the Reduction of the Drumrs pay to 8 ⅌ day neither of which they seem Satisfied with I have two Negos & 2 Mullatoes in the Company the 2 last are Butchers and really Usefull as well as Likely, But if I can Compleat the Company should be glad to have your Instructions what to doe with the Negos[.] I have the 4 Deserters still prisoners besides Jno. Johnson & Arthur Watts[.] I formerly mentd Johnson’s plea to you, and Expect you will Let me know how I am to proceed with the others as I have not Officers for a Court Martial, and if any New Law is made respecting the Virga forces to transmit it to me to make the Men acquainted with it. I also desire that money may be sent up by the pay master for the 14 recruits wanted to Compleat the Company after deducting the 4 brot by Mr Fleming, I hope the pay also of the Men deserted the 21st Aug. will be remited from 1st July to that date Collo. Stevens has the Accot the Men are very Clamorous abt the 2 Months pay from 29th Decr Last to the 1st March and Expected it now as Swiney says you made such a promise at Winchester. Let me know also the Allowance for Carpenters & Smiths when they are Employed at their Trades.
There is nothing Extraordinary happened in these parts since the Burning of the fort on Green Briar. I intend to Send a party there next Week, tho we have still a great deal of Work in Cutting the Covert Way to the Spring building a Magazine & Clearing the Woods, for we have but two Axes and cannot gett Iron to make more or any other tool as they wrote me there was none at Fredericksburg Let me know where or how I am to be Supplied I am with Respect Sir Your Very hum. Servt

Petr Hog

P.S. I did not gett any kettles at Fredericksburg and the Men suffer prodigiously for Want of them as the Large kettle is now useless on their smal Barrack fire places I hope you will order 2 doz. first Oppy. P:H:


Title: Orders, 3 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

Alexandria: December 3d 1755.

Captain Bronaugh is ordered to hold himself in readiness to repair to Winchester immediately. All the other Officers now present, except Captain John Mercer, and Ensign Buckner, are to hold themselves in readiness to set out for Recruiting, and are to wait on Colonel Washington, at 2 oclock this Evening, for their Orders. Captain John Mercer is to prepare himself to go to Williamsburgh; and Ensign Buckner to remain here, to take charge of the Recruits, receive and deliver the Public Stores.
Each Officer to make out an accompt of what pay is due himself and men to the 1st of December, and to give them in tomorrow morning, at 9 o’clock, to the aid de camp, and they will be paid. If any of the Volunteers or Cadets have a desire to go with any of the Recruiting Officers, to assist them, they will have leave.
And it is Colonel Washingtons orders, they do not attempt to Recruit by or for, themselves.


Title: From George Washington to Joshua Lewis, 3 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Lewis, Joshua

[Alexandria, 3 December 1755]
To Captain Joshua Lewis, of the Virginia Regiment.

You are hereby ordered, to continue Recruiting until the 25th Instant; at which time you are with your Recruits, to be at Winchester without fail.
You are to proceed to all Elections and other public meetings that you can possibly attend, between this and the said 25th of December; and use your utmost endeavours, to enlist such able-bodied men as are fit for his Majesty’s Service.
You are to enlist no Servants or Apprentices; nor are you to discharge any man after he is duly enlisted, upon any pretence whatsoever; neither are you invested with power to impress

Horses, &c. as has been practised hitherto without leave: In all other respects you are to govern yourself strictly by your General Instructions: and be assured, if any just complaint is made of the misbehaviour of your men, in their march to the place of Rendezvous, you will be liable to answer it before a Court Martial. Given at Alexandria &c. December 3d 1755.

G:W.


Title: Memorandum, 3–5 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[Alexandria, 3–5 December 1755]

A Copy of the above Instructions was given at the same time, to Lieutenants Bullet, Stewart, Blegg, Williams, and Brockenbrough: Ensigns Smith and Dekeyser: and on the 5th day, to Captain Christopher Gist.


Title: From George Washington to William Bronaugh, 3 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Bronaugh, William

[Alexandria, 3 December 1755]
To Captain William Bronaugh.

You are hereby ordered to proceed immediately to Winchester, with the money entrusted to your care, which is to be delivered to Mr Boyd, Paymaster; taking his Receipt for the same. If it should happen that Mr Boyd is returned to Fort Cumberland, you are to follow him to that place. After delivering this money, you are to employ your time diligently until the 25th of December, in recruiting; at which time you are to be at Winchester without fail. You are to observe the Instructions given you before; and also, that you do not pretend to enlist Servants or Apprentices, nor to discharge any man upon any pretence

whatsoever, after he is duly enlisted: neither are you to impress Horses, &c. as has hitherto been practised, without leave: and, be assured, if any just complaints are made to me of the misbehaviour of your men, in their march to the place of Rendezvous, you will be liable to answer it before a Court Martial. Given under my Hand at Alexandria, December the 3d 1755.

G:W.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Walker, 3 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Walker, Thomas

[Alexandria, 3 December 1755]
To Mr Commissary Walker.

I received yours by Lieutenant Lemon, and am sorry to find that the Carolina Beeves are so unfit for Slaughtering: of this I was informed in a late Letter from Colonel Stephen: in consequence I desired him to assist you with his advice, either to kill & salt, or feed them this winter; as Mr Dick entered into contract with Shepherd, whose all I believe, depends upon my confirming or rejecting the Bargain: I shall endeavour to avoid, as much as is in my power, taking any  advantages that may distress the poor man; or disannul any agreement Mr Dick has made: but you are nevertheless to make the best of this bad bargain—perhaps he would take the poor Cattle back to Carolina, and keep them until the Spring, for a small consideration. Provender is very scarce in this Colony; however consult Colonel Stephen and others who can advise; and do the best with them for the good of the Service. I have engaged about two hundred bushels of Salt at this place, which you are to send for as soon as possible. Whoever you have appointed Deputy at Winchester, must be very diligent in seeing this done.
I do not care to lay in Provisions for more than twelve hundred men, without particular Orders from the Governor; whom I shall consult on that head, and let you know. If you find our paper-money will not pass current in Maryland, you should be careful to employ as few of their water-men as possible; that we may sustain no loss upon that account.
You should, also, for the same reason, purchase what Flour

&c. you can, in our own Colony. As I am unacquainted with the proper methods to cure provisions, I must desire you will consult the principal Officers at the Fort; and if their opinions corroborate with yours, let some of the Beef be dried, as you propose. I must recommend diligence in the strongest terms to you (at this time particularly) much depending upon your activity, as the Season is so far advanced. I can not help telling you, I am sorry you was so long between Williamsburgh and Winchester.
I am informed, that meat will lie sometime in bulk without salt. I think you should not delay slaughtering the Beeves one moment.
I hope you have sent orders to Mr McLean already about this; if not, pray do; for the Cattle must lose flesh every hour. I am &c.

Alexandria: December 3d 1755.


Title: From George Washington to Adam Stephen, 3 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Stephen, Adam

[Alexandria, 3 December 1755]
To Lieutenant Colonel Stephen, of the Virginia Regiment.

Your Letters, by Jenkins, were sometime coming to hand; as I suppose mine will be in getting to you; he being ordered round by Fredericksburgh. The Employ you mention, in apprehending Deserters, is very laudable; nevertheless I must desire you will repair immediately to the Fort, to see that the Orders left there, and those you have since received, are punctually complied with. If you find that the Hill opposite to Fort Cumberland, upon a proper review, is capable of containing a sufficient work of defence, and that the adjoining hill has not the command of it; you may order Timber and other necessaries to be got, to erect a Fort and Barrack there.

I have ordered some falling axes to be made here, and shall provide some broad ones out of the Stores, which shall be sent up by the first Waggons. I wait here in hourly expectation of seeing a Vessel from Hampton with Sundries for the use of the Regiment. as soon as she arrives, and I have sent off the contents, I shall set out for Winchester.
I am extremely sorry to hear that the men still continue to desert; and must think, it is partly owing to mismanagement: and their escape, to inactivity of the Officers. Surely they do not pursue them with proper resolution, or they might be taken. I have not yet received the Meeting Bill; it shall be forwarded when I do. Yesterday being the time appointed to Rendezvous here, came in ten Officers, with twenty Recruits; which make up the number at this place, twenty-five—Great! As to what you desire, of going on an Embassy to the Creeks and Cherokees; I have no more right to give leave for as long an absence, than I have to commission you with proper authorities for such an undertaking: both must proceed from the Governour. If he approves, I have no objection. But, if I may offer my opinion, I can scarcely think he will; since the Colonels, Bird and Randolp, are already appointed. I have sent up a thousand pounds to Mr Boyd, for payment of the Troops: and Mr Lemon informing me the Rangers were complaining on this head; I have ordered him to send money for paying them also: Colonel Fairfax not being in the way to do it.
I would have you send as many Officers as you can spare, after acquainting them with the determination mentioned in my last, to the Election in Fredericksburgh and Hampshire, and to all other public meetings: I am deceived, if those public places will not afford men, if pains are taken. Give each a copy of the enclosed Instructions. I have thought it advisable, since my last letter to you, to employ the Officers in this Service; the Elections affording favourable opportunities to increase our numbers: to neglect which I should be loth. They must be punctual in repairing to the Rendezvous at the limited time; for then I shall endeavour to put this Service under better regulation, &c. Yours—

N.B. I wish you would take a party, and examine well the Hill at

the mouth of Patterson’s Creek: I have a great notion that is a very good place.

Alexandria: December 3d 1755.


Title: From George Washington to Alexander Boyd, 3 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Boyd, Alexander

[Alexandria, 3 December 1755]
To Mr Boyd. Pay-master to the Virginia Regiment.

You will receive from the Bearer, Captain Bronaugh, one thousand pounds, for payment of the Troops; which you are to see immediately done, agreeably to their muster-Rolls; having regard to those Instructions of the 28th October. As I understand the Rangers are complaining for want of their pay; you must send such part of this money as is sufficient to do that; and also one months’ pay to Captain Hogg’s Company, if any opportunity offers.
You are to be particularly exact and careful in these payments: seeing that there is no disagreement between the Returns,

and your Pay-Rolls; as there will be strict examination into it hereafter. I am &c.

G:W.
Alexandria: December 3, 1755.


Title: To George Washington from John McNeill, 4 December 1755
From: McNeill, John
To: Washington, George

Sir
Winchester Decr 4th 1755

By Captn Hog’s orders I came down here for Money to pay for Provisions Contracted for. I now return to Fort Dinwiddie with it, from which I hope you’ll be so good as to give orders for my being soon releas’d, that I may Join the Troop in which (I learn) you have been pleas’d to promise me an Appointment, the requesting this favour will I hope be the more readily forgiven as it proceeds from the high oppinion I have of your inclination to do Justice to those who have the honour to Serve under you and to prevent my being Subjected to the misfortune I last Campaign labour’d under wh. the Governor is pleas’d to assign as one of the principall reasons for my being superceeded. In the mean-time I beg leave to Subscribe myself. With profound Respect Sir Your Most Obet hble Servt

John McNeill


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Walker, 4 December 1755
From: Walker, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Sr
Winchester December the 4th 1755

I have ordered all the Cattle that are fit for Slaughter to Fort Cumberland in two droves have bargained for wintering some and stall feeding some. Colo. Stephen has agreed with Lord Fairfax for ten. The other weak ones I have instructed Mr Andrew Shepherd to bargain in my behalf for the Wintering. I have offered fifteen Shilling Per hundred for Pork Delivered at

Fort Cumberland and cannot Purchase any at that price here, but am in hopes of geting all that is wanted, on the South branch[,] Pattersons Creek and the north Fork at that or a little more. As the Hamshire Election is next Wednesday I intend as soon as I can to bargain with some of the South Branch People least at the Election they agree among them selves not to sell under too great a Price. The Stores here are in bad order also at Conigochieg Some of the Meat quite Spoild and more I am afraid in danger, that I shall as soon as the business at the Fort is in a good way come down to put things right here—Mr John Jones has been very Ill some time and is now like to die, which has obliged me to employ Mr Robt Rutherford to do the duty here and has occasioned Much loss of time to me. Your contracts for Cattle are paid except Vanmeters who I have not seen, and when I do shall not know whether to allow him for the fifth quarter or not as it is not mentioned in his Contract—By the advice of Colo. Stephen I have sent Capt. Hog two Hundred Pounds as Mr McNeal assured me less would not do, the Beef purchased amounting to one hundred and fifty Pounds beside Pork & Grain. The Money I had of you will soon be Expended Therefore desire you will send about one Thousand Pounds more to pay Waggonage and for Pork. Some part in Small Bills will be Necessary as change is hard to be got. I am at a loss in many things for want of your advice, but hope for the Pleasure of seeing you at leasure soon that my Difficultys may be removed. I have bought two hundred Busshells of Salt at Conigochig of Mr Ross Expecting at that time to have had part of it sent of directly up but the water fell so fast the water-men did not care to venture. I am Sir your Most Humble Servt

Thomas Walker


Title: From George Washington to Robert Dinwiddie, 5 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Dinwiddie, Robert

[Alexandria, 5 December 1755]
To the Honourable Robert Dinwiddie, Esquire; Governor.

I have sent the Bearer Captain John Mercer (who has accompts to settle with the Committee) to the Treasurer for the balance of that ten thousand pounds; and to acquaint your Honour, that meeting with Letters at Fredericksburgh, as I returned from Williamsburgh; informing me that all was peaceable above, and that nothing was so immediately wanting as Salt. I got what I could at that place, and hastened on here to engage more; to receive the Recruits that were expected in; and to wait the arrival of the Vessel with Arms, &c. from James River, in order to forward them up with the greater dispatch. The Vessel is not yet arrived.
I have impatiently expected to hear the result of your Honours Letter to General Shirley; and wish that the delays may not prove ominous. In that case, I shall not know how to act; for I can never submit to the command of Captain Dagworthy, since you have honoured me with the command of the Virginia Regiment, &c.
The Country has sustained inconceivable losses by delaying the Commissaries at Williamsburgh: Many of the Carolina Beeves are dead, through absolute poverty; and the chief part of them too poor to slaughter. We are at a loss how to act, for want of the mutiny Bill; and should be obliged to your Honour to have fifty or an hundred printed, and sent by the Bearer. There is a clause in that Bill, which if you are not kind enough to obviate, will prevent entirely the good intention of it: i.e. delaying

the execution of Sentences, until your Honour shall be made acquainted with the proceedings of the Court.
This, at times when there is the greatest occasion for Expamples, will be morally impossible (I mean while we are on our march; perhaps near the Ohio) when none but strong parties can pass with safety: at all times it must be attended with great expence, trouble and inconveniency. This I represented to Colonel Corbin and some other Gentlemen of the Council, when I was down; who said that that objection to the Bill would be removed, by your Honours’ giving Blank Warrants, to be filled up as occasion should require. This would effectually remedy all those Evils, and put things in their proper channel.
We suffer greatly for want of Kettles: those sent from below being Tin, are of small duration. We shall also, in a little time, suffer as much for want of Clothing; none can be got in these parts: those which Major Carlyle and Dalton contracted to furnish, we are disappointed off. Shoes and Stockings we have, and can get more if wanted, but nothing else. I should be glad your Honor would direct what is to be done in these cases; and that you would be kind enough to desire the Treasurer to send some part of the money in gold and silver: were this done, we might often get necessaries for the Regiment in Maryland or Pennsylvania, when they can not be had here. But with our money it is impossible; our paper not passing there.
The recruiting Service goes on extremely slow. Yesterday being a day appointed for Rendezvousing at this place, there came in ten Officers with twenty men only. If I had any other than paper money, and you approved of it; I would send to Pennsylvania and the Borders of Carolina: I am confident, men might be had there. Your Honor never having given any particular Directions about the Provisions; I should be glad to know, whether you would have more laid in than what will serve for twelve hundred men; that I may give Orders accordingly.
As I can not now conceive, that any great danger can be apprehended at Fort Cumberland this Winter; I am sensible, that my constant attendance there, can not be so serviceable as riding from place to place, making the proper Dispositions, and seeing that all our necessaries are forwarded up with dispatch. I therefore think it advisable to inform your Honour of it, hoping that it will correspond with your own opinion.

I forgot to mention when I was down, that Mr Livingston, the Fort—Major, was appointed adjutant to our Regiment: I knew of none else whose long servitude in a military way, had qualified better for the Office; he was appointed the 17th of September.
Captain Mercer’s pay, as aid de camp, seems yet doubtful; I should be glad if your Honour would fix it: so is Captain Stewarts: If Captain Stewarts is encreased, I suppose all the Officers belonging to the Light Horse will expect to have theirs augmented also. Colonel Stephens, in a late letter, discovered an inclination to go to the Creek and Cherokee Indians this Winter. I told him where to apply, if he had any such thoughts. I believe, on so useful a Business, he might be spared until the Spring. If your Honor think proper to Order the Act of Assembly for apprehending Deserters, and against harbouring them, to be published every Sunday in each parish Church, until the people were made acquainted with the Law, it would have a very good effect. The Commonalty in general, err more through ignorance than design: few of them are acquainted that such a Law exists: and there is no other certain way of bringing it to their knowledge. There are a great many of the men that did once belong to our Companies, deserted from the Regiments into which they were draughted, that would now gladly return, if they could be sure of indemnity. If your Honor would be kind enough to intimate this to General Shirley, or the Colonels of those Regiments, it would be of service to us: without leave we dare not receive them. &c.

G:W.
Alexandria: December 5th 1755


Title: From George Washington to George Fraser, 5 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Fraser, George

[Alexandria, 5 December 1755]
To Lieutenant George Frazier, at Fredericksburgh.

As a quantity of Salt is wanted at Fort Cumberland for curing the provisions, you must endeavour to purchase it upon the best terms you can; and I shall fulfil any contract you may enter into. What I have engaged here has been at 2s. per bushel. You may procure six or eight hundred bushels at that rate, and see

that they are forwarded to Winchester as expeditiously as possible: in order to do this, you must hire and impress Waggons: those Horses which were sent round from Williamsburgh, are also to go up; and a Military Chest which Mr Allen made for me, is to receive the first conveyance. You are to remain in Fredericksburgh and Falmouth, seeing these things done, until further Orders.
All the Recruits which now are, and shall arrive at Fredericksburgh, between this and the 25th Instant, must immediately proceed to the Rendezvous at Winchester.
N:B. Enquire of Mr Dick and other Merchants, whether Commissary Walker has engaged Salt of them: if he has, you have then only to forward it up.
Alexandria: December 5th 1755.


Title: To George Washington from Robert Stewart, 5 December 1755
From: Stewart, Robert
To: Washington, George

Sir
Winchester 5th Decem. 1755

I sent to the Fort for a Return of the Troop, and was informd that it was included in the General Return, which was regularly Transmitted You; however if you choose to have a seperate Return of the Troop including the small Detachmt at the Grass Guard, You’ll Please singifie it by Mr Boyd’s return hither, and I shall be particularly carefull in having it done exactly to your Orders.
As Colo. Stephens has been here ever since my arrival, and has no doubt fully advis’d you of the occurrences in these Quarters I will not Trouble you with a Detail of them.
The Backwardness of the Populace, and a prevalent Spirit of opposition, to the Service in some of whom better might be expected, has render’d my utmost Efforts to compleat the Troop in a great measure ineffectual; with all my Industry, and all the address & vigilence Hughs is master off, have only been able to procure five Recruits in near two weeks; this has determin’d me

(with consent & advice of the Lieut. Colo.) to send Hughs with a Drum into the Back Counties of Penselvania & Mariland with Letters to some Gentn with whose assistance I make no doubt of his meeting with Success.
I expect Sr William Bickly here in ten Days, with some Recruts for me; I hope by the time limited for Hughs’s return (vizt a month from this Date) is elaps’d, I shall be compleated at least to my Establishment; notwithstanding the Troop’s suffering so much by Desertion, and should be vastly glad timious Orders were given for our Arms & Accutremts as having them sometime before taking the Feild, would greatly facilitate the Training of the Men & Horses, which you know is absolutely essential to their being Serviceable. I am with Respect Your Mo. Obt hble Servt

Robert Stewart


Title: From George Washington to Anthony Bacon, 6 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Bacon, Anthony

[6 December 1755]
To Mr Anthony Bacon—Merchant LondonSir

I have answerd the Contents of your acct to Mr Carlyle, who told me he had lodgd money in your ha⟨nds⟩ to discharge it.
Mr Richard Washington has orders to call upon you for the small ball[anc]e in my favr £6.18s.1d. as per yr acct which please to pay & oblige Yr most Hble Servt

Decr 6th 1755.


Title: From George Washington to Richard Washington, 6 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Washington, Richard

Decr 6th 1755
To Mr Richd Washington at Loyds Coffee House London—Sir

Inclosd is a Bill of Laden for 3 hhds Tobo Shipd on board the  Captn Merrie for London, which I beg the favour of you to make the most off in the Sale.
I ought first Sir, to have apologizd for the abrupt manner in which I begin this corrispondance; but I hope to obtain an excuse when I say, I was induced to this by the good opinion I have conceivd of your merit—from the reports of Colo. Fairfax and other’s; who are happier than I, in being of yr acquaintance.
If you approve of my beginning, I shall have it in my power to Ship a larger quantity of Tobo, and shall consign them to you. These 3 were put on board only to oblige Merrie (who labourd under some difficulty in getting a Load).
I have a Balle of £6.18s.1d. in the hands of Mr Anthony Bacon: please to call upon him for it: He is advisd thereof. Inclosd is an Invoice of Sundrys which I entreat you to buy, and send me by the first ship in the Spring, either to the head of Potomack, or Rappahannock. The cost of these things will amt to more than the Tobo &ca ther⟨efor⟩e I shall take the earliest oppertunity of remitting you a Bill of Exchange. I have left many of the Articles with blank prices, leaving it discretionary in you to fix them; with this only desire, that you will choose agreeable to the present taste, and send things good of their

kind. The Livery Suits must be made by Measures taken of Men, as near their size as you can judge. I should be glad to cultivate the most intimate Corrispondance with you, not only for names-sake, but as a friend, and shall endeavour in all things to approve myself worthy yr regard. I am Sir Yr most Obt Hbe Servt


Title: Enclosure: Invoice, 6 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[6 December 1755]

Invoice of Sundry Goods to be Shipd for the use of Geo: Washington at Mount Vernon. Potomack River Virginia—

         ✻2
         Compleat Livery Suits for Servants. The Cloath @ 10/ pr Yard—Spare Cloath, and all other necessary trimmi⟨ng⟩s for two Suits more.

         1
         Sett horse Fur⟨n⟩iture, with livery Lace, and the Washington Crest on the housing &ca. The Cloath to be of the same colour & price of the clothes

         1
         piece of Irish Linnen
         @ 7/ pr yd

         1
         piece of Suitable Cambrick for Ruffles—or any otherRuffles that are more fashion⟨able⟩ and not very expensive—also 1 othr ps Irh Linn
         @ 5/

         2
         pair Men’s Silk Stockings—mixd Colour’s

         4
         pr Cotton Do
         @ 12/6 a pr

         4
         pr thread Do
         6/ Do

         3
         Gold & Scarlet Sword knots

         3
         Silver & blew Do

         1
         Blands Military Discipline

         1
         Fashiona⟨ble gold⟩ Lacd Hatt.

✻The Servants that these Liverys are intended for, are 5 feet 9 Ins. and 5f. 4 In. high and proportionably made. I wou’d have you choose the livery by our Arms; only, as the Field of the Arms is white. I think the Cloaths had better not be quite so. but nearly likely the inclosd. The Trimmings and Facings of Scarlet, and a Scarlet Waistcoat the cloath of wch to be 12/6 pr yd. If Livery Lace is not quite disus’d, I shoud be glad to have these Cloaths Laced. I like that fashion best. and two Silver lac’d Hats for the above Ly.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Stewart, 8 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Stewart, Robert

[Alexandria, 8 December 1755]
To Captain Robert Stewart, at Winchester.

You are hereby required to take charge of the Recruits sent to Winchester by Captain Gist, whose Son you must order to proceed immediately and join his Father.
Captain Gist this day received one hundred pounds to recruit with; and the same Orders that were given to the other Officers on the 3d instant. &c.

G:W.
Alexandria: December 8th 1755.


Title: To George Washington from Adam Stephen, 9 December 1755
From: Stephen, Adam
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Fort Cumberland [Md.] Decr 9th 1755

Inclosed are the Returns of the State of the Regiment, and Beeves killed and on hand. I think it would be adviseable the Govrs of N. Carolina, and Maryland should be acquainted with the Resolution of our Government, concerning the Provisions necessary for their Companies. You only desired me to acquaint them, that they were not to be Supply’d out of our Stock, Please to give me peremptor Orders to prevent it, and then Capt. Dagworthy will I suppose give them orders to be Supplyd from what they Call the Kings, though did he give that Order, I believe I should desire Mr McLean to Serve all with Kings Stores untill they were Exausted. The province we belong to Supply’d the Regiments with the greater Share of what was Used by them, when on this Quarter, and from that, I imagine we are as much intituled to a share of Fish and Butter as any Troops of another Province; In the mean time, I want this affair managed with address, and let the Orders Come from the proper Source, that if their is any Odium in the Case, it may fall on the right place, and the Officers be clear of it, Otherwise they are jealous enough, to think it proceeds from Us, being picqud at their having the Command.
In short, I am Anxious untill this affair is Settled, and am Big with Jealousy, as well on our Own Acct as of a Generous and Active Province, which I imagine to be Concerned in the Decision. I talked by the by, of Sending a large Detachmt over the Mountains, and am Told Capt. Dagworthy should Say—No men should leave this place without his Orders[.] I intend to

put things to a Tryal Shortly, because I think I might relieve all the Militia on the S. Branch with Soldiers from Your Regiment, had I your Orders without being obligd to acquaint any person at this place.
I believe there are goers between, who endeavour to Sow the Seeds of Dissention, but all is harmony, and A[mia]bility hitherto.
There is a drunken impertinent fellow Defever, come down to Winchester, Conductor of the Train, Who has the Care of the Kings Stores here, and I think is negligent—I wish you would order him to be taken up as a Deserter, to scare the fellow; and reprimand him for coming down. All the gentlemen here would receive a great pleasure from Seeing you at Fort Cumberland, as would Sir Your most Obt hube Svt

Adam Stephen


Title: Memorandum, 10 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

Alexandria December 10th 1755.

A Sergeant and twelve men, to be in readiness to escort a waggon up to Winchester tomorrow.


Title: To George Washington from Robert Dinwiddie, 14 December 1755
From: Dinwiddie, Robert
To: Washington, George

Sir
Williamsburg Decr 14th 1755

Your Letter by Capt. Mercer I receiv’d. I hope the Treasurer will send You the Money to make up 10,000 which I have desired him. If You find it for the good of the Service to remain below I have no Objection to it; but I hope the Men are duly exercised & taught the Indian Method of fighting, that they may be prepard for Action in the Spring. I am surpriz’d the Vessell with Arms &ca is not arrived, if she had gone for Fredericksburg she woud have been there Weeks ago.
The Express is returnd from N. York, but the General was not come to that City; but Colo. Hunter, who is now there, & soon expected here, has Orders to bring answer to my Letters, & hope they will be satisfactory; but I am of Opinion You might have obviated the inconsistent Dispute with Capt. Dagworthy, by asking him if he did not Command by virtue of Governor Sharpe’s Commission as that he had formerly from His Majesty now ceases, as he is not on the Half-Pay List; if so, the Method You are to take is very obvious, as Your Commission from me is greater than what he has.
I expected You woud have appointed a Commissary pro tempore to prevent any Inconveniencies from the Delay of the former at Williamsburg. The Printer has been so engag’d in printing Bills for Money, he has not been able to print off the Acts; but I shall soon send You a number of the Mutiny Bills, & shall consult with the Attoy Genl in regard to granting blank Warrants for trying of Delinquents.

I hope by this You have more Camp Kettles &ca from N. York, which were forwarded from Hampton ten Days ago. I cannot say what can be done for Cloathing, am Sorry Messrs Carlyle & Dalton disappointed You, & I expected You woud have sent me a particular Acct of the Cloathing You had belonging to me from Majr Carlyle & at Winchester. The Treasurer complains for want of Gold & Silver, & I thot our Paper woud have passd in the neighbouring Provinces as they bear Interest. You cannot expect Success in recruiting in Pensylvania as that Province has voted 60000 for raising Forces &ca & Carolina are raising three Companies that I was in hopes of Success in our own Colony.
As to the Quantity of Provisions You are to lay in must be left to Your Care what You can, & endeavour to send the rest of the Beeves to grazing for the Winter, to be ready in the Spring to fatten. As You have appointed Mr Livingston to be Adjutant, I agree to it, tho’ there is one Mr Gordon, Brother to Capt. Gordon that commanded the Station Ship here, strongly recommended to me & was in Flanders all the last War: him I thought of for Adjutant; but he must remain till something falls.
As before, its the first Colo. of a Regiment that ever had an Aid de Camp, but as You have appointed him, five Shillings ⅌ Day is sufficient. Capt. Stewart of the Light Horse fifteen Shillings ⅌ Day; but I see no Necessity to augment the Pay of the others, as I observe there are more Officers to be had than Men in proportion. Capt. Carter Harrison, by perswasion of his Friends & to serve his Brother, who was with Genl Braddock, resignd his Commission in his Favo. he has my Approbation, & the Brother is to wait on You with the Brother’s Commission, & to have Your Consent to the Change. I fancy he will make as good if not a better Officer than the other; the Date of the new Commission I leave to You.
The Cherokees have taken up the Hatchet against the French & Shawnesse, & have sent 130 of their Warriors to New River, & propose to march immediately to attack & cut off the Shawnesse, in their Towns. I design they shall be joind with three Companies of Rangers & Capt. Hoggs Company, & I propose Colo. Stephens or Majr Lewis to be the Commander of the Party on this Expedition: I therefore desire You will order one of these Gentlemen to proceed immediately to join those Forces, &

take the Command upon them by Derections from me. I am extremely hurried in sending Ammunitn &ca up to them, & if we have Success in this Attempt it will probably reclaim some of our friendly Indians that have joind the French, & keep others of them in Awe: but be sure send away one of those Officers immediately, that there may be no Delay, & to encourage the Indians, who they say, are very fond of this Attempt.
Colo. Peter Randolph & Colo. Byrd are going Commissioners to the Catawbas & Cherokees, with a handsom Present to confirm them to our Interest & to prevail with them to send a Number of their Warriors to our Assistance in the Spring, & I hope they will succeed.
You may believe I am very much hurried. I wish You Health & am Sir Your Friend & hble Servant

Robt Dinwiddie

P.S. Communicate the Contents of this Letter to my Friend Colo. Fairfax, for I cannot write him now.

P.S. Capt. Hogg sent a Messenger here for Money to pay for Provisions for his Co[mpan]y the Quantity he mention’d I think was sufficient for twenty Months, & charg’d 10£ for a Trough to salt the Meat in, besides the Barrells. I hope You will look into the Acct as I orderd him to apply to You or the Commissary for Money—It’s proper all Accts shoud be examind & Calculations made on each Supply.
I send You twenty of the Acts against Mutiny &ca.


Title: From George Washington to John Savage and Robert McKenzie, 16 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To: McKenzie, Robert,Savage, John

[Alexandria, 16 December 1755]
To Captains’ Savage and McKenzie.

You are ordered to remain here with your Recruits until further Orders. So soon as you arrive here, your men will be supplied with Clothes by applying to Major Carlyle. If any of your

men should desert, you are to use your utmost diligence in pursuing and apprehending them, by immediately advertising, and sending a party or parties after them.

Alexandria: December 16, 1755.


Title: From George Washington to Mordecai Buckner, 16 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Buckner, Mordecai

[Alexandria, 16 December 1755]
To Ensign Buckner. Quarter Master of the Virginia Regiment.

The Recruits now in this town are to remain here until the arrival of the vessel with the Stores, &c. and to be under the same directions as before ordered. So soon as the Stores arrive, you are, with all possible dispatch, to procure a sufficient number of Waggons to carry them to Winchester; whither they are to be sent, under the escort of the Soldiers now here: except the Suits of Clothes; Shoes, Stockings, Shirts, &c. proportionably, which are to be left with Colonel Carlyle.
You are to be very careful of all the Things delivered into the Waggons, and see that a strict Guard is kept over them, that no embezzlement is made. If your men can not be conveniently Quartered on their march up; there will be a number of Tents among the Stores, which must be made use of. If any of the Soldiers should desert from this place, it would be proper to send a Sergeant, and one or two trusty men, in pursuit of them. Given at Alexandria &c.

December 16th 1755.


Title: From George Washington to James Craik, 16 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Craik, James

[Alexandria, 16 December 1755]
To Doctor James Craik, of the Virginia Regiment.

So soon as the Vessel with the Stores and medicines arrives, you are to embrace the first opportunity that offers, of conveying

up your Chest, and proceeding, yourself, to Winchester. You are to provide yourself here, with what you think will be wanting for the Hospital, and bring them up with you; taking care to purchase no more than is absolutely necessary, for the support and relief of the Regiment. Given at Alexandria &c.

December 16th 1755.


Title: George Mercer to John Fenton Mercer, 16 December 1755
From: Mercer, George
To: Mercer, John Fenton

[Alexandria, 16 December 1755]
To Captain John Mercer. of the Virginia Regiment.

You are immediately, upon receipt hereof, to repair to Winchester, where you will meet with Colonel Washington, and receive further orders.
I am &c.

G:M. aid de camp.

Alexandria: December 16th 1755.
N:B. A Copy left at Alexandria, and another sent to Stafford, to him there.


Title: To George Washington from John Robinson, 16 December 1755
From: Robinson, John
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Decr 16. 1755

I recd your favour by Mr Mercer and am very sorry I could not dispatch him sooner, but it was impossible, and at last have not been able to send the whole ballance having got ready for him only Four Thousand Pounds ten shillings which I hope will be sufficient to answer all your present Occasions and the Ballance you may have whenever you please to order it. I[t] gives me great Concern to find you meet with so many obstacles in the discharge of your Duty in the Service of your Country, which I know you have much at heart, it astonishes me to hear that a petty Officer should pretend to command the Forces

raised by this Colony and in a Fort erected at our Expence and that our Govr should suffer us to be made such dupes of, but I hope his Majesty will soon do Justice to your Merit and releive you from the disagreable situation you are now in, and that you may be at liberty to act for the good [of] your Country to which I am sure your inclination strongly leads you, I am with real truth Dr Sir Your Affect. Friend

John Robinson


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Walker, 17 December 1755
From: Walker, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Sr
Fort Cumberland [Md.] December the 17 1755

I have done the best in my power with the Carolina Cattle, Having killed ten of the best that was brought up and finding them unfit for use drove the others up to Daniel Cresaps Plantation which is the best chance we have of keeping them alive—As I could not engage the wintering of them below through the scarcity of Fodder. Some are left below & some on the south Branch to winter. Some are sold and some to be stall fed many are dead & missing as it was impossible to keep them from eating Ivey when drove through the Barren hills that abound with that Shrub. Mr Shepherd will shew you a State of his account on which I have wrote to prevent changing the weight of the Beef is Right according to Mr Dicks Tryal. The Ballance due to Shepherd is 427–7–9 I docked him of nine days keeping of the Cattle in consideration that he was to have only a proper proportion for driving to Fort Cumberland & my having taken some off his hands at the south Branch which will be some cost to lodge at proper Stations. Yours of the 3d Inst. I received here when it was too late to propose driveing back to Carolina as Provinder could not be had on the Road to keep them alive. I have ordered Mr Rutherford to forward the Salt with all possible Dispatch. I shall spare no pains to do every thing in my power for the good of the Service, & am Sensible Much depends on me but could I have the pleasure of your assistance a few days, I make no doubt things would soon be in a fair way here. Your tender repremand I must agree there was room for as I was detained five days longer than was Expected when I parted with you by bad weather & other accidents but am in hopes it will not be attended with any great Inconvenience. The weather is extreamly cold that our Beef cannot take hurt at present I am Sr Your Most Hble Servt

Thos Walker


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Walker, 17 December 1755
From: Walker, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Sr
Fort Cumberland [Md.]10ber [December] the 17 1755

If you will lodge one Hundred pounds in the Hands of Mr Robert Rutherford to Pay for such Necessarys as may be wanted for the Servis I will be accountable for it. If Mr Rutherford wants any direction beg you will give such as you think proper & oblige your Most Humble Servant

Thomas Walker


Title: Orders, 20 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

Albemarle.
Winchester: December 20th 1755.

A Return to be given in immediately of the Recruits now in this town, by the several Officers who enlisted them; mentioning their height, age, trade, &c. The Officers to see that the Sergeants who understand the manual Exercise, do drill the Recruits, at least twice a-day.


Title: To George Washington from Adam Stephen, 21 December 1755
From: Stephen, Adam
To: Washington, George

Sir,
⟨Ft⟩ Cumberland [Md.] ⟨De⟩cr 21st 1755

I suppose Majr Lewis informed You that the Valley at the mouth of Pattersons Creek did not extend above 800 yards from hill to hill. I went up to Ashby’s and Saw Mr Boyd pay the men—He sold us some Liquor for our Detachmt as the weather was Cold, and we found that three months pay was due to some of his Men whilst others were paid off to the 4th inst.
I really do not like the mouth of the Creek for our purpose, nor any place in that neighbourhood on the Virginia Side. I imagine you have receivd no Answer from Genl Shirley, because the last advices from him informd he was wt. Johnson at Lake George. Capt. Peachy is dangerously ill, and Several of the

men are in a Bad Way. We lose more Trips and feet for want of Kettles than would pay for them twice over. I am wt. Respect Sir you most Obt huble Servt

Adam Stephen


Title: Orders, 22 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

Boston—
Winchester: December 22d 1755.

A Return is to be made every morning to Colonel Washington of the number of men in this town—and all contingences.
During his stay here, no provision is to be delivered out, but by a written order from him or the aid de camp. The Commissary is to send up the Cask of Tools by the first waggon that goes to the Fort. The following men being judged unfit for Duty, on Review; are ordered to be discharged: vizt
Francis Harlowin. Enlisted by Ensign Fleming

                  William Cross—
                  ditto do

                  William Passwater
                  ditto do

                 Patrick Connelly
                 Lieutenant Brokenbrough.

                  Henry Banks
                  Captain McKenzie.

                  John Hanks, an old Soldier.

The Commissary is to allow each of them eight days provision to carry them home.
All the Recruits now in town, who have not received Clothes and arms; are to have them delivered to them to-day. The Officers and Commissary to be very exact; and see that none of them receive them twice. The Commissary to see that the Store-Houses are immediately repaired and secured: he is also to give in a return of the Arms which have been delivered to George Wright to repair.


Title: George Mercer to Thomas Walker, 22 December 1755
From: Mercer, George
To: Walker, Thomas

To the Commissary.
[Winchester, 22 December 1755]

Deliver Captain Bells and Ensign Thompsons Recruits, four days provision; being in all, eighteen men.

G:M. Aid de camp.

Deliver John Beard, five days, and John Campbell, of Captain Gist’s Company, four days provision. Deliver Francis Madden four days d[itt]o.

G:M.


Title: George Mercer to Thomas Walker, 23 December 1755
From: Mercer, George
To: Walker, Thomas

To the Commissary
[Winchester, 23 December 1755]

Deliver Sergeant Campbell and his Party (eleven in number) three days provision.

G:M
December 23d


Title: To George Washington from Adam Stephen, 23 December 1755
From: Stephen, Adam
To: Washington, George

Dr Sir
Fort Cumberland [Md.] Decr 23d 1755

Such a Spirit of Revenge and Indignation prevaild here, upon hearing you were insulted at the Fairfax Election, that we all were ready and violent to run and tear Your Enemies to pieces. As I imagine my self interested in all that Concerns you, I cannot forbear telling you that it would have been far better to have acquainted me with your Intention of Standing Candidate for Frederick, my acquaintance there is very general, and I would have touchd on the tender part, So gently that with a Weeks Notice, I am perfectly Sure you would have gone Unanimously, in the mean time I think your Poll was not despicable, as the people were a Stranger ⟨to⟩ your purpose, Untill the Election began.
It is certain there was no declaration of War Octr 10th tho’ this is Second hand News to You. The Blood & Burnings of the Back inhabitants has Effectually rous’d the Pennsylvanians.
The Commissioners for disposing of the £60,000 and transacting Military affairs, Sit every day sunday not excepted, to Expedite measures for their defence. I was mistaken in my last when I mentioned general Shirley at Lake George, it was at Albany.
A proposal is on the Carpet, but kept very Secret, that The Jersey & Pennsylvania Troops join ours, and make an Attempt on the Ohio very Early in the Spring.
No accounts from Genl Johnson latly, the Boston people complain of his Inactivity; as he on the Spot was not the best Judge of what might be done.
By the last Accounts, it was reported in London that the French G[overnmen]t had made New Overtures of an Accommodation, promising to Relinquish all their Incroachments on the Ohio & Elsewhere, but that our Ministry insisted further that the Marine of both Nations remain on their present footing, without any Augmentation, and that the French should deliver into their Custody, a Certain Number of their Capital Ships as a Security, for their performance of Conventions: But

it Seems the French Ambassador to this pleaded non Sum Informatus.
They divide the French Neutrals in the most convenient manner they Can among the Townships to the northward.
I am well pleasd with the Notion of Hostages—to Judge of their Behaviour from their perfidious Conduct with respect to the Neutral Islands; we have all the Reason in the World to believe we would be Cut to pieces when we went to take possession of F. Du Quesne or then perhaps be oblig’d to Return with our fingers in our Cheeks for This they Could easily blame the Indians!
Mr Polson has got a Commission in one of the Regiments My Brother lies Sick at New-York and is uncertain whether he is provided for, or Not, It would be a great addition to former favours to keep Mr Polson’s Commission Vacant, untill I hear further from him.
Mr Calder has bought Ensign Dagworthy’s Commission at £200 St. and Dagworthy has bought Lt Morgans at £300 St. 10 Officers were sent over for the Regiments from home.
It is certain Gel Shirley has orders to Raise two New Regiments. I should be glad to know if any Troops &ca were expected in Virginia from England, and the Authority. I am with due Respects, Sir, Your most obt huble Servt

Adam Stephen

I wish you the Complimts of the Season!
Last night Mr Campbell Returnd from Recruiting on the Branch—without the least Success, and informs me ten of Ashbys men went off Bodily, and told him of it before. As I have reason to believe it is a Scheme to go home & keep the Holly-days—I have sent Majr Livingston to Examine into the affair[.] Capt. Ashby asked Leave for a good many of them; and for himself, when I was there.


Title: George Mercer’s Orders, 25 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

Essex.
Winchester December 25th 1755.

It is Colonel Washington’s Orders, that Ensigns Polson and Thompson, Corporals McDonald and Broughton, do immediately go in pursuit of Sergeant Campbell and two men who deserted last night; and use all possible means to apprehend and bring them back. As an encouragement for apprehending them, the Colonel promises a reward of twenty-shillings for each of them, to the two Corporals.

G:M. Aid de camp

N:B. That two of the above Deserters were brought in by John Rins; and a certificate given him, to entitle him to the reward by Law, for apprehending, and securing Deserters.

G:W.

After Orders.
It is Colonel Washingtons Orders, that all the Recruits now in this town, except those belonging to the Troop of Light Horse, be under the command of Captain Bell; and that Ensign Thompson act as his Subaltern, until further Orders. The commanding Officers of Companies to give in an exact return to the Commissary to-morrow morning, at 9 O’Clock, of their men, signed by themselves.

The Recruits, belonging to the Troop of Light Horse, to be in Town to-morrow morning, by nine o’clock, and to be drawn up with those under the command of Captain Bell, and have the Articles of War read to them. The Commissary is to deliver out, at ten o’clock to-morrow, three days provision to all the Recruits, agreeable to the returns which he shall receive, signed by the Officers.
As two of the Deserters, mentioned in the morning Orders, are brought in by some country people; those Orders are countermanded.
Any Soldier who shall desert, though he return again, shall be hanged without mercy.
No Soldier, upon any pretence whatsoever, is to go more than a mile, (without leave) from the Town. Any Soldier taken, beyond that distance, will be treated as a Deserter. All orders relating to the men, are constantly to be read to them by an Officer of the Company. The Roll of each Company to be called by a commissioned Officer, morning, noon and night; and a Return of the absent or disorderly to be given in to the commanding Officer of the Regiment.

N:B. The other Deserter was apprehended and brought in by Thomas Waters, a Planter; and a certificate given to entitle him to the Reward.


Title: George Mercer to Thomas Walker, 25 December 1755
From: Mercer, George
To: Walker, Thomas

To the Commissary
[Winchester, 25 December 1755]

It is Colonel Washingtons Orders, that you provide the Sick with all necessaries the Surgeons shall apply to you for; of which you are to make a charge.


Title: Orders, 26 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

Farnham.
Winchester, December 26th 1755.

It is Colonel Washingtons Orders, that the Recruiting Officers who arrived in town yesterday do give in a Return immediately of the number of men they have recruited since the 4th instant. They are to be drawn up to-morrow at ten o’clock to be reviewed, and have the Articles of War read to them. A Court of Enquiry to sit immediately to examine whether William Mitcalfe, recruited by Ensign Smith, is duly enlisted. Major Lewis, President. Each Officer to give in a Return of the number of Recruits he brought to town, to the Commissary, who is to deliver to them three days provision. The Commissary to engage a Smith immediately to make six pair of hand-cuffs.
Robert Eldridge, who was confined for insulting Ensign Thompson, is ordered to be released; having made suitable acknowledgments, and received a proper Reprimand for his misbehaviour.


Title: Court of Inquiry, 26 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 26 December 1755]

A Court of Enquiry held upon William Mitcalfe whereof were Members viz.
Major Lewis, President
Captain Stewart, Captain Bronaugh,
Captain Lewis, Captain Bell,
Lieutenant Bullett, Ensigns Thompson and Polson.
It was the Judgment of the Court, that the said Mitcalfe was regularly enlisted and attested; and was sober when he received the money.


Title: After Orders, 26 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 26 December 1755]

After Orders.
The Deserters now confined in the Guard-House, are to be immediately handcuffed; and to be supported with bread and water only.


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Walker, 26 December 1755
From: Walker, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fort Cumberland [Md.] December the 26 1755

I have got most of the Cattle slaughtered except those that were under the care of Shepherd & Perry, and to my great satisfaction assure you those we now kill are better than they were in august, Occasioned by the Corn remai[ni]ng in the Fields of the poor unhappy Familys that are Slaughtered or captivated by our Savage enemys. Most of Shepherds & Perrys I am in hopes to keep alive at a small expense & by Herding them in proper Woods they may be fit to eat in June. I dayly expect Pork & am just out of Cash and as I have promised the People ready Money, they will think themselves ill used if they are not paid on the delivery of their Hoggs, that if you can conveniently send Six or Seven Hundred Pounds and lodge the sum mentioned in my last with Mr Robt Rutherford or more if you think necessary it will save me the trouble of Rideing down and also put it in my power to comply with my promis’s to the Persons with whom I have bargained for Pork. I should be glad to know as soon as is consistant with Your convenience what Provisions You would have provided at Ashby’s & Cox’s Forts also what I am to provide for the Expedition such as Tools, Pack Sadles, Bells, Horse Shoes, Nails &c. I am with the Complements of the Season your most Hble Servt

Thomas Walker


Title: Memorandum, 27 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

Guilford.
Winchester, December 27th 1755

William Crawford received his Commission as Ensign in the Company of Scouts commanded by Captain Christopher Gist; who had money delivered him to Recruit with; the General Instructions, and the same private Instructions that were given the Officers at Alexandria the third instant (only the opportunities of Elections were omitted) and was ordered to Rendezvous here the fourteenth of February next.


Title: From George Washington to Peter Hog, 27 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Hog, Peter

[Winchester, 27 December 1755]
To Captain Peter Hogg of the Virginia Regiment.

I wrote you fully the 28th ultimo; since when I have only received two returns; one of the twenty-sixth, the other of the twenty-ninth of November; by which I find you still want men to complete your Company. The present allowance for Recruiting is two Pistoles per man, and eight-pence per day subsistance from the time of their attestation, until they are received at Quarters; and no men are allowed for, but those who shall be actually reviewed and passed.
Lieutenant McNeil received two hundred pounds from the Commissary to pay for your Provisions &c. which I expect will be very punctually accounted for. As to your mens complaints about the stoppages &c. they are groundless and unnecessary; it is the custom of the army; and what the Soldiers here submit to with chearfulness.
I think it will be advisable to detain both Mulatto’s and Negroes in your Company; and employ them as Pioneers or Hatchet-men.
You will receive by this conveyance the late Act of Assembly against Mutiny and Desertion; and you are to have the Deserters punished accordingly.
Major Lewis, who is ordered there to take upon him the command of three Companies of Rangers, which are to be joined by your Company and the Cherokee Indians, for certain purposes; will give you his advice and assistance in this affair.
I never received any Letter even mentioning of John Johnston, but that of the 29th of November, speaking of him among other Deserters.
By Major Lewis you will receive an hundred and fifty-seven pounds, thirteen and three pence, pay for your company for the months of December and January. And he will also settle with them and pay off their arrears. The money that he brings will be more than sufficient for two months pay; so that you are to keep regular pay-rolls, and transmit to me or the pay-master, regular accompts of your disbursements, signed by your self and Officers, and Receipts from each noncommissioned Officer and Soldier for their months pay. Another receipt you are always

to keep yourself, regularly entered into a Book for that purpose.
You must also transmit to the Commissary an accompt of money expended for Provisions, &c. signed as above. These Directions I received from below. The Governor complains of your laying in provisions for twenty months, instead of the twelve, which I ordered; and takes notice of an extraordinary charge of ten pounds, for a Trough, which amazes me: the like sure never was heard of.
If the Carpenters are kept closely to their work, you may allow them one shilling per day besides their Soldiers pay; but you are to be cautious how they are employed; and not throw away the Countrys money idly: neither are they to receive extraordinary pay for any work, which shall be deemed Soldiers duty. As to Smiths work, you can not have a great deal to do; therefore agree upon the most reasonable terms. If you have not got the Tools from Fredericksburgh, you must try to get them made in Augusta; or purchase from the country people if they are to be had.
You will let Ensign Fleming know that Captain Bell will be with him in a few days to settle his accompt for Recruiting; when that is done, he will receive the arrears of his pay.
I am sorry to find Mr Chew still dissatisfied for his Servant; and did not expect such Behaviour from an Officer. I hope therefore you will make him immediate restitution, or expect to answer it in a more disagreeable way. I am &c.

G:W.

Winchester, December 27th 1755.
P.S. I have sent you General Recruiting Instructions which you are to observe, when you want men to complete your company.


Title: From George Washington to Adam Stephen, 28 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Stephen, Adam

Sir
Winchester Decr 28th 1755

Captn John Mercer only returnd last night from Williamsburg and brings no satisfactory answers to any thing I questiond the Governor upon. The express that was sent to Genl Shirley is returnd, without seeing him: however the Governor writes that he expects answers to his Letters by Colo. Hunter, who is now at New York and waits the arrival of the Genl at that place. The Governor is very strongly of opinion that Captn Dagworthy has no right to contend the Command; and in his Letter to me says—after mentioning the return of the express and his expectancy of satisfactory Letters—“but I am of opinion you might have obviated the inconsistent dispute with Captn Dagworthy, by asking him if he did not command a Provinl Compay by virtue of Govr Sharpes Comn as that he had formerly from his Majesty now ceases as he is not on the half Pay list. If so, the method you are to take is very obvious, as your Comission from me is greater than what he has” and in Williamsburg when I was down there, both he and Colo. Fitzhugh told me, that Dagworthy could have no more pretensions to Command me or either of the Field Officers of the Virga Regt than we have to comd Genl Shirley—and further gave it as their opinion’s; that as Dagworthy’s was only a botchd up Comn at best and as he commanded a provencial Company and by virtue of a Governor’s Comn that he ought to be arrested for his presumption—they say—allowg his Comn from the King to be valid; yet as he is not there by order of his Majesty, that he can have no better pretension’s than a visiting half pay Officer who transiently passes thrô the Camp to assume the Comd—I wish you woud sound him on this hd; and hear how he will answer these things and let me know when you come down which I desire may be immediately as I wan’t much to consult you

upon several accounts. The Paymaster, and Commissary if he is not very much engagd must accompany you[.] Desire both to have their accts settled and brought with them as that is necessary before I can give more money. Also desire all the Officer’s who have receivd money for Recruitg to make up their accts immediately and charge for no more Men than has actually been receivd at the severall Rendezvouses—allowance will be made for no others—the Arrears of Pay, for those Officers and Soldiers who have not recd for the Months of Jany and Feby are im[mediatel]y to be made out and sent down by you with the Rec[ruitin]g accts; desire them to charge for no Men but what are present, as I can pay for no others now.
I have sent you one of the Mutiny Bills which I recd from below—but I think—indeed I believe it is absolutely necessary as we still want the power—to postpone tryal till after your return—Order Comy Walker to see that there is particular care taken of all the Bags and to send them down if more Salt is wanted—Also order him to call upon Mr McLean to render an acct of the disbursements of Sundry sums to the amount of 70£s let him have since the 17th of Septr last and bring that down with him.
Inclosd is a Commission for Captn Waggener which I have neglected giving before, so long as I have had it—desire him, as the comd will upon your leaving the place, devolve upon him to be very circumspect in his duty—and to see that the Troops are duly drawn out and traind to their exercise and practisd to bush fighting. As I expect in a very few days to have the pleasure of seeing you I shall only add that I am Yr most Obt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: Orders, 28 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

Hampton.
Winchester, December 28th 1755.

The Recruiting Officers now in town are to make out their accompts and deliver them to morrow at ten o’clock—They are to charge two Pistoles for each man received at the place of Rendezvous; and eight-pence per day for their maintenance: no other charges will be allowed. Three Recruits that Ensign Smith reviewed and passed this day, are to be furnished with Clothes, Arms, &c.
A Court of Enquiry to sit immediately to examine whether Abraham Dale, recruited by Ensign Dekeyzer, be duly enlisted. Captain Stewart, President. The Officers to give in an accompt to-morrow at ten of the clock, of the arrears due themselves, and men now effective.
John Campbell of Captain Gists Company, is released from confinement; having received a sufficient reprimand for his disorderly behaviour.
Mr Nathaniel Gist is appointed Lieutenant, and William Crawford, Ensign, in a Company of Scouts commanded by Captain Christopher Gist.
N:B. It was the unanimous judgment of the Court of Enquiry, that Dale is duly enlisted.


Title: From George Washington to John Ashby, 28 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Ashby, John

To Captain John Ashby of the second Company of Rangers
[Winchester, 28 December 1755]

I am very much surprized to hear of the great irregularities which were allowed of in your camp. The Rum, although sold by Joseph Coombs, I am credibly informed, is your property. There are continual complaints to me of the misbehaviour of your Wife; who I am told sows sedition among the men, and is chief of every mutiny. If she is not immediately sent from the camp, or I hear any more complaints of such irregular Behaviour upon my arrival there; I shall take care to drive her out myself, and suspend you.
It is impossible to get clothing here for your men—I think none so proper for Rangers as Match-coats; therefore would advise you to procure them. Those who have not received clothing, for the future will receive their full pay without stoppages; and those already made, will be repaid them.

Those who have been clothed, must either return them or allow stoppages. I would have you consult your men, and fall upon some method to supply them immediately. I have heard very great complaints about the mens pay; and that it has been misapplied: to prevent any for the future—I Order, that you have your accompts with the men properly stated against I come up. And always after you make payments hereafter, to take two receipts from each man: one of which you are to have entered in a Book kept for that purpose, for your own use; the other must be taken upon a sheet of paper, and transmitted to me monthly.
I have sent you one of the mutiny Bills which you are (as far as it relates to the men) to have frequently read to them. Further; acquaint them, that if any Soldier deserts, altho’ he return himself, he shall be hanged. Given &c. at Winchester: December 28th 1755.

G:W.


Title: Orders, 29 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

Inverness.
Winchester December 29th 1755.

The Officers of each Company when the Roll is called thrice a-day, are also to see that the Recruits have their arms clean and in good order and that they always appear at roll calling with all their accoutremements. They are also to see that all the men appear tight and clean, with their hats always cock’d. Two or three Officers are to examine the prisoners and see if their handcuffs are too tight, and if they occasion their hands to swell, the Smith must be ordered to alter them.
All Officers who have not yet sworn to their Commissions, are to embrace the first opportunity of doing it.
The Officers are allowed until to-morrow, ten o’clock, to

bring in the Accompts ordered yesterday. It is expected they will be punctual to-morrow, as they have allowed the hour to lapse to-day.


Title: From George Washington to John Ashby, 29 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Ashby, John

To Captain John Ashby. of the Second Company of Rangers.
[Winchester, 29 December 1755]

As I am informed of several Soldiers having deserted your Company.
You are hereby ordered to pursue them with all possible dispatch; and use your utmost endeavours to apprehend and secure them. Given &c. at Winchester 29th December, 1755.


Title: Orders, 30 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

Kendal.
Winchester December 30th 1755.

The Commissary is immediately to engage eight waggons to be sent to the Quarter-Master at Alexandria, to bring Stores,

&c. from that place: and he is to make a Report, as soon as he has engaged that number. A Sergeant and six men to pile up the Cannon Ball that be scattered before the magazine; and the Sentry there is to have Orders, not to let them be thrown about again.
After Orders
Whereas there have been some mistakes about settling the arrears of the mens pay for the months of December, January and February last: It is Colonel Washingtons Orders that the Officers who were employed in the Recruiting Service at that time, and had the men under their own command until the Draughts were made in March last, do make off from the Paymasters Books, an exact account of the arrears due the men enlisted by them, who are now effective: they will then receive the amount; and each Officer must settle with his own Recruits, and pay them off; making stoppages of his just accompts; and take each mans receipt for the full arrears due him: which receipt must afterwards be produced to Colonel Washington. The Subaltern Officers who received money from their Captains for Recruiting, must account with them for it: as each Captain has given his receipt for the full sum received, for Recruiting. Three Subalterns who received money from Colonel Washington, must account with him.


Title: To George Washington from Adam Stephen, 30 December 1755
From: Stephen, Adam
To: Washington, George

Sir,
F. Cumberland [Md.] Decr 30 1755

I received yours of the 28th by Jenkins and will do myself the honor to wait on you as soon as the accounts you order are made out, which will be without delay. I will likewise sound C. D. on the topics you mention and am with great respect Yr most obedt

Adam Stephen


Title: Orders, 31 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

Limrick.
Winchester: December 31st 1755.

As there has issued Orders several times for every Officer to provide himself with a proper Regimental Dress (which dress is also particularly described:) Colonel Washington is a good deal surprized to find that some Officers are yet unprovided; and declares, that if they do not immediately procure them, or such thereof as can be had—it will be looked upon as disobedience of orders, and will be tried accordingly.
There are more persons returned as Sergeants, than are necessary for the number of Recruits in Town. Therefore a Return must immediately be given in of the names who call themselves so; that a proper choice may be made to do the Duty of Sergeants: the rest are to act as private Centinels, until further Orders.


Title: From George Washington to Christopher Gist, 31 December 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Gist, Christopher

[Winchester, 31 December 1755]
To Captain Christopher Gist. of a Company of Scouts.

You are hereby ordered to proceed to those public Places where you have the greatest probability of success; and continue Recruiting until the first day of March; at which time it is expected you will repair to this place.
You are, with some trusty person, to send your Recruits here, so soon as you raise a squad of five or ten men; and the person with whom you entrust them, is to take a receipt from the Officer, who will be appointed here to receive them, for the number delivered, specifying their names, &c.
You are to enlist no Servants nor Apprentices; nor are you to discharge any man after he is duly enlisted, upon any pretence whatsoever: neither are you invested with power to impress Horses, &c. as had been practised hitherto, without leave. In all other respects, you are to govern yourself strictly by your General Instructions.

You may dispose of your Subalterns as seems best to you, for the Service; giving them the same Orders you receive. Given &c. at Winchester December 31st 1755.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Hunter Morris, 1 January 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Morris, Robert Hunter

[Winchester, 1 January 1756]
To the Honourable Robert Hunter Morris. Governour of Pennsylvania.Honourable Sir,

I am sorry it has not been in my power to acknowledge the receipt of yours until now. At the time that your Letter came to Winchester, I was at Williamsburgh; before I got back, it was conveyed thither; and so from place to place has it been tossing almost until this time.
There is nothing more necessary than good intelligence to frustrate a designing Enemy: and nothing that requires greater pains to obtain. I shall therefore chearfully come into any measures you can propose to settle a correspondence for this salutary end: and you may depend upon receiving (when the provinces are threatened) the earliest and best intelligence I can procure.
I sympathized in a general concern to see the inactivity of your province, in a time of iminent danger: but am pleased to find, that a feeling sense of wrongs, has rouzed the spirit of your martial Assembly to vote a sum; which with your judicious application, will turn to a general good.
We took some pretty vigorous measures to collect a force upon our frontiers, upon the first alarm; which have kept us peaceable ever since: how long this may last, is uncertain. Since that force (which were Militia) are disbanded; and the Recruiting Service almost stagnated.
If you propose to levy Troops; and their destination is not a secret; I should be favoured, were I let into the scheme; that we may act conjunctly, so far as the nature of things will admit. Pray direct to me, at Alexandria; to which place I design to go, in about ten days from this. I am &c.

G:W.
Winchester, January 1st 1756.


Title: Orders, 1 January 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Monmouth.
Winchester. Thursday, January 1st 1756.

Three days provisions to be delivered to the Troops tomorrow at twelve o’clock.
Captain Stewart is to give orders to have a Sentry over the Forage, to prevent any waste: and a moderate allowance be given out every morning, and no more. Captain Stewart is to

visit his Guard twice a-week; to see that these orders are duly executed.


Title: Memorandum, 1–2 January 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[1–2 January 1756]

Patrick Laden has leave to be absent on Furlough, until Sunday night.


Title: Orders, 2 January 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Nants.
Winchester, Friday, January 2, 1756.

Three Recruits belonging to Captain Stewart, and one to Captain Bell, are to receive arms, Clothes, &c.
After Orders.
The Commissary is to deliver three days provision; Clothes arms, &c. to sixteen Recruits belonging to Captain Stewart.


Title: Orders, 3 January 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Ostend.
Winchester: Saturday, January 3d 1756.

The Guard is to be regularly relieved every morning at ten o’clock.
The Drummer must observe to beat, at the appointed times, the following Beats. Revelé at day-break; Troop, at ten o’clock; Retreat at sun-set; and Tattoo, at nine o’clock at night. An Officer is to see that the above Orders are duly executed.
This Tour of Duty to begin with the eldest Captain; and to continue through the rest of the Officers, according to Seniority. The Officer of the Day is to make a Report of the Guard, as soon as he is relieved.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Walker, 3 January 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Walker, Thomas

To the Commissary.
[Winchester, 3 January 1756]

Let Ensign Smiths Recruit have Clothes, arms, &c.


Title: Orders, 4 January 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Plymouth.
Winchester: Sunday 4th of January, 1756.

Christopher Scully, recruited by Ensign Dekeyser, is to receive Arms, Clothes, &c. to-morrow. The Troops are to receive four days provision to-morrow.


Title: Orders, 5 January 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Queensbury.
Winchester: Monday, January 5th 1756.

Ensign Polson being appointed in Colonel Gage’s Regiment,

has Colonel Washington’s leave to resign his Commission in the Virginia Regiment.
A Court of Enquiry to sit to-morrow at nine o’clock; to examine whether Thomas Norris, recruited by Sergeant Hughes, is duly enlisted. Lieutenant Colonel Stephen, President. All Evidences to attend.


Title: Orders, 6 January 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Richmond.
Winchester: Tuesday January 6th 1756.

Whereas it has been represented to Colonel Washington, that Ensign Dekeyser has been guilty of a breach of the twenty-third article of War; by behaving in a manner unbecoming the character of a Gentleman, and an Officer—He is ordered to appear before a Court of enquiry, which will sit to examine into the complaint to-morrow at ten of the clock. The Court to consist of nine Officers; none under the degree of a Captain—Lieutenant Colonel Stephen, President. All Evidences to attend.


Title: Memorandum, 6 January 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 6 January 1756]

Wrote to Ensign Buckner at Alexandria, to take John Berry, a Servant of Mr William West, who is willing to enlist; and to give up Jacob Funkhouser in his place.


Title: Memorandum, 6 January 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 6 January 1756]

It was the judgment of the Court of Enquiry this morning held upon Thomas Norris; that he is legally and duly enlisted; as per copy of proceedings.


Title: Orders, 7 January 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Sandwich.
Winchester: Wednesday January 7th 1756.

The Pay-Master is to pay off all the Troops in town to the first of this instant.


Title: Memorandum, 7 January 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 7 January 1756]

Ensign Crawford, of Captain Gists’ Company of Scouts, has his time of Rendezvous prolonged until the first day of march next.


Title: Memorandum, 7 January 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 7 January 1756]

The Court of Enquiry upon Ensign Dekeyser’s misbehaviour, are of opinion, that he is guilty of the breach of the twenty-third article of War. See the proceedings of the Court.


Title: Orders, 8 January 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Tweed.
Winchester: Thursday, January 8th 1756.

All the Officers in town to attend Lieutenant Colonel Stephens immediately at Lemon’s House. As soon as the Congress is over, three of the youngest Subalterns, and Sergeant Waters, are to go immediately in pursuit of the two Deserters, who made their escape last night; and to use their utmost endeavours to apprehend them.
Three days provision to be delivered to the Troops to-morrow, at twelve o’clock.


Title: Address, 8 January 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 8 January 1756]

Lieutenant Colonel Stephens has orders to read the following suspension and admonition to all the Officers.
“Whereas the Court of Enquiry that was held yesterday in behalf of our Sovereign Lord, the King, for examining into a complaint against Leehaynsious Dekeyser, Ensign in the Virginia Regiment, for a Breach of the twenty-third Article, fifteenth Section of War: Were unanimous in opinion that he was not only guilty of the crime for which he was arrested; but had

acted inconsistently with the character of a Gentleman, and scandalously for an Officer; whose character should be preserved by the nicest rules of Honour.
For these and other reasons, unnecessary to enumerate—I think it for the Honour of his Majesty’s Service, and the good of the Regiment; that the said Lehaynsius Dekeyser be Suspended; and he is hereby suspended and debarred from holding any post or having any connection with the said Regiment, until the Governors pleasure be known; or until he is acquitted by a general Court Martial; if he thinks proper to appeal for a further hearing.
This timely warning of the Effects of misbehaviour will, I hope, be instrumental in animating the younger Officers to a laudable Emulation in the Service of their Country. Not that I apprehend any of them can be guilty of offences of this nature: but there are many other misdemeanors that will, without due circumspection, gain upon inactive minds, and produce consequences equally disgraceful.
I would therefore earnestly recommend, in every point of Duty; willingness to undertake, and intrepid resolution to execute.
Remember, that it is the actions, and not the commission, that make the Officer—and that there is more expected from him than the Title. Do not forget, that there ought to be a time appropriated to attain this knowledge; as well as to indulge pleasure. And as we now have no opportunities to improve from example; let us read, for this desirable end. There is Blands and other Treatises which will give the wished-for information.
I think it my duty, Gentlemen, as I have the Honour to preside over you, to give this friendly admonition; especially as I am determined, as far as my small experience in Service; my abilities, and interest of the Service, dictate; to observe the strictest discipline through the whole economy of my Behaviour. On the other hand; you may as certainly depend upon having the strictest justice administred to all: and that I shall make it the most agreeable part of my duty, to study merit, and reward the brave, and deserving. I assure you, Gentlemen, that partiality shall never biass my conduct; nor shall prejudice injure any: but throughout the whole tenor of my proceedings, I

shall endeavour, as far as I am able, to reward and punish, without the least diminution.”

G:W.


Title: Memorandum, 8 January 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 8 January 1756]

Deserted last night from the Guard, William Kennedy, confined for desertion; and Abraham Dale, confined for neglect of Duty.
A press-warrant given Lieutenant Brockenbrough, to impress four Horses, fo⟨r⟩ him and three other Subalterns, to go in pursuit of these two Deserters.


Title: Memorandum, 8 January 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 8 January 1756]

Jacob Eayzer, enlisted by Captain Robert Stewart; was viewed, and received.


Title: Evening Orders, 8 January 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 8 January 1756]

Evening Orders.
Captain Stewart is to draught out of his Recruits, men enough to complete his Troop to the Establishment; the rest he is to march to town to-morrow, and deliver them over to Lieutenant Bullett, who with Ensign Thompson, is to march them and the Recruits, now in this town, to Fort Cumberland.
He is to set out on Saturday; and proceed by the following Rout: viz.

Saturday the 10th to Jesse Pughs

   Sunday the 11th to Henry Enochs

   Monday the 12th to Friend Cox’s

   Tuesday the 13th to  Cressaps.

   Wednesday the 14th to Fort-Cumberland.

This Detachment must receive to-morrow, at 12 o’clock, from the Commissary, twelve Rounds of Cartridges, and six days provision.
The Commissary is to pack up all the Arms here which want repairing, carefully in a Chest; and send them by the first opportunity to Fort Cumberland.


Title: Memorandum, 8 January 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 8 January 1756]

Paid off Mary Bailey, Nurse to the Hospital, her Wages in full, to the ninth of this instant.


Title: Orders, 9 January 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Versailles
Winchester: Friday, January 9, 1756.

The Tour of Duty, mentioned in the Orders of the third instant,

is to be done only by the Captains. A general Return is to be given in at ten o’clock, of all the Troops in this Town; except those that belong to Captain Stewart. The Commissary must also give in a Return of all the Kettles he has in Store here.
All the Officers now in town, are to hold themselves in readiness to attend Lieutenant Colonel Stephens to Fort Cumberland to-morrow; except Captains Stewart, Peachy and Bell.
The Virginia Regiment is now formed into Companies; and are (without a particular order to the contrary) to remain, and be as followeth, vizt

                  1st Company
                  Captain Peter Hogg [Hog].
                     Lieutenant George Frazier [Fraser]
                     Ensign William Fleming

                2nd Company
                Captain George MercerLieutenant Thomas Bullett [Bullitt]Ensign [George] Hedgman

                  3d Company
		  Captain Thomas WaggenerLieutenant Walter Stewart [Steuart]Ensign Nathaniel Milner

                  4th Company
		  Captain Robert StewartLieutenant John McNeil [McNeill]Ensign [George] Gordon.

                  5th Company
		  Captain Thomas CockeLieutenant [William] Starke [Stark]Ensign [George] Weedon

                  6th Company
		  Captain John SavageLieutenant John BlaggEnsign [Charles] Smith

                  7th Company
		  Captain William BronaughLieutenant [Hancock] EustaceEnsign

                  8th Company
		  Captain John MercerLieutenant John LowryEnsign

                  9th Company
		  Captain Joshua LewisLieutenant [John] KingEnsign [Mordecai] Buckner

                  10th Company
		  Captain Henry Woodward,Lieutenant [Austin] Brockenbrough,Ensign

                  11th Company
		  Captain Robert Spotswood,Lieutenant [John Edward] Lomax,Ensign [Thomas] Carter.

                  12th Company
		  Captain [Henry] Harrison,Lieutenant [John] Hall,Ensign [Nathaniel] Thompson.

                  13th Company
		  Captain Charles Lewis,Lieutenant [Peter] Steenbergen,Ensign [Edward] Hubbard.

                  14th Company
		  Captain William Peachy [Peachey],Lieutenant [John] Williams,Ensign [William] Dangerfield [Daingerfield].

                  15th Company
		  Captain David Bell,Lieutenant [John] Campbell,Ensign [John] Deane.

                  16th Company
		  Captain Robert McKenzie,Lieutenant [James] Baker,Ensign [Leonard] Price.

Each Captain is to receive his own, and his Subalterns Recruits upon his arrival at Fort Cumberland: and the Soldiers that were in the late Companies of Captains Stephen, Hogg, Polson, and Peyrounie; are to be equally divided among the promoted Lieutenants: vizt The Captains Savage, Bronaugh, Mercer, Lewis and Woodward: who are ordered to complete their Companies, without further delay.
The new appointed Officers, who obtained their Commissions upon condition that they should raise their Companies: are hereby informed—That it is expected the terms will be

complied with, with the greatest punctuality. And it is recommended to the serious consideration of all the Officers, who value their appointments; to set about this Duty with the greatest alacrity and dispatch: for the terms on one side, will assuredly be observed—I have my instructions from the Governour.
The Balances of the Recruiting accompts are to be paid on demand, to Lieutenant Colonel Stephen. And it is again desired, that no Officer will pretend to charge for any men, but what have actually been received (as some have done at Fort Cumberland; not only contrary to their Instructions, but against a positive Order.)
It is also desired; that no Article may encumber the Recruiting accompts, but such as have relation to them. The Officers pay, and pay for Sergeants, Drummers, &c. are Charges against the pay master; of whom they will receive the money.
All Subalterns who received Recruiting money from their Captains, are to account with them for it; as the Captain is to make out a General Accompt for me, agreeable to a form herewith sent: they being answerable for the money.
And as complaint has been made, that some Subalterns have expended the money without Recruiting men equivalent: I do hereby order that their pay be stopped; until their Captains have full and just satisfaction made to them.
And I do also declare; that if any Officer for the future shall apply the money delivered him for public uses; such as Recruiting, &c. to his private purposes; that he or they shall answer it before a General Court Martial; and may depend upon suffering to the utmost rigour of their Sentence.
The Officers who have not received are to draw upon the Paymaster for their own and Mens arrears for the months of January and February last; agreeable to the Order of the thirtieth of December: and to see that the men are duly paid, while they are at Fort Cumberland. They are to take receipts from each particular man; which with a general accompt, is to be lodged with Lieutenant Colonel Stephen: and as Lieutenant Colonel Stephen has received part of most of their arrears; care must be taken that the Sums so received, are duly deducted. This accompt will be lodged in the paymasters hands for that purpose.

The Officers who will be Ordered out Recruiting, will receive their instructions from Lieutenant Colonel Stephen.

G:W.
Winchester: January 9th 1756.