Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 27 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.

          Dr Sir,
          Head Qrs [West Point] Sepr 27th 1779

        Several concurring reports lead so strongly to a supposition that a French Squadron may be approaching our coast, that I think we cannot with propriety altogether neglect them. If this event should take place, it will be incumbent upon us to exert our utmost resources in a cooperation; and I shall be under a necessity of applying to the adjacent states for a very considerable aid of men and supplies, particularly in the article of flour of which our prospects are extremely limited and unpromising—In the present uncertainty, without any official advice of the measure, I do not think we should be justified in adding to our embarrassments, by calling out a body of Militia beforehand; but I think it my duty to give Your Excellency the present intimation, that you may have the goodness to preconcert such arrangements as will be best adapted to a prompt and effectual compliance with the applications I may have occasion to make. These as I observed will reach to—a speedy and ample supply of men—of provisions—and I may add the means of transportation, which will also require particular attention in an emergency of this kind. It will be essential that the men should come out properly equipped and organized, that there may be no delay or trouble on this head; and that they should be obliged to serve two or three months after they join the army.
        Your Excellency will be sensible how much the honor and interest of these States must be concerned in a vigorous cooperation, should the event I have supposed happen; and I shall place the fullest confidence in that wisdom and energy of which Your Excellency’s conduct has afforded such frequent and decisive proofs. With the most perfect respect and esteem I have the honor to be Yr Excellency’s Most Obedt serv.

          Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from the Continental Congress Marine Committee, 28 September 1779
From: Continental Congress Marine Committee
To: Washington, George

          sir
          Marine Committee Philadelphia Septr 28th 1779

        The Enclosed is a Copy of a Letter from this Committee to the Commissioners of the Navy Board at Boston, which we transmit as being necessary for your Excellencys information & have the honor to be yr Excellencys Most Obedient servants

          Jno. Mathews Chairman


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Huntington, 28 September 1779
From: Huntington, Samuel
To: Washington, George

          Sir
          [Philadelphia, 28 September 1779]

        I enclose you an Act of Congress passed the 24th Inst. and am happy, in the first exercise of that important trust with which Congress have been pleased to honor me, to have the opportunity of conveying to you the thanks of Congress for ordering with so much wisdom, this late attack on the enemy’s works at Paulus Hook⟨.⟩ The important business, in which Congress have been engaged, has prevented an earlier attention to that brilliant Action.
        I can assure you, Sir, Congress have a proper sense of the merit of the Officers and soldiers employed in that enterprize as well as of the army in general which, by their cheerful performance of every duty under every difficulty, have proved that they ardently wish to give the truly glorious example they now receive.
        The act of this day which I enclose relative to the Officers of the Convention Troops was occasioned by the situation of public Affairs which is too critical to permit the enemy to avail themselves of the knowledge they must receive from the Communications of Officers of such rank and observation. I am, with due respect Sir, Your Excellency’s Obedt and very humble servt

          Saml Huntington President


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens, 28 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, John

          Dear Sir,
          West-point Sep: 28th 79.

        I shall consider myself happy to see you again in that character in which you are pleased to subscribe yourself whenever the object that drew you to Carolina may cease to be a motive for your continuing there, or will permit you to rejoin your old associates here. In this let me entreat you to believe me most sincere.
        Some late movements of the Enemy have given rise to a variety of suggestions. Four Regiments have already sailed from New York; and a still more considerable embarkation is on foot, in which is included a body of their Cavalry. All reasoning on the destination of these Troops will be no better than conjecture—If we should suppose a plan formed by the British cabinet for this years Campaign, the events which have taken place in Europe—In the West Indies—and on this Continent—may have rendered its full execution impracticable—and made it expedient for their Commander here, either to suspend its operation—or to act according to the exigencies of the moment, if he is not under absolute orders.
        Perhaps it is fortunate for the interests of your state & the Continent at large, that the success of all Plans depends on matters beyond the controul of the projectors—Since the reports of the Count D’Estaing’s fleet having been seen near our Coast the enemy appear rather embarrassed—should this report prove true, I leave the effects it may produce in our favor to your own conjectures.
        By this time I expect Genl Sullivan will have compleated the entire destruction of the whole Settlements of the Six Nations, excepting those of the Oneidas and such other friendly Towns as have merited a different treatment—By my last advices of the 9th Instt he had penetrated beyond ⟨their⟩ middle settlements—had burn⟨t⟩ between 15 and 20 Towns—destroyed all their Crops—& was advancing to their exterior villages. The Indian⟨s,⟩ Men—women & children, flying before him to Niagara (distant more than 100 miles) in the utmost

consternation—distress—& confusion with the Butlars, Brandt &ca at their head.
        Wishing you the most satisfactory issue of your endeavours, and much health to enjoy the good name you have acquired I am with the most sincere attachment—& affectine regard Dr Sir—Yr Obed⟨t⟩

          Go: Washington

          P.S. I shall thank you for presenting my best respects to Mr Presidt Rutlidge—Mr Edwd Rutledge, Mr Middle⟨ton mutilated⟩.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Benjamin Lincoln, 28 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Lincoln, Benjamin

          My Dear Sir,
          Head Quarters West Point Septr 28th 1779

        I received your letter of the 8th of July with that pleasure which we always experience in hearing from those for whom we have a real esteem—The details you give me of your attack upon Stono ferry are obliging and satisfactory; and “though all was not done which you wished” I have no doubt that the attempt had a good effect and at least accelerated the retreat of the Enemy—It did no discredit to our arms even by their accounts.
        I am chagrined at the delays which the intended succours from Virginia have met with—the more as by my last accounts they continued—I hope however they may still arrive in time to be useful—and that you may not be disappointed in your other expectations—Notwithstanding the embarrassed situation of the Enemy I am far from

being satisfied they will not make another & more vigorous effort to the Southward this campaign—They have very powerful motives to it: The full possession of Georgia and the acquisition of South Carolina would be a good counterpoise to their losses in the Islands: It would give credit to their cause in Europe, favor negotiations in the winter or help to gain friends for a further prosecution of the War: It would also open new sources of supplies, of which they now stand in need both on the Continent and in the West Indies, from the superiority in the English channel, which the junction of Spain must have produced and the restraint it will impose upon the exportations from England and Ireland.
        I see no better purpose to which they can apply their army in america. Inferior in naval force in the Islands, they cannot think of recovering those they have lost or acquiring others—To garrison and preserve the remainder seems to be all they can reasonably have in view—If they make a detachment of four or five thousand men in addition to the troops already there it will in my opinion be sufficient for this purpose—Then by evacuating Rhode Island they may spare three or four thousand more for operations in your quarter, and keep a garrison of nine or ten thousand men for the defence of New York and its dependencies, which from its particular shape and insular situation and the works they have raised and are raiseing, would be pretty well out of the reach of any enterprise on our part, without the co-operation of a fleet.
        The possibility of an aid of this kind will indeed be an objection to the measure I am supposing—and the ideas of the Enemy under their present discouragements may perhaps more naturally embrace plans of mere security than conquest—But upon the whole the probability of the latter is sufficiently great to require every precaution on our side—Southern operations appear to have been for some time past a favourite object in the British cabinet—The weakness of the Southern States affords a strong temptation—the advantages are important and inviting—and even the desperate aspect of their affairs itself may inspire a spirit of enterprise and teach the necessity of some bold stroke to counterballance their misfortunes and disgraces and to restore their reputation and influence.
        The inclosed extracts contain substantially the most authentic intelligence I have received of the Enemy’s motions and designs—You will perceive they are making large detachments and that the Southern States are spoken of as a principal object—The particular Corps too which are mentioned point that way: They would not seperate their Grenadiers and Light infantry but for some important coup de main; and this I imagine is the manner in which they would proceed against

Chs Town: Nor do I see where except with you they can intend to employ their cavalry—But there may be a mistake in this part of the intelligence from the difficulty of ascertaining corps with precision; and some movements among those which are specified may have occasioned a deception.
        A variety of correspondent accounts of late has led us to a belief that Count D’Estaing sailed from the Cape early in August, bound to some part of this Continent. From the direction he took when an American Vessel parted with him on the 23d August—Georgia or St Augustine or both were supposed to be his destination. If this were the case, you must have had knowledge of his operations long since; but a Vessel just arrived at the Eastward amuses us with a story of her having seen him in the latitude of Bermudas, where it is said he took the Captain of this Vessel on board as a Pilot—The period of time to which this event is referred is the 10th inst., but the Count has not yet made his appearance on the coast—Perhaps the winds which have been contrary have retarded him—Perhaps Halifax is the point to which his attention is directed—or perhaps the whole tale is a contrivance; though it comes to me with strong circumstances of probability.
        I have no doubt that you will make every exertion in your power to be prepared for the worst; and I hope you will be effectually seconded by the States immediately interested, and who alone are near enough to give you the necessary succour—It is to be lamented that the distance and other circumstances are insurmountable barriers to the support of any part of the troops here. With the truest esteem and regard I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obet, servt

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to James Cole Mountflorence, 28 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Mountflorence, James Cole

          Sir
          Head Quarters West Point Septr 28th 1779

        I received by yesterdays Post your letter of the 30th of August and am much obliged by your polite offer of service. It is however not in my power to avail myself of it. The appointment of Officers is not with me—and therefore I cannot give you any assurance of your being employed. And besides this consideration, the state of the Army with respect to Officers does not require any new appointments to be made. Under these circumstances I cannot think myself at liberty to encourage you to hope, that one in your favor would take place—and to induce you in consequence, to make a long—fatiguing and expensive journey. I am Sir Yr Most Obedient, servant

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Stirling, 28 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)

          My Lord.
          Head Quarters West Point 28th Sepr 1779

        I have your favr of the 27th—Supposing the Continental Cloathing delivered to the Virginia line last Fall to be of equal quality with that delivered to the other part of the Army, they ought now to be in better condition than any other troops, as they had at the same time contrary to my judgment and express desire, a very considerable quantity

of State Cloathing in addition to the Continental, which I was sure coming all together would be misapplied and avail them little.
        I have directed Mr Wilkinson the new Cloathier General who is gone to the Eastward to send immediately forward all the woolen Cloathing of every kind. The moment it arrives it shall be delivered to those most in want. I hope we shall have a sufficiency of Body Cloathing, but in Blankets and Hats, notwithstanding my repeated remonstrances, I fear we shall fall short. I do not know what stock of shoes are on hand, but I imagine not great. I will write to the Cloathier and know, and will order a due proportion to your division. I hope the new arrangement of the Cloathing department will put it upon a better footing than it has heretofore been. It has occasioned more trouble to me, and has given more disgust to the Officers than any one thing besides in the service.
        Upon the representation of the Commy General a few weeks ago upon his apprehension⟨s⟩ of a scarcity of Flour, I wrote to all the States which furnish that Article, I have answers from the Governors all promising to exert themselves⟨,⟩ and I hope we shall soon feel the good effects of it. I am with great Regard Your Lordships Most obt Servt

          Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General John Sullivan, 28 September 1779
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

          [Chemung, N.Y., 28 Sept. 1779]

        Copy of a letter from Major General Sullivan to General Washington dated Chemung 28th Sepr 1779.
        In mine of the 30th ultimo, I had the honor of informing your Excellency of the victory obtained over the enemy on the 29th of August, I now do myself the honor to inform you of the progress of this army, and the most material occurrences, which have since taken place. The time taken up in destroying the corn in the neighbourhood of New-Town (employing the army near two days) and there appearing a probability, that the destruction of all the crops might take a much greater length of time, than was at first apprehended, and being likewise convinced by an accurate calculation, that it would not be possible, to effect the destruction of the Indian Country, with the provision on hand, which was all I had in store; and indeed all that I had pack-horses to transport from Tioga. In this situation I could think of but one expedient, to answer the end designed by the expedition; which was, to prevail (if possible) on the soldiers, to content themselves with half a pound of flour, and the same quantity of fresh beef per day, rather than leave the important business unfinished. I therefore drew up an address to the soldiers, a copy of which I have the honor to inclose you, which being read, was answered by three cheers from the whole army. Not one dissenting voice was heard from either officer or soldier. I had then on hand by the best calculation I could make 22 lb. of flour and sixteen pounds of beef pr man. The former liable to many deductions—from rains—crossing rivers—and defiles &c. the latter much more so, from the almost unavoidable loss of cattle, when suffered to range the woods at night for their support. I was however encouraged in the belief, that I should be inabled, to effect the destruction and total ruin of the Indian territories by this truely noble and virtuous resolution of the army for which I know not, whether the public stand most indebted to the persuasive arguments, which the offi[c]ers began to use, or to the virtuous disposition of the Soldiers, whose immediate and cheerful compliance with the requisition, anticipated all their wishes, and rendered persuasion unnecessary.
        I sent back all my heavy artillery on the night of the 30th, retaining only four brass three pounders, and a small Howitzer—Loaded the necessary amunition on horseback, and marched early on the 31st for ⟨illegible⟩ Cathrine’s Town: On our way we destroyed a small settlement of eight houses, and a Town called Konnawaughhally of about 20 houses, situated on a peninsula at the conflux of the Cayuga and

Tioga branches—we also destroyed several fields of corn. From this Col. Dayton was detached with his regiment, and the Rifle corps up the Tioga, about six miles, and destroyed several large fields of corn. The army ressumed their march, and incamped within 13½ Miles of Catharine’s town, where we arrived the next day, although, we had a road to open for our artillery, and had to pass through a swamp of nine miles in extent, and almost impervious. We arrived near Cathrine’s Town in the night, and moved on with hopes to surprise it, but found it foresaken. The next morning an old woman of the Cayuga nation was found in the woods, who informed that the night after the battle of New-Town the enemy had fled all night, and arrived there in great confusion early the next day. That she heard the warriors tell their women, that they were conquered, and must fly—that they had a great many killed and vast numbers wounded. She likewise heard the lamentations of many, for the loss of their connexions. In addition to this, she assured us, that some other warriors had met Butler at this place and desired him to return and fight again. But to this request they could obtain no satisfactory answer: for as they observed Butlers mouth was closed. The warriors who had been in the action were equally averse to the proposal, and would think of nothing but flight, and the removal of their families. That they kept runners on every mountain, to observe the motions of our army who reported (early in the day on which we arrived) that our advance was very rapid, upon which all those who had not been before sent off, fled with precipitation, leaving her without any possible means of escape. She said that Brandt had taken most of the wounded up the Tioga branch in Canoes. I was from many circumstances, fully convinced of the truth, and sincerity of her declaration and the more so, as we had on the day we left New-Town, discovered a great number of bloody packs, arms and accoutrements, thrown away in the road, and in the woods on each side of it. besides which we discovered a number of recent graves—Those circumstances when added to that of so many warriors being left dead on the field (a circumstance not common with Indians) were sufficient to corroborate this womans declaration, and to prove what I before conjectured, namely, that the loss of the enemy was much greater, than was at first apprehended. I have never been able to ascertain, with any degree of certainty, what number of the enemy were opposed to us at New-Town, but from the best accounts I have been able to collect, and from the opinion of General Poor and others, who had the best opportunity of viewing their numbers, as well as from the extent of their lines, I suppose their numbers to have been near 1500—tho’ the two persons whom I believe totally ignorant of the numbers at any post except their own, as well as of the

enemy’s disposition, estimate them only at 800, while they allow that 5 companies of Rangers, all the warriors of Seneca, and six other nations were collected at this place. In order to determine their numbers with as much accuracy as was in my power, I examined their breast-work and find the extent of it more than half a mile; several bastions ran out in its front to flank it in every part; a small block house formerly occupied as a dwelling house, was also manned in front of the line. The breast work appeared to have been fully manned, tho’ I suppose only with one rank—Some part of the work being low, they were obliged to dig holes in the ground to cover themselves in part. This circumstance enabled me to judge the distance between their men in the works. A very thin scattering line, designed only as I suppose, for communicating signals, was continued from those works, to that part of the mountain which General Poor ascended, where they had a very large body—which was designed I imagine to fall on our flank. The distance from their breast work to this place was at least one mile and a half—from thence to the hill in rear of our right, was another scattering line, of about one mile, and on the hill a breast work with a strong party, destined, it is supposed, to fall on our rear. But general Clinton being ordered so far to the right, occasioned his flank to pass over this mountain, which obliged them, to abandon this post—From those circumstances, as well as from the opinion of others, I cannot conceive their numbers to have been less, than what I have before mentioned. The army spent one day at Catherine’s in destroying the corn, and fruit trees. We burnt the Town which consisted of about 30 houses, and the next day encamped near a small scattering settlement of about 8 houses; and in two days after reached Kandahee, which we also found deserted—Here one of the inhabitants of Wyoming, who was captured last year by the enemy, escaped from them, and joined us. He informed that the enemy had left the Town in the greatest confusion, three days before our arrival. He said he conversed with some of the tories, on their return from the action at Newto[w]n who assured him they had great numbers killed and wounded, and there was no safety but in flight. He heard Butler tell them, they must try to make a stand at Konadasagea—but they declared they would not throw away their lives in a vain attempt to oppose such an army. He also heard many of the Indian women lamenting the loss of their connexions, and added that Brandt had taken most of the wounded in water-craft (up the Tioga) which had been provided to answer that purpose in case of necessity. It was his opinion the King of Konadasagea was killed as he saw him go down, but not return; and gave a description of his person and dress, which exactly corresponded with one found on the field of

action. This Town of Konadahee consisted of 20 houses, very neatly built and finished, which we reduced to ashes; and the army spent near a day in destroying the corn and fruit trees, of which there was great abundance; many of the trees appeared to be of great age. The next day we crossed the outlet of the Seneca Lake, and moved in three divisions, through the wood to encircle Konadasagea, but found it likewise abandoned. A white child of about three years old (doubtless the offspring of some unhappy captive) was found here, and carried on with the Army—A detachment of 400 Men was sent down the West side of Seneca lake to destroy Gothseunqueau and the plantations in that quarter. at the same time, a number of Volunteers under Colonel Harper went ten Miles towards Cayuga Lake and destroyed Schoyese, and the residue of the Army was employed in destroying the Corn at Kanasedagea, of which, there was a large quantity. This town consisted of 50 Houses and was very pleasantly situated, in it we found a great number of fruit trees, which were destroyed with the town. The Army then moved on, and in two days, arrived at Kanandaique, and were joined on the Road by the detachment sent on the West side of Seneca lake, it having been almost two days employed in destroying the Crops and settlements there—At Kanandaique we found 23 very elegant Houses, mostly framed, and in general very large. We also found very extensive feilds of Corn, which having destroyed we marched to Honyaye, a small town of ten Houses which we also destroyed (leaving a strong Garrison, our heavy stores and one feild peice) and proceeded to Chenessee, which the prisoners informed me was the grand Capital of the Indian Country: That Indians of all nations had been planting there this Spring, and that all the Rangers and some British had been employed in assisting them, that they might raise supplies sufficient to support them while destroying our frontiers. That they had themselves worked three Weeks for the Indians in planting. This determined me at all events to reach that settlement, tho’ the State of my provisions (much reduced by unavoidable accidents) almost forbad the attempt. My flour had been much reduced by the failure of pack Horses; passing Creeks and defiles, and 27 of the Cattle had been unavoidably lost. We however marched on for the Chenessee Town, and the second day reached a town of 25 Houses called Kanegsaus—Here we found some large Corn feilds which a part of the army destroyed, while another part was employed in building a Bridge over an unfordable Creek between that and Chenessee. I had the preceding evening ordered out an Officer with three or four Riflemen, one of our Guides and an Oneida Cheif, to reconnoitre the Chenessee town, that we might if possible surprise it. Lieut. Boyd of the Rifle Corps was the officer intrusted who took

with him twenty three Men, who turned out as Volunteers from the Corps and a few from Colo. Butlers Regt making in the whole 26, a much larger number than I had thoughts of sending, and by no means so likely to answer the purpose as that which was at first directed. The guides, who were by no means acquainted with the Country, mistook the Road in the night, and at day break fell in with a Castle six Miles higher up the River than Chenessee, inhabited by a tribe called Squattchakaws—here they saw a few Indians and killed and scalped two—the rest fled—Two runners were immediately dispatched to me with the account and informed that the party was on its return. When the Bridge was almost compleated, some of them came in and informed that Lieut. Boyd and most of his party were surrounded by the enemy—that the Indians had been discovering themselves before him for some miles—that his Men had killed two and were eagerly pursuing the rest, but soon found themselves almost surrounded by 3 or 400 Indians and Rangers—Those of Mr Boyds Men who were sent to secure his flanks fortunately made their escape, but he with fourteen of his Men and the Oneida Cheif being in the Centre, were compleatly incircled. All the light troops of the Army, and the flanking divisions were immediately detached to their releif, but arrived too late. The enemy had destroyed the party and escaped. It appeared that our Men had taken to a small Grove of trees, the ground around it being clear on every side for several Rods, and there fought till Mr Boyd was shot thro’ the Body, and every man killed but one, who with his wounded Commander were made prisoners. The firing was so close, before this brave party was destroyed, that the powder of the enemy’s Musquetts was driven into their flesh. In this conflict, the enemy must have suffered greatly, as they had no cover and our Men were possessed of a very advantagious one. This advantage of Ground—the obstinate bravery of the party—with some other circumstances induce me to beleive their loss must have been very considerable. They were so long employed in taking away and secreting their dead, that the advancing of General Hands party obliged them to leave one of them along side of the Rifle Men—and at least a Waggon load of packs—Blankets—Hats and provisions, which they had thrown off to enable them to act with more agility in the feild, most of them appeared to appertain to the Rangers. Another Reason which induces me to suppose they suffered much was the unparalled tortures which they inflicted upon the brave unfortunate Boyd, whose Body, with that of his unfortunate companion we found at Chenessee. It appeared that they had whipped them in the most cruel manner, pulled out the Nails of Mr Boyd, cut off his nose, plucked out one of his Eyes—cut out his tongue, stabbed him with spears in sundry places,

and inflicted other tortures which decency will not permit me to mention—then cut off his head and left his Body on the Ground with that of his unfortunate Companion who appears to have experienced the same savage Barbarity. The party which Mr Boyd seems to have fallen in with, was commanded by Colonel Butler, and had been posted in an advantagious peice of Ground in order to fire upon our Army when advancing, but found their design frustrated by the appearance of this party in their Rear. The Army moved in that day to the Castle last mentioned and which consist⟨ed⟩ of 25 Houses, and had very extensive feilds of Corn, which being destroyed we moved on the next day to the Chenessee Town crossing in our Route a deep Creek and the little Seneca River and in marching six Miles we reached the Castle, which consisted of 128 Houses mostly very large and elegant. The town is beautifully situated—almost incircled with a clear flat, which extends for a number of Miles, on which were the most extensive feilds of Corn, and every kind of Vegetable, that can be conceived. The whole Army was immediately engaged in destroying the Crops—The Corn was gathered and burnt in Houses and in Kilns, that the Enemy might not reap the least advantage from it, which method we have pursued in every other place—Here a Woman came to us who had been captured at Wyoming. She informed us that the Enemy had evacuated the town two days before—that Butler at the same time went off with 300 or 400 Indians and Rangers, as he said, to get a shot at our Army. This was undoubtedly the party which cut off Lt Boyd. She mentioned that they kept Runners constantly out, and, when our Army was in motion, the intelligence was communicated by a Yell, immediately on which, the greatest terror and confusion apparently took place among them. She said that the Women were constantly begging the Warriors to sue for peace, and, that one of the Indians had attempted to shoot Colo. Johnson, for the falsehoods, by which he had deceived and ruined them—that she overheard Butler telling Johnston that it was impossible, to keep the Indians together, after the Battle of Newtown—that he thought they must soon be in a miserable situation, as all their Crops would be destroyed, and that Canada could not supply them with provisions at Niagara—that he would endeavour to collect the Warriors to assist in the defence of that Fort, which, he was of opinion, the Army would lay seige to, and the Women and Children he would send into Canada—After having destroyed this town beyond which I was informed there was no settlement, and destroyed all their Houses and Crops in that quarter—the Army having been advancing seventeen days with the supply of provisions before mentioned, and that much reduced on the march by accident—and the Cayuga Country being as yet unpenetrated, I thought it

necessary to return as soon as possible in order to effect the destruction of the settlements in that quarter. The Army therefore began its march for Kanadasago the 18th day from its leaving Newtown. At Canadasago I was met by a sachem from Oneida and three Warriors, one of whom I had sent from Catharine’s with a letter, a Copy of which I have the honor to enclose Your Excellency. They delivered me a Message from the Warriors of that Nation, respecting the Cayugas—Copies of that and my Answer I likewise inclose—From this place I detached Colo. Smith with a party down the west side of Seneca Lake to dest[r]oy the Corn which had been cut down, and to destroy any thing further, which might be discovered there—I then detached Col. Gansevoort with 100 Men to albany to forward the baggage of the York regiments to the main army, & to take with him such Soldiers as were at that place—I directed him to destroy the lower mohawk Castle in his route, and capture the Inhabitants, consisting only of Six or seven families who are constantly employed in giving intelligence to the enemy, and in supporting their scouting parties, when making incursions on our frontiers. When the Mohawks joined the Enemy, those few families were undoubtedly left, to answer those purposes; and to keep possession of their Lands. The upper Castle now inhabited by Orescoes, our Friends, he was directed not [to] disturb. With him, I sent Mr Dean, who bore my answer to the Oneidas. I then detached Col. Butler with 600 men to destroy the Cayuga Country, and with him, sent all the Indian Warriors, who said, if they could find the Cayugas, they would endeavour to persuade them to deliver themselves up as prisoners. The chief of them called Pigathlawance being a near relation to the Sachem. I then crossed the Seneca river, & detached Col. Dearborne to the West side of the Cayuga Lake, to destroy all the settlements which might be found there and to intercept the Cayugas if they attempted to escape Colonel Butler, the residue of the army passing on between the Lakes towards Catherines. Col. Dearborne burnt in his route six Towns including one which had been before partly destroyed by a small party—destroying at the same time large quantity’s of Corn—He took an Indian lad and 3 Women prisoners—one of the Women being very antient and the lad a cripple, He left them and brought on the other two, and joined the army on the evening of the 26th Col. Cortland was then detached with 500 Men up the Tioga branch to seek for settlements in that quarter and in the space of two days destroyed several fields of corn & burnt several houses—Col. Butler joined the army on the 28th whereby a compleat junction was formed at Canaughwallahalley on the 29th day after our leaving New Town, here we were met by a plenty of Provisions from Tioga which I had previously directed to be sent on—Col.

Butler destroyed in the Cayuga Country five principal Towns and a number of scattering Towns, the whole making about 100 in number exceedingly large & well built—He also destroyed 200 Acres of excellent corn with a number of orchards one of which had in it 1500 fruit Trees—another Indian settlement was discovered near new Town (by a party) consisting of 39 new houses which was also destroyed. The number of Towns destroyed by this army amounts to 40 besides scattering houses—the quantity of Corn destroyed at a moderate computation must amount to 160,000 Bushls with a vast quantity of vegetables of every kind—Every creek & river has been traced and the whole Country explored in search of Indian settlements, & I am persuaded except one Town situated near the allegany about 57 Miles from Chenessee—there is not a single Town left in the Country of the five nations—It is with pleasure I inform your Excellency that this army has not suffered the loss of 40 men in action or otherwise since my taking the command, tho’ perhaps few Troops have experienced a more fatigueing Campaign—Besides the difficulties which naturally attend marching through an Enemy’s Country abounding in Woods, Creeks, rivers mountains, Morasses and defiles, we found no small inconvenience from the want of proper Guides, and the maps of the Country are so exceedingly erroneous that they serve not to enlighten but to perplex. We had not a single person who was sufficiently acquainted with the Country to conduct a party out of the Indian path by day or scarcely in it by night though they were the best I could possibly procure—Their ignora[n]ce doubtless arose from the Indians ever having taken the best measures in their power to prevent their Countrys being explored—We had much labor in clearing out roads for the artillery notwithstanding which, the army moved from 12 to 16 miles every day, when not detained by rains, or employed in destroying settlements—I feel my self much indebted to the Officers of every rank for their unparalled exertions, and to the Soldiers for the unshaken firmness, with which they endured the toils and difficulties attending the expedition. Though I had it not in command, I should have ventured to have paid Niagara a visit, had I been supplied with fifteen days provision, in addition to what I had, which I am persuaded from the bravery & ardor of our Troops, would have fallen into our hands. I forgot to mention that The Oneida Sachem requested me to grant them liberty to hunt in the Country of the five nations, as they would never think of setling again in a country, once subdued, and where, their settlements must ever be in our power. I in answer informed him, that I had no authority to grant such a licence, that I could not at present see reason to object to it, but advised them to make application to Congress, who I believed would in consideration of their

friendly conduct grant them every advantage of this kind that would not interfere with our settlement of the Country, which I believed would soon take place. The oneidas say, that as no Indians were discovered by Col. Butler at Cayuga, they are of opinion they are gone to their Castle, and, that their chiefs will persuade them, to come in and surrender themselves on the terms I have proposed—The army began its march from Connawallahalley yesterday, arrived here last evening—will be at Tioga this night; after giving them time to refresh, I shall move with all possible expedition to join the main army leaving a Garrison at Wyoming. Your Excellency will please to excuse the length of this letter, as, I thought best, to give you a particular account of the progress of this army, since its leaving Newtown—I flatter myself, that the orders with which your Excellency was pleased to honor me, are fully executed, & I hope, that the manner of carrying them into execution, will meet with the approbation of your Excellency and that of Congress—I trust, that the steps I have taken with respect to the Oneidas, Cayugas & mohawks will prove satisfactory. The promise made to the Soldiers in my address at New Town, I hope will be deemed reasonable, & flatter myself Congress will order its due performance—I have the honor to be with the most lively sentiments of esteem & respect Dr General Yr Excellency’s Obet hum. Servt

          Jno. Sullivan

          P.s. Since I left Tioga I have been honored with your Excellency’s favors of the 15th and 24th of August also those of the 3d & 15th insts. which I should have acknowledged the receipt of had not my ill state of health which has continued through the campaign and the constant fatigue and the difficulty of forwarding Expresses prevented—that of the 15th inst. reached me the 26th—I am happy to find that your wishes therein expressed were anticipated as there is not at this time even the appearance of an Indian on this side the Chenessee and I believe there is not one on this side Niaga, nor is there any kind of sustenance left for them in this Country.

            J.S.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Anthony Wayne, 28 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Wayne, Anthony

          Dear Sir
          Head Quarters [West Point] 28 Sepr 1779.

        I do not at present see any objection to your taking the position you mention in yours of this morning, but I cannot undertake to determine fully, untill I have received a Report from Generals Knox and Du portail of their reconnoitering yesterday.
        If you are not engaged tomorrow I shall expect the pleasure of your Company at dinner when we will settle the above. I am with great Regard Dear Sir Your most obt Servt

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier Generals William Woodford and Peter Muhlenberg, 28 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Woodford, William,Muhlenberg, Peter

          Gentlemen
          West point Sepr 28. 1779

        I request that you will inform me by the first opportunity—upon what terms the Officers went, who took charge of the Re-inlisted Men to Virginia in the Winter. There have been several Accounts presented in consequence for three Dollars a day for the whole time the Officers were absent. My idea was that only such Officers as were desirous of going to see their Friends—were appointed; that the measure was rather considered in the light of an indulgence—than a command—and that the public at any rate would not pay for more than the days they were going & returning. Lts Crittenden & Fox from the Light Infantry were here yesterday—with their Accounts for the whole time they were absent—and I have understood there are several Others with similar claims. I am Gentlemen with great regard Yr Most Obedt servant

          G. Washington

          P.S. I have just received the Arrangement of the Virginia line on the 23d Instant—which I shall transmit to the Board of War—and request Commissions where they are wanted. From the Representation of the Board it was only an act of justice to derange Captn Israel of the 4th Regiment. I have done it accordingly and Capn Lieut. Curry will be appointed to his Company to rank from the 23d Inst.—& Lieut. Lovely will be promoted in his place as Capn Lieut. I wish you to call upon the absent Officers—not employed with Genl Scott, in the most pointed & peremptory terms to rejoin their Corps immediately—their conduct is insufferable.


Title: From George Washington to John Beatty, 29 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Beatty, John

          Sir
          Hd Qrs West-point 29 Sepr 1779

        From the particular circumstances of Capn Campble’s case I have been induced to permit his remaining on parole with his friends. You will therefore in your first intercourse with the British Commissary of prisoners send in an officer of theirs of the same rank which Mr Campble held when taken by them—adjusting the transaction in the usual manner.

        Mr Hogland being a violator of parole—is to be sent in by the first opportunity. I am &

          G.W.


Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 29 September 1779
From: Clinton, George
To: Washington, George

          Dear Sir,
          Poukeepsie [N.Y.] 29th September 1779.

        I am this Moment favoured with your Excellency’s Letter of the 27th Instant; shoud the Event which your Excellency has pleased to intimate take Place, you may rely on every aid in the Power of this State to afford for a vigorous Cooperation with our Allies. In the Mean Time I woud wish to be informed of the Number of Men your Excellency may think it necessary for this State to furnish as by this I will the better [be] able to form the proper Arrangements for this Service. I am with the most perfect Esteem & Respect your most Obed’t Serv’t

          G.C.


Title: To George Washington from General Henry Clinton, 29 September 1779
From: Clinton, Henry
To: Washington, George

          Sir
          New York, Septr 29th 1779.

        Upon receiving Your Letter of the 14th Ultimo, I transmitted the papers that accompanied it to His Excellency Lieut. General

Knyphausen, who has sent me Col: Wurmb’s answer thereto; and in justice to that Gentleman, who is an Officer of distinguished merit, I have the honor to enclose the same, together with a translation thereof, for your perusal, by which You will perceive that his conduct has been much misrepresented. I have the honor to be Your Excellency’s Most obedt humble Servt

          H. Clinton


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 29 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

          Sir
          Head Quarters West point 29th Sepr 1779

        I have been favd with yours of the 9th and 17th instants. The former, inclosing Copy of a letter from Lt Edwards respecting the Commissary of prisoners department—A representation from Colo. Webbs Officers on the subject of their Commissions—and extract of a letter from Colo. Chase D.Q.M.G. at Boston. The latter, containing Copy of a letter from the Officers captured in the Sandwich packet.
        Mr Beatty, Commy General of prisoners, goes in a few days to the Eastward, when he tells me he will thoroughly inspect and rectify any irregularities in his department in that quarter.
        I have sent Colo. Webb, who is at present at Weathersfeild, the Commissions, for his Regiment. There have been many circumstances to retard issuing Commissions for that Regiment and other Corps. Their case is not peculiar, as many Officers in the line, from the difficulty of compleating the arrangements, have been the whole time of their service without Commissions.
        It is impossible for me to give any opinion upon the propriety of apprehending Myres. He must stand or fall upon the general tenor of his conduct, since his residence in Boston, which, you say, appears, by a representation of many respectable people, in a favorable light.
        I see no objection to granting the general request of the Officers captured in the packet, to remain at Cambridge till exchanged; if there is, in your opinion, no impropriety in it. But so much reluctance hath lately been shewn, by Sir Henry Clinton, to make either partial parole—or final Exchanges, and so many embarrassments thrown in the way of all our late endeavours to establish a Cartel upon liberal principles, that I cannot consent to Major Gardener’s going into New

York, except, he can previously obtain a promise, from the British Commander in Chief, to send out such Officer of equal Rank upon parole, if he cannot effect a final Exchange, as we shall call for. I am with great Respect Sir Your most obt Servt

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 29 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

          Dear Sir
          Head Quarters [West Point] 29th Sepr 1779.

        I have been favd with yours of this date inclosing a representation of the Subs of the 3d Connecticut Regt against Mr Pomeroys holding his Commission subsequent to his appointment of Auditor for settling the deficiencies of Cloathing for 1777.
        General Parsons represented the same matter to me the 1st Augt last to which I gave the following answer. “If Mr Pomeroy has accepted the appointment you mention he cannot hold his Rank in the Line, but must be considered as discharged from the service. He ought first however to produce the proper Certificates of his having settled his accounts in the Regt.” My sentiments are still the same and I think his successor ought immediately to apply to the State for promotion in the manner lately pointed out in General Orders. I am Dr Sir Your most obt Servt

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 29 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

          Dear Sir
          Head Quarters [West Point] 29th Sepr 1779

        General Du portail proposes to reconnoitre the Enemy’s situation upon Verplanks point tomorrow Morning. He will apply to you for a proper covering party and will fix the time of their being at Peekskill in the Morning. Be pleased to give orders for the party. I am Dear Sir Your most obt Servt

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 29 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

          Sir
          Head Quarters [West Point] Sepr 29th 1779

        Inclosed your Excellency will be pleased to receive a letter from the Baron De Frey of Pulaskis Regiment soliciting a furlough for France. He will explain his situation and motives and Congress will judge of the propriety of a compliance. I have the honor to be Most respectfully Your Excellency’s Obedient servant

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 29 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

          Dear Sir,
          West-point Sepr 29th 79

        You will permit me to beg your protection to the inclosed Carolina letters—Should you know of any conveyance shorter than the established Post I shall be obliged by your sending them in that line.
        We have little from this quarter to engage your attention, unless we should give you report and conjecture.
        By a Vessel in 52 days from Amsterdam to Boston, we are told that before the Captn left that place a packet had arrived from England which brought the Kings proclamation ordering the Inhabitants along the Sea-Coast to drive all their stock to a certain distance—The Captain says further, that 50,000 french Troops had landed in England—and that the combined fleets of the House of Bourbon had blocked up the English fleet in Torbay.
        The different advices we have had of Count D’Estaings having been seen in approaching our Coast, leaves us little room to doubt of its truth—By a Vessel arrived at Dartmouth he was spoke with to the Northward of Burmuda—but so much time has elapsed since, that one would suppose he has passed us for Hallifax. Imbarkation, and fortification keep equal pace at New York, and go forward briskly. I have the honor to be with the most perfect esteem & regard Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt & Affecte Hble Servt

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Stirling, 29 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)

          My Lord—
          [29 Sept. 1779]

        General Wayne the better to cover the country in the vicinity of Stoney point and to confine the enemy within their works, has my permission to take a post in that vicinity. Haverstraw Forge has been more particularly mentioned—As I think this position is not intirely without danger, I wish your lordship to advance a corps of troops to some intermediate point between Suffrans and the forge which shall be judged best calculated to cover the right of the infantry and support it in case of necessity—The cavalry under Col. Washington may be usefully employed in whole or in part for your mutual security and you will be pleased to make a disposition of it accordingly, as the state of forage may permit—I have directed General Wayne to see your lordship and concert a plan for mutual support. I am with great esteem Your Lordships Obedient servt.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 29 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Wayne, Anthony

          Dr Sir
          Head Quarters West-point 29th Sepr 1779.

        It is agreeable to me that you should move with the light corps to the vicinity of Stoney-point on the principles proposed in your letter of yesterday. But as I should not be entirely without apprehensions for your security, the enemy having it in their power secretely to reinforce their garrison, and make an attempt upon you—I shall write to Lord Stirling, directing him in some measure to co-operate with you, by advancing some troops towards your right flank; and as there is a regiment of cavalry about Paramus, it may be employed wholly, or in part, with you (if forage can be procured) as may be agreed between his Lordship and yourself.
        You will apply to the quarter master General to furnish you with the number of waggons you stand in need of.

        In your new situation you cannot possibly be too vigilant, as you will be somewhat exposed, and the enemy will no doubt have every disposition to retaliate the affront you gave them at Stoney-point.
        You will always be ready to move at the shortest notice, whatever way the exigency of the service may require. You will see Lord Stirling and concert with him a plan for mutual support. I am Dr Sir Your most obt servt

          Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 30 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Moore’s House [West Point]Thursday Septr 30th 1779.
          Parole Evesham—  C. Signs Fish-Kill. Goshen.


Title: From George Washington to George Geddes, 30 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Geddes, George

          Sir
          West-point Sepr 30th 79.

        Your obliging favor of the 22d Instt accompanying the present of a pair of very elegant Pistols came to my hands yesterday. accept Sir my thanks for this testimony of your polite attention—and be assured that I am Yr Most Obedt & obliged Servt

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major Samuel Hayes, 30 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Hayes, Samuel

          Sir
          Hd Qrs West-point 30th Sepr 1779.

        I have been duly handed your favor of the 27th with the intelligence which it covered.
        Major Lee of the Light dragoons is placed at English Town in Monmouth County to answer a particular purpose which I have in view at pres[e]nt. It is necessary that he should till my further orders be furnished as soon as possible with the copy of the information as you may obtain of the enemy’s embarkations or movements. You will therefore at the same time you make a communication of such matters to me—dispatch a messenger to Major Lee with a duplicate. I am, sir Your.

          P.S. please to forward the inclosed letter to Major Lee.


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Phillips, 30 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Phillips, William

          Sir,
          Hd Qurs West-point 30th Septr 1779

        I was honoured with your letter of the 21st yesterday. I am sorry that the business to which it principally relates is likely to be retarded by some obstacles that have been unnecessarily thrown in the way. Mr Skinner Depy Comy of Prisoners—who is charged with this letter will inform you what these are. There is nothing I more sincerely desire than to see them removed, and every other impediment to an easy and regular exchange of prisoners—But this cannot be the case, until the relief of captivity becomes on both sides the primary and prevailing motive of all transactions in this line. I have the honor to be Sir Your most Obedient and very humble servant

          G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Phillips, 30 September 1779
From: Phillips, William
To: Washington, George

          Sir.
          Elizabeth Town [N.J.] Septr 30th 1779

        I take the opportunity of Mr Commissary Mersereau’s Express to inform you, Sir, that Major General De Riedesel and myself with our respective families are arrived at this place.
        To my great surprise I have received notice that we are to be detained and not suffered to go into New York agreeable to the tenour of the agreement settled, as I suppose, between Your Excellency and Sir Henry Clinton and we move directly from Elizabeth Town.
        I cannot express my feelings on this Event, and acknowledge I did not expect to be thus made to Journey through the Country under the expectation of receiving by your permission and participation, in which I am at last disappointed, a similar indulgence to what has been granted for some Months to Brigadier General Thomson and Colonel McGaw who are the officers, as I understand, opposed to me in the Parole Exchange as approved of by Sir Henry Clinton and Your Excellency.
        I do not allow of any Conduct of mine or Major General De Riedesel deserving this treatment and I am to hope, Sir, from your known Candour, and Honour an Explanation. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your Excellency’s most obedient and most humble Servant

          W. Phillips


Title: From George Washington to Major General Stirling, 30 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)

          My Lord,
          West-point Sep. 30th 79

        I have received your lordships favour of the 28th with the enclosed letter from Governor Livingston on the subject of Lady Mary’s visit to her friends—The reference of this letter to me, I can consider in no other light than a renewal of the first application; and I beg leave to assure your lordship that the necessity in which I feel myself of not complying with your wishes, is to me as painful as a disappointment in an affair of such interesting delicacy can be to you—But a part of the motives which influences the Governors denial imposes a similar restraint upon me. I have uniformly declined giving permissions of the kind for three reasons: the difficulty of discriminating the cases which will justify them from those which will not and of course the danger of giving disgust where I should not wish to do it and incurring a charge of partiality—the popular clamour and jealousy which attend all intercourse of this kind, even on the most innocent and unexceptionable principles—and lastly an opinion that such permissions from me would be inconsistent with the spirit though not the letter of the resolutions of Congress—The reservation of authority to me in these cases was necessary for military purposes and no doubt meant to be confined to them—When the motives for the intercourse are purely private or domestic, it appears to me to have been evidently the intention of Congress, to refer the determination to the civil authority.
        These considerations have all along governed my conduct and among other numerous instances induced me to deny a request from Miss Livingston last fall, for Miss Brown and some other ladies in New York to be permitted to make a visit to their relations in Jersey. I need not urge to your Lordship the obligations to consistency nor express how distressing to my feelings it is to make them bend to the rigid policy which the temper of the times exacts. To press the apology further would imply a distrust of your lordships confidence in my friendship, which I am persuaded would be doing you an injustice. I am with the greatest esteem & regard Yr Lordships Most Obedt ser.


Title: To George Washington from Major Benjamin Tallmadge, 30 September 1779
From: Tallmadge, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

          Sir
          Canaan [Conn.] Septr 30th 1779

        Immediately after the Rect of your Excellency’s favour containing instructions to fill up our Regt in the Absence of Col. Sheldon, who was then on Commd, I furnished the Officers with Recruiting orders agreeable to the tenor of your own. The nature of our Duty on this Post has been such that no Officers have been sent out of Camp on the Recruiting Service; Nevertheless as we have occasionally fallen in with Detachments of Militia & Men Draughted for short Periods, the Officers have enlisted some, as was my Conjecture when I first wrote your Excellency on the Subject. In addition to these, I have this day recd 8 Recruits from an Officer who has been sick in the Country. I still am of the opinion that so long as the Draughts from the Militia continue in these parts we may, by proper attention, considerably augment the Regt.
        As Col. Sheldon has leave of Absence from the Regt for a little time, he desired me to write your Excellency, & beg that you would order about 8. or 10.000 Dollars Specie for the Recruiting service of the Regt—We have hitherto paid out our own money in this Service, as the Col. was unwilling to ask for any Considerable Sum ’till we had made the Experiment, which would the better warrant our Request.
        The Bearer Mr Helmerhausen F.M. to our Regt I can recommend as an honest Man, & could wish the money might be forwarded by him—The constant Duty on which the Officers of the Regt are needed, & there being but few at this post, must excuse me for not sending an Com. Officer to Hd Qrs for the money. I am &c.

          B.T.


Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 30 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.

          Sir
          Head Quarters West point Sep. 30 1779

        I had yesterday afternoon the honor to receive Your Excellency’s Letter of the 24th—inclosing the Memorial of Peter Griffing and Jonathan Veal. Whenever it is in my power, I shall be happy to comply with Your Excellency’s wishes and recommendation; but in the present instance it is not. The irregularities and injuries which have been committed against the Inhabitants of Long Island and of Other places in the possession of the Enemy, by persons who professed to have no other views than these Men profess, as Your Excellency observes, have been exceedingly great; and I do not believe it will be possible to prevent a repetition of them, but by wholly discontinuing & prohibiting the business in the manner Your Excellency has already done—or that any line of discrimination can be established. But however this might be, I have no alternative in the case; Congress having by their Act of the 22d of June enjoined it in a particular manner, on all the Officers of the Army to use their exertions to prevent parties from going to Long Island or Other places in the possession of the Enemy under the idea of seizing or destroying Tory property. The distinction between Whig & Tory—Friend & Foe—is so easy to set up—especially where it is the interest of such parties to do it—that even many of our best & fast friends, under the pretext of their being of the latter sort, have had their property wrested from them in the most unjustifiable—cruel & impolitic manner. This as I have observed has been the case; but I would not by any means have it understood, that I suspect Mr Griffing and Veal to have committed or abetted in the smallest degree any thing of the kind. If they had & Your Excellency had had the most distant idea of it—I am certain they would at least, have met with the severest reproof—and that you would have been among the last to interest Yourself in their present solicitations.
        By reports from New York—the British Grenadiers & Light Infantry and the 7 Regiment are said to have sailed from the Hook on the 25th in the Afternoon, under the command of Lord Cornwallis—and the Reports add, that a second Division rather larger, was embarking & to follow. Their destination not known, but supposed to be Southward.

A number of provision and Store Ships lately arrived, and also said to have fallen down without breaking bulk, to sail with the Troops.
        I received last night a South Carolina paper of the 8th Instant, by which it appears, that an Officer of Count D’Estaing’s had arrived at Charles Town with dispatches, announcing that the Count & His fleet were near that Coast. I flatter myself our next advices from thence, will inform us, that his Excellency has struck some important and interesting stroke against the Enemy in the Southern Quarter. I have the Honor to be with great regard & esteem Yr Excellency’s most Obed. sert

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 30 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Wayne, Anthony

          Dr Sir
          Head Quarters [West Point] Septr 30th 1779

        I have just received your letter requesting the addition of two more light field pieces—I have not the least objection to it, and will give Genl Knox directions to have them sent to you.
        The guard boats that are under your direction you will be pleased to mention to Genl Putnam, who will keep them employed in the same service—The Whale Boats & others, you will have delivered to the Quartr Mastr Genl. I am Dr Sr with great regard Yr Most Obet servt

          Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 1 October 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Moore’s House [West Point]Friday October 1st 1779.
          Parole Frederick’s burgh—  C. Signs Groton. Haddam.

        A regiment from each of the Pennsylvania brigades is immediately to replace the North-Carolina brigade on Constitution Island to be employed in carrying on the works ’till further orders.
        General Putnam will take the direction of the Look-out boats down the river to be employed as heretofore for the security of this post and the different encampments.
        The officers commanding regiments will be particularly attentive to the Chimnies in their respective regiments and will see that the funnels are raised so high as to secure the Markees and Tents from damage either from fire or smoke.
        At the General Court Martial whereof Col. Bradford is President 21st ultimo—Captain Von Heer was tried—1st “For unofficer and ungentlemanlike conduct in abusing David Parks an Inhabitant of Pennsylvania and ordering said Parks’s waggoner to be whipped. 2ndly For defrauding the United States in converting two public horses to his own private property without proper authority” & acquitted of the charge of unofficer and ungentlemanlike conduct in abusing David Parks an inhabitant of Pennsylvania.
        The Court are of opinion that Captain Von Heer is guilty of ordering David Parks’s Waggoner to be whipp’d, which conduct was unofficerlike and unjustifiable being a breach of Article 5th Section 18th of the rules and articles of war; They acquit him of the 2nd charge and sentence him to be reprimanded in General orders.
        The General approves the sentence. There does not appear to have been sufficient provocation for the treatment of said Parks—but he principally blames a want of circumspection in Captain Von Heer: An officer impressed with the delicacy of his own character should avoid putting himself in a situation that exposes him to intrusion and insults; which often proceed from an ignorance of the rules of decorum & which lead to such disagreeable disputes and violences.
        At the same Court Benjamin Ballard late Assistant Commissary of Issues to General Paterson’s Brigade was tried for “Selling rum, flour, pork, hides, tallow and other Stores the property of the public without any orders or authority for so doing & contrary to the tenor of his bond and oath of office.[”]
        The Court are of opinion that he is guilty of the charges exhibited

against him being breaches of Article 1st Section 12th of the Articles of War and do sentence him to pay for (at the price they can now be purchased, to be fixed by the Commissary General of purchases and be paid to Mr Fitch D.C.G. of Issues,[)] 3 barrels of flour—8½ gallns of rum 5½ Cwts flour—4 hides—wt 216 pounds—45 pounds tallow & 10 empty hogsheads—They are further of opinion that he pay to Mr Fitch Depy Comy Genl of Issues the several sums annexed to the following articles.

            For 6 barrels flour
            56
            dollars

            1 Tierce & 3 barrels do
            122½
            do

            Onions &c.
            4
            do

            1 hogshead & 25 barrels flour
            268
            do

            4 barrels pork
            72.
            do

            ½ hogshead bread
            4
            do

            1 Tierce rice
            ¼
            do

        amounting to five hundred twenty six and ¾ dollars and to make good to the Public the damage they have sustained by his selling the articles he is found guilty of, as before specified—that he forfeit all his pay, be dismissed from the service as Commissary; that he be taken into custody & detained ’till the damage is made good in the manner directed by the Court.
        The Commander in Chief confirms the sentence & orders it to be carried into execution.
        Mr Paterson Assistant Commissary of Hides was tried at the same Court for “Giving a Pass to a soldier in the Maryland line without authority.”
        The Court are of opinion that he had no right to give the soldier a Pass, but from his candid confession of the fact and his promising not to be guilty of the like in future, the Court are of opinion that he should be released from his Arrest.
        The General confirms the opinion of the Court.
        Captain Lieutenant Varner of the 1st North-Carolina regiment was also tried at the same Court, 1st “For playing Cards repeatedly in camp contrary to general and brigade orders—2ndly For conniving at and encouraging the same practice among the soldiers to the great prejudice of good order and military discipline—3rdly For playing Cards in camp since his Arrest in contempt of orders &—4thly For breaking his Arrest.”
        The Court are of opinion that he is guilty of the charges exhibited against him except that part of the 1st charge which mentions his playing Cards “contrary to brigade orders”—The 1st and 3rd charges

being breaches of His Excellency the Commander in Chief’s orders issued the 8th of January 1778—the 2nd a breach of Article 5th Section 18th and the 4th a breach of Article 20th Section 14th of the Articles of War and they do sentence him to be cashiered.
        His Excellency the Commander in Chief confirms the sentence of the Court & orders it to take place immediately.
        The troops in future to be inspected between the 1st & 5th of each month.


Title: From George Washington to the Board of War, 1 October 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

          Gentlemen
          Head Quarters West point Octob. 1st 1779

        I have the Honor to transmit You the Arrangement of the Virginia line as corrected and newly formed on the 23d Instant—in consequence of which Sundry Commissions are wanted—occasioned by former omissions—deaths—resignations and promotions into the State Regiments. The instances in which Commissions are required are, as I understand by the Memorandum at the end of the Arrangement, where the word promoted—the d[itt]os following—& asterissks are set against the Officers Names. In other cases they have been issued. By some means or other, the Arrangement at Middle Brook was conducted upon principles different from those the Officers of the Virginia line with the approbation of the Committee of Congress had established at White plains, which produced some confusion. I have struck Captain Israel out of the 4th Regiment and made the consequent promotions, upon the Report of the Officers of his long absence. I have also charged Generals Woodford & Muhlenberg to call upon all Absent Officers, not employed with Genl Scott, in the most pointed and peremptory terms, as I had often done before, to rejoin their Corps. The irregularities mentioned to have taken place with respect to the Commissions of the Officers of the 9th Regiment

cannot be rectified at present. I return Lt Colo. Cabell’s & Major Waggoner’s Commissions—as they require to be renewed or altered in their dates. I wish it were in my power to be more particular in the causes of vacancies; but they happen frequently in such a way—that I can not ascertain them or their dates. Of such however in the different lines, as have been regularly made since the transmission of the Arrangements, I now inclose a List. I have allowed the Officers who have resigned latterly to retain their Commissions—as I found it a matter generally wished and deemed right, and have indorsed their Resignations.
        As all promotions from Captains and their Superior Officers are lineal, and their Original appointments having frequently happened on the same day—it is necessary to number their Commissions—to determine in such case, their precedence; and as by the changes which must inevitably take place by reason of resignations &c. some confusion may arise without a regular & Uniform principle is established in the case; I would submit it to the Board—whether in the instance of Captains and of Superior Officers—their Commissions had not better be numbered as new promotions arise, in Regular succession. For example—If a State has 30 Captains—Numbered 1. 2 &c. to 30—one dies—resigns &c. and a New One is appointed, his Commission might be Numbered 31 &c. and so in the instance of Field Officers. It is true, there will appear some inconsistency in Commissions bearing higher Numbers—than the real number of Officers in the line; but it will not be attended with any injury—and it is the best mode that has occurred to me, to prevent confusion, so long as the circumstance of date itself, will not be sufficient to decide the precedence which must be the case, while there remain Two or more Officers of the same rank and same appointment. And with respect to Subalterns—as they do not rise lineally, but Regimentally—their Commissions may not be Numbered, but their Regimental precedence, which with Officers of their class is most material to be adjusted, may be designated in the body of the Commission by calling them the 1. 2 &c. (no matter how high the numbers proceed) Lieut. or Ensign of the  Regiment of . If a Question of precedence between Officers of this Class, of different Regiments, or of the line at large should arise—the dates of their Commissions where dissimilar will determine it—and if not—some other mode must be recurred to. If the Board have not adopted some better principles and approve these—they can apply them to the Commissions to be issued in consequence of the Arrangement now transmitted—having regard to the numbers of those made out under the former arrangement, in the case of the Captains

and Superior Officers. I have the Honor to be with great respect & esteem Gentn Yr Most Obedt servt

          G.W.

          P.S. I forward by this conveyance a Return of Colo. Lamb’s Regiment—agreable to the Resolution of the 15 of March.


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 1 October 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

          Dr Sir,
          Head Quarters [West Point] Octor 1st 1779

        I have received your two favors of the 25th and 29th. I am obliged to your Excellency for the assurance of all the assistance in the power of this State in case of a co-operation with our allies—The degree of aid which will be necessary for this State cannot well be determined before hand—it will depend on the force of the Enemy and the state of our magazines at the moment. In the former we may every day expect material changes, as the Enemy seem to be employed in making extensive detachments—I can only in general observe, that the operation will in all probability be as prompt as possible and will require the calling out all the resources of the Neighbouring States in a speedy and decisive effort—It therefore remains with Your Excellency to determine what force the State can afford as we may expect the whole will be wanted.
        I have the pleasure to inform you that I have received advices of the arrival of Count D’Estaing on the coast of Georgia—A Charles Town Paper of the 8th Septr mentions the arrival of the Viscount De Fontanges at that place, sent express by Count D’Estaing to announce his approach—Mr Mitchell the D.Q.M.G. at Philadelphia who transmits the paper adds that Mr Gerard had received dispatches from the Count himself informing him of his intention to attack the Enemy on the 9th and that in consequence of this intelligence the Minister had deferred his departure a few days in expectation of the event—This agreeable news gives us to hope the effectual deliverance of the

Southern States and perhaps, lessens the proba[bi]lity of the Counts coming this way, but it does not intirely destroy it—We should still be preparing. With the truest respect and esteem I have the honor to be Yr Excellency’s Most Obet, servant

          Go: Washington

          The letters contained in your Excellency’s of the 25 have been forwarded.


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 1 October 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

          Dear Sir
          Head Quarters [West Point] 1st October 1779.

        You wrote to me a few days ago respecting a small guard that is kept at Litchfeild upon the military Stores there. I could not give you an answer then, as I had not seen Genl Knox. He now tells me, that there is a necessity for their remaining, more especially as he is obliged to withdraw a small detachment of Artillery who are there. Be pleased to direct the non Commissioned Officer who commands the Guard to take his orders from Mr Richards deputy Commy of Stores at Litchfeild. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt

          Go: Washington

          P.S. Will it not be better to releive the non Commd officer and send an Ensign with a small subalterns Command. A non Commd Officer is scarcely competent to the task.


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 1 October 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

          Sir,
          Head Quarters West Point Octor 1st 1779

        Major Noirmont De la Neuville who will have the honor of delivering this, has signified to me the necessity he is under from his private affairs of returning to France this Winter; and his desire to obtain from Congress a furlough for that purpose. The whole tenor of this Gentlemans conduct in the different capacities in which he has acted has been so meritorious as to give him a just title to the attention and favour of Congress. The certificates in his possession from the different officers with whom he has immediately served are ample testimonies of his zeal intelligence and bravery—He has sought every occasion of distinguishing himself which circumstances would permit; and that part of his conduct and character, which has come within my knowledge and observation has given me so favourable an impression of him, that I cannot but wish the situation of the service had afforded him more frequent opportunities of exercising those qualities of which he has given such handsome specimens—If Congress are pleased to comply with his request, and he should return to this country, his merit as modest as it is genuine will always secure him a

cordial reception from me. I have the honor to be With perfect respect your Excellencys Most Obet, servant

          Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Jefferson, 1 October 1779
From: Jefferson, Thomas
To: Washington, George

          Sir,
          Williamsburg [Va.] Oct. 1. 1779

        On receipt of your letter of August 6th during my absence the Council had the irons taken off the prisoners of war. When your advice was asked we meant it should decide with us: and upon my return to Williamsburg the matter was taken up and the enclosed advice given. A parole was formed of which the enclosed is a copy and tendered to the prisoners. They objected to that part of it which restrained them from saying any thing to the prejudice of the United States and insisted on freedom of speech. They were in consequence remanded to their confinement in the jail which must be considered as a voluntary one until they can determine with themselves to be inoffensive in word as well as deed. A flag sails hence tomorrow to New York to negociate the exchange of some prisoners. By her I have written to Genl Phillips on this subject & enclosed to him copies of the within; intending it as an answer to a letter I received from him on the subject of Governor Hamilton. I have the honour to be Sir your most obdt & most hbl. servt

          Th: Jefferson


Title: General Orders, 2 October 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Moores-House [West Point]Saturday October 2nd 1779.
          Parole Grantham—  C. Signs Harlem. Italy.

        The following are the Uniforms that have been determined for the troops of these States respectively as soon as the state of the public supplies will permit their being furnished accordingly, and in the mean time it is recommended to the Officers to endeavor to accomodate their Uniforms to this Standard, that when the men come to be supplied there may be a proper uniformity.

            New-Hampshire
            }

            Massachusetts
            Blue faced with White—

            Rhode-Island.
            Buttons and Lining White—

            Connecticutt

            New York—
            }
            Blue faced with Buff—

            New-Jersey—
            White Linings and Buttons.

            Pennsylvania
            }

            Delaware.
            Blue faced with Red—

            Maryland—
            Buttons and Linings White.

            Virginia—

            North Carolina
            }
            Blue faced with Blue— Button-holes

            South Carolina
            edged with narrow white lace or tape

            Georgia—
            Buttons and Linings White.

            }
            Blue faced with Scarlet,

             Artillery
            Scarlet Lining, Yellow

            and
            buttons—Yellow bound hats—

            Artillery
            Coats edged with narrow lace

            Artificers
            with the same.

            Light-Dragoons—
            {
            The whole Blue faced with White

            White buttons and linings.


Title: From George Washington to the Board of War, 2 October 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

          Gentlemen.
          Head Quarters West Point 2d Octobr 1779

        In mine of the 29th ulto I barely expressed our want of shoes. I did not then know the extent of our wants, or that there was not a single pair in the hands of the Cloathier at Camp to supply them. A considerable part of the Army is now returned unfit even for fatigue duty in these stony Grounds, and should circumstances require a move we must inevitably be deprived of the services of a number of Men fit for duty in every other respect but that of want of shoes. I have undertaken to write to Messrs Mehelm, Hatfeild and Starr the three Commissaries of Hydes nearest to the Army, and have pressed them to send in every pair they have upon hand and to call upon those with whom they have made Contracts to compleat the quantities for which they have agreed with the utmost expedition. I must entreat the Board to urge Mr Henry or any others more immediately under their Eye who may be engaged in this Business to exert themselves in making up and forwarding a supply to Camp.
        I cannot help thinking that there must be some mismanagement in conducting the Business, by those at present engaged in the Hide department. While the Brigadiers, thro’ the necessity of the Case, undertook to make contracts of Hides for shoes, the Brigades were not only constantly well shod, but generally had a stock on hand—Why matters should have taken a contrary turn the moment they were put

into the hands of persons who have nothing else to attend to, deserves some investigation.
        I have this moment received yours of the 28th inclosing a Resolve of the same date directing the detention of Majors General Phillips and Reidhesel and their families untill the further order of Congress. I immediately dispatched an Express to Mr Skinner deputy Commissary of prisoners at Elizabeth town desiring him to conduct those Gentlemen to Bethlehem, should they not have gone into New York previous to the orders which you inform me you had forwarded to Elizabeth town. I cannot but feel great regret that this measure was not sooner determined. I have the honor &c.


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant William Colfax, 2 October 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Colfax, William

          Sir,
          [West Point] 2d October 1779

        What Major Gibbs’s plan is—& what his present line of conduct tends to, I shall not take upon me to decide; nor shall I at this moment enquire into them—I mean to act coolly & deliberately myself, and will therefore give him an opportunity of recollecting himself. He has been guilty of a peice of disrespect; to give it no worse a term—such an one, as I much question if there is another officer in the line of the army would have practiced: & because I wou’d not suffer my orders to be trampled upon; a supercilious, & self-important conduct on his part is the consequence.
        But this by the bye—Whether you have embarked voluntarily in Majr Gibbs’s present plan of separation—which I think incumbent on me to say, is an act entirely of his own seeking—or whether you have been lead into it from an opinion that having given offence, your

company might not be altogether pleasing at my Table, I cannot undertake to say. But to remove all doubt, I am lead from a regard to my own character, & by principles of justice to yours, to inform you, that I consider you as the instrument, not the cause of disobedience to my orders, respecting the Tent. That I had not the smallest intention, nor has there been any thing said or done by me, which could be construed into a meaning, that I wished to remove you from my Table.
        When there were four Officers belonging to the guard, the number was too great to have them all there—when they were reduced to two, I refused to encrease them, because those two might always be there. and this ever since has been my design & expectation, which is now repeated to you, lest misconception, or misinformation shou’d be the cause of your present separation—After having made this explanation, I shall add, that if it is your choice to follow the Majors example, it rests altogether with yourself to do so. I am, with esteem Your friend & Servant

          G: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 2 October 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

          Sir
          West point Octob. 2d 1779

        I have the honor to transmit Your Excellency an Extract from a Letter of the 24th of last month, which I have received from Major General Gates. In Answer to his question, so far as it respects the time from which the Resolve, the subject of his Letter, is to operate; I have written him, that it operated from the time it passed: but I have not given him any opinion, with respect to the claims of the Militia, which he mentions. Congress will be pleased to determine whether they are or are not—to receive the subsistence granted by the Act, and to honor me with their decision, as it will be the rule to govern my Answer in this and in similar cases. I have the Honor to be with the greatest respect & esteem Your Excellency’s Most Obedt servant

          Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Jefferson, 2 October 1779
From: Jefferson, Thomas
To: Washington, George

          Sir,
          Williamsburg [Va.] Oct. 2. 1779.

        Just as the letter accompanying this was going off Colo. Mathews arrived on parole from New York by the way of head quarters bringing your Excellencys letter on [t]his subject with that of the British Commissary of prisoners. The subject is of great importance & I must therefore reserve myself to answer after further consideration. Were I to speak from present impressions I should say it was happy for Governor Hamilton that a final determination of his fate was formed before this new information. As the enemy have released Capt. Willing from

his irons the Executive of this State will be ind⟨uced⟩ perhaps not to alter their former opinion. But it is impossible they can be serious in attempting to bully us in this manner. We have too many of their subjects in our power & too much iron to cloathe them with & I will add too much resolution to avail ourselves of both to fear their pretended retaliation however I will do myself the honour of forwarding to your Excellency the ultimate result of council on this subject.
        In consequence of the information in the letter from the British commissary of prisoners that no officers of the Virginia line should be exchanged till Governor Hamiltons affair should be settled we have stopped our flag which was just hoisting anchor with a load of privates for N. York. I must therefore ask the favor of your Excellency to forward the enclosed by flag when an opportunity offers as I suppose Genl Phillips will be in N. York before it reaches you. I have the honour to be Sir With the greatest esteem your most obdt & most hbl. servt

          Th: Jefferson


Title: To George Washington from Juan de Miralles, 2 October 1779
From: Miralles, Don Juan de
To: Washington, George

          sir
          Philadelphia Oct. 2. 1779

        As I have received from the Havannah among other Articles, a Sea Tortoise weighing more than a 100 [pounds] (in a very good Condition) and a Quantity of Lemons; I take the Liberty of transmitting to Your Excellency the said Tortoise, and a Box containing a hundred Lemons, by the Opportunity of a Continental Waggon, which Col.

Mitchell was so good as to furnish me with. I beg Your Excellency will accept of this Trifle, as a small Acknowledgment of my gratitude, for all the favours of friendship you have honoured me with.
        By a Vessel which left the Havannah on the 9th of last month, I learn among other particulars that three Pacquets have been dispatched to acquaint me with the King my Master having declared War to that of Great Britain. None of them has as yet reached me, tho’ some were sent in the beginning of July, & the last left the Port on the 4th of August, and I really believe they are all lost or taken, They brought me several other advices, which have not been sent me by the last Vessel, from a Confidence that one at least of the others would have arrived safe.
        By a Letter from a Friend, I learn that the Governor of Louisiana, has formed the design of attacking the settlements of the Enemy in the Country of the Natchez, which Enterprize is to have been Effected by the Garrison of New Orleans, and some of Our Indian Allies, who were to leave that Town on the 4th of september last—The Declaration of the War has been postponed to this Time, in order not to alarm the Enemies too soon. I hope this Enterprize has had the desired success. Other Operations will afterwards be followed, for this Purpose a Thousand Men of regular Troops, have left the Havannah the 4th of last Month on their Way to New Orleans, and in the Course of the present Month, whilst the season is favourable, there will be sent more forces both of sea and Land to make the siege of Pensacola.
        The Governor of the Havannah has received Your Excellency’s Letter, and has desired me to assure you of his sincere Friendship.
        When Your Excellency writes to Mrs Washington I beg you will assure that Lady of my respectful sentiments for her. I beg you will accept once more of my sincere Thanks for all the favours You have honored me with, and that God may long preserve your important Life, is the unfeigned wish of, Sir, Your Excellency’s &c.

          Juan de Miralles


Title: From George Washington to Abraham Skinner, 2 October 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Skinner, Abraham

          sir
          [West Point] October the 2d 1779 5 0C. P.M.

        I have this minute received a Letter from the Board of War, accompanied by a Transcript of an Act of Congress of the 28 Ulto of which the inclosed are Copies. You will observe by these—that Generals Philips & Riedsel and the Officers with them are prevented for the present, from going into New York—and that Easton—Bethlem or Reading are mentioned by the Board as the most proper places for their Residence till the further Orders of Congress are known. Bethlem appears to me to be the best, and most convenient of the three. I request that you will accompany the Gentlemen there, and do all in your power for their accomodation. As soon as you have assisted in arranging matters you will return to Camp. I am Sir Yr Most Obedt sert

          G.W.


Title: From George Washington to George Starr, 2 October 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Starr, George

          ⟨sir⟩
          Head Quarters West Point 2d Octobr 1779.

        I am under the necessity of informing you, that there is not, at this time, a single pair of Shoes in the hands of the deputy Cloathier at

Camp, and that a considerable part of the Army is returned unfit for duty for want of them. I must therefore call upon you in the most pressing manner, to forward, immediately to Newburg, every pair that you have in your possession, and beg that you will send to all those with whom you have made Contracts, desiring them to furnish you immediately with what are ready, and requesting them to compleat their several agreements as expeditiously as possible. Let what you collect, be sent constantly forward though the quantities be ever so small, that we may endeavour to get the whole Army shod. Be pleased to let me know by Return of the Express what I may expect from you at this time, and what are your prospects between this and the setting in of Winter. Should the most fav⟨orable⟩ opportunity occur, we should lose ⟨the services⟩ of a number of Men barely for t⟨he want⟩ of Shoes. I am Sir Your most o⟨bt Servt⟩

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Steuben, 2 October 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, baron von

          Sir
          Head Qrs [West Point] Octr 2d 1779

        I have received your favour of the 29th of Sepr containing a plan for recruiting the army for the next campaign, which I have attentively considered—Many parts of it correspond exactly with my ideas and with the proposals I have made and am making to Congress—Such parts of it as are new and appear to me calculated to promote the service shall be added. I have the honor to be With much esteem Sir Your most Obedt servant

          G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Major Benjamin Tallmadge, 2 October 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Tallmadge, Benjamin

          Dear Sir
          Head Quarters West Point 2d October 1779

        I have recd yours of the 30th Sepr by Mr Helmerharsen to whom I have granted a Warrant for 5000 dollars to be accounted for by Colo. Sheldon. The State of the military Chest will not allow of a further sum at this time. When this is expended, be pleased to make a Return of the Names of the Men inlisted, and you may draw a further Sum. I am anxious to hear what effect the Count D’Estaings arrival to the southward will have upon the politics of New York, be pleased therefore to forward C—— letters or any other intelligence the momt you obtain them. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt

          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 2 October 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Wayne, Anthony

          Dear Sir,
          Head Quars West Point Octr 2d 1779

        There is one observation which I must make to you that I omitted in my last—it is, that the position of your corps and the disposition of your guards and patroles ought as much as possible to have

referrence to the security of the camp: otherwise we shall be oblig’d greatly to multiply our guards below and diminish the number of men for carrying on the works proportionably, an inconvenience I am particularly anxious to avoid. In the choice therefore of your positions, you will not extend too far to the right, that you may with the more facility dispose the guards on your left, so as to give a good degree of cover to this post. To this I must beg your particular attention. I am Dr Sir your most Obt servt

          Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 3 October 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

          Head-Quarters Moore’s House [West Point]Sunday Octr 3rd 1779.
          Parole Havannah—  C. Signs Jamestown Kingston—

        At a division Court-Martial held at Ramapough Septr 24th 1779—Mr Thornton Taylor Conductor of Military Stores to General Woodford’s brigade was tried—1st “For striking a soldier, and 2ndly For asserting and swearing to a Falsehood.”
        The Court having considered the charges the evidence and defence are of opinion that Mr Taylor is guilty of the 1st charge, being a breach of the 5th Article of the 18th Section of the Articles of War: They are further of opinion he is guilty of the 2nd charge, being a breach of the 21st Article of the 14th Section of the Articles of War and sentence him to be discharged from the service.
        The Commander in Chief utterly disapproves the sentence; The testimony brought to contradict the facts said to have been sworn to by Mr Taylor before the Regimental Court Martial is negative and inconclusive, and his own deposition before the court ought to have been produced to ascertain what he really did swear; instead of which, testimony depending on the memory of Witnesses, and in which too they are not precise or uniform, is admitted: This is contrary to that rule of reason and justice which dictates that recourse shall always be had to the highest evidence of which the nature of any case is capable and more especially in charges of so serious & heinous a kind; to say nothing of the dangerous consequences which may arise from a

practice of bringing Witnesses to trial for Perjury on slight and frivolous Grounds. Mr Taylor is released from his Arrest.