Title: The American Commissioners: A Public Announcement, 4 December 1777
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To:

Jonathan Loring Austin had ridden post haste from Nantes with his dispatches. On Thursday morning, December 4, he paused in Versailles for an hour’s sightseeing, and then at 11:30 A.M. he arrived in Passy. Rumor had preceded him, or so the story goes, and the commissioners were waiting in the courtyard. “Before he had time to alight Dr. Franklin addressed him. ‘Sir, is Philadelphia taken?’ ‘Yes sir.’ The old gentleman clasped his hands and returned to the hotel. ‘But, sir, I have greater news than that. GENERAL BURGOYNE and his whole army are prisoners of war! The effect was electrical. . . .”

The commissioners immediately faced the problem of how to publicize the news. Waiting for the Parisian press to circulate it would take time, and so would printing it themselves. They therefore composed this announcement and had it copied by hand; Austin was drafted into service. Copies went to individuals, and some were apparently passed around in the city. The result, at least according to American observers, was all that could be hoped for. Joy filled the court, said Arthur Lee, and Paris and all France; the people greeted the victory, said Temple Franklin, as if it had been their own.

4 xbre. 1777.
Courier arrivé aujourd’huy de philadelphie à Passy Chés Le Docteur franklin en 34 Jours.

Le 14. 8bre. Bourgoyne obligé de mettre bas Les Armes, 9200 hommes tués ou prisonniers.
On a apporté Les articles de La Capitulation avec Gates.
Parmi les prisonniers outre Le Général, 4 membres du parlement d’Angletterre.
On a laissé howe dans Philadelphie ou il est enfermé.
Toute Communication avec sa flotte est Coupée.
17. de ses vaisseaux qui ont voulu s’approcher sont peris ou pris.
Wazington avec Son armée, d’autres Generaux avec des corps détachés et des milices entourent la ville. Le général Gates arrive avec son armée Victorieuse pour se joindre a eux.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to John Hancock, 4 December 1777
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Hancock, John

Sir,
Passy, near Paris, Dec. 4. 1777
The Bearer of this, Mr. Holcker, is a Gentleman of excellent Character, of great Credit in this Country, and one of my particular Friends. He can give you good Information of the State of Public Affairs here. I beg leave therefore to recommend him to your Acquaintance, and to all the Civilities you usually show to Strangers of Merit, of which you will find him very deserving. If he should enter into any Contracts in the Mercantile way, the punctual Performance of his Engagements may be rely’d on, as he is a Man of Worth, Prudence and the strictest Honour. With the greatest Esteem and Respect, I am Sir, Your &c.
Honble John Hancock Esq.Recommendation of Holcker


Title: John Paul Jones to the American Commissioners, 4 December 1777
From: Jones, John Paul
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Gentlemen
Nantes Decr. 4th. 1777.
Inclosed you have copies of letters which I had the honor of writing you from Portsmouth the latter of which could not have reached your hands as I understand that the mail was destroyed. I sailed from Portsmouth the 1st. Ulto. and arrived safe in this River in the Ranger the 2d. Current having taken two brigtines from Malaga laden with Fruit for London. I ordered them for this Place or Bourdeaux. I did not meet with an Oppertunity of making a greater number of captures. My orders were not to Cruize unless I saw a fair Opportunity. I however brought too a great number of Vessels which did not appear to be English property.
I fell in with a Fleet of Ten Sail about 80 Leagues to the Westward of Ushant under a Strong Convoy, but they were kept so close together that I found it impossible, notwithstanding my endeavours, to detach some of them from the Convoy.
The Ranger wants Iron Ballast and spare sails. She is rather Crank owing to the want of the former and to her being somewhat Over-Masted. I think it will be necessary to reduce her lower Masts and her bottom is very foul. I shall loose no time but go on with the necessary Outfit in order to have her as soon as possible in order for Service. I wait your orders which I shall obey with particular pleasure. I have sundry Orders which I shall forward with the dispatches now in the hands of Mr. Williams for your perusal.

As the post is Just going I must curtail my letter. Our affairs in America I left in the most promising Situation. I have the honor to be Gentlemen your very respectful very Obedient most humble Servant
Jno P Jones

Notation: Captn. Jones Decr. 1777 Augst 30 containing a Plan for the Navy.


Title: Jonathan Williams, Jr., to the American Commissioners, 4 December 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Honorable Gentlemen
Nantes Decemr 4. 1777.
I have at present to inform you of the arrival of the Frigate Ranger Capt. Jones with the Duplicates of the Dispatches I sent you by Mr. Austin. This Ship left portsmouth the 1st of November but brings not a syllable in addition to what we have had, and as Capt. Jones tells me that his Dispatches were on board before Mr. Austin sailed, I conclude that the Expence of a Courier Express may be saved, and accordingly shall keep them a day or two in expectation of a private hand. If I am disappointed in this I shall then send off a man and horse. If you do not intend that Capt. Jones shall immediately sail I shall be glad to send my men on board of his Ship as I am afraid of uneasiness among them so little Room is there for them on board the Dolphin. Capt. Jones made two prizes in his way hither, but they are not yet arrived here.
The Chevalier de Franval and another officer who have bills from Congress on you for upwards of 12000 Livres find themselves in great distress for want of money and I rather than allow your Bill to be openly hawked about, have taken up £2400 Livres and given my own for it. I shall inclose it to M. Grand who will of Course present it to you for acceptance. I am Gentlemen most respectfully Your obedient Servant
J Williams J
The Honble The Commissioners of the United States

Addressed: The Honourable / The Commissioners of the / United States
Notation: Mr Jona Williams Nantes Decr 4 1777


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Madame Brillon, 4 [December] 1777
From: Brillon de Jouy, Anne-Louise Boivin d’Hardancourt
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Mon chér papa
Ce 4 [December 1777] a 5 h. du soir
Monsieur votre fils vient de nous apprendre les admirables nouvélles de l’amérique nous lui avons tous sauté au col, et nous voulions allér sur le champ, vous témoignér la joye inéxprimable que nous cause cet événement: il nous a dit que vous étiés fort occupé et que nous pourrions vous gésnér; nous réspéctons vos affaires; mais mon chér papa, mon coeur est trop plein, trop ému, pour pouvoir se contenir; je céde au désir éxtrême de vous écrire un mot; ce mot est que nous vous aimons tous, au plus possible; et que nous partageons votre joye au dégré ou nous vous aimons; ce mot est au nom de mon mari, de mes enfants, de nos amis: adieu je vais composér une marche de triomphe pour égayér le chemin du général burgoin et des siens, jusqu’a leur déstination;  reçevés l’hommage du respect et de l’amitié bien tendre avec lesquels j’ai l’honneur d’estre mon chér papa Votre trés humble et trés obeissante servant
D’hardancourt Brillon

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur franklin / a Passy


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to [the Chevalier de Kéralio?], 5 December 1777
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Kéralio, Agathon Guynement, chevalier de

Lord Stormont, when he sent this translation to London with a dispatch of December 6, described the recipient as Franklin’s intimate friend. We are inclined to think that friend was the Chevalier de Kéralio who has not yet appeared in our volumes but whom Franklin had certainly met either through John MacMahon at the Ecole Militaire, or the dowager duchess de Deux-Ponts. This guess is reinforced by an undated note from Kéralio (APS) thanking BF and WTF for the “nouvelles qu’ils ont bien [voulu] lui donner.”

De Passy ce vendredi 5 Xbre [1777]
Il est vrai mon cher Monsieur que nous avons reçu hier un expres de Boston dont il est parti le 31 Octobre. Il nous apporte des nouvelles authentiques de la destruction totale de l’armée du General Burgoyne qui (excepté les sauvages qui l’avoient auparavant abandonné) a eu tout le Monde tué ou pris au nombre de 10,000 et sans qu’un seul ait échappé. Le General [Gates] s’est mis immediatement en Marche avec ses Troupes pour aller joindre le General Washington qui a coupé toute communication entre l’armee du General Howe et sa flotte. Lequel general selon des apparences asses fondées aura le meme sort que le General Burgoyne. Le dernier s’est rendu avec toute son armée le 17 Octobre.
Howe etoit dans Philadelphia ou il étoit enveloppé.


Title: Conrad-Alexandre Gérard to the American Commissioners, 5 December 1777
From: Gérard, Conrad-Alexandre
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Once the news of Saratoga arrived, the French government lost no time. This polite note arranged a meeting the next day, which revealed that a turning point had come in Franco-American relations. Gérard began the interview by telling the commissioners that Maurepas and Vergennes had sent him to congratulate them and to ask for any more news they might have. But that was only the introduction. “He said as there now appeared no doubt of the ability and resolution of the states to maintain their independency, he could assure them it was wished they would reassume their former proposition of an alliance, or any new one they might have, and that it could not be done too soon; that the court of Spain must be consulted, that they might act in harmony, and prepare for war in a few months.”

A Paris Le 5 xbre 1777
M. Gerard desirant d’avoir l’Honneur de voir Messieurs Franklin, Deane et Lee Demain Matin; il prie Monsieur Deane de vouloir bien lui indiquer l’Heure qui leur sera la plus commode. Il se rendra a Passi et il seroit charmé qu’il convint a ces Messieurs que ce fut de Bonne Heure, c’est-a-dire a 9 ou 10.
M. Gerard a MM. Les Deputés


Title: John Paul Jones to the American Commissioners, 5 December 1777
From: Jones, John Paul
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Gentlemen
Nantes Decr. 5th. 1777.
I had the honor of writing to you yesterday by post under cover by Mr. Williams. I inclosed copies of two letters which I wrote you previous to my departure from Portsmouth, together with a plan which I drew up at Philadelphia on the Regulation and Equipment of our infant Navy. I now inclose you a letter which I had the honor to receive in charge from the Secret Committee in May last. My then orders were to deliver it into your own hands, but as Mr. Williams assures me that he will send it by an Opportunity altogether certain and as I think my presence here is necessary for a few days until the Equipment &ca. of the Ranger is fairly begun I have taken the liberty of putting the letter into his care.
I am here, ready to receive and to pay cheerful and prompt Obedience to your Orders. It is my first and favorite Wish to be Employed in Active and Enterprizing services where there is a prospect of rendering Acceptable services to America. The singular Honor which Congress hath done me by their generous acknowledgements of my past services hath inspired me with sentiments of Gratitude which I shall carry with me to my Grave, and if a life of services devoted to America can be made instrumental in secureing its Independence I shall regard the continuance of such Approbation as an honor far superiour to what Kings ever could bestow.
I am ready to lay before you any Orders which I have received from Congress. At present I take the liberty of inclosing for your inspection a very honorable and unexpected Appointment which I received in Feberuary last the intention whereof was rendered abortive by the Jealosy of the then Commodore Hopkins.
I have always since we have had Ships of War been persuaded that small squadrons could be employed to far better Advantage on private expeditions and would distress the Enemy infinitly more than the same force could do by cruising either Jointly or Seperately. Were strict Secrecy observed on our part, the Enemy have many important places in such a defenceless Situation that they might be effectually Surprised and attacked with no very considerable Force. We cannot yet Fight their Navy as their numbers and Force is so far Superiour to ours; therefore it seems to be our most natural Province to surprize their defenceless places and thereby divide their attention and draw it off from our Coasts. But you see that my honorable Correspondent is, and I know that many others are, of the same opinion. I wish for opportunities to testify with how much respect I have the honor to be Gentlemen Your very Obedient and very humble Servant
The Honble B. Franklin, S. Deane and A. Lee Esqrs

Notation: Nantes 5th Decr. 1777. To the Honble. B. Franklin S. Deane, and A Lee Esqrs. Paris.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Vicomtesse de Faudoas, 5 December 1777
From: Faudoas, —— Boulainvilliers, vicomtesse de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Ce 5 xbre 1777
Permettés, Monsieur, que la Personne du monde qui vous est le plus attachée vous dise combien elle partage la satisfaction que vous eprouvés dans ce moment cy. J’aurois bien desirés me joindre à mes parents pour vous faire mon compliment. Recevés le Monsieur et mes regrets de ne pouvoir Vous reiterrer moy même les sentimens que je vous ay voué pour toujours et avec lesquel j’ay l’honneur d’estre Monsieur, votre très humble et très obeissante servante
Boulainvilliers VICOMTESSE DE FAUDOAS

Permettés Monsieur que M De faudoas vous fasse agréer son compliment

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Le docteur francklin / A Passy


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from [Barbeu-Dubourg], [5 December? 1777]
From: Barbeu-Dubourg, Jacques
To: Franklin, Benjamin

[December 5?, 1777]
En attendant que j’aille vous faire mon sincere compliment sur vos succes, ce que je compte faire demain, Mon cher Maitre, voicy une Ode que je suis chargé de vous presenter, et ensuite l’auteur, qui est M. Courtney Melmoth Ami du Dr. Lettsom.

Notation: Du Bourg sans datte


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Paul Jones, 5 December 1777
From: Jones, John Paul
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honored Sir
Nantes Decr. 5th. 1777.
I take the liberty of inclosing two introductory letters Addressed to you in behalf of my Lieutenant, who since his embarkation into the service in July last under my Command hath behaved with becoming dilligence and Attention to duty. Should I have the honor of being called to Paris or should any Alteration immediatly take Place in my Command I shall have an Opportunity of giving you further information on this head. Meantime I am with Profound respect Honored Sir Your most Obedient very humble Servant
Jno P Jones
The Honorable B. Franklin Esqr.

Notation: J.P Jones Nantes Decr 5. 1777.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jean-Baptiste Le Roy, 5 December 1777
From: Le Roy, Jean-Baptiste
To: Franklin, Benjamin

My Dear friend
Paris, December Friday the 5th [1777]
Pray be so good to lett me know whether or no you have received authentical News last Tuesday from america or any news at all talking of a battle between Genel. Washington and Genl. Howe. A Gentleman told me yesterday that a friend of his homme digne de foi told him that being at Passy two Days ago he was by you when you received News from america of a battle and that your good Heart and natural feelings made you weep on hearing of so many persons Slained. But notwithstanding that gentleman’s being homme digne de foi I doubt much of that piece of news but as great many People know here my Connexions with you of which I ame Proud they teaze me with questions about those News from america. Pray then be so obliging as to lett me have a word about it. I ame Sure Mr. Franklin your grand-son will be so kind, as to do it for me, as to avoid you the trouble of writing. Accept my Dear friend of my best compliments.
John Le Roy

Addressed: To / The Honourable Dr Franklin / at Passy


Title: Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais to the American Commissioners, [6 December 1777]
From: Beaumarchais, Pierre-Augustin Caron de
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

[December 6, 1777]
Je recois, Messieurs, une Lettre de Messieurs Bérard freres de Lorient qui me confirme que vous leur avez donné des ordres positifs et réitérés de vendre la cargaison de l’amphitrite et de n’en remettre les fonds qu’à vous seuls. Ma situation souffrante ne me permet pas d’entrer dans de grands détails, mais cette cargaison m’appartient et je la réclame entiere. C’est par erreur que M. Dorsiès de Charles-town vous l’adresse, et c’est par une plus grande erreur encore que vous croyez pouvoir en disposer à mon grand Dommage. M. Landgon de Boston en m’accusant la reception de mon vaisseau l’amphitrite me mande qu’il a ordre du Congrès de l’envoyer à charles-town pour m’en rapporter des retours convenables. Les munitions et marchandises dont j’ai chargé ce navire sont en elles-mêmes un des moindres objets de mes créances sur la République; lorsque j’ai fait mes offres de service et d’amitié à Mr. Deane, il m’assura que des retours qui devaient croiser mes vaisseaux m’arriveraient, sous peu de tems; voila un an passé sans qu’il me soit rien venu quoique j’aye accumulé mes avances d’argent, mes envois de toute nature et que j’aye consacré mon coeur, mes travaux, mon tems et mes forces à servir de mon mieux la republique naissante.
Quant à la phrase attribuée à Mr. Le Comte de Vergennes au sujet des munitions, artillerie et fusils lesquels j’ai payés de mes deniers, on ne me fera jamais croire, Messieurs, qu’il soit echappé à un Ministre aussi sage de dire à personne qu’il prenait ces objets sur son compte qu’il s’en entendait avec moi et que je n’en exigerais aucun payement de vous. Ces objets absolument étrangers à tout autre qu’à moi n’ont jamais eu de rapport avec le ministere que par la protection sourde que j’ai toujours réclamée pour leurs envois en Amérique et qu’on m’a trop souvent refusée ce qui m’a causé des pertes immenses.
Lors donc que je réclame la totalité de mes créances montantes à plusieurs millions dont j’ai envoyé la facture générale au Congrès, ne serait-il pas indécent qu’un premier retour aussi modique que celui que m’amène l’amphitrite me fût disputé par vous, Messieurs, surtout dans un tems où mon zèle pour la Republique et ma confiance en son honnêteté m’ont fait aller fort audelà de mes moyens et me tiennent dans le plus grand embarras? Certe, je ne le souffrirai pas.
En attendant votre réponse, Messieurs, j’ai fait arrêtter entre les mains de Messieurs Berard la Cargaison toute entiere et les ai rendus garants envers moi de la moindre distraction qui en serait faite en faveur de qui que ce soit. J’espere que vous voudrez bien leur écrire sur le champ de tenir à ma disposition ou cette cargaison, ou l’argent de sa vente, dont je donnerai quittance à compte de ce qui m’est dû; et ne point insister sur les ordres précedens que vous leur avez donnés durant mon absence: car je ne vous ferai pas l’injure de craindre que pendant que les armées du Congrès traitent si généreusement ses ennemis en amérique, ses Deputés en france soient tentés de faire une injustice criante à l’homme le plus dévoué aux intérêts de la Republique. Je prie M. Deane de m’envoyer au plustôt votre réponse et suis, Messieurs, etc. etc.


Title: Jonathan Williams, Jr., to the American Commissioners, 6 December 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Honorable Gentlemen
Nantes 6 Decr. 1777
I have kept the Duplicates of the Dispatches to this Time in Expectation of a private Hand, that failing I am now obliged to send a Man on purpose, but in the least expensive way. If you have no further commands for him please to discharge him directly; he is not to return Post unless you order him so to do.
The minister lately sent orders to stop the Lion, after that, orders came to allow but a certain number of men to each Ship, and now to compleat our ruin, Orders have arrived at the Commissarys, that the french merchant who fits out Ships for the french Islands shall give security at the Office that they shall go directly thither . . . and the Captains and Crews shall return to France, in failure of which he is to answer in his proper Person. This stops every Expedition that is now preparing as french Property for america as neither M. Peltier nor any other frenchman will subject himself to the penalty. I presume that the late good news from america and the present prosperous State of our military affairs will operate to obtain from ministry a repeal of these orders, in expectation of which I shall go on loading the Ships, which are continualy taking in, but if you cannot obtain an alteration in these orders, we shall not be able to dispatch any of them. I therefore hope that the present moment of our prosperity will be employed to procure a permision to sail, for we are already much too far advanced in the Season.
You have never recalled your orders to me relating to the management of the Ships of War Prizes &c. I was therefore on the arrival of the Ranger at a loss how to act. I will never disobey your Directions and yet I wish to avoid disputes, which can do no good, and may do hurt to our affairs; in this Situation Mr. Ross undertook to settle the matter between Mr. Morris and myself and desired him to empower me by Letter to act. Mr. Morris spoke to me about it himself, and expressed his wish, for a good understanding between us. I told him I desired to preserve it, and wished only to do my Duty to you and the public. He then wrote me a Letter by which he gives me the management of concerns in future in the manner he has hitherto done to Messrs. G. and P. I in answer accept it, requiring him to furnish me from Time to Time with the necessary Funds. These we shall no doubt be obliged to apply to you for, over and above what we may be able to get out of the hands of the above mentioned House, and the proceeds of prizes; one arrived to day, a small Brig with Lemons Raisins and 11 quarter Cask of Wine, which we have run off at 12500 Livres; this is as much as I expected to get for her. The Frigate will want many supplies, and must have them from some where, it was therefore necessary that some steps should be taken, and let who will transact the Business I suppose the money must in the end be paid by you. My Object therefore in consenting to this arrangement, was only that the public Business should not suffer, and by it I comply with your orders without opposing any one. I do not wish to interfere in the matter; nor is it my desire to make any private advantages. I only strive to do my Duty without any disagreeable altercation, but if you see any impropriety in this piece of Conduct, I beg you will signify it and I will act agreeable to your orders only: I flatter myself however you will not disapprove of the measure, or, if you do you will kindly allow my Intentions to have been good and point out my Error. I have the honour to be with the greatest Respect Your most obedient Servant
J Williams J
The Honble Commrs of the United States

Notation: Jon Williams Nantes 6 Decr 1777


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jno. Hammond, 6 December 1777
From: Hammond, Joseph
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honoured Sur,
St. Malo Decr. th 6. 1777.
I think there is no person, to whom I might apply to for Redress, Like as a person that is not acting not only for the Good of the publick, but also for the Good of the Common welth. I am Sorrow to trouble you nor neither Should I, had not my present Situation Required it. I am Sorrow to have occation of writing to you, in Respect to the marchant, with whom I am Concern’d. The Marchant with whom I Engag’d in paris when I Engag’d knew that I was in want of Cloths [Clothes], and thereupon promis’d to Supply me with money to Cloth myself, which the marchant hear at St. Malo fully Denys. Mr. Anderson that Came with me, has behaved himself very much out of Carrecter in going away, which is the Occation of all this, but it is very well known that a person Cannot Go to Sea without Cloths. If they will pay me up from the time of my Engagment and Give me two months advance I Shall be able to Cloth myself, therefore I humbly beg the favor of you to write to Mr. du parny, and till him that I Cannot go to Sea without Cloths and I only beg the faveor that he would pay me up and advance me two month pay. Therefore my dear Sur I hope you will do me this faveor and write me an answer according to his, and write to the Care of Mr. Desagru [Desegray]. I have not any thing to write in perticuler more only with wishing your Helth I am Sur your most Humble Sarvant.
Jno. Hammond

Addressed: To / Dr. Frankling / att / Paris
Notation: Jn Hammond


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Charles-François Le Brun, 6 December 1777
From: Le Brun, Charles-François
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Paris rüe pierre sarrazin ce 6 Xbre 1777.
When I deliver’d to you on Sunday Last the Letter of messrs. Delagoanere & Co. of Corunna I observed to you that they were very uneasy on account of one of your Letters which was missing because they Supposed it might have been intercepted. You approved of their idea of having your answers transmitted to them under my cover that they could go Safe and unsuspected. Consequently I understood that you were to Send me your paket on moonday Last. I am somewhat uneasy on account of your silence, and should be very Sorry could messrs. delagoanere doubt either my diligence or fidelity in executing their Commission. I beg you’ll be so Kind as to let me Know if you’ve deffer’d to write or if you have writen directly.
Permit me to rejoice with you at the good piece of news which I hear to be countenanced by your authority. I am Sir Your most humble obedient Servant.
Le Brun

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur franklyn / a Passy.
Notation: Le Brun 6 Decr. 77. Paris


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 6 December 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear and honored Sir
Nantes, Decr. 6: 1777.
I have received your Favour of the 30th Ultimo and am glad the Bill is accepted. I imagine the Words added are not of much consequence, if the Customs here are as they are in England. I have in consequence given an order to Bilboa to supply Babson taking care however not to exceed what the Balance in my hands may be. I shall be able to judge of M. Montaudouins proposition when he returns hither. I thank you for sending another Bill to Mrs. Stevenson, the delay has made me uneasy fearing the good old Lady might think me unfaithfull.
Mr. W. Lee wrote me last post and mentioned my having received a Sum on Account of these Vessells which seems to be known. I wrote in answer denying having received any not knowing at that time that the Bill was accepted, when you meet him please to prevent his thinking me capable of a falsehood. My Love to Billy. I am very respectfuly Your dutifull and affectionate Kinsman
J Williams J

[In the margin:] A Pipe of Lisbon or rather sherry wine is on the way for you addressed to M. Chaumont. I have charged it to the Commrs. but if divided into 4 Quarter Casks there will be one for each including M. Chaumont if you think proper.

Notation: Letters from Jonathan Williams to Doctor Franklin.


Title: The American Commissioners to Vergennes, 8 December 1777
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de

Passy, Dec. 8. 1777
The Commissioners from the Congress of the United States of America, beg leave to represent to your Excellency, that it is near a year since they had the Honour of putting into your Hands the Propositions of the Congress for a Treaty of Amity and Commerce with this Kingdom, to which, with sundry other Propositions contained in subsequent Memorials, requesting the Aid of Ships of War, and offering Engagements to unite the Forces of the said States with those of France and Spain in acting against the Dominions of Great Britain, and to make no Peace but in Conjunction with those Courts, if Britain should declare War with them; to all which they have yet received no determinate Answer; and apprehending that a Continuance of this State of Uncertainty with regard to those Propositions, together with the Reports that must soon be spread in America of rigorous Treatment met with by our Armed Ships in the Ports of these Kingdoms, may give Advantage to our Enemies in making ill Impressions on the Minds of our People, who, from the Secrecy enjoyn’d us, cannot be informed of the Friendly and essential Aids that have been so generously but privately afforded us; the Commissioners conceive that, the present Circumstances considered, the compleating such a Treaty at this Time would have the most happy Effect, in raising the Credit of the United States abroad, and strengthening their Resolutions at Home; as well as discouraging and diminishing their internal Enemies, and confirming their Friends that might otherwise waver: And the Commissioners are further of Opinion that the Aid of Ships desired might at this Juncture be employed to great Advantage in America, which when honour’d with a Conference they could more particularly explain. They therefore request your Excellency most earnestly to resume the Consideration of those Affairs, and appoint them some speedy Day of Audience thereupon.
They also pray that their grateful Acknowledgements may be presented to the King for the additional Aid of three Millions which he has been so graciously pleased to promise them; and that his Majesty may be assured whatever Engagements they may enter into in behalf of the United States, in pursuance of the full Powers they are vested with, will be executed with the most punctual Good Faith by the Congress, who believing their Interests to be the same, and that a secure Increase of the Commerce, Wealth and Strength of France and Spain will be one Consequence of their Success in this Contest, wish for nothing so much, after establishing their own Liberty, as a firm and everlasting Union with these Nations.
To his Excellency the Count de Vergennes.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ——— Goudeman, 8 December 1777
From: Goudeman, ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Paris ce 8. xbre. 1777.
Ne croyez pas que je saisisse le moment de vos succès pour vous demander une juste faveur. Il y a longtemps que j’avois prévu cette victoire, et ce n’est pas la derniere que vos Braves et Vertueux compatriotes remporteront sur leurs tirans. Mais ce n’est pas de quoi il est ici question. Un de mes amis, de Province, me prie, Monsieur, de vous adresser le mémoire cijoint. Il a cru que, connoissant Beaucoup de monde, et même plusieurs de vos Bons amis, j’aurois le Bonheur de vous approcher. J’ai lu ce mémoire, Monsieur, et je l’ai trouvé du ton de la Bonne foi. Voici, à cet égard, mon raisonnement qui me paroit bien simple. Ou les faits qu’il contient sont vrais, ou ils sont faux. Dans ce dernier cas, il mérite le plus grand mépris; mais dans l’autre . . . Je m’en rapporte à votre seule équité; elle égale vos talens sublimes j’ai tout dit, et j’ose attendre une réponse prompte, laconique et décisive. Je suis avec autant d’admiration que de respect, Monsieur Vôtre très humble et très obéissant serviteur
Goudeman
chez Mr. mouton rüe maubuée

Endorsed: Goudeman, Paris 8 xb. 77


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Catherine Macaulay, 8 December 1777
From: Macaulay, Catherine
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
L’Hotel de Treville Rue Tournon Dec. 8: 1777
I have some affaires which demand my immediat return to England. You are very sensible that the suspenssion of the Habeas Corpus Act subjects me to an immediat imprisonment on any suspicion of my having held a correspondence with your Countrymen on this side the Water. This Sir is the only reason why I did not fix a day to have the honor of seeing you at my own Hotel and why I have not been more forward in availing myself of my present situation to hold converse with my American friends who reside in this Capital.
I am sure Sir that you and every generous American would be exceedingly concerned to hear that my feeble constitution was totaly destroyed by a long imprisonment and to see me fall a sacrifice to the resentment of administration unpitied and unlamented as an impertinent individual who would needs make a bustle where she could not be of the smallest service and especially Sir as I hope the whole tenor of my conduct must have convinced you that I would with pleasure sacrifice my life to be of any real use to the public cause of freedom and that I am now nursing my constitution to enable me to treat largely on our fatal civil wars in the History I am now about. I am Sir with a profound respect for your great Qualities as a Statesman Patriot and Phylosopher Your Very Obedient Humble Servant.
Catherine Macaulay

Addressed: To / Dr Francklin
Notation: C Macauly


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Courtney Melmoth, [8 December? 1777]
From: Melmoth, Courtney
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Monday Morng: [December 8?, 1777]
I took the first opportunity, after my Arrival in Paris from the Country, to wait on the worthy Mr. Dubourg. He mention’d his having offer’d to your Inspection, Sir, a little hasty Ode that was addressed to you. When I avow myself the Author of that Copy of Verses, it is merely in the Hope that it may discover enough of my Heart and my Wishes to induce you to gratify the Ambition I have of telling you in Person, with how much Veneration and Sincerity I am Sir Your most obedient Servant.
Courtney Melmoth

Caffe Anglois, Chez Monsieur Le Brun Rue Jacob Fauxbourg St. Germain.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jean-Jacques Caffiéri, 9 December 1777
From: Caffiéri, Jean-Jacques
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
De Paris ce 9 Decembre 1777
Je vous prie de recevoir mes complimens de l’heureux succés de l’armé Ameriquaine qui vient de remporter une victoire complette sur les anglois; je vous en félicite. Je désire que leurs conquêtes prosperent de jour en jour pour que les treize Provinces ûnie jouissent de la liberté et de la Paix qu’elles méritent à tous Egards.
Je prie M. votre petit fils d’accepter votre Portrait comme un gage de la venération qu’inspire vos rare Mérite. Je suis bien veritablement Monsieur Votre tres humble et tres obeïssant serviteur
Caffieri

Je réitaire mes prieres pour qu’on ne laisse poin copier se Portrait d’auqune fasons, s’il se trouve quels que personne qui désire l’avoir ils non ca sa dresser a moi.

Notation: Caffieri with a Burst [Bust] as a present. 9 Dec. 1777.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Thurston, 9 December 1777
From: Thurston, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

May it Please your Excellency
London 9th Decr. 1777.
From the Knowledge I have of your Goodness, and the Small acquaintance, I was Hon’d. with by you, at Philadelphia and New York, I hope you will Excuse the freedom I take, in recommending the Bearer Mr. Fowler, who Am Certain, you’l find to be a faithfull Honest Man. I am your Excellencys Most Obliged Humble Servant
John Thurston

PS. The Bearer is pofects [perfecting?] the Art of making a Powder to Stop the Blood, which you will find by due Examination.
JT

Notation: Jn Thurston


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Goudeman, 10 December 1777
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Goudeman

Sir,
Passy Dec. 10. 1777
We consider M. Wuibert as one of our Countrymen. Hundreds of them are in the same Situation. We have propos’d to the British Court, thro’ their Ambassador here an Exchange of Prisoners in Europe. The Proposition was rejected with Insolence. We have no Interest with that Court to procure Favour. That Gentlemen may depend on our taking the same Care & Pains to procure his Liberty as for any other the most favour’d of our People. I have the honour to be Sir, Yours.
M. Goudeman

Notation: Goudeman, Paris 8 Xb. 77


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ——— Blin, 10 December 1777
From: Blin, ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
A Elbeuf Ce 10. xbre 1777
Habitant d’un Paÿs voüé depuis Longtems au commerçe et partageant avec Mes Patriottes un Interest bien permis a la deffense des vaillans americains, Il y auroit il de L’indiscretion de ma part, a vous demander, Monsieur, sur le sort de Leurs armes, des nouvelles, que nôtre Gazette nous refuse avec constançe? Elle ne produit que des Lettres de contradiction et par ce moyen nous Laisse étérnellement Languir a L’ombre de la perplexité.
Vous estes a portée d’en avoir de non suspectes et trop Juste pour les refuser a un bon francois j’en attends avec Impatiençe de L’Illustre Americain que la françe se fait gloire de posseder et suis avec un profond Respect Monsieur Votre très humble et tres obeissant Serviteur
Blin

Procureur du Roy du bailliage de Pont de l’arche et Juge en Chef du Bailliage ducal d’Elbeuf

Notation: Blin, elbeuf 10 xb. 77


Title: The American Commissioners: Instructions to John Thornton, [11 December 1777]
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To:

The mistreatment of American prisoners of war in England had long been on the commissioners’ minds. In February they had suggested to Lord Stormont an exchange, and the Ambassador had not replied. In April they had sent him depositions to back their claim that the British were behaving like savages, and to threaten retaliation; he had returned their letter ostensibly unopened. Complaints multiplied. Franklin was outraged by the contrast between his countrymen’s humanity toward their prisoners and British brutality toward theirs. The commissioners had no way to bring pressure on Whitehall, however, until the news of Saratoga arrived. These instructions to Thornton a week later, it may be assumed, were connected with that news: now that Burgoyne and his army were in effect prisoners, despite the fragile convention that he had signed, the British had cause to re-examine their own treatment of prisoners. The commissioners clearly hoped that their agent would gain an official hearing. They gave him a letter to Lord North, and Franklin tried to smooth his way by writing to two old friends. Thornton reached London on the 16th, armed with these letters, and Hartley obtained him an interview three days later with North; the issue of the prisoners was discussed but left for later determination. On the 28th Thornton, having heard nothing from Whitehall, took the initiative and went to Forton Prison, where he bribed his way into interviews with a number of the prisoners. Conditions were quite as bad as the commissioners had had reason to suppose.

  [December 11, 1777]
  Instructions to Mr. Thornton

You will receive herewith a Letter to Lord North and another to Sir Grey Cooper Secretary of the Treasury to which you are to endeavour to obtain Answer.
As the Purport is to obtain Permission to visit and examine into the Situation of our People in their Goals, and administer to their Relief, we hope a Request so consonant to Humanity will not be refus’d. But if you cannot obtain such Permission yet, (if not absolutely forbidden) we desire you would endeavour to see the Prisoners, take an Acct. of their Names, the Rank or Quality they serv’d in, the States they belong’d to, in what Vessel, and by whom they were taken and such other particulars as may tend to give us perfect Information of their Circumstances.
But before you leave London to visit the Prisons, wait on Mr. Hartley (for whom also you have a Letter which you will deliver as soon as you arrive) and desire his Advice or Orders; and if he should be so kind as to give you any relating to the Premises you are to follow the same punctually in your future Proceedings.
You will receive herewith Fifty Guineas for Travelling Expences of which you will render an Acct. We wish you a good Journey, being Sir, Your most humble Servants.

Notation: Letter to Sir Grey Cooper Dec 11. 77. Instructions to Mr. Thornton.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Arthur Lee, 11 December 1777
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Lee, Arthur

Thursday Dec. 11. 77
Mr. Franklin’s Compliments to Mr. A. Lee; sends him two Papers containing Facts relating to the Treatment of Prisoners; and begs to be excus’d waiting on him to day at dinner, as he shall be necessarily employ’d at home in preparing Dispatches for England, otherwise the Gentleman cannot set out this Evening nor to-morrow if they are not ready to day, as we shall all be out of town.

Addressed: Hon. Arthur Lee Esqr
Notations in different hands: 1777 / B. Franklin to A Lee Dec 11th ’77 / Decr. 11. 1777


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Thomas Walpole, 11 December 1777
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Walpole, Thomas

Dear Sir,
Paris, Dec. 11. 1777.
I ought long since to have acknowledg’d the Receipt of the Bills you sent me, in full Discharge of the Ballance of our Account. For which I thank you.
I am sorry Lord Chatham’s Motion for a Cessation of Arms, was not agreed to. Every thing seems to be rejected by your mad Politicians that would lead to Healing the Breach; and every thing done that can tend to make it everlasting.
Not being sure that we remember perfectly Mr. Wharton’s Direction, we beg leave to send some American Newspapers to him under your Cover.
From a Sketch Dr. B. had which was drawn by your ingenious and valuable Son, they have made here Medaillons in terre cuit. A Dozen have been presented to me, and I think he has a Right to one of them. Please to deliver it to him with my Compliments. With the greatest Esteem and respect I am ever Dear Sir, Your most obedient humble Servant
B Franklin
My sincere Respects if you please to your noble Friends, Lords Chatham and Cambden. Blessed are the Peacemakers.

Addressed: Honourable Thos. Walpole Esqr / Lincolns Inn Fields / London


Title: The American Commissioners to Lord North, 12 December 1777
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: North, Lord Frederick

My Lord,
Passi, near Paris, Dec. 12, 1777.
From motives of duty, and an earnest desire of mitigating the calamities of war, we proposed, near a year since, to the King of Great Britain’s Ambassador here, an Exchange of prisoners in Europe. The answer we received must have been made known to your Lordship, and the world will judge of its decency. It would have been honourable for that noble Lord, and happy for thousands, who have since suffered unnecessarily, if he had considered that moderation is a mark of wisdom, and humanity an ornament to the highest station. These are the sentiments at least which have governed the Congress and people of the United States. They have wished that this war, into which they entered with reluctance, might be distinguished by the humanity with which it was conducted; and that compassion might heal the wounds that were inflicted. The records of Congress, my Lord, are filled with proofs of tender care and attention, not only to the wants, but to the comfort and accomodation of their prisoners.
We have wished in vain to find such instances in the acts of the British Government; for unhappily all we have seen on this subject is, the public declaration of the governors and general who was chosen to commence this war, that the American officers and soldiers should be treated with equal indignity, and all devoted, without distinction, to the most ignominious fate, in terms too low for us to repeat. We have never heard of this proceeding having been censured by the government from which he derived his authority. Neither has the invitation to the Indian savages, at a public treaty, to drink the blood, and feast upon the body of those whom you called your subjects, been ever disavowed.
It is an universal complaint, that the practices of those in authority under you, have been conformable to the principles of these public acts.
Col. Parker, a gentleman of rank, was thrown into a common gaol in Boston, covered over with wounds, where he perished unpitied, for want of the common comforts which his situation and humanity required.
Colonel Ethan Allan was dragged, in chains, from Canada to England, from England to Ireland, from Ireland to Carolina, and from thence to New York; at a time when the officers taken from you, in the same expedition, were treated not only with lenity, but every possible indulgence.

The barbarous treatment of Mr. Lovel, in Boston, has no parallel. Of the prisoners made in Fort Washington, two thirds of them perished by the unexampled cruelty and rigours of their captivity. Even in England, the severities which the American prisoners suffer, are, according to the testimony of every one we have seen, of the most grievous kind. Stripes have been inflicted on some, to make them commit the deepest of all crimes, the fighting against the liberties of their country. Numbers are now groaning in bondage in Africa and India, to which they were compelled by menaces of an immediate ignominious death; as contrary to every rule of war among civilized nations, as to every dictate of humanity.
It is with the greatest regret we mention these cruelties. For the honour of humanity we hope they will not be committed again. Your Lordship must know, that it is in the power of those we have the honour to represent, to make ample retaliation upon the numerous prisoners of all ranks in their possession; and we warn and beseech you not to render it their indispensible duty. Upwards of 500 British seamen have been generously treated, set at liberty by our cruizers in these seas, and sent at the public expence to their country. We trust, you will think yourselves bound to dismiss an equal number of seamen, taken in the service of the United States.
We also desire, that a person appointed by us, may have permission to furnish the subjects of the United States, who are in your prisons, with the necessaries they may want from time to time; and that a general cartel may be immediately settled, by which the unfortunate on both sides may be relieved as soon as possible from the miseries of imprisonment.

We must beg a speedy answer, that we may transmit, without delay, the determination of your court to our constituents.
We have the honour to be with the highest respect, My Lord, Your Lordship’s most obedient, And most humble servants,
Benjamin Franklin,Silas Deane,Arthur Lee
Commissioners Plenipotentiary from the Independent and United States of America.

To the RIGHT HON. LORD NORTH, First Lord of the Treasury, Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Principal Minister of the King of Great Britain.


Title: Dumas to the American Commissioners, 12 December 1777
From: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

12e. Dec. 1777
Les grandes joies sont muettes, ainsi que les grandes douleurs. Je vous félicite de tout mon coeur; et Dieu benisse l’Am. unie. En reponse à la Lettre de Mr. A. Lee du 4e. je n’ai rien eu de plus pressé que d’envoyer sur le champ aux gazettiers, tant françois que holl[andois], copie fidèle et exacte, sans changer, ajouter, ni retrancher un seul mot, de l’important avis que vous m’avez transmis; et NB en Anglois-même, afin d’être à couvert de tout reproche ou soupçon d’y avoir altéré indiscretement la moindre chose en traduisant. Je vous préviens de ceci, afin que vous ne pensiez pas que j’aie aucune part, directe ou indirecte, aux endroits où ces gazettes peuvent s’être écartées de l’original, et notamment aux trois mots que je marque par une parenthèse dans la gazette ci-jointe de Leide. Je crains que la Cour de France ne l’oblige de rétracter cela: et je lui écris aujourd’hui, pour voir comment il pourra prévenir cela sans éclat.
La nouvelle a fait en ce pays la plus grande sensation possible. Une consternation profonde chez ceux qui ont tout leur bien en Angleterre; une joie marquée chez ceux qui haïssent vos ennemis: on ne voit que cela; et les derniers font le grand nombre. Au milieu de tous ces gens, je me tiens réservé, et ne me permets que de faire chorus avec ceux qui plaignent les innocentes victimes des mesures violentes et mal calculées d’une faction inconsidérée et mal intentionnée, qui a fait le malheur de la Grande Bretagne. Personne ici n’a eu copie de moi, ni même communication de votre Lettre du 4e. que le Facteur et le pensionnaire d’Amst. qui se trouve actuellement ici. Après cela je me suis tenu coi, en attendant l’effet que devoient produire aujourd’hui les Gazettes; et il a surpassé mon attente.
Voici ce que m’écrit mon correspondant d’Amsterdam: “Bien des remercimens,” etc. L et F [Lalande et Fynje?]
En causant mercredi matin avec le P[ensionnai]re d’Amst., il lui a échappé, qu’il étoit temps pour la hollande de profiter des conjonctures, pour n’être pas les derniers de l’Europe à rechercher l’amitié et le Commerce de l’Amerique. Je lui ai répondu, que j’étois prêt à vous faire parvenir, Messieurs, dans le plus grand secret, toutes les ouvertures, à cet égard, par lesquelles il jugeroit pouvoir débuter; et je lui ai proposé de tâter le pouls à Mr. le Grand pensionnaire. Il m’a dit qu’il le feroit, sans rien presser pourtant, et après s’être bien assuré auparavant des vraies dispositions et inclinations de ce Ministre.
Il y a dans le Courier du Bas Rhin, No. 99, une Lettre que je lui avois écrite en réponse à une des siennes. Il l’a insérée sans me consulter; mais il n’y a pas de mal; elle ne peut faire qu’un bon effet; et j’espere que vous pourrez en être contents. Je suis avec le plus vrai, et un zele et fidélité à toute épreuve, Messieurs Votre etc.
Paris aux hon. Comres. Pl. des E. U. de l’A. S.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from “Amicus,” 12 December 1777: résumé
From: “Amicus”
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Pennsylvania Coffee House, London, December 12, 1777: I have recently seen a paper supposedly written to facilitate American borrowing. It would do credit to any author; its case for the inevitable growth of America will convince every intelligent reader. Great Britain has achieved pre-eminence during the past eighty years for two reasons, the growth of her colonies and the establishment of public credit. The first, by increasing her commerce, has given her wealth and a great navy; the second has made that wealth accessible to the state. British credit, however, is now stretched to the limit; revenue barely meets the interest on the debt, and cannot do so much longer. The colonies provide us revenue, and the debt is soaring.
The essence of credit is the prompt payment of interest. Foreigners and citizens will lend to the state only on two conditions: that the interest rate is as high as or higher than they can obtain elsewhere, and that the security is as good or better. If a government is to establish faith in its public debt, it must guarantee the punctual payment of interest. Philip II failed to do so during his war against the Netherlands, and Spain dwindled into insignificance. The duc d’Orléans failed to do so when regent for Louis XV, and the result was a disaster. The French seem to have concluded that paper money is unreliable because it lacks, not proper security, but public confidence. This conclusion proves that they do not understand credit. They think that paper currency is sound as long as it is secured by specie, whereas in fact the state must guarantee the interest on such currency before it is issued. Montesquieu implies that an absolute monarchy is incompatible with public credit. What matters, however, is not the form of government but whether the government fulfils its obligation to its creditors.
I had thought to enclose a plan for floating loans and for a national bank, but that must wait. The time will in all likelihood come when foreigners, even Englishmen, prefer lending to the United States rather than to any other power, just as foreigners in the past have preferred Britain.>


Title: Certificate for Rolandeau, 13 December 1777
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To:

Passy, near Paris, Dec. 13. 1777
This may certify whom it may concern, that M. Rolandeau, a Lieutenant in the 5th Regiment of the State of Carolina, came to France on some Affairs of Importance which indispensibly requir’d his Presence, and so suddainly that he had not an Opportunity of obtaining his Congé. Of this I am well assured by Persons of great Honour and Distinction here. And as he takes this first Occasion of returning to his Duty, I hope and request that he may be receiv’d and employ’d in the Continental Service, as heretofore.
B. Franklin
One of the Commissioners from the United States.


Title: Arthur Lee to Franklin and Silas Deane, 13 December 1777
From: Lee, Arthur
To: Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas

Challiot Decr. 13th. 1777
Mr. A. Lee’s Compliments to Dr. Franklin and Mr. Deane. He receivd a Letter yesterday from Bilboa informing him, that the ten thousand Blankets for which Mr. Lee had remitted money from the spanish fund were ready to be shipt together with a very great quantity of Sail and tent cloth, Anchors, Cables, Cordage and Dreggs but that they must either purchase vessels, or freight them at £8 or 10 sterling per ton for the purpose.
Mr. Lee therefore desires the opinion of the other Commissioners whether he may order Mr. Gardoqui to purchase Ships or freight them and ship immediately of these Articles to the amount of half a million of Livres, for which he may draw on Mr. Grand to be paid out of the general fund. Mr. Gardoqui has hitherto done his business with so much secrecy and expedition, that no suspicion has arisen of him nor any vessel been taken.

Addressed: To the Honble / Dr Franklin & Silas Deane Esqr. / Passi
Notation: A Lee Decr. 13. 77 to BF. & SD.


Title: Vergennes to the Comte de Montmorin, 13 December 1777: Extract
From: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de
To: Montmorin-Saint-Hérem, Armand-Marc, comte de

A Versailles Le 13. xbre. 1777
Le Compte que j’ai a vous rendre M. de ma conference d’hier avec les deputés americains ne sera pas fort etendû. Je ne m’arreterai qu’aux resultats qui peuvent vous donnér et a l’Espagne une notion distincte de leurs dispositions ou plustost de Celles de leurs Commettans.
Le memoire qu’ils m’ont remis en dernier Lieu M. et qui est sous vos yeux sembloit me preparér a de nouvelles propositions. Je les ai invités a s’expliquér. Ils se sont bornés a me rapellér celles qu’ils nous ont faites successivement, dont la Copie a eté envoyée dans le tems a Madrid, et que vous deves retrouver dans les papiers de m. le mis. d’ossun;  ils y ont joint l’assurance que de quelque nature que fussent les Engagemens que nous pourrions prendre avec Eux, nous devions Comptér sur la bonne foi du congrès, ajoutant asses honnetement que si notre silence ne l’avoit pas decouragé les Evenemens heureux qui lui arrivent n’altereront point le desir de meritter l’amitié et l’interest de la france et de l’Espagne.
C’est alors que suivant l’Esprit de l’instruction raportée dans ma depeche du 11. je leurs ai exposé meme avec aparance de Succès les raisons qui n’ont pas du permettre jusqu’a present aux deux couronnes d’adherér a leurs premieres ouvertures; je leurs ai representé que n’etant pas eux memes bien assurés de la consistance de Leur Gouvernement ils ne devoient pas etre surpris que d’autres puissances ne se fussent pas pressées de se declarér ouvertement pour Eux; je leurs ai observé que Cette Consideration n’avoit pas empeché qu’on Leurs donnat des facilités et des secours secrets et qu’on continua a leurs en fournir. De la sans entrér dans la discussion de leurs propositions je leurs ai rapellé ce que je leur avois dit dans d’autres occasions que la france et l’Espagne aiant un sisteme Commun il n’etoit pas possible qu’elles traitassent et agissent independament l’une de l’autre. Je ne suis pas disconvenû que l’aspect des nouvelles Circonstances pouvoit faire du Changement dans les Combinaisons mais j’ai Conclû que quelque put etre la facon de penser particuliere du Roi il ne pouvoit entendre a une negociation, qu’autant que Le Roi son oncle voudroit y entrér. Je crois M. n’avoir rien omis de ce qu’il y avoit a dire pour Leurs faire sentir la convenance de Ce Concert meme pour l’interest de l’amerique et j’ai a me loüer de la sensibilité qu’ils m’ont marquée pour ma franchise. Enfin nous sommes Convenûs que toute chose resteroit en suspens jusqu’a l’arrivée de la reponse de Madrid qu’ils desirent qui soit promte.
Cet acte ministeriel rempli nous sommes entrés en Conversation plus libre sous la foi mutuelle que tout ce que nous dirions ne tireroit a aucune Consequence. Leur premier voeu etoit d’abord de se bornér a un simple traité d’amitié et de Commerce; ils pensoient ou ils affectoient de pensér que Cet Engagement si innocent en lui meme ne pouvoit ni Compromettre les deux couronnes, ni les entrainér dans la guerre. Ce sophisme etoit trop facile a detruire pour l’avoir laissé subsistér; je les ai ramené aux veritables suites que Cet Engagement produiroit infailliblement, et voulant dissipér toute illusion ou tergiversation, je ne leurs ai pas dissimulé que si nous devions traitér il falloit que ce fut de bonne foi et sur de telles bases de justice que nos liaisons eussent toute la solidite dont des institutions humaines peuvent etre susceptibles, leurs promettant que de notre part il ne leurs seroit jamais rien proposé qui pourroit blessér leur interest fondamental. Donnant ensuite plus d’etendue a mes reflexions j’ai remarqué qu’ils se trompoient s’ils se flattoient qu’une paix isoleé avec l’Angleterre pourroit etre solide. Que tant que Cette puissance conserveroit un pié sur le Continent dont il paroissoit asses difficile de la bannir, il ne falloit pas s’attendre a une tranquilite exemte de nuages, qu’elle ne se raprocheroit d’eux que pour semér la division, fomenter le mecontentement et mettre le trouble dans leur republique naissante, enfin la detruire par sa propre discorde. Ce tableau n’a pas parû nouveau a nos deputés et j’ai pû reconnoitre que leurs principes et leurs voeux sont s’ils le peuvent de ne pas laissér un pouce de terrain aux anglois sur le Continent. J’ai pris occasion de cette decouverte pour leurs demandér, cela supposé, quel Lot ils pretendoient nous donnér dans la peche. J’ai pu jugér qu’ils sont disposés a satisfaire les deux Couronnes a Cet Egard. Nous sommes entrés aussi en quelqu’explication sur le Commerce avec nos isles qui est couché dans leurs propositions d’une maniere qui nous deviendroit tres prejudiciable. Je leurs ai representé que pour ce qui nous Concerne nous ne pourrions Les y admettre que sous les restrictions d’usage, et que par raport a l’Espagne je ne prevoiois pas qu’elle put et voulut le leurs permettre a quelque titre que ce fut. Ils se sont excusés tant bien que mal d’avoir avancé cette Condition allegant qu’ils la regardoient comme un vice d’Elocution de la part de Celui qui avoit redigé leurs instructions, et qu’ils suposoient qu’on n’avoit voulu parlér que des isles que nous pourrions prendre sur les anglois et dont ils nous offroient la garentie. Ils nous ont renouvellé a Cette occasion l’offre de la garentie des possessions des deux Couronnes en amerique, ils se sont meme montrés disposes a prendre du Coté de l’Espagne toutes les mesures les plus sures pour que dans aucun tems il ne puisse s’elever de difficulté sur les Limites respectives. Si je puis jugér des dispositions de l’amerique par le langage des deputés je me crois fondé a penser qu’on y prefereroit une Coalition avec les deux couronnes a une reconciliation avec l’angleterre, mais ils font entendre asses distinctement que s’ils n’ont bientost un apui aussi respectable a presenter ils pourroient bien etre entrainés par le peuple dans des mesures avec la puissance dont ils doivent le plus redoutér la Connexite.
La Conference a fini par un Engagement mutuel d’un Secret inviolable, les deputés aiant promis de ne rendre Compte qu’hipotetiquement de nos dispositions a Ceux de leurs chefs dont ils sont le plus assurés et de ne leurs dire precisement que ce qui est necessaire pour les encouragér et pour les affermir.
M. Le Cte. de Montmorrin

Notation: resultat de la conference du ministre avec les Deputés americains.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Joseph Berington, [after 13 December 1777]
From: Berington, Joseph
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
A L’Hotel de York Ruë Jacob[after December 13, 1777]
I feel myself much disappointed in not having found you in Paris, as I had expected. Business, which brought me hither, renders it impossible for me to call on you at present. If I can steal a few hours before my return, I shall with pleasure wait on you. Our friend Dr. Priestley was so obliging as to recommend me to you. I send you his letter with his two last publications. When shall we see an end to this unnatural quarrel, which seems to threaten destruction to both nations! To unite is certainly a work more becoming the character of a real philosopher and a friend to mankind, than to disunite. I know you wish the former. Add, Sir, one thing more to the reputation, you have justly acquired, and that will complete it. Aim to reunite a divided and falling Empire. It is the common wish. I remain Sir with great respect your obedient humble Servant
Joseph Berington

Addressed: Dr. Franklin
Notation: Joseph Berington Paris


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from James Babson, 14 December 1777
From: Babson, James
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
St Antones [Santoña] Decmr th 14. 1777
This may Enform you that I Sailed from Bilboa Novmr. 20 with my pore Nacked Crew by a fafour of Messrs. Gardoquis & Sons that Trusted me with one hundred Pound Sterling to Buy a Little provishing. I fell In with Six fish Vessells from N Foundland affter a Little Dispute Tuck them all and Carred them Into St. andero [Santander]. I oared [ordered] them to Bilboa but on their passague thay fell In with a friget and a Cutter. Three of them thay Retuck and Carred of. My peple Escaped on Shore the outhers air Saft In port. Sir I have hear Nothing of my afair with my prise I Left In Nantes. Should Esteem it as a favour if you would favour me with a line Consarning the prise. You may Depend that I Shand Trouble the french flag and Sir I am your Most Obedient Humble Sarvent
James Babson
To Mr Beniamen Francklin

Addressed: A Monsieur / Mons. Benjamin Franklin / Paris
Notation: James Babson Decr 14. 77.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ——— Boudet, 15 December 1777: résumé
From: Boudet, ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Lyons, December 15, 1777, in French: An unfortunate Frenchman, whom cruel losses over the years have overwhelmed, addresses a virtuous Englishman and asks for refuge among his countrymen. I came here in 1759, the youngest son of a large Montpellier family, to work in a textile firm and then in a house trading with Spain, and lost the fruit of my labor. In 1770 my partner deceived me and I had to pay for his stupidity. Since then my misfortunes have been irreparable. I am intelligent and thrifty but, like many others, have not the luck to succeed in business; I must look elsewhere. Could you get me work in the New World, or with you in any capacity? I am not a soldier, and soldiers may be what Congress needs in its service; but I have some small talents to offer any sensitive and honest patron to whom you may recommend me.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Claude-Isaac Peuch, 15 December 1777
From: Peuch, Claude-Isaac
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Utrecht ce 15 Decembre 1777.
En qualité de Sujet d’un Etat libre qui a tout sacrifié pour se procurer l’independance, j’ai admiré plus d’une fois les efforts surprénnans et généreux de vos Compatriotes pour se procurer les mêmes avantages et se délivrer d’un joug qui auroit certainement été aggravé, à mésure que les Oppresseurs auroient trouvé de facilité de l’appesantir. Comme Redacteur d’une Gazette j’ai plus d’une fois fait sentir que je désirois que les Américains triomphassent et je le désire ardemment. Mon état me met à couvert de tout soupçon de partialité, ou que ce désir proviendroit de quelqu’intérêt personnel, au contraire comme Ecrivain public je n’ai ni Religion ni Patrie, pour me servir du proverbe ordinaire et comme homme libre je désire que tous mes semblables le deviennent aussi et ne soient pas exposés aux caprices de Ministres, dont les vues intéressées ont rarement pour objet le bonheur des peuples, dont leur Souverain leur confie une partie du Gouvernement. Tout ce que je désirerois de plus dans mon état seroit de pouvoir instruire promptement et exactement l’Univers de ce qui se passe dans les pays, où est le Théâtre de la Guerre. Vainement me suis je flatté que je trouverois ce secours en Angleterre, et tout l’argent que j’ai dépensé à ce sujet ne l’a été qu’à pure perte, ou je n’ai été servi qu’imparfaitement. Cependant je remarque que deux de mes Confreres Gazettiers ont l’agrément d’etre en correspondance avec des Américains très instruits, qui leur fournissent exactement toutes les pieces et nouvelles de quelqu’importance. J’ignore qui peuvent être ces Messieurs, mais cela m’a suggéré une idée qui paroîtra indiscrette, mais qui est pourtant pardonnable par le motif qui me dirige. Ce seroit de pouvoir intéresser en ma faveur quelque personne, qui pût me faire promptement part de tout ce qui dans les occasions actuelles peut parvenir de l’Amérique, et je n’ai cru pouvoir mieux faire que de m’adresser à vous, Monsieur, qui déployez le caractere de Ministre du Peuple Américain en France. Oserois-je me flatter, Monsieur, que dans ce moment de joye et de satisfaction pour vous, par l’heureux succès des Armes Américaines contre une partie de l’Armée Royale, commandée par Monsieur Burgoyne, victoire dont j’ai l’honneur de vous féliciter de grand coeur, esperant qu’elle sera suivie d’autres avantages plus décisifs encore, ma demande ne vous fut pas désagréable. Je m’estimerois heureux si vous pouviez vous resoudre à me l’accorder, afin que je puisse par votre canal instruire d’une maniere autentique tous mes Lecteurs, qui ne sont que trop souvent abusés par le pompeux galimatias des Ministres Anglois. Soyez persuadés, Monsieur, de ma discrétion autant que de ma sincere gratitude. Je ne puis dans le moment que vous en donner des assurances, le tems vous apprendra si je vous ai promis plus que je ne pouvois tenir, et ma satisfaction seroit à son comble si, par la suite, je me trouvois à même de vous témoigner ma reconnoissance autrement que par des paroles.
Supposé que vous m’accordiez, Monsieur, l’objet de ma Lettre, je vous proposerois de plus de me faire tenir, par le Porteur de la présente les pieces (mais cachettées) dont vous voudriez bien me faire part. Il m’écrit régulierement deux fois par semaine, c’est une personne aussi fidelle, que discrette j’en ai des preuves convaincantes depuis plus de 10 ans qu’elle me sert de correspondant. Dans l’espérance d’obtenir de votre part une reponse favorable Agréez, s’il vous plaît, les assurances de la parfaite estime et de la haute considération avec lesquelles j’ai l’honneur d’être Monsieur Votre très humble et très obéissant serviteur
C. I. Peuch
Auteur de la Gaz. d’Utrecht.

P.S. Comme j’ignore votre demeure et vos titres, je vous prie Monsieur de m’excuser si je me suis trompé en me servant de l’adresse qui renferme la presente.

Endorsed: Auteur de Gazette d’Utrecht
Notation: Peush Utrecht 15. Xbre. 1777


Title: Dumas to the American Commissioners, 16 December 1777
From: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Lahaie 16e. Dec. 1777
Envoyé le supplément de la Gazette fançoise de Leide No. 100, où est inséré l’extrait de la Gazette de Boston, savoir la lettre du Général Gates, Capitulation de Burgoyne, et Lettre du Général Washington. Détaillé mes opérations à cet égard, par rapport à l’avertissement du Gazettier de Rotterdam du 13e. où il promettoit ces pieces pour Mardi 16e., que j’ai tout lieu de croire que cela avoit été concerté avec ce dernier de la part de Sir Joseph [Yorke] pour faire passer, à la faveur de ces pieces, comme nouvelle sure que la Cour de Londres avoit reçu l’avis, le 8 Dec. de la reduction de Mud-Eyland. Que ces choses pourroient paroître niaiseries, mais ne le sont nullement etc. Ajouté la Gazette extraordinaire de Harlem de Vendredi 12e. Que le Facteur m’a délivré de l’angoisse où j’étois pour Mr. le Chevalier Grand; demandé comment se porte Mr. son frere, et Mr. de Beaumarchais. Adressé tout cela à Mr. Carmichael.
Paris à l’hon. Commission des Etats Unis de l’Am. Sept.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Silas Deane, 16 December 1777
From: Deane, Silas
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
Paris 16th Decemr. 1777
I have seen Sir Geo. Grand who was Yesterday at Versailles, and this morning with Mons. De Sartine; I find it impossible for me to go out this Afternoon, as I must be engaged every moment in Business. I must pray you to excuse me to Marechal Maillebois. He put into my hands a Memoire of one Millin de la Brosse, which I forgot to shew you, but I sent a Letter to the Man to come and see me. The subject of the Memoire was his having been in Prison in England &c. He was charged with Dispatches for Congress last Septem: and was taken. I only wish that if Count Maillebois mentions his Case that he may know I have not neglected it. I shall see the Man in a Day or Two. I wish you and Mr. Chaumont would call here, on your Return from Dinner, as I have several Things to mention. I will have a Fire on the first Floor, to prevent interfering with any body else. I have the honor to be ever Dear Sir Your most Obedient and Very humble Servant
S. Deane

Addressed: To / The Honbl. / Benja Franklin Esq. / chez monsieur Le Comte Maillebois / a son Hotel / a Paris
Notation: Ss Deane 16 Decr to BF 77.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Henry Grand, 16 December 1777
From: Grand, Henri-Maximilien (Henry)
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Nantz Xber the 16th. 1777
In the same Manner as I have seen People boast themselves of the Honour they have had of lodging in their House such and such a King, or worthy Personage, or of the Connexions they may have had with them, let them be ever so small; in the same Manner I shall henceforth boast of the honour you do me by the Letter in which you are so Kind as to give me the Title of your affectionate Friend; Indeed Sir, tho the Sentiments of the most sincere attachment and Respect for you are not wanting on my Part, I am conscious I am not deserving of that honourable Name. Nevertheless this very pleasing Illusion has been excessively dear to me.
The Honour you do me on the one Hand, and the very great Service you render me on the other by your Letters of Recommendations, are Obligations, Sir, that will not be easily blotted out from my Memory; but that will on the contrary raise in me the greatest Desire of proving you the grateful Sense I have of them. Nothing can equal the Sentiments of Veneration with which I have the Honour to be Sir Your most obedient and most devoted Servant
Hy. Grand

Addressed: To / The Honourable Doctor / Franklin / Paris
Endorsed: Henry Grand 16. xbre. 1777.


Title: The American Commissioners to John Paul Jones, 17 December 1777
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Jones, John Paul

Sir
Passy, near Paris Dec. 17 1777.
We received your several Letters from Nantes and Portsmouth. We shall be glad to see you here, as soon as is consistent with your Affairs, in order to consult with you on the Matters mention’d in your Instructions from the Congress, &c. We are, with Esteem Sir, Your most obedient and most humble Servants
B. FranklinSilas DeaneArthur Lee
Honle. Capt. Jones

Addressed: To / John Paul Jones Esqr / Nantes
Endorsed: Paris Decr. 17th. 1777 From the honble. the Commissioners.


Title: John Thornton to the American Commissioners, [17] December 1777
From: Thornton, John
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Gentlemen
London Decr: [17] 1777
I arrived here yesterday, and delivered this morning all the letters, except those of Lord North and Sir Gray Cooper; what ever advices I shall receive from Mr. H[artley] shall be punctually follow’d. I have the honor to be Gentlemen Your most Obedient Servant:
My letters, if you should send any direct No. 57 Newman Street Oxford Road.

Notation: Thornton Lond.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Charles Millon, 17 December 1777: résumé
From: Millon, Charles-Blaise-Léon
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Paris, December 17, 1777, in French: I render you homage as the man whom the public credits with authorship of the Pennsylvania constitutions. Articles 1, 2, 9, and 15 of Chapter I rouse my keenest admiration. Article 2 proves that I am not alone in considering intolerance the most destructive force in any society. Article 9 is the work of that rarity, a supremely just and fair man; I could only wish that it proscribed torture for anything short of conspiracy against the state, and then only to uncover accomplices. Article 15, with which I would lump the statement in Section 42 of Chapter II, expresses the most profound political wisdom, always assuming that Pennsylvania never becomes the asylum for the world’s rascals and monsters.
Permit me an observation, which may sound critical, on the second part of Section 45 of Chapter II. The history of the religious orders shows that most if not all of them have been characterized by laziness and pride, fanaticism and hypocrisy; and their ambition has won them outrageous privileges. If they follow their own interests in the teeth of the general good, they will end by convincing themselves that they are God’s agents. I assume that the addition to Section 45 was long debated, and that the same is true of the addition in Article 10 to the profession of faith, which in fact adds nothing. I have looked in vain for a ban on usury, which afflicts the poorest and most numerous and thereby undermines social cohesion. But bad results of what has been included or omitted have their remedy in Article 16 of Chapter I and Section 45 of Chapter II.
Reading the constitutions has given me some ideas that I have put in writing; they are enclosed.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot, Baron de l’Aulne, 17 [December?] 1777
From: Turgot, Anne-Robert-Jacques, baron de l’Aulne
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Mercredi 17. [December 1777?]
Mr. Turgot accepte avec grand plaisir la proposition que lui a fait faire Mr. Franklin par Mr. Quesnai de St. Germain de le dedommager Samedi du plaisir dont les engagemens de Mr. Franklin le privent pour Vendredi. Toutes les occasions de voir Mr. Franklin luy sont precieuses, et il est impatient de temoigner aux amis de la liberté sa joye de leurs succès.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Franklin / A Passi


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from “John Webb,” 17[–24] December 1777
From: “John Webb”
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Reverend Sir
London Decembr. the 17th. 1777
I never expected such ingratitude for my past time and services as I have met with, which I am pretty sure you are unacquainted with. I should not have remained in Dunkirk after you had been so kind as to send me remittance had not Mr. Coffin told me that he had some orders from Mr. Carmichael to make me stay there untill there should be something determined, which I found to my disadvantage, (to wit) to leave Dunkirk without money to pay my passage here. It is true Mr. Hodge ordered me six Guineas, but that money was little Enough to pay my board there. I expected to meet with a friend here to supply me with money to go home, but I am Deprived of that as well as all other Expectations; I should have taken this liberty of writing from Dunkirk had I not been obliged to leave it upon Account of some of Capt. Cunningham’s Deserters, to whome I have given my Cloaths in order to satisfie them fearing worse Consequences; Now I can neither go Back or forward in the situation I am in, unless you Consider it. I have credit here for a short time, During which I expect to have the honour and pleasure of hearing from you. I am Dear Sir with the Greatest Esteem and respect Your most humble and obedient Servant
John Webb

PS I lodge No. 125 at Mr. Russett’s in the Minories.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsr. le Docteur Franlin A Pasty / à l’Hotel / De Valentinois / A Pasty
Endorsed: Webb Priest Dunkirk


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Elizabeth Wright, 17 December 1777
From: Wright, Elizabeth
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honourd Sir
London Pallmall Decr. the 17th[–24] 77
I take the liberty in the Name of my Mother (who is at present from Home) to return you my most gratefull thanks for your kind Letter in behalf of Mr. P——— which I have just Receivd with the highest Pleasure, in hearing from you Sir, and Gratitude for Him, as it is a Suply I am sensible will be Doubly Wellcome to him at this Time. My Mother is now at Bath and intends staying some Time, so that I shall take the Liberty to Desire Mr. P——— if He has any oppertunity (and I beleive there is a very worthy young Gentleman from New England going now) to Draw on you himself, as it will I beleive be Equally the same on all Sides.
If you knew the Heartfelt Pleasure it has given us all to hear from you, and will my Mother when I send her your Letter, you would once more gratify us with the same Sensations. In the Mean Time I Remain Dear Sir your most Gratefully Effectionate
Elizth Wright

Dear Sir
Decemr the 24th
Since my riteing this Letter the young Gentleman I mentioned was so kind as to offer to pay Mr. P. the mony down, and except the Bill on you, on which I rote to my Mother, and He has Receivd it. He is so sincere an American and so Honest Hearted, that I knew I could place the Highest Confidence in Him in every Respect and would wish to Reccomend Him to your Notice.

Endorsed: Mrs Wright 17 Dec 77


Title: The American Commissioners to John Ross, 18 December 1777
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Ross, John

Sir
Paris Decemr: 18th: 1777
We Recd: yours giving an Acct. of the Arrival of the Goods on which we had not made any Insurance. From the Situation of your Affairs when you wrote Us last, we presume that Your Ship, Capt. Green is ready for sailing. Capt. Nicholson will also be ready in a few Days, We have therefore to propose to you that They go in Company as Capt. Nicholson will be joined by one or two more Ships of Force which will prove a Convoy sufficient against any common encounter. You will arrange this matter, as to The place of their Rendezvous, with Capt. Nicholson, who will wait Our final Orders which shall be sent him by the Time he will be ready for sailing. We depend that You will remember the Sums advanced You, by Us, out of the first remittances which may come to hand, as We are really in want, and that You will in your Letters to the Com. of Congress, mention it as a Reason for their hastening their remittances if not already on the Way. We have to Assure you that We are with much Esteem Sir your most Obedient and Very humble Servants
B FranklinSilas DeaneArthur Lee
Mr Ross / Mr John Ross

Addressed: To John Ross Esqr. / Nantes
Endorsed: Paris 18 Decemr: 1777 The Honble Commissioners. Recvd. Decemr 20th Answered 24th


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from La Rochefoucauld, [18 December? 1777]
From: La Rochefoucauld, Louis-Alexandre, duc de La Roche-Guyon et de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Ce Jeudi matin [December 18?, 1777].
J’ai l’honneur de vous renvoier, Monsieur, la Gazette de Boston; j’en ai traduit la lettre de M. Washington qui m’a paru bonne à publier pour opposer aux détails anglois qui vont sans doute paroître; j’ai retraduit aussi suivant la liberté que vous m’en avez laissée la capitulation de Burgoyne;  il me paroîtroit actuellement nécessaire de joindre à ces deux pieces que je vais faire mettre au net en attendant votre réponse pour ne pas retarder leur envoi au Journal, il me paroîtroit, dis-je, nécessaire d’y joindre un détail un peu plus suivi des actions qui ont précédé la capitulation, qu’il ne l’est dans les traductions que vous m’avez remises, et peut être aussi sur les premieres affaires de l’Armée de M. Washington. Si vous voulez marquer avec un craion sur les deux lettres que je joins ici, les endroits que vous voudrez faire entrer dans ce détail, je les traduirai tout de suite, et les ferai sans délai parvenir au Journal avec les deux premieres pieces. J’ai l’honneur d’être avec le plus sincere attachement, Monsieur, Votre très humble et très obeissant serviteur
Le DUC DE LA Rochefoucauld
A Lundi: ma mere me charge de vous faire ses complimens.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to [La Rochefoucauld], [18 December? 1777]
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: La Rochefoucauld, Louis-Alexandre, duc de La Roche-Guyon et de

Passy, Thursday [December 18?, 1777]
I return the Letters, having in one mark’d with Crayon the Parts I think of most Importance; and in the other with Ink the Parts that ought not to be translated. Perhaps Abridgements would be better than Translations. I leave them to your Judgement. I am with the greatest Respect your Grace’s most obedient humble Servant
BF


Title: Ameloo, Willemsen and the Dubbeldemuts to the American Commissioners, 18 December 1777
From: Ameloo, Anthony,Willemsen, Pieter,Dubbeldemuts, Franco,Dubbeldemuts, Adrianus
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Messieurs!
Rotterdam ce 18 Decembre 1777.
De jour en jour nous nous sommes flattés de recevoir reponce à la notre du 20 Novembre dernier, et nous ne savons à quoi attribuer ce Silence. Apres votre lettre satisfaisante nous n’avons pas hesités un seul moment de confier nos interets dans vos mains. Nous vous avons parlés sans le moindre deguisement, et nous vous repetons sur tout ce qu’il y a de plus sacré, qu’il n’ÿ á ame qui vive qui á le moindre interest dans le navire le Chester et sa Cargaison, que des sujets de la republicque d’hollande, et etant persuadé de la Justice de notre cause, nous avons voulu vous donner la plus grande prevue de notre confiance, en vous suppliant de vouloir vous meme nous nommer quelqu’un à Charlestown pour soigner nos interets, et comme une grace particuliere de vouloir nous permettre d’expedier sous votre couvert notre procuration. Nous esperons, Messieurs, que notre facon d’agir vous inspirera le desir de nous aider efficacieusement. Le capitaine et les Matelots aiant été forcés de quiter leur navire, n’ont pas eté à meme de pouvoir le reclamer, et qui scait, Messieurs ce qui est devenu de notre droit incontestable, faute d’un reclamant. Nous vous recommandons avec des instances redoublées la restitution et le dedommagement, qui nous sont dus; et nous avons l’honneur d’etre parfaitement, Messieurs! Vos tres humble et tres obeissants serviteurs
Aÿ AmelooPi WillemsenFr & A Dubbeldemuts
Messrs Franklin, Dean & Lee.

Addressed: Messieurs! / Messieurs Franklin Deane / & Lea / chez Mr. Le Ray de Chaumont / à Passy—Banlieue Paris. / hotel Colbert
Notation: Dubbledemutz Decemr. 18. 1777


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Doerner, 18 December 1777
From: Doerner, John James
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Paris Decbre. 18th. 1777.
Doerner Jur. presents his most respectfull Compliments to Doctor Francklin, and in complyance of his kind promise to supply him with Letters of introduction to the honourable Congress of the united States of North-America, to Gentlemen of consequence at Charles-town, and to others in the provinces of Maryland and Virginia; takes the liberty to send for the same;  Sincerely wishing to met with opportunities in that prospering Continent to convince the Doctor how happy Mr. Doerner would think himself, if either himself or his Partnership Doerner Junior Märck Nephew & Co. can be of any service either to the Doctor or to his Friends; repeating that their design is (the Disposer of all Events permitting it) to fix themselves at Charles-Town as general Merchants.
Doerner need not insinuate to the Doctor how proper it is to keep their design within his own Breast, and trusts will have been obliging enough to recommand the Same care to the Gentlemen who were present at Doerners visit to the Doctor.
Doerner & Märck set off this Morning for Bordeaux, to embark themselves there in a vessel ready to carry Them to North America.

Addressed: A: Monsieur / Monsieur Le Docteur franckling / Passy
Notation: Doerner


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Pageant veuve Rivaud, 18 December 1777: résumé
From: Rivaud, Veuve Pageant
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Tournus in Burgundy, December 18, 1777, in French: I beg you to forward a letter to my son in New England. I have received two of his, and he is extremely uneasy at having heard nothing from me and my family. He is one of the engineers that the government selected to send to America. I am a mother who has lost her companion in joy and sorrow; the only pleasure left me is in my family. Allowing him to go grieved me, but he had a good offer.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Silas Deane, 19 December 1777
From: Deane, Silas
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
Passy 19th Decr. 1777
I this instant received the inclosed, and as I do not fully Understand the meaning of it I judged it Necessary to go immediately and see Mr. Gerard. I will be back by about Eight o’Clock. I think that it is designed that Our Letter should be sent by the Minister’s Messenger, it is perhaps the most proper. If so it must be Compleated this Evening, as well as the Letter of Credit. I am with the utmost Respect Dear Sir Your most Obedient and Very humble Servant
Silas Deane


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John MacMahon, 19 December 1777
From: MacMahon, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
At the Military School Dec. the 19th. 1777
At my return here the day before yesterday, I found the chief Gentlemen of this house assembled, who are all wellwishers to your cause, and great admirers of your exalted and respectable character. They were highly pleased with the confirmation and detail of the good news I gave them. Prince De Montbarrey, who was not yet gone away, said that it was lucky, Bourgoin’s defeat did not happen at Autumn, for that the people must have been inflamed with such alacrity and martial Spirit, that even the men of fourscore would have quitted the business of harvest, to run to arms, and chase their oppressors from every part of America. The Commander of this establishment, M. Le Marquis De Tinbrune, a Major General, desires exceedingly that you would be so kind as to pay a visit to so near Neighbours as we are; and to commence an acquaintance, has recourse to my mediation to pray you to dine here any day you please next week, with your Grandson, and Mr. Dean, or any other friends you think proper to bring with you. This favor will flatter him very much, and more my self, as it will prove that you have some regard for the mediator, in condescending to my request. This indeed I pretend no other right to, but the high respect nearer to veneration, with which I have the honour to be Sir your most humble and obedient Servant
J. MacMahon

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Franklin chez / Monsieur Ray De Chaumont / à Passy
Notation: McMahon 19. Decr. 77.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ——— de Reynaud, 19 December 1777: résumé
From: Reynaud, —— de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Villeneuve d’Avignon, December 19, in French: My congratulations on the glory that the brave Americans have deserved. I am myself American, though French, and would have wished with all my heart to share that glory on the famous day of General Burgoyne’s capture. May the Howe brothers have the same fate.>


Title: Gérard to the American Commissioners, 20 December 1777
From: Gérard, Conrad-Alexandre
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Messieurs
De Versailles ce 20. Xbre. 1777.
J’ai recu la lettre que vous m’avés fait l’honneur de m’ecrire avec celle qui y etoit jointe et dont je suis chargé de vous remercier.
Voici le paquet dont les deux passagers voudront bien se charger. Il est adressé au Commissaire ordonateur de la marine. On ne lui mande pas leurs noms, et celui de Deane etant fort connu, on desire que Mr. simeon Deane évite de se nommer ainsi au Commissaire ni aux endroits où il descendra et logera.
On pense d’ailleurs, Messieurs, que le meilleur moyen de pourvoir au secret seroit que les deux voyageurs s’arretassent dans le petit bourg où l’on s’embarque pour Bourdeaux et que de là ils ecrivissent à Mr. le Moine que les personnes de l’arrivée desquelles il doit etre prevenu sont dans tel lieu, et ont des depeches secretes de la Cour à lui remettre. Ce Commissaire viendroit alors prendre ces paquets ou envoyeroit une personne seure [sûre] pour cet effet et feroit les dispositions pour l’embarquement. De cette maniere on eviteroit l’inconvenient de descendre à Bordeaux et de demeurer peutetre renfermé chez le Commissaire de la marine, car on recomande particulierement de ne pas se montrer en ville. On prend au surplus, Messieurs, toute confiance dans l’empressement avec lequel vous entreres dans le plan d’assurer le secret le plus absolu. J’ai l’honneur d’etre avec la consideration la plus respectueuse Messieurs Votre tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur

Notation: Monsr. Gerard Versailles 20 decr. 177


Title: The American Commissioners to the Massachusetts Council, 20 December 1777
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Massachusetts Council

Honourable Gentlemen,
Paris, Dec. 20. 1777
We are much obliged by your Favour of the 24th. October which brought us the first Intelligence of the Defeat and Surrender of Bourgoyne’s Army, which gave great Joy not only to us but to this whole friendly Nation. In return we can only tell you at present, that our Affairs hear wear the most promising Appearance, and that we have little Doubt of seeing soon the Liberties and Independance of America established on the most solid Foundations which human Affairs are capable of.
This will be delivered to you by the Captain of a French Man of War, which for greater Security we have obtained to carry our Dispatches. As he may need some Supplies, we desire you would furnish him with what Money he may want to the Amount of 15,000 Livres, and for your Reimbursement draw on us, or on the Congress as shall be most convenient to you. Your Draft on us will meet with due Honour. We are with great Esteem and Respect Honourable Gentlemen Your most obedient humble Servants
Honble Council of the Massachusetts State


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Johann Wilhelm Abraham Jaeger, 20 December 1777: résumé
From: Jaeger, Johann Wilhelm Abraham
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Frankfurt-on-Main, December 20, 1777, in French: I have a powder mill with twenty-six mixers, and am planning a new one on the model of an oil mill with perpendicular stone mixers, as in the enclosure. Ordinary stone may produce explosions; I experimented with marble and found that it apparently did not. A foreign powder-maker whom I met told me that it is used in all American mills. I want to be certain of this, because of the danger involved, and appeal to you as one of our greatest physicists and mechanics. A word in reply will make me grateful for the rest of my life. I would offer my services to Congress were I not, at the age of sixty and after hard campaigns in 1741–44 that ruined my constitution, precluded from defending the liberty that I treasure.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from [La Rochefoucauld], [20 December? 1777]
From: La Rochefoucauld, Louis-Alexandre, duc de La Roche-Guyon et de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Ce samedi matin [December 20?, 1777]
Au moment où j’allois hier, Monsieur, envoier l’Extrait que j’avois fait de vos nouvelles, j’ai reçu le No. XXXIII. des Affaires d’Angleterre et d’Amérique qui contient tous ces détails; en conséquence je me suis borné à y envoier la lettre de M. Washington;  vous trouverez ci jointes vos deux lettres Angloises à l’une desquelles il manque une feuille que vous ne m’aviez pas renvoiée la seconde fois et vos traductions françoises qui deviennent inutiles à moins que vous ne voulussiez faire paroître le commerce epistolaire des Généraux Gates et Burgoyne, auquel cas, si vous voulez me les rapporter Lundi, je les ferai passer au Journaliste.
J’ai vu hier avec plaisir par la Gazette Extraordinaire que le fort de Red Bank n’étoit pas pris, et que le Général howe avoit abandonné German Town. Adieu, Monsieur, j’espere toujours que nous vous verrons Lundi, et que nous vous renouvellerons avec plaisir tous nos remercimens.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from George Walton, 20 December 1777
From: Walton, George
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir,
Savannah in Georgia, 20 december 1777.
Having but lately returned from Congress, where I have been ever since you left America, and Captain Dunn and Mr. Curlis being about to depart from this State to France, I do myself the honor and pleasure of congratulating you upon the great and signal successes of our arms this campaign. The two defeats of General Bourgyne’s whole army, and the subsequent surrender of it, with its stores of every kind, to our Gates; the bravery of our troops, and the superior slaughter of those of the enemy, at the battles of Brandywine and German-Town; the defeat of Count Donop at Red-bank, and the destruction of the enemy’s shipping in the Delaware; the possession of the passes on that river against the United efforts of the british fleet and army; and General Howe being shut up in Philadelphia, scarce of provisions, and surrounded by conquering troops—I say, surely all these will make up sixes for the King of Prussia. The fate of Howe is surely determined by this time; when I came away the prevailing opinion was, that his safety depended upon his flight. One of our Officers arrived a few days ago; 23 days from Head-Quarters at German-Town, who says, that Gates has joined the Grand Army, and that Philadelphia is completely surrounded; and that from persons who fly from the City, as a pestilence, they learn that horses are killed for food: If this be true, what may we not expect? And it is very probable; for before I came away, it was declared death to be caught in carrying any thing into the City, and punishable by the law martial; and before Congress left Philadelphia, every article of provision was moved out, save a scanty allowance for the Inhabitants. We have just an account of the Syren and two Transports, running aground in Rhode-Island, and of their falling into our hands. The tide of success flows rapidly in our favor.
I have the pleasure to inform you, Sir, that we are in a tolerable state of defence in this state; we have four battalions of foot, one of horse, and one of artillery, and four Gallies: but notwithstanding this force, our neighbors of florida, like the antient goths and vandals upon the Empyreal territories, carry on a plundering war upon our Southern frontiers: but this we are essaying to retort upon them four-fold.
I need not request that if the Gentlemen who will have the honor to present this to you, stand in need of your protection, that they may have it. With my best wishes for your health and happiness, I have the honor to be, Sir, with great esteem and respect, your most Obedient Servant,
Geo Walton.
PS. I forgot to mention that I left Mr. Beach and family perfectly well.
  The honorable Doctor Franklin.

Endorsed: George Walton 20 Dec 1777 [in another hand:] from Savannah


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to James Lovell, 21 December 1777
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Lovell, James

Sir,
Paris Decr. 21. 1777.
I see in a Vote of Congress shown me by Capt. Franval, that Mr. Deane is disown’d in some of his Agreements with Officers. I, who am upon the Spot, and know the infinite Difficulty of resisting the powerful Solicitations here of Great Men, who if disobliged might have it in their Power to obstruct the Supplies he was then obtaining, do not wonder, that being then a Stranger to the People and unacquainted with the Language he was at first prevail’d on to make some such Agreements, when all were recommended, as they always are, as Officiers experimentés, braves comme leur Epées, plein de Courage, de talents, et de Zele pour notre Cause &c. &c. in short mere Caesars, each of whom would be an invaluable Acquisition to America. You can have no Conception how we are still beseiged and worried on this Head, our Time cut to Pieces by personal Applications besides those contain’d in dozens of Letters by every Post, which are so generally refused, that scarce one in an hundred obtains from us a simple Recommendation to Civilities. I hope therefore that favourable Allowance will be made to my worthy Colleague, on Account of his Situation at the time, as he has long since corrected that Mistake, and daily approves himself to my certain Knowledge an able, faithful, active, and extreamly useful Servant of the Publick. A Testimony I think it my Duty to take this Occasion of giving to his Merit, unasked, as, considering my great Age I may probably not live to give it personally in Congress, and I perceive he has Enemies.
You will see the general News in the Papers. In particular I can only say at present that our Affairs go well here: and that I am with much Respect, Sir, Your most obedient humble Servant
B Franklin
J. Lovell Esqr

Notation: Letter from B Franklin Paris 21. December 1777 read 20 June 1778.