Title: From James Madison to Edmund Randolph, 13 August 1782
From: Madison, James
To: Randolph, Edmund

Dear Sir
Philada. Aug: 13th. 1782
The post is come a second time without a line from you. From a letter from the Presidt. of Wm. & Mary, I infer that you are more profitably employed.
I transmitted to you a few days ago by express the contents of a letter from Genl Carlton & Admiral Digby to Genl Washington, announcing the purpose of the British court to acknowledge the Independence of the 13 Provinces. Our expected advices on this head from Europe are not yet arrived. A Mr. Blake an opulent Citizen of So. Carolina who came from G. B. under a passport from Mr. Laurens to New York & thence hither assures us that the Administration are serious with respect to peace & the independence of this Country, that the point however was carried in the Cabinet by a majority of two voices only, that their finances are so disordered that a continuance of the war is in a manner impracticable, that the Militia at N. York have been thanked for their past services & told explicitly that they would not be wanted in future, that the evacuation of the U. S. will certainly take place this fall & that a large no. of transports are coming from England to remove the B. garrisons probably to the W. Indies, that these transports will contain about 2500 Germans who it is supposed in case of such of an evacuation will have the same destination, that Carlton told him & desired him [to] mention it at large that he was a real friend to America, and wished her to be powerful rich, united & happy, and secure agst. all her Enemies, that he also intimated in the course of conversation that Canada would probably be given up as a 14th. member of the confederacy. You will draw such conclusions from these particulars as you think fit. The Gentlemen of So. Carolina vouch for the veracity of Mr. Blake. It appears to me much more clear that the Ministry really mean to subscribe to our independence, than that they have renouncd the hope of seducing us from the French connection.
The motion for revoking the power given to France has been made again and pushed with the expected earnestness but was parried and will issue I believe in an adoption of your report with a representation thereupon to the court of France.

The Controversy between Connecticut & Pennsylvania is in a promising train for adjudication; The Agents having agreed on the Commissioners to whom it is to be submitted.
Among other means of revenue the back lands have on several late occasions been referred to, and at length recommended by a Grand Committee to the Consideration of Congress. A motion for assigning a day to take up the report was negatived by a smal[l] majority The report has been repeated by the committtee but a second experiment has not been made in Congress Several of the middle states seem to be facing about Maryland however preserves its wonted jealousy and obstinacy
In compiling the evidence of our title, I suppose you will of course be furnished with all Mr. Jefferson’s lights. I have lately seen a fact stated by him w[h]ich s[he]ws clearly the ideas entertained in Virga. with respect to her territorial limits subsequent to the resumption of the Charter. In the convention between Commissrs. on the part of the Commonwealth of England & of the Grand Assembly of Virga. in 1651. by which the latter submit to the new Govt. it is stipulated that Virga. shall enjoy the antient bounds & limits granted by the Charters of the former Kings & that a new Charter shall be sought[?] from the Parliament agst. any that shall have intrenched [up]on the rights thereof.
I forgot to mention to you by the last post that as Congress have adopted a scheme of settling the Accts. of the several Departments and of the Hospital among the rest by an itinerant Commissr. specially appointed for each, the Accts. of your friend Dr. Carter can not be audited here, but must be sent back to him.
We have no very recent in[t]elligence from the French Squadron. They are probably bearing towards Boston whither it is the current opinion that they are destined. It does not appear that they have as yet made any prizes, except a recapture of a Frigate which had struck to the Sta. Margarita, a British-[S]panish Ship of superior force.
You will observe that I venture more tha[n]  with respect to uncyphered comm[uni]cations. To this I am led not only by a scarcity of time, but by the diminution of the danger occasioned by the apprehension of 13 or 14 of the gang of mail robbers who are now in the gaol of this City.


Title: Report on Instructions to Peace Commissioners, [15 August] 1782
From: Madison, James
To:

[15 August 1782]
The Committee appointed to consider and report to Congress the most advisable means of securing the several claims of the U. States not included in their ultimatum of the  day of  recommend,
That the Committee to whom was referred the Report of a previous Committee, relative to the said claims be instructed to deliver over to the Secy. for For: Affairs, the materials which they may have collected in support thereof; and that the sd. Secy perfect & transmit the same to the Ministers Plenipoty for negociating peace, for their information & use; provided that nothing which shall be done by virtue of this Resolution shall be construed to affect any dispute which now does, or may hereafter subsist between individual States, or between the U. States and an individual State.
That the Ministers Plenipoy. for negociating peace be instructed to communicate to his most Xn Majesty so much of the facts & observations so to be transmitted and in such form, as they shall judge fit; representing to his Majesty that Congress have caused the same to be compiled & laid before him, under a persuasion that he will find therein such clear proofs both of the validity & importance of all their claims as will silence any pretensions by which they may be opposed; that this representation of the grounds of the said claims was rendered the more essential on the part of Congress by the extreme solicitude of their Constituents with regard to those objects, and by the ardent desire of Congress not only that this just solicitude should be eventually satisfied but that it may be found that every usefull precaution had been taken to that end: that the favorable circumstances under which a negociation is likely to be carried on, afford additional confidence that the issue will not disappoint the expectations of the U. States, nor the zeal with which his Majesty has assured them he shall support their interests, but on the contrary that the magnanimity & wisdom which led his Majesty into the war in their behalf, & which have marked his conduct thro’ the course of it, will appear with fresh lustre in the Act by which it is to be terminated; and that the Alliance & amity which have been cemented by the mingled blood of the two nations, will derive still further stability from the final attainment of the just demands of both of them.


Title: Comments on Instructions to Peace Commissioners, [15 August] 1782
From: Madison, James
To:

Editorial Note
After JM, on behalf of the committee of which he was chairman, presented its report on 15 August (Report on Instructions to Peace Commissioners, 15 August 1782, and n. 1), Theodorick Bland arose to insist that Congress should examine the documents bearing upon the peace negotiations before they were delivered to the secretary for foreign affairs. Joseph Jones then remarked that, although he did not share Bland’s scruple in this regard, he believed that Livingston “should be ordered to report thereon, and not to transmit anything to the Ministers, for negotiating a peace until it had received the approbation of Congress” (Thomson, “Debates,”Charles Thomson, “Debates in the Congress of the Confederation from
        July 22d to September 20th, 1782,” Collections of the New-York
          Historical Society, XI (1878), 63–169. p. 107). The following is what Thomson recorded as JM’s reply to his two colleagues from Virginia.

[15 August 1782]
Mr Madison said it was the design of the Comtt that Congress should give no opinion or judgment in the matter. That the papers should go to our Ministers merely as information, not as instructions; that this would not be the case if Congress decided thereon, or even if the Secretary for Foreign Affairs laid before Congress what he proposed to transmit. For by the instruction of the office for foreign affairs papers going in that way from the Secry for Foreign Affairs to our Ministers abroad were to be considered as acts of Congress & binding on the ministers, whereas the letters and papers from him to them which were not submitted to the view or consideration of Congress were only to be regarded as mere private opinion and information, by which the conduct of the Ministers would be influenced no farther than their judgment directed.


Title: Comments on Edmund Randolph’s “Facts and Observations,” [16 August] 1782
From: Thomson, Charles
To:

Editorial Note
On 16 August 1782 Congress listened to a reading of most of Randolph’s “Facts and Observations in support of the several Claims of the United States not included in their Ultimatum of the 15th of June, 1781” (Report on Instructions to Peace Commissioners, 15 August 1782, n. 5). Although a few of the initial pages are devoted to a defense of the right of the United States to share in the Newfoundland fisheries, most of this long report upholds the claims of the individual states to extend west and northwest to the Mississippi River. Randolph asserted “that if the vacant lands cannot be demanded upon the preceding grounds, that is upon the titles of individual States, they are to be deemed to have been the property of his Britannic Majesty immediately before the Revolution and to be now devolved upon the United States, collectively taken” (Thomson, “Debates,”Charles Thomson, “Debates in the Congress of the Confederation from
        July 22d to September 20th, 1782,” Collections of the New-York
          Historical Society, XI (1878), 63–169. pp. 116, 141).
Upon hearing this “clause” read, Theodorick Bland moved, and was seconded by Arthur Lee, to have it “expunged.” The motion “brought on a long debate,” Thomson recorded, “in which many members spoke” (ibid., p. 141). The delegates from states with fixed boundaries probably were amazed to hear the Virginian JM express a willingness to concede the validity of their argument against the claims of the “landed” states, and especially of Virginia, to the western territory. The following summary of what JM said during the discussion reveals not only awareness of this apparent inconsistency but also of the imperative need, for the sake of obtaining a united front in the peace negotiations, to support a position which he had attacked when taken on the western-lands issue in its domestic aspects. In other words, the United States comprised thirteen sovereignties at home, but they necessarily became one sovereign state in international affairs. These two facets of the Confederation were so dissimilar, constitutionally viewed, that an argument of determinative weight in relation to one of them might be almost irrelevant in relation to the other.

[16 August 1782]
… Mr Madison observed that the clause was imported for the purpose of reconciling all the States to the report, that though he was satisfied there was no solid foundation in the argument, yet he saw plainly if the clause was struck out sundry States would object to the rest of the report & therefore he should be for its standing. But he thought it improper that any vote should be taken.


Title: Benjamin Harrison to Virginia Delegates, 16 August 1782
From: Harrison, Benjamin
To: Virginia Delegates

Gentlemen
Council Chamber August 16th. 1782.
I did not know till the receipt of your favor of the 6th. instant that any application had been made to the Assembly for instructions on the several matters you mention as no Letter on the Subject ever came to my Hands, nor do I know whether the Assembly gave any or not, if they did they must be in the hands of those who brought the matter before them. As to the Affair of Vermont I should suppose you can scarcely wan[t] instructions, for I think I can venture to say if the question was put to the whole Assembly there would not be a single Voice in favor of it, for powerful reasons particularly affecting this State, not less in number then the Letters in the Alphabet. The enclosed resolution respecting the old paper money came to my hands yesterday. I beg the favor of you to make the application to Congress which it requires and to favor me with their determination. I suppose the Intent of it is to put a stop to the issuing any more of the forty for one money. At all events it will save the useless and unnecessary expence of sending it to Philadelphia. I am Gentn. &c.
B. H.


Title: To James Madison from Edmund Randolph, 16 August 1782
From: Randolph, Edmund
To: Madison, James

Dear Sir
Richmond August 16. 1782.
Your favor of the 5th instant remained impenetrable in a great measure, from our misapprehension of the new cypher. I wish that the stimulus, administered in the close of it, had also been among the inscrutable arcana, until I had expiated in my own eyes the delinquency of two weeks. But I trust, that the inevitable cause of the omission which I mentioned last week, will have excused me in yours before the receipt of this letter. Shd. I fail to write by any post, wait until the succeeding one, before you believe, what never shall be believed with justice to my feelings, that I am unmindful of your friendly attention.
As to the great fulcrum of life in the extravagant city of Phila. I can add nothing to what I assured you of in my last: except that I expect to be able by a discount to negotiate your warrants on the auditors. But the tardy hand of the collector damps my hope of remitting to you from the treasury.
The information, which I have hitherto transmitted to you, concerning the ardor of the british to diffuse their merchandize, has been confirmed by a late example. A flag was sent from hence to New-York, and it is believed, nay it is certain, altho’ it cannot be proved, that she returned home, well stocked with goods. Offences of this sort are not, I fancy, comprehended within any law of our own state, nor of the U. S. But as the seller would fail in his purpose, if buyers were wanting, it may not disgrace the wisdom of congress to recommend something on this subject. On the contrary, may not the constant repetition of your abhorrence of british manufacturers, whensoever a fair occasion shall offer itself, support the views, which you first had in recommending laws against their introduction.
The captain of this same flag has also brought back some of the proscribed citizens of this commonwealth. Here too penalties are silent. The next assembly will probably cure the defect: but in what manner it is difficult to say. For should ever a british subject land in any other state, and acquire the rights of citizenship, we cannot refuse his admittance here, unless we oppose the confederation. Perhaps, however, congress have entered into some explanation of this part of their constitution, so as to reconcile it with our particular law. You recollect that the affair was agitated in the winter. I wish to know the report of the committee on it. We may indeed punish the captain for shipping these citizens on board at New-York and bringing them immediately from thence: but of what avail will this be, if they may be landed at South-Quay, inaugurate themselves into citizenship before a magistrate of N. Carolina; and return on board immediately for Virginia, or even travel hither by land? Have you ever heard in Philadelphia a report, which has been whispered here, and the truth of which I cannot assent to, concerning the unpopularity of General Green with his army? It is supposed to have arisen from a dispute with an officer of rank; in which words of intem[perance?] and abuse fell from the mouth of this prudent man. Nothing could have occasioned this unguarded conduct but an unparralleled and as-yet-incredible revolution in his temper. I know him personally and from hence I argue the impossibility of the event. Should it be true, and some future occasion call for a repetition of the sufferings of his army under hunger and nakedness, their former fortitude may yield to the impressions of discontent
The governor will, I suppose, mention in his public letter to the delegation the appointment of commissioners by General Greene to accommodate all differences with the southern Indians. We were interrupted in our conversation on this subject; but I conjecture (perhaps however without sufficient grounds) that the settlement of limits will be a great object You may learn a fuller account of this matter from your co-assessors from South Carolina.
By a friend, who left Williamsburg on sunday last, I am informed of the dangerous illness of my inestimable aunt. I fear, when I compare her age, her disorder, and the violence of the present attack together, that I shall be soon deprived of a second mother, and a relation having equal affection and partiality for me as if she had been connected with me by the nearest ties of blood. This loss should it happen may produce a new arrangement in my affairs: and give a new turn to my resolution with respect to my return to congress. But of this you will shortly hear more.
I forgot to say, when I spoke of money, that if I can procure a draught upon Phila. from Colo. Clarke, who will be here in a few days I will destroy the necessity of your drawing on me as I mentioned in my last letter.
Adieu.


Title: Virginia Delegates to Benjamin Harrison, [ca. 20] August 1782
From: Virginia Delegates
To: Harrison, Benjamin

Sr.
Philadelphia [ca. 20] Augt. 1782
We have been duely hond. with your Excellys of the 8th Inst. Since our last such a dearth of Intelligence has prevaild that not one Circumstance worth relating has reachd this place or Congress from Europe or elsewhere. We have only to Inform your Excellency that among the Prisoners arrived at this Place from Mill & Fortune Prisons in England (from whence all the American Marine Prisoners have been sent to America) were about forty belonging to our state who have applied to us for relief [.] Yr. Excellency well knows that no provision has been put into our power for such purposes; which are very frequently occurring, notwithstanding we have frequently urged the Policy and necessity of it. On this occasion, both policy & Humanity have dictated to us to endeavor to procure by a draught on the treasury of Virginia to the amount of about thirty Pounds Pensylvania Currency, which we hope will be honord, and for which we hope we shall stand exculpated, when tis considerd that inattention to this usefull body of men in their distress might deprive the commerce of the State of their Services, of which it at present stands so much in need. we have the Honr. to be most respectfully,
Yr. Ecellys. Most obedt. Servts.
Theok: Bland Jr.J Madison JrA Lee.


Title: From James Madison to Edmund Pendleton, 20 August 1782
From: Madison, James
To: Pendleton, Edmund

Dear Sir
Philada. Aug: 20th. 1782.
At the date of my last I had little doubt that the post of this week would have conveyed you some further lights on the subject of negociations for peace. A continuation of the silence of our foreign Ministers has disappointed me. The extreme length of this silence is very remarkable and distressing. The risks to which their dispatches are exposed will not explain it [?] without supposing them to have been peculiarly unfortunate.
Messrs. Carlton & Digby have made no further communications nor propositions. A Number of the Prisoners from the Goals of England have arrived here conformably to the intimation given in their letter to Gen Washington.
The Gazette you will find informs us that the French fleet has gone into Boston. It quitted its [stay?] about the Hook very unluckily a little before the arrival of the garrison &c. from Savannah.
I am Dr Sir yrs very affectionately
J Madison Jr.


Title: From James Madison to Edmund Randolph, 20 August 1782
From: Madison, James
To: Randolph, Edmund

My dear Friend,
Philada. Aug: 20th 1782
In my last I informed you that the motion to rescind the controul given to France over the American ministers had been parried and would probably end in an adoption of your report It was parried by a substitute so expressed as to give a committee sufficient latitude in reporting without implying on the part of Congress a design to alter past instructions The composition of the committee appointed according well with the object of the substitute a report was made that the expository report should be referred to the secretar[y] for foreign affairs to be by him revised and transmitted to the ministers in Europe and that the latter should communicate so much thereof as they might judge fit to his M C M representing to him &c
In this train the business was going on smoothly each of the opposite partys seeming to concur, from a fear of some thing more distant from their wishes—when
Mr. L.——l— The reading of the argument in favor of boundary drawn from the federal source presented to Bland a snake in the grass This jealousy was supported by Lee by suggestions which pointed to Franklin The arguments used by these gentlemen raised up the advocates for the federal pretensions and the merits of this question were altercated with a warmth which ended in an adjournment nothing could have been more fatal to the report than to connect this dispute with it in the mind of Congress and I have no longer any hope of its success I rather surmise that a new struggle will ensue against the obnoxious clause
I am at a loss to account for the impenetrability of the cypher in my late letters, of which your favor of the 6th. instant complains. I regret it too the more as I have since made liberal use of it. The rule I have observed has been to select the colums beginning with the several letters of the Key word, to arrange them in the same order in which thes[e] letters follow each other in the Key word and to use them in that rotation, always beginning afresh after the use of a word syllable or letter written in the usual character, & often throwing in these characters merely to break a sentence or paragraph into parts, & thereby circumscribe the influence of an error. This explanation I hope will be satisfactory. The printed cypher of Mr. Livingston is too large for four sheets to be sent by the Post as you propose. If a private conveyance offers I shall embrace it.
Your very friendly attention to my pecuniary affairs lays me under a very great obligation. Nothing but the utmost distress will induce me [to] encroach on your Tobo. which I consider as possessing an intrinsic value too far beyond its immediate price to be unnecessarily disposed of. I inclose you an authority to obtain any aid which the Auditors may be able to afford. As my accounts already transmitted specify all the monies recd. prior to the 20th. of March I am at a loss to understand why they cannot be settled up to that date at least. Is the depreciation to be liquidated by the scale established by Congress—by Pena. or by Virga.? I have red. since that date £281.5. Pena. Currency, of Mr. Whitesides in consequence of arrangements made with him by Mr. Ross.
The stigma on “Some of the U.S.” contained in the preamble to the Ordinance agst. collusive captures is a typographical erratum. It sd. have run “some of the citizens &c.
I differ from Mr. L. in opinion that the Cession of Va. will be accepted. The repugnance to it seems indeed to have in some degree subsided, owing perhaps to a change of members in Congress, and a cooler view of the subject, but in its present form I cannot think it will at this time obtain a sufficient number of votes.
Upon what authority was the condemnation of the flag vessel included in the decree agst. the contraband merchandize?
I am not able to add a syllable to what I have heretofore written on the subject of Paciefic negociations. The silence of our Ministers in Europe is amazing, unless a miscarriage of their despatches be the cause of our not hearing from them. The Minister of France is in the same suspense as Congress. We have not yet recd. even a line from Mr. Adams notifying the resolution of the States Genl. in his favor; an event which we cannot suppose he would be backward to communicate. I inclose you from the Freeman’s Journal of the 7th. inst: a very curious letter from that Gentln. to his friend Mr. Searle which was taken with the Vessel from which the latter escaped in the Bay of Delaware & published in N.Y.
I have no other information relative to the French fleet than what you will receive from the Gazettes. It seems they very unluckily left the tract to N. York a little before the arrival of a fleet with the Garrison & Stores of Savannah.
The description you give of the drought in Virga. is equally suited to this Country since their Wheat Harvest. New Jersey & Maryland are under the same calamity. The States East of the North River have escaped this providential visitation.


Title: Benjamin Harrison to Virginia Delegates, 23 August 1782
From: Harrison, Benjamin
To: Virginia Delegates

Gentlemen
Virginia Council Chamber Aust: 23th: 82.
I recd. your favor of the 13th. instant. It gives me real pleasure to find the English Ministry seriously inclined to peace, yet I agree with you, it would be imprudent to relax in our preparations for War. I find by the resolutions of Congress that they are not inclined to any kind of restitution to the refugees. May not this be carried too far? those who have been in Arms have justly forfeited their Estates, but it is doubtful with me whether there is any kind of Justice in refusing restitution to those who have only differed with us in Opinion. A question will also arise whether in our Situation it would be prudent to continue the War at the expence of four Times the Sum we shall gain by the forfeitures and at a risque of loossing even Independence for I think you may rest assured our Allies will not stick by us (their own ends being served) for such a trifling consideration. I enclose you Colo. Lavaletes Letter on the demolition of the Works at York, if it has been mistranslated to me, you will find my charge against the good Gen. Lincoln was not so precipitate as he thinks. As the Colo. was the commanding Officer I had no right to dispute his Word, or to call for his Instructions, my Line of Conduct was to forbid in the most positive Manner his proceeding, even if he had the Orders. I am fully satisfied that Lavalete has been to blame, and that my good friend the General has acted with his usual prudence. You will please to give him a sight of the Colo. Letter and the Matter I expect will be made up: if he thinks it worth his while, which I do not, he may call on the Colo. who is now at the Head of Elk. Mr. Vaudrueil gave me no Intimation of his intention either to protect the Trade or to furnish Convoys which I am sorry for, as we have a great quantity of flour in the Country, the shipping which would have been advantageous to the State as well as to our friends in the West Indies. On the requis[it]ion of Congress thro’ Gen. Lincoln, I have ordered 150 Militia to strengthen fort Pitt, tho’ I really have no Authority to send Men out of the State, and have an Hundred Men already, besides the Militia of Monongalia in that Quarter, for the Defence of our Frontier and knowing the importance of that Post to this Country, I have ordered 1700 Men under the command of Gen. Edwd. Stevens to hold themselves in readiness to march at the shortest warning to its relief if it should be invested, tho’ I fear if the event takes place the fort must fall, before they can get to it. Ought not Gen: Irvine to have given me notice of his Situation at the same time that he gave it to Congress, knowing that relief could sooner come from this State than any other. I am with respect &c.
B. H.


Title: To James Madison from Jacquelin Ambler, 24 August 1782
From: Ambler, Jacquelin
To: Madison, James

Dear Sir
Richmond 24th August 1782
On confering again with the Auditors I find they have altered their opinion with respect to the mode of liquidating the Accounts of the Delegates. Mr. Stark tells me it will be necessary for you to transmit one expressing the number of days you have acted in that capacity from your first appointment, and charging for each day 8 Dollars. The Account to be credited with the several payments which may have been made, reducing those of Paper Curry into Specie agreeable to the Scale of depreciation where and when they were made. You are charged he says in December 1779 with £2000. and, as he supposes this sum was paid you before you left Virginia, you will think it right to reduce it according to our Scale. It will probably be three or four weeks before this Account reaches me, I shall therefore in the meantime apply to the Auditors for a Warrant in your favor on Accot. and give the Attorney every aid in my power towards making you a remittance from it.
I wish Carlton’s letter may not raise our expectations too high. Britain does not seem to have lost sight of the hope of seperating us some how or other from our good Allies. We impatiently wait the arrival of further intelligence on this important subject.
Yours with great regard
J. A.


Title: To James Madison from Edmund Randolph, 24 August 1782
From: Randolph, Edmund
To: Madison, James

Dear Sir
Richmond August 24. 1782.
I fear much from the insidious views of the enemy in the overtures of peace, communicated in your favors of the 12th and 13th. instant: both of which came to hand on the same day. Most people here flatter themselves with the hope of an immediate peace. To me it does not seem to be hastened an iota by the motions of Mr. Grenville, farther than that the time, which will be some day or other spent in attempts upon the fidelity of the allies, will now perhaps once for all be run over. He cannot be more than an exploring bird; sent out to inquire into the pretensions and weak sides of the belligerent parties. If immediate peace were intended, would Fox encourage his enemy by the boldness, with which he pourtrays the distresses of his nation? The resignation of Canada as a 14th. State is too magnificent for belief: and mars the rest of Mr. Blake’s account.
But surely the king of Great Britain means nothing more, than to offer us his submission to our independence upon base terms and upon the rejection of the offer to make a forcible appeal to those, who sigh for peace. The fracture of the alliance is certainly the condition. Should France, altho’ at the commencement of the war her object was single, have extended her prospects, as she might rightfully do, during the various events of it, and demand the cession of territory to herself—Europe and America will resound with invectives against the conversion of her former disinterestedness into an appetite for acquiring. The impression of these manoeuvres on the minds of the weak may perhaps be great.
Three days ago we were informed that a large fleet, consisting of no less than eighty sail, were seen within our capes. This story naturally brought to our recollection the embarkation at New York. But it cannot be said to have alarmed us. From the want of confirmation, I am well satisfied, that a speculator was concerned in its fabrication.
I cannot derive any aid from the treasury for you. Not intending to forbid the resources, contained in my two last letters, suffer me to add another. The inclosed note to a Jew, who lives at one Israel Myers’s in Market Street, will perhaps operate something. He knows me well and my punctuality too. His partner in Richmond knows me also.
I have heard nothing from Mr. Jefferson lately. The imminent danger of his lady must be the cause of his silence on the subject of western territory.
Mr. Henry, it is said, is resolved not to return to the assembly, even at the next session. Draw from hence your own conclusions.
Adieu, my dear friend; and attribute the barrenness of this letter to the scantiness of events. Remind Mr. Jones of my sincere esteem for him.


Title: To James Madison from Edmund Pendleton, 26 August 1782
From: Pendleton, Edmund
To: Madison, James

Dear Sir
Virga. Aug. 26th 1782
Your favr. of the 13th gives great hope that Peace is approaching fast. There are some circumstances unfavourable, such as the Attention in the Exchange of Prisoners to their soldiers being at liberty to serve agt our Allies immediately, & against America after a year, and Genl. Carleton’s Declarations convey an Idea so flatering as to create Suspicion of their Sincerity. Yet the terms, after the voluntary recognition of our Independence, appear such as might be reasonable to all Parties. for as to Our part, as an individual, I declare my sentiments not to hesitate in restoring the confiscated property, either upon the ground, of Mistake in the Original measure, or that the value of them bears no kind of proportion to the inconvenience of continuing the War: even the expence and disappointments in trade would soon exhaust that Subject, but I consider the life of one valuable Citizen as greatly overballancing the whole of it. It would therefore be my opinion to be as prompt in our Concession to this, as Britain was in yielding the great Point, and as to the fishery I suppose we do not require more than is offered—so that if our Allies are Satisfied, I se[e] nothing in the whole prospect to interrupt the Negotiation or prevent its conclusion; however we should never loose sight of the caution impressed by the experience of all Ages, to increase rather than relax our preparations for War to the last period of the Treaty.
We have been amused for some days with a Report of a large Fleet in our Bay & a heavy Cannonade on their Entry, which is said by others to be without foundation—how it is I can’t determine, nor was it ever said whether they were friends or Enemies: three or four British deserters have appeared on James River; Listed several slaves whom they armed from a Magazine in Goochland & then set fire to it. We have caught one of the slaves who says they intend to destroy other Magazines, A Party is after the whole & ’tis hoped they may be taken soon.
It is my Opinion that it would be wisdom on the part of Britain to yield Canada as a 14th Member of the Union, since the event at some future period is more than probable, and a War may precede it; yet I cannot but consider the Spontaneous hinting of it [in] the manner it has been done, as having a deep, insideous intention on our Integrity—to decide what would be right on that head in the Treaty, independent of the Interest of the contracting powers, would seem to be to leave it to the Canadians to choose the party they would be annexed to.
I am much obliged, and so is my Nephew, by yr Attention to his Runaway; his Overseer has been out these 10 days in pursuit of him & is not return’d, He was certainly with the French Army at Baltimore, where I hope the Overseer will reclaim him.

We have had some fine rains which have done much good, but were partial & leave many parts of the state in distressful apprehensions of the want of bread. I am
Dr Sr Yr Affe & obt
Edmd. Pendleton


Title: Virginia Delegates to Benjamin Harrison, 27 August 1782
From: Virginia Delegates
To: Harrison, Benjamin

Sr.
Philadelphia Augt. 27th. 1782
We were yesterday Hond. with your Excellys letter by post dated Augt. 16th. together with the resolution of the Assembly 2d. July 1782. we shall pay due attention to your desire concerning the Resolution and in our next transmit your Excelly. an account of what steps Congress shall direct to be taken therein. No European news of the smallest consequence has come to hand, since our last to your Excelly The arrival of a British Fleet of 18 or 20 Sail of the line at New York within these few days has been reported but is at least doubtfull the French fleet are in Boston Harbor and the Van of the French Army is expected at this place on their way to the Northward in two or three days. Mr. Jones our Colleague arrived here a few days ago but from the indisposition of himself and Family has thought it necessary to retire into the Country. with some difficulty we negotiated a small Bill (last post) on the treasury, to enable us to relieve and send home some poor seamen who had arrived in a Cartel, from Mill & fortune Prisons in England, and altho forty belonging to our state arrived at this place, yet we have not been applied to by more than nine or ten as yet—the rest we Imagine, have enterd in this and the neighbouring states before we were enabled to procure them relief. we flatter ourselves our Bill has been honord. we are unhappy to find, since that, no entreaty, or industry is sufficient to procure one shilling for a Draught for any part of our Sallaries. we are at present much distressd for money, and unless it can be remitted to us either in Bills on this Place, Bank notes or Notes of Mr. Morris we foresee great inconveniencies to ourselves. we therefore hope your Excellency will direct such measures to be taken as will obviate them. the Balance of trade is so much against Virginia with this place that on every application for money on a Draught we are answerd “we want no draught on Virginia we want money from thence.” we have the Honor to be with all possible respect
Yr. Excellys. most obedt. & very H: Serts.
J Madison Jr.Theok: Bland


Title: Benjamin Harrison to Virginia Delegates, 30 August 1782
From: Harrison, Benjamin
To: Virginia Delegates

Gentlemen,
Council Chamber Augt. 30th. 1782.
I recd. some time ago the Journals of Congress that you sent me but find they are not complete those of 79 being wanting be so good as to send them by the first Oppery.
Some prisoners return’d from New York have enfused an Opinion into the Heads of our people that their Negros carried away by the Enemy may be obtain’d from Sir Guy Carleton if I would permit them to go with a Flag for them Applications have been made for such a permission which I thought myself bound to refuse as the Intercourse would be dangerous and the Obligation if they were successful might have too powerful an influence over their future Conduct. I have however on the earnest solicitation of Mr. Willoughby who had had ninety taken from him and is thereby ruin’d promis’d to write to you on the Subject, to know in what light such a Step would be look’d on by Congress, and I beg the favor of you to give me your Opinion. One powerful Motive that induced Mr. Willoughby to apply so early was that his informant told him that on the prospects of peace the privateers Men were kidnaping them and sending them to the West indies, and that in a little Time there would be very few left in N. York. if it should be the case can no step be taken to put a Stop to the practice. Your Bill for support of the prisoners return’d from captivity shall be duly honor’d. I am &c
B. H.


Title: To James Madison from Edmund Randolph, 30 August 1782
From: Randolph, Edmund
To: Madison, James

Dear sir
Richmond August 30. 1782.
I am rejoiced to hear from Mr. F. Webb, that a succour, altho’ it is moderate, is to be forwarded by Mr. Ambler by the present mail. He can best tell you, how the prospect is of future puncituality towards the suffering creditors of our country: but I am really sanguine in expecting more regular supplies to the servants of the public. I yesterday urged the jew, (whose partner I wrote to, inclosing the note in my last letter to you,) to negotiate some of your draughts on the treasury. But the fervor, which has been transmitted to him from Phila., for the collection of tobacco, is now in its utmost rage in his breast, and fathers his disposition to oblige me. But hesitate not to use me, for the paroxysm of your distress, since you will not inlist me into your aid, while the disorder may be warded off, and believe, that I shall do for your relief whatsoever shall at any time be within my reach. I delivered your letter to the auditors; and have not as yet received their report. But it is clear, that the depreciation ought not to be settled according to our own scale, as the expenditures were made at a place, very far distant from the meridian, to which that scale is fitted. I shall inquire on my return from Wmsburg, (whither I shall bend my course to morrow) for an answer to my request of settlement of your accounts.
The laxness and inefficacy of government really alarms me. A notorious robber, who escaped from gaol about a twelvemonth ago, has associated in his villainies a formidable gang of blacks and whites, supposed to amount to fifty. They disperse themselves judiciously for the accomplishment of their work, and the elusion of punishment: and have perpetrated some of the most daring and horrid thefts. An attempt has been often made to arrest this prince of the banditti: but it has hitherto miscarried. Nay I do not believe, that government can by any means in its power effect the seizure of this man. I live in the center of the late depredations, and have no other hope to avoid their wickedness, than by the awe, which my office may create.
You demand the authority, on which the flag vessel was condemned. Her passport was considered as involving a condition, not to transgress the limits, assigned her, nor to counteract the laws of the U.S. by the diffusion of british Manufactures. This condition was drawn from the 21. cap: of the third book of Grotius. The operation then produced by the violation of the condition was to reduce her to the state of hostile property, without sanction or protection. As to the goods, I presume, you desire no new information.
I do not recollect, whether I informed you, that the money, to be raised for recruiting our quota of the army, is paid with great promptness. But I have been told by one of the collectors, that many industrious people, not farther from Richmond than ten miles, and possessing three or four working hands cannot pay their proportion which does not exceed a dollar without selling part of their capital. So little, you find, has specie condescended to mix with the great mass of our citizens.
My business at Wmsburg. is, as a visitor of the college. Some of us will labour, if we have not too far exhausted the funds, to restore it to its process[?] of an university, and give it the energy which the new institution possessed before the invasion. Having been a member of the convocation yourself, at the time, when the professorships were thrown into their present mould, you must recollect that Mr. Bracken was ousted from his superintendance of the grammar school by the destruction of the school itself. He refuses to submit to the change of system, having resolved to try the force of law. I am fearful, that his firmness may occasion a motion for replacing that injurious professorship. The event, should it succeed, will be ruinous.
The hope of peace, while it renders James river tobacco a commodity of very great demand, increases the value of the land in the neighbourhood of the warehouses. For twenty feet of ground in front and twenty four back, on a street of this obscure place, the owner demanded the other day five hundred pounds.
It is lamentable to behold the produces of our labour, remitted to Philadelphia. Ready money can always be procured for tobacco. But this kind of purchase is no sooner saturate[d], than the vital blood returns to the heart, and there rests, until fresh purchases throw it back again. I do not ever hear of Morris’s notes. Have they been thrust upon him?
We have received no late accounts from the westward, except that the indians have perpetrated great mischief. The wound, which the massacre of Crawford and his party has given to the affection of their relations, will put it in the power of congress or of this state, to raise many volontiers, who pant after revenge.
From the eastward and southward we hear nothing.


Title: To James Madison from Jacquelin Ambler, 31 August 1782
From: Ambler, Jacquelin
To: Madison, James

Dear Sir
Richmond Virginia 31. Aug. 1782
I do myself the pleasure to transmit you Mr. Harrison’s first Bill on Monsr. Holker for two hundred Dollars. Mr. Harrison gives every assurance that it will be paid at ten days sight certainly, but he hopes before. I am sorry a larger sum could not be sent you, but am in hopes some addition may be made to it thro’ the same channel e’er long. A Friend of yours obtained a Warrant from the Board of Auditors on the 29th. inst. for £60. (in part) on your Account which was vested in the inclosed Bill.
Nothing here but what the Papers of the day communicate. I am with great regard
Your friend & Servt.
J. Ambler


Title: Motion Concerning the “America,” [3 September] 1782
From: Madison, James
To:

Editorial Note
While entering Boston Harbor on 10 August against a strong head wind and under the guidance of a local pilot, the “Magnifique” struck a submerged rock, partially capsized, and was wrecked beyond recovery. Hearing of the disaster, Robert Morris asked Congress on 3 September to appoint a committee to confer with him. In his dual role of agent of marine and superintendent of finance, he viewed the loss of the “Magnifique” as an opportunity to solve the problem of the “America,” to use her as a tangible expression of the gratitude of the United States to France, to atone for a misfortune which in considerable measure had been caused by a rash pilot, and to prepare the way for asking King Louis XVI to lend more money to the United States. Although the keel of the “America” had been laid at Portsmouth, N.H., in 1777 and John Paul Jones had been chosen by Congress on 26 June 1781 to be her commander, she was still not finished over a year later. Lacking funds “to fit, equip, and man” her, Morris was gratified to find that the committee appointed to confer with him agreed “unanimously” with his proposal (Samuel Eliot Morison, John Paul Jones: A Sailor’s Biography [Boston, 1959], pp. 315, 318–26; William E. O’Donnell, Chevalier de La Luzerne, p. 192, n. 37; Wharton, Revolutionary Diplomatic CorrespondenceFrancis Wharton, ed., The Revolutionary
          Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States (6 vols.; Washington, 1889)., V, 678 and n.; JCCWorthington Chauncey Ford et al.,
        eds., Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774–1789 (34
        vols.; Washington, 1904–37)., XX, 698; JM to Randolph, 10 September 1782).

[3 September 1782]
Whereas the Magnifique a 74 gun ship belonging to the Fleet of his M. C. M. commanded by the Marquis de Vaudreul, has been lately lost by accident in the Harbour of Boston: & Congress are desirous of testifying on this occasion to his Majesty, the sense they entertain of his generous exertions in behalf of the U. States
Resolved That the Agent of Marine be instructed to present the America a 74 gun ship in the name of the U. States to the Chevr. de la Luzerne for the service of his M. C. M.


Title: From James Madison to Edmund Pendleton, 3 September 1782
From: Madison, James
To: Pendleton, Edmund

Dear Sir
Philada. Sepr. 3. 1782.
The cautious ear which your favr. of the 26 Aug. shews that you gave to the communications of Genl Carlton is fully justified by the insidious marks they bear as well as by the general tenor of British proceedings. I am sorry that I am obliged to repeat my inability to add any new lights from Europe on this interesting subject. We are unhappily left exposed to all the misrepresentations which the Enemy may please to practise upon us.
It appears from a New York paper that the British Commander in Charleston had given notice on the 7th. Ulto: to the Inhabitants that he meant speedily to evacuate that Garrison; with an offer to transport to Augustine or elsewhere such as chose to adhere to the British cause. This information will probably have reached you before this does. The fermentation at New York is said to be much increased by it. We have no other materials for ascertaining the probability of an evacuation of the latter port than you will be possessed of.
I have seen nothing of the man in pursuit of your Nephews slave, from which as the French troops are now passing thro’ this place, I infer that he has fulfilled his mission & returned. A slight indisposition for some days past has kept me from being about as much as I otherwise should I have however made application to Mr. de Marbois for his advice as to the most proper Course to be pursued; and he thinks it will be best to postpone a search under the orders of the Commanders till the army shall be stationary again. This will not I suppose be the case till they reach their destination. At present they march in several divisions and halt but one day here. The implication which the frequent applications of this sort carry of at least a defect of vigilan[c]e against an illicit resort of slaves to the army renders them I believe rather unpleasant. If the overseer should not have recovered the slave & you have no acquaintances where the Army may finally halt, I will take every step in my power to have him found out & secured.
The effects of the dry weather here although less than you describe them in Virginia are very considerable already in the markets, and particularly in the article of forage. On the other side the rumors of peace have produced some abatement in the prices of imported articles.
Mr. Jones & his lady are mending fast but are not yet sufficiently recovered to remove from their present salubrious situation into the City.
I forgot to mention the unlucky accident which had happened to a ship of the line belonging to our Allies in Boston Harbour. As I observe however that it is published in the gazette, I need only confirm the fact.


Title: From James Madison to Edmund Randolph, 3 September 1782
From: Madison, James
To: Randolph, Edmund

Dear Sir
Philada. Sepr: 3d. 1782.
You will again be disappointed at the opening of this, since it will contain no European intelligence on the subject of peace. Among other reasons which render it astonishing that we should be so long uninformed, a material one is, that neither the Court of France nor our Ministers can be insensible of the inexpediency of leaving the people at large so much exposed to misrepresentations of the Enemy. I am happy to find by your letter of the 24th. and those recd. from my other correspondents by yesterday’s post that so cautious an ear is given to every thing which comes from them of a flattering aspect.
The inclosed hand bill published a few days ago will inform you of the steps taken at Charlestown towards an evacuation of that place. It is said to have given fresh violence to the fermentations at New York.
Another petition from Kentucki has been received by Congress; contending for the right of Congress to create new states and praying for an exertion of it in their behalf A copy will be sent to the Governor by the delegates Mr. Lee moved that the original should be referrd to him by Congress. The debate which ensued was terminated by an adjourment and has not been revived
General Washington writes to Congress that Carlton had concurred in the proposition for a general Cartel so far as to appoint a Commissr. for that purpose. There is little probability however that he has authority to settle such a cartel on the principles which Congress had in view, namely those of a national convention. It was thought by some that this would put to the test the sincerity of their professions on the subject of independence.
I believe I did not acquaint you on a former occasion that the prisoners who have lately returned from captivity in England were discharged in consequence of an agreement by Franklin that a like number of the army of Cornwallis should be given for them. This bold step at first gave much offence. Compassion however for the patriotic captives stifled reproaches They will probably come out yet unless subsequent events discountenance them
There are it seems three letters in the post office from Carlton to the Governor which do not appear to have been licenced nor is it known how they got into that channel. The curiosity of people on this point is inconceivable
A very unlucky accident has happened to one of the fleet of our allies. After it got safe into the Harbour of Boston, the unskilfulness or negligences of a pilot suffered a 74 to strike on a rock, the wound occasioned by which proved mortal. Most of the furniture has been saved.
I have not yet presented the note to Cowan which you have been so good as to enclose to me. The general obstacle to advances here to be replaced in Virga. has been the ballance in trade agst. the latter. This is the current answer to attempts to negociate draughts on Virga. My next will inform you of the result of the experiment of your note. If its success depends merely on a confidence in your credit, it will certainly be productive. Mr. Ross has unlimited credit in this place, may it not be made instrumental to our supply? At least it would be well to consult him when an occasion presents. His bills on Whiteside will command any sum that may be wanted.
Our friend Jones & his family have experienced much efficacy from the climate of Germantown. It will however be some days, perhaps weeks, before he fixes his abode in the City. The difficulty of getting a proper house seems likely to prove as tedious an obstacle as the convalescence of his family.
The french army has been passing through this place for several days Northward. The last division will pass tomorrow or the day after. The praises bestowed on their discipline & sobriety in Virginia, are repeated here with equal cordiality and justice.


Title: Benjamin Harrison to Virginia Delegates, 6 September 1782
From: Harrison, Benjamin
To: Virginia Delegates

Gentlemen
Virginia Council Chamber. Sept. 6th. 1782
This just serves to acknowledge the receipt of your favor of the 27th ulto. We have as great a dearth of News or interesting occurrences as you have at Philadelphia.
The taxes begin now to come in and I have my hopes you will be no more in the Hands of Usurers, I will take care to let the Treasurer know your Situation and am confident he will pay particular attention to your Necessities, I am &c.
B. H.


Title: To James Madison from Edmund Randolph, 7 September 1782
From: Randolph, Edmund
To: Madison, James

Dear sir
Richmond Sepr. 7. 1782.
I waited upon Mr. Ambler to shew him your letter by yesterday’s post, but he was too much indisposed to have communication with any person. Mr. Morris’s agent has not been in town for some days past, which makes his interposition impracticable at present. I have been told that specie comes in in decent quantities. If so Mr. A’s attention will no doubt secure you this preemption and mine shall keep him in constant remembrance of your difficulties. Let me suggest another expedient. Tobacco is certainly the object of Philadelphia Merchants, and remittances are daily made of money for the purchase. Draw a bill on the treasury at 10 days sight, or if suitable to the buyer, at a longer sight, and assure him, as you may assure yourself, that if the amount is not discharged by the public I will do it in three days afterwards.
It is said, but with what authority I cannot discover, that a british fleet is now in our bay, consisting of between 20 and 30 ships of the line. Of this report, if it be true, the governor will no doubt apprize you.
At the visitation on Monday last little was done or to be done but the discussion of Mr. Bracken’s proposals to accept the professorship for Brafferton on certain conditions. But he having receded from his original overtures, and the visitors seeming to abhor a composition on their part, notice was given to him to abandon the house, which is one of the appendages of the Brafferton school. Thus far our reformation continues to receive support. But some of the gentlemen, who scrupled at the deposition of the grammar school, appear to doubt our power to establish the new professorships. I fear, that the next meeting will have a stroke at law and physick. The Dr. has however liberated them from this embarrassment by being on the point of residing in Phila. Should the law-school be overturned, the college will be reduced to a desart.
Nothing of consequence or certainty from any source of intelligence.


Title: To James Madison from Edmund Pendleton, 9 September 1782
From: Pendleton, Edmund
To: Madison, James

Dr Sir
Virga. Septr 9th 1782
If the feelings of all my countrymen were as much wounded as mine are by your situation hinted at in yr favr of the 27th past you would soon be in one more agreable to yrself & honourable to yr Countrey. I can say no more on the hated subject.
Since my last we have Intelligence that my nephew’s slave was recovered & confined in Baltimore Goal. A Messenger is gone for him, who I hope will be more successful in getting him home than former ones were. I fear my last may have given you some unnecessary trouble as to him, tho’ Yr Interposition may have proved serviceable to others.
The embarkations for Canada from Charles Town & New York lately Announced in yr papers, have opened a new train of Conjecture, upon a probable intention of Genl. Washington to march into that Countrey, and many others wch I won’t trouble you with. In the mean time I cant help feeling compassion for the poor repentg Refugees at New York, & which they may experience as much Lenity as is consistent with Justice & the general good of the States; No doubt the Inhabitants of Jersey must possess the keenest resentment for the loss of their near & dear relatives, and injury to their property, but as it is the common calamity of War, and the former will not admit of Specific restitution or compensation; there is more magnanimity in forgiving it than in revenging, upon persons now in our power, what perhaps they did not perpetrate. As to the latter, something by way of fine in the mode of South Carolina, so as to bear upon their property, might not be unreasonable. I am very sorry to observe the Pennsylvania Assembly entering so early a Caveat against the restitution of confiscated property, Influenced no doubt by the Magnitude of the Proprietory Interest, and the Estates of some fat Dons, and perhaps their Mercantile Interest may not lead to Peace at all. But great as the Value of those Estates may be, I am persuaded the continuance of the War for a short time, would in point of Expence and in the diminution of Proffit to be expected from a free & general trade over ballance it. I mean to the people in Genl.—some individuals perhaps one their mushroom growth to the War, & must die with it.
I am sorry to hear our friend Mr Jones, his Lady & Son are unwell. I hope the Northern Air, as he is prudently retired from the City, will soon recover them. pray present them my Complts.
I have just heard of a successful engagement our Army have had with the British & Indians near Pitsburg, but not the Particulars.
A returning drought has in a great measure defeated the hopes respecting our Crop of corn, raised by a fine rain about 3 weeks agoe, & that crop, as well as tobo will be short. I am
Dr Sr Yr very Affe & obt Servt.
Edmd Pendleton


Title: Virginia Delegates to Benjamin Harrison, 10 September 1782
From: Virginia Delegates
To: Harrison, Benjamin

Sir
Philada. Sepr. 10. 1782.
Your Excellency’s favors of the 23. and 30. Ulto. were recd. yesterday. Not recollecting that any resolutions of Congress declaratory of their ultimate sense with regard to confiscations, have been published, we apprehend that some mistake must have led to your remarks on that subject. The Journals of Congress for 1779 are not yet compleated. As soon as they are you shall be furnished with a copy. The propriety of applications to the British Commander for a restitution of slaves having never been agitated in Congress, it is impossible for us to inform you with certainty in what light such a Step would be viewed by them. We can only say that in general, all separate & partial transactions between individual States and the Enemy are considered as disaccording with the Spirit of the confederacy, that a solicitation of favors from the Enemy at this juncture may not be very politic, and that there does not appear to us any sufficient evidence that the application in question is made would be attended with success.
The loss of the Magnifique a French Ship of 74-Guns in the Harbour of Boston, was thought by Congress a fit occasion for testifying their sense of the exertions of our Ally in favor of the U States; and they have accordingly directed the Ship America to be presented to the Chevr. de la Luzerne for the service of his Most Christian Majesty.
General Washington has moved with the chief part of his army down to Verplank’s point. Seven Ships of the line, part of a fleet from the West Indies commanded by Admiral Hood, are arrived at New York; and 15,00 foreign troops have embarked at that place for Halifax.
The Gazette herewith enclosed contains all the intelligence which has yet transpired from the packet lately arrived at N. York from England. Congress are still destitute of intelligence from their Ministers in Europe. The Minister of France is in the same predicament with respect to his Court.
It may not perhaps be amiss to suggest to your Excellency that advantage will probably be taken of this seeming reverse in the prospect of peace, to speculate on the staple of Virginia. We hope our Country men will be on their guard against such artifices.
We have the honor to be with sentiments of the highest regard yr Excelly’s obt. servts
Theok: Bland JrA LeeJ. Madison Jr.Jos: Jones


Title: From James Madison to Edmund Randolph, 10 September 1782
From: Madison, James
To: Randolph, Edmund

My dear Sir
Philada. Sepr. 10th. 1782
The loss of the French 74 in Boston Harbour presented an occasion which was embraced by Congress, of making a small requital to their Ally for his benevolent exertions in behalf of the U. S. They have directed the Agent of Marine to replace the loss by presenting in the name of the U.S. the Ship America to the Chevr. de la Luzerne for the service of his M. C. M. The States were unanimous in this vote. The dissenting members were Bland and Jones of Georgia. Independent of the motive of Gratitude, it was certain that our resources could not launch the ship before the winter; that before the spring she would be scarcely worth launching; that it was prudent therefore to dispose of her and more so by gift to France than by sale to either France or Spain.
The report of the Grand Committee “that the western lands if ceded to the U. S. would be an important fund &c.” was the subject of the deliberations of Congress on thursday & friday last. After the usual discussion of the question of right, and a proposal of opposite amendments to make the report favor the opposite sides, a turn was given to the debate to the question of expediency, in which it became pretty evident to all parties that unless a compromise took place, no advantage could ever be derived to the U.S. even if their right were ever so valid. The no. of States interested in the opposite doctrine rendered it impossible for the title of the U. S. ever to obtain a vote of Congress in its favor, much less any coercive measures to render the title of any fiscal importance; whilst the individual States having both the will & the means to avail themselves of their pretensions, might open their land offices, issue their patents, and if necessary protect the execution of their plans; without any other molestations than the clamours of individuals within & without the doors of Congress. This view of this case had a manifest effect on the most temperate advocates of the federal title. Witherspoon moved a set of resolutions recommending to the States which had made no Cessions to take up the subject, & to the States whose cessions were not entirely conformable to the plan of Congress, to reconsider their acts; And declaring that in case of a compliance of the several States claiming the back lands, none of their determinations with regard to private property within their cessions shall be reversed or altered without their consent, except in cases falling within the 9th. article of the Confedon. On this motion the report was postponed & these resolutions committed. The report of the Committee on the last article will probably determine the ultimate sense of Congress on the pretensions of the companies.
Every review I take of the Western territory produces fresh conviction that it is the true policy of Virginia as well as of the United States to bring the dispute to a speedy compromise. A separate government can not be distant; and will be an insuperable barrier to subsequent profits. If therefore the decision of the State on the claims of the companies can be saved I hope her other conditions will be relaxed.
On the notification given to the inhabitants of Charleston of the approaching evacuation of that garrison, a committee of the Merchts. with the license of the commanding officer waited on Govr. Matthews with a proposition; that they might be permitted to remain in the town in the character of neutrals for 18 months, to sell their goods freely for money or produce, and remove with their effects to G. B. or elsewhere finally, together with several other indulgences still more extraordinary. The answer permits them to stay for 6 months, to sell their goods as requested, & to make their remittances to Neutral ports. I fully anticipate your feelings on this transaction.
Mr. Cohen has given me hopes that your letter will produce the desired effect within the present week. The bill on Mr. Holker for 200 Drs. is very acceptable, but both together do not make me independent even for a moment. The continuance of your exertions which your favr. of the 30 Ulto. promises will therefore be necessary. I need not repeat to you how sensible I am of your kindness on this subject.
I am making out a State of my accts according to the request of the Auditors, on the new idea; & expect to transmit it soon in a form which will render less of their labor necessary. With it I shall inclose a copy of the scale of Depreciation of this State.
Genl Washington has moved with his principal force down to Verplanks point. His object, if he has any material one, is not yet disclosed.

7 Ships of the line part of a fleet under Lord Hood is arrived at N. York, and 1500 foreign troops have embarked for Halifax.
We are still left by our Ministers in the most painful suspence with regard to events in Europe. The arrival of a packet at New York has supplied us with the articles published in the inclosed Gazette. The new revolution in the British Cabinet in favor of the Shelburne party has a sinister aspect on peace. Unless however this party be reinforced out of the late administration it must be too feeble to resist the popular champions whom they have exiled from office.
Adieu.


Title: From James Madison to Edmund Randolph, 11 September, 1782
From: Madison, James
To: Randolph, Edmund

My dear Sir
Sepr. 11th., 1782
By a gentleman who setts off in a few minutes I send the paper of this morning containing the British Kings Speech at the prorogation of the Parliament. A Vessel which left the Texel on the 28th. of July is in the river. She brings despatches and a valuable cargo of goods for the army. The despatches will be read to day in Congress. The Capt: who brings them up relates that the Quebec fleet was certainly taken & that the combined fleets were in pursuit of another large fleet supposed to be destined for America, that the Dutch fleet of 22 Sail has departed from the Texel on a cruise in the North Seas, that the British fleet under Ld. Howe in the Channel was shut up in port, that the news from the E. Indies had been contradicted, that the late revolution in the B. administration had put an end to all discourse about peace, that Mr. Adams was at the Hague and had never been to Paris. I regret that I am obliged to substitute the oral accounts of the Capt for the authentic accts. he brings from Mr. Adams. My next will be more satisfactory. Adieu
J M.


Title: From James Madison to Edmund Randolph, 11 September, 1782
From: Madison, James
To: Randolph, Edmund

Dear Sir
Sepr. 11. 4 oClock
The Gentleman by whom I wrote this morning havg. waited till I had the opportunity of knowing the contents of the dispatches from Holland, I take advantage of it to add that we are disappointed by their silence with regard to peace. Those from Mr. Adams relate cheifly to his transactions with the States General. A letter from Mr. Laurens of the 30th. of May informs us that he is returning to U. S. having declined the service of Minister for peace. He appears to have been very unhandsomely dealt with by Mr. A. with respect to his Comission for Holland, which will no doubt be the foundation of mutual enmity. There is an uninteresting part of a letter from Mr. Dana, the first pages of it having been omitted. Mr. Berkeley writes on the 13th. of July that the Mail from England subsequent to the resignation of Fox Burke &c. breathes war. He confirms the success of the combined fleets agst. the Qubec &c. & the sailing of a fleet from the Texel consisting of 11 Sail of line, 5 or 6 frigates, &c, to cruise in the N. Seas, & the retreat of Adml Howe into Port. A N. Y. pape[r of th]e 7. contains a very interesting conversation on [the 10]th. July in House of Lords between Shelburne & th[e Duke o]f Richmond on the subject of Ministerial politics, in which the latter assigns his reasons for not following the example of Fox &c: and both their sentiments with respect to American Independence. The Duke of Richmond seems tolerably well reconciled to it but Shelburnes speaks out his antipathy without depriving himself of the plea of necessity. He professes to adhere however to the principles which the administration carried into office relative to the war agst. America. I have written this in extreme haste. you will be very sensible of it by its incorrectness.
Adieu
J Madison Jr.


Title: Motion on Expenditures by United States Ministers Abroad, [14 September] 1782
From: Madison, James
To:

[14 September 1782]
Resolved
That the several public Ministers of the U. States in Europe be informed that the care & management of all monies which have been or may be obtained in Europe by loans or otherwise, having been committed to the Superintendant of Finance, to be disposed of by him according to appropriations of the U. States in Congress, it is the instruction of Congress that they conform in the strictest manner to this arrangement, and prevent as far as may depend on them, the disposition or expenditure of any monies belonging to the U. States by any other terms, or in any other manner, than may be expressly authorised by the said Superintendt. of Finance, or be specially directed by Congress.


Title: From James Madison to Edmund Randolph, [16]–17 September 1782
From: Madison, James
To: Randolph, Edmund

My dear Sir
Philada. Sepr: [16] 1782
My letters by a private hand subsequent to the last post have anticipated the cheif intelligence from Holland which I had allotted for the post of this week. I have however one important article which at that date lay under an injunction of secrecy which has been since taken off. Mr. Adams we are informed has contracted with a mercantile House in Holland for the negociation of a loan of 5 million of guilders, or about 10 million of livres, for which he is to give 5 perCt. interest, and 1½ perCt. for commission & other douceurs & charges, which will raise the interest to about 6 perCt. The Principal is to be discharged in five annual payments, commencing with the 10th year from the date of the loan. When the dispatches left Holland, upwards of 1½ million of guilders had been subscribed, and upwards of 1 million actually received. The contractors however made it a condition that none of the money should be paid to the U. S. until the contract should be ratified by Congress. This ratification passed on Saturday and, its arrival in Holland will place under the orders of Mr. M. the money which shall then have been procured. How far the amount will by that time have augmented is uncertain. The Contractors seemed to be tolearbly sanguine but not absolutely sure, of getting the whole sum. The partial subscription already secured, is a most seasonable relief to the department of finance which was struggling under the most critical difficulties.
In addition to the preceding fund Congress have been led by a desp[a]ir of supplies from the states to sue for a further loan of four million dollars for the service of the ensuing and the deficiencies of the present years This demand will be addressed in the first instance to the court of France. In case of miscarriage there an experiment will be made on the liberality of our new friends
The Legislature of Rhode Island has broke up without acceding to the impost of 5 pCt. Congress have apportioned 1,200,000 Dollars on the States for the payment of interest to the public creditors. Virga. is rated somewhat lower in this requisition than in the last; not however without complaints from some quarters. On these subjects you will have full information from Mr. Lee who will set off in a few days he says for Virga. in order to be at the October Session.
I should have told you that some progress had been made by Mr. Adams in the Treaty of Amity & Commerce with their High Mightinesses. His propositions with the remarks & amendments of the College of Admiralty had been taken ad referendum. It is somewhat extraordinary that he should omit to send us a copy of those propositions & remarks. He had taken no steps towards a treaty of allyance
The debates and explanations produced by the resignation of Mr. Fox and his adherents, have unveiled some of the arcana of the British Cabinet. I inclose them for you complete, as far as they have been published here. If there be any sincerity in the party remaining in office it would seem that the war is not [to] be pursued against the U. S., nor their independence suffered to be a bar to peace. We shall be able to judge better of that sincerity when the proceedings of Mr. Grenville come to our knowledge.
Mr. Cowhan has advanced me £50. of this curren[c]y which he says is the utmost that his engagements & the scarcity of money will permit. I have given him an order on you for that sum, in favr. of his partner at Richmond.
Sepr. 17.
On Friday two large French frigates bringing money &c for the French army & despatches for Congress & the F. Minister came into Deleaware bay. For want of Pilots in-time they got entangled among the bars which perplex the navigation of this bay. The appearance & bearing of the British fleet after pilots were obtained rendered it impossible for them to return into the proper channel. The only expedient that remained was to push forward & attempt under the advantage of high water to force a passage throught the shoal which obstructed them. In this attempt one of them succeded. The other stuck in the sand, and was lost. All the public stores, particularly the money on board have however been fortunately saved. The Capt: & Crew we fear have fallen into the hands of the Enemy. The ship it is supposed can not be raised by them, having been skuttled before they took possession of her. The Frigate which escaped is up at Chester. We expect the Despatches will be here to day. The Marquis Viominil and 20 or 30 other French officers have returned in these ships.
The Post is not yet come in. Your trip to Wmsbg. I supposed prevented you from writing by him. We can not tell whether he is sick or has been intercepted. The former is the most probable supposition.


Title: Virginia Delegates to Benjamin Harrison, [ca. 17] September 1782
From: Virginia Delegates
To: Harrison, Benjamin

Sir
Philada. [ca. 17] Sepr. 1782.
The copy of sundry late resolutions of Congress herewith inclosed will inform your Excellency of the necessity they have been under of enlarging their requisitions on the States. This necessity has resulted in part from the perseverance of Rhode-Island in declining to accede to the 5 PerCt. impost.
Since our last a Ship has arrived at this place from Holland, with a supply of goods for the army, amounting in value to upwards of £22,000. Sterlg. The despatches brought by her contain an official notification of the reception of Mr. Adams by the States General, in quality of Minister Plenipotentiary from the U. States. They also inform Congress that some progress had been made, towards a Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the two Republics; and that in consequen[ce] of a contract entered into by Mr. Adams with a Mercantile House for the negociation of a loan of 5,000,000 of Guilders, upwards of 1 Million & a half had been subscribed, and upwards of 1 Million actually paid in. It was uncertain how ever to what amount the subscriptions would be continued.
On Friday last two large French frigates with supplies of money &c. for the French army, and despatches for Congress & the French Minister, came into Delaware bay. Having no pilots on board, they got into a wrong channel, and proceeded in it till the appearance of a superior enemy below rendered it impossible to return into the right one. In this perplexity they pushed forward and attempted to force their passage with the aid of the tide over the shoal which obstructed it. In the attempt one of them was successful & has since got up safe to Chester. The other stuck and was lost. The money &c. and despatches on board her were fortunately saved. It is said that the Capt. and crew have fallen into the hands of the Enemy. These [?] despaches being not yet come up, we can say nothing of their contents.
We have the honor to be with the highest respect Yr. Excellency’s obt. & humble Servts
J. Madison Jr.A. Lee
The post is not yet come in from the Southward.


Title: To James Madison from the Reverend James Madison, 18 September 1782
From: Madison, James (Reverend)
To: Madison, James

Dear Col
Williamsburg September 18th. 82
The two last posts disappointed me. I had a Letter ready to acknowledge your Favours of the 13 & 14th. of last Month, which afforded us so much Consolation; but it would be as easy to calculate to the Time of an Eclipse, as to determine the Times of the Ingress & Egress of one of Clarkson’s Riders.
I fear your Suspicions were too well founded. The favourite Prospect seems rather to retire from us here, than to approach. I hope your Ministers however have before this placed the Matter in it’s true point of View. It is true the Dolus in Horte ought ever to be before us, & guard us like a friendly Beacon against hidden & dangerous Designs. But, if the Independence of America be bona fide admitted, What can be the Obstacles to Peace. France as well as this Country will then have obtained the Object of their Contest, at least the avowed object, and will it not have a considerable Influence upon the Councils of the other European Powers, if it appears, that she does not rest satisfied with that Acquisition. As to the part which America ought to act, whether she be obliged to attend her Friend beyond the Mark first aimed at, or whether it be not as damnable in Politics as in Religion to desert the Source of our Salvation, I will not presume to determine.
We have nothing new here. The high price of every thing [(]except Provisions which are moderate eno) keeps to its old Standard. The Prospect of Peace has had no visible Effects here.
How many Introductions have you had handed to you by French Gentlemen? I hope you are well acquainted with Gen. Chattelleux. I think he is at Heart, as indeed every Philosopher must be, a thorough Republican. He told me he had some Thoughts of sketching out a Plan for the future Aggrandizement of Ama. Have you seen his Journey thro’ a Part of the Northern States, which he has published, he promised me a View of it, tho’ it has not yet come to Hand. Also his Great Work, if you have seen that, what is its Character.
I sent a Letter to Dr. Stiles, to your Care by a French Genn. pray have you seen that also?
We had the other Day a fine Boy. he is born at a lucky Period. It will be hard indeed if Bellona be not driven from amongst us in less than 20 or 30 years.
I am Yr’s most sincerly
J Madison
Dr. McC left this Town about a Fortnight past, went to Hampton, to get a passage by Water for Phila. Wheth[er] he succeeded, I cannot tell. He means to visit that Place as soon as possible.


Title: Comments and Motion in re Henry Laurens, [19 September] 1782
From: Thomson, Charles
To:

[19 September 1782]
Mr Madison arose and informed the house that since the passing the resolutions of the 17th, he had come to the knowledge of a fact, which he wished to lay before Congress and on which he meant to ground a motion; and as it did not admit of delay, the vessel that would carry those resolutions being on the point of sailing he wished the present business might be postponed and accordingly made a motion to that effect. This being agreed to, he then proceeded to inform Congress that he had a great respect for the character of Mr Laurens and entertained a high opinion of his abilities and integrity, and had therefore given his hearty concurrence and assent to the resolutions which passed on the 17th. But that since that time he had come to the knowledge of some matters, which induced him to think it would not be proper, at least, for the present, to forward those resolutions or so much of them as respected Mr Laurens. He would now state those matters to Congress, that they might judge. He had, he said, in his hand a pamphlet printed in London entitled “Parliamentary Register,” and containing an account of the debates in the House of Commons from the month of Nov. 1781, to the latter end of Janry, 1782, among which were debates on a petition to that house from H. Laurens, a prisoner in the Tower, and that the petition was printed at full length. He then read the debates and the petition; and then observed that though the evidence was not such as would, in a Court of Law, be sufficient to prove that Mr. Laurens had signed and presented such a petition, yet coming from such authority and with such concurring circumstances, it was sufficient to raise doubts in this house, and a strong suspicion that it was genuine. That if Mr Laurens did actually sign and present such a petition; he had thereby wounded the honor and dignity of the United States in such a manner that he was no longer fit to be entrusted with the character of a public minister, much less to be solicited to continue his services as the negotiator of a peace. He would not undertake to say positively that the petition was genuine, though he must confess that he could not altogether withhold his belief of its authenticity. He repeated again the assurances of his respect and regard for the man, his willingness to draw a veil over this part of his conduct, and to bury it forever in oblivion, but standing in the place he did, and feeling as he did for the honor & dignity of his country, he could not, consistent with his duty, forbear to move. “That the resolution of the 17th day of Sept., 1782, informing Mr Laurens that his services as a minister plenipotentiary for negotiating a peace cannot be dispensed with by Congress, and so much of the other resolution of the same date as relates to Mr Laurens, be not transmitted till the farther order of Congress.” He would not give so much credit to the publication as thereon to ground a recall, his meaning was only to suspend the effects of a resolution, which he was convinced never would have passed had the matter now before the house been known to Congress. He confessed that if in fact the petition was not genuine a temporary injury would be done to Mr Laurens’ character, and in that case, as soon as the truth should appear, no man would be readier than he should be, by every act in his power, to wipe off the stain and restore his character to its ancient splendor, and therefore would wish that the resolutions of the 17th, as well as that which might now be passed, should remain secret. But when he considered on the other hand in what light the conduct of this Congress would be viewed by, and what effect it might have on the powers of Europe if a man was pressed to continue in such a high confidential trust and office who had prostrated the dignity of his Country, wounded its honour, and as far as in him lay denied its sovereignty and independence, all which must be admitted, if the petition is genuine, he trusted he would stand excused and that the house would agree to his motion.
He then repeated his motion, which was seconded by his colleague, Mr Jones.
Mr Madison spoke again, professed the purity of his motives and his regard for Mr Laurens’ character; urged the probability of the petition being genuine, and his readiness to make every allowance and excuse for Mr L’s situation, but still persisted in the opinion that the dignity, honor, and interest of the U. S. required that Congress should agree to the motion.


Title: Comments on Motion in re Henry Laurens, [20 September] 1782
From: Thomson, Charles
To:

[20 September 1782]
… Mr Madison arose and called the attention of the house to the subject of his motion. The objections started yesterday he observed were grounded chiefly on the want of authenticity, though something had been said of the inoffensiveness of the petition, admitting it to be genuine. He admitted that the proofs he had adduced would not be sufficient to convict a man on a trial for his life; it is possible they might not even be admitted in a court of law; but in matter of policy and in examining the propriety of continuing a person in office, they might be adduced to that house, and would without doubt have due attention paid to them. The publication contains an account of the proceeding and debates in parliament from day to day. It is made at the time and in the place where the transaction passed, & where any misrepresentation might be easily detected. The petition is introduced by a member whose name is mentioned. Debates ensue, the substance of which is given; the speakers named; an order passed and the petition inserted, not in substance but in the very words with the address & the date of time and place, and signed with the name of the petitioner. All these circumstances carry with them such marks of authenticity as can hardly be doubted. With regard to the matter of the petition he thought it unworthy a private citizen of the United States, but coming from a Public Minister vested with so high a character who had been President of that house to whom the representatives of the King of Great Britain had paid homage, and who was then commissioned to represent the Sovereignty of these United States, it was altogether unjustifiable. It was not addressed to the Sovereign but to the Speaker and members of the House of Commons, whose authority we denied and whose usurpations had compelled us to have recourse to arms. This petition is stated not as coming from a citizen of the United States but a native of South Carolina. What is this but indirectly relinquishing the Claim of Independence which we have so solemnly declared & pledged ourselves to maintain at the risque of our lives and fortunes? A denial of his public character and almost a direct submission and return to that allegiance he had abjured in a private citizen—such a step is unwarrantable in a public minister; it is highly culpable. It is no slight matter for a public minister to deny the Sovereignty of the Country which he is appointed to represent. What then must it be in the petitioner, who had been raised to the highest rank and held the first place in the Sovereign Assembly of these U. S.? The manner in which this is acknowledged—“some time recognized by the British Coms in America by the stile & title of his Excy H. L., President of Congress”—is too mean and contemptible to deserve animadversion. Let us now examine the Arguments used to induce the house to grant the prayer of the petitioner: “Your Representor for many years at the peril of his life and fortune ardently labored to preserve and strengthen the ancient friendship between G. B. and the colonies, and in no instance ever excited on either side the dissentions which separated them.” Is not this almost in direct terms condemning the measures taken by his Country to maintain and defend their rights, “in opposing which he risqued his life and fortune?” To suppose he alluded to an opposition to the measures of Britain would be to suppose him guilty of the most manifest absurdity, & to insult the house to which he most respectfully prefers his humble petition. But the two following paragraphs puts it beyond all doubt in what manner he wished to be understood. “The commencement of the present war was a subject of great grief to him, in as much as he foresaw and foretold in letters now extant the distresses which both countries experience at this day.” “In the rise and progress of the War he extended every act of kindness in his power to persons called loyalists and quietists as well as to British prisoners of War, very ample proofs of which he can produce.” These are arguments addressed to the justice of the house to induce them on account of his merits to grant him an enlargement from his confinement. The arguments which follow, drawn from his ill state of health and sufferings in prison, are addressed to their humanity but the humility and tenor of the prayer, considering the character of the person who prefers it, deserves particular attention: “Therefore your Representer humbly prays your honors will condescend to take his case into consideration, and under proper conditions and restrictions grant him enlargement or such other relief as to the wisdom and benignity of your honors shall seem fitting.” Taking it then for granted that the petition was genuine, or admitting a probability or even a possibility of its being genuine, he submitted it to the wisdom and candor of the house whether it would not be proper to suspend the forwarding the resolution of the 17th, and to agree to his motion. However if any gentleman had any doubts or thought his motion too strongly pointed against Mr Laurens, he had no objection against altering it so that the end he had in view might be attained. And therefore he would consent to vary it so as to take in both the resolutions passed on the 17th and leave Mr L’s name out of the motion.


Title: Benjamin Harrison to Virginia Delegates, 20 September 1782
From: Harrison, Benjamin
To: Virginia Delegates

Gentlemen
Septem: 20th. 1782.
I can not account for the loss of my Letter as I have not omitted writing by every post except the last for several months. The petition you enclosed me from Kentuckey is the weak efforts of a small faction encouraged by some persons near you, it must now be subdued, or Government must exert itself to bring them to reason, as the last Assembly have redressed every grievance complain’d of by establishing a district court in that Country with the same powers of our General Court and independent of it, and have sent a Deputy Register of the Land Office to reside in that Country and open a Land Office to save the Inhabitants the Trouble of coming to this place to transact their Land Business. My Friend the Attorney was so obliging as to inform me that the Letters from Sir Guy Carleton to me that were in the Post Office at Philadelphia had been a matter of great wonder both as to the Manner of their getting there, and the Matter they could contain. I feel myself hurt and injured by it’s being even suspected that I could carry on a correspondence with him or any other person that was improper or in any Manner prejuditial to America, which must have been the case or the Circumstances could never have been attended to. I flatter’d myself that I was too well known and my Attachments to America established on too broad a foundation to be suspected even if I had been in Company with Sir Guy and all the British Ministry, and it is with great reluctance that I can prevail with myself to give the least satisfaction to a people who could entertain a Thought injurious to my Honor. Part of the Crew of the Flag Brig Maria Capt. Hart from N. York stole the Boat of the Brig in the Night, boarded and carried of[f] a Sloop that was in Hampton road bound to the Head of Elk loaded with naval Stores and provisions, this violation of the Flag call’d for redress and satisfaction, and I should have obtain’d it by a seizure of the Brig had she not sail’d before the fact came to my Knowledge. I laid the Matter before the Council and was advised to write to Gen: Carleton and demand reparation for the Injury and either that the Pirates should be punished by him or deliver’d up to me; my Letter with the Proof of the fact I enclosed open to Gen: Washington and beg’d the favor of him to send them in to N. York which he obligingly did, and return’d me Carletons Answer promising the most ample Satisfaction both as to the Value of the Vessel and cargo and the punishment of the Villains if they could be come at, on the receipt of which Letter I sent him thro’ the same channel the Valuation, and recd. Information in answer to it that he had recover’d the Vessel and would return her (which he has since done) that on her passage to N. York she had been taken and carried into Egg-Harbour and there condemn’d and sold. That she was fitted out at that port for New London and taken in her passage by the Hussar Man of War, that he had bought the sloop, and refer’d it to my determination whether the Owners of the Cargo ought not to look to the captors at Egg-Harbour for payment. I thought they ought as the Vessel could not be legally condemn’d having no Papers, and with a little reflection the Court of Admiralty would have found that all could not be right, and have secured the sailors till the Truth could have been search’d out. The Letters that were in the Post office contain’d duplicates of General Carletons proceedings in this Business and a duplicate of a Letter by one of your Flags advising me of a plenipotentiary’s being sent to Paris empower’d to settle the terms of Peace on the Basis of American Independence the original of which I had answer’d by the Flag in a few Words by telling him it was a Subject I had nothing to do with, and refer’d him to Congress: the Letters must have been sent to the post office by the General. The cargo of the sloop belong’d to Sam: Ingles and Mr. Whitesides of Philedelphia ship’d by Wells Cooper and Company to whom I have some time since wrote on the Subject. I agree with you in Sentiments respecting an application for the Negroes in N. York and only ask’d your Opinion to quiet the People here who wish’d for a permission to go for what they had lost. I am &c.
B. H.