Title: To George Washington from Daniel Bowers, 26 April 1779
From: Bowers, Daniel
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Daniel Bowers, 26 April 1779. GW wrote to Bowers on 28 May: “Your letter of the 26th of last Month . . . came safe to my hands.”


Title: To George Washington from John Bradford, 26 April 1779
From: Bradford, John
To: Washington, George

Sir
Boston 26th April 1779

The Chance of War has put in my possession a quarter Cask of Wine ship’d at Malaga designed for General Clintons own use, in the same vessel I found a keg of the Essence of lemon juice design’d also for him, my happiness wou’d have been proportionably greater, if it had been a pipe instead of a quarter Cask, your acceptance of those Articles will confer a favour on him, who has the honor to be with the most perfect Respect Your Excellencys Most Obedt & very hble servt
Jno. Bradford
Mr D.Q.M. Chase has sent foward the Articles.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Benjamin Ford, 26 April 1779
From: Ford, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

Honorable sir,
        Near Tenton Falls [N.J.] 6 OClock P.M.April the 26th 1779

About half after four O’Clock this Morning a body of the Enemy effected a landing at red Bank about one Mile from shrewsbury, My patrole fired on them but being small did little or no Execution.
My Detachment being paraded at the Time I received the Account of their Landing from the patrole I immediately Detached Capt. Beall with 30 odd men to observe their Movements & retard them in their March towards Tenton Falls a post which I conceived wou’d be their first Object, and Marched directly with those of the party not on Detachment towards the falls, The Enemy pushed with great rapidity to the falls agreeable to my Conjecture, however we gained the Bridge before them where I intended to have made a stand but from the superiority of their Numbers which was as near as I could judge three to one and an Apprehension of their sending a party on my left flank which was by no means secure I judged it Expedient to retreat ’till a Body of the Militia cou’d be collected, which I hoped would be done in a few Hours, After finding their Designs frustrated in their Main Object of cutting off my retreat by getting in my rear they Halted at Tenton falls where they Burnt two Dwelling Houses belonging to Officers of the Militia, destroyed every thing that they could in others not leaving a Single pane of Glass in any of the Windows belonging to the people there, After Committing every wanton Act they could, plundering and destroying all the furniture they found they retreated again to red Bank to their Boat. Driving all the stock of Horses sheep and Cattel they could Collect before them, Capt. Beall with his party and a few of the Militia Harrass’d them and I presume prevented their taking off much of the stock as the principal part was again retaken, they crossed their party over to Middle Town where a party which by many Accounts have been Estimated at 1000 Men, said to be Commanded by Genl Skinner landed about Day Break this Morning, two British Regiments are in his party, from the Best accounts I have been able to Collect the Party at Shrewsbury Amounted to 6 or 700 but by whom Commandd I have [not] been able to Ascertain precisely but ’tis Reported by Majr Fergusson of the Highlanders.
My Loss does not amount to more than a dozen Men Missing &ca—The Militia have by no means have answered my Hopes or Wishes not more than 150 if so many have as yet joined Us. Col. Holmes has Collected a party and is hanging on their flanks from the last Accounts I have they are Still in Middle [Town] having formed a Junction with their two partys. My Men are now refreshing themselves, and shall immediately March to Middle Town and Act as Circumstances will admit.
Your Excellency will pardon this Incorrect Account Shall do myself the Honor of informing you of every particular as soon as possible. I have the Honor to be with the Greatest Esteem & Respect Your Excellencys most Obt Hble Servt
Benjamin FordLt Col.
If the Enemy should Continue here shall advise you of it but am disposed to believe their Design was to Cut off my Party & to plunder in one instance they have been disappointed and in the other I shall endeavour to obstruct them as much as possible, by two prisoners taken we are told they brought but two Days provision with them.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General John Glover, 26 April 1779
From: Glover, John
To: Washington, George

Sir
Providence [R.I.] 26th April 1779.

I wrote your Excellency the 2nd Inst. I accepted of the Furlough Congress was pleas’d to direct, & that I should leave Camp the 20th Inst. but on General Gates’s arrival, he requested me to tarry till General Stark should come in; he is here now, & has the Command of the Brigade lately Commanded by General Varnum. The embarrass’d State of my Affairs with my Domestic concerns being such as makes it my indispensible Duty to go home, & will from some Circumstances (since turn’d up) which are of great moment to myself, take me a much Longer time to settle than I mention’d in my Letter referr’d to above.
I find by your Excellency’s Letter of the 17th to General Gates, my Brigade is order’d to be ready to march at the shortest Notice, which I’m very sorry for, as I cannot be with them without ruining myself & Family.
It was on a presumption that I might be indulg’d with staying at this post the Campaign I accepted the Furlough in which Case I could pay some little Attention to my Family, without injuring the service, which will be impossible for me to do in any other Department. I do not mean by this that I wish to have any other Command than my own Brigade, the behaviour of both Officers & Men being such as has endear’d them to me, & gives me pain to think of parting. nor would I be understood to have any Objection to go any where my Country & Duty as an Officer call’d me; more especially when it’s to be under the Command of General Sullivan, who is my good Friend, & one of the best of Officers.
should it be your Excellency’s pleasure, & Consistent with the good of the service to Counter-Order the marching of my Brigade, I shall with cheerfulness continue in the service this Campaign, & it will lay me under infinite Obligations. I have the Honor to be, most respectfully, Your Excellency’s, most Obedt hume Sert
John GloverB. General


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 26 April 1779
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philadelphia April 26th 1779

Your Excellencys favor of the 24th I had the honor of receiving last Evening.
I dind yesterday with the Minister of France and find him still determind to set out for Camp to morrow. He sets out at seven in the morning and intends lodging at Trenton. On Wednesday he will be in Camp, if no accident attends him; but at what hour cannot be assertaind as the place he dines at, is not yet determind on.
I intend to wait upon him sometime this morning; and learn more particularly his stages. Don Juan accompanys him.
I thank your Excellency for your generous and obligeing offer. Most certain my inclinations leads me to a resignation. My reputation I value more than any advantages of gain; and I consider it in great danger.
I wrote your Excellency lengthy upon this subject yesterday and therefore shall say but little upon it to day. I intend to write to Congress to day upon the subject of my apprehensions and determination; and if they dont give me those kind of assurances which is necessary to guard my reputation from Malice and detraction, I shall insist upon leaveing the business.
The poleticks of Congress are really alarming; and the state of the financeing asstonishing where they will end time only can unfold.
Mr Holker made many enquiries yesterday respecting the temper and desposition of our Army. He seemd desirous to know whether peace upon a plan of Independence agreeable to the state of the alliance would be satisfactory—The fishery to be confind to the limits of the states. This would well nigh ruin the Eastern States. Upon the whole I think there has been some overtures made upon the subject of peace. It is said Russia on the part of England and Spain on the part of France are to stand Mediators. This is merely conjectural. Mr Jay says the Congress have no official propositions of peace; but I beleive it is beyound a doubt there has been debates upon the subject for several days past. Particularly with regard to the fishery.
I spent last Evening with Governor Read. I took ocasion to hint that General Sullivan was to command the Western Expedition. He took the alarm at once; and insisted he had no hopes of success if he was to direct the operations. So deep are the prejudices of human Nature. I had several hours conversation with him; and I believe satisfied him as far as is possible that the appointment was the result of the maturest deliberation. We were in private.
If I leave the quarter Masters Department I should be glad of the South Carolina Appointment. However I shall wish to consult your Excellency upon the affair.
We have an agreeable piece of intelligence from the Eastward; which is that Col. Cambell and thirty or forty Officers; and Six or Eight Sail of transports bound to Europe were taken lately by a couple of our Frigates, and carried into Boston.
I had Letters last Night from South Carolinia which indicates a great disgust between the State and the Congress. They think themselves neglected. There is a large number of public Vessels now on pay in the Harbour loaded with Rice which want to Sail but the State is so much sourd; that they wont grant exclusive prevelidges to the Continental Vessels from the embargo. The Express is waiting. I can only add that I am with esteem and Affection Your Excelly Obdt Sert
Nath. Greene


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Edward Hand, 26 April 1779
From: Hand, Edward
To: Washington, George

Sir
Estherton [Pa.] 26th April 1779

When I wrote your Excy on the 23d from this place I informed you I entended visiting Col. Blain D.C.G. of Purchases to inform myself of the prospects he has of procuring the provision Ordered by your Excy for the Susquehannah—I at the same [time] hoped to see Col. Heartly, but was disappointed, he being at Baltimore—you have Col. Blains report inclosed—and he has given me the strongest Assurances that he will do what he there promises, & perhaps more, Col. Blains punctuallity gives me reason to hope the best from him—he was just returned from Virginia where he had been to make provision for the Ohio.
Govr Reeds misinterpretation of a Paragraph in a Letter of mine, or his unacquaintance with your Excys future prospects on the susquehannah has alarmed him much, but I hope that the rect of my second Letter, with the Answer he will receive from your Excy will quiet his Fears I have conversed with Col. patterson & seen your Excys Letter of the 11th or 12th Int to him—when at Carlisle I made it my Business to talk with Jno. Buckannon the person he Chiefly depended on for gaining Intelligence, the Man bears a good Character—but knows nothing of the Country farther back then French Catherines Town discribed by Lt Jenkins—nor is he acquainted with the Six Nation Language—from these Circumstances and the little Prospect there is of his or any other person being permitted to travel in that Country, I think it best to stopt his proceeding. I am sir with much respect Your Excellencys most Obedt Hhble Servant
Edwd Hand
N.B. Coppies of my Correspondence with Governor Reed are enclosed.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Maxwell, 26 April 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Maxwell, William

Sir
Head Quarters Middlebrook 26th April 1779.

Your favor of the 24th instant with the inclosures was duly handed me.
I have taken such measures respecting the salted provisions, as I hope will prevent the like complaint in future.
The paper on the disputed subject of the arrangement I shall consider the first moment I am at liesure. I am sir your most obt servt.


Title: To George Washington from Gouverneur Morris, 26 April 1779
From: Morris, Gouverneur
To: Washington, George

Dr Genl
Phila[delphi]a 26th April 1779.

You must permit me most heartily to congratulate you upon the very important Intelligence which Monsr Gerard will confidentially communicate to you. It is and indeed ought to be a Secret even from Congress for which I need give you no Reasons as you are but too well acquainted with them. Measures have already been taken for obtaining the necessary Supplies which the Minister will detail to you. These you will undoubtedly assist as far as may fall within your Line. When the Enemy went to the Southern States I considered it as a Kind of Madness and I think they will feel the Consequences but certainly it cannot be worth while to loose a Moment unnecessarily in that Quarter for the Climate will fight for us during the Summer and what shall remain may be compleated in the Autumn if the other Objects succeed. The first then should be to bring on a considerable Quantity of Rice which together with Flour from the middle States must be transmitted Eastward for the Ulterior Operations. To accomplish N.Y. perhaps the Western Detachments may be useful as a Feint but will it not be still more effectual to risque almost a Retreat in Case of Attack by detaching to Albany as if in Prosecution of an Expedition to Canada calling upon Connecticut New York and New Jersey for a Body of Militia to answer the immediate Purpose of protecting the Country and the remote Purpose of more Consequence. This would probably lull the Enemy into Security and false Intelligence might be superadded to deceive them. In a few Days the Force nevertheless could be collected from Fort Edward and the Mohawk River to Albany brought down to the Highlands by Water and cooperate &ca. A Part with the Militia of Connecticut and New York might alarm the Enemy at Fort Kniphausen and make the necessary Preparations to throw a Bridge over the River at Haerlem. The main Body by possessing themselves of the Landing opposite to Greenwich might at a proper Opportunity be thrown across. The Jersey Militia would keep Staten Island in Alarm and secure the Posts in the Rear. The other Troops might be landed to attack as the Enemy landed to attack you. This with a Fire upon the Town would in all human Probability effect the Purpose. That Point gained Rhode Island would be an easy Acquisition as the whole Force might then be turned to that Object and then the great End would follow in it’s Course. The Magnitude and Importance of Things like these speak for themselves. The Practicability will I think be made evident when the Means are considered. You will see the Necessity of opening yourself fully to Mr Gerard upon your Designs & taking with him all proper Measures. Cattle Carriages for heavy Artillery and the like should be assembled at Portsmouth or some such convenient Place. You will have the Advantage on this Occasion at least to be sure of your Secrets and indeed such Steps may be taken that in the Ignorance of the Enemy as to the State and probable State of Things in the West Indias it will be impossible for them to develope the Combination of Incidents so distinct as those which may be necessary at once to fulfill the Objects in View and blind them.

Excuse the Length & Tediousness of this Letter and beleive me with all the Sincerity of private Friendship superadded to publick Esteem affectionately your Friend & humble Servant
Gouvr Morris


Title: From George Washington to the Pennsylvania Supreme Executive Council, 26 April 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Pennsylvania Supreme Executive Council

Gentlemen,
Hd-Qrs Middlebrook 26th April 1779.

I am honored with your letters of the 24th and 25th: to which I beg leave to defer a particular answer till another opportunity, which shall not be delayed.
The present is barely to inform you, that the period appointed for the trial of Major General Arnold agreeable to the wish of Council is posponed to a later day, which will be notified in my next. I have the honor to be With great respect Gentlemen Your most Obed. ser.


Title: To George Washington from the Rhode Island Legislature, 26 April 1779
From: Rhode Island Legislature
To: Washington, George

Sir
In Council of War Providence [R.I.] 26th April 1779

This Council being informed that Major General Gates hath orders from Your Excellency to hold General Glovers Brigade in readiness to march from this post on the Shortest notice—and sensibly Affected with the distresses which our Inhabitants already feel, and which must be greatly increased by the Removal of so great a part of the force now here—take the Liberty of Stating our peculiarly unhappy Situation to your Excellency.
The Force of the Enemy in this State is About Six Thousand (Nearly One Third of their whole force in the United States) to Oppose which our whole force now in the Field, Exclusive of our own Militia does not exceed Three thousand Men.
We have been Obliged for more than two Years past to keep great Part of our Militia on constant duty, whereby Agriculture hath been so much obstructed that we are in great Want of the Necessary Means for Subsistance—which renders it impracticable if not impossible to draw our Own Militia into the Field more Especially at this Season of the Year which if lost will inevitably depopulate and ruin the State.
Neither have we Any prospect of support from our Sister States of New England, other than the Precarious one of their Neighbouring Militia in Cases of Alarm.
We need not Add Your Excellency will be Able from the Above to See the difficulty and Distressing dilemma to which we must be reduced by having any Force drawn from this State.
In hopes Congress will in their wisdome be able to devise means and enforce Supplies Adiquate for our Protection—we have Addressed them on the subject and most earnestly entreat Your Excellency to Suspend Your Order for the March of any Troops from this State, until the Arrival of other equal force at this Post, or Congress have given their Answer to our Remonstrance.
At the Request and in behalf of the Council of War I have the Honor to Subscribe my Self with great Respect. Sir Your Excellencys Most Obedient and Most humble Servant.
W. Greene


Title: General Orders, 27 April 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Tuesday April 27th 1779.
Parole Gambia—C. Signs Goslar. Gran.

A General Court-Martial of the line to sit tomorrow morning 10 ôclock at the usual place to try all such persons as shall come before them—Colonel Gunby to preside.

The Honorable the Congress have been pleased to pass the following resolution—In Congress February 18th 1779.
Plan for the department of Inspector General. Resolved, That there be an Inspector General to the Armies of the United States of America with the rank of Major General, who in all future appointments shall be taken from the line of Major Generals.
That the duty of the Inspector General shall principally consist in forming a system of regulations for the exercise of the troops in the manual, evolutions and manœuvers for the service of guards and detachments and for camp & garrison duty.
That the Inspector General and his Assistants shall review the troops at such times and places and receive such returns for that purpose as the Commander in Chief or commanding officer in a detachment shall direct; At which reviews he or they shall inspect the number and condition of the men, their discipline and exercise and the state of their Arms, Accoutrements & Clothes, observing what of these articles have been lost or spoiled since the last review, and as near as possible by what means, reporting the same with the deficiencies and neglects to the Commander in Chief or the commanding officer of a detachment and to the board of war.
That all new manœuvres shall be introduced by the Inspector General and all old ones performed according to the established principles, under his superintendency; but he shall not introduce or practice any regulations whatsoever relative to the objects of his department save such as are made & established in manner following.
All regulations whatsoever to be finally approved & established by Congress; But the exigency of the service requiring it, temporary ones may from time to time be introduced by the Inspector General with the approbation of the Commander in Chief. These regulations to be communicated to the Army through the Adjt General and to be transmitted to the board of war with all convenient dispatch that being examined and reported by them to Congress they may be rejected, altered, amended or confirmed as Congress shall deem proper.
That there be as many Sub-Inspectors as the Commander in Chief or commanding officer in a detachment shall, on consideration of the strength and situation of the Army, from time to time, deem necessary, to be taken from the line of Lieutenant Colonels and to receive their instructions relative to the department from the Inspector General.
That there be a Brigade Inspector to each Brigade who shall be one of the Majors in the Brigade, and the office of Brigade Inspector shall in future be annexed to that of Major of Brigade.
He shall accordingly keep a Roster of the Battalions of his Brigade; regulate the details and take care of the formation and march of all guards detachments &c. from the Brigade.
He is to receive the General Orders and communicate them to the commanding officer of the brigade, and thro’ the Adjutants to all the officers of the brigade.
He is so far as concerns his brigade to inspect the police of the camp, the discipline and order of the service—In time of action he is to assist in executing the necessary manoeuvres of the brigade according to the orders of the Brigadier or officer commanding—He is to do no duty in the line.
That all the officers of the Inspectorship having appointments in the line shall retain their rights of command succession and promotion in the same manner as if they had not assumed the office; but as the duties of the department are sufficient to employ their whole time, they are to suspend the exercise of their respective commands, except on particular occasions when the commander in Chief or commanding officer in a detachment may deem it necessary to invest them with command: They are to be exempt from all common camp and garrison duty that they may attend the more carefully to those of the inspection, and in time of action they are to be employed in assisting in the execution of the field manœuvres.
That the Inspector General so far as relates to the Inspection of the Army be subject to the orders of Congress, the Board of War and the Commander in Chief only, but the Sub-Inspectors shall also be subject to the officers commanding the divisions and brigades to which they are attached, on the principles herein established.
Each commanding officer of a Brigade is desired to nominate one of the Majors in the Brigade who is willing to undertake the office of Brigade Inspector and Brigade Major and report his name to the Adjutant General without delay.
As our circumstances last year did not permit the giving the necessary instructions to the soldiers it is to be wished that the commanding officers of regiments and companies would seriously employ themselves with the exercise in detail, expecially the marching and wheeling, even if the manual exercise is not so much attended to; and the commanding officers of regiments must pay particular attention that no soldiers are exempted from this exercise.
For the future all issues of Arms and military Stores in camp will be made by the immediate order of Brigadier General Knox to whom all returns for that purpose are to be made.
He will cause the Commissary of Military Stores to keep exact accounts with the regiments for what he delivers. Returns of the dificiencies now existing to be made without delay, that a supply may be obtained.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 27 April 1779
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

Sir
Trenton [N.J.] April 27th [1779]7 oClock in the Evening

His Excellency the Ambassador is now at this place. He sets off for Camp at 7 oClock in the morning and intends dining with your Excellency.
I have this moment arrivd here I left Philadelphia between two & three this afternoon. Before I left Town an Express arrivd from Georgia that brought dispaches from General Lincoln—He says there has been two little skirmishes lately in both which we gaind some advantage over the Enimy.

General How is arrivd in Philadelphia with his family and intends seting off for Camp in a few days.
Col. Cox sends off immediately a light Waggon with a Sturgen and some Shad for Head quarters. It will travel all Night and arrive seasonably to have the fish for dinner.
It is most probable the Ambassador will arrive about 4 oClock in the afternoon—He breakfasts at Princetown. Don Juan is in company with him They all lodge to Night with Col. Cox. Lord Sterling and Governor Livingston is here. I am with great respect your Excellencys Most Obedient humble Sert
Nath. Greene
Col. Tilghman arrivd in Phild. last night.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Lachlan McIntosh, 27 April 1779
From: McIntosh, Lachlan
To: Washington, George

sir,
Camp [Middlebrook] the 27th April 1779.

In obedience to your Excellency’s desire I am to inform you the Situation of the Several posts west of the Mountains, & will add the reasons for Establishing them which may enable you to Judge the better of their propriety.
When I went there first, I found Fort Pitt in the fork of Ohio—Fort Randolph at the point, or, Mouth of great Kanhawa 300 Miles down the River Ohio. and Fort Hand on Kiskaminitas fixed stations, & Garrisoned by Continental Troops, & are still kept up, as there is an Independent Company raised upon the application of Colo. G. Morgan for the Sole purpose of Mantaining each, and would not weaken the force I had to carry on the Expedition—Besids these, there were 30 or 40 other Little stations or Forts at different times Garrisoned by Militia between Wheeling and Pittsburgh. upon the waters of Monongahala. the Kiskiminitas, and in the Interior parts of the settlements which were frequently altered, kept, or Evacuated according to the Humours, fears or Interest of the people of most Influence, which General Hand was obliged to Comply with as his chief dependancy was upon Militia. those I endevoured to break up as soon as I could without giving too much Offence to people whose asistance so much required as they were very Expensive and of Little service. and for that end authorised the Leiutenants of Monongahala & Ohio Countys to raise a Ranging Company Jointly of 1 Capt. 1 Leiutt 1 Ensign 3 sergts 3 Corporals & 54 privates to scout continualy along the River Ohio from Beaver Creek downwards where the Indians usualy Cross to annoy these two Countys & would Secure them equaly alike. and the Leiutena⟨nts⟩ of Westmoreland County to rais two such Companys to scour their frontiers, & protect them from Scalping partys of the Mengoes or Northern Indians, which would render their Little Forts useless, & keep our Regulars Entire for other Occasions.
I found also, upon Enquiry a Number of stores or Magazin⟨es⟩ of Provisions built at public Expence by our purchasing Commissa⟨ry⟩ at great Distances. difficult of Access, and scattered throughout all the Countys, which required a Number of Men at each ⟨mutilated⟩ Commissarys, Coopers, packers, Guards &ca. these I also dis[c]harged ⟨I⟩ gave the stores up, as by the Report of a Court of Inquiry all the provision in them which was intended for our Expedition proved to be spoiled & altogether useless through Neglect. and in place of them I had one General store House built by a fatigue party in the Fork of Monangahala River, where all Loads from over the Mountains are now discharged without crossing any considerable Branch of any River & can be carryed from thence at any Season either by Land or Water to Bigg Beaver Creek to which place I opened a Road & built a strong Post, with Barracks & stores by fatigue of the whole Line upon the Indian shore of Ohio River for the reception of all our stores clear of all Ferrys & Incumbrances, while our Troops & Supplys were coming up. and in Case I was Disapointed in both, as I had many reasons to apprehend, it would secure a Footing so far advanced into the Enemys Country, be better prepared for another attempt, & shew them we were in Earnest.
So Late as the 3d November Mister Lockhart appeared at Beaver with the Cattle extremely poor after driving them four or 500 Miles & meeting with many obstacles, & could not Slaughter them for want of Salt. the Same Day I received a Message from the Savages reproaching our Tardiness, & threatning all their Nations would Join to oppose my progress to Detroit at Sugar Creek a few Miles below Tuscorawas where they intend giving me Battle. immediately upon this Intillegence I ordered 1200 Men to be ready to March, tho we had only four Weeks Flour which Mister Lockart fortunately brought with him. and Left Lt Colonel Campbell with the rest of the Troops at Beaver to Escort, & Send after me the Long looked for Supplys so often & repeatedly promised by our D.Q.M. Genl Mister steel when they arrived & in the Mean time to finish the Fort & Stores.
We were fourteen Days upon our March abot 70 Miles to Tuscorawas as our Horses & Cattle tired every 4 or 5 Miles from our first setting ⟨out⟩ & were Met there only by some Coochauchking Delawares and Moravians who informed me the Chipwas & Otawas refused to Join the other Indians upon which their Hearts failed them ⟨&⟩ none came to oppose our March. but unfortunately a Letter ⟨mutilated⟩ Express from Lt Colo. Campbell a Little afterwards informed me that no supplys came yet. and had very little to expect during the Winter, nor, could he get the staff to account or give any reasons for their Neglect & deficiencys, which disapointed all my flattering prospects & Schemes, and Left me no other Alternative than either to March back as I came without effecting any Valuable purpose, which the world would Justly reflect upon me for, after so much Expence. Confirm the Savag⟨es⟩ in the Opinion the Enemy inculcates of our weakness, & Unite all of them to a Man against us. or, to build a strong stockade Fort upon Muskingum, & Leave as many Men as our provision would allow to Secure it untill the next season. & to Serve as a Bridle upon the Savages in the Heart of their own Country. which last I chose with the Unanimous approbation of my principle Officers, and were employed upon it while our provision lasted. & in the Mean time thought it Necessary to make some proposals to all the Indians if they came in a certain fixd time to offer terms, & prevent our being Mollested. I am the more particular in giving my reasons for building Fort Laurens, as Morgan, Steel & their Dependants for want of other Matter have cryed it down as a designed slaughtering penn, impossible to Manta⟨in⟩ & endevoured to prejudice the whole Country against it, altho’ the former Laid the plann that was afterwards adopted for taking & keeping Detroit.
I always was, & Still am firmly of the opinion, the on⟨ly⟩ way to Subdue Indians effectualy is to carry a Chain ⟨of⟩ Forts directly into their Country, so near as to support each other the last always having the most force, & keep possession as we go. & to make Excursions at pleasure into their Towns when in force & Oppertunity Offers. or retreat to them when weak, ill Supplyed or in other Cases of Necessity, which will often happen in Indian Warrs, & they know well how to take advant⟨age⟩ of. By the best information I can get there is no Navigat⟨ion⟩ above the Wabash (which is 8 or 900 Miles below Pittsburgh) ⟨mutilated⟩ Lake Erie, equal to Muskingum, the way of Cuyohaga, or, the Aligany the way of Presquille, & both of these are very Uncertain to go up against the stream, as the Waters are often too high & rapid, and oftener too Low. Yet they may be Serviceable at times. Scioto, & Hockhocking are me⟨re⟩ Rapid Creeks of no account, & are not much better than Beaver, altho Traders have frequently brought their Loaded Cannons down each in time of high freshes.
for any further particulars respecting the Western Department I will attend in person, & begg Leave to refer you to my General Orders, & private Instructions & Letters. I have the Honor to be Your Excellencys Most obt Hble servt
Lachn McIntosh
If your Excellency is already determined to attact the Seneca Nation from the Westward as well as from Susquahana at the Same time, I would give it as my humble Opinion that the two Garrisons on the Indian Side of Ohio should be mantained & go no further that way at present. and to Errect posts at proper Distances up along the River Alegany, as far, or farther than Kushkushing, which may be done by fatigue when the party is going up, if the River is then too Low, or, if it is in good order for the Boats, after they strike the Blow intended, in Concert with the other Army. and I should apprehend the Same would be necessary up the Susquahana as far as Tioga, which I think must Undoubtedly Remove the Northern as well as the Western Tribes over the great Lakes, or bring them to Terms, as they cannot otherwise think of planting so near our Garrisons, & Shew them we Mean to retaliate their Injurys by keeping possession of their Country.
Lachn McIntosh


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Maxwell, 27 April 1779
From: Maxwell, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
Elizth Town [N.J.] 27th April 1779

I have the pleasure to inclose Your Excellency Yesterdays New York Paper giving an account of the Packet’s arival.
I likewise inclose you a note I got with the Paper last nigh[t]. The person who deliverd my man the papers, last night says that the Flat bottom’d Boats went down to the Hook the day the note was wrote. Some emajins they are for Munmoth others for Egg Harbour I think it must be along that shore; therefore I thought proper to give the earleyest notice and am Your Excellencys Most Obeydent Humble Servant
Wm Maxwell


Title: From George Washington to Joseph Reed, 27 April 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Reed, Joseph

Sir,
Head Qrs, Middle Brook, 27 April, 1779.

In a line of yesterday, as I did not think it proper to detain the express & delay the notice then given till I could prepare a more explicit answer, I only briefly acknowledged the receipt of your two letters in Council of the 24th and 25th inst, to which I should have added that of the 26th—I am now to enter into a particular consideration of their contents, and to offer such explanation as may seem necessary, to satisfy any doubts which the honorable the Council may entertain on the subjects they respectively discuss.
The first relates wholly to the trial of Majr Genl Arnold.—It is with concern I observe that the Council appear to have misconceived the intention of the notification contained in my letter of the 20th—and to imagine that I had taken the matter in a different point of view from that in wch it is considered by Congress and by themselves;—placing them in the light of a party in the prosecution.—I flatter myself on a revisal of my letter [and of] the resolve of Congress on which it is founded this opinion will be readily retracted.—The resolve of which the inclosed is a copy, directs me to appoint “a court martial for the trial of General Arnold, on the first second third and fifth articles contained in the resolves of the executive Council of Pennsylvania, & to notify them of it with a request that they would furnish the evidence to the Court.” My letter was intended as a simple compliance with this order, and accordingly informs that I had directed a court to be held at this place on the first of May next, for the trial of Majr Genl Arnold, on the 1st 2d 3d & 5th charges exhibited against him by the Council, requesting that they would be pleased to furnish the court at the appointed time with the proper evidence in support of the charges. The terms of this letter were such as, in common speaking, naturally presented themselves to express what was intended; because the charges there said to be exhibited by the Council, though in their present form, they are instituted by the authority of Congress originated in the resolves of Council, of which they compose a part. But if they contain any ambiguity, or seem to imply more than those of the resolve, it is entirely to be ascribed to inadvertency and to a want of precision.—It will easily be seen that they could not be meant to convey the idea supposed, when it is recollected to be a fundamental maxim in our Military trials, that the Judge advocate prosecutes in the name and in behalf of the United States.—But, as it is customary and reasonable, for those who exhibit information on which charges are founded to produce or point out the witnesses necessary to support them, and enable public justice to operate; on this principle, I presume Congress directed the notification which has been made; and in the same spirit, it was my intention to convey it.—Further than this, I had no idea of considering the Council as a party.
My motives for appointing the trial to take place at so short a period were these.—The season is fast advancing when we shall be under a necessity of taking the field; and as it is at most times very inconvenient (in the present state of the army impracticable) to spare a sufficient number of officers of high rank to compose a Court at a distance from Camp, and almost equally so to be carrying on a long and perhaps complicated trial in the midst of the operations of a campaign, it was my wish to bring it on at once, in hopes it might be concluded before they began.—This was one reason, and to me a weighty one.—another was, that General Arnold had written to me in a very pressing manner, requesting the trial might commence as soon as possible.—Uninformed of the particular circumstances which might require delay, & considering it as my duty to accelerate the execution of justice as well to the public in case of real guilt as to the individual if innocent; I could have no objection to complying with his request.—As the affair had been a considerable time in agitation, & I took it for granted the Council were acquainted with the order of Congress for appointing a Court.—I concluded the witnesses would be prepared, and that little time was necessary to collect them. The remoteness of the persons alluded to—I could not foresee.—The affair of the two officers is entirely new to me—nor did it ever occur to my mind as probable, that the Gentlemen, whom I conjecture to be hinted at, were intended to be summoned as witnesses on the side of the prosecution.—
I can assure the Council, with the greatest truth, that “substantial justice not a mere formality will undoubtedly be my object on this occasion.” I shall endeavour to act and I wish to be considered, merely as a public executive officer alike unbiassed by personal favour or resentment, and having no other end in view than a faithful, ingenuous discharge of his duty.—To obviate the remotest appearance of a different disposition, as well as to give the freest operation to truth—I have determined to defer the trial till the 1st of June if it is thought the most material witnesses can be produced by that time, or till the 1st of July, if it is deemed necessary to wait the arrival of the two officers from Carolina. I am therefore to request of the Council information on this head, and that they will be pleased to point out without delay the persons who are to be called upon as witnesses in the affair.—Where my authority will produce their attendance, it is my duty to exercise it—where I have no right to order, I can only request; but where any citizens of the State of Pensylvania are concerned, I doubt not the Council will employ its influence and authority to induce their appearance.
As to the officers who may compose the Court Martial, I trust the respectability of their characters will put their honor and impartiality out of the reach of suspicion.—
The expence of witnesses, as the prosecution is in behalf of the United States I take it for granted will be borne by them—Whether it will be possible for the court to sit at or near Philadelphia depends upon circumstances which cannot now be foreseen—at this time it could not by any means be done, if it can be done hereafter, without prejudice to the service, it will be very agreeable to me.—The mode of conducting the trial will be strictly conformable to the orders of Congress, and to the sentiments I have now expressed; and I hope will not be thought in any degree to deviate from the respect due to the Council.
It gives me much pain to find by your letter of the 26th, that there is not a better prospect of aid from the militia of your state in the intended Indian expedition.—The drawing out the militia into service will no doubt interfere with the culture of the lands, and it were to be wished it could be avoided. But the reduced state of our Regiments and the little apparent probability of augmenting them will not allow me to prosecute a vigorous offensive operation to the westward, wholly with Continental Troops, without weakening the main army so much as to put every thing to the hazard this way.—Influenced by considerations of this nature I applied to your state for six hundred men—to New York for an indeterminate number (to be employed on the frontier also) which has voted 1000,—and to New Jersey to replace as far as was thought proper the Continental Troops now stationed on the coast which will of necessity be withdrawn.—If these applications have not the desired effect, bad as the consequences may be, I can only wish what I am unable to accomplish and regret [w]hat it is not in my power to prevent.—
Notwithstanding the cautious terms in which the idea is conveyed, I beg leave to express my sensibility to the suggestion contained, not only in your letter of the 25th, but in a former one of the , that the frontier of Pennsylvania is left unguarded and exposed, while that of some other States is covered and protected.—Nor can I be less affected by the manner of the application for stationary Troops, in case the proposed expedition should be laid aside;—an event which I could hardly have thought supposeable.—I am not conscious of the least partiality to one state, or neglect of another.—If any one have cause to complain of the latter it is Virginia, whose wide extended frontier has had no cover but from Troops more immediately beneficial to the South-western parts of Pensylvania; which besides this has had its Northern frontier covered by Spencer’s, Pulaski’s, and Ormand’s Corps—its middle by Hartley’s and some independent Companies.—That these Troops were unequal to the task is not to be denied—nor that a greater number was sent at the close of last campaign to the western frontier of New York.—But, for the first the scantiness of our means is a sufficient reason. If the abilities and resources of the States cannot furnish a more competent force, assailable as we are on all sides, they will surely be more just than to expect from the army, protection at every point.—As to the last, these troops were not sent to be stationary.—The repeated accts transmitted by Congress and received from other quarters of the ravages actually committed, and the still greater threatned upon the western frontier of that state, occasioned by so considerable a detachment, with a view to some offensive operations in the winter.—But these through unforseen impediments we were obliged to lay aside—all these troops, except the garrison of Fort Schuyler, are now destined for the Indian expedition, and are preparing for it.—I have been thus particular from a scrupulous desire to show, that no part of my conduct indicates a predilection to one state more than to another; but that, as far as the means in my hands will extend, I aim equally at the security and welfare of all.—This is only to be obtained by vigorous exertions; and in the present case, these must depend on the aid which the States most interested will give.
I am sorry for the difficulty, that occurs on the score of arms for the militia.—Unfortunately the continental arsenals from the returns I have seen are so empty, that if a part were to be spared from them, there would not remain a sufficiency for the few recruits we may expect to receive.
The hurry in which I am often obliged to write letters will sometimes not allow them to be as full and explicit as might [be] wished—But besides the reasons assigned in my last for relinquishing the idea of a co-operation from Fort Pitt, according to the original Plan—the uncertainty of timing it well and a want of sufficient information of the country, through which they wd have to pass—I might have added another, which had no small influence in the determination.—I found by my acct[s] from that quarter, that the removal of these Troops, would not only uncover the part of the Country where they now are, but add confidence to the western Indians, already too much inclined to hostility, & expose our affairs there to the most disagreeable consequences.—
General hand is only gone forward as an advanced Corps to establish Posts, form magazines and prepare the way for Troops that will follow.—this explains his letter.—
If the Militia cannot be had for a longer term than two months, they must be posted on the communication between Sunbury & the operating Troops, & be relieved by others, at the expiration of their term of service.—Upon the whole, it will make a most essential difference in our measures whether the aid of militia which I have requested, be furnished or not; and I cannot forbear expressing, in the most urgent manner, my wish, that the state may find it practicable to comply.—
The Council are pleased to intimate an application from Bermudas for a supply of flour—I am glad to find they do not seem disposed to comply with it.—in my opinion it can not be done without serious injury to the service.—not only we appear to want all that article which the country can spare for our own use but by with-holding it from the enemy, we shall distress their privateers, which are the bane of our commerce not a little.—this I have reason to believe from the best authority has already happened from the embargo’s which have been laid upon that article; and it would hardly be politic to remove the difficulty.—no doubt a great part of what might be furnished would be applied in this way—Besides these considerations, by with-holding a supply, we throw many additional mouths upon the Enemy’s magazines, and increase proportionably their distress—they will not—they cannot let their people starve.—With great esteem & respect I am Sir, yr most Obedt H. Servt
Go WASHINGTON.


Title: From George Washington to Philip Schuyler, 27 April 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Schuyler, Philip

Dear Sir,
Camp at Middle brook April 27th 1779.

Your Letter of the 15th by Doctr Cochran came to my hands yesterday—The intelligence contained in it is of importance, if true, and I shall be much obliged to you for sending persons into Canada (if you have them not already there) for the purpose of ascertaining the truth of the report. The certainty of which must affect, materially, the intended Indian Expedition. I will thankfully pay any expence which may be incurred to procure authentic intelligence of this matter.
I have done with the Papers you were so obliging as to lend me and only wait for a safe conveyance to return them—In the journal of Colo. Bradstreets Expedition to Fort Frontenac the author when he gets to the head of the Oneida lake makes this observation “about half a Mile from the lake a creek called the fish-kill empties itself into Wood creek; It is by the rout of this Creek the Indians from Oswegatchie come to Oneida & from thence make incursions & commit ravages on the Inhabitants of the Mohawks Country; according to the best information I could obtain, their journey to the Mouth of this Creek is usually performed in three days, and its distance from Oswegatchie about 100 Miles” I wish I had been master of this observation the 20th of Novr when I requested the favor of you to enquire if there was not a practicable rout from Johnson Hall or the Mohawk River to Oswegatchie—It may yet be of importance to investigate this matter thoroughly for if the distance is no greater than is mentioned above & a way can be had fit for the transportation of Artillery & stores it presents itself to me as the most certain plan for reducing the upper Posts of the Enemy, & their force on the lake as their communication with Canada may be cut—In this point of light it becomes an object of much consideration, & I shall esteem it as a particular favor to have this Country & rout well explored. The Oniedas must certainly be acquainted with it, if it has been used as a War path & Mr Kirkland or Mr Dean can I should think easily obtain Indians for this discovery—but these should be accompanied by some one or many persons of observation. & capable of rendering an accurate & faithful report.
Doctr Cochran has obtained my permission to return to the Manor of Livingston whenever he pleases. I am with much truth & sincerity Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt & Affe. H: Ser.
G. W——n


Title: To George Washington from Philip Schuyler, 27 April 1779
From: Schuyler, Philip
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Albany April 27th 1779.

Last Night Captain Graham, of Van Schaick’s, delivered me Dispatches from that Officer, advising me of the Success of the Troops of the united States under his Command on the Enterprize against Onondaga; for particulars, permit me to refer your Excellency to the inclosed papers.
The Secrecy, Dispatch and propriety with which Colonel Van Schaick has executed his orders do him great Honor and your Excellency will percieve by his Letter that he is highly satisfied with the Conduct of the Officers and Troops that accompanied him on the Expedition.
General Clinton, who marched with the Troops mentioned in my last, finding none of the Enemy who were supposed to be in Tryon County has proceeded to Sacandaga on the West Branch of Hudson’s River, to erect a picket Fort in order to cover the Northern Frontier of that County.
I shall direct the prisoners Colonel Van Schaick has made to be secured in this place until your Excellency’s pleasure is known. I have the Honor to be with perfect Respect & Esteem Your Excellency’s most obedient humble Servt
Ph: Schuyler
P.S. I have not communicated the above to Congress.


Title: To George Washington from Peter Scull, 27 April 1779
From: Scull, Peter
To: Washington, George

Sir
War Office [Philadelphia] 27. April 1779.

I return your Excellency the four commissions sent for alteration in your Letter of the 22d, together with a memorial of Captain Keene late of patton’s Regiment praying to be readmitted into the pennsylvania line as his health is reestablished; and his extreme low state at the time the late Committee sat having been the only reason why he was excluded. Captain Stoddards resignation has been forwarded to Head Quarters. I have the honor to be Your Excellencys Very hb. Serv.
P. Scull Secretary


Title: To George Washington from Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 27 April 1779
From: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.
To: Washington, George

Sir
Lebanon [Conn.] 27th April 1779

I have taken time and opportunity to consult with Gentlemen, in order to give the better information on the head of inquiry, mentioned in your letter of the 24th of March last.
This State intend to compleat their quota of Continental Battalions—After this, it is my opinion that one Battalion of Militia, equal in number to a Continental one, may be drawn from hence, well equipped, & commanded by our Militia Officers, and assembled at Coos, agreeable to your proposal. It is indeed apprehended, that if the service would admit thereof, the longer before the same is required, the less it will hinder our agriculture; and if not called for till August, harvest and gettingg hay, will nearly be finished—and the men can be soon collected and equipped—I shall want advice sometime in May when our Assembly will be sitting.
Our extensive Sea-Coasts, with the present situation and movements of the Enemy, strongly indicate an invasion, or frequent irruptions into this state—that it is one object of their rage and depredations. This occasions my application, and request, that one or two Regiments of Continental Troops may be stationed at New-Haven and New-London, for the defence of our Coasts. The calling of Militia is a great prejudice to the husbandry, and unless we have aid from Continental Troops, or the enemy change their present position and object, I dare not give encouragement for more than One Battalion of Militia. I am, with Esteem and Regard Your Excellency’s Most Obedient humble Servant
Jonth; Trumbull


Title: General Orders, 28 April 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Wednesday April 28th 79.
Parole Lewis-XVIC. Signs Washington.


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Hodgdon, 28 April 1779
From: Hodgdon, Samuel
To: Washington, George

May it please Your Excellency
Pluckemin [N.J.]April 28 1779

Captn Winder calls on me with a Letter from Mr Henry inclosing an Invoice and receipt for sundry Military Stores delivered Captn Winder for the use of the First Maryland Brigade, and requests that I would take the Brigade Quarter Masters receipts & charge them to the Brig[ad]e and forward him my rect to Cancel Captn Winders. as this mode is entirely new, and for several reasons unexceptionable, I did not chuse to make a precident, I therefore waited on General Knox for advice and direction he was of opinion that I ought not to do it without a positive order from your Excellency these are the reasons Sir, that gave Birth to the reference. With respect and esteem I am Yours &c.

        Samuel Hodgdon F.C.M.S.


Title: From George Washington to William Livingston, 28 April 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, William

Sir,
Head Quarters Middle Brook April 28th 1779

I have the honor to inclose your Excellency extracts of three letters I have just received—one from a confidential correspondent at New York of the 25th another from General Maxwell, inclosing that, of the 27th and another from Lt Col. Ford stationed in Monmouth County of the 26th. From the correspondence of time and circumstances, it appears that the troops mentioned in these different letters are the same. Their objects probably were to cut off Colonel Fords detachment obtain supplies and plunder the inhabitants. They may however possibly have it in view to establish a post in that quarter for the purposes of encouraging the disaffected, drawing provisions and forage from the adjacent country and engaging recruits to their corps of levies.
I thought it necessary to apprize your Excellency of the movement whatever may be its design. I have the honor to be With perfect respect & esteem Yr Excellency’s Most Obedt servant.
P.S. Your favour of the 24th is received.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Maxwell, 28 April 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Maxwell, William

Sir
Hd Qrs Middlebrook 28 April 1779

Your letters of the 25 and 26th came duly to hand with their inclosures.
I have considered the Court Martial held at New-Ark of which Major Piatt was president; and as John Malcom appears from the face of the evidence to have been the most active and criminal in the transaction, I have therefore confirmed his sentence of death and inclosed a warrant for his execution. McDonald appearing less guilty, I have thought proper to remit his punishment. And in compliance with the recommendation in favor of Curry I have also remitted his sentence.
Malcom’s execution should be as soon as possible, on the principle I mentioned in my former letter. I am sir your most hble servt
Go: Washington
P.S. Mr Hopkins an inhabitant of the State of Maryland having received the Councils sanction to an interview on our lines with a person with the enemy—you will therefore send in such letter as he may write for obtaining this purpose; informing Mr Hopkins who will wait on you of the place, which you may judge most proper for the interview on our lines. An officer will attend on the occasion.
G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Alexander McDougall, 28 April 1779
From: McDougall, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Sir
Head Quarters Pecks-Kill [N.Y.] April 28th 1779

I was honored with your Favor of the 23rd, accompanied with one to General Putnam, which was immediately forwarded.
The Closing the Communication thrô the Enemy’s Lines, has been explained by a Forage, made by Colonel Emerick to East Chester—That Measure was necessary for them; as many Waggons were collected, least our Parties might disturb him.
The Object of the Enemy for the Campaign, is now clearly explained to me; Altho I own, I had some Doubts about it, before—He will act on the defensive, in the middle states, and push Conquests in the southern ones—Lawrel Hill opposite to Fort Washington, is to be strongly fortifyed—The work is already begun—This and the Fort, forms the Gorge, which Governor Johnstone spoke of, in the House of Commons—when those Works are compleated I am confident, the Enemy will destroy the Works on this Side of the Bridge, and contract his Out-Posts and Guards—A Considerable Embarkation is made, but have not yet found, of what Corps it consists—The Embarkation is certain. It comes various ways—I imagine part of their Plan will be to evacuate Rhode Island. I have the Honor to be Your Excellency’s most humble servant
Alexr McDougall


Title: From George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 28 April 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

Dr Sir,
Hd Qrs Middlebrook 28th April 1779

By intelligence received from different quarters, there is great reason to suspect the enemy have some important movement in contemplation—In this aspect of things, it becomes the part of prudence to provide as effectually as we can for the security of those points, at which we are most vulnerable. I am therefore to desire you will, without delay, detach General Parsons’ Brigade to reinforce General McDougall, and to continue with him ’till further orders—They must take their artillery and baggage with them. You will as directed in former letters hold the other brigade in perfect readiness to march at the shortest warning; and conform strictly to your original instructions, if you receive advice from General McDougall of any serious appearances of a movement against him.
I have just received notice that a detachment of the enemy have made an incursion into Monmouth County—Their objects probably were to surprise & cut off a party of our troops stationed there and to procure supplies. In the former they have been disappointed. I am Dr Sir, with great regard Your most Obedt servant.
P.S. By advice from New York it appears that the 42. 33 & 2 batalions of guards had embarked in flat bottomed boats on the morning of the 25th—that these were to be joined by Barton’s & Buskirks batalions & that three regiments of Hessians were the day after to draw provisions for six days—It is also said a number of heavy cannon have been embarked on board transports.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Charles Scott, 28 April 1779
From: Scott, Charles
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fredricksburg [Va.] Apl 28th 1779

After finding the Recruits did not meet at Alexandria agreable to my orders, I returnd to this post where I found about four hundred new Recruits and two hundred of the Reinlisted men on furlough. I have with Some difficulty Clothed three hundred of the recruits who togather with one Hundred of the reinlisted men marches for Camp this day, the men are now begining to colect preety fast but I cannot with any degree of Certainty say when I shall be able to march a Second division, owing to the want of Clothing I have wrote very pressingly to forward them on But have not Yet had any answer.
Your Excellencys Instructions Came so late to hand that before I could give the officers in the most remote Countys notice they Had Set out for camp, a Circumstance that I could not possably be acquainted with untill now By which means there are Several Countys that Have not been called on for their Cota of men which obliges me to Send officers from this place for that purpose, which will be a means of great Delay. however I have hopes of geting them hear By the time the Cloths are ready—after finding a Considerable number of the officers whos names Your Excellency gave me, had gon to camp I fell in with several whos names I had not got being short of officers and making no doubt It was meant that all the officers in Virga was meant to assist in this duty I took the liberty to Detain Several of them which I hop will meat Your Excellencys approbation. I am Your Excellencys Obt Servant
Chs Scott


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General James Clinton, 29 April 1779
From: Clinton, James
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Albany April 29th 1779

I am just returned from an Excursion up the Mohawk River, in consequence of an Alarm given by a Body of Indians, who made their Appearance, and attacked several parts of that Country at the same time tho’ without doing any considerable Damage. I have erected a small Bloock house about 10 Miles from Johnstown on the Fork of the Roads leading to May-Field and Sochondoga. On my return I was favoured with your Excellency’s Letter of the 19th Instant.
With respect to the Arrangements of the New York line, I woud beg leave to inform your Excellency, that when the Committee of Arrangement sat at the White Plains, some of the Officers were returned agreeable to the dates of the Comissions they now hold, others were returned agreeable to the dates of the Commissions they held next prior to them; while a third Class were returned agreeable to the dates of the Commissions they first held of the same rank they now hold, If they shoud be returned agreeable to the last mentioned method, many of the Officers have not yet had Justice done them, in the Present return.
Those Officers who were omitted in the return made to the Committee, were those who stood perticularly recommended, continued in constant Service, and were since admitted in Consequence of Vacancies in there respective Regiments.
As Colonel Duboys hath been absent all winter occasioned by a fall from his Horse, I undertook to return his Regiment agreeable to the State Arrangement in every particular; I therefore cannot account for any incongruities which appear in it, untill he joins his Corps, which I expect will be in few days.
I have consulted Genl Schuyler on the main Subject of your Excellency’s Letter, and shall take every necessary Step to have your Orders put in immediate Execution.
I conceive the Artillery and Rifle Corps will march with the Troops tho’ they are not mentioned in your Excellency’s Letter.
Returns of the light Cloathing &c. that will be wanted in this Department shall be transmitted to Head Quarters, as soon as I can obtain those from the different Corps.
Lt Col. Willet and Major Cochran, who accompanied Col. V. Schaick in the Expedition against Onondoga, arrived here last night, they expect the Prisoners in town this day, whom I propose to send down to Poughkeepsie. The manner in which this Enterprize hath been conducted, and the strict Attention paid to the Orders, reflect the highest honor on the Gentlemen intrusted with the Command—I have transmitted your Excellency the Perticulars, as Genl Schuyler hath informed me that he did it in my Absence—I flatter myself Congress will be made acquainted with the Affair thro your Excellency. I am with the most perfect Esteem Your Excellency’s most obedient & very humble Servant
James Clinton B. Genl


Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 29 April 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

Sir,
Head Quarters Middle Brook April 29th 1779

I have the honor to inform your Excellency, that by a letter from Capt. Burrows dated the 26th at Middle Town, it appears, that the body of the Enemy mentioned in my last, as having made an incursion into Monmouth County reimbarked the afternoon of the same day and returned to New York. A small party of fifteen Continental Troops under Capt. Burrows had kept up a desultory fire upon them for a considerable time, both before and during the retreat; this party was afterwards reinforced by Col. Holmes with sixty Militia which is said to have accelerated their retreat. The Enemy are supposed to have been about 800 strong commanded by Col. Hyde of the Guards. They left one dead behind them, and an inhabitant reports to have seen three more dead and fourteen or fifteen wounded put on board their boats. On our side, we had one man slightly wounded; they carried off a few of the inhabitants. I cannot suppose the Capt. mistaken as to their going off, though I have not received any advice from Col: Ford since his letter (the substance of which I communicated) which is of the same date with Burrow’s. With great respect I am Sir Your Mo: Obet hum: Servt
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Captain Samuel Kearsley, 29 April 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Kearsley, Samuel

Sir
Hd Qrs Middlebrook 29th April 1779.

I have to acknowlege your letter of the 25th instant.
When officers have decided on leaving the army; as I cannot oblige them to continue, so it would be in vain to make the attempt. I could not add superior considerations to those of serving their country; nor would it be in my power to reconcile every change of situation, to the sentiments of those who may be seperated from their brother officers; should not their own ideas, on the occasion, correspond with the necessity of pursuing some general principle, where alterations in corps become expedient.
In case you have finally resolved to retire, you will be pleased to transmit the usual cirtificate that you have settled your Regimental or public accounts with your commission I shall then receive your resignation, altho it is my wish could that have any operation to retain a good a⟨nd⟩ valuable officer. I am sir your most [&]c.
G.W.


Title: From George Washington to William Livingston, 29 April 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, William

        Dr Sir.
Hd Qrs Middlebrook 29th April 1779

I had the honor to write your Excellency yesterday on the subject of an incursion made by the enemy into Monmouth County.
The inclosed copy of a letter from Capn Burrows to Lord Stirling will inform you of their retreat and embarkation. I cannot suppose the Captn mistaken as to their going off—tho’I have not received any advice from Col. Ford the substance of which I communicated since his letter which is also of the same date with Burrows. I have the honor to be with great esteem and regard your Excellencys most hble servt
G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel William Malcom, 29 April 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Malcom, William

Sir,
Head Quarters Middle Brook April 29th 1779

I have received your two favours of the 24th and 25th—and can only regret, that circumstances should have been such as to induce you to decline the command of the new corps—I am also sorry for the dissatisfactions, that appear among the officers and men; the request of the latter cannot be complied with—I have no power for it—it would lead to extensive consequences—and indeed I dislike the nature of the application; but I trust the exertions of the officers will suppress the progress of a spirit, of which even the first workings are disagreeable and dangerous.
I approve the measure of leaving a guard upon the stores; it was certainly necessary.
As Colonel Spencer has taken the command I shall not enlarge on the affairs of the corps.
Now you are retiring from the field, it is with pleasure I do you the justice of acknowleging your merits as an officer. You have acquitted yourself in the several trusts reposed in you in a manner that has merited my fullest approbation; and induces me to subscribe myself with esteem—Sir Your most Obedt servt.


Title: To George Washington from Philip Schuyler, 29 April 1779
From: Schuyler, Philip
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Albany April 29th 1779.

Your Excellency’s Favor of the 19th I had the Honor to receive on the 27th Inst., a few Hours after the Express with mine of that Date was dispatched.
The Arguments adduced in Favor of employing General Clinton’s Brigade from the Mohawk River against the left Flank of the Enemy, cogent as they are, appear to me to be more than ballanced by those urged for a Junction with the main Body at Owege or Tioga—perhaps an Observation or two which I shall make will so much support the latter as to remove some Doubts on the Subject.
If 3000 Men are to penetrate the Indian Country by the Susquehannah, and if the Enemy’s Force should not exceed my Estimate of it conveyed in a former Letter which I believe it will not do unaugmented by Troops from Canada, I should not hesitate to advise against a Junction of the Troops for the Reasons assigned in your Excellency’s, altho’ I cannot think it would be necessary in order to deter the Enemy from attacking the Western Frontiers as I have not the least Apprehension that they would Risk a Manœuvre when a respectable Body of Troops is in their Country which would expose them to be intercepted in their Retreat; but if Reinforcements are to be sent from Canada, as I apprehend there will be, from the Information which I had the Honor to transmit you by Dr Cochran, and because Brandt and Butler are gone to Canada for the express purpose of solliciting Assistance, and that we may reasonably suppose the British will not abandon Allies who give us so much Trouble, then I concieve any Operations from Fort Schuyler would be rendered nugatory, as the Troops employed from thence would not be in sufficient Force to act effeciently against the Enemy by penetrating to Cayuga or to any other distant point in the Indian Country, or to prevent or retard the Junction of any Troops from Canada with the Savages, tho’ of an Inferior Force, for whatever Aid is sent will either leave Ontario at Oswego or Iarondequat—If they land at the latter every Hope of preventing their Junction by Troops to be sent from Fort Schuyler is destroyed not only from the Distance but from the certain Destruction they would experience by being put between the Fire of the Savages and the Reinforcement—If the Troops coming from Canada should ascend the Onondaga River, altho’ the Distance to the point where Opposition ought to be made to prevent their Junction with the Savages Vizt at the three Rivers is but small, yet the Cayugas who are now probably joined by the remaining Onondagas would move to the Support of their Friends and enable them to secure their passage—If then the prospect of preventing a Junction of the Enemy in that Quarter is small and if General Clinton is not in Force to penetrate into the Country it will not only be extremely hazardous for him to march from Fort Schuyler across the Country to join the main Body; but perhaps for Want the Means of Conveying the necessary Stores impracticable, and hence, as your Excellency justly observes the main Body would be exposed to the Danger of Defeat from the collective Force of the Enemy: I am therefore clearly of Opinion that it would be most advisable to form the Junction at Owege or Tioga by Otsego unless the most undoubted Intelligence could be obtained that no Troops or Savages are coming from Canada or at least if any are intended from thence that they will not arrive in Time to co-operate with the Indians—As the place of Rendezvous for the Corps in this Quarter, which your Excellency has marked in your Orders to General Clinton will as you mention, point both Ways, perhaps it may be well not to order a Movement from thence until the main Body is so far advanced up the Susquehanna as that those may only arrive in Time to cause no Delay to the whole, because if such Intelligence should be obtained and the Troops from Susquehanna in such Force as I have mentioned a penetration from Fort Schuyler would certainly expedite the Business and perhaps, if other Circumstances will permit, enable your Excellency to direct an Attempt against Deer Island.
We shall probably receive such Information from Canada in a little Time as will clear all Doubts on the Subject, either from the party sent to counteract the Intentions of Butler & Brandt with Respect to the Canada Indians or from the Oneidas, who, accompanied with some Officers of Van Schaick’s are gone to Oswegatchie or from a Friend in Canada—I shall besides advise General Clinton to order small parties to be continually kept in the Vicinity of Oswego to discover if any Troops pass by that place, which all must do, who go to the Westward.
I have already given General Clinton my Advice on the Measures to be prosecuted in the Execution of your Excellency’s Orders to him and have pointed out to Colonel Lewis such a Line of Conduct that I trust the Troops in this Quarter will be in Condition to move with great Celerity by whatever Rout they may be directed.

Yesterday I received an Act of Congress of which the inclosed is a Copy—I want Words, my dear Sir, to convey the lively Sense with which I feel myself impressed by your Friendship and Attention and permit me to assure you that, prompted by the most ingenuous & disinterested Motives, I shall always esteem myself imminently happy if I can any how promote your’s and I hope no Entreaties are necessary to induce you to lay your Commands on me without the least Hesitation on any Occasion wherein I can either render you or my Country a Service. I have the Honor to be Dear Sir, with the truest Affection and Esteem Your Excellency’s most obedient humble Servant
Ph: Schuyler
P.S. A Guard of Van Schaick’s Regiment has hitherto remained at Saratoga—Exposed as I am to Insults from the numerous disaffected and to small parties from Canada, I wish, if it can be consistently granted, that it should remain there.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel William Stephens Smith, 29 April 1779
From: Smith, William Stephens
To: Washington, George

May it please your Excellency
Camp [Middlebrook]April 29th 1779

Immagening that the multiplicity of Business that your Excellency must at present be necessarily engaged in, would render it something inconvenient to honour me with a private Audience; I have thought it most proper to adopt this method to inform you of my Situation which at present is not so agreable as I could wish.
I was permitted by M.G. Sullivan to come on with him to H. Quarters, to enquire into the arrangement of the Corps under the command of Colo. H. Jackson in which I have the Honour of commanding a Regt & if they were to be thrown into two Regts I flatter’d my-self I should continue in the Command of one of them as being the 2d in Rank in that Corps & consequently return, in which Situation I might probably have got my Regt removed to some Brigade which would have re[n]derd it more pleasing than when under the Command of Colo. Jackson, in short, it is so disagreable that I cannot think of sacrificeing my feelings as a Gent. & a Soldier any Longer.
If your Excellency could with any degree of propriety remove me from the Corps I should be happy otherwise I fear I shall be under the disagreable necessity of Leaving the Service of my Country a Circumstance that I candidly acknowledge to Your Excellency affords the most disagreable reflections, for I can conceive of very few Reasons that will Justify a young Gentleman in my Situation Quiting the Service while the Enemy are ravageing the Country that gave him Birth. The reasons that I could offer, why, being under the command of Colo. Jackson is disagreable to me, are so many & so lengthy that I fear it would be trespassing too much upon your Excellency’s Patience at present to rehears⟨e⟩.
Relying entirely upon your Excellency’s Pleasure by which I would wish to regulate my Conduct I have the Honour to subscribe myself Your most devoted Servt
Wm S. Smith Lt Coll


Title: To George Washington from Major General John Sullivan, 29 April 1779
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

Dear General
        29th April 1779 ½ past 1 oC.

I am this moment honored with your Excys favor of this morning I am to be upon the Business you are pleased to Mention this afternoon & Shall take Care to See that Every thing is in Readiness as I know much of your Excellys time will be taken up. As I am to go upon the Business by appointment at three of Clock your Excelly will please to Excuse my not doing myself the honor to Dine with you to Day which Should otherwise have gladly done. I have the honor to be most Respectfully Dear General Yr most obedt Servt
Jno. Sullivan


Title: General Orders, 30 April 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Friday April 30th 1779
Parole Vergennes—C. Signs Sartin D’Estaing.


Title: To George Washington from Royal Flint, 30 April 1779
From: Flint, Royal
To: Washington, George

Sir.
Camp Rariton [N.J.] April 30: 1779

By some accounts, just received from Philadelphia, I find the Purchasers have lately had good success, in procuring flour. My apprehensions of falling short in that article are fully removed. I make no doubt, the several armies may be comfortably subsisted, through the campaigne.
Colonel Blaine had not returned to Philadelphia the 28 inst.; An express was every moment expected from him. There was, at Carlisle, on the first instant, more than a sufficiency of flour to feed the troops proposed to go on the expedition, from Susquehannah. It was collected there for the purpose of that service. There was also considerable quantities of flour at Lancaster & Yorktown. I am your Excellencys Most obt hbl. srvt
Royal Flint A.C.G.P.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Edward Hand, 30 April 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Hand, Edward

Sir
Head Qrs Middlebrook 30th April 1779.

your several favors of the 16th from Lancaster—and the 23d & 26 Instant from Esthertown were duly handed me.
Proper measures have been taken with the commissary of ordinance and military stores to have the necessary supply of such articles as are the subject of yours of the 16th forwarded.
As to the axes & pack-saddles; on enquiry I find that the latter, of which you complain, were not designed for the expedition and that the Quarter Master will make every alteration on the occasion which may be necessary.
In future all arrangements coming from Major General Sullivan, is to be obeyed and executed, he being appointed to the command of the Indian Expedition—He will also receive such applications as you may judge expedient for the better prosecution of our operations.
From the circumstances you mention with respect to the little appearance there is of our being able to gain any substantial information from the emissaries employed by Col. Patterson—I agree with you in the propriety of suspending his proceedings. I am Sir
G.W.


Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 30 April 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

Sir.
Hd Qrs Middlebrook 30th April 1779.

I have the honor to inclose you an extract of a letter from Major General Gates relative to the complaints among the troops in the Eastern department for want of their pay—It will naturally claim the notice of Congress should not the nec[e]ssary supply of money have been ordered before this time. I have the honor to be with great regard and esteem Your most hble sevt.


Title: From George Washington to Richard Henry Lee, 30 April 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Richard Henry

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook April 30th 1779

I was duly honored with your letter of the 28th in behalf of the Committee for Southern affairs, with the inclosed copy of one from the Lt Governor of S. Carolina. The situation of affairs in that quarter has an aspect truly alarming; and though our force here after the troops intended for the Indian expedition are detached will be reduced so low as to afford cause of uneasiness; yet as the interior strength of these states is capable of great exertions on an emergency I cannot but concur with the views of the Committee respecting the Virginia levi⟨es.⟩ I wish they were in greater forwardness than they appear to be, by a letter of the 24th instant from General Scot, a copy of which I transmit. I believe it is one of the terms on which these men are engaged, that they shall be furnished with cloathing, before they march out of the State. This will be a difficulty which no pains should be spared to accommodate—If the cloathing really is not ready, the state should employ its influence to induce the men to proceed with satisfactory assurances that it shall follow as speedily as possible. I doubt not The Committee will take any measures they may think conducive to this end. I shall without delay, send a proportion of officers to take the command.

I think also it will be adviseable to send both Bland’s & Baylors Regiments to the Southward. They should be enabled to engage as many men as they have horses and accoutrements to equip.
We have only two regiments of the Quota of North Carolina in the field. I have already recommended that she should be called upon to complete the rest for the Southern service, in the most expeditious mode; which is certainly that of drafting. I know not what may have been done; but it seems essential this measure should be persued.
I am at a loss what additional measures to advise. Troops from this army cannot possibly be sent for the reasons repeatedly assigned—It seems however necessary, that troops of a better consistence than militia, whose time of service expires almost as soon as they arrive at their destination should be provided. This can only be done by laws in the neighbouring states, for drawing out a body for a longer term. I have the honor to be with great respect & esteem Sir Your most Obedt servt
Go: Washington
P.S. It will be necessary that arms be sent for the levies from this quarter. The Board of War will take the charge of this matter.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Alexander McDougall, 30 April 1779
From: McDougall, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Sir
Head Quarters Pecks-Kill [N.Y.] April 30th 1779

Altho I am extremely averse, to detaching men from their Corps; yet I cannot help expressing a Wish, to detain the Masons of General Poor’s Brigade, if I have your Orders for it. It is next to impossible, to get a sufficient Number of them, on any Terms, and they are much wanted to compleat the Works at West Point—The whole Number in it, is under Ten—The Place is a central Position, for them; and when the Works are finish’d, they can easily join.
If there is any Supplement to the Articles of war, since the 14th of April 1777, I beg your Excellency to order a Copy to be sent me—I think Colonel Hamilton had one at the Plains.
As the Pouches and Cartouch Boxes of the Troops are in wretched Order, and some without any, I have directed the light Infantry compleat, to be furnish’d with new ones. All is quiet here. I have the Honor to be Your Excellency’s most Obedient and most humble servant
Alexr McDougall


Title: From George Washington to Major Benjamin Tallmadge, 30 April 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Tallmadge, Benjamin

Sir,
Head Quarters Middle Brook 30th April 1779

I have been duly favoured with your letter of the 21st instant, and its inclosure. The plan for opening the communication by way of Staten Island may be delayed till C. hears further from me on the subject. However, I would have him to keep his eye upon such persons as he may think worthy of confidence.
Should Brown be released from the Provost, and return to Burgen; and appear fully adequate to such a conveyance, as has been proposed, C. may make the experiment by way of Bergen, as this will be nearer to Head Quarters than the route at present made use of—at any rate let him be regular and frequent in his correspondence by the old conveyance. It is the difficulty of furnishing specie—not the mere matter of expence which I had in view when I recommended œconomy.
I have not any of the Ink, but I will endeavour to provide some of it as soon as possible. I am Sir with regard Your Most Obet servant
Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 1 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook saturday May 1st 1779
Parole D’Aranda—C. Signs Navarro. Bouillie—


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Richard Butler, 1 May 1779
From: Butler, Richard
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philada May 1st 1779

When I left Camp I had no Idea that my little buisiness would have given me So much trouble else I would have requested more time of your Excellency to do it in, but, as there is A good field Officer with my Regt, I hope the Service will be at no loss & that your Excellency will Excuse my Stay untill I get it done which I hope will be in A few days—& I think it will be better to have my affairs Regulated now, than perhaps be Calld when my Duty requires my Attendance in Camp—these Considerations emboldens me to trouble your Excellency & flatter myself it will have weight with you as I have never had it in my power Since I have been in the Army before. I Am with evry Sentiment of Respect your Excellencys most Obedient & very Hbl. st
Richd Butler Col. 9th P. Regt


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 1 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

Sir,
Head Quarters Middle Brook 1st May 1779.

I have to acknowledge the due receipt of your two favors both of the 12th instant, and their several inclosures.
The paragraph in your letter relative to money for paying off the Troops I have transmitted to Congress.
I herewith send you a resolution of Congress of the 14th on the case of Major Harnage and Capt. Hawker of the Convention Troops with which you will be pleased to make him acquainted; and testify my condolance that circumstances should have made it expedient to limit their application.
I am happy to find that the state of provisions wear so favourable an appearance in your quarter. I am Sir Your Most Obet servant
Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from William Livingston, 1 May 1779
From: Livingston, William
To: Washington, George

Dr Sir
Trenton [N.J.] 1 May 1779

I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your Excellency’s two favours of the 28th & 29th ultimo. The British lately in Monmouth behaved, by all Accounts, in the most dastarly manner, running for one while from about 75 of our Militia, and continuing their retreat to their Very boats before less than one quarter of their number, to which all our reinforcements did not amount.
If Mr Franklin means to take possession of Amboy, they might doubtless by the sound on one side, and proper intrenchments, secure a lodgement. But I have reason to think that the Bailiwick of his Sherif of Middlesex will not extend far beyond his Encampment. Indeed I could wish that every villain in the State would join him, or in any other manner deliver us from his company; as I have no conception that they can injure us so much by such a step, or by any other, as by that of staying among us.
I have hitherto deferred calling out the Militia in hopes the Assembly would raise their wages, which I submitted to their consideration the moment I received your Excellencys Letter on the Subject of withdrawing your troops from Monmouth Elizabeth town &c. and without which I am persuaded they will not come out to any purpose in the monthly service—As I was daily flattered with a resolve on that head, I thought it best to sacrifice a few days (precious as the time is) for the sake of that stimulus, & the greater number it will probably produce. This afternoon I shall at all events issue the orders. But having hitherto delayed them from the above prospect, if your Excellency, can, consistent with your plan of operations continue the Troops a few days longer than you purposed, I am confident you want no other motive to induce you to do it, than your feelings for any of our Inhabitants that are more immediately exposed to the incursions of the Enemy. I have the honour to be with great esteem & regard Dear Sir Your Excellencys most humble Servt
Wil: Livingston


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Maxwell, 1 May 1779
From: Maxwell, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
Elizth Town [N.J.] 1st May 1779

I take this opertunity by Coll Palfry to Inform Your Excellency, that the Soldier of the 2d Regt was executed yesterday at New Ark agreeable to Your Orders. all the three was carryed to the place of execution with their Coffins &ca and was not pardon’d till after the others was thrown off, they were much afected as well as the Spectaters; I hope it will have a good efect. Mr McWhortry delivered a discorurse very applicable to the oc⟨ca⟩sion. I inclose You a York paper of ⟨mutilated⟩ 29th. I have no news and am Your Excellencys Most Obeydt Humble Servant

Wm Maxwell


Title: To George Washington from Major General Alexander McDougall, 1 May 1779
From: McDougall, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Sir
Head Quarters pecks Kill [N.Y.] May 1st 1779.

It is happy for the Army and America, that no more of the former, was destined to Quarter on this Side Hudsons. If it had, the greatest distress to the Army, wou’d certainly have been the cons[e]quence. For there were not sufficient means here, to support Man or Horse. When I first vissited Fish-Kill, I found Three hundred Head of Cattle, of different kinds, which had been eating their Mangers for three Days, althô upwards of an hundred Tons of Hay, had been Issued the preeceeding Month. Every petty branch of a department, had Horses sufficient for a Field Marshalls Suite. It therefore became necessary, to make a reform and move at a distance, all the public and useless Horses. This was accordingly done, and notwithstanding, the utmost oeconomy, We have narrowly escaped the breaking up the little Army. Your Excellency will be informed, by the Inclosures, the means I have persued in one Line. A Similar one has been attended to, in every other. I have not barely contented myself with Order, but called frequently for reports, to see the efficacy of the former. In short Sir, it was necessary to probe every department, to correct abuses and Neglects. This has been done, as far as lay in my power, consistant with the other duties of the post, insomuch, that its oeconomy has necessarily taken up the most of my time. The Line has been the most docile, of any I have had the honor of Commanding. It has submitted without a murmur, to the labour of Beasts. It has drawn the provision many miles, on the Ice and Snow, for want of Teams, and those of it, at West-point, were obliged to work in the Ice, to get the Chain out of the River, as the severe Weather over took us, before We were ready to bring it in—Colo. Malcom, having made no preparation for that purpose. In February Nixons Brigade was advanced to Croton, two Regiments at its entrance and one near pines Bridge. The Baggage left in the Mountains. Several reasons pointed out this Movement. Flour was an Object to us and the Enemy. It became necessary to collect the Wheat from the disaffected, near the Margin of the River, least it might tempt the Enemy to make an early excursion for it; as he was in great distress for Bread. That hath been done, and the Waggonage saved to the public, at a period when the Roads were deep, and the private Cattle l⟨ow.⟩ public ones cou’d not be commanded. The Troops exp⟨edited⟩ the treshing, collected the Wheat and took the Flour, from the Mills in Bags. This measure and the Guards on the Eastern Line, saved us from distress and disbanding. While this Object, was securing the Bridge was going on, at the Mouth of Croton, which has opened a Country of which We were totally ignorant. It is now passable, with any kind of Carriage, and will be compleat in a Week. And the Enemy cannot destroy it, but with great labour; otherwise than by throwing off the plank. Besides those considerations, it was of importance, to our repose, to be apparently ready to insult the Enemy, which often prevents any from him. Add to all those advantages, that the Brigade got many Articles of refreshment, amongst the Inhabitants, which cou’d not be got in the Mountains. My present position is, Detachments on the Lines. Nixons at Croton patersons and Learnards at West-point. Poors in Nixons Cantonment. Four Companies of the Carolinians at Haverstraw. A Company of the Train, Invalids and Convalance of the Hospital with a subaltern’s party of Militia guard the Stores at Fish-Kill. Nixons Baggage is now on board a Sloop at King’s-Ferry, ready to retire about the Fort. I have received advice from Major Hull on the Lines, of the arrival of the packet, which I suppose brings the February-mail. The Enemy has been very impatient for it.
Frequent applications are made to me by Officers to resign; I wish for directions on this subject, as many of them are very pressing. The papers relative to the Bay-Line will be transmitted in a Day or two. I have the honor to be with great truth and regard Your Excellency’s Very Humble Servant

   Alexr McD⟨ougall⟩

                     Sir
                     Head-Quarters Pecks Kill 1st May 1779.

I am this Moment honored, with your favor of the 28th Ultimo, accompanied with Letters for Generals schuyler and Putnam, both which are forwarded. Forage and Live-stock probably are the primary Objects of the Enemies movement, in Monmouth County. I am confident the increasing the New-Levies, is an Object the Enemy have much at Heart For twenty Dollars Bounty is offered to Recruits to enlist in Robinsons Corps; and the like to others. I have just now received a Letter from Major Hull, a Copy of which I take the liberty to inclose. General poor is not yet arrived. I have the honor to be Your Excellencys Humble Servant
Alexr McDougall


Title: To George Washington from George Measam, 1 May 1779
From: Measam, George
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Boston May 1st 1779

On the 20th Ulto I did myself the Honour of writing your Excellency ⅌ Colonel Palfrey—and on the 27th I received your Letter of the 20th from Middle Brook, the particulars of which shall be minutely attended to and as expeditiously executed as the difficulties of the times in getting teams and forrage for them on the road will allow and the exertion of my abilities be able to accomplish. Besides the Shoes, Hose & Shirts forwarded before the frost broke up as ⅌ advice sent your Excellency I have since the 17th of last month set off from this place upwards of 6,000 shirts 8,000 Linen overalls, 1000 ⅌ Hose and a Hhd of Russia Linen proper for Officers Overalls and Rifle Frock, and have now waiting for Teams, which I hope will be in in a few days, upwards of 3,000 ⅌s Shoes, 10 to 12,000 Linen Overalls and about 7,000 Rifle Frocks. I have repeatedly made the most pressing demands for teams at Springfield to forward them on from that place without delay, but I fear the Quartermaster there is not well supplied with money—I hope not but I fear delays on that account. I have seen the Agent at Portsmouth, he will have ready in about a fortnight about 4,000 ⅌ Shoes and some Hats—he has contracted for about 8,000 of the latter, but fears he shall not be able to get more than half the number, for the Hatters are not satisfied with the extravigant price of 8 Dollars a hat—I have the Honor to be Sir Your Excellency’s Most obedient and Most humble Servt
Geo. Measam


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons, 1 May 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Parsons, Samuel Holden

Sir,
Head Quarters Middle Brook 1st May 1779

Your letter of the 25th April has been duly received with its several inclosures.
I am pleased to find every thing wear so much the appearance of preparation for motion.
I shall take immediate measures with Genl Knox to have the deficiencies in the arms, and accoutrements furnished the Troops in your quarter. At the same time I cannot help regreting that so great deficiencies should occur especially in the ⟨latter;⟩ we cannot be too œconomical in the ⟨delivery⟩ of Arms & accoutrements, nor too attentive to prevent these articles from being lost through the carelessness of the Soldier.
According to the present arrangement, and my view of things there will be a necessity of continuing Col. Webbs regiment at Rhode Island, at least for some time.
I return you Capt. Mattock’s Commission, with my certificate of his resignation indorsed.
In consequence of the determination of the Court Col. Holdridge is to be released from his arrest.
Although Serjeant Gray’s case is of that kind as to merit serious punishment, yet as it appears by testimony to the Court that there might have been a temporary insanity which led to the commission of the crime; and for the other considerations alledged—I have thought proper to remit the sentence of death. You will give the necessary orders for the payment of the horse &c. I am Sir Your Most Obet Servt
Go: Washington
⟨I have⟩ just now received your letter of the 23d Inst. with the inclosed intelligence.