Title: From George Washington to William Vance, 10 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Vance, William

To Captain Vance, of the Militia.
[Winchester, 10 October 1755]

Hearing that you had quit the Branch, which will not only Discourage those left Behind, but also terrify the Lower Inhabitants, and occasion all of them to abandon their Plantations.
I do hereby Strictly Order and Require of you, to Halt at Joseph Edwards’s on Cacapehon, until further Orders; unless you should be drove from thence by Superior Force. You will be quickly joined there by Numbers sufficient to prevent those insolent Invaders from committing such inhuman Outrages; and I hope to Retaliate their Crimes.
It would be right to acquaint the Inhabitants, as I doubt not but you may see many of them Retreating, how necessary, and how much it is their Duty and Interest, to Lodge their Families in some safe place, and join our Party in Dislodging the Enemy from their Lurking places. They will be under no disagreeable Command, nor will they be confined an hour longer than this particular Service Requires; should that be only one week—This you may acquaint them with from me. I am &c.

G:W.
Winchester: October 10, 1755.


Title: Press Warrant, 10 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Hazel, Powell

[Winchester, 10 October 1755]

Press Warrant. viz.
By Virtue of the Power and authority to me given, as Commander in Chief of all the Forces now Raised &c.
I do hereby Impower you, Powell Hazel, to impress any Horse or Horses, for His Majesty’s Service, for the better transporting yourself to and from the Fort, wherein William Vance and Company are Given under my hand, this 10th of October, 1755.

G:W.

A Copy of this was given James Sands, for going to the Fort, wherein Hill and Vanmerten were.


Title: Orders, 10 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

Orders for the Recruits of the two Companies of Rangers.
Winchester: October 10th 1755.

One Corporal and Seven men to Mount a Guard, which is to be Relieved at Sun-set to-morrow.
A Centry is to be placed over the Magazine and Gun powder.
Lieutenants Limon and Rutherford, are to take it by turns, to examine the State of the Recruits, and see that they commit no Irregularities. An Orderly man is to attend Colonel Washington to-morrow; and while he stays, is to be Relieved every two hours, regularly.
As the Sheriff can not attend to-morrow, the Orderly Officer is to look after  or any other Waggons which shall come to Town; and is to Report them immediately to Colonel Washington.

Lieutenant Limon for the Day.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Bryan Martin, 10 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Martin, Thomas Bryan

Copy of a Letter to Colonel Martin.Dear Sir,
Winchester October 10th 1755.

Captain Harden arrived in about half an hour after you went away, and informs me, he has about Seventeen Men coming to Town.
This I thought proper to acquaint you of, that you may advise with his Lordship, whether with these Rangers in Town, the Twenty odd you spoke off, and those Captain Smith thinks he is sure of getting, it would not be necessary to attempt Something—I have sent off these two Men you saw for Intelligence, but have little hope of any Satisfactory account from one of them, who seems much addicted to Drinking. Pray make my Compliments to His Lordship, and believe me to be, Yours &c.

G:W.

If you think these men and Officers may be depended upon; I do not know but it would be advisable, to send them up: it will at least be a Strong Reconnoitering Party.


Title: George Mercer to Thomas Waggener, 10 October 1755
From: Mercer, George
To: Waggener, Thomas

To Captain Thomas Waggoner.
Winchester: October 10th 1755.

It is Colonel Washingtons Orders, that you, with the Detachment under your Command, make all possible Dispatch to Winchester: The Times are such as require your presence with your command, very much.
He makes no doubt, but you have complied with his Orders, as to the Arms and Ammunition; as well as in every other Respect, So orders me to conclude, Recommending Dispatch to you. I am, &c.

G: Mercer, Aid de Camp


Title: George Mercer to John Carlyle, 10 October 1755
From: Mercer, George
To: Carlyle, John

To Major John Carlyle, at Alexandria.
[Winchester, 10 October 1755]

It is Colonel Washingtons Orders, that all the Soldiers Clothing be sent up immediately, as there are very few here, and Recruits expected up every moment, who will, he expects, be almost naked, and unfit for Service until they are Clothed. He desires you will make up the Quantity of Powder: Captain Waggener brings four hundred pounds, and Lead Ball or mould-shot proportionably.
There is no ammunition in this Town, Horses are to be Hired or Pressed for this Occasion—If you have not ammunition, and can not get it in time, Colonel Washington desires you will apply to Mr Mason for it.
He begs you will send up these things with all possible Dispatch, as Affairs here will admit of no Delay. Yours &c.

G. Mercer, Aid de Camp
Winchester: October 10th 1755.


Title: From George Washington to John Jones, 10 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Jones, John

[Winchester, 10 October 1755]

Instructions to Mr Commissary Jones.
You are to proceed to Conogogee immediately; where I expect you will meet with the Waggons you yesterday engaged, by the Return of Mr Defever, Conductor of the Train.
There should be at Conogogee Thirty Boxes of Musket Ball; these you are to bring with you. If there is any Powder in Store, you are also to bring it, and a Cask of Flints. You are to Load the Remainder of the Waggons which you have, or may engage on your way thither, with Flour; which is to be brought to this place, for the use of the Troops which Rendezvous here.
I must particularly, on this occasion, recommend Diligence and Dispatch to you. Given under my hand, at Winchester: October 10th 1755.

G:W.


Title: Orders, 10 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[10 October 1755]

To the Officer appointed to Receive the Recruits at Alexandria.
As the situation of our affairs here may detain me longer than I expected, which will prevent me from coming through Alexandria, in my way to Williamsburgh.
You are hereby strictly ordered to send (in case I am not at your Rendezvous by the first of November, at night,) an Express to Fredericksburgh, informing me what Officers there are in town, what number of Recruits, what Parties you have sent off, and when—together with a particular account of every occurrence that has happened since your appointment there. You are not to fail in sending off parties of twenty or twenty five men as fast as they are formed, under the care of a Subaltern or trusty Sergeant. I am &c.

G:W.

N:B. Twenty or twenty-five men are rather too many for a Sergeants Command; therefore it would be better to appoint an Officer to that Command, who is to get Arms at Alexandria, if any arrive there from Williamsburgh; but if this should not be the case, I shall endeavour to Lodge arms at Winchester for them.


Title: From George Washington to John Hardin and Thomas Lemen, 11 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Hardin, John,Lemen, Thomas

[11 October 1755]

Orders Given to Captain Harden, commanding the Militia; and Lieutenant Lemon, commanding the Rangers, at Winchester, October 11th 1755.
As I have been informed that there are Indians lurking about the Plantation of Stephen Julian, it is my Orders, that you, with the men under your command, proceed there very ealy to-morrow

morning, and Scour all the woods and suspicious places thereabouts, before you proceed to meet Captain Smith, and make a Report to me of what you shall observe. Given under my hand, October 11, 1755.

G:W.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Dinwiddie, 11–14 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Dinwiddie, Robert

Honble Sir
Winchester Saturday Octr the 11th 1755

As I think it my indispensible duty to inform you particularly of my proceedings, and to give the most plain and authentic acct from time to time of our situation, I must acquaint your Honour that immediately after giving the necessary Orders at Fredericksburg and dispatching expresses to hurry the Recruits from Alexandria, I rid post to this place passing by Lord Fairfax’s who was not at home, but here; where I arrivd Yesterday abt Noon, and found every thing in the greatest hurry and confusion by the back Inhabitants flocking in, and those of the Town removing out, which I have prevented as far as it was in my power.
I was desirous of proceeding immediatelly at the head of some Militia to put a stop to the Ravages of the Enemy believing their Numbers to be few, but was told by Colo. Martin who had attempted to raise the Militia for the same purpose that it was impossible to get above 20 or 25 Men, they having absolutely refus’d to stir, choosing as they say to die with their Wives and Family’s—Finding this expedient was likely to prove abortive, I sent of expresses to hurry on the Recruits from below, and the Militia from Fairfax, Prince William, &ca which Lord Fairfax had ordered—and also hired Spies to go out and see to discover the Numbers of the Enemy, and to encourage the Rangers who we were told, are blocked up by the Indians in small Fortresses—but if I may offer my opinion—I believe they are more encompassd by fear than by the Enemy: I have also Impressd

Waggons and sent them to Conogogee for Flour, Musket Shott, and Flints; Powder, and a trifling quantity of Paper bought at extravagent prices for Cartridges, I expect from below. Six or eight Smiths are now at Work repairing the few Arms that are here, which is all that we have to depend upon[.] A man was hired the 24th of last Month to do the whole but neglected, and was just moving off in Wagn⟨s⟩ to Pennsylvania; I pressd his Waggon’s, and compelld him by Force to assist in this Work.
In all things I meet with the greatest opposition no orders are obey’d but what a Party of Soldier’s or my own drawn Sword Enforces; without this a single horse for the most urgent occasion cannot be had, to such a pitch has the insolence of these People arrivd by having every point hitherto sumbitted to them; however, I have given up none where his Majestys Service requires the Contrary, and where my proceedings are justified by my Instruction’s, nor will I, unless they execute what they threaten i, e, “to blow out my brains.”
I have invited the poor distressed People (who were drove from there Habitation’s) to Lodge their Familys in some place of security, and to join our Partys in Scouring the Woods where the Enemy lie; and beleive some will chearfully assist. I also have, & shall continue to take every previous Step to forward the March of the Recruits &ca so soon as they arrive here, and your Honour may depend that nothing that is in my power to do, shall be wanting for the good of the Service.
I would again hint the necessity of putting the Militia under better Regulation had I not mention’d it twice before, and a third time may seem Impertinent. but I must once more beg leave to declare, (for here I am more immediately concern’d), that unless the Assembly will Enact a Law, to enforce the Military Law in all its Parts, that I must with great regret decline the Honour that has been so generously intended me. and for this only reason I do it—The foreknowledge I have of failing in every point that might justly be expected from a person invested with full power to exert his Authority. I see the growing Insolence of the Soldiers, the Indolence, and Inactivity of the Officers, who are all sensible how confin’d their punishments are, in regard to what they ought to be. In fine, I can plainly see that under our present Establishment we shall become a Nusance;

an insupportable charge to our Country, and never answer any one expectation of the Assembly: And here, I must assume the Freedom to express some surprise, that we alone shou’d be so tenacious of Liberty as not to invest a power, where Interest, and Politicks so unanswerably demand it; and from whence so much good must consequently ensue: do we not see that every Nation under the Sun find their accd therein; and without it no Order, no regularity can be observ’d Why then shoud it be expected from us (who are all young and unexperienced) to govern, and keep up a proper spirit of Discipline witht Laws, when the best, and most experienc’d can scarcely do it with—then if we consult our Interest—I am sure it is loudly calld for, For I can confidantly assert that the money expended in Recruiting, Cloathing, Arming, Maintaining, and Subsisting Soldiers who have deserted, has cost the Country an immense Sum, which might have been prevented were we under Restraints, that woud terrifie the Soldrs from such practices: One thing more on this head I will recommend, and then quit the subject, and that is, to have the Inhabitants liable to certain heavy Fines, or Corporal Punishments for Entertaining of Deserters; and a Reward for takg them up; if this was done, it woud be next to an impossibility for a Soldier to Escape—but on the contrary as things now stand, they are not only seduc’d to run away, but are also harbour’d and assisted with every necessary means to make their escape.
Sunday Noon
Last night at 8 o’clock, arrivd an express just spent with fatigue and fear, reporting that a Party of Indians were seen at the Plantation of one Isaac Julian’s abt 12 Miles off, and that the Inhabitants were flying in the most promiscuous manner from their dwellings—I immediately order’d the Town Guards to be strengthned, Perkins’s Lieut. to be in readiness with his Company, some Recruits (who had only arrivd abt half an hour before) to be Arm’d, and sent two men will acquainted with the woods to go up that road and lay wait, to see if they coud discover the Numbers & Motion of the Indian’s, that we might have timely notice of their approach. This Morning before we coud parade the Men to March upon the last Alarm, arriv’d a Second Express ten times more terrified than the former; with information that the Indians had got within four Miles of the

Town and were killing and destroying all before them. for that he—himself—had heard constant Firing, and the Shrieks of the unhappy Murder’d—upon this I immediately collected what Force I cou’d, which consisted only of 22 Men recruited for the Ranger’s, and 19 of the Militia and Marchd therewith directly to the place where these horrid Murders were said to be committed—when we got there, who shoud we find occasioning all this disturbance, but 3 drunken Soldiers of the Light Horse carousing, firing their Pistols, and uttering the most unheard off Imprecation’s, these we took and marchd Prisoner’s to Town where we met the Men I sent out last Night, and learnt that the Party of Indian’s discovered by Isaac Julian, provd to be a Mulatto and Negro seen hunting of Cattle by his Son, who alarmd the Father, and the Father the neighbourhd[.] These Circumstances are related only to shew, what a panick prevails among the People, how much they are alarmd at the most usual, and customary Cry’s—and yet how impossible it is to get them to act in any respect for their common safety’s; an Instance of this then appeard—Colo. Fairfax who arrivd in Town while we were upon the Scout, immediately sent to a Noble Captain (not far off) to repair with his Company forthwith to Winchester: with coolness and moderation, this great Captn answerd, that his Wife, Family, and Corn was at stake, so were those of his Soldrs therefore it was not possible for him to come, such is the Example of the Officer’s! Such the behaviour of the Men! And such the unhappy Circumstances on which our Country depends!
Monday Morning
The Men I hired to bring Intelligence from the Branch, return’d last Night with Letter’s from Captn Ashby and the other Partys up there, by which we learn that the Indians are gone off. Scouts having been dispersd upon those Water’s for several days witht discovering tracts, or other Signs of the Enemy. I am also inform’d that it ⟨is⟩ believ’d their numbers amounted to 150—that 70 or near it of our People are killd, and missing, and that several houses and Plantations are destroy’d, but not so great havock made as was at first represented—The Ranger’s, and a small party of Militia ordered up there by Lord Fairfax I am given to understand intend to March down on Wednesday next, who will be immediately followd by all the Inhabitants of

those parts that had gather’d under their protection: I have therefore sent Preemptory Order’s to the Contrary, but what obedience will be paid to it—a little time will reveal. I have order’d those Men who were recruited for the Ranger’s to join their Respective Company’s, and th⟨ere⟩ is also a party of 20 Militia marchd with them, under the Command of Captn Hardin.
Captn Waggener is this Instant arrivd with 30 Rec[rui]ts which he marched from Alexandria in less than three day⟨s⟩ a great march indeed! Majr Lewis and his Rects from Fredericksburg is expected in Tomorrow, when with these, and 22 Men of Captn Bells now here I shall proceed by quick Marches to Fort Cumberland in order to strengthen the Garrison there. Besides these, I think it absolutely necessary that there should be two or 3 Companys exclusive of Ranger’s to Guard the Potomack Water’s, till such times as our Regiment is compleated; and indeed the Ranger’s and volunteer Companys in Augusta, with some of their Militia shoud be properly disposd of on those Frontier’s for fear of an Attack upon that Quarter: This thô is submitted to your honour’s Judgement, & waits your Order’s for execution if it shoud be thought expedient. Captn Waggener inform’d me, that it was with difficulty he passd the Ridge for the Crowds of People who were flying, as if every moment was death. he endeavourd, but in Vain to stop them, they firmly believg that Winchester was taken, and in Flames—I have sent expresses down the several Roads in hopes of bringing back the Inhabitants who are really frighted out of their Senses.
I dispatchd an express immediately upon my arrival to this place with a Copy of the Inclosd to Andw Montour, who I heard was at a place calld long Island [Great Island] with 300 Indians, to see if I coud engage him and them to join us[.] The Letter favours a little of flattery & &ca but this I hope is justifiable on such occasion’s—I also wrote to Gist acquaintg him of the favour your Honour intended him, and desir’d he woud repair home in order to raise his Company of Scouts.
I shall defer writing to the Speaker and Committee upon any other head than that of Commissary, still hoping to be down by the time I mention’d in my last (provided no new disturbances happens) having some points to settle that I am uneasy and urgent abt—I have been oblig’d to do dutys quite foreign from

my own, but that I shall never hesitate abt when other’s do; and the good of the Service requires the Contrary—In a journey from Fort Cumberld to Fort Dinwiddie, which I made purposely to see the Situation of our Frontier’s, how the Rangers were Posted, and how Troops might be disposd off for the defence of the Country, I purchased 650 fine Beeves to be deliverd at Fort Cumberland by the First day of Novr next, at 10/ pr hundd except a few that I was obligd to give Eleven Shilgs for, and have my own Bonds now out for performance of Covenants—this being the Commissarys business, who I am sorry to say has hitherto been of no use, but disservice to me, in neglecting my Orders, and leaving this place witht Flour, and Fredericksburg witht any Provision’s for the Rects tho their was timely notice given: I must beg that if Mr Dick will not act, that some Person may be appointed that will, for if things remain in this uncertain Situation, the Season will pass witht havg any Provision made for the Winters or Summer’s Campaign: whoever acts as Comy shoud be sent up immediately abt Salting the Provision’s &ca, it will be difficult I believe to provide a quantity of Pork—I enquir’d as I rode thrô Hampshire, Augusta, &ca and cou’d not hear of much for Sale.
Most of the new appointed Officer’s have been extreamly difficient in their Duty’s by not repairing to their Rendezvouses according to appointment: Captn McKenzie, Lieutt King & Ensigns Milner and Dean, who were orderd to send their Recruits to Alexandria by the first of Octr were not arriv⟨ed⟩ when Captn Waggener left that place: nor have we heard any thing of Captn Harrison whose Recruits shoud have been at Fredericksburg by the same time; and Captn Bell only sent his here on Saturday last—If these Practices are allowd off, we may as well quit altogether for no duty can ever be carried on, if there is not the great⟨est⟩ punctuality observ’d, one thing always depending so immediately upon Another.
I have appointed Captn George Mercer (whose seniority intitled him to it) my Aid de Camp, and Mr Kirkpatrick of Alexandria my Secretary, a young Man bred to business, of good character, well recommended, and a person whose Abilitys coud not be doubted—I hope your Honour will be kind enough to dispatch Colo. Stephen, with order’s to repair here immediately, and excuse the Prolixity of this; I was willing to give a

circumstantial acct of our Situation &ca that you may be the Better enabled to judge what Orders are necessary to give. I am Honble Sir Yr most Obt Servt

Go. Washington

Winchester Octr 14th 1755
Majr Lewis is just arriv’d, and on Thursday I shall begin my March to Fort Cumberland allowg the Rects 1 day to Refresh themselves.


Title: Memorandum, 12 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

Winchester October 12th 1755.

The Orders given Captain Harden and Lieutenant Lemon yesterday, are countermanded, and they are now to wait until further Orders.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Lemen, 13 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Lemen, Thomas

Winchester: October 13th 1755.

The Recruits belonging to the Companies of Rangers, are to march immediately; and make the best of their way to the South-Branch; where they are to join their respective Companies. Given under my Hand, October 13th 1755.

G:W.


Title: Memorandum, 13 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 13 October 1755]

The Recruits which come under the command of Lieutenant Campbell, are to have arms immediately delivered them—A Corporal and seven men of the said Recruits, for Guard.


Title: To George Washington from Peter Hog, 13 October 1755
From: Hog, Peter
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fort Dinwiddie 13th Octobr 1755

I am Oblidged to send this wt. the Weekly Return under Cover with other Letters to Colo. Stevens the Barracks are finished. But not a Tree cut down further than we Used, for want of Iron to make Axes, all being Employed in getting timber for the Cooper who began Yesterday. Majr Lewis has not yet Sent up the Salt Iron &c. nor doe I hear that he spoke to any person on this side the Ridge to fetch them; it is now Winter here and the food destroyed by the Severe frosts we have had, the Magazine is not finished for Want of Nails, nor can the Cattle be killed till the Salt Comes up. I have been Oblidged to pay Seven days hire for a horse to fetch a Load of Salt from the Courtho. for present Use & pay 8/ ⅌ busl there, pray order up the things wanted as fast as possible, I am under a Necessity to send Scattering parties all abroad to quite the distant Ihabitants, who will not remain on their farms while their husbands are gone over the Ridge. The Louisa Company under Capt. Fox marched out from Dickisons fort abt 10 agoe with 4 of the Inhabitants of Green Briar and the first Night after they got there one of the Country Men was killed & Scalped ⟨illegible⟩ by the Indians[.] They continued 2 or 3 days there & returned complaining of Hunger & Hardships after Devouring 2 beeffs & a sufficient quantity of potatoes[.] This is all the good they have done and the only Expedition they have Undertook notwithstanding they were fired with military Courage & greatly desireous of doing something Glorious for their King & Country when Mr John Todd preached to them a Military Sermon Mentd in the Gazette 19th Septr[.] These Volunteers have not been of half the Use to the Inhabitants of Green Briar as a

Serjts Command placed there in a fort would have been, and Unless a Command can be Sent up there in 3 Weeks all the Crops will fall a prey to the Indians as well as the Stock of Cattle not yet got up, I am with respect Sir Your Very hume Servt

Petr Hog


Title: From George Washington to John Ashby, 14 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Ashby, John

[Winchester, 14 October 1755]

Orders for Captain John Ashby, of a Company of Rangers.
It is my express Orders, that you do not presume to March your Company down on any pretence whatsoever, unless compelled by the Enemy. Clothes will be sent up immediately to you, which you may distribute to the most needy of your Company;

and money I shall bring up to pay them off, if wanted. Given under my hand, at Winchester, October 14th 1755.

G:W.


Title: Orders, 14 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

Winchester: October 14th 1755.

Lieutenant Williams for the Day. Parole Abington.
A Return to be given in immediately of the Smiths belonging to Captain Waggeners Command; who are to assist in cleaning the Publick Arms here in Store; the Officer of the Day is to visit the Smiths at work on the arms, and to see that they do not neglect their Business—He is also to visit the Guard and Recruits, and see that no irregularities are committed by them, and to see the Guard properly relieved. A Return to be made every morning at 8 O’Clock, of the number of men here; and a regular Report of the Guard to be brought in by the Officer of the Day—Lieutenant Campbell for the Day, to-morrow, who is to observe these Orders. One Sergeant, one Corporal and Sixteen private men—The Guard to-day, to be composed of Captain Waggeners and Lieutenant Campbells, Commands: An orderly Sergeant to attend Colonel Washington at his Quarters: All Reports of the Guard &c. to be made to the Aid de camp—A Court Martial to sit immediately for the trial of a prisoner in the Guard.
After Orders
Captain Waggener for the Day, to-morrow. One Subaltern, one Sergeant, one Corporal, one Drummer, and twenty-five private men, for the Guard to-morrow. The Tour of Duty to begin with the eldest Lieutenant. The Paper which came up with Major Lewis’s Command to be made up into Cartridges; in the doing of which, the Officer of the Guard is to see that no waste is made, either of the paper or ammunition.
The officer of the Day to see that no irregularities be committed; and is to overlook the Smiths and see they are diligent. A Return to be given in very early to-morrow to the Aid de

camp, of the Smiths who came up with Major Lewis’s Command; the Officer of the Guard to see that no Guns are fired in Town, without leave from the Commander in Chief—The Officer of the Day to Report the Occurrences which may happen, during his Tour of duty, to the Commander in Chief, at ten O’Clock. The Officer of the Guard to make his Report to the Aid de camp, when he is relieved, which is to be at ten of the clock.


Title: To George Washington from William Prentis and William Withers, 14 October 1755
From: Prentis, William,Withers, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
Wmsburgh [14] Octor 1755

Inclosed is an Invoice of Sundrys shipped on board the Nancy consigned Mr Chas Dick of Fredericksburgh; which were purchased by us by Order of the Governor for the Use of the Virginia Regiment. We are Sir Your most Hble Servts

Prentis & Withers


Title: Orders, 15 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

Winchester: October 15th 1755

Captain Woodward for the Day—Parole Bedford.
Tomorrow one Subaltern, one Sergeant, one Corporal, one Drummer, and twenty five private men, for the Guard—The Recruits to be completely armed, as far as they will go—The orders given at Fredericksburgh, to have the Rolls called three times a day, are always to be observed; and the Officers are, at calling the Rolls in the Evening, to see that the men have their arms in good Order and Repair. The Officers of each Company, are to see that the men distinguish their arms by some particular mark, which the Subalterns are to enter in a Book, they are to keep for that purpose. Lieutenant Campbells Recruits are to be joined with those under the Command of Captain Waggener, until further Orders. The Commanding Officers of the Recruits are to give in a Return of the arms they have received, and what kinds they want to complete them—If any of the men want Haversacks their Officers are to apply for Orders for Linen for that purpose, and see it immediately made up; Blankets are to be delivered by the Commissary to those of Lieutenant Campbells Recruits, who have not received Rugs, for which he is to pass his Receipt to the Commissary.


Title: From George Washington to John Hall and John King, 16 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Hall, John,King, John

[Winchester, 16 October 1755]
To Lieutenants Hall and King.

I received yours, and am as much surprized at your delay in repairing to your Rendezvous, as being at a loss for Orders after you did arrive there.
I Order, that upon the receipt of this, you march the Recruits immediately to this place, where Clothes and Ammunition will be provided: for your provision is sent to meet you on Martin Hardens’ Road, by which you are ordered to march.
If Captain Harrison is at Fredericksburgh, he is to take Command of the Recruits, and march them up here; if not, do not wait for him; march them up without, and wait there for Orders. You are to provide Linen at Mr Dicks for Haversacks for the men, and bring it up with you, if you can, conveniently.

G:W.
Winchester October 16th 1755.


Title: From George Washington to William Peachey, 16 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Peachey, William

[Winchester, 16 October 1755]
To Captain William Peachy, at Alexandria.

You are hereby ordered, to send off all the Recruits which are now under your Command at Alexandria, immediately to Winchester; if there is a Captains Command, you are to order the next eldest Captain to march them up; if not, they are to be marched up by Lieutenant Bullet. The Order of the eleventh instant, about sending a Return to Fredericksburgh, by no means to be neglected—All the Officers who were appointed to Rendezvous at Alexandria the 20th, are allowed a further time, until the 15th of November; when it is Ordered, that they appear there without delay, with what Recruits they may raise. You are to clothe all the men before you send them off, and must give the Officer who comes with the Recruits, a strict charge of the remainder—Orders will be left for him with Commissary Jones.

G:W.
Winchester: October 16, 1755.


Title: From George Washington to John Carlyle, 16 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Carlyle, John

To Major John Carlyle.
[Winchester, 16 October 1755]

If the Clothes &c. which were mentioned in the last to you, are not sent up, I desire you will provide Waggons to send them up with the men which are to come up, immediately. Inclosed, you have a list of Tools which we want very much, as the Boots on the Road all want Repairs; therefore desire you will get them or what you can of them, and send them up immediately. Yours &c.

G:W.
Winchester, October 16, 1755.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Dinwiddie, 17 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Dinwiddie, Robert

Honble Sir
Winchester Octr 17th 1755

Last night by return of the express who went to Captn Montour I receivd the Inclosd from Mr Harris at Susquehanna—I think no means shd be neglected to preserve what few Indians still remain in our Interest, for wch Reason I shall send Mr Gist so soon as he arrives (which I expect will be today) to Harris’s Ferry in hopes of engageing, and bringing with him the Belt of Wampum, and other Indians that are at that place; and I shall further desire him to send an Indian Express to Andw Montour to try if he can be brought along with them.
In however trifling light, the French attempting to alienate the affection’s of our Southern Indian’s may at first appear, I must look upon it as a thing of the utmost consequence, that requires our greatest and most immediate attention—I have often wonderd at not hearing that this was attempted before, and had it noted among other Memdms to acquaint your honour off when I shoud come down. The French policy in treating with Indians is so prevalent, that I shoud not be in the least surprisd, were they to engage the Cherokees, Cuttaba’s &ca, unless timely and vigorous measure’s is taken to prevent it—A Pusilanimous behaviour now woud ill suit the times, and trusting to Traders & Common Interpreter’s (who will sell their Integrity to the highest bidder) may prove the destruction of these Affairs: I therefore think that if a Person of distinction, acquainted with their language is to be found, his Price shd be come to at any rate; if no such can be had, a Man of Sense and Character to conduct the Indians to any Council that may be held, or to Superintend any other matter’s, will be found extreamely necessary—It is impertinent I own in me to offer my opinion in these matter’s, when better Judges may direct, but my steady, and hearty Zeal to the cause, and the great imposition’s I have known practis’d by the Traders &ca upon these occasion’s wd not suffer me to be quite Silent: I have heard from undoubteded Authority that some of the Cherokee’s that have been Introduced to us as Sachim’s and Princes by the Interpreters (Who share their presents and profits) have been no other than common hunter’s, and blood thirsty Villain’s—We have no

accts yet of the Militia from Fairfax &ca. This day I march with abt 100 Men to Fort Cumberland, Yesterday by an express I was informd of the arrival of 80 odd Recruits to Fredg whh I have order’d to proceed to this place, but for want of that regularity being observ’d by wch I shd know where every Officer &ca ought to be—my order’s are only conditl & always confusd. Whatever necessarys your honour gets below, I shd be glad to have them sent to Alexandria, from where they come much more handy than from Fredg—besides, as Provisions are lodgd there and none at the other place it will be best for the Men to be all sent there that is any ways convt for we have met with insuperable difficulty’s at Fredg & in our March from thence by the Neglect of the Com[missar]y who is at this time greatly wanted here therefore I hope yr honr will order him up immey if not things will suffer very much. I am Honble Sir Yr most Obt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: Orders, 17 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

Dartmouth.
Winchester: October 17th 1755.

Captain Waggener the Day to-morrow. One Subaltern, one Sergeant, one Corporal, one Drummer and twenty-five private men, the Guard, to-morrow. The march of the Troops is postponed until to-morrow. The Officers to examine into the state of their Companies, and see if they want any necessaries; and if properly provided for a march, the Commissary to see the Waggons loaded as soon as they arrive, according to Yesterdays Orders. If he wants any men to assist him, he must apply to Major Lewis, who will order him what he thinks necessary. The Guard for the Cattle is also postponed, it is to march early tomorrow and observe yesterdays’ orders.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Gage, 17 October 1755 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Gage, Thomas

Letter not found: to Thomas Gage, 17 Oct. 1755. On 23 Nov. 1755 Gage wrote to GW: “Your obliging Letter of the 17th Octr was forwarded from Philadelphia . . . & came to my Hands yesterday.”


Title: To George Washington from John Carlyle, 17 October 1755
From: Carlyle, John
To: Washington, George

Dr Sir
At Wm Wests Fryday 17th Octr 1755

This Will be deliver’d you by Capt. Elzey & our Draft from the Militia of Fairfax. We hope that they will be Approved of as they Are All Young healthy fellows tolerable well mounted & Accouterr’d.
A Waggon woud Sett of this day from Alexandria with the Powder & Lead you desired Also the Cloaths for the Soldiers & hope they will be Up in time for you, I cou’d Nether gett Carradge horses, nor a Waggon, before this, nor did I think it Safe to Send the powder on horse back the Casks was So bad.
Their is but about Six Recruits In Alexandria, Mr Bullet has Nine In Prince William, he & Mr Dennis McCarty will be able to Gett (they say) Twenty recruits.
Mr Kirkpatrick desired to Acquaint you he Waits Yr Commands

to Wait on You at Winchester or Where you order. I am With Wishes for Yr Health &c. Yr Affectionat H. Sert

John Carlyle


Title: Orders, 18 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

Epsom.
Winchester: October 18th 1755.

The Troops are not to march until to-morrow, there being no waggons to carry the Provisions, &c.
Every Officer to keep an Orderly Book, to enter regularly all orders as they issue, that they may be the better complied with. The Sergeant of the Guard with a file of men, to patrole through the Town, immediately after the Tattoo, and about midnight; and he is hereby expressly ordered, to take up all disorderly or other Soldiers which he may find in the Taverns, or from their own Barracks, and confine them in the Guard. For the future, the Officer of the Guard is to see all orders which may issue during his tour of duty, relating to the guard, entered in a Book to be kept only for that purpose, and is to be left always in the guard-house, and delivered over to the Relieving Officer, to prevent a repetition of Orders. Captain Woodward, the Day to-morrow. One Subaltern, one Sergeant, one Corporal and twenty-five men, the Guard to-morrow.
Major Lewis, the three Captains, and the eldest Lieutenant, are to examine into Mr George West’s claim to a man, said to be his Servant, now in the Guard; which if he makes good, they are to deliver him up, and he to return the Bounty-money, or his Master to make it good—They are also to try all the Prisoners in the Guard. All Orders relating to the Soldiers, are to be read to them every day, by the Sergeants of their Companies; that they may not plead ignorance. The Guard for the Cattle is not to march until to-morrow.


Title: From George Washington to Christopher Gist, 18 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Gist, Christopher

[Winchester, 18 October 1755]
To Captain Christopher Gist

1. You are hereby ordered to Repair to Harris’s Ferry, and other places where the Indians are upon the Susquehanna, and to use your utmost endeavours to engage them to come and lodge their Wives and Families in our Forts, and assist us in fighting their own Battles.
2ly You are, so soon as you arrive at the first of those Towns or Parties, to hire an Indian to go Express to Captain Andrew Montour; to whom you are to write, desiring him to come and assist you, in bringing them to Fort Cumberland.
3ly You may assure the Indians that they shall meet with plenty of Provisions, &c. and that we shall take every opportunity to testify the Love we bear them.
4ly If they should want Horses &c. to assist them along, you are to Hire; this, with all other reasonable charges, will be allowed you.
5ly You may acquaint the Belt of Wampum, and other Chiefs, that I have complied with their Requests, in letting the Governor of Virginia know, that the Shawnees and Delawares have taken the Hatchet against us; and of the French Scheme in setting the Southern Indians against us, which will now be prevented.
6ly You may also promise Captain Montour from me, that if he will get and bring a Company of Indians consisting of Sixty men, (which is the number of our Companies) that he shall have a Captains Commission, and receive ten shillings a day, and be paid once a month regularly; and if he brings more Men, he will meet with further encouragement.
   7ly If you should meet with any likely young Fellows (woodsmen) you are to enlist them for His Majestys’ Service, in your own Company: observing always the Instructions given you for that purpose. Given &c.

G:W.
Winchester: October 18th 1755.


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Bullitt, 18 October 1755
From: Bullitt, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Sir
Alexandria Octobr 18th 1755

Having Recd your Orders Shall Comply with them[.] As to Sending Sub[alter]ns Commands up to you I see no Hopes of doing it for I have not Recd but two Men from any of the Recruiting officers Ordered to Rendevous at Alexandria Since Capt. Wagoners Departure. Mr Triplep has Recruited One man & I am Satisfied has bin at no Small Expence[.] I have about Ten men In Town Seven Whereof I Recruited I have Let my Brother have money to Recruit a Subn Command and shall be Greatly Oblig’d to you to Let me Know by the First Opertunity Whether there is any Hopes of his Giting an Ensigns or Lieuts. Commision, upon his Recruiting the Compliment of men In one Fortnight that is Ordered to be Rais’d by a Subn (or in any short time after he has Got th⟨illegible⟩ so I Expect Mr McCarty & he Will March in about a Fortnight with Thirty men I this Instant Furnish’d them with Money and sent them Rec[ruitin]g As to my Accts with the Country you was so Kind as to promise to Git them Settled with the Committed[.] I shall State them And by the First Opertunity Enclose them to you & Hoping youl Excuse me for giving you the Trouble of Giting them Settled I am with Respect your Most Obedient Humble Servt

Thos Bullitt

P.S. Sir If the Service will admit of My going to Wmburgh Shortly hope youl Give me Leave also to Go One Fortnight Recruiting as I am Satisfyed I Can Get Nigh thirty Men I am Yours &c.


Title: To George Washington from Robert Dinwiddie, 18 October 1755
From: Dinwiddie, Robert
To: Washington, George

Sir
Williamsburg Octr 18th 1755

Yours of the 8th ⅌ Colo. Stephens I recd & am heartily sorry for the Acct he brings, but am in hopes from the Assistance of the Militia, & the Recruits You will be able to drive those Banditti from our Frontiers; I wish You may get a Troop of Horse from Fairfax County, as they will be of great Service in clearing the Woods, & I shall be glad if they can send down a Number of their Scalps.
One hundred Tents are making & shall as soon as finished be sent up to You, I refer You to Messrs Prentis & Withers, who send up many Necessaries by a Sloop. As I was told the Regulars cou’d not be supplied at Philadelphia I thot it needless to send there, but have sent to New York for some Camp Kettles &ca.
There comes by the Sloop all the Small Arms fit for use in the Magazine—ten barrels of Powder & some Lead. I expect by Xmas, 1000 or 1500 Small Arms from London. I hope those now sent, & what You may have at Winchester, & Fort Cumberland, will be sufficient till that Time.
I am very sensible the Militia Law is very deficient, & several other Points proper to be adjusted; I have therefore called the Assembly to meet next Monday Week, when I expect they will pass a proper Law in regard to our Forces, & I hope You will be here by that Time, & I expect to have Your Men under the Military Law.
I have spoke to the Treasurer & I doubt not Colo. Stephens brings You some Money & when You come here that You will have sufficient for a Military Chest to pay for Necessaries as wanted.
I think there are near 500 Beeves from No. Carolina near

Winchester. give Directions about them. I am sorry Your Officers do not punctually obey Your Orders; Capt. Harrison (now here) says he has been laid up with the Fever & Ague for some Time.
I have nothing further to add at present, but that I am with kind Respects Sir Your most hble Servant

Robt Dinwiddie

The following Young Gentn propose joing the Forces as Volunteers. Their Friends desired me to recommend them to You for Your Countenance and Friendship agreeable to their Behaviour Sir Wm Becley Mr Wm Jones Mr Sumner.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Callender, 20 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Callender, Robert

To Mr Robert Calender.
[Winchester, 20 October 1755]

Mr Gist being appointed Captain of a Company of Scouts, and informing me that you had a mind to engage in our Service—I thought it expedient to acquaint you, that if you can assist him in Recruiting some likely young Fellows, acquainted with the woods, that you will meet with proper Encouragement for so doing; either by receiving a post among us, or full Satisfaction for your trouble. I am &c.

G:W.
Winchester: October 20th 1755


Title: Orders, 20 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 20 October 1755]

To the Commanding Officer of the Troops, which shall arrive here from Fredericksburgh and Alexandria.
You are hereby ordered to Halt with the men under your Command, until my Return from Fort Cumberland. You are to make regular Returns, signed by yourself, to the Commissary every day, of the number of men you have under your Command, for which he is to deliver you Provisions.
The Court House and Barracks at Lemons, are allotted for your men. You are to apply to the Commissary for some body to dress provisions for your men, and to provide fire-wood for them.
The Guard left on the magazine is to join the Recruits, and you to mount a fourth part of your men as a Guard, which is to be Relieved every Day. &c.

G:W.
Winchester: October 20th 1755.


Title: From George Washington to Adam Stephen, 20 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Stephen, Adam

[Winchester, 20 October 1755]
   To Lieutenant Colonel Stephen, of the Virginia Regiment.

You are hereby Ordered to remain at this place with the Recruits which may arrive here from Alexandria, &c. until my Return from Fort Cumberland: and you are, so soon as an Officer arrives with his men, to review them, and discharge such as are not answerable to their Recruiting Instructions.
Those that pass, are to receive their Clothing immediately; taking care to have what necessaries they have received from their Officers, deducted out of those allowed them by the Country.
If they should seem uneasy about their Pay, you must get a Pay-Roll made out by their Officers to the 1st of October, and

pay them off. Their Pay to commence from the day of their Attestation.
The Guard left on the Magazine to join the Recruits; and a fourth part of them are to mount Guard every Day &c.

G:W.
Winchester: October 20th 1755.


Title: From George Washington to Charles Dick, 20 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Dick, Charles

To Commissary Dick.
[Winchester, 20 October 1755]

You are hereby Ordered to wait at this place until my return from Fort-Cumberland, that you may be ready to receive the necessary Orders. As the Recruits will march up at my return, which will be the 30th, if you think proper, you may order the Cattle up with that Escort.
There is a man arrived from Governour Dobbs, with one hundred and eighteen Cattle; him I have engaged to wait your arrival, or my Return. &c.

G:W.
Winchester: October 20th 1755.


Title: To George Washington from William Fairfax, 20 October 1755
From: Fairfax, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
Wmsburg 20th Octr 1755

I had the Pleasure to receive your Favor by Colo. Stephen. As the Genl Assembly is Summond to meet the 27th inst. which may hold ten Days and as some Alteration in the Militia Law will be propos’d agreeable to what We talkt of, I hope the Service You went to do has been so successfully effected or the Orders You may leave, in a probable Way as to admit your Coming whilst the Ho. of Burgesses are Sitting.
Mrs Fx went with her Sister Ambler to Hampton after I show’d her yr Letter and We all please our Selves with the Expectation of Seeing You at furthest next Week and perhaps of having your Company on our Return.
In a late Letter our Governor rec’d from Genl Shirley A Proposal is made for our sending Comissioners to Meet others From the neighbouring Colonys at N. York to consider of and agree on a Proportion of Expences for the present Service and what may be thought necessary for the collecting our Forces early in the Spring to begin the Operations. If the Ho. of B. consent, Commissioners will be Soon Sent and I could Wish You one of Them.
For Pticulars I must also Refer to Colo. Stephen. Wishing You an Encrease of Honor in extirpating the bloodthirsty Savages, a safe and quick Return to Us I remain Dear Sir Yr affecte Friend &c.

W. Fairfax

P.S. Since writing the forgoing have been told that You have detected some daring Persons that have drest & painted themselves like Indians and frightned many, the Govr thinks fit to be sent hither to receive due Punishment.


Title: From George Washington to John Ashby, 23 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Ashby, John

[Pearsal’s, 23 October 1755]

Orders to Captain John Ashby, of a Company of Rangers.
You are hereby Ordered, to Repair here to-morrow morning with the Men of your Company, to assist Escorting the Waggon, &c. to Fort Cumberland. The remainder of the men under command of your Lieutenant, are to march to the Plantation of  Cellars and there remain until further Orders. While they remain there, he is to send out frequent Scouting Parties, to see if they can make any discoveries. They will receive Provision at the same time Captain Cocks Company does, from Henry Vanmeeter.


Title: From George Washington to Henry Van Meter, 23 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Van Meter, Henry

[Pearsal’s, 23 October 1755]

Orders to Henry Vanmeeter.
You are to deliver to Captain Cocks and Ashby’s Companies, of the Cattle I contracted with you for, whatever they want; taking their Receipt for the same.

G:W.


Title: Orders, 23 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

Pearsalls—October 23d 1755.

Evening Orders.
The General to beat to-morrow morning at day-break, and the Troops to march an hour after. As soon as the Guard is Relieved,

and the Waggons fitted, the men are to be called to arms, by Beat of Drum, and to be tolled off into Platoons, and Marched off Regularly, with each Officer at the head of his Platoon; from which no Soldier is to stir, without leave from his Officer. The great Complaints made of the Soldiers, all the Roads they have marched, pilaging and plundering of Houses; makes it necessary to give this Public Notice—That, if any such irregularities are committed for the future, the person guilty shall receive five hundred Lashes, without the Benefit of a Court Martial. And it is Colonel Washingtons particular Orders, that every Officer does endeavour to prevent such things for the future. The Captain of the Day is to go the Rounds every night, and visit the Guard and Centries—He is to be received as grand Rounds. The Officer of the Guard, to go the Rounds thrice every night, and see that the Centries are alert. The Cattle for the future to be drove in the Rear of the whole Body.


Title: From George Washington to George William Fairfax, 23 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Fairfax, George William

Pearsalls—October 23d 1755.
To Colonel George William Fairfax.Sir,

We arrived here to-day, where I met Captains Cocks and Ashby, whom I have appointed to remain on Pattersons Creek; the one at Nicholas Reasmers, the other at  Sellars’s, in order to protect the Inhabitants on those Waters, and to Escort any Waggons to and from Fort Cumberland, with necessaries for the Service. It would be also necessary to have a party of the Militia appointed to this place, for the same purpose; the rest should be stationed above the Trough, at such convenient posts or passes as you and Colonel Martin shall think advisable. Captain Cocks applied to me for pay; I have refered him to

you—Have nothing particular to add, but Compliments to Colonel Martin, &c. Yours

G:W.


Title: From George Washington to John Bacon, 26 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Bacon, John

To Lieutenant Bacon of the Maryland Independant Company.
[Fort Cumberland, Md., 26 October 1755]

You are to proceed to George Parkers Plantation, where you will meet with Captain William Cocks and his Company of Rangers, who are ordered to erect a Work of Defence at the said place.
You are to make choice of the most convenient Ground, and direct them in building a Quadrangular Fort of Ninety feet, with Bastions. You will direct them in what part of the Fort to build their Barracks, and the most convenient part for a Magazine. Another Fort of the same dimensions is to be built by Captain Ashby’s Company, at the Plantation of Charles Sellars, or the late McCrackins; whichsoever you shall judge the most convenient Situation. You are to apply to each of these Companies for a Guard to escort you backwards and forwards, as often as you shall have occasion to go &c.
October 26th


Title: From George Washington to Allan McLean, 26 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: McLean, Allan

To Mr Commissary McLean.
[Fort Cumberland, Md., 26 October 1755]

You are to see that the arms here in Store be immediately inspected

by Mr Frasier; and those fit for duty, to be packed in Chests to be sent down to Winchester—the remainder to be repaired by Mr Frasier. You are to see that as many of the Country Waggons as you have Harness and Horses for, be fitted out immediately. You are to engage all the Coopers you can to make and repair Barrels for the Beef, &c. You are to apply to Major Lewis, who will let you have those that came up with his party.
You are to receive and take an exact account, of all the Corn which is brought in here from the neighbouring plantations, which together with the Oats in Store, is to be delivered out only for the publick use, unless by particular Orders from me. You are to send down a Barrel of Flints with the arms, to Winchester, and about two thousand weight of Flour, for the two Companies of Rangers; twelve hundred of which to be delivered Captain Ashby and Company, at the Plantation of Charles Sellars—the rest to Captain Cockes’ Company, at Nicholas Reasmers.

G:W.
October 26th


Title: To George Washington from Robert Dinwiddie, 25 October 1755
From: Dinwiddie, Robert
To: Washington, George

Sir
   Williamsburg Octr 25th 1755

Your Letter of the 17th I recd the Contents duly considered, but I refer answering it till I see You, which I hope will be soon.
Our Assembly sitts To-morrow when I hope they will do some necessary Things for the Service. If you find the Militia are not absolutely wanted and necessary, I hope You will order them back to their Counties, as this will be very expensive.
The Commissaries cannot pass their Accts I therefore think You shou’d appoint one to oversee the Killing & Curing of the Beef &ca—& as, I am inform’d, Mr McClain that’s at the Fort shou’d be engaged in the Service as a very useful Man, You may

settle his Pay & when You come here we will endeavour to get his Arrears due to him for former Services.
The enclos’d to Mr McManus please deliver & give him leave of absence to go to No. Carolina; as they propose raising three Companies, the Command of one of them the Governor proposes that Gentleman.
I am much hurried therefore refer saying any Thing more till Meeting. I am Sir Your humble Servant

Robt Dinwiddie


Title: From George Washington to Andrew Lewis, 27 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Lewis, Andrew

To Major Andrew Lewis—Virginia Regiment.
[27 October 1755]

You are hereby ordered to send out Parties to gather the Corn at the Plantations of those people, who are supposed to be killed or taken prisoners by the Indians, and have it secured for the Publick; taking a particular account of what is gathered from each Plantation. You are also to send out small Parties to protect the Country People, while they gather their Corn that is near the Fort. When the Indians arrive with Captain Montour or Gist, you are to see them properly provided with all necessaries, and use your utmost endeavours to see them duly encouraged; and the Officers are all desired to take notice of them and treat them kindly, as their assistance at this time is absolutely necessary. As there are several people near this place who were killed by the Indians, and have not yet been buried, you are to send out a Party for that purpose. You are to collect all the arms which have been given out to the Country People, and Fusees (intended for the Indians) which were delivered to the Sergeants here, and return them to the Stores. You are to cause the Bottom on the other side of the Creek to be cleared immediately; which the frequent alarms and hard Duty, have hitherto prevented.
You are to see that the Blankets belonging to the Publick, which the Officers made use of on the march, be immediately

restored; and you are to deliver to the most needy of the men of the Virginia Regiment, Shoes and Blankets.
The Officers to take notice what men are Served. You are to see that the Articles of War are frequently read to the men.

G:W.


Title: From George Washington to William Cocks and John Ashby, 27 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Cocks, William,Ashby, John

[27 October 1755]
To Captain William Cocks, of the first Company of Rangers; and Captain John Ashby, of the Second Company.

You are hereby ordered, to remain with your Companies at George Parkers’ Plantation, where you are to erect a Stockade Fort; in building of which, you are to follow Lieutenant Bacons Instructions; he being sent to direct and plan the same. As this is intended for the protection of the Country People, there is no doubt but they will assist all in their power, especially in providing Tools which, without, you may meet with some difficulty. If Lieutenant Bacon should apply for an Escort to conduct him to Captain Ashby’s Company, or to any other place, to which it may be dangerous travelling without—you are to see that he is allowed it: you are to send a trusty Sergeant with proper powers &c. for Recruiting, in order to complete your Company. You are to be very careful to see that no irregularities are committed by your Company, that strict Discipline is observed, and that great pains be taken to inculcate morality and good Harmony, among the Men.
You are to build Barracks therein for your men, and a Magazine for the Reception of the Stores which are to be sent hither: also, to receive necessaries for your own Company.
You are to collect all the Publick Arms and Horses, which you may hear of in the parts adjacent to you, and secure them until

they are called for. You are to transmit me the first day of every month, a particular Return of the State of your Company, relating to the variations that may have happened; as also an exact account of your proceedings since your last Return. Besides these, you are to send me a weekly Return, signed by yourself and Officer, of the State of your Company. You are to provide yourself upon the most reasonable terms, with such Tools as you find absolutely necessary to carry on the work. You are to receive provisions for immediate use, according to my order at Pearsalls; and you will hereafter be supplied from this Fort with what you want. By return of the Waggons which came up with Major Lewis’s party, you will receive about eight hundred weight of Flour; and of that you are to be particular in seeing no waste is committed &c.

G:W.

N:B. Captain Ashby’s Company is stationed at Sellar’s and McCrackins; at the direction of Lieutenant Bacon.


Title: Orders, 28 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

Hampton.
Winchester: October 28th 1755.

The Officers who came down from Fort Cumberland with Colonel Washington, are immediately to go Recruiting; and they are allowed until the 1st of December; at which time if they do not punctually appear at the place of Rendezvous assigned

them, they will be tried by a Court Martial, for disobedience of Orders.
They are to wait upon the Aid de camp at one of the Clock, to receive their Recruiting Instructions—Each Officer present, to give in a Return immediately of the number of men he has enlisted. One Subaltern, one Sergeant, one Corporal, one Drummer, and twenty-five private men, are to mount Guard to-day, and to be relieved to-morrow at ten o’Clock. All Reports and Returns are to be made to the Aid de camp.


Title: From George Washington to William Fleming, 28 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Fleming, William

[Winchester, 28 October 1755]
To Ensign Fleming, of the Virginia Regiment.

You are hereby ordered to repair to Captain Hogg’s Company at Fort Dinwiddie, with eight good men: as that Company is without a Surgeon, if you will do that duty, an allowance will be made you for it. You are to provide medicines, &c. upon the best terms you can. This Order I expect will be immediately complied with; and that no Delays be offered. You are to account with Captain Bell for your recruiting money, before you leave him. If you should arrive at Augusta Court-House before Sergeant Wilper and his Party, you are to halt there until he joins, in order to escort the Ammunition, &c. for the Fort; where you will receive Clothes and Arms for the Men.


Title: From George Washington to John Bacon, 28 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Bacon, John

[Winchester, 28 October 1755]
To Lieutenant Bacon, of the Maryland Independant Company.Sir,

As those Stockades on Pattersons Creek, are only intended by way of cover to the Rangers, and as a Receptacle now and then for Provisions; you are desired not to plan any work, which requires much time to execute—We have neither men nor Tools, to carry on the undertaking with vigour. I am &c.

G:W.


Title: From George Washington to Adam Stephen, 29 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Stephen, Adam

[Winchester, 29 October 1755]
To Lieutenant Colonel Adam Stephen, of the Virginia Regiment.

You are hereby ordered, so soon as the Waggons arrive from Alexandria and Fort Cumberland, with Clothing and Arms, to see the men completely furnished with both; and march them immediately to Fort Cumberland; observing to take up all the Salt which the waggons, provided by the commissary, will carry. There will come down some of the country waggons, which must also be loaded up with Salt.
As there is some Clothing wanting to complete the Companies at Fort Cumberland, you are to take up for that purpose forty Coats, thirty-nine waistcoats, and fifty-six pair of Breeches; thirty-eight Hats and eighty Shirts; which you are to have delivered out to the Companies, according to the Return made me at Fort Cumberland, October 26th—I have sent more Suits than are necessary, in case of getting a Recruit &c. You must do the best you can in Lodging the men, as the Barracks in the Fort are full. As Sergeant Wilper is waiting the return of the waggons from the Fort, for necessaries for Captain Hoggs Company; so soon as they arrive, you are to see that he receives such

things as he has orders for, and dispatch him immediately. If no other Horses, belonging to the Country, can be had here, one of the Country Teams must be stopped, and the horses given to him. You must engage the herdsmen to remain with the Cattle, until they hear from the Commissary or from me. You must engage all the Coopers you can to make Barrels for packing the Beef; and if any of the Soldiers are Coopers, they must be set immediately to work. You are to receive from the Stores here thirty pounds of Goose-shot, which you will deliver to Captain Ashby’s Company as you pass by, directing him to be particularly careful of it. If either of the Captains of the Rangers should apply to you for ammunition, you are to supply him from the Fort. A Drummer, with his Drum, is to be sent from this place with Sergeant Wilper, in the room of Duncan Ferguson, who is to go up to Fort Cumberland. You are to see that the men of the Virginia Regiment are exercised as often every day as the duty will admit; and that they are practised also in shooting at Targets; and if there are any who are remarkably awkward, particular pains must be taken with them. You must observe on your march good order and discipline, and see that no irregularities happen; and that the men are not allowed to pillage the Country, which was very much complained of in the last Detachment. You are to apply to Major Lewis for the Instructions which I left with him, and see that they are observed. Given under my Hand &c.

G:W.
Winchester: October 29th 1755


Title: From George Washington to Charles Dick, 29 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Dick, Charles

To Mr Commissary Dick
[Winchester, 29 October 1755]

You are, so soon as you arrive here, to give such directions as you shall see necessary about driving the Cattle to Fort Cumberland—You are to send up Doctor Walker, or go yourself there, to see them killed and properly salted. Whichever of you remains here, must purchase such a quantity of Pork, as you imagine will be necessary for the Troops, upon the most reasonable terms you can; and oblige them to deliver it at whatever time you shall judge most proper. You are to answer, out of the money in your hands, whatever Draughts Captain Hogg may draw on you for the subsistance of his Company, from time to time. You are to see that Coopers are engaged to make Barrels for the Provisions, and to provide all other necessaries for the Expedition, which you know will be wanted.
As there are several Contracts made by me to have Cattle delivered here &c. by the 1st of next month, I desire that for such as you receive upon that account, if you have money in your hands, you make immediate payment. Given &c.

G:W.
Winchester October 29th 1755


Title: Orders, 29 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

Williamsburgh.
Winchester October 29th 1755.

One Subaltern, one Sergeant, one Corporal, one Drummer and twenty-five private men, the Guard to-day—Captain Peachy is ordered to take upon him the command of the Recruits which arrived here under Lieutenant Hall and Ensign Price; who are also ordered to act under him, until further orders—Ensign Hedgeman, and the Recruits which arrived with him, are ordered to join Lieutenant King, and be under his command until further orders—Lieutenant Eustace, and the eight men with him, are to join (as soon as they arrive at Fort Cumberland) the Company which Captain Waggener commands at present; and the Party left with Sergeant Shaw, is to return to

their respective companies, so soon as they reach the Fort—The Commissary is to see that the Magazine is secured, by fastening up the windows &c. better than they now are.
The Officers are to see that the men are clothed to-morrow, and to be very particular in their Accounts of what they receive. They will also receive Arms so soon as they arrive from Fort Cumberland, to complete their Recruits. They are to see that each man distinguishes his Firelock by some particular mark, which the Subalterns of the Company are to enter in a Book, they are to keep for that purpose. Every Officer is to provide an Orderly Book to enter the orders in as they issue every day regularly, that they may examine them often, and see they are duly complied with. Captain Bronaugh, Lieutenants Stewart, Blegg and Williams, sent Recruiting, and to Rendezvous at Alexandria, the 1st of December.

G:W.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Spotswood, 31 October 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Spotswood, Robert

[31 October 1755]
To Captain Robert Spotswood, of the Virginia Regiment.

You are hereby ordered, as soon as the Clothes and Arms arrive to furnish all the men who now Rendezvous at Fredericksburgh, with both; and march them immediately with the utmost dispatch to Fort Cumberland, to reinforce the Garrison. When you arrive at Winchester, you must provide your men with Cartridges. You are to be very careful and circumspect in your march; and see that your men do not on any account whatsoever, plunder or pillage the Houses which the people have deserted, or any others, or Plantations. Lieutenant Frazier and Ensign Carter, are appointed to this Command. Given &c.

G:W.


Title: To George Washington from Robert Hunter Morris, 31 October–1 November 1755
From: Morris, Robert Hunter
To: Washington, George

Sir
[31 October–1 November, 1755]

Good Intelligences being of the utmost Consequences at this Juncture, and Mr Gist knowing more of Indians and of the Nature of the Country than any man here I have availd myself of his coming and desird him to go by Mr Weisers & consult with him in what manner to obtain true Accots of the Motions of the Enemy & to settle a Correspondance with You at Fort Cumberland. He will not be long detaind in doing this & by him you will receive full and certain Intelligence.
Several of my Letters say that there is a large Body of French & Indians destind Against this Province and Virginia & that they were seen to pass the Alleghany Hills.
The Party intended for Virginia will no doubt begin their Hostilities at or near the Fort. That wch marches this way it is suspected have a Design to seize and fortify Shamokin and to send their Indians especially the Delawares whose Scheme this is said to be as a means to put them again into Possession of their Country to scalp the Inhabitants and hinder them from obstructing this grand Design.
I hope this Scheme is not in the Intention of the Enemy for if it be I know not how it can be prevented without large assistance from the Neighboring Provinces & a Detachment of regular forces.
I have orderd that the earliest Intelligence be sent to you of the Motions & Progress of the Enemy, that in case you can spare any Assistance it may be properly employ’d or want it from our Inhabitants who are all Volunteers & without any compensation or Pay for their Services they may assist you. I am Sir Your most humble Servant

Robt H: Morris

Please to direct your Letters to the Care of Mr Wm Buchanan at Carlisle. I have given him directions to forward them to me.
As there may be more danger in Cumberland County than in York County I desire you will direct your Letters to the care of George Stevenson Esquire at York who has my Directions to forward your Dispatches to me.


Title: George Mercer to John Fenton Mercer, 1 November 1755
From: Mercer, George
To: Mercer, John Fenton

[Fredericksburg, 1 November 1755]
To Captain John Mercer, of the Virginia Regiment.

You are hereby ordered to Rendezvous at Alexandria the first Day of December, with all the men you can raise by that time. Given &c. at Fredericksburg, November 1st 1755.

G:M. aid de camp

N:B. Captain Joshua Lewis is allowed to the 1st of December, to Rendezvous at Alexandria.


Title: To George Washington from Christopher Gist, 1 November 1755
From: Gist, Christopher
To: Washington, George

My Dear Friend
Philadelphia Novr 1st 1755

I have taken all the pains in My Power to find the true Intents of the Indians. Monnacatootha is return’d from the Six Nations, but is not yet come from Shamokin. but I understand he and the Other chiefs will On Sunday or Monday be at John Harrises Ferry where I intend god willing to Meet them. but I am to go to Conrad Wiser and get all he knows; I have the governors Letters to him on that Head. so I Shall be Able to give you All the Intelligence that can possiblly be got. The Governor Morris Last Night Offer’d Me a Capts. Commissn in this province not Knowing I had one under you. I fi⟨nd⟩ By that they Intend to do Somthing in Arnest ⟨mutilated⟩ the Two Lower County’s have Pass’d the Militia Law ⟨mutilated⟩ Offers £2000 the governor has wrote you by Express—I will be with you or Send an Express when I am Rightly Certain of the Indians Intentions pray Excuse hast Sir yr Most Hume Servt

Christr Gist


Title: To George Washington from Peter Hog, 3 November 1755
From: Hog, Peter
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fort Dinwiddie 3d Novemr 1755

Inclosed you have the Return for Last Month I have been Oblidged to Inclose the Weekly Returns to the other field Officers as I am much put to it for papr by my bagage being not yet come up, tho’ it will be a month tomorrow Since Jno. Roe sett out for it. The Salt Lies still at Frederickbg and the Folks now Insist on having their beef Slaughter’d as they fall away greatly, the Severe frost having destroyed the food; the Men begin

to grumble for their pay and I am utterly at a Loss where to Apply for it, or when to promise them, as you have not yet Instructed me how it is to be remitted. The Country people likewise Expect the pay for their beef agt the Court for this County about a fourt night hence; pray Let it Lodged as soon as possible at Mr Dicks to Save the Time & Expence of the Express going to Williamsburg. I should be glad to know whether the Country pays the reward for taking up Deserters, & if not how it shall be Levied on these old ones. I am Sir Your Very hume Servt

Petr Hog


Title: To George Washington from Adam Stephen, 6 November 1755
From: Stephen, Adam
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Winchester 6 9ber [November] 1755

There is nothing that I can inform you of for Certain. There is a very good Spirit, in the back Inhabitants of Pennsylvania,

but a person to direct order and discipline are wanting much. The hurry of the Alarm disappointed us of Waggons; and I was on the point of marching to watkins Ferry to defend the Stores there.
I cannot Learn that any person to be depended on, has Seen this Body of French & Indians—Sure we are that 52 Delawares went last week agt the Frontirs of Pennsylvania. Two of this party was killd by One of their Prisoners McSwine, who brought in both their Scalps to Fort Cumberland last Friday.
Upon Receiving this Intelligence; and learning the Designs of the Enemy, A party of 150 turn’d out Volunteers to Intercept them with their Prisoners, at their place of Rendevous which was appointed about 12 miles above Raes-Town.
This MacSwine had been 11 days prisoner, was taken by a party of Shanoes, and carried over the Allegany mountains but being Met by this party of 52 Delawars going to War The Shanoes made a present of him and a Dutchman, to the Delawares, who brought them in over to Raes town to help to drive Some Cattle and horses to the French fort—They proceeded about twelve miles with the Drove—when McSwine took his Opportunity and Made Pork of them took off the Bells, and turned the horses and Cattle loose in the Woods—This McSwine would Certainly have Obtaind Some knowledge of the matter, or Seen Some Signs, of them had Such a Large Body come on this side the mountains.
The fighting Faction in Pennsyla are ready and threaten to put to Death all the Nonresistants—Dunkers, Moravians, Dutch and Quakers, Seem to think it better to take their chance agt the Common Enemy, than to Stay peacably at home, and meet with Certain Death for their Obstinacy, & Stubborn Absurd principles, but they want to send to Virginia for an Officer to lead them on, and Let them No Something of the Matter.
They blame us much for driving the Indians that way—I am now getting the Waggons loaded and am Sir Your most Huble Sert

Adam Stephen


Title: To George Washington from Adam Stephen, 7 November 1755
From: Stephen, Adam
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Winchester Novr 7th 1755

Last night the Detachmt marchd with only Eight waggons at last; There is no more Salt here, of which I have acquainted Mr Dick, and desir’d him to forward the Quantity necessary, while the weather favourd us So much.
The Cattle from Carolina fall away much, and unless They are Slaughterd soon, they will not be worth while—I have procurd Several Cooper’s Tools here, and mentiond what we want to Mr Dick. I am to told Shepherd herds the Cattle Sent us by Govr Dobb’s at £60 ⅌ month. The Cattle from Augusta are all Save at Fort Cumberland; and as soon as Conveniences for Salting can be made The Rest shall be ordered up—I wait here to See the Detachmt from Frebg which is expected today, and to give Some necessary Orders, when I follow the Convoy which will halt at Edwards this night. I have found it necessary, to prevent the people from Abandoning This Valley on this Side the blue Ridge, to Send a party of men to Henry Enoch’s on Cape Capo—and promise a party to Watkins Ferry to guard the Magazine of provisions there. I hope this will meet with your approbation, when you hear that the Pannic which prevails, is so great as to make them leave their plantation on Opecan.
If a party is not Stationed on Cape Capo, The Enemy may come within four miles of Winchester before they are heard of, and indeed to Secure that Frontier properly Maryland ought to have 100 men at Cressops, 100 at the Conallaways—wt. a party at the Mouth of Little Cape Capo, another at Enoch’s, and another at the Mouth of Back Creek or Watkins Ferry. However, a proper Number at Fort Cumberland; and a Fort with a Garrison of 1000 Men near to Raes Town in pennylvania, would render all this a great deal less necessary.
The Inhabitants of Pennsylvania are more scared than hurt. I

can hear of no person that has seen this large Body of French & Indians—and am of Opinion that the Intelligence is not to be depended on—tho’ by Govr Morris Letter to you it Seems he believes it, But McSwine would certainly have heard Something of the Matter if Such a Number had come on this Side the mountains.
Capt. Woodward is returned with the party from Raes Town; without Seeing the Enemy; They Stayd too short a time; The Indians being disappointed in their Attacks, did not return so soon as they propos’d.
You See by the inclosd from Mr Callender that the French leave no Stone unturnd to secure all the Indians, on Susquenhanna, and their Emmisarrys are, at this instant among the Cherokees—I have reason to believe His Honr the Govnr has been much Abus’d by the five Indians, who pretended all to be of the Cherokees Nation—I have reason to believe that they were straglers[.] There are only two Cherokees—The fellow who pretended to be Chief is a Shanoe, one was an Adopted Catawba, another a Mingo.
While Traders are employd on these important Affairs nothing to our Advantage is to be Expected, and if ever we Secure an Interest among the Savages it will be Accomplishd by men of weight and Integrity—I must own I look upon this to be so important to the Colonies that no Expence, No pains, even by the Persons of greater Abilities is to be thought too much. Paris pretensions to bring in the 200 Cherokees, appears to me by Advice from a Rational person to be only a trick, to procure forgiveness, and recover the Govrs Countenance, after so many charges as had been justly lodged agt him by Mr Gist. By a particular & intimate Acquaintance of Paris’s, it has been acknowledged that he was the principle Cause of our not having the Cherokees Last Spring.
This moment arrived here Capt. Caton from Cannigochigoe, who inform that 150 Marylanders, and 350 Pennsylvanians have marchd towards the head of that Creek, but in the greatest disorder, without Command or knowledge of what they were about. There is not above ten men killd or taken which has occasioned all the Confusion in Pennsylvna—Sweringhame was orderd out last tuesday with 100 Men, to reconnoitre towards Sleepy-Creek, and the Warm Springs; but is not gone

yet[.] He & Caton cannot make up the Nu[mbe]r between them, so many have run off. The Inhabitants are dastardly, and in a proper temper to have any joke impos’d upon them. This argues the necessity of Compleating your Regimt.
Would the three provinces join, we could destroy the Kittanan & Shanse towns this winter—This Vigorous Step would most Effectually Secure our Frontiers. If Paris &c. go agt the Shanose town they will Certainly be beat. I have learned the French have a Fort at that place—I am with Respect Sir, Your

Adam Stephen

Please to Order up a Doctr immediatly.


Title: George Mercer to William Daingerfield and John Dean, 8 November 1755
From: Mercer, George
To: Daingerfield, William,Deane (Dean), John

[Williamsburg, 8 November 1755]
To Ensigns Dangerfield and Dean.

You are hereby Ordered to continue Recruiting until the 20th December next; at which time you are peremptorily ordered to Rendezvous, with what men you have raised, at Alexandria. I am &c.

G:M. Aid de camp
Williamsburg November 8th 1755.


Title: George Mercer to John Savage, 8 November 1755
From: Mercer, George
To: Savage, John

[Williamsburg, 8 November 1755]
To Captain John Savage.

You will receive by Colonel Eyre £45 for Recruiting; and you are allowed a further day, until the 25th of December, for that Service; at which time it is expected you will, without fail, repair to your Rendezvous at Alexandria, with what men you can raise. You may assure all Deserters from the Regiment, that if they will surrender themselves to you, or return immediately to their Duty, they shall be pardoned; if not, they will be taken up and punished as Deserters. I am &c.

G:M. aid de camp.
Williamsburg November 8th 1755


Title: Memorandum from Committee to Supervise Military Expenditures, 8–11 November 1755
From: Committee to Supervise Military Expenditures
To: Washington, George

[Williamsburg, 8–11 November 1755]

At a Committee held pursuant to an Act of Assembly Intituled “An Act, For raising the Sum of Forty Thousand Pounds for the protection of his Majestys Subjects in the Frontiers of this Colony.”
November the 8th & 11th 1755.
Resolved
That the sum of £10,000 be lodged in the hands of Colonel George Washington as a Military Chest, out of which he is to pay the Pay Master, and Commissary; (& to take & settle their accounts) and also to pay all other incident Charges. and to render an account of his Disbursements to the Committee, And he is to be allowed Two per Centum for his trouble on all the public money that shall pass through his Hands.
Resolved
That the Commissary of Stores & Provisions be allowed at the rate of £600. ⅌ annum for his Salary while in the Service, as a full satisfaction for his own Trouble and for paying his Assistants (for whose Conduct he is to be answerable) and for all other Expences incident to his Office.
Resolved
That the pay of the Artificers be the same as that of the other Soldiers & that all the Soldiers be paid for their Labour when actually emploied in any Service not within a Soldiers Duty.
Resolved
That the Commanding Officer may give a Reward at his Discretion to the Takers up of Horses belonging to the Country.
Resolved
That Captain Andrew Montour and the Men that served under him be allowed their pay. and Col. Washington is directed to pay the same.
Resolved

That the Arrears of pay due to the Officers & Soldiers be paid them & Col. Washington is directed to settle & pay the same.
Resolved
That Col. Washington may cause Barracks to be erected for the reception of the Soldiers at such places as he shall judge most convenient.
Resolved
That Doctor Craik be allowed the sum of £50. towards providing a Chest of Medicines & a set of Instruments and that a stoppage of Two pence per Month be made out of every Soldiers pay for the future & paid to him or the Surgeon for the time being to support the same.
A Copy delivered to Col. Washington by Order of the Committee

J. Palmer clk


Title: George Mercer to John Jones, 9 November 1755
From: Mercer, George
To: Jones, John

[Williamsburg, 9 November 1755]
To Mr Commissary Jones, at Winchester.

It is Colonel Washingtons Orders that you, until a Commissary arrives at Winchester, purchase all the Pork you can at the lowest rates, at the market price. If any news should come to Town concerning the Indians and French, or any Expresses from Pennsylvania; you are to hire an Express immediately, and send him down to Alexandria, with orders, that if he does not meet with Colonel Washington there, to proceed to Fredericksburgh, and there wait his arrival.

G:M. aid de camp.
Williamsburg: November 9th 1755


Title: To George Washington from Robert Orme, 10 November 1755
From: Orme, Robert
To: Washington, George

My Dear Friend
   Nantasket Bay [Mass.] Nov. 10th [1755]

Just before I left Boston I received your very friendly and affectionate Letter be assured it met with that Return in my Mind which ever attends the Acknowledgement of a wished for Friendship[.] Your aimable Character made me desirous of your Acquaintance and your Acquaintance confirmed the Regard and Opinion your Character had imprinted in my Mind and be assured my dear George Distance Absence nor change of Circumstances shall ever alter the sincere Friendship and Affection which I have ever had for you. and which I will endeavor to convince you of by doing that Merit to your Disposition Conduct and Gallantry which they deserve and which a Friends Representation shall at least make better known that they may be at present on the other Side of the great Lake.
I am sensible your Integrity and Love of Justice would have led you to the Justification of our dear departed Friends Character but friendship nevertheless gives a warmth in Argument that dispels bad Opinions and confirms good. My whole Time upon this Continent since I saw you has been employed in removing Prejudice confuting Lies and showing the Tenor of the Generals Conduct what it was instead of what was represented I found all along my own Character greatly involved in his, that I was proud, rash inveterate fond of Mischief and Discordance a promoter of high Measures and in short ignorant and every thing else. I have neglected my own Justification to promote that of the Genls and am unconcern⟨ed⟩ at general Opinions whilst I flatter myself my Friends and those whom I esteem think of me otherwise. I was not without an Opinion of myself and of my Situation. I saw myself a Slave, constantly engaged in keeping Peace, ever advising Councils and gentle Measures and not likely nay almost impossible ever to exercise any other Advantage than the serving of my Friends and the Man I loved.

You know best if the World or I judge of my Conduct most unprejudicedly for as you think I deserve, commend me and dispraise me when I deserve.
If you can get confirmed at home I shall think it very lucky you accepted of the Commission if you are not I think Mount Vernon would afford you more Happyness. It is the Weakness and Frailty of Mankind to judge by Success and not by the Pretensions to it. every man is a Politician and has different Plans and Projects one only can be pleased the rest will be dissatisfied and censure. I wish all Promises may be kept to you. That pay ⟨illegible⟩ into Money ⟨illegible⟩ and Provisions may not be wanting to give you Uneasyness. I am confident only of this that your Conduct will be always approved by Men of Sense and Virtue.
If you see Mr Carlisle pray tell him of my Surprise at his not sending the Box of Books and Maps which was left in my Bed Chamber and which he has not sent as it by Accident was left out of the List. I have suffered much by the Want of it. pray let him send it directed to me in Hollis Street near Cavendish Square London. Write to me often and assure me of your Friendship as I have the greatest Pleasure in telling you I am Dr George Yr Affectionate Friend &ca.

Rob. Orme


Title: Memorandum, 11 November 1755
From: Washington, George
To:

[11 November 1755]

Captain Cocke the same Instructions—except being ordered to any place where you have the greatest probability of success; and your Rendezvous to be at Winchester.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Walker, 11 November 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Walker, Thomas

To Mr Commissary Walker.
[Williamsburg, 11 November 1755]

You are hereby ordered to proceed with the utmost dispatch to Winchester, where you will receive the Orders left there by me, which you are, as soon as possible, to execute. The Cattle I shall leave entirely to you; to order up altogether or in small droves, as you shall think proper. You are to set up Advertisements, at all the most public places convenient to the Fort, for the Inhabitants to bring in all the Pork they can spare, and that they will be allowed the market price; and ready money for any

Quantity. You are then to proceed to the Fort, where the Beeves and Hogs are to be killed, with all convenient dispatch; and you are to see that they are well salted and packed up in the Barrels, which you are to have made for that purpose. The Salt is to be forwarded to the Fort with the utmost dispatch from Winchester, or other places where it is lodged. Given &c. at Williamsburg November 11th 1755.


Title: George Mercer to James Craik, 13 November 1755
From: Mercer, George
To: Craik, James

To Doctor James Craik, of the Virginia Regiment.
[Williamsburg, 13 November 1755]

You are to apply to Mr Prentis or Mr Withers, to know what time the Sloop will be ready to take in her lading: and you are to see the arms and ammunition carefully stowed in her, and immediately dispatch her. You are, after the Sloop is ladened and dispatched, to proceed immediately to Alexandria, where you will receive further Orders. Given &c. at Williamsburg 13th November, 1755.

G:M. aid de camp.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Walker, 18 November 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Walker, Thomas

To Mr Commissary Walker.
[Fredericksburg, 18 November 1755]

As Captain Hogg has purchased a sufficient quantity of Beef for his Company at Fort Dinwiddie, you are to send him sixty pounds by the paymaster, or any other safe hand, in order to pay for it. You are to acquaint him, that if that sum is not sufficient, that he is to draw on you for the balance: &c.

Fredericksburg: November 18th 1755.


Title: From George Washington to Adam Stephen, 18 November 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Stephen, Adam

Sir
Fredericksburg Novr 18th 1755.

I came to this place on Sunday last and intended to proceed immediately up, but receiving your’s, and other Letters contradicting the reports lately transmitted, determined me to go to

Alexandria where I shall wait a few days in hopes of receiving the express from General Shirley, who the Govornor sent to for Commission’s for the Field Officer’s.
I beg that you will be particularly careful in seeing that strict Order is observd among our Soldiers, as that is the Life of Military discipline—We now have it in our Power to enforce obedience, and obedience will be expected from us, the Men being subject to death as in the Military Law: The Country have also offer’d a reward to all who will apprehend deserters, and a severe punishment upon those that shall entertain, or suffer them to pass; also upon any constable who refuses to convey them to their Quarter’s, or suffer’s them to Escape after such deserter is committed to their custody: these things, with the Articles of War, and a proper exhortation I would have you immediately read to the Men; and see that it is frequently done hereafter. I must desire that you will use all possible mean’s to facilitate the Salting our Provisions; and to give the Commissary such assistance of Men &ca as he shall reasonably require: The Governor approves of the Committee’s resolve, in not allowing either the Maryland or Carolina Company’s to be supported out of our Provision’s this you are desird to make them acquainted with, and in case either of the Companys should be discharged to use your utmost endeavour’s to enlist so many of their Men as you can. Lieutt McManus has leave to go to carolina if he desires it. The Assembly wou’d make no alteration in the Militia Law, nor woud the Govornor order them to be draughted to compleat our Regiment; so that the slow method of Recruitg is likely to be our only means to raize the Men. I think, coud a brisk Officer and two or three Sergeants be sent among the Militia station’d on the So. Branch, they would have a probable chance of engaging many, as some seemd Inclinable in Winchester to enlist—Doctr Craik is expected round to Alexandria in a Vessel with Medicines, and other Stores for the Regiment; so soon as he arrives I shall take care to dispatch him to you.
The Colos. Bird and Randolph are appointed Commissioners, and will set out very shortly with a present &ca to the Country of the Cherokees in order to engage them to our Interest—We have advices that the King return’d to London from Hanover on the 26th of September, that War was Proclaimed the 29th,

and that we have already taken 5 of their Men of War and 120 Sail of Merchen⟨t⟩ Men—a bold stroke by Jove—a glorious beginning—and I hope presages our future Sucess—The Man of War mention’d in my last is not yet arrivd thô hourly expected; it is said (tho. I can’t believe it the King not being arrivd when this ship left England) that she has Commission’s for us: another Ship of War was said to be dispatch’d to America immediately upon the declaration so that I have Sanguine expectation’s we soon shall receive them if they are not already on their way. I am encouragd to hope this as all the Publick Prints, private Letters, and Gentlemen from England say; that the behaviour of the Virginia Troops is greatly extold, and meets with public praises in all the Coffee Houses in London. Yea they exceed the bound of probability (which I am sorry for) by saying in the London Magazine for August, that 800 Virginians maintaind an unequal fight against 1600 French and Indians for three hour’s after the Regular’s fled. The Generals conduct is much condemn’d and the acct further says—it is not to be wonderd that those Regiments shoud act so scandalously here when their behaviour reflected such dishonour on their Country at the Battle of PrestonPan’s. I am Sir Yr most Hble Servt

Go: Washington

By return of the express that brings this, I desire to have a return of the Troops with any occurrances & the News that may have happend.


Title: From George Washington to George Fraser, 18 November 1755
From: Washington, George
To: Fraser, George

To Lieutenant George Frazier.
[Fredericksburg, 18 November 1755]

You are to see that no more Houses are made use of here, than are absolutely necessary for the Soldiers; and to have a house in which the Sick men are, belonging to Mrs Thornton, cleared, if it can be conveniently done. What absolute necessaries the Soldiers want, you must give an order for, and take a particular account of it, that it may be the easier settled. You are to be careful that no waste is made of the provision, and that no more men are drawn for than there really are. Given &c. at Fredericksburgh: November 18th 1755.


Title: To George Washington from Robert Stewart, 21 November 1755
From: Stewart, Robert
To: Washington, George

Sir
Winchester 21st Novemr 1755

I arriv’d here last night where I found Colo. Stephens, Mr Boyd & Mr Gordon, and as the latter returns immediatly to Fort Cumberland Colo. Stephens thinks it unecessary to send any Express; I by Mr Gordon send for Serjt Hughs and a return of the Troop, which when recd will transmit ⅌ first oppy or by Express if any other Papers should ere then come to hand, there’s no Letters but those herewith sent by Colo. Stephens—I’m informd that there’s no less than six Light Horsemen Deserted & one Dead. The late incursions of the Enemy have struck so great a Panic into the generality of the people in this neighbourghood that I’m afraid it will very arduous, if not impracticable to Recruit here[.] All your orders will be punctually obey’d by him who is With due Respect Sir Your Most Obt hble Servt

Robert Stewart


Title: To George Washington from Adam Stephen, 22 November 1755
From: Stephen, Adam
To: Washington, George

Dr Sir,
Winchester Novr 22d 1755

I had just finish’d my Letter of this date when Capt. Stewart deliver’d me Yours of the 18th Inst.
The Men I am in great hopes will answer Your Expectations They Shoot extreamly well, but are much harass’d at present with the Cattle—I make the Butchers, Cutters, Salters, & Coopers wait on McLean for Orders every morning—and a Return is made to me every night of what work is done.
To keep things alive I hurry’d down to Expedite Salt; want of which, brings us to a Stand. The Drovers threatned to bring us up the Carolina Cattle, which I thought n⟨ecessa⟩ry to prevent, untill I had receiv’d Yr Instruc⟨tions.⟩
Your orders with respect to the Maryland, and Caroli⟨na⟩ Companies, I will take particular Notice of.
As Recruiting is the only method of compleating Our Regimt I should be glad to know your pleasure about Sending out any Officer who has a mind to go, we Can Spare Some.
I will dispatch one up the Branch.
Capt. Waggener desired me to mention his inclination of going to Philadelphia, please to take Notice of it in your next. Be so good as forgive my not Sending A Return ⅌ Bearer, of the pt of the Regiment at fort Cumberland—I had one for that purpose, but in a mistake put it by in my pocket-Book.
I remember there is 330 in the whole fit for duty, of whom Carolina and Maryland furnish about 50 betwixt them.
I have discharged four in Winchester enlisted by different Officers, that never would be fit for the Service.
Two of our Old men, One Shot in the Wrist and therby disabled, named Edrington—One Old Man, worn out & infirm, Beaumont, One of Majr Lewis’s Company. The State of Your Regimt in these parts, is nearly this
At Fort Cumbld Effectives: pt. 280 & 40 Serjeants a great Number of Corps.

                  At Enock’s Mill.
                  pt.
                  17
                  1 Serjt

                  At Watkins Ferry.

                  16
                  1 Serjt

                  At Winchester.

                  30 New Recruits. Please to Consider the necessity of a party at Coxs ⟨illegible⟩ Ferry.

Regular Returns Shall be duly transmitted to You, and we Shall behave as much like Soldiers, as possible. I am hurryg off Some Waggons to Falmuth, and Some to Belhaven as is most Convenient.
I set off now to Watkins-Ferry to View the Stores, and should be glad ⟨to kn⟩ow Something about that Lodged in Maryland side—They will ⟨mutilated⟩ a Right to them, it is like, when provisions are stopt at the Fort.
There are Sixty of their Militia at Cressops, but I believe they will Stay about the same time their Volunteer Company did. We shall wait your instructions about Building with Impatience.
The Accounts of Our Behaviour is much Exaggerated, we must give them Credit—and pay the publick the Balance next Campaign.
Commissions from his Magisty would give us New Spirit, and at any Rate we will Continue to deserve them—I am with Respect, Sir, Your most Obt hube Sert

Adam Stephen