Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Winds, 10 July 1778
From: Winds, William
To: Washington, George

            Dear General
            Head Quarters Elizth Town [N.J.] July 10. 1778

          The Account I had the Honor of Sending you yesterday is Confirmed in Every Material
            Circumstance by the Capt. & Hands onboard the flagg of Truce provision sloop Who
            Came Yesterday from New York with this addition that there was a Meeting of the
            Merchants of New York on  Wednesday last, to Consult on What would be best to be Done on the Evacuation of
            New York, to know how many & who were Desirous of Continuing under the
            protection of the British Arms, (My Informants understood this Meeting to be by
            Direction of Genl Clinton.) the press begun on tuesday Night was Continued on Wednesday
            Night with Great Warmth, a report prevails in New York that a Vessel Just Arrived had
            brought Account that she had Spoke a large & strong french fleet a few Days ago
            off the Capes of Virginia, about 20 leagues from land. In Consequence of Which, all the
            large ships at New York & a Number of frigates are Ordered Imediately to put to
            sea, Admiral Gambier has removed his flagg from the Ardent to a small frigate to remain
            at New York, the press is said to be to Man the large
            Ships, the New York paper of Yesterday (which my Informants have seen) Gives the above
            Account & puff of 1300 seamen from the Transports having
            Entered—Volunteers, on board the large Ships In Order to Give Monsieurs a Drubing. the Scarcity of bread is Confirmed not only by the Hands
            of the flagg sloop, But also by two Deserters Who Made their Escape from Staten Island
            last Night, & say they had Drawn but one lb. of flour for 4 or 5 Days, In Genl
            Skinners Brigade to Which they belonged, they are Men known here, had been Kidnappd
            & forced into their Service. All Accounts Agree that some troops are Speedily to
            leave this Continent.
          A body of troops are lately landed at Powles hook Cannot as Yet learn any thing of
            their Numbers.
          This Appears to me to be a Critical time with them, that they Might Easily be thrown
            into Great Consternation & Disorder & their plans frustrated be they
            what they may.
          Harvest will be Generally In, in New Jersey in the Course of this Month, After Which I
            Can Get out 2000 or 3000 Men from My Brigade for a Short time if Wanted, Or Shall be
            more Mistaken than Ever I was in My life—I have the Honor to be with sincere Esteem Your
            Excellencys Most Obdt servt

            Wm Winds


Title: General Orders, 11 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head-Quarters Peramus [N.J.] Saturday July 11th 1778.
            Parole Jones—C. Signs Ranger. Drake.

          The Commander in Chief is happy to communicate to the Army the fresh testimony of the
            Approbation of their Country contained in the following Resolve of Congress of 7th
            instant.
          Resolved—That General Washington be directed to signify the thanks of Congress to the
            gallant Officers and men under His Command who distinguish’d themselves by their Conduct
            and Valor at the Battle of Monmouth.
          The Left Wing will march tomorrow morning at one ôClock—Those Gentlemen belonging to it
            who are concerned as Witnesses in the Case of General Lee are to remain behind and
            attend the Court Martial.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Benedict Arnold, 11 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Arnold, Benedict

            Dear Sir
            Head-Quarters Paramus [N.J.] 11th July 1778

          Your favor of the 8th inst. affords me peculiar satisfaction by informing me that your
            wound begins to wear a favorable aspect, & that you are recovered from the
            disorder in your stomach—The left wing of the army is advanced four miles from this
            place, & 19 miles from Kings ferry—the other two divisions are moving on after
            it with proper intervals—the enemy since quitting the Jerseys have encamped in three
            divisions on Staten-Island, New York Island and Long Island—it does not appear to be
            their design or even practicable for them immediately to commence any offensive
            operations—this consideration added to the intense heat of the weather determines me to
            move very leisurely and spare the troops as much as possible—My hurry was so great when
            I last wrote that I omitted returng you my thanks for your obliging care in forwarding a
            Letter to Mrs Washington—you will be so good as to accept them now, and excuse the
              delinquency.

          The intelligence of the French fleets sailing from Toulon. gives some weight to the
            accounts which have been received by a Flag boat from New York of the arrival of a
            French Fleet off Chesapeak-bay—and induces me to congratulate you on it as matter worthy
            of credit—a vigorous press is said to have taken place in the harb⟨or⟩ of New York, for
            the purpose of manning the ⟨ir⟩ large Ships which are ordered to be ready for Sea. I am with great regard and es⟨teem⟩ Dr Sir &.


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 11 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

            Dear Sir
            Head Quarters Paramus [N.J.] 11th July 1778

          The first division of the Army moved from hence this morning, about four Miles, to give
            room to the second. They will reach Kakiate tomorrow evening, and the North River the
            next day. I shall halt the remainder hereabouts a few days, to refresh the Men. I am yet
            undetermined as to the expediency of throwing the Army immediately over the North River.
            I will state my reasons for hesitating, and shall beg to hear your sentiments upon the
            matter.
          Upon conversing with the Qr Mr and Commissary General and Commissary of Forage, upon
            the prospect of supplies, they all agree, that the Army can be much more easily
            subsisted upon the West, than upon the East side of the River. The Country on this side
            is more plentiful in regard to Forage: And Flour, which is the Article for which we
            shall be most likely to be distressed, coming from the Southward, will have a shorter
            transportation, and consequently the supply more easily kept up. We are besides in a
            Country devoted to the Enemy, and gleaning it, takes so much from them—Was this the only
            point to be determined, there would not remain a moments doubt; but the principal matter
            to be considered, is, (upon a supposition that the Enemy mean to operate up the North
            River) whether the Army, being all, or part upon this side the River, can afford a
            sufficient and timely support to the posts, should they put such a design in
            execution.
          Upon this point then, Sir, I request your full and candid opinion. You are well
            acquainted with the condition of the posts, and know what opposition they are at present
            capable of making, when sufficiently manned, which ought in my opinion to be immediately
            done. After that, you will please to take into consideration, whether any, and what
            advantages may be derived from the Army’s being upon the East side  of
            the River, and if there, what position would be most eligible. The neighbourhood of the
            white plains, after leaving sufficient Garrisons in our Rear, strikes me at present. We
            know the strength of the Ground, and we cover a considerable extent of Country, and draw
            the forage which would otherwise fall into the hands of the Enemy.
          In forming your opinion, be pleased to advert to the necessity of keeping our force
            pretty much collected, for which side soever you may determine: For should the Enemy
            find us disjointed, they may throw the whole of theirs upon part of ours, and, by their
            shipping, keep us from making a junction. In determining the above, you are to take it
            for granted that we can, should it be deemed most expedient, support the Army upon the
            East, tho’ it will be with infinitely more difficulty than upon the West side of the
            River.
          By the latest accounts from New York, it does not seem probable that the Enemy will
            operate any where suddenly: They have been much harassed and deranged by their march
            thro’ Jersey, and are at present encamped upon Long, Staten and York Islands. We have
            this day a rumor that a French Fleet has been seen off the Coast, and that the English
            is preparing to sail from New York in pursuit of them.
            But it is but a Rumor. I have the Honor to be with the greatest Respect and Esteem Dear
            Sir Yr most obt and hble Servt

            Go: Washington

            P.S. I have just recd a letter from General Arnold at Philada in which is the
              following. “An Express is arrived to Congress from France by the way of Boston with
              intelligence, that on the 15th of April a French Fleet sailed from Toulon consisting
              of 12 sail of the line, 7 frigates and 4 Xbecks—which we may hourly expect to arrive
              in this or Chesapeak Bay—Admiral Keppel sailed the 24th April from St Helens with 11
              sail of the line.”
            The above fully corroborates the account from New York. But I do not know that it
              ought to be made public yet, I mean as to numbers.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 11 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

            Sir
            Pyramus Church [N.J.] July 11th 1778

          I am now as far advanced as this place from whence the left wing of the Army marched to
            day about Four miles. According to my present Ideas, it will move tomorrow morning,
            under the Baron de Kalb towards the north River, with a view of passing it, at Kings
            Ferry. The right wing and second line, which form the remainder, being greatly fatigued
            by their march and the intensely hot weather, will halt here when they arrive for a few
            days in order to refresh themselves; as from the latest accounts and such as seem to
            have come through a pretty direct channel, the Enemy are reposing themselves at new York
            and on long & Staten Islands, without there being any preparations like a new
            expedition. These are my present intentions, but I confess, that I am under some
            difficulty, as to what should be our movements, or what precise disposition to make of
            the Army, & therefore shall be exceedingly obliged by your advice as soon as
            possible, on the subject. It is said by the Quarter Master & Commissary General,
            that it will be much easier to subsist it, i.e., the Troops with me, on this side the
            river, both with provisions & forage, than on the other, which is a point of
            material importance; and besides, that we shall drain the disaffected of this Country of
            those supplies which the Enemy would otherwise get.
            after considering the state of the fortifications—water defences and other matters
            necessary to be attended to, I request to be favored with your opinion, whether the
            whole or a principal part of the Army with me, can remain on this side the river and be
            in a condition to act properly & in time, in case the Enemy should direct their
            operations up the river & against those places; and if it can, what place will
            be most suitable for it to occupy as a Camp.

          There is one circumstance, I would recommend to your particular attention, which is the
            care of the Boats. After Baron Kalb has passed with the wing under his Command, if not
            before, I think it will be more adviseable to send them up to some of the
            fortifications, as a place of greater security. When they are wanted, they can be easily
            had—but if they should be destroyed by the Enemy on any sudden enterprize, the
            consequences might be extremely injurious, & we should be subjected to a
            thousand difficulties.
          We have had it reported from New York, that there is a French Fleet on the Coast. Just
            as I was about closing my Letter, I received one from Genl Arnold containing an account
            which countenances the report. You have an extract from it upon the subject. I dont know whether this intelligence should be made Public for
            reasons which will be obvious to you. I am Sir Your Most Obet Serv⟨t⟩

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 11–14 July 1778
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

            [c.11-14 July 1778]

          I would propose writing to the french Admiral that there are two objects one of the two
            may be improvd as a blockade or an investiture as circumstances and the practibillity of
            entering the Harbour of New york should be found.
          The french fleet to take their station at Sandy Hook and block up the Harbour. This
            Army to take a position near the White Plains to cut off the Land communication and to
            all appearance seem to design some serious opperations against Newyork & the
            troops there.
          General Sullivan to be wrote to, desiring to know what force he has, that may be
            considerd in the charactor of regular troops what force is from the neighbouring States
            and expected in a few days, & what Militia can be brought
            together in Eight days time & how the Magazines are prepard for such a
            consumption & whether there is Boats to make a landing upon Rhode Island to
            learn the Strength of the Enemy there and the number of their Ships & of what
            force.
          In the mean time the Admiral to make himself acquainted with the depth of water into
            Newyork and the Ships & force there. On the return of the Express from General
            Sullivan the admiral to determin from the enquiry he shall make and the information
            General Sullivan shall give which will be the most elligible, object. But if it should
            be found that the fleet can come into the Harbour of Newyork, this Army will be ready to
            coopperate with him as far as the Nature of the Country & the situation of the
            Enemy will admit.
          The fleet from Sandy Hook can run into Newport in three days time that, that station
            will be favorable for either the one or the other of the measures—as should be found
            hereafter to be the most certain of success.
          I would inform the admiral of the difficulty of approaching Newyork by Land, of the
            Enemies strength there; and send a verbal account of our own strength and intended
            position. I would also send him a Copy of the Letter to G. Sullivan if it is not thought
            dangerous as it is possible it may fall into the Enemies hands.


Title: To George Washington from Henry Laurens, 11 July 1778
From: Laurens, Henry
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Philadelphia 11th July 1778.

          I beg leave to refer Your Excellency to the contents of a Letter which I had honor of
            writing to you last Evening by Barry.
          The present Cover will convey to Your Excellency two Acts of Congress of this date.
          1—Empowering Your Excellency to call in the Aid of such Militia as shall appear to be
            necessary from the four Eastern States, from New York & New Jersey for carrying
            on operations in concert with Count d’Estaing.
          2—Intimating the desire of Congress that Your Excellency Cooperate with Vice Admiral
            Count d’Estaing in the Execution of such offensive operations against the Enemy as shall
            appear to be necessary.
          Congress have directed me to propose for Your Excellencys consideration an attack by
            Vice Admiral Count dEstaing upon the British Ships of War & Transports in the
            harbor of Rhode Island, by which possession of a safe port may be gained & the
            retreat of the British forces  on that Island be cut off, as an
            alternative to a hazardous or ineligible attempt upon the British Squadron within Sandy
            Hook. I have the honor to be With the highest Esteem & Respect Sir Your
            Excellency’s Most obedient & most humble servant

            Henry Laurens, President of Congress.

            Sometime ago I informed Your Excellency that Congress had adopted the Stile of “North
              America” to these States—this day that Resolution was reconsidered & reduced
              to the former mode of “America.”
            Congress Resolved on the 9th Inst. that the Committee appointed to arrange the Army
              do repair without delay to Head Quarters for that purpose as Your Excellency will
              perceive by the Inclosed Certified Order.


Title: From George Washington to Elizabeth Watkins, 11 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Watkins, Elizabeth

            [Paramus, N.J.] Saturday July 11th 1778.

          Genl Washington presents his respectful compliments to Miss Watkins, and offers his
            grateful thanks for her curious present of a laurel wreath, which he shall wear, with
            great pleasure in remembrance of the fair giver.
          The Genl was not honord with the receipt of Miss Watkinss favor till yesterday
            afternoon which will apologize for his delay in the acknowledgmt.


Title: General Orders, 12 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head-Quarters Peramus [N.J.] Sabbath July 12th 1778.
            Parole Bridgewater—C. Signs Bergen. Bristol.

          At a General Court Martial in the Right Wing of the Army at Watersisson July 9th 1778—Lieutt Coll Meade President, Captain Lipscomb,  Acting Quarter-Master General to the Division commanded by Majr General
            Baron de Steuben, tried for treating the General in a disrespectful manner.
          After considering the Charge and Evidence the Court are unanimously of opinion that
            Captain Lipscomb is not guilty of the Charge exhibited against him and do acquit him
            with honor.
          The General approves the sentence; He is willing to believe that Captain Lipscomb did
            not intend that disrespect to Baron de Steuben, which the Baron apprehended, at the same
            time he must observe that there was an Impropiety in Captain Lipscomb’s taking quarters
            in a house destined for the General commanding the Division.
          At the same Court Lieutt West of Coll Angell’s Regiment was tried for plundering the
            property of Mrs Golf in the Month of December A.D. 1776. found guilty of the Charge
            exhibited against him and sentenced to be discharged from the service—The Commander in Chief confirms the sentence, and orders it to
            take place immediately.
          The Commander in Chief directs that no sick be left on this ground but that they be all
            carried to King’s-Ferry—Spare Waggons are to be provided for such as cannot be conveyed
            on the Baggage Waggons.
          The Post-Office will in future on a march move and remain with the Park.


Title: From George Washington to William Henry Drayton, 12 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Drayton, William Henry

            Dr Sir,
            Head Quarters Paramus [N.J.] July 12. 1778

          Permit me to assure you, that the cordial terms of your obliging favour of the 5th
            afford me the most sensible pleasure. It, naturally, is
            my ardent wish, that my well-meant endeavours, for the prosperity of my country, may
            meet the approbation of my countrymen; and I cannot but be peculiarly flattered by every
            instance of esteem, from the discerning part of them.
          The want of a longer personal acquaintance rather increases, than lessens my
            obligation, for your politeness on the present occasion, which certainly could need no
            apology on that, or on any other account. I need not say, I shall be happy in every
            occasion of cultivating  a continuance of your friendship, and
            convincing you, that I am, with great regard, Dr Sir Your most Obedt serv.


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 12 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

            Sir
            Camp at pyramus [N.J.] July 12th 1778

          On friday evening I had the honor to receive your Letter of the 7th Instant, with it’s
              inclosures.
          The vote of approbation and thanks, which Congress have been pleased to honor me with,
            gives me the highest satisfaction, and, at the same time, demands a return of my
            sincerest acknowledgements. The other resolution, I communicated, with great pleasure,
            to the Army at large in Yesterday’s orders.
          The left wing of the Army, which advanced yesterday four miles beyond this, moved this
            morning on the route towards King’s ferry. The right and the second line, which makes
            the last division are now here, where they will halt for
            a day or two or perhaps longer, if no circumstances of a pressing nature cast up, in
            order to refresh themselves from the great fatigues they have suffered from the intense
            heat of the weather.
          We have had it reported for two or three days, through several channels from New-York,
            that there is a french fleet on the Coast; and it is added, that the Enemy have been
            manning with the utmost dispatch several of their Ships of war which were there, and
            have pushed them out to sea. How far these facts are true, I cannot determine, but I
            should think it of infinite importance to ascertain the first if possible, by sending
            out swift sailing Cruizers. The most interesting advantages might follow the
            information. I will try by every practicable means, that I can
            devise, to obtain an accurate account of the Enemy’s fleet at New York. I have the Honor
            to be with great respect & esteem sir Yr Most Obedt sert

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Alexander McDougall, 12 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

            Dear Sir
            Camp near pyramus Church [N.J.] July 12. 1778

          I am very desirous of seeing you, and request that you will be with me, as soon as you
            can, without injury to your health or overfatiguing yourself. I am Dr Sir with great
            regard & esteem Yr Most Obedt servt

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Francis Barber, 13 July 1778
From: Barber, Francis
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Elisath town [N.J.] July 13th 1778

          One of the persons whom you allowed me to send for Intelligence returned last night
            from Staten Island—He informs, that the greatest part of the British Army are encamped
            there, their Baggage with them—That General Grant now commands on the Island—That
            Generals Clinton & Cornwallis are in New York—That there appears to be no
            preparations for a Move either by Land or Water—That they talk of nothing else now, but
            the French Fleet, which some assert is near sandy–Hook—That their Men of War are in readiness to sail, but have not yet moved—That all
            Officers on Furlough or half pay are ordered to join their respective Corps—That the
            Cavalry are on Long Island with some Infantry—That they confess they had more than 300
            killed in the last Engagement & cannot immagine what the Devil made the Rebels
            fight so obstinately—That they are exceedingly alarmed at the Approach of the French
            fleet on account of their Provision Vessels which they are expecting daily &
            seem to stand in need of.
          The Bearer John Hendricks brother to the Informer, who likewise was on the Island two
            nights ago being willing to convey this letter, I have sent to your Excellency in
            preference to another, that you may have an opportunity of asking him many Questions
            which may have escaped me—You may depend upon his & his brother Fidelity and
            strong Attachment to your Interest & success—They have served much in this way
            & suffered much with I believe, little or no reward heretofore.
          Gen: Maxwell, with his Brigade are in this town, I think, by advice from the Governor
            & Desire of the principal Inhabitants.
          I hope my situation will plead an Excuse for every Inaccuracy in my Letter. I am with
            the highest Esteem, your Excellency’s very humble Servant

            F. Barber


Title: To George Washington from Colonel George Baylor, 13 July 1778
From: Baylor, George
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            Fredsburg [Va.] July 13th 1778

          Since my last letter to you I have made few or no purchases of Horses. having got all in this part of the country which wo’d answer as
            troopers, excepting the best kind; the price of which I think too extravigant, from two
            to three hundred pounds.
          I have repeatedly spoke to Mr Hunter and his maniger at his works about the armes which
            I had engaged, they as often tel me that they shall be done, which has by no means been
            compli’d with. I have been frequently deceiv’d & much disappointed by them.
          Major Wash[i] ngton who could be no longer servisable here is gone to join his
            Regiment. A party of 36 men & 60 Horses of Colo. Blands, left this yesterday for
            Camp. I shall send off a party of 20 men and 40 Horses tomorrow under Lieut. Randolph.
            the men & Horses which I send, I think are good and pretty well Traind.
          enclosd is the proceedings of a Regimental court of enquirery on Lieut. John Baylor for
            gameing, whome I have arrested. his plea is, a total ignorance of your ever having
            issued orders forbiding it. I should be glad to have your derections respecting him.
          As there is but little prospect of our geting many more Horses, I think it will be
            unnecessary to keep the recruits which I have got, here, for the purpose of taking the
            Horses to Camp, as I believe men may be got now, as fast as Horses.
          Give me leave Sir in the most sincere manner to congratulate you on your signal
            suckcess in the Jearsy. I am dr Sir with the greatest Respect your most obedt and very
            Huml. Servant.

            George Baylor


Title: To George Washington from Vice Admiral d’Estaing, 13 July 1778
From: Estaing, Charles-Hector Théodat, comte d’
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            In the Road without Sandy Hook the 13th July 1778

          The desire of communicating speedily with Your Excellency determines me to make a
            debarkation upon the Coast of Jersey in a village which according to the Map is to the
            Northward of the River Shrewsbury. If our common enemy are in possession and can be
            driven from it, I shall fulfil the object of my descent—An instant of liberty will
            suffice for a good patriot to dare to show himself—Every citizen will be eager to convey
            my homage to the deliverer of his country. The first moments are so pretious, above all
            upon Sea, that it may be of the greatest importance for me to be informed four and
            twenty hours sooner or later of the projects of Your Excellency. I have orders to second
            them; I dare assure you, that I will do it to the utmost of my power. To act in concert
            with a great man is the first of blessings—tis one of those which flatter me the most in
            the commission with which I am honored. An apprehension that the letter, of which I have
            now the honor to send a duplicate, may not come to hand
            ’till late, makes me hazard a step, the motive for which must be the excuse. I have the
            honor to be &c.

            Estaing


Title: To George Washington from Major General Horatio Gates, 13 July 1778
From: Gates, Horatio
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            White plains 13th July 1778.

          This morning early, I was honoured by the receipt of Your Excellency’s Letter of the
            11th—dated from pyramus Church. In Obedience to Your Excellency’s Commands, to give my
            Opinion of the Disposition to be immediately made, of the Troops marching with Your
            Excellency, I presume to say, that I perfectly approve of Your Excellency’s keeping the
            Right Wing, & Second Line of the Grand Army, upon the West Side of Hudson’s
            River, from Haverstraw, towards Kings Ferry; One Brigade to Occupy the post on Stoney
            point, and that Opposite, on the East Side of the River; as I conceive the Left Wing
            under Major General Baron de Kalbe, will amount to Four Thousand Men, that, in Addition
            to the Troops now here, will, in my humble Opinion, be Sufficient to restrain the Enemy
            to narrow limits on this side the River, and Guard the whole front of the Highlands. The
            position at Haverstraw &c., with the remaining part of the Army, will Secure
            more Forage, provissions, &c., than can be provided by a Junction of the whole
            on this peninsula: The defences on the River, and the important post of West point, will
            also be better Secured by this Division of the Army.
          There is no Forage, Grass excepted, to be had here; and that, must soon be procured
            near the Enemy’s Lines. I have ordered Lieut. Colonel Hay, Depy Quarter Master General,
            in Conjunction with General Glover, & Colonel La Radiere, (who for the present
            Commands at Ver plank’s point,) to make the best disposition, as well for the Use, as
            the Security of Our Boats & Water Craft, at, and above Kings Ferry. In those
            Hands, I have not the Smallest doubt but Your Excellency’s intentions will be fully
              executed.
          The  Instant, I sent one of my Aids to Springfield, to see the Arms wanted
            for the Drafts brought forward; and to Order Colonel Armand’s Corps to March immediately
            to Fish Kill, from whence, with Your Excellency’s Approbation, I would post them
            Immediately at West point, where they may be kept in due Obedience, prevented from
            Deserting, and made to forward the Compleating that important Fortress: It is high time
            they were removed from Springfield.

          Inclosed are Dispatches just received from Albany, with my Answers to Brigr General
              Stark; I wish, in Confidence, to say every thing I
            know, and every thing I think, to Your Excellency, upon Affairs to the Northward, and
            Westward: when the Troops are fixed in their proper positions, I wish to wait upon Your
            Excellency, for a few Hours, at Your Head Quarters. I am, Sir, Your Excellency’s Most
            Obedt & Hume Servt

            Horatio Gates


Title: From George Washington to Major General Johann Kalb, 13 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Kalb, Johann

            D. Sir
            Camp at pyramus [N.J.] July 13 [1778] 9 oClock P.M.

          I am to request that you will cross the North or Hudson’s river, as soon as possible,
            with the Troops now under your command and take post on the other side on some good
            convenient grounds, where you will wait for further orders. Some advices I have received
            this minute require this movement to be made with every degree of dispatch. I am D. Sir
            with respect & esteem

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Francis Barber, 14 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Barber, Francis

            Sir,
            Head Quarters Paramus [N.J.] July 14th 1778

          I have received your favour of yesterday, and am obliged to you for the intelligence,
            it contains. I beg you will continue your endeavours to procure every information, you
            can, concerning the enemy’s situation and designs, as well with respect to their naval
            as to their land force, which, at this time, is peculiarly important. For this purpose,
            I send you a number of questions, which you will deliver to the persons you employ in
            the business, to direct the objects of their inquiry. If you think of any matters, not
            mentioned there, the knowledge of which may be useful, you will add the necessary
            questions for obtaining it. I am at a loss what will be
            a reasonable compensation to Hendricks. His expectations, founded on the risk he has
            run, what he has suffered and what he has lost seem to be pretty high. Of these, as he
            was not employed under my immediate direction and I am unacquainted with the
            circumstances attending the execution of his trust, I cannot be a proper judge. I should
            be glad you would make particular inquiry, into the matter, and let me have your
            opinion, what may be an adequate reward. I understand he has been chiefly employed by
            General Wynds and Col: Dayton, who will therefore be able to inform what services he has
            rendered. With my best wishes for your speedy recovery and with much regard—I am Sir
            Your most Obedt servant

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 14 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

            Sir
            Head Quarters Paramus [N.J.] 14th July 1778.

          The report of a French Fleet’s being on the Coast, as mentioned in my letter of the
            11th is confirmed. I received last night advices from Congress, that a Ship of 90—2 of
            80—8 of 74—1 of 64 and 4 of 36 Guns were off Chingoteague on Wednesday last, where they
            fell in with, and sunk the Lydia of 26 Guns on a cruise from New York. The Fleet is under the command of Admiral Count D’Estaing, and
            was originally designed to come into the Delaware; but finding Philadelphia evacuated,
            and the British Ships all gone to New York, they intended to sail to Sandy Hook. After
            mentioning this, and congratulating you on the happy event, I must request that you will
            take the earliest and every possible means you can devise, to obtain an accurate account
            of the Ships of War at New York, or that have gone out lately, and of their respective
            force, which you will transmit me without a moments delay, in order that it may be put
            into a proper channel of conveyance to the Admiral. The importance of this will strike
            you at once, and therefore I will not add further upon the subject, without it is to
            tell you, that Admiral Keppell was to sail from Portsmouth with a Fleet in pursuit of
            this.
          Interest and policy strongly press us to cooperate
            with, and to give every countenance to our Friends upon this occasion; and this is the
            wish of Congress. I therefore think it will be material for you to circulate a report in
            a proper manner, that we are upon the point of concentering our
            whole force and bringing it to act against New York. This will excite the Enemy’s fears,
            and aided by such movements and other measures as you may judge it advisable to take,
            may greatly facilitate the Admiral’s designs, and produce the most beneficial
            consequences.  We should attempt to rouse their jealousy in every
            quarter, and in every shape. The Baron de Kalb I expect will, in the course of a day or
            two, cross Hudsons River with the left Wing of this Army. I am Sir Yr Most Obedt
              servt

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 14 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

            Sir,
            Head Quarters Paramus [N.J.] July 14th 1778

          I am just favord with your Letter of yesterday. The right wing and second line of the
            army marched this morning from hence and will be at Haverstraw tomorrow, where I also
            expect to be at the same time. I shall be glad to see you there without delay to confer
            on the several subjects of your letter, and on some other matters of importance. I wrote
            to you last night communicating the intelligence I had received from Congress of the
            arrival of a French fleet on our coast; this morning
            brought me accounts, though not certain, of its being
            arrived off the Hook. This is a circumstance of serious
            import, and may have no small influence on our operations. I am Sir Your mo. Obet
            Sert

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 14 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

            sir
            Camp Paramus [N.J.] 14 July 1778.

          I had the honor yesterday evening of receiving your very important favor of the 10th
            instant.
          Colonel Laurens, one of my aids, will set out this morning with a letter to the French
            Admiral the Count d’Estaing inclosing a copy of yours, and such other information as I
            have been able to collect. Its further purpose is for the establishing a convention of
            signals in case of co-operation; or to convey him such a knowledge of the enemy’s naval
            force and position, as may from time to time come under our cognizance.

          It appears by intelligence of to-day that the Count d’Estaing is off or near Sandy
            Hook; having already seized several fishing boats on the banks, in order to procure
            information and pilots.
          The army is in motion and will cross the North River with all convenient dispach, where
            I shall pursue such measures as may appear best calculated for improving the present
            conjuncture. I have the honor to be with much respect sir your most obedient and very
            hble servt

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General John Stark, 14 July 1778
From: Stark, John
To: Washington, George

            Dear General
            Albany 14th July 1778

          I Embrace this opportunity by Colo. Lewis, to Inform your Excellency the Situation we
            are in at this Quarter—we are threatned on all sides—by Express from Fort Schuyler, I am
            Informed, that there is an Army Coming against that place—there is another Body of
            Indians, & Torys, Gathered at a place Called Unidillo, about Sixty Miles from
            Mohawk River—the Enemies Ships is at Crownpoint.
          this is my Situation, & not so much as a Guard to this place—there is a few (of
            this States) Militia, on the Frontiers—but they are only Raised for a month at a time,
            & then March off, often Leaving the posts they Occupy, Destitute of any Guard—I
            fear if there is not some Troops sent that can be Depended on—this Whole Country will be
            Deserted—I had but one Regiment with me and that I was oblidged to send to Fort
            Schuyler, to Reinforce that Garrison, so that at present there is no Guard for the
            Stores, nor fort, but the City Militia, & about 50 of Beedles Regiment,
            & neither Can much be Depended on—I have
            Represented the Affair to General Gates, & Requested men, but the Express has not yet Returned. I am Sir with Great
            Respect Your Obedient Humble Sert

            John Stark

            N.B. I am Informed by Express, that Arrived last Night, from Fort Schuyler,
              that all the Onandagos, & Senecas, are Gone to the Susquehannah, to Join that
              Body of Indians & Tories, (Mentioned in my Letter) in order to fall on the
              Frontiers of this State, & the Back Settlements of Pensylvania. I should
              Recommend Detaining those Senicas that went to you till the Event is Known. as before J.S.


Title: From George Washington to John Cleves Symmes, 14 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Symmes, John Cleves

            Sir.
            Camp Paramus [N.J.] 14 July 1778

          I received your letter of the 10th Inst. dated at the Minisink.
          The militia who were on service down upon the sound, have been discharged and are since
            ordered by the Governor to your support and assistance.
          But I flatter myself from the face of intelligence that the Indians are now returning
            to their homes, which will render assistance from this quarter unnecessary could it be
            spared at present. I am Sir your obt & very hble servt.


Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 14 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.

            Sir
            Head Quarters Paramus [N.J.] July 14th 1778

          I last night recieved a Letter from Congress, informing me of the arrival of a French
            Fleet, on our Coast, extracts of which I have the Honor to enclose. In addition to that information, I have recieved intelligence,
            of tolerable authenticity, to day, of its arrival off the Hook. Every thing we can do to
            aid and cooperate with this Fleet is of the greatest importance. Accounts from New-York
            speak of a Cork Fleet which is momently expected there, for the safety of which the
            Enemy are extremely alarmed. It is probable that this Fleet, to avoid the  French Fleet, will be directed to take its course thro’ the Sound—If
            this should be the case, it might answer the most valuable consequences, were the
            eastern States to collect before hand all the Frigates and armed Vessels they can get to
            gether for the purpose, at some convenient place, for interrupting their passage that
            way. If the whole, or any considerable part of the Cork-Fleet could be taken or
            destroyed, it would be a fatal blow to the British Army, which, it is supposed, at this
            time, has but a very small stock of Provisions on hand—Should the project I have now
            suggested appear to you eligible, I beg the favor of you to transmit Copies of my
            Letter, and the enclosed extracts to the neighbouring States, and endeavour to engage
            their concurrence. I have the Honor to be with the greatest respect & Esteem
            Your Excellency’s Most obedient Servant

            G. Washington

            P.S. From the nature of the River even small armed Boats may be useful, as
              the Frigates cannot protect the Transports.


Title: To George Washington from John Parke Custis, 15 July 1778
From: Custis, John Parke
To: Washington, George

            Hond Sir
            New Kent [Va.] July 15th 78

          On my Return from Mt Vernon to this Place, I found the Packet, containing your Letter
            and Deed. I am much oblidged to you for the Trouble you
            have taken, to have a new Deed made out, from yourself to Me. It was the Method I
            proposed, but my Uncles Bassett and Dandridge thought it best, to have the Deed made
            from you to Henry; I shall be in no Hurry to have your Deed acknowledged, unless a good
            opportunity offers, as I hope, most sincerely, to see you in Virginia in Peace, long
            before the Time elapses.
          I am happy in the thought, that my Plan of selling my Lands meets with your
            approbation, and I am thankful for your advice. I should most certainly have invested
            the Money ariseing from the Sales in the Funds, if the Purchase of Robert &
            Gerard Alexander’s Lands in Fairfax did not point out another Way. the Particulars of
            the Bargains you are probably acquainted with before now. the one with Robert, Besides
            the extravagancy of the Price, is a very disagreable one. Nothing could have induced  Me to have given such Terms, but the unconquerable Desire I had, to
            live in the Neighbourhood of Mt Vernon, and in the County of Fairfax. I have agreed to
            give Him £12 per acre, and at the Experation of twenty four years, to pay Him the
            Principal with compound Interest. this is a hard and disagreable Article. I shall
            however guard against the Evil as much as possible, by investing the Sum in the Funds,
            for the particular Use of dischargeing this Debt. He cannot during the twenty four
            years, demand of Me a Farthing, either Principal or Interest. I have agreed to give
            Gerard £11 per acre, the Money to be paid at Christmas. the reason that induced Me to
            purchase his Land, was the advantage of having my Estate under my own Eye, and the
            probability of getting Phil’s, which I understand he wants to sell. if I should get his
            my Tract would be very complete, and good in Quality, Situated in a Part of the State
            where Lands will rise in Value, as much as in any other Part, or rather more. these Purchases have induced Me to think of selling all my Lands
            in this Part of the State, excepting my King William and N—Kent Tracts. these Tracts are
            better in Quality then any of my other Lands, and from their Situation, may be
            overlook’d by one Manager. my Estate on the Eastern
            Shore from Mismanagement, has not, I beleive cleared Me for the last three years £50 pr.
            Annum. my Hanover Land has been of no advantage to Me.
            my Land near Willmburg has by Hill’s liveing upon It, been more advantageous than any
            other, but that I am confident has not yeilded me the Interest of the Money it would now
            sell for. I should be glad to dispose of this Tract, as
            it will be very inconvenient for Me to hold it, and I shall be under the Necessity of
            buying Negroes and Horses at the very extravagant Price They now sell at. Hill has drawn
            the likeliest Negroes I own, to this Place, and still complains of the want of Hands; if
            I sell this Land, I shall have Negroes, Horses, Sheep, and Cattle to stock the two
            Plantations I propose reserving, and my Lands in Fairfax fully. the Expense of keeping
            this Plantation in culture, from the great Scarsity of Timber, the number of roads
            running through the Land, and the amazing Deal of Ditching necessary to inclose the
            Feilds, besides this the Necessity of keeping a Man, above the Rank of a common
            Overseer, at extraordinary Wages to overlook this Plantation, will render the Income
            less in Proportion, with equal Management, with this or the King William Estate. Hill by
            confineing Himself to that Plantation, left the Management of the other Plantations
            entirely to the Overseers, who neglected their Business shamefully. The Land near
            Willmsbg will now sell very high, as Money is as plenty and of as little Value as in any
            Part of the Continent. I should be very glad to dispose of It. if We could settle with
            regard to my Mother’s Dower, I shall willingly agree to any thing you shall propose,
            either to retain It, or dispose of it together with my Part of the Tract. My Mother says
            She shall willingly  accede to any thing that shall be determined on
            between Us. I am confident that this Land will sell much higher at this Time than it
            will do for fifty years to come, as the Seat of Government will certainly be removed as
            soon as we have a Peace, and our Money will rise in Value. Lots in Willmsbg and Lands adjacent must fall greatly in Value—My Intentions are,
            after paying for the Lands above to put the remainder of the Money in the Funds for the
            Purpose of Building Me a House in Fairfax whenever I can do It conveniently.
          Price Posey was at Davenport’s the Day before yesterday. He says that their is a promiseing Crop on the Ground, but is afraid it will suffer
            on Account of the Sickly Situation of the Negroes, their are several of the Best Hands
            now sick, one has been in a very low State for Some Time. I shall take the Liberty to
            direct Davenport to send him to my Quarter, in hopes the change of Air will recover Him.
            I shall cheerfully lend Davenport every assistance in recovering his People. He
            attributes their Sickness to the badness of the Water.
          I do with the most heartfelt Pleasure congratulate you on the Victory you obtain’d over
            the Enemy on the Plains of Monmouth, and do sinc[e]rely wish you a continuance of
            Success. I also congratulate you on the appearance of a French Fleet on our Coast. They
            have drove on the Eastern an English Frigate of 28 Guns. the greatest Part of the Crew
            are Prisoners on the Eastern Shore. They have taken or sunk two others. this is the report, and I beleive it is true; I live in the most
            retired Part of the State, I seldom heare any thing. I did not hear of your Victory for
            some time after the Express went down—I have the Pleasure to inform you that my little
            Family are in tolerable Health. Nelly joins Me in wishing you every Blessing. I am Hond
            Sir yr most affecte

            J.P. Custis


Title: From George Washington to William Dobbs, 15 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Dobbs, William

            Sir
            [Haverstraw, N.Y., 15 July 1778]

          A considerable fleet of french men of War, chiefly Ships of the line, has just arrived
            at Sandy Hook, under the command of Admiral Count D’estaing. As the Admiral is a
            Stranger to our Coast, and is come for the purpose of co-operating with us against the
            Enemy, it is absolutely necessary that he should be immediately provided with a number
            of skillful pilots, well acquainted with the Coast & Harbours and of firm
            attachment to our cause. I am assured by Govenor Clinton and Genl McDougal that you
            answer this description in every part, I must therefore request the favor of you to see
            me as early as possible, when I would flatter myself you will not have the smallest
            objection to going  on board the fleet on so essential &
            interesting occasion. I will not at this time say any thing of your pay, but I doubt not
            we shall readily agree on a sum that will not only be just but generous and if we should
            not, that your services will be liberally considered & rewarded by the states. I
            am Sir Yr Most Obedt servt

            Go: Washington

            P.S. I wish you to come prepared to go as the situation of affairs will not admit of
              delay.


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 15 July 1778
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

            Dear General
            Head Quarters Boston 15th July 1778

          This moment Colonel Armand & a major Ottendroff called at my quarters, and
            being about to set out for the Army, the Major desires I would write your Excellency
            that he is exceeding sorry for leaving the service the last year, and wishes you would
            over look it; that he desires again to serve in the Army. He has made several
            applications to the Navy Board to serve in the navy; he is now requesting Colo. Armand
            to let him serve in his Corps if agreeable to you, and Colonel Armand informs me he
            should like him as a Major if your Excellency should approve of it, and has desired me
            to mention it; I know nothing of the Major’s abilities, or the reasons of his leaving
            the Army, both of which I apprehend are fully known to your Excellency. I have the honor
            to be With great respect Your Excellency’s Obedt Servant

            W. Heath


Title: From George Washington to Jeremiah Wadsworth, 15 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Wadsworth, Jeremiah

            Sir
            Haverstraw [N.Y.] 15th July 1778.

          I desire you immediately to select Fifty of your best Bullocks, and give orders to have
            two hundred Sheep if to be procured and a parcel of poultry purchased in the most
            convenient part of the Country. They are intended as a present to the Count D’Estaing
            Admiral of the French Fleet now laying off Sandy Hook. You are to send them to the  Coast as expeditiously as possible, and upon giving notice to the
            Admiral he will contrive means of taking them off. A letter from me will be delivered to
            you for the Count which you are to forward with the provision. You are to write to him in your public Character and offer him
            any assistance that he may want in victualling the Fleet under his command. I am Sir Yr
            most obt Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from William Dobbs, 16 July 1778
From: Dobbs, William
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Fish Kill [N.Y.] July 16th 1778

          I had the Honour of receiving your Excellency’s Letter of the 15th Inst. by
            Express—Should have immediately complied with the Request contained therein—but that it
            met me on my Sick Bed, in which Situation I have lain very ill with a severe Fit of the
            Fever and Ague for four Days past—I have therefore recommended two Persons, every Way
            adapted to the Purpose of Serving their Country in so material a Point, and have sent
            Expresses for them to Stamford and Sawpitt, at which places they reside, with orders not
            to delay a Moment in repairing to Your Excellency—their names are Martin Johnson and
            James Howlet, Men whom your Excellency may repose a Confidence in—They are well acquainted with the Coast of America, and more
            especially so with the Coast and Harbour of N. York—they have followed piloting for some
            Years and were regular Branch pilots at that place—they will present your Excellency the
            Letters I sent them as vouchers for their Characters. I
            am Your Excellency’s most Obedient and very Humble Servant

            Willm Dobbs


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 16 July 1778
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Capt. Drakes 7 miles from the [King’s] ferry [N.Y.] July 16th
              1778

          General Varnum is at this place and has very lately returnd from Rhode Island, he says
            that there are 1500 State troops including the Artillery Regiment. There is the
            Continental Battallion commanded by Col. Greene about 130 strong. Besides these 2500
            Militia are orderd from the Massachusets, Conecticut, & New Hampshire States,
            part of which are already arrivd; and the others dayly coming in. General Varnum thinks
            there cannot be less than 3000 men already embodied under the command of General
            Sullivan that can be depended upon.
          General Varnum thinks there is not above 3000 of the Enemy at Rhode Island and only Six
            frigates.
          I find no place for encamping the troops short of 9 miles from the ferry towards
            Crumpond. I am with great respect your Excell. Most obedient humble Servt

            Nath. Greene


Title: To George Washington from William Livingston, 16 July 1778
From: Livingston, William
To: Washington, George

          Letter not found: from William Livingston, 16 July 1778. On 16
            July, Livingston wrote GW, “I did myself the honour this morning to acquaint your
            Excellency that I had been yesterday to the Southward.”


Title: To George Washington from William Livingston, 16 July 1778
From: Livingston, William
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            Morris Town [N.J.] 16 July 1778

          I did myself the honour this morning to acquaint your Excellency that I had been
            yesterday to the Southward to forward pilots to the hook to conduct the fleet under the
            Command of his Excellency Count d’Estaing to New York—As
            each ship ought at least to have one, I am persuaded that it will conduce to the Service
            to secure some to the Northward least we should be disappointed in the requisite
            Complement in these parts—I therefore take the Liberty to mention to your Excellency the
            names of some that have been recommended to me at Peaks kill & Kings ferry, to
            wit Capt. William Dobbs Dennis McQuire Isaac Symondson—Peeks kill William Sloo—Kings
              ferry Their political characters (a matter of the last
            Importance,) I know not—I have the honour to be with the highest Esteem Dr Sir your
            Excellencys most humble Servt

            Wil: Livingston


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Spotswood, 16 July 1778
From: Spotswood, Alexander
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            [York, Pa.] July 16 1778

          My reasons for Quiting the Service at the time I did you already have—two days after my arrival at home they were obviated by a letter
            which I receivd from Colo. Stevens informing me of my brother being Only Wounded, and
            likely to recover—I immediatly wrote to Our delegates informing them the Contents of
            Colo. Steven’s letter, and my desire of reentering the service, provided I coud be
            reinstated in my propper place, this letter I believd reached them before my
            Commission—and as it was the opinion of Congress that my Case was very
            hard, and that I had been injured, they refused Accepting my Commission, &
            determind, that I shd be the next brigadier made from our State—on my arrival at this place from Camp, I happen’d to be in
            Company with Gl Weedon who informd me he had quited the service—I immediatly waited on
            our delegates & expressed my desire of being reinstated according to the promise
            of Congress—I recd for answer that all future arangements were to be made by a Committee
            Which Consisted of your Excellency—Gl Read, & another Gentleman whose name I
            have forgot—but that they woud represent my Case—I have
            only to beg, that, as I look on myself to be in the army my Commission not being
            receivd, and having the above promise from Congress, that your excellency will not
            forget me, I set of[f] this day for Virginia—and if Called on will be ready to set of[f]
            from home to the army in twelve hours—as I wish more particularly to be with it at this
            time, on acct of the arrival of the french fleet, which Induces me to believe, that,
            something great will be done in a few weeks. I am with great Esteem & respect—yr
            Excellencys Mt Obdt

            A. Spotswood


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 17 July 1778
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

            Dear Genl
            Head Quarters Boston July 17th 1778

          The day before yesterday I received a letter from Peter Colt Esqr. A.C.G. of Purchases
            of which the enclosd is a copy The provissions in our
            Magazines are by no means very considerable; but finding Mr Colt so pressing, and not
            knowing but the most fatal consequences might take place if salted provisions were not
            sent on, I immediately gave orders for Six Hundred Barrels of pork and four Hundred
            Barrels of Beef to be forwarded without delay from the Magazine at Westborough. If the Enemy should not come this way we shall not feel
            the want of it, but if they should our Magazines will be found very scanty, If Your
            Excellency should be of opinion that the whole of the before mentioned Quantity will not
            be necessary, permit me to request that orders may be sent to Mr Colt to stop what may
            not be thought needful, otherwise the whole will go on—the provisions are exceedingly
            good; but the transporting them by land so great a distance is a disagreeable
              consideration. I have the honor to be With great
            respect Your Excellency’s Most Obedt Servt

            W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from Henry Laurens, 17 July 1778
From: Laurens, Henry
To: Washington, George

            Sir.
            Philadelphia 17th July 1778.

          Your Excellency’s favor of the 14th Inst. which came to hand pretty late last Evening I
            shall have the honor of presenting to Congress this Morning.
          At present I have no other Commands on me, but to transmit the Inclosed Act of Congress
            of the 15th Inst. for receiving & subsisting prisoners of War which may be taken
            by the Squadron under the Command of Vice Admiral Count d’Estaing to which I beg leave
            to refer. And remain With the most sincere Regard
            & Respect sir Your Excellency’s Most obedient & most humble servant

            Henry Laurens, President of Congress.


Title: From George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 17 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

            Dear Sir
            Head Quarters Haverstraw [N.Y.] 17th July 1778

          I have the pleasure to inform you, of what you have probably heard before this time,
            that the Admiral Count D’Estaing has arrived upon the Coast, and now lays off Sandy
            Hook, with a fleet of twelve Ships of the Line and four Frigates belonging to his most
            Christian Majesty. The  design of this fleet is to co-operate with the
            American Armies, in the execution of any plans, which shall be deemed most advancive of
            our mutual interests, against the common enemy. No particular plan is yet adopted, but
            two seem to present themselves; either an attack upon New York, or Rhode Island. Should
            the first be found practicable, our forces are very well disposed for the purpose; but
            should the latter be deemed most eligible, some previous preparations must be made. That
            we may therefore be ready at all points, and for all events, I desire that you may
            immediately apply in the most urgent manner, in my name, to the States of Rhode Island,
            Massachusets and Connecticut to make up a Body of 5000 Men inclusive of what you already
            have—establish suitable Magazines of provision—and make a collection of Boats proper for
            a descent. I am empowered to call for the Militia for the purpose above mentioned, by a
            Resolve of Congress of the 11th instant.
          You will not fail to make yourself fully master of the numbers and position of the
            Enemy by land, and of their Strength by Sea. Should nothing come of this Matter, it will
            answer this valuable ⟨pur⟩pose, that the enemy will be distracted and deceived, and will
            probably be off their guard, in respect to the defence of New York, should that
            ultimately be our real design.
          You should engage a number of Pilots well acquainted with the navigation of the Harbour
            of New port and of the adjacent Coast, and have them ready to go on board upon signals
            which will be thrown out by the French Admiral, and of which you will be advised. That
            you may have the earliest intelligence of his arrival, you should establish a Chain of
            Expresses from some commanding View upon the Coast to your Quarters. I need not
            recommend perfect secrecy to you, so far as respects any assistance from the French
            Fleet. Let your preparations carry all the appearance of dependance upon your own
            strength only. Lest you may think the Number of 5000 Men too few for the enterprise, I
            will just hint to you, that there are french Troops on board the Fleet, and some will be
            detatched from this Army, should there be occasion.
          I have it not in my power to be more explicit with you at present. But should the
            expedition against Rhode Island be finally determined upon, you may depend upon having
            every previous and necessary information for your Government. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt
            Servt

            Go: Washington

            P.S. As I have heard from you but once or twice since your arrival at Rhode Island, I
              am much at a loss for the situation of matters in that quarter. Be pleased therefore to inform me in your answer to this.


Title: General Orders, 18 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head-Quarters Haverstraw [N.Y.] July 18th 1778.
            ParoleC. Signs

          At a Brigade General Court-Martial in General Woodford’s Brigade held at Sloterdam Camp
            July 10th 1778—Lieutt Coll Cropper President, Ensign Cooper of the 15th Virginia
            Regiment tried for being drunk on the 6th instant and laying in the road in a shameful
            manner when he ought to have been with his Regiment, found guilty and sentenced to be
              cashiered.
          At the same Court Lieutt Burnly of the 7th Virginia Regiment tried for absenting
            himself from his command without leave; found guilty & sentenced to be
            discharged from the service.
          The Commander in Chief approves the sentences and orders them to take place.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Theodorick Bland, 18 July 1778
From: Bland, Theodorick
To: Washington, George

            Sr
            Petersburgh [Va.] July 18th 1778

          I was yesterday favord with yr Excellency’s letter of the 3d inst. dated from head
            Quarters Brunswic. With Respect to supplying Capt. Medici with money to proceed on his
            purchase and recruitg I am happy to have followed the mode you advise me to, but before
            the Rect of yours, I recd  a letter from Govr Caswell informing me
            that it was impossible to advance a Shilling at present from that state, there not being
            one third money enough to pay the Draughts their bounty. My ardent wish to reinforce the Army as speedily as possible with Cavalry induced me
            about a fortnight ago to send on a party of near Sixty Horses and thirty men, the latter
            not quite Cloathed and the former by no means equipt, except with the few articles of
            cloathing I could get in this part of the world; I however thought it more eligible to
            trust to the Chance of both than to detain them longer. I am in great expectation from
            present Prospects of sending on by the last of next week fifty or Sixty more horses; I
            have also orderd Capt. Medici to Send on fifteen of those he has purchased together with
            that Number of men, reserving to himself a small recruiting party; But if he cannot be
            supplyed with money, his stay in Carolina will be of very little service to the states,
            while that lasted he recruited and purchased rapidly after the enlarging his
            instructions. Enclosed yr Excellency will receive a return of the state and Condition of
            my Party and also of that of Capt. Medici. Yr Commands
            relative to my endeavoring to procure all the accoutrements in my power shall be
            punctually complyed with, but I fear unless I am speedily supplyed with money it will
            not be in my power to comply with all the Contracts I have already made or to continue
            purchasing horses, having not had more than one fourth of the last remittance to Col:
            Baylor, sent me, That Gentn having informd me that he had made use of the rest in his
            department. And I find it impossible to Borrow from the state, or the paymaster here I
            shd therefore be happy if yr Excellency wd order me to be furnished with about forty or
            fifty thousand Dollars. I beg leave to Congratulate yr Excellency on the Important
            Victory lately obtaind over the Enemy near Monmouth; and to assure you that I am with
            the greatest respect yr Excys most obedt Servt

            Theok Bland


Title: From George Washington to Vice Admiral d’Estaing, 18 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Estaing, Charles-Hector Théodat, comte d’

          Letter not found: to Vice Admiral d’Estaing, c.18 July 1778. On
            26 July, GW wrote d’Estaing: “I had the honor of writing you the inclosed Letter from
            Haverstraw Bay, which was intended to introduce Colonel Sears to your notice. This
            Gentlemen set out with Captain Dobbs.”


Title: From George Washington to William Greene, 18 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, William

            sir.
            Haverstraw [N.Y.] Head Quarters 18th July 1778

          I have the pleasure to congratulate you on the arrival of a French fleet at Sandy Hook
            under the command of Admiral Count d’Estaing for the purpose of co-operation with the
            American forces.
          Accounts from New-york speak of a Cork fleet which is hourly expected and for whose
            safety the enemy are extremely alarmed. It is probable that this fleet, as well as other
            vessels, to avoid the Count d’Estaign’s will be directed to take its course thro’ the
            sound. If this should be the case, it might answer the most valuable intentions, were
            the Eastern States to collect, immediately, all their frigates and privateers, to
            rendévous at some convenient place for interrupting their passage that way. Could the
            whole or any considerable part of this fleet be taken or destroyed it would be a fatal
            blow to the British army which it is supposed at this time have but a small stock of
            provisions on hand. I would therefore beg leave to recommend and urge the matter to your
            particular consideration, as a thing of the utmost importance to our cause at this
            critical conjuncture, from the proper execution of which we may derive the most solid
            advantages. I am Sir with all due respect your most obedient and very hble servt

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 18 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

            Dear sir.
            Head Quarters Haverstraw [N.Y.] 18 July 1778

          I was duly favoured with yours of the 29 and 30th Ultimo with that of the 7th Inst.
          I shall take the first opportunity of transmitting your packet to General Clinton.
          The French fleet are now laying off Sandy Hook. I congratulate you on this very
            important and fortunate event.

          As the Cork fleet is hourly expected with provisions for the British army; and it is
            probable they are directed to take their course thro’ the Sound in order to avoid the
            Count d’Estaing; I have written to the Eastern States proposing to them, to collect and
            rendevous their frigates and other vessels of force to interrupt their passage that
              way. If you can give any assistance in promoting so
            valuable a purpose it will be rendering the cause a very great service. I am Sir, your
            most obedient and very hble servt

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 18 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.

            Sir
            Head Quarters Haverstraw [N.Y.] 18th July—1778

          I did myself the Honor to transmit you, a few days ago, the accounts which I had then
            received of the arrival of a French Fleet upon the Coast. I soon after had the pleasure
            of receiving a Letter from the Admiral Count D’Estaing, dated off Sandy Hook, where he
            now lies with twelve sail of the Line and four Frigates. The British Fleet are within the Hook.
          I am so fully convinced of the advantages that will result from having all our
            Frigates, Privateers, and armed Vessels of every kind cruising off the East end of Long
            Island, that I have taken the liberty of mentioning it again to you, and have wrote to
            the same effect to the States of Rhode Island and Massachusetts. The British Fleet awed by the French, will be obliged to keep
            together, which will afford the noblest opportunity to our Cruisers to pick up whatever
            is inward bound. I have the Honor to be with great Respect and Esteem Sir your most
            obedient Servant

            G. Washington

            P.S. you will oblige me by forwarding the Letters to General Sullivan, Govr Greene, and the President of Massachusetts, by a
              fresh Express.


Title: To George Washington from Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 18 July 1778
From: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Lebanon [Conn.] 18th July 1778.

          Your Letter of the 14th inst. received this moment—have sent the intelligence contained
            in it to New London, where are four Privates to  Middletown and
            Hartford where a Number of Smal Armed Boats—have prepared Letters to Govr Green,
            & President Powel at Massachusetts—with the Same to go by Post Monday next.
          hope they may be so happy as to succeed in their Attempts to intercept The Cork
            Fleet.
          Colo. Jos. Trumbull is at my House very dangerously ill with a Relapse, look on his
            recovery very doubtfull. I am, with great Esteem & Regard Sir—Your most Obedt
            humble Servant

            Jonth; Trumbull

            P.S. I have no other than vague, uncertain Accounts of the Circumstances of
              your Success in the Jersies.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Thompson, 19 July 1778
From: Thompson, William
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Philada July 19th 1778.

          I expected before this time to have been made happy by the receipt of my Parole from
            New York, and can account for its delay upon no other Principle than the hurried and
            very particular situation of the British Forces at this time, which may perhaps have
            impeded the negotiation of that business. When it arrives at Camp I am well satisfied
            your Excelly will forward it to me with the necessary Expedition.
          The Honble the Congress having been pleased to assure me that my Rank in the Army is
            reserved for me, and being now just on the brink of entering into Service, I shall stand
            in need of two Aids de Camp. And for that purpose I have thought of appointing John
            Coats Esqr. who was formerly a Captain in 11th pennsylvania Regiment but who from a
            Wound he received, and some other Circumstances was under the necessity of resigning his
            Commission. When the particulars are considered that resignation I presume will be no
            impediment to his appointment, more especially when it is considered that the young
            Gentn had my Promise and was virtually in that Capacity some time previous to the
            resolution of Congress. George Noarth Deputy Muster Mr
            Genl was an early and faithful Volunteer of mine at Cambridge and is entitled to every
            Mark of Attention that I can pay him, and as he wishes to be as actively useful as
            possible, and now holds the rank of a Leiut. Colo. in the line of the Army, I have no
            doubt but as an encouragement to merit and a reward for his long and faithful Services
            your Excellency will indulge him with the same rank in my family.
          I request a Line from your Excellency upon this Subject and am Your most Obedt Hble
            Servt

            Wm Thompson


Title: General Orders, 20 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head-Quarters [Wright’s Mills, N.Y.] Monday
              July 20th 1778.
            Parole Carlisle—C. Signs Campton. Chester.

          The Right and Left Wings are to remain on their present ground ’till further orders—The
            Officers will see that their men wash their Cloathes, cleanse and put their Arms in good
            Order as soon as possible and carefully examine their Ammunition.
          The Commander in Chief directs that no drums beat after-Retreat-beating ’till Reveillee
            unless by a general Order—Commanding Officers of Regiments & Corps are desired
            to see this order punctually complied with.


Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 20 July 1778
From: Clinton, George
To: Washington, George

            Dr Sir
            Poughkeepsie [N.Y.] 20th July 1778

          By the enclosed Copy of a Petition & Letter which I received on my arrival
            here; Your Excellency will observe that the usurped Government of Vermont have sentenced
            sundry of the Inhabitants of this State to Banishment; which Sentence General Starke has
            contrary to his Duty undertaken to carry into execution, by forwarding the Petitioners
            down the River to Genl Gates to be sent to the Enemy.
            These unhappy People (whose pretended Crime I have some reason to believe is Attachment
            to this State only) before my arrival had passed this Place on their Passage down to the
            Enemy’s Lines. I must therefore beg that your Excellency will so far interpose in this
            Affair as to direct the Guard who may have them in charge to return with them to this
            Place and deliver them to the Commissioners of this State; And I flatter myself that
            your Excellency will not fail calling General Starke to account for his unwarrantable
            Conduct in this Instance. I have the honor to be Your Excllency’s Most Obedt servant

            Geo: Clinton


Title: To George Washington from Major General Horatio Gates, 20 July 1778
From: Gates, Horatio
To: Washington, George

          Letter not found: from Maj. Gen. Horatio Gates, 20 July 1778. On
            20 July, GW wrote Gates: “I have been favoured with your two Letters of to day, (one
            inclosing a return) for which I thank you.” Only one letter of 20 July from Gates has
            been found.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 20 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

            Sir
            [Westchester County, N.Y.] July 20: 1778

          I have been favoured with your two Letters of to day, (one inclosing a return) for
            which I thank you. I am now about Six miles from where
            the Court House at the plains was, & shall set
            out immediately for Reuben Rights, which will be my Quarters for the present. I am Sir
            Yr Most Obedt servt

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Hamilton, 20 July 1778
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Black Point [N.J.], July 20th 1778

          Inclosed I transmit your Excellency a letter from the Count Destain. He has had the River sounded and finds he cannot enter. He will
            sail for Rhode Island tomorrow evening; in the mean time he is making demonstrations to
            deceive the enemy and beget an opinion, that he intends to operate in this quarter. He
            would sail immediately but he waits the arrival, or to hear, of a frigate which carried
            Mr Gerard to Delaware, and which he appointed to meet him at Sandy Hook, so that he
            fears, his sudden and unexpected departure, before she arrives might cause her to be
              lost. He will not however wait longer than ’till
            tomorrow evening. We have agreed, that five cannon fired briskly shall be a signal of
            his arrival by day, and the same number, with five sky rockets a signal by night. In
            communicat⟨ing⟩ this, to General Sullivan, the Count wishes not a moment may be lost—and
            that he may be directed to have persons stationed on the Coast and intermediate
            expresses to facilitate the Communication between them. Pilots will be a material
            article. He begs every thing may be forwarded as much as possible; and as many troops
            collected as may be. He would be glad a detachment could march from your army, or could
            be sent by water, for which purpose he would send coverning ships, and some vessels he
            has taken by way of transports; but he cannot think of losing so much time as seems
            necessary. If the water scheme could shorten it, it would be a happy circumstance. He
            recommends it to your attention, and that you would take measures if the end can be
            better answered in this way. and meet him with information of the part he may have to
            act to execute the plan. I perceive he can with diff⟨iculty⟩ debark 4000 troops but he
            will try to do it. I am Sir Yr most Respectful & Obedt servant

            Alex. Hamilton

            I hope your Excellency will excuse my not being myself the bearer of these
              particulars the end may be answered by Letter. Mr Neville is anxious to get on—I just
              have heard of dispatches arrived from you; I don’t know but they may contain something
              new which may make the Count to wish a good conveyance, to return an answer. My stay
              till tomorrow morning may answer that end—I shall not delay coming forward.


Title: To George Washington from Major General John Sullivan, 20 July 1778
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

            Dear General
            Providence July 20th 1778

          I beg Leave to Inform you that about four Days Since twenty one Sail of Large
            Transports from Newyork arrived at Rhode Island with about two Thousand troops on Board
            They were at first Said to be Invalids but it Now appear that they are Effectives But
            mostly Foreigners They have Now about five Thousand
            Troops on the Islands & have Seven vessels of War Sloops & Small
            Frigates only they have in addition five Gallies They have of Late Made No Movement but
            it is probable they will Soon. I have the Honor to be with the Highest Respect your
            Excellenceys most obedt Servt

            Jno. Sullivan

            P.S. I most Sincerely Congratulate your Excellencey on the Late victory the
              Arrival of the French Fleet & the Favourable Aspect of our affairs at this
              time & most Earnestly wish that your Excellenceys Long Tryed Patience under
              The most Discouraging Misfortunes May be Rewarded with that Compleat Conquest which
              you have Long Sought & which Nothing but your Steady perseverance could
              obtain.

            J: S:


Title: General Orders, 21 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head Quarters Wrights-Mill [White Plains] Tuesday July 21st 1778.
            Parole Denmark—C. Signs Dedham. Dover.

          Durkee’s and late Chandler’s Regiments now in Varnums are to join Parsons’s Brigade
            immediately.
          A return of the Officers Names left in the Jersey’s to superinte[n]d the sick and now
            there to be made immediately.


Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 21 July 1778
From: Clinton, George
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir.
            Poughkeepsie [N.Y.] July 21st 1778

          I have this Moment received the disagreable Account of Springfield and Andreas Town on
            the Western Frontier of Tryon County being destroyed by the Enemy Copies and Extracts of
            the several Letters forwarded to me on that Subject and the Copy of a Letter from Colo.
            Vroman to General Ten Broeck containing Information of the Enemy’s being on their March
            up the west branch of Delaware River against that Place your Excellency will find
              enclosed. I am extreamly apprehensive that
            notwithstanding the utmost exertions we shall be able to make with the Militia, the
            Enemy will lay waste that fertile Country. By General Ten Broeck’s Letter your
            Excellency will please to observe that none of the Hampshire Militia are arrived at
            Albany and only about 30 of the Berkshire Militia and about 50 of Colo. Beedels Regiment
            are now at that Place. This unexpectedly being the Case I submit to your Excellency
            whether it would not be most adviseable to hasten the March of Lieut. Colo. Butlers
            Regiment, and instead of halting them at Wawarsink let them proceed immediately at least
            as far North as Schoharie as it is most probable the next attempt of the Enemy will be
            against that Settlement. I am with the highest Esteem Your Excellency’s most Obedt
            Servt

            Geo. Clinton


Title: From George Washington to the Commanding Officer at West Point, 21 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Commanding Officer at West Point

            Sir
            Head Qrs [White Plains] July 21: 1778

          Captain Clark will deliver you this, with Eight
            persons (two with families) who have been sent from Bennington under sentence of
            banishment into the Enemys lines. There names are at the Bottom. As I have received a Letter from Governor Clinton, with a Copy
            of a petition from the prisoners and of a Letter from the Committee of Albany, all
            remonstrating against the proceedings had against these Men; and as I am determined not to involve myself in any dispute
            about matters, with which I have nothing to do, I have resolved to lay the affair before
            Congress by the first opportunity, that they may determine upon it, as they shall think
            proper. In the mean time, you will take charge of the  prisoners and
            supply them with provisions; allowing them such indulgencies as may be reasonable. I do
            not wish or mean that their confinement should be close or rigorous—Yet they must not be
            suffered to escape. I am Sir Yr Most Hble sert

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 21 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

            Sir
            Head Qrs [White Plains] July the 21st 1778

          I have been favoured with yours of this date with the Inclosures, respecting the
            prisoners sent from Bennington. previous to it’s coming
            to hand, I received a Letter from Governor Clinton, with a Copy of an Address from the
            prisoners to him & of a Letter from the Committee of Albany; all remonstrating
            against the proceedings had against these men. Under
            these circumstances, as I am determined not to involve myself in any dispute, not coming
            properly within my cognisance, I shall order the men to West point, there to remain
            under the care of the Commanding Officer at that post, till the pleasure of Congress is
            known upon the subject, to whom I shall transmit all the papers, which I have received
            relating to it, by the first opportunity. I am Sir Yr Most Obedt servt

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 21 July 1778
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Camp at the [White] Plains July 21. 1778

          Your Excellency has made me very unhappy. I can submit very patiently to deserved
            censure; but it wounds my feelings exceedingly to meet with a rebuke, for doing what I
            conceivd to be a proper part of my duty; and in the order of things.
          When I left your Excellency at Haverstraw you desird me to go forward and reconnoiter
            the Country, and fix upon some proper position to draw the troops together at. I was a stranger to all this part of the Country and could form
            no judgment of a proper place until I had thoroughly examined the ground.
          Croten River was the only place that I could find suitable for the purpose all
            circumstances being taken into consideration. I wrote your Excellency what I had done,
            and where I was, that if you had any thing in charge I might receive your orders. I
            wrote you the reasons for my not waiting upon you in person were I had many Letters to
            answer and many matters to regulate in my department which prevented me from
              returning. Besides which it was almost half a days
            ride the Weather exceeding hot and my self not a little fatigued. And here I must
            observe that neither my constitution or strength are equal to constant exercise.
          As I was a stranger to all the lower Country I thought it absolutely necessary for me
            to come forward. A thorough knowledge of a Country is not easily obtaind. such a one at
            least as is necessary to fix upon the most elligible position for forming a Camp.
          The security of the Army, the ease and convenience of the troops as well as a desire to
            perform the duties of my office with a degree of reputation all conspird to make me wish
            to fix upon the properest ground for the purpose. This it was impossible for me to do
            unless I came on before the Troops. And I must confess I saw no objection, as your
            Excellency had wrote me nothing to the contrary, and what I wrote naturally led to such
            a measure.
          I expected you on every hour and was impatient to get forward, that I might be able to
            give some account of the Country when you came up. Before I left Crumpond I desird Mr
            Pettit to wait upon you at your arrival and take your orders; and if there was any thing
            special to forward it by express.
          If I had neglected my duty in pursuit of pleasure or if I had been wanting in respect
            to your Excellency I would have put my hand upon my mouth and been silent upon the
            ocasion but as I am not conscious of being chargeable with either the one or the other,
            I cannot help thinking I have been treated with a degree of severity, that I am in no
            respect deserveing of.

          And I would just observe here that it is impossible for me to do my duty if I am always
            at Head quarters. I have ever given my attendance there as much as possible both from a
            sense of duty and from inclination; but constant attendance is out of my power unless I
            neglect all other matters. The propriety of which, and the consequences that will follow
            I submit to your Excellencys consideration.
          Your Excellency well knows how I came into this department. It was by your special
            request; and you must be sensible there is no other man upon Earth could have brought me
            into the business but you. The distress the department was in the disgrace that must
            accompany your operations without a change; and the difficulty of engageing a person
            capable of conducting the business, together with the hopes of meeting your approbation
            and haveing your full aid and assistance reconcild me to the undertakeing.
          I flatter my self when your Excellency takes a view of the state ⟨mutilated⟩ things were in when I first engagd; and consider the short ⟨time⟩ we
            had to make the preparations for the opening Campaign and reflect with what ease and
            facillity you began your march from Valley Forge; and continued it all through the
            Country. Notwithstanding we went great part of the way entirely out of the line of
            preparations. You will do me the justice to say I have not been negligent or inattentive
            to my duty.
          I have in every respect since I had my appointment strove to accomodate the business of
            the department to the plan of your Excellencys opperations. And I can say with great
            truth that ever since I had the honour to serve under you, I have been more attentive to
            the public interest and more engagd in the support of your Excellencys charactor, than
            ever I was to my own ease interest or Reputation.
          I have never solicited you for a furlough to go home to indulge in pleasure or to
            improve my interest which by the by, I have neglected going on four Years. I have never
            confind my self to my particular line of duty only. Neither Have I ever spard my self
            either by Night or Day, where it has been necessary to promote the public service under
            your direction. I have never been troublesome to your Excellency to publish any thing to
            my advantage. Altho I think my self as justly entitled as some others who have been much
            more fortunate. Particularly in the action of Brandywine.
          I have never sufferd my pleasures to interfere with my duty; and I am perswaded I have
            given too many unequivocal proofs of my attachment to your person and interest to leave
            a doubt upon your mind to the contrary. I have always given you my opinion with great
            candour and executed your orders with equal fidelity. I do not mean to arrogate to  my self more merit than I deserve or wish to exculpate myself from
            being cha[r]geable with error and in some instances negligence⟨.⟩ However I can speak
            with a becoming pride, that I have always endeavord to deserve the public esteem and
            your Excellencys approbation.
          As I came into the quarter masters department with reluctance so I shall leave it with
            pleasure. Your influence brought me in and the want of your approbation will induce me
            to go out.
          I am very sensible of many deficiencies; but this is not so justly chargeable to my
            intentions as to the difficult circumstances attending the business. It is almost
            impossible to get good men for the conducting all parts of so complex a business. It may
            therefore naturally be expected that many things will wear an unfavorable complexion;
            but let who will under take the business they will find it very difficult not to say
            impossible to regulate it in such a manner as not to leave a door open for censure and
            furnish a handle for reproach. I am with all due respect your Excellencys most Obedient
            humble Servt

            Nath. Greene


Title: From George Washington to Major General Nathanael Greene, 21 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

            Dear Sir,
            [White Plains, 21 July 1778]

          I cannot at this time ⟨(h⟩aving many People round me, & ⟨Lett⟩ers by the
            Southern Post to read) go fully in⟨to⟩ the cont⟨ents⟩ of yours of this date, ⟨but⟩ with
            ⟨ the ⟩ same truth I have ever done, I still ass⟨ur⟩e you, that you retain the same hold
            of my affections that I have professed to allow you—With equal truth I can, and do
            assure you⟨,⟩ that I have ever been happy in your friendship, & have no scruples
            in declar⟨ing⟩, that I think myself indebted to your Abilities, honour, and candor—to
            your attachment to me, and your faithf⟨ul⟩ Services to the Public, in every capacity you
            have served it since we have been together in the army—But my dear Sir, these must not
            debar me the priviledges of a friend (for it was the voice of friendship that spoke to
            you) when I complained of Neglect—I was four or five days without seeing a single person
            in your department, and at a time when I wished for you in two capacities, having  business of the utmost importance to settle wi⟨th⟩ th⟨e⟩ Count de
            Estaign (which made it ⟨neces⟩sary for me to see you as Qr Mr Genl &) wch kept
            me closely engaged at Have⟨r⟩straw till the mom⟨ent⟩ I crossed the No. ⟨R.⟩—But let me
            beseech you my dear Sir—not to harbor any distrusts of my friendship, or conceive that I
            meant to wound the feelings of a Person who⟨m⟩ I greatly este⟨em⟩ & regard—I
            speak to you freely—I speak the language of sincerety, & should be sorry if any
            Jealousy should be entertained, as I shall ever say more (in matters of this kind) to
            you, than to others of you, being very truely Yr Obedt & Affecte

            Go: Washington