Title: General Orders, 7 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

                        Head-Quarters V. Forge Thirsday May 7th 1778.
                        Parole Guilford—C. Signs Grantham Gates.

                    William Barber Esquire is appointed Aide de-Camp to Major General Lord Stirling, vice Major McWilliams who has resigned and is to be respected accordingly.
                    The Honorable Congress have been pleased by their resolution of the 3rd of February last to require all Officers as well civil as military, holding Commissions under them to take & subscribe the following Oath or Affirmation according to the Circumstances of the Parties.
                    “I  do acknowledge The United States of America to be Free, Independent and Sovereign States and declare that the People thereof owe no Allegiance or Obedience to George the Third King of Great-Britain and I renounce refuse and abjure any Allegiance or Obedience to him, and I do swear (or affirm) that I will to the utmost of my Power support, maintain & defend the said United States against the said King George the third, his heirs and Successors & his and their Abettors, Assistants and Adherents and will serve the said United States in the Office of  which I now hold with Fidelity according to the best of my skill and understanding. Sworn before me at  this day of  A.D.[”]
                    In order to accomplish this very interesting & essential work as early as possible the following Officers are to administer the Oath and grant Certificates to the Officers of the divisions, Brigade or Corps set against their names including the Staff—Major General Lord Stirling to the Officers of Late Conway’s Brigade—Major General Marquis De la Fayette to those of Woodford’s & Scott’s Brigades—Major General Baron De Kalb to those of Glover’s and Larned’s Brigades—General McIntosh to those of his own Brigade—Genl Maxwell to those of his own Brigade—Brigadier General Knox to those of the Artillery in Camp and Officers of Military Stores—General Poor to those of his own Brigade—General Varnum to those of his own and Genl Huntington’s Brigade—Brigadier General Paterson to those of his own Brigade— Brigadier General Wayne to those of the 1st and second Pennsylvania Brigades—General Muhlenberg to those of his own & Weedon’s Brigade—Printed Copies of the Oath will be immediately lodged in the hands of the Major & Brigadiers General to facilitate the business.
                    The Generals administring the Oath are to take Duplicates of the same and to grant Certificates when it was made—In the begining of the Oath the Name Rank & Corps of the Party making it are to be inserted—The Duplicate of the Oath & Certificate is to be returned to Head Quarters by the Generals, who will also keep those respecting the Officers of each Regiment by themselves that an Arrangement of the whole may be made out with greater ease & Accuracy.
                    Major General Greene is to administer the same Oath and to grant the like Certificates to the Officers in his department.
                    The Commissaries of Provisions both Issuing and Purchacing and to the Commissary of Forage and his Deputies; besides which he is to administer to the said officers the following Oath and to grant duplicate Certificates.
                    I  do swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully truly and impartially execute the Office of  to which I am appointed and render a true Account when thereunto required of all publick Monies by me received or expended and of all stores or other effects to me intrusted which belong to The United States and will in all respects discharge the Trust reposed in me with Justice and Integrity according to the best of my Skill and understanding.
                    The Commander in Chief in a season of General Joy takes occasion to proclaim Pardon & Releasement to all Prisoners whatever now in Confinement whether in the Provost or any other place—this he is induced to do from a desire that the Influence of our prosperity may be as extensive as possible and from an unwillingness that even those who merit Punishment rather than favor, should be excluded from the benefit of an Event so interesting to mankind as that which has lately happened in the Affairs of America—He hopes the Indulgence will not be abused but will excite Gratitude in all those who are objects of it, and produce a Change of Conduct & an Abhorrence of every Practice inconsistent with the duty they owe to their Country.
                    The Commander in Chief takes particular Pleasure in acquainting the Army that their Conduct yesterday afforded him the highest Satisfaction; The Exactness and order with which their Movements were performed is a pleasing Evidence of the Progress they are making in military Improvement, and an earnest of the pleasing Perfection to which they will shortly arrive, with a Continuance of that laudable Zeal and Emulation which so happily prevails; The General at the same time presents his thanks to Baron Steuben and the Gentlemen under  him for the indefatigable Exertions in the duties of their Office, the good effects of which are already so apparent, and for the Care, Activity and Propriety manifested in conducting the business of yesterday.


Title: To George Washington from Landon Carter, 7 May 1778
From: Carter, Landon
To: Washington, George

                        My dear General
                        Sabine Hall [Va.] May 7. 1778

                    I have often set down to entertain Mine and my Countrys fri⟨ends⟩ with what should come upermost, by some of these slow movers, tho’ charming officers, rather than not entitle my self to an enquiry how he does; an inquiry which heaven seems to demand of All America, as out of respect to her chosen servant inspired to redeem her from an Approaching Slavery; but an old Companion set—I call age, loaded with infirmity, has as often given a negative to every endeavour, by the most trembling nerves imaginable ⟨on⟩ a Pen. However such is my esteem for you, that I cannot refrain the attempt tho’ it should puzzle you to read me; and altho I wrote by Colo. R.H. Lee returning to congress last month; especially as that letter may be still on its Journey, by means of his brother Colo. Tom’s death; who poor Gentleman fell by the modes of his own Charitable humanity, convincing or rather deceiving him, through inflammatory fevers, whether of the infectious or of the eruptive kind or not, ought to be treated in the cold way: So that a Peripneumony endest his days, with every door and window opend upon him, in cold damp weather. It has not been so with me. He inoculated his hundreds witho. a single loss. And I thank my God I have had my hundreds as well as myself in the Peripneumonic Stile, with the same success; for at the same time I was condemning too cold a regimen, I never could admit of too hot a one; for with me it seem’d equal, to burn a patient to death, as it must be to freeze him out of the world.
                    I lately saw an exhibition of the Chief commander of our enimys army, under the hands of his Secretary McKensie; and can venture to assert it to be the same, which Lord Howe brot over; an ⟨un⟩declaratory bill, exactly similar to what passd at the repeal of the Stamp act. That while inexpediency made it necessary to repeal the Stamp act, The declaratory bill should foreclose our rights to have it repealed; and confirm the despotic Supremacy over us in Parliament. And we see how soon that Sugar plum in the repeal, dissolvd into all the bitterness of Slavery; for they not only continued to tax agst the constitution, but  to oppress us with Squadrons and Armies, Joind with all the military hardships of an excruciating Gage. Just so this playcard now publishd, was evidently intended. At first they were to attempt to fun us into asking Pardon, with an unconditional Submission; and if that should not deceive us into a Stupid compliance; then they were to try (if they found us disposd to resist their arbitary designs) to annihilate and destroy us according to our resolutions to defend our freedom; and if that should not succeed; this Paper was to offer us, not so much as what we constantly Petitiond for (to be as we were in 63) for then no Parliamentary declaration of their Supremacy ever appeard. But now after all the injuries sustaind, in every distructive manner imaginable, we are to be indulged with a temporary Power of taxing our Selves; and no doubt as soon as they can recover from their most evident decline; Should we be lulld in the cradles of a most treacherous offer of Peace, and have quite lost the sweets of an approaching establishmt of our own real one, Supported by our own resolutions, out comes some Parliamentary edict, by their despotic bribery to reduce us to an Unconditional Slavery. A Gall so Evidently out of the channels of Justice, that I cannot help saying with the Reverend Dr Coombes, that it must be high treason against Posterity, to be otherwise affected by it, than with the Utmost contempt of that, and every thing so abandonned as it certainly is, to the vilest chicanery that ever was attempted to be ⟨illegible⟩ on a human creature. In short old as I am, & infirm to boot, If I knew the way to hell, I would hobble out to throw ⟨the monster⟩ of an American in that ⟨illegible⟩ if I could do it; be he even of Congress or not. I mention that body, because I have heard that Willings Partner & Agent, has been secretly Preparing to lead on this confusion in Sentiment amongst the Members of that board: God knows how true it may be; but all things are to be suspected from any great adept in Mercantile Arts; and it is one of that sort that I mean. Where Gain is the deity worshipd, All hell are engagd to promote and reward the adoration—Again I hear from the Southward, tho whilst I relate it, I am inclin’d to suspect the truth of it; and only tell it, as a tacit confirmation of what my own reason makes consistant, that this report, and this exhibition exactly square with the evident difficulty they are under to send over any more recruits, that can be of any consequence against now a well Provd American army. They who wanted to Crush us with blood, theft, and murder, would not now be for withdrawing their intentions, were they not convinc’d, that their utmost efforts would be in vain. The report is then “A Vote has passd in Parliamt, to make peace with America on any terms even allowing her independency; Provided America will cede her trade to them alone.” It seems Chatham said their Squadrons could confine that trade to Britain alone; and Shelburne was convinc’d  that the Americans would be willing to have the act of navigation revivd upon them. As to Chatham let him say what he will, ever so inconsistant, his argument shews the Peace he means, is no Peace at all; for if our trade is to be interrupted with other states, will not our trade wth them pay the expences of these obstructing squadrons, by the duties laid on what we import to them, and they export to us? May I not then ask that good man, Whether there is not full as much Justice in the origination of this american War, as there can be in a peace so attended? Justice can not be confind to the constitution, of a particular State, alone; because right and wrong are constitutional, and anticonstitutional to the whole race of mankind. As to Shelburne. I hope he did not get his conjecture from America; other wise it is very foolish indeed; for what sort of a p⟨eace⟩ can that be, under a confind trade? No, No, as we have so nobly and so successfully resisted our Slavery, let us not affront the hand of heaven, which must have assisted in Supporting our Justice, by any folly on our side of the kind. A commercial treaty as with other nations, or no treaty at all. Such ⟨Creatures are⟩ not to be trusted with any implied conclusions—As to your ⟨illegible⟩ army; tho’ I hear a great deal, I believe nothing, either as to its numbers, or its smallness. A femail Politician Madam tayloe by name, sometimes tells me it is but 4000, sometimes 8000 strong; and Howes full 20,000, and this from Undoubted Authority. Madam I said, Why then does not ⟨illegible⟩ arise to kill and eat Washington up. Indeed with a son in Law a Tory R. ⟨Worm⟩ley junr, and a brother in law R. Corbin a grand one, Joind with her ⟨immediately⟩, makes & changes her, just as their letters get to hand; ⟨to say⟩ nothing of the hasty fears of Congress also—This letter comes by one Robert Faunteleroy a Lieut. in your Army. He went into it with a Patriotic as well as a youthful Zeal, nothing attachd to gain; therefore I hope he must have behavd well; and that he injoys the Countenance of his dear General as well as of those who immediately command him, which I really ⟨Shd⟩ be glad to hear, for I know his ⟨relation⟩ is equally anxious with others. Now my dear General, let me suppose I have tired you, And Conclude Your devoted well wisher & most Obedient Servant & friend

                        Landon Carter Anno ⟨illegible⟩ 69.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Benjamin Lincoln, 7 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Lincoln, Benjamin

                        My dear Sir,
                        Valley-forge May 7th 1778.

                    A Gentleman of France having, obligingly, sent me three setts of Epaulets & Sword knotts, two of them professedly to be disposed of to any friend, I should choose I take the liberty of presenting them to you, and Genl Arnold, as a testimony of my sincere regard, and approbation of your conduct.
                    Nothing would give me more pleasure than to hear of your perfect recovery, as I am with the most affecte esteem & regard Dr Sir Yr Obedt

                        Go. Washington


Title: General Orders, 8 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

                        Head-Quarters V. Forge Friday May 8th 1778.
                        Parole Hingham—C. Signs Haverstraw. Hopkintown.


Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 8 May 1778
From: Clinton, George
To: Washington, George

                        Dear Sir
                        Poukeepsie [N.Y.] May 8th 1778

                    I have received your Excellency’s Letters of the 24th & 30th of April last. In consequence of the first I have given Colo. Cooper, who lives in the Neighbourhood of Capt. Lieut. Crane, directions to use every Means in his Power to recover the Box, alluded to, with it’s Contents.
                    I shall be happy if my apprehension of Danger from the Enemy on the Northern & Western frontiers of this State should prove groundless; so that the whole of the continental Troops may be employed in this Quarter. And for this purpose I have made the best Disposition of the Militia, there, in my Power. The Drafts for filling up the five continental  Battalions of this State are nearly compleated, and some of them already on their March for East Town. Many of them could they have been permitted to choose their Regiments immediately on being drafted, would have enlisted to serve during the War; which would have been very much to the public Advantage. Some few who were very solicitous upon the Occasion have had my consent so to do.
                    Colo. Malcom waited upon me two Days since to know whether some thing could not be done in this State, towards filling up his Regiment. The Legislature conceiving themselves in honor bound to use every exertion in their Power, towards compleating their five Battalions, even which, from the weak condition of the State might be difficult to accomplish, could not think it expedient to give the same Encouragement to any other Regiment untill those were compleated. I am nevertheless persuaded that if Colo. Malcom’s Regiment was in this Department, from the Connection and Influence of his Officers, he would be able to get a number of Recruits from the Militia who are frequently called into Service; and I have not a doubt, but that Colo. Cortlands Regiment (had it continued here) might have been compleated in that Way; as I find the People of Westchester County much disposed to join his Regiment. Every Service which I can render Colo. Malcom towards recruiting his Regiment will be most chearfully granted to him. I am with great Respect and Esteem Your Excellency’s most Obedient Servant

                        Geo. Clinton


Title: Council of War, 8 May 1778
From: Council of War
To:

                        [Valley Forge, 8 May 1778]

                    In a Council of War held at Head Quarters at Valley Forge the 8th day of May 1778, agreeable to two Resolutions of Congress dated the 18th and 27th of April.
                    Present
                    His Excellency The Commander in Chief

                            Major Generals
                            Gates
                            Brig: Generals Knox

                            Greene
                                                        Duportail

                            Stirling

                            Mifflin

                            Dela Fayette

                            De Kalb

                            Armstrong

                            Steuben

                    The Commander in Chief informs the Council.
                    That the enemy’s whole force within these States is distributed into three divisions, one at Philadelphia, one at New York and its dependencies, and one at Rhode Island, amounting, according to the best estimate he can form, to between sixteen and seventeen thousand rank and file, fit for the field, exclusive of horse and Artillery.
                    Their whole force in Philadelphia, consisting of the flower of their army is about 10,000 rank and file, exclusive of Marines and New levies, fortified by a strong chain of redoubts from Schuylkil to Delaware, with a small detached work at Bilingsport.
                    At New York, Long Island and Staten Island they have about 4000, rank and file, composed of a few British regiments, some German corps and new levies. The city is secured by shipping in front and on both flanks, and in the rear by Haerlæm River, by the forts, Independence and Washington, and by a country difficult of access.
                    At Rhode Island they have about 2000, mostly Germans. What fortifications, they may have raised, for their defence, is not particularly known; but they derive their principal security from the insular situation of the post and the protection of their Shipping.
                    He is not sufficiently acquainted with the general complexion of European intelligence, to be able to form any precise judgment of the reinforcements, which the enemy may expect this Campaign, or at what time they will arrive. But from such appearances as have fallen within his view, and supposing that England will be, in some measure, governed, by the rules of prudence, and by a regard to her own honor, interest and safety and to the safety of her possessions abroad, He is led to conjecture they will, probably, not be very large, nor very early.
                    The Commander in Chief further informs them.
                    That the whole of our Continental force hitherto assembled lies in the States of Pensylvania and Delaware, and on the North River, and amounts to about Fifteen thousand rank and file, fit for the field, besides horse and Artillery.
                    The main body lies at this post, Valley forge, and in its vicinity, amounting to about 11,800 rank and file, capable of service; comprehending such of the sick present and on command, as might be called into action on any emergency, as per general return herewith submitted dated the 2d instant.
                    The detachment at Wilmington in Delaware state is about 1400—comprehending a like proportion of sick present and on command, as above.
                    From the best judgment he can form not having had any late returns from that quarter, he imagines the force on the North River, at Fish Kill and its dependencies, may be about 1800—rank and file, fit for duty.

                    With respect to the reinforcements of Continental troops to be hereafter expected, he is destitute of any information, from the different states, on which dependence may be placed; but judging of the future from the past, there will not be more in the field from every quarter, than abt 20,000 rank and file, fit for duty; unless the favourable events, which have lately taken place, in our political system, should stimulate the states to greater and more successful executions, than have been heretofore made.
                    The succours of Militia, which may be occasionally drawn to the aid of the army, will not admit of an exact calculation. Notwithstanding the most pressing applications—a greater number could not be collected at any time in the course of the last campaign to reinforce the Southern army, than between three and four thousand men; and generally there was far short of three thousand. With the Northern army there was about .
                    What quantity of ordnance, small arms and military stores our magazines will afford for the use of the ensuing campaign, He is unable to decide; but imagines there will not be a sufficiency for any regular siege, if there is for the contingencies of the field.
                    In regard to supplies of provisions, The Commissary’s department has been for some time past in such a defective and disordered state, that no accurate estimate can be formed. The Gentleman lately appointed to the head of it, reports, that his prospects are tolerably good, though he cannot with any precision ascertain their extent.
                    Having stated these particulars for the consideration of the Council, The Commander in Chief requests, that after a full and candid discussion of the matter in council, each member would furnish him with his sentiments in writing on some general plan, which, considering all circumstance⟨s,⟩ ought to be adopted for the operations of the next campaign.


Title: To George Washington from John Augustine Washington, 8 May 1778
From: Washington, John Augustine
To: Washington, George

                    Letter not found: from John Augustine Washington, 8 May 1778. On 10 June, GW acknowledged receipt of a letter from John Augustine Washington of the “8th of May from Berkeley.”


Title: General Orders, 9 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

                        Head-Quarters V. Forge Saturday May 9th 1778.
                        Parole Independence—C. Signs India—Jinkintown.

                    The hours appointed for the Exercise of the Troops having been changed makes it necessary to alter the hours appointed for the Drummers to practise which will for the future be from five to six in the morning and from four to five in the afternoon, any Drummer that shall be found practising at any other than the time mentioned above shall be severely punished—The Adjutants of the several Regiments are to pay particular Attention to this order as they will be answerable for the Execution of it.
                    The use of Drums are as signals to the Army and if every Drummer is allowed to beat at his pleasure, the Intention is entirely destroy’d, as it will be impossible to distinguish whether they are beating for their own pleasure or for a signal to the Troops.
                    Congress has been pleased to appoint Baron De Steuben Inspector General with the Rank of Major General and the Commander in Chief being vested with Power to appoint the Inspectors and Brigade Inspectors, He continues in office those who have already been nominated & appointed.
                    The languid Progress of essential works of Defence which have been traced by the Engineers gives the Commander in Chief great Concern—He calls upon those Officers who superintend them to use their utmost Exertions to have them completed without loss of time.
                    At a General Court-Martial Coll Febiger President May 5th 1778—Robert Anderson late Waggon-Master in the Marquis’s Division tried for selling a Rifle marked U.S. found guilty and sentenced to redeem the Rifle and Return it to the first Pennsylvania Regiment to which the Person who lately had it in Possession belonged—Approved and ordered to take place.
                    At the same Court Lieutt McDonald of the 3rd Pennsylvania Regiment tried for absenting himself from his Regiment without the consent of his commanding Officer; Upon mature Consideration of the Charge and Evidence the Court are of opinion that the Prisoners justification is sufficient and do acquit him of the Charge exhibited against him.
                    The Commander in Chief confirms the opinion of the Court and orders Lieutt McDonnald to be released from his Arrest.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philemon Dickinson, 9 May 1778
From: Dickinson, Philemon
To: Washington, George

                        Dear Sir
                        Trenton [N.J.] May 9th 1778

                    Yesterday morning the Enemy came up the River with five armed Vessells, & between twenty & thirty flat bottom’d Boats—they landed at Bordentown & burnt two of Mr Bordens Houses, the two Frigates, & a great Number of other Vessells that were lodged in the different  Creeks—they then proceeded up the River, to the lower end of Biles Island, where they remained all night—the few men I had collected, I kept constantly employ’d during the night, in keeping up a greater number of Fires, than I had men, which I believe had the desired Effect, nothing but appearances protected us. This morning early they advanced about half a mile higher up, upon which I order’d down two field pieces, & exchanged many shot with the Galleys, during which time the men were paraded to the most advantage on the Hill—the Militia are slow in their motions, but begin now to quicken—I believe the Enemy will proceed no further, some of their Boats are going down—they have burnt all Mr Kirkbrides Buildings.
                    Would it not be proper to establish a Post at some convenient Place below Burlington, or where ever your Excellency thinks most suitable, I have wrote the Governor on the Subject, but beg to have your Excellency’s Opinion—The Enemy’s strength from the best Information, consisted of 1,000 men, chiefly Light Infantry, with two field Pieces.
                    Your Excellency may be assured of recieving the earliest Intelligence of every movement of Consequence, from Your Excellency’s, Most Ob. Servt

                        Philemon Dickinson


Title: To George Washington from Henry Laurens, 9 May 1778
From: Laurens, Henry
To: Washington, George

                        Sir.
                        York Town [Pa.] 9th May 1778

                    My last to Your Excellency was dated the 6th by Sharp.
                    This will be accompanied by a Petition of Lt Colo. Dircks which I am directed to transmit & to request Your Excellency will do or advise therein as Your Excellency shall judge conducive to public service.
                    Also by, several printed Acts of Congress of the 6th Instant contained in a pennsylvania Gazette announcing such parts of the Treaty of Paris of the 6th ffebruary as are necessary for public information & the Government of conduct in particular Cases. I have the honor to be With the highest Esteem & Regard Sir Your Excellency’s Most Obedient servt

                        Henry Laurens. President of Congress.


Title: To George Washington from Robert Morris, 9 May 1778
From: Morris, Robert
To: Washington, George

                        Dear Sir
                        Manheim in Pensylva May 9th 1778

                    I was honoured with yours of the 27th Ulto which needs no reply, I also rec’d your answer to what I had wrote respecting Colo. Armand & did not think it necessary to trouble you further on that Subject.
                    In a letter from my Friend Isaac Governeur Esqr. dated Curracoa 11th Feby 1778, which reached me a few days since, is the following paragraph “there is also a small Box Containing one dozn Bottles of Constantia Wine, its made at the Cape of Good Hope is an excellent Stomatick & very refreshing when fatigued its directed to his Excelly Genl Washington & begs his acceptance hopeing he will pardon the Freedom.”
                    I believe this Box has been landed in North Carolina under the care of Jos. Hewes Esqr. and I will desire him to send it forward by the first safe Conveyance—when I congratulated your Excelly on the great good News lately received from France, you will not expect me to express my Feelings, was I in your Company my Countenance might shew, but my pen cannot express them. Most sincerely do I give you joy, Our Independance is undoubtedly Secured, our Country must be Free & to compleat this Work I most ardently pray, that Victory may be your Handmaid the ensuing Campaign. With the most perfect esteem I remain Your Excellys Obedient hble servt

                        Robt Morris


Title: To George Washington from General William Howe, 10 May 1778
From: Howe, William
To: Washington, George

                        Sir
                        Philada 10th May 1778.

                    Notwithstanding the ineffectual overtures that have been hitherto made for the Release of prisoners, and for establishing a permanent Cartel which might regulate the Exchange of such as may be captured  in future, I am induced from an apprehension of the sufferings of the unfortunate men in my possession during the approaching hot season, from the wants of those in yours, and from the disappointments I have experienced in sending supplies to them, to trouble you with one more proposal which is that all prisoners in the actual possession of either party, all prisoners on parole, and all such as are indisputably exchangeable, be immediately sent in to the most contiguous posts of either Army, and that there shall be returned Officer for Officer of equal rank, and Soldier for Soldier, as far as numbers will permit. That the Benefit of this exchange may be extended as far as possible I would further submit that an equivalent be given in Men for commissioned Officers, in such proportions as were proposed in my late instructions to Colonels O’Hara and Stephens and Lt Colo. Fitzpatrick, a Copy of which was given to your Commissioners.
                    You will be pleased Sir to consider this a final proposal on my part, and as your answer will determine my expectations relative to the exchange of prisoners, I beg to be favd with it as early as you possibly can. Mr Joshua Loring Commissary General of prisoners will be in readiness to meet Mr Boudinot or any person you may appoint at the shortest warning to make the necessary arrangements. With due Respect I am Sir Your most obt Servt

                        W. Howe.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Stirling, 10 May 1778
From: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)
To: Washington, George

                    Letter not found: from Major General Stirling, 10 May 1778. On 11 May, GW wrote Stirling: “I have received your Letter of yesterdays date.”


Title: To George Washington from Jean-Baptiste-Lazare Théveneau de Francy, 10 May 1778
From: Francy, Jean-Baptiste-Lazare Théveneau de
To: Washington, George

                        Honorable Sir.
                        york town [Pa.] May 10th 1778.

                    i have been honoured by your favour of the 1st instant, inclosing a letter for Mr Penet, which i have Sent yesterday to Portsmouth, having there a Vessel of mine who Shall Sail immediately for france. i heartily wish you would give me the means of proving your excellency my zeal & my most respectful regard in applying to me for whatever may be of my province. if i had not been afraid of making you lose Some of those moments which you have entirely Sacrificed to the public welfare, i Should have had the honour of writing you, Since i have this of being acquainted with your excellency. the Kind & most Civil treatment which i have met with, in your quarter the different times i was there,  required my most Sincere thanks, but Knowing how much all your time was taken up by the most important business, i did not chuse to trouble you by a mere Complimental letter, & i Contented myself of admiring in Silence the great man or rather the redeemer of his patry. but the letter your excellency did honoured me with, & the happy event of an alliance between America & france, force me to express my Sentiments, & i make use of the opportunity to renew you my best thanks & beg again earnestly of your Excellency that you might have agreable the tenders which i have made to you for what ever it may be in my power to do.
                    i hope you will have a little more rest this Campaign than the three last; france has taken up the dice now, & as you leave us the game in a very good way, it is to be Supposed we Shall not lose it.
                    the bearer of this Major Des Epiniers is the neveu of the chief member of the house which i represent here; his name is Beaumarchais, & he has been Known in france from the beginning of the present war to be one of the most zealous & warmest partisans of America, may i take the liberty of recommending his neveu to your notice.
                    Will you be pleased to present my most humble respects to your lady, & my best Compliments to all your family. I have the honour to be with the greatest respect Honorable Sir your most obedient & Very humble Servant

                        De francy

                        P.S. captain Landais thankfull for your civilities, while he was at camp begs leave to me remembered most respectully to your excellency.


Title: General Orders, 11 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

                        Head-Quarters V. Forge Monday May 11th 1778.
                        Parole Lebanon—C. Signs Liberty. Lynn.

                    A Court of Enquiry to sit tomorrow morning nine ôClock at General Varnum’s Hut to take into Consideration a Complaint exhibited by Coll Greene against Coll Steward—Brigadier General Varnum is appointed President—Colonels Grayson & Biggelow Lieutena[n]t Colonels Wiessenfels and Brearly & Major Ward will attend as Members.
                    The General Officers are requested to attend at Head-Quarters tomorrow at eleven ôClock in the forenoon, that they may take the Oath appointed by Congress in their Resolution of the 3rd of Feby last which was published in General Orders of the 7th instant.
                    At a General Court Martial Coll Febiger President April 28th 1778—Captain Thomas Lucas of Coll Malcom’s Regiment tried for assuming the rank of a Captain when a Lieutenant, secondly, for discharging an inlisted soldier and also for receiving a sum of money for so doing; and thirdly for returning the said soldier deserted in the Muster-Roll after discharging him—found guilty of the charges exhibited against him, being breaches of the 5th Article 18th section and 2nd Article, 3rd section, also 5th Article, 5th section of the Articles of War & sentenced to be discharged the service.
                    Also Lieutt Baron of Coll Wigglesworth’s Regiment tried for striking Lieutt Page and secondly ungentlemanlike behaviour found guilty of the charges exhibited against him and sentenced to be cashiered and to be rendered incapable of ever serving The United-States in any military Capacity.
                    The Commander in Chief approves the foregoing sentences & orders them to take place immediately.
                    At the same Court Captn Morrison of the 1st Jersey Battalion tried for selling as Substitutes men who by an express law of the State, were deemed incapable of being such & for selling soldiers as substitutes who were before inlisted for the common bounty—Upon consideration of the Charges and Evidence the Court are unanimously of opinion that Captain Morrison is guilty of the charges exhibited against him, but as he does not appear to have been actuated by selfinterested motives, as his actions which are most censured, have arose from a desire of promoting the good of the service, the Court determine that he does not merit Censure.
                    The General confirms the sentence; at the same time he cannot forbear remarking that the practice of selling soldiers as substitutes is an abuse of the highest nature & pregnant with the most pernicious Consequences, though there is every reason to hope in the present instance that it did not proceed from selfish & pecuniary motives, yet it  is in itself of so dangerous a tendency & so inconsistent with every rule of Propriety that it cannot but merit reprehension—Captn Morrison is released from his Arrest.
                    At the same Court by Adjournment April 29th—Adjutant Thompson of the 9th Pennsylvania Regiment tried for refusing to come whent sent for by Major Nichols—2ndly for treating Major Nichols after coming to him with ill language—acquitted of the first charge, but found guilty of the second and sentenced to be privately reprimanded by the Officer commanding the Brigade.
                    The General remits the sentence from a consideration that the conduct observed towards Mr Thompson must have exceedingly wounded his feelings and excited him to the Warmth of Expression for which he was censured—Adjutant Thompson is released from his Arrest.


Title: To George Washington from Benjamin Day, 11 May 1778
From: Day, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

                        Sir,
                        Fredericksburg Virga May 11th 1778

                    I have lately had an offer made me in the civil Department of this State, which I think to my Interest to accept. The post I held in the Army, is for several Reasons undisirable to me: I therefore beg Leave Sir to decline a Continuance of it. From the frequent Applications on this Subject, I fear it is troublesome to you: but the Concurrence of many Circumstances I hope may plead my Apology for the Rise of it on this Occasion. If my Exertions were at any Time serviceable in the Army, under the new Regulations they may be dispens’d with, without the least Inconvenience to it, as I never have had the Honour of holding a Commission in the Line. I am with great Respect Your Excellency’s most obedt Servt

                        Benja. Day


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General John Lacey, Jr., 11 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Lacey, John Jr.

                        Sir
                        Head Quarters Valley Forge 11th May 1778

                    Brigadier General Potters return from the Westward, affords me an opportunity of releiving you in the command of the pennsylvania Militia, which must have been fatiguing, considering the smallness of your numbers, and the constant motion which you have consequently been obliged to be in.
                    As General Potter is in a great measure a stranger to the Country and  to the people among whom he is to act, I shall be obliged to you if you will remain with him a few days, to give him a general idea of the Roads, and to make him acquainted with those upon whom he can depend as guides, for intelligence, and for other purposes. I am Sir Yr most obt Servt

                        [Go: Washington]


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 11 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

                        Sir
                        Valley Forge May 11th 1778

                    I take the liberty to transmit to Congress a copy of a Letter from General Howe, which I received at three O’Clock this afternoon. The contents are exceedingly interesting to the unhappy prisoners in his hands. I thought it my duty to forward ’em immediately, and I must request that Congress will be pleased to inform me, as soon as possible, what line of conduct I am to pursue upon this occasion. The inclosed extract of a Letter from Genl Smallwood will shew the painful alternative to which the prisoners in Philadelphia will be reduced, unless they are relieved, and this is confirmed by intelligence thro’ several other channels to myself. I shall wait directions in the matter, and govern myself by them in my answer to General Howe. I have the Honor to be, with great respect, Sir Your most obedt Servt

                        Go: Washington

                        P.S. As to an equivalent in men for Officers; that proposed by his Commissioners was too high. A much more moderate one was nearly agreed to between them and the Gentlemen deputed by me, when they were in Treaty. This mode of relief, at this instant, may not be so necessary to adopt. There are probably Officers in General Burgoyne’s army who are desirous of being exchanged, and if not, an equivalent may be fixed on, as circumstances may point out.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Alexander McDougall, 11 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

                        Dear Sir
                        Head Quarters Valley Forge 11th May 1778

                    I am favd with yours of the 6th instant inclosing a Return of the Troops under your command. From the accounts which I had received, I expected that the Connecticut Regiments had been much fuller. That the persons who are draughted should procure substitutes of any kind to releive themselves is not to be wondered at; but that the Officers who are appointed to receive the Draughts should suffer the public to be imposed upon, by taking men incapable of performing the duty of Soldiers in every respect, is intolerable.
                    The proceedings of the Court of Enquiry have not yet come to hand which makes me apprehensive that they have been sent on, and may have miscarried, as so much time has elapsed since it was finished. General Putnam has wrote to me to know the result, in which he imagines himself interested. I can give him no information untill I hear from you, which I desire may be as speedily as possible.
                    General Gates will be upon the North River shortly, as he left this place yesterday: But I beleive he intends to return to York Town before he sets out finally to take the command. Upon his arrival you are to repair to Head Quarters as directed some little time ago. I am Dear Sir Your most obt Servt

                        Go: Washington

                        P.S. General Gates goes immediately to the North River.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Maxwell, 11 May 1778
From: Maxwell, William
To: Washington, George

                        Sir
                        Cross Roads [Pa.] 11th [May] at 9 oclock 1778

                    I am now at the Cross roads refreshing the Men Major Haws sent me a light horse by way of crooked Billet that he was near there on his way to joyn me with the Cannon and Provisions I have heard nothing certain from Trenton or Bordenton to day but some flying reports that the Enemy was gone back when I get farther Inteligen[c]e I will inform you and am your Excellencys most obedient Humble Servant

                        Wm Maxwell

                        N.B. I find the party is 1 ½ miles from me refreshing them selves I am sending the light horse for the Artillery & Proviss. and will set off when they come and order the party to follow me.

                        W.M.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Stirling, 11 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)

                        My Lord,
                        [Valley Forge] May 11th 1778.

                    I have received your Letter of yesterdays date. I had no particular person in view when I issued the order respecting the slow progress of the works, at the same time, I acknowledge, that I am exceedingly mortified at seeing, & beholding the delay of them—whether unavoidable, or not, I do not undertake to determine.
                    Colos. Brealey & Barber informs me that the Officers of their Regiments are now ready to take the Oaths, and as their is some little boggle in this matter in other Corps I must beg your Lordship to administer them without delay as it will be a good example to others. I am Yr Lordship’s most Obedt Servant

                        Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 12 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

                        Head-Quarters V. Forge Tuesday May 12th 1778.
                        Parole Mexico—C. Signs Minden Munster—

                    The General Court-Martial whereof Coll Febiger is President is dissolved and another ordered to sit tomorrow at the usual place whereof Coll Bowman is appointed President—A Captain from each Brigade to attend as Members.
                    Elnathan Haskell Esquire is appointed Brigade Major in General Paterson’s Brigade, vice Majr McClure, and is to be obeyed and respected as such.


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Morgan Connor, 12 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Connor, Morgan

                        Sir,
                        Hd Qrs V[alley] f[orge] May 12th 1778

                    I have duly received your two favours of the 25th of April and 6th of May, with the inclosed proceedings of two General Courts Martial held by order of the Board of War.
                    With respect to Boyer, his trial does not appear to have been regular; The resolution of Congress empowering the Board of War to appoint Courts Martial extends only to those persons and cases, cognizable by the rules and articles of war; whereas the present trial is founded on a special resolve of the 27th of february, which is no part of those rules and articles. Had the circumstances of Boyers case been such as to require rigor and punishment—it would be necessary for me to constitute another Court Martial—But the extreme stupidity, if it may not rather be called, phrenzy, of the man having very properly induced the Court to recommend him to mercy, a second trial of the matter appears to be useless. You will therefore be pleased to have him released from confinement.
                    I approve the sentences respecting Lt Armstrong and Cornet Rushworm, and desire they may be carried into execution; the former cashiered and discharged from service, the latter acquitted and released from arrest. I am Sir Your very hum. &c.


Title: From George Washington to Henry Laurens, 12 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

                        Sir
                        Valley Forge May 12th 1778

                    I had the Honor to receive in due time, your several favors of the 3d 6th & 9th Inst., with the Papers to which they respectively alluded.
                    After much consideration upon the subject, I have appointed General McIntosh to command at Fort Pit & in the Western Country for which he will set out, as soon as he can accommodate his affairs. I part with this Gentleman with much reluctance, as I esteem him an officer of great worth and merit, & as I know his services here are & will be materially wanted. His firm disposition & equal justice—His assiduity and good understanding, added to his being a stranger to all parties in that Quarter, pointed him out as a proper Person, and I trust extensive advantages will be derived from his command, which I could wish was more agreable. He will wait on Congress for their instructions.
                    As Lieut. Colo. Sutherland, Major Agnew & Lieut. Poe, have only requested to go to Europe on Parole, It does not appear to me, that I can with propriety apply to Genl Howe for their exchange. This would imply that they were Prisoners of War. Though their exchange is certainly the most desirable mode of release, as it would relieve an equal number of our Officers from Captivity, yet I should be happy if a negociation for the purpose should commence on their part. Knowing that it would be our Interest to exchange all the Officers of General Burgoyne’s Army if it could be done, I wrote Genl Heath not long since, to take occasion to mention to them, that we should always be willing to accede to any equal propositions for that purpose, and would carefully convey their applications to Sr Wm Howe or the Genl who might command  the British Army. I take the liberty to return their Letters, presuming that Congress may incline to give them some answer either directly, or thro’ Genl Heath.
                    In respect to Lieut. Colo. Dirk, I do not find that there is any necessity for granting the prayer of his Petition. We have already too many Officers, and I do not apprehend the interest of the States would be much promoted in his appointment. If he could make up two or three companies, they would be of Prisoners & Deserters, who would most assuredly embrace an early opportunity to go off with their Arms and cloathing. I am disposed to consider him as a man of some address & Policy, as he is aiming at a confirmation in the line of the Army, by obtaining an appointment to a new Corps, of the rank which he had as a Division Qr Master. Besides the impolicy of augmenting the number of our Officers, where it is not really essential, such a promotion would give dissatisfaction and I suppose there are few Officers if any, who formerly commanded Mr Dirk in the line of the Army, that would submit to his orders.
                    The inclosed Copy of a Letter from Genl Dickinson to me, will inform Congress of the Fate of the Continental Frigates in Delaware—a fate in the situation they were left, I had long predicted; & which I had taken much pains to avert by using every argument in my power to have them sunk. In that case their destruction would have been, at least, a work of time, difficulty & expence; & might have been perhaps prevented. About One OClock on Thursday I got notice of an intended move of the Enemy by water, & conjecturing the destination of it, had a Detachment under Genl Maxwell (whose tour of duty it was) ready to march towards the Delaware by 4 OClock, but a heavy rain prevented their moving till next morning.
                    I have been happy in the exchange, and a visit from Lt Colo. Allen. His fortitude & firmness seem to have placed him out of the reach of misfortune. There is an original something in him that commands admiration, and his long captivity and sufferings have only served to increase, if possible, his enthusiastic Zeal. He appears very desirous of rendering his services to the States and of being employed, and at the same time does not discover any ambition for high rank. Congress will herewith receive a Letter from him, and I doubt not they will make such provision for him, as they may think proper and suitable.
                    I take pleasure in transmitting a Philadelphia Paper of the 9th which came to hand yesterday evening, containing a message from his most Christian Majesty to the Court of London, in consequence of the Treaty between him and these States, & his Britannic Majesty’s address to the Lords & Commons &c. The Message is conceived in terms of irony & derision, more degrading to the pride & dignity of Britain, than any  thing she has ever experienced since she has been a Nation. It is not an actual declaration of War, but it certainly must produce one. I have the Honor to be With great respect Sir Your Mo. Obet Servt

                        Go: Washington

                        P.S. A great number of blank Oaths will be wanted. You will be pleased to order some by every opportunity.


Title: To George Washington from Richard Peters, 12 May 1778
From: Peters, Richard
To: Washington, George

                        Sir
                        War Office [York, Pa.] May 12th 1778

                    The Board ever since their Institution have been anxiously endeavoring to establish a Communication on a permanent Footing from the  lower Parts of North Carolina to your Camp in Order that the Supplies of Provisions & Stores might be reduced as nearly to a Certainty as our Circumstances & the Nature of the Bussiness would admitt. They have procured the Promises of Assistance from the Governments of the several Southern States concerned but the Machine is so complex & so many of its Parts are so frequently disordered that great Difficulties are yet to encounter Fifty one Waggons with Cloathing lately returned & one hundred are on their Way down to South Key for Tents & Military Stores of which Col. F. Lewis informs us there are more at that Place & other southern Ports than will load double the Number of Waggons. We find that this occasional Mode of Transportation is attended with many Inconveniences & particularly in Account of the Numbers of Teams plying at once which cannot be supplied with Forage as there are no Magazines laid up altho the Board long ago directed the Quarter Masters on the Communication to do it. If settled Stages both by Land & Water were established & Teams & Boats had particular Stations allotted them agreeable to the Design of the Board the Cloathing & Stores might be sent on as they arrive, so great a Quantity would not accumulate & of Course the Number of Teams would not be at once necessary; bending our Wants would be more frequently supplied whereas we have now either a Glutt or almost a total Scarcity. We find that it is almost impossible to transport the Goods & Stores by Land—Large Quantities of Cloathing have been lying on the Eastern Shore of Virginia ever since October last among other Reasons because it could not be brought by Land & it was thought too dangerous to attempt a Transportation by Water. The Board are however Determined to use every Exertion to bring the Stores & Provisions Coastwise & for this Purpose have procured the Assistance of the Governments of Maryland & Virginia who have promised to lend & man as far as they are able their Gallies to protect the Craft employed in the Chesapeak.
                    Application has been made to the Government of this State for the Remnants of their Galleymen to be employed in the Chesapeak but no Answer has been given to the Request.
                    A spirited Continental Officer will be necissary to take the Command of the Virginia & Maryland Gallies as there are some Disputes about Rank between the naval Gentlemen of these two States. There is none among the Officers of our Fleet so capable of the Task as Capt.  Robinson now detained by the Enemy in Philadelphia on Acct of some Irregularity in the Conduct of a Flag which Capt. R. accompanied. He is brave intelligent & prudent understands the Navigation perfectly of the Chesapeak & is the only Person in every Respect suitable for our Purpose. The Board would therefore be much obliged to your Excellency for your Endeavors to procure Capt. Robinson’s Release  by Exchange or otherwise as his Services are so essential & we can obtain Permission from Congress for him to be employed in this Service—The salted Provisions are so cumbrous that they cannot be transported by Land & as the Army depend upon the Southern Supplies the sooner the Navigation is set on Foot the better & Capt. Robinson’s Release will greatly accelerate this necessary Work. Besides the Supplies furnished by the Commissaries the Board have ordered & have every Reason to believe there will be twelve thousand Barrells of Shad the greater Part whereof are smoked & will be useful for Light Parties as well as an agreeable Change for the Troops. This with the large Quantities of salted Pork & Bacon in North Carolina Virginia & Maryland will take much Time therefore the Bussiness should be instantly put in Motion.
                    The Board have been duly honoured with your Excellency’s Letter consenting to Capt. Scull’s undertaking the Survey of the Creeks. He informed us that the Work you had employed him in was nearly completed or we should not have thought of desiring him to engage in the Bussiness pointed out by Congress. The French Gentlemen & a Surveyer of this State are now surveying & reconoitring the Susquahanna having began at Harris’s Ferry. I have the Honour to be with the greatest Respect your very obed. hble Servt

                        Richard Peters By Order


Title: To George Washington from Timothy Pickering, 12 May 1778
From: Pickering, Timothy
To: Washington, George

                        Sir,
                        War Office [York, Pa.] May 12th 1778.

                    It often happens that soldiers are discharged without being paid off, or furnished with a certificate of what is their due. A number of such men have been discharged lately by General McIntosh. One of them is now at the board, & presents an account of twenty one pounds & upwards, due to him for wages. As he has been long at the hospital, ’tis not improbable the demand is just; yet we cannot with propriety allow it; altho’ in divers like cases, where soldiers have had several hundred miles to travel, & were lame or decrepid, and without a farthing in their pockets, it was impossible to deny their requests. We therefore think it  necessary that no discharges should be given in future, until the arrears due are adjusted & paid, or a certificate signed by the regimental pay master shewing what is due be given the soldier so discharged.
                    Since writing the above, a resolve of Congress has been recollected on this subject, which if observed will remove the difficulty complained of. As it passed so long ago as in Novr 1776, a copy is inclosed to your excellency, that it may be published in orders. We shall transmit copies to Dr Shippen, to be fixed in the several hospitals.
                    It is our duty to inform your Excellency of every abuse which comes to our knowledge, that they may be prevented in future. ’Tis not an uncommon practice for officers when going home to take with them those soldiers who served them in camp, by which means they are burdened with a great expence, & the public is unjustly deprived of the service of the soldiers. This practice is not confined to officers of the higher ranks: captains and subalterns do the same. I have the honour to be, with great respect, your most obedt servant

                        Tim. Pickering junr By Order


Title: General Orders, 13 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

                        Head-Quarters V. Forge Wednesday May 13th 1778.
                        Parole Noailles—C. Signs Newark—Nesham.


Title: To George Washington from Elias Boudinot, 13 May 1778
From: Boudinot, Elias
To: Washington, George

                        Dr Sir
                        Baskinridge [N.J.] May 13th 1778

                    On my Arrival at Morris Town, I found Lt Coll Campbell, who proposed my going with him to New York, as he thought he could aid me greatly in farthering some immediate relief to our suffering Prisoners: By Coll Allen I recd Genl Clinton’s permission to attend Coll Campbell and then proceeded to New York—I found Major Genl Daniel Jones in the Command & Genl Valentine Jones Commandant of the City—Both these Gentlemen appear determined to give every relief to Prisoners that is in their Power—They treated me with uncommon Civility & granted me every Thing I asked—The Exchange I took with me,  was compleatly carried into Execution, with the addition of twenty five Officers & about Twenty Privates being for the Servants of Genl Burgoyne, Coll Campbell & others.
                    Genl Jones has given me the strongest assurances that our Officers & Privates shall not have reason again to Complain of unnecessary Severity; indeed their whole System appears to be changed, in at least in Confusion—I cannot but mention the Service I recd from Coll Campbell, who seems determined to interest himself in mitigating the rigors of Captivity, which he appears well acquainted with—Many of our Officers who are now Exchanged, are at a loss to know what to do, there being no Provision made for them, and having left both Property & friends, they are anxious for any employment, in which they may hope for some Satisfaction for the multitude & Severity of their Sufferings.
                    As I am much engaged to get my Accounts in proper order I shall remain here, till that is done, unless I recieve other orders from your Excellency, which I beg to be favoured with, if you think my immediate Presence necessary at Camp—If a Successor to my department has been nominated, I should be much obliged, by the Information. I have the Honor to be with the greatest regard and Esteem Your Excellency’s Most Obedt & most Hble Servt

                        Elias BoudinotCom. Genl of Pris.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Maxwell, 13 May 1778
From: Maxwell, William
To: Washington, George

                    Letter not found: from Brig. Gen. William Maxwell, 13 May 1778. On 13 May, Tench Tilghman wrote Maxwell for GW: “His Excellency commands me to acknowledge the Rect of yours of this date” (see GW to Maxwell, 7 May, n.1).


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Stephen Moylan, 13 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Moylan, Stephen

                        Dear Sir
                        Head Quarters Valley Forge 13 May 1778

                    I have your favs. of the 5th and that of the 7th continued down to the 9th. If the Commissioners of the Navy could have been prevailed upon by me to have scutled and sunk the Frigates last fall, the Enemy would have had little inducement to have visited Bordentown. It would have taken so much labor and time to have raised them, that a force might have been sent to interrupt them. Upon the first intimation of the design, I detatched Genl Maxwell with a strong party, but the mischief was done and the Enemy gone by the time he reached the Cross Roads.
                    Present my thanks to Major Clough and his small party for their bravery. The price formerly paid to the captors of a light horse, with his accoutrements, was 100 dollars, but as money has depreciated, the Rule has been, in some instances, deviated from. Colo. Morgans Riflemen some time ago took Ten British light Horse between Derby and Chester, they were paid 170 dollars per Horse and at that rate I have estimated those taken by Major Clough. Inclosed you have a Warrant for 510 dollars payable to the Major, which he will please to distribute among the party according to their Rank.
                    I do not know whether the Carbines that are here are in proper order. I will have the matter inquired into, and, if they are, inform you, that you may send over a Waggon and a small escort for them. You mentioned in a letter of the 23d April that you understood some members of Congress were dis-satisfied with the determination of Rank between Colo. Bland, Baylor, Shelden and yourself; if it is so, I have never  heard any thing of it from any person but yourself. I am Dear Sir Your most obt Servt

                        Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Stephen Moylan, 13 May 1778
From: Moylan, Stephen
To: Washington, George

                        Dear Sir
                        Trenton [N.J.] 13th May 1778

                    the late excursion of the enemy prevented my leaving this place, to visit the different Regiments, which I shall put in execution the later end of this week.
                    I sent a woman into Philadelphia last sunday who came out this day. She Says that war was certainly declard against France, that General Clinton had taken the Command on monday, General Howe preparing to go home, but is to give a Grand Fete Champetre before his departure, that there was great talk of the Troops embarking, the Transports were taking in wood and water, indeed their burning the Shipping looks very like a move, for if they coud hold their present post, the Ships woud consequently fall into their hands, She heard nothing of the Hessians having laid down their arms, which was strongly reported here.
                    I woud not trouble your Excellency with a Complaint against the Commissary, if I knew who was at the head of that department, to whom I might address myself, but the great neglect of provideing any thing (flour excepted) for Blands & Baylors Regiments call aloud for redress, they have lived upon Salt fish and Salt Herrings these five weekes past, which is now expended, and nothing have they now but flour to live upon, the issuing Commissary Mr Paxton Says it is the purchassers fault, but who or where the purchasser is I cannot find out. Mr Paxton says if he had money he coud purchass Sufficient, between them the men are Suffering, they have had no pay Since October which with the want of provisions, has produced much discontent amongst them, how it is with the other two Regiments I cannot Say, but hope they are better of[f] as to provisions, respecting pay I believe they  are in the Same Situation, which I hope will not continue long, if it does I realy dread the Consequence. I beg Sir that the Carbines and what other arms are at Camp, for the Cavalry may be Sent forward they are exceedingly wanted. I am with great respect Dear sir your most ob. and affte H. St

                        Stephen Moylan

                        P.S. Since writeing the annext I have seen General Dickinson who has had some Conversation with Mrs yard, who left Philadelphia yesterday She confirms what I had from my informant except that there was no positive account of war having been declar’d but was to have been two days after the last packet left England. there was but one dissenting Lord against that motion, Gen. Dickinson will inform your Excellency of any farther news he may have collected. I have the honor to be &ca.

                        S. M.


Title: To George Washington from Richard Peters, 13 May 1778
From: Peters, Richard
To: Washington, George

                        Sir
                        War Office [York, Pa.] May 13th 1778

                    In the Winter when our Army was weak & the Country much exposed to the Ravages of the Enemy. there were five hundred Militia ordered to be stationed on the Communication between the Delaware & Schuylkill for the Protection & Escort of the Provisions & Stores both stationary & passing to Camp. Two hundred of these were ordered to Easton, one hundred to Bethlehem & two hundred to Reading at which Places the Board presume these Numbers now are. As the Manner of procuring this Body of Militia if we are rightly informed was a  little extraordinary & they are very expensive it is submitted to your Excellency whether they are longer necessary. Should you be of Opinion that they are not you will be pleased to give Orders for their Discharge or acquaint the Board with your Opinion & they will take the necessary Measures for carrying it into Execution. The great Number of Rations drawn at the posts & Places out of Camp are so enormous that the Army must suffer unless some speedy Steps are taken to diminish the Quantity of Provisions in many Instances unnecessarily consumed at these Places. And this is one Object the Board have in View by giving your Excellency this Trouble. I have the Honour to be with the greatest Respect Your very obed. Servt

                        Richard Peters By Order


Title: From George Washington to Major Benjamin Tallmadge, 13 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Tallmadge, Benjamin

                        Sir
                        Valley Forge 13th May 1778

                    I received your favor of the 4th Inst. by Colo. Sheldon.
                    I do not censure the conduct of Officers or hurt their feelings in the smallest degree thro’ choice. When I do it, I always regret the occasion, which compelled me to the measure. How far the conduct of the generality, or of Individual Officers in your Corps may have been reprehensible and deserving the reproof and charges contained in my Letter, I cannot determine upon my own knowledge. I shall be happy if they were without foundation. However, my information was such that I could not disbelieve the facts. It came thro’ various channels and it appeared, that the horses had been neglected and greatly harrassed. Colo. Moylan in his general report of the State of the cavalry informed me “That the second Regiment had been most cruelly dealt with. Of 54 horses which he had seen paraded, that he did not think Ten could be selected fit to go on any duty. That they had been really starved during the winter and the blame thrown from the Officers on mr Caldwell, who acted as a Commissary of Forage; but that the true reason of their being in such condition, according to his belief, was that few or none of the officers had been with the Regiment.” If this was the case, If the horses were neglected in their absence or not attended to as well as circumstances would admit, the Officers certainly are reproachable for not having done that duty they owed the Public. I am Sir your most Obet Sert

                        Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 14 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

                        Head-Quarters V. Forge Thursday May 14th [17]78.
                        Parole Orleans.C. Signs Orkney—Ostend.

                    The Troops are in future to be exempt from exercise every Friday afternoon, which time is allowed them for washing Linnen and cloathing—The Serjeants who conduct Squads to bathe are to be particularly careful that no man remains longer than ten minutes in the Water.
                    The Commanding Officers of Regiments are to order two windows at least to be made in each hut.
                    As the second North-Carolina, Livington’s and Angell’s Regiments are sickly the commanding Officers of those Regiments will apply for tents to remove their men from their hutts.
                    At a Brigade Court-Martial in the Artillery May 9th 1778, Coll Proctor President, Captain Francis Proctor senior tried for scandalous and infamous behaviour unbecoming the Character of a Gentleman and Officer—Also for breaking his Arrest and threatning Captain Rices Life in an ungentlemanlike manner in different Companies, acquitted of the charge of breaking his Arrest but found guilty of scandalous behaviour unbecoming the Gentleman and Officer being a breach of the 21st Article, 14th section of the Articles of War & sentenced to be discharged the service.
                    The Commander in Chief approves the sentence and orders it to take place immediately.
                    At a General Court Martial whereof Colonel Febiger was President 5th of May 1778—Lieutenant Carter of Coll Baylor’s Regiment of Light Dragoons tried for neglect of duty in leaving the different roads unguarded from Barren-Hill Church to Philadelphia, by which neglect the Enemy march’d a body of horse and foot to said Church & surprized and made Prisoners a Subaltern and his Party who had returned to the Church for refreshment: After due deliberation the Court are of opinion that Lieutt Carter is guilty of the charge exhibited against him, being a breach of Article 5th section 18th of the Articles of War but are of opinion that he must have mis-understood the orders given by Captain McLane, which considerably alleviates his neglect of duty and sentence him to be reprimanded in General Orders.
                    The Commander in Chief approves the sentence, discharges Lieutenant Carter from his Arrest and desires him to repair to his Regiment; He hopes that he will in future pay very strict attention to the orders  of his commanding Officer, as he must plainly perceive the ill effects that have arisen from Misapprehension.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel George Baylor, 15 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Baylor, George

                        Dear sir
                        Head Quarters Valley Forge 15 May 1778

                    I am glad to find by yours of the 4th Instant that you have been so successful in the purchase of horses; and I hope that as the favorable news from Europe has already begun to produce a visable effect on the value of paper money in this quarter that it will extend its influence and reduce the price of horses and every other article. If you have not received an answer from the Treasury Board before this reaches you I would have you send a good officer to them which may have more effect than writing.
                    I can see no objection to applying part of the money recd for purchasing horses to paying bounty to your recruits. In my letter of the first of May I desired you not to make any absolute appointment of officers; as the augmentation of the cavalry was only recommended by the committee of Congress but not yet adopted. I am dear sir your very humble servt

                        Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Lafayette, 15 May 1778
From: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de
To: Washington, George

                        My dear General
                        Valley forge Camp the 15th may 1778

                    Agreable to your excellency’s orders I have taken the oath of the gentlemen officers in general woodfort’s brigade and theyr certificates have been sent to the adjudant general’s office—give me leave now to present you with some observations delivered to me by many officers in that brigade who desire I may submit them to your perusal. I know, Sir, (besides I am not of theyr opinion in the fact itself) that I Should not accept for you the objections those Gentlemen could have as a body to any order from Congress—but I Confess the desire of being agreable to them, of giving them any mark of friendship and affection which is in my power, and aknowledging the kind sentiments they honor me with have been my first and dearest Considerations—besides that, be pleased to consider that they began by obeying to orders, and want only to let theyr beloved general know, which were the reasons of theyr being rather reluctant (as far as reluctance may comply with theyr duty and honor) to an oath whose meanings and spirit was I believe misunderstood by them—I may add, Sir, with a perfect Conviction, that there is not one among them, but who would be thrice happy were occasions offer’d to them of distinguishing yet by new exertions theyr love for theyr country, theyr zeal for theyr duty as officers, theyr consideration for the civil Superior power and theyr love for your excellency. With the greatest respect and most tender affection I have the honor to be Your excellency’s The most obedient humble servant

                        the marquis de lafayette


Title: General Orders, 16 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

                        Head-Quarters Valley Forge saturday May 16th 1778.
                        Parole Potomack—C. Signs Poland. Princetown—

                    A most pernicious Practice has in too many instances prevailed of Officers on leaving Camp either upon Furlough or what is still worse to quit the service taking with them soldiers in the Capacity of servants—This abuse so detrimental to the Army & so injurious to the Public is positively forbid in future & Commanding Officers of Regiments are enjoined to prevent its being practiced on any pretence whatever—This is to be considered as a standing and invariable Order.
                    It is not improbable that the Army may soon find it necessary to make a sudden & rapid movement—The Commander in Chief reminds the Officers of the order of the 27th of last March respecting Baggage—if there should be any who have been inattentive to it, they must abide the consequences of it, as it is determined that no hindrance to the  Motions of the Army will be suffered to happen on Account of an Incumbrance which ought to have been removed.
                    As the hot season advances the time of Exercise will be an hour sooner than heretofore—the whole Army will therefore be under Arms at five ôClock in the morning precisely—The Inspectors and Brigade Majors will regulate their Watches agreeable to the Clock at Head Quarters.
                    Honours due from Guards to the Generals and other Officers of the Army, to be observ’d in future.
                    1st—Guards commanded by Commissioned Officers are for the Commander in Chief to parade and present Arms—the Officers saluting and Drums beating—but as in Camp before the Enemy it would not always be proper to announce the Presence of the Commander in Chief—His Excellency therefore orders that the Drums do not beat.
                    2ndly For Major Generals and General & Field Officers of the day, the Guards present Arms.
                    3rd For Brigadier Generals they parade with handled Arms.
                    4th—For the Adjutant General and Inspectors of Divisions the same—Also from Quarter Guards to their own Brigade-Inspectors.
                    5thly Guards commanded by non commissioned Officers to the Commander in Chief, Major Generals, Brigadier Generals—Field Officers of the day, Adjutant General The Inspectors of Divisions—Field Officers of their own Regiments and Inspectors of their own Brigade.
                    Sentinels present Arms for all General Officers, Field Officers of the day, Adjutant General & Inspectors of Divisions and the Sentinels in Camp likewise to the Field Officers of their own Regiments.
                    The Guard of the Commander in Chief pays no Honours but to him—The Guards of Majr Generals pay no Honour but to the Commander in Chief & the General to whom they are on Guard.
                    Guards of Brigadier Generals pay Honours to the Commander in Chief, the Major Generals & the Brigadiers to whom they are on guard.
                    When a guard parades they must be formed in two ranks agreeable to the Instructions already given for the formation of Troops—the Officer to the right of the front Rank a Serjeant covering him in the same manner as formed for the Charge—The Drums to the right of the Officer and Sentinels to the right of the Drums a little advanced—There must be no single man—The Sentinel will give the time—The Officer facing to the left gives the word Present Arms! and with the last Motion faces again to the front—facing again to the left he commands Shoulder! &c.—keeping to the right of his Guard when occasion may require—N.B. This last Article respects only the Guards in Camp in time of War—In Garrison &c. in time of peace the Guards parade at open ranks and the Officers advance four Paces before the center.
                    When it happens that a General or Field Officer of the day passes a  Guard during the time they are relieving both guards pay the honours before mentioned without altering their position, though they should pass behind either of the Guards.
                    When a Battalion or detachment passes before a Guard, they must carry Arms and beat a march; the Guard must present Arms and beat a march and if the Battalion or Detachment has Colours the Officer salutes them.
                    When a body of men without Arms even if they are Country man, if their numbers are equal to or stronger than the guard, the Sentinels should alarm the Guard and the guard turn out ’till they have passed.
                    When a Guard in marching to it’s post or in returning meets a General or Field Officer they should carry Arms and continue their march.
                    When a single soldier with Arms meets any Officer he should halt, front & carry Arms ’till the officer has passed.
                    When two Guards or Detachments meet they should both carry Arms and incline to the right to make room for each other to pass.


Title: From George Washington to the Board of War, 16 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

                        Gentn
                        Valley Forge May 16th 1778.

                    I have been honored with your two favors of the 12th Instant.
                    If the provisions and stores, which are in the Southern States, can be transported by water, it will without question be infinitely more eligible, than the present mode of conveyance, which is and must be attended with great delay and vast expence. The vessels to be employed in this business, I should suppose, ought to be small and such as could, without difficulty, run into shallow water, or any port or inlet, in case of their being chased by the Enemy’s ships or cruizers. From the opinion I entertain of Captain Robinson and the Board’s desire to give him the chief direction of the craft, I should be exceedingly happy to obtain his release; however, I cannot promise that it will soon take place. The moment I had notice of his detention, which General Howe communicated himself, I remonstrated against it, and demanded that he should be liberated, but without any effect. I will urge it a second time. Captain Robinson’s permitting a Captain Galt to attend the flag, in the character of a private, was the foundation of this unhappy affair. I am persuaded he had no ill design in the matter and that it proceeded intirely from an imprudent and unreasonable curiosity in Galt to see his Philadelphia acquaintances. The proceeding, considering the great delicacy of Truces, was not justifiable. I do not conceive that any proposition  for his exchange can be made with propriety. He is not to be viewed in the light of a prisoner of war. If his seizure was illegal, he ought to be restored without our giving any compensation; if it was not, we cannot claim his release. To propose an exchange, would be to give up the point and to admit, there was a degree of criminality in his conduct. Supposing for a moment, that he could be considered as a prisoner, I don’t know that we have an officer of his rank to offer for him.
                    While we are on the subject of transportation of provisions and Stores, I would take the liberty to suggest, that great advantages, in my opinion, would be derived to the public, from the establishment of stages at proper distances, for instance forty or fifty miles apart, on the Land communication between this and the principal Towns in the Eastern States, from which we generally procure supplies. For want of this, Stores are a long time getting to hand, and in many cases, I am satisfied, they have been stopped (sometimes thro’ whim—sometimes thro’ accident)—dispersed, and in the end intirely lost. If stages and depositories were fixed on, the conveyance would be more certain and more expeditious. Magazines of forage might be collected, where they are established, for the cattle used in the business, and there would be no difficulty in procuring teams. As matters now stand, the Owners, from the great distance they go the incertainty of their returning on the one hand and on the other the certainty of their being much injured if they do, are unwilling to hire them and very frequently refuse it altogether, by which means the Public measures are greatly impeded and very essentially detrimented.
                    The inconvenience which the Board mention in the case of discharg’d Soldiers has frequently happen’d, and however easy it may appear to guard against it, it will be found in practice and on a more minute investigation of the matter tolerably difficult. If those sent to Hospitals should not receive their back pay, and that which becomes due while they are there, it is said they would want many comfortable necessaries which by having it they could procure, in aid of the Hospital Supplies. Another difficulty is, their pay is frequently comprehended in the Abstracts for three or four Months back previous to their being sent away, and Warrants granted for it which remain unpaid for want of money in the Military Chest. When this is the case their pay might be drawn twice; once by the Pay Master on the General Regimental Warrant and by themselves on the Director or Surgeon’s Certificate. Nor can the Pay Masters when they receive money on the Abstracts give credit for the sum due the Sick as the warra[n]ts are always fix’d and drawn for the whole Account of the Abstract when it was first presented. I will try with the Resolution and some orders fram’d for the purpose to provide against the grievance. The former or one very like it was communicated to the Army in 1776.

                    I am much oblig’d by the information of the Board of War respecting Soldiers who leave Camp as Servants to Officers. Orders shall be immediately Issued to restrain the abuse, and once for all I beg to add that I shall always receive with great pleasure intelligence from the Board, of any practices falling under their notice which require a reform. I have the Honor to be with great respect Gentn Yr Most Obedt Servt.


Title: From George Washington to William Finnie, 16 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Finnie, William

                    Letter not found: to William Finnie, 16 May 1778. Finnie’s letter to GW of 8 April is docketed “Ansd 16 May.”


Title: General Orders, 17 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To:

                        Head-Quarters V. Forge sunday May 17th 1778.
                        Parole Ramapaw—C. Signs Rochester Rome.

                    The Commanding Officers of Regiments & Corps are to make an exact return tomorrow morning ten ôClock at Head-Quarters of the Arms deficient in their respective Regiments and Corps.

                    The Commissary of Military Stores is also to make a return the 21st instant of all the Arms received from and delivered to the Army from the first of November last specifying the particular Corps & the number received from and delivered to each.
                    Commanding Officers of Regiments and Corps are expressly directed to call in by the 1st of June all soldiers belonging to their several Corps, who are now distributed in the different departments of the Staff in quality of Servants and to prevent any others in future being made use of in the same manner.


Title: From George Washington to Ephraim Blaine, 17 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Blaine, Ephraim

                        Sir
                        Head Quarters [Valley Forge] 17 May 1778

                    Very frequent and recent intelligence from the City of Philadelphia induces me to think that the Enemy mean to evacuate that place. Such a Step must consequently make it necessary for this army to move, and as this will be a sudden affair, I now give you notice that every thing in your department may be in perfect readiness for the event. I have written to the Qr Mr General to take every step in his power to procure Waggons and to him you will apply for them, giving all the aid you can to effect that business. You will as far as it may be in your power, lay in Magazines of provision between this and the North river, On or Convenient to the roads leading over Coryells ferry to Morris Town &c. and thro Boundbrook Westfield &c. Sufficient to feed the troops on their march should it be found necessary to take that course, no time is to be lost. I am sir your most obedt servant

                        Go. Washington

                        P.S. You will make this known to the Issuing Commissary.


Title: From George Washington to Ezekiel Cheever, 17 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Cheever, Ezekiel

                        Sir,
                        Head Quarters Valley Forge May 17th 1778

                    General Knox informs me, that he directed 2000 arms to be sent on from Springfield to Lebanon; which it is to be supposed are now on their way. The distress of this army for want of arms is very great; we have a number of men intirely destitute, and many recruits are dayly coming in from whom we can derive no service on the same account. I am therefore to desire in the most urgent manner, that the above-mentioned arms may be hastened forward with all possible dispatch. In order to effect this purpose, it would be of great use to send some active trusty conductor, to take care of them; with orders not to lose a moment’s time, in bringing them on. When they are near the Delaware, I should be glad to be apprized of it, as I think it will be better to bring them immediately to this army, if they are fit for use, than to send them to Lebanon, as was directed. I am Sir Your most Obedt serv.
                    Let a 1000 more arms be prepared and packed up to be sent on, on orders being given.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philemon Dickinson, 17 May 1778
From: Dickinson, Philemon
To: Washington, George

                        Dear Sir
                        Trenton [N.J.] 17th May 1778

                    Your Excellency’s favor of the 13th instant I have recieved—when I mentioned the Establishment of a Post, in such Part of this State, as your Excellency should judge most proper, I meant a Post supplied by our militia; from your Excellency’s letter, I imagine you must have misunderstood me.
                    By the latest accounts recieved from Philadelphia, Sir Harry, either intends to leave the City, or pay your Excellency a visit—from his character, & the enmity which subsists between him & Sir William, I should not be surprized at his making an excursion, in hopes of meeting with a favourable opportunity.
                    A Report prevails here, that he intends passing thro’ this State to New York, I only mention it, as a Report.
                    I am informed, there are a number of Brass Field pieces at Lebanon, as our supply is greatly increased by Genl Burgoyne’s Convention; and the State allmost destitute of Artillery, & no prospect of a supply, except from your Excellency, should be much obliged to you, for two Brass six pounders, if your Excellency can spare them, which shall be taken the greatest care off, by Your Excellency’s most Obt Sert

                        Philemon Dickinson

                        P.S. we are in a wretch’d situation, on account of ammunition—we have a little Powder, but no Lead—I can very readily have the cartridges made up, had I the materials.


Title: From George Washington to Samuel French, 17 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: French, Samuel

                        Sir.
                        Head Quarters [Valley Forge] 17th May 1778.

                    By your last return it appears that the musket cartridges in camp amount only to about 140,000—as this number is very far from being adequate to the demand, you are without loss of time to take the most effectual means for increasing it very largely—Acquaint me in the mean time with your prospects that I may know what to depend upon. I am Sir &c.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Nathanael Greene, 17 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

                        Sir
                        Head Quarters [Valley Forge] 17th May 1778

                    Every piece of intelligence from Philadelphia makes me think it more & more probable, that the Enemy are preparing to evacuate it—Whether they intend to leave the Continent, or only go to some other part of it must be uncertain. There are some reasons that induce a suspicion they may intend for New York. In any case it is absolutely necessary, we should be ready, for an instant movement of the army. I have therefore to request you will strain eve[r]y nerve, to prepare without delay the necessary provisions in your department for that purpose. The most pressing and immediate object of your attention will be the procuring a large number of Waggons for transporting baggage provisions &c., and some good horses for the artillery. You will call upon this State and use every other mean in your power for a supply. The scarcity of forage will not allow any number of horses being brought into Camp; but it is essential the horses & Waggons should be collected at  different places in the vicinity of Camp, where they can be furnished with forage, & drawn expeditiously to the army. Tents should also be provided and hastened forward with all possible speed; not only with a view to a general movement, but also on account of the advancing hot season, from which we already begin to experience very unhappy effects, and have reason to apprehend worse, if we keep the men much longer in huts. We probably have no time to lose; and I shall rely upon your exertions, that every thing will be done, on your part, to enable us to be prepared for events. Let me know what prospects you have, and when you think you will have it in your power to answer the present exigency. I am &c.

                        G. W——n

                        P.s. As we may have to go to the No. river Magazines of forage should immediately be provided on the different routs, particularly those by way of Coryels—Morris Town &c. & Trenton Boundbrook Westfield &c. smaller ones should be formed on the road by Howels ferry Goshen &c.
                        You will also immediately have the boats on the Delaware inspected and got ready in all respects to transport the army across. Those which want it must be repaired.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Johnson, 17 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Johnson, Thomas

                        My dear sir.
                        Head Quarters Valley Forge 17th May 1778.

                    From a number of concurring circumstances there is reason to beleive that the enemy mean to evacuate Philadelphia. It is necessary therefore to draw together as great a force as can be provided for, with the utmost expedition. But as several of our out posts, covering magazines & the like, cannot be recalled without a body of Militia to act in their room, I am obliged to request of the neighbouring States a reinforcement for this and other purposes. The requisition of Congress extends to 5000 Militia from the Jersey Pennsylvania and Maryland.
                    A large compact body of regulars are wanted, and several valuable intentions to be attended to at the same time. General Smallwod who lays at Willmington covers a quantity of Stores at the Head of Elk. If he is withdrawn, the enemy may destroy our magazine at that place. I would imagine that five hundred militia of your State would be a sufficient security, and proper restraint upon the enemy on that quarter. I would therefore beg of you to embody and send forward five hundred of your militia, equipped and the most contiguous to the Head of Elk. You may probably find it most convenient to send them by companies.  The most expeditious way is certainly the best. And the sooner they get to the Head of Elk, the sooner shall I have it in my power to recall the Garrison from Willmington, and complete such a body of Continental troops as may enable me to act according to conjunctures.
                    I rely upon your particular assistance on this critical occasion, and am Dear Sir, with respect, and esteem, your obedient and very humble servt

                        Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Henry Knox, 17 May 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Knox, Henry

                        Sir
                        Head Quarters [Valley Forge] 17th May 1778

                    The Enemys Transactions in Philadelphia as related by divers intelligent persons indicate the speedy evacuation of that post—this requires a state of readiness in us for marching at the shortest warning—I am therefore to desire that you will give the proper orders in your department, that every thing ⟨tha⟩t depends on you, may be prepared for moving on the first notice—You will likewise acquaint me to what Commissary in the neighborhood of Camp, I may with most effect issue orders for a prompt supply of small arms—From the present appearance of things, it is not improbable that the enemy mean to concenter their force at New York—your views are therefore to be extended to such preparations as may be required in case of a march to the North River. I am Sir &c.

                        P.S. You will inform me what orders were given relative to the arms at Springfield and Albany and when they may reasona⟨bly⟩ be expected.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Henry Knox, 17 May 1778
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

                        sir
                        Park Artillery [Valley Forge] 17th May 1778.

                    I received your Excellency’s Letter of this morning respecting the probable evacuation of Philadelphia by the enemy. The peices of Artillery with the ammunition belonging to them now in Camp will be completed with horses and Geers so as to be mov’d in a day or two. I must depend on the Quarter Master General for Horses and some  Waggons to move the Spare Ammunition, and he will be very soon able to supply the demand.
                    Colonel Flower Commissary Genl Military Stores will supply the small Arms provided he has them, he is now at Lebanon.
                    I gave positive Orders to Mr Cheever Commissary Stores at Springfield in February to send on to Lebanon with the utmost expedition 3500 new Arms. It was impossible he says then to send them as there was no money and teams could not be procur’d without. I was at Springfield on the 25th March and then again give him positive written instructions to procure teams by any means in his power and send on 2000 Arms—The whole number in the Magazines in Massachusetts being about 5000, the remaining 3000 being necessary to arm the recruits in that State and Connecticut.
                    At Albany there were 2460 Muskets fit for Service. On the 30th March I wrote from Fish-Kill to Major Stevens at Albany and in the Strongest terms order’d him to send on to Lebanon or Head Quarters with the greatest expedition 2000 Arms with Bayonets complete. I expected both of those parcels on by the 1st May and beleive nothing has detain’d them but want of teams occasion’d by the derangement of the Quarter Master Generals department. I shall send off two Conductors immediately one towards albany and the other towards Springfield to meet and expedite them on to this Army.
                    Under the present appearance of thi⟨ngs⟩ I submit it your Excellency whether it would not be proper to dispatch new orders respecting the Artillery lately order’d on to this Camp from the east Side Hudsons River. I am with the utmost Respect Your Excellencys most Obedient Humble Servant

                        H. Knox