Title: George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 14 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

Paramus [New Jersey] July 14, 1778. Informs Gates that Army is marching to Haverstraw.


Title: George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, 14 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan

[Paramus, New Jersey, July 14, 1778.] Reports arrival of French fleet. Suggests that eastern states gather available vessels and attempt to intercept an enemy fleet which is expected to arrive momentarily.


Title: George Washington to Comte d’Estaing, 15 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Estaing, Charles-Hector, comte d’

[Haverstraw, New York, July 15, 1778.] Is sending “a small quantity of livestock” and has directed commissary to supply D’Estaing with whatever supplies may be needed.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Patrick Dennis, [16 July 1778]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Dennis, Patrick

[Haverstraw Bay, New York, July 16, 1778]
D Sir
A considerable fleet of french men of war, chiefly ships of the line, has just arrived at Sandy Hook, under the command of Admiral Count D’Estaing. As the Admiral is a stranger, and is come for the purpose of co-operating with us against the Enemy, it is absolutely necessary that he should be attended by some Gentlemen of intelligence and who possess an accurate knowledge of the Coast and harbours. His Excellency General Washington is persuaded you answer this description in every part; and I am directed by him to request you in his name, if circumstances will permit, to go on board the Admiral as early as possible. Your services may be the most important and interesting and such as will give you a just claim to the thanks and notice of your Country. If you can remain with the fleet during their operations in this Quarter it will be infinitely desireable; but if you can not, it will still be of importance for you to see the Count D’Estaing as you may inform him of several points which he may wish to know. His Excellency would have written to you himself upon this subject, but he was under the necessity of leaving Head Qrs early this morning, to visit the posts above on the River. This letter, shewn to the Count D’Estaing will be, I trust a sufficient introduction of you.
I am D Sir Yr: Most Obed. Servant

Alex Hamilton   Aid de Camp
Head Qrs. Haverstraw Bay July 16: 1778
Capt Dennis
in the Neighbourhood of Baskinridge Jersey


Title: Receipt to Joseph Wickers, [19 July 1778]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Wickers, Joseph

[New Brunswick, New Jersey, July 19, 1778]
Received of Mr. Joseph Wickers two horses on public service.
A Hamilton, ADC
Brunswick July 19th 1778


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [20 July 1778]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

[Black Point, New Jersey, July 20, 1778]
Sir,
Inclosed I transmit your Excellency a letter from the Count Destain. He has had the River sounded and finds he cannot enter. He will sail for Rhode Island tomorrow evening; in the mean time he is making demonstrations to deceive the enemy and beget an opinion that he intends to operate in this quarter. He would sail immediately but he waits the arrival, or to hear, of a frigate which carried Mr Gerard to Delaware, and which he appointed to meet him at Sandy Hook, so that he fears, his sudden and unexpected departure, before she arrives might cause her to be lost. He will not however wait longer than ’till tomorrow evening. We have agreed, that five cannon fired briskly shall be a signal of his arrival by day, and the same number, with five sky rockets a signal by night. In communicating this to General Sullivan, the Count wishes not a moment may be lost, and that he may be directed to have persons stationed on the Coast and intermediate expresses to facilitate the Communication between them. Pilots will be a material article. He begs every thing may be forwarded as much as possible; and as many troops collected as may be. He would be glad a detachment could march from your army, or could be sent by water, for which purpose he would send coverning ships, and some vessels he has taken by way of transports; but he cannot think of losing so much time as seems necessary. If the water scheme could shorten it, it would be a happy circumstance. He recommends it to your attention, and that you would take measures if the end can be better answered in this; and meet him with information of the part he may have to act to execute the plan. I perceive he can with difficulty debark 4000 troops but he will try to do it.
I am Sir   Yr. most Respectful & Obedt servant
Alex Hamilton
Black Point July 20th. 1778

I hope your Excellency will excuse my not being myself the bearer of these particulars; the end may be answered by letter. Mr. Neville is anxious to get on. I just have heard of dispatches arrived from you; I don’t know but they may contain something new which may make the Count to wish a good conveyance to return an answer. My stay till tomorrow morning may answer that end. I shall not delay coming forward.


Title: Pay Order for Hire of a Horse, 22 July 1778
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To:

Piscataway [New Jersey] July 22, 1778. Orders that John Langstaff be paid “the usual hire for a mare of his impressed the morning of the 19th. and returned in the evening of the 22d.…” Signed “Alex Hamilton, Aide De Camp.”


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, 23 July [1778]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Newark [New Jersey] July 23rd. One oclock [1778]
Sir,
I wrote to your Excellency the evening of the 20th. by Major Neville. I remained in the neighbourhood of Black Point ’till the afternoon following. The Count had received his expected dispatches from Congress and was to sail, as I mentioned before, the first fair wind. At Brunswick yesterday, Mr Caldwell joined me. He was immediately from the Point and brought intelligence that the fleet got under way yesterday morning. The wind unfortunately has been much against them, which is so much the more to be regretted, as they are rather in want of water. I need not suggest to your Excellency that an essential part of the Rhode Island plan, is to take every possible measure to watch the enemys motions and to establish expresses from place to place to give the Count instant information of any movement among their fleet. This will enable him to be in time to intercept them should they attempt to evacuate New York, while he is at Rhode Island, and will in general facilitate the intercourse and cooperation between him and your Excellency.
I have nothing new to communicate; besides what was sent by Major Neville and what I now send. All the ideas interchanged between the Count and myself were such as were familiar before I left Head Quarters. He was to go to Rhode Island and in conjunction with General Sullivan endeavour to possess himself of the enemy ships and troops there; if on his arrival he had good reason to think it could be effected without further assistance. If not he will be glad of a reinforcement from you in the most expeditious manner possible. What manner you think will be most expeditious you will adopt and if his aid may be useful he will afford it, as soon as he is informed of it.
This being the case my immediate presence at Head Quarters is the less necessary as to this business; and I hope your Excellency will indulge me, if [I] do not make all the dispatch back, which a case of emergency would require; though I do not mean to delay more than a moderate attention to my frail constitution may make not improper.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Elias Boudinot, 26 July 1778
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Boudinot, Elias

Head Quarters [White Plains, New York] July 26th. 1778
Dr. Sir,
I have had the pleasure of receiving your favour of the  instant. Baron Steuben will do me the honor to deliver you this. He waits upon Congress in a temper, which I very much regret—discontented with his situation—and almost resolved to quit the service. You know we have all the best opinion of this Gentleman’s military merit, and shall of course consider his leaving the army as a loss to it. Whether any expedient can be adopted, to reconcile difficulties, and retain him in the service at the same time, that no disgust is given to others, who ought not to be disgusted I cannot certainly determine. But I should conceive it would not be impossible to find such an expedient. You have no doubt heard while you were with the army, of the obstacles thrown in his way by many of the General officers, excited to it by Lee and Miffling as I believe, in the execution of the Inspectorship; and you have, it is equally probable, heard, of the arrangement the General was in a manner obliged to adopt, to silence the clamours which existed among them, and place the Inspectorate upon a footing more conformable to their ideas. The opposition the Baron met with in this case was one cause of dissatisfaction to him. In our march from Brunswick, as the Baron was unemployed and there was a great deficiency of General officers, not withstanding the ideas of the army are against giving a command in the line to a person vested with an office similar to that held by him, The General ventured to give him the temporary command of a division, during the march, in consequence of which the command of a wing devolved upon him. This was a source of offence to many. When we came near the White plains, The General thanked him in general orders for his services, and requested he would resume the exercise of his former office. To this, on account of the opposition he had already met with, and from the original plan for the Inspectorship being mutilated, he discovered very great disinclination, and expressed a desire to preserve a command in the line, and from some conversation we have had together I apprehend, he means to resign his present appointment if he cannot have a command suited to his rank annexed to it. You will see by the General’s letters what are his sentiments both with respect to the duties of the Inspectorship and the Barons holding a command in the line. Far be it from me to wish to contravene his views; you may be assured they cannot be essentially departed from without very serious inconvenience. But if any thing could be done consistent with them to satisfy the Baron, it would be extremely desireable. Perhaps the principle on which the General’s arrangement is formed may be preserved and at the same time, the objects of the Inspectorship enlarged, so as to render it a more important employment. Perhaps a resolution of Congress giving the Baron a right to be employed on detachments, might, for the present, compensate for the want of a permanent command in the line, and might not be disagreeable to the officers. You can sound him on these heads. I need not caution you, that this is a matter of great delicacy and importance, and that every step taken in it ought to be well considered.
I am with the greatest regard and esteem   Dear Sir   Your Most Obedt
A Hamilton


Title: George Washington to Henry Laurens, 26 July 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

White Plains [New York] July 26, 1778. Regrets Baron von Steuben finds it necessary to resign.


Title: Expenses for Trip from Haverstraw, New York, to Black Point, New Jersey, [28 July 1778]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To:

[White Plains, New York, July 28, 1778]

Dollars

Received from Capt Caleb Gibbs of the public money

   in his hands
137
Dollars
137

Paid the expences of travelling for myself five pilots, horses & servants from Head Quarters, to Black Point, so far as vouchers were kept, which

   are herewith £19.4.9
 48

Ballance
89

due from A Hamilton to be charged to his private account

A Hamilton
Head Quarters July 28. 1778


Title: To the Commissary of Clothing from the State of Virginia, 30 July 1778
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Commissary of Clothing from the State of Virginia

Head Quarters WhitePlains [New York] July 30th. 1778
Sir,
His Excellency is informed, that there is a quantity of state-cloathing coming on under your direction for the use of the Virginia troops. It has been hinted to him that measures are taking to get particular regiments fully supplied to the disadvantage of others, which certainly would be altogether inequitable and improper. He desires you will make a point whatever partial applications may be made, to observe one general equal rule in distributing the Cloathing, that every regiment may have a due proportion according to its numbers and wants. This, with proper care you will have it in your power to effect and justice and the good of the service essentially demand the most exact adherence to it.
I am Sir Your most Obedt serv
Alex Hamilton   Aide De Camp


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Brigadier General Louis Le Beque Du Portail, [July–November 1778]
From: Du Portail, Louis Le Bèque
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[July–November, 1778.] Asks Hamilton to assist the Chevalier de Villefranche.


Title: George Washington to Comte d’Estaing, 8 August 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Estaing, Charles-Hector, comte d’

White Plains [New York] August 8, 1778. Regrets hardships that D’Estaing has had to face. Informs D’Estaing of movements of British fleet.


Title: George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 8 August 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

White Plains [New York] August 8, 1778. Asks Sullivan to deliver enclosed letter to D’Estaing.


Title: George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 10 August 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

White Plains [New York] August 10, 1778. Regrets “the tardiness of the militia.” Informs Sullivan of foraging movements of enemy on Long Island.


Title: George Washington to Comte d’Estaing, 12 August 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Estaing, Charles-Hector, comte d’

White Plains [New York] August 12, 1778. States again that British fleet has left “the Hook.”


Title: George Washington to Colonel Peter Gansevoort, 13 August 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Gansevoort, Peter

White Plains [New York] August 13, 1778. Instructs Gansevoort to hold Samuel Gake, who has been found guilty by a court-martial, as a witness against Major Jury Hammell.


Title: George Washington to Henry Laurens, 13 August 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

White Plains [New York] August 13, 1778. Encloses a letter from Major General John Sullivan. Asks for papers concerning Major General Arthur St. Clair, whose trial is about to commence.


Title: George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 19 August 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

White Plains [New York] August 19, 1778. Acknowledges receipt of Sullivan’s news concerning Rhode Island.


Title: George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 19 August 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

White Plains [New York] August 19, 1778. Introduces Colonel Lewis de la Radière of the Corps of Engineers.


Title: George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 22 August 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

White Plains [New York] August 22, 1778. Sends information concerning position of enemy fleet in the Sound.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 24 August 1778
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Wayne, Anthony

Hd Qrs. [White Plains, New York] Aug 24. 78
Sir
Capt Nelson complains at Head Quarters, that he has been eight or nine months in arrest by order of Col Nagle without being brought to trial. This carries upon the face of it the appearance of a great grievance, but as the General has not an opportunity of ascertaining facts himself, he will be obliged to you to inquire fully into the circumstances of the affair, and make a report of the measures which appear to you necessary to be taken. It seems to be a complicated business. I am
Sir   Yr most Obed ser
A Hamilton   Aide de Camp


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Marquis de Lafayette, 26 August 1778
From: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de
To: Hamilton, Alexander

a Rhode Island ce 26. aoust 1778
J’ai recu votre lettre, cher colonel, et j’y aurois repondu plutôt si l’absence de la flotte ne m’avoit pas mis hors d’etat de vous parler d’autre chose que de ma bonne volonté, dont je ne crois pas avoir besoin de vous assurer. Mais j’ai vu Mr le Cte d’estaing, et je puis à present vous parler en son nom. La veneration, la tendresse qu’il a pour notre cher general, joint au sentiment que vous lui avés inspiré, car j’ai mis en avant votre nom dans cette affaire, rendirent inutile l’interet que j’y apportois; j’en ai temoigné cependant beaucoup comme vous pouvés imaginer, et quoique nous eussions un grand sujet à traiter, j’ai terminé celui dont vous m’avés chargé autant que j’ai pu le comprendre.
S’il avoit été dans le pouvoir de l’amiral de donner au Clel fitzgerald le titre de Consul pour tout ce qui se transacteroit au nom du roi dans le sud il l’auroit fait de tout son coeur, mais cela depend de l’ambassadeur auquel il faut en ecrire; quant aux ventes des vaisseaux pris par lui, il ne demande pas mieux; ainsi je suis chargé de vous dire en son nom que tout ce qui depend de lui sur cet article doit etre regardé comme fait. La situation ou il est à present le met hors d’etat d’avoir des prises de quelques jours. Ecrivés moi encore quelle est la forme dans laquelle vous aimés le mieux que la chose soit faite et ecrite, et je vous la renverrai avec la signature de Mr le Cte d’Estaing. Je joins ici une lettre de credit de deux mille louis que Mr. fitzgerald m’a demandé, je vous l’adresse parceque je crains qu’il ne soit parti et que d’ailleurs je remets au premier ordinaire de lui ecrire; faites lui en mes excuses. Je suis si pressé que je ne peux pas ajouter deux mots de plus que ceux que je crois necessaires; il me parle de securités, je ne m’entends pas en affaires, mais vous pourriés arranger cela avec lui, ou avec le general.

Ne soyés pas ettonné si je ne vous ai pas ecrit le même jour que la flotte est allée à boston; il m’en coute pour condamner mes amis les americains. J’hesite à juger, même une partie du peuple qui deshonoreroit par ses sentiments la nation à laquelle elle appartient. C’est avec peine que je dirai même à vous que j’ai vu un nombre de nos compatriotes adoptifs reunis ensemble, et que je les ai vu pour la plupart injustes, ingrats, egoïstes, manquant non seulement aux egards de la politesse mais à toutes les impulsions de l’honneteté la plus commune. Je sais bien qu’il y a des exceptions; j’ai dans mes mains une lettre du Gnl Greene qui en fait foi. Plusieurs americains sont venus rougir ici pour la conduite de leurs freres: mais ce n’est pas general, et si vous voulés vous en convaincre, lisés ma lettre au gnl. Washington.
La flotte a été un moment malheureuse, non par le sort de guerre, les francais ne le sont jamais à force egale, mais par un coup de vent auquel le pouvoir des hommes ne peut pas resister. La victoire düe à leur bravoure leur echappe, et cette bravoure seule sauve quelques vaisseaux sans mâts sans gouvernaïl separés du reste de la flotte. Ils reviennent cependant ici parcequ’ils l’ont promis; mais l’ordre du roi, la nouvelle d’une flotte superieure donnée par le Gnl Sullivan lui même, le manque de provisions, les representations vives de toute la flotte, de tous les Capitaines, enfin tout ce qui peut forcer un homme à faire une demarche qui lui deplait, ont obligé Mr le Cte d’estaing à partir pour boston. J’etois avec lui; j’ai vu ce qui lui en a couté, et j’enrage de voir qu’une troupe d’imbecilles s’avisent de juger un homme que j’admire comme un grand homme, et que j’aime comme un ami tendre parcequ’il a fait ce qu’il ne pouvait pas empêcher—du moins à ce qu’il croyoit.
Vous avés trop de discernement pour ne pas voir que je m’efforce de cacher au general la moitié de tout ce que j’ai souffert, et des horreurs dont j’ai été témoin. Le croiriés vous que moi, moi qui ai l’honneur d’appartenir à la premiere nation du monde, a une nation qui peut etre enviée, mais qui est admirée et respectée de toute l’europe, j’ai été exposé à entendre presque moimême le nom francais prononcé sans respect, peutetre avec mepris, par un troupeau d’yankey’s de la nouvelle angleterre.
Ce n’est pas comme particulier que je suis faché de cela. Je vois cette affaire beaucoup plus en grand; elle pouvoit avoir des suites funestes. Vous me demanderés ce qu’il faut faire, le voici.
Que le Congress approuve la conduite de la flotte, et en presente les remerciments à l’amiral; que mon cher clel hamilton employe son habile plume pour rammener les esprits yankeys. Que le gal washington prenne deux mille hommes choisis (non pas comme grenadiers mais en choisissant les Regiments); qu’il vienne ici, que toute cette milice qui cependant ne vaut pas le diable, fasse semblant de se ranger sous les drapeaux; alors Mr le Cte d’estaing fera le tour, et si vous me donnés deux mille hommes pour appuyer son attaque du côté de la mer, si le gal washington est sur l’isle, je vous reponds du succés sur ma tête.
Dans tous les cas, cher colonel, je pense qu’il faut faire quelque chose qui put etablir sur le champ entre les deux nations cette confiance si necessaire. Mr d’estaing me paroit avoir une infinité de projets, Newport, hallifax, St Augustin &c. &c. et pour l’année prochaine le Canada. Je suis faché qu’il ait si peu de troupes, mais il depend de lui d’en avoir un nombre respectable pour l’autre campagne. Raison de plus pour le menager et le satisfaire. Quant à cette année ici, mandés moi ce que vous croyés qu’il vaudroit le mieux comprendre, sans oublier les isles angloises; et mandés moi ce que vous me conseilleriés de lui proposer pour entrer dans le vües du general. Mr d’estaing regrette tous les jours d’avoir si peu de troupes.
Les officiers genéraux de Rhode island me prient de faire un voyage à boston: je suis prêt à tout, et je ferai tout ce qui dependra de moi pour le succés de leurs desirs et du bien commun. J’aime l’amerique. J’en aime surtout le sauveur et le protecteur; ce n’est pas contre l’amerique que je suis en colere, c’est contre ceux qui la deshonorent par des sentiments qui ne sont faits que pour les torys.
Je suis persuadé qu’il n’y a rien de si aisé que d’etablir l’intelligence entre les deux nations. Que si j’avois des troupes americaines et francaises ensemble comme je le devois sur cette isle j’etablirois la meilleure union. Il est piquant de voir tout cela manquer par maladresse, et c’est pour cela que je desire le general. Cependant je ferai ce que je pourrai pour engager Mr le Cte d’estaing à venir tout de suite, et il le fera, j’en reponds, si c’est possible. Je voudrois que le gal washington lui envoyat un courier. Je vous ecrirai de boston ou vous sentés que je ne resterai pas longtems. Adieu


Title: George Washington to George Clinton, 28 August 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

[White Plains, New York] August 28, 1778. Asks Clinton to call out militia and states that French fleet has departed for Boston.


Title: George Washington to Major General William Heath, 28 August 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

White Plains [New York] August 28, 1778. Advises, for reasons of policy, that removal of French fleet from Rhode Island be attributed to damages caused by a storm. Asks Heath to use his influence to obtain assistance for fleet.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Elisha Boudinot, [29 August 1778]
From: Boudinot, Elisha
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[White Plains, New York, August 29, 1778]Saturday Morng. 5 oClock
The Person I mentioned to you came over last Night and informs me, that General Clinton with his whole Army has set off for Rhode Island. They are gone up the Sound and across the East End of Long Island. There are only a small Guard left in the City. Not a Canoe is suffered to pass up the East River least it should be known, they moved with the utmost secrecy. As it might be you have not heard of this movement I send this by Express.
I am, with Esteem Yours as ever
Elisha Boudinot
Col. Hamilton


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Marquis de Lafayette, 1 September 1778
From: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de
To: Hamilton, Alexander

A Yorktown [Rhode Island] ce 1er Septembre 1778
Ne suis je pas bien malheureux, cher colonel, on me pousse pour aller à boston, on me chasse de Rhode island, ils n’ont ni repos ni patience que je ne sois parti, et le même jour que je m’absente est le seul où j’aurois du, où j’aurois voulu etre dans l’isle. Le diable en veut dans ce moment à tous les francois; heureusement que je viens de l’attrapper car à force de courir je suis arrivé à tems pour l’evacuation dont il vouloit encore me priver. Le malheur de ne pas etre à la premiere affaire m’a fait la peine la plus vive, et je ne m’en consolerai jamais quoique ce soit bien loin d’etre ma faute. Ces deux retraites font honneur aux troupes et au general Sullivan qui s’y est conduit parfaitement, elles en font peu aux anglois, et à leurs generaux qui n’ont montré ni activité ni genie du moins à ce qu’il me paroit.
Le malheureux Mr tousard a eu le bras emporté au milieu d’une des actions les plus valeureuses qui ait été faite. C’est un homme aussi brave qu’il est honnête. Je crains d’embarrasser le general en lui mandant ce que je voudrois qu’on fit pour lui; mais la commission de Major ne pourroitelle pas se changer en celle de lieutenant colonel; il avoit fait un arrangement avant de partir, le grand arrangement de Mr du Coudray ou en cas de la perte d’un membre ils devoient avoir une pension de tant. Cet arrangement-là qui comme vous savés n’a pas été accepté, ne pourroit-il pas se renouveller en sa faveur.
Il faut que vous me rendiés un grand service; c’est me mander le plus de details possibles sur la flotte de lord howe, les troupes qui restent à New York &c. &c. Mr d’estaing a beaucoup de raisons de croire qu’il est arrivé quelques vaisseaux d’angletterre, entre autres le Cornwall. Mandés-moi, mon cher hamilton dans une longue lettre, ce que vous pensés sur ce qui a été fait, ce qui va se faire, et ce qui pourroit etre fait dans la suite. Votre depêche me trouvera à warren petite ville près de la providence où je vais m’occuper à garder beaucoup de pays avec peu de troupes, et où sans repondre d’empêcher une descente des ennemis, je ferai le moins mal possible. A forces egales je tacherai de les battre. On me flatte que le general viendra ici lui même; dieu le veuille. Les affaires sur lesquelles je vous ai ecrit mes complaintes s’appaisent un peu mais pour prendre Rhode island il nous faut le gal washington.
J’attends de vos nouvelles par Mr de pontgibault et finirai simplement ma lettre en vous assurant de mon tendre attachement.
Lafayette
Faites un million de compliments à toute la famille et a Mr de Chouin. Il y a dans l’armée deux epées pour moi envoiées par Mr carmichale et dont l’aide de camp de Mr de Kalb doit savoir des nouvelles. Envoyés-les-moi par un exprés.


Title: George Washington to Comte d’Estaing, 2 September 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Estaing, Charles-Hector, comte d’

White Plains [New York] September 2, 1778. Regrets effects of a storm on French fleet, but assures D’Estaing of every assistance possible to repair damages. Sends news of movements of British fleet.


Title: George Washington to Jean Baptiste de Ternant, 2 September 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Ternant, Jean Baptiste de

[White Plains, New York] September 2, 1778. Discusses Ternant’s rank.


Title: George Washington to Comte d’Estaing, 3 September 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Estaing, Charles-Hector, comte d’

White Plains [New York] September 3, 1778. Sends news of arrival of four British ships of war at “the Hook” and encloses a New York newspaper stating arrival of Admiral Hyde Parker with six ships of the line.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Cornet Larkin Dorsey, [4 September 1778]
From: Dorsey, Cornet Larkin
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[September 4, 1778]. Resigns his commission.


Title: George Washington to Colonel William Malcom, [7–8] September 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Malcom, William

[White Plains, New York] September [7–8] 1778. Instructs Malcom and Colonel Thaddeus Kosciuszko to cooperate with Brigadier General Du Portail in examination of fortifications of Highlands.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Elias Boudinot, 8 September 1778
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Boudinot, Elias

Head Quarters [White Plains, New York] Sepr 8th. 78.
My Dear Sir,
It is a long time since I have had either the pleasure of writing to you or of hearing from you. The long letter you promised me through Colonel Harrison, which was to come by Baron Steuben has not made its appearance. I imagine you must have changed your mind.
You are not to expect when you see this letter, that I have anything worth your attention to say to you; I write merely to show you that I continue mindful of my promise and my friends; and when I began, I had scarcely digested a single idea which was to be the subject of my epistle.
But just at this moment one matter comes into my recollection, which is of some importance to the public; and which you as a member of Congress, are in a peculiar manner interested in. You know the feuds and discontents which have attended the departure of the French fleet from Rhode-Island. You are probably not uninformed of the imprudent conduct of General Sullivan, on the occasion—particularly in the orders he issued charging our allies with refusing to assist us. This procedure was the summit of folly and has made a very deep impression upon the minds of the Frenchmen in general, who naturally consider it as an unjust and ungenerous reflection on their nation. The stigmatizing an ally in public orders and one with whom we mean to continue in amity was certainlly a piece of absurdity without parallel. The Frenchmen expect the state will reprobate the conduct of their General, and by that means, make atonement for the stain he has attempted to bring upon French honor. Something of this kind seems necessary and will in all likelihood be expected by the Court of France; but the manner of doing it suggests a question of great delicacy and difficulty, which I find myself unable to solve.
The temper with which General Sullivan was actuated was too analogous to that which appeared in the generality of those concerned with him in the expedition, and to the sentiments prevailing among the people. Though men of discression will feel the impropriety of his conduct; yet there are too many who will be ready to make a common cause with him against any attempt of the public authority to convince him of his presumption, unless the business is managed with great address and circumspection. The credit universally given him for a happy and well conducted retreat, will strengthen the sentiments in his favour, and give an air of cruelty to any species of disgrace, which might be thrown upon a man, who will be thought rather to deserve the esteem and applause of his country. To know how to strike the proper string will require more skill, than I am master of; but I would offer this general hint, that there should be a proper mixture of the sweet and bitter in the potion which may be administered.
I am sure it will give you pleasure to have heard, that our friend Greene did ample justice to himself on this expedition; and that Laurens was as conspicuous as usual. But while we celebrate our friends and countrymen, we should not be forgetful of those meritorious strangers, who are sharing the toils and dangers of America. Without derogating from the merit of the other French Gentlemen who distinguished themselves, Mr. Toussard may be justly allowed a preheminent place. In the enthousiasm of heroic valour, he attempted single and unseconded, to possess himself of one of the enemy’s field pieces, which he saw weakly defended. He did not effect it and the loss of his arm was the price of his bravery; his horse was shot under him at the same time; but we should not the less admire the boldness of the exploit, from a failure in the success. This Gentleman has now in another and more signal instance justified the good opinion I have long entertained of him, and merited by a fresh testimony of his zeal as well as a new stroke of misfortune the consideration of Congress. The splendid action he has now performed, and for which he has paid so dear, should neither be concealed from the public eye, nor the public patronage. You are at liberty to commit this part of my letter to the press.
I am my Dear Sir   With the most Affecto Attachm   Yr. Obedt servt
Alex Hamilton


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Major General Horatio Gates, [8 September 1778]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Gates, Horatio

[White Plains, New York, September 8, 1778]
Sir,
His Excellency desires me to inform you that having received information of the enemy’s being out advanced this side of Wards House, He thought it prudent to put the troops quietly under arms and has sent orders to the several Brigades for this purpose. This is the second note, I have written, the first the horsemen lost.
I am Sir   Yr. most Obed servant
Alex Hamilton   Aide De Camp
Head QuartersSepr. 8th. 78


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to ———, [12 September 1778]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To:

[White Plains, New York, September 12, 1778]
Sir,
Mr. Chouin the French Gentleman who lives at Head Quarters informs he has heard you had a bear-skin, which you would part with; and requests me to inquire if it is so. I told him I thought it very improbable you should have any but what you wanted for your own use; but for his satisfaction would inquire how the matter stands.
I am Sir   Yr most Obed ser
A Hamilton
Sepr. 12th.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Major General Horatio Gates, 12 September 1778
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Gates, Horatio

[White Plains, New York] 12. Sept. 1778
Sir,
His Excellency commands me to inform you, that he has received advice, that the enemy, who had made a debarkation at Bedford, after burning the little town, had reimbarked their troops and were hovering about the Coast. He does not think it expedient that you should advance too far from the army and therefore desires, that you will halt near Bedford ’till you hear further from him.
I am Sir   Your most Obed   servant
A Hamilton   Aide De Camp
Head QuartersSepr. 12h, 1778


Title: George Washington to Henry Laurens, 12 September 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

White Plains [New York] September 12, 1778. Transmits a copy of report of “a Board of Officers” on proposed Canadian expedition. Discusses importance of project and problems involved.


Title: George Washington to Major General William Heath, 13 September 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

White Plains [New York] September 13, 1778. Orders that clothing be forwarded from Boston to Springfield and Hartford.


Title: George Washington to Major General Nathanael Greene, 14 September 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

White Plains [New York] September 14, 1778. States that clothing is to be forwarded from Boston to the Army. Asks Greene to cooperate with Major General William Heath to assure safe and quick delivery of clothing.


Title: George Washington to Baron de Kalb, 15 September 1778
From: Washington, George
To: De Kalb, Baron

[White Plains, New York] September 15, 1778. Sends marching orders. De Kalb is to be under command of Major General Israel Putnam until Croton Bridge and under command of Lord Stirling thereafter.


Title: George Washington to Major General Charles Lee, 15 September 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Charles

[White Plains, New York] September 15, 1778. Grants Lee’s request to go to Philadelphia.


Title: George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 15 September 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

[White Plains, New York] September 15, 1778. Orders Putnam to march to West Point to reinforce garrisons in Highlands.


Title: George Washington to the Quartermaster General, 15 September 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Quartermaster General

[White Plains, New York] September 15, 1778. Sends order of the march.


Title: George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 19 September 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

West Point, September 19, 1778. Orders Putnam to camp on east side of the Hudson River, to dismiss Connecticut and New York militia, and to send parties to aid in work on the garrisons.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Major General William Alexander, Lord Stirling, [20 September 1778]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Stirling, Lord (née William Alexander)

[Fredericksburg, New York, September 20, 1778]
My Lord
His Excellency finds the relative situation of the country hereabouts something different from what his information led him to conceive and that Fredericksburgh is not quite that intermediate Point between Danbury and the Highlands, which would answer his views but is too far Northerly. He therefore desires you will halt on the ground this will find you upon ’till further orders. He will have a post reconnoitred and give you directions to move to it. I am with great regard
Yr. Lordships   Most obd ser
A Hamilton   Aide De Camp
Head Qrs. Freds. Sepr. 20th. 1778


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from James McHenry, [21 September 1778]
From: McHenry, James
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[Fredericksburg, New York, September 21, 1778]
Sir,
In order to get rid of your present accumulations you will be pleased to take the pills agreeable to the directions; and to prevent future accumulations observe the following table of diet.
This will have a tendency also to correct your wit.
I would advise for your breakfast two cups of tea sweetened, with brown sugar, and coloured with about a teaspoonful of milk. I prefer brown sugar to loaf because it is more laxitive, and I forbid the free use of milk until your stomach recovers its natural powers. At present you would feel less uneasiness in digesting a pound of beef than a pint of milk.
You will not drink your tea just as it comes out of the pot; let it have time to cool. The astringency of the tea is more than counterbalanced by the relaxing quality of the hot-water.
For your dinner, let me recommend about six ounces of beef or mutton, either boiled or roasted, with eight or ten ounces of bread. Cut the meat from the tenderest part with little or no fat & use the natural juice, but no rancid oily gravy whatsoever. For some time I would prefer the beef, because it contains more of a natural animal stimulii than mutton. Once or twice a week you may indulge in a thin slice of ham. Your best condiment will be salt.

You must not eat as many vegitables as you please; a load of vegitables is as hurtful as a load of any other food. Besides the absurdity of crouding in a heap of discordant vegitables with a large quantity of meat [is] too much of itself for the digestive powers. You may eat a few potatoes every day.
Water is the most general solvent—the kindliest diluent, and the best assister in the process of digestion. I would therefore advise it for your table drink. When you indulge in wine let [it] be sparingly—never go beyond three glasses—but by no means every day.
I strictly forbid all eatables which I do not mention principally because a formula of diet for your case should be simple and short.
Should this table be strictly observed, it will soon become of little use, because you will have recovered that degree of health, which is compatible with the nature of your constitution. You will then be your own councellor in diet, for the man who has had ten years experience in eating and its consequences is a fool if he does not know how to choose his dishes better than his doctor.
But in case you should fall into a debauch, you must next day have recourse to the pills. I hope however that you will not have recourse to them often. The great Paracelsus trusted to his pill to destroy the effects of intemperance, but he died (if I forget not) about the age of 30 notwithstanding his pill. Lewis Cornaro the Italian, was wiser; he trusted to an egg, and I think lived to above ninety.

For Colonel Hamilton
Septr.  21  1778   McHenry.


Title: George Washington to Comte d’Estaing, 22 September 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Estaing, Charles-Hector, comte d’

Fredericksburg [New York] September 22, 1778. Reports that Major de Chouin will explain to D’Estaing the situation of both the enemy and the American army.


Title: George Washington to Major General Nathanael Greene, 22 September 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

Fredericksburg [New York] September 22, 1778. States that provisions for the French fleet have not arrived. Asks Greene to see “that every possible expedient may be embraced to promote” the forwarding of supplies.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Baron de Kalb, 24 September 1778
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: De Kalb, Baron

HQ Fredericksburgh [New York]Sepr. 24. 1778
Sir,
His Excellency has received advice, that the enemy have made an incursion into the Jerseys and that another body of troops has advanced beyond Kings bridge. Though He apprehends the object of these parties can only be a forage; it is possible they may intend something against the Highlands. He therefore thinks it necessary to give you this intimation, that you may hold yourself in readiness to march at the shortest notice; but You will not proceed until you hear further from him, or until you get such advice from General Putnam as was mentioned in His letter of the 22d, in which case you will do as there directed.
I am Sir   Your most Obedt serv
A Hamilton   ADC


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Colonel William Malcom, 24 September 1778
From: Malcom, William
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[West Point, September 24, 1778. On September 25, 1778, Hamilton wrote to Malcom: “I received your letter of yesterday.” Letter not found.]


Title: George Washington to George Measam, 24 September 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Measam, George

Fredericksburg [New York] September 24, 1778. Orders Measam to Hartford and Springfield to supervise repacking of clothing that is being forwarded from Boston.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Colonel William Malcom, [25 September 1778]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Malcom, William

[Fredericksburg, New York, September 25, 1778]
Dr. Sir,
I received your letter of yesterday and have procured a warrant from His Excellency for 2000 dollars, the money for which I should receive and transmit; but it seems the Pay Master General has none at present in hand. I therefore inclose the warrant.
His Excellency commands me to acknowledge the receipt of your favour of the 23d. He hopes your future supply of men will be regular and ample and depends on your exertions for forwarding the works with all possible dispatch.
Our accounts from various quarters correspond with your idea that the enemy are about to evacuate; but I am sorry that appearances do no[t] yet seem to me so decisive as might be wished. Any intelligence you can procure, that may serve to throw light upon their designs, will be very acceptable to His Excellency.
Dr Sir   Your most Obedt serv
A Hamilton   Aide De Camp
Head Quarters Sepr. 25th 1778


Title: George Washington to Colonel George Baylor, 27 September 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Baylor, George

Fredericksburg [New York] September 27, 1778. Instructs Baylor to join brigade that Major General Israel Putnam is sending to Clarkstown.


Title: George Washington to Baron de Kalb, 27 September 1778
From: Washington, George
To: De Kalb, Baron

Fredericksburg [New York] September 27, 1778. Instructs De Kalb to send a brigade to Fishkill to replace a division that Major General Israel Putnam is sending to New Jersey.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Major General William Alexander, Lord Stirling, 28 September 1778
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Stirling, Lord (née William Alexander)

Fredericksburg [New York] September 28, 1778. Sends instructions for Stirling’s command in New Jersey.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Charles Pettit, [29 September 1778]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Pettit, Charles

[Fredericksburg, New York, September 29, 1778]
Sir
In answer to your favor of this morning, His Excellency desires me to inform you, that the matter in question between the officers & you, involves considerations too delicate to admit of his interference. It should be the subject of compromise between yourselves; He wishes some mode could be agreed upon mutually satisfactory, and thinks as far as the public service will justify it, a liberal price should be allowed.
Yrs &c
A H. ADC
Hd Qrs. 29th. Sept 78


Title: George Washington to Major General William Heath, 29 September 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

Fredericksburg [New York] September 29, 1778. Introduces Brigadier General Du Portail who is to examine the fortifications at Boston.


Title: George Washington to Marquis de Vienne, 29 September 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Vienne, Louis-Pierre, marquis de

Fredericksburg [New York] September 29, 1778. Reports that De Vienne’s request for a furlough has been sent to Continental Congress.


Title: George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 30 September 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

Fredericksburg [New York] September 30, 1778. Sends news of enemy’s movements in New Jersey.


Title: Pay Order, 2 October 1778
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To:

[Fishkill, New York] October 2, 1778. Directs Paymaster to send pay to Godlip Danroth of the German Regiment.


Title: George Washington to Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 2 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Wayne, Anthony

Fishkill [New York] October 2, 1778. Orders repair of road from Bulls Iron Works to Litchfield.


Title: George Washington to the Director of Clothing at Hartford and Springfield, 2 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Director of Clothing at Hartford and Springfield

Fishkill [New York] October 2, 1778. Orders shoes, stockings, and blankets for Army.


Title: George Washington to Brigadier General Jacob Bayley, 3 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Bayley, Jacob

Fishkill [New York] October 3, 1778. Discusses problem of supplies for expedition against Canada.


Title: George Washington to Henry Laurens, 3 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

Fishkill [New York] October 3, 1778. Sends information concerning enemy’s movements in New Jersey.


Title: George Washington to Major General William Alexander, Lord Stirling, 4 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (née William Alexander)

[Fishkill, New York] October 4, 1778. Requests daily reports on situation in New Jersey.


Title: George Washington to Otis and Andrews, 4 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Otis and Andrews

Fishkill [New York] October 4, 1778. Orders Otis and Andrews to supply Major General John Sullivan’s troops with coats.


Title: George Washington to Major Richard Howell, 5 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Howell, Richard

Fishkill [New York] October 5, 1778. Orders Howell to check on rumor that British fleet has sailed in search of French fleet.


Title: George Washington to the Committee of Arrangement from Congress, 6 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Committee of Arrangement from Congress

Fishkill [New York] October 6, 1778. Discusses problem of enlisting deserters and prisoners.


Title: George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 7 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

[Fishkill, New York] October 7, 1778. Discusses probable British moves. Instructs Gates to repair certain roads to the eastward.


Title: George Washington to Baron de Kalb, 8 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: De Kalb, Baron

[Fishkill, New York] October 8, 1778. States that “the former directions given you respecting the objects of your division and the conduct you are to observe with regard to the Highland post still continue in force.”


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Major John Bigelow, 9 October 1778
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Bigelow, John

Head Quarters Fredericksburgh[New York] October 9th. 1778
Sir,
By His Excellency’s command, I am to request, you will immediately furnish him with an exact return of all the cloaths and materials for cloathing, you have provided in consequence of orders from Congress or the Board of War. This return must also show, what you have delivered, when and to whom, and what now remains in yr. possession. You will be pleased to be as accurate as possible.
I am Sir   Your most Obedt. servant
Alex Hamilton   Aide De Camp
You will also make a return of any state cloathing you may have provided, but will let it be distinct from the other.


Title: George Washington to George Measam, 9 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Measam, George

Fredericksburg [New York] October 9, 1778. Asks that clothing be repacked and delivered immediately.


Title: George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 11 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

Fredericksburg [New York] October 11, 1778. Thanks Gates for intelligence concerning sailing of British fleet.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Brigadier General Henry Knox, 12 October 1778
From: Knox, Henry
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[Fredericksburg, New York] October 12, 1778. States desire of Captain-Lieutenant Daniel Gano, Second Continental Artillery, to resign.


Title: George Washington to Comte d’Estaing, 13 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Estaing, Charles-Hector, comte d’

Fredericksburg [New York] October 13, 1778. Sends British account of naval battle in which Comte d’Orvilliers commanded French fleet. Reports that English fleet is still at “the Hook.”


Title: George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Eleazar Oswald, 14 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Oswald, Eleazar

Fredericksburg [New York] October 14, 1778. Discusses Oswald’s rank and regrets Oswald’s decision to resign.


Title: George Washington to the Major and Brigadier Generals, 14 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Major and Brigadier Generals

Fredericksburg [New York] October 14, 1778. Asks for opinions on winter quarters for Army.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Charles Pettit, 16 October 1778
From: Pettit, Charles
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Fredericksburg [New York] October 16, 1778. Describes “Preparations made and making for the Building of Barracks on Hudson’s River.”


Title: Publius Letter, I, [16 October 1778]
From: Hamilton, Alexander,“Publius”
To:

[Poughkeepsie, New York, October 16, 1778]
Mr. Holt,
There are abuses in the State, which demand an immediate remedy. Important political characters must be brought upon the stage, and animadverted upon with freedom. The opinion I have of the independence of your spirit, convinces me you will ever be a faithful guardian of the liberty of the press; and determine me to commit to you the publication of a series of letters, which will give you an opportunity of exemplifying it. The following is by way of prelude. You may depend I shall always preserve the decency and respect, due either to the government of the United States, or to the government of any particular State; but I shall not conceive myself bound to use any extraordinary ceremony with the characters of corrupt individuals, however exalted their stations.
Poughkeepsie, October 16, 1778.
To the Printer of the New-York Journal
Sir,
While every method is taken to bring to justice those men, whose principles and practices have been hostile to the present revolution; it is to be lamented, that the conduct of another class, equally criminal, and, if possible, more mischievous, has hitherto passed with impunity, and almost without notice—I mean that tribe—who, taking advantage of the times, have carried the spirit of monopoly and extortion, to an excess, which scarcely admits of a parallel. Emboldened by the success of progressive impositions, it has extended to all the necessaries of life. The exorbitant price of every article, and the depreciation of our currency are evils, derived essentially from this source. When avarice takes the lead in a State, it is commonly the forerunner of its fall. How shocking is it to discover among ourselves, even at this early period, the strongest symptoms of this fatal disease?
There are men in all countries, the business of whose lives it is, to raise themselves above indigence, by every little art in their power. When these men are observed to be influenced by the spirit I have mentioned, it is nothing more than might be expected, and can only excite contempt. When others, who have characters to support, and credit enough in the world to satisfy a moderate appetite for wealth, in an honorable way, are found to be actuated by the same spirit, our contempt is mixed with indignation. But when a man, appointed to be the guardian of the State, and the depositary of the happiness and morals of the people—forgetful of the solemn relation, in which he stands—descends to the dishonest artifices of a mercantile projector, and sacrifices his conscience and his trust to pecuniary motives; there is no strain of abhorrence, of which the human mind is capable, nor punishment, the vengeance of the people can inflict, which may not be applied to him, with justice. If it should have happened that a Member of C———ss has been this degenerate character, and has been known to turn the knowledge of secrets, to which his office gave him access, to the purposes of private profit, by employing emissaries to engross an article of immediate necessity to the public service; he ought to feel the utmost rigor of public resentment, and be detested as a traitor of the worst and most dangerous kind.
Publius


Title: George Washington to George Clinton, 17 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

Fredericksburg [New York] October 17, 1778. Discusses details of expedition against Anaquaga, New York.


Title: George Washington to George Clinton, 18 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

Fredericksburg [New York] October 18, 1778. Again sends information of expedition to Anaquaga.


Title: George Washington to Comte d’Estaing, 18 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Estaing, Charles-Hector, comte d’

Fredericksburg [New York] October 18, 1778. Acknowledges receipt of D’Estaing’s letters. Encloses extracts of information concerning the enemy.


Title: George Washington to Brigadier General Edward Hand, 19 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Hand, Edward

Fredericksburg [New York] October 19, 1778. Orders Hand to Albany and sends details of the proposed expedition against Anaquaga.


Title: George Washington to Brigadier General John Stark, 19 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Stark, John

Fredericksburg [New York] October 19, 1778. Orders Stark to Providence.


Title: George Washington to Major General William Alexander, Lord Stirling, 21 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (née William Alexander)

Fredericksburg [New York] October 21, 1778. Asks Stirling to investigate existing “commerce” between enemy and inhabitants of New Jersey.


Title: George Washington to Henry Laurens, 21 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

Fredericksburg [New York] October 21, 1778. Introduces Lieutenant Colonel Mauduit du Plessis, who wishes to leave country.


Title: George Washington to Comte d’Estaing, 22 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Estaing, Charles-Hector, comte d’

Fredericksburg [New York] October 22, 1778. Sends news of departure of British fleet, which is presumably bound for West Indies.


Title: George Washington to Major General Alexander McDougall, 24 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

Fredericksburg [New York] October 24, 1778. Informs McDougall that Major General Horatio Gates has been given instructions about proceeding to the danger area.


Title: George Washington to Comte d’Estaing, 25 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Estaing, Charles-Hector, comte d’

Fredericksburg [New York] October 25, 1778. Was in error in last letter in that British troops that had embarked were not on board ship that sailed.


Title: Publius Letter, II, [26 October 1778]
From: Hamilton, Alexander,“Publius”
To:

[Poughkeepsie, New York, October 26, 1778]
Sir,
The honor of being the hero of a public panegeric, is what you could hardly have aspired to, either from your talents, or from your good qualities. The partiality of your friends has never given you credit for more than mediocrity in the former; and experience has proved, that you are indebted for all your consequence, to the reverse of the latter. Had you not struck out a new line of prostitution for yourself, you might still have remained unnoticed, and contemptible—your name scarcely known beyond the little circle of your electors and clients, and recorded only in the journals of C–––––ss. But you have now forced yourself into view, in a light too singular and conspicuous to be over-looked, and have acquired an indisputed title to be immortalised in infamy.
I admire the boldness of your genius, and confess you have exceeded expectation. Though from your first appearance in the world, you gave the happiest presages of your future life, and the plainest marks of your being unfettered by any of those nice scruples, from which men of principle find so much inconvenience; yet your disposition was not understood in its full extent. You were thought to possess a degree of discretion and natural timidity, which would restrain you from any hazardous extremes. You have the merit both of contradicting this opinion and discovering, that notwithstanding our youth and inexperience as a nation, we begin to emulate the most veteran and accomplished states in the arts of corruption. You have shown that America can already boast at least one public character as abandoned as any the history of past or present times can produce.
Were your associates in power of a congenial temper with yourself, you might hope, that your address and dexterity, upon a late occasion, would give a new and advantageous impression of your abilities; and recommend you to employment in some important negociation, which might afford you other opportunities of gratifying your favourite inclination, at the expence of the public. It is unfortunate for the reputation of Governor Johnstone, and for the  benevolent purposes of his royal master, that he was not acquainted with the frailties of your character, before he made his experiment on men, whose integrity was above temptation. If he had known you, and had thought your services worth purchasing, he might have played a sure game, and avoided the risk of exposing himself to contempt and ridicule. And you, Sir, might have made your fortune at one decisive stroke.
It is matter of curious inquiry, what could have raised you in the first instance, and supported you since, in your present elevation. I never knew a single man, but was ready to do ample justice to your demerit. The most indulgent opinion of the qualifications of your head and heart, could not offend the modest delicacy of your ear, or give the smallest cause of exultation to your vanity. It is your lot to have the peculiar privilege of being universally despised. Excluded, from all recourse to your abilities or virtues, there is only one way in which I can account for the rank you hold in the political scale. There are seasons in every country, when noise and impudence pass current for worth; and in popular commotions especially, the clamours of interested and factious men are often mistaken for patriotism. You prudently took advantage of the commencement of the contest, to ingratiate yourself in the favour of the people, and gain an ascendant in their confidence—by appearing a zealous assertor of their rights. No man will suspect you of the folly of public spirit; a heart notoriously selfish, exempts you from any charge of this nature and obliges us to resolve the part you took, into opposite principles. A desire of popularity, and a rivalship with the ministry, will best explain them. Their attempt to confine the sale of a lucrative article of commerce, to the East-India company; must have been more unpardonable in the sight of a monopolist, than the most daring attack upon the public liberty. There is a vulgar maxim, which has a pointed emphasis in your case, and has made many notable patriots in this dispute.
It sometimes happens, that a temporary caprice of the people, leads them to make choice of men, whom they neither love nor respect; and that they afterwards, from an indolent and mechanical habit, natural to the human mind, continue their confidence and support, merely because they had once conferred them. I cannot persuade myself, that your influence rests upon a better foundation, and I think the finishing touch you have given to the profligacy of your character, must rouse the recollection of the people, and force them to strip you of a dignity which sets so aukwardly upon you, and consign you to that disgrace, which is due to a scandalous perversion of your trust.
When you resolved to avail yourself of the extraordinary demand for the article of flour, which the wants of the French fleet must produce, and which your official situation, early impressed on your attention—to form connections for monopolizing that article, and raising the price upon the public more than an hundred per cent.—when by your intrigues and studied delays, you protracted the determination of the C–––-tt–––-e of C–––-ss, on the proposals made by Mr. W–––-sw–––-th, C–––-ss–––-y G–––-n–––-l, for procuring the necessary supplies for the public use—to give your agents time to complete their purchases—I say when you were doing all this, and engaging in a traffic infamous in itself, repugnant to your station, and ruinous to your country—did you pause and allow yourself a moment’s reflection on the consequences? Were you infatuated enough to imagine you would be able to conceal the part you were acting? Or had you conceived a thorough contempt of reputation, and a total indifference to the opinion of the world? Envelopped in the promised gratification of your avarice, you probably forgot to consult your understanding, and lost sight of every consideration that ought to have regulated the man, the citizen, or the statesman.
I am aware, that you could never have done what you have without first obtaining a noble victory over every sentiment of honor and generosity. You have therefore nothing to fear from the reproaches of your own mind. Your insensibility secures you from remorse. But there are arguments powerful enough to extort repentance, even from a temper, as callous as yours. You are a man of the world, Sir, Your self-love forces you to respect its decisions and your utmost credit with it, will not bear the test of your recent enormities, or skreen you from the fate you deserve.


Title: George Washington to George Measam, 27 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Measam, George

Fredericksburg [New York] October 27, 1778. Instructs Measam to supply Major General Horatio Gates with new clothing.


Title: George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 29 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

Fredericksburg [New York] October 29, 1778. States that Congress has ordered Gates to Boston to assume command there. Advises recall of militia at Boston.


Title: George Washington to Major General William Heath, 29 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

[Fredericksburg, New York] October 29, 1778. Has forwarded to Congress Heath’s requisition for flour.


Title: George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 29 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

Fredericksburg [New York] October 29, 1778. Reports that British troops that embarked did not sail. Encloses copy of a congressional resolve.


Title: George Washington to Brigadier General Charles Scott, 31 October 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Scott, Charles

[Fredericksburg New York] October 31, 1778. Is doubtful about plans of the British. Asks Scott to obtain information concerning British plans for forage and wood. Regrets Scott finds it necessary to resign.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Colonel Goose Van Schaick, 3 November 1778
From: Van Schaick, Goose
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[November 3, 1778. On November 4, 1778, Hamilton wrote to Van Schaick: “I have received your favour of Yesterday.” Letter not found.]


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Major General Alexander McDougall, 4 November 1778
From: McDougall, Alexander
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[Near Milford, Connecticut, November 4, 1778. On November 8, 1778, Hamilton wrote to McDougall: “I have received your favor of the 4th.” Letter not found.]


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Colonel Goose Van Schaick, [4 November 1778]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Van Schaick, Goose

[Fredericksburg, New York, November 4, 1778]
Sir
I have received your favour of Yesterday. His Excellency desires me to inform you, that you are to march Immediately on receiving your Clothing to Fort Schuyler. He wishes you to Arrive there as speedily as possible. This you will pleas[e] to communicate to General Clinton and Act accordingly.
I am sir Your most Obedient servant
Alex. Hamilton   Aide de Camp
Head Quarters
Novbr. 4th 1778


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Colonel Charles Armand, 5 November 1778
From: Armand, Charles
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[Near Fredericksburg, New York] November 5, 1778. Needs equipment and money with which to pay troops. Asks for certificate of service from Washington.


Title: George Washington to Comte d’Estaing, 5 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Estaing, Charles-Hector, comte d’

Fredericksburg [New York] November 5, 1778. Reports that British ships have sailed from Sandy Hook.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Major General Nathanael Greene, [8 November 1778]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Greene, Nathanael

[Fredericksburg, New York, November 8, 1778]
Sir
His Excellency requests you will direct a couple sets of tools provided and sent to General McDougall to blow up rocks which greatly impede his carting &c.
I am Sir   Yr. Most Obedt
A Hamilton   Aide De Camp
Hd. QrsNovr. 8th. 1778


Title: George Washington to Henry Laurens, 13 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

Fredericksburg [New York] November 13, 1778. States that Baron von Steuben waits upon Congress on the subject of the inspectorship.


Title: George Washington to Henry Laurens, 14 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

Fredericksburg [New York] November 14, 1778. Discusses advantages and disadvantages of proposed Canadian expedition.


Title: Publius Letter, III, [16 November 1778]
From: Hamilton, Alexander,“Publius”
To:

[Poughkeepsie, New York, November 16, 1778]
Sir,
It may appear strange, that you should be made a second time the principal figure of a piece intended for the public eye. But a character, insignificant in every other respect, may become interesting from the number and magnitude of its vices. In this view you have a right to the first marks of distinction; and I regret that I feel any reluctance to render you the liberal tribute you deserve: But I reverence humanity, and would not wish to pour a blush upon the checks of its advocates; were I inclined to make a satire upon the species, I would attempt a faithful description of your heart. It is hard to conceive, in theory, one of more finished depravity. There are some men, whose vices are blended with qualities that cast a lustre upon them, and force us to admire—while we detest!—yours are pure and unmixed, without a single solitary excellence, even to serve for contrast and variety.
The defects however, of your private character, shall pass untouched. I shall not trace you back to those licentious scenes, in which the unthinking levity of youth might plead your excuse, tho’ the maturer habits of the present period, exhibit fresh proofs of the same byass in your disposition? Nor shall I presume to accompany you through the mysterious labyrinths of your profession, or show how much you excelled in the legerdemain of the bar? This is a field in which your personal enemies may expatiate with pleasure. I find it enough to consider you in a public capacity.
The station of a member of C–––––ss, is the most illustrious and important of any I am able to conceive. He is to be regarded not only as a legislator, but as the founder of an empire. A man of virtue and ability, dignified with so precious a trust, would rejoice that fortune had given him birth at a time, and placed him in circumstances so favourable for promoting human happiness. He would esteem it not more the duty, than the privilege and ornament of his office, to do good to mankind; from this commanding eminence, he would look down with contempt upon every mean or interested pursuit.
To form useful alliances abroad—to establish a wise government at home—to improve the internal resources, and finances of the nation would be the generous objects of his care. He would not allow his attention to be diverted from these to intrigue for personal connections, to confirm his own influence; nor would be able to reconcile it, either to the delicacy of his honour, or to the dignity of his pride, to confound in the same person the representative of the Commonwealth, and the little member of a trading company. Anxious for the permanent power and prosperity of the State, he would labour to perpetuate the union and harmony of the several parts. He would not meanly court a temporary importance, by patronising the narrow views of local interest, or by encouraging dissentions either among the people or in C–––––ss. In council, or debate, he would discover the candor of a statesman, zealous for truth, and the integrity of a patriot studious of the public welfare; not the cavilling petulance of an attorney, contending for the triumph of an opinion, nor the perverse duplicity of a partisan, devoted to the service of a cabal. Despising the affectation of superior wisdom, he would prove the extent of his capacity, by foreseeing evils, and contriving expedients to prevent or remedy them. He would not expose the weak sides of the State, to find an opportunity of displaying his own discernment, by magnifying the follies and mistakes of others. In his transactions with individuals, whether foreigners or countrymen, his conduct would be guided by the sincerity of a man, and the politeness of a gentleman, not by the temporising flexibility of a courtier, nor the fawning complaisance of a sycophant.
You will not be at a loss, sir, in what part of this picture, to look for your own resemblance, nor have I the least apprehension, that you will mistake it on the affirmative side. The happy indifference with which you view those qualities, most esteemed for their usefulness to society, will preserve you from the possibility of an illusion of this kind. Content with the humble merit of possessing qualities, useful only to yourself, you will contemplate your own image, on the opposite side, with all the satisfaction of conscious deformity.
It frequently happens, that the excess of one selfish passion, either defeats its own end, or counteracts another. This, if I am not mistaken, is your case. The love of money and the love of power are the predominating ingredients of your mind—cunning the characteristic of your understanding. This, has hitherto carried you successfully through life, and has alone raised you to the exterior consideration, you enjoy. The natural consequence of success, is temerity. It has now proceeded one step too far, and precipitated you into measures, from the consequences of which, you will not easily extricate yourself; your avarice will be fatal to your ambition. I have too good an opinion of the sense and spirit, to say nothing of the virtue of your countrymen, to believe they will permit you any longer to abuse their confidence, or trample upon their honour. Admirably fitted, in many respects for the meridian of St. James, you might there make the worthy representative of a venal borough; but you ought not to be suffered to continue to sully the majesty of the people in an American C–––––ss.
It is a mark of compassion, to which you are not intitled, to advise you by a timely and voluntary retreat, to avoid the ignominy of a formal dismission. Your career has held out as long as you could have hoped. It is time you should cease to personate the fictitious character you have assumed, and appear what you really are—lay aside the mask of patriotism, and assert your station among the honorable tribe of speculators and projectors. Cultivate a closer alliance with your D—s—y and your W—t, the accomplices and instruments of your guilt, and console yourself for the advantage you have lost, by indulging your genius, without restraint, in all the forms and varieties of fashionable peculation.
Publius.


Title: George Washington to Henry Laurens, 16 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

Fredericksburg [New York] November 16, 1778. Transmits news of attack on Cherry Valley. Believes that only way to prevent such attacks is to carry on an offensive war against Indians.


Title: George Washington to Major General Alexander McDougall, 17 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

Fredericksburg [New York] November 17, 1778. Orders McDougall to Danbury.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Jeremiah Wadsworth, 20 November 1778
From: Wadsworth, Jeremiah
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Camp Fredg [New York] Novr 20th: 1778
Sir.
I will be at Hd. Quarters tomorrow morning & take his Excys directions—have no doubt, I shall be able to prevent any very great evil from the misconception you believe to have happened. I cannot believe as Colo Bland doth that the officer commanding the Connecticut Militia has been honestly engaged to bring them on; and am satisfyed my Countrymen have too much pride not to follow when they are led by an honest man.
I am Sir   Your most obed.

Jere Wadsworth CGP.
Colo HamiltonHd Quarters


Title: George Washington to Colonel Clement Biddle, 20 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Biddle, Clement

Fredericksburg [New York] November 20, 1778. Orders Biddle to impress forage for troops.


Title: George Washington to Colonel William Malcom, 20 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Malcom, William

Fredericksburg [New York] November 20, 1778. Asks Malcom to delay trip to Headquarters in order to help guard the Convention troops.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Lieutenant Colonel Richard Kidder Meade, [21 November 1778]
From: Meade, Richard Kidder
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Col Blands QuartersSharon [Connecticut] near 8 oClockat night [November 21, 1778]
Dr. Hamilton,
I arrived here a few minutes after four Oclock, when I immediately agreeably to the Genls. orders called on the officer commanding the Militia Guard here, who discovered every disposition to proceed at least to the next halting place. As the matter rests with the men, & he is gone to consult them I must give you their determination at the end of my letter. They are rather dispers’d to night, so that I hardly expect a decisive answer until they parade in the morning, to which time I shall wait, in case they go on, that I may prevent Genl. Waynes Troops, should it be necessary from passing Beldings. I must however urge the utmost dispatch in these, as you may depend, should the militia go on to the next stage, Govr. Trumbull himself could not detain them there many hours; Col. Bland observes that it may be well to let the continental Escort come up in succession as the several divisions of the Convention Troops may arrive. I think it will be well, as a smaller number may be in readiness sooner than a larger & can march much quicker. This however the Genl will decide. The road is exceedingly good to Beldings; & I think if a division could get off even by 12 oClock tomorrow, they would arrive in tolerable time. Colo. Bland has given the Genl. the route which I was instructed to transmit with this.

½ after 9 oClock.
The officer this instant returned but makes no certain report, though he is in high expectation of succeeding. He has directed the men to assemble at Sun rise when I shall attend & sett off immediately after.

I am Dr. Hamilton Yrs &c
R K Meade, ADC


Title: George Washington to Henry Laurens, 21 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

Fredericksburg [New York] November 21, 1778. Requests Congress to promote Pierre Penet’s brother to captain by brevet.


Title: George Washington to the Commanding Officers of Militia in the Counties of Loudoun, Fauquier, Culpeper, and Orange, 23 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Commanding Officers of Militia in the Counties of Loudoun, Fauquier, Culpeper, and Orange

Fredericksburg [New York] November 23, 1778. Asks for militia to guard the Convention troops as they pass through various counties en route to Charlottesville.


Title: George Washington to Colonel Theodorick Bland, 23 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Bland, Theodorick

Fredericksburg [New York] November 23, 1778. Sends instructions for marching of Convention troops to Virginia.


Title: George Washington to Brigadier General Louis Le Beque Du Portail, 24 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Du Portail, Louis Le Bèque

[Fredericksburg, New York] November 24, 1778. Instructs Du Portail to send request for cannon for West Point to Congress.


Title: George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel William Smith Livingston, 24 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, William Smith

[Fredericksburg, New York] November 24, 1778. Regrets that Livingston finds it necessary to resign.


Title: George Washington to Major General Alexander McDougall, 24 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

[Fredericksburg, New York] November 24, 1778. Instructs McDougall to take command in Highlands. Describes extent of command and gives instructions for this command.


Title: George Washington to Brigadier General Edward Hand, 26 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Hand, Edward

Fredericksburg [New York] November 26, 1778. Gives directions for distribution of troops on Hand’s arrival at Minisink.


Title: George Washington to Count Casimir Pulaski, 26 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Pulaski, Casimir, Count

[Fredericksburg, New York] November 26, 1778. Repeats instructions concerning troops, cavalry, and forage.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Royal Flint, [27 November 1778]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Flint, Royal

[Fredericksburg, New York, November 27, 1778]
Dr Sir
Col Harrison and myself are to meet two Gentlemen of the British army at Amboy monday week. We shall be obliged to feed them and their attendants as well as our own, while there, and must therefore request your assistance to have some handsome provision made there for us by that time. We shall probably be together only a few days and shall have sixteen or eighteen to feed. Let us have both victuals and drink enough. If you send any person of your department there be pleased also to give him directions to engage a couple of the best houses there; one for them—the other for us. The houses must be inhabited and the genteeler the families the better—if Whigs better and better still. This last I know is not in your line; but if it can be made one trouble of it will be preferable. If not, I beg you to mention the matter to General Greene or one of his assistants in my name.
I am with regard   Sir   Your obed serv
Alex Hamilton   Aide De Camp
Head Qr. Novemr. 27. 1778


Title: George Washington to Henry Laurens, 27 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry

Fredericksburg [New York] November 27, 1778. Acknowledges receipt of copies of treaties with France. States that commissioners have been appointed for exchange of prisoners. Discusses plans for winter quarters.


Title: George Washington to Major Benjamin Tallmadge, 29 November 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Tallmadge, Benjamin

Fishkill [New York] November 29, 1778. Discusses arrangements for obtaining information from Samuel Culper.


Title: Commission to Lieutenant Colonels Robert Hanson Harrison and Alexander Hamilton, [30 November 1778]
From: Washington, George
To: Harrison, Robert Hanson,Hamilton, Alexander

[Fishkill, New York, November 30, 1778]
By His Excellency George Washington Esquire, General & Commander in chief of the Forces of the United States of America.
To Lieut Colonel Rob Hanson HarrisonLieut Colonel Alexander Hamilton
His Excellency Sir Henry Clinton having by a letter to me of the 10th Instant, made a proposition to the following effect, Viz, “to exchange the Officers of our Army who are prisoners on parole or otherwise in his possession, for Officers & Men of the Troops of the Convention, according to the customary proportion, or according to such proportion as might be determined, by Commissioners appointed on both sides”.
And the Honorable the Congress having authorized me, by an Act passed the 19th Instant, “to appoint Commissioners to confer with such as are or may be appointed by Sir Henry Clinton, on the exchange proposed by him—and directed that Officers of equal rank be first exchanged, after which, if it should be necessary, an equivalent of inferior for Superior Officers; and if agreably to such equivalent all the Officers of the Enemy shall be exchanged and a balance of prisoners remain in their hands, then an equivalent of privates to be settled according to the customary proportion or such proportion as may be agreed on”.
In virtue of these powers, you the said Robert Hanson Harrison and Alexander Hamilton are appointed and I do hereby appoint you Commissioners, to repair to Amboy in the State of New jersey on Monday the 7 of December, then and there, or at such other place as shall be afterwards mutually agreed on, to confer, agree and determine with the Commissioners nominated or to be nominated and who shall be properly authorised, upon an exchange of prisoners, agreable to the terms of the said recited Act: for which this shall be your Warrant; and your engagements being mutually interchanged, shall be ratified and confirmed by me.
Given under my hand & Seal atHead Quarters this 30th day of Novr 1778.
By His Excellency’s command


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens, [5 December 1778]
From: Laurens, John
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[Philadelphia, December 5, 1778]
My Dear Hamilton:
You have seen, and by this time considered, General Lee’s infamous publication. I have collected some hints for an answer; but I do not think, either that I can rely upon my own knowledge of facts and style to answer him fully, or that it would be prudent to undertake it without counsel. An affair of this kind ought to be passed over in total silence, or answered in a masterly manner.
The ancient secretary is the Recueil of modern history and anecdotes, and will give them to us with candor, elegance, and perspicuity. The pen of Junius is in your hand; and I think you will, without difficulty, expose, in his defence, letters, and last production, such a tissue of falsehood and inconsistency, as will satisfy the world, and put him for ever to silence.
I think the affair will be definitively decided in Congress this day. He has found means to league himself with the old faction, and to gain a great many partisans.
Adieu, my dear boy. I shall set out for camp tomorrow.
John Laurens.


Title: Colonels Charles O’Hara and West Hyde to Lieutenant Colonels Robert Hanson Harrison and Alexander Hamilton, 12 December 1778
From: O’Hara, Charles,Hyde, West
To: Harrison, Robert Hanson,Hamilton, Alexander

[Amboy, New Jersey] 12th. December 1778
Gentlemen
We cannot sufficiently lament, that the Purposes of our Meeting, you will pardon us for observing, have been defeated, by a less generous and extensive Construction of the Resolutions of Congress of the 19th. November, than the View in which we had considered them.
Every Sense of Honor, Justice and Humanity, make it impossible to acquiesce in a Proposal, which might lead to seperate the Officers from the Private Soldiers, by exchanging the former, and suffering the latter to remain in Captivity. Companions in their more fortunate Hours, they must be equally Sharers of Affliction. Such cruel and unprecedented Distinctions, between Men who have equally a Claim upon the Favor and Protection of their Country, we are certain, your own Feelings as Officers and Men would condemn. You will consequently not be surprised, that we cannot assent to the partial Mode of Exchange proposed.

We beg leave therefore to acquaint you, that we intend returning to New York tomorrow, to make our Report to Sir Henry Clinton. Let us flatter ourselves, that some Expedient may be immediately embraced by both Parties, upon such honorable, humane and disinterested Principles, as may give the most speedy & ample Relief, to every Order of unfortunate Men concerned.
We are Gentlemen, &ca
Charles O’HaraWest Hyde.
To Lieutt. Colonels Harrison and Hamilton.


Title: Lieutenant Colonels Robert Hanson Harrison and Alexander Hamilton to Colonels Charles O’Hara and West Hyde, 12 December 1778
From: Harrison, Robert Hanson,Hamilton, Alexander
To: O’Hara, Charles,Hyde, West

Amboy [New Jersey] December 12th: 1778
Gentlemen,
We have read the Letter, with which you were pleased to favor us, this Afternoon.
We join with you in lamenting, that the purpose of our meeting have been frustrated, and we assure you, that it is to us matter of equal concern and surprise to find, that there should be a difference in our respective constructions of the Resolve, to which you refer. Persuaded, as we were, that the terms of that Resolve were too simple and precise to admit of more than one interpretation; we did not even suspect it possible to differ about its meaning; and the objects of our meeting having been delineated, in a manner, which appeared to us perfectly clear and explicit, we had no expectation of the difficulty, which has occured, in carrying them into execution.
You will not be surprised, that this should have been the case, when you recur to the circumstances, that produced our meeting. We beg leave to recal[l] them to your view. Sir Henry Clinton in His Letter of the 10th. of November proposed to General Washington an Exchange of our Officers prisoners in his hands, for Officers and Men of the Convention Troops. General Washington replied, that he did not think himself authorised to accede to the proposal, but would refer it to Congress and communicate their decision. In a subsequent Letter of the 27th., he transmitted the Resolve in question as an “answer to the proposition contained in Sir Henry’s Letter of the 10th;” at the same time, announcing our appointment as Commissioners, “to negociate an Exchange on the Principles therein mentioned.” The Language of the Resolve was literally this—to exchange “the Officers in the Service of the United States, prisoners in the actual possession of the Enemy, or out on parole, for the Officers and Men of the Troops of Convention, according to their Rank and number: Officers of equal Rank to be first exchanged, after which, if it shall be necessary, an equivalent of inferior for superior Officers—and if, agreeably to such equivalent, all the Officers of the Enemy shall be exchanged and a balance of prisoners remain in their hands, then an equivalent of privates shall be settled according to the customary proportion or such proportion as may be agreed on.” Sir Henry Clinton in his letter of the 2d. Instant acknowledged the receipt of the foregoing and consented “in consequence” to a meeting of Commissioners at the time and place appointed.
This, Gentlemen, you will be sensible could not be considered by us otherwise, than as an acquiesence with the terms of the Resolve: and we appeal to your own candor, for their perspicuity and natural import. It could not, therefore, but appear strange, that at first sight of our powers, without any comment, or explanation; though they were expressed, not only in the Spirit, but in the letter of the Resolve; You, at once, objected to them, and declared, the purpose of our meeting had been misunderstood. As the one was only a transcript of the other, we conceived, from the manner in which the objection was raised, that it applied, not to any construction given to the Resolve, but to the Resolve itself.
How far the feelings of honor, justice and humanity may be repugnant to a compliance with the proposal, which has been made, you only can determine for yourselves; though we think it a question, which might have merited an earlier consideration. We believe however it is not very customary to exchange Officers for privates, when there is a sufficient number of Officers on both sides to exchange for each other; but that this is rather a secondary expedient, made use of only when there are Officers, on one side, and none, on the other. In the present War, the practice of exchanging Officers for private Men, in any case whatever, has not yet been known; and if exchanges, conducted without reference to this principle, have heretofore been thought consistent with justice and humanity, we can perceive no sufficient reason why a different opinion should be entertained, at this time.
With respect to any inconveniences, which you think might attend the exchanging all the Officers of the Convention Troops, we take the liberty to repeat what we mentioned in our interview, this morning—that we are willing to exchange as many of them, as you may judge proper, for others of equal rank, as far as numbers will extend.
We beg leave to assure you, that we should be happy to be afforded an opportunity of concurring with you, to the utmost of our power, in measures, for extending relief, as far as the circumstances of the parties will permit, to every order of captivity, on principles of humanity and mutual advantage.
We are, Gentlemen, Your Most Obedient Humble Servants

Rob: H: Harrison
Alex: Hamilton.
Colonels O Hara & Hyde.


Title: Lieutenant Colonels Robert Hanson Harrison and Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [15 December 1778]
From: Harrison, Robert Hanson,Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

[Middlebrook, New Jersey, December 15, 1778]
Report of Lieutenant Colonels, Robert Hanson Harrison & Alexander Hamilton Commissioners &ca. To His Excellency General Washington—
We, the Commissioners appointed by your Excellency for the purposes specified in the powers to us given on the 30th of November last—Beg leave to Report—
That in pursuance of your instructions, we repaired to Amboy on Monday the 7th instant at 11 oClock; where we continued till friday evening the 11th before we were met by the Commissioners on the part of His Excellency Sir Henry Clinton, who had been detained ’till that time by impediments of weather.
That the next day we had an interview with them on the business of our commission; in which they immediately objected to our powers, as not extending to the purposes they had in view—declared the object of our meeting had been misunderstood, and after a short conversation, put an end to the conference.
That their intention, as communicated to us, was that the exchange of each of their officers should necessarily involve the exchange of certain number of their privates also; and consequently that the whole of our officers, prisoners in their hands, should be exchanged for a part only of the Officers of the Convention troops, with the proportion of private men to discharge the balance in their favour; whereas the line of conduct proscribed to us, both by the resolution of Congress and your Excellency’s powers founded thereon, was, “that Officers of equal rank should be first exchanged, after which if it should be necessary, an equivalent of inferior for superior Officers; and if agreeably to that equivalent all the Officers of the Enemy should be exchanged, and a balance of Prisoners remain in their hands, then an equivalent of privates was to be settled, according to the customary proportion or such proportion as might be agreed on.”
That the British Commissioners in the course of the conference having urged certain inconveniences, which in their opinion would result from the separation of all the officers of the Convention troops from the men, by a general exchange, in order effectually to obviate that objection, we thought ourselves authorised by our instructions to make them an offer, which we accordingly made, to exchange whatever part of the Convention Officers, they might think proper, for an equal number of our Officers in their possession of equal rank, as far as the relative state of numbers would permit. This proposal, however, they totally declined.
That after the interview, We received a Letter from the British Commissioners containing reasons, which they had before assigned verbally, for their refusal to conduct the negotiation on the terms proposed in our instructions; a copy of which letter and of our answer, we beg leave to subjoin for your Excellency’s perusal.…
This put an end to the business of our meeting and we have taken the earliest opportunity to return to Camp and report our proceedings to Your Excellency; which we hope will meet with your approbation.

Rob: H: Harrison
Alexr Hamilton
Camp Decr 15th 1778


Title: George Washington to Major General Alexander McDougall, 16 December 1778
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

[Middlebrook, New Jersey] December 16, 1778. Asks for McDougall’s opinion on kind and number of ships necessary to destroy enemy’s naval force on Lake Ontario.


Title: George Washington to Major General Philip Schuyler, 18 December 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Schuyler, Philip

Middlebrook [New Jersey] December 18, 1778. Congratulates Schuyler on acquittal. States that a winter campaign is now impossible. Agrees that reduction of Niagara is important and has made plans for that move. Has advised quartermaster general to confer with Schuyler on this matter.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Baron von Steuben, [19 December 1778]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Steuben, Baron von

[Middlebrook, New Jersey, December 19, 1778]
I snatch a hasty moment My Dear Baron to acknowledge the receipt of yr. obliging favour of the 6th. It came here while I was absent in an interview with some British Commissioners on the subject of an exchange of prisoners; and was not delivered me ’till two days ago. I am sorry that your business does not seem to make so speedy a progress as we all wish; but I hope it will soon come to a satisfactory termination. I wish you to be in a situation to employ yourself usefully and agreeably and to contribute to giving our military constitution that order and perfection, which it certainly wants. I have not time now to enter upon some matters, which I shall take another opportunity to give you my sentiments concerning.
I have read your letter to Lee, with pleasure. It was conceived in terms, which the offence merited, and if he had had any feeling must have been felt by him. Considering the pointedness and severity of your expressions, his answer was certainly a very modest one and proved that he had not a violent appetitite, for so close a tete a tete as you seemed disposed to insist upon. His evasions, if known to the world, would do him very little honor.
I dont know but I shall be shortly at Philadelphia; if so, I shall have the honor of personally assuring you of the perfect respect and esteem, with which I am
My Dear Baron   Yr most Obed serv
Alex Hamilton
Hd. Qrs. Decr. 19 1778


Title: George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, 19 December 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan

Middlebrook [New Jersey] December 19, 1778. Regrets that plans for winter quarters cannot be altered.


Title: George Washington to Major General William Alexander, Lord Stirling, 21 December 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (née William Alexander)

[Middlebrook, New Jersey] December 21, 1778. Instructs Stirling to take command at Headquarters during Washington’s absence in Philadelphia. Gives general directions for administration of Camp.


Title: George Washington to William Livingston, 21 December 1778
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, William

Middlebrook [New Jersey] December 21, 1778. Reports arrest of John Smith Hatfield on charge of treason.