Title: To John Adams from United States Senate, 24 May 1797
From: United States Senate
To: Adams, John

Sir,
24 May 1797

1 The Senate of the United States request you to accept their acknowledgments for the comprehensive and interesting detail you have given, in your Speech to both Houses of Congress, on the existing state of the Union.
2d While we regret the necessity of the present meeting of the Legislature, we wish to express our entire approbation of your conduct in convening it, on this momentous occasion.
3d. The superintendance of our national faith, honor and dignity, being, in a great measure constitutionally deposited with the Executive, we observe with singular satisfaction, the vigilance, firmness and promptitude exhibited by you, in this critical state of our public affairs, and from thence derive an evidence and pledge of the rectitude and integrity of your administration. And we are sensible, it is an object of primary importance, that each branch of the Government should adopt a language and system of conduct, which shall be cool, just and dispassionate; but firm, explicit and decided.
4th We are equally desirous, with you, to preserve peace and friendship with all nations, and are happy to be informed, that neither the honour or interests of the United States forbid advances for securing those desirable objects, by amicable negociation, with the French Republic—This method of adjusting national differences, is not only the most mild, but the most rational and humane, and with Governments disposed to be just, can seldom fail of success, when fairly, candidly and sincerely used. If we have committed errors, and can be made sensible of them, we agree with you, in opinion, that we ought to correct them, and compensate the injuries, which may have been consequent thereon, and we trust the French Republic will be actuated by the same just and benevolent principles of national policy.
5th. We do therefore most sincerely approve of your determination to promote and accelerate an accommodation of our existing differences with that Republic by negociation, on terms compatible with the rights, duties, interests and honour of our nation. And you may rest assured of our most cordial co-operation so far as it may become necessary, in this pursuit.
6th. Peace and harmony with all nations is our sincere wish; but such being the lot of humanity that nations will not always reciprocate peaceable disposions: it is our firm belief that, effectual measures of defence, will tend to inspire that national self respect and confidence at home, which is the unfailing source of respectability abroad, to check aggression, and prevent war.
7th While we are endeavoring to adjust our differences with the French Republic by amicable negociation, the progress of the war in Europe, the depredations on our Commerce, the personal injuries to our Citizens and the general complexion of affairs, prove to us your vigilant care, in recommending to our attention effectual measures of defence.
8th. Those which you recommend whether they relate to external defence, by permitting our citizens to arm for the purpose of repelling aggressions on their Commercial rights, and by providing sea convoys, or to internal defence, by increasing the establishments of Artillery & Cavalry by forming a provisional Army, by reviving the Militia Laws & fortifying, more completely, our ports & harbors;—will meet our consideration under the influence of the same just regard for the security, interest & honor of our Country, which dictated your recommendation.
9th: Practices so unnatural and iniquitous, as those you state, of our own Citizens, converting their property & personal exertions into the means of annoying our trade, & injuring their fellow citizens, deserve legal severity commensurate with their turpitude.
10th Although the Senate beleive, that the prosperity & happiness of our Country does not depend on general & extensive political connections with European nations, yet we can never lose sight of the propriety as well as necessity of enabling the Executive by sufficient & liberal supplies, to maintain, & even extend our foreign intercourse, as exigencies may require, reposing full confidence in the executive, in whom the Constitution has placed the powers of negociation.
11th: We learn with sincere concern, that attempts are in operation to alienate the affections of our fellow Citizens from their Government. Attempts so wicked, wherever they exist, cannot fail to excite our utmost abhorrence. A government chosen by the People for their own safety & happiness, & calculated to secure both, cannot lose their affections, so long as its administration pursues the principles upon which it was erected.—And your resolution to observe a conduct just and impartial to all nations, a sacred regard to our national engagements, and not to impair the rights of our Government, contains principles which cannot fail to secure to your administration the support of the national Legislature, to render abortive every attempt to excite dangerous jealousies among us, and to convince the world that our Government and your administration of it cannot be separated from the affectionate support of every good Citizen.—And the Senate cannot suffer the present occasion to pass, without thus publicly & solemnly expressing their attachment to the Constitution & Government of their Country, & as they hold themselves responsible to their Constituents, their Consciences & their God, it is their determination by all their exertions to repel every attempt to alienate the affections of the People from the Government, so highly injurious to the honor, safety & independence of the United States.
We are happy, since our sentiments on the subject are in perfect unison with yours, in this public manner to declare; that we believe the conduct of the Government has been just and impartial to foreign nations, & that those internal regulations which have been established for the preservation of peace, are in their nature proper, & have been fairly executed.
And we are equally happy, in possessing an entire confidence in your abilities & exertions in your station, to maintain untarnished the honor, preserve the peace, & support the independence of our Country; to acquire & establish which, in connection with your fellow citizens, has been the virtuous effort of a principal part of your life.
To aid you with all our exertions, in the honorable & arduous exertions, as it is our duty, so it shall be our faithful endeavor.—And we flatter ourselves, Sir, that the proceedings of the present session of Congress will manifest to the world, that altho’ the US love peace, they will be independent.—That they are sincere in their declarations to be just to the French & all other nations, & expect the same in return. and that the People & Government are not to be separated.
If a sense of justice, a love of moderation & peace, shall influence their councils, which we sincerely hope, we shall have just grounds to expect, peace & amity between the US and all nations will be preserved.
But if we are so unfortunate, as to experience injuries from any nation foreign power, & the ordinary methods by which differences are amicably adjusted between nations shall be rejected—The determination, “not to surrender in any manner the rights of the government,” being so inseparably connected with the dignity, interest & independence of our Country, shall, by us, be steadily and inviolably supported.


Title: From John Adams to United States Senate, 24 May 1797
From: Adams, John
To: United States Senate

Mr: Vice President and Gentlemen of the Senate.—
24 May 1797

It would be an affectation in me, to dissemble the pleasure I feel, on receiving this kind address.
My long experience of the Wisdom, Fortitude, and Patriotism, of the Senate of the United States, enhances in my estimation, the Value of those obliging expressions of your approbation of my conduct, which are a generous reward for the past, and an affecting encouragement to constancy and perseverance, in future.
Our sentiments appear to be so entirely in unison, that I cannot but believe them to be, the rational result of the understandings, and the natural feelings of the hearts, of Americans in general, on contemplating the present state of the nation. While such Principles and affections prevail, they will form an indissoluble bend of Union, and a sure pledge, that our Country has no essential Injury to apprehend from any portentous appearances abroad.—In a humble reliance on divine providence, we may rest assured, that while we reiterate with sincerity, our endeavors to accomodate all our differences with France, the Independence of our Country cannot be diminished, its dignity degraded, or its Glory tarnished, by any nation or combination of nations, whether Friends or Enemies.—

John Adams


Title: To John Adams from Eliphalet Fitch, 24 May 1797
From: Fitch, Eliphalet
To: Adams, John

Dear Sir,
Stoakes Hall Jamaica May 24th 1797

The constant Attention required by your high and truly honourable Station will not allow me to expect you can favor me with a further Correspondence, unless to acquaint me you have received my Letters; yet as my Son is embarking for Philadelphia I avail myself of this favorable Opportunity to express to you my sincere and very cordial Congratulation on your Election to the Office of President of the American States.—It is an Honour you have merited, and I fully trust that your extensive Abilities and Firmness of Mind will support you, on all Occasions, in the arduous Situation in which the Confidence of your Country has placed you; and it is my earnest Wish that, like your illustrious Predecessor, you may at a distant day retire, with the Applause of Millions, from the Splendour of elevated Rank to the Shade of private Virtue.—You will then enjoy those pleasing Reflections which are so justly described by the excellent Lord Lyttelton that I cannot resist the Pleasure of transcribing them.—
May you then find (“the Task of Glory done”)
“Thy busy Life at length may be thy own;
That to thy lov’d Philosophy resigned,
no Care may ruffle thy unbended Mind.
Just is the Wish: For sure the happiest Meed,
To favour’d Man by smiling Heaven decreed,
Is to reflect at Ease on glorious Pains,
And calmly to enjoy what Virtue gains.
For blest is he, who exercis’d in Cares
To private Leisure public Virtue bears.
Who tranquil ends the Race he nobly run,
And decks Repose with trophies Labour won.
So when thy Country shall no more demand
The needful Aid of thy sustaining Hand;
When Peace restored shall on her downy Wing
Secure Repose and careless Leisure bring;
Then to the Shades of learned Ease retired
The World forgetting, by the World admir’d,
Among thy Books and Friends thou shalt possess
Contemplative and quiet Happiness;
Pleased to review a Life in Honour spent
And painful Merit paid with sweet Content.—”
I will not offer an Apology for quoting Lines so applicable to the late President and his Successor, lest the Spirit of Lyttelton should rebuke me.
From a subject of this nature let me lead you for a Moment to one of little Consideration to many other People; yet the kind Solicitude with which you enquire after my Welfare and the Attention you have shewn to those most dear to me, induce me to think you will be glad to hear the I enjoy very good Health, and that my Property here is in a favorable Train of Improvement.—This Plantation which has cost me upwards of Fifty thousand Pounds Sterling, and which from various Causes has proved less productive than I had Reason to expect, is now in a fair Way to equal my Expectation.—After a long Series of commercial Business, subject to the Fluctuations to which Men in Trade are liable, I have finally established a Property here which I think will eventually give an agreable Support to my Family.—But in the precarious State of things in the West Indies I recommend to them such a Plan of Economy as I shall continue to practice ‘till We can establish some Property elsewhere.—In the Course of Life every one must expect to experience a Share of the “numerous Ills which Flesh is Heir to,” and without some of which, it seems, Life itself would become insipid.—Altho’ I am much pleased and entertained with Doctor Johnson, yet I am no great Moralist.—Compared to him, Peter Pindar says, other Men are like Sprats to a Whale.—
I have still much Space of Paper to write on, yet I will not trouble you with a Word on political Occurrences, except in one Instance which this Age of Revolution, or rather Miracle, has produced.—It recalls to my Mind that when a Boy my Master, Mr. Lovell, instructed me to consider the Pope no better than the Devil; and indeed he never seperated them in his public Prayers or School Lectures; but full of this Opinion on the 5th Novemr he allowed the Boys a Holiday that they might put the Pope and the Devil in Effigy, and make a Bonfire of them both.—Surely Miracles have not ceased, for I find by the Boston New Papers that a few Years since, within the Sound of the School Bell, a Roman Catholic Bishop, attended by a numerous Train of Protestant Dissenters (some of them “Presbyterians true blue”) went in procession to lay the Corner Stone of a Popish Chapel in the Town of Boston.—Among them were the Reverend Mr. Wormwood and many other bitter looking Divines, with lank Visages and each a strait head of Hair.—I defy the most perfect Tragedian to preserve his Gravity thro’ such a Scene, or to read the Account given of it without Emotion.—I am very much of Opinion that if any Scotch Gentleman with his Gift of Second Sight (altho’ a Member of the Kirk) had been at Boston thirty Years ago, and had ventured to predict such an Event, he would have found a Feather in his Cap more than would please him; or possibly he would have been conducted to the Mill Pond to cool, by a gentle Dip in the Water, his overheated Imagination.—But I do not consider that I take up too much of your Time in Trifles, when I should tell you with the most serious and particular Regard that my best Respect and Esteem always attend you and your Family Connection and that I am truly, / Dear Sir, / Your faithful & mo. Obedt Servt

Elipht. Fitch
PS. I do not know what Title is given to the President, and hope if I am not right you will excuse me.—I thank you as an Author for your Books, but as I am only a Reader I claim no other Merit than my choice of an elegant Writer to be placed in your Library, and send you a late Edition of Junius.—


Title: To John Adams from Thomas Jefferson, 24 May 1797
From: Jefferson, Thomas,United States Senate
To: Adams, John

					Sir:
					May 24, 1797

				The Senate of the United States request you to accept their acknowledgments for the comprehensive and interesting detail you have given, in your speech to both Houses of Congress, on the existing state of the Union.While we regret the necessity of the present meeting of the Legislature, we wish to express our entire approbation of your conduct in convening it on this momentous occasion.The superintendence of our national faith, honor, and dignity, being in a great measure constitutionally deposited with the Executive, we observe, with singular satisfaction, the vigilance, firmness, and promptitude, exhibited by you, in this critical state of our public affairs, and from thence derive an evidence and pledge of the rectitude and integrity of your administration. And we are sensible it is an object of primary importance, that each branch of the government should adopt a language and system of conduct, which shall be cool, just, and dispassionate; but firm, explicit, and decided.We are equally desirous, with you, to preserve peace and friendship with all nations, and are happy to be informed, that neither the honor or interests of the United States forbid advances for securing those desirable objects, by amicable negotiation with the French republic. This method of adjusting national differences is not only the most mild but the most rational and humane, and, with governments disposed to be just, can seldom fail of success, when fairly, candidly, and sincerely, used. If we have committed errors, and can be made sensible of them, we agree with you in opinion that we ought to correct them, and compensate the injuries which may have been consequent thereon; and we trust the French republic will be actuated by the same just and benevolent principles of national policy.We do, therefore, most sincerely approve of your determination to promote and accelerate an accommodation of our existing differences with that republic, by negotiation, on terms compatible with the rights, duties, interests, and honor, of our nation. And you may rest assured of our most cordial co-operation, so far as it may become necessary, in this pursuit.Peace and harmony with all nations is our sincere wish; but, such being the lot of humanity, that nations will not always reciprocate peaceable dispositions, it is our firm belief, that effectual measures of defence will tend to inspire that national self-respect and confidence at home, which is the unfailing source of respectability abroad, to check aggression, and prevent war.While we are endeavoring to adjust our differences with the French republic, by amicable negotiation, the progress of the war in Europe, the depredations on our commerce, the personal injuries to our citizens, and the general complexion of affairs, prove to us your vigilant care, in recommending to our attention effectual measures of defence.Those which you recommend, whether they relate to external defence, by permiting our citizens to arm for the purpose of repelling aggressions on their commercial rights, and by providing sea convoys; or to internal defence, by increasing the establishments of artillery and cavalry, by forming a provisional army, by revising the militia laws, and fortifying, more completely, our ports and harbors; will meet our consideration, under the influence of the same just regard for the security, interest, and honor, of our country, which dictated your recommendation.Practices so unnatural and iniquitous, as those you state, of our own citizens converting their property and personal exertions into the means of annoying our trade, and injuring their fellow-citizens, deserve a legal severity commensurate with their turpitude.Although the Senate believe that the prosperity and happiness of our country does not depend on general and extensive political connexions with European nations, yet we can never lose sight of the propriety as well as necessity of enabling the Executive, by sufficient and liberal supplies, to maintain, and even extend, our foreign intercourse, as exigencies may require, reposing full confidence in the Executive, in whom the Constitution has placed the powers of negotiation.We learn, with sincere concern, that attempts are in operation to alienate the affections of our fellow-citizens from their Government. Attempts so wicked, wherever they exist, cannot fail to excite our utmost abhorrence. A government chosen by the people for their own safety and happiness, and calculated to secure both, cannot lose their affections, so long as its administration pursues the principles upon which it was erected. And your resolution to observe a conduct just and impartial to all nations; a sacred regard to our national engagements; and not to impair the rights of our Government; contains principles which cannot fail to secure to your administration the support of the National Legislature, to render abortive every attempt to excite dangerous jealousies among us, and to convince the world that our Government, and your administration of it, cannot be separated from the affectionate support of every good citizen. And the Senate cannot suffer the present occasion to pass, without thus publically and solemnly expressing their attatchment to the constitution and Government of their country; and as they hold themselves responsible to their constituents, their consciences, and their God, it is their determination, by all their exertions, to repel every attempt to alienate the affections of the People from the Government, so highly injurious to the honor, safety, and independence, of the United States.We are happy, since our sentiments on the subject are in perfect unison with yours, in this public manner to declare, that we believe the conduct of the Government has been just and impartial to foreign nations, and that those internal regulations which have been established for the preservation of peace, are in their nature proper, and have been fairly executed.And we are equally happy in possessing and entire confidence in your abilities and exertions in your station to maintain untarnished the honor, preserve the peace, and support the independence of our country; to acquire and establish which, in connexion with your fellow-citizens, has been the virtuous effort of a principal part of your life. To aid you in these arduous and honorable exertions, as it is our duty, so it shall be our faithful endeavor. And we flatter ourselves, sir, that the proceedings of the present session of Congress will manifest to the world, that, although the United States love peace, they will be independent. That they are sincere in their declarations to be just to the French, and all other nations, and expect the same in return.If a sense of justice, a love of moderation and peace, shall influence their councils, which we sincerely hope, we shall have just grounds to expect peace and amity between the United States and all nations will be preserved.But if we are so unfortunate as to experience injuries from any foreign Power, and the ordinary methods by which differences are amicably adjusted between nations shall be rejected, the determination “not to surrender in any manner the rights of Government” being so inseparably connected with the dignity, interest, and independence of our country, shall by us be steadily and inviolably supported.

					Thomas Jefferson,Vice President of the United States and President of the Senate.


Title: From John Adams to United States Senate, 26 May 1797
From: Adams, John
To: United States Senate

					Gentlemen of the Senate:
					United States, May 26, 1797.

I lay before you, for your consideration and advice, a treaty of perpetual peace and friendship between the United States of America and the Bey and subjects of Tripoli, of Barbary, concluded at Tripoli on the 4th day of November, 1796.

					John Adams.


Title: Questions to be Proposed Concerning Negotiators to be Sent to France, 27 May 1797 to 28 May 1797
From: Adams, John
To:

27-28 May 1797

Questions to be proposed.1. Shall Pinckney be appointed Sole Envoy Extra.? Ans. No
2. Shall one Person be united with him only?
3. Shall two Persons be united with him? Yes
4. Who Shall those Persons be? Dana and Marshall
James Maddison, John Marshall, Ludlow Ludwell Lee Thomas Lee Bushrod Washington, William Vans Murray.


Title: To John Adams from Elbridge Gerry, 28 May 1797
From: Gerry, Elbridge
To: Adams, John

My dear Sir
New York 28th May 1797

The sailing of the Packet on which we are to go to New Port, being unexpectedly deferred till this afternoon, gives me an opportunity of inclosing a copy of No 3, & of adding a few words.
I know that your ideas now are the same which they were in 1776 respecting a vigorous executive: I then & for several years afterwards tho’t the necessity for one so powerful would not exist within half a century, but I was mistaken, & have been convinced of it for some time. The disposition to innovation, which Judge Blackstone considered as the Scylla & Charibdis of G Britain; & the want of principle in most of our citizens who have great influence on the federal & state Governments, a defect which induces them to oppose laws & constitutions, after sanctioned by the fullest deliberation & requisite forms, when they are bound in honor notwithstanding former opinions to support them, such dispositions & defects convince me of the necessity of increased vigor in the executive sufficient to make the laws & constitutions universally respected: for what are they, without due Obidience, but meer cobwebs to catch flies? but notwithstanding this, I will give as far as I have information, a state of the opinions of the cons as well as of the pros, that when there are any causes for opposition, they may be removed. I have the honor / to be Dear Sir as before/ Yours sincerely

E GerryI have reason to think there is a strong Antigallican party, who are principled against republicanism. I Wish to be convinced that I am mistaken. It is always in favor of british measures, & it is therefore that I consider it as a british, & for  a like reason, I consider the other as a french party.


Title: To John Adams from Elbridge Gerry, 28 May 1797
From: Gerry, Elbridge
To: Adams, John

My dear Sir
New York 28th May 1797

Being here on a few days visit with Mrs. Gerry to her aged parents, & having left six small children, the eldest of whom has the care of the rest and of the domesticks, I am deprived of the honor of paying my personal respects to you at this time.
When I wrote to Mr. Monroe, I supposed he was in Philadelphia: it being so announced in the news papers, his conduct in making an inmate of Paris surprized me in the time of it, for when he was here & rendered by his publications very essential service to this country, I encouraged him in his measures, but could never submit to invite him to my table: such an attention would have then been disgraceful. But I was informed by persons who were in Paris, that Paris was almost destroyed by his confinement under Robespierre, and that Monroe noticed him to assert the right of Protection which he was intitled to as an american & of which he had been long deprived. be this as it may, if Monroe knew that Paris was abusing our Government, he ought not to have harbored him a moment: he was under every obligation to support the Government or resign his office—here, I am credibly informed that he had no idea of a lucrative speculation in the only purchase he made, of his house, & that he has lost by it. When he returns he will be entitled to an hearing & if he cannot justify his conduct, he cannot expect that his friends will support him.
My letter to Mr. Monroe was directed to the care of Mr. Jefferson and has miscarried: supposing this to be the fate of mine to yourself of the 6th of March No. 3. I will endeavour to transmit a copy.
After the present session, I will pay a perticular attention to the Other parts of your letter of the 3d of may, and have the honor to be Dear Sir with the / most perfect esteem / and respect your very / huml. sert.

E Gerry


Title: To John Adams from Sebastian Bauman, 29 May 1797
From: Bauman, Sebastian
To: Adams, John

Sir
New York May 29th: 17 97

I have taken the liberty to inclose to you a pamphlet containing a statement of the cause of the resignation of all the Officers of the Regiment of Artillery of the City and County of New York, which I had the honor to Command and which I hope will do away any unfavourable impressions our proceedings may have made in the mind of the Public—
I am Sir, /  with great Respect /  your Obedt. and very /  Humbl. Servt.

S. Bauman


Title: To John Adams from Herbert Croft, 29 May 1797
From: Croft, Herbert
To: Adams, John

Sir,
Hamburgh; 29 May 1797

What the Consul at this City does me the honour of transmitting to you will account for the liberty I am now taking. The paper, which I here enclose, the Consul has, of course, not seen. It may show, perhaps, some trifling use that might be made of me in private. Besides which, I should be happy, Sir, to be of any use in the education of your children; of one of whom, at Amsterdam, I hear so high an account from Mr. Williams and from others.
I shall live in hopes of visiting America, Sir, through such respectable means as yours; and of your thinking it worth while to mark your presidency by the adoption of one, who will at least try to be useful. In all events, I shall ever remain, Sir, / Your most sincere admirer /  and devoted humble servant

Herbert Croft


Title: From John Adams to Elbridge Gerry, 30 May 1797
From: Adams, John
To: Gerry, Elbridge

Dear Sir
Philadelphia May 30. 1797

I have just recd your favours of 28. May, No. 6 and No. 7. with a Copy of No. 3. This last I had recd before.
I had no share in the Recall of Monroe, and therefore am not responsible for the Reasons of it.—But I have heard such reports of his own Language in France at his own Table, and the Language of those whom he entertained and countenanced, and of his correspondences with Bache Beckley &c and his Communication thro the Aurora, that I wonder not at his recall.—His speech at his Audience of Leave is a base false and Servile Thing.—Indeed, it was Randolph who appointed him. He was in senate as dull heavy and Stupid a fellow as he could be consistently with Malignity and Inveteracy purpetual. A more unfit Object Piece of Wood to make a Mercury, could not have been culled from the whole Forrest.—It is improper for me to delineate the System of Speculation and the Persons concerned in it.—Members of Congress—Collectors of Customs, Consul’s, Secretaries & Ministers &c &c &c are suspected of such a Mistery of it, as I shudder to think of.—How far Monroe was directly or indirectly concerned in it, I know not. But he was the Friend and Idol and apparently the Center of the whole Group.—How is it, that Hitchbourne has become so rich? How is it, that so many others, have rolled in wealth in Philadelphia & New York—without any visible means? These were confidential Correspondents and intimate acquaintances of Monroe.—I know not that he is entitled to any hearing, as there is no Accusation.—But I doubt extreamly his Inclinations to ask for Hearings or Inquiries. He will have Hearings enough of his Friends and Certificates enough of French Politicians and American Speculators I doubt not—as many as Silas Deans had.
The Want of Principle, in so many of our Citizens, which you mention is awfully ominous to our elective Government.—Want of Principle, seems to be a recommendation to popularity and Influence. The Avarice and Ambition which you and I have witnessed for these thirty years, is too deeply rooted in the hearts and Education and Examples of our People ever to be eradicated, and it will make of all our Elections only a species of lucrative Speculation, and consequently Scenes of Turbulence Corruption and Confusion of which foreign nations will avail them Selves in the future as the French did in the last.
That there is a strong Antigallican Party so far as to oppose an undue Influence of France, I know. There are Some, who are Antigallican because they think the french, a false, deceitful treacherous People. There are others Antigallican because they hate Atheism Deism, and Debauchery. There are others Antigallican, because at present so many of the french profess to be democrats, Sansculottes and Disorganisers.—As to Antigallicans because the french are Republicans, I dont know any Such, indeed I dont know any Antigallicans who believe the French to be Republicans or capable of a Republican Government.—any more than a Snow ball can exist a whole Week in the streets of Philadelphia under a burning sun of August, or September.  There are many who believe the French Republican System cannot endure, and I am one of these—There are many who believe that our Republican system cannot last long, for the very Reason you mention, the Want of Principle.—I am not one of these—Though our Cities are corrupt our Country is not, and I believe our Republican Plan may last a good while. But it will not, if French Influence as well as English is not resisted. That there are Persons principled against Republicanism, I Suppose is true—But they are altogether among the Class of old Tories as far as I know and are very few in Number, and of no Influence at all in the State.  There may be others beside my Parson Wibirt, who think an hereditary King and House of Lords with a good House of Commons the best form of Government—but he is the only old Whig that I know of who professes this faith.  I doubt not old C. J. Chew may be of the same opinion—and am told Dr. Nesbit of Dickinson Colledge is also—and these are all I have heard of.—Indeed, some of the Quakers may be of this Sect.—But there is nothing to fear from these Numbers or Characters. The real Danger is in the Universal Avarice & ambition of the People: which may make all the best Men Sick and weary of the perpetual Anxiety, which electioneering Projects and Exertions occasion.
I wish you could have come on to Philadelphia.—But the Six Children were excuse enough. Blessings on them and their Parents—So Says Mrs A as well as

John Adams


Title: To John Adams from Thomas Mifflin, 30 May 1797
From: Mifflin, Thomas
To: Adams, John

Sir
Philadelphia May 30th. 1797

I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Excellency’s letter of the twenty second instant, and to return you my best thanks for your compliance with that part of my request, which respects the interference of the American Ministers in Europe, to use their influence in obtaining permission for exporting ten thousand stands of Arms from Great Britain, Holland, or Hamburgh, for the use of the Militia of Pennsylvania. As soon as the necessary Contracts are concluded (which, in some measure, depended on my being able to promise this interference) I will communicate the names of the Agents, proposed to be employed.—
In requesting your Excellency to submit to the consideration of Congress, the expediency of remitting the duties on the importation of the specified quantity of arms, I meant to adopt the mode, which then appeared to me to be the most regular, for obtaining the co operation of the Federal Legislature, in promoting a measure of State policy.—Respectfully acquiescing, however, in the opinion that you have expressed, I have requested the Representatives of Pennsylvania, to introduce the subject to the attention of Congress, with a view to obtain a special law, if it should be deemed compatible with the general interests of the Union
I have the honor to be, with perfect consideration and / respect, / Sir, / Your Excellency’s / Most obedient humble Servant

Tho Mifflin


Title: From John Adams to United States Senate, 31 May 1797
From: Adams, John
To: United States Senate

Gentlemen of the Senate,
31 May 1797

The critical situation of the affairs of the United States in relation to the Republic of France has long engaged my attention; and after the most mature consideration, I have concluded to constitute our Extraordinary Commission to negociate with that Republic and adjust by treaty all the differences between the two nations, and all other matters which concern these mutual interests of the United States in relation to France
The singular circumstances under which this negociation is proposed, render it important, in the strongest and most direct manner to interest the Great Portions of the Union: At the same time, to provide for every contingency which may reasonably be apprehended, I have thought it advisable to make the commission joint and several.
I therefore nominate General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney of South-Carolina, Francis Dana Esquire Chief-Justice of Massachusetts, and General John Marshall of Virginia, Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary to the French Republic, for the purposes above expressed; they, or so many of them as may assemble; or in case of the death, absence or indisposition or other impediment of the others, any one of them, to execute all the power that shall be conferred by their Commission.


Title: From John Adams to Sebastian Bauman, 1 June 1797
From: Adams, John
To: Bauman, Sebastian

Sir
Philadelphia June 1. 1797—

I have received your favor of the 29th Ulto. with a pamphlet, containing a Statement of the Cause of the resignation of all the officers of the regiment of Artillery of the City and County of Newyork
I thank you for this communication and am sorry that so respectable a Corps should be for any cause dissolved
I am Sir with much Esteem / your humble Servant
John Adams


Title: To John Adams from Samuel Williams, 1 June 1797
From: Williams, Samuel
To: Adams, John

Sir!
Hamburgh, 1 June, 1797

I have the honour of transmitting to you a packet from, & at the request of, Mr. Herbert Croft, with a letter addressed to me.
A casual and short acquaintance with him permits me only to say, that the description, he gives of himself, appears pretty just.
When he mentioned his intention of offering his services and his Dictionary to America, I was far from flattering him with a prospect of success; sensible that if England could not afford him encouragement, the state of America, at present, was not more favourable to his views.
You will pardon me, Sir, for troubling you with this application.
I have the Honour to be /  with perfect consideration,  / Sir, /  Your most obedient /  and faithful Servant

Saml. Williams


Title: To John Adams from United States House of Representatives, 2 June 1797
From: United States House of Representatives
To: Adams, John

					Sir:
					June 2, 1797.

				The interesting details of those events which have rendered the convention of Congress at this time indispensable (communicated in your speech to both Houses) has excited in us the strongest emotions. Whilst we regret the occasion, we can not omit to testify our approbation of the measure, and pledge ourselves that no considerations of private inconvenience shall prevent on our part a faithful discharge of the duties to which we are called.We have constantly hoped that the nations of Europe, whilst desolated by foreign wars or convulsed by intestine divisions, would have left the United States to enjoy that peace and tranquillity to which the impartial conduct of our Government has entitled us, and it is now with extreme regret that we find the measures of the French Republic tending to endanger a situation so desirable and interesting to our country.Upon this occasion we feel it our duty to express in the most explicit manner the sensations which the present crisis has excited, and to assure you of our zealous cooperation in those measures which may appear necessary for our security or peace.Although it is the earnest wish of our hearts that peace may be maintained with the French Republic and with all the world, yet we never will surrender those rights which belong to us as a nation; and whilst we view with the satisfaction the wisdom, dignity, and moderation which have marked the measures of the Supreme Executive of our country in his attempt to remove by candid explanations the complaints and jealousies of France, we feel the full force of that indignity which has been offered our country in the rejection of its minister. No attempts to wound our rights as a sovereign State will escape the notice of our constituents. They will be felt with indignation and repelled with that decision which shall convince the world that we are not a degraded people; that we can never submit to the demands of a foreign power without examination and without discussion.Knowing as we do the confidence reposed by the people of the United States in their Government, we can not hesitate in expressing our indignation at any sentiments tending to derogate from that confidence. Such sentiments, wherever entertained, serve to evince an imperfect knowledge of the opinions of our constituents. An attempt to separate the people of the United States form their Government is an attempt to separate them from themselves; and although foreigners who know not the genius of our country may have conceived the project, and foreign emissaries may attempt the execution, yet the united efforts of our fellow-citizens will convince the world of its impracticability.Sensibly as we feel the wound which has been inflicted by the transactions disclosed in your communications, yet we think with you that neither the honor nor the interest of the United States forbid the repetition of advances for preserving peace; we therefore receive with the utmost satisfaction your information that a fresh attempt at negotiation will be instituted, and we cherish the hope that a mutual spirit of conciliation, and a disposition on the part of France to compensate for any injuries which may have been committed upon our neutral rights, and on the part of the United States to place France on grounds similar to those of other countries in their relation and connection with us (if any inequalities shall be found to exist), will produce an accommodation compatible with the engagements, rights, duties, and honor of the United States. Fully, however, impressed with the uncertainty of the result, we shall prepare to meet with fortitude any unfavorable events which may occur, and to extricate ourselves from their consequences with all the skill we possess and all the efforts in our power. Believing with you that the conduct of the Government has been just and impartial to foreign nations, that the laws for the preservation of peace have been proper, and that they have been fairly executed, the Representatives of the people do not hesitate to declare that they will give their most cordial support to the execution of principles so deliberately and uprightly established.The many interesting subjects which you have recommended to our consideration, and which are so strongly enforced by this momentous occasion, will receive every attention which their importance demands, and we trust that, by the decided and explicit conduct which will govern our deliberations, every insinuation will be repelled which is derogatory to the honor and independence of our country.Permit us in offering this address to express our satisfaction at your promotion to the first office in the Government and our entire confidence that the preeminent talents and patriotism which have placed you in this distinguished situation will enable you to discharge its various duties with satisfaction to yourself and advantage to our common country.


Title: To John Adams from Joseph Yznardi, Sr., 3 June 1797
From: Yznardi, Joseph, Sr.
To: Adams, John

Sir.
Cadiz 3d June 1797

The American Consulate in this City, & destrict, having been left to my charge, by, & in the absence of my Son, who is the appointed Consul; I beg leave to assure you of my attention to the dutys annexed to that important trust, & that however arduous the task may now become on account of the present unhappy State of things: I have – with alacrity and firmness – asserted the grievances, and wrongs done to American Citizens, and endeavoured with constant Zeal to Obtain their redress.
I have not as yet had an opportunity to present you as I do now the hommage of my dutifull respect, & my Sincere wishes for your present & future welfare. That you may enjoy in their plenitude, every human happiness is the cordial desire of my heart; as it is the Conviction of my mind that your Elevation to the Presidencial Chair will be attended with signalized benefits to the U.S.
With that veneration which your virtues deserve, and the respect due to your character I have the honor to be / Sir Your most obedt / humbl Servt

Josef Iznardy


Title: To John Adams from United States House of Representatives, 3 June 1797
From: United States House of Representatives
To: Adams, John

					Sir,
					June 3, 1797

				the interesting detail of those events which have rendered the convention of Congress, at this time, indispensable, (communicated in your Speech to both Houses,) has excited in us the strongest emotions. Whilst we regret the occasion, we cannot omit to testify our approbation of the measure, and to pledge ourselves that no considerations of private inconvenience shall prevent, on our part, a faithful discharge of the duties to which we are called.We have constantly hoped that the nations of Europe, whilst desolated by foreign wars, or convulsed by intestine divisions, would have left the United States to enjoy that peace and tranquillity to which the impartial conduct of our Government has entitled us; and it is now, with extreme regret, we find the measures of the French Republic tending to endanger a situation so desirable and interesting to our country.Upon this occasion we feel it our duty to express, in the most explicit manner, the sensations which the present crisis has excited, and to assure you of our zealous co-operation in those measures which may appear necessary for our security or peace.Although it is the earnest wish of our hearts that peace may be maintained with the French Republic, and with all the world, yet we will never surrender those rights which belong to us as a nation; and whilst we view with satisfaction the wisdom, dignity, and moderation, which have marked the measures of the supreme Executive of our country, in its attempts to  remove, by candid explanations, the complaints and jealousies of France, we feel the full force of that indignity which has been offered our country in the rejection of its Minister. No attempts to wound our rights as a sovereign State will escape the notice of our constituents; they will be felt with indignation, and repelled with that decision which shall convince the world that we are not a degraded people, that we can never submit to the demands of a foreign Power without examination and without discussion.Knowing as we do the confidence reposed by the people of the United States in their Government, we cannot hesitate in expressing our indignation at any sentiments tending to derogate from that confidence. Such sentiments, wherever entertained, served to evince an imperfect knowledge of the opinions of our constituents. An attempt to separate the people of the United States from their Government, is an attempt to separate them from themselves; and although foreigners, who know not the genius of our country, may have conceived the project, and foreign emissaries may attempt the execution, yet the united efforts of our fellow-citizens will convince the world of its impracticability.Sensibly as we feel the wound which has been inflicted by the transactions disclosed in your communications, yet we think with you, that neither the honor nor the interest of the United States forbid the repetition of advances for preserving peace. We, therefore, receive with the utmost satisfaction your information that  a fresh attempt at negotiation will be instituted; and we cherish the hope that a mutual spirit of conciliation, and a disposition on the part of France to compensate for any injuries which may have been committed upon our neutral rights; and, on the part of the United States, to place France on grounds similar to those of other countries in their relation and connection with us, if any inequalities shall be found to exist, will produce an accommodation compatible with the engagements, rights, duties, and honor of the United States. Fully, however, impressed with the uncertainty of the result, we shall prepare to meet with fortitude any unfavorable events which may occur, and to extricate ourselves from their consequences with all the skill we possess, and all the efforts in our power. Believing with you that the conduct of the Government has been just and impartial to foreign nations, that the laws for the preservation of peace have been proper, and that they have been fairly executed, the Representatives of the people do not hesitate to declare that they will give their most cordial support to the execution of principles so deliberately and uprightly established.The many interesting subjects which you have recommended to our consideration, and which are so strongly enforced by this momentous occasion, will receive every attention which their importance demands; and we trust that by the decided and explicit conduct which will govern our deliberations, every insinuation will be repelled which is derogatory to the honor and independence of our country.Permit us, in offering this Address, to express our satisfaction at your promotion to the first office in the Government, and our entire confidence that the preeminent talents and patriotism which have placed you in this distinguished situation, will enable you to discharge its various duties with satisfaction to yourself and advantage to our common country.


Title: To John Adams from John Ogden, 7 June 1797
From: Ogden, John
To: Adams, John

Sir
Boston June 7th 1797

This day I visited Judge Dana of Cambridge. It is said, that he is appointed one of the Commissioners to France. My wish is, to attend him and them, as his or their Secretary. He has not received official notice of such an appointment, and cannot tell what arrangements government will make, as to the officers who attend the embassy.
Judge Elsworth and Genl Knox promised me their aid, if needful with Judge Dana, who was not of my acquaintance until now. Genl. Lincoln, Colols Cobb, and Leonard, from former specimens of politeness and goodness on their parts, would havehave rendered me every service, which was requisite. Many Members of the Legislature now in session, in this Town, would not have been deficient in their good offices.
As it is not certain, whether the Government or the Commissioners, will appoint those who attend them, I thought it to be my duty to apply, without delay, to Your Excellency, asking the nomination, if this is consistent with the order established.
Some weeks since, I addressed Your Excellency, and was honored with letters for another place, The Gentleman who then held it is restored to health, and a faithful public servant is continued in his office. Should this office of Secretary, not be obtainable, may I ask your Excellencys to give me the benefit of a similar appointment. Such constantly present.
I lost my father at seventeen years of age, Mrs Ogden lost hers and her fortune, very early after we had entered into matrimonial life. Thus we have not those friends, at the seat of government, to solicit or point out a place for me, which would be acceptable.
But such deficiences will be made up by Your Excellencys recollection, & desire to bestow bread and happiness upon those, who like me, will study to deserve them.
I have the honor / to be / Your Excellencys / devoted servant

John C. Ogden


Title: To John Adams from Jedidiah Morse, 8 June 1797
From: Morse, Jedidiah
To: Adams, John

Sir,
Charlestown June 8th 1797

I take the earliest opportunity to offer you a copy of my American Gazetteer, whh I beg you to accept as a small token of my affectionate esteem and respect for your person & character; & of the gratitude I owe you for the services you have rendered to our common country.
Permit me to express to you the sentiments of warm approbation, whh, in the circle of my friends, I hear uttered, concerning your late Speech; & my firm belief that the measures you suggest, with few exceptions, will meet the decided support of the people in this quarter.
Please, sir, to accept for yourself and Mrs Adams, my best respects, and believe me, with great respect / and esteem your most / obdt. servt

Jedh Morse


Title: To John Adams from John Sinclair, 9 June 1797
From: Sinclair, John
To: Adams, John

Sir
Whitehall 9 June 1797—

You will herewith receive the Diploma, to which you are entitled, as an honorary Member of the British Board of Agriculture, and which I am persuaded will be doubly valuable to you, as it will be delivered by the hands of the gallant Kasecusko, who has stopped in this Country for a few days in his way to America.
It would be presumption in me to take the liberty of recommending him to your attention—
I hope soon to have the pleasure of hearing of the Establishment of a Board of Agriculture in America, with whom we should be happy to have the pleasure of corresponding—
I have the honor to be / with much respect & esteem / Sir / Your faithful & / Obedient Servant

John Sinclair


Title: To John Adams from Collen Williamson, 9 June 1797
From: Williamson, Collen
To: Adams, John

Honourable Sir
City of washington 9th Jun 1797

Being Informd that My petetion was sent to the commissioners for their answer to the charge laid against them, as I think it my deuty to lay before you the following circumstances, as they carry along with them, manefest testemoney of trouth, I have said that I would saved the public twenty thousand pounds, hade I been aloud to conduct the work according to my contract, pleas consider that I intended to build All the public buildings with stone, as I built the first story of the presidents House, But all my experence and good conduct was overballansed by males and Ignorence, when it was proposd to build with bricks, I told the commissioners they wor not aware of the expence that bricks would lead them into, that I hade considred the Difference, you have the parch of stone laid down at the building fore Nine shillings, the no of bricks to fill up the same parch is 450, at the present price twenty three shillings, take 9 from 23 and 14 thrown away, on every parch of work, Besides bricks are never built in such works where stone is to be got, the bricks hase Nither the solidity nor durability of stone, and likewayes one half of the morter will lay the stone, that the bricks, will require, there was nothing thought of so much as to contradick me in all the good advice I could give, all the walls are either built or to be built with bricks, except the free stone on the out side, which if contineud will coast the public at least thirty thousand pound, extra there is no man of comon sence that would applyd bricks in such buildings, it may be taken for granted that there never a man that sett his foot on American ground that hase been so long in the practice of weighty buildings, it hade been good that an experenced work man hade been one of the commissioners
pleas remember I gave a seath of their managment of the capatole after my dismission Both stone cutting and building, it would not be a smal soom that paid about thirty men besids negros attending them, from the 27 Aprile, to the end of the season, some days before my dismission I told the commissioners that those men they hade ingaged to build by the parch, it was not in the power of any man, to make them doo their work good, scott said mr williamson when we sitt next you shall have a letter from the boord Impowering you to discharge them if they do not the work to your satisfaction, but so it was that after I hade laboured under this hardship for some time, the evining of their first sitting a letter is sent me telling they hade no farther need of my servess in the public imploy, and gave the charge of the work to those men that I compliand off, and Hoben to superentend them, the blind leading the blind, it was never heard of before, that a poor hand of a carpenter superentended stone buildings of such magnitud, I told Scott and Thornton, if they wanted boots or shous they would not apply to an Irish carpenter, to make them, so unbecoming is your conduct, I appeale to the world their unfittness to be commissioners although that great and good man appointed them.
In the fall 94 Corral and Hoben still persisting in their wickedness persuaded the commissioners to have the stone cutt by the foot I told the commissioners if they were made to Believe that they could save money by dooing so they might try and I told I should leave the terrms to them and the stone cutters, the stone cutters appointed one of their most experehenced men and sent him to agree for himself and all the others, as to pricess and of the different quality of cutting, and the method of measure which was to be at the end of every month, Hoben beeing impowered to enter into contract with the stone cutters I not beeing acquanted with their agreement untill the first measurement of the stone, I told it was ashame for them to take the advantage of Ignorence as he hade don, he thanked god that I was not consulted on the subject but it should go throw all the courts in maryland before their contract should be brok, this contineud untill the month of march following seeing the men that wrought by the day and paid from 7/6 to 9 sh making 20 and 18 sh and sporting away time for fear their profets should be known I communicated my grivence to Mr Dikons, the treasurer that advanced me the money to pay the workmen that he should acquant the commissioners, of the bad bargon they hade made, and the wist of the money thrown away it was the first of Aprile that they came, I hade brok their contract the first of March, and told them that my contract impowered me to conduct the work in gineral and supose I gave way to the commissioners at that time, it did not weaken my contract, and if any or all of them refuse to work by the day as formerly they most leave this pleace, but they all sett to work then it stood between the contractors how to reconcile maters Hoben gave the other contractor of the public wood that built a house on the presedents squar, 2 story high and each of them took the contract by the ends and tor it, he sold the House cheap in case the public should Cliam a right to it, the mans name is John Henry he lives now in Dumfrice in virginia the commissioners thanked me kindly and said if I hade not manged so they should been dispisd. as there was not mischeif enough don to the intrest of the city, they got the commissioners to lett the free stone quarres, to two of Carrls sisters sons, and some others in co, which was conducted formerly by two honest workmen that I imployed for that purpose, and sent me proper stone as I commissioned them, but since if the boats are laded to the proofe mark all is will, so that the pleacess is filld up with many thousand toons of stone of bad quality which most have coast a great sume of money
When the discovery was made of the distruction at the capatole, H one of my old Jurnemen got the charge of the stone cutters and builders, and in order to make money he rented a quarry in Virginia that no still could work, but as he hade the derection of the work and men falts could not be discoverd, two very honest men told me that they remarked stones from this mans quarry that the cutting coast fifteen dollars and when cutt was not worth four, I have reason to belive my Inforemation is Just I should be glead to know the defence the commissioners made Jiudge they have followed their old method in saying beside the trouth, if crimenals are to be belived few would be Hung, I have good reason for what I have said, after my dismission several letters passed between them and me, in which they gave me the greatest Justice telling me I was attentive to orders and descrite to the pound but when they seed that I was to contend for my right they changed their ton, and began to strik hard at the root of my abiletys although they hade every day before them afull sempel of my abiletys that there is not a beter pice of work in any countray, the former commissioners on their leaving the city said I hade Imortal honour for what I hade done, and wished I might live to finish the public buildings, there is but few that hase hade my experence in my professional line either as mason ore archect among my many operations I repaird four old castels and converted them to the modren stile that by their long standing I got as much knouledge in the maner of tempring morter as if I hade lived five houndred years, I have said nothing but what is trouth and it may be relied one as trouth I dar all the sons of adam to chaleng me for any wrong step in my conduct, its verry hard that I should be kept out of my wages, the first day of Agust will be two years that I have not received one shilling, to suport me and famaly there is other circumstancess that I could relate but I am sick to think of them, there is no man that hase the bouels of a christean but will be ofended at the treatment I have got heer for will douing.
I am Honourable sir with great Respect your houmble / and obedent servant

Collen Williamson
NB upon a minute calculation I think that one half of the price of matearles is thrown away and rather more. besides the operations hase been slow the hands playing away their time to little purpose that the double of the work might been done.In confirmation I began the presedents house the 8th aprile 93 and the 7th agust I hade it ready for the first beams 16 feet high from the foundation all stone extereor & intereor walls it hase been observed that there hath been no such exreseons since. If this Information is attended to I have more to say if not I shall take chance of the general court of Maryland, if what I have said is not trouth there is no trouth in man.
CW


Title: To John Adams from Samuel Stanton, 10 June 1797
From: Stanton, Samuel
To: Adams, John

Sir,
Philadelphia June 10th: 1797

I have for sometime past had an Intention of doing myself the Honour of writing to you but delay’d it thinking that perhaps before this, I might have had the pleasure of waiting upon you.—I wish America well, no Man can wish her better And I will with infinite Satisfaction defend her against the Attempts of the French or any power.—If your Excellency thinks proper to give me a Lieutt. Colonel’s Commission—in the Army of the united States, I will immediately officially resign my Commission to the British Minister and put a Copy thereof in all the Papers. (The Etiquette is this, that if an Officer does not purchase, he cannot sell or even resign without leave, but its invariably admitted that where you purchase, you sell or resign at pleasure. As I purchased, no Difficulty remains here.) It is immaterial whether in the Horse, Boot, or Artillery. Having been 20 years and upwards an officer I can take upon myself to say, that I know the Duty and nature of either as well as it can be known—My late Brother Gilbert of the 2d Battallion of the Royal Artillery, took as much pains to instruct me (tho’ I was then an Ensign in the 51st) when quite a Lad, at Woolwich &Ca in The Duty of an Artillery Officer, Engineer &Ca. that I know it as well as if I was one—I can also draw extremely well, & am an excellent draftsman. With Respect to a Corps of Horse or foot I am so well beloved in America that I could very soon raise either. But whether I raised them myself, or whether drafted from other Corps, I can only add with great truth, if you will do me the favour to let me have the Command, that for Dicipline, neatness, alertness & in fine every military requisite—They will be equalled—by none.—I offer you my humble Services at a time of life (36) which is the most likely to render them beneficial to you; youth past; and manhood & twenty years experience, with a Constitution not in the least impaired by Folly; and which no Climate, or fatigues of War, ever affected.—The moment you satisfy me on this Head, I will write the Minister, as I could not accept a Commission from another power, with any degree of propriety, till I had resigned I would not with to do the business by Halves, but to take the Oath of Allegiance to the united States & serve America the remainder of my life.—If, (I am only making the supposition to your Excellency) my offer should not be accepted, in that Case of course I would not wish it should be known that I had made any proposition, but that everything should remain within your Excellency’s breast. There’s no impropriety in my Conduct I have bled twice in the Service, lost 3 Brother’s all Officers in defending their Country, yet owing to our friend’s having been 14 years nearly in the Minority neither of us were ever promoted according to desert. I have been four Month’s shut up here And the British Ambassador from a variety of causes says with great reluctance & regret that he has it not in his power to serve me in money matters. I would enclose his Letter but  its gone to the British Consul at Norfolk. My Creditors will not come to Terms because they think I should go immediately to England. What can Sir be dearer than Liberty; I cannot brook the Idea of taking the Benefit—I abhor it. If I could I must be 6 Months in actual Confinement and then probably three more before I could get out—If I wait till I write home again that will take 5 Months And my patience is really worn out. Its particularly hard, as a Property upwards of 20,000 £ has devolved to me in consequence of my late Brothers’ Roberts’ death; late Governor of Cape Coast, but his Agents or those who I was informed by letter were his Agents, have returned all my Bills & pretend they are not so; As soon as I write home again the business will be cleared up, and was I in the service of the united States, it would not prevent my recovering that Property. Had I entered your Service and of course put all Idea of going to England out of the question, my Creditors would wait till I wrote home and I could get immediately liberated, As Gt Britain and America are at peace (which I sincerely hope they may forever be) I could with great propriety hold a Commission from both Powers—I should not at all be blamed for serving America—so that it might be managed this way, Altho’ I must confess I would rather have it all one way, or all another. If your Excellency should acquiesce to my first proposition, if I might request a favour it would be, to be constantly on actual Service, and whenever any very particular or hard service was required I should solicit the favour of being sent upon it, that I might have an opportunity of distinguishing myself. I am well acquainted with General Wilkinson, and as I told Major Hoops I never knew an Officer whom I would sooner serve under than him—I am confident nothing would give Genl. Wilkinson more pleasure than to hear of such a thing taking place. And almost every other American Officer who has been in Town since I have been in Philadelphia I have been acquainted with & much friendship subsists between us. Another thing which will make me ever beloved in America is my noble Defence of General Washington’s Character &ca. against Paine—its equal to Iunius. It would have been out before now, had I been at large; I am afraid I shall not be able to publish it ‘till I am.—I must beg leave to embosom another I must beg leave to embosom another matter and trust in your Excellency’s kindness to pardon it. From the Circumstance of the Bills, you must know Sir how very irksome it is for me as a foreigner for all Resource from England is cut off for 4 or 5 months. And I cannot even get my pay. Its in vain to offer a Bill of any description. And indeed at present I do not know exactly how to draw for from a Letter I had from the Duke of York when in the West Indies, I suppose by this I am in the House. Consequently it will strike your Excellency very forcibly That I must be inconvenienced which I really am—More so than I can describe. My Debts in America amt to about 1800 Dollars what I am confined for 2 or 3 Hundred—It is however my first consideration to settle all, otherwise I should be instantly troubled again—But Sir the principal thing of all is to get a temporary supply to support me while I am here, & until I can get matters right. It gives me great pain to intreat your Excellency to spare me the loan of a supply for this purpose, provided my offer is not accepted; should it be, there will be no necessity for it. I have heard so much of your Excellency’s goodness of Heart, that I thought I had better not hide anything from you.
Be assured that I am /  Sir /  with the greatest Respect / your Excellency’s /  devoted & most humble servant

Saml. StantonCaptain British Army


Title: From John Adams to United States Congress, 12 June 1797
From: Adams, John
To: United States Congress

Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives
United States June 12th 1797—

I have received information from the Commissioner appointed on the part of the United States, pursuant to the third Article of our Treaty with Spain, that the running and marking of the boundary Line, between the Colonies of East and West Florida, and the Territory of the United States, have been delayed by the Officers of his Catholic Majesty; and that they have declared their intention to maintain his Jurisdiction and to suspend the withdrawing of his Troops from the Military Posts they occupy, within the Territory of the United States, untill the two Governments, shall by Negotiation, have settled the meaning of the Second Article, respecting the withdrawing of the Troops, Garrisons, or Settlements of either party, in the Territory of the other, that is, whether when the Spanish Garrisons withdraw, they are to leave the works Standing, or to demolish them; and untill, by an additional Article to the Treaty, the real property of the Inhabitants shall be secured; and likewise untill the Spanish officers are sure the Indians will be pacific—The two first questions if to be determined by Negotiation might be made Subjects of discussion for years, and as no limitation of time can be prescribed to the others, a Certainty in the opinion of the Spanish Officers that the Indians will be pacific, it will be impossible to suffer it, to Remain an Obstacle to the fulfillment of the Treaty on the part of Spain—
To remove the first difficulty, I have determined, to Leave it to the discretion of the officers of his Catholic Majesty, when they withdraw his troops from the Forts, within the territory of the United States either to leave the works Standing, or to demolish them; and to remove the Second, I shall cause an assurance to be published, and to be particularly communicated to the Minister of his Catholic Majesty, and to the Governor of Louisiana that the Settlers or occupants of the Lands in question shall not be disturbed in their possessions by the Troops of the United States; but on the contrary that they shall be protected in all their lawful claims; and to prevent or Remove every doubt on this point, it merits the consideration of Congress whether it will not be Expedient immediately to pass a Law, giving positive assurances to those Inhabitants, who by fair and regular grants or by occupancy have obtained legal Titles or Equitable Claims to Lands in that Country prior to the final ratification of the Treaty, between the United States and Spain, on the twenty fifth of April 1796.
This country is rendered peculiarly Valuable by its Inhabitants, who are represented to amount to, nearly Four thousand, generally well affected, and much attached to the United States and Zealous for the Establishment of a Government under their authority—
I therefore recommend to your consideration, the expediency of Erecting a Government in the District of the Natches similar to that established for the territory North West of the River Ohio, but with certain modifications, relative to Titles or Claims of Land, whether of Individuals or Companies, or to Claims of Jurisdiction of any Individual State:

John Adams.


Title: From John Adams to United States Senate, 15 June 1797
From: Adams, John
To: United States Senate

Mr: President.
15 June 1797

I  by the President of the United States, to inform the Senate that he yesterday, approved & Signed, two Acts, which originated in this House, the one An Act preventing Citizens of the U. States from privateering against Nations in Amity with, or against Citizens of the United States—the other an Act prohibiting for a limited time the Exportation of Arms & Ammunition for a limited time and for encouraging the Exportation thereof, and that both these Acts have been deposited among the Acts of Congress, in the office of the Secretary of State


Title: From John Adams to Elbridge Gerry, 20 June 1797
From: Adams, John
To: Gerry, Elbridge

My Dear Friend
Philadelphia June 20 1797

I have this moment written a Message to the Senate nominating you to be an Envoy Extraordinary to the French Republic. Knowing as I did Mr Dana’s aversion to the Sea, and his continual dread of his Mother’s fate, I was always apprehensive he would decline and should have nominated you at first, if I had not been overruled by the opinions of many Gentlemen that Mr. Dana’s Experience in this Line, and especially his Title of Chief Justice, would be great Advantages in France as well as among our People in America. I know you must make a sacrifice, but I sincerely hope you will not disappoint me, I should be very happy to see you, here, before you embark. Mr Marshall accepts and will be here in a Week from this day.
The voyage, I am confident will be for your Health. My Compliments to Mrs Gerry. Tell her she must not object. If she cannot accompany you she must sacrifice a little, as Mrs Adams did before her for six years. I pray you to let me hear from you as soon and as often as possible.
I am your sincere friend
John Adams


Title: From John Adams to Elbridge Gerry, 20 June 1797
From: Adams, John
To: Gerry, Elbridge

My dear friend
Philadelphia June 20th 1797—

I have this moment written a Message to the Senate nominating you to be an Envoy Extraordinary to the French Republic; Knowing as I did Mr: Dana’s aversion to the sea, and his continual dread of his Mothers fate, I was always apprehensive he would decline, and Should have nominated you at first, if I had not been over ruled by the opinions of many Gentlemen, that Mr: Dana’s Experience in this Line, and Especially his Tittle of Chief Justice, would be great advantages in France, as were as among our people in America, I know you must make a Sacrafice, but I Sincerely hope you will not disappoint me, I should be Very happy to See you here before you Embark—Mr: Marshall accepts and will be here in a week from this day—
The Voyage I am confident will be for your health—My Compliments to Mrs Gerry; tell her She must not object—If She cannot accompany you, She must Sacrafice a little as Mrs: Adams did before for Six years; I pray you to let me hear from you as soon, and as often as possible
I am your Sincere friend.
John Adams


Title: From John Adams to United States Senate, 20 June 1797
From: Adams, John
To: United States Senate

Gentlemen of the Senate
United States June 20th. 1797

I nominate the Honourable Elbridge Gerry Esqr of Massachusetts to be Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, to the French Republic jointly and Severally with Charles Cotesworth Pinckney and John Marshall; in the Place of Francis Dana, who has declined his appointment, on account of the precarious State of his Health

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to United States Senate, 22 June 1797
From: Adams, John
To: United States Senate

Gentlemen of the Senate
United States June 22d 1797

Having Sent the Report and Documents which accompany this Message, to the House of Representatives in Compliance with their desire expressed in their Resolution of the tenth of this Month, I think it proper to Send Duplicates to the Senate for their Information.

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, 22 June 1797
From: Adams, John,Pickering, Timothy, Jr.
To: Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth,Marshall, John,Gerry, Elbridge

John Adams President of the United States of America To Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, John Marshall and Elbridge GerryGreeting
22 June 1797

Reposing especial Trust and Confidence in your Abilities, Integrity, Prudence, and Patriotism, I have nominated and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate do appoint you the said Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, John Marshall and Elbridge Gerry, jointly and severally Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the French Republic, authorizing you and each of you hereby to do and perform all such matters and things as to the said Place or Office doth appertain or as may be duly given you and each of you in charge hereafter, and the said Office to hold and exercise during the pleasure of the President of the United States for the time being.
In Testimony whereof I have caused the seal of the United States to be hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at the City of Philadelphia the Twenty second day of June in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the Twenty first.
John Adamsby the President of United StatesTimothy PickeringSecretary of State


Title: To John Adams from Charles Lee, 22 June 1797
From: Lee, Charles
To: Adams, John

Philadelphia 22 June 1797

In obedience to the letter of the President of the United States to the Attorney General of the United States bearing date the 20th of this month we have maturely considered the original letter signed Wm. Blount dated at Col Kings Ironworks 21st april 1797 addressed to a person of the name of Carey and the several questions propounded by the President and most respectfully report our opinions.
1st. That the letter is evidence of a crime.
2dly. That the crime is within the denomination of a misdemeanor.
3dly. That William Blount the supposed author being a Senator of the State of Tenessee in the Congress of the United States is liable to Impeachment for the said crime before the Senate of the United States.
Charles Lee Attorney General U.S.W: Rawls atty. U.S. Pennsyl. Dist.Wm Lewis


Title: To John Adams from Uriah Forrest, 23 June 1797
From: Forrest, Uriah
To: Adams, John

My dear Sir
Georgetown, Patowmac, 23d June 1797.

I feel some embarrassment respecting the communication of the inclosed paper being the substance of a letter I have seen dated the 4th. of the present month from the Vice President of the U.S., to Mr. P. Fitzhugh a democratic relation of mine The letter contained other matters some relative to their private concerns It was put into my hands and after reading it I was told that it had been shewn to several of their own party but to one other only holding my Political sentiments That it was handed me in confidence that I should make no improper use of it Perhaps this injunction was enforced with more strength from the observations I made at the reading of the Letter I hope I feel as I ought to feel the impropriety of violating a confidence but after some reflexion I am persuaded I am guilty of no real breach on the contrary fulfilling a duty that I owe to my Country and to you Sir in sending it It is extracted without exaggeration indeed not so strong in substance as the letter but as I put it to paper from memory (though immediately after twice reading) I chose to give it every degree of moderation it was susceptible of The disgraceful insinuations, barefaced assertions and dangerous principles it contains ought I think to be known to you and I feel the impression more especially as Mr. Jefferson in the Month of March told this same Gentleman Mr. Fitzhugh that yourself & Him had just then held a full conversation and made a free Communication of Sentiments and that He was sure the Aristocratic party would be egregiously disappointed in you that you would pursue the same line of Politics in your administration that He should have pursued had He been Elected President
Major Fitzhugh though in private life a very worthy man is considered as pretty open and free in communication and I presume Mr. Jefferson will express himself in the same manner to others so that I have no doubt these sentiments will become Public as His—As I feel I have done all that is incumbent on me to do in putting you on your guard if indeed it is not presuming too much to suppose it necessary to guard you and It is my wish no other use be made of it
I took the liberty sometime before my friend Mr. Murray sailed to request him to say to you that the people of this part of the Country very much wished and expected you to make it a visit and more particularly the City of Washington It would afford much pleasure and I confess I shall be much gratified if you should feel it proper to do so As it is possible you may not be so generally well acquainted in this State and South as not sometimes to need information suffer me to take this occasion to offer my best services and to assure you that I shall cheerfully at all Times give a true relation of Characters and Circumstances or render any acceptable service in my Power
Be so obliging as to offer my most affectionate Respects to Mrs. Adams to whose Civilities & services I was so much obliged in London
I have the honor to be with sentiments / of Real Esteem / Dear Sir / your obliged and obed sert

Uriah ForrestThat there could be no object in convening Congress other than to try the strength of Government in the House of Representatives and how far that House could be calculated on in support of a War systim for Mr. Pinckneys rejection was as fully known when Congress seperated as at their present Session. That the Speech shews the President or those who advised it are not averse to War and that the late nomination of Envoys does not manifest a different disposition.
That the Republican party in Congress had suffered much by the late Election still if all were present they would be the majority That altho the answer is responsive to the speech they will not Gratify their wish of War in risking it upon so small a majority which would be changed by the first unsuccessful event the first unpopular tax or when the taxes began to be felt That he (Mr. J) was bringing forward a systim of taxation which he beleived would be agreeable it seem’d so to all he had shewn it It was that the taxes levied in 1798 should not be demandable ‘till the beginning of 1799 &ca. and that each State paying the whole taxes of 98 within the year into the U. States Treasury would of course not be called on—This would be giving every State its Election to pay by Excise, hard tax or what else it prefer’d—would lend to raise the State Governments from their present degraded state and take of a little from the High tone of Government That the Conduct of the Grand Jury at Richmond had produced great Indignation That the Federal Judges had become Inquisitors had for sometime by their Charges to the Juries courted Presentments calculated to Check the freedom of Speech and opinion as well as the freedom of writing That the Courts were become Political machines for directing he Public will and for answering Party Purposes
That He would not undertake to say how far the Juries in the other States and even that of Virginia would proceed to Present the Conduct of these Courts
That it was not safe to Prophecy, but he thought it probable there would be little done this Session Perhaps let merchant men arm under certain restrictions Compleat the Frigates Borrow money of the Bank and authorise the President to make Loans Do nothing with the Militia Law nor Taxation
That as such a handle was made of every thing coming from him He was obliged to charge his friends with whom he corresponded not on any account to let his letters out of their own hands lest they should find there way into the News Papers


Title: From John Adams to United States Senate, 24 June 1797
From: Adams, John
To: United States Senate

Gentlemen of the Senate
United States June 24. 1797

I nominate Robert Hamilton to be Marshall of the District of Delaware in the room of Allan McLane resigned.
Sylvanus Bourne, of Massachusetts to be Consul General of the United States, in the Batavian Republic.
John Beeldemaker to be Consul of the United States for Rotterdam
John Baptiste Sartori to be Consul of the United States at Rome.
Job Wall of Rhode Island to be Consul of the United States, for the Island of St. Bartholomew.

John Adams


Title: To John Adams from LeRay de Chaumont, 25 June 1797
From: Chaumont, LeRay de
To: Adams, John

25 June 1797

Sent by an adopted Son of America who has had the honor this spring to address a letter of felicitation to his Excellency John Adams. He now Joins the Respectfull compliments of all that family who hear twenty years ago had the happyness to live in France under the same roof with his Excellency.


Title: From John Adams to United States Senate, 26 June 1797
From: Adams, John
To: United States Senate

Gentlemen of the Senate
United States June 26 1797

I nominate George Truet to be Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Delaware in the Place of Andrew Barrat Esqr who has resigned.
James Morrison of Kentucky to be Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of Kentucky in the Place of Thomas Marshall Esqr resigned

John Adams


Title: To John Adams from Oliver Wolcott, Jr., 26 June 1797
From: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.
To: Adams, John

Treasury Department June 26th. 1797.

The Secretary of the Treasury, has the honor of transmitting to the President of the United States, an authenticated copy of an Official Settlement at the Treasury, of his account as Vice President, accompanied with a Warrant on the Treasurer for the balance found due to him thereon, being one hundred and three Dollars & thirty Cents.


Title: To John Adams from William P. Sprague, 26 June 1797
From: Sprague, William P.
To: Adams, John

May it Please your Excellency
26th June 1797

Relaying on your kind Attention Paid me on a former Application; That if any station offer’d you would be pleasd to consider me in the Appointment; concerning the Frigates & Ships of War, will speedilly be Under your Comand & having serv’d in the capassity of Purser on board the South Carolina with fidellity & Approbation of the State, & my superiour Officer Comder: Henry: Gillon decd: as Testifyed by the inclosd which I beg to lay before you; That any Office you might think proper to Confer on me in the Service will be thankfully Accepted & faithfully Obey’d by
Your Excellencys / Hble Servant

Wm: P: Sprague


Title: To John Adams from Tristram Dalton, 28 June 1797
From: Dalton, Tristram
To: Adams, John

Dear Sir
Washington 28th June 1797

Under the 26th of March last I did myself the Honor and Pleasure to address You—and to present my sincere Congratulations—and respectful Regards—
At that time I took the Liberty of mentioning some circumstances relative to this City—and to the competition excited between the Proprietors of the different parts of it, and of the Lands around—and the baneful Effects of their various movements—
In many instances, Collision of private interest tends to a general Good. In this it seems to have an opposite Direction—
Pardon me, Sir, If I detain you a moment longer on this Subject, deemed, by Numbers, of the highest Importance to the Union.
Facts are liable to be wrongly stated, or grossly misrepresented by each party—Little reliance can be placed on the Tales, or propositions of either.
Great Fears, and I believe not without foundation, are entertained by many, that Monies, sufficient to complete the Capital—and the House intended for the President—in season—will not be had—
It is reported that the Commissioners of the City, who ought to be perfectly acquainted with the Means, & the End, say that they are equal—
By a strict examination into the State of the funds—and an exact calculation of the Expences—& Time—necessary to finish the One Building—or the Other, or both, if carried on together, an Estimate can be made, on more sure grounds, than an Individual, out doors, has in his power to form—
These must come thro’ the Commissioners—
Serious apprehensions that both Objects cannot be attained by the year 1800, are expressed by Gentlemen of each End of the City.
In my letter aforementioned I hinted how gratifying a Visit from yourself to the City, would be to many—I find this Favor more and more wished for.
Should your Time permit this Honor You can have a right Judgment in all Things, that relate to this permanent Seat of Government.
If you should wish for Information from an Individual, It would afford me pleasure to hand any to you, that can be acquired in this business—You may rely on impartiality in any Statements that I might make.
Mrs. Dalton requesting me to put under Cover to your kind Care a Letter for her much beloved Friend Mrs. Adams, I hope, will serve as an Excuse for my Intrusion on your highly important moments.
With the greatest Esteem—and / most affectionate Respect— / I am Dear Sir / Your obliged Friend / And obedient humle. Servant
Tristram Dalton


Title: From John Adams to Uriah Forrest, 28 June 1797
From: Adams, John
To: Forrest, Uriah

34
Dear Sir.
Philadelphia June 28th 1797

I received yesterday your favor of the 23d and am very much obliged to you for it; The paper inclosed in it is a Serious thing; it will be a Motive in addition to many others for me to be upon my guard; it is evidence of a mind sowered, yet seeking for popularity, and eaten to an Honey comb with ambition, yet weak, confused, uninformed and ignorant. I have been long convinced that this ambition, is so inconsiderate as to be Capable of going great lengths. I shall carefully keep the Secret, as far as it may Compromise Characters & Names.
It would afford me great pleasure to make a Visit to the City of Washington, Mount Vernon, George Town, &ca; but the Summer will be a busy one, and my own health as well as that of your friend Mrs. Adams will oblige us to go Northward if we Stir from Pensylvania this year.
I receive Very Kindly your offer to communicate Information to me from time to time. I shall stand in need of it from all quarters, & shall receive it from none with more pleasure.
I am Sir with great Esteem your friend / & humble Servt

John Adams


Title: List of Candidates for Offices, June 1797
From: Adams, John
To:

Candidates for Offices
ca. June 1797

1. John Read of the state of Delaware, now resident in Philadelphia, to be the agent of the United States in relation to such claims as may be made against them before the Commissioners appointed to carry into effect the sixth article of the treaty of amity, commerce & navigation between the United States and Great Britain.
Collinson Read of Pennsylvania}for the same office.Tephaniah Swift of Connecticut

Swift not recd. till after the nomination of Charles Hall.
2. William Cooke of Georgia to be Consul of the United States for the island of Porto Rico.
3. William Willis a native citizen of the United States to be their Consul for the Republic of Venice.
4. Frederick H. Wollaston  of a Mercantile House established at  Genoa, to be the Consul of the U. States for that republic.
5.  to be Consul General for of the United States for the Republic of France, in the room of Fulwar Shipwith resigned.
6. Richard O’Brien a native citizen of the United States, (& ten years a prisoner in Algiers) to be Consul General of the U. States for the city and kingdom of Algiers; in the room of Joel Barlow Esqr. (who desires to retire, & strongly recommends Captain O’Brien to succeed him.)
7. James Leander Cathcart, a citizen of the United States and many years a prisoner in Algiers & head Christian Clerk to the Dey, to be Consul of the U. States for the city & kingdom of Tripoli.
8. William Eaton, a native citizen of the U States, (a captain in their army, in which he has served  about eight years) to be Consul of the U. States for the city and kingdom of Tunis.
9. Jeremiah Smith of New Hampshire to be attorney of the U. States for that district, in the room of Edward St. Loe Livermore resigned.
10. George Thatcher of Massachusetts to be Judge of the Territory of the U. States North West of the River Ohio, in the room of George Turner resigned.
11. William Smith of Charleston, state of South Carolina, to be Minister plenipotentiary of the U. States to the Court of Portugal.


Title: From John Adams to Tristram Dalton, 1 July 1797
From: Adams, John
To: Dalton, Tristram

Dear Sir
Philadelphia July 1st 1797

I have received your favr of the 28th Inst, and that of the 26th of March, and it is not for Want of Inclination, that the Letter has not been acknowledged before.
I thank you for your kind Congratulations; but at my Age, and in the present and probable Circumstances of public affairs, I know not whether Condolences would not be more Natural.
The Commissioners of the Federal City are Gentlemen of so much Intelligence and Respectability, that I suppose I cannot do better than to repose myself on their Wisdom in general. The Importance of the City to the Union, I fully understand. But at present the Union is menaced, from other Causes and Quarters with more dangerous Portents. The situation of the United States is uncommonly critical; If a peace is made between France and England, as it is already known to be made with the Roman Emperor, and France is not in a better temper, or conducted by different Governors, this Country has before it one of the most alarming prospects it Ever beheld.
I am not Certain that my absence from this Station can be justified at all, but if it should be possible for me to get away for a short time, my own health, and that of my Companion, will require a northern Course. A Visit to your City and its Neighbourhood would be an high gratification to me, but I cannot conceive that such a Visit can be of any Consequence to the City. The Commissioners must be my Eyes. I should shudder at the thought of taking the direction out of their hands into my own.
I shall at all times be obliged to you for any Information relative to this great Object or any other of a public Nature; I find it not Easy to obtain all the Information I want relative to many things. I am as usual / your affectionate / friend

John Adams


Title: To John Adams from David Campbell, 2 July 1797
From: Campbell, David
To: Adams, John

Sir
State of Tennessee July 2d. 1797—

With this letter you will receive an Address from part of the Citizens of the State of Tennessee, under my signature. I being appointed by a very respectable body of people to draw up, and forward the same, it becomes my Duty to transmit it to your Excellency.
I have the honour to be with very / great Respect / Your Excellency’s / Most Obt. Hbl. Servt.

David Campbell


Title: From John Adams to United States Senate, 3 July 1797
From: Adams, John
To: United States Senate

Gentlemen of the Senate
United States July 3d 1797

I nominate James Simons of South Carolina to be Collector of the District of Charleston in the place of Isaac Holmes Superceeded

John Adams


Title: From John Adams to United States Congress, 3 July 1797
From: Adams, John
To: United States Congress

Confidential
Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentlemen of the House of Representatives3 July 1797

The whole of the Intelligence, which has for sometime past been received from abroad, The Correspondences between this Government and the Ministers of the belligerent Powers residing here, and the Advices from the Officers of the United States civil and military, upon the Frontiers, all conspire to shew, in a very strong Light the critical Situation of our Country. That Congress might be enabled to form a more perfect Judgment of it, and of the measures necessary to be taken, I have directed the proper officers to prepare Such collections of Extracts from the public Correspondences, as might afford the clearest Information. The Reports made to me, from the Secretary of State and the Secretary at War, with a Collection of Documents from each of them, are now communicated to both Houses of Congress. I have desired that the Message, Reports and Documents may be considered as Confidential, merely that the Members of both Houses of Congress may be apprized of their Contents, before they should be made public. As soon as the two Houses shall have heard them, I Shall Submit to their discretion, the publication of the whole or any Such parts of them as they shall judge necessary or expedient for the public Good.

John Adams


Title: To John Adams from Elbridge Gerry, 3 July 1797
From: Gerry, Elbridge
To: Adams, John

No 8
My dear Sir
Cambridge, 3d July 1797

The information communicated by the Secretary of State, of my appointment to the office of an envoy extraordinary & minister plenipotentiary to the French republick, afforded me the highest gratification: inasmuch as it manifested the confidence of that political character, for whom, from my first acquaintance, I have ever had the highest respect. judge then, Sir, of my feelings when I inform you, that the information arrived at so critical a period of my family concerns, as to leave no prospect of my being able to accept the appointment. Mrs G, within two months of her confinement, with low health, miserable domesticks, & six small children, at the commencement of the most difficult season for them & herself, presented such a situation to my mind, as at first blush forbid my entertaining a delusive hope of entering on the honorable office. on the other hand, a veiw of the critical state of our public affairs, of the indispensible necessity of supporting the dignity of government, of the unfavorable impressions which would result from the repeated declension of so honorable an office, & of the possibility that in consequence thereof, the sincerity of a long attachment on my part to yourself might be doubted, produced such painful reflections as can better be conceived than described. I was determined therefore not to be sudden in my decision, & by deferring it, have such a prospect of a safe arrangement for my family as has in a considerable degree releived my anxiety for it, & encouraged me with the express approbation & desire of my dearest friend to enterprize in this negotiation.
Being thus engaged, my first object is to discharge the trust, to the entire acceptance of the supreme executive. the instructions, I presume, will be our guide in certain points, but I wish to receive your opinion, as far as it can be communicated with propriety, on all matters left to the discretion of, or that have a near relation to the embassy. I want all the light which can be thrown on the subject, that if possible, I may contribute to an accomodation, or if this is impracticable, that we may, be able to convince the world of the justice of our cause, & place our adversaries on wrong ground.  On one point I wish particularly to receive your opinion, whether, considering the prevailing prejudice in France of our being a divided people, & the sanction it has received by some of the debates of the last session of Congress, it is not indispensibly necessary for the Envoys, should they differ on important points, after having exercised the right of converting each other to their respective opinions, to be finally unanimous on these points by the minority’s yeilding to the majority? without such an agreement may they not encourage an opposition to their measures & perhaps terminate the negotiation in the manner that Messrs Franklin Lee, & Dean did them at an early period of the revolution?—I wish to be informed, whether there are many instances of three plenipos to negotiate with one state, & if not, whether France must not veiw the attention paid to her in this instance, in a very respectful point of light & as evincing a disposition on the part of the u states to do her great honor?
Mrs Gerry desires her best respects to yourself & Mrs Adams in which permit me to join & to assure you my dear / Sir that I remain with / perfect Respect your / most obedt. Sert & / obliged Friend
E Gerry