Title: To George Washington from Robert R. Livingston, 25 October 1776
From: Livingston, Robert R.
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Albany 25th Octr 1776

The Convention having thought it proper to direct me to repair to this place, in order to give (in concurrence with some other Gent.) every necessary support to the northern army, I did not receive your Excellencys favor till this day.
I am extreamly affected at the wants under which the army labour, & your Excellency may depend on my utmost endeavours to remove them, I can at present only suggest my Ideas on that subject to Gent. who have influence at Convention, as nothing can be done at this place. Flour I believe may readily be procured in Pensilvania & New Jersey, which, as it must cross at Mount Washington may be applied to the present use of the army while that furnished by this state may be sent to the White plains or to such other place as your Excellency thinks it proper to provide magazines at. It would be easy to send down immediate supplies of flour from this part of the Country, were it not for the wants of the northern army, which has not above fifteen days provision on hand, without making any allowance for the

militia, who are marching in daily. this is truly alarming in a country where it is by no means impracticable to cut of supplies & where the utmost vigilence is necessary to keep open the communication. However I would not have your Excellency uneasy on this acct as the Committee of Albany (having distributed the business among the different members of their body) have made such exertions, & been so well seconded by Genl Schuyler, that I am in great hopes in a few days to have nothing to fear on that score. Nor can I doubt if proper measures are adopted that the southern army will be supplied with facility, as I am well satisfied that the stock of provisions in the Country is much more than sufficient to answer all their demands, and at any rate it must be had. Your Excellency ⟨by⟩ making use of the power vested in you by some ⟨re⟩solutions that past in Convention before I left Fi⟨sh⟩kill relative to the grain & stock in west Chester County, may I am persuaded obtain a present supply of every thing but flour. & tho’ the teams there are none of the best, yet if your Excellency will give orders for pressing them, so many may be obtained as to make the quantity compensate for the quality. In the mean while more effectual measures will be taken to supply you with waggons. Teams can only be got from Connecticut in any numbers.
Tho the White Plains is a very proper place for provisions designed for immediate use, yet I would submitt it to your Excellency, whether your grand magazines should not be within, or beyond the highlands? If that should seem too remote, I would recommend some place on the north side of Crotons river near pines bridge, as the Country there is very rough & secured by a river, at the same time that it lays upon a great road.
The measures your Excellency has taken to secure the passes & prevent the enimy from getting above you, appear to me extreamly judicious, & I doubt not will be attended with the desired effect, especially if the number of the troops sent to the white plains & the Highlands can be magnified to the enimy, by any of those artifices usual in war.
I shall always esteem it a peculiar happiness, if (as you politely suppose) my knowl⟨edge of the⟩ country can in any way contribute to its ⟨preser⟩vation, or be of the least service to your Ex⟨cellency⟩ and shall therefore take the liberty your Excellency so oblidgingly gives me, to suggest whatever may in any measure tend to either of these valuable purposes. I have the honor to be With the greatest respect & esteem Your Excellencys Most Obt Hum: Servt

Robt R. Livingston


Title: From George Washington to Edward Rutledge, 25 October 1776 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Rutledge, Edward

Letter not found: to Edward Rutledge, c.25 Oct. 1776. Robert Hanson Harrison wrote John Hancock on 1 Nov. that “the most material” of GW’s letters that had been intercepted at Bristol, Pa., on 28 Oct., “was to Mr Rutledge” (see also Hancock to GW, 28 Oct., and note 2).


Title: From George Washington to Martha Washington, 25 October 1776 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Washington, Martha

Letter not found: to Martha Washington, 25 Oct. 1776. GW wrote Hancock on 14 Nov. that Gen. William Howe had returned the letter “from myself to Mrs Washington of the 25 Ulto” that had been intercepted at Bristol, Pa., on 28 Oct. (see also Hancock to GW, 28 Oct., and William Howe to GW, 11 November).


Title: From George Washington to John Parke Custis, 26 October 1776 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Custis, John Parke

Letter not found: to John Parke Custis, 26 Oct. 1776. The Custis Papers at the Virginia Historical Society include a “List of Washington’s letters sent to B[enjamin] Lossing,” one of which is a letter to John Parke Custis of “26 Oct. 1776” written at New York.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philip Schuyler, 26 October 1776
From: Schuyler, Philip
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Saratoga [N.Y.] October 26th 1776

Mr Harrison’s Letter of the 20th Instant, I received Yesterday, and a few Minutes afterwards I received a Letter from General Gates, Copy whereof I do myself the Honor to inclose.
I am in great Hopes that General Carlton will not be able to dislodge our Army from Tyonderoga, but should such an Event unfortunately take place, such Measures will be taken as I think will certainly prevent them from penetrating into the Country on this Side of the Lakes—The Change of Commissaries, has very considerably interrupted the Supplies for the Army—I have however got every Thing again in such Train that a very considerable Quantity of Flour is now on its Way up, and I believe it impossible for the Enemy to prevent its reaching the Army even if they should make their utmost Efforts to intercept it.
On the 28th September the Army had forty Days Flour, on the 22nd Instant it was reduced to sixteen but on that and every succeeding Day, I hope considerable Quantities arrived—Be assured my dear General that I shall take every Measure that has a probable Tendency to promote the Service and secure the Country.
I congratulate your Excellency on the Success of our Troops at East Chester—I hope it will soon be succeeded by a more decisive Blow in our Favor, so as to frustrate the Enemy’s Intention of forming a Line between you and us. I am Dear Sir with every respectful Sentiment Your Excellency’s most obedient humble Servant

Ph: Schuyler


Title: General Orders, 27 October 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, White-Plains, Octob: 27th 1776.
.

Lieut: Sickles of Genl Scott’s Brigade, tried by a Court Martial whereof Col. Holman was President, and convicted of “disobeying General Orders, by loading a Waggon with Goods, not the proper baggage of the regiment; and also when charged therewith of behaving in a scandalous, infamous manner, unbecoming an officer and the Gentlemen”—The Court sentenced him to be cashiered—The General approves the sentence, and orders him to be dismissed the service—He also directs that he leave the Army immediately.
The General observing that the Army seems unacquainted with the Enemy’s Horse; and that when any parties meet with them, they do not oppose them with the same Alacrity which they shew in other cases; thinks it necessary to inform the officers and soliders, that, in such a broken Country, full of Stone-Walls, there is no Enemy more to be despised, as they cannot leave the road; So that any party attacking them may be always sure of doing it to advantage, by taking post in the Woods by the roads, or along the stone-walls, where they will not venture to follow them; And as an encouragement to any brave parties, who will endeavour to surprise some of them, the General offers 100 Dollars, for every Trooper, with his Horse and Accoutrements, which shall be brought in, and so in proportion for any part, to be divided according to the rank and pay of the party.
The Picquet Guard to be reinforced this evening with a regiment from each division; they are to parade at 5 O’Clock this evening near Head-Quarters; the eldest Colonel to command the whole, and to come to Head-Quarters for Orders before they march off.
The constant beating of Drums on all occasions is very improper—there should be no Drum but on the parade, and Main Guard—All fatigue parties to march with the Fife, and no Drum to beat, on any account, after Retreat-Beating, but by special order.
John Cawley and Michael McDaniel of Col. Hazletts regiment, tried by the Court Martial whereof Col. Holman was President, for “Robbing Isaiah Rider”—are both acquitted—The General approves the sentence, and orders them to be discharged.
James Daniel of Capt. Horton’s Company, Col. Ritzema’s Regiment, convicted by the same Court Martial, is ordered to receive 39

Lashes—forfeit, two month’s pay—The General approves the sentence, and orders it to be executed at the usual time and place.
William Turner and Daniel Shute are appointed Aids-De-Camp to Genl Lincoln, and are to be obeyed and respected accordingly.
The Court of Enquiry on Col. Tyler, having reported that there is no sufficient reason for the appointment of a Court Martial on his conduct. The General orders him to be released from his arrest.
Regimental Courts Martial to be formed immediately, for the trial of prisoners charged with Crimes under their cognizance.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 27 October 1776
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Fort Lee [N.J.] Octo. 27, 1776

By Major Howel you will receive 119000 Musket Cartridges. Part arrived today and part last Night. as soon as the remainder comes up from Amboy & Philadelphia they shall be sent forward. I have been to view the roads again; and fixt upon Aquacanack, Springfield Bownsbrook [Bound Brook], Prince Town & Trenttown to establish the Magezines at. Trent Town and Equacanack, to be the principal ones, the others only to serve to support the Troops in passing from one to the other. They are all inland Posts and I hope the stores will be secure, I have ordered all the Cannon from Amboy except two Eighteen pounders and two field pi[e]ces, I have directed them to be sent to Springfield Bowns Brook & Equacanack to secure the Stores.
The People have been employd on the other side in geting the boards together at Fort Washington & the Ferry. Some have been brought from Kings Bridge. Today I sent up to Col. Lasher to know what Assistance he could give towards takeing down the Barracks, and bringing off the Boards; and had for Answer that he had Orders to burn the barracks, quit the Post and join the Army by the way of the North River at the White Plains. We have had a considerable Skirmish on York Island today, the cannonade began in the morning and held until Evening, with very short intermisions. A Ship movd up opposite Fort No. 1 Col. Magaw got down an Eighteen pounder and fird 60 Shot at her 26 of which went into her. She slipt her Cable and left her Anchor and was towed off by four Boats. I think we must have kild a considerable number of their men for the confusion and distress exceeded all description. Our Artillery behavd incomparably well Col. Magaw is charmd with their conduct in firing at the Ship and in the Field. I left the Island at three OClock this Afternoon we had lost but one Man, he was killed by a shell that fell upon his Head. We have brought off some of the Enemy off the field of Battle and more are still lying on the ground dead.
I am Anxious to know the State of the Troops in the grand Army, whether they are high or low Spirited. whether well or ill Posted. whether a Battle is expected or not. we must govern our Opperations by yours. The Troops here and on the other side are in good Spirits; but I fear quiting fort Independance will Oblige Magaw to draw in his forces into the Garrison as the Enemy will have a passage open upon his back. I fear it will damp the Spirits of his Troops—He did not expect it so soon. If the Barracks are not burnt in the morning and the Enemy dont press too hard upon us, we will try to get away some of the boards. I am dear General Your Obedient Servant

Nath. Greene


Title: To George Washington from Richard Henry Lee, 27 October 1776
From: Lee, Richard Henry
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir,
Philadelphia 27th October 1776

I congratulate you sincerely on the several advantages your Troops have lately gained over the enemy, for ’tho each has been but small, yet in the whole they are considerable, and will certainly have the effect of inspiriting our army, whilst it wastes and discourages the other. May the great Dispenser of justice to Mankind put it in your power, before this campaign ⟨e⟩nds, to give these foes to human kind, the stroke, their ⟨w⟩icked intentions entitles them to. ’Tis amazing with ⟨w⟩hat force, and infamous perseverance the Devils of despotism with their corrupted Agents pursue the purpose of enslaving this great Continent! Their system of policy has been evident for some time past—They mean to keep their own people in G. B. quiet, and the other powers of Europe still for this campaign, by an infinite number of falsehoods touching the progress of their arms, and the consequent probable submission of the colonies; whilst they endeavor by an extraordinary exertion of force to put things realy into such a situation this year, as to terrify foreigners from interfering, and encourage with hope their own deluded people. Pursuing this idea, Europe will be made to ring with sounding accounts of their immense successes in Canada and at New York, when in fact, considering the greatness of their force both by sea and land, with the amazing expence these will create, what they have done is meer nothing. But should fortune favor

us so, as that any considerable impression could be made on Gen. Howes army this Campaign, the high hopes they have raised, and the numberless lies they have told, will disgrace and ruin them with the whole world.
I have the pleasure to assure you the train is so la⟨id⟩ that we have the fairest prospect of being soon suppli⟨ed⟩ and copiously too, with military stores of all kind⟨s⟩ and with clothing fit for the soldiers. Immediately to be sure we are much pressed for want of the latter, but if we can brush thro this crisis, we shall be secure. The French court has given us so many unequivocal proofs of their friendship, that I can entertain no doubt of their full exertions in our favor, and as little, that a war between them and G. B. is not far distant. I sincerely wish you health sir, and that you may be happy in the success you are so eminently intitled to. I am with perfect esteem, dear Sir your most affectionate and obedient servant

Richard Henry Lee


Title: General Orders, 28 October 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, White Plains, Octobr 28th 1776.


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 28 October 1776
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philada Monday Eveng 11 oClock 28th Octor 1776

This moment Dodd the Express from the State of Massachusetts, who Took your Dispatches to Congress on Saturday last, Arriv’d at my house, and informs me that this Day about 12 oClock he put up at one Bissinett’s a publick house in Bristol, where he open’d his Bundle to deliver a Letter to be forwarded over the Ferry to Mrs Reed, & leaving his Bundle in the Barr Room while he Stept out, on his return the whole of his Letters were carried off, & no person could give any Accott of them, and after Enquiring and getting all the Assistance he could to Endeavour the obtaing them, their Searches were fruitless, & he is here without a single Letter—As your Letters may be of the utmost Consequence, & the Enemy may derive great Advantages from the knowledge of their Contents, (as I have no Doubt but they will soon be in possession of them,) I have Judg’d it proper without waiting

for the Meeting of Congress in the Morning to Dispatch this Express to you, to give you this Intelligence, that you may as far as possible Guard against the Movements the Enemy may make in Consequence of the Intelligence they may gain by the possession of those Letters, and that you may Take such Steps as this Accident may Suggest to you from the particulars of your Letters as necessary to Counteract the Attempts of the Enemy—I however hope that your Letters, should they fall into their hands will not Afford them much Comfort, nor give them any great Prospects of Advantages, tho’ I shall be unhappy untill I know the Contents, & Beg by the Return of this Express you will Send me a Copy of them as it will be a great Relief to Congress to Receive the earliest Accott.
I shall early in the Morng Send to Bristol & have a strict Scr⟨utiny⟩ made, & Recover the Letters if possible, o⟨r⟩ Detect the persons who Rob’d the mail.
You will Excuse this hasty Letter, & wrote in great Agitation & hurry, as I would not lose a moment in Sending it off. I am with the utmost Respect & Esteem Sir Your most obedt hume Svt

John Hancock Presidt


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Henry Beekman Livingston, 28 October 1776
From: Livingston, Henry Beekman
To: Washington, George

Sr
New Haven Octr 28th 1776.

After having with the greatest Impatience waited the Arrival of the Whale Boats and Vessels that were to have been employed in the Long Island Expedition I find myself at Length disappointed. Colonel Mc: Intosh having Marched two of the Regiments that were allotted for the Purpose to Head Quarters so that the Original Plan must of Necessity fall through as the Force we have left is Inadequate to the under[ta]keing. Colonel Richmond’s Regiment has only Three Hundred Men, and my Detatchment together with Part of Colonel Smith’s Regiment that have Joined me amount to about two Hundred The Term of Inlistment for Colonel Richmonds Regiment will be elapsed in ten Days. However we will not be Quite Disappointed but will make an attempt to Disperse the Recruits inlisting for General How on Long Island If our Orders extended to burning the Hay Grain and whatsoever we conceived might be of advantage to the Enemy, I immagine we might Distress them a little But this Governour Trumbull will not Authorise, Colonel Richmond (to whome he has given the Command) to Execute. I had not the least Item of Colonel McIntoshes being Recalled untill my arrival at this Place. If the weather permits I fancy we shall be to morrow Night on Long Island tho I don’t think under the Restrictions laid on us anything of Great Consequence Can be Atcheived. I should have waited Your Excellencies Orders at this Place had I not Received Express ones from Governour Trumbull to Repair to Long Island among the Few of Colonel Smith’s Regiment that have Joined Me there are almost as many Officers as men and about Twenty Volunteers, some of whome I have employed in Order to Collect Men on the East end of Long Island. Our Success at Landing will be Communicated to your Excellency as soon as Effected. The enclosed is a Copy of an Order from Governour Trion To the People of Suffolk County. I hope we shall be Time enough to Prevent its Effects. The Original, I have not yet been able to lay my hands upon. I have some Reason to believe the Militia in General will Join us on Landing. they have been so much Harrassed and Imposed upon by the Enemy that they now wish to throw off the Yoke. I Remaine Your Excellencies Most Obt Humble Sert

Henry B: Livingston


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 29 October 1776
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Fort Lee [N.J., 29 October 1776]

Colo. Lasher burnt the Barracks yesterday morning three oClock. he left all the Cannon in the Fort. I went out to examin the ground and found between two and three hundred Stand of small Arms (that were out of repair) about two miles beyound Kings Bridge, a great number of Spears, Shot Shells & so, too numerous to mention. I directed all the Waggons on the other side to be employd in geting the Stores away; and expect to get it compleated this morning. I forgot to mention five Tons of Bar Iron that was left. I am sorry the Barracks want [weren’t] left Standing a few days longer, it would given us an Opportunity to have got off some of the boards. I think Fort Independance might kept the Enimy at Bay, for several days—but the Troops here and on the other side are much fatigued, that it must have been a work of time.
Col. Magaw shew me a letter from Col. Read, ordering the Rangers to march and join the Army. Major Coburn was wounded in the Sunday Action. Col. Magaw says the Rangers are the only security to his lines, by keeping out constant patroles, their acquaintance with the ground, enables them to discover the Enimies motions in every quarter. The Col. Petitions very hard for their stay. I told him I would send an Express to learn your Excellencys further pleasure. The Col. thinks if the Rangers leaves him he must draw the Garrison in from the lines. that would be a pity as the Redoubt is not yet in any great forwardness. From the Sunday affair I am more fully convinced that we can prevent any ships from stoping the communication.
I have forwarded Eighty thousand Musket Cartridges more, under the care of a Subbalterns Guard commanded by Lt Pempelton of Col. Rollings Regiment.
This moment heard, of the Action of yesterday. can learn no particulars—God grant you protection and success—Col. Crawford says he expects the Action to be renewd this morning. I hope to be commanded wherever I can be most useful. I am Dear General your most Obedient and very humble Servant

N. Greene


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 29 October 1776
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Fort Lee [N.J.] Octr 29. 1776

Inclosed is an Estimate made of the Provisions and Provinder, necessary to be laid in, at the different Posts, between this and Philadelphia, to form a communication; and for the support of the Troops, passing and repassing from the different States.
Your Excellency will please to examine it, and signafy your Pleasure. Shoud the Estimate be larger than is necessary for the Consumption of the Army, very little or no loss can arise, as the Articles will be laid in at a season when the prises of things are at the lowest rates; and the situations will admit of an easy transportation to Market by Water.
The Ships have fallen down the North River and the Troops which advanced upon Harlem-Plains, and on the Hill where the Monday Action was, have drawn within their lines again.
I receiv’d the Prisoners taken, and have forwarded them to Philadelphia—I enclose you a Return of the Troops at this Post, who are chiefly raw and undisaplin’d. I am with great Respect Your Excellencys Most Obedt humble Servt

Nathanael Greene


Title: Enclosure: Estimate of Provisions and Table of Distances for New Jersey Magazines, 29 October 1776
From: Greene, Nathanael
To:

[c.29 October 1776]

An Estimate of the Magazines to be laid in at the following Posts for the Subsistance of the Troops and for the Horses in Waggons and Artillery.

            bbl Flour
            Beef & Pork
            Tons of Hay
            Bushl Grain

            2000 Men at Fort Lee for Five Months
            3100
            3100
            300
            10000

            At Hackinsack for the Use of the Hospital allowing fresh Provisions to supply the rest
            1000
            300
            150
            1500

           At Equacanaugh [Acquacknack] to furnish the Troops at Elizabeth Town and Newark and to subsist the Main Army in passing to Philadelphia
            3000
            3000
            300
            10000

            At Springfield a Weeks Provision for 20000 Men on their Way to Philadelphia
            700
            700
            50
            1500

            At Boundbrook the Same
            700
            700
            50
            1500

            At Prince Town the Same
            700
            700
            50
            1500

            At Trentown to subsist 20000 Men for three Months
            3000
            3000
            300
            10000

            12200
            11500
            1200
            36000

            N.B.
            From Fort Lee to Hackinsack by new Bridge
            9
            Miles
            Water Carriage from this place

            from Hackinsack to Equacanaugh
            5
            Miles
            Do

            from Equacanaugh to Springfield
            16
            Miles
            7 Miles to a Landing at Newark

            from Springfield to Boundbrook
            19
            Miles
            7 Miles to a Landing at Brunswick

            from Boundbrook to princetown
            20
            Miles
            12 Miles Land Carriage to Daleware River

            from Prince Town to Trentown
            12
            Miles.
            Water Carriage to Philadelphia

N.B. In the above calculation an Allowance is made for Supplying the Troops passing and Repassing from the different States.

N. Greene


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philip Schuyler, 29 October 1776
From: Schuyler, Philip
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Saratoga [N.Y.] October 29th 1776

Your Excellency’s obliging Favor of the 22d Instant, I had the Honor to receive Yesterday—I read with sensible Satisfaction your judicious Remarks on the Militia—I assure you they are reallized in this Quarter and if General Gates was not so very importunate to have them at Tyonderoga, I should certainly dismiss many of them, as they move with much Reluctance, and will neither assist in fortifying or mounting Guard—Those from New England are ordered to Tyonderoga by the Way of Skenesborough—Those from this County I have distributed in such a Manner at the different posts on the Communication, as to prevent any Interruption from the Enemy in sending on Supplies, excepting near one thousand which I have sent into Tryon County—By Advices from thence we learn that the Enemy meditate an Attack in that Quarter, and this Account is corroberated by the Departure of

several of the principal Tories, who are gone to join the Enemy—It is very probable that General Carlton may have detached a party of Indians Tories and Canadians to penetrate into that part of the Country, in Order to embarrass [us] and draw off our Attention from him.
Inclose you Copy of General Gates’s last Letter to me—Your Excellency will percieve that he believes General Carlton will make an Attempt upon him—I really think he cannot do it at any Time this Campaign, in which we shall be in a better Condition to receive him: but if he defers it to another, I think our Works may be so strengthened and such precautions taken as will render it utterly impossible for almost any Army to penetrate by the Way of Tyonderoga, and an Army that shall attempt to march from Crown point, so as to leave Tyonderoga on the Right, will find itself involved in such a Variety of Difficulties as are inextricable and must prove fatal.
Every precaution your Excellency has suggested shall be taken, and not a Carriage or any Sustenance left for the Enemy, in Case our Troops should be obliged to retire from Tyonderoga.
Barracks are erecting at this place and I hope will be finished in three Weeks capable of receiving a thousand Men—I propose some others on the Communication, if Time and Circumstances will permit. Adieu my dear General! I am with every Wish, that Esteem & Affection suggests Your Excellency’s most obedient humble Servant

Ph: Schuyler


Title: General Orders, 30 October 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, White-Plains, Octobr 30th 1776.

The frequent, indeed constant complaints of the men, for want of provisions upon any Move, which is necessary for them to make, induces the General once more to desire, the commanding Officers of Regts and Corps, to see that they are never without three day’s provisions ready dress’d by them.
All Detachments and Parties are to parade, wherever ordered, with their Packs and Provisions, that they may be ready for any service they are ordered upon.
It is strictly enjoined upon all officers, to disengage themselves of heavy and cumbrous baggage, as the difficulty of procuring Teams, for transportation of necessary baggage, and stores, which necessarily occasions all heavy Boxes, Chests &c. to be thrown away.
The General insists upon having the Rolls regularly called, that the officers may account for, and know where, the men are, who are always to be ready to turn out upon any Alarm; when Waiters are always to appear under Arms. Upon any Alarm, the Drums are to beat through the whole lines, To Arms, as quick as possible, and continue beating ’till the whole line is formed.
The Out-Guard to examine all persons riding into Camp without Arms, and turn any back who are not known, or cannot give sufficient reasons for their coming into camp.
The Brigade Majors immediately to settle a General Court Martial—No Member under the rank of Captain—A Brigadier to preside.


Title: To George Washington from John Augustine Washington, 30 October 1776 [letter not found]
From: Washington, John Augustine
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from John Augustine Washington, 30 Oct. 1776. In a letter dated 6–19 Nov., GW wrote to his brother John: “Your Letter of the 30th of Octr was delivered to me a few days ago.”


Title: To George Washington from Landon Carter, 31 October–2 November 1776
From: Carter, Landon
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Octobr 31[-2 November] 1776 Sabine Hall.

By Lieutenant Beale of our 5th Regiment I am endeavouring to lead my trembling pen, to the duty of sincerety in friendship, and with a line of respect to ask you my Dr George the momentous question at these times, How do you do? This bearer, if report has not Stationd the Corps he belongs to at Philadelphia, will deliver this letter to you. You will find in him more resolution and modest prudence, than generally falls to the Share of Youth; at least those of Virginia within my acquaintance. His seasoning (which I may call every kind of hardship in service) had like to have demolished him, without a bullet: But heaven seems to have reservd him for a further assistance to the great cause of Liberty.
I never mention that word, but I think how unhappy I must have been, in alarming so many dear as well as brave friends, with the danger it was in When I first in America attackt that Parliamentary vote, “to tax the Colonies with certain Stamp duties.” I say unhappy, to think of the enumerable dangers, that have been and still must be encountered, to support that freedom wch man derives from God alone. But when the justice of the cause vibrates from my soul on every part of my body I am greatly transported, to see the arm of heaven displaying the banners of Protection, Whilst every breast is inspired to

write in action an Epitaph on its Possessor (should he fall in the Struggle) more Glorious than Mortality alone can express; and every Christian hero, can say with the never to be forgotten Cato, One moment of such a life in the bosom of freedom, is worth an Age of inactivity deserving of Bondage.
When my own care is constantly engaged to ward off the dangers, and uneasy Concomitants of almost extreme years, I often compose my momentary Pains, with the comforts wch may be deduc’d to Posterity, from the Manœuvres of my dear Washington, whose happy success must treasure up the blessings, possibly of Millions yet Unborn; for without affecting to be enthusiastically religious I never read of a divine instrument of human happiness, but I carry the gratitude of ages, back to record the rembrance of such a friend to mankind. But let me not tire you with my own heartfelt expectations. Can you find time, to be detaind but one moment from the God of battle, to tell an old sincere tho plain Man, how you and the brave retinue all around you do? I fear not! However I can supply an answer to my question, founded in my Ideas of Justice; from an assurance that the same merciful being wch directs the Sword of War, must conduct the scale of natural Right. I read of the Par Nobile fratrum the Viscount and his brother; and see their Proficiency in the arts of Ministerialism. But I hope, that even the two months extraordinary, wch the former took to become expert from his own accot, has not added the least particle of knowledge to the latter whom you drove from Boston. And that the day is yet to come perhaps not afar off in wch they will be entrapped in their own Wiliness. Our news from N.Y. is generally such a compound of inconsistency, & every now & then so poisoned with a little toryism in its way to us, that for my part tho it is sometimes very encouraging, I never admit of the least tittle of it, but as domestick Volatiles; for wch I am sorry to say, that there seems sometimes to be too much Occasion. If I don’t err in Conjecture, I cant help thinking that the head of our common Wealth, has as great a Palace of fear and Apprehension, as can possess the heart of any being; and if we compare rumours with actual movemts, I beleive it will prove itself to any sensible man. As soon as the Congress, sent for our 1. 3. 4. 5. & 6 regiments to assist you, in contest agst the enimy where they really [w]ere; and not suffer them to be inactive, at a vast expence where the enimy was ridiculously enough only expected to be; founded on some defeat they must receive in their first movemts, I say there got a report among the soldiery, that Dignity had declared it would not reside in Williamsburgh, without 2000 men under a[r]ms, to guard him. This had like to have occasiond a Mutiny. A desertion of many from the several companies did follow; boistrous fellows resisting and swearing they would not

leave their Country. But being in Continental pay, most of them were persuaded to embark up the bay at last. What a finess of Popularity was this? Popularity the only real enimy to freedom; and I shall be happily mistaken, if it will not at last be the “recovering Sword” which the Viscount pledg’d himself at parting, to make use of. For thus I reason, whilst deception conducts the Constituting powers (the freeholders) The hypocrites who make use of it, will soon be bribed into Contention, and then by a tide of corruption, Poor Liberty will be forgot and ⟨illegible⟩ into Slavery, resuming its most humiliating form. But to go on (for I have it from a brother to one who is in the army) As soon as these regimts were gone, This great man; found an interest with the Council of state, Perhaps as timorous as himself, to issue orders for the Militia of 26 Counties and 5 companies of a minute battalion, to march to Wmsburgh to protect him only agst his own fears. And to make this the more Popular it was endeavourd that the House of delegates, should give it a countenance; but as good luck would have it, it was with difficulty refusd because a good Purge says Dr Lee would do full as well. I say good luck, and Faith my friend George, that is now our only chance. Immediately then, tho’ we do not know whence our taxes are to arise, payable some of them next June, A bill is brought in, to remove the seat of Governmt; some say up to Hanover, to be cal[l]ed Henry Town; but I beleive it will split as usual, on the rock Ubi, for numbers as it is now actually in motion, are for the back Country. I propose this shall be a sketch of my own observations, to entertain You; Therefore I go on to shew, how busy contention is to effect an edge for this recovering sword of the Viscounts. In Legislation we affect one while, according to our 5 article of Declaratory rights, to keep the Legislative, the executive, and the Judiciary powers separate, and distinct, But if we read the Journals, we see one day, tho’ Petitions set forth, that the very matters complaind of, are actually before the executive and Judiciary powers, Yet Popularity shews itself so Ascendently in the House (by the very means of which, most of the delegates got there) that now all three Powers, are crowding to form one tribunal; because Judges can only determine according to laws & usages in being; wch do not Aid Such Petitioners, but rather destroy their Complaints; and therefore, they are brought to Legislation for determination, according to some democratic assumd retrospection (that is) a mode of punishing is to be resolved on, by that arch fiend in all Popularity Pro hac Vice, only. But when a matter, in wch no constituent can be engaged is brought on, tho immediately during the heat of such Petitions as before, then You hear of the “impropriety in interfering in matters under distinct regulations already made, without first repealing those regulations.” By this, tis plain, it is not because

they dont know better, but because they will not do better. And if you cant see the very face of Contention in such iniquitous occasional & Popular modes of pleasing, it must be, because you are at present only engaged as a soldier (but not as a citizen) in a Military constitution. I have not done yet with entertaining my friend, to whom I would not hesitate an untruth. Nothing so noble as the Jealousy of Power, with which we set out in this Common Wealth form of Governmt! But now some of our Popular adherents want to be pd for their services in Inspectors Places, and our back bawlers out, want public Warehouses & securities for their Comodities; Notwithstanding good rolling houses would do as they usd before the Inspection law took place, & the Inspection money, would reasonably be an insurance to the Proprietors of the houses for the forthcomings of the comodity, without the least expence to the Country; Yet that Cursed law must be revivd, to give two men alone a power to say whether a man shall have any things for his whole years labour or not. Judges by at least 10,000 instances, since this law first took place, who have provd them Selves capable of resentmt, and every villanous Corruption Notwithstanding their oaths, and according to the very nature of an Oath, they must be Judges from whom there can be no appeal; because no man can say, that he who swears to do according to his Judgemt, did not think the comodity bad. Yet if you lose a dog, ox, or cow; and another has got possession of them, you must have 12 Jurymen sworn, and all of them must be of one Opinion. As to a merchantable Comodity, cannot some sworn receiver as it usd to be, determine that between Purchaser & Seller? and let every man do as he pleases in the managemt of what he makes. But least contention should not arise out of Principles so inconsistant with the very Ideas of Property, These Warehouses are all to be at the heads of the rivers; so that he that makes tobacco in the lower parts, must inspect it up there. I knew the gallows imploy’d from the hardships and inconveniences of the first Inspecting law, & I saw many thousds in full march to burn all the Warehouses; and mark the end of this! Popularity has here, been brot to a non-plus what to do; but I am persuaded it will not be long so; The lowland men can fight agst laws, that oblige them to be starved, as well as Upland men can fight for them, because they are made to please them. I foretold this effect from the constant dividing back Counties long ago. He must be no artist in divisions, in the several states that cant see how easy one Legislative power alone, must destroy even a whole land of freedom. It is not the first time the evil one has sown tares among good grain. Once more to shew you that contention must soon generate; notwithstanding we can talk of Private views and what not in other men &a; Can tell those we descended from, that we have as much right to do

as we please with our Property as they have; & that we certainly have, and therefore say right to them, Yet I say we will not let those who are descending from us, say so in behalf of their fathers: that is their fathers have entailled estates on them, but tho we got them in the same conditional manner—from our fathers, we will not let them do as they please with their Property. So that the very basis of the american contest is quite forgotten, when we are to be aggressors as Dr Price and Lord Cambden says; but when they, that is the british Parliament are the aggressors why then truely we cry aloud agst the injustice of the conduct. It is so striking! that tho I should be benifited much by such a law; and could not be in the least privately affected by it to my injury, Yet from a Soul that detests even the thoughts of so much injustice to others: I cannot help looking up to heaven and crying out O God of Justice! father Omnipotent! let not this give the least wound to the Continental cause of freedom; Par adventure there should be but ten found in the land, to reprobate and detest an injustice so crying in its very nature as this bill, already in but 7 days passd one house; and is in a Senate full of men loaded with Private views. It is calld docking all entaills; But is it not entailling one, they cannot dock? The curses of Posterity on them, who must in that very contest for liberty entaille a load of debts upon those who are to come, after they have robbd them of their very estates to pay that debt from; by overturning the very Principles of Justice on wch they built their very Claim to freedom. This is what I call sowing the seeds of contention, wch must spring up sooner or later, and all from the poisoned soil of Popularity. It is very comical that the very men who left the congress, who came with a very blackning report of midnight caballings among the Members in Congress, to project schemes to Pursue, should as they travel, disgorge such a s[c]andalous conduct in others for private views; and yet them Selves to be the introducers of such bare faced, interested, and iniquitous violations of Justice. Was any man in your camp to say, who is the greatest drunkard, and most Pernicious to Society, he who only drinks in the night, and is perhaps ashamd of it in the morning; or he who gets drunk (sub dio) at midday as old Bacchus usd to say? I daresay the midnight drunkard, would be the most to be respected. I make this observation from my knowledge in Parliamentary forms. It is not Usual for those who are agst a bill, to be the bearers of it; and this bill (as cursed in its nature, as the removal of a neighbours landmark, his Will and Pleasure in giving his own Property) was borne about by the famous T. J——n fronti Nulla fides indeed! If Lord Howe Knew this, What would he not attempt to do, with such men? But I hope according to Hudibrass—

Toledo, tho’ true and trusty,
For want of use is now grown rusty.
My friend excuse my impertinence. I am old. Can you read me? It is all I ask. and if my Colic is to continue my chum, I shall live but mentally to see the pains in Governmt, wch others I fear must feel. But where ever I go, the man “who would not forget the Citizen in the Soldier,” shall have my eulogium. My Son &a most respectfully wish your health, Success, and Prosperity. I can say no more, but your most esteeming friend, & acquaintance

Landon Carter

November 2. Lieutt Beale being in his illness obligd to leave his baggage where he was quarterd, finds them so pillaged now as to make his stay necessary for some days to get refitted, wch I assure you is a hard matter to do now in this Common W— This then comes thro’ some Conveyance of Colo. F. Lee.
Since writing the inclosed One Mr Armistead returnd from an excursion to Philadelphia, has written to his father in law Colo. Peachey, That just before he left Philadela news Came, that General Lee had with a body of men marchd to meet the 5000 enimy, who seemd intending to cut off yr Communication with the back Country; had met with them, and drove them twice within their own lines & with great loss. It is pleasing and with No great inconsistency—That in his way from Philadelphia he Armistead, met or overtook an express informing every body, that Genl Mercer having a certain intelligence of the evacuation of Staten Island to about 1500 men, had passd a body of men to attack them, and had been engaged about 4 hours when the express left him; and had every Certainty of taking or destroying them all. For want of some Plat to give me an Idea of Situations, I cannot say as to the Probability of this report. I wish you had such a thing to spare; or any Gentleman in Your Camp, It would give my Geographical genius great Pleasure; and no return shall be wanting. My Complimts to Genl Lee in Particular, with a God speed you all. Some rascally Tory has reported that Lee had recommended to All America to make Peace with Lord Howe on any terms. I saw no body that could beleive it. But every body engagd to do his Character great Justice—Morgan the rifle Capt. taken Prisoner at Quebeck, it seems was met returnd on his paroll of not taking up arms agst K. George; and ⟨illegible⟩ going to know of our house of delegates, if a Prisoner returnd in his room could not Absolve his engagemt? If it could not, he was resolv’d to go our agst the Indians. I here doubt; because he must have known the Congress could only solve that difficulty. I mention these things to you, only as the news of the day. My Grandson is active and Punctual in the Militia, ready to step forth on any occasion. I could

not maintain him as he ought to be as a supernumerary under Genl Lee; therefore with great thankfulness that kind offer in the Genl was declin’d.


Title: From George Washington to Maj. Gen. Nathanael Greene, 31 October 1776 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

Letter not found: to Maj. Gen. Nathanael Greene, 31 Oct. 1776. Greene’s first letter to GW of 29 Oct. is docketed “An[swere]d 31st.”


Title: Lieutenant Colonel Robert Hanson Harrison to John Hancock, 31 October 1776
From: Harrison, Robert Hanson
To: Hancock, John

Sir
White plains Octobr 31st 1776

Since I had the Honor of addressing you on the 29th Instant, no event of importance has occured. The Enemy are throwing up some Lines and Redoubts in our Front with a view of Canonading as soon as they are ready, and at the same time, are extending their Wings farther by our right and left. It is supposed, that one of their Objects is, to advance a part of their Troops and Seize on the Bridge over Croton River that the communication may be cut off with the upper Country. to prevent this, a part of our force is detached with orders to proceed with the utmost expedition and to secure the pass if possible. We are trying to remove to guard against their designs, but are greatly impeded by reason of the Scarcity of Waggons in proportion to our baggage and Stores. Every exertion has been employed to obtain a sufficiency, but they cannot be had in this part of the Country. The Quarter Master has sent to Connecticut to get a supply if possible. Our Army is decreasing fast; Several Gentlemen who have come to Camp within a few days, have observed large numbers of Militia returning Home on the different roads—nor are any measures taken as yet to raise the New Army, no Committees having come from the States to appoint or signifye the nomination of their Officers. If this was done,

perhaps many who are now here might be induced to engage, but at present there are none authorized to recruit.
His Excellency would have wrote himself by the person who carries this to the care of Genl Greene, but his attention is totally engaged in ordering the Affairs of the Army and the best mode for its removal. I have the Honor to be with the greatest respect Sir Your Most Obedt Servt

Rob: H: Harrison


Title: General Orders, 1 November 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, White-Plains, November 1st 1776.
Belford.Spain.

Peter Buise under sentence of death, and to be executed this day, is reprieved until Monday 11 o’Clock.
The General Court Martial whereof Genl McDougall is President, to sit to morrow, at the house above Genl Lee’s Quarters, for the trial of Col. Graham—Col. Foreman of Genl Heard’s Brigade, and other Witnesses to attend.
The moving state of the Army will occasion some irregularity, but the General hopes that officers of all ranks, will exert themselves, to correct all abuses, particularly the following;
Straggling from Camp, or plundering parties.
Taking up and keeping horses.
Loading the teams with heavy lumber and unnecessary baggage.
Firing in, and about, the Camp.
To prevent the first—the Rolls are to be frequently called, at least three times a day, and the absent punished—To prevent the second, all Horses not belonging to the Artillery, or Ammunition or Field-Officers, to be collected and sent to the Quarter-Master General, near Head-Quarters—To prevent the third, the Field Officers should have a general examination of the baggage of their regiments; and all heavy Chests, Tables, Chairs, and other lumber be left, or after this, they will be thrown off the Waggons wherever met with: To prevent firing in Camp, the Order of yesterday to be executed, by giving the offender 10 lashes on the spot, let him belong to what regiment he may.
A relief having come for the Light-Horse under Major Backers, that Corps is now dismissed with the General’s hearty thanks for their faithful services, and the cheerfulness and alacrity they have shewn upon all occasions.


Title: General Orders, 2 November 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, White-Plains, Nov: 2nd 1776
Westchester.Sussex.

The General expressly forbids any person, or soldier, belonging to the Army, to set fire to any House, or Barn, or Barn, on any pretence, without a special order from some General Officer.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Ethan Allen, 2 November 1776
From: Allen, Ethan
To: Washington, George

Sir,
November 2 1776 New York Harbour

Having Procur’d the favour of Writing a few Lines to your Excellency, I Cherfully Exbrace the oppertunity and Entertain fond Hopes Shortly to pay my compliments to your Excellency Personally; The Kings Officers Incourage me that it will not be long before I am Exchanged, and I doubt Not but that your Excellency will Promote it, the more so, as I have suffered a long and sevear Imprisonment; Tho, in the passage from Halifax to Newyork Harbour, where I have been a few days, I was Courteously Treated by Capt. Smith & his Officers of the Lark Frigate in which I Sailed, and am now on Board a Transport Cal’d the Glasgow, where I am well Used, and have in great measure recover’d my Health, provided a little Cash could be Sent me it would Oblige your Excellency’s Most Obedient Humble Servt

Ethan Allen

P.S. There are Twenty four Prisoners with me, some of them were Taken at Bunkers Hill but the most of them with me Near Montreal, here are Included the Master of the Brigg Washington & his Mait, Also Mr James Lovell from Boston, who is this day to be Set at Liberty in Exchange for Governor Skeen; the Prisoners are all well but Earnestly desire their Liberty.

E.A.

N.B. Capt. Fransis Procter of a Train of Artillery is Included in the Above Number of Prisoners.

E.A.


Title: To George Washington from Brig. Gen. Samuel Holden Parsons, 2 November 1776 [letter not found]
From: Parsons, Samuel Holden
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Brig. Gen. Samuel Holden Parsons, 2 Nov. 1776. The Continental Congress on 6 Nov. read “a letter, of the 3, from R. H. Harrison, enclosing a letter from Brigadier General Parsons of the 2d” (JCCWorthington Chauncey Ford et al., eds. Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789. 34 vols. Washington, D.C., 1904–37., 6:928; see also Robert Hanson Harrison to John Hancock, 3 November).


Title: General Orders, 3 November 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, White-Plains, Nov: 3rd 1776.

The General is sorry to find, that there are some Soldiers, so lost to all Sense of Honor, and Honesty, as to leave the Army, when there is the greatest necessity for their services: He calls upon the Officers of every rank, to exert themselves, in putting a stop to it, and absolutely forbids any officer, under the rank of a Brigadier General, discharging any officer, or soldier, or giving any permission to leave the Camp on any pretence whatever.
The sick of the Militia may be discharged by their General Officer, after he has seen them, and is satisfied of their incapacity to do duty, but not otherwise.
The situation of the Army, and the Season, requiring that the Soldiery should be as well accommodated as possible, especially at night; the taking of Straw, or even Grain in the sheaf, is not to be considered as included in the Orders against plundering.


Title: Lieutenant Colonel Robert Hanson Harrison to John Hancock, 3 November 1776
From: Harrison, Robert Hanson
To: Hancock, John

Sir
White plains Nov. 3d 1776

By command of his Excellency, I have the honor to inform you, that our situation is nearly the same, as when I had the pleasure of writing you last; It is altered in no instance, unless in the number of our Troops, which is every day decreasing by their most scandalous desertion and return Home. The Inclosed Letter from Genl Parsons who is stationed near the Saw pits, and which his Excellency directed me to

transmit, will inform you of the prevalency of this disgracefull practice. I have the Honor to be with great respect Sir Yr Most Obedt Servt

Rob. H. Harrison


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philip Schuyler, 3 November 1776
From: Schuyler, Philip
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Albany November 3d 1776

I do myself the Honor to inclose you Copy of a Letter, which I received Yesterday from General Gates, with Copy of a paper inclosed.

If Sir John Johnson did actually begin his March at the Time mentioned by the Deserters, he must have met with such Difficulties as has obliged him to return, for he could not have subsisted so long a Time in the Woods; but least he should have delayed his Departure, and marched some Time since, I have ordered two Regiments from Tyonderoga to Tryon County and one to Fort George; about a thousand of the Militia are also in Tryon County, which with their own, and what Troops are there now will something exceed two thousand—I do not apprehend that General Carlton will attempt our Lines—It is to be wished that he did; as it is almost certain, if he does, that he will experience a Repulse.
A Report prevails here that your Excellency has had a capital Engagement with the Enemy, in which they greatly suffered, and that they also made an unsuccessful Attempt on Fort Washington[.] I hope for the pleasure of a Confirmation of this agreeable Intelligence.
Be pleased to forward Copy of General Gates’s Letter and of the other paper to Congress, as I have not wrote them on the Occasion.
If General Carlton does not mean to attack, he must soon return, as the Inclemency of the Season will not suffer him to remain long encamped—Should that Event take place, I shall immediately thereafter draw the Troops from Tyonderoga, leaving about two thousand five hundred Men as a Garrison. I am dear Sir with great Esteem and Respect Your Excellency’s most obedient humble Servant

Ph: Schuyler


Title: From George Washington to William Shippen, Jr., 3 November 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Shippen, William Jr.

Dear Sir
Head Quarters [White Plains] 3d Novemr 1776

I am favd with yours of the 29th last Month. Altho’ by the Resolutions of Congress you are appointed to the Director Generalship of the Flying Camp in New Jersey, and Doctor Morgan to that of the Continental Army which has lain on this side the North River, yet I never imagined it meant to exclude either of you from the power of establishing Hospitals on which ever side of the River you thought most convenient for your respective Sick. Under the Circumstances in which we left New York we found it impossible to remove our Sick up the Country on this side the River, Docr Morgan was therefore directed to provide and prepare Hospitals for them in Jersey, to be under the Controul of him and his Assistants.
He informs me he has left Docr Foster with proper Assistants to care of those Sick who were removed from this Army, and it is my desire that they may remain under his Direction, he will undoubtedly take proper Measures to provide comfortably for them. As fast as they recover they are to be sent over to this Army again, and tho they may have put you to some Inconvenience for a time, yet consider the Necessity of the times must plead the Excuse. We have now established Hospitals in this Neighbourhood, and therefore shall have occasion to send no more to Jersey. As fast as Docr Fosters Sick are removed the Houses will be left for your Use and Convenience. I am Dear Sir yr most obt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Horatio Gates, 5 November 1776
From: Gates, Horatio
To: Washington, George

Sir
Tyonderoga 5th November 1776:

I have The Honour to send your Excellency a Copy of my Letter by the Bearer Major Stuart to the president of The Congress.
   General Schuyler has this morning inform’d me of the Rumour of an Action near the White plains, I hope soon to Felicitate Your Excellency upon Having conducted Your Campaign in the most Brilliant and Triumphant manner. I am Sir Your Excellencys most Obliged & most Obedient Humble Servant

Horatio Gates


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 5 November 1776
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philada Novr 5th 1776.

The Congress, apprehensive that Commissioners from some of the States for the Purpose of appointing Officers in the Army under the new Establishment, may not have arrived at the Camp, and at the same

Time fully and deeply impressed with the Necessity of recruiting the Army to its full Complement, have passed the enclosed Resolves, authorizing you to grant Warrants to such Officers as you shall think proper, provided there are no Commissioners from the State to which such Officers belong.
As it is of the greatest Consequence that the Militia now in Service should not leave the Camp at this Crisis, it is the Desire of Congress that you will take such Steps as you shall judge best for attaining this End; and that in particular, you should for that Purpose, write to such of the States as have any Militia in the Government of New York requesting their Assistance in the Business.
The Commissions, for such Officers as you shall please to appoint by Warrant, in Consequence of the enclosed Resolves, shall be forwarded as soon as possible.
The Resolves herewith transmitted, I am to inform you, do not extend to the Maryland Troops, as the Commissioners from that State, are on their Way to Head Quarters to appoint Officers agreeably to the former Resolves of Congress. You will therefore be pleased to suspend any Appointment of Officers for that State, until you shall hear further from Congress, or until the Arrival of those Gentlemen shall make it unnecessary.
The enclosed Commission of Brigadier General you will please to have delivered to Genl Smallwood. With every Sentiment of Esteem & Respect I am Sir your very hble Set

John Hancock Presidt

I send some Commissions, & shall send others immediately. Mr Harrisons Letters to 3d Inst. are come to hand.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Rufus Putnam, 5 November 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Rufus

Sir
Headquarters Whiteplains November 5th 1776

you are directed to repair to wrights Mills, & lay out any work there you concive to be necessary in case it is not already don; from thence you are to proceed towards Croton Bridge, and post the two Regiments of Militia in the most advantagous maner, So as to obstruct the enimies passage to that quarter.

you are also to give what directions you think are proper to those regiments, respecting the breaking up the roads Leading from the North river eastward.
after this you are to go up to Pekes Kill and direct Lashers detachment to brake up the roads there, you are likewise to Lay out what works will be advisable there & ordor them to be Set about. Given under my hand at [headquarters].

Go Washington


Title: To George Washington from Nicholas Cooke, 6 November 1776
From: Cooke, Nicholas
To: Washington, George

Sir
Providence November 6th 1776.

The General Assembly of this State have ordered Two Battalions to be immediately raised agreeable to the Requisition of the Hon’ble Continental Congress signified to them in a Letter from the President of that August Body.
Congress recommended that a Committee should be appointed to repair to the Army, and there appoint the Officers, but as your Excellency was pleased to inclose in your Favour of the 12th ulto a List of such Gentlemen as would be agreeable to you to receive Commissions, the General Assembly strictly adhered to your Nomination, although Lieutenant Pendleton & Lieut. Crandall belong to the State of Connecticut and Ensign Hunni⟨well⟩ to Massachusetts Bay. Col. Varnum is complimented with ⟨a⟩ Commission by this State; but as Gen. Greene in his Letter has signified that Col. Varnum will decline the Appointment the Vacancy can be filled with Col. Greene who was upon the Canada Expedition.
The General Assembly have not appointed any of those Gentlemen who are now upon their Parole, but leave that Trouble for your Excellency and General Greene to do, as soon as they may consistent with Honor receive Commissions.
Your Excellency was pleased to mention the Advantag⟨es⟩ that would result to the Army by a judicious Choice of Men of strict Honor, and Reputation to officer the Two Battalion⟨s.⟩ The General Assembly are

very sensible of the great Benefit that will arise by having such Men only appointed, and as the Officers in the Two old Battalions have been immedia⟨tely⟩ under your Excellency’s Command, and the Two Battalions heretofore raised by this State have now joined the Army General Assembly could devise no better Means of effecting that salutary Measure than referring the filling up of all Vacancies in the Two Battalions now raising to your Excellency and General Greene, which they have done, and desire that the Officers nominated may belong to this State as they suppose this to be the Meaning of Congress; and request your Excellency that those appointed may immediately inlist every Man possible belonging to the Four Rhode Island Battalions in order to complete ⟨this State’s⟩ Quota; and that you would be pleased to give ⟨every necessary⟩ indulgence to the inlisting Officers ⟨that can be consistently done⟩ to effect the same.
⟨The Assembly requests that your⟩ Excellency would immediately dispatch as many ⟨recruiting⟩ Officers to this State as can ⟨well⟩ be spared from Duty ⟨in order⟩ to effect the completing of the Battalions if they ⟨cannot be⟩ reinlisted out of the Rhode Island ⟨Forces⟩ now in the Army. Attention will be paid to the Officers sent upon this Occasion that they be such as ⟨are most likely to succeed in⟩ the Business. The General Assembly being extremely anxious that the Two Battalions should be forthwith raised have as a farther Encouragement for the Soldiers to inlist granted a Bounty of Twenty Dollars to be paid by this State to each & every non-⟨commissio⟩ned Officer and ⟨private⟩ Soldier who shall so inlist ⟨over & above the Provision m⟩ade for them by Congress.
⟨Messrs Hazard & Holden⟩ the Bearers, will deliver to your Excellency  Commissions for the Officers which you will please ⟨to cause⟩ to be immediately filled & delivered to the Gentlemen you approbate.
Your Excellency will be pleased to excuse the Trouble that the General Assembly have laid on you from the Necessity, they not knowing who will accept of Commissions.
Messrs Haszard and Holden are appointed Pay-Masters to the Battalions ordered to be raised by this State, and are furnished with Money to pay the extra Bounty allowed by this State, and are to assist in inlisting the Men. At the Request and in Behalf of the General Assembly I have the Honor to subscribe myself with great Esteem and Respect, Your Excellency’s Most obedient humble Servant

Nichs Cooke


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 6 November 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
White plains Novr the 6th 1776

I have the honor to inform you, that on yesterday morning the Enemy made a sudden and unexpected movement from the Several posts they had taken in our Front. they broke up their whole Encampments the preceding night, and have advanced towards King’s bridge and the North river. the design of this manuvre, is a matter of much conjecture and speculation, and cannot be accounted for with any degree of certainty. the Grounds we had taken possession of, were strong and advantageous and such, as they could not have gained without much loss of blood in case an attempt had been made. I had taken every possible precaution to prevent their outflanking us, which may have led to the present measure. they may still have in view their original plan; and by a sudden wheel try to accomplish it. detachments are constantly out to observe their motions, and to harrass them as much as possible.

In consequence of this movement, I called a Council of Genl Officers to day to consult of such measures as should be adopted in case they pursued their retreat to New York. the result of which, is herewith transmitted. In respect to myself, I cannot indulge an Idea, that General Howe, supposing he is going to New York, means to close the Campaign and to sit down without attempting something more. I think it highly probable and almost certain, that he will make a descent with a part of his Troops into Jersey, and as soon as I am satisfied that the present manuvre is real and not a feint, I shall use every means in my power to forward a part of our force to counteract his designs. nor shall I be disappointed, if he sends a Detachment to the Southward for the purpose of making a Winter Campaign. from the information I have received, there is now a number of Transports at Red Hook with about three thousand Troops on board. their destination as given out, is, to Rhode Island, but this seems altogether improbable for various reasons, among others, the Season is much against it. in the Southern States they will find it milder and much more favourable for their purposes. I shall take the liberty of mentioning, that it may not be improper to suggest the probability of such a measure to the Assemblies and Conventions in those States, that they may be on their guard, and of the propriety of their establishing and laying up magazines of provisions & other necessaries in suitable places. this is a matter of exceeding importance, and what cannot be too much attended to.
From the approaching dissolution of the Army, and the departure of the New Levies which is on the eve of taking place, and the little prospect of levying a New One in time, I have wrote to the Eastern States by the unanimous advice of the General Officers, to forward Supplies of Militia in the room of those, that are now here, and who it is feared, will not be prevailed on to stay any longer than the time they are engaged for. The propriety of this application, I trust will appear, when it is known, that not a Single Officer is yet commissioned to recruit, and when it is considered how essential it is to keep up some shew of force and shadow of an Army.
I expect the Enemy will bend their force against Fort Washington and invest It immediately. from some advices it is an Object that will attract their earliest attention.
I am happy to inform you that in the Engagement on Monday Sennight, I have reason to beleive our Loss was by no means so considerable as was conjectured at first. By some deserters & prisoners we are told that of the Enemy was tolerably great. some accounts make it about Four Hundred in killed & wounded—All agree that among the former there was a Colo. Carr of the 35th Regiment.
The force that will be sent to Jersey after I am satisfied of Mr How’s

retreat, in addition to those now there, according to my present opinion, will make it necessary for me to go with them, to put things in a proper channel, and such a way of defence, as shall seem most probable—to check the progress of the Enemy in case they should attempt a descent there or a move towards Philadelphia. I have the Honor to be with great respect Sir Yr Most Obedt Sert

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to the Massachusetts General Court, 6 November 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Massachusetts General Court

Gentn
White plains Novr the 6th 1776

The situation of our Affairs is critical and truly alarming; The dissolution of our Army is fast approaching and but little, if any prospect of levying a New one in a reasonable time. A large part of it under the denomination of New Levies, are now on the eve of their departure, and this at a time when the Enemy have a very numerous & formidable force, watching an Opportunity to execute their plans, and to spread ruin and devastation among us. Impressed with the importance of these matters, I this day laid them before a Council of General Officers with a view of obtaining their Opinion upon the same, and of the measures which in their Judgement should be immediately adopted. The result was, that I should apply to several of the States for supplies of Militia, and that your Honble Assembly should be requested to furnish as soon as possible, Four thousand as their Quota to be properly accoutred and equipped with every necessary to supply the place of those who are now here under Genl Lincoln, and who I fear will not be prevailed on to stay longer than the time they engaged for at first. The hope and probability of raising a New Army within a convenient time, are so little, and the consequences so evidently alarming if a sufficient force is not kept up to counteract the designs of the Enemy in the mean time, that the Council and myself have unanimously agreed, that the Militia should be engaged if possible to continue ’till the 1st of March unless their return can be sooner dispensed with. we flatter ourselves by that time, if not long before, such an Army will be levyed, as to render any future claims upon them unless in cases of the most pressing emergency, altogether unnecessary.
From the experience I have had of your past exertions in times of difficulty, I know that nothing in your power to effect will be wanting, and with the greatest confidence I trust that the present requisition will have your most ready approbation and compliance, being in some

degree anticipated by the Inquiry you have directed to be made into the State of our Affairs, and whether any further Aid will be necessary. I have the Honor to be with great respect Gentn Yr most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 7 November 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, White-Plains, Nov: 7th 1776.
Dedham.Newbury

The Colonels, or commanding officers of regiments are immediately to parade their men, examine the state of their regts and make out their Pay-Abstracts in a careful, correct manner for the month of September.
Genl Wadsworth’s Brigade to be in readiness to remove in a short notice, to the ground on which Lord Stirling is posted.
Col. Silliman to take charge of the Brigade during Genl Wadsworth’s illness.
The General Officers, Colonels, and commanding Officers of regiments, are again called upon to examine the Baggage of the troops, under marching orders; to take care that the Tents & spare Arms of the regiment are first put into the Waggons, and then the proper Baggage of the regiment—No chairs, tables, heavy chests or lumber of any kind, to be put in, as it will certainly be thrown off, and left.

No officer of any Rank is to meddle with a Waggon, or Cart, appropriated for any other regiment, or public use; as they wish to avoid confusion, and injuring the service.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Nathanael Greene, 7 November 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

Dear Sir,
White Plains Novr 7th 1776

The Enemy after having Incamp’d in full view of us, and reconnoitring our Situation for several days thought proper on Tuesday Morning to decamp. they have bent their course to Dob⟨bs⟩ Ferry Inclining towards Kings bridge. what their real designs are, we, as yet, are strangers to; but conjecturing that too little is yet done by General Howe to go into Winter Quarters, we conceive that Fort Washington will be an object for part of his Force, whilst New Jersey may claim the Attention of the other part.
To guard against the evils arising from the first, I must recommend to you, to pay every attention in your power and give every assistance you can, to the Garrison opposite to you. to guard against the latter, it has been determined (but this as much as possible under the rose) in a Council of War, to throw over a body of Troops, so soon as we can with more precission ascertain the destination of the Enemy, into the Jerseys, to facilitate this move, the Quarter Master Genl has sent over for Teams to meet the Troops at the Ferry above, & I should be glad to know your Sentiments of the place they should be March’d to as best for covering the Inhabitants & impeding their progress towards

Philadelphia, if such a Scheme is in contemplation—Would not Brunswick be the most likely place to answer this end? or is it too far from New York? they can have no Capital object in view unless it is Philadelphia—making excursions only into the Jerseys, unless it is for Forage, is playing no more than a small Game, but such a one as may be necessary for them & distressing to the Farmers for which reason the Inhabitants should always be prepared to drive off their Waggons, Teams, and Stock that neither of them may fall into the hands of the Enemy. Impress this speedily, and forcibly upon them. they may rely upon it that the Enemy will leave nothing they find among them, nor do they discriminate between Whig & Tory—woeful experience has convinced the latter in the movements of the Enemy in this State of this Truth.
If you have not already sent my Boxes with Camp Tables and Chairs be so good as to let them remain with you, as I do not know—but I shall move with the Troops designd for the Jerseys perswaded as I am of their having turned their views that way.
I am of opinion that if your Magazines at Princeton were Increased & those in the Vicinity of New York lessen’d it would be better—we find great risque & Inconvenience arising from having stores near Navigation—perhaps a Magazine at Brunswick might not be amiss. the Barracks there should be got in order. I am very sincerely Dr Sir Yr most Obed.

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 7 November 1776
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Fort Lee [N.J.] Nov. 7. 1776

By an Express from Major Clarke stationed at Dobbs ferry I find the Enemy are encampt right opposite, to the number of between three and five thousand—and the Major adds from their disposition and search after Boats they design to cross the River—A frigate and two Transports or Provision Ships past the Cheveau de frize Night before last—they were prodigiously shatterd from the fire of our Cannon—the same Evening Col. Tupper attempted passing the Ships with the Pettie Augres loaded with flour—the Enemy man’d several Barges two Tendors and a Row Gallon—and Attackt them—our People run the Petty Augres ashore and landed and defended them, the Enemy attempted to land several times, but were repulsed—the fire lasted about an hour and a half—and the Enemy movd off—Col. Tupper still thinks he can transport the Provision in flat Boats—A second Attempt shall be speedily made—We lost One man mortally wounded.
General Mercer writes me the Virgin[i]a Troops are coming on—they are now at Trent Town—he proposes an Attack on Statten Island—but the motions of the Enemy are such I think it necessary for them to come forward as fast as possible—On York Island the Enemy have taken Possession of the far Hill next to Spiteen Devil—I think they will not be able to penetrate any farther—there appears to be about fifteen hundred of them—from the Enemys motions I should be apt to suspect they were retreating from your Army—or at least altering their Opperations—Mr Lovel who at last is enlarged from his confinement—Reports that Col. Allen his fellow Prisoner was inform’d that Transports were geting in readiness to Sail at a moments warning sufficient to transport 15,000 Men.
The Officers of Col. Hands Regiment are here with Enlisting orders—the Officers of the Pensylvenia Regiments thinks it a grieveance—(such of them as are Commisiond for the new Establishment,) that the Officers of other Regiments should have the Priviledge of enlisting their men before they get orders—I have stopt it until I learn your Excellencies pleasure—General Ewing is very much opposd to it—Youl please to favor me with a line on the subject. I am with the greatest Respect your Excellency Obedient Servant

Nath. Greene


Title: From George Washington to William Livingston, 7 November 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, William

Sir
White Plains Novr th[e] 7. 1776

On tuesday morning the Enemy broke up their Encampments which were i⟨n⟩ front of our lines, after having re⟨mained there⟩ several

days without attempt⟨ing any thing.⟩ they have advanced towards the ⟨North River and⟩ King’s bridge. This sudden & unexpect⟨ed Movement⟩ is a matter of much speculation. some su⟨ppose⟩ they are going into Winter Quarters, and will set dow⟨n⟩ in New York without doing more than investing Fort Washington. I can not subscribe wholy to this opinion myself. That they will invest Fort Washington is a matter of which there can be no doubt, and I think there is a strong probability that Genl Howe will detach a part of his force to make an incursion into Jersey provided he is going to New York. he must attempt some thing on account of his reputation, for what has he done as yet with his great Army?
Persuaded that an expedition to the Jerseys will succeed his arrival in New York, with a detachment of his Army, as soon as I can be satisfied that the present Manuv⟨re is a⟩ real retreat and not a Feint, I shall ⟨throw⟩ over a body of our Troops with ⟨the utmost⟩ expedition, to assist in checkin⟨g their progress.⟩ At the same time I beg leave to reco⟨mmend⟩ to your consideration, the propriety and ne⟨cessity⟩ that some measures should be taken, to place your Militia on the best footing possible and that a part of ’em may be in readiness to supply the place of the Troops (denominated New Levies) from your State, whose time of service will presently expire. Your vigilance and attention I know will not be wanting in any instance, Yet there is one thing more I will take the liberty to mention, that ⟨is⟩ that the Inhabitants contiguous to the Water ⟨shou⟩ld be prepared to remove their Stock, Grain, ⟨Effects and Ca⟩rriages upon the earliest notice. If they ⟨are not the⟩ calamities they will suffer will be ⟨beyond⟩ all description, and the advantages derived ⟨to⟩ the Enemy immensely great. they have treated all here without discrimination. the distinction of Whig & Tory has been lost in one general scene of ravage & desolation. The Article of Forage is of great importance to ’em, not a blade should remain for their use. what can not be removed with convenience should be consumed without the least hesitation. These several matters I thought it my duty to suggest to you, not doubting but you will give ’em such attention, as they may seem to deserve and that your own good Judgement will point out many more necessary regulations adapted to the exigency of our Affairs.
I do not know the state of the Barracks ⟨abou⟩t Eliz. Town, Amboy and Brunswic. they may be ⟨exceeding⟩ly necessary to cover our Troops. I think ⟨it will be⟩ advisable to have them examined and that ⟨you s⟩hould direct such necessary repairs to be made ⟨as t⟩hey may require. I have the honor to be with sentiments of real respect Sir Yr Most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 8 November 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, White-Plains, Nov: 8th 1776
Philadelphia.Portsmouth.

The Court Martial of which Genl McDougall is President, to sit immediately for the trial of Major Austin in Arrest, upon Charge of “Burning the houses at White-Plains, contrary to General orders.”
Col. Graham and Capt: Gerrish, tried by a Court-Martial whereof Genl McDougall was President, for “Misbehaviour upon the approach of the enemy”—are acquitted.
Capt. Poole of Col. Cary’s Regt and Genl Fellows’s Brigade, tried by the same Court Martial, and convicted of “Shamefully abandoning his post”—ordered to be cashiered.
The General approves each of the above sentences; orders the former to join their regiments, and the latter to depart the Army immediately.


Title: To George Washington from the Board of War, 8 November 1776
From: Board of War
To: Washington, George

Sir
War Office [Philadelphia] Novr 8th 1776

Mr Lewis (a Brother Deligate) has given Congress Information that Application had been made to your Excellency by a Flag from Genl Howe to permit Mrs Watts & Mrs Barrow the Pay Masters Wife to go to their Husbands in New York and at the same Time requested Congress to assi[s]t him with their Authority to obtain the Release of his Lady whom the Enemy would not permit to come out—the House having refer’d the Matter to the Board of War, we beg Leave to represent to your Excellency the Propriety of obtaining Mrs Lewis & Mrs Robinson her Daughter with her Children in exchange for Mrs Watts & Mrs Barrow; and, if you have not already permitted those Ladies to go into York or given Genl Howe a promise to that effect, that you will make the Release of our Ladies, if we may be allowed the expression, a necessary requisite—Indeed should you have complied with Genl How’s Request, we submit it to your Excellency whether Mrs Lewis & Mrs Robinson may not be asked for in Return. We do not imagine that you will be refused, but should you, we must recur to the unhappy Expedient of with-holding in future every simular Indulgence to those Ladies in our Power, who may desire to visit their Connections in the Army.
We are very sorry that our Enemies have compelled us to resolve upon any Thing whuch looks like severity, or indeed to lay any Restraint upon the fair Sex, but tho’ we cannot approve the Practice, we shall be obliged to follow the Example of his Britannic Majesty’s

Commanders. We have the Honour to be with the most perfect Esteem your very obedt Servants

Benja. Harrison
James Wilson
Edward Rutledge

P.S. should Mrs Watts & Mrs Barrow carry in their Baggage Mrs Lewis and Mrs Robinson must have the same Indulgence. Perhaps if the Ladies cannot be exchanged upon the above Terms Mrs Lewis may be exchanged for Mrs Kempe.

B.H.J.W.E.R.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Nathanael Greene, 8 November 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

Sir
Head Quarters [White Plains] Novr 8. 1776

The late passage of the 3 Vessells up the North River (which we have just received Advice of) is so plain a proof of the inefficacy of all the Obstructions we have thrown into it that I cannot but think it will fully justify a Change in the Disposition which has been made. If we cannot prevent Vessells passing up, and the Enemy are possessed of the surrounding Country, what valuable purpose can it answer to attempt to

hold a post from which the expected Benefit cannot be had—I am therefore inclined to think it will not be prudent to hazard the Men & Stores at Mount Washington, but as you are on the Spot, leave it to you to give such Orders as to evacuating Mount Washington as you judge best, and so far revoking the Order given Colo. Magaw to defend it to the last. The best Accounts obtained from the Enemy assure us of a considerable movement among their Boats last evening, and so far as can be collected from the various sources of Intelligence they must design a Penetration into Jersey, & fall down upon your Post—You will therefore immediately have all the Stores &c. removed, which you do not deem necessary for your defence, and as the Enemy have drawn great relief from the Forage and Provisions they have found in the Country, and which our Tenderness spared, you will do well to prevent their receiving any fresh Supplies there by destroying it, if the Inhabitants will not drive off their Stock and remove the Hay, Grain &c. in time. Experience has shewn that a contrary Conduct is not of the least Advantage to the poor Inhabitants, from whom all their Effects of every kind are taken without distinction, and without the least Satisfaction.
Troops are filing off from hence as fast as our Circumstances and situation will admit, in order to be transported over the River with all Expedition. I am Dr sir Your Obedt Humble Servt

Go: Washington

I need not suggest to you the necessity of giving General Mercer early information of all Circumstances in order that he may move up to your Relief with what Troops he has. A Letter inclosed to General Stevens is left open for your Perusal.


Title: To George Washington from Maj. Gen. Nathanael Greene, 8 November 1776 [letter not found]
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Maj. Gen. Nathanael Greene, 8 Nov. 1776. Greene wrote in his letter to GW of 9 Nov.: “By the letter that will Accompany this, and was to have gone last Night by Major Mifflin Your Excellency will see what measures I took before your favor [of 8 Nov.] came to hand.”


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant General William Howe, 8 November 1776
From: Howe, William
To: Washington, George

Head Quarters [Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.] 8th November 1776
Sir

A Servant lately attending upon Major Stuart of the 43d Regiment of Foot, named Peter Jack, is supposed to have fallen a few Days ago into the Hands of some of your Parties: This Man not being in the Capacity of a Soldier, I hope, if found among your Prisoners, that you will permit him to be returned to his Master, as is customary in like Cases.
I beg Leave to take this Opportunity of remonstrating against the Delay on your Part in the Exchange of Prisoners, after what has passed on that Subject, for the Execution of which I must own myself the more anxious, as I understand many Officers in your Power are still exposed to the Confinement of common Goals. I am also informed that a few straggling Soldiers, lately fallen into your Hands, have been sent into Jersey, instead of being immediately exchanged, which, after your Agreement to this Measure, and the Custom of War, I had every Reason to expect. I am with due Regard, Sir, your most obedient Servant

W. Howe


Title: From George Washington to Brig. Gen. Adam Stephen, 8 November 1776 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Stephen, Adam

Letter not found: to Brig. Gen. Adam Stephen, 8 Nov. 1776. In a letter to GW of 9 Nov., Nathanael Greene writes: “Your Excellency letters of the 8 this moment came to hand—I shall forward the letter to General Stevens by Express” (see also GW to Greene, this date).


Title: From George Washington to Major General Nathanael Greene, 9 November 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

Dear Sir
White Plains Novr 9th 1776

Since my Letters of y⟨e⟩sterday two Deserters have got in from the Enemy (at Dobbs’s Ferry) who relate m⟨a⟩ny circumstances in proof of the Enemys Intention of crossing into the Jerseys at or near Dobbs’s Ferry under cover of a Cannonade from their Shipping.
These Deserters say that Boats were to have been brought up (from New York they add, but possibly they may be brought from the Sound by the way of Harlem River) as last Night & that thei⟨r⟩ Troops were ordered to have five days Provisions ready dressed.
If there is a possibility of stopping these Boats it would be well to attempt it—A Reinforcement is by this time I expect on the West side the River Marching to your assistance—Other Troops are passing up on this side & will I hope be ready to cro⟨ss⟩ tomorrow—the Force on your own side under Genls Mercer & Stephen you will consider how best to Imploy. keep an attentive watch upon the Enemy—I shall soon be with you; in the Interim I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt & Affecte Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 9 November 1776
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Fort Lee [N.J.] Nov. 9–1776

Your Excellency letters of the 8 this moment came to hand—I shall forwa⟨r⟩d the letter to General Stevens by Express—The Stores at Dobbs ferry I had just given orders to the Quarter Master to prepare Waggons to remove them—I think the Enemy will meet with some

difficulty in crossing the River at Dobbs ferry however tis not safe to trust too much to the expected difficulties they may meet there—By the letter that will Accompany this, and was to have gone last Night by Major Mifflin Your Excellency will see what measures I took before your favor came to hand—The passing of the Ships up the River is to be sure a full proof of the insufficiency of the Obstructions in the River to stop the Ships from going up but that Garrison employs double the number of men to Invest it, that we have to Occupy it—They must keep troops at Kings Bridge to prevent a communication with the Country—and they dare not leave a very small number for fear Our people should Attack them—Upon the whole I cannot help thinking the Garrison is of advantage—and I cannot conceive the Garrison to be in any great danger the men can be brought off at any time—but the stores may not be so easily removed—Yet I think they can be got off in spight of them if matters grow desperate—This Post is off no importance only in conjunction with Mount Washington—I was over there last Evening the Enemy seems to be disposing matters to besie⟨g⟩e the place—but Col. Magaw thinks it will take them till December expires, before they can carry it—If the Enemy dont find it an Object of importance they wont trouble themselves about it—if they do, its a full proof they feel an injury from our possessing it—Our giving it up will open a free communication with the Country by the Way of Kings bridge—that must be a great Advantage to them and injury to us.
If the Enemy cross the River I shall follow your Excellencys Advise respecting the Cattle & forrage—those measures however cruel in Appearance were ever my Maxims of War—in the defense of a Country in Attacking they would be very improper.
By this Express several Packets from Congress are forwarded to you.
I shall collect our whole strength and watch the motions of the Enemy—and pursue such measures for the future as circumstances renders necessary.
As I have your Excellencys permision I shall order General Stevens on as far as Equacanack at least—that is an important pass—I am fortifying it as fast as possible—I am dear Sir your most Obed. & very humb. Servt

N. Greene


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 9 November 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
White plains Novr the 9th 1776

I have the honor to transmit you a Copy of a Letter from Genl Gates to Genl Schuyler, and of another paper containing intelligence respecting the Northern Army, and the situation of the Enemy in that department. they this minute came to hand, and to them I beg leave to refer you for particulars.
By every information I can obtain, and the accounts I had last night by Two deserters, who were very intelligent and particular, Genl Howe still has in view an expedition to the Jerseys, and is preparing for it with the greatest industry. I have detached the first division of our Troops, which was thought necessary to be sent, and which I hope will cross the River at Pecks Kills to day. The Second I expect will all march this Evening, and to morrow morning, I propose to follow myself in order to put things in the best train I can, and to give him every possible opposition. I hope when the two divisions arrive and are Joined to such other force, as I expect to collect, to check his progress, and prevent him from penetrating any distance from the River if not to oblige him to return immediately with some loss. Whatever is in my power to effect, shall be done. I have the Honor to be with great esteem Sir yr Most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 9–12 November 1776
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philada Novr 9[—c.12]th 1776.

You will perceive from the enclosed Resolve, that Congress having reconsidered their Vote of the 14th Octr, have agreed to give the former Allowance of one Dollar & one Third of a Dollar to the Officers on the Reinlistment of every Soldier in the Camp. The compleating the Army being at present an Object of the utmost Importance, the Congress are desirous of adopting every Means in their Power, to induce the Officers to fill up their respective Companies, as soon as possible.
You will please to take the most effectual Steps for punishing in an exemplary Manner, as far as the Articles of War will admit, all Deserters from the Army at this Time of Trial and Danger. The Baseness of those Officers and Soldiers who can turn their Backs upon their Country in her present Situation, merits the severest Chastisement.
The enclosed Letter from Col: Miles to Mr Wister of this City, I am directed by Congress to transmit to you, that you may take such Steps relative to the Exchange of the Gentlemen therein mentioned, as you may judge proper.
Mr Partridge, one of the Committee from the State of Massachussetts Bay, having laid before Congress, sundry Resolves of that State increasing the Pay of their Troops beyond what the Congress had given, they have come to a Resolution disapproving of that Measure; and have agreed, that the Troops in the American Army may be enlisted for three years, or during the War, as shall be most agreeable to them, subject to the Terms mentioned in the enclosed Resolves. I have the Honour to be with every Sentiment of Esteem & Respect, Sir, your most obed. & very hble Sert

John Hancock Presidt


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant General William Howe, 9 November 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, William

Sir
Head Qrs [White Plains] Nov. 9th 1776

Yesterday Evening I received the favor of your Letter of the 8th Instt. Major Stewart’s servant having never represented himself as a person not inlisted in your Army, he was considered as a prisoner of War and sent as such to Jersey. But upon your information that he was not in the Capacity of a Soldier, I will give immediate directions for him to be brought back that he may return to his Master.
This Servant was charged with a Letter of a private and delicate nature, but Majr Stewart may be assured the Contents neither were nor shall be permitted to transpire.
I regret that it has not been in my power to effect the proposed Exchange of Prisoners before this time. As soon as the Proposition was agreed to, I wrote to the Governors and Conventions of the different States where the Prisoners were to have them collected & sent to the most convenient places in the neighbourhood of the Two Armies. their dispersed situation for their better accommodation has been the reason of the delay. at least I cannot ascribe it to any other cause. It has not arisen Sir from any design on my part, and I am persuaded the difficulty of drawing them together must be evident to you, especially as It was early suggested in some of my former Letters. As to the charge of your Officers being confined in Common Goals, I had hoped, that you were satisfied by my assurances on this Head before. It is not my wish that Severity should be exercised towards any, whom

the fortune of War has thrown or shall throw into our hands. On the Contrary, It is my desire that the utmost humanity should be shewn them. I am convinced the latter has been the prevailing line of conduct to Prisoners. There have been instances in which some have met with less Indulgence than could have been wished owing to a refractory conduct and a disregard of paroles. If there are other Instances in which a strict regard to propriety has not been observed, they have not come to my knowledge, and if you will be pleased to point them out and to particularize the Names of the Officers, the earliest enquiry shall be made into the Complaints & the cause removed if any exists.
With Respect to the Stragglers who have lately fallen into our Hands I cannot upon the best Consideration discern how the Agreement subsisting between us is affected by sending them to Places from whence they may be easily collected upon a general Exchange. And That the Custom of War requires or that the Interest of an Army would admit of a daily Exchange of Prisoners are Points on which we are so unhappy as to differ in Sentiment. The Opportunities of conveying Intelligence & many other Consequences flowing from such an Intercourse seem so very obvious that upon farther Reflection I flatter myself you will think with me on this Subject. But if otherwise it might have been exemplified on your Part in the immediate Return of such Stragglers from our Army as have fallen into your Hands, which would have justified an Expectation of a similar Conduct from us.