Title: From Benjamin Franklin to David Hartley, 14 October[–11 December] 1777
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Hartley, David

Dear Sir,
Passy, near Paris, Oct. 14 [–December 11]. 1777.
I received duly your Letter of May 2nd. 77. including a Copy of one you had sent me the Year before, which never came to hand, and which it seems has been the Case with some I wrote to you from America. Filled tho’ our Letters have always been, with Sentiments of Good Will to both Countries, and earnest Desires of preventing their Ruin, and promoting their mutual Felicity, I have been apprehensive that if it were known a Correspondence subsisted between us, it might be attended with Inconvenience to you. I have therefore been backward in Writing, not caring to trust the Post, and not well knowing, who else to trust with my Letters. But being now assured of a safe Conveyance, I venture to write to you, especially as I think the Subject such a one as you may receive a Letter upon without Censure.
Happy should I have been, if the honest Warnings I gave of the fatal Separation of Interests, as well as of Affections, that must attend the Measures commenc’d while I was in England, had been attended to, and the horrid Mischief of this abominable War been thereby prevented. I should still be happy in any successful Endeavours for restoring Peace, consistent with the Liberties, the safety, and the Honour of America. As to our submitting again to the Government of Britain, ‘tis vain to think of it. She has given us by her numberless Barbarities, in the Prosecution of the War, and in the Treatment of Prisoners, (by her Malice in bribing Slaves, to murder their Masters, and Savages to Massacre the Families of Farmers, with her Baseness in rewarding the unfaithfulness of Servants, and debauching the Virtue of honest Seamen, entrusted with our Property,) so deep an Impression of her Depravity, that we never again can trust her in the Management of our Affairs, and Interests. It is now impossible to persuade our People, as I long endeavour’d that the War was merely ministerial, and that the Nation bore still a Good Will to us. The infinite Number of Addresses printed in your Gazettes, all approving this Conduct of your Government towards us, and encouraging our Destruction by every possible means; the great Majority in Parliament constantly manifesting the same Sentiments, and the popular publick Rejoicings on Occasion of any News of the Slaughter of an innocent and virtuous People, fighting only in defence of their just Rights; these together with the Recommendations of the same Measures, by even your celebrated Moralists and Divines in their Writings and Sermons, that are cited, approved and applauded in your great National Assemblies; all join in convincing us that you are no longer the magnanimous and enlightened Nation we once esteemed you, and that you are unfit and unworthy to govern us, as not being able to govern your own Passions.
But as I have said, I should be nevertheless Happy in seeing Peace restored. For tho’ if my friends, and the Friends of Liberty and Virtue, who still remain in England, could be drawn out of it, a Continuance of this War to the Ruin of the Rest, would give me less Concern, I cannot, as their Removal is impossible, but wish for Peace for their Sakes, as well as for the Sake of Humanity, and preventing farther Carnage.
This wish of mine, ineffective as it may be, induces me to mention to you, that between Nations long exasperated against each other in War, some Act of Generosity and kindness towards Prisoners on one side, has softened Resentment and abated Animosity on the other, so as to bring on an Accommodation. You in England if you wish for Peace, have at present the Opportunity of trying this means, with Regard to the Prisoners now in your Goals. They complain of very severe Treatment. They are far from their Friends and Families, and a Winter is coming on, in which they must suffer extreamly, if continued in their present Situation, fed scantily on bad Provisions, without warm Lodging, Clothes or Fire; and not suffer’d to write to or receive Visits from their Friends, or even from the humane and charitable of their Enemies. I can assure you from my certain knowledge that your People, Prisoners in America, have been treated with great Kindness; they have been serv’d with the same Rations of wholesome Provisions with our own Troops, comfortable Lodgings have been provided for them, and they have been allowed large bounds of Villages, in a healthy Air, to walk and amuse themselves in upon their Parole. Where you have thought fit to appoint Contractors to Supply your People, those Contractors have been protected and aided in their Operations. Some considerable Act of Kindness in England towards our People, would take off the Reproach of Inhumanity, in that Respect from the Nation, and leave it where it ought, with more Certainty to ly, on the Conductors of your War in America. This I hint to you, out of some remaining Good Will to a Nation I once lov’d sincerely. But as Things are and in my present Temper of mind not being over fond of receiving Obligations, I shall content myself with proposing that your Government would allow us to send or employ a Commissary to take some Care of those unfortunate People. Perhaps on your Representations this might be speedily obtained in England, tho’ it was refused most inhumanly at New York.
If you could have Leisure to visit the Goals in which they are confined, and should be desirous of knowing the Truth relative to the Treatment they receive, I wish you would take the Trouble of distributing among the most necessitous according to their Wants five or six hundred Pounds, for which your Drafts on me here should be punctually honour’d: You could then be able to speak with more certainty to the Point in Parliament, and that might be attended with good Effect.
If you cannot obtain for us Permission to send a Commissary, possibly you may find a trusty humane discrete Person at Plymouth, and another at Portsmouth, who would undertake to distribute what Relief we may be able to afford, those unhappy brave Men, Martyrs to the Cause of Liberty. Your King will not reward you for taking this Trouble, but God will. I shall not mention the Gratitude of America: You will have what is better, the Applause of your own Good Conscience. Our Captains have set at Liberty above 200 of your People made Prisoners by our armed Vessels and brought into France; besides a greater Number dismissed at Sea on your Coasts, to whom Vessels were given to carry them in. But you have not returned us a Man in Exchange. If we had sold your People to the Moors at Sallee as you have many of ours to the African and East India Companies, could you have complained?
In revising what I have written, I found too much Warmth in it, and was about to strike out some Parts. Yet I let ’em go as they will afford you this one Reflexion: “If a Man naturally Cool, and rendered still cooler by Old Age, is so warm’d by our Treatment of his Country, how much must those People in general be exasperated against us; and why are we making inveterate Enemies by our Barbarity, not only of the present Inhabitants of a great Country, but of their infinitely more numerous Posterity; who will in all future Ages detest the Name of Englishman, as much as the Children in Holland now do those of Alva and Spaniard.” This will certainly happen unless your Conduct is speedily changed, and the National Resentment falls, where it ought to fall heavily, on your Ministry or perhaps rather on the King whose will they only execute. With the greatest Esteem and Affection and best wishes for your Prosperity, I have the Honour to be, Sir, &c.
B. Franklin

PS: Dec 11. 77. Having received no Answer to the above nor to another Letter sent by the same Conveyance to another Person, I conclude they miscarried: and We have requested the Bearer Mr. Thornton, to visit your Goals and bring us a true Account of the Situation of the American Prisoners, believing it too much to request of you during the Session of Parliament: When you see his Account you will judge in what manner the Relief I requested you to distribute can best be given, and whether you can make any Use of that Account in Parliament favourable to those unhappy People. The French Officers among them are highly exasperated, and are daily exasperating their Country, by their Representations of your Barbarity. I enclose you a little Specimen that has been communicated to me. I am ever ut supra.
B.F.
Mr. Hartley.


Title: Jonathan Williams, Jr., to the American Commissioners, 14 October 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Honorable Gentlemen
Nantes 14 Octor. 1777.
I have the pleasure to announce the return of the mere Bobie Packet Boat who delivered your dispatches in Safety but by the inclosed Copy of a Letter that I have received from the Captain you will see he has not been so fortunate with those he was charged with in return. As there were no Dispatches and the news only a confirmation of what you already have at Paris, I thought that for the delay of one day it was not worth while to put you to the Expence of an Express; If I am wrong in this I will in future send a Courier on every such occasion, but the expence is so great I always wish to save it except where the public Service requires the Contrary.
I have sent Capt. Nicholson to L’orient to see the Captains of the two Frigates that are arrived there, and to assist them with his advice in what may relate to their Ships &c., as they being Strangers may stand in need of it; and at the same time I have desired them to address themselves to M. Gourlade for what assistance they may have occasion for.
A Gentleman has received a Letter from Bordeaux which mentions that a vessell is arrived from Kinnipuxen the same place Capt. Young came from, which sailed the 21 of Augt. and brings no news of Howe. I have the honour to be with the greatest Respect Gentlemen Your most obedient Servant
J Williams J
The Honble The Commissioners of the United States.

Addressed: The Honorable / The Commissioners of the / United States / Paris.
Notation: Jon Williams Nantes 14 Octor 1777


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Pierre Deschamps, 14 October 1777
From: Deschamps, Pierre
To: Franklin, Benjamin

The commissioners’ recent trouble with Versailles was only part of that caused by American commerce-raiders. The money from captures tempted the raiders to pay little heed to the niceties of law, and neutrals were consequently hurt. The first intimation, as far as we know, of what the consequences might be were in this letter, which resulted from the activities of a privateer with the engaging name of Civil Usage. She captured the Fortune, a French vessel en route from London to Cadiz with neutral goods, and the first protests seem to have come from owners in Spain. Deschamps’ letter was followed on the 24th by another to Franklin from Lacoste Cassenave & Cie., also a French firm and with a consular certificate to prove it. On March 21, 1778, Juan Josef de Lacoizqueta, a Spanish merchant in Cadiz, wrote Franklin that he had an interest in the Fortune of more than 60,000 l.t.; now that she had been taken to Boston, he hoped that Congress would reimburse him. Another French ship similarly loaded and bound from Yarmouth to Leghorn, the Dillon, was captured in July and also dispatched to Boston, along with her captain and part of her crew. At some point, probably after the first protests from Spain, Franklin received an undated letter from the Parisian firm of Pache frères & Cie., speaking for a large group of neutral merchants, French, Italian, and Spanish, who wanted to recover the value of their goods on the Fortune and Dillon; the bankers asked for an opportunity to furnish the requisite proofs. Thereafter, as will be seen, evidence multiplied that privateers were behaving high-handedly. On November 21 the commissioners tried to control them by new orders, and at the same time apologized for their lapses to the courts of France and Spain.

Monsieur
Cadiz le 14. Octbre 1777.
J’ai pour mon Compte propre, deux Balles qui contiennent 50 pieces Draps de 2nde, 142 pieces Serges de Rome, montant Cout principal fraix Livre Sterlins 820..4..8 sur le Navire Français la Fortune Capt. Bertrand Kenguen, qui a chargé a Londre pour icy, comme le Constate le Conaissement cy joint pour m’etre delivrees.
Ce Navire ayant été pris au travers D’ortegal, par le Corsaire Ameriquain le Civil Usage, ma Qualité de français compris comme tel depuis nombre d’années dans le Corps de Nation que nous formons sur cette place ainsi que le justifie le Certificat cy joint de navire Consul, m’autorise a avoir l’honneur de m’addresser a vous Monsieur pour réclamer ces Effets, qui m’etait necessaires pour nos Registres de Lima, qui doivent s’expedier dans le courant du Mois prochain; Le prejudice qui m’en resultera consequemment, me parvenant après leur depart, ou lorsque les achats seront faits, est aisé a conçevoir;  J’espere que vous aurés la Bonté d’employer vos bons Offices, envers qui il appartient, pour que j’en soit Dedomagé. J’en conserverai la düe Reconnaissance. J’ay l’honneur d’etre etc.
Pre. Deschamps
Mons. Franklin. Paris


Title: Jonathan Williams, Jr., to the American Commissioners, 16 October 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Honorable Gentlemen
Nantes 16 Octo 1777.
The present serves to inform you that Capt. Brown who has the Dolphin wishes to be excused from taking her as his owners have directed his return in the Mars which belongs to them;  Capt. Brown hopes you will not misinterpret his Desire, and says that if you choose he will continue, but if the change will not displease you he wishes she may be given to some other man. Her new mast is gone alongside and they are getting it in; while the Dolphin stays here she is very usefull to keep our men together as they cannot appear on board the Frigate, and it would be very expensive and inconvenient to keep them on shore. I should therefore be glad if she were not to sail ’till the Lion is ready: Or if you think to sell her she may possibly be put off. Please to return the french Captains Conditions as soon as signed. I have the Honour to be Gentlemen Your most obedient and most humble Servant
Jona Williams J

The 1000 Fuzils from Dunkirk are arrived and answer the model exactly, but the Lighter that brought them up to Town unfortunately Sunk so am obliged to unwind and clean every one of them.
The Honble The Commissioners of The United States.

Addressed: The Honorable / The Commissioners of the / United States / Paris
Notation: Jon Williams Nantes 16. Octo. 77


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from [Benjamin Sowden], 16 October 1777
From: Sowden, Benjamin
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Thursday Octr. 16 1777.
I am favoured with yours of the 5th of this Inst. and in compliance with your desire have enquired concerning the Price of the non Pariel Letter, of which you have a specimen inclosed. I had no occasion to go or write to Mr. Enschede, the Letterfounder at Haerlem as Mr. Rinier Arrenberg, Printer, Bookseller, and Courantier of this City, was sufficiently able to give me every light that was necessary. You know this Man in some measure from his being Secretary to the Society for the promotion of Arts and Sciences here, and it occurrs to me that in your first Letter, you mentioned his having wrote to you for news, and you will recollect your having transmitted some American news Papers by his conveyance. He is a Person of great Skill, integrity and honour, and fitter to serve you in your Biblical scheme than any other Person in this country. It was he who furnished me with answers to your several queries, and with the abovementioned specimen: He wrote them in Dutch from which I have translated them. They are as follows.
In answer to your 1st query he says, that the nonparel Letter, will cost at Haerlem, 2 Gulders 8 stivers the pound, which is 4s. 4½d. English.
To your 2d, I reply, upon the best information, that 112 suttle lbs. English, is equal to about 108 Dutch.

To your 3d, Mr. Arrenberg replies, that to have as many Letters cast as would be necessary to set 30 sheets would amount to a very large Sum. He says that to export the forms, or frames after they are set, would be exceedingly inconvenient, If not impossible, as each must be packed up in a case apart, and the spare Letters must be sent to supply the want of those that might be broken, or lost, in the conveyance; but the strongest reason of all, he says, is, that should the frames be set for the whole Bible, by the time 20,000 Copies were printed off, the Letters would be almost worn out. His opinion is, that instead of having as many Letters as would set up the whole Bible at once, the least expensive and most convenient Method would be to have only as many as would set those 3 Sheets, and when those were printed off, to break the frames and compose anew.
Should you think proper to agree with him, I offer myself to correct the Press. It is a work to which I am no Stranger.
Perhaps, Sir, I have exceeded my Commission. If however I have erred, it was a pardonable error I have been guilty of in asking him, meerly with a view to save time, and make you Master of the Subject in one view, in case you should employ him, what would be the expence of furnishing 20,000 Copies. He says it will amount to £2000 Sterling.
He would be glad if you could send him a Leaf of the bible you would have printed, but had rather you would transmit him an entire Copy, by the post. He further says, that if you come to a Resolution to employ him, the sooner he knows it the better, as in that case he must order the Letters to be cast at Haerlem, where they never keep any quantity ready made.
His last Article is, that if you and He can agree, he must have security on some good Comptoir in this City, or at Amsterdam, for the payment of the cost; that he must be paid one third when the work commences; one third when he is got half way; and the last, when the work is compleated.
Thus, Sir, having brought you together in a mercantile sense, I leave you to manage with him as you can. He would be glad to have a Line from You, And desires that when you favour him with a Letter, You would not address it to him as Courantier, but only as Libraire.
This goes under his cover to his correspondent at Paris, by whom it will be sent or delivered to you. I must beg you would excuse the many alterations in it, as I am so pressed with a multiplicity of avocations, that I have no time to transcribe a fair Copy.
With respect to the 4to Bibles you mention, there is a very good English Edition of that kind printed in this country, which comes to much less than any English Edition of that size. I have not mentioned any thing on this Head to Mr. Arrenberg, because the Procuring and sending them must be assigned to some Merchant, and there is a very worthy English one here, who, with proper encouragement, would undertake to furnish them, but before he can undertake this he says he must be informed concerning two Points, whether they must be bound in Calf, or in boards? and what security will be given for reimbursement, as soon as they are shipped?
Whenever you honour me with a Letter please to address it to Messrs. Coysgarne & Loyds under cover, as your last. Put only For Mr. N upon it, omit the title Revd. at the beginning; and as your handwriting is perfectly well known to me, I should take it as a favour if you would not sign it. My Reason for all this caution is the many Spies Ld. Stormount has in pay, who I fear from the miscarriage of one of yours to me and perhaps that of mine to you that went addressed to Mr. Chaumont have a very close connection with the Paris post Office. Should they get and transmit any Letters of yours to me to England, it might render my personal safety precarious, should I have occasion to take a trip thither, or at least would make me many Enemies. It is for these reasons I do not sign my Letters to you. It gives me pleasure to hear that military Brute P———t is for a time deprived of a Power to exercise his natural insolence and much do I wish he was the only officer in the British Service in America, who could justly be charged with brutality. As yet all is uncertainty concerning The Howe’s and Burgoigne. As a Friend to Legal Liberty, I own I begin to fear for America, and equaly so for the dear bought Liberties of England, which will inevitably expire by the same wounds that destroy those of the Colonies. I hope however Providence has better things in reserve for us and for you, and am, Sir, your very obliged Friend and humble Servant

PS. Should any Letter come to you with only a Monsieur Monsr. it is for me; and you will be so good to forward it as above.
PS. If whenever you write to Mr. Arrenberg You have any thing for me, you may send it.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur le Docteur / Franklin / a Passy / Pres de Paris


Title: Franklin’s Description of His Ailments, 17 October 1777
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To:

Oct. 17. 1777
A.B. aged near 72 Years, had been subject to slight Fits of the Gout at long Intervals; was accustomed to what is called good Living, used but little Exercise, being from the Nature of his Employment, as well as from Love of Books, much in his Chamber writing or reading.
About 3 Years since he found a small Spot on his Head cover’d with a dry Scurff, which when rubb’d off from time to time, left always a Moisture on the Part that form’d another Scurf. This continuing some Months, and seeming to extend itself, alarm’d him, and he consulted Sir J.P. who prescrib’d a Water to wet the Part, and some Pills, which Prescription was follow’d, and the Disorder by slow Degrees quitted that Spot, but after some time show’d itself in other Parts of the Head.
The greatest Part of the Year 1775 he was almost every day 10 or 12 Hours of the Day employ’d in Business of Consultation with many other Persons sitting in a close Room, and had no Leisure for Exercise. During this time the Disorder spread, and affected his Head in a Number of small Spots under the Hair, the Scurf tho’ taken off from time to time by the Comb, returning continually. During the same time three of those Persons so closely employ’d, (the whole Number being about 60) died of Apoplexies.
Towards the End of Winter 1776, he set out on a Journey of 500 Miles, of which great Part was perform’d in a small open Boat, where he was kept sitting without Exercise for many Days. During this Journey which continu’d from the Middle of March to the Beginning of June, he was afflicted with a Succession of Boils, sometimes two or three together, each when heal’d leaving round about it Spots of the same Scurff, which obstinately continu’d, being renew’d after every Removal. At this time his Legs swell’d in the Small, and Impressions made by the Finger would continue long. This Swelling went away on his Return home, but the Boils continu’d to harass him.

In November 1776 he made a long Sea Voyage, in which the Disorder sensibly increas’d, and the Boils became more frequent. Part of each Arm, and of each side, the Small of his Back, and Parts of his Thighs and Legs, became cover’d with the Scurff, which became very troublesome, itching sometimes extreamly, and when rubb’d or scratch’d off, would spot his Linen with Blood.
He consulted a Physician, who prescribed Belloste’s Pills, and an Infusion of a Root called Patience, or the Rhubarb of the Parisians. This Prescription was followed some time, till the Mouth began to have an unusual Quantity of Water in it, and the Teeth to be a little loosened. The Disorder was not diminished, but appeared not to increase.
He has for sometime omitted taking those Pills, but uses the warm Bath twice a Week, staying in the Water each time near two Hours, which are employ’d in rubbing off the Scurff when softned by the Water, and so clearing the Skin. The Disorder has now visibly diminish’d; for in many Places after the Scurff has been thus repeatedly rubb’d off, it does not return in such Substance, and at length ceases to return, leaving the Skin soft and natural. But the Amendment is slow; and it is apprehended, that on a Discontinuance of the Bathing, it may return and increase as before.
The Scurf appears to be compos’d of extreamly thin Scales one upon another, which are white, and when rubb’d off dry, are light as Bran. When the Skin is clear’d in the Bath, it looks red, and seems a little elevated above the sound Skin that is around the Place; but it is not sore: And in a few Hours after, it becomes dry, and feels stiffned as it were with the first thin Coat of the new Scurff.
The Substance of this Scurff when dry is close and strong, and takes a long time before it is softned even in warm Water. The fine Lamina seem to be formed one under another, and not to make an united thick Substance by adhering together. In rubbing them off they separate, like Talc, each having a Polish that shines.
His Head is now almost clear of the Disorder, as are also his Legs and Thighs, and it seems diminish’d on his Arms. But it holds its ground on the Small of his Back and his Side.
There were in the Heighth of it some small Spots on his Hands and Face, but they have quite disappear’d.
His Health is otherwise good. He feels on Comparison no Diminution of his Strength, but is as capable of bearing Labour as he was at 50. His Legs particularly seem stronger since the Swelling left them, and he can walk much without Weariness. His Digestion is good.
He wishes to be inform’d Whether this troublesome Disease may not be of Service to him in other Respects?
Whether it be safe to cure it?
If so, what are the Medicines to be used?
And what ought to be his Regimen?

Endorsed: Dr Franklin’s case written by him, and consulting me upon it.


Title: Passport for Jan Ingenhousz, 17 October 1777
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To:

[October 17, 1777]
To all Commanders of armed Vessels appertaining to the United States of America,
This may certify, that to my certain Knowledge the Bearer Dr. Ingenhauss is not an Enemy of the said States, nor a Subject of Great Britain, but an Inhabitant of Vienna in Austria, and Physician to the Empress Queen; going to England on his own private Affairs, intending to return to the Continent within Six Months. I do therefore request of you, that in case the Packet-Boat in which he shall go or return should happen to fall into your Hands, you will not treat him as an Enemy, but take the first good Opportunity of setting him at Liberty with all his Effects. And as he is a Person of distinguish’d Merit, long known to me, and my intimate and dear Friend, I recommend him particularly to your Civilities, assuring you, that I shall esteem and acknowledge them as done to myself. Dated at Passy, near Paris, this 17th Day of October, 1777.
B. FranklinCommissioner in France from the Congress.

    Pass. for Dr. Ingenhauss


Title: The Committee for Foreign Affairs to the American Commissioners, 18 October 1777
From: Committee for Foreign Affairs
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Honorable Gentlemen
York Town Octr. 18th: 1777
We have the pleasure of inclosing to you the copy of a letter from General Gates containing the circumstances of a Victory gained over General Burgoyne on the 7th. This event must defeat the main views of General Clinton in proceeding up Hudsons River. He has, it is true, got possession of Fort Montgomery, but with much Loss, as we hear. Though the enemy may boast this acquisition, yet we are persuaded the consequences will be little profitable to them, as Governour Clinton of New York and his Brother Genl. James Clinton are acting vigorously in concert with Genl. Putnam who commands in that Quarter.
Our army under General Washington is numerous and in good spirits, while General Howe is busied in forming obstructions in the roads leading to the City of Philadelphia by which he supports his hopes of keeping our troops from routing him out of his stolen Quarters.
The inclosed Resolves need no comment from us, being sufficient of themselves to determine your conduct in the points to which they relate.
It is with concern we find that British property has lately been covered in french bottoms; which practice if pursued, American search disliked by France, it is obvious that the most vulnerable part of Great Britain—her commerce—will be secured against us, and that by the intervention of our professed friends. We desire therefore, Gentlemen, that you will confer with the Ministers of France on this subject, and satisfy them of the propriety and even necessity which there is that either this commerce should be prohibited, or that the United States be at liberty to search into and make distinctions between the bottom and the enemy’s property conveyed in that bottom.
To prevent ill impressions being made by a number of Officers who are returning to France we think it proper to observe that, without totally deranging and endangering even the annihilation of the American Armies, it was not possible to provide for many of those Gentlemen in the manner they wished, and which indeed some of them had stipulated for previous to their leaving France. We have done all in our power to prevent discontent; but no doubt there will be some whose dissatisfaction will produce complaints and perhaps misrepresentations. You will be guarded on this head, and represent our conduct as founded solely on the necessity of our situation. We are Gentlemen With much Regard your very humble Servants
Richard Henry LeeTho. Heyward Junr.James LovellJno Witherspoon

Honble Messrs. Franklin Deane & Lee Esqr

Addressed: On the Service of the United States / Honble / Messrs Franklin Deane & Lee Esq. / Commissioners from the United States / of North America / Paris
Endorsed: Recd. Augt 8th. 1778 from Monsr Lessier Amsterdam A Lee / Postage of the two Packets 32 l.t.


Title: Jonathan Williams, Jr., to the American Commissioners, 18 October 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Honorable Gentlemen
Nantes Octo 18. 1777.
I have recvd. a Letter from Capt. Thompson Commander of the Rawleigh Frigate by which I find the prizes made by the two Ships consisted of
750 hhds. Sugar
325 Puncheons Rum
70 Plank Mahogany
15 Casks of Coffee and the two Ships which Capt. Nicholson tells me are 500 and 800 Tons Burden. This Property was sold for 9700 Sterling, which I take to be about ⅓ of the real value, and about ½ of what in their circumstances they ought to have been sold for; This appear’d to me such a shamefull waste of Property, that I thought it my duty to signify my disapprobation of it and have written to L’orient accordingly; offering 2000 Sterling more, on your Account if the bargain is not past redemption; should that be accepted I will go over to L’orient [illegible] some dutchmen, and send the whole as French Property to Holland.
I hope you will not think me wrong in what I have done, but it is too painfull to see such measures taken with the public Interest, to remain silent.
I have too good an opinion of M. Gourlade to suppose he has acted improperly, but I am afraid that all concerned are not like him. I have the Honour to be very respectfully Gentlemen Your most obedient and most humble Servant
Jona Williams J
The Hon Commissioners of the United States.

Notations in different hands: Mr. Williams Octr. 18. 1777 Thomson’s Prises / Gourlade & Co.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jean Bochard de Champigny, 18 October 1777
From: Champigny, Jean Bochard, chevalier de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Amsterdam chez Mr. Cuthbertson dans le Kalverstraat.Le 18. octobre 1777
Vous avez attendu Si longtems le premier volume de mon histoire d’Angleterre, qu’il étoit bien naturel que je me dépéchasse pour le second. Le voici; je souhaite que vous en soiez plus satisfait que du précédent, je suis sure que vous le serez des derniers.
Je vous prie de m’accuser la réception de ce volume et de me croire avec la Considération la plus distinguée Monsieur votre très humble et très obéissant serviteur
Le Colonel Chevalier DE Champigny

Notation: de Champigny, Amsterdam 18 8b. 77


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Louis-François Rolandeau, 18 October 1777
From: Rolandeau, Louis-François
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur,
Bordeaux 18. 8bre. 1777.
Si je n’eusse pas eu a céder a cértaines circonstances, j’aurais eu l’honneur en vous faisant ma cour, de vous faire de vive voix, la demande que je prends la libérté de vous faire par lettre. C’est de vouloir bien méttre votre visa sur les papiers, que Monsieur le Comte d’Ossun, qui m’honore de sa protéction, aura la Bonté de méttre sous vos yeux: quélques affaires de famille, aprés le déces de mon Père, m’ayant paru exiger de moi de passer en france, je quittai, sans prendre de congé, le sérvice que je faisais dans le cinquiéme Régiment, Colonel Ughÿ, en qualité de Lieutenant;  j’avoue que ce fut de ma part une irréfléxion, qui ne devant son existance qu’a mon Empréssement a me rendre aux affaires de ma famille, peut etre vue d’une maniére moins désavantageuse pour moi; mais aujourd’hui, que j’ai mis ordre a ces affaires, un Empréssement aussi vif me rappélle a ce Sérvice; il serait facheux, que cet intervalle, qui n’a eu qu’une bonne cause, eut un mauvais effet quélconque: pour prévenir un Evénement, que j’oserais croire n’avoir pas mérité, et par mon sérvice passé et par celui que je me propose de faire, j’ai l’honneur de vous demander une léttre. Au cas qu’il arrivat que je ne parvins pas a Charleston, je vous supplie de vouloir me la donner de manière qu’elle me sérve ou a Philadelphie ou a Boston: je ne mettrai pas en avant, Monsieur, ce que je croirais propre a justifier la demande que j’ai l’honneur de vous faire. Monsieur le Comte d’Ossun, sous les ordres duquel j’ai eu l’honneur de sérvir, vous rendra quélques témoignages sur mon compte; je me borne a vous dire que je ne césserai d’etre occupé de mériter votre protéction, et la Bienveillance de mes supérieurs, par mon exactitude a remplir mes devoirs; je serai content d’y parvenir, plus encore, si jamais je peux vous convaincre du profond réspect avec lequel j’ai l’honneur d’etre, Monsieur, Votre tres humble et tres obéissant sérviteur
Rolandeau

Chez Mr. Dessan Capitaine de Navire rue st. jame. Daignes me charger de vos ordres, si vous en aves pour ce pays la.

Notation: Rolandeau Bordeaux 18 8b. 1777


Title: The American Commissioners to John Folger, 19 October 1777
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur
To: Folger, John

Sir
Passy, near Paris, Oct. 19. 1777
We have consider’d your Proposition of Returning in case of the Accident you mention on this Coast, and approve of the same: You will therefore act accordingly. We wish you a good Voyage, and are Sir, Your humble Servants
B. FranklinSilas Deane
Capt. John Folger.

Addressed: To Captn. / John Folger / To Care of Mr. Jno. Moylan / Merchs / Havre du Grace


Title: Thomas Thompson to the American Commissioners, 20 October 1777
From: Thompson, Thomas
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Gentlemen
L’Orient. Raleigh October 20th: 1777.
I have the Honour to have now before me your Letters of the 13th: and 15th. Instant. In the first you desire I would write our situation; mine of the 10th. will satisfy you in that particular, therefore shall not say anything more on that head; in your first you advise us to Gurlard and Company and to send our Letters under Gurlard’s Cover. In your last you say “wish you to take the Advice of Mr. Gurlard in your affair, who is our Friend.” We wish you to be particular on that head and to know if you give a preference to Mr. Gurlard, as we look upon the whole House now concerned with whom jointly we at present do our business.
We have no apparent reason to find any fault with either, but must say Mr. Gurlard seems to be the Man of Candor and Honour. I have had an Application from Mr. Morris rather singular. He deputizes a Mr. Pinet and recommends him to us. Mr. Pinet picks up a third person and dispatches him express to us to do the Business. They all urge Secrecy and dispatch, and solicit the selling the prizes themselves; atho’ neither Pinet nor Mr. Morris are nearer than Nants, they offer to come and give dispatch if wanted. I wrote Mr. Morris for answer I had found persons properly authorized by the Commissioners and as he said the Business required Secrecy and dispatch I had repos’d an intire Confidence in them and they had dispos’d of our Effects. I thank’d him for his Offer of Service, and promis’d to apply to him if I wanted any Assistance from the Continental Agents.
I am sorry to inform you we have but this Day been able to get to the place destin’d to heave down; their Customs here are clog’d with so many Applications and so much Ceremony, ‘tis impossible to make dispatch. We propos’d being at Sea in three Weeks after we first arriv’d. I shall keep you Inform’d of our proceedings whenever our positions alter materialy. I am with great Respect Gentlemen Your Honours most Obedient Humble Servant
Thos. Thompson

PS I wish with you the Prizes had sold for more. I know not the worth here except by Hudebross and Nealy in England the two with Cargoes, would have been £21000.
The Honl. Benja. Franklin, Silas Dean & Arthur Lee Esqrs.

Addressed: The Honorable / Doctr. Benjamin Franklin, Silas Deane / & Arthur Lee Esqrs / American Commissioners / At / Paris
Notation: T. Thomson L’Orient Oct. 30. 77.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Peter Elmsly, 20 October 1777
From: Elmsly, Peter
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Hotel de Lyon, Rue St. Jacques. Octr. 20 1777.
P. Elmsly (Bookseller Strand) presents his respects to Dr. Franklin and begs to know if he would chuse to go on with his Subscription to Jacquin’s Hortus Vindobonensis, and if yes to whom he would have them delivered. Dr. Franklin owes £2:2:0. for the last delivery. As Dr. Ingenhouz with Jacquin’s Brother is now at London, if Dr. Franklin will be so good as order the two Guineas to be paid to Mr. Pissot, Libraire Quay des Augustins, or the bearer P. Elmsly will pay them at London to Dr. Ingenhouz.
P. Elmsly Sets out on Wednesday night, and if Dr. F. has any Commands for his Litterary friends PE will take care of them.

Addressed: à Monsieur / Monsieur Le Docteur Franklin / à / Passie
Notations in different hands: Emsley Bookseller / Briffault


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ——— Le Coeur: Bill for the Schooling of Benjamin Franklin Bache, 20 October 1777
From: Le Coeur, ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin

[October 20, 1777]

Les deux quartiers de Pension de Mr. Benjamin franklin échus

  le quatre du présent
    254 l.t.

  plus un habit uniforme tout compris
  98.10

  6 paires de bas de cotton a 50 s. font
  15

  un Chapeau
  6

  neuf paires de souliers
  36

  pour les semaines
  17.10

  pour le Perruquier
  9

  Livres de Classes
  3

439 l.t.

J’ai reçu de Monsieur franklin Les deux quartiers de Pension de Mr. Benjamin échus Le quatre du présent et le montant du present memoire dont je quitte Mon dit Sieur a Passy Le Vingt Octobre Mil Sept Cent Soixante dix Sept
Le Coeur

Endorsed: Account of Ben’s Schooling


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Welsh, 20 October 1777
From: Welsh, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir,
Portsmouth Octr. 20th. 1777
Excuse the Freedom of my Presumption, in Writing to you tho not Personally Acquainted. Still from the Charector you bear from every Loyal American, induces me to let you Know of my Misfortune of being taken Prisoner, and brought here from the Westindias, Where I commanded a Privatier fitted out by Wm. Bingham Esqr. Agent of the Honourable Congress of the United states. Am in a Distress’d Situation, the Particulars you’l Excuse as time does not permit. Begs your Assistance if Convenient and hopes you’l make Known to Congress, as we may Expect a Carteel some time tho’ God Knows when. However any service I may Recieve will be Greatly thankful, as Wm. Bingham or Richd. Harrison of Martinicoe Wood be Answerable. I am sir Yours
Jno. Welsh

N.B. Those letters you’l be Pleas’d to forward to Martinicoe: I mention to these Gentlemen in these letters of my application made to you, Which I hope will Reach them. If this Answers you’l Direct to Portsmouth at Fortune Goal I draw for 20 Guineas as per Note.
Superscription thus To Capt. Jno. Welsh at Portsmouth in the Goal of Fortune


Title: Nathan Dorsey: Two Receipts to the Commissioners, 21 October 1777: résumé
From: Dorsey, Nathan
To:

<Passy, October 21, 1777: Two identical receipts, each for 192 livres; three receipts have been given, and the first one paid will void the others.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Duc de La Rochefoucauld, 21 October 1777
From: La Rochefoucauld, Louis-Alexandre, duc de La Roche-Guyon et de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

La Rocheguyon. 21. 8bre. 1777.
Ne voiant point paroître, Monsieur, la Constitution du Maryland, j’avois imaginé que peut être il y avoit quelque empêchement à cette publication c’est ce qui m’avoit fait différer la traduction de celle de la Caroline Méridionale. La premiere vient d’être inserée dans le Journal d’Amérique et d’Angleterre, et j’ai l’honneur de vous envoier la seconde en vous priant de vouloir bien y jetter les yeux. J’y ai joint quelques questions à côté desquelles je vous demanderai des réponses, et lorsque vous aurez eu la bonté d’examiner le tout je vous serai très obligé de vouloir bien renvoier le tout chez moi à Paris à l’adresse du sieur Virmont, en y joignant le texte Anglois dont j’aurai encore besoin.
Les Gazettes Angloises répandent beaucoup de bruits dont la réalité seroit désavantageuse à votre patrie, mais heureusement ils sont vagues, et même démentis en certains points par une nouvelle qu’on m’a dit venir de vous, que le general Washington n’avoit pas quitté les environs de Philadelphie; les premieres nouvelles certaines sont bien interessantes à savoir; car comment ne pas prendre le plus vif interêt à un Peuple, qui combat pour sa liberté, et qui n’est animé d’aucun des sentimens étrangers qui ont déterminé les autres Républiques à se former? M. Deane a eu la bonté de me promettre que si vous aviez quelques nouvelles, il m’en feroit part. Voudriez vous bien avoir celle de le lui rappeller en lui faisant mes complimens? Ma mere me charge de vous faire les siens. Nous sommes encore à la campagne pour six semaines, mais je compte aller passer quelques jours à Paris dans le mois prochain, et je profiterai de quelque moment pour vous porter à Passy l’hommage de la veneration, et de l’attachement avec lesquels j’ai l’honneur d’être, Monsieur, Votre très humble et tres obeissant serviteur
Le Duc DE LA Rochefoucauld


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Silas Deane, 23 October 1777
From: Deane, Silas
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
Passy 23d: Octo. 1777
I go to Town this Evening to a Rendezvous with Messrs. Chaumont and Holker. The latter will be very much obliged to You for the Letters You promised him, he wishes to set out tomorrow morning. Docr. Bancroft is returned. Inclosed is a Letter from Thornton and with this I leave You the Papers, and am Dear Sir Your most Obedient, and Very humble Servant
S. Deane

Addressed: To / The Honle. B Franklin Esq.
Notation: Mr. S. Deane


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Charles de Hirschberg, 23 October 1777
From: Hirschberg, Charles de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir!
Strasburgh, October the 23th. 1777.
As I have not the honour to be personnally Known to you, I should flatter myself very happy if I was only by reputation; In looking over my old correspondances some time ago, I found Your interrogation, which appeared to me so precise and just, that I undertook the translation and find that a great part of the world is indebted to me for the publishing, as they were entirely ignorant of the true cause of the present troubles. I take the liberty to send You an Exemplar, by which You will see, that I followed as close as possible, in every respect, the preciseness, Strength and true meaning of every answer You have given.
If in case, You should like to have any thing translated; I offer my service. I am Professor of the english language, engaged since eight years at the University of Strasburgh, as I possess likewise the french and German language, I work with great facility in these three languages, and sacrifice all my leisure hours to translation.
I shall receive with the greatest pleasure at any time Your commands, remaining with true esteem Sir! Your most humble and most obedient Servant
Charles DE Hirschberg


Title: The Massachusetts Council to the American Commissioners, 24 October 1777
From: Massachusetts Council
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Gentlemen.
State of Massachusetts Bay Council ChamberOct: 24th: 1777
The Brigantine Penet John Harris Commander by Who you will receive this Letter has been taken up and fited out for a voyage to France solely with a Veiw of Conveying to you Authoritative Intelligence of the success of the American Army in the Northern Department. We sincerely Congratulate you upon this occasion and have the pleasure to Inform you that by express, we have just been favoured with the most Interesting and agreable Intelligence from Major General Gates. We now Inclose you A Copy of his Letters as also a Copy of a Convention by which Lieut: General Burgoyne surrendered himself and his army on the 17 Instant into General Gates Hands. The Prisoners, The Express Informs, Amount to about Six Thousand, one Thousand of which are to return into Canada, and the residue are upon their march towards this Town. [In the margin: It seems our Army since the last Action of the 7th. has entirely surrounded the Enemy, taken their Boats with much provision, and entirely Cut off their retreat [so] that Burgoyne had no way to escape but by one Violent Effort to force his way thro our Troops or surrender Prisoners of War. It seems he chose the latter]. This is a very Important Acquisition and will doubtless be attended with the happiest Consequences. It will naturally tend to Inspirit our Troops thro the Continent and to intimidate and dispirit those of the Enemy. Genl. Vaughan with about 4000 Troops is pushing up North River. Fort Mongomery is taken by the Enemy but we hope will now soon be retaken and a thorough Check given to Genl. Vaughan by the Troops Genl. Gates is forwarding for that purpose. We have little doubt but that Tyconderoga and Fort Independance will be in our hands as we learn a Body of Troops has been dispatched by Genl. Gates to summon them to Surrender. We also forward you a Copy of a Letter from Genl. Washington of the 8 Instant to Congress, which we have just received from the Honble. the President, a Copy of whose letter covering the Same we also transmit you. By these Letters you will learn the Situation of the Two Armys at the Southward. Our People it seems remain in high Spirit notwithstanding their late Disappointment at German Town, and we hope soon to hear that How’s Army will be Cutt off from any retreat and be in the same Situation that Burgoyne’s is at present in. Newspapers accompanying this will furnish you with further particulars with respect the Movements of our Troops previous to Genl. Burgoyne’s Surrender.
Comm. of Council

Notations: Rec’d Page 140. / Letter to Genl. Knox Octor 24. 1777


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Massachusetts Board of War, 24 October 1777: résumé
From: Massachusetts Board of War
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Boston, October 24, 1777, in French: Your public character and responsibilities justify our opening a correspondence to inform you of events since the happy days of Trenton and Princeton. The British have recently occupied Philadelphia and fought Washington at Germantown; our privateers are doing damage, but the middle states are suffering. To look to the north, why did St. Clair surrender Ticonderoga and open the way to New England? But Burgoyne, made overconfident by earlier successes, suffered defeat at Bennington. Then his army surrendered at Saratoga; the gazettes will give you details. Howe should meet the same fate now that our northern army is free.
In this situation it would be ridiculous for us to treat on Britain’s terms. Even if our troops defending the coast were defeated and captured, our militia would form a new army, and either die in battle or win independence. We have had setbacks, but we do not exaggerate our success. France and Spain maintain their neutrality, we are surprised to see, when they could obtain a large share of our commerce and humble Great Britain.
This will be delivered to you by Jonathan Loring Austin.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Samuel Cooper: Two Letters, 25 October 1777
From: Cooper, Samuel
To: Franklin, Benjamin

I.
My dear Sir,
Boston N.E. 25th. Octr. 1777.
In the last Winter my only Daughter was married here to Joseph Hixon Esqr. of Monserrat, in the W. Indies. He went from hence in the Spring by Way of Cork to London. I beg you to take the Trouble of sending by the first safe Opportunity an enclosed Letter from her to him. The Letter is wholly private, and makes no Mention of public Affairs. Should accident bring him to France, your Notice of him will much oblige Your very respectful and affectionate humble Servant
Saml: Cooper

Addressed: The Honle: Benjn. Franklin Esqr / In Paris

II.
My dear Sir,
Boston N.E. 25 Octr. 1777.
Having just now heard that a running Vessell is immediately to sail for France I take up my Pen to congratulate you upon the most important and glorious success of the Arms of the American States in the Northern Department. Burgoyne’s army is no more, at least as an army in America. It has surrender’d to a Man, consisting of near 6000 to Genl. Gates, upon Terms which you will see in the printed Convention. They are large and generous considering how totally the Enemy was in our Power, and the manner in which they have carried on the War: But I had rather we should err in Generosity and Compassion, than in Severity even where the Law of Retalliation and Self-Defence might seem to require it. I believe there never was a People, animated with so much Spirit and Resolution in Defence of their Rights, that has in so many Instances shewed superior if equal Lenity and Generosity towards their Oppressors and Murderers, when reduced, as America has done. I hope in the End, this will be no Disadvantage to us here, and give no unfavorable Idea of us to the European Powers.
Our Fortresses, and those Things upon which we chiefly depended, have been with a strange Ease wrested from us by the Enemy, except Bunker Hill, thro the Course of the War; at the same Time, divine Providence has supported and sav’d us in Ways we little thought of. Deprived of our strong Holds we have been taught to meet the Enemy in the Field; and most of the important Advantages we have gain’d, have been preceeded with the Loss of them. When Tyconderoga was so unaccountably given up to the Enemy; (I say unaccountably, because the Decision upon that Affair has not yet been given by proper Authority) the People of the Northern States were fill’d with Vexation, but not appall’d. They knew the Effect this would have for a while in Europe, and that the precipitate Retreat from that Place, must be attended with an ill Effect upon the bravest Army: we saw at the same Time our Country open to an invading Army of 10,000 men; flush’d with this easy Acquisition, ready to be augmented by the disaffected among ourselves, and to be aided in various ways by the neutral and timorous, and [in?] the Districts that lay near them, and immediately fell into their Power. In so trying a Situation, I was astonish’d at the Firmness and Resolution of the People and those who conducted their Affairs. Nothing was thought of but turning out the Militia to make a Stand. Vagrants and the meaner Sort had been before enlisted into the Continental Service; these were substanial men. Burgoyne thought the whole Country was now open to him, and exerted ev’ry Nerve to improve his Opportunity. He with his main Body press’d forward towards Albany: His right Wing commanded by St. Ledger came over Lake Ontario and thro the Mohawk Country, depending upon carrying Fort Stanwix at once, and joining him at Albany; Col. Baum with the left Wing went to the Country called the Grants. General Harkerman [Herkimer] with 200 Militia was sent to reinforce the Garrison of Stanwix. He never reach’d the Fort, but in his Way engag’d a large Body of the Enemy with such Slaughter upon them and the Indians among them, as greatly weaken’d that Corps. Harkerman display’d great Skill and Bravery; so did Gansevort who commanded the Fort. The uncommon Spirit of both these Officers sav’d that important Post, and broke the Design of the Enemies right Wing; which retir’d with Precipitation and Loss back over Ontario. The State of N. Hampshire, having sent their Quota to the Continental Army, rais’d a Brigade of Militia. Starks, an old Warrior, who fought bravely at Trentown and Princetown, but had been strangely overlook’d in the Settlement of military Rank, was entrusted with the Command. Not thoroughly confiding in the chief Leaders of the Northern Army, he sollicited for large Orders from the Government of that State that he might act with, or independently of the continental Army, as he should judge most conducive to the Defence of the Northern Frontier. It was happy he was indulged in this Point; tho in other Circumstances it might have been attended with ill Consequences. Just before Baum was setting out for Bennington, Schuyler or St. Clair, order’d Him from the Grants towards Albany; Starks ventur’d not to comply with the Order, being determin’d to defend that important Post of Bennington, and the large public Stores there: This was complain’d of to Congress; but before the Complaint could have any Effect, his compleat and most brilliant Victory took place, in which he kill’d and took eight or nine hundred of the Enemy, and entirely ruin’d their left Wing. He had been join’d with Col. Warner and a Company of Rangers of the green mountain Boys in Continental Pay; his whole Body made upwards of 1400: the Enemy including the Reinforcement they receiv’d were as many; they were entrench’d, and had a Number of excellent Field Pieces; he had none: Yet he ventur’d to attack them, at a Time when the continental Army seem’d at a Loss where to make a Stand, and made his Dispositions with a Coolness and Judgment, and executed them with a Firmness and Alertness that will do him immortal Honor. This chang’d the Face of our Affairs, and was a Blow that Burgoyne never recover’d. At this favorable Time, Gates had resum’d the Command of the Northern Army; the Militia from all Parts flowing up to him in high Spirits: a Body of which in the rear took several Posts not far from Tyconderoga, releas’d a large Number of our Prisoners, and captivated more of the Enemy besides destroying their Boats &c. Burgoyne began now to feel he had ventur’d too far into a Country where all were Soldiers. He was now advanc’d beyond Saratoga. He could not make his Way to Albany, and he look’d back in vain. He made an Effort however to extricate himself, and found Means to bring the chief of his Force against a single Wing of our Army commanded by the intrepid Arnold, but was repulsed with great Loss. He made a second, in which Arnold greatly distinguish’d himself, by entring his Lines which were carried, and many kill’d, and much Baggage taken. The Enemy retir’d to a fortify’d camp in their Rear. Arnold, and Lincoln another excellent Genl: Officer, belonging to this State, were both wounded in the Leg in this Action; but are like to recover without Amputation, to the Joy of all acquainted with their Merit. Burgoyne’s Camp being soon after compleatly invested, destitute of Provisions, and no Prospect of Succor, surrender’d. In his Extremity he sent a Letter to Genl: Clinton at N. York; In the Answer which fell into our hands Clinton tells him, that he could not undertake to order or advise any Thing respecting his Affairs, and only wishes him well. The Enemy appriz’d that our Posts on N. River were thinn’d by Detachments to both Armies, and with Design no doubt to make some Diversion in Favor of Burgoyne, came up from N. York, and surpriz’d Peekskill, Fort Montgomery &c. and were burning and laying wast in a cruel Manner near the Borders of that River, while Gates was giving the most generous Terms to Burgoyne, tho in the most desperate Circumstances. It is said that pressing Calls for Detachments to repel these Incursions might be an Occasion of the unexpected Latitude of some of these Terms. This will now soon be effected, and Washington, should he need it, may soon be reinforc’d largely from the Northern Army. In the Action of Brandywine He weaken’d Howe’s 3000. In a late Attack upon a large Body of the Enemy at German Town we were upon the Point of carrying the whole, insomuch that Howe was giving out Orders for an immediate Retreat to Chester, but a thick Fog arising, Genl. Greene’s Division coming up in the Rear was mistaken for the Enemy, and the Confusion which this created, sav’d them. Howe indeed, by Marching, and countermarching above the City of Philadelphia, and making the Appearance of coming to a general Battle took an Opportunity to throw a Body of men into that Place; this was no more than we suppos’d might happen, and accordingly it was some time ago emptied of almost ev’ry Thing valuable: But He cannot now hold it long. He has not yet been able to raise the Cheveux de Frize in the River, nor carry the Batteries near it. In attempting to break thro, one Frigate has been lost already; and we are this day told that in a second Attempt two more have met with the same Fate; and that Howe seems preparing for a Retreat. While I was writing the last Sentence a Gentleman calls in, and acquaints me of a Letter just receiv’d from the Southward, informing that the Enemy have lost 17 Vessels in attempting to force their Way to Philadelphia; and among the Rest, a floating Battery of 8 Cannon, and more than an hundred Men has fallen into our Hands. If Howe cannot get the River open, He must retire. His Army cannot be supplied in any other way. But be this as it may, the total Ruin of the Army from Canada must in the End be fatal to him: He must be fortunate indeed, long to stand against the united Force of the States. The bare Report of Burgoyne’s Fate will shock him and his Army, and render them extremely anxious for safe Winter Quarters; at the same Time that it will put Washington and his Forces into the highest Spirits. And what Effect, my dear Sir, will it have upon the British Court and Nation? Will they think of sending another Army here? What Effect will it have upon the European Powers? Will they think us respectable enough to have an acknowledg’d Place among the Nations? What Effect upon France and Spain? Can they hesitate a Moment, about acknowledging our Independance, entring into an Alliance with us; and protecting their own Trade to this Quarter? They have delayed this too long already, and so manifestly against their own Interest, that I can hardly suppose them deceiv’d in this Point. Are they afraid of a War? This in the present Situation of Britain is what they have more reason to court than to dread. But if they chuse to avoid it, they may lay aside their Fears upon that Head: For in my Opinion Britain would now sooner acknowledge our Independence than venture a War with them in Alliance with us. And what if she should be before hand with them in such an acknowledgement, and in Offers to secure our Friendship and Trade? This is no improbable Supposition, considering how impracticable she must now find it to subdue us; and that it is the most likely, I might say, the only Means to prevent her final Ruin. If She intends such a Stroke as this, she will be sure to hide it as much as possible from them, and put on ev’ry Appearance of a contrary Design, till she has secur’d her Point. And should she adopt such a Measure I cannot forbear hinting to you, that she would find many in America to favor it, who have been extremely averse to her arbitrary and despotic Claims. You know the Force of old Connections and long Habits; and that the worst Treatment does not wholly efface them; and that our Liberties once secur’d, many would deem an Alliance with Britain the most natural. I will only add, that tho we are indebted to France and Spain for their secret and important Aid, yet their openly keeping aloof from us for so long a Time has made such a Plan on the Part of Britain the more practicable. It is easy to suppose, and we certainly know from intercepted Letters, that the most sensible and foresighted British Merchants are taking Measures for regaining as much as possible the Trade of these States in Case our Independency should be establish’d, which some of them have concluded will take place, if this Campaign does not end decisively against us, and that Britain herself will be oblig’d to concede to it, for the Sake of Commercial Advantages. I have seen a long and well wrote Letter from a great House in London to their Friends at N. York upon this Point. And should Force fail, or in Conjunction with it, Britain would employ ev’ry Art and Bribe for such a Purpose. Now then is the Time for France to take an open and determin’d Part, which without Hazard to her, must at once secure our Independence, disappoint the Friends of Britain, and strengthen the Hands of her own here, and give them firm and the most popular Ground to exert themselves in her Favor; for we know that Governments in all Countries, and especially in this, cannot without such Ground proceed as they wish. I am well inform’d that Letters will go by this very Opportunity to influential Persons in Britain proposing an immediate Calling of a new Parliament, a Change of Ministry and a Ceding Independence to us, as the Basis of a thro [thorough] Reconciliation, and a means of securing to her the Trade of these States, and of avoiding what she must now above all Things dread, a War with France and Spain in Conjunction with them: and she must be more than ever infatuated if she does not without Delay adopt such a Measure. I write freely and in confidence to you as a Friend, but no more upon this Point, except that the Letters I speak of as going to Britain, are from private Persons, and from one in particular of no small Influence here.
We are ready to hope that the Account of our Successes will confound the British Ministry, divide the Nation at least, raise a Clamor against the Promoters of the War that cannot be still’d easily, and prevent any large Force coming over in the Room of Burgoyne’s Army, which you will observe is not prevented by the Convention from serving in Europe: But should Howe end the Campaign more favorably to himself than we expect, and should Britain, determin’d to carry on the War, take such a Step, is it possible that France and Spain should not exert themselves in the most efficacious Manner to prevent it? Should the War continue, the greatest Difficulty I am apprehensive of on our Part respects the Paper Bills we have been oblig’d so largely to emit. You must have heard how much they have depretiated already. We are levying large Taxes, and doing ev’ry Thing in our Power to lessen their Quantity and raise their Value. The Fund in France for Payment of the Interest of the Continental Bills has had a good Effect. But jealous Merchants and ill-affected Persons inquire, How comes the Source of this Supply to be so secret? is it for a Year only? &c., and one for Gain, and the other from political Views, continually depress the Value of the Bills. But this Evil seems to be now at a Stand, and I hope will lessen ev’ry day. Our Successes must greatly contribute to this as well as other Reliefs, and establish our Credit abroad. No one can doubt the Ability of this Continent to discharge a much larger Debt than we have contracted, should we establish our Independence; and since by the Favor of Heaven we are now in a much fairer way for this than ever; Those Countries we hope will freely lend, whose Interest it is even to give largely towards such an Establishment. Pray, my dear Sir, use ev’ry means to procure us money. We are now a Country of excellent Soldiers, and of immense Land, and Sources of Trade, the Value of which must perpetually increase: Money in Hand is the Chief we want. But if this cannot be promis’d to the Extent we wish, Let France and Spain put on the strongest Appearance of a War in Union with us; Britain could not stand it; the Appearance only, if apprehended to be real, must at this Juncture, at once settle the Point.
Since writing the above, I have seen fresh Advices from the Southward. In the Action of the 4th, Genl. Agnew of Howe’s Army was kill’d, Sir Wm. Erskin mortally wounded, Kiphausen [Knyphausen] Commander in Chief of the German Forces wounded in the Hand, a great many kill’d and wounded, their Loss upon the whole much greater than our’s. Washington by Reinforcements is stronger than before the Battle: so that we ev’ry Moment expect to hear of another Action.
I am oblig’d to write with Rapidity, and send you the first hasty Draught, by Mr. Austin, Son of the Honle. Mr. Benjn. Austin one of the Council for this State; a young Gentleman much esteem’d. He carries you the public Papers, and can give you a particular Account of Affairs. I have receiv’d only two Letters from you on one Paper; the last, of May 27th. I am afraid a Number of mine to you have miscarried.
The Letter is now call’d for, and I must conclude with ev’ry Sentiment of Esteem and Affection Your’s &c.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Thomas Walker, 25 October 1777
From: Walker, Thomas
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honorable Sir,
Boston 25th. Octobr 1777.
I with great pleasure embrace this early Opportunity of congratulating you upon the signal Success of the American Arms, in the northern Department and I hope it will be attended with happy Consequences by enabling us to get rid of our powerful Enemies on the Continent, and raising us generous and active friends to support our Cause in Europe: I make no doubt the Canadians must be struck with Astonishment at this unlook’d for Event; and that they will heartily join us in any future Attempts upon that Colony, which I ardently wish to see added to the united States.
This will be delivered to you by Colonel de Marasqelle father of a Gentleman of that name, who has the rank of Colo. in our Artillery, and is pensioned by this State for Life; in consideration of his having introduced the Art of founding and boring Cannon solid &ca. This Gentleman I am particularly acquainted with, and can assure you that he has given convincing proofs of his Abilities, in his Profession; and Zeal for the American States; and is very desirous that his Father (who he tells me is a member of the royal Academy of Sciences) should be introduced to one of the first Geniuses, and greatest Patriot of the Age. And as I imagine that some usefull hints may through him be communicated to the board of War, for the improvement of our Artillery, I have ventured to take up thus much of your valuable time. Sincerely wishing you a continuance of health and success in your Negotiations I am very respectfully Honorable Sir Your most Obedient humble Servant
Thomas Walker
Honble Dr: Benjn: Franklin

Addressed: Honorable Benja: Franklin Esq / Commissioner &ca / Paris
Notation: Walker Thos. late of Canada 25. Oct. 1777


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Sr., 25 October 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Sr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honored Sir
Boston Octr 25. 1777.
In my Last I advised of the Enemies taken Possession of Ticonderoge and then mention’d that the Country were allarmed and would exert themselves and prehaps do Wonders. Wonders are don (God be prased) General Burgoyne and his Whol Armey Prisoners of War he and his Whol Armey to be Transported to England to tell the dolefull Tale.
The Bearer Mr. Jonathan L. Austin Son of the Honbl. Nathl. Austin Comes with the agreeable [news?]. Your Civilities to him as a Stranger will Oblige Your Dutiful Nephew and Humble Servant
J Wms

PS A few days ago Mrs. Green and her Daughter was at our House Brought me a Letter from Aunt Mecom Who Was well at Worwick desires her Love to you and all friends in France. I am as Above
J Wms

Addressed: Doctr. Benjamin Franklin Eqr / per Mr. Austin / France


Title: François-Auguste-Pompée Hennet to the American Commissioners, 26 October 1777
From: Hennet, François-Auguste-Pompée
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Passy le 26. 8b 1777.
M. hennet a l’honneur de saluer Messieurs Francklin et Deane et de les prier de vouloir bien lui faire savoir s’ils ont eu avis de l’arrivée à Nantes des fusils qu’il y a fait expedier de la manufacture de Maubeuge, pour leur compte et par leur ordre.
M. hennet est chez M. Brillon où il attendra la réponse de ces Messieurs, il se randra chez eux si ils avoient quelque chose a lui faire savoir, soit relativement aux pistolets dont il leur a remis des modeles ou pour tout autre objet; il s’y seroit rendu s’il n’avoit craint de les déranger.

Addressed: A Messieurs / Messieurs le Docteur Francklin / et Deane Députés des Etats unis de / l’Amérique / A Passy


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Marquis Alexandre d’Hanache, 27 October 1777
From: Alexandre d’Hanache, Hugues-Barthélemy, marquis
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
A l’hotel d’orléans rue de richelieu27 8bre. 1777
Je prends la Liberté de vous adresser cy joint une Lettre par Duplicata pour Le Comte de Stirling que je vous prie de vouloir bien Lui faire parvenir j’aurais eü l’honneur de vous La remettre moi-même sans des affaires qui me retiennent a paris; dès que je serai Libre de disposer d’un moment j’aurai La satisfaction d’aller vous voir. J’ai l’honneur d’être avec une parfaite considération Monsieur Votre très humble et très obéissant serviteur
Le MIS. Alexandre d’hanache

Notation: D’Hanache 27. 8bre. 1782 [sic]


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Stephen Sayre, 27 October 1777
From: Sayre, Stephen
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
Berlin 27th Octor 1777.
I address you not as a Commissioner for America, but as a man of feeling, who has a disposition to do justice to all the world. Do you not think it hard indeed that I should be left under the necessity of returning to England, at the mercey of my Enemies, who are Enemies also to public liberty, after having committed myself by taking an open part in the business of America, so as to forfeit my personal liberty and perhaps my life?
When our commission was at an end at this Court, I was told by Mr. Lee that I was to expect no further support from the Plenipotentiaries. This declaration has been confirm’d by a Letter from him, since his arrival at Paris, as the sense of all three.
I cannot bring myself to believe that your judgement could possibly accord with such an Idea; common justice, and common usage forbids it. I therefore appeal to you as a man of honor, and beg your immediate exertions in my favour, that I may not be compell’d to turn my back on the cause of America, to which I have sacrifised every thing but the attachment I bear it.
If I do return to England, it will look like a desertion of those principles which have hitherto govern’d every public action of my life, and will disgrace me in the Eyes of those I most esteem. If you have not power to give me some temporary aid, then let this Letter stand as a protest against what I deem downright Injustice, and as a vindication of my honor and conduct.
My necessities would not have forced me to this dreadful alternative, had not my Letters been stop’d, somehow or other, ever since the 4th of augt. tho’ I have wrote near thirty since that time; cover’d too, under various names, and sent by different roads. Hitherto, I have done the cause of America honor by remaining at this Court; as I can no longer support the expence of it, I, this day, retire to a Gentleman’s Country Seat, where I will wait your answer, which I hope to be honor’d with immediately. I ask for but little and that I leave to your discretion; nor do I require that little to support me here. I want to know if I am to have your support any where.
Please to let the bearer Mr. Dumont know when he shall wait on you for your Reply; which he will send safe to my hands. I have in charge Monr. de Gorne’s Compliments for you, he is at the head of the commercial Directory here, and ranks as Minister de Etat. I am, with great personal respect, your most obedient humble servant
Stepn Sayre


Title: Jonathan Williams, Jr., to the American Commissioners, 28 October 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Honorable Gentlemen
Nantes Octo 28. 1777.
The present serves to inform you that Mr. de Sartine has written to the Commissary here relative to the Lion in which he forbids that any munitions of war of any kind be embark’d or that any pretended Clearances be made. I have not nor can I appear in this Business, but I have desired Mr. Peltier to assure the Commissary that no munitions of War shall be put on board except what immediately relates to the Ship;  this as we have other Cargo enough will not injure us except as to Ballast, which we shall want and which I must otherways procure, but the prohibition of supplying the Americans with the necessarys of supporting the War is like being themselves our Enemies; a Soldier could fight even naked with materials, but without the means of defence, his Cloaths signify nothing to the public. I shall conform to the orders given and try to get the Vessell away as soon as I can; as to orders about not taking out false clearances, we must do as well as we can. I inclose a Note from Mr. Peltier on the Subject. (I have advice of 40 hogsheads of Cloaths being shipped and 40 more on the Road, on these latter are charges to the amount of 2191..11 Sous to Bordeaux only which I suppose will be drawn on me for. The Charges on the Transportation of the Cloaths surpassing Expectation and must make them come dearer than was expected.) The Magazine now becomes an object of great Expence, near 40 men to pay weekly consumes money fast, and as this nor other Disbursements were provided for in the Credit you gave me, I apprehend that sum will be appropriated before all my Business is finished, of this however I shall inform you in time. I have the honour to be with great Respect Gentlemen Your most obedient most humble Servant
Jona Williams
The Honble The Commissioners of the United States

Addressed: The Honorable / The Commissioners of the / United States / at Paris
Notation: Mr Williams Octr 28 1777. to Hon: Commrs. U.S. Expence of the Uniforms from Montpelier


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Catharine Greene, 28 October 1777
From: Greene, Catharine
To: Franklin, Benjamin

My Very Dear Friend
Boston. Octobr ye 28th 1777
I have this moment heard of an oppertunity of Writeing to you and though there geting my horses up to go home I must write you how do you do and that our family was well 12 days Past when I left them and Id the Pleasure of carreing your Dear Sister to her Granddaughters Greenes the day before I Came a way and Mrs. Collis. She is exceeding well and quite Contented in her Deliverance from Hows Ravages. She left Philadelphia but a few days Before he marcht to Garmentown. Suppose you have heard Mrs. Beach was abed with a fine Daughter. Her aunt and My Self are Concernd for her but every thing was in Readiness to carry her to a friends house. Ive been to Newbury Port to See Ray who is at Dumers School he is in a good house and well belovd. How does my Friends Mr. Temple and Master Benny doo? Please to Remember me to them and be assured of the Best wishes of your old Catharine who longs to See you at Warwick. Celia is with me. I leave the greate News to more inteligable Pens. But we are all happy with the Pleasing appearance of things. Friends here are all well. Uncle and aunt Gooch at whose house I am Desire there love to you as does Brother Hubbart &c. &c. Do let us have if but one line from you to hear you are well. We love your Dear Sister as well as ever. Your Very affectionate
Caty Greene

Addressed: Doct Franklin / per Mr Austin


Title: John Langdon to the American Commissioners, 29 October 1777
From: Langdon, John
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Gentlemen
Portsmouth New Hampshire Octo. 29th. 1777.
By the Continental Ship Ranger now waiting for Wind, Ive’ done myself the honor to Inclose you the Articles of Capitulation with Mr. Burgoyne and Copy of a Letter which General Gates sent in to Burgoyne six Days before the surrender. Ive’ been at Home two days from Saratoga at which place I had been some days with my Arms and Accoutrements as Volunteer, and had the Happiness to be one of those to whom the great Burgoyne with all his Army were Oblige to submit. The Conduct of General Gates would do honor to the greatest Roman General. Our Army last Saturday week, at which time I left Albany were Marching down the River towards New York and no doubt will soon Check those Sons of depredation who were burning and Destroying every thing as far up as uSopus. Tho’ Howes Army is in Possession of Philadelphia its tho’t by the several movements that he is in almost as bad a situation as Burgoyne. I should be happy to give a description of the grandest affair that ever my Eyes beheld (the surrender of Burgoynes Army) but this your Honors can better conceive of, than I can describe. I arrived there the day before they retreated, the Morning after the last Action, as did also many thousand Militia and Volunteers, from this and the Neighbouring States; to view the Field of Battle the dead not being Buried, the situation of the Enemies Wounded which they were Obliged to leave, many of them Just expireing was truely dreadful to Behold; on their Retreat to see their distresses, leaveing their Waggons and many Stores on the way which was filled with their Dead and disabled Horses, their Burning all Houses, Barns, Mills, Wheat Hay &c. as they passed; our Army pursueing in the finest Order and getting round them fast, which was compleatly done the day after they got to Saratoga several thousand Hampshire Men being at Fort Edward comeing down upon them. The continual Roar of Cannon and small Arms Exhibited a Grand Scene, but this was nothing compared with that Glorious prospect we had in seeing the Polite and able General Burgoyne with his whole Army marching out of their lines and laying down their Arms at the feet of the Generous Yankees, who were marching in, and takeing Possession of the Enemies lines, Steping off with a tolerable good grace at the old favourite Tune of Yankee Doodle this was truely pleasing. Ive’ the Honor to be, with every mark of Respect Your Honor’s Most Obedient Servant.
John Langdon
The hon’ble Benjamin Franklin, & Silas Deane & Arthur Lee, Esquires

Addressed: The Honble. / Benjamin Franklin, / Silas Deane & Arthur Lee, Esquires / American Commissioners / at the Court of / France. / per the Ship Ranger
Notation: Col. Langdon Portsmouth Oct. 29, 1777.


Title: Anthony Ameloo, Franco and Adrianus Dubbeldemuts, and Pieter Willemsen [to the American Commissioners], 30 October 1777
From: Ameloo, Anthony,Dubbeldemuts, Franco,Dubbeldemuts, Adrianus,Willemsen, Pieter
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

This letter and the one that follows were the commissioners’ first word of an episode that bred controversy for years to come. The Chester, a sloop commanded by William Bray, sailed for the Netherlands the previous April from the Bay of Honduras, carrying produce of the Mosquito Coast. A British privateer stopped her, but let her go when Bray produced evidence that the ship and cargo were Dutch property. He put in at Bermuda on June 13 for provisions, sailed the next day, and was almost immediately seized by two American privateers out of Charleston, the Fair American and the Experiment. They were commanded by brothers, Charles and Francis Morgan, who over Bray’s protests dispatched the Chester to Charleston and carried her crew with them to St. Eustatius. There they put the captain ashore with three of his men, and incorporated the others in their own crews. Bray eventually found his way to Rotterdam, where he arrived on Oct. 27; the next day he made a formal deposition, which was enclosed with this letter. Meanwhile the Chester had reached Charleston in early July and been libeled in the court of admiralty. The proceedings were uncontested (the owners had then no inkling of what had happened); the jury adjudged the ship and cargo British property, and they were ordered sold. Efforts to overturn the judgment and obtain damages, which will appear in this and future volumes, came to involve the Dutch government and Congress and dragged on until 1786.

Messieurs,
Rotterdam ce 30. Octobre 1777.
La Deference des Americains pour vous, Messieurs, et les relations que vous ÿ avez, nous fait prendre la liberté de vous ecrire.
Le Navire Le Chester, nous appartenant en propre aussi bien que sa Cargaison, aiant ete acheté pour notre compte par Mr. van Teylingen notre Agent à Blac river, comme cela vous paroitra par l’extrait de ses lettres ci-jointes, que nous avons fait traduire et mettre en forme legale, nous y ajoutons le certificat que nous avons donnés sous sermant devant Messieurs Les Bourguemaitres de cette Ville, pour constater en due forme la proprieté du dit Navire et de sa Cargaison, qui appartenant en tout sans aucune exception à des Sujets des Etats d’Hollande, ne pouvoit pas s’attendre a aucune insulte, et encore moins à une capture formelle de deux corsaires Americains, comme cela vous paroitra tres clairement par l’attestation que le Capitaine Wm. Braÿ à donné devant les Juges de Rotterdam, Sous serment, et dont nous joignons ici l’extrait. Quoi que les papiers du dit Navire prouvoient clairement et indubitablement, qu’il appartenoit aussi bien que sa Cargaison à des Negocians Hollandois, et qu’il navigoit sous Le pavillon Hollandois, outre que Monsieur van Teylingen notre Agent et Commissionaire est natif de cette ville, que son Pere ÿ a été Bourguemaitre, et par consequent aussi bien que les proprietaires, Sujet de la Republique, on à donc pu se convaincre tres clairement que les Anglois, ou aucun Anglois n’avoient la moindre part, ni dans le dit Navire ni Dans sa Cargaison. Il est donc une Injustice et une Violence apensé [impensée?] d’avoir pris le dit Navire, d’en renvoier les Matelots, et par la meme d’oter aux interessés le pouvoir de reclamer leur navire, et de le faire rendre à Sa destination, et quoique nous nous flattons qu’aprés avoir examinée les papiers on nous rendra justice à Charlestown, on nous a causé un dommage irreparable en renvoiant nos Matelots, et engageant d’autres à quitter le navire. Dans cette perplexité Messieurs nous avons recours à vous, et nous attendons de votre pouvoir et de votre justice, de nous procurer la restitution du dit Navire et un dedommagement equitable des pertes, que cette conduite violente, et contraire aux droits des Gens nous cause. Nous vous supplions de vouloir nous faire parvenir votre reponce sous les auspices de Messrs. Necker nos Amis et correspondens; nous nous flattons, que les preuves vous paroitront aussi claires et indubitables, comme elles sont, et nous vous repetons, qu’aucun etranger de quelque nation qu’il puisse etre n’a aucune part directe ou indirecte dans le Dit navire ou Sa Cargaison sur quoi vous pouvez compter, comme aussi de la Verité de tout ce que nous avancons, et tout cela ensemble nous fait esperer votre protection signalée, dans une affaire aussi chagrinante qu’injuste, aiant l’honneur d’être parfaitement Messieurs Vos tres humbles et obeissants Serviteurs
Aÿ: AmelooFr. & A: DubbeledemutsP. Willemsen


Title: Franco and Adrianus Dubbeldemuts to the American Commissioners, 30 October 1777
From: Dubbeldemuts, Franco,Dubbeldemuts, Adrianus
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Messieurs
Rotterdam 30 octobre 1777
Comme Interessée dans Le Navire et Cargaison, dont Les papiers ci Incluse font Mentions, Nous prenons la Libertée, Messieurs, de vous Les remêtre, et de vous recommander tres particulierement cette afaire afin que par votre pouvoir, Le dit Navire (dont nous vous protestons, q’auqune autre Nation que hollandaise, est Interessee) soit rendue aux Proprietaires. Ils est Inutile de nous êtendre sur cette afaire. Votre integritté Vous mêtra au fait, et Nous Supplions Votre protection sur ycelle, afin qu’on nous rende Justice, par votre Intercession. Nous serons charmée d’aprendre par un mot de reponse vos Sentiment, a Cette Egard, et plus encore, s’il se rencontre q’que [quelques] occasions, a vous être utile, et vous prouver Notre gratitude; et L’affections avec Laquelle nous avons L’honneur de nous souscrire Messieurs Vos tres humbles et tres obeissants Serviteurs
Fr & A: Dubbeldemuts

Addressed: To / Messrs Franklin & Dean / a / Paris


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ——— de la Gonterie, 30 October 1777: résumé
From: La Gonterie, —— de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Paris, October 30, 1777, in French: I have a plan that depends on your approval, and will be abandoned if you disapprove. A manufacturer of cloth suitable for soldiers and sailors would like to send his stock on hand to New England, but the ill fate of a recent shipment, which though consigned to the French colonies was taken at sea, has persuaded him to try again only if he can find a ship able to defend herself. I own such a ship but, because France is neutral, must apply for American letters of marque. Several months’ service on the Reprisal gives me some ground for applying;  the advantage to your country, however, is more than enough reason to grant my request. I have the means to arm the ship in complete secrecy, outside France, and will give you in person any details you may want.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Wendell: Two Letters, 30 October 1777
From: Wendell, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

I.
Esteemed Sir,
Portsmouth Octr. 30th 1777.
It is with Pleasure that I set down to write you, and wish you the most cordial Salutations, on the grand and important Events, that have taken Place in our American World.
You Sir may justly claim to Yourself the Honor of accellerating the Rising Empire of America.
Your Influence and your Councils have given Strength to Americans, who glory in their Prospect of Supporting their Independency. My good Uncle Colo. Josiah Quincy, the Father of the Young Patriot of that Name, lately shew me Your Letter to him, and he would have gladly continued a Correspondence, but the Danger of the Times would not admit of it, but he is firm in the Support of his Country.
Many great Events have taken Place to accomplish your Prophetic Advice to the D. of Newcastle in your Letter to two great Men. The Brittish Nation seem envelop’d in thick Darkness, she knows not her own Good, O fortunati Populi sua si bona norint, may be justly and pertinently applied to Brittain. Her great Men have fallen in the Fields, and her Armies are taken not in Detachments, but in Columns and solid Bodies, and that by the Militia of the States. But give me Leave to observe, such a Militia no Nation could ever boast of. By the Impolicy of Brittain, they are now actually disciplind Troops and proceed with the same Ardour and Regularity to Action, and the late grand Victory must convince all Europe that America [can] and will support her Independency. And fortunate would it be for Brittain, if she could secure the Alliance of America before Your Negotiations with Foreigners effectually reduces her to a State of being a Province of France. She has been warn’d of her Danger, sed quem Deus vult perdere prius dementat. I feel an Attachment towards her and wish she might see the Things of her Peace before they are hid from her Eyes. I stand amaz’d when I reflect how insensibly lost to her Interest, she is cutting the very Bough she stands [on] and while she makes America bleed only at the Capillary Vessels, she is herself bleed at the Jugulary, and of Course America must Survive. I beg your Excuse for this flight of Enthusiastic Fancy, but the glow of my Breast upon the Spur of the Occasion led me to this Freedom. I have Son with Capt. Jones that Commands the Ranger, if Capt. Jones should promote him, I should thankfully be obliged for your Support as I am Sure the Family of the Wendells and Quinceys are not disagreable to You. Give me Leave to mention Capt. Jones to You as a Sensible, well bred Gentleman and has the Honour of America much at Heart. I am with my Wishes for your best Happiness with great Esteem Respected Sir Your most Obedient Servant
John Wendell
Mrs. Pascal presents her best Compliments to you.Benj Franklin Esqr

Addressed: The Honble: Benja. Franklin / Esqr / Commissioner of the United States / of America at / Paris favd per Capt Jones
Notation: Jn Wendell Oct. 30. 77.

II.
Honored Sir,
Portsmouth Oct: 30 1777
Give me Leave to introduce to your Notice Lt. Thomas Simpson of the Ranger, a Gent: of a most distinguished Character as an officer and one whose Abilities are known to be very great and universally respected amongst Us. His Promotion will be generally accepted of by ev’ry Friend to America. I have wrote you by Capt. Jones to which please to be referr’d. I am with great Esteem Your Obliged and most Obedient Servant
John Wendell
Honble: Benj Franklin Esqr

Addressed: The Honle Benja. Franklin / Esqr / at / Paris / favd per Lt Simpson of the Ranger
Notation: Wendell


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 30 October 1777
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear and honored Sir
Nantes Octo 30. 1777.
I have received your favour of the 25 Inst. and immediately destroyed the Contents. The one you wrote a few days before never came to hand. I have sent to my procureur to take the Steps the paper you inclosed advised, but I confess I cannot understand the use it will be of. In consequence of what I need not repeat to you I felt myself a good deal eased of my anxiety on leaving paris and at my return here found that the Debts of these Cruisers together with what I advanced, amounted to near 20,000 Livres. The payment of the remainder as I had before begun, was not possible to be avoided, for in Business a man must be as delicate of his Name as a woman of her Reputation, and as these People would not have had a Sol credit but in [?] my Name I could not think of refusing especially circumstanced as I was with Mr. C.
I hope soon to have some satisfactory News on this Subject. I send by Mr. Peltier who is just setting off your little black Ink pot. I am ever with the gratest Respect [and] affection Your dutifull Kinsman
J Williams J

As Mr. Peltier will be on the Spot I hope some arrangements may be made with the Minister to facilitate our putting arms on board the Lion.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Franklin / Passy.


Title: The American Commissioners: Contract with Rey de Morande, 31 October 1777
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur
To:

We cannot explain this document. It is among Franklin’s papers, he and his colleagues signed it, and he endorsed it; but we can find no trace of the Cadiz merchant with whom it was supposedly made, or of cannon bought from any Spanish suppliers at this time. One of the central points of this agreement, furthermore, is to barter tobacco for guns; and the commissioners had realized months before that such an exchange was not feasible. They were doing all in their power to obtain artillery, it is true, but their hope of obtaining it through this contract must have been slim.

Oct. 31. 1777
We the Subscribers Benj. Franklin, Silas Deane, and Arthur Lee Esqrs. Commissioners of the United States of America on the one part and Rey de Morande of Cadiz on the other Part, have Covenanted and Contracted as follows. viz
1st. I the said Rey de Morande, as well in my own name as in the name of the House of Messrs. Rey and Brandenbourg of Cadiz do Covenant and engage to deliver at my own peril risk Cost and expence, in one or more of the Ports or Harbours of Virginia or Maryland, or the Ports of Boston Philadelphia, New London, or Portsmouth in New Hampshire, The Quantity of six thousand five hundred Quintals of Iron Cannon, of which there shall be eighty Eight pieces carrying Balls of 12 lb. weight each and forty seven pieces carrying balls of six lb.; making together one hundred and thirty five pieces and weighing 4200 Quintals: Also twenty eight pieces carrying Balls of 24 lb. and seventeen pieces carrying Balls of 18 lb.; making together Forty five pieces and weighing 2300 Quintals and these last 45 pieces having each a Cross at the mouth: and I do engage that the whole of the aforesaid Cannon making 180 in number, are of good sweedish Iron, and have been examined and proved by firing in the usual manner, by the Officers of Artillery of his Catholic Majesty.
2ly. I the said Rey de Morande do engage to defray the Expences of Lading or Shipping the Tobacco which is to be delivered in Payment for the said Cannon.
3. We the said Benj. Franklin, Silas Deane, and Arthur Lee, do Covenant and engage in behalf of the Congress of the United States of America that the before mentioned Cannon, being duly delivered in one or more of the Ports above specified, there shall be furnished and delivered to the Captain or Captains bringing the said Cannon or to the Bearer of a Letter of Attorney executed for that Purpose by the house of Rey and Brandenbourg before named one Quintal and a half, of good and Merchantable Tobacco, for each Quintal of the Cannon before mentioned: the said Tobacco to be provided and delivered in any of the Ports of Virginia or Maryland, which the Representatives of the said Rey and Brandenbourg shall chuse or appoint.
4 We also engage that the expences of Landing or unlading the Cannon before mentioned, shall be defrayed by the Congress of the said united States.
5th. We do moreover engage that if the Quantity of 9750 Quintals of Tobacco for the Payment of the said 6500 Quintals of Cannon, shall not be provided and ready for delivery as aforesaid, within three Calendar months after the arival and Delivery of the said Cannon then and in that Case, there shall be paid by the said Congress after the Rate of Fifty Quintals of Tobacco for each months delay beyond the said three months, as an indemnification to the said Rey and Brandenbourg, for the Expences and damages arising from such Delay. In Witness whereof the Parties before named have interchangeably subscribed their names at Paris, the thirty first of October one thousand seven Hundred and Seventy seven.
Rey DE MorandeB. FranklinSilas DeaneArthur Lee

Endorsed by Franklin: Contract for Cannon With Rey Morande


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Barbeu-Dubourg, 31 October 1777
From: Barbeu-Dubourg, Jacques
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur et cher Maitre
A Paris ce 31e. 8bre. 1777.
J’ai l’honneur de vous recommander
1° M. le Chevalier du Gravier, ami de M. Coder, Officier d’artillerie du plus grand merite, qui part pour Bordeaux sa patrie où son ami m’assure qu’il peut vous etre d’une utilité infinie; il vous expliquera mieux que moi en quoi, et comment. Il ne desire que de vous etre presente.
2° M. de Livoys Officier de marine actuellement au service des Americains pour courir sur les Anglois. Il demande d’etre annoncé a ses Compatriotes d’adoption comme un bon frere. Je joins icy la lettre que j’ai reçue a son sujet de la part de son Oncle qui est un tres digne homme, et un tres bon voisin. J’ai l’honneur d’etre avec un inviolable attachement, Mon cher Maitre, Votre tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur
Dubourg

Je reçois dans le moment un billet de M. Coder qui me marque que ce M. Des Granges a eté chassé par M. de Montieu pour avoir laissé penettrer ses mysteres, etc., etc., et que Des Granges et tous les garçons tailleurs veulent s’en venger sur lui Coder . . .

Notation: Du Bourg, Paris 31 8b. 1777


Title: The Committee for Foreign Affairs to the American Commissioners, 1 November 1777
From: Committee for Foreign Affairs
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Honorable Gentlemen
York Town Pensylvania1 Novemr. 1777
This will be delivered to you by Colo. Ewing of Baltimore in Maryland, who goes to France on affairs of commerce, and whom we recommend to your civilities as a Gentleman of worth, who has in arms contended for the liberty of America. We are &ca. Signed
R. H. LeeJ. Lovell
To the Honble. B. Franklin, S. Deane, & A. Lee Esqrs.


Title: John Philip Merckle to the American Commissioners, 1 November 1777
From: Merckle, John Philip
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Deane, Silas,Lee, Arthur

Messieurs,
Amsterdam 1 9bre 1777.
La presente vous sera remis par Monsieur H. Godet, beaufils du Gouverneur de St. Eustatius, qu’il sera bien aise de faire votre connoissance, comme je n’en doute pas, que vous m’aurez aussi bon grée vous l’avoire recomandé. Il est tres innutille de faire ses l’uenges [louanges], car sa Personne est assez distinguez est [et] recomandable, pour que je puise douter, que vous ne lui fairiés pas le meullieur acquéil, d’autant plus qu’il s’interresse beaucoup a tout ce qu’il vous est le plus cher. Le dit Monsieur Godet a fait Personnellement connoissence avec Monsieur Simon Deane, chez moi etant ici, cependent sans lui connoitre. J’ay l’honneur d’etre avec respect Messieurs votre tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur
John. Ph. Merckle
The Honnoble B. Franklin and Silas Deane Esqueiers

Addressed: The Honnble B. Franklin and Silas Deane Esqueiers Paris
Endorsed: Joh Ph Merckle Amsterdam 1 Nov. 1777


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Arthur Lee, 1 November 1777
From: Lee, Arthur
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Challiot Novembr. 1st. 1777.
Mr. A. Lee presents his Compts. to Dr. Franklin and begs to have the Papers he mentiond to Dr. Franklin, namely Count Vergennes’s Letter, the last Memoire to him, the last Letter to the Committee, and the list of Stores shipt from Marsailles.
Mr. L. sends a Newspaper, which Mr. Izard borrowd and desird him to return.

Addressed: The Honble / Benjamin Franklin / a / Passi
Endorsed: Ar. Lee to BF. Nov. 1. 1777.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Comte de Buffon, 2 November 1777
From: Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc, comte de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Au Jardin du Roi ce 2. 9bre. 1777
M. de Buffon fait trop de cas des occasions de voir Monsieur franklin pour manquer celle qu’il a la bonté de lui offrir: il aura donc l’honneur de se rendre jeudy avant deux heures à Passy et il lui fait en attendant mille complimens et à Monsieur son fils.