Title: To George Washington from John Parke Custis, 26 July 1780
From: Custis, John Parke
To: Washington, George

						Hond Sir
						Mt Vernon July 26th 1780

					I returned to this Place from the Assembly, the Night before last, and had the Pleasure of meeting my Mother in good Health, and have also the Pleasure to inform You that Mrs Washington and Mrs Lewis were well as I past through Frederiksburg, Colo. Lewis was in a bad state of Health, and is gone to the Mountains, which I hope will recover Him.
					The Assembly met on the first Day of May, and sat untill the thirtenth of July, a Space of Time, one would think, sufficiently long, to consider off, and adopt proper Modes for the next Year, whether they have mispent their Time, or not, the different Laws they have past, and their Effects, will shew—I never remember to have seen so much Contention, and the Members so equally divided on several important Matters as in the last Session; My own Indisposition, and Nelly’s Situation, prevented my attendance in the early Part of the Session, and was not present, when the Plan of Finance recommended by Congress, was first considered by the House, after a very long and warm Debate, which was managed by P. Henry, the Speaker, and Braxton against the Plan, and Mason and R. H. Lee in Support of it. It was rejected by 76 to 26, the Subject was brought on again, after I got down, and the Debates were equally long and warm, when it was determined to adopt the Plan, by 45 to 42 a Majority of only three. In Consequence of the Adoption, we have past an Act, to call in our Proportion of the Continental Debt, and our state Emissions by the fifteenth Day of September 1781, at three several Payments, viz. in January, April, and September, by a Tax of thirty Pounds Paper, for every Hundred Pounds specie a Man is worth, His Property to be assess’d as it would have sold for in ready Money in 1774, to be paid at each of the foregoing Periods, exclusive of a Pole Tax on Whites, a Tax on Cattle, Carriages, Spirits distilled in the state, Marriages & ordinary Licences, all which are nominally excessive high, but may be paid in specie, or the new Bills of Congress, at a Discount of 40 for one, and in certain Specificks, at stated Prices, viz. Tobacco Hemp, flax, and Flour—This Act has occasioned much Uneasiness in the lower Counties, where the People have been much prejudiced against it, by the Machinations of those, whose private Schemes of wealth, and Villainy

are in a great Measure frustrated by it; but I hope the good Effects will soon be felt, and the People will be convinced, that their real Friends, were those who espoused the Act. It must be allowed, that the Taxs are excessive, but yet industry, and Frugality, will I am convinced enable those, who will practice them, to pay their Tax without much Injury to their Principle—An act was past empowering the Govr to appoint Persons in each County, to wait on every Individual, and seize the half of every Kind of Provision, He had to spare, leaving only sufficient to last the Family untill the first of December next, by which means, I hope a large Supply will be collected, they will certainly procu[r]e an amaseing Quantity of Corn, and Spirits. the Proportion of salted Meat, will I fear be not so great. the Seizures have been already made in most Counties, and I wish We could fall on a more expeditious way of conveying the Provision to Camp, than we have generally done. I think it might be sent with safety by Sea, to Philaa or any other Port, as our good Allies are arrived, and have the Command of the Sea but this I shall leave to better Judges—Early in the Session an Act was past, for embodying, and marching 2500 Militia to S. Carolina, some Counties have gaind much Honour by sending all the Men required of them, but others have fallen short most disgracefully, by which, scarce two thousand will be carried into the Field; the Assembly took the appointment of the Officers on themselves, several of whose Characters You are well acquai⟨n⟩ted with; and I make no Doubt will be surprized how such Men could gain their Interest—Colo. Stevens from Culpeper, a good Officer I believe, is appointed Brigadier General, Stubblefeild second in Command, spencer a Colonel, and Faulkner a Colo. these Men have been in the Army, and I believe are not distinguis⟨hed⟩ by their good Conduct. I could wish Stevens had better officers under Him, He might perhaps regain, a little of Virginia’s lost Credit—The recruiting Act, which ought to have been the first, was almost the last Act past; and I fear will not be agreable to Your Wish, it is determined to raise three thousand Men, for eighteen Months, from the Time they are rendezvou’d, by a Draft, if not raised by such a Day by voluntary Inlistment, it is directed by the Act that every fifteen Men of the Militia, shall raise a Man for the eighteen Months, by Subscription among themselves, to be levied according to the Property in each district, and in Case they do not get a Man otherwise, than an indiscrimanate Draft to take Place among the fifteen, and the Man so drafted, must go, or find an able substitute, or He may be cleared, by takeing up a Deserter from the Army, and delivering Him to an Officer; I am in Hopes altho only 3,000 Men are voted, more will be procured as every fiftenth Man in the Militia, Officers included are to be drafted—I could have wishd and think it practicable, to have raised 5000 instead of three, and for the War instead of eighteen Months, but it has been

determined otherwise by our Politicians, who I think in this, as well as other Matters are very short sighted—With much Difficulty an Act passed, empowering the Govr to declare Martial Law in case of actual Invasion, and to order out any Number of Militia, which He with the Advice of Council may think necessary, for the Defence of this, or the Neighbouring States; and to enable Government to act, with a little Vigour; an Act passed for the Emission of 2000000 of Pound⟨s⟩ to be redeem’d at forty for one, by a Tax of one Shilling Specie, on every Glass Window, and an additional Tax on Rum &c. this Money to be drawn in by 1785; An Act for the Punishment of Offences inferior to Treason concluded the Session. This I think a very proper Law, as the Tories (I am sorry to say it) appear more numerous, & impudent, than in 1776, but the Establishment of martial Law, and this latter Act, I trust will be found sufficient to curb their Insolence; A Number of the Members, at the Breaking up of the Session, entered into an Association, the Purport of which was, to exert ourselves in carrying the several Acts into Execution, and to endeavour to rouse the People from their Lethargy which I hope will become general through the State; as We ordered Copies to be printed and sent to the different Counties—I have now Sir given You a Detail of the several Matters that came before the Assembly, as well as my Memory serves Me.
					We had not any certain Accounts from Carolina for several Weeks before I left Richmond, by the last the Militia were recovering from their Surprize, and turning out with a good deal of Spirit. the Enemy had not advanced from Camden, and I hope the Force in N. Carolina, will put a stop to their farther Progress.
					Nelly joins Me in every Sentiment of regard, and wishing every Success and am Hond Sir most sincerely Yr most Affecte

						J. P. Custis


Title: From George Washington to Major General Nathanael Greene, 26 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

						Sir,
						Head Quarters [Preakness, N.J.] July 26. 1780

					I have just received the inclosed plan for conducting the Quarter Master General’s department of the 15th instant, which I transmit for your government. With the greatest esteem I am Sir Your most Obedt servant.


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 26 July 1780
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

						Dear General
						New Port. July 26th 1780

					By a Variety of Intelligence from various Quarters (all which agree) the Enemy intend to make an Attempt on the Fleet and Army of our Great and good Ally at this place I have Called for the neighbouring militia of Massachusetts, and the Whole of this State, Have also requested the Council of Massachusetts to send all the three months militia this Way except those of the Counties of Hampshire & Berkshire Whilst these are Collecting with the Advise of the marquiss I shall call on

Governor Trumbull to send One Thousand militia from the nearest Towns of Connecticut, to Rendezvous at Greenwich. I have the Honor to be with the Greatest respect Your Excellencys most Obedt Servt

						W. Heath

						P.S. The Fleet off the harbour from their first appearanc have kept nearly the Same Station, to the Eastward of Block Island.

							W.H.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 26 July 1780
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

						Dear Sir
						Highlands [N.Y.] 26th July 1780

					I inclose your Excellency the Feild Returns I have received—I expect them all in to Day & they shall be forwarded to Morrow—I recd your Favor demandg them the Day before yesterday, & instantly issued Orders thereupon—I have scarcely a moment to add that all you require shall be most faithfully performed.
					The Enemy are certainly intending, at least did intend some Enterprize—The inclosed is an Extract from the Letter of a confidential Correspondent dated the 25th Inst:—Mr Ezard who was Envoy for Congress at Berlin is now with me, & Col. Sears—they intend for Head Quarters to Morrow. About three thousand Arms came from Albany—one half without Bayonets—Not so many Arms I am persuaded are missing, as you Sir imagine, tho’ too many are gone, I shall set about the Inquiry you wish—the Order is out already, & every Measure shall be pursued—Be assured Dear Sir, few or none have gone off since I

commanded, of which the Army can testify—Genl Poor will account for his to-Morrow. I am Dear Sir (in great Haste) but with all imaginable Respect Your Excellency’s most obedient Servant

						R. Howe

						P.s. I have directed the Recruits to be Distinguish’d in the Returns which will give them to your Excellency at one View[.] two Flags sent Down to carry Persons at the request of Governor Clinton have been detaind this ten days which plainly Indicates the Enemy have some operation they wish to Conceal.


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 26 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

						Sir
						Head Quarters Bergen County 26 July 1780

					Having recd information that there were considerable numbers of Cattle and Horses in Bergen Neck, within reach of the enemy, and having reason to suspect that they meant shortly to draw all supplies of that kind within their lines, I detached Brigadier Genl Wayne on the 20th

with the 1st and 2d Penna Brigades with four peices of Artilley attached to them, and Colo. Moylans Regt of Dragoons to bring them off. I had it also in contemplation, to attempt, at the same time, the destruction of a Block House erected at Bulls ferry, which served the purposes of covering the enemy’s wood Cutters and giving security to a Body of Refugees by whom it was garrisoned, and who committed depredations upon the well affected inhabitants for many miles round.
					General Wayne having disposed of his troops in such a manner as to guard the different landing places on the Bergen shore, upon which the enemy might throw over troops from York Island to intercept his retreat, and having sent down the Cavalry to execute the business of driving off the stock, he proceeded with the 1st 2d and 10th Regiments and the Artillery to the Block House, which he found surrounded by an Abattis and Stockade. He for some time tried the effect of his Feild peices upon it, but tho’ the fire was kept up for an hour, they were found too light to penetrate the logs of which it was constructed. The troops during this time, being galled by a constant fire from the loop Holes of the house, and seeing no chance of making a breach with Cannon—those of the 1st and 2d Regiments, notwithstanding the utmost efforts of the Officers to restrain them, rushed through the Abattis to the foot of the Stockade, with a view of forcing an entrance, which was found impracticable. This act of intemperate Valor was the cause of the loss we sustained, and which amounted in the whole to three Officers wounded—15 non Commd and privates killed and 46 non Commd and privates wounded. The wounded Officers are Lieutenants Hammond and Crawford of the 1st and Lieut. D’Haart of the 2d the last since dead. I cannot but mention his death with regret, as he was a young Gentleman of amiable qualities and who promised fair to be servicable to his Country.
					The Dragoons in the mean time drove off the Stock which were found in the Neck—The Sloops and wood Boats in the dock near the Block House were burnt and the few people on board them made prisoners.
					I have been thus particular, lest the account of this Affair should have reached Philada much exaggerated, as is commonly the case upon such occasions. I have the honor &.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Lafayette, 26 July 1780
From: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de
To: Washington, George

						My dear General
						Newport july the 26th 1780

					every private intelligence from long island, and also the letter from General howe and the officer on the lines do Agree with the Note I have Receiv’d from C[o]l[on]el hamilton, and are all positive upon it that General clinton With a Great part of his Army is Coming to Attak the french troops.

					in Consequence of this Count de Rochambeau is fortifying Both islands and Making preparations of defense—he has Requested our Calling immediately a Body of Militia which demand has been Complied With By general heath.
					After Many intelligences had been Receiv’d I did yet persist in disbelieving the Report, But they Now Come from So Many quarters that I am oblig’d to Yeld to the General idea and expect them in a little time.
					I have no doubt But that in the Course of the day we will Receive Some orders and Some intelligences from head quarters—the french Generals have ask’d me if Your army was in a situation to make a diversion or if a part of it Would not be March’d immediately to our Relief—My answer was that if You Was able to do one or the other You would Certainly not loose a minute, But that I Could not tell them any thing positive, that however I thought You would Come Nearer to Newyork than You Was, when at preakaness.
					All the last day has been employ’d or in Viewing the Camp with Count de Rochambeau or in helping General heath in his Arrangements—this Morning the Count is Gone to Recconnoitre the Grounds on the island—we dine together at the Admiral’s and I will if possible Begin our Conversation on our affairs exclusive of what we are Now expecting from the ennemy.
					in Case You Was to Send Some troops this Way, I Wish I Might Get Notice in such a time as to have Some cloathing kept on the Road But in all Cases we Should take some Well looking and well drest men—that I only mention as a mere Supposition.
					if the ennemy Mean Regular approaches the french Generals Say that they would Give time for a Succour to Come—in all Suppositions I don’t think the french will be able to form a junction Before Some time, as they Can’t leave the island Before the fifteenth of Next Month (in supposing that they are not attak’d) they have Many Sick—But I will Soon be able to tell You more about it, and had not those intelligences Been so pressing I Might have By this time fully Spoken on our affairs with the french Generals.
					for My part, My dear General, till orders from You fix any thing I am to do I will stay here under General heath’s orders and help him to the Best of My skill—as soon as Any thing important Comes to us I will send you an expres.
					from private inquiries I hope the fleet Will furnish us with Some powder—as to the Militia who are Call’d By general heath, the french army will Spare to them Such provisions as may be Wanted. I have the honor to be with the Most perfect Respect and tender affection Your Most obedient humble servant

						Lafayette


Title: From George Washington to Major General Benjamin Lincoln, 26 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Lincoln, Benjamin

						Dear Sir
						Head Quarters [Preakness, N.J.] July 26th 1780

					I transmit you the inclosed letter from Sir Henry Clinton in answer to your’s of the 5th Instant. I am exceedingly sorry to find that he seems to involve your Exchange with that of the Southern Army & to make it depend upon it. At this time, for the reasons I mentioned to you, & others which will readily occur, an Exchange of privates could not possibly be gone into with the least degree of policy—and under any circumstances of an extensive exchange, the release of the Officers on Long Island, who have been so long in captivity, must be first attended to. If you think a personal interview between you and Major General Phillips may conduce in the smallest degree to your own liberation, I shall be happy to promote it, as far as it can depend on me. Wishing

you health & happiness I am, Dear Sir Your most Obedt & Affectionate humbe servt

						Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons, 26 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Parsons, Samuel Holden

						Sir
						Head Quarters near Passaic Falls [N.J.] July 26th 1780.

					I have been duly favored with your Letter of the 21st Inst.
					The non arrival of the Arms expected with the french fleet, will occassion a consideral deficiency in that article, and render a supply from the States necessary—I have already made application to Governor Trumbull for two thousand Stand, from the State of Connecticut.
					It is much to be regretted that the preparations of every kind are so backward, and that the exertions of the States have not been attended with greater effect—Should the States furnish their quota of men and supplies agreeable to the requisition, New York would undoubtedly be the object—And in the mean time, our measures for forwarding the preparations ought not to be suffered to relax.
					I think it may be adviseable for the Gentlemen you mention, to form Volunteer Companies, on the conditions proposed; to be called into service, in case an offensive operation sh⟨ould⟩ take place against New York—And I doubt not you will use your utmost efforts to have ⟨the⟩

Levies for the Continental Battalions broug⟨ht⟩ forward without delay. I am, with great esteem Sir Your Most Obedt.


Title: From George Washington to Benoît-Joseph Tarlé, 26 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Tarlé, Benoît-Joseph de

						Sir
						Head Quarters Bergen County 26th July 1780

					I have been honored by the receipt of your favr of the 15th—I should be happy that the little assistance which I was able to give Monsieur De Corny might have contributed in any degree to the completion of the arrangements committed to his care.
					Your assurances of making all your future dispositions accord as far as possible with those of the American Army, merit my acknowlegements, and will be undoubtedly attended with very salutary consequences—You may depend that I shall with pleasure do every thing in my power to assist your operations to contribute to the accommodation of the troops of his most Christian Majesty and to testify with how much consideration I have the honor to be Yr most ob. and humble Servt.


Title: General Orders, 27 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

						Head Quarters Precaness Thursday July 27th 1780

							Parole Maryland.
							 Countersigns Naples, Now.W: Word Prepare

					[Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Lieutenant Colonel Mentges[,] Brigade Major Van Lëar
					The Army will hold itself in readiness to march at the shortest notice.
					The Two rifle companies directed to be formed in the order of yesterday will for the present only consist of twenty rank and file ⅌ Company, they are to be completed to forty two from the Levies who are fit for this Service, as fast as they arrive.
					At a General Court martial whereof Colonel Butler is President the 14th Instant Captain John Reily was tried on the following Charges.
					“1st Disobedience of orders—also unofficerlike and ungentleman-like behavior, by first informing his commanding officer that he was fit for duty and not returning to it for upwards of nine months after said declaration.
					“2d For instead of joining his regiment and doing duty in the same, he applied himself to making money by following his former profession to the prejudice of the regiment he belonged to in particular and to the United States in General.
					“3d For claiming rank in the 3d Pennsylvania regiment upwards of nine Months after he informed the commanding officer he would not again join it.”
					The Court are of opinion with respect to the charge of disobedience of orders exhibited against Captain Reilly that although he did not return to Camp agreeable to the order of Colonel Craige his situation with respect to health excuses him for a breach of it and they do therefore acquit him of that Charge—With respect to the first instance of unofficerlike and ungentlemanlike behavior, in the second Charge against Captain Reilly it appears to the Court that Captain Reilley did inform his Commanding officer that he was fit for duty, when at the same time it appears by his Allegations he did not consider himself in that situation which Conduct they consider unofficerlike and ungentlemanlike and a breach of that part of Article 5th Section 18th of the Articles of War which respects disorderly conduct; It also appears that Captain Reilley did not return to his duty for upwards of nine Months after he declared to his Commanding Officer he was fit for duty, but the situation of Captain Reilleys health in their opinion excuses him for not returning to it and they do therefore acquit him of this part of the Charge: With respect to the 2nd instance under the 2nd Charge, it does not appear to the Court that while Captain Reilley was absent from

his regiment he applied himself to making Money as charged: they do therefore acquit him of unofficer and ungentlemanlike behavior in this instance.
					With respect to the third instance under the second Charge it does not appear to the Court that Captain Reilley’s conduct was unofficerlike or ungentlemanlike: The Court do sentence Captain Reilley to be reprimanded in the orders of the Brigade to which he belongs.
					The Commander in Chief approves the Sentence of the Court and orders it to be carried into Execution.
					The officers for the Companies of riflemen are to be such as are acquainted with the nature of that service.
					A Captain sub. and three serjeants are to be appointed to each Company of riflemen from the regiments from which the men are drafted.
					Captain Simpson is to be relieved immediately by a Captain from the second Pennsylvania Brigade.

						After Orders
						Two subs. Two serjeants two Corporals and twenty five privates to parade tomorrow morning at Guard mounting on the Grand Parade with their Arms Packs and two days Provisions.


Title: To George Washington from the Board of War, 27 July 1780
From: Board of War
To: Washington, George

						Sir,
						War-Office [Philadelphia] July 27. 1780.

					We have been honoured with your Excellency’s letter of the 18th instant; and to enable us to comply with your demands for shot & shells & the other principal articles in general Knox’s returns, we laid before Congress the estimates of which the inclosed are copies; & reported the resolutions thereon which Congress were pleased to adopt, copies of which are likewise herewith transmitted.
					In consequence of general Knox’s information that six 24 pound cannon might be procured, we took the liberty to reduce the number of 12 lb. shot in his estimate, & to propose the procuring so many 24 lb. shot as should be equivalent to that reduction. This alteration corresponds with the wishes of general Knox, and we doubt not will meet your Excellency’s approbation.
					You will perceive by the estimate that we have only doubled general

Knox’s of October 5th 1779; without adding one third part for the greater length of days at this time: because we can scarcely hope with every possible exertion to procure powder for the double estimate alone; and because from present appearances the commencement of the intended operations Will be postponed till the days are again much shortened. But if, notwithstanding, it is your opinion that one third part should be added to the estimate, we will take our measures accordingly: and we beg leave to assure your Excellency that nothing depending on us shall remain unattempted which you shall think requisite for the accomplishment of your designs against the enemy.
					We write by this express to General Knox, to desire him to set Faesh’s and Ogden’s furnaces to work; and propose his sending a proper officer to Mr Gale’s furnace at Stafford (which is 18 miles from Enfield, and 34 from Norwich landing) in Connecticut—to Brown’s furnace in the state of Rhode-Island, and to the furnaces at Bridgewater and its neighbourhood in Massachusetts-Bay; all which we conceive may be advantageously employed, as the land-carriage need not be considerable to the waters communicating with the Sound. If Livingston’s furnace in the manor of Livingston can be engaged in this business, we suppose, from its situation, it may be more beneficially employed than any other whatever.
					As we ought on this occasion to explore every possible resource for procuring gunpowder, we took the liberty, in the letter accompanying our report, of suggesting to Congress the expediency of applying for aid, in this essential article, from the magazines of France and Spain in the West Indies: but what, or whether any measures are proposed to be taken in consequence thereof, we are not informed.
					Your Excellency may perhaps be surprized that, at this late period, and when our allies are actually arrived for the purpose of cooperating with us in an enterprize of such magnitude and importance as the siege of New-York, the greater part of the necessary stores are yet to be provided. But lest any inattention should be attributed to this board, we beg leave to assure you, that we never had the least intimation of any intended offensive operations against the enemy, or of any aid of ships or troops expected from France, till the arrival of the marquis de la Fayette; and then only from private report. Your letter of the 4th instant was the first official account we ever received on the subject. We have the honour to be with the greatest respect your Excellency’s most obedient servants. In behalf & by order of the board

						Tim: Pickering


Title: To George Washington from Colonel David Forman, 27 July 1780
From: Forman, David
To: Washington, George

						Sir
						Freehold [N.J.] Wednesday 27[1–30] July 1780

					I was Hond with your Excellancys favr of the 24th by Capt. Rudolph respecting the Hornd Cattle and Horses from the parts of Shrewsberry and Middle Town that I had the Honr to mention to your Excellancy when I was at Camp—Majr Lee had Marched all his Horse previous to my Geting the Letter for East Town, Except Capt. Rudolphs Troops about 24 in Number—from a Conviction that so few Was Intirely unequal to the Task I procurd press War[ren]ts to march about Thirty of the Militia to Operate with him—Yesterday Morning Capt. Rudolph I Expect began to Collect from the Sea board Side of Shrewsberry.
					I fear his Sucksess will not be so Considerable As I Expected Occasioned by an Order major Lee had given the Inhabitents the Week

before to drive up all those dry Cattle—That Order will I apprehend induce the People to Secret part of them—Since Major Lee has been in this Country I have not so Immediately Attended to procureing Intiligence On the presumption the Major would fully Answar every purpose—Since he went away I have not had it in my Power to forward Any Accts for the want of Horsemen—Enclosed you Excly will have a Couple of London & New York papers—They have been several Days in my Hands—I have Accts from New York Last Week that Sir Henry Clinton Was Imbarking part of his Army at Helgate—That some of his Transports were as high up the Sound As Frogs Point—The Conjecture was that he was going to Rhode Island.

						Saturday Evening
						The Gent. by whom I Expected to have sent the foregoing disappointed me—This day Capt. Rudolph Called on me for the dispatches your Excly had Intrusted to my care for The French Genl & Andml—He shewed me Your Exclys Letter requesting my delivering them to him which I recd as an order & delivered them to Capt. Rudolph.
						From Capt. Rudolphs Activity I hope a Very Considerable Number of Beef Cattle will be got, he Yesterday drove up one days Collection to this Village He Says 100 fit for Immediate use & 60 that will be fit for Killing in Two Weeks—in all 160 Head—from the Scope of Country he has Taken the Cattle from, when Compared to What he yet has to drive I presume he will Collect Near 1000 Head in Shrewsberry and Middle Town.
						The British Fleet have never Appeard since they sailed from Opposite Black Point on Wednesday the Nineteenth—Report says they are Before Rhode Island. I have The Honr to be your Exclys Most Obdt Humble servt

							David Forman

						Sunday Morning
						I have this Minute recd Accts That 33 Square rigg’d Vessells Come from the Southward and Stood in for Sandy Hook—My Intelligencer Says they Appeared to him Transports—& No Ships of War Largeer then Frigates—I have not yet received any Accounts of them from my Intelligencer on The High Lands of Middle Town, On him I principally depend for Nice observation.
						Should his Intelligence Relative to Them Meterially differ from The prest Your Excly shall have it.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 27 July 1780
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

						Sir
						Camp [Preakness, N.J.] July 27th 1780

					I have the honor to enclose your Excellency, for your consideration, a letter which I received last evening from Mr Olney. you will be pleased to inform me what directions I shall give Mr Olney and am Sir, your Excellency’s, most obdt hume Servt

						Nath. Greene Q.M.G.


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 27 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

						Dr Sir
						Head Quarters [Preakness, N.J.] 27th July 1780

					I have successively received your several favors of the 12th 16th and two of the 21st.
					What you have done with respect to the deserters from Col. Green’s Regt is conformable to my views. A pardon may be extended to all other deserters in your quarter, and to give it the more efficacy, I shall as soon as I have time, send you a proclamation to this purpose.
					I have taken measures, as to the cruisers from Delaware, for advertising the 2d division of the present position of the enemy’s fleet, and their seeming intentions. Under the appearances of the enemy, it was very proper to stop the march of Col. Green’s Regiment. I am Dr Sir, your obt servt

						Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 27 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

						Sir
						Head Qrs near Passaic Falls [N.J.] July 27. 1780

					I am to request that you will be pleased, on receipt of this, to put the troops under your Command in motion as soon as may be: except the

New-Hampshire Brigade & such of the Militia as you may judge necessary for the Garrison of West Point & its dependencies.
					You will direct the N. York, Connecticut & Massachusetts Lines, and the remainder of the Militia, to march successively in the order here mentioned, to some good position in the vicinity of Kings Ferry, on the East side of the river, and advise me of the time, when you may be expected there with the troops—It should be recommended in the most forcible & pointed manner to the Officers; to divest themselves of as much of their Baggage as possible, to be deposited at West Point, Fish Kill, or such place of safety as they may think proper.
					The Quarter Master should also be directed to have all the Boats compleatly in repair, & ready for service on the shortest notice.
					I am further to entreat that you will give Majr Tallmadge instruction, to keep a vigilent look-out on the Sound, & give the earliest intelligence of any Movement which may be made by the Enemys shipping in that quarter. I am Sir with great esteem & regard Your Most Obedt Hbl. Servt

						G. Washington


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 27 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

						Sir
						Head Quarters Bergen County 27th July 1780

					By advices received last night from the Count de Rochambeau, I am informed that the British Fleet were off Block Island on the 22d instant. I have at his request transmitted this intelligence to the Minister of France—I have also received intelligence from New York that a number of troops were embarked on board Transports in the Sound. It is given out that Sir Henry Clinton is determined upon making an attempt upon the French Troops on Rhode Island. I shall in consequence of these advices put the Army here and at the Highlands in readiness to act as circumstances may require. I have the honor to be with the greatest Respect Sir Your Excellency’s Most obt and humble Servt

						Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to La Luzerne, 27 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: La Luzerne, Anne-César, chevalier de

						Sir
						Head Quarters [Preakness, N.J.] 27th July 1780

					I have the honor to inclose your Excellency a letter which has just come to hand from the Count de Rochambeau of the 22d instant. It is certainly of great importance that the precaution he mentions should be taken without loss of time. I should think the Delaware the best place for the reception of the 2d division, though there ought to be cruisers off both capes. It is necessary a plan should be previously fixed for the junction of the fleets after the debarkation. I shall immediately write the Count for this purpose.
					We have repeated accounts from New-York that General Clinton is making a large detachment for a combined attack upon the French fleet and army. This will be a hazardous attempt, and therefore, though I do not regard it as impossible, I do not give it entire faith. The Count De Rochambea has been some time since apprized of these demonstrations, and seems to have been preparing for what might happen. I have the honor to be with every sentiment of respect and attachment Your Excellency’s most obt & hble servt

						Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons, 27 July 1780
From: Parsons, Samuel Holden
To: Washington, George

						Dr General
						Reading [Redding, Conn.] 27th July 1780

					Before you receive this you will be informd that the french Fleet are blockd up in Rhode Island by fifteen Ships most of them large; as every Mov’ment of the Enemy may now be of Importance; I think it my Duty to inform you that about fourteen Transports, Square rig’d Vessels, supposd to have Troops on Board arriv’d at Huntington from the

Westward the Night before last, and Yesterday Two british Ships Touchd in at Huntington from the Eastward on which the whole Fleet weighd & stood Westward & are out of Sight.
					Accounts are that the Troops incampd near East Chester imbarkd last Sunday at white Stone if so tis probable this Fleet is the whole or part of them the Occasion of their Return is more likely to be truly accounted for by your Excellency than by any Conjecture I can make.
					Col. Simcoe with about 500 Men is gone East to sweep all from Long Island—I intend to Morrow to go to the Governor & Council once more on the Subject of our Recruits, about 1100 are gone forward, I hope such Orders will now be given as will give Reason soon to expect the Residue. I am Sr yr Obedt Servt

						Saml H. Parsons


Title: From George Washington to Joseph Reed, 27 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Reed, Joseph

						Head Quarters Bergen County 27th July 1780.near Falls of Passaic [N.J.]
						Dear Sir

					I have no scruple of announcing to you, that New York is the object of my preparations, and, if the respective States comply with the requisitions made on them, there is a well grounded hope of putting a speedy and happy termination to the War.
					Taking it for granted that the Militia of your State who were requested to rendezvous at Trenton by the 25th Inst. are there by this time, I have to request the favor of you to order them to join the Army under my

immediate command as soon as possible. Supposing they should not all have assembled, those which shall cross the Delaware at or below Trenton, may proceed by the Route of Princetown—Brunswic—Springfeild and Acquaquenack. Those at a⟨nd⟩ above Coryells Ferry may come by the way of Morris Town &ca to this place or whereever the Army ⟨m⟩ay be at the time; to know which the Comm⟨a⟩nding Officer would do well to send a person for⟨w⟩ard in time. I am with great Regard Dear Sir Yr most obt and humble Servt

						Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant General Rochambeau, 27 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de

						Sir
						Head Quarters [Preakness, N.J.] July 27th 1780

					I was yesterday honored with your letter of the 22d instant, which I immediately transmitted to His Excellency The Chevalier De la Luzerne. I am happy to learn the safe arrival of the missing transport at Boston. The precaution you recommend for giving notice to the second division is very necessary and important. It is probable the Delaware will be thought the best reception for the Troops, but I have taken the liberty to recommend that cruisers may be off both Bays. It appears to me essential that a plan should be preconcerted for the junction of the two Fleets. If the Troops are debarked in Delaware they can easily march to the point we wish and the transports will be in safety there. The Squadron may afterwards proceed where it shall be judged eligible. Will it not be adviseable that the Chevalier De Ternay should meet it as soon as possible with his directions for this purpose?
					The advices from New York of a combined attack upon your Fleet and Army continue. If it be really intended it is extraordinary that there should have been so much delay. The attempt will be a hazardous one; and therefore, though I do not think the appearances ought to be disregarded, as the object is great, yet I do not give intire credit to them. The plan reported is to embark the Troops in the Sound, and proceed that way to Rhode Island—while Admiral Greaves blocks up the Chevalier De Ternay. I have put the Army under Marching orders and shall make

such movements as may tend to disconcert the enemy while at the same time, they conduce to our ultimate object. With all the sentimen⟨ts⟩ of a perfect attachment I have the honor to be Sir Your Most Obet & hum. Servant

						Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant General Rochambeau, 27 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de

						Head Quarters near passaick falls [N.J.]27th July [1780] 10 oClock at night
						Sir

					I had the honor of addressing your Excellency this morning. I have Just received advice from New York confirming our accounts heither-to of an embarkation to proceed up the Sound to Rhode Island. It is said to consist of the principal part of the Enemy’s Army, commanded by General Clinton in person; and was to have sailed this morning from White stone a few miles on the east side of hell gate, Thirty six peices of heavy cannon of different calibers, with two mortars, provided with shells and carcases, are also said to have been embarked—The Army is already under marching Orders, and will without delay be put in motion towards New York, to endeavour to take advantage of General Clintons absence, or, at least, to embarrass and precipitate his movements. I have the honor to be With perfect Consideration and attachment Sir Your most Obedt humbe servant

						Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General John Stark, 27 July 1780
From: Stark, John
To: Washington, George

						Dear Genll
						Springfield [Mass.] 27th July 1780

					I arrived here the 25th Inst. & the day following the troops that were here moved on toward Cloverick; where, I am in hopes they will be able to rendesvous in three or four days at the farthest; a considerable Number had gone previous to my arrival, & nigh five Hundred moved yesturday, the remainder I expect will join in a few days. No exertions

or cost has been spared to procure men, and such only as are fit for Immediate service.
					If the states in General exert themselves by raising their quota’s of men, Horses & Provisions, with the same ardour that New Hampshire has done, and as I am convinced they will do; their exertions in Cooperation with the French Fleet already arrived, promises the most flattering and agreeable consequences. I shall leave town this evening, and pursue my rout for Cloverick, where I shall wish to hear from you as often as conveniency and opportunity will admit.
					In consequence of hearing that provisions was scarse at Cloverick, I ordered a drove of Oxen collected by the state of New-Hampshire, to move with the troops.
					The six months men are for the General part gone to West-Point, there is not more than thirty or forty here who I have directed to march Immediately, and what is still behind, is Hourly expected. That my conduct may Merit your Excellency’s approbation, is the highest Wish, of your most Obedient & very Humble Servant.

						John Stark


Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 27 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.

						Dear Sir
						Head Quarters Bergen County July 27th 1780

					I have the honor of Your Excellency’s favors of the 18th and 19th instants—Colo. Wadsworth has forwarded the map of new London which you were so kind as to furnish. It answers the purpose for which I principally wanted it, which was to show the draft of Water leading into the Harbour—I very much fear that we shall be obliged to transport our cloathing from France the whole way from Rhode Island by land, as it is much wanted, and as there will be no prospect of doing it by Water while the British Fleet maintains a superiority off the Harbour of New Port—I have written to mr olney to this effect, and must request Your Excellency’s aid and assistance to him in transporting it through your

State should he find himself under the necessity of asking it. You may be assured that the Troops of Connecticut shall have their full proportion of the Cloathing imported on Continental account.
					Should the navigation be secure I make not the least doubt but the Count De Rochambeau will prefer a Water transportation for a certain distance to a march by land. But should circumstances or his own inclinations make the latter necessary, I should hope that every exertion would be made to accommodate him in every respect.
					It would certainly be a very desirable thing to remove the cattle from the East end of Long Island, but in the present situation of matters it cannot be attempted. I have the honor to be With the highest respect & esteem Your Excellency’s Most obet hum. Servant

						Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Colonel James Wood, 27 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Wood, James

						Dear Sir
						Head Quarters Bergen County 27 July 1780

					Inclosed is a Copy of a relation given by a Mr Hoaksley Waggon Master Genl to the troops of Convention to Major Genl Phillips, respecting the treatment of those troops on the score of provision—The original of this paper has been transmitted to me by Sir Henry Clinton with a request that I would make enquiry into the matter. I am the more anxious to be fully informed upon this subject, as Major General Phillips has been pleased in his representation to Sir Henry Clinton to take the whole for granted and to make some very illiberal and unjustifiable remarks upon it—For my own part I am persuaded that you have paid every attention to the wants of the prisoners, and that if there has been at times a scarcity of provision, it has been owing to unavoidable accidents. I am Dear Sir &.


Title: General Orders, 28 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

						Head Quarters Pracaness Friday July 28th 1780.

							Parole .
							Countersigns L, P.Watchword Attention

					[Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Lieutenant Colonel Stewart[,] Brigade Major McGowan
					The Army, except the Jersey Brigade, will march tomorrow morning by the Left in the following order Vizt[:] Stirling’s Division[,] Park of Artillery[,] Flying Hospital[,] Baggage of General Staff[,] Pennsylvania Division[,] Baggage of the Army in the order of the Brigades[,] Quarter Master General’s Stores[,] Commissary Generals Stores[,] Cavalry which will detach patroles on the parallel roads of the right Flank.
					The General will beat at two o Clock: the Assemble at half past two and the march will commence precisely at three: Guards as usual. The Quarter Master General will furnish the route. The General expects the strictest regularity will be maintain’d in the March.
					Maxwell’s Brigade will remain on its present ground ’till further orders: the 3d Jersey regiment will immediately join it.

						After Orders
						The Quarter Master General is providing the Complement of Waggons to Transport the Tents and baggage of the Troops, but should there be a deficiency, it is not to prevent the march of the troops; small Guards are to be left with what cannot be carried away to follow as soon as possible.
						Lieutenant Colonel Mentges will command the rear and Lieutenant Colonel Stewart the Advance Guard tomorrow.
						Lieutenant Colonel Harmar will take the Command of the 7th pennsylvania regiment with the rank he now holds for the present.


Title: To George Washington from the Board of War, 28 July 1780
From: Board of War
To: Washington, George

						Sir
						War Office [Philadelphia] July 28th 1780

					In Consequence of your Excellency’s Letter on the Subject of the Jersey Arrangements the Board (fully sensible from Experience of the Justice of your Observations on the Impropriety of the individual States interfering in such Cases) reported the Matter to Congress in Hopes of an Alteration in the System being produced. But we are this Day informed that Congress have been pleased to negative our Report. Matters must therefore remain as they are until Congress shall alter their Sentiments on this Subject & restore Propriety to the Mode of arranging the Army. We cannot under present Circumstances issue the Commissions to the Jersey Officers from Considerations which must strike your Excellency on every View of the Subject. When the Government of the State transmitt us the Arrangement not a Moment shall be lost in sending your Excellency the Commissions. We have the Honour to be with the highest Respect & Esteem your very obedient Servants

						Richard PetersBy order & in Behalf of the Board


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General John Glover, 28 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Glover, John

						Dear Sir
						Head Quarters Bergen County 28th July 1780

					I have recd yours of the 19th and am pleased to hear that the Recruits from the State of Massachusetts are in general so good. You certainly took the proper steps with those few deemed unfit for the service. Inclosed is a letter for General Starke who I suppose will have arrived at Springfeild before this reaches you, but should he not, and the troops from New Hampshire be still there waiting for him, you will be pleased to order them as expeditiously as possible to Claverac—I cannot concieve the meaning of his ordering them to halt at Springfeild—I am in hopes from the accounts I have received that the greater part of the Massachusetts Levies will be got out without much difficulty, but should you find them begin to grow tardy in coming to the place of rendezvous, you will be pleased to take the most effectual measures for having those districts which are deficient called upon for their quotas. I am &.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 28 July 1780
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

						Dear Sir
						Highlands [N.Y.] 28th July 1780

					I received last Night a Letter from a faithful & intelligent Agent dated the 26th Inst:—of which the following is an Extract—“I think I can now give you a distinct Account of the Ships under Admiral Graves—one ninety, one Eighty, four seventy fours arrived with him—He has since been joined by two of sixty four two of fifty, three of forty Guns & three Frigates making in all sixteen Sail. With these on the 21st Inst: He appeared of[f] Newport Harbour, having left (as it is said) Sandy Hook on the 19th—Expresses have been frequently passing from the East End of Long Island to the Westward, & every Maneuvre of the Enemy indicates that they intend to act importantly some where—Sir Henry Clinton certainly embarked a large Body of Troops at White Stone Yesterday, & two Ships of the English Fleet went Westward through the Sound. Every Circumstance seems to Point out Rhode Island is their Object. Some Troops have been sent over to Long Island & they are making themselves very strong at Brookline, a Number of Heavy Cannon have been lately mounted. Col. Simcoe with a Detachment of six

Hundred Men has march’d to the East End of the Island—their Intention unknown—they took no Provision with them, but call on the Inhabitants for it, & are ordered not to pay for any thing in Suffolk County. A Letter has been written by Sir Harry Clinton to a Refugee of Distinction from New-Port, assuring him that if He or any of their Friends had an Inclination to visit their Homes, they might now do it safely by repairing immediately on Board the Fleet at New City Island—to which Place all the Refugees are ordered to repair, with the Whale Boats & other Crafts that they have, or can collect”—These Sir are the Informations given me by this Emissary who is, as I’ve said, a good one.
					I inclose your Excellency a Return of the 1st Connecticut, & 1st Massachusetts Brigades.
					An Express being just to set out to the Eastward, I shall transmit a Copy of the above Extract to Genl Heath—tho’ having directed all Intelligence which relates to him to be sent directly to him, I presume it will be done—& if the Fleet is off New-Port, he will not need any other Information.
					This Department is not furnished (by many) with a sufficient Quantity of Waggons to move the Army—this I desired the Quarter Master here to signify to my Friend Genl Greene, & therefore doubt not that every Thing necessary will be done that it is possible to effect.
					I have ordered the Public Horses which were at remote Pastures, to be brought to those where the[y] could more immediately be commanded—& have pursued & shall pursue all your past & future Directions. I am Dear Sir with the greatest Respect your Excellency’s most obedient & very Humble Servant

						Robert Howe

						P.S. hearing that a Deficiency of Arms may happen I have by Express requested Connecticut and Massachusets to lend us fifteen hundred Stand a piece, which I flatter my self may meet your Excellencys Approbation.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Francis Johnston, 28 July 1780
From: Johnston, Francis
To: Washington, George

						May it please Your Excellency,
						Philada July 28th 1780.

					Captain Henderson who carries this to Your Excellency, has the charge of forty Six Recruits or Volunteers—I shou’d have been happy had it been in my power to have forwarded a much larger number, but I had it not in my power, & I fear this business is nearly over—The Officers whom I sent into the respective Counties have return’d with very little success; a want of Cash, a want of proper Exertion in the County Lieutenants and the business of Harvest have all conspired in retarding the completion of the Volunteers; however I am happy in informing Your Excellency, that the Recruiting Service for the War goes on tolerably well, & I have not the least doubt but with good Officers & Music our Line might very soon be compleated as to numbers.
					Captain Henderson will shew Your Excelly the Route by which he marches—If it is agreeable to Your Excelly I shou’d be glad to be recall’d, there being very little probability of farther success in the business on which I came here. I have the honor to be Your Excellys Most Obt Servt

						F: Johnston


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Henry Knox, 28 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Knox, Henry

						Sir
						Hd qrs [Preakness, N.J.] July 28. 1780

					I have received Colo. Lamb’s Letter addressed to You, by which he desires You “to ask me, if ever Colo. Bigelow solicited me, to order a

Court of Enquiry into his conduct at the attack on Quebec, on the 31st Decr 1775.[”] In Answer to this question I can only say that I recollect something passed between Colo. Bigelow & Myself a long time ago. I believe soon after he returned from Canada on the subject of a report that was or had been in circulation respecting his conduct at the Attack on Quebec, which was rather injurious to his character as an officer; but what it was I can not now determine with precision. However I am rather inclined to believe that I mentioned the report to Colo. Bigelow and intimated that it might be necessary for him to clear it up, and that he said the affair was totally false & without foundation. Here I think it ended. I am sir &c.

						G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Henry Knox, 28 July 1780
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

						Dear Sir,
						Camp at Pracaness, 28 July 1780.

					The great demand we probably shall have for musket cartridges the present campaign must induce every exertion to procure as adequate supplies as possible. We have at Fishkill, West Point, and with the spare stores of this army, materials sufficient for six hundred thousand. I therefore take the liberty to propose that one hundred men be immediately set to work at Fishkill, or West Point, as shall be most convenient, and to request that Your Excellency would please to direct Gen. Howe to order seventy or eighty infantry and about twenty artillery men at this business. I have written particularly to Col. Lamb, commanding Officer of artillery at West Point, On this subject, who will direct the detail of the affair.
					Enclosed is a return of all the lead and musket cartridges I know of, and the places where they are deposited, by which you will be able to see at one glance how unequal the numbers are to the probable services of a siege. I have the honor to be, with the highest respect, Your Excellency’s most obedient servant

						H. Knox


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Stephen Moylan, 28 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Moylan, Stephen

						Dear Sir
						Head Quarters Bergen County 28th July 1780

					There is a necessity for moving the Army from this Ground tomorrow Morning, and as we have not a sufficiency of Waggons for the purpose, you will be pleased to divide the whole of your Horse into small parties and send them five or six Miles each way to make an impress—Sixty Waggons at least will be wanted, which are to be sent as they are collected to the Grand parade—They must if possible be there sometime in this Night as the troops are to march at three in the Morning. The people may be informed that they will be discharged in three days and perhaps sooner—Our move is of the utmost importance and you will for that reason direct the parties to be active in the execution of their business—The people should bring forage with their waggons. if possible. I am &.


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Phillips, 28 July 1780
From: Phillips, William
To: Washington, George

						Sir;
						New York July 28th 1780

					This letter will be delivered to you, Sir, by Messrs Randolph and Fitzhugh who return upon their general paroles.
					My motive in first procuring the liberty for these young Gentlemen going upon their paroles, I can assure Your Excellency, proceeded from an earnest desire to shew attention and Civility to the Families they are connected with, and from whom I received personally the greatest politeness.

					When their paroles were extended, upon a similar indulgence being granted to two Officers of their Rank, I did it with a view for their satisfaction in remaining with their friends and relations, but as Your Excellency has particular feelings on the Subject of the Parole Exchanges in question, I have obtained permission for the two Eldest Ensigns prisoners of War upon Long Island being allowed to go out from hence upon their paroles for the two Officers belonging to the Troops of Convention, Second Lieutenant Lord Torphichen and Second Lieutenant Hadden, who were permitted to come in on the extension of parole granted Messrs Randolph and Fitzhugh, and, as I before observed to Your Excellency, being desirous to mark the attention I bear the Characters who compose their families, who have upon all occasions shewed much Civility to me and such of the Officers of the Troops of Convention as have had their acquaintance, these Gentlemen will return upon a General parole with permission to remain with their families untill called for.
					Two families who live near the Barracks of the Troops of Convention in Virginia having solicited for the indulgence of parole being granted to Mr Martin, that American Officer will be allowed to go out upon the same general principle of parole.
					I cannot close this letter without mentioning to Your Excellency that, by the last letters I received from Virginia as well as in several former ones, there is the greatest commendation given of the humane and polite treatment of Colonel Wood the American Commandant at the Convention Barracks; that Gentleman having, upon all occasions, given every assistance to those Troops, and endeavoured as much as in his power to alleviate and prevent the distresses which have arisen from want of Provisions—As Mr Randolph will probably return to Virginia I could wish you will have the goodness, Sir, to let Colonel Wood know the Sense I have expressed to Your Excellency of that Officer’s honourable conduct towards the Troops of Convention. I have the honour to be, Sir, with great personal Respect Your Excellency’s most obedient and most humble Servant

						W. Phillips


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General John Stark, 28 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Stark, John

						Dear Sir
						Head Quarters Bergen County 28th July 1780

					I last night recd your favr of the 13th from Exeter and am pleased to hear that you found matters in so good train in New Hampshire—Their ready and full compliance with the requisitions of Congress does them the highest honor—You will be pleased to order the Recruits and the Militia by the Route to Claverac, not only because it is the shortest to the North River (down which the troops and Baggage pass without the least difficulty) but because provision is made there for their accommodation—I have written to Genl Glover, who is at Springfeild, to send forward the Men from New Hampshire as fast as they arrive there, as I imagine it must be difficult to subsist them in Bread, and as their services are now become requisite. I am &.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Steuben, 28 July 1780
From: Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, baron von
To: Washington, George

						Sir,
						Fish Kill [N.Y.] 28th July 1780

					Previous to the reception of your two Letters of the  &  Instant I had been informed of our disappointment with regard to the Arms expected from France; Mr Izard made no secret of their detention or the cause—The distress I foresaw this disappointment would bring upon us determind me on a measure for which, if disapproved by your Excellency, I must be answerable. I engaged General Howe to write to the states of Connecticut & Massachusets; I wrote myself and engaged also Genls Huntingdon & Patterson to write them, to lend us each 1500 stand of Arms & Accoutrements & to send them on immediately and I have made myself answerable for their return whenever our Arms arrive from France—these 3000 & what we shall be able to collect from our stores will I hope suffice—I have disarmed all the Waggoners, General & Staff Officers Waiters & indeed every man who will not in

a day of Action be in Rank & file this will add a considerable number of Arms.
					With regard to the recovery of the Arms carried off it will I fear be difficult if not impossible—it would even be difficult to discover to whom to attribute such unpardonable negligence—The Field Officers were absent & the Regiments commanded sometimes by a Captain sometimes by a Lieut. under these Circumstances what Individual Officer can be made answerable?
					I have as much as circumstances would permit exerted myself to introduce some discipline into this part of the Army which I am sorry to say was almost without—the Recruits are in a train of Exercise & improve, near half of them have served before, but are not much better instructed than the new Recruits.
					I have made the necessary Arrangements for the Light Infantry & shall be happy if they meet your Excellencys approbation the Companies are formed agreable to your Excellencys orders. I have myself chosen the Non Commmission’d Officers & Soldiers & even the Arms & I dare flater myself that the Corps will be the admiration of our Allies as well as the terror of our Enemies, there is hardly a man under 20 or above 30 years of Age they are all robust & well made & have indeed a military appearance and as many of the recruits have served before, near two thirds of every Company will be old soldiers I have chosen from each Regiment, besides 3 serjts 2 D. & fifes & 42 Rank & file, 10 Men as a reserve, these are to remain with their Companies & be ready to reinforce or fill up any Vacancies that may happen in the Light Company.
					Massachusets will furnish 16 Companies[;] Connecticut 8[;] New Hampshire 3[;] New York. i.e. Clinton 2.
					Clintons cannot furnish more unless reinforced & even if the four Regiments could furnish each one Company one more would still be wanting for the Batn of York & Hampshire, it was for this reason I proposed forming 3 Comps. of State Troops from whom I should have chosen such Officers & Men as had already served but as your Excellency seem desirous that the men Should be under Continental Officers I have alterd my proposition to the Governor who was with me to day. all I could obtain was that Clintons Brigade should be reinforced so as to be able to furnish three Companies & that the State Troops should furnish a Capt. Sub. & as many men as will Compose two compleat Companies these must be taken as one Company but may be afterwards divided into two one of which may be commanded by Continental Officers & the other by the State Officers who will be Old Officers who have resign’d & for whom the Governor seems to have a regard.
					If your Excellency approves this Arrangement the 3d Batn of Light

Infantry will be compleat & equally good with the others—I shall however wait your orders to put it in execution. I am with great respect & esteem sir Your Excellencys most Obedt humble servt

						steuben


Title: General Orders, 29 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

						Head Quarters Paramus [N.J.] saturday July 29th 1780

							Parole, Barrington.
							 Countersigns, Bern, Brest.W: Word Look-out.

					[Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Major Torrey[,] Brigade Major Bradford
					The Guards to parade in the road opposite the Park of Artillery at 4 o clock this Afternoon.

					The Tents to be pitched as soon as the Baggage comes to the ground: and the Troops to be held in perfect readiness to march at the shortest notice.

						After Orders 6 ô Clock
						The Picquets and Guards to parade tomorrow morning at the usual hour.

						After Orders Half past Eight ô clock
						The General to beat at Two ô clock tomorrow morning—Half past two the Assembly and the Army to move at three agreeable to the order of march of yesterday—The Quarter Master General will give the route.
						The General was chagrined to day to observe irregularities which at this period of the Service are inexcuseable: He hopes for the greatest Attention to punctuality and discipline in future. The Advance Guard which will be composed of the new camp Guards will parade on the Left of Stark’s brigade to be commanded by Major Torrey.
						The rear Guard which will be composed of the old Camp Guards to parade by the Church and be commanded by Lieutenant Colo. Stewart.
						A Subaltern and Twenty men from Stirling’s divisions to be detached as a baggage Guard and a Sub. and twenty Eight from St Clair’s for the same purpose.


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 29 July 1780
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

						Dear General,
						Newport July 29th 1780

					We remain nearly in the same situation here as when I had the honor last to write you. The militia have been coming in, but few are yet collected. I was in hopes that they might have been Stoped this morning, to which General Counte de Rochambeau had just consented, when I received a Letter from Governor Trumbull of the 27th in which he observes, “The following intelligence, I have in a Letter from Colo. Welles dated at Greenwich the 25th Instant—Vizt:
					“The Enemy are all gone except Delancys from East & West Chester, and a very great embarkation taking place—Commonly believed they are going to the Eastward. An officer of my Regiment just arrived from below, informs that the embarkation is almost universal from New York Long Island, and frogs point—That General Clinton’s baggage is all on Ship board—If it was not for the Transports which have come through Hell-Gate, I should think the West Indies was their object—but time must determine their movements.” In consequence of this

intelligence Count de Rochambeau, has desired that the militia may not be Stoped, or Sent back untill further intelligence is received.
					As I am anxious to be with the Army and resume my Command, and as part of my Baggage is now there. I request by the return of the Express, your Excellencys pleasure, whether I shall proceed immediately. The manner in which you are pleased to express yourself in your former Letters, leaves a doubt on my mind, whether it was your intention until further orders—and by the Express’ return, matters will be brought to a Certainty here with respect to the intentions of the Enemy—indeed, it will be very disagreable to me to be here longer than is necessary, without Troops to Command. I have the honor to be With the greatest respect Your Excellencys Most obedient Servant.

						W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from Major General Lafayette, 29 July 1780
From: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de
To: Washington, George

						My dear General
						Newport july the 29th 1780

					Your letter of the 22d Came to hand last evening and I hasten to answer At least to a part of its Contents—I Shall Begin By the disagreable disappointement I met with on account of our cloathing—inclos’d, my dear General, you Will find the Return of what has been put on Board of the fleet which I have sent By a vessel to providence, and which will be forwarded to head quarters as soon as mister olney will appear at this place—By my last I inform’d you that he was at his Lady’s and that I had Requested General heath to Send for him—I Can’t tell you how much I feel for that Shoking Arrangement of Cloathing—But as it is not quite so essential as arms and powder, if we have no cloathing, I shall be the forwardest to advise our acting without it—I am apt to Blush for Neglecting improvements that are within my Reach, But I Readily do without those which are not in our power.
					As to the affair of Arms I spoke this Morning to the Count, and, am Sorry to find that he has But the Most Necessary articles of exchange which are to answer to the dayly Broken arms &c.—his Superfluous armament is Coming, in the Second division, and for the present there is Nothing to expect from that quarter—the only way, my dear General, will be to Request the States to pick up Arms for theyr Recruits—Governor trumbull (as you may have seen By My letter from lebanon) thinks there is A great deal of difficulty in this Matter—But Many

other Gentlemen from that state assure that it Can be done—I will desire C[o]l[on]el Wadsworth to Manage that affair with the Governor, and I will also write a private letter to mister Bowdouin and Governor Greene.
					as to the powder, my dear General, I hope the Navy Will Give us some—Not however A Great deal—you Can’t Conceive how difficult it is for the present to speak with them on offensive plans—they expect Clinton at every minute, and Say his Succes will decide our operations—I had however this Morning a Conversation with the land General and was to See in the evening the Admiral who, I am told, Cannot Come—So that I must delay it to be done tomorrow.
					Connecticut will, I think, furnish you with a Much Greater quantity than you expected—how far it will fulfill your purpose, I hope to hear from you—But I Can’t flatter you to Get so much from the fleet as two hundred, even as hundred tons.
					I have fully Considered, my dear General, the ideas of those french Generals, and made myself Acquainted with every thing that has past Since My departure from france—A Great Mismanagement in the affair of transports has prevented the whole Coming here at once—But as the french and spaniards have a Superiority, there is no doubt But that if they join together as was intended the Second division will be here in less than three or four Weeks—the fleet on this Continent will I hope be Commanded By monsieur du chaffaut and will be very Superior to that of the ennemy—if By an unlucky chance the junction was prevented, the second division would Yet Certainly Come in the Autumn and Be in a Situation to act during the winter—But I have all Reasons to Believe that they will be here in three weeks, and you may depend upon it that they will at all events be here for the winter—from what I have been intrusted with I have a pretty certain Ground to hope that My letter will produce upon Count de Guichen the desir’d effect, and after an expedition which I Can’t trust to paper will be Concluded, you may, I think, depend upon his Coming this way with a Good part of his fleet.
					in a word, the french Ministry are determin’d to keep here during the war a land and Naval force which will act on the Continent till a peace is Concluded and to Support it with all theyr power—they look upon Rhode island as a point to be kept for Receiving theyr fleets and theyr Reinforcements of troops, and want the defence of it to be Such an object as will insure the Bazis of our operations.
					Before settling any thing the french Generals Want to hear from theyr second division—don’t fear By any Means theyr acting Rashly and Be assur’d that you May very far depend on theyr Caution—But our wants of arms and ammunition have made me also very Cautious—if

the States furnish us with a sufficiency of the first Article, and almost a Sufficiency of the Second which we will make up with the fleet, then I am most strongly of opinion that waiting for the second division is alltogether wrong and unwarrantable.
					I have however Brought Count de Rochambeau to this—viz.—that if the second division Comes we must attak—that in all Cases if we are masters of the water we may attak—and that we may do it if the admiral thinks that we Can Secure the passage By Batteries, and if each part is equal to the wh⟨ole of the enemy⟩.
					We Must Now see what the admiral has to Say—what he wrote about the harbour of Newyork don’t please me—if du chaffaut Comes, I answer for any thing you wish—to morrow I will Speack with the two Gentlemen, So at least I hope, and will let you know theyr answers.
					if the second division Comes in time we shall Certainly act and Succeed—then we will have our Arms, powder, cloathing &c.
					I Never thought, my dear General, that Clinton would Come this way—nor do I think it now—But every Body Says he is Coming—Governor trumbull has it as a certainty, and upon his letter Receiv’d this morning they have altered the arrangement I had Settl’d to dismiss the extraordinary Militia—I hate troubling all those people and taking them from theyr harvest—General heath is of my opinion, But the intelligences are so particular so authentic that he dares not Neglect to Gather as Many men as possible—Before you Receive this you will Certainly know the truth of those Reports.
					if You think, My dear General, that Clinton is Coming, and if he disemBarks upon Rhode island, I am clearly of opinion that three or four thousand Continental troops and the Militia landing on his Rear while the Count would Sally from Newport would Ruin the British army and that the taking of Newyork would be But a trifle after Such a Stroke.
					in Case You adopt the Measure I think that the Communication with the main is Very important—I went Yesterday to the North end of the island, and had the works Repaird in Such a way (at least they will be Soon So) as to keep up a Communication By howland’s ferry for 8 or ten days after the ennemy will possess the island—I have also desir’d Clel Greene, in Case they appear, to Run up the Boats to Sledze ferry—signals have been establish’d from watch point to Connanicut—all those arrangements I have made with the approbation and By the orders of General heath.
					You will By this express Receive a letter from General heath who applies for and most ardently wishes a leave of Repairing to his Command in the Grand Army.
					for My part, My dear General, I will, I think waït your answer to this, and want to know if By the situation of your arms and Ammunition

there is a possibility of your acting Before the Second division Comes—if from the answers of the States You think Such a proportion Of powder from the fleet will be sufficient then I will be more positive—if however after my Conversations I was to See that the Second division must be waited for at all events, then I Need not waïting for your Answer to this. I will therefore, my dear General.
					1st or arrange with them a Beggining of operations Before the second division Comes, and then waït for your answer about arms and ammunition or the prospects I may have By myself to fix it entirely.
					2d or fix our plans for the moment that the Second division Comes and then I will as soon as possible Repair to head quarters.
					they seem Rather doubtfull of the possibility of landing Safely and having A sufficiency of Boats to Carry them under the protection of our west chester Batteries and I Beg you will Give me such a Note about it as I might show to them. With the highest Respect and most tender friendship I have the honor to be dear General Your most obedient humble Servan.

						Lafayette

						All the officers and soldiers of the Army have A Great desire to join the Grand army, and hate the idea of Staying at Rhodeisland.

							L.f.


Title: To George Washington from Francisco Rendon, 29 July 1780
From: Rendon, Francisco
To: Washington, George

						Sir
						[Philadelphia]
							29th July 1780.

					By the Schooner Page Captn Palmer the first Vessel Sent by me to Havannah with the Dispatches for the Governor of that Place acquainting him of the Loss of my Chief Dn Juan de Miralles, which Vessel came back yesterday from Said Place, I have received Packets from Said Governor inclosing in them two Letters with orders to Sent them to your Excy one of them being from Said Govor & the other from Mrs Miralles who likewise desire me to forward it; I have taken by this which I write your Excy on that purpose the Liberty of doing their desire.
					To all great and Generous hearted Men its most Sencible pleasant the distinctions which others acquire by the known good Circumstances which frames them; Your Excy being one of those most distinguis’d. I dont neglect of acquainting your Excy that Said Govor of Havannah has been pleas’d to Elect me to Subsist in this Place with the Same Commission he had placed before on My Chief Dn Juan de Miralles, giving me full orders and Liberty to go on with the Correspondance to my Court and the Government of that Island, on the Same footing and without the least difference which my antecesor Carry’d on. That every time that Circumstances will require it I may Charter Vessels to acquaint to the Governors of the Possesions of the King my Master; the advises which may concern to their Security to precaution an Invation by the Enemy—and as his Excy has Elected me for Said honorable Commission he is fully persuaded I shall be able to fulfill his Wishes in which Occasion, and being Sure that without the favor of the Protection of Your Excy I shall not be able to Comply with it; I humble beg your Excy will be So good as to condescend to my good Issue taking the trouble

of Acquainting me with whatever your Excy may foresee can Concern the Common Cause, to enable me to comunicate it with the greatest punctuality to the respective Governors of the Possesions which may be warn’d by the Enemys.
					I trust in your Excy’s Superiour Goodness, that will lead to my request attending to the General felicity which it’s Consequence may produce. With the greatest respect I remain. Sir Your Excy’s most Obedt and Most Humble Servt.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Goose Van Schaick, 29 July 1780
From: Van Schaick, Goose
To: Washington, George

						Sir
						Albany July 29th 1780

					Before & since the receipt of your Excellencies favour of the 20th Ulto I have caused a reinforcement of provisions to be thrown into Fort Schuyler sufficient for that Garrison to the 30th August, but having yesterday been informed that the whole of the Oneida Nation consisting of four hundred souls totally destitute of provisions have been oblidged to fly to the Fort for protection The provisions of that Garrison must be exhausted these Indian famelies are on their way down but wait for the Batteaus which having a small quantity of Provs. & other Stores, sent from Schonectady (before the news of these Refugee Indians) were detained on the route on a report of the approach of five hundred of the Enemy, at which place the Guard threw up works, & put themselves under cover, & now waiting for a reinforcement to their Guard—As most of the nine Months Men stationed on the Western Frontier intended for the relief of the Garrison, have enlisted in the Continental Battalions, & on their march down, The number of Men that will remain on those Frontiers is so small that little or no assistance can be expected from them.
					I have at present one hundred Barrels of Flour, & twenty nine head of Cattle to send up to Fort Schuyler, but how to get them there for the

want of a Guard I know not. The Militia being so disgusted at the Troops being withdrawn that were raised for the defence of the Frontiers & seeing no likelyhood of support. altho threatned from every quarter with the approach of the Enemy who appear daily. indeed there are few people but expect the whole Country that is Schohary, & the Mohawk River. the Crop⟨s⟩ which are the most promising will be totally destroyed during this summer, unless some relief other than the Militia of the Country can be spared.
					Relative to your Excellencies order for a hundred Barrels of Beef or Pork, directed to any Comsy to the Eastward of this, was delivered me by Brigadier General Clinton, when he left Albany with his Brigade—I immediately forwarded it to James Watson of Hartford a principle Agent in the State of Conecticut with a requisition that if the Beef or Pork could be obtained to forward it to the nearest Landing on the North River. & at the same time give notice thereof to me. I have not been able to hear from Mr Watson, nor can I obtain an Express in order to make the necessary inquiry for the want of money in the Quarter Master Department—I have hardly ever been able to obtain more provisions for the Garrison of Fort Schuyler than from hand to Mouth when the communication was not so deficient or uncertain. but for the present for the want of Troops to Convoy the Batteaus should any unforseen accident happen to that Post by the Troops being oblidged to evacuate it for want of provisions. I cannot look upon myself as accountable for such misfortune having exerted myself to the utmost, & shall leave no possible means untryed to relieve the Garrison with what provisions I have now ready to send—No dependance can at present be put on our Magazines here, as we are Sometimes without for several days, & will be so again tomorrow unless some Cattle arrive—I have the honor to be most Respectfully Your Excellencies most obedient servant

						G. V. Schaick


Title: To George Washington from William Brown, 30 July 1780
From: Brown, William
To: Washington, George

						Sir
						Baskenridge [N.J.] July 30. 1780

					Several reasons, which, with me at least appeared of sufficient weight, have induced me within these few weeks to retire from the service of the army—I purposed before my departure to have waited on your Excellency at Head Quarters, & personally to have taken leave of my much esteemed acquaintance there; but the latter being rather an unpleasing task, I now beg leave to pay my respects to your Excellency by letter.
					The service of the department I belonged to was on many accounts becoming less & less respectable—from the precarious and undefined nature of its establishment, no proper regulation or discipline could be introduced or supported in it—whatever usefull service I have been able to perform in it has been done more by personal attention and private influence than in an official capacity; and there was no prospect of its being put on a better footing in a reasonable time, if ever: Upon the whole I found it not in my power by continuing here to benefit the service in a degree at all proportioned to the sacrifices I must thereby make of all my domestic attentions and private interest. Your Excellency will therefore, I hope hold me excusable for retiring from it.
					I have only to add, that I heartily wish your Excellency with the Armies under your command a glorious & successfull campaign and that I remain with the highest esteem and veneration for your Excellencys person & character Your most obedient & most hble Servant

						W. Brown


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 30 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

						General Howes Quarters Robinsons [N.Y.]July 30th 1780
						Dear Sir,

					If our circumstances on a close examination will permit, we have in contemplation a very important enterprise, in which Your Excellency’s advice and assistance will be of the greatest utility to us. I am therefore to entreat if possible an immediate interview at this place or Ver Planks point. Should we persue our object, it must be done with the greatest rapidity, and this makes it necessary I should have the pleasure of seeing

you without delay. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect and regard Yr Excys Most Obedt servant.

						P.S. It is probable we shall stand in need of a considerable aid of waggons.


Title: From George Washington to Moore Furman, 30 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Furman, Moore

						Sir
						[Highlands, N.Y., 30 July 1780]

					The present critical and important conjuncture requiring every possible effort to forward the Stores and provisions for the use of the army, and the present imbarrassment in the Quarter Master Generals department rendering it impracticable to procure competent means in the ordinary way; You are hereby authorized and impowered to impress as many teams in the State of New Jersey as you find necessary for the purpose above mentioned with respect to those articles which are under your direction. And in order that an adequate supply of forage may be had, you will provide by purchase impress or otherwise the quantity necessary, for which this shall be your warrant. Given at Head Quarters Robinson’s house, State of New-York—July 30th 1780.

						Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Thaddeus Kosciuszko, 30 July 1780
From: Kosciuszko, Tadeusz (Thaddeus) Andrzej Bonawentura
To: Washington, George

						Sir
						West Point [N.Y.] 30. July [1780]

					To this day I have not received your Excellencys order respecting my destination, having nothing to do at present as all the artifficers are directed to receive Leut. Colo: Gouvions orders, I beg your Excellency to give me permision to leave the Engeneer Department and direct me a Command in the Light Infantry in the Army under your immediate Command or the Army at the Southward agreable to my ranck I now hold. Your Excellency may be certain that I am acquiented with the Tactic & discipline and my Conduct joind with a small share of ambition to distinguish my self, I hope will prove not the Contrary. I am with perfect respect your Excellency very Humble Servant

						Thad: Kosciuszko Col.


Title: To George Washington from La Luzerne, 30 July 1780
From: La Luzerne, Anne-César, chevalier de
To: Washington, George

						Monsieur.
						Philadelphie le 30. Juillet 1780.

					J’envoye à Votre Excellence une lettre pour Mr le Chever de Ternay dans laquelle Vous verrés les mesures que j’ai prises ici pour remplir les intentions dont Vous m’avés fait part le 27. de ce mois. Je Vous prie de vouloir bien faire cacheter ce paquet et le faire parvenir à son addresse, lorsque l’occasion S’en presentera.
					Le Congrès a mis sous Vos ordres Monsieur ses fregattes en leur enjoignant de Se rendre dans la Delaware. Vous jugerés d’après Vos arrangemens avec Mr le Chever de Ternay si ces batimens ou l’un d’eux ne pourroit pas remplir une partie de la commission dont il s’agit. Leur croisiere seroit d’ailleurs utile au commerce des Americains. J’ignore si Mr le Chever de Ternay sera en etat de leur communiquer quelques

signaux aux moyens desquels ils puissent s’aprocher sans risque de notre Escadre. Votre Excellence pourra si elle le juge nécéssaire lui en faire la proposition. J’ai l’honneur d’être avec un respectueux attachement Monsieur De Votre Excellence le très humble et très obéissant Serviteur,

						Le che. de la luzerne


Title: From George Washington to Colonel William Malcom, 30 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Malcom, William

						Dr Sir
						General Howes Quarters Robinsons July 30th 1780

					Instantly on receipt of this, You will proceed with the Militia under your command to West Point, leaving eighty or an hundred men to relieve the Continental troops on guard over the stores &c. at Fish Kill which are to be sent off with all dispatch to join their respective corps. It is of the greatest importance you should not lose a moment in the execution of this order as it will retard movements of the most pressing nature. I am with great regard Sir Your most Obedt ser.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant General Rochambeau, 30 July 1780
From: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de
To: Washington, George

						Monsieur,
						A Newport Le 30. Juillet 1780

					Mr De La Fayette a rendu compte a votre Excellence de tous Les avis reiterés qui nous sont arrives par Le Gouverneur de Connecticut, Les Generaux detachés de votre armée sur La rive gauche de La riviere du Nord, a portee d’observer le Sund, enfin par votre adjudant de Confiance, que Clinton S’embarquoit avec un gros corps de Troupes pour venir nous visiter. La position de Leur flotte toujours mouillée a vüe sous Block-island avec 3. fregates d’Observation qui croisent entre

La pointe de Judith et L’isle de Block, sembloit autoriser et masquer toutes ces mesures. Ma position alors etoit telle. Mes Troupes divisées dans Connenicut et icy, 1500. malades sur La flotte, 800. de L’armée de Terre, outre 200. hommes que je fournissois a La Marine, pour servir ses batteries. J’ai pris Le parti. 10. de proposer a L’Amiral un mouillage plus prés de La ville, et hors de portée des mortiers que L’ennemi pourroit etablir a Connenicut, et d’abandonner cette isle a un detachement d’Observation: 20. de faire ouvrir des marches sur deux Colonnes, sur tous Les points de debarquement a rhode-island pour m’y porter et combattre L’ennemi au debarquement avec toutes mes forces concentrées. 30. de travailler en cas de malheurs, a reparer, ameliorer et fortifier Le Camp retranché des Anglais derriere cette ville. 40. de requerir Les Etats voisins de nous envoyer Leur milices pour nous aider de Leur bras et de Leur courage dans ce petit moment de crise. Tous ces objets ont été remplis, ou prets a L’etre et Les Etats voisins se sont pretés a mes demandes avec une ardeur qui exige toute ma reconnoissance. Je ne crois pas devoir en abuser, et je viens de prier Le General Heath et Mr De La Fayette de renvoyer toutes Les milices qui sont en chemin, convoquées pour dix jours a Leur moissons, et de retenir seulement celles qui sont destin⟨ées⟩ a servir 3. mois dans votre armée, jusques a ce que un fort que notre Major d’Ingenieurs a tracé sous Les yeux de Mr De La Fayette et qui assure notre communication avec Le Continent vis a vis de Howlands Ferry soit achevé. Mr De La Fayette m’assure que cela ne derangera rien aux plans que vous avez formé dont il m’a communiqué une partie, et sur Lesquels nous devons avoir une conference avec L’Amiral cette apres midi. Je ne repondrai sur ce dernier objet que d’aprés cette conversation (Je desire que Mon general approuve notre conduite) que Clinton vienne ici jouer ses forces au hazard d’une descente, ou s’il etoit bien battu, comme je l’espere, il nous procureroit bien Les moyens de Le suivre de prés a Newyork dans cette campagne. Je suis avec respect, Monsieur, De Votre Excellence Le tres humble et tres obeissant Serviteur,

						Le Cte de Rochambeau


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Israel Shreve or Colonel Elias Dayton, 30 July 1780 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Dayton, Elias,Shreve, Israel

					Letter not found: to Col. Israel Shreve or to Col. Elias Dayton, 30 July 1780. Shreve wrote GW on 3 Aug.: “I Receivd your Excys Letters of the 30th and 31st of the Instant, Col. Dayton being Absent.”


Title: General Orders, 31 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

						Head Quarters Peekskill [N.Y.] Monday July 31st 1780

							Parole Resolution.
							 Countersigns Successfull CampaignWatchword, Dispatch

					The Army is instantly to disencumber itself of all its baggage and one half the Tents of both Officers and Privates to be stored at Westpoint leaving a noncommissioned officer of each regiment to take care of them.
					A Field Return by Brigades to be made this evening at seven o clock to the Adjutant General specifying the number of men fit for Action—the number of Arms with Bayonets the number without bayonets the number of Cartouch boxes the Quantity of Ammunition and the deficiencies of these several Articles.
					All detachments and out guards to be called in and the Baggage Guards which move with the Army to be reduced to a noncommissioned officer and eight men per Brigade.
					The Troops are to be immediately completed to forty rounds ⅌ man.
					All the Artificers are to be collected and held in readiness to march with their Chests of Tools and a return to be immediately made to the Quarter master Genl of the Number—of their respective occupations—and of the departments to which they belong.
					All the intrenching Tools to be collected and delivered to the order of Lieutenant Colonel Gouvion of the corps of Engineers.

					A number of Arms being arrived at King’s ferry an immediate Application is to be made for deficiencies and the Arms without Bayonets are to be exchanged for the remainder in proportion to the Wants of the several regiments.
					If there are any Cartouch boxes at the Park they are also to be delivered—Returns are to be made for these Articles to General Knox who will give the necessary orders.
					The General officers and Commandants of regiments are requested to be at Head Quarters this evening at eight o clock.
					Each division to furnish Guards for its own security.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General John Fellows, 31 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Fellows, John

						Sir
						Head Quarters Peekskill 31st July 1780

					By advices just recd I hear that the Enemy have cut off the communication with Fort Schuyler, and as the place is not well supplied with provision, there is reason to fear the loss of that valuable post unless it is speedily relieved. You will therefore be pleased instantly upon the receipt hereof to detach Five hundred of the Militia under your command properly officerd with directions to the Officer to march and put himself under the command of Brigr Genl Van Rensalaer of Tryon County. I have written to Colo. Van Schaick at albany to supply provisions—Waggons and whatever else may be necessary to expedite the march of the detachment. Governor Clinton has written to the same effect to Colo. Van Schaick and to Genl Van Rensalaer. When you consider how very essential the post of Fort schuyler is to the security of our whole Frontier, and that the saving of the harvest of the fine Country upon the Mohawk River depends upon an immediate removal of the Enemy, I am convinced you will not lose any time in marching off the detachment, that they may form a junction with the Militia of the State of New York. Ammunition will be ready at Albany. I am &.


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Udny Hay, 31 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Hay, Udny

						Dear Sir
						Head Quarters Peekskill 31st July 1780

					I must request you immediately to provide the means of transporting powder and Ball and Cartridge paper to the amount of one hundred thousand rounds to Albany—A Water conveyance will in every respect be most convenient and eligible, but if you should not have Boats and hands ready, you must procure Waggons. The critical situation of Fort schuyler renders a speedy relief necessary—Men will be ready for the purpose, but there is not a sufficiency of Ammunition at Albany. The Commanding Officer of Artillery at West point will deliver the powder—Ball &ca when you send for them. They are to be delivered to Mr Van Rensalaer Commy of Military Stores at Albany. I am &.


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Udny Hay, 31 July 1780 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Hay, Udny

					Letter not found: to Lt. Col. Udny Hay, 31 July 1780. A notation in the writing of GW’s aide-de-camp Alexander Hamilton on the draft of GW’s letter to Morgan Lewis of this date reads: “A similar one was given to Col. Hay.”


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 31 July 1780
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

						Dear General,
						Newport July 31. 1780

					In consequence of intelligence received yesterday morning from the westward that the Fleet of Transports which were lately in the Sound, and supposed to be coming this way, had sail’d towards newyork, General Count de Rochambeau express’d his pleasure that the militia which had arrived and were on their march for his support, (except those detached for three months) should return home. I immediately communicated it to them. Nothing could have exceeded the spirit which has been shewn by the militia on this occasion. The hint given by the Count that he had come to their Support, but at that moment Stood in need of theirs, instantly fired every breast, and old & young of all denominations were determined to rush into the Field to his Aid. The Count expresses the highest pleasure and satisfaction as do all the officers on this occasion.
					The Count wishes to detain the three months men a few days to

Secure the pass at Howlands ferry. I have the honor to be, With the greatest respect Your Excellencys Most obedient Servant

						W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 31 July 1780
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

						Dear General—
						Newport July 31. 1780. 6 o Clock P.M.

					About noon his Excellency General Count de Rochambeau received your Letter announcing that Sir Henry Clinton might be expected this way. about the same time I received similar intelligence from General Howe, Governor Trumbull General Parsons &c. The militia were immediately remanded, and every preparation is making to give the Enemy a proper reception. I have the honor to be With the greatest respect Your Excellencys Most obedient Servant.

						W. Heath


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Henry Knox, 31 July 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Knox, Henry

						Dr Sir
						[Highlands, N.Y.] ⟨Ju⟩ly 31. 1780

					By advices received this afternoon the Enemy have again made an incursio⟨n⟩ into this State and were in pretty considerable force before Fort Schuyler on the 27th. It is essential that a considerable number of Militia should march to relieve it, and Ammunition is wanted for them, which can not be supplied at Albany. You will therefore be pleased to direct the Commissary of Military Stores to have a quantity of powder & Lead equal to a hundred rounds of each & a proper quantity of Cartridge paper held in readines⟨s⟩ to be delivered on the

application of Colo. Hay, to whom I have written to forward it immediately to Mr Ransalaer at Albany. I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt st

						Go: Washington