Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr.: Two Letters, 9 June 1780
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

I.
Dear & hond Sir
Nantes June 9 1780
Inclosed is a Memorial from my Friends Messrs V & P French & nephew of Bordeaux to the Director of the Finnances, relative to a Seizure of some Tobacco to their address in consequence of an erroneus Declaration, which is the sole Effect of Ignorance of the real Quantity as you will see by the Memorial.

I think there can be no doubt of Redress if the Fact is fairly known, and I therefore request you will kindly give the Memorial your Sanction and send it to Mr Necker.––
It is a hardship on Trade in general to be obliged to make a Declaration of what the Person who declares cannot be certain, & yet be subject to Penalty, if it is not true; Ridiculous as this appears it is no less the Law, and the Custom House Officers never allow any Interpretation than what the Letter of the Law exactly conveys.—
I beg to repeat my Request to let the inclosed be sent to Mr Necker & am ever with the greatest Respect Dear & hond Sir Yours most dutifully & affectionately
Jona Williams J
The Honble Doctor Franklin.

Notation: Jona Williams June 9 80

II.
Dear & hond Sir
Nantes June 9. 1780.
Since my last by Mr Ross, Capt Jones has passed through this Place & I find by him that he has obtained the Frigate Ariel to carry out the arms at L’Orient and part of Mr Ross’s Goods; although I understood that there would be as much as the Ariel would Carry, I have determined to send at least 2000 Suits of Cloathing in hopes to get them on board even if some of the arms should be left, for our army want Cloathing more than Guns. I have likewise determined to go myself to L’Orient & if possible to find a Ship there to join the Alliance & carry out the remainder of the Cloathing, in which Case I shall order those at Brest as well as the remainder here to be sent to L’Orient by Land with the utmost Expedition, but if I do not succeed immediately I will take a Trip to Paris to consult with you on some means of putting this matter into Execution for if our Cloathing does not get out this Summer our Troops must suffer much next Winter.— The new Frigate I mentioned in my last is sold it is therefore too late to think of that Plan.— Vessells ready fitted should now be the Object in order to detain the Alliance as short a Time as possible, at all Events that Ship ought not to leave these Goods behind her.—
Please to drop me a Line directed to me at Mr Moylans L’Orient & let me know if you have concluded anything with Mr Ross.
Mr de Chaumont in his last Letter seems to think that he has not been readily enough supplied with Funds to answer my Bills on him. I supposed he would have received the Payments destined for this Object at the several Periods you mentioned to me, one is past & the second near at hand, which should make half the Sum required. I told him I would write to you on the Subject, tho’ I do not in Fact know how the matter Stands. The Payments at the Periods fixed should answer the Purpose for I have always pushed my Bills at so long a Date as not to take anything in advance from those periods.—
It is reported here that lamotte Piquet is gone to Charlestown with his Divisions, if this is true & he arrives in Time Mr Clinton will have another baulk.—
I am with the greatest Respect Dear & hond Sir Yours most dutifully & Affectionately
Jona Williams J
I have been confined 8 Days with a wounded Leg which is the reason my Journey to L’Orient has been delayed.

Endorsed: M. de Chaumont’s Complaint that Funds had not been furnished to pay his Acceptances—(not founded) as he had then near 100,000 livres in his Hands
Notation: Jona Williams June 9 1780


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Marie-Françoise Le Ray de Chaumont: Bill for a Horse and Carriage, [10 June–2 October 1780]
From: Chaumont, Marie-Françoise Le Ray de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

[June 10–October 2, 1780]
Monsieur franklin doit pour dépenses Ci a Pres
Savoir

Loyer d’une Voiture pendant trois mois à Compter du10. juin der. [dernier] au 10. court. [courant]à 360. Chaque mois
  1080

Nourriture d’un Cheval de Main pendant Le dit temscest 92. jours à 32. sols
  147. 4

ferrages du Cheval pour 3. mois
  9.

brosses étrilles, Longes, graisse &a. le toutpour 3 mois à 5 l.t.
  15.

£1251. 4

Je reconnois avoir reçû de Monsieur le Docteur franklin La somme de douze cent cinquante une livre quatre sols pour le montant des depenses ci dessus faites pour son Compte à Passi ce. 2. Octobre 1780. Pour sol de tout conte pour ce qui conserne la depance de lecurie
Leray De Chaumont FILLE AINÉE

N.B. M franklin voudra bien indiquer depuis quel tems Le Cheval de main est au compte de Mr. Deane pour qua l’avenir La dépense qui le concerne [soit] retranchée des memoires de Mr. franklin


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ——— Destouches, 10 June 1780
From: Destouches, ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monseigneur,
Dunkerque ce 10e. juin 1780.
J’ai L’honneur d’informer vôtre Excellence, que jai fait porter ce jour a la poste aux Lettres La Grosse des Suplemens des procedure dinstruction des prises Le Pierre et L’amitié faites par le Capne. Patrice Dowlin Commandant Le Corsaire ameriquain Le Prince noir, Les quelles deux prises ont eté conduittes a morlaix. Le Raport fait pardevant les officiers de cette amirauté, instruira vôtre Excellence des motifs de ces procedures. Je joins icy Les Certificats de cet Envoy, du directeur du Bureau de la de. Porte.
Je Suis avec un tres profond Respect, Monseigneur De Vôtre Excellence, Le tres humble et très obeïssant Serviteur.
Destouches Greffier En Chef


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Wulffen, 10 June 1780
From: Wulffen, Jean Henry, baron de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Paris 10: Juin 1780.
J’ai l’honneur de joindre ici 3. Lettres que je supplie Votre Excellence de vouloir bien faire passer en Amerique. Leur contenu ne renferme autre chose que l’annonce de mon arrivée, & de mon séjour en cette ville. Cÿ-inclus aussi les 3. Billets tous signés en vous suppliant de vouloir bien me remettre le billet que le Medecin-chirurgien de Mr. Le Bon. de Golz ministre prussien a eu l’honneur de vous faire.
Souffrez, Monsieur, que je vous remercie très humblement des 12. Louis; Votre Excellence voudra bien me permettre de lui en demander trente (30) autres pour la huitaine s’il est possible, & d’en agir ainsi pour le reste de la somme qui m’est duë: n’ayant pas le tems d’ecrire dans quelques unes de mes terres, Je ne saurois, sans cela, vivre, autrement qu’à l’aide d’autrui, sorte de vie qui n’entre pas dans mon Système.
Je vous Supplie, Monsieur, de vouloir bien m’honorer de vos ordres pour que Je puisse après la guerison de mes blessures me rembarquer, & aller en Amerique satisfaire les désirs de mon coeur, vanter votre administration en france, & Signer de mon Sang La reconnoissance, & le profond respect avec lequel je me ferai gloire de mourir Monsieur Votre très humble & très obéissant serviteur
Baron: Johan HENRICH De: Wulffen
Le Baron de Wulffen Capitaine & chef dun Corps de Cavalerie Legere au Service des 13. Etats Unies de L’amerique a l’hotel des Mousquetaires gris dans le fond de la deuxieme cour rue du Bacque fauxbourg St Germain.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Wulffen, 11 June 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Wulffen, Jean Henry, baron de

Sir,
Passy, June 11. 1780
I shall take care to send your three Letters to America as you desire. I am sorry you are not satisfy’d with the 20 Guineas I have lent you but demand 30 more. I know nothing of what may be due to you, nor have I any Authority to pay it. I sent you Word with the last Money, that you were not to expect any more of me, and I now confirm it; there are too many exchang’d Prisoners continually applying to me for Relief, and I cannot advance to every one such Sums as in consideration of your Wounds I have advanc’d to you.— Nor can I advise you to return to America in the Condition you are in; for if you should be taken and put again in an English Prison, it may be fatal to you. Your Family, particularly your Sister Madame Sonnemaens would be happy to have you at home with them. I have the honour to be, Sir, Y. m. o. h. S.
M. le Baron de Wulffen, Hôtel des Musquetaires gris, dans le fond de la deuxieme Cour, Rue du Bacque faubourg St Germaine à Paris


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Torris, 11 June 1780
From: Torris, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honnd. Sir
Dunkerque 11th. June 1780.
My Correspondants at Morlaix & Capt. Macatter send me a Copy of their report & of the Letters they had the Honnor to write to your Excellency. The Circumstances & great Losses attended with the abusive detaintion of the Black Princess, are a havey Strock on us, as they are not only missing the Best opportunities to make Prises & to destress the Ennemy, but the expences to maintain so many men are very great endeed; & Instead of Proffitting by the fitting of so Stout & good a Cutter, if she is not Instantly Let at Liberty to sail, we will be apt to loose.
I can answer to your Excellency for the Innocence of the good Natured & Brave Capt. Macatter in the affair, & also for the Truth of their report & of their representations.
It is not the first Complaint we have to make against the Commissary at Morlaix. He is the Prime Cause of the Loss of the Poor Black Prince By disbanding all her Crew; He is really watchfull of all opportunity to mollest all americans & Specially the Captains & officers of our Privateers; He has the weakness to be affected with Jealousy for their Bravery & Success! He exceeds by far his orders & the dispositions of his Superieurs. I Beseech your Excellency will represent this Busey Commissary’s Behavior to My Lord De Sartine, who’s Intention, I am sure, is not to give a longer Chance to the Ennemy, by detaining so good a Privateer in Morlaix, & To the Immense Loss of all Concerns & Contrary to the Laws of Nations & to the Treaties Subsisting with America: Supose, nay, Capt. Macatter shou’d appear Blamable; But I do Insist his fault does proceed from Ignorance, & endeed, so good & so Brave a man as he Proves to be, deserves all Indulgences from his allies. His Ennemy wou’d show him generosity.
I Beseech your Excellency will Claim the departure of the Princess without any farther delay & we expect the Same from your Justice. I am with all respect Honnd. Sir your Excellency’s Most Humble & most obedient Servant
J. Torris

P.S. Your Excellency might easily obtain the asked for Prisonners from my Lord De Sartine, If you wou’d apply, & you will add to our gratitude.
His Excellency Dr. Franklin minister at the Court of France.

Endorsed: M. Torris June 11.
Notation: Mr. Torris June 11th. 1780


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to John Paul Jones, 12 June 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Jones, John Paul

Dear Sir,
Passy June 12. 1780.
Saturday Morning last, I received a Letter Signed by about 115 of the Sailors of the Alliance, declaring that they would not raise the Anchor nor Depart from L’orient, till they had six Months Wages paid them, and the utmost farthing of their Prize money, including the Ships sent into Norway, and until their legal Captain P. Landais is restored to them; or to that Effect, for I have not the Letter before me: this Mutiny has undoubtedly been excited by that Captain, probably by making them believe that satisfaction has been received for those Norway Prizes deliver’d up to the English, which God knows is not true; the Court of Denmark not having yet resolv’d to give us a Shilling on that Account. That he is concern’d in this Mutiny, he has been foolish enough to furnish us with Proofs, the Sailors Letter being not only enclos’d under a Cover directed to me in his hand Writing, but, he has also in the Same Writing interlin’d the Words, their legal Captain P. Landais which happen to contain his Signature. I went immediately to Versailles to demand the Assistance of Government, and on showing the Letter by which his Guilt plainly appear’d, an Order was immediately granted and sent away the same evening, for apprehending and imprisoning him, and Orders were promis’d to be given at the same time to the Commissary of the Port, to afford you all kind Assistance to facilitate your Depart. Mr. de Chaumont being with me, and assisting warmly in obtaining these Orders, we thought it best at the same time to give Directions, that those Sailors who have signed this Letter should not be favour’d with receiving any Part of the Money order’d to be advanc’d in part of what it is supposed the Serapis and Countess may be sold for, unless to such as express their Sorrow for having been so misled, and willigness to do their Duty; and that they may be known, their Letter was sent down to M. de Monplaisir; but care should be taken, that it be return’d as it contains the Proofs abovementioned against Landais, who will probably be try’d for his Life, being consider’d by the Ministers as an Emigrant without the king’s Permission and therefore still a frenchman, and when found in france still subject to its Laws.— When that Advance was ordered, it was Supposed the Vessels might have been got away without waiting for the sale, and that the People who had a Right to share them, receiving this in Part to relieve their present Necessities, might have appointed Some Agent to receive and remit the rest to them in America; but the Delays have been so great that the Time of Sale now approaches, and perhaps the Produce may be known before you can be ready to depart with the Ariel, and, if ready Money is paid, the Division may be made at once. If any unforeseen Difficulties Should arise to prevent this, I see no other way but to Separate those who cannot trust to their Country to do them Justice, and put them on shore, and let them wait for their shares at their own Expence, for tis unreasonable to keep the Ship here at so monstrous an Expence to the Publick, for their private Advantage or Humours. As to Wages, I have no Authority or Means of paying Wages here; and I believe that all maritime states pay their ships at home; for it cannot be supposed that Pay-Offices are to be kept in every Part of the World to which ships may happen to go; besides It cannot be known here what their families or Attorneys have receiv’d for them.— I see you are likely to have a great deal of Trouble. It requires Prudence. I wish you well thro’ it. You have shown your abilities in fighting. You have now an Opportunity of showing the other necessary Part in the Character of a great Chief, your Abilities in governing.— Adieu
Yours sincerely,
B Franklin
Honble. Commodore Jones Commander of the Alliance frigate at L’orient.

Notation: From his Excellency Dr. Franklin Passy June 12th 1780 No. 35.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Rainey, 12 June 1780
From: Rainey, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Amsterdam June 12h: 1780.
I hope your Excely. will Excuse my taking the Liberty of troubling you with my Affairs, all the Excuse I can alledge is my Nessesity. In the Year 78, I remitted Dry Goods &c in Difft. Vessels to America, to the Amot. of 4500£, Exclusive of Insurance all of which Arrd. Saife but abt £500, but at that time Sold Verey Low, as the money was in much better Credit at that time, and went After I had Ship’t the whole Amot. to Virginia, I had wrote to the Merchts. I Ship’t the Goods to, to put the money in the America funds, but found On my Arrival, there was but 5100 Dolls. put in, which was in March 78, wch. yr. Excely. will See in the Inclos’d Accot. of Certifs., and found the money was much Depreciated, so much so that the whole Amount of what I Ship’t, If I had purchas’d Bills would not have brought me half my money. I had Nothing left to do but put the paper money in the funds as fast as I reced. it, and all I have for the Above Sum of 4500£ with Intrest upwd. of 2 Years and a half, is the 74900 Dolls. Certife. and 10,000 Dollars Certificates, wch. I had not reced. from a Gentn. in Virginia, taken out in Jany. 79, with the Intrest on the whole Since it was put in, when I left America I came in the Ship Luzann Capt. Thos. Bell, and waited on your Excely. with a Letter of recomendn. from Mr. Beach which my relation Mr John Mitchell got for me & your Excell. gave me along with two Others a Pass. I went Over to London, my Views in going there was, I was Indebted to Some friends there abt 1500£ and it was the Opinion of many of my friends there that I could Sell money in the America funds better there than in France, or here, and I was of the Same Opinion, as I Judg’d the People there must be fully Convinc’d that America would maintain her Independance, but I found the People as much Deluded as ever, by the Ministry and their Creatures, and that there was no person would buy into our funds. The Paper money had got Such a Character, I was able to bring but a Trifle of money to Bear my Expences, and the greatest part of what I Owe in England, is owing to a Gentn. who is a real freind to America, and is in Distress for it at this time, and I have no Other way left to pay him but to Sell those Certificates, and I would not Offer to Negociate them here so I Acquainted your Excely. as it might be a Detriment to the Credit of the States, as I was Inform’d by Mr. Mitchell, Mr Lawrance was coming Over to this Country to Negotiate a Loan & Other matters here, this kept me so long in England expecting him Over, I beg your Excely. will advise me if it is proper to Offer them for Sale here in France or Spain. I forward a Letter by this Poast from Mr Diggs, und. Cover to Monsr. Grand. I was detain’d a Considerable time at Margate & on the road and did not get here to last Saturday. I request your Excely. will not take it Amiss my troubling you in this Matter as I mention’d before nothing but the Nessesity I am in Could Justifie the freedom I have taken, I Supose your Excly. has hard that Lord G. Gordon went up to the Parlimt. House with 50000 Men with a Petition against the Popery Bill and that the [they] Burn’d a Roman Chapel & Destroy’d the Inside of Another, and a private Letter mentions that New Gate was all in flames and the Prisoners all Set at Liberty & Several Houses on fire, and Nothing but Anarchy & Confusion. There is a Vessel Arrd. from Boston left it the 4h. May, She brings nothing new. She had a Pacquet from the marquis le fyet, which she threw Overbord, as She was Chas’d by a French Privateer, undr. English Colours, it is the Opinion of all the People I have Convers’d with in London If Charlestown can hold out and not be taken the English will Draw all there troops from the 13 united States, I Should be glad to Offer America my poor Services in any Manner I could be useful, at any risque, but your Excly. not having any knowledge of my Stediness in the Cause, I cannot Expect you will put any Confidence in me. Of Course I can only Offer up my prayer to the Almighty to Succor & help Ama. in the Day of Battle—
I am Yr. Excellys. Obedt. & Hum. Servant
John Rainey
His Exclly. Benjn. Franklin Esqr.

Notation: Rainey John. Amsterdam June 12. 1780.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to John Jay, 13 June 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Jay, John

Dear Sir,
Passy, June 13. 1780.
It was a Mistake of a figure in my Letter that occasion’d you the Trouble of writing yours of the 28th. April. I find you charg’d only with 2564 Livres, 18.10 and not with 4564.18.10. l.t. That Bill is paid, as also another drawn since for 3596. livres, 13. Sols. 0 dated March 20. In setting right these Money Matters, it is fit to mention a small Mistake that you have made; The Order of Congress required me to furnish you with 1000 Louis, or 24000 Livres. Your first Bill that came to my hands was for 4079 livres, which being paid and deducted left the sum of 19921. Livres, for which I lodg’d a Credit by means of M. Grand with M. d’Yranda, at your Disposal. But I have since paid the following Bills drawn on me by you, viz

One from Martinique Livres
  3379. 8. 0.

One from Cadiz Mar. 3.—
2564.18.10.

One from Do. Mar 20.—
  3596.13. 0.

Amounting to
9540.19.10.

Which Sum should also have been deducted from the 24000. l.t. but I lately understand from Mr. Grand that you had taken up the whole remaining 19921. Livres, by which means you are become indebted to me for those three Bills paid over and above the Order of Congress. Let us excuse one another.
Yesterday, and not before, is come to hand your favours of April 14. with the Pacquets and Dispatches from Congress, &c. which you sent me by a french Gentleman to Nantes. Several of them appear to have been opened, the Paper round the Seals being smok’d and burnt as with the flame of a Candle us’d to soften the Wax; and the Impression defac’d.— The Curiosity of People in this Time of War is unbounded; some of them only want to see News, but others want to find (thro’ interested Views) what Chance there is of a Speedy Peace. Mr Ross has undertaken to forward the Letters to England. I have not seen them; but he tells me they have all been opened. I am glad, however, to receive the Dispatches from Congress, as they communicate to me Mr. Adams’s Instructions, and other Particulars of which I have been long ignorant.—
I am at a Loss to conceive how it happened, that the Marquis d’Yranda, having receiv’d Orders from M. Grand to hold the Sum of 19921. Livres at your Disposition, by his Letter of the 22d. of february, should not acquaint you with so material a thing till the 14th. of April. I have desired Mr. Grand to give me Copies of his Letters, and I send them to you enclos’d. He had represented the Marquis to me, as a Man who had much Acquaintance, and Influence in that Court, and who might be useful to you on many Occasions; and he tells me that the Marquis both formerly and lately complains that you are shy and reserved towards him.
I am very sensible of the Weight of your Observation, “that a constant Interchange of Intelligence and Attentions between the public Servants at the different Courts are necessary to procure to their Constituents all the Advantages capable of being derived from their Appointment.” I shall endeavour to perform my Part with you, as well to have the Pleasure of your Correspondence, as from a Sense of Duty: But my time is more taken up with Matters extraneous to the function of a Minister, than you can possibly imagine. I have written often to the Congress to establish Consuls in the Ports and ease me of what relates to maritime and mercantile Affairs; but no Notice has yet been taken of my Request. Bills of Exchange and other Money-Matters give me also a good deal of Trouble: And being kept in constant Expectation of a Secretary to be sent me, I have not furnish’d myself with the Help I Should otherwise have endeavoured to obtain. But I rub on, finding my Grandson daily more and more able to assist and ease me by supplying that Deficiency.
A Number of Bills of Exchange said to be drawn by Order of Congress on Mr. Lawrens, are arrived in holland. A merchant there has desired to know of me whether if he accepts them I will engage to reimburse him. I have no Orders or advice about them from Congress: do you know to what amount they have drawn? I doubt I cannot safely meddle with them.
In yours of April 27. you mention your Purpose of sending me some interesting Papers. They are not yet come to hand. Inclos’d I send you Copies of what has pass’d in writing, between the Danish Court and me. I have had also the Conference propos’d to me with the Minister of that Court here: He said much of the Good Will of his Court and Nation towards the United States, with assurances of a kind Reception in their Ports to our Ships, provided they would only use the Precaution of coming in under french Colours, in which Case, no Enquiry would be made or Demand to see their Papers. But he made no Proposition of Restitution, alledging that the giving up the Prizes to the English, was what they were obliged to by Treaties. I do not however find any such Treaty. I see they are embarrass’d and not well pleas’d with what they have done; but know not well how to rectify it. After my Memorial, our People at Berghen were treated handsomely, their Charges defray’d, and a Vessel provided to carry them to Dunkerque at the king’s Expence. I shall continue to push them, but wish to know the Sentiments and receive the Orders of Congress.
Mrs: Jay does me much Honour in desiring to have one of the Prints that have been made here of her Countryman. I send what is said to be the best of 5 or 6 engraved by different hands, from different Paintings.— The Verses at the Bottom are truly extravagant. But you must know that the Desire of pleasing by a perpetual use of Compliments in this polite Nation, has so us’d up all the common Expressions of Approbation, that they are become flat and insipid, and to use them almost implies Censure. Hence Musick, that formerly might be sufficiently prais’d when it was call’d bonne, to go a little farther they call’d it excellente, then Superbe, magnifique, exquise, celeste, all which being in their turns worn out, there remains only divine; and when that is grown as insignificant as its Predecessors, I think they must return to common Speech, and Common Sense: As from vying with one another in fine and costly Paintings on their Coaches, Since I first knew the Country, not being able to go farther in that Way, they have return’d lately to plain Carriages, painted without Arms or figures, in one uniform Colour.—
The League of neutral Nations to protect their Commerce is now establish’d. Holland offended, by fresh Insults from England is arming Vigorously. That Nation has madly brought itself into the greatest Distress, and has not a friend in the World.
With great and sincere Esteem, I am Dear Sir, Your most obedient & most humble Servant.
B Franklin
His Excellency John Jay Esqe. M. P.— &c.

Endorsed: Doctr Franklin 13 June 1780 Recd 27 June 1780


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Louis Filleul, [13 June 1780]
From: Filleul, Louis
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Mardy 13 apres midy [June 13, 1780]
M. filleul a l’honneur de vous faire part que Md filleul est heureusement acouchée d’un garçon. La mere et l’enfant se portent bien.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur franchlin / A Passy


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Joshua Johnson, 13 June 1780
From: Johnson, Joshua
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Nantes 13 June 1780
I have the honor to hand you inclosed four Letters that has this moment arrived by a Ship from New London & who departed 9 Ultimo. I am with esteem Sir Your most Obed. Serv
Joshua Johnson
His Excellency. Benjn. Franklin Esqr.

Notation: Johnson Jonathan, Nantes 13. June 1780.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Paul Jones, 13 June 1780
From: Jones, John Paul
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
L’Orient June 13th 1780
On my arrival here I found that Captain Landais, encouraged as I believe by Mr. Lee & Mr. Gillan, had raised a party Spirit on board the Alliance:— I have been however on board a considerable part of the time since my return and have always been well received and duely Obeyed.— As I found that my Commission and Authority had been called in question, I had a Copy of my Commission as well as your Orders Read on board yesterday for the satisfaction of every Person; and I soon afterwards discovered that Captain Landais had written the within Letter to Lieutenant Degge which he had read to the Crew, and which I communicated last Night to the Commandant. This Day I came a shore in the forenoon to make some necessary Arrangements with the Commandant respecting the dispatch of the Ariel.— In my absence from the Alliance Captain Landais went on board declaring that he came to take Command of the Ship and was determined to Support himself by force against any person who would dispute his Authority. I thought it the most prudent method to make the within Written application to the Commandant of the Marine who with the Commandant of the Road advises me to send an Account of the Matter to your Excellency by Express and to await your orders in consequence in concurrence with the orders of Government.
Several of the Brave officers who served with me in the Bon Homme Richard have already been treated with indignity on Board, and my First Lieutenant Mr. Dale this moment tells me that himself and some others have been turned a shore. Before I came a shore this forenoon, the Crew being assembled I demanded whither any one of them could say a word to my disadvantage. They answered they could not. There was then every appearance of general contentment and Subordination. I am certain that the people in general Love and would readily Obey me.
The Armament of the Ariel is advancing very fast and I expect will be nearly compleated when the Express returns, as the Commandants both of the Marine and Road have assured me of their Utmost Assistance. I have reason to expect that the Clothing that can be embarked in the Ariel will arrive here in a very few Days as there was a Vessel engaged at Nantes for that purpose. The Alliance will also be able to carry a considerable quantity of Clothing, besides the Articles that are already embarked on board that Ship; and upon the whole I expect the two Ships will be able to carry out the Articles that are most essentialy and immediately wanted. I wish to know whither you would chuse that I should leave out some part of the Musquets and take Clothing in their stead. It is the Opinion here that Musquets will be less wanted when we arrive in America than Clothing.
I send you inclosed the Letter from the Secretary of the Admiralty on which I understand Captain Landais founds his present pretentions to Command the Alliance.
My Conduct in this affair will I hope meet with your Excellencies Approbation. I have strictly followed the advice I have received from the two Commandants here. I have communicated to them the Verbal Orders you gave me at parting to ask their Assistance in Case it should be wanted; but they cannot, they say, act without Written Orders from you in concurrence with the Court.
I have the honor to be with great Esteem and Respect Your Excellencies Most Obliged and most humble Servant
Jno P Jones
His Excellency B. Franklin Esqr. &c. &c.

Endorsed: 35 / Capt. Jones Acct of the Proceedings of Capt Landais
Notation: L’Orient June 13. 80


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Arthur Lee, 13 June 1780
From: Lee, Arthur
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir/
L’Orient June 13th. 1780
The Passport you gave me being expird & useless; I shall be obligd to you for sending me another.

I have the honor to be with great respect, Sir, Yr. most obedt. Humble. Servt.
Arthur Lee
The Honble. Doctor Franklin

Addressed: The Honble / Doctor Franklin / Minister plenipotentiary / from the United States / at / Passi
Notation: A. Lee L’Orient June 13. 1780.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Nesbitt, 13 June 1780
From: Nesbitt, Jonathan
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir/
L’Orient June 13th: 1780—
I shall leave it to others to inform you particularly of the disturbances on board the Alliance in Consequence of the late Machinations of Captain Landais & some others.— To the astonishment of almost every person here, he has this day assumed the Command of said Frigate, & as is said with a determined resolution to keep possession at all Events.— I think it my Duty as an American subject to give you my oppinion on this affair;— which is that Captain Landais has been instigated to take the present measure, by some designing person, (an Enemy to his Country) whose design it is to throw every thing into Confusion, and to prevent, if possible, the supplies now going out to America from getting there in due time.— If Captn: Landais had any pretentions to the Command of this Frigate, why did not he go on board on his first arrival here? But so far was he from having such an Idea, that he apply’d to Captain Thomas Bell of the Luzerne, in Writing for a Passage out to America on board his Ship.— Therefore his taking on himself the Command of the Alliance at this Critical Period, can be with no other design, (as I have already said,) than to create confusion & delay.— I must request your Excellencys Pardon for taking the Liberty to trouble you with my private Sentiments on this affair.— But I am considerably Interested in the termination thereof, being determined, (if Landais is continued in the Command of the Alliance) to send the Luzerne, wch: is under my care, immediately to Sea, not having any Confidence in such a Convoy.—

I have the honor to remain with Sentiments of great respect.— Sir Your most Obed. Servt
  Jonath: Nesbitt

Endorsed: 32/ M Nesbit Alliance
Notation: L’Orient. 13 June 80


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from James Russell, 13 June 1780
From: Russell, James
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
London 13 June 1780
Your favour 20h Ulto: directed to Messr Hanbury Grove and Self came duely to hand. As Mr Hanbury is at Bath for his health, I wr’ote to him desireing to See him in Town to answer your letter,: he writes me the 10 Currt: acquainting me he is drinking the waters for his health, and Says he will certainly be in Town in a month or Sooner. When he comes you may depend on our answer. I am respectfully Sir Your oblidged hum Ser
James Russell

Addressed: Benjamin Franklin Esqr. / Passy / near / Paris / Via Ostend
Notation: Russel James 13 Juin 1780.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Landais, 14 June 1780
From: Landais, Pierre
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Please your Excellency
L’Orient 14 June 1780
I wrote a Letter of the 29th. May & Duplicates and have received no answer. I beg’d your Excellency would inform me by what authority, I was kept from my Ship, I inclosed a Copy of a Letter from the Secretary of the Honble. Navy board, at Philadelphia the purport of which was, to take in a few goods for his use as the Ship was ordered home by Congress; My Officers & Crew inform me they have also wrote to your Excellency beging that their Lawfull Commander might be restored to them again— As they knew of no other Commander but me; they inform me that no answer has come to their hands—
I have Sir, with the Advice of the Prinsiple americans, and the desire of my officers & Crew, taken the Command yesterday as my right, and am determined to keep her, & Carry her to america as required by Congress, in the Letter from the Secretary of the Honbl. Navy board that I inclosed to you, I therefore beg you will have the Officers and Crew paid their prize Money and send me your Dispatches that I may fulfill the orders of Congress— On my going on board My Officers and men Received me very Cheerfully and acknowledged me to be their Lawfull Commander and no other till they see a Resolve of Congress For another Captain. I am ready to sail whenever you will be pleased to pay the people and send me your Dispatches—
I am with the greatest Respect your Excellencys most obedt and very humble Servant
P: Landais
His Excellency Dr. B Franklin Minister plenipo to the United States at Passy Near Paris—

Addressed: His Excellency Dr. B. Franklin / Minister Plenipot: / To the united States / at Passy / near Paris / Chargé / recommandé
Endorsed: 34 / Letter from Capt. Landais June 14 80 That he is advis’d by the principal Americans. Will keep the Vessel & follow the Orders of the Secretary of the Navy Board.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Samuel Wharton, 14 June 1780
From: Wharton, Samuel
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
L’Orient June 14 1780
I Am sorry to have Occasion to write you on the Subject of all the Letters, which are addressed to you by this Courier. Captain Jones, Messrs. Moylan and Nesbit will inform you of the particulars of the outrageous Behaviour of Captain Launday, and the (original) Officers, and Crew of the Alliance, in taking Possession of Her. I will take the Liberty of giving my private Opinion of the Cause of this extraordinary Conduct. It is said by the partisans of Captain Launday, That you assumed a Power, not warranted by the Nature of your Ministerial Office in suspending Him and giving Captain Jones the Command, and therefore Captain Launday, as being accountable to the States for the Frigate was warranted in going on Board, and taking Charge of Her. I apprehend, Captain Launday is only made Use of, as an Engine, To create Confusion, and a Delay of the publick Stores, for the purpose of grounding a Complaint against You. It is difficult at present to collect such Facts, as would positively authorise me to say, That Mr. Lee is at the Bottom of this Affair, But from combining a Variety of strong Circumstances, I think, That When the Parties shall be properly examined on Oath by Congress, or the Admiralty Board, It will be found, He has employed every indirect Means in his power for that End.
I have the Honor of being with the highest Respect, and Consideration Dear Sir your most affectionate humble Servant.
Saml. Wharton
His Excellency Benjamin Franklin(Private)

Endorsed: 31 / Mr Wharton Alliance
Notation: L’Orient June 14. 80


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 14 June 1780
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear & hond Sir
Nantes June 14. 1780.
I arrived here late last night and had only Time to see Capt Jones depart for Paris. He will inform you of the extraordinary Revolution which has happened on board of the Alliance, which from what I can learn is principaly owing to the pernicious Councils of a certain industrious Genius near here who I believe would disturb the Tranquility of Heaven if he was admitted there.— One Good I hope however will result from this Evil for the Detention of the Alliance will give Time to procure Shipping to carry out the Cloathing under her Convoy, and now Capt Jones is at Paris I think he may be able to obtain from Government a Ship for that Purpose. I have yet had no Time to look round me but my next shall inform you what Ships there are here; the Serapis I find is to be sold the 22d Inst. I wish Government would buy her & let her carry out the Goods for us, their Assistance to us would then be compleat, otherwise it is not, for their Kindness in supplying us with the means to get Cloathing is lost if they do not also give us the means to get that Cloathing out.— I wait only to hear from you to give Orders for all to be brought hither. 2000 Suits are now on the Way.—
I hope the News we have here of the Capture of St Christopher, will turn out true, as it comes from Paris you will no doubt have heard it.—
I am with the greatest Respect Dear & hond Sir ever yours most dutifully & affectionately.
Jona Williams J

A Brig is just arrived from Phila, you have your Packets by the Post. Nothing decisive before Charlestown the 10 April.

Notation: J Williams June 14. 80


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont, [before 15 June 1780]
From: Chaumont, Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

[before June 15, 1780]
M. de Chaumont à L’honneur de rèprèsenter à Messieurs les Ministres plènipotentiaires du Congrès que les Marchandises d’Europe seront à des Prix Excessifs en amerique pendant la Guerre, si on n’ouvre pas aux Nègociants un moyen d’aprovisionner L’amerique à meilleur Compte.
Fait
  Une aune de Drap qui coute en Europe 20 l.t. revient en amerique à 80 l.t. a cause des frais d’assurance qui sont à 50. pr. % pour L’aller et 50 pr. % pour le retour.
  Preuve

achat en Europe d’une aune de Drap
20 l.t.

Prime d’assurance pour L’aller à 50 pr. % Sur 40l.t. afin d’en recevoir 20 l.t. en cas de perte
20

Prime d’assurance pour le retour à 50 pr. %Sur 80 l.t. afin d’en recevoir 40 l.t.en cas de perte
40

    Balance
    80

20
L’aulne de Drap

20
de Prime d’assurance pour L’aller

40
Idem pour le retour

80.

Il faut remarquer que je ne fais icy aucune mention des Bènéfices et comme il ne Sagit que de la valeur intrinsèque de L’aune de Drap chargée des frais indispensables.
Il doit s’en suivre que L’amerique devra à L’europe moitié plus que si cette premiere avait un èchange à offrir en Europe.
Cet Echange est tout trouvé. Les Promesses des Ministres plenipotentiaires portant interet, devraient ètre Echangès contre des Rècepissés du papier monnoye de L’amerique qu’on dèposerait au Congrès.
Cette opèration en rèduisant la Masse du Papier monnoye d’amerique rèduira celle des Taxes.
C’est à mon avis le meilleur employ que le Congrês puisse faire du Crèdit qu’on cherche en Europe: prendra qui voudra de ce papier-monnoye mais L’interet y amenera, parceque ceux qui n’en prendront pas ne pourront pas faire le commerce de L’amèrique en concurrence de ceux qui en prendront. La Nècessité servira à ètablir la confiance dans ce nouveau Papier, et une fois cette confiance ètablie par la nècessité, Le Congrès pourra Employer ce meme papier à tous ses Besoins.

Endorsed: Hint from Mr Chaumt


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Benjamin Vaughan, 15 June 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Vaughan, Benjamin

Dear Sir
Passy, June 15. 1780.
I received duly the large Parcel of Letters and Papers you favoured me with by Mr. Austin, to which I shall when I can get a little time, answer particularly. I received also a Box, containing 12 of the 4tos. and 4 of the 8vos. in boards, with the spanish Dictionary and Grammar, and I think some Pamphlets. A bound 4to. is also come to hand, I know not whether from you or some other friend, but suppose it from you. I have given most of these away to friends here who have presented me with their Works; and I wish to have another Dozen half 8vos. and half 4tos.—and to know what Number was printed, and whether they are likely to sell, for I should be sorry that M. Johnson were a Loser.
I can now only answer yours of the 2d. Instant relating to Ld. Tankerville’s Affair, which you represent as pressing. If his past Conduct has been as you intimate, it will undoubtedly have weight on Occasion. I know nothing of the Existence of the Law you mention. The Congress make no Laws, and each State gouverns its particular Affairs by its own internal Laws which rarely come to my hands here. I think an Attorney or Attorneys Should be appointed, to sollicit if necessary, and transact the Business. A Memorial to the Congress would be improper; it must be (if such a thing is found necessary) to the Government of Virginia. I have not time just now to look for the Papers you formerly sent me relating to this Business; but I will peruse them, and If then any thing occurs to me worth while, I will mention it to you. Remember me affectionately to your father and the good family to Drs. P and P. and present my Respects to L.S if you think they may be acceptable. I just now hear, that the Mob have burnt several Houses of the Ministers. If they went no farther, I should be less concern’d at their Extravagancies; as such a Taste of fire may make those Gentlemen sensible of the Wanton malice with which they have encouraged the Burning of Poor People’s Houses in America!— Mr. S. Wharton, lately here gave me for you a Copy of one of my Letters to him, which he says he show’d to some of the Ministry as soon as he receiv’d it, But they were incapable of being the better for any Warning. I send it you inclos’d and am ever my dear friend. Yours most affectionately.
Mr: Benja. Vaughan.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Dumas, 15 June 1780
From: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur,
Lahaie 15e. Juin 1780.
En vous confirmant mes précédentes, & notamment celles qui concernent Mrs. Van de Perre & Meyners & Mr. Van Oudermeulen. J’aurai l’honneur de répondre à l’honorée votre du 5e. Le Mr. que vous me nommez, m’est connu de réputation pour un fort galant homme; & je sais qu’il fait des affaires avec Mr. 165. Quant à ce qu’il vous a dit, je suis persuadé présentement qu’il ne peut l’avoir dit que dans de bonnes intentions, quoiqu’il n’en ait parlé que fort inexactement, pour l’avoir ouï sans doute de quelqu’un qui lui-même étoit peu instruit. Quoiqu’il en soit, laissons meurir la chose même entre les mains de notre ami seul. Il m’avertira quand il sera temps d’y penser & d’agir.
J’attends le Jugement que vous me promettez par premiere Poste touchant le Vaisseau Flora. En attendant soyez sûr, Monsieur, que je ferai divers bons usages de votre Lettre aux Armateurs de nos Corsaires. J’ai dessein d’abord d’en faire parvenir une Copie à Mr. le G—— F——. Le 2d. Pense. d’Amst., à qui je viens d’en parler, l’approuve; mais j’attends notre Ami, qui n’arrivera ici que Lundi, pour savoir S’il l’approuve aussi; après quoi je n’hésiterai pas.
J’ai lu avec beaucoup de Satisfaction vos réflexions sur la Lettre du Gl. Clinton. Mr. Adams m’a fait l’honneur de m’écrire sur le même sujet. Je ferai usage de cela aussi, discretement, dans les gazettes, d’autant mieux, qu’on a mis dans la Gazette de La Haie, par autorité, & de source, que c’est une fiction. On m’a assuré que c’est le Juif Pinto, l’Ame damnée de S. J. Y. qui travaille à cette gazette-là.
En remettant la 732 à mon propre jugement, comme vous faites, Monsieur, vous me faites redoubler de sévérité contre moi-même: & si l’on n’exige rien de trop humiliant, je Sacrifierai au bien du service Américain autant de mon amour propre qu’il sera possible.
Je crois inutile, Monsieur, de vous parler de ce qui se passe à Londres, de Gordon à la tête d’une Pétition de 150,000 souscrivans, de l’émeute de 50,000 de la populace, du pillage de 2 chapelles & de plusieurs hôtels de Seigrs. Catholiques, de Newgate réduit en cendres, de nombre de Catholiques qui arrivent de Londres à Ostende chercher un asyle, &c. Les gazettes & notamment celle de Leide de demain 16e. No. 48 qu’il faut avoir vous diront tout cela. J’ajouterai que je suis informé de bonne part, que bien des gens en ce pays en sont consternés, & que notamment S. J. Y. fait du très-mauvais sang. Il doit avoir reçu 2 ou 3 Exprès de suite.
Je suis avec un très-grand respect, Monsieur Votre très-humble & très-obéissant serviteur
Dumas
S. E. Monsr. B. Franklin

Addressed: à Son Excellence / Monsieur B. Franklin / Min. Plenipe. des Etats-unis / &c. / Passy./.
Notation: Mr Dumas la Haie Juin. 15. 80.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from James Moylan, 15 June 1780
From: Moylan, James
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honord Sir
L’Orient 15th. June 1780
Yesterday evening I received intelligence from Lieutenant Dale that a certain number of Midshipmen & Sailors belonging to the United States Service and under the immediate command of Cap: J. P. Jones, had engaged with Commodore Gillon of So. Carolina and that he had sent the said Midshipmen & Sailors to some town in Holland, by Land.— Cap: Jones having left written directions with me, (copy of wch. you will find herewith) to prevent such desertion, caused me to apply to the Commandant of this port for his consent to have them made prisoners, wch. he immediately granted and by the lawfull means always used on such occasions in this Country, I had them arrested at Hennebon, about six miles from hence, last night and they were this morning lodged in the prison of this port at about the hour of four.—Commodore Gillon represented to the Commandant & Commissary that my proceedings were illegal & totally unjustifiable and claimed these prisoners under the articles of agreement they had enter’d into with him.— On compairing the same with those they had formed prior a long time thereto with Captain Jones, we found that the said Commodore Gillon had absolutely engaged twelve men, (whose names and quality’s you will find inclosed) under the discription I had the honor of giving you at the other side, and five others who had been releived by my house with money at the request of Doctor Bancroft for your acct. and who had been daily fed on board the Frigate Alliance since their releasement from the English prisons. The rest, (for you’ll please to observe there had been Twenty two men taken at Hennebon,) we cou’d not produce proper papers to justify Cap: Jones’s right to, but wch. Mr. Mease tell’s me is unfortunately owing to Captain Jones’s absence, in whose possession they are, and for the confinement of those last, Commodore Gillon threatens me with the vengeance of this Country, the rigours of the American Law and one of his Officers avows he will make use of personal resentment. You will likewise please to observe, that on a mutual investigation of this affair in presence of the Commandant & Commissary of this port, they advised us to enlarge such of those men from Confinement, as, in behalf of Cap: Jones I cou’d not produce any written engagements for, wch., with the concurrence of Lieutenant Dale I agreed to with a promise from the Commandant & Commissary of not furnishing them any passport untill your & the Ministers decision on the matter shou’d be known.
Under this last class, comes those five men we (Gourlade & Moylan) had advanced money to on your account and the remaining five are those, whose engagements with Cap: Jones we are not acquainted with from the reasons already assign’d.
This, Sir, is a faithfull representation of the transaction; the Commandant, Commissary & Commodore Gillon write to Monsieur De Sartine by this post respecting it,— I doubt not he will communicate such intelligence as he receives from them on the subject, to you by wch. means you will be furnish’d with the necessary information to draw a conclusion and give your directions, wch. I pray may be don with as much dispatch as your convenience will admit of and that the necessity of the case requires.
It is a lamentable consideration to me, that while I think I am thus faithfully obeying my directions & thereby preventing much real injury to America, I shou’d be exposed, not only to Lawfull authority, but to personal resentment and danger. The former I shall ever most cheerfully submit to, & I have too high an opinion of America, (the Country of my adoption since my first knowledge & sight of it) to fear its judgmt. of my conduct on this or any other occasion, and your protection Sir, as it’s Minister, I only request, while you think I am worthy of it.— I must now beg leave to remark, that if some effectual measures are not immediately fallen on to prevent it, the number of American seamen now in this place will soon be so much diminish’d as to prevent the vessels intended for the transportation of the supply’s of cloathing &c. for the use of the united States of America geting out there in proper season.—
I have the honor to be Hond Sir Your most obt hl svt
James Moylan
The Honble. B. Franklin Esqr. Minister Plenipotentiary from the United Sates of America &c. &c.

Endorsed: 37 / Mr Moylan’s Letter relating to Comme Gillon’s debauching the Sailors
Notation: 15 June 80


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Rainey, 15 June 1780
From: Rainey, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Amsterdam June 15th. 1780
I had the Honour to write your Excly. the 12th. Inst, but by Mistake did not mention to whose care to Direct to, If your Excely. is so good as to favr. me with an Ansr. please to Direct to the Care of Messrs. John de Nefville & Son— Since Writing my Last there is no Mail Arrived from England, which Alarms people here, as the Wind has been fair this 3 days, There is Some letters comes by fishing Boats, wh. says the Guards has fired on the People, & many kil’d,— it is thought affairs is in great Confusion in London, there is a Ship Arrived from St. Eustatia left it the 26th. Aprl. it is reported She brings Account of the French, and English, Fleets, having another Battle, and that the English was Defeated, I have not yet been able to find out any person has a Letter,—
I am with respect Your Excelys. Most Obedt. Servt.
John Rainey
His Excly. Benjn. Franklin Esqr

Addressed: To / His Excely. Benjn: Franklin Esqr. / at Passey near / Paris
Notation: Rainey John, Amsterdam June 15. 1780.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Cornelis Van der Oudermeulen, 15 June 1780
From: Oudermeulen, Cornelis van der
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur.
Amsterdam le 15 Juin 1780.
J’ai l’honneur de remettre cijoint a votre Excellence un Memoire contenant mes Idées pour établir le Commerce entre Votre Etat et les Européens du continent.
Dèsque j’ai cru le tems favorable pour les mettre en execution, j’ai pensé de faire le Voÿage pour vous les communiquer, ainsi qu à Monseigneur Le Comte de Vergennes, mais depuis aiant réflechi qu’il convenait d’agir avec toute la prudence, j’ai preferé de Vous faire parvenir au préalable la presente, afin de ne rien hazarder que lorsque je Saurai que mes idées meritent quelque attention. Si donc Monsieur, Vous les goutés je viendrai desque j’aurai recu Votre reponce, (où le plutôt que mes petites affaires le permetteront) pour m’abboucher avec Vous, & consulter sur cette affaire Votre Excellence et les Personnes qu’Elle jugera convenables.
En attendant Votre Excellence observera la distinction que Je fais de Compagnie previligiée et particuliere, elle Se trouve analogue aux objets que j’ai en vue. Ces Idées demandent des explications plus detaillées, & c’est dans le tems que je m’en occuperai tres Volontiers. Je previens cependant Votre Excellence que je ne desire pas d’avoir part dans les Administrations publique, qui pourront en resulter.— Au reste il est certain que le bon succes de ces sortes d’Entreprises, dependent principalement et en grande partie de la maniere qu’on les établit dans leur principe.
Je prie instamment Votre Excellence de secretter mon nom, ainsi que je le fais à Msgr. Le Cte de Vergennes, et de me faire parvenir la reponce par une voÿe soure, car une fois nos liaisons connu, votre correspondance avec moÿ sera bien observée.
Jai lhonneur d’être avec toute la Consideration possible, Monsieur De Votre Excellence Le tres humble & tres obeissant Serviteur
Cs. Van DER Oudermeulen

P.S. Jai encore en vue que si une fois le commerce pouvoit setablir Sur le pied que je propose, & S’animer par les profits, qu’alors on pourra après quelques Expeditions trouver facilement les moÿens de fournir des Especes par anticipation, ainsi vous sentez Monsieur que mes idées ne Sont pas bornés.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Landais, 16 June 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Landais, Pierre

Sir,
Versailles, June 16. 1780.
I am much surprised to learn that you have contrary to the express Orders contain’d in mine of the 7th. Instant taken upon your self the Command of the frigate. I do hereby repeat those Orders, and charge you to quit the ship immediately. I am, Sir, your &c.
Captain Landais.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to the Officers and Seamen of the Alliance, 16 June 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Officers and Seamen of the “Alliance”

Gentlemen,
Versailles, June 16. 1780.
Having judg’d fit for the Service of the United States, to appoint Comme. Jones to the Command of the Alliance in her present intended voyage to America, I hereby direct you to obey him as your Captain, till farther Orders shall be given by the honourable Congress. I am, Gentlemen, Your friend and humble servant.
B.F.Minister Plenipotentiary from the U.S. &c.
To the Officers and Seamen of the Alliance frigate.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Sonnemaens, 16 June 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Sonnemaens, M. A. de

Madam,
Passy, June 16. 1780.
I received duly the Letter you did me the honour of writing to me the 15th. of March past, inquiring after your Brother Jean Henry Baron de Wolff, aid de Camp. of General Washington. I was not able at that time to give you any Information concerning him, but purposed writing to America to obtain it for you. He was taken Prisoner by the English in America, very barbarously treated, and sent to England, where he was exchanged. He is now strongly bent to return to America. As he is almost a Cripple, having received eleven Wounds, four with a Bayonet after he had surrendred, which Wounds are not yet all healed, I have advised him to return to his family and repose himself. But he will not take my Counsel. Perhaps you may have more Weight with him. A Letter from you under Cover to me will reach him here, if it comes within a fortnight from this Date. I have the honour to be. Madam, your &c.
Madame M. A. de Sonnemaens née Baronesse de Wolff a Venlo.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont, [after 16 June 1780]
From: Chaumont, Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

[after June 16, 1780]
M de Chaumont a L’honneur de prevenir M. franklin que C’est aujourdhuy Le Courier de Bretagne et que S’il veut que L’alliance reste a L’orient Comme Cela est Bien Necessaire il est interessant qu’il envoye Ses ordres aujourdhuy au Capitaine.

Notation: Chaumont


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to William Carmichael, 17 June 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Carmichael, William

Dear Sir,
Passy, June 17. 1780.
Your favour of the 22 past came duly to Hand. Sir J.D. has been here some time, but I hear nothing of his political  Operations. The Learned talk of the Discovery he has made in the Escurial Library, of 40 Epistles of Brutus, a missing Part of Tacitus and a Piece of Seneca, that have never yet been printed which excite much Curiosity. He has not been with me and I am told by one of his friends that tho’ he wished to see me, he did not think it prudent. So I suppose I shall have no Communication with him; for I shall not seek it. As Count de Vergennes has mentioned nothing to me of any memorial from him I suppose he has not presented it, perhaps discouraged by the Reception it met with in Spain. So I wish, for Curiosity’s Sake, you would send me a Copy of it. The Marquis De La Fayette arrived safely at Boston the 28th. of April. And it is said gave expectation there of the coming of a Squadron & Troops— The Vessel that brings this, left new-London the second of May; her Capt. reports that the siege of Charlestown was raised, The troops, attack’d in their retreat, & Clinton killed; but this want Confirmation. London has been in the utmost Confusion for 7 or 8. Days the Begining of this Month. A Mob of fanaticks join’d by a mob of Rouges have burnt and destroy’d property to the amount it is said of a Million Sterling. Chappels of foreign ambassadors, Houses of members of Parliament that had promoted the act for favouring Catholics; & the Houses of many private Persons of that Religion pillaged and consumed, or pulled down to the Number of 50. Among the rest, Lord’s Mansfield’s is burnt with all this furniture Pictures, Books and papers, Thus he who approved the Burning American Houses, has had fire brought home to him. Had the mob burnt none other, we might have more easely excused them. He himself was horribly scar’d, and Govr. Hutchinson it is said died outright of the Freight. The mob tired with roaming(?) and rioting seven Days and Nights were at length suppressed and Quiet restored on the 9th. in the Evening. Next Day Lord George Gordon was committed to the Tower.
Your Namesake will send you Copies of what passed between M. Lee & M. Grand. What relates to the Difference between Sir Geo. & M. Dumas I may tell you some time or other. It is not very important to you to know at present and is improper to write. M. Lee has been long at L’Orient waiting for a Passage on board the Alliance. I have yesterday received Several Letters acquainting me with a Mutiny on board that Ship, which he is supposed to have instigated. I have obtained and sent down Orders to apprehend and imprison some of the Chiefs, which I hope will produce Quiet. That restless Genius, wherever he is, must either find or make a Quarrel.—
I received the Act you mention from the State of Maryland, with a Letter from the Governor desiring me to forward a Copy of it to the Trustees in London, and to learn from them whether they would execute it, by selling the Stock and paying the Bills to be drawn on them. I have accordingly sent the act—, and written to them, requesting an answer, but have yet received none. It is only in Case of their Refusal to act that I am impowered to name one of the Several Persons mentioned; and I apprehend that if they refuse, it will be on this Principle that they were appointed and intrusted by an act of the old Government; that the News is not yet acknowledged in England sufficiently to authorise the Operation it requires; and that if by the fortune or War the old should be restored, they may be subject to a suit for Breach of Trust in complying with the Directions of a Law not made by due authority &c. I also think that if they refuse, my Nomination of another will also be deemed insufficient by the Bank, which never pays Money it has been intrusted with but to the Order of the Persons who actually deposited it, and who in this Case were the Trustees. I remember that having when in London about thirty Thousand Pounds in my Hands belonging to the assembly of Pensylvania, which I was ordered to deposite in the Bank, Subject to their Drafts, the Bank refused to receive it on such Condition, acquainting me that they never took in Money for Account of Persons residing in other Countries, never but for Account of Persons residing at the Time in London, on whose Drafts, only it was to be repaid so that I was obliged to deposite the Money as in my own Name; and the assembly to draw upon me. This I imagine that if the Trustees refuse the Act will prove abortive: for it is does not seem likely that the Bank, even if it would formerly have paid Respect to an Act of Assembly, will in this Case take upon itself to acknowledge the authority of the new State, before it is acknowledged by Government and pay to a Person of my Nomination Monies deposited with them by Messrs. Hanbury &c. But if it shall prove that I am mistaken, I will then as you decline the Service, take your Advice in the nomination of another.
Inclosed I send you the little piece you desire. To understand it rightly you should be acquainted with some few Circumstances. The Person to whom it was addressed is Mde. Brillon a Lady of most respectable Character and pleasing Conversation. Mistress of an amiable family in this Neighbourhood, with which I spend an Evening twice in every Week. She has among other Elegant accomplishments that of an Excellent Musician, and with her Daughters who sing prettily, and some friends who play, She kindly entertains me and my Grandson with little Concerts, a Dish of Tea and a Game of Chess. I call this my Opera; for I rarely go to the Opera at Paris. The Moulin Joly is a little Island in the Seine about 2 Leagues from hence, Part of the Country Seat of another friend, where we visit every Summer and spend a Day in the pleasing Society of the ingenious learned and very polite Persons who inhabit it. At the Time when the Letter was written, all conversations at Paris were filled with Disputes about the Musick of Gluck and Picciny, a German and an Italian Musician, who divided the Town into Violent Parties.— A friend of the Lady having obtained a Copy of it under a promise not to give another, did not observe that Promise so that many have been taken, and it is become as publick as such a thing can well be that is not printed. But I could not dream of its being heard of at madrid. The Thought was partly taken from a Little Piece of some unknown Writer which I met with 50 years since in a newspaper, and which the sight of the Ephemera brought to my Recollection. ADieu my Dear friend, and believe me ever, Yours most affectionately
(signed) B. Franklin
M. Carmichael.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to John Paul Jones, 17 June 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Jones, John Paul

Sir,
Passy, June 17. 1780
Having been informed by several Gentlemen of & from L’Orient, that it is there generally understood the Mutiny on board your Ship has been advised or promoted by the honourable Arthur Lee Esqe, whom I had ordered you to receive as a Passenger; I hereby withdraw that Order, so far as to leave the Execution of it to your Discretion; that if from the Circumstances which have come to your Knowledge, it should appear to you, that the Peace and good Government of the Ship during the Voyage may be indangered by his Presence, you may decline taking that Gentleman; which I apprehend need not obstruct his Return to America, as there are several Ships going under your Convoy, and no doubt many of their Passengers may be prevail’d with to change Places. But if you judge these Suspicions groundless, you will comply with the Order aforesaid. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your most obedient & most humble Servant
B Franklin
Honble. Commodore Jones

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur le Commodore / Jones. / chez M. Gourlade / Ngt. / à L’Orient
Notation: From his Excellency Dr. Franklin Passy, June 17th 1780 Informed by several Gentlem from L’orient that the mutiny had been advised or promotd by the Honble A: Lee &c.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Jonathan Nesbitt, 17 June 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Nesbitt, Jonathan

Sir
Passy, June 17. 1780
I thank you for the information contained in your favour of the 13th. Instant. Orders are gone down from the Government to secure Capt. Landais, and assist Capt. Jones in recovering the Command of his Ship. I am sensible the Officers and Men must have been misled most probably by the Person you suspect, as much as by Capt Landais, and I doubt not their returning to their Duty; and that your Ship will have the Benefit of being under the Care and Convoy of that brave Commander. With great Regard I have the honour to be Sir, &c.
Mr. Jonathan Nesbit.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Samuel Wharton, 17 June 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Wharton, Samuel

Dear Sir,
Passy, June 17. 1780.
You oblig’d me very much in sending me Clinton’s Letters. I sent Copies to England and Holland, where it has been printed. Some have doubted its being genuine: My Answer, is, that whether written by him or not, it contains in my Opinion a True State of American and British Affairs in that Quarter. The Protestant Mob in London, begining soberly the 2d. Instant with the attendance on a Petion to Parliament on a refusal to take it into immediate Consideration, proceded to Violence, treated ill several Members, burnt several Ambassadors Chapels and being on the seven following Days join’d by all the disorderly Rogues of the two Cities pillag’d and destroy’d the Houses of Catholics and favourers of Catholiks to the number of near fifty; among them Lord Mansfield’s House with all his furniture, Pictures, Books, Papers, &c, and himself almost frighten’d out of his Wits. If they had done no other Mischief, I would have more easily excused them, as he has been an eminent Promoter of the American War, and it is not amiss that those who have approved the Burning our poor Peoples Houses and Towns should taste a little of the Effects of fire themselves. But they turn’d all the thieves and Robbers out of Newgate to the Number of three hundred and instead of replacing them with an equal number of other Plunderers of the Publick, which they might easily have found among the Members of Parliament, they burnt the Building. It is said they also attempted to plunder the Bank. The Troops fired on them, and kill’d 33.— They were not finally suppress’d till the 9th. at Night; and then chiefly by the City associated Troops. Lord George Gordon is committed to the Tower. Damage done is computed at a Million Sterg. I thank you for yours of the 14th. I have Letters signed by the very officers who now join Capt. Landais, complaining of his Conduct to them in the strongest Terms; and the like from him against them, declaring that he would quit the Ship rather than serve with such a Set. When he came up to Paris, which was only to explain his Conduct, he had no Desire, at least he express’d none to me of returning to the Ship, but on the Contrary worry’d me for an Order to have his things out of her which I declin’d because I would not do an act that should look like punishing him before he was tryed by a Court Martial, that could be only had in America. The separating him and his Officers one would think should be a pleasure to him as well as to them, especially when it appeared his own Act. His Attempt therefore to resume the Command after another was appointed, & when he had received a considerable Sum, advanced to assist him in taking Passage on another Ship, in order to obtain a Trial, and this by exciting a Mutiny just when the Alliance was on the Point of Sailing, is not only unjustifiable but criminal. I have no doubt but your suspicion of his Adviser is well founded. That Genius must either find or make a Quarrel wherever he is. The only excuse for him that his Conduct will admit of, is his being at times out of his senses. This I always allow, and am persuaded that if some of the many Enemies he provokes do not kill him sooner, he will die in a Madhouse.— As to Capt. Landais, I have no other Powers relating to the Alliance, than what are imply’d in my Ministerial office. He was instructed strictly by the Admiralty in America to obey my Orders. He disobey’d them. It is not necessary to discuss those Matters here. We are accountable at home. I am heartily sorry that you have been so long detaind.
I have done every thing in my Power to prevent it. You can have no Conception of the Vexation these Maritime affairs occasion me. It is hard that I who give others no Trouble with my Quarrels, should be plagu’d with all the Perversities of those who think fit to wrangle with one another— I wish you a good Voyage at last, and that I could mend your Company. A Dieu I am ever. Yours affectionately.
BF.
M. Wharton.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Jonathan Williams, Jr., 17 June 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Williams, Jonathan Jr.

Dear Jonathan,
Passy, June 17. 1780.
I received yours of the 9th. We have applied for another Frigate besides the Ariel, but it cannot be had. My Instructions now are, after talking with Mr. Ross; Get on board the two Frigates all you can of your Clothing, which is to be prefer’d to Mr Ross’s Cloth; then estimate the Bulk of what Remains, with that Cloth, and other things belonging to the Publick; and if nearly sufficient to load another Vessel, and you can find one so ready that she may be fitted in time to go with the Frigates, you are to agree for her upon Freight, & ship the whole.
I do not understand M. de Chaumont’s Complaint, Funds as I am inform’d being lodg’d with his Banker to pay the Bills as they become due. Indeed I never understood why they were drawn on him at all. They might as well, for what I can see, have been drawn directly upon me.— Try if you can beat this Business into my head. I am ever Your affectionate Uncle
BF

Notation by Franklin: BF. to J. Williams June 17. 1780 M. Chaumont’s Complaint not understood; nor why the Bills were drawn on him. Funds were provided.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Duc de la Vauguyon, 17 June 1780
From: La Vauguyon, Paul-François de Quélen de Stuer de Caussade, duc de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

La haye 17 Juin 1780.
Permettéz, Monsieur, que j’aye l’honneur de vous adresser Mr. Dumont qui vous remettra ma Lettre, et que je vous prie d’accueillir favorablement. Monsieur, le Comte de Vergennes pourra vous donner sur lui des Eclaircissements plus étendus, et je me refere aux Notions qu’il voudra bien vous communiquer. Je saisis avec Empressement cette occasion de vous renouveller l’assurance des Sentiments de la consideration la plus distingue avec laquelle J’ai l’honneur d’être, Monsieur, votre tres humble et tres obeissant Serviteur
signé Le Duc De LA Vauguyon
M. Franklin.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Sartine, 17 June 1780
From: Sartine, Antoine-Raymond-Gualbert-Gabriel de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

a Versailles le 17. Juin 1780.
Le Lieutenant General de l’Amirauté de Vannes et de l’Orient m’informe, Monsieur, que vous lui avez écrit pour demander que le Vaisseau le Serapis soit vendu pardevant les Juges de cette Jurisdiction. Vous vous rappellerez certainement que dans le Principe, J’avois proposé de faire estimer le Bâtiment dont il s’âgit, et d’en faire remettre la valeur pour être repartie aux Etats-Majors et Equipages qui ont été employés sous les Ordres de M. Jones. Ce Commodore ayant présumé depuis que la Serapis ne seroit porté à Sa Juste Valeur qu’autant qu’il seroit vendu par adjudication, J’ai ordonné dès le 22. Avril dernier au Commissaire en Chef de l’Orient, d’Annoncer cette vente par des Affiches. Comme il paroit que d’après ce que vous a mandé M Jones, vous preferez de faire faire la vente par l’Amirauté, je vous prie de me marquer si je puis revoquer les Ordres qui ont été donnés. Je vous observe cependant que la forme que j’avois proposée n’étoit nullement dispendieuse, mais qu’il n’en sera pas de même, Si vous jugez que la vente du Vaisseau dont il s’agit, doive être faite par l’Amirauté.
J’ai l’honneur d’être avec la plus parfaite consideration, Monsieur, Votre très humble et tres obeissant Serviteur./.
(signé) De Sartine.
M. Franklin.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Vergennes, 17 June 1780
From: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

a Versailles le 17. Juin 1780
J’ai l’honneur de vous envoyer, M. copie au 10. Juin d’une lettre de M. de Sartine, ainsi que de celle qui a été addressée à ce Ministre par m. l’ambassadeur de Hollande. Vous y verrez que le Corsaire le Prince noir a enlevé un navire Hollandois appellé la flora: je ne doute pas, M, que vous ne condamniez ainsi que nous le procédé de ce Corsaire, et que vous ne lui ordonniez la restitution immédiate de Sa prise avec dommages et intérets. Cet acte de justice de votre part me Semble d’autant plus nécessaire, qu’il Sera une conséquence des justes menagements que nous avons pour les puissances neutres, ainsi que des principes qui font l’objet de leur association; D’ailleurs il est de la Sagesse du Congrès de menager toutes les nations, et d’eviter avec le plus grand Soin tout Sujet de discution, et toute démarche qui pourroit exciter leur mécontentement. L’evenement qui fait l’objet de cette lettre est dans ce cas, et je Suis persuade, m., que vous Sentirez comme moi, M, que vous ne Sauriez trop vous empresser de prévenir les plaintes auxquels il ne manqueroit pas de donner lieu si vous en laissiez l’auteur impuni.
M. franklin.


Title: John Paul Jones: Memorandum on Landais, 17 June 1780
From: Jones, John Paul
To:

Versailles June 17th. 1780.
When the Treaty of Alliance with France arrived in America Congress feeling the most lively Sentiments of Gratitude towards France, thought how they might manifest the Satisfaction of the Continent by some public Act. The finest Frigate in the Service was on the stocks ready to be Launched and it was Resolved to call her the Alliance. M. Landais a french subject who had then arrived in America from France as Master of a Merchant Ship Laden with public Stores had reported that he had been Captain in the Royal Navy of France, had Commanded a Ship of the Line been a Chief Officer of the Port of Brest and was of such worth and estimation for his great abilities that he could have any honors or advancement in his own Country that he pleased to accept: But that his desire to Serve America had induced him to leave his own Country and even to Refuse the Cross of St. Louis that he might be at Liberty to abjure the Religion of his Forefathers, which he did accordingly.— Congress believing M. Landais to be a Man in heigh esteem at the Court of Versailles and thinking with reason that it would give pleasure to his Majesty to find that one of his worthy Subjects had been treated with distinction in America, appointed him Captain of the Alliance. Now considering his late Conduct it would be rendering a very acceptable service to Congress if the Kings Ministers would please to transmit to the President, their Opinion of Captn. Landais both before he went to America, and since in Europe while under the Command of Commodore Jones: For it is necessary for Congress to know whether the account he gave of himself in America was true.
Memorandum

Notation: No. 35 Memo. regarding Capt. Landais 17 June 1780


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to John Fothergill, 19 June 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Fothergill, John

Passy, June 19, 1780.
My dear old friend, Dr. Fothergill, may assure Lady H. of my respects, and of any service in my power to render her, or her affairs in America. I believe matters in Georgia cannot much longer continue in their present situation, but will return to that state in which they were when her property, and that of our common friend G. W. received the protection she acknowledges.
I rejoiced most sincerely to hear of your recovery from the dangerous illness by which I lost my very valuable friend P. Collinson. As I am sometimes apprehensive of the same disorder, I wish to know the means that were used and succeeded in your case; and shall be exceedingly obliged to you for communicating them when you can do it conveniently.
Be pleased to remember me respectfully to your good sister, and to our worthy friend David Barclay, who I make no doubt laments with you and me, that the true pains we took together to prevent all this horrible mischief proved ineffectual.
I am ever, Your’s most affectionately,
B. Franklin.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to William Hodgson, 19 June 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Hodgson, William

Dear Sir,
June 19. 1780.
I received your several favours of March 28. and may 12. I thank you for the Justice you did me at the sick and hurt Office, in the assurances you gave that it was not my Intention to deceive, nor my fault that an equal Number of Prisoners did not return with the Cartel. On my consenting to give up the 500 Prisoners we carried into Holland, I had the Promise of an equal Number of English to be given me, to exchange for americans. You will see by the enclos’d from Mr. de Sartine what account is given of the Disappointment in that Instance at Morlaix but since your information that the Board would not receive English Prisoners captur’d by the french in lieu of those captured by Americans, tho’ they had in Holland received English. … English Prisoners be if possible reserved from all exchanges, and not delivered up till after the Conclusion of a Peace. I send you enclos’d a Copy of the Paroles that have been given by near 500 English NOT ONE of whom has had the Virtue to comply with his Solemn Engagement. What is become of your National Honour?— I send you also an Account of the brave Conyngham’s Treatment when a Prisoner, written by Himself. Also An Account of the Treatment of a poor harmless Quaker in Pensilvania by your Troops, which I lately received from his father. A Book is preparing in America containing a great Number of Authenticated Accounts of such Barbarities among which is the Covering with Pease Straw 15 american soldiers wounded and disabled in a fight near a Barn in New Jersey, and setting fire to the straw, whereby they were burnt to death. Engravings are intended to be made of each Transaction, proper to be printed in the Book. You may judge what Impression this is likely to make in the Minds of Children, and what Effect it may have on Posterity, with regard to any future Union or even Good Will between the two Nations if the printing it is not prevented—
I am much surpriz’d at the Conduct of the Person you mention, and his Letter in the Morning Post. Be pleased to present my affectionate Respects to the Club, and believe me ever, with sincere Esteem Dear Sir, &c.—
Mr. Hodgson.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Sartine, 19 June 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Sartine, Antoine-Raymond-Gualbert-Gabriel de

Monsieur
a Passi ce 19 Juin 1780
J’ay receu La lettre que Vostre Excellence m’a fait L’honneur de m’ecrire Le 17 de ce mois, Sur unne lettre qu’elle a Reçue du Lieutenant general de L’amirauté de Vannes et de L’orient, qui L’informe que J’ay ecrit au dit Lieutenant general pour que le Vaisseau le Serapis Soit vendu par devant Les Juges de Cette amirauté. J’ay L’honneur, Monsieur, de vous observer a ce Sujet, que les Capteurs americains etant tenus d’obtenir mon Consentement Sur la validité des prises qu’ils peuvent faire, J’escris alors aux officiers des amirautés ou Sont Conduittes ces prises, Lorsqu’elles me paraissent faittes Sur L’ennemy de L’amerique, qu’ils peuvent en faire la vente, Lorsqu’ils en Seront Requis; Ce qui ne me parait pas, Monsieur, autoriser Les officiers de L’amirauté de vannes a Pretendre que la vente du Serapis Soit faitte devant eux, des que vostre Excellence a Jugée plus Expédiant d’en ordonner La vente par devant Les officiers de la Marine du Port de L’orient, et Je la Suplie de Prescrire aux officiers de L’amirauté tout Ce que Bon luy Semblera a ce Sujet.
Je Suis avec un tres Respectueux attachement Monsieur vostre tres humble et très Obeissant Serviteur
B Franklin
M. de Sartine

Notation: Le meme jour il a eté ecrit a Mrs. Thevenard et de la Grandville. Rep. le 23 Juil.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Benjamin Franklin Bache, 19 June 1780
From: Bache, Benjamin Franklin
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Mon cher grand papa
Genève ce 19 juin 1780
J’avois promis de vous envoyer dans ma première lettre une pièce de dessin, mais ce sera pour une autre fois, m’empressant de vous écrire aujourdui pour vous apprendre que j’ai remporté le prix pour avoir mieux traduit un morceau de latin en françois que les autres écoliers; ce prix se donne publiquement dans léglise cathédrale et par le premier magistrat. Mr De Marignac, à qui cela a fait un grand plaisir, vous prie d’agréer ses felicitations, et son respect; Je sens trop, mon cher grand papa, toutes les obligations, que je vous ai, pour ne pas faire tous mes efforts pour vous contenter; Jéspére que vous vous portès bien, ma santé est très bonne, grace à dieu. J’aimerois beaucoup que mon frère vint à Genève, de même que les fils de monsieur Adams; outre le plaisir, que j’aurais, à faire mes etudes avec eux nous pourrions souvent parler en anglois; je languis beaucoup de les voir; J’écrirai au premier jour à mon papa et à ma mama; faites mes compliments, s’il vous plait, à mon cousin et à cockran.
Jai l’honneur d’être avec un profond respect Mon cher bon papa, Vôtre tres humble, et obeissant, petit fils,
B. Franklin B.

      Comme c’est l’ordinaire de donner un gouté, je vous prie dites moi le plus vite que vous pourrés ou plutôt priés cockran de m’écrire, si vous voulès que j’en donne un.
      Madame cramer, qui a toujours beaucoup de bontès pour moi, a reçu la lettre que vous lui avès envoyée et vous repondra ces jours ci, elle vous assure bien de ses respects.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Marignac, [c. 19 June 1780]
From: Marignac
To: Franklin, Benjamin

[c. June 19, 1780]
Franklin demande à son bon grand Papa la permission de donner un gouter à ses amis à l’occasion de son prix, en lui disant que c’est l’usage, Il est très vrai que les Genevois le font, Mais les étrangers n’y sont pas absolument tenus, quoique la plus grande partie le fasse, Je ne crois pas qu’on voye avec peine qu’il n’en donne point; ce sera donc uniquement un plaisir & une marque de Contentement, que son grand Papa lui donnera, en sacrifiant à cela près de quatre Louis:
Oserois-je ajouter ici mes félicitations, l’assurance de mon contentement & du profond respect avec lequel j’ai l’honneur d’être Monsieur Vôtre très Humble & très obeissant Serviteur
G L De Marignac
Je recevrai avec reconnoissance & intérêt les jeunes gens, que Monsieur Franklin semble me promettre.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Torris, 19 June 1780
From: Torris, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honnd. Sir
Dunkerque 19th. June 1780.
I have the Honnor to forwd. your Excellency the Declaration made by Capt. Thos. Byrne, Late of the Schooner Peter, Before Notary Public in London the 16th. Inst., that, the said Schooner Peter, was Taken as a Prize on the 26th. Febry., by the Black Prince Privateer, Capt. Dowlin, Between the Landsend & Ushant. I am happy this Free declaration is Conform in every point, to the report made by the Prise Master & the People who Brought her Into Morlaix, & To the Dito of Late By Capt. Dowlin & his Officers.— I am also Happy that Messrs. Chs. & Edwd. Hague my Correspondants in London, had Interest enough to Procure the Same, & therewith Justiffy, we did not deserve the Suspicions which your Excellency has been pleased to entertain on this Prise not being really English.
I hope your Excellency will have no further reasons to refuse the Immediate Condamnation thereof, the Same I expect you have allready done, for the Friendship Capt. Pretty John’s.
I have not yet heard on the release of the Poor Princess & of her Brave People!
I am with all respect Honnd. Sir your Excellency’s most obedient & most hble Servant
J. Torris
His Excellency Dor. Franklin.

Endorsed: M Torris June 9. 1780
Notation: Mr. Torris. June 9. 1780


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 19 June 1780
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear & honoured Sir.
L’Orient 19 June 1780.
This will be presented to you by Doctor John Foulke & Mr Fox who are warmly reccommended to me from Philadelphia. I beg leave to introduce them to you & shall be particularly obliged by your Civilities to them.
I am with the greatest Respect Dear & honoured Sir Your dutifull & affectionate Kinsman
Jona Williams J
The Honable Doctor Franklin

Addressed: A monsieur / Monsieur Franklin / Ministre plenipotentiaire / des Etats unis de l’amerique / Septentrionale en son Hotel / A Passy prés Paris.
  Notation: Jona Williams 19 June 1780


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Marquise de Lafayette, 20 June 1780
From: Lafayette, Marie-Adrienne-Françoise de Noailles, marquise de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

ce 20 Juin 1780
On m’a dit, monsieur, qu’on avoit eu des nouvelles de Charlestown. Elles m’interessent trop vivement, pour que je n’aye pas quelques droits, a vous demander ce que vous pourriés, et ce que vous voudries bien m’en dire; et Si ce qu’on debitoit, il y a quelques jours de La deroute des anglois, et de la mort du Gal. [General] Clinton se confirme. Ce ne peut être, monsieur, qu’a titre de bonne americaine, et de femme de celui qui recoit des americains, et de vous en particulier, des marques de bonté, si precieuses pour nous, que j’ose vous importuner de toutes ces questions. Pardonnes Les moy je vous en Supplie, rendés justice a La Sincerité de mes sentimens et receves en lhommage.
Jai lhonneur detre, monsieur, votre tres humble et très obeissante servant
NOAILLES DE LA FAYETTE

Notation: Me. De Lafayette 20. Juin 1780.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Joseph Gardoqui & fils, 21 June 1780
From: Joseph Gardoqui & fils
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Bilbao the 21st. June 1780.
The safe arrivall in our River after a passage of 34 days from Sallem in New England of the ship the Generall Pickering Capt Jonathan Haraden, gives us by the desire of the Master an opportunity of Troubling your good self with the present lines, & will serve to Informe you that he haveing either misslaid, or the Board of warr not haveing delivered him a letter for us with a very large order to ship on his Vessell many Articles presisly wantted for that Continent as we are for the want of the letter & order deprived of the pleasure of serving that Honourable Corporation finds that he will have a good deal of room to spare on Board his ship; therefore rather than to take any goods on freight on any privatte Account, he has requested us to make you an offer of what room there may be left on his ship after he receives the Articles that Can be purchased with the value of the cargoe of Sucars that he has delivered us.
The Ship is upwards of 200 Tons Burden, New, Sailes Imconparably well, armed with 16 guns 6 pounders & Two nine pounders, & will be manned before he departs with between 50 a 60 good hands; Therefore should you think proper to proffitt of this opportunity you may be assured that what ever orders you shoud be pleased to honour us with for the purpose, will be attended to, with the utmost punctuality & Care.
We sinserely offer you the Tenders of our abillitys in this place, & remmain with the highest respectt Sir your mt obligd obt hble Serts,
Joseph Gardoqui & SONS

We Trouble you with an Account of the Engagment sustained by Capt Haraden against a Lugger of Triple his force. a Governo
His Exelency Benjamin Franklin Esqre.

Addressed: His Excellency / Benjamin Franklin Esqr. / Minister Plenipottenciary / from the United States of / America &a In / Paris
Notation: Gardoqui Joseph & Sons Bilbao 21. June 1780.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Paul Jones, 21 June 1780
From: Jones, John Paul
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir.
L’Orient June 21st. 1780
I was detained at Versailles forty hours from the time of my arrival, and was then informed by M de Genet that an express had been sent from Court with the necessary orders to the Kings Officers at L’Orient respecting Captain Landais and the Alliance. I found myself here early yesterday morning fifty four hours after leaving Versailles. The Alliance had the Evening and Night before been warped and towed from the Road of L’Orient to Port Louis and no Express from Court had arrived here, M. de Thevenard the Commandant however made every necessary preparation to stop the Alliance as appears by the inclosed document on the Subject. He had even sent his orders in the Evening before I was aware to fire on the Alliance and sink her to the bottom if they attempted to approach and pass the barrier that had been made across the Entrance of the Port. Had I even remained Silent an hour longer the dreadful work would have been done.— Your Humanity will I know Justify the part I acted in preventing a scene that would have rendered me miserable for the rest of my life.— The Alliance has this Morning been warped and towed through the Rocks and is now at Anchor without between Port Louis & Groa. In this situation I at Noon sent out Lieutenant Dale with a letter to Captain Landais whereof the within is a Copy.— When Lieutenant Dale returns I will render you an Account of the event.—
Yesterday Morning the within letter was brought me from Mr. Lee, tho’ I had never even hinted that his Opinion or advice would be acceptable. He has however pulled off the Masque, and I am Convinced is not a little disapointed that his Operations have not produced Blood-shed between the subjects of France and America, Poor Man.
Yesterday every thing that Perswasion or threatning could effect was attempted. I sent on board the inclosed letter to Captain Parke of the Marines with copies of yours of the 16th. to Captain Landais and to the Officers and People of the Alliance and an Extract of the agreeable part of your letter to me of the 12th. respecting money matters & ca. and I added a Postscript desiring an answer or a personal interview, and assuring them that they would on returning to their duty be done strict Justice with respect to their Interest in a few days, and all my influence should be exerted to obtain their excuse for the past.— The letter was delivered but I have as yet received no answer.— M de Thevenard on his part sent the deputy of M: Sweighauser on board with your letters under his own cover to Captain Landais and to the Officers and Men of the Alliance. The one was delivered to Captain Landais the’ other to the Lieutenant Degge.— M De Thevenard also sent on board an Officer with the Kings order to arrest Captain Landais who refused to surrender himself.— Mr Lee and his party pretend to Justify their measures because they say you did not put Captain Landais under Arrest,— according to them you Cannot displace him however great in Crimes! If this Government does not interfere to crush that despicable party, France and America have got much to fear from it. I verily believe them to be English at the bottom of their hearts.— I am ever with the highest Esteem and most profound respect. Dear sir, Your affectionate and most humble Servt.
Jno P Jones

N.B. Mr. Dale has this moment brought me the within impertinent Note from Capt. Landais. I understand that the Alliance is to remain under Groa till the Prize Money is Paid.

Notation: J.P. Jones L’Orient June 21. 1780


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 21 June 1780
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear & hond Sir.
A L’Orient le 21 Juin 1780
I have not written you since the 14 Instant because everything has been here in such a State of Confusion and Suspence and I chose to say nothing ’till I could say something decisively. I must now inform you that there is no prospect of Capt Jones’s regaining the Alliance, she is under Groix and nothing but fair Combat and Superiour Force can alter the Government of her. For the Detail of this Affair I refer you to other Letters which you will receive no doubt by this Post.
The 2000 Suits of Cloaths are arrived & I have 2000 more on the Way, besides which all that remained at Brest M. de Chaumont has ordered hither, thus we shall have more than the ariel can carry and I have no other Ship except a small Brig of Mr Moylans nor do I see a prospect of getting one unless Government should grant us one. I hope you will approve the Steps I have taken and favour me with your answer.—
You will hear from Nantes that News is come there of the Marquis de la Fayettes safe arrival in Boston.
I am ever with the greatest Respect Dear & hond Sir Your most dutifull & Affectionate Kinsman
Jona Williams J

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Franklin / Ministre Plenipotentiaire / des Etas Unis en son Hotel / a Passy prés Paris
Notation: Jona Williams 21 June 80


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Dumas: Two Letters, 22 June 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric

I.
Dear sir
Passy, June 22. 1780.
I received duly yours of May 23. June 2, 6. 8. and 15.— Inclosed you have a Letter for the Gentleman you recommended to me. He seems to be a man of Abilities.

The Words before I leave Europe, had no Relation to any Particular immediate Intention, but to the General one I flatter myself with, of being able to return and spend there the Small Remains of Life that are left me.
I have written distinctly to Messrs. de Neufville concerning those Bills. I hear that 484 was at New Bern the 12th. of April, and soon to sail from thence or from Virginia for france. Probably he might not sail in some Weeks after, as Vessels are often longer in fitting out than was expected.— If it is the fier Rodrigue a 50 gun Ship, that he comes in, I have just heard that She would not sail till the Middle of may.
Herewith you have the Judgment relating to the flora, which I thought had been sent before.
The Mischiefs done by the Mob in London are astonishing! They were, I hear within an Ace of destroying the Bank with all the Books relating to the funds, which would have created infinite confusion. I am grieved at the Loss of Charlestown. Let us hope soon to hear better News from the Operations of the french and Spanish forces gone to America.
With great Esteem, I am ever Dear Sir, Your &c.
M. Dumas

II.
Dear Sir
Passy, June 22. 1780.
As the English do not allow that we can make legal Prizes, they certainly cannot detain the Dutch Ship the Berkenboos, on Pretence that it was become american Property before they took it, for the rest there is no doubt but the Congress will do what shall appear to be just, on a Proper Representation of facts laid before them, which the Owners should appoint some Person in America to do. Those Gentlemen may depend on my rendering them every service in my Power. I am &.
Mr. Dumas.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Joshua Johnson, 22 June 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Johnson, Joshua

Sir
Passy, June 22. 1780.
I duly received the Honour of your Letter acquainting me with your Acceptance of the Trust you were appointed to by Congress, and your Readiness to enter upon the Execution of it. I have delayed hitherto requesting your coming to Paris for that Purpose, because Mr. Deane, who had the Chief Management of all the Mercantile affairs, and whose Presence as well as Papers might be necessary to explain those transactions, has been long daily expected here, having written to me in December last from Virginia, that he was there in his Way to france, was to sail in the fendant, a French Man of war for Martinique, and thence take a passage hither. We have heard some time of the arrival of the Fendant at that Island, but I hear nothing of Mr. Deane. When I reflect on my time of Life I grow more impatient to have those Accounts settled: If therefore M. Deane Should not arrive in the Course of a Month, I must then desire you would come up, bring with you if you can, a good Clerk that is an Accountant, to copy &c. and let us do the Business together as well as we can.
On the Receipt of the Act of assembly from Maryland relating to their money in England, I wrote to the Commissioners there, sent them the Original Act after taking a Copy, and desired their immediate Answer whether they would execute the Trust, as something was required of me to be done in case of their Refusal. I have but just learnt by a Letter from Mr. Russel, that mine got to hand. He wrote me of the 13th. Instant, that Mr. Hanbury being at bath for his Health, he had written to him desiring to see him in town to answer my Letter; that the Answer dated the 10th Current, was, he should certainly be in town in a Month or sooner; and Mr. Russell adds, when he comes you may depend on our Answer.
I have the honour to be, Sir.
Mr. Johnson.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to John Rainey, 22 June 1780
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Rainey, John

Sir
Passy, June 22. 1780
I wrote to you in Answer to yours of the 12th. as Mercht: in Amsterdam, not knowing how to direct to you more particularly. Since that Letter we have received news from America which may be agreable to you. It is that the Congress, to prevent any loss to those who have lent them money, arising from the subsequent Depreciation of the Paper, have made a Resolution to repay the same according to its full value in the time of lending. This fixes your Property and secures you from the Loss you might otherwise have apprehended, on which I congratulate you; and am, Sir &c.
Mr. John Rainey.