Title: From George Washington to Hannah Fairfax Washington, 1 April 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Washington, Hannah Fairfax

My dear Madam,
Mount Vernon, April 1st 1791.

The letters with which you were pleased to honor me dated the 24th of February and 12th of March came duly to hand—The last at George-Town, the other at Philadelphia—but neither before arrangements had been taken (by letter) with the Supervisor of the Virginia District respecting the appointment of proper characters for collecting the duty on ardent Spirits and Stills.
At all times it would give me pleasure, as far as is consistent with my public duty, to comply with any request or wish of yours—To fill offices with characters best qualified to discharge the duties thereof (as far as I am able to judge of them) must

always be the primary motive to every appointment with me—When, happily, such considerations as you have urged in favor of Mr Norton can be combined therewith it would be highly pleasing to my mind to give them their due weight—but, as I have just observed, measures had been taken previous to the receipt of either of your letters for fixing on proper persons as receivers of the above duties—how far the choice of them is made I am unable to inform you.
Mrs Washington, I can answer for it, will be much pleased by your friendly recollection of her—and if we should once more enjoy in retirement this peaceful mansion, it would add to the pleasures of it to see you under its roof. I will not conclude without offering my condolence on the occasion of your late loss—and the strongest assurances of the affecte regard, with which I am &ca

G.W.


Title: To George Washington from John Baptista Ashe, 2 April 1791
From: Ashe, John Baptista
To: Washington, George

  Halifax, N.C., 2 April 1791. Introduces Benjamin Easley, a cadet in Captain Montfort’s company, who “flatters himself with filling” an ensigncy in the U.S. Army, and recommends his “Merit, and Abilities, equal to doing honor to the profession.”


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Jefferson, 2 April 1791
From: Jefferson, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philadelphia Apr. 2. 1791.

I had the honor of addressing you on the 27th Ult. since which letters are received of Jan. 26. from mister Carmichael,

and of Jan. 3. & 15. Madrid, and Feb. 6. and 12. Lisbon from Colo. Humphreys. as these are interesting and may tend to settle suspense of mind to a certain degree I shall trouble you with quotations from some parts & the substance of others.
Colo. H. says “I learn from other good authority, as well as from mister Carmichael, that all the representations of Gardoqui (when minister in America) tended to excite a belief that the most respectable & influential people throughout the U.S. did not wish to have the navigation of the Missisipi opened for years to come, from an apprehension such event would weaken the government & impoverish the Atlantic states by emigrations. it was even pretended that none but a handful of settlers on the Western waters & a few inhabitants of the Southern states would acquiesce in the measure.” this is the state of mind to which they have reverted since the crisis with England is passed, for during that the Count de Florida Blanca threw out general assertions that we should have no reason to complain of their conduct with respect to the Missisipi; which gave rise to the report it’s navigation was opened. the following passages will be astonishing to you who recollect that there was not a syllable in your letters to mister G.M. which looked in the most distant manner to Spain. Mr Carmichael says “something however might have been done in a moment of projects & apprehension had not a certain negociation carried on on our part at London, transpired, & which I think was known here rather from British policy than from the vigilance of the Marquis del Campo. entirely unacquainted with this manoeuvre, although in correspondence with the person employed I was suspected to be in the secret, this suspicion banished confidence, which returns by slow degrees. this circumstance induced me to drop entirely my correspondence with G.M. to continue it would have done harm, & certainly could do no good. I have seen extracts of the President’s letter communicated to the Duke of Leeds, perhaps mutilated or forged to serve here the views of the British cabinet. I do not yet despair of obtaining copies of those letters through the same channel that I procured the first account of the demands of G.B. & the signature of the late convention.” Colo. Humphreys says “the minister had intimations from del Campo of the conferences between mister Morris & the Duke of Leeds, which occasioned him to say with warmth to mister Carmichael now is your time to make a treaty with England. Fitzherbert availed himself of these conferences

to create apprehensions that the Americans would aid his nation in case of war.” your genuine letter could have made no impression. the British court then must have forged one, to suit their purpose, & I think it will not be amiss to send a genuine copy to Carmichael, to place our faith on it’s just ground. the principal hope of doing any thing now, is founded, either on an expected removal of the count de F.B. from the ministry, in which case persons will be employed who are more friendly to America, or to the bursting out of that fire which both gentlemen think but superficially covered. Mr Carmichael justifies himself by the interception of his letters. he has shewn the originals to Colo. H. he concludes his present letter with these words. “relying on the good opinion of me that you have been pleased to express on many occasions, I intreat you to engage the President to permit me to return to my native country.” Colo. Humphreys on the subjects of his justification & return says (after speaking of the persons likely to come into power) “mister Carmichael being on terms of intimacy with the characters here, is certainly capable of effecting more at this court than any other American. he is heartily desirous of accomplishing the object in view at all events, & fully determined to return to America in 12. or 18. months at farthest. he has expressed that intention repeatedly. to be invested with full powers, perhaps he would be able to do something before his departure from the continent” in his letter of Jan. 15. he says “mister Carmichael’s ideas are just: his exertions will be powerful & unremitting to obtain the accomplishment of our desires before his departure from this country. the task will now be difficult if not impracticable.” in that of Feb. 6. he says. “Mr Carmichael is much mortified that so many of his dispatches have miscarried. by the original documents, which I have seen in his hands I am convinced he has been extremely assiduous & successful in procuring early & authentic intelligence. it is difficult for a person at a distance to form an adequate judgement of the embarrasments to which a public man, situated as he was, is subjected, in making written communications, from such an inland place, & under such a jealous government. he appears disgusted with the country & the mode of life he is compelled to lead. he desires ardently to return to his native land; but he wishes to distinguish himself first by rendering some essential service to it if possible.”
I propose to write to mister Carmichael that your absence prevents

my asking the permission he desires, that as it is natural he should wish to do something which may make favorable impressions here before his return & an opportunity is now offered him, I will suspend asking his recall till I hear further from him.
Governour Quesada, by order of his court, is inviting foreigners to go & settle in Florida. this is meant for our people. debtors take advantage of it & go off with their property. our citizens have a right to go where they please. it is the business of the states to take measures to stop them till their debts are paid. this done, I wish a hundred thousand of our inhabitants would accept the invitation. it will be the means of delivering to us peaceably, what may otherwise cost us a war. in the mean time we may complain of this seduction of our inhabitants just enough to make them believe we think it very wise policy for them, & confirm them in it. this is my idea of it. I have the honour to be with sentiments of the most perfect respect & attachment, Sir, your most obedt & most humble sert

Th: Jefferson


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Ustick, 2 April 1791
From: Ustick, Thomas
To: Washington, George

  Philadelphia, 2 April 1791. Has left a package at the presidential residence that Isaac Backus requested him to deliver to GW.


Title: To George Washington from Robert Ballard, 3 April 1791
From: Ballard, Robert
To: Washington, George

Sir
Balt[imore] April 3d 1791.

I discover by the Act of Congress for laying an Additional duty on Forriegn Spirits and Spirits Distilled in the U.S.—and that your Excellency & the Supervisor are to make appointments for carrying into effect the Services the Act requires to be performed. and furthermore that your Exellency may appoint such Officers of the Custom’s as may seem Proper to you. I am therefore humbly to sollicit your Exellency’s favor in granting and giving me the appointment of superintending and performing the duties for the Port of Baltimore agreeable to Law.
I have not had time to peruse the Law with strict attention, but I observe that the duties to be performed, will come more immediately under the Observation of the surveyor in Sea Port Town’s, than any other Person; he, being constantly employed on the Water & Wharfs. If Sir, I have read the Law right, the Supervisor makes appointments for the home made Spirits. In this Town at present there are only two both immediately on the Water; by each I pass in my Barge four times a day—the Duty to be performed there like wise come natural and easy for the Surveyor, and at the same time, save the Additional expence of another Boat and hands. Your kindness in giving me the Surveyors Place for this District will make a lasting impression on my mind, and I hope to merit by my works the good opinion of your Excellency. I beg to observe that altho⟨’⟩ I am pleased with the Office your Excellency has intrusted to my care, yet the Emoluments fall short of maintaining my family. My only wish now is to live to maintain my house full of Boys, give them an Education and make them usefull Citizens. I have the Honor to be with the greatest respect Your Excellency’s Most Obedt hum. Servt

Robert Ballard


Title: To George Washington from Augustus Christian George Elholm, 3 April 1791
From: Elholm, Augustus Christian George
To: Washington, George

Sir.
Natchez Aprl 3d 1791

As it is not to a singular Aptness nor the peculiar zeal! of a Suitor to wish I am indebted for the Progress in the Mathematics but to an indulged indefatigable Desire of finding or assertaining the Natural Opporation of the Causes from their Visible Effects! and sensible of Your Extensive Knowledge in this Science! and also from Experience that a Powerfull Share of an innate Sanguinity may lead us imperceptibly astray; and that the strenght of Our Reason can not be esteemed perfect, nor it’s Decree inseparable from irror unless with Success it has Stood the Tryal by an infalible Judge! It is now first that the approved Axioms of Eucid’s Elements Could Concquor My diffidence to render the Efforts of My Study known to You! and declare that I have discovered the Quadrature of the Circle heretofore Sought in Vain! and Solicit a Public Examination under the wings of Your influensive Patronage! and presence to give Lusture to So long hidden a Solution: a Discovery that will enable Skillfull Mathematicians to explain the Physicle Cause of the Obliguity of the Ecliptic with the Equator: the annual Revolution and Rotation of Our Globe! with other Phenomina—and as it is with greater endeavor if Greater can be than what acquired me the Sense of the honoble Congress Recorded on it’s journal the 11th of May 1785 that I now address Your influence to give Sanction to a Public Utility; Your Magnanimity Affords me the pleasing assurence that my Philosophic Toil Shall benefit from Your Love of Arts!
I here beg leave to refere You to the following Extract of a

Letter written to the honble Brigdr Genl Charles C. Pinckney viz:
“In the Cours of my above mentioned Study; I have happily discovered the true proportion between the Diametter, and it’s Pheriphery: a Resolution that has ever been desired by the greatest Mathematicians but not expected to be found: Who therefore have Contented themselves with an approximation.
“I wish that a premium may be offered to him who Can solve this Problem! to Effect which I [k]now none redier in Your Government; nor supperiour in Intrest than Yourselve and Your Freinds; By doing this You will propose no useless Expence to Your fellow Citizens but on one hand give a Singular Proof: that the Western Spirit Conscious of it’s Own Ability thinks no Problem within the Bounds of Human imagination unresolvable by Man! Whilst on the other You will advance an infalible Step to promode a usefull System to the World.”
The Method Geomettrically, as well as by Calculation with exactness to give the Length of the imaginary Line that divides the Area; of a Circle from the Compliment of the Contents of it’s Circumscribed Sqare promises a perfection in Astronomy, Gonery; Mechanism, and Navigation; and consequently Can no less Claim the attention of Yourselve, the Honble Senate, and Representitives than What it will Sooth the united Spirit in Your System.
To conclude I beg leave to repeat my incessent wish for a public Examination “that both the Learned And unlearned may See I do not avoit the judgment of any” by Submitting My discovery to the investigation of a Collected body of able Mathematicians, and the most popular Personage to preside.
It was thus Nicolas Copernicus Successfully dedicated his Astronomical knowledge to the Popular Pontiff Leo Xth Similar to Myself from a Remote Corner of the Earth.
I wish You health and peace and that you may live to the highest period of a Most desirable Age; at the head of a Wise Senate, a Spiritid and equally Patriotic House, of Representitives, and a powrfull united People! under the peculiar Care of heavn.

Augstus Christn Geo: Elholm


Title: From George Washington to Tobias Lear, 3 April 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Lear, Tobias

Dear Sir,
Mount Vernon April 3d 1791.

Since my last to you—from George Town—I have, I believe, received your letters of the 23d, 24th, & 27th ult.
Whether a certain Gentleman is the man I conceived him to be, or such a one as is hinted at in the letter you enclosed me, is not yet certain; but, admitting the latter, it is too late to look back.—I cannot be in a less productive situation by the engagement than I was;—the principal disadvantage resulting from it will be, that I can never count upon the payments until they are actually made;—consequently, can never speculate upon the money which I wished to have done.—If I recollect rightly, there is something in Colo. Cannons letter (transmitted to you) concerning the Kanhaway lands—if it is indicative of an intention to let them, or, that he conceives himself empowered to do it, I desire you will inform him of the Sale of them.—
You did well in forwarding the letters from the Western territory, although they were, upon opening of them, found to be laws only.—
Until we can restrain the turbulance and disorderly conduct of our own borderers it will be in vain I fear to expect peace with the Indians,—or that they will govern their own people better than we do our’s.
Mr Jefferson’s ideas with respect to the dispatches for me, is a very good one, & I desire it may be put into execution.—I send you some letters to file, not finding it convenient to be

encumbered with them on my journey.—My best wishes attend Mrs Lear and I am Yr sincere friend and Affectionate Servant,

Go: Washington.


Title: To George Washington from Tobias Lear, 3 April 1791
From: Lear, Tobias
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia April 3d 1791.

General Knox informed me that in consequence of Colo. Blaine’s letter he had recommended it to Colo. Duer, the Contractor, to employ him in that Country in the way that he wishes, if Blaine will accept of a secondary part in the business of supplying the troops. But whether it will be done or not, was uncertain at the time of General Knox’s mentioning the matter to me.
As we have not yet heard anything from Fraunces, I informed his Son, last evening, that, unless he either came on, or it was ascertained that he would come by next thursday, there would be no obligation on your part to with-hold any longer engaging a suitable Character for Steward if any could be found who might be unexceptionable. After that time, if Fraunces does not come, I will endeavour to take such measures as will determine the point with respect to Holker’s man. If he cannot be unexceptionably obtained, the best means that can be devised shall be used to get some other person qualified for the place.
I am sorry to say that the progress which Washington makes at his School by no means justifies the high Character given of that Seminary, nor in any degree answers the expectation which was formed of its excellence. I have lately taken several occasions to examine him, and have been surprized to find that he seems to have made no advances in the Latin since he left his instructor in New York. In reading & writing it is evident he has lost much, and as it was mentioned at the time of his entering that he would

not be put to arithmetic, it is not to be wondered at now that he cannot tell 100 from 1000. From the accounts which I have heard for some time part of the dignity wanting in the immediate government of the College—and the little subordination among the boys, particularly in the School where Washington attends, I have been led to doubt whether all that advantage would result from placing him there which the flattering account gave reason to expect. So fully are Colo. Hamilton and the Attorney General impressed with the circumstance of their Sons making no progress there that they are determined to remove them. The former sends his son, tomorrow, to Mr [Joseph] Bend who has opened a private School, in which the number of Scholars is limited to 25. Whether the latter has determined to send his son there or elsewhere I do not know; but he says that he finds his son has lost rather than otherwise since his being at the College—and he is therefore determined upon removing him. My having understood that these Gentlemen intended to remove their sons, all due to the unfavourable accounts which I had heard from other quarters, put me upon making more particular inquiries into the State of things there—which inquiries have terminated in convincing me that there are just grounds for censure in the conduct of that Seminary. If dignity be wanting in the head it is absurd to expect that there will be a due respect paid to the subordinate parts—Dr S. has so little of it that he makes himself rediculous to the lowest boys in the Schools who do not hesitate to speak of him in the most disrespectful terms—there has been more than one instance lately of the subordinate masters being hissed by the boys—and one of them pelted with dirt and Stones as he came out of School. The number of boys in each School is likewise a great Objection. In that where Washington goes there are upwards of one hundred boys, to attend whom there are but two masters, besides the principal. This circumstance is in itself a strong objection to the boys making any great progress, for I do not beleive that any man, let his talents & industry be what they may, can do justice to more than twenty five scholars at a time.
I have thought it a duty incumbent on me, Sir, to be thus explicit on this subject with you; because as I consider this Child to be in some measure under my inspection in this respect in your absence, I should be justly liable to censure if I neglected

to inform you of these circumstances which have come to my knowledge. I shall take an opportunity to inform Doctor Smith that the boy makes no progress, and must leave it to him to learn the cause of it until I have the honor to hear from you on the subject. Perhaps when it is found that members are leaving the School (which I am informed will be the case to the amount of 12 or 15 at least) new arrangements may be made and such measures taken as m[a]y ensure better management in future. Should this be the case, I am of opinion, as I ever have been, that it will be best for him to lay the foundation of his education in that Seminary where he may finish it. But if the present lax system is pursued I have no doubt but that he should be removed.
As Dunlap’s paper did not come yesterday I shall enclose the others of that date—and as there was an arrival in a short passage from Bristol yesterday after noon, I shall not close this letter ’till the last moment of the Mail in order that I may put in the papers of tomorrow morning if they come in in time.
Mrs Lear presents her best respects to you and unites with me in best wishes for all my friends at Mt Vernon &c.—if this letter should reach you before you leave that place. I shall direct this letter to Mt Vernon, Fredericksburg or Richmond—as you mentioned in your letter to Mrs Washington that you did not know when you should be able to leave George Town we cannot calculate upon your pursuing your journy on Monday as you expected when you left this place. With sentiments of the highest respect & purest affection I have the honor to be Sir, Your obliged & very humble Servt

Tobias Lear.


Title: From George Washington to Battaile Muse, 3 April 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Muse, Battaile

Sir,
Mount Vernon April 3d 1791

Your letter of the 20th of Jany came duly to hand, but at a time when public business pressed so heavily upon me that I could give no attention to private concerns.
I am sorry to hear of Mr Hickman’s loss & in consequence of it, remit his last years Rent. Buying & selling of leases with as much facility as one would do a horse or an Oxe, does not comport with my ideas of the improvement of the land; and for that reason it was, that the practice is guarded against. However, in the case of Mr Hickman, if the purchaser is a person of good character, and in appearance likely to answer my purposes as well as the prest occupier, I shall not object to the transifer.
Mr Hickman in his application to me, does not ask to be released from the transfer Rent—nor do I see upon what ground he could, as it will fall more upon the purchaser than seller; yet, if there is any thing in the case to make it necessary, I will not object to it. I am Yr Very Hble Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to William Tilghman, 3 April 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Tilghman, William

Sir,
Mount Vernon April 3d 1791.

The enclosed letters contain all the information I can give respecting the proceedings of Colvils Executors against Mr Sydney George. It will appear from these (as I think I mentioned to you) that the bond had been considered as lost, and that, the only resort, in case of non-payment was supposed to be to a Court of Chancery. Whether such a suit was instituted by Mr Chalmers is more than I am able to inform you, or whether any farther correspondence took place between Mr West & him does not appear from any papers I possess, or have access to.
It will be recollected that our dispute with G. Britain commenced soon after the interchange of the enclosed letters, and that the Courts of Justice were long shut up. During this period Mr John West, the acting Exr, died; Mrs Francina Colvil Executrix of the Will having done so before him. By these events I became the only surviving Exr and it must be noticed that from the year 1774 until the close of the War I was from home, and unable to give attention to this, or any other private concern—that previous thereto the Execution of the Will rested nearly, if not wholly, upon Mr John West—and that it is but lately that the bond has been recovered.
Under these circumstances I pray you to apply to the Representative of Mr Sydney George for payment of it—and in case of refusal to bring suit thereon, that in any event my administration in this particular may stand Justified. Through any channel you may direct, your fee & the cost of Suit shall be paid. I am Sir Your Most Obedient Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Boissieu de Gibert, 4 April 1791
From: Gibert, Boissieu de
To: Washington, George

Monseigneur
au Cap français isle St DomingueMaison de Mr Bouger negt Rue des religieusesLe 4 avril 1791

Le Mois De juin Dernier, jai Eû L’honneur de vous Ecrire une Premiere pour vous Supplier vous interesser a Mon Sort, a L’effet D’avoir une Plaçe auprès de vous ou Dans votre Dépendence. Mes talents se Bornent aux affaires Contentieuses a suivre une Correspondance française dresse des Memoires &c., mon âge Meur D’Environ quarante ans donne une asseurance d’assiduité a remplir mon Devoir, Et jose Le Dire a La Probité La plus intacte, Ce qui est Libre a Prendre information. Mon Cher fils agé de 16 an qui a une très Belle Pleume ne Demanderait pas moins D’avoir Conjointement avec moy Une Plaçe, soit Le Climat Pezant de cette Colonie, derengement de notre Santé, soit Le Changement tout nous Permet de nous En Retirer.
Veuillés Monsieur nous trouver en azile affin de nous Soutenir avec Agréement Chès vous a un Employ, j’ose Esperer que votre humanité Connûe vous y Portera, Je Suis avec Réspect Et Soumission Monseigneur Votre Soumis serviteur

Boissieu de Gibert


Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 4 April 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Dear Sir,
Mount Vernon April 4th 1791

Your letter of the 27th Ult. came duly to hand. For the information contained in it—and for the notes which accompanied the same, I thank you.

Every expedient, as I believe you know, is in operation to avert a War with the hostile Indian tribes—and to keep those who are in treaty with us in good temper; but I am nearly thoroughly convinced that neither will be effected, or, if effected, will be of short duration while land jobbing and the disorderly conduct of our borderers is suffered with impunity; and whilst the States individually are omitting no occasion to interfere in matters which belong to the general Government.
It is not more than four or five months since the Six Nations or part of them were assured (through the medium of Colo. Pickering) that thence forward they would be spoken to by the Government of the United States only and the same thing was repeated in strong terms to the Cornplanter at Philadelphia afterwards. Now, as appears by the extract from Mr King, the Legislature of New York are going into some negotiations with these very people. What must this evince to them? Why, that we pursue no system, and that our declarations are not to be regard. To sum the whole up in a few words—the interferences of States, and the speculations of Individuals will be the bane of all our public measures. Sincerely & Affectionately I am Yrs

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Henry Knox, 4 April 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Knox, Henry

Sir,
Mount Vernon April 4th 1791

To avoid the inconvenience of future delay in officering the Virginia battalion of levies, and to remove the uncertainty which your want of information might occasion, I have determined to attempt its completion, with the assistance of Colonel Darck, whom I have authorized by a letter of this date, to appoint three Captains, three lieutenants, and three Ensigns from among the Gentlemen of his part of the State, Berkley County—I shall take immediate measures for appointing a Major and the officers of the other Company—The Major will be directed to call on Colonel Darck, on his way to the War Office, and he will then carry a report to you of what has been done. I am Sir, Your most obedt Servt

G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Pierre-Charles L’Enfant, 4 April 1791
From: Washington, George
To: L’Enfant, Pierre Charles

Sir,
Mount Vernon April 4th 1791

Although I do not conceive that you will derive any material advantage from an examination of the enclosed papers, yet, as they have been drawn by different persons, and under different circumstances, they may be compared with your own ideas of a proper plan for the Federal City (under the prospect which now presents itself to us.)—For this purpose I commit them to your private inspection until my return from the tour I am abt to make. The rough sketch by Mr Jefferson, was done under an idea that no offer, worthy of consideration, would come from the Land holders in the vicinity of Carrollsburg (from the backwardness which appeared in them); and therefore, was accommodated

to the grounds about George Town. The other, is taken up upon a larger scale, without reference to any described spot.
It will be of great importance to the public interest to comprehend as much ground (to be ceded by individuals) as there is any tolerable prospect of obtaining. Although it may not be immediately wanting, it will nevertheless encrease the Revenue; and of course be benificial hereafter, not only to the public, but to the individual proprietors; in as much, as the plan will be enlarged, and thereby freed from those blotches, which otherwise might result from not comprehending all the lands that appear well adapted to the general design; and which, in my opinion, are those between Rock Creek, Potowmac river and the Eastern branch, as far up the latter as the turn of the channel above Evans’ point; thence including the flat back of Jenkin’s height; thence to the Road leading from George Town to Bladensburgh, as far Easterly along the same as to include the branch which runs across it, somewhere near the exterior of the George Town cession; thence in a proper direction to Rock Creek at, or above the ford, according to the situation of the ground.
Within these limits there may be lands belonging to persons incapacitated, though willing to convey on the terms proposed; but such had better be included, than others excluded, the proprietors of which are not only willing, but in circumstances to subscribe. I am Sir Your Most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Robert Powell, 4 April 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Powell, Robert

Sir,
Mount-Vernon, April 4th 1791.

Being induced by the fair representation which is made to me of your character I do hereby notify to you your appointment to

be Major Commandant of a battalion of Levies, directed by an act of Congress to be raised for the service of the United States in the State of Virginia—and I enclose to you a statement of the pay, clothing, and rations, and forage allowed to the said battalion.
It will be necessary, if you accept the appointment, that you should come immediately to Mount-Vernon, as I shall leave it within a day or two—and I wish to give you some directions before you repair to the Secretary of war, from whom you will receive your commission and instructions. I am Sir, Your most obedient Servant

G. Washington.


Title: From George Washington to Beverley Randolph, 4 April 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Randolph, Beverley

Sir,
Mount-Vernon, April 4th 1791.

The enclosed letter to Colonel Carrington, requesting him to meet me at Richmond on the 11th of the present month, is transmitted to your Excellency’s care to ensure the certainty of it’s conveyance, and I beg leave to request, if there is no other immediate and direct opportunity, that you may cause it to be forwarded to him by express. I have the honor to be, with great regard and esteem, Your Excellency’s most obedient Servant

G. Washington.


Title: To George Washington from John Bowman, 5 April 1791
From: Bowman, John
To: Washington, George

  Peachtree, S.C., 5 April 1791. Invites GW to accept the accommodations of his house near the Charleston road fourteen miles from Georgetown, S.C., where he “will do my self the honour of meeting your Excellency.”


Title: To George Washington from Tobias Lear, 5 April 1791
From: Lear, Tobias
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia April 5th 1791.

The enclosed letter from Mr G. Morris, was yesterday put into my hands by Mr R. Morris, having come under cover to him.
I was yesterday asked by the Vice-Presidt if it was true that information had been received of Count Andriani’s having written things to Europe unfavourable to and disrespectful of this Country. I told him that such information had been received—repeating the purport of that contained in Colo. H.’s Letter. He appeared extremely vexed at the Count, and spoke of him in very harsh terms. He said that the Count had brot a letter to him from Dr Price recommending him to his notice, but not having formed a very good opinion of him, he had paid him but little Attention. In future he should make it a point to deny himself if the Count should call upon him, and should he meet him elsewhere he should treat him with a marked contempt. He further added that he should let Dr Price know what an unworthy Character he had introduced to him—and beg in future that he would be more cautious in his recommendations. I relate this conversation, because it struck me as being pointedly introduced.
The Attorney General called upon Mrs Washington today, and informed her that three of his Negroes had given him notice that they should tomorrow take advantage of a law of this State, and claim their freedom—and that he had mentioned it to her from an idea that those who were of age in this family might follow the example, after a residence of six months should put it in their power. I have therefore communicated it to you that you might, if you thought best, give directions in the matter respecting the blacks in this family.
Mrs Washington has just now received your letter from Mount Vernon, where we are happy to hear that you arrived well. She does not write at this time, but desires to be remembered. The family continue in good health. Mrs Lear unites with me in best respects. I have the honor to be with the highest respect & warmest attachment—Sir—Your most Obedt Servt

Tobias Lear.


Title: From George Washington to Tobias Lear, 6 April 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Lear, Tobias

Dear Sir,
Mount Vernon April 6th 1791.

Your letters of the 31st Ult. and 1st instant have been received—Tomorrow I continue my journey. A request of General Knox’s (consequent of Colo. Lee’s declining his appointment) to name Officers for the Battn of Levies to be raised in Berkeley &ca has prevented its being done sooner.
I am perfectly satisfied that every necessary & proper step will be taken to procure a good Steward, and a good House keeper; and therefore shall add nothing further on this head—Let the man who is at work in the Garden, or has been there, be paid—I mean to be under no obligation to anyone.
The pad arrived in good time, and I expect my horses (as they seem well recruited) will go on better than they have come. I send more letters to be filed—my best wishes attend Mrs Lear and the Child, and I am sincerely & Affecty Yrs

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Richard Butler, 7 April 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Butler, Richard

Sir,
Mount Vernon, April 7th 1791.

The necessity of placing the organization of the Virginia battalion of levies upon a certain footing before I leave Mount Vernon, which I shall do this morning, has induced me to authorise Colonel Darke, who lives near Shepherd’s town in Berkley-county to appoint all the Officers to the battalion, and when they are appointed to direct the Major to repair to Philadelphia to receive the orders of the Secretary of war, and the other officers to commence the recruiting service.
Should Colonel Hall decline, and Colonel Darke chuses to accept, he will be appointed to command the regiment.
I have given this information to you to prevent any clashing in the measures which might be adopted to officer the battalion, and as it may be best that you should see Colonel Darke as soon as you have finished what remains to be done in Maryland—I have informed him that you are on the way through Maryland to Virginia for the purpose of completing the arrangements of both battalions, informing him that he is in the meantime to continue the service which I have requested him to perform. I am Sir, your most obedient Servant

G. Washington.


Title: From George Washington to Henry Knox, 7 April 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Knox, Henry

Dear Sir
Mount Vernon April 7 1791.

Judging it necessary, before I left Mount Vernon, which I shall do this morning, to place the organization of the Virginia battalion of Levies on a certainty, I have devolved on Colonel Darck, who lives near Shepperds town in Berkley County, an authority to appoint all the officers, and, when appointed, to direct the Major to repair immediately to Philadelphia, to receive your instructions—and the Captains and Subalterns to commence the recruiting service.
Your further instructions, on this subject, you will either communicate to Colonel Darck by letter or forward to him by the Major when he waits on you.
If Colonel Hall declines, and Colonel Darck agrees to accept the command of the regiment, every thing will be in a regular train of settlement with Colonel Darck—but, if he should not enter into the service himself, I have directed him to report his expences in this business to you, and I have to request that his accounts may be examined and paid.
Should neither of these Gentn agree to command the regiment, I wish you to appoint some other person, the best qualified, who will accept. Your letter of the 1st instt to Major Jackson is received—a summary of what has been written to Colonel Darck will be communicated to Genl Butler for his government, in a letter, this morning. I am Dear sir &ca

G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Giuseppe Chiappe, 10 April 1791
From: Chiappe, Giuseppe
To: Washington, George

Excellence
Mogador [Morocco] 10 Avrîl 1791

Ja’i eû L’honneaur d’ecrire a V.E. voie de Londres & sous couverte du Consul General des Venerables Etats, Le 18me Janvier añè courent, informente V.E. de Tout ce que êtoit passè dans Le noveau Regnè de Sid Mulai Liezid jousque a cette Epoque, & comme je crois mon devoir de continuer Les de plus novelles passêes après je me fais L’honeaur de les humilier à V.E.
S.M.I, à dejá recûes avec beaucoup de distinction Trois ambassades; La primiere celle de Raguza, La 2de de Portogal & La 3me d’Englaterre qui est arrivè a Salè (ũ Se Trouve encore S.M.) Le 22me du passè Mars. Toutes Les Trois ils se sont faites hoñeaier mais en particulier Les deux de Portogal & Englaterre qu’ils ont portes des beaux riches presents, un accompagnement d’Officiers, Musiciens & soldats, outre L’avoir dispenchè une bonne parti d’Argent aux Ministres & Officiers de La Court; Ce que je previen avec respect a V.E. pour gouvernement, êtant que aujourdhuy Les Presents & Les despenches de La Court sont alterèes & differentes considerablement de les passèes.
On attend en peu de Temps Toutes Les autres Ambassades, & ceux que nous voions plus proches sont. De Françe, d’Ollande, de Venize & de Genes des quelles nous en avôns quellques Noveles. Je souaite que celle des Etats-Unis Tres respectables, puisse Les devençer pour prouver a S.M.I. l’empressément qu’ils Anime a Se procurer son amitiè & correspondence.
S.M. en peu de jour passerà sanz doute a la Court de Maroc selon Toutes Les dernieres Noveles de Salè & il faudra que je haitte me presenter comme Les de plus Charges des Nationts, & a mon retour J’aurai l’honneaur de faire part de Tout a V.E.
Le 1⟨3⟩ me Fevrier êst arrivè a cet Port venant de Londres avec des Merchandisses La Sloop Ameriquene Le Dolphin sous Capn William Sharpe, son Equipage de six persones & je me prend La Libertè de rapresenter a V.E. Les procedures du susdit

Capn pour qu’ils me Soient de justification dans L’activitè & Zele avec Le quelle je procure d’assister L’Illre Nation.
Le jour apree son arrivé il se me presenta en acte de Compliment avec son Racomendataire, je L’ai informè del encharge que j’avoit pour l’asistençe de la Nation, je lui ai offert La même & mes particulieres Services, & depuis se jour La je n’ai eû plus Le plaisir de Le voir, & il est parti pour Londres Le 15me mars Sanz prendere, ne Manifest, ne Patent de Santè, de mon office.
Mes hautes desires sont Toujour d’être utile aux respectables Etats, & de pouvoir demontrer a V.E. Le grand respect & consideration avec le quelle j’ai L’hoñeaur d’être Tres profondement De Votre Excellence Le Tres Humble & Tres Obbt Serviteu⟨r⟩

Giuseppe Chiappe


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Jefferson, 10 April 1791
From: Jefferson, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philadelphia Apr. 10. 1791.

I had the honor of addressing you on the 2d inst. which I presume would overtake you at Richmond. the present I imagine will not overtake you till you get to Wilmington. since my last I have been honoured with your two letters of March 31. and two others of Apr. 4. one of which was circular. a copy of this I sent to the Vice president, and as Colo. Hamilton has asked a consultation on a letter of mister Short’s we shall have a meeting with the Vice-president tomorrow. I will then ask their advice also on the communication to Colo. Beckwith relative to the supplies to the Indians. finding, within a day or two after my

  letter to you of Mar. 27. that Putnam was gone to the Westward, I detained my letter to him, and applied to Genl Knox from whom I obtained some information on the Eastern boundary. no official information of the affair of Moose island is received here. perhaps it is on the road to you. nor do we hear anything more of the disturbance said to have arisen on the borders of New York. I have asked the favour of my friend mister Madison to think on the subject of the Consular commission to mister Barclay. so far as we have done so & conferred together as yet, we are both of opinion it may be used; but we shall think & confer further. I presume your only doubt arose on the constitutional powers to ‘supply vacancies’ during the recess of Congress. there was an omission also (which might strike your mind) of the limitation of the commission ‘till the end of the next session of Congress.’ as the constitution limits them, this clause is always useless; however as it does no harm it has been usually inserted in the commissions. but in the case of mister Barclay such a clause would require a very awkward explanation to the Emperor of Marocco: and as mister Barclay is apprised of the constitutional determination of his commission it was thought better to omit the useless expression of it. the acquisition of ground at George town is really noble. considering that only £25. an acre is to be paid for any grounds taken for the public. and the streets not to be counted, which will in fact reduce it to about £19. an acre, I think very liberal reserves should be made for the public, your proclamation came to hand the night of the 5th. Dunlap’s & Bache’s papers for the morning of the 6th being already filled, I could only get it into Brown’s evening paper of the 6th or the 7th. the bill for the federal buildings passed the representatives here by 42. to 10. but it was rejected yesterday by 9. to 6. in the Senate, or, to speak more exactly, it was postponed till the next session. in the meantime spirited proceedings at George-town will probably, under the continuance of your patronage, prevent the revival of the bill. I received last night from Majr L’Enfant a request to furnish him any plans of towns I could, for his examination. I accordingly send him, by this post, plans of Frankfort on the Mayne, Carlsruhe, Amsterdam, Strasburg, Paris, Orleans, Bordeaux, Lyons, Montpelier, Marseilles, Turin and Milan, on large & accurate scales, which I procured while in those towns respectively. they are none of

them however comparable to the old Babylon, revived in Philadelphia, & exemplified, while in Europe I selected about a dozen or two of the handsomest fronts of private buildings of which I have the plates. perhaps it might decide the taste of the new town, were these to be engraved here, and distributed gratis among the inhabitants of Georgetown. the expence would be trifling.
I inclose you extracts from a letter of mister Short’s of Jan. 24. one of Jan. 28. has since come to hand, containing nothing but a translation of the Letter said to have been written by the emperor to the king of France, but which he suspects to be a forgery, a forged bull of the pope having lately appeared in the same way. he says very serious differences have arisen between the minister of Prussia at Liege, and the Imperial commanding officer there.
I also inclose the debates of the Pennsylvania assembly on the bill for the federal buildings, and the bill itself; and have the honor to be with sentiments of the most perfect respect & attachment Sir Your most obedient & most humble servt

Th: Jefferson


Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 10 April 1791
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

Sir,
War Department [Philadelphia], 10th April, 1791.

I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your separate letter of the 4th instant, and also of your joint letter of the same date, to the heads of the departments.
By the information from Fort Harmar of the 17th, and Pittsburg of the 31st, it would appear that the Delawares and Wyandots are committing depredations, and that they will be joined in the War against us.
But what is still more disagreeable, it is to be apprehended that the Senekas mainly may be in the same predicament.
For a party of Munsey or Delaware Indians, who reside upon the waters of the Allegany, towards lake Erie, on the 21st ultimo, murdered Nine Men, Women and Children, within twenty miles of Fort Pitt, on the west side of the Allegany.
This was on the day the Cornplanter set out from Fort Pitt. The inhabitants were so blindly enraged, as to suspect the Cornplanter and his party, and agitated plans to cut him off—had they proceeded and succeeded, it would have completed the business, and the War would indisputably have become general—Lieutenant Jeffers, of the federal troops, accompanied the Cornplanter, and would probably have shared his fate.
Every exertion must be made to prevent the six Nations from

joining the Western Indians—The Post at french Creek must be strengthened, and perhaps a party sent to protect the Cornplanter’s settlements from the fang of the Whites.
Affairs being so critical with the six Nations, I have judged it adviseable to assemble them as soon as possible, in order to brighten the Chain of friendship and to prevent all jealousies. I have accordingly desired Colonel Pickering, who may be depended upon to invite them to a Meeting, at some convenient place at an early day—and that in the mean time, that he should repair to this City for particular Orders. I shall lay this subject before the Vice-President, and the other heads of departments tomorrow, for their approbation.
The recruiting service proceeds well. I judge we have about three hundred Regulars and levies inlisted at different places, to Connecticut inclusively.
One Company of levies well clothed, will march from Carlisle about the 25th and the rest as fast as recruited.
The marching of the Regulars will commence by Companies. I hope by the first of May, and follow in succession, as fast as recruited.
Present appearances indicate, that the main force will be collected by the 15th of July, as originally designed.
Brigadier General Butler, was directed to have set off for Maryland on the 6th but he has delayed it until this day. But as the Virginia and Maryland Levies, will not have far to march, I hope they will be on the frontiers, by the 15th or 20th of June. I have the honor to be With the highest Respect Your Obedient humble servant

H. Knoxsecy of War


Title: To George Washington from Tobias Lear, 10 April 1791
From: Lear, Tobias
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia April 10th 1791.

Since my letter of the 5th I have been honored with your favors of the 3d & 6th of the present month, with their enclosures.
In Colo. Cannon’s letter to you there appear’d (as you apprehended) an idea that he conceived himself authorized to let your lands on the Ohio and Kanawa; but he does not express an intention of doing anything respecting them until he shall have seen you, which he expected would have been the case this spring. I have, however, written to him (by the post) giving information of your having disposed of those lands—and shall send a duplicate of my letter to him by one of the Representatives from that County when the Assembly rises, which it is expected to do this week.
As there have been no further accounts from Fraunces, either through his son or from himself, it is presumable that he does not intend to come; I have, therefore, taken such measures to ascertain the point with respect to Holker’s man, that if he inclines, and has it in his power to come, he may do it without any impropriety on either part.
The man who has been employed in the Garden shall be paid agreeable to your directions; and every attention shall be given to have it kept in complete order by our own people. Rhemur and Jacob have little else to do at present.
Mrs Washington has, for some days past, been very much afflicted with a violent cold—which confined her to her Chamber and swelled her face very much; but she is now, thank God, recovering very fast, and today appears tolerably well. The Children and the rest of the family enjoy good health—Mrs Lear begs you to accept her grateful respects & best wishes for a continuance

of your health—With the most sincere Attachment & highest respect, I have the honor to be—Sir, Your obliged & very humble svt

Tobias Lear.


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 11 April 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philada April 11th 1791.

  I have just received a letter from Mr King in these words—“Mr Elliot, who it has been said was appointed will not come to America, owing say his friends here to a disinclination on his part which has arisen from the death of his eldest or only son. Mr Seaton yesterday read me an abstract of a letter from London dated February 2. & written, as he observed, by a man of information, which says—‘Mr Frazer is appointed Plenipotentiary to the United States of America and will go out as soon as it is ascertained here that a correspondent character is appointed in America’—Although Mr Elliott might not have been altogether adequate to the appointment, yet he would not have been a bad choice; it is questionable whether we can say even as much as that for Mr Frazer, who is probably the Gentleman lately resident with the Hans towns, and formerly consul at Algiers, and who is said to be a wrong headed impetuous man. Should this information be correct, the appointment is not only unpromising but is also a pretty strong proof of the misguided opinions of the British administration concerning this Country.”

Nothing except the foregoing letter occurs worth communication more than is contained in my official dispatch herewith. With the truest and most respectful attachment I have the honor to be Sir Your Obedt Servant

A. Hamilton


Title: From George Washington to Tobias Lear, 12 April 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Lear, Tobias

Dear Sir,
Richmond [Va.], April 12th. 1791.

Since my last to you from Mount Vernon, your letters of the 3d. and 5th. Instant have been recd., the last at this place where I arrived yesterday to dinner.
If the case is as you suspect, it is expedient and proper to remove Washington to a School in which he will make some progress in his learning; and that it is so, I have had some suspicions for some time, principally on account of his fondness of going to the College. Boys of his age are better pleased with relaxed discipline—and the inattention of their tutors, than with conduct that brings them forward. It would have been highly pleasing to me (for the reasons, which I have often expressed) to have continued Washington at the College, but, if after the enquiries you have made, it should appear, that there is either incompetency in the masters from the number of boys in the School, or from other causes, I will not waste his time in compliment to that Seminary,—but before you finally decide on this matter, it is my wish as Colo. Hamilton, Genl. Knox and the Attorney-General have sons in the same predicament (if they are

not removed) that you would consult and act in Concert with them; & I shall be satisfied in whatever is done in consequence of it. And should like to have him at the same School that Hamilton’s son goes to.
The Attorney-General’s case and mine I conceive, from a conversation I had with him respecting our Slaves, is some what different. He in order to qualify himself for practice in the Courts of Pennsylvania, was obliged to take the Oaths of Citizenship to that State; whilst my residence is incidental as an Officer of Government only, but whether among people who are in the practice of enticing slaves even where there is no colour of law for it, this distinction will avail, I know not, and therefore beg you will take the best advise you can on the subject, and in case it shall be found that any of my Slaves may, or any for them shall attempt their freedom at the expiration of six months, it is my wish and desire that you would send the whole, or such part of them as Mrs. Washington may not chuse to keep, home—for although I do not think they would be benefitted by the change, yet the idea of freedom might be too great a temptation for them to resist. At any rate it might, if they conceived they had a right to it, make them insolent in a State of Slavery. As all except Hercules and Paris are dower negroes, it behoves me to prevent the emancipation of them, otherwise I shall not only loose the use of them, but may have them to pay for. If upon taking good advise it is found expedient to send them back to Virginia, I wish to have it accomplished under pretext that may deceive both them and the Public;—and none I think would so effectually do this, as Mrs. Washington coming to Virginia next month (towards the middle or latter end of it, as she seemed to have a wish to do) if she can accomplish it by any convenient and agreeable means, with the assistance of the Stage Horses &c. This would naturally bring her maid and Austin—and Hercules under the idea of coming home to Cook whilst we remained there, might be sent on in the Stage. Whether there is occasion for this or not according to the result of your enquiries, or issue the thing as it may, I request that these Sentiments and this advise may be known to none but yourself & Mrs. Washington. From the following expression in your letter “that those who were of age might follow the example of his (the Attorney’s people) after a residence of six months”—it would seem that none could apply

before the end of May—& that the non age of Christopher, Richmond & Oney is a bar to them.
I offer Mrs. Lear the child and yourself my best wishes—and with Sincere Esteem I am Your Affecte. friend


Title: From George Washington to the Officials and Citizens of Richmond, 12 April 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Officials and Citizens of Richmond

Gentlemen,
[Richmond, Va., 12 April 1791]

The very distinguished manner in which you are pleased to notice my public services, and to express your regard towards me, demands and receives a grateful and affectionate return.
If to my agency in the affairs of our common-country may be ascribed any of the great advantages, which it now enjoys, I am amply and most agreeably rewarded in contemplating the happiness, and receiving the approbation of my fellow-citizens, whose freedom and felicity are fixed, I trust for ever, on an undecaying basis of wisdom and virtue.
Among the blessings which a gracious Providence may be pleased to bestow on the people of America, I shall behold with peculiar pleasure the prosperity of your city, and the individual happiness of its inhabitants.

G. Washington.


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Sumter, Sr., 12 April 1791
From: Sumter, Thomas Sr.
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Stateburgh [S.C.] 12th April 1791.

Being informed by my son that he will wait on you in Cha[rle]ston at your arrival, I am happy in having an Occasion of offering you the sincerest welcome to our State, together with my best wishes for your health & happiness, not only at present but in perpetuity
In your travels you may yet remark the traces of British devastation, & I am afraid, the pernicious effects of impolitic counsels, and lax principles—But you will also discern a happy contrast to this representation, in the prospects of vigor & prosperity, that are now budding from the unity of Our American Governments, & which, have been so strongly Assured to us by the happy management which has charactered the first & most trying period of your Presidency—I hope Sir, this freedom will be excused as I have been moved to it from considerations of the highest esteem & the evermost regard—And likewise to declare how happy the People of this quarter & myself should be made, by having an opportunity of receiving one amongst us, who, is always thought & spoken of with most affectionate emotion.
We have been led to suggest our desire from a report of your having it in your intention to visit Collumbia & Camden, the first, lies opposite to State b⟨mutilated⟩ 30 miles distance & the

latter at not m⟨mutilated⟩ 20—So that the deviation will be perhaps, more trifling than the pleasure which the view of those Highlands, may afford, which have been doubtless described to you—Allow me Dear Sir, to subscribe myself with the truest sentiments of respect & regard yr most Obdt Hbe Sert

Thos Sumter senr


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Coleman, 13 April 1791
From: Coleman, Samuel
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Council Office Richmond [Va.] April 13th 1791.

Having declined the Appropriation to your own private Emolument of certain shares in the Potowmack and James river Companies, which it was the intention of the Legislature of this State to have vested in you; and having given the preference to such public Appropriation of them as to you may appear most subservient to the enlightened and patriotic Views of the Legislature in that particular Instance: Can you, sir, pardon an individual of little consequence to the community, but as he may be the instrument of Service to it, for presuming to suggest, that the encouragement of a Free School in the neighbourhood of this place, might be attended with much public benefit; and that an Appropriation of one or more share or shares in the James river Company as to you may seem proper may with the encouragement of the Citizens of Richmond, effectually answer so salutary a purpose.
I inclose a temporary subscription, which will in some measure serve to show the sense of the Citizens of this place on the subject. And have the Honour to be Sir, your very obedt Servant

Samuel Coleman.

The nature of the inclosed paper will plead its excuse for coming before you in so defaced a garb.


Title: From George Washington to the Commissioners for the Federal District, 13 April 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Commissioners for the Federal District

Gentlemen,
Richmond [Va.], April 13, 1791.

Agreeably to the assurance given to Mr Carroll, I applied, immediately upon my arrival in this city, to Governor Randolph for two thousand dollars for federal purposes under your direction. Although by the law of this State, the payments of the one hundred and twenty thousand dollars are to be made by installments, the Governor is well disposed to advance the money at earlier periods—but alas! the treasury is empty—He has promised me however that, so soon as he can obtain the above sum, it shall be remitted or made subject to your draught.
My anxiety to have the agreement which was entered into at Georgetown on the 30th ult. carried into full and complete effect, by legal conveyances, is such (thereby leaving nothing to chance) that I cannot forbear repeating my wish that it may be done without delay, notwithstanding the persuasion I am under that the propriety of the measure will prompt you to the execution of the business in a manner best calculated to answer the public purposes.
It having been intimated to me that the Proprietors of Georgetown are desirous of being comprehended within the limits of the federal city, I see no objection to the measure provided the Land holders, adjoining to it, included within the red lines of Messrs Beatty and Orme’s survey, referred to in the first offer from Georgetown, agreed to cede to the public on the same terms with those under the last (or combined) agreement—and if those within the blue lines are likewise desirous of being comprehended, on the same terms, it may be done—The doing of which would only place them on the same footing with the rest of the Subscribers, at the same time that it would render the plan more comprehensive, beneficial, and promising—drawing the centre of the federal city nearer to the present town.

If this measure is seriously contemplated the present is the fit moment for carrying it into effect; because, in that case it will become part of the original plan, and the old and new towns would be blended and assimilated as nearly as circumstances will admit—and Major L’Enfant might be instructed to lay out the whole accordingly. I have the honor to be, Gentlemen, Your most obedient Servant

Go: Washington

P.S. Since writing the foregoing I have again conversed with Governor Randolph, and have drawn upon him, payable to your order, for forty thousand dollars, being the first installment—one thousand of which he hopes to have ready within a few days—the remainder to be subject to your draughts. He will endeavor to transmit the money so as to prevent trouble or inconvenience—but, on this head he will write to you himself more at large.

G.W.


Title: To George Washington from John K. Read, 13 April 1791
From: Read, John K.
To: Washington, George

Sir,
[Richmond, Va., 13 April 1791]

I have taken the freedom, to enclose for your perusal, a Copy of the preface to a work intitled, “the new Ahiman Rezon,[”] assigned to me for publication, by the Grand Lodge of Virginia, which work being now ready for the press (so soon as a competent number of subscribers are procured to defray the expence) I have adventured to sollicit the honour, of dedicating it to you.
If you should find on perusal of the preface, (which will give you the outlines of the work) that there is utility in the production, I flatter myself the obscurity of my name will not militate against the success of my application—I beg leave to refer you to my friend the honble Mr Lyons, for my caracter as a Man—as an Author my claim to your attention, can only be, in proportion to the merits of the work.
The Grand secretary, who will deliver you this, will do me the favour, of conveying your Answer, I have the honour to be, with the most perfect respect and Esteem Sir yr Most Obdet & devoted Servt

J. K. Read


Title: To George Washington from James Simpson, 13 April 1791
From: Simpson, James
To: Washington, George

Sir
Gibraltar 13th April 1791.

I had the honor of addressing Your Excellency 21st September last year by the American Brig Ann—John Martin Master bound for Philadelphia, accompanying a dispatch from Francis Chiappe Esqr.
By this opportunity of the English Ship Roman Eagle—Samuel Glover Master for New York, I now send another packet for Your Excelly received a few days ago from Mr Chiappe. I have the honor to be with great respect Your Excellencys Most Obedient and Most Humble Servant

James Simpson


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Waldo, 13 April 1791
From: Waldo, Samuel
To: Washington, George

  Portland [District of Maine] 13 April 1791. Applies for the post of excise inspector for the District of Maine and reminds GW of the prior recommendation of the late James Bowdoin.


Title: From George Washington to John Brown, 14 April 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Brown, John

Sir,
Richmond [Va.], April 14. 1791.

Although the deed of bargain and sale from Muse, dated in 1774, conveys all the right he had to lands in the patent for 7276 acres—yet as there must have been some inducement to take the subsequent deeds in 1784 I am inclined, though unable to account for them, to have them fully recorded—especially as the quantity of land thereby conveyed differs pretty considerably⟨.⟩ I am Sir, your most obedient Servant

G. Washington.


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 14 April 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Sir
Treasury Department [Philadelphia] April 14th 1791

I have the honor to send herewith a copy of my letter of the 10th inst: and of that from Mr Short of the 2d of December to which it refers; and also the copy of another letter from Mr Short of the 25th of January.
The result of my submission to the Vice President and the heads of Departments has been, that they have unanimously advised me to instruct Mr Short to proceed to open a second loan as soon as the first shall be filled, and to extend the sum from two and a half to three millions of Guilders. I nevertheless request your direction concerning the alteration in his instruction, generally which is proposed in my letter.
Finding on recurring to it, your instruction to me competent to the disposition of the sum borrowed; I have directed Mr Short to apply one million and a half of the loan which was to commence in February, as a payment to France. The exchange between France & Holland afforded a benefit of more than ten ⅌ Cent to the United States on the last payment.
I thought it adviseable to dispose of a principal part of the loan to this object, not only from the general considerations which operate in the case, but from a desire to counteract the success of some Negotiations with the French Court for the purchase of the Debt due from us, which are not for the interests of the United States. I have the honor to be with the most perfect respect Sir Your most Obedt & most hble servant

Alexander Hamilton


Title: To George Washington from Harriott Pinckney Horry, 14 April 1791
From: Horry, Harriott Pinckney
To: Washington, George

  Hampton, Santee [S.C] 14 April 1791. Requests that her house may serve as a stage on GW’s route to Charleston.


Title: To George Washington from Louis Paronneau, 14 April 1791
From: Paronneau, Louis
To: Washington, George

Penobscot [District of Maine] April 14th 1791

Oh! Glorious Deliverer of your Country; I most Humbly beg you to excuse my temerity in Daring to expose before your Highness a Picture of woes to which your mild Heart will be very sensible:
I have left my Country, at that prayer of a beloved uncle: The most Horrid murder has Deprived me of this Dear father, and (Could your Excellency believe the sad tale) black injustice with all its most Criminal Jury accuses me of being his murderer: I am Dragged in a Narrow Gaol where innocence ought Never to go: Nor my tears, nor my prayers, nor my innocence Can move the flinted Heart of inhumans who perhaps (oh Horror) are guilty of the Crime of which they accuses me.
be your Greatness Judge of my griefs in thinking of the Sorrow of a father and of a Mother that tenderly Cherish their son who pay’s em with the same Love. I weep bitterly: not for myself,

I weep, since I am innocent: but for a whole family of which I have always been the Delight.
In the name of your shining glory, in the name of Humanity, Deign to interest yourself in the behalf of an unjustly accused youth; in the name of the love your greatness bear to the French Nation may your remedy the Dangerous sickness of one of her Limbs. with the most profound respect I implore all the succour, all the pity, all the tears that Justly Deserves of your Highness, the most unfortunate, the most thankful to the part you will take to his misfortunes, & most Humble Servt,

Louis Paronneau


Title: From George Washington to Edmund Pendleton, 14 April 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Pendleton, Edmund

My dear Sir,
Petersburgh [Va.] April 14th 1791

The letter with which you were pleased to favor me—dated the 9th instt—overtook me at Littlepages bridge the 11th.
The hurry into which I was thrown by a variety of occurrances at Richmond, prevented my acknowledging the receipt of it before

I left that City. I now do it, with assurances that it gave me sincere pleasure to find by it that you were well.
The general arrangement of the Surveys of Inspection for this District—and the characters designated for the collection of the duties—had, in a great measure, been previously made before I came into this State. I have, however, desired the Supervisor to make the best provision he can for Mr Norton in the subordinate distribution of the Offices, if an appointment of this sort should meet his approbation. With sincere esteem, and affectionate regard I am—my dear Sir Your most Obedient

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to the Officials of Petersburg, Virginia, 14 April 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Officials of Petersburg, Virginia

Gentlemen,
[Petersburg, Va., 14 April 1791]

Receiving with pleasure, I reply with sincerity to your flattering and affectionate address. I render justice to your regard and to my own feelings, when I express the gratitude which the sentiments it contains have inspired—and you will allow me to say, that gratitude, so impressed, must be lasting.
The government of the United States, originating in the wisdom, supported by the virtue, and having no other object than the happiness, of the people, reposes not on the exertions of an individual yet, as far as integrity of intention may justify the belief, my agency in the administration will be consonant to your favorable opinions—and my private wishes will always be preferred for the prosperity of Petersburg and the particular welfare of its inhabitants.

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Beverley Randolph, 14 April 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Randolph, Beverley

Sir
Richmond, April 14, 1791.

The Secretary of War having transmitted to me a copy of your Excellency’s letter to him, relative to the protection of the frontier counties of Virginia, with his answer thereto—I have now to observe that the Counties of Russell and Wythe, not having been considered as equally exposed with the others, were not included in the arrangements taken for defending the frontier—But, as the protection to be afforded was intended to embrace every county that might be exposed to inroad or invasion, if it shall appear to your Excellency a necessary measure, I request that you will be pleased to direct such an extension of the defense as will cover these counties, and place them in equal security with the others.
Should it comport with the state of your Treasury to make an advance of Two thousand dollars, of the sum appropriated by the State of Virginia for federal purposes on the Potowmac, I beg that an intimation thereof may be given to Mr Johnson, Doctor Stuart, and Mr Daniel Carroll, who are the Commissioners, and who will take measures, in consequence, for drawing the money. This supply is very essential, and requires that the earliest intimation, which the state of your funds will allow,

should be given to the Commissioners. I have the honor to be, with respectful consideration, Your Excellency’s most obedient Servant

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to William Tatham, 14 April 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Tatham, William

Sir,
Richmond [Va.], April 14th 1791.

I have received your letters numbered 1,2,3, and 4. thanking you for your attention in presenting to me a copy of your map, and wishing you the best success in completing that in which you are now engaged, I return the subscription papers, with my name affixed for a copy of each map, on which, the money to be advanced, will now be paid—and I have to observe that there appears to me greater propriety in your pursuing the plan, on which it was originally undertaken, than in adopting any other.
My tour through the southern States, being in the nature of a short visit, will not require the assistance, which you are so obliging as to offer—my public situation forbids any interference in questions of individual claims otherwise than as they may come before me officially in the form of an act of Congress—This will be satisfactory to you for my declining to direct any investigation of the vouchers which you mention. I am Sir, Your most obedient Servant

G. Washington.


Title: To George Washington from Tobias Lear, 15 April 1791
From: Lear, Tobias
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia April 15th 1791.

Since I had the honor to write to you on the 10th Inst. we have had the pleasure of learning that you reached Fredericksburg on the 8th.
Mr Jefferson has been so good as to furnish me with a copy of the Stages which you intended to make on your journey southward, and the times at which you expected to be in the principal towns, together with a list of the places through which you would pass on your return. By which I find that this letter will not reach you until your arrival at Charleston, and that which I shall send by the post of monday will probably find you at Savannah. After which, letters will be directed to those places through which you intend passing on your return, and to which there may be cross posts leading from the town on the main post-road to which it is most convenient, calculating the time as nearly as we can (from your departure from Savannah) at which you will be in the different places, and so timing the letter that they may meet you at those places to which they may be directed. There will likewise be one or more opportunities in the course of a week to write to Charlestown by water, which shall be improved, and may possibly convey letters to you before this gets to hand. Mr Smith sails for So. Carolina in a few days, to whose care a letter will be committed. Mrs Smith has presented him with a daughter within a few days.
I am today to receive a decided answer with respect to Mr Holker’s man; but I confess I have not much expectation of his

coming. Fraunces has undoubtedly given up the matter for there has not been a syllable heard from him. Should we not be able to get a person who understands perfectly the arrangement of a table, and is properly qualified in other respects; I would beg leave to suggest the following idea. There is a Confectioner in town who advertises to furnish a desert for entertainments in the handsomest style, and to receive back such parts of them as may not be consumed, at the same rate which he charges; this, I conceive, will be attended with a saving in this family—where we have a large quantity of those things carried untouched from the table, and which I very much doubt whether they ever made their appearance there the second time. The Man also arranges the desert or second course before it is brought in & attends himself to take it away as soon as the company have risen from table to prevent any purloining by the Servants. I mentioned his advertisement to Mrs Washington, who wished to have an experiment made of him with a small company which she had invited on Tuesday consisting of the Vice Presidt & family & Mr Morris & family. This was done & the desert & arrangement pronounced very genteel & tastey. He is to bring his bill today, by which I shall see the expence of that day & from thence form an estimate of the expense attending this mode with any company. Should this be found an elegible thing in all respects, I conceive we shall have no occasion to engage a person in the capacity of Steward. If a good, steady, & respectable woman (in her place) can be obtained to act as Housekeeper, William could do many things which were done by Hyde, as the Marketing will not come in his hands, that being done by the Cook, who has certainly furnished us with better things & at a less rate than Hyde did. The liquors are in bottles and I find it no manner of trouble to give out now to Fidus before dinner what may serve for the day—and the same meathod, if thought good, might be pursued hereafter. I have just suggested that as it has occurred to me, and Mrs Washington that if a person cannot be obtained for a Steward who is perfectly qualified & quite unexceptionable, that this would be a much better mode than to be at the expence & trouble of an ignorant or bad man.
I have the happiness to inform you that Mrs Washington has recovered from her indisposition occasioned by a violent cold,

and with the Children the rest of the family is now in good health. Mrs Lear unites with me in a most respectful remem⟨-brance⟩ & warmest wishes for the preservation of your health. I have the honor to be with the highest respect & most sincere attachment Sir Your obliged & very hum⟨e Servt⟩

Tobias Lear.


Title: To George Washington from John Rutledge, Sr., 15 April 1791
From: Rutledge, John Sr.
To: Washington, George

Dr Sir
Charleston [S.C.] April 15. 1791.

I am extremely sorry, that official Duty prevents (which nothing but indispensable necessity should,) my going, with my Son, to meet you, at the Boundary-Line of North-Carolina: He will do himself the Honour of waiting on you, from thence but I flatter myself, that I shall have an opportunity of paying my Respects, to you, in Person, on your Tour thro’ the upper Country, (where I must be for several Weeks, on the Circuit,) & of joining my Fellow Citizens there, in expressing, & testifying those Sentiments of Affection for your Person, & Veneration for your Character, which prevail in every part of this State, as much as in any part of the United States. I have the Honour to be, with the greatest Esteem & Respect, Dr Sir yr obliged & most obedt Sert

J. Rutledge


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 17 April 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

  Treasury Department [Philadelphia] 17 April 1791. Informs GW of the death of the comptroller of the Treasury, whose “loss is sincerely to be regretted as that of a good officer and an honorable & amiable man.”


Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 17 April 1791
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

Sir
War department [Philadelphia] April 17th 1791

The last letter which I had the honor to write to you was dated on the 10th instant. Since which I have received your favor of the 7th instant. Colonel Hall having declined Colonel Darck agreably to your orders, will have the offer of the 1st regiment of Levies, and if he should decline, it is probable that Colonel Rawlings would accept it.
We shall march between the 25th instant, and the 1st of May two full companies of regulars, amounting to 152 non commissioned and privates. One company from this City, and the other from Delaware. And within the same period, two companies of Levies will commence their march, one from Trenton and the other from Carlile, These several companies together with the levies who may be expected to have assembled at Fort Pitt of the upper battalion of this state will nearly amount to four hundred men.
The clothing complete for General Seviers battalion sailed from hence for Richmond on the 15th. Waggons are waiting there to transport the clothing to Holstein, at which it will arrive by the 20th of May, by which time the battalion I hope will be raised and in readiness; to march—the Goods for Governor Blounts treaty are involved in this arrangement, all being under the charge of General Seviers Son.
About one half the clothing for the Maryland and Virginia battalions will be sent from hence tomorrow, by Land, to Hagers Town and Winchester. B. General Butler did not set out until the 13th but he has promised great exertions.
The Clothing for Roberts’s company will sail from New York for charlestown in a few days. The money for recruiting his company and the arms and accoutrements have already been forwarded. But flattering expectations ought not to be formed of its being of any service during the present campaign.
The prospects of recruiting at the eastward are satisfactory, and the companies of that quarter will begin to move forward early in May.
I have written to Governor Clinton to endevor to engage Brandt in the business of conciliating the western Indians, provided it could be effected without disgusting the Cornplanter. I

expect Colonel Pickering every hour, on the business mentioned in my letter of the 10th.
I have not heard of Colonel Proctor since his departure. Nor have I heard of Genl St Clair, but the next post which will arrive on the 20th will probably bring some information from him. Neither have I received any information from Fort Pitt, since the 10th instant. I have the honor sir to be with the highest respect Your obedient Servant

H. Knox


Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 17 April 1791
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

Private
SirPhiladelphia 17th April 1791
Mr Eveleigh the Comptroller of the Treasury died yesterday. There will be a number of candidates for his office, who will urge their several pretensions with some specious, and perhaps some weighty arguments.
Having been taught by your goodness to address myself to you unreservedly, and knowing your desire to learn through different mediums, existing opinions relative to candidates, I take the liberty of transmitting you mine, on this occasion.
From the view I have taken of ⟨mutilated⟩ subject, it appears to me, that more personal political and official considerations unite in favor of Mr Wolcott the present auditor of the treasury as a proper character to succeed Mr Eveleigh than in any other person within my knowledge.
He is in the exercise of habits necessary to the investigations of public accounts, and eminently possesses the talents to form proper judgements of the cases which may be in his department.

Should he not be appointed the State of Connecticut may think itself neglected, as some of its citizens are of opinion that it has not its proportion of the great offices of government.
And there appears to be a propriety and fitness, in advancing persons of integrity and highly approved conduct from a lower to an higher grade. And I beg leave to observe that this appointment would be most acceptable to the secretary of the treasury. A circumstance of great importance in the harmonious conducting of the business of the treasury.
The general principle which you have been pleased justly to adopt of distributing offices according to the divisions of eastern middle and southern states may have its operation in this case, as a character from a southern state may be found for the auditors office.
Mr Kean of South Carolina has been mentiond for the auditor. But he informs me, that he is of opinion, the duties would require too intense an application, for the infirm state of his health.
Being upon the subject of offices I beg leave further to state that Judge Pendleton district Judge of Georgia has requested me to mention his name to you as a candidate for the vacancy in the circuit Court occasioned by Mr Rutledges resignation. In your tour you will be able to obtain all necessary information relative to him. I have the honor to be sir with perfect respect Your Obedient Servant

H. Knox


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Smith, 20 April 1791 [letter not found]
From: Smith, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Thomas Smith, 20 April 1791. On 8 July GW wrote to Thomas Smith that he received his “letter of the 20th of April”


Title: To George Washington from Robert Morris, 21 April 1791 [letter not found]
From: Morris, Robert
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Robert Morris, 21 April 1791. On 16 June GW acknowledged Morris’s “letter of the 21th of April.”


Title: From George Washington to the Masons of New Bern, North Carolina, 21 April 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Masons of New Bern, North Carolina

Gentlemen,
[New Bern, N.C., 21 April 1791]

I receive the cordial welcome which you are pleased to give me with sincere gratitude.
My best ambition having ever aimed at the unbiassed approbation of my fellow-citizens, it is peculiarly pleasing to find my conduct so affectionately approved by a fraternity whose association is founded injustice and benevolence.
In reciprocating the wishes contained in your address, be persuaded that I offer a sincere prayer for your present and future happiness.

G. Washington.


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Jefferson, 24 April 1791
From: Jefferson, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philadelphia Apr. 24. 1791.

I had the honour of addressing you on the 17th since which I have recieved yours of the 13th. I inclose you extracts from letters received from mister Short in one of the 7th of Feb. mister Short informs me that he has received a letter from mister de Montmorin, announcing to him that the King has named Ternant his minister here. the questions on our tobacco & oil have taken unfavorable turns. the former will pay 50. livres the thousand weight less when carried in French than foreign bottoms. Oil is to pay twelve livres a kental which amounts to a prohibition of the common oils, the only kind carried there. tobacco will not feel the effect of these measures till time will be given to bring it to rights. they had only 20,000 hogsheads in the Kingdom in Novemb. last, & they consume 2000 hogsheads a month; so that they must immediately come forward & make great purchases, & not having, as yet, vessels of their own to carry it, they must pay the extra duties on ours. I have been puzzled about the delays required by mister Barclay’s affairs he gives me reason to be tolerably assured, that he will go in the first vessel which shall sail after the last day of May. there is no vessel at present whose destination would suit. believing that even with this, we shall get the business done sooner than thro’ any other channel, I have thought it best not to change the plan. the last Leyden gazettes give us what would have been the first object of the British arms had the rupture with Spain taken place. you know that Admiral Cornish had sailed on an unknown destination before the Convention was recieved in London. immediately on it’s reciept, they sent an express after him

to Madiera, in hopes of finding him there. he was gone, & had so short a passage that in 23 days he had arrived in Barbadoes, the general rendezvous. all the troops of the islands were collecting there, and Genl Matthews was on his way from Antigua to take command of the land operations, when he met with the packet-boat which carried the counter orders. Trinidad was the object of the expedition. Matthews returned to Antigua, & Cornish is arrived in England. this island, at the mouth of the Oronoko, is admirably situated for a lodgment from which all the country up that river, & all the Northern coast of South America, Spanish, French, Dutch, & Portuguese, may be suddenly assailed.
Colo. Pickering is now here, & will set out in two or three days to meet the Indians, as mentioned in my last. The intimation to Colo. Beckwith has been given by mister Madison. he met it on very different ground from that on which he had placed it with Colo. Hamilton, he pretended ignorance & even disbelief of the fact: when told that it was out of doubt, he said he was positively sure the distribution of arms had been without the knowlege and against the orders of Ld Dorchester, & of the government. he endeavored to induce a formal communication from me. when he found that could not be effected, he let mister Madison percieve that he thought however informal his character, he had not been sufficiently noticed: said he was in N. York before I came into office, and that tho’ he had not been regularly turned over to me, yet I knew his character. in fine he promised to write to Ld Dorchester the general information we had recieved & our sense of it; and he saw that his former apologies to Colo. Hamilton had not been satisfactory to the government. nothing further from Moose island nor the posts on the Northern border of New-York, nor any thing of the last week from the Western country.
Arthur Campbell has been here. he is the enemy of P. Henry. he says the Yazoo bargain is like to drop with the consent of the purchasers. he explains it thus. they expected to pay for the lands in public paper at par, which they had bought at half a crown the pound. since the rise in the value of the public paper they have gained as much on that, as they would have done by investing it in the Yazoo lands: perhaps more, as it puts a large sum of specie at their command which they can turn to better

account. they are therefore likely to acquiesce under the determination of the government of Georgia to consider the contract as forfeited by non-payment. I direct this letter to be forwarded from Charleston to Cambden. the next will be from Petersburg to Taylor’s ferry; and after that I shall direct to you at Mount Vernon. I have the honor to be with sentiments of the most affectionate respect and attachment Sir Your most obedient & most humble sert

Th: Jefferson


Title: From George Washington to Tobias Lear, 24–26 April 1791 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Lear, Tobias

Letter not found: to Tobias Lear, c.24–26 April 1791. On 15 May Lear wrote GW that he received a letter from GW that covered one to Mrs. Washington, “which she informed me was dated at Wilmington.” GW was in Wilmington, N.C., from 24 to 26 April.