Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ——— Stockar zur Sonnenbourg, 3 August 1782
From: Stockar zur Sonnenbourg, ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin

V. Excellence,
Schafhouse en Suisse du 3. d’Aout 1782.
Un certain M. Pfister, sergent aux gardes Suisses qui remit a V.E. une lettre de ma part il y a deja plusieurs mois me marqua dernierement que cette lettre s’etoit perdue parmy d’autres papiers de V.E. et que ne se souvenant plus du Contenu Elle me permettoit de le Lui rappeller en peu de mots— ma principale curiosité rouloit sur le sujet de l’Abbé Raynald et de son Histoire de la revolution en Amerique et ne connoissant parmi touts les genies superieurs de notre siècle aucun qui par Ses lumieres étendues fut mieux capable d’en juger que Votre Excellence, je desirois tres fort de savoir Son sentiment sur la maniere de penser de M. l’abbé et sur sa capacité a juger des Ameriquains, ayant eu quelqu’idée de traduire son petit ouvrage en allemand si V.E. trouvoit qu’une vraye connoissance de Son Sujet en faisoit le fond; Je ne crains pas d’etre prévenu par un autre par ce que je n’en Souffrirois pas beaucoup, étant deja condamné par ma situation a ne rien faire et par mon inactivité naturelle a ne faire que des riens. La renommée de V.E. qui s’ètend sur l’un et l’autre Hemisphere tant en qualitè de Ministre public que dans celle de genie transcendant dans les Sciences m’engagea naturellement, comme voyageur, de rechercher Sa connoissance pendant mon petit Sejour a Paris et de Lui rendre l’été passè mes honneurs a Sa Maison de Plaisance a Passy en compagnie d’un autre compagnon et l’accueil gracieux que nous fit Votre Excellence m’enhardit ensuite de Lui ecrire tant pour cultiver cette connoissance infiniment interessante que pour m’informer du sus-dit Sujet. Je fais des voeux pour le Bien general en faisant de tres sinceres pour Sa Conservation en particulier et je suis avec le plus profond respet De Votre Excellence Le tres humble et tres obbeissant serviteur
Stockar ZUR Sonnenbourg

Notation: Stockar 3. Août 1782


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 4 August 1782
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dr & hond sir
Nantes 4th Augt 1782
This will be delivered to you by Mr W Burgess late a london Merchant but now bound to America. In his passage through Paris to come hither he wishes to pay his personal Respects to you. I therefore beg leave to introduce him & shall esteem every Civility shewn him as a Favour confered on me.
I am as ever most Dutifully & affectionately
His Excellency Doctor Franklin— Passy


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Alexander Martin, 5 August 1782
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Martin, Alexander

Sir
Passy, Augt. 5. 1782
Mr Edward Bridgen, Merchant of London, a particular Friend of mine and a zealous one of the American Cause, acquaints me that his Lands on the Sound in Cape Fear River, with his Negroes & Debts owing to Bridgen & Waller have by virtue of some late Laws of your Province been all Confiscated. I have not seen those Laws, but I would hope there may be some Exception in them favouring the Property of our Friends, as it would grieve me to see those suffer as Enemies, who have from the Beginning of our Difference with England, uniformly, openly & firmly espoused the Interests of our Country, which to my certain Knowledge is the Case of Mr Bridgen.— I therefore beg leave to request your Excellency’s Protection & Interposition in favour of that Gentleman, that so, if by no Construction of the Laws as they stand his Estates may be exempted, he may however obtain a subsequent Law to set aside the Confiscation & restore his Property, an Indulgence which it appears to me his Conduct has justly merited.— I give with Pleasure this voluntary Testimony in favour of a very worthy Man, but it will afford me infinitely more if it may be of some Utility to him. With great Respect I have the honour to be, Sir, Your Excellency’s most obedient and most humble Servant
B Franklin
His Excellency the Governor of N. Carolina

Notation: No. 10. Dr. Franklin for Bridgon. Registered got over


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from William Jones, 5 August 1782
From: Jones, William
To: Franklin, Benjamin

My dear Sir,
Nantes 5 Aug. 1782.
We have been here above a fortnight, but I am sorry to find that there will not be a good opportunity of embarking for America till the beginning of next month, if so soon. I have been on board all the ships here, that are bound for the land of virtue and liberty, and have given the preference in my own mind to the Annette, which will sail in about 5 weeks for Philadelphia or Virginia. Had a ship been ready, we should have embarked immediately; but, on my return yesterday from Painbeuf, I found letters from England requiring my immediate presense on domestick business. I have therefore promised Mr. Paradise to return to him here in three weeks, which will be long enough, I fear, before the ships will sail, and I am informed that they will leave the port together. Should my family affairs or my professional views prevent my going this year, I shall write to my friend, whom I have importuned with fruitless intreaties to go without me, and, if he should refuse to go alone, he will have no man to blame but himself, if his strange pertinacity should prove ruinous to his children. As my shortest way of returning (though it would give me infinite pleasure to see you once more at Passy) will be through Rennes and Alançon to Calais, I shall be extremely obliged to you, if you will send me a passport for myself and one servant to embark for England at Ostend, though I should prefer Calais, if there should be an opportunity: be so kind as to order the passport to be sent to me at Calais at the poste restante. We have received great civilities from Mr. Williams, to whom I shall ever think myself highly obliged. Mr. Laurens came hither a few days ago, but was not determined, when I saw him, in what vessel he should embark. How weak must my poor friend Paradise be, if he declines the opportunity of going with Mr. Laurens, in case of my necessary continuance in England! As to myself, if the English are too indolent or too dastardly to preserve their popular rights, I neither will nor can live among them; and must earnestly request you, my ever-respected friend, to give me information concerning the profession of a lawyer in the state of Pensylvania, and to let me know whether you think that I should be acceptable among your countrymen in that character. My long study of the laws of ancient and modern nations might make me a useful assistant in the necessary work of framing their private codes. My best compliments to Mr. Franklin, and our common friends; and assure yourself that I can never cease to be with the highest veneration, my dear Sir, Your much obliged and ever faithful friend
W. Jones.


Title: Vergennes to Ministers of Foreign Courts, [7 August 1782]
From: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de
To: Ministers of Foreign Courts

  [August 7, 1782]
  Circulaire.

J’ai lhr [l’honneur] de vous envoyer M une ordonnance que le Roi a jugé a propos de rendre, pour rappeller les dispositions des anciens Réglemens qui défendent aux domestiques, gens de livré et à toutes personnes Sans état, de porter aucuns armes, épés, Couteaux de chasse &. Sa majesté m’a ordonné, M, de vous donner connoissce. de cette ordonnance et de vous prier de Vouloir bien tenir la main à son execution en ce qui vous concerne, Soit dans les gens qui composent létat de votre Maison, Soit par raport aux personnes de votre nation qui sont actuellement à Paris ou qui pourroient y venir. Votre Zéle pour le maintien du bon ordre ne me permet pas de douter M, que vous ne Concouriez avec plaisir en ce qui vous regarde à l’execution de la volonté de Sa maté. [majesté] à cet égard. Je vous serai très obligé de vouloir bien m’accuser la réception de cette Lettre, pour que je puisse en rendre compte à sa mté.
J’ai lhr d’etre tres parfaitement.

Minutte d’une Lettre écrite par ordre du Roi, aux Ambassadeurs et Ministres des Pais étrangers près sa maté.
  In another hand: M. [?] Vls le 7. Aout 1782.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Henry Laurens, 7 August 1782
From: Laurens, Henry
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir,
Nantes 7th Augt. 1782
Very late in the evening of the 12th of July I had the honor of recieving at Vigan your favor of the 2d. By the dawn of day the next morning I had mounted the chaise in order to prosecute my journey to this place & here I arrived in a very shattered state of health on the 30th. & have been ever since confined to my bed & to my chamber & my condition is still so weak & feeble as renders me incapable of writing. I dictate in the best manner I can, & my son Harry who will have the honor of delivering this, is my amanuensis. He is going to the South of France in order to conduct his sisters to this place where if I can find a proper embarkation, I mean to make use of it for our return to America sometime in September or as early as possible in October, I could not allow him to pass thro’ Paris without paying mine & his own respects at Passy.
Mr. Adams had no doubt sufficient reasons for his silence respecting my name in the commission, I have recently heard from him, that he was ready to relinquish the mission for Moneyborrowing into my hands, but the intelligence comes indirect, & much too late. I am fairly acquitted & as I think happily delivered from that business, which at a great expence to myself, I once offered, as my duty prompted, to take upon me. & there’s an end of that affair.
Some men would have found the late shuffling conduct of the British Ministry very troublesome, you have viewed it with tranquility & you know how to manage them, they will find it necessary by & by to be sincere & decided, I hope nevertheless you are drawing them to a point & that you have made some progress in the work of peace. Lord S. [Shelburne] may be satisfied now that all crooked & indirect tamperings with different parties end in exposing the Duplicity of those who practice such measures. The repeated rebuff lately recieved from Congress may perhaps impress this lesson upon His Lordship’s mind.— He might as well have sent Messengers to the man in the moon, & with less hazard of degrading himself & his Court. His Lordship had been told, that if he was in earnest about the work of peace, it might it must be transacted at his own door. But he thought it necessary once more to feel pulses at a thousand leagues distance, he surely flatters himself in a belief that he has an influence over the Americans which they know nothing of, & he never once reflected upon the futility & the danger of projects to wheedle, after having failed in every exertion to beat.
The completion of the exchange of Lord Cornwallis, even in the cautious manner in which you have performed it affords me great pleasure, I have not the least doubt of its having proved satisfactory to His Lordship, nor do I think you will be further troubled on that affair, by any different arrangement or alteration on the part of Congress. My Daughter expressed her sensibility of the notice you were pleased to take of her in your letter ’tis not improbable she will have an opportunity of paying her respects to you in person in her way hither.
I have the honor to be with very sincere Esteem & Regard Sir, your most obedient & most humble Servt

P.S. My worthy friend Jas. Bourdieu Esqr. of London, is exceedingly anxious lest the Count Vergennes & yourself should have been imprest with an Opinion, that he had been improperly officious, in the commencement of the late or present, what shall I call them, sham-treatings; & has earnestly desired me to explain his conduct; this would require a great deal of time, & might be unecessarily taking up yours, as I am rather of opinion that neither Count Vergennes nor yourself have heard or said any thing to his detriment—but should it be otherwise I can explain, & send you a narrative of his whole conduct at the time when he offered his service to go to the Court of France, a little before Mr Oswald had been applied to. Mr. Bourdieu is a great stickler for American Independence, & I believe a faithful friend to his own Country, but Lord S is pleased to think him much too much in the French Interest & has treated him in my Opinion as a bystander, in a very unwarrantable manner. I beg Sir you will do me the honor to present my compliments to Mr & Mrs Jay.
Doctor Franklin.

Notation: Copies to Mr. Oswald Doctr. Franklin. J Laurens & M. Laurens. 7th. August.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Hugh Williamson, 7 August 1782
From: Williamson, Hugh
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Philada 7th Augt 1782.
When you have a few minutes to spare from the more weighty concerns of State I wish to interest you in favour of two young men belonging to NorthCarolina who are now Prisoners in England. They saild from Edenton about the month of Augt. 1780 in the Brig Fair-American, Captn Smith bound for France and were captured on their outward Passage. They are Twins, and were, if I recollect well, about 14 Years old when they left Home. They are neither Soldiers nor Sailors, for they never had been at Sea before; and on that occasion they went through meer whim. The father of those Lads, Coll. Saml: Lockhart is a worthy and respectable Citizen of NorthCarolina. Having served with him in the southern Army, in the most perilous Times, it is not only my duty, but among the first of my wishes that I might render him a Service. The Coll. apprehends that, considering the Age of his Boys and other circumstances, the Enemy will not make a Point of detaining them. They are supposed to be in Fortin Prison. At the first time you may have occasion to enquire concerning any of our People who are Prisoners in England, will you be so good as cause Enquiry to be made concerning these Boys. If you should effect their Release you will be so good as give them such Instructions and Assistance as may enable them to return to any Port in the united States. Any Expence you are at, on this Accot: shall be immediately repaid to your order in Philada: where my duty in Congress may detain me for the present Year. I have the Honor to be With the utmost Esteem Sir Your most obedt and very Hble Servt
Hu Williamson
Benjamin Franklin Esqr

Addressed: The Honourable / Benjamin Franklin Esqr / Minister Plenip / Passy


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Vergennes, 8 August 1782
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de

Sir,
Passy, Augt. 8. 1782
Yesterday Mr Oswald communicated to Mr. Jay and me a Paper he had just received from his Court being a Copy of the King’s Order to the Attorney or Sollicitor General to prepare a Commission to pass the great Seal, appointing him to treat with us &ca. and he shew’d me a Letter from Mr Secretary Townshend, which expresses his Concern that the Commission itself could not be sent by this Courier, the Officers who were to expedite it being in the Country, which would occasion a Delay of eight or ten Days; but that its being then sent might be depended on, and it was hoped the Treaty might in the meantime be proceeded on. Mr Oswald left with me a Copy of the Paper, which I enclose for your Excellency’s Consideration, and am with great Respect, Sir, Your Excellency’s most obedient and most humble Sert
B Franklin
His Exy Count de Vergennes


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Vergennes, 8 August 1782
From: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Versailles le 8 août 1782.
Je recois, Monsieur, la lettre de ce jour dont vous m’avez honoré et la Copie du Pouvoir que M. Oswald vous a communiqué. La forme dans laquelle il est conçû n’etant pas celle qui est usitée, Je ne puis pas arreter mon Opinion a une premiere vue, Je vais l’examiner avec la plus grande attention et si vous voulez bien vous rendre ici samedi matin Je pourrai en conferer avec vous et avec M Jay s’il lui etoit commode de vous accompagner—
J’ai l’honneur d’etre très parfaitement, Monsieur, Votre tres humble et très obeissant serviteur
De Vergennes.
A Mr Franklin


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Vergennes, 9 August 1782
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de

Sir,
Passy, August 9. 1782.
The American Commerce in general, and that between France and America in particular having suffered greatly of late, from the Number of Frigates employed by the Enemy to cruise on our Coasts, I am directed to communicate to your Excellency the Paper on that Subject which I have the honour now to enclose, wherein the Means of protecting that Commerce, and the Advantage such Protection would be to both Nations and to the Common Cause are briefly and clearly stated. I beg leave to request that your Excellency would take the same into Consideration, and thereupon advise such Measures as to your Wisdom may appear proper and convenient. With Respect, I am, Sir, Your Excellency’s.—most obedient and most humble Servant
B Franklin
Mr. Le Comte de Vergennes.

Notation: rep le 23.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Joseph Banks, 9 August 1782
From: Banks, Joseph
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
Soho Square Augst. 9 1782
Tho the difference of our pursuits has for so long a time enstrangd us from Each other I trust if ever peace should return that philosophy & your old Friends would resume that share of your time which when in their possession they so much valued.
Not doubting but that if I was within your reach I still should enjoy a part of your time & some share of your Friendship I take the liberty to request that the Bearer Dr. Broussonet may as my Proxy be allowd sometimes to visit you he will write me word what you think of me & what you think of the Calm pursuits which I have ever been steady to he will tell you that I have never Enterd the doors of the house of Commons & I will tell you that I have escapd a Million of unpleasant hours & preservd no small proportion of Friends of both Parties by that fortunate conduct thank god times are not yet so bad as to Oblige all men to enlist in one or the other party at least I hope not.
With the sincere wishes of a moderate man that such measures may be taken by both parties as may tend to the Elevation of both rather than the destruction of either beleive me Your Hearty Friend & Faithfull Servant
  Jos: Banks

Broussonet has studied Fish with no small success he has been near two years in england & spent much time with me beleive me when I tell you that you will find him much above par in Common sence as well as in Learning

Addressed: Dr. Franklin / &c. &c. &c.

Endorsed: From Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. President of the Royal Society
Notation: Jos. Banks


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Robert R. Livingston, 9 August 1782
From: Livingston, Robert R.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear sir
Philadelphia 9th. August 1782.
Having written to Mr Jay, who I presume is with you, I do not think it necessary to repeat what I have mentioned to him. We have not heard from you since March, a very long period, considering the interesting events that have taken place between that time and this—many vessels have arrived without bringing us a line from you— I am apprehensive that Mr Barclay does not communicate to you the frequent opportunities that offer of writing— I shall write to him upon the subject— Sir Guy Carleton and Admiral Digby have informed the General, that a negotiation for a general peace is now on foot, and that the King his master has agreed to yeild the independence of America, without making it conditional— I shall enclose a copy of his letter at large, which refers to an other object,—the exchange of Prisoners, this great point once yielded. I see nothing that will obstruct your negotiations, except the three points of disenssion, which I have before written to you about, I wish it had been possible to obtain the estimates I mention, as they might have been rendered useful to you upon one of them— But the negligence of the Governors or Legislatures of the several states have rendered all my endeavours hitherto unsuccessful, Notwithstanding repeated promises to give this subject their earliest attention— the restoration of confiscated property has become utterly impossible, and the attempt would throw the Country into the utmost confusion—the fisheries are too important an object for you to lose sight of, and as to the back lands, I do not concieve that England can seriously expect to derive any benefit from them that will be equivalent to the Jealousy that the possession of them would awaken and keep alive between her and this Country. The claims of Spain are the dreams of one who sighs for what he has no title to, and which if attained, would only add to the misery he has already hoarded. The Degree of estimation in which she stand with us you will judge from the Resolution transmited to Mr Jay— I write to him in your cypher being No. 4. of the Cypher which Mr Morris sent you,—this is also written in the same cypher— I would wish you to use that as I have no great reliance upon the one you have written in formerly, it has passed thro’ too many hands— I transmit you a bill for 71.380. Livres, being the amount of one quarters Salary to yourself Messrs. Jay, Adams, Carmichael, Dana & Dumas— No provision is made for the private secretaries or contingencies, not having been furnished with an account of them— I also send bills for the first quarter commencing in January, so that you will on the receipt of this be enabled to pay one half years salary to our foreign Ministers—and their Secretaries.

I just now learn that Carlton has published his, and Digby’s letter to the General, the design of this must either be to see whether the People of this Country will catch so eagerly at the proposition for a peace which yields them their Independence, as to be careless about the Alliance, or to impress them with an Idea that we are indebted for our freedom to the generosity of Great Britain, rather than to the attention of France to our interests in the general Treaty—it is not to be doubted that the good sense, and the gratitude of this Country will defeat both these objects.
I have the honor to be sir with the highest respect & esteem your Excellency’s most obedient humble Servant
Robt R Livingston

NB If Mr. Jay should not be at Paris, I must beg you to open and decypher for him, the letter of this month, and the resolution contained therein, marked on the back below the seal Augt. and send it to him by the earliest opportunity.
  No. 15. 3plicate
  His Excellency Benjamin Franklin

Endorsed: Mr Secry. Livingston No. 15 Aug. 9. 1782 Sundry Points of Negociation Bills transmitted


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Edmund Burke, 10 August 1782
From: Burke, Edmund
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir,
Beconsfield Augst. 10. 1782.
I flatterd myself that by this time we might have shaken hands as publick friends as I hope we always should have done as private. In the Latter Case States have no power, though in other respects they may & do put us in odd & awkard Situations. Two friends of mine are going to Paris one of whom I know for a long time & have valued just in proportion as I have known him, He is one of the first men in Bristol with regard to commercial consideration, & in every other light one of the first men that can be found in any place. His constitutional principles, his private honour, his sound & comprehensive understanding, & his general knowlege will recommend him to a Mind like yours. He is ambitious of being known to you, & will cultivate you during his short stay in Paris with his Son a most promising young Gentleman. I think you will be pleased both with the father & the Son. Mr. Harford’s is merely a tour of pleasure. The other Gentleman Mr. Hill, I only know by Character; but I know him by that Channel, in the most advantageous manner. He is a Spanish Merchant, & as his Business to Spain, to which he proposes to go through France, is purely mercantile no difficulty I think is to be apprehended; but as in a time of War which is a time of Jealousy, especially with a Jealous Nation, he may possibly meet some obstruction, I shall be much obliged to you to obtain proper passports for him from the Spanish Minister at Paris, assuring You that I have reason to be persuaded that his call to Spain is altogether commercial & unmixt with any political purpose whatever. Anxiously longing for the happy moment of peace, when all Languages will speak the Language of amity, at least that those will at last speak it whose original [Tongue?] has been for several Years so confounded, I remain in all Seasons with the greatest Esteem & Regard My dear Sir Your most faithful & obdt. humble Servt.
Edm Burke

Endorsed: 1782 apeid boike 1776 Ind:apois


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ——— Destouches, 10 August 1782
From: Destouches, ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Dunkerque Le 10. aoust 1782./.
Le zêle dont le Capitaine Bennet Negus a donné des preuves dans le Commandement des Corsaires La Civilité, et Le franklin, les Combats honorables qu’il a soutenu, les prises quil a faites ont merité l’attention de Votre Excellence, et elle a dit dans le tems à M. Le Roÿ quelle cherchoit à temoigner sa bienveillance à ce Capitaine son compatriote. Le Sr. Bennet Negus en est d’autant plus digne quil se trouve la Victime de son activité et de son Empressement à nûire à l’Ennemi et servir L’Etat. Il n’a pu rester dans L’inaction Tandis qu’au retour de sa Croisiere, l’été dernier, on s’est occupé à reparer son Batiment, et à le matter en Brigantin, et il a pendant cet Intervalle pris le Commandement d’un petit Corsaire avec lequel il a eté pris. Il traine depuis ce tems des jours malheureux dans Mill prison, près Plÿmouth, n’en aÿant pu obtenir son échange que pour l’amerique, ou il ne pouvoit se resoudre à aller pour ne pas perdre de Vüe sa nouvelle Croisière au rearmément du franklin. Il a meme tenté de s’echapper des prisons, mais malheureusement il a eté atteint en fuÿant d’une balle de fusil à la Cûisse, et il est depuis plusieurs mois de Soins et de remèdes encore fort mal de sa Blessûre dont il sera Estropie toute sa vie. Sa Santé ne lui permet pas même le passage à L’amérique de sorte qu’il desire pouvoir revenir en france pour se remettre plus facilement, et promptement qu’il ne le fait en angleterre, et en prison, et commander ensûite Le franklin; mais sans la protection la réclamation de Votre Excellence c’est en vain quil espéreroit cet acte d’hûmanité. On a Tenté en vain Toutes les autres Voÿes, le Capne. Bennet Negus aÿant un Brevet de Lieutenant de fregate de S.M. [Sa Majesté] a eté demandé en Echange par le ministre, mais etant américain il est regardé en angleterre Comme sûjét du Congrés, il ne peut donc que se reclamer de Votre Excellence et il espère qu’attendu les efforts qu’il a fait pour en bien mériter, et surtout la Circonstance de sa Blessure Votre Excellence voudra bien s’intéresser à lui, et demander pour lui son Echange pour la france; il ÿ a près d’un an qûil souffre la Captivité. Sa bravoure et ses Taléns connus prés de trois millions de prises qu’il a faites, les plus Baux combats dont il est sorti victorieux, donnent de lui des Espériance fondées, et le plus beau le plus fort Corsaire quil ÿ ait eu dans le port de Dunkerque, et le méilleur voilliér, le franklin, est dans L’inaction en l’attendant, par ce qu’on espère qûil ne faudroit que le Changement d’air, la Liberté, la satisfaction et l’espoir de se venger pour retablir bientot la santé du Sr. Negus. Je vous aurai, Monsieur, ainsi que lui les plus grandes obligations de ce que vous voudréz bien faire en sa faveur, et j’ose dire en faveur de Justice par ce que son Echange peut entrer en Ballance avec celle de quelque officier anglois de rang et d’Importance. Les Sieurs Charles et Edouard Hagues sont les Correspondans à Londres du Sr. Negus et du Sr. Pre. Salomez l’ainé son armateur, negociant en cette ville, vous pourrez, Monsieur, faire correspondre les personnes que vous Emploirez à la Cour d’angleterre, avec ces Correspondans. Je dois avoir aussi l’honneur d’obsérver à Votre Excellence que le Sr. Bennet negus, cache en angleterre son desir, et son dessein de retournér en france pour ÿ Commander, et quil ne parle que de raisons de santé, qui malheureusement pour lui n’existent que trop réellement. Je serai aussi fort obligé à Votre Excellence de vouloir bien m’honorér de sa reponse le plustot quil sera possible, et de me marquér le degré d’espoir qu’il ÿ a du prochain retour du Sr. Bennet negus, par ce que le Sr. Salomez ne peut differer bien longtems à prendre un parti et faire choix d’un Capitaine pour le franklin.
Je suis avec un tres profond Respect Monsieur Votre tres humble & tres obéissant Serviteur
Destouchesconseiller de l’amirauté

P.S. Le Capitaine Bennet Negus a eté pris a bord du Corsaire Le marquis de Morbecq le 18. septembre 1781. armé a Dunkerque par Le Sr. Salomez l’ainé.

Notation: Destouches le 10. aout 1782


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Nogaret, 10 [August 1782]
From: Nogaret
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Paris ce Samedi 10 [August, 1782]
Je reçois une Lettre de me femme, par laquelle J’apprends que vous nous avez fait l’amitié de nous venir voir. Elle a du vous dire que j’étais à Paris pour une bonne oeuvre. Un ami agé de 85 ans me charge de recevoir Ses fonds: je m’acquitte à cette heure de cette commission. Je Serai sûrement Libre Jeudi jour de la Vierge: J’aurai l’honneur de repondre à votre invitation, et celui de vous renouveller les assûrances de mon respect et de ma gratitude. Ce sont Les Sentiments avec les quels je fais profession d’être pour la vie Monsieur Votre très humble et très obeissant Serviteur
FELIX-Nogaret

Addressed: A Son Excellence / Monsieur Franklin / Ministre Plenipotentiaire / des Provinces unies de / L’amerique / a Passy / Près Paris / pressée


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Robert R. Livingston, 12 August 1782
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Livingston, Robert R.

Sir,
Passy, Augt. 12. 1782.
I have lately been honour’d with your several Letters No. 10. March 9. No 11. May 22. and No. 12. May 30.
The Paper containing a State of the Commerce in North America, and explaining the Necessity and utility of Convoys for its Protection, I have laid before the Minister, accompany’d by a Letter pressing that it be taken into immediate Consideration; & I hope it may be attended with Success.
The Order of Congress for liquidating the Accounts between this Court and the United States, was executed before it arrived. All the Accounts against us for money lent, and Stores, Arms, Ammunition, Clothing &ca furnished by Government were brought in and examined, and a Ballance received which made the Debt amount to the even Sum of Eighteen Millions, exclusive of the Holland Loan for which the King is Guarantee. I send a Copy of the Instrument to Mr. Morris. In reading it you will discover several fresh marks of the King’s Goodness towards us, amounting to the Value of near two millions. These added to the Free Gifts before made to us at diferent times, form an object of at least twelve Millions for which no Return but that of Gratitude & Friendship are expected. These I hope may be everlasting. The constant good Understanding between France and the Swiss Cantons, and the steady Benevolence of this Crown towards them, afford a well-grounded Hope that our Alliance may be as durable and as happy for both Nations; there being strong Reasons for our Union, & no crossing Interests between us. I write fully to Mr. Morris on Money affairs, who will doubtless communicate to you my Letter, so that I need say the less to you on that Subject.
The Letter to the King was well received. The Accounts of your Rejoicings on the News of the Dauphin’s Birth give pleasure here; as do the firm Conduct of Congress in refusing to treat with General Carleton, and the unanimous Resolutions of the assemblies of different States on the same Subject. All Ranks of this Nation appear to be in good humour with us, and our Reputation rises thro’ out Europe. I understand from the Swedish Ambassador that their Treaty with us will go on as soon as ours with Holland is finished; our Treaty with France, with such Improvements as that with Holland may suggest, being intended as the Basis.
There have been various misunderstanding and mismanagements among the Parties concern’d in the Expedition of the Bonhomme Richard which have occasion’d Delay in dividing the Prize Money. Mr. de Chaumont who was chosen by the Captains of all the Vessels in the Expedition as their Agent, has long been in a State little Short of Bankruptcy, and some of the Delays have possibly been occasioned by the Distress of his Affairs. He now informs me, that the Money is in the Hands of the Minister of the Marine. I shall in a few Days present the memorial you propose with one relating to the Prisoners, and will acquaint you with the answer. Mr. Barclay is still in Holland. When he returns he may take into his Hands what Money can be obtained on that Account.
I think your Observations, respecting the Danish Complaints thro’ the Minister of France, perfectly just. I will receive no more of them by that Canal; & will give your Reasons to justify my Refusal.
Your Approbation of my Idea of a Medal to perpetuate the Memory of York & Saratoga Victories gives me great Pleasure, and encourages me to have it struck. I wish you would acquaint me what kind of a Monument at York the Emblems required are to be fix’d on; whether an Obelisk or a Column; its Dimentions; whether any Part of it is to be Marble, and the Emblems carved on it; and whether the Work is to be executed by the excellent artists in that Way which Paris afford; and if so to what Expence they are to be limited? This puts me in mind of a Monument I got made here and sent to America by order of Congress 5 Years since. I have heard of its Arrival and nothing more. It was admired here for its elegant antique Simplicity of Design, and the various beautiful Marbles used in its Composition. It was intended to be fix’d against a Wall in the State house at Philadelphia. I know not why it has been so long neglected. It would me thinks, be well to enquire after it, and get it put up some where. Directions for fixing it were sent with it. I enclose a Print of it. The Inscription in the Engraving is not on the monument: It was merely the Fancy of the Engraver. There is a white Plate of Marble left smooth to receive such Inscription as the Congress should think proper.
Our Countrymen who have been Prisoners in England are sent home, a few excepted who were sick, & who will be forwarded as soon as recovered. This eases us of a very considerable Charge.
I communicated to the Marquis de la Fayette the Paragraph of your Letter which related to him. He is still here: And as there seems not much likelihood of an active Campaign in America, he is probably more useful where he is. His Departure however, tho’ delay’d, is not absolutely laid aside.
The second Changes in the Ministry of England have occasioned or have afforded Pretences for various Delays in the Negociation for Peace. Mr. Grenville had two successive imperfect Commissions. He was at length recall’d, and Mr Fitz-herbert is now arriv’d to replace him, with a Commission in due form to treat with France, Spain & Holland. Mr. Oswald, who is here, is inform’d by a Letter from the new Secretary of State, that a Commission impowering him to treat with the Commissioners of Congress will pass the Seals & be sent him in a few Days. Till it arrives this Court will not proceed in its own Negociation. I send the Enabling Act as it is called. Mr. Jay will acquaint you with what passes between him & the Spanish Ambassador respecting the proposed Treaty with Spain. I will only mention that my Conjecture of that Court’s Design to coop us up within the Allegheny Mountains is now manifested. I hope Congress will insist on the Mississippi as the Boundary and the free Navigation of the River from which they would entirely exclude us.

An Account of a terrible Massacre of the Morravian Indians has been put into my Hands. I send you the Papers that you may see how the Fact is represented in Europe. I hope Measures will be taken to secure what is left of those unfortunate People.
Mr. Laurens is at Nantes, waiting for a Passage with his Family to America. His State of Health is unfortunately very bad. Perhaps the Sea Air may recover him, & restore him well to his Country. I heartily wish it. He has suffered much by his Confinement.
Be pleased to present my Duty to the Congress, and assure them of my most faithful Services.
With great Esteem, I have the honour to be, Sir, &ca signed
B. Franklin
Honble. Robt. R. Livingston Esqe.

Notation: Letter 12 Aug 1782 Doct Franklin Read Decr. 13. 1782 Secret— Decr. 27 At the request of Mr Howell the injunction of Secresy taken off so far as respects the latter part of the paragraph on the second page marked between Brackets () and of the first paragraph of the letter of Sept 3. 1782


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Robert Morris, 12 August 1782
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Morris, Robert

Sir
Passy August 12th 1782.
I have received, many of them at the same time, your sundry letters of March 23. April 8 & 17 May 17 18, two 23 two and 29. It would be a Satisfaction to me if you would likewise mention from time to time the Dates of those you receive from me.
Most of your Letters pressing my obtaining more money for the Present year. The late Losses suffer’d in the W. Indies, and the unforseen necessary Expenses the Reparation there and here must occasion render it more difficult, and I am told impossible. Tho’ the good Disposition of the Court towards us continues perfect. All I can say on the Head of money more than I have said in preceding Letters, is, that I confide you will be careful not to Bankrupt your Banker by your Drafts, and I will do my Utmost that those you draw shall be duly honored.
The Plan you intimate for discharging the Bills in favor of Beaumarchais, tho’ well imagined was impracticable. I had accepted them, and he had discounted them, or paid them away, or divided them among his Creditors. They were therefore in different Hands with whom I could not manage the Transactions proposed. Besides, I had paid them punctually when they became due, which was before the Receipt of your Letter on that Subject. That he was furnish’d with his Funds by the Government here is a Supposition of which no foundation appears. He says it was by a Company he had formed: and when he sollicited me to give up a Cargo in Part of Payment he urg’d with Tears in his Eyes the Distress himself and associates were reduc’d to by our Delay of Remittances. I am glad to see that it is intended to appoint a Commissioner to settle all our public Accounts in Europe. I hope he will have better Success with M. Beaumarchais than I have had. He has often promised solemnly to render me an Account in two or three Days. Years have since elaps’d and he has not yet done it. Indeed I doubt whether his Books have been so well kept as to make it possible.
You direct me in yours of May 17th. “to pay over into the Hands of Mr Grand on your account such monies belonging to the United States as may be in Europe distinct from those to be advanced for the current Year.” I would do it with Pleasure if there were any such. There may be indeed some in Holland rais’d by the new Loan, but that is not in my Disposition, tho’ I have no Doubt that Mr Adams will on occasion apply it, in support of your Credit. All the Aids given by the Crown, all the Sums borrow’d of it, and all the Dutch Loans of ten Millions: tho’ the Orders to receive have been given to me, the Payments from the Tresor Royal have all been made on my orders in Favor of Mr. Grand, and the Money again paid away by him on my Drafts for Public Services and Expences, as you will see by his Accounts, so that I never saw or touched a Livre of it, except what I received from him in Discharge of my Salary and some Disbursments. He has even received the whole Six Millions of the Current Year, so that I have nothing in any Shape to pay over to him. On occasion of my lately desiring to know the State of our Funds that I might judge whether I could undertake to Pay what you were directed to Pay Mr William Lee by Note of Congress “as soon as the State of Public Finances would admit” Mr Grand wrote me a Note with a Short Sketch of their then supposed situation which I enclose. You will Probably have from him as soon as possible a more perfect Account but this will serve to show that I could not prudently comply with your wish in making that Payment to Mr Lee, and I have accordingly declin’d it; the Less unwillingly as he is intitled by the Vote to Interest.
I send herewith the Accounts of the supplies we have received in Goods which I promised in my last. The sum of their Value is included in the Settlement made with this Court mentioned in a former Letter. Herewith I also send a Copy of the Contract, which has been long in hand, and but lately compleated. The Term of the first yearly payment we are to make, was readily changed at my request from the first to the third year after the Peace; the other marks of the Kings bounty towards us will be seen in the Instrument. The Interest already due, and forgiven, amount to more than a Million & half; what might become due before the Peace is uncertain. The Charges of Exchange, Commissions, Brokerage &ca. &ca. of the Dutch Loan, amount to more than 500,000 Livres, which is also given, so that we have the whole sum net; and are to Pay for it but 4 per cent. This Liquidation of our Accounts with the Court was compleated before the Vote of Congress directing it came to Hand. Mr Grand examined all the Particulars, and I have no doubt of its being approved.
Mr Grand to whom I have communicated your letter of April 17th. will soon write to you fully. We shall observe the general Rule you give respecting 5th, 6th 7th & 8th Bills. The attention, care and pains necessary to prevent by exact Accounts of those accepted, and Examination of those offered, Impositions which are often attempted, by presenting at a distant time the 2nd. 3rd. &ca is much greater than I could have imagined. Much has been saved by that attention, of which of late we keep an Account; But the Hazard of Loss by such attempts might be diminished together with the Trouble of examination, by making fewer small Bills.
Your Conduct, Activity and address as Financier and Provider for the Exigencies of the State is much admired and praised here, its good Consequences being so evident, particularly with regard to the rising Credit of our Country, and the Value of Bills. No one but yourself can enjoy your growing Reputation more than I do.
Mr Grand has undertaken to Pay any Ballance that may be found due to Messrs. le Couteulx, out of the Money in his hands. Applying for so small a Sum as 5000 Livres would be giving Trouble for a Trifle as all application for money must be considered in Council.
Mr Grand having already received the whole six Millions either in money or accepted Bills payable at different Periods, I expect he will deliver up to me the Bills for that Sum which you have drawn upon me; the rather as they express Value received by you. I never heard any mention here of intended Monthly Payments, or that the money could not be obtained but by your drafts. I enclose a Letter by which the Payment was ordered of the last three Millions.
I observe what you mention of the Order that Ministers Salaries are to be hereafter paid in America. I hereby impower and desire you to receive and remit mine. I do not doubt your doing it regularly and timely; for a Minister without Money I perceive makes a ridiculous Figure here, tho’ secure from arrests. I have taken a quarters advance of Salary from the 4th of last Month, supposing it not intended to muzzle immediately the mouth of the ox that treadeth out the Corn.
With great Esteem, I am, Sir, Yours &ca. &ca.
B. (signed) Franklin
Your Boys are well Mr Ridley & Mr Barclay still in Holland.Honble R Morris Esqr.

Notation: Copy of letters of 8 April and 12 August 1782 from Doct Franklin to the Superintend of finance, which were recd and read in Congress 27 Decr. 1782 Jany 2d. 1783 Pursuant to the order of Congress of this day I deliverd this copy into the hands of M Howell, but to my surprise after Congress adjourned found it left on the table Cha Thomson


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Richard Bache, 12 August 1782
From: Bache, Richard
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear & Hond. Sir
Philadelphia Augt. 12th. 1782.
I have wrote you by two different Conveyances,— Another now pressents which I embrace to let you know we are well, & to send you the Dutch News papers— Wishing them safe to your hands— I remain with unfeigned Love & Duty. Yours affectionately
Rich. Bache
Dr. Franklin—

Addressed: Doctor Franklin
Notation: R. Bache Augt. 12. 1782.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Thomas Barclay, 12 August 1782
From: Barclay, Thomas
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Amsterdam 12th. Augt. 1782
I have been for Some time past in hopes of having the pleasure of hearing from your Excellency in answer to what I had the honour of writing to you the 17th. of last month. Since that time Mess De Neufville have totally rejected any Arbitration relative to the Settlement of their demand and have applied to Congress— Consequently my Stay here on their account will be intirely unnecessary and with respect to the Continental goods I have got Clear of them tollerably well. I have put on board the Brigantine Grace 64 Packs of linen the freight to be paid in America, and by the Brigantine four Friends a Neutral Vessell 82 Bales, the freight of which is also payable in America, except that of 23 Bales of Soldiers Socks and mittens which is of no great Consequence, and which must be paid here as the Value Cannot be ascertained in America. I hope to have the honour of Seeing you before this Vessell Sails and of being able to prevail on you to order Insurance on the Value as it may be done at a low premium, and I think it is better not to run the risk. By the Brigantine Temmink I have Shipped 22 Bales and have been obliged to value on your Excellency of the 9th. for amount of the freight and Primage Viz in favour of Sampson Marcus & Co. at Six Months No. 25 for 3143 Ecus which I must rely on your Excellencys Goodness to honour. Next post will Convey you my account Current, and I must depend on your assistance a little farther, It shall be as little as posible, but in truth there was no other way of getting away the goods, I Know they are much wanted in America, and Ruin of them would be the Consequence of their remaining here. This has been experienced on Supplies purchased by Mr. Beaumarchais which lay in the West Indies untill they were render’d intirely unfit for use by the Moth and became not worth twenty Shillings the Bale, There lyes at Mess. De Neufville 9 Bales of French Cloth left there by Mr. Gillon I Know not the value, but I Suppose about £500.—and at Mr. Van Arps 4 Bales of the Same Kind of goods—the value is So very inconsiderable in Comparison of the Sale which he made to Col. Lawrence [Laurens] that I think I had better not medle with them— But Should your Excellency think other ways, both Mr. De Neufville and Mr. Van Arp Say they are ready to deliver them. The letter which I Shall write you next post will be the last I Shall have the honour to address you from Holland, I am Sir very respectfully your Excellency Most Obedient & Most Hum Sert.
Thos Barclay
His Excellency Benjn. Franklin Esqe.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Caffiéri, 12 August 1782
From: Caffiéri, Jean-Jacques
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
De Paris ce 12 Aoust 1782
Jay lhonneur de vous faire remettre plusieurs Epreuve de Tombeau que vous mave demender, je profite de cette occasions pour vous offrier La Statue de Pierre Corneille qui est une fidelé copie de celle que jay executer en marbre pour Le Roy de qui a merité les applaudissement du Public, jose vous Supliér de vouloire bien L’accepter Comme un hommage que je Rens a votre Rare Merite qui vous ont acquis Ladmirations de tout Les Nations.
Je Sui avec un tres profon Respec Monsieur Votre tres humble et tres obeïssant Serviteur
Caffieri

Notation: Caffiery 12. Aout 1782.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 12 August 1782
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dr & hond sir
Nantes Augt 12 1782
The present serves only to inform you that agreable to the permission contained in Billy’s letter of the 23 June I have this day drawn on you for my advances to Prisoners in favour of Mr Grand as per accot on the other side amounting to £1697..10..0 which please to honour I inclose the original Vouchers to each charge.— I am as ever &c &c
His Excellency Doctor Franklin Passy


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Henry Wyld: Two Letters, 12 August 1782
From: Wyld, Henry
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Franklin had last heard from Wyld and his group of English textile manufacturers, who wanted to emigrate to America, through their representative Edmund Clegg in mid-June. Buoyed by having received Franklin’s passport and letters of recommendation, and ignoring his admonitions against sailing before a peace was declared, the core group had consolidated their assets and sent one of their number to Ireland to scout out ships and make arrangements for the passage. Clegg decided to stay behind, at least for the time being. Wyld, eager to enlist experts in all aspects of the trade, approached several additional highly regarded engineers. One of them, the subject of letter (I), below, was John Swindell of Stockport, inventor of a cotton carding and roving machine. His involvement, as it turned out, was the group’s undoing.
On August 3, Swindell turned informer. Assuring Secretary of State Thomas Townshend that he had won the trust of these defectors “far beyond my most sanguine expectations,” he spelled out their plans in enough detail to ensure credibility. Henry Wyld, he wrote, had visited Franklin in Paris and had received both a passport and the promise of congressional backing. The group had retained a ship in Londonderry with a payment of twenty guineas. Franklin had also written Wyld a letter—which Swindell alone had been shown—that mentioned a “certain latitude” where their ship could meet with a huge convoy bound to a destination that Swindell was prepared to divulge. Since the emigrants were due to leave for Ireland in six days, “no time is to be lost.”
Townshend immediately notified the lord lieutenant in Dublin, who in turn notified customs officials in Londonderry. Townshend also instructed the head of the Secret Service to investigate. An agent was dispatched to Stockport to interview Swindell, who provided more details. The agent’s report, submitted to Whitehall on August 8, gave names and descriptions of many of the emigrants and specified that Wyld, who was leaving the following day to join the group in Liverpool, was lame, walked with a crutch, and was said to conceal his passport in the sole of his shoe. Their ship was to meet the Rhode Island—bound convoy thirty leagues off the Azores. When the group arrived in Londonderry, they were to apply to a Mr. Wood.

I.
Most Excellent Sir
Hatherlow 12th. August 1782
I Am sorry to inform you, that M. Jno. Swindles Engine Maker of Stockport can not attend the Co. ’though he originally designed so to do; Yet as circumstances occur I am perswaded he will for the next six years be of more use to us in Stockport than he could be with us, and knowing from the professed principles he possesseth, that he will hazard much for the sake of us and the Cause of the United States, I humbly recommend him to your notice, and beg you would give him an Answer by the return of post, to what he proposeth by the inclosed, knowing that his abilities in Machinery equal, if not surpass any Mans in this Country, if we have any occation to make use of him I hope you will forward our Orders to him during the continuance of the present unhappy disputes betwixt the persons in power in this Kingdom, and the Citizens of the United states of America (whose preveledges we wish to in part injoy and whose oppressions we will participate) and forward his returns to us, and by you so doing and complying with my other request you will am perswaded be of great use to us as Manufacturing Subjects of those states and use to our common Friend am Honour’d Sir Your very humble and most obedient servant
Henry Wyld

Addressed: M. Ferdinand Grand Mercht. / Paris / Haste
Notations in different hands: hatherlon le 12 aoust 1782: henry Wyld / Recue le 30 aoust Reple

II.
Most excellent Sir
Hatherlow 12th. August 1782
The person who writes the Postscrip, being originally one of our Company, and one who designed to accompany the Expedition, but is put by, through an uncommon disappointment yet he wishes to be in Pensilvania, and I am fully persuaded he means to follow, if his business would be worth carrying over, of which you only can inform him of, and whereas sundry honest and industrious Artisans wish to acompany him which perhaps may be of use to us I humbly desire you will return him Answer to the questions he may propound to you respecting their Business; as they may be of use to the persons already gone, and perhaps be instrumental in introducing some useful mechanical Inventions, I hope they are people of confidence, and though not companions; yet well wishers to the undertaking, and the Inditer of the post script a person in whom I place the greatest Confidence, I am for him and self, Sir Your excellencies most obedient Humble Servant
Henry Wyld

Addressed: Mr. Ferdinand Grand Mercht. / Paris / Haste
Notations in different hands: Hatherlon le 12 aoust 1782 Henry Wyld / Recue le 5 7bre Réple


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Shuttleworth, [14 August 1782]
From: Shuttleworth, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Hotel d’Hambourg Ruè Jacob.Wednesday Afternoon [August 14, 1782]
Since I had the honor of conversing with you, it has occurred to me, that much of the expence, danger of capture, and inconvenience attending my intended voyage would be prevented by going to New York: the difficulty of getting from thence to Maryland seems, to me, to be that of being received into General Washington’s lines; I have been a little acquainted with him from having met him at Sir Robert Eden’s table, when he was Governor of Maryland, but so many years have elapsed since that time, and his mind has been so continually employed in affairs of importance that he most probably may have forgotten me, entirely; I imagine a few lines from you, such as I might send by a flag of truce, expressive of my intention of settling in America would entirely remove all difficulties of that sort perhaps too, my profession would be no bar to my reception, especially if it be considered that there are very few Gentleman who have had those opportunities of acquiring professional Knowledge which I have happily experienced: If, therefore, you should see nothing improper in favoring me with an introduction of that kind to the General I should esteem myself extremely obliged to you for it.
As an interested person I may see this affair in a different point of view to that in which your experience may lead you to consider it; but I beg leave to assure you that I wd not presume to sollicit a favor which I foresaw might be attended with any inconvenience to yourself, and I must beg that you will attribute any impropriety in my request to my want of Reflection.
It is my intention to leave paris on Saturday morning on my return to England, (for a few days), by way of Lisle and ostend; and I will do myself the honor of calling upon you on Friday morning, when you may depend [torn: on?] my care of any letter or message with which you may please to favor me. I am with very great respect Sir yr obliged and very obedt Servt
John Shuttleworth

Addressed: Doctor Franklin / Passÿ
Notation: Shuttleworth


Title: Editorial Note on Promissory Notes, 1782
From:
To:

During the months covered by this volume, seven American seamen claiming to have escaped from British prisons, all but one of whose claims seem to have been legitimate, received financial assistance on Franklin’s order and signed promissory notes at Passy. They each received the same amount: 120 l.t., or 5 louis d’or.
Capt. Samuel Mansfield, who signed a promissory note on Aug. 25, brought Franklin a letter of introduction from Francis Coffyn dated August 21 (below). Thomas Potter and John Smith also applied to Franklin on August 25. Chipman Bangs of Boston and Rufus Hopkins of Providence, both of whom called themselves midshipmen on the Alliance, signed promissory notes on December 7. Thomas Cox signed a note on December 18, and Thomas Connoly on January 13, 1783. Connoly carried a letter of introduction from Francis Coffyn dated January 9 (below).


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from William Bell, [16 August 1782]
From: Bell, William
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Friday evening 3 oClock [August 16, 1782]
Mr. Bells best respects waits on His Excellency Docr. Franklin and begs the Docr. to favour him with a passport to Ostend—Mr. Bell did not set off As he yeasterday intended, but will undoubtedly set off early tomorrow morning—therefore will be thankfull to have the pasport this evening.
Should His Excellency have any commands Mr. Bell will be happy in rendering his Excellency any service in his power.
Docr. Franklin will please to Include Miss Beckwiths name in the pass

Endorsed: Mr Bell & Mademoiselle Beckwith Citoyens de l’Amerique avec leur Domestiques


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ——— Loyseau, 16 August 1782
From: Loyseau, ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
paris Le 16 aoust 1782.
Je viens de Lire des Lettres tres affligeantes de Mr. Le comte de Benyowsky. Il etoit parti dans La Confiance que Le congrés S’empresseroit a lui donner de L’employ, vous Lui aviés remis une Lettre dans Laquelle vous donnés de son caractère et de Ses talens Militaires L’opinion qu’il faut en avoir. Quelle est donc La cause de La conduite du congrés? Permettés moy, Monsieur, d’avoir L’honneur de vous voir et de vous demander Le jour qui vous conviendra le mieux.
Je Suis avec Respect Monsieur votre tres humble et tres obeissant Serviteur.
LoyseauAvocat au parlement Rue Ste. anneprés La Rue neuve des petits champs.

Made. La comtesse de Benyowsky est chez moy dans Ce Moment a Se desesperer des inductions que L’on peut tirer contre Son mari de La conduite du Congrès.

Notation: Loyseau 16 aout 1782.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 16 August 1782
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear & hond. sir,
Nantes 16th. August 1782
I have lately received a letter from Tristram Dalton Esqr. of Newbury-Port, informing me that you some Time ago advis’d him of having obtain’d orders for payment of a Sum, for the loss sustain’d by the owners of the Brigt. Fair-Play; & that you would deposit it in my hands— Mr. Dalton desires me to give him some information concerning this matter, & I should be much obliged if you would give me some advise that I may communicate to him the information desired— The death of my new-born daughter, & the present debility of Mrs. Williams forbids my adding more than that I am most respectfully & dutifully yours
Jona Williams J

His Excelly. B. Franklin Esqr.

Addressed: A Son Excellence / Monsr Franklin / a / Passy / près Paris
Notation: J. Williams 16. Aout 1782.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Mary Hewson, 17 August 1782
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Hewson, Mary (Polly) Stevenson

My dear good Child,
Passy, Augt. 17. 1782
I received your kind Letter by Dr Shuttleworth. It always gives me great Pleasure to hear of the Welfare of you and yours. As to my self, I continue as hearty as at my Age could be expected, and as chearful as ever you knew me, hoping ere long to see Peace and my Friends, whose continued Regard for me after so long and so thorough an Acquaintance with me, I esteem among my Honours and Felicities. It is now a Quarter of a Century since our Friendship commenc’d, and tho’ we lived much of the time together, it has never been interupted by the smallest Misunderstanding or Coolness.— In this Observation I include your good Mother, from whom I had lately the Pleasure of receiving a few Lines. I embrace you both with the most tender Affection, being ever sincerely yours
B Franklin


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ——— Puchelberg, 17 August 1782
From: Puchelberg, ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur,
Versailles 17. Aout 1782.
Il y a près d’un mois que Mrs. schweighauser & dobrée de Nantes m’ont prevenû, que le Congrés ayant pleinement approuvé les fournitures faites par ma maison à l’Orient pour la fregate l’Alliance, Capt. Landais a chargé Votre Excellence de me payer cet objet conformément au Compte des fournitures que j’en ai remis.

C’est pourquoi Et comme je me trouve actuellement à Versailles, j’ai l’honneur de prier Votre Excellence, de vouloir bien me faire Savoir l’heure de Sa Commodité, pour être finalement payé d’un Compte qui m’a causé bien des peines.
Comme, au reste, l’equipage de la dite fregate l’Alliance ne discontinue pas à me tourmenter pour la rentrée des fonds de leurs parts des prises Et dont j’ai la procuration en main; je Suplie également Votre Excellence, de me marquer, Si le partage de ces parts de prises aura lieu ou non? Dans ce dernier cas je Serai bien aise d’en prevenir le monde, afin que l’on me laisse tranquille.
J’ai l’honneur d’Etre avec bien du Respect Monsieur, de Votre Excellence le très humble Et très obeissant Serviteur
Puchelberg

Notation: Puchelberg 17e Aôut 1782.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Shuttleworth, 17 August 1782
From: Shuttleworth, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

	Dr Sir
Hotel d’Hambourg Saturday Morn: 17 Augst: 1782.
My Servt. will waite your leisure for the papers you are so good to give me and for any letter or letters you may please to commit to my care.
Permit me once more to acknowledge your very great civillities and to assure you that I shall ever remember them with gratitude I remain Dr Sir Yr most obedt: Servt
J Shuttleworth

Addressed: Doctor Franklin / Plassy
Notation: J. Shuttleworth 17. Augt. 1782.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Benjamin Vaughan, 18 August 1782
From: Vaughan, Benjamin
To: Franklin, Benjamin

My dearest sir,
Paris, Augt. 18, 1782.
The inclosed I believe is what you wished; and it is of the party’s hand writing. His account of himself may be natural, and it may be otherwise. But you of course will be the best judge.

On Tuesday morning about 10 o’clock I shall bring the lady we spoke of to visit you, according to your kind permission.—The more I see of her, the more her appearance of virtue, good sense, resolution, & humility, interest me; and the more her story assumes of truth and necessity. I have given Mr Jay all the particulars I know, and shall not repeat them here therefore.
As I shall at all events wait here the return of this courier, if things do not suit for her going out, I will take charge of her back again in some way or other, if her female friends here judge it discreet. I am, my dearest sir, with the utmost respect, your affectionate, devoted, and grateful,
Benjn: Vaughan
In haste.

Addressed: A son Excell. Monsr: / Monsr. Franklin, / a Passy.
Notation: Vaughan Augt. 18. 1782.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from William Cheetham, 20 August 1782
From: Cheetham, William
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Most excellent Sir
Newton Moor 20th. August 1782
With defference & respect I presume (thro’ the medium of my Friend Henry Wilde) to acquaint you that I am prevented by an unforeseen event of accompanying my Friends to pensilvania, But am resolved to follow (together with a number of other useful & well disposed Artisans) If it should appear from your Answer to the following Queries to be advantageous to us. Will wool that is grown in America suit for making Hats, or is stuff hatting the only branch of that Manufactory carried on there. Is there any quantity of pit Coal got there. But if any thing be asked here that is improper for you to answer, I beg you will forgive the same, & impute it to any other cause than a want of respect for your excelleny & the goverment you represent both of which is held in the highest estimation by your excellencies most obedient humle servant
William Cheetham
N.B. Directions back

William Cheetham hat maker Nwton Moor Near Ashton underline to the care of George Ashley Manchester


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jan Ingenhousz, 20 August 1782
From: Ingenhousz, Jan
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear friend.
Vienna aug. 20th. 1782
I Was very happy in recieving your lettre containing the explication of the stroke of lightning at Cremona, and an other, dated July 4th, which came to hand before yesterday. Recieve my most harty thanks for both these favours and particularly for your kindness of forwarding my lettre to mr. Sam. Wharton and joining to it an admonitory note of your own on my behalf, of which note you tell me to have inclosed a copy, which was left behind as it was not in the lettre. I thank you allso for the Communication of the American News. I doe not give up all hopes of a general congress being held at Vienna, as, besides the affaires to be adjusted between Gr. Brittain and the united states of America, the other European powers have direct or indirect relation with America as a New power starting up all at once. Old treatises between Gr. Brittain and Holland will be annihilated and new ones made and many new regulations must take place between all the European Powers after the tremendous power of that prowd insulary nation will be reduced to a more moderate condition. All those things can not be adjusted so soon, and will require some time to be settled, which, I imagine can’t be conveniently done but by convoking a congress.
I am very glad to see, that your wighty political occupations have not yet been able to make you laid aside those pursuites, which were formerly your favourite studies. I hope for the sake of Philosophy, that you will fulfill your desires to pass the evening of life in the pursuit of Nature’s laws. I wish I was at liberty to follow you on that Spot, where you will finish your glorious carreer, and where I my self have had the strongest inclination to finish mine: and indeed this thaugt had a great wight with me in resolving to employe a part of my fortune in a way, by which there was a faire prospect of augmenting my Stock so as to make me independent from Europe: and indeed, if I could write to you, what I think upon the times to be expected in this country, you would certainly think it much better for me to live in country of freedom, whose laws are framed by those, who submitt to them, and where no frowns of a monark will ever inspire terror and apprehensions to any man.
Your remarks upon the experiment with the wires seems to be wighty; but when I was to prepare for the repetition of it, I began to make some reflexion [on] your advise to put the hot oil in motion when the end of the wires are plunged in it; I apprehended from such motion, that the wires beying unequaly dipt in it by the very motion of the fluid, will contract the more heat as they will be in contact with more of the heated fluid. I should think that leaving the hot oil quiet, but sliding the frame, in which the wires are fastened, slowly over the edge of the vessel would answer the purpose. The leaving the wires a long while into the melted wax, till they are thoroughy and equaly heated, seems to me of great importance, and I will observe this if I repeat the experiment. I thank you for the hint.
I have not yet been able to find a copy of the pamflet of Pere Barletti on the stroke of lightning at cremona. It is not to be got here, but I will endeavour to get it from Italy; tho I believe you have rightly understood the meaning of the author, as I remembre of having run over the performance when I was with you at passy. I made an extract of what yould wrote about the American Affaires in the letter accompanying the reflexions on pere Barletti book, and at what you say, that it is the intrest of whole Europe to prevent a foederal Connexion between Gr. Britain and the American free states; I joined some reflexions about the danger to be apprehended for the tranquillity of Europe if so proud and quarlsom a nation should be again united with North america so as to have its full support in time of warr and be at no expenses to keep it in time of peace. I did make use of those reflexions you Communicated to me by reasoning about this affaire. I gave the paper to the first lord of the bedchamber, who gave it to the Emperour. He kept it. But I made no extract of you lettre of July 4th, as you write me the Contents are for my private information. I am much obliged to you for those informations and will be very glad of knowing from time to time who your Countries affaires goe on: But it is a pity that letters remain such a long while behind. If a lettre, not to big, was recommended by you to Count Mercy, he would Send it to me by the ordinary post in his pacquet to the court, if no Courier or private court messenger was agoying, which happens once every month, thereabouts at a fixed day.
I write by this oportunity to mr. le Begue, that, if he should find it inconsistent with his affaires, or impossibly by his frequent absence from town to take care of the impression of my book, I should be obliged to him to get A substitute in his room, who could act in the time of absence. I propose mr. le Roy in case of necessity, informing him that I make no doubt but you would employe, in case it should be required, your good offices in begging this favour for me of mr. le Roy.
I am Verry respectfully Dear Sir Your obedient humble servt and affectionate friend
J. Ingen Housz
to his Excellency B. Franklin Minister Plenip. of the united States of America. at Passy.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Francis Coffyn, 21 August 1782
From: Coffyn, Francis
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Dunkerque ce 21. aoust 1782.
J’ai l’honneur de vous ecrire la presente, laquelle vous sera remise par Mr. Samuel Mansfield, Capitaine au Service des Etats unis de L’amerique; Lequel a été pris dans le brigantin Rizing States et conduit a Pool en Angletterre, d’ou il s’est Sauvé des prisons, il est arrivé ici manquant d’argent, comme il désire Retourner en sa patrie, je lui ai fourni pour le compte de Votre Excellence une Somme de 72. l.t. pour l’aider a payer les frais de sa route.
J’ai l’honneur d’Etre tres respectueusement Monsieur Votre tres humble & tres obéissant Serviteur
F. Coffyn

Addressed: A Son Excellence / M. Bn franklin / Ministre plenipotentiaire des Etats unis / de L’amerique Septentrionale a la cour de / france / a Passi pres Paris
Notation: F Coffyn 21. Aout 1782.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John MacMahon: Prescription and Directions, [23–24 August 1782]
From: MacMahon, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

During the third week of August, Franklin suffered a severe attack of bladder or kidney stones, accompanied by a pain in the hip that extended down his left thigh. The latter problem was generally (and erroneously) attributed to gout. Franklin would be confined to his house for nearly six weeks. During that time, news of his illness spread throughout Europe, some of it false. In Italy officials learned from their diplomats at Versailles that Franklin had suffered a stroke; in England it was reported that he had had a fit of apoplexy.
Elkanah Watson visited Passy on September 5 and was convinced that Franklin was dying. On September 17 Franklin, still in pain from “Gravel & Gout,” confessed to John Jay that he feared his situation was more serious than those around him realized, and seems to have asked Jay to draw up a will for him. Five days later he was said to be “much better,” though he would continue to allude to poor health over the next few weeks. By late October, Franklin was able to resume his rounds. The pain in his thigh, however, had rendered him so weak on the left side that he still had difficulty going up and down stairs as late as January.
This was the first major episode of an illness that would eventually become chronic and debilitating. According to the case history which Franklin wrote some years later, the methods he employed during this attack “in order to bring the suppos’d Gout down into the Foot” included “warm Bathing, and a Poultis of Mustard.” This treatment caused his foot to swell but did not draw the pain down from the thigh, where it persisted. As for the stone, he remarked that as a young man he had suffered milder attacks but had been free of them for the past fifty years. During this acute episode, he “daily voided Gravel Stones the Size of small Pease, [and] took now and then some Decoctions of Herbs & Roots that were prescribed him by Friends or Physicians. …” Among the remedies Franklin tried were the saponaria pills specified in the following prescription, which were to be taken with an herbal decoction described in the accompanying directions.
Were they effective? Unfortunately not, and Franklin discontinued their use. Though he would receive advice and remedies from well-wishers all over England and France, he wrote in his case history that he “persisted … in nothing except the Use of Honey at Breakfast instead of or sometimes with Butter on his Bread, he remembering to have heard in the Conversation of Physicians, Honey mentioned as of great Service in Gravelly Cases.” Eventually the malady subsided, “but observing Sand constantly in his Urine, he continued the use of the Honey to the amount of perhaps a Pound per Week.” In spite of this precaution, he had another attack of the stone the following autumn, and chronically thereafter.

  [August 23–24, 1782]
I.
ce 23 Aoút
Rx Sapon. medic —— ½ oz.
f. pilul. singul. gran. vi.
pulves. glycir. composs.
d. ad [illegible]
  S. six pilules deux fois par jour pour son Excellence M. Franklin
MacMahon

on enverra aussi une demi-once des semences de carotte sauvage et un verre d’emulsion édulcorée avec une once de syrop de diacode

II.
ce 24 Aout
On fera bouillir une demi-douzaine de sebestes et autant de jujubes, une demi-once de pois chiches, deux gros de semences de mauve et autant de celle de guimauve dans cinq demi setiers d’eau, qu’on réduira à une pinte.
Passez la décoction, que Monsieur boira par verrées de temps en temps dans la journée, il peut en boire un verre une heure avant les répas, mais il n’en boira que trois heures après le diner. Les pilules au nombre de six doivent étre prises le matin et le soir; il boira après les pilules ce matin une tasse de l’infusion de graine de lin et de carotte sauvage, et après la prise du soir, toute l’émulsion.

Demain après chaque prise de six pilules il boira un verre de la tisane ci-dessus.  Mc. M


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Comte de Vergennes, 23 August 1782
From: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

à Versailles le 23. aout 1782.
J’ai reçu, M, la lettre que vous m’avez fait l’honneur de mecrire le 9 de ce mois, ainsi que le mémoire qui y étoit joint. J’ai communiqué cette piéce à M. le Mis. de Castries, et je ne doute pas que ce Ministre ne prenne en considération la demande qu’elle renferme autant que les Circonstances le permettront. Nous nous occupons, M, des moyens de faire prospérer le commerce qui s’est établi entre la france et les Etats-unis, et nous ne négligerons rien pour remplir cet objet à la satisfaction commune des deux Pays. Le Congrès faciliteroit beaucoup notre travail s’il vouloit bien nous communiquer ses idées et ses vües à cet égard, et je vous en fais la demande avec d’autant plus de confiance, que je suis persuadé que cette assemblée desire autant que nous d’établir d’une maniere avantageuse et solide les relations de commerce entre la france et l’Amerique.
M. Franklin


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jonathan Williams, Jr., 23 August 1782
From: Williams, Jonathan Jr.
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear & hond sir.
Nantes Augt. 23. 1782.
I beg leave to solicit your kindness in forwarding the inclosed to the Marquis de Castries and to add a Line in addition to my Request. You will see it is no Favour out of the common Line I therefore ask without hesitation.

If I had 100 Tons of the public Stores here I could put them on board the Cato & land them in Boston or some neighbouring Port according to Circumstances. It is strange that we need depend on french Transports when there are now at least 10 American ships well armed & none will go away full.
I did not inform you of the Birth of my Daughter because I never reckoned her as an Aquisition and she is now as if she had never been. Mrs Williams is yet very poorly, but I hope not dangerous. I am as ever Yours most dutifully & affectionately
Jona Williams J
His Excellency Doctor Franklin.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Gaetano Filangieri, 24 August 1782
From: Filangieri, Gaetano
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Most respectable Sir,
Naples, August 24, 1782
Your precious gift has finally reached me after many months, and I consider it one of the greatest prizes I received for my work. Your graciousness would have provoked a feeling of vanity in me had it not been prevented by my knowledge of the generosity of your soul. To show you my gratitude, I sent a few copies of my work to Signor Pio, Embassy Secretary in Paris of the Court of Naples and I asked him to give you a copy in my name— also to beg you to accept a few more, should you be inclined to give them to some friends.
I have almost completed the third book, the one dealing with criminal law. It will take up two volumes, one of which is concerned with the procedural system, and the other with the penal code. The novelty of my ideas on both objects frightens me. In a century during which so much has been written and thought about everything that has to do with public prosperity, it is quite easy to see originality as akin to strangeness. This thought disturbs me and sometimes even oppresses me. In order to surmount that feeling, I keep repeating to myself: “If you had merely repeated the ideas of other people, what benefit could humanity have expected from your writings? If my ideas are strange, they will be rejected and in that case humanity will not suffer any damage; but if, while novel, they are also reasonable, applicable and opportune, if they manage to diminish the suffering of a single person, if they result in preventing just one injustice, shouldn’t you applaud yourself for having spoken out, shouldn’t you regret to have kept your ideas secret because of a cowardly feeling of doubt and of fear of seeing those ideas condemned and ridiculed?”
Such is the reasoning that propelled me to pursue my enterprise with all possible vigor. As I have said, I am almost at the end and you, respectable man and remarkable being, will be the first to judge it, you who struggling against men and against the gods, snatched the lightning from Jupiter and the scepter from tyrants. Once I receive your opinion on this part of my work, I shall tell you about a personal project. You, who can ensure my happiness and make me an instrument of use to my fellow men, please allow me to hide a secret that I shall reveal to you when I have obtained your promise not to communicate it to anybody.
I kiss your hand with the respect inspired by your talents and your virtues, and I subscribe myself Your truly devoted servant
Il Cavalier Gaetano Filangieri


Title: William Withering’s “On Calculus Complaints”: Résumé, [after 24 August 1782]
From: Withering, William
To:

When Franklin fell ill, Benjamin Vaughan (then in Paris) sought medical advice from the eminent British physician William Withering, whose areas of research included “human calculi” or stones. Withering’s reply is missing, but Franklin later described it as “a very ingenious & judicious Letter (as it appear’d to me) written by you on the Subject of calculous Complaints & the Remedies that had been propos’d for them.” Withering’s “On Calculous Complaints,” dated 1782 and published in a posthumous collection of his works, is in the form of an essay but was obviously drawn from this letter. We summarize it here, as Withering’s editor reported that the doctor wrote this overview of the stone and its treatments “in compliance with the wishes of Dr. F. and his friends.” In his reply to Vaughan, Withering also invited Franklin to send him an account of his case so that he might be able to recommend a specific course of treatment. Franklin waited until another acute attack of the stone in early 1784 to take Withering up on this offer.

<[after Aug. 24, 1782]: Believing the stone to be composed of “calcareous earth, fixed air, and some animal gluten,” many doctors had reasoned that the glue holding the particles together might be dissolved by soap lye, lime water, and “caustic vegetable alkali.” These methods proved ineffectual. Other research suggested that stones might be dissolved by “fixed air,” or carbon dioxide. Physicians whom Withering respected had their patients drink large quantities of “fixed air water.” This produced so many successes that Withering tried injecting fixed air directly into the bladder. His technique was not painful to the patients but the results were mixed, and Withering eventually realized that fixed air was not a cure. He then undertook a series of rigorous chemical analyses on a variety of stones, and concluded that “not one of them contained a single particle of calcareous earth; nor would it be easy to demonstrate that they contain any earth at all.” Convinced that “mistaken principles had led us to erroneous practice,” he was currently trying to determine a better method of treatment based on “attentive observation of nature and from facts supported upon the basis of large experience,” which would of course take time. Withering concluded with a section on his observations and recent hypotheses. These included the firm belief that a “sudden check to the perspiration” is certain to induce an attack.>


Title: Editorial Note on Remedies for the Stone, 1782
From:
To:

Franklin received dozens of remedies for the stone during his stay in France, from friends and strangers alike. Most were unsolicited and many are undated. We have determined that most of the undated remedies were sent in response to later episodes; they will be noted in future volumes. The rest we describe here at their earliest possible date, following Franklin’s first attack. All of them are in French.
Don Adroyon, a Spanish marine officer, spells French phonetically in a nearly illegible hand. Being at Passy, he has heard about Franklin’s health, and like all honest men he is concerned. He understands that a certain substance (possibly calomellas) from South America is a powerful agent against the stone.
Two pages survive of what may have been a longer letter from the duc de Chaulnes. He hates consulting doctors but relies on one named Guenand, who is sensible and has had excellent apothecary training. Just that morning Guenand gave him a very good and simple remedy for the stone, to which, Vaughan tells him, Franklin is susceptible. It is soap lye diluted in water, which one should inject into the bladder through a catheter in the urethra. Would Franklin like Chaulnes to send the doctor to him?
Guerin, médécin du roy, writes that mineral water from Griesbach in Alsace is renowned for its effectiveness in all maladies of the kidneys and bladder, especially the gravel. It is this property that gave the town its name, since “gries” in French is “gravelle.” As with all mineral water, one should begin treatment by drinking two or three glasses daily, gradually increasing the number to ten or twelve. Continue this for two or three weeks, or more, if it is having a good effect. The waters of Contreville in Lorraine are also reputed to be beneficial in the same maladies.
A Bordeaux merchant named Vincent has heard about Franklin’s acute attack of the stone from John Bondfield. Bondfield, who knows that Vincent possesses a remedy, has asked him to send it. The cure is infallible, but is a secret. Vincent offers to forward the remedy and instructions for its use, but solemnly asks that Franklin divulge the secret to no one.
The remaining miscellaneous remedies were written on separate sheets in unknown hands. “Recette contre les Coliques Néphrétiques” contains instructions for making a decoction of rhubarb, sugar, and cream of tartar. “Remède contre le Calcul et la Gravelle” recommends a plant that is just beginning to come to the notice of the Faculty of Medicine: the nettle. An infusion of steeped nettles has marvelous diuretic properties. A brief note entitled “Une infusion à jeun de l’uva ursi” notes that the bearberry has been used with success in Switzerland, and was recently introduced to Paris and London. Mr. Nairne of the Royal Society has found it effective. “Remede éprouvé contre les pierres calculs et graviers de la Vessie” was obtained from a seventy-eight-year-old man who claims to have been cured by it, and whose “Observation” follows the remedy. The ingredients are: a pinch of pellitory, a pinch of white nettle flowers, a pinch of linseed, and an ounce of elm shoots, boiled together in sufficient water to result in one pint of liquid. The patient is to drink a pint in the morning, on an empty stomach, for three consecutive days. After two days’ pause, the remedy may be repeated if necessary.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from De Grasse, 26 August 1782
From: Grasse, François-Joseph-Paul, comte de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Paris le 26. aoust 1782.
Le Comte de Grasse á l’honneur de souhaiter le bonjour á son Excellence le Docteur franklin; il le prie de vouloir bien prendre lecture de la lettre ci jointe et se charger de la Faire parvenir á M. le Président du Congrês, dont il ignore le nom.

Notation: Le C. de Grasse 26. Aout 1782.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from William Hodgson, 26 August 1782
From: Hodgson, William
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear sir
London 26 August 1782
Not having any thing particular to Communicate I have deferred too long paying my tribute of thanks for the Civilities I recd from you during my short stay at Paris— I saw the Minister soon after my Return, who was much upon the Fish to know why I paid you a Visit, I turned it off, by saying we had a long Acc’t to settle & that I flatterred myself my Visit had not been alltogether fruitless as I had endeavoured & I hoped with some Success, to convince you that his Lordship was fully resolved to grant American Independence, of the Truth of which most Men entertained great Doubts, he said I did right—& that alltho the Commission for that purpose had not been expedited, yet the Copy had, & the Commission itself shou’d be sent as soon as the Chancellor returned to Town, all which I hope will be carried into execution— If in the course of this Business any thing shou’d occurr which may require a fuller Conversation with his Lordship than perhaps can be obtained from the Gentleman at Paris, I shall be happy in being employed & you may depend upon my Zeal & discretion & you will oblige me much by a hint of Information how things go on.
I have sent the 4 Boxes of pepper Mint drops to Shelburne house which I hope you will receive Safe & I have made application for another Cartel Vessell to carry what American Prisoners have been collected since the last Sailed—with those who were left behind sick the No. is about 130—& I am promised that they shall be sent away as soon as a Vessell can be procured for the purpose— If you have any Dispatches to send I can forward them by some of the Officers that go & perhaps it may be a safe & eligible mode of Conveyance— I have given Directions to Mr Wren to pay a weekly allowance to the Prisoners 1 s., to Officers & 6 p. to Men. I am with the greatest Respect Dr sir Yours most sincerely
William Hodgson
I wrote to Digges pursuant to what we settled but he has not given any Answer, nor do I expect he will—


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Wright, 26 August 1782
From: Wright, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Esteemed Friend
London 26th of 8th mo (Augst.) 1782
Having just heard of an Opportunity of conveying a letter I am unwilling to let it slip without acknowledging the rect. of thy very kind & acceptable favr. dated May 8 which afforded me much pleasure on many accots. particularly to observe that old Time who is silently making depredations upon the mental & bodily powers of all other mortals seem to have passed by the habitation of my good old friend leaving him in full possession of all the Vigor of youth whilst accompanied with the mature judgment of Age. May he not Call Yet of many Years and may we live to see an End of all strife a fair firm & honourable peace That the Christian World so Called might become so far Christian at least as to learn War no more.
I was also pleased to find thou hadst no Concern with our neighbours but surprised at their Conduct towards thee. Am perswaded it was not with T:Cs. approbation thou knowest he is more a man of Science than business. He sufferd. him self to be over ruled in the Conduct of that House more than seemed Consistant with his good sense & manly spirit on other occasions.
A very hansome subscription has been set on foot & a large sum raised to purchase annuities sufficient for what may be Called a genteel support & he has taken a Small house at Southgate to which he is retired with his wife, Before they went thither they spent a few weeks with us at Camberwell & seemed to bear their misfortune with becoming fortitude Yet not without sensibly feeling the situation he was fallen into with all its painful Circumstances. He spoke of thee with respect but not a word of the transaction thou mentions nor did I mention it to him.

Hearing the other day that thy old Landlady & her Daughter live in Kensington Square I went yesterday to see them. The old Lady I think looks full as well as she did 7. or 8 years ago which I noticed. She said seeing me painted her up. However I found her much heartier & better than I expected her Daughter appeared to be very well & in good spirits with her three Children about her. If I can be of any Use in handing thy letters of friendship to them it will give me pleasure.
It afforded me great satisfaction to observe that thou hoped for a restoration of Peace & good will between the two Countries. I know of none so capable of Contributing to the accomplishment of so desirable so blessed a work. I should rejoice to see it & particularly to see thee again which with the renewal of our old Connection I should esteem a great favr. And notwithstand the great loss we & may I not say the world has sustained by the death of the Marquis of Rockingham & the alterations which followed Yet I hope but perhaps it is only the hope of Ignorance Still I would fain flatter myself that when the present Naval campain is over a General peace will be seriously thought of & set about in earnest and if all sides are willing surely it may be effected.
I thank thee for thy kind good wishes for me & our House & am with great Esteem Dear Friend Thine very respectfully
John Wright

My partner Smith is married a second time and is now at Brighthelmstone with his wife & family but think theres no Chance of increase
Dr. Benjamin Franklin Passy

Addressed: Dr. / Benjamin Franklin
Notation: J. Wright, London 26. August 1782.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Félix Vicq d’Azyr, [before 27 August 1782]
From: Vicq d’Azyr, Félix
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur,
[before August 27, 1782]
J’ai l’honneur de Vous adresser quelques Billets d’invitation pour la seance publique de la société Royale de médecine, qui aura lieu le 27 de ce mois et dont elle Vous prie de Vouloir bien disposer. La Compagnie espére que Vous Voudrez bien honorer cette assemblée de Votre présence.
Je serai en mon particulier infiniment flatté, si nous avons le bonheur de Vous posséder à cette séance. J’y ferai la lecture de l’Eloge du Célebre M. foterghill dont j’ai appris, depuis peu de jours, que Vous êtiez l’ami. Entre autres matériaux qui m’ont été adressés pour servir à la redaction de cet éloge, j’ai reçu celui qui en a été fait par M Thompson. Si Vous aviez quelques anecdotes particulieres relatives à M foterghill Je Vous prie de Vouloir bien me les Communiquer, Je m’empresserai d’en faire usage.
Je suis avec respect Monsieur Votre tres humble et très obeissant serviteur.
Vicq DAZYR
M franklin

Notation: Vic-d’azir


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Pierre Colomb, 27 August 1782
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Colomb, Pierre

Passy le 27 Août 1782.
J’ai reçu, Monsieur, les deux Lettres que vous m’avez fait l’honneur de m’écrire le 19 du mois dernier et le 19 du courant pour m’engager à vous procurer votre échange, ainsi que les moyens de retourner en Amerique rejoindre vos drapeaux. Je suis bien faché, Monsieur, de me trouver dans l’impossibilité absolue de vous accorder ce que vous me demandez. Les Échanges se font en Amerique et ces Sortes d’Affaires ne me regardent aucunement; et quant à votre seconde demande elle n’est pas plus dans mon pouvoir que la premiere, n’ayant point d’ordres de fournir aux officiers les moyens de retourner en Amerique, ni d’argent entre les mains pour cet éffet. Je n’ai pas de reponse plus satisfaisante à vous donner au Sujet de vos appointements, J’ignore entierement quelles sont les Regles qu’on suit en Amerique dans ces occasions.
J’ai l’honneur d’être, Monsieur, votre très humble et tres obeissant Serviteur./.
B Franklin
Mr. Colombe

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Colombe Major de / Dragons au Service des Etats / Unis de l’Amerique Septentrionale / à Nîmes./.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Caleb Whitefoord, 29 August 1782
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Whitefoord, Caleb

Passy, Augt. 29. 82
If you know any thing of the Character of J. Miller late Printer of the London Evening Post, as to his Honesty, Sobriety, Industry, &c. you will oblige me by communicating it. Yours affectionately,
B Franklin

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Whitefoord / Hotel d’Orleans, Rue des / petits Augustins / à Paris


Title: Joseph Wright to William Temple Franklin, [c. 29 August 1782]
From: Wright, Joseph
To: Franklin, William Temple

Dear Sir
[c. August 29, 1782]
I found at my return to Paris yesterday, that I am oblidged to be detained a Week longer, as every place was taken both in the Dilligence and Cabriole and there being no other Conveyance before then—and as I receiv’d your Packet this Morning perhaps your letter to Mr. Williams may require an immediate conveyance.— I return my sincere thanks for this continued instance of your grandfathers kindness— I could wish my situation here had put it in my Power to shew you that I had a sence of the friendship, I have received from him and yourself, but I find I have only more favours to ask— I could Wish he would give me leave to make another Copy of his Picture either in small or Large— As I wish to make a Present of to Mrs Beech or whatever Person he should think fit, the last I did, Mr Whitford has been pleased to take from me, I am fearful to ask, as I consider I may be in some Measure troublesome, and he must be tired of Seeing me so Constantly.
I remain Sr Sincerely Yours
Joseph Wright.

I had a great notion of Making it the Size of My Mothers, or the other little one you Saw, as it will be Portable, and yet sufficiently worked to keep the Likeness.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Franklin—fils / a Passy
Endorsed: Joseph Wright Août.—


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to the Marquis de Castries, 31 August 1782
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Castries, Charles-Eugène-Gabriel de La Croix, marquis de

Sir
Passy Augt. 31. 1782
If there is nothing improper in the Requests made by Mr Williams in the enclos’d Letter, I beg leave to recommend them to your Excellency’s favourable Attention. With great Respect, I am, Sir, Your Excellency’s most obedient and most humble Servant
B Franklin
Marquis de Castries

Notation: R [Repondu] le 8. 7bre. 1782. / [audela ?] 1er 7bre v. la f. du même jour et la lettre ecrite à M Clouet


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jean-Baptiste Le Roy, [after August? 1782]
From: Le Roy, Jean-Baptiste
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Jeudy matin [after August, 1782?]
Arrivé hier au Soir Mon Illustre Docteur J’envoye Savoir de vos nouvelles. J’espere bien que vos douleurs de Goutte Se Sont bien calmées. J’ai recu un billet du Musée de M. Court de Gébelin où l’on me presse fort de vous engager à y venir aujourdhui où il y aura une assemblèe publique et des choses qui pourront vous interesser. Je Serois bien enchanté Si votre santé vous permettoit de ceder à Ces Sollicitations. Vous savez combien Je vous suis passionnément attaché pour la vie
Le Roy
M. Le Dr. Franklin


Title: Wine Cellar Inventory, [1–30 September 1782]
From: L’Air de Lamotte, Jean
To:

[September 1–30, 1782]

Etat du vin au 1er. Sept. 1782

Nombre des Bouteilles
[Total consumed]

Bierre de Paris
{
83
20

18

vin de Champ. mouss.

24

Cidre

138

Eau de Vie d’andaye

24

Vin ordinaire

153.
41

Vin de madere

216½
9

Champ non mouss.

119

Bordeaux rouge

127
11

Vin de Cherry

157

Bierre d’angre.
{
67
4

35

Rum

4

Champe. Couleur de Rose

140

Notation: Wine in Septr. 82


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Charles Grant, Vicomte de Vaux, 2 September 1782
From: Vaux, Charles Grant, vicomte de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
ce 2. 7bre. 1782
Serois-je asses malheureux pour que mes projets, qui m’avoient paru si honestes et faits pour estre goustés par vous, eussent pu vous déplaire, et que vous ne les jugiés pas dignes d’une reponse. J’y serois d’autant plus sensible, monsieur, que j’ay fondé sur cela m’est plus douçes esperançes. J’ay perdu une partië considerable de ma fortune a m’interesser dans les affaires des ameriquains, et j’espere y trouver un dedomagement, surtout des injustices des hommes, ainsi que des moyens d’y travailler librement a faire le bien. Je perdrois cependant tout espoir, si je n’obtients pas vottre appuy. Si vous ne voulés pas monsieur, me repondre par ecrit, voudrés vous bien m’accorder une audience a ce sujet? J’ay l’honeur d’estre avec respect Monsieur vottre tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur
LE VTE. DE VAUX-Grant

Notation: Le Vicomte de Vaux 2. 7bre. 1782.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Matthew Ridley, 2 September 1782
From: Ridley, Matthew
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monday Morning Sept. 2d. 1782.
Mr. Ridley has the honor to present his respects to Mr. Franklin.— The inclosed obligation was Sent Mr Ridley by Mr. Johnson for the purpose of procuring a Letter of Marque for a Vessel at Nantes— As Mr. Johnson is very pressing with Mr. Ridley to forward it, he will think himself obliged to Mr. Franklin if he will Send it to his Apartments so soon as possible.
Mr. Ridley sincerely hopes Mr. Franklin is better than when he had the Honor of Seeing him yesterday.

Mr. R left some Bills of Exchange for acceptance which he would be glad could be forwarded at same time.