Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 9 October 1777
From: Clinton, George
To: Washington, George

New Windsor [N.Y.] 3 Miles from the River 9th Octor 1777
Dear General

I have to inform you that in Consequence of Intelligence received by General Putnam from Genl Parsons (who lay with his Brigade at the White Plains) of the Enemy’s having received a Reinforcement from Europe, at New York, and that by their Movements there was Reason to believe they intended an Attack on Peekskill, and possess themselves of the Passes in the Highlands. The General immediately wrote me these Circumstances: and to prevent if possible, the disagreeable Consequences that might arise if the Army at the different Posts, was not timely reinforced, I ordered that Part of the Militia of this State that had not already marched to the Northward, to move, and Part of them to join General Putnam, and the Remainder to reinforce the Posts of Fort Montgomery and Fort Clinton; but it being a critical Time with the Yeomanry, as they had not yet sown their Grain and there being at

that Time no Appearance of the Enemy, they were extremely restless and uneasy, solicited General Putnam for Leave to return, and many of them went home without his Permission; urged by these Considerations he thought proper to dismiss a Part of them. As I thought it essentially necessary that they should remain in the Field for some Time in Order to check the Progress of the Enemy should they attempt to put their Designs in Execution, I issued another Order, for one half of them immediately to march, Part of them to join General Putnam and a sufficient Number to reinforce the Forts and the Pass at Sydmans Bridge at the Mouth of the Clove; and in Order to induce them to turn out with the greater Alacrity, I thought it necessary to fix their Time of Service to one Month, at the Expiration of which Time they were to be relieved by the other half—While this was in agitation, and before a proper Arrangement could possibly be made by the respective Officers, what Part of them could serve for the first Month, in which they were not so expeditious as was absolutely necessary, as the Event has fully evinced: For a Number of the Enemy’s Ships having made their Appearance on the 3d Inst. in Tarry Town Bay from whence they weighed Anchor the next Day, being joined by several Ships of War and Transports from New York. They proceeded up the River as high as King’s Ferry, and at Daybreak on Sunday the 5th landed a considerable Body of Men on Verplank’s Point. As I was apprehensive from many Circumstances that an Attack on the Forts was intended, I dispatched Major Logan, an alert Officer, who was well acquainted with the Ground on Sunday Evening thro’ the Mountain to reconnoitre and if possible gain Intelligence of the Enemy’s Motions—The Major returned about nine O’Clock on Monday, informing me that from the best Intelligence he could procure, and the rowing of the Boats, he had Reason to believe they had landed a considerable Force on the West Side of the River at King’s Ferry, and between that and Dunderbergh: But as the Morning was foggy it was impossible to discern them as to form any Judgment of their Numbers. As soon as I had obtained this Intelligence I immediately dispatched Lieut. Jackson with a small Party to discover the Enemy’s Movements; But they had not proceeded more than two Miles on the Haverstraw Road when they were attackd by a Party of the Enemy who had formed an Ambuscade at a place called Doodle Town—they immediately retreated after returning the Fire—as soon as the firing was heard I detatched Lieut. Colonel Bruyn with 50 Continental Troops and as many of the Militia under Lieut. Colonel McLaughry to sustain Lieut. Jackson, the Garrison being at that Time so weak we could not afford them greater Aid on that Road, and I imagined it would be necessary to send out a Party likewise on the Road which leads to the Forest of Dean. The Detachments under Colonels

Bruyn and McLaughry were soon engaged, but being too weak to withstand the Enemy’s great Force retreated to Fort Clinton, disputing the Ground Inch by Inch. Their gallant Opposition and the Roughness of the Ground checked the Progress of the Enemy for some Time. While Matters were in this Situation in the Neighbourhood of Fort Clinton, a large Body of the Enemy were advancing on the Road which leads from the Forest of Dean to Fort Montgomery—As I had only one Field Piece at the above Fort, I ordered Colo. Lamb of the Artillery to send it off to an advantagious Post on that Road, with a Covering Party of 60 Men, and another of the same Number to sustain them in Order to give the Enemy a check and retard their Movements ’till I could receive a Reinforcement from Genl Putnam to whom I had sent an Express for that Purpose. This Order being immediately complied with the Piece had hardly reached the Place of its Destination and the Covering party posted on strong Ground, when the Enemy were seen advancing with hasty Strides, but being unexpectedly annoyed by Discharges of Grape Shot from the Field Piece, and a well directed Fire from the Musquetry which made great Havock among them, (as we have since been informed) they were repeatedly driven back ’till filing off thro’ the Woods upon the right and left with a View of surrounding our Men, and the Handful of brave Fellows being alarmed at their critical Situation were constrained to abandon the Field Piece after rendering it useless to the Enemy by spiking it. In Order to cover the Men who were retreating and to check the farther Progress of the Enemy I ordered out a twelve Pounder, which being well served with Grape Shot annoyed them greatly and gave the Men an Opportunity of retreating into the Garrison with very little Loss on our Side, except that of Capt: Lieut: Fenno, who commanded the Field Piece, and was made a Prisoner. This was about two O’Clock P.M. and the Enemy approached the Works and began the Attack, which continued with few Intervals till about five OClock when an Officer appeared with a Flag. I ordered Lt Colo. Livingston to meet him without the Works and know his Business. Colol Livingston having demanded his Rank and Business, he was told by the Bearer of the Flag that he was Lieut. Colol Campble, and that he came to demand a Surrender of the Fort to prevent the Effusion of Blood. Colol Livingston replied he had no authority to treat with him, but if they would surrender themselves Prisoners of War, they might depend on being well treated, and if they did not chuse to accept of those Terms they might renew the Attack as soon as he should return within the Fort, we being determined to defend it to the last Extremity. As soon as Lt Col. Livingston returned the Attack was renewed with great Violence, and after as obstinate a Resistance as our Situation, and the Weakness of the Garrison would admit of, having

defended the Works from two OClock ’till the Dusk of The Evening, the Enemy, by the Superiority of Numbers, forced the Works on all Sides—The Want of Men prevented us from sustaining and supporting every Part, having received no Reinforcement from General Putnam. Our Loss killed, wounded and Prisoners is not so great as might have been expected, when the Strength of the Enemy and our Weakness is properly considered. My Brother Wounded with a Bayonet many Officers and Men, and myself, having the Advantage of the Enemy, by being well acquainted with the Ground, were so fortunate as to effect an Escape under cover of the Night, after the Enemy were possessed of all the Works. I was so happy as to get into a Boat, crossed the River, and immediately waited on General Putnam, with a View of concerting measures for our future Operations, to prevent the Designs of Genl Clinton and impede his Progress in facilitating the Movements of Burgoyne from the Northward. I can assure your Excellency that I am well convinced if Night had not approached rather too fast to correspond with our Wishes the Enemy would have been disappointed in their Expectations, as a Reinforcement of 500 Men from General Putnams Army were at the East Side of the River ready to pass for our Relief when the Works were forced, and many of the Militia in the Mountains on their March to join us, had not the Communication between us and them been cut off.
I have to add that by some Fatality the two Continental Frigates were lost, they having been ordered down by Genl Putnam, for the Defence of the Chain; but being badly manned they could not be got off in Time, though I ordered the Ship Congress to proceed to Fort Constitution the Day before the Attack, lest she should meet with a Disaster and the Ship Montgomery, which lay near the Chain having neither Anchors nor Cables to secure her, it being the Tide of ebb, and the Wind failing, she fell down so near the Chain that Captn Hodge was constrained to set her on Fire to prevent her falling into the Hands of the Enemy, and the Congress unfortunately getting aground on a Flat near Fort Constitution shared the same Fate. And Fort Constitution being destitute of Troops to defend it was evacuated, after bringing off Part of the Stores—I am now about 3 Miles from New Windsor, with Colo. Samuel B. Webb’s Regt of Continental Troops, the Remains of Col. Du Bois’s, and about 100 of Colo. Lamb’s Regiment which escaped from the Fort (with some Militia) and intend to collect what Force I possibly can to oppose the Enemy should they land on this Side the River.
General Sr Henry Clinton commanded in Person. Governor Tryon, Genl Vaughan and two other General Officers were with him. The

Army who attacked us by the lowest Accounts consisted of 4000, chiefly British and Hessian Troops. The Garrison of both our Posts did not exceed 600 Men, and many of these unarmed Militia. The ordinary Garrison was thus reduced by detaching Major Moffat with 200 Men to the Post at Sidman’s Bridge on Colo. Malcom’s Regimt being ordered from thence, and 60 Men on Anthony’s Nose by Genl Putnam’s Orders received the Day before the Action. I have only to add that where great Losses are sustained, how[ev]er unavoidable, public Censure is generally the Consequence to those who are immediately concerned. If in the present Instance this should be the Case I wish so far as relates to the Loss of Fort Montgomery and it’s Dependencies it may fall on me alone; for I would be guilty of the greatest injustice were I not to declare that the Officers and Men under me of the different Corps behaved with the greatest Spirit and Bravery. I am Dear Sir with great Regard your Most Obedt Servt

Geo. Clinton

I have not yet been able to ascertain the Number of Missing on our Side—Part of the Garrison were Militia from whom it is difficult to get Returns—Lieut. Colos. Livingston Bruyn, Majors Logan & Hammill are Prisoners, Colo. Allison Lieut. Coll McClaghry of the Militia & my Brigade Major Lush are missing—I hope my peculiar Situation will be a sufficient Appology for not writing your Excellency sooner especially as I had Genl Putnams Promise to give you an early Acct of this Important Event—I inclose your Excellency a Letter from Genl Sir Henry Clinton to Genl Burgonie which I found on one Danl Taylor—It was inclosed in a small Silver Ball which when taken he swallowed; but a strong Dose of Tartaremettic brought it forth—I have good Authority to assure your Excellency that the Enemy suffered great Loss at Fort Montgomery they had 4 Field Officers & a Young Noble Man a Vollunteer killed & by their own Account above 300 Rank & File.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Persifor Frazer, 9 October 1777
From: Frazer, Persifor
To: Washington, George

sir
State House Philada Octo. 9th 1777

I Wrote to Genl Wayne from Germantown about 2 Weeks ago, mentioning that Major Harper & myself were Prisoners; since our Capture the Number of Officers taken, belonging to the Army, Navy and Militia & now here has increas’d to near Fifty.
Upon our arrival here a Number of Us were admitted on our Parole to continue in the City.
On Tuesday last We were confin’d in the State House under the Main Guard.
His Excellency General Howe, by his Aid du Camp Major Belford, has this day signified to Me the reason of this proceeding, as also some proposals which materially affect every Captive Officer and which We fondly hope if your Excellency should think them consistant may be Adopted, or some other mode attempted that may release Us from our present irksome situation.
The reasons for our confinement are, that should such a Number of Officers be set at Liberty in this place (as there is none other convenient) it might be highly prejudicial to the Kings Intrest; that a Number of Officers in the British service taken lately at Staten Island, have been confin’d in Irons; that others taken prior to those, have been sent to remote parts of the Continent at a great distance from their Connections & some of them imprisoned. Also, that your Excellency has faild in agreeing to an Exchange of Prisoners on just principles.
I have Liberty to mention that it is General Howes earnest desire that a general Exchange of Prisoners may imediately take place on equitable terms; Or otherwise, that the Officers that are Prisoners of War on both sides shou’d be releas’d & have Liberty to go to any place in possession of their Friends on their Paroles—I have in as concise a manner as I can given your Excelly, the substance of what Sir William Howe, thought proper to communicate to me this day by Major Belford—We would not presume to give our sentiments on these matters; fully relying on your Excellency’s disposition to do every thing just and reasonable for our relief.
I must mention that those Officers who were Sick were permitted to

go to their Lodgings in Town—We would beg leave to mention that our situation is render’d more disagreable by a want of hard Cash, We think an attention to this matter highly Necessary to render our Captivity tolerable. I am your Excellency’s most Obedt Servant

Persifor Frazer


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 9 October 1777
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
York Town: Pennsylvania October 9th 1777.

The absolute Necessity of cutting off all Supplies and Intelligence from the Enemy in and near the City of Philada and thereby preventing any Intercourse between them and the disaffected in the State of Pennsylvania and elsewhere, has induced the Congress to adopt the enclosed Resolves, in Hopes, if possible to put an effectual Stop to a Practice so extremely dangerous to the Cause of America. They have, for this End, authorized you to sentence by Court Martial any Person convicted of either of the above mentioned Offences, or of acting as a Guide or Pilot, to suffer Death or such other Punishment as may be thought adequate, provided he is taken within thirty Miles of any Town in Pennsylvania Jersey or Delaware that is in Possession of the Enemy. They have also recommended to the good People of this, & the other States, to be vigilant in apprehending and securing all such Persons as may be caught in the Violation of the enclosed Resolves, to which I beg Leave to refer your Attention.
Your Favour of the 5th Inst. was duely received and immediately laid before Congress. I have the Honour to be, with the greatest Respect Sir, your most obedt & very hble Servt

John Hancock Presidt


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 9 October 1777
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
York Town: Pennsylvania October 9th 1777.

It is with the highest Pleasure I comply with the Order of Congress in conveying to you the enclosed Resolve expressing the Thanks of that Body to you for the wise and well concerted Attack upon the Enemy near Germantown on the 4th Inst: and also to the Officers and Soldiers for their brave Exertions on that Occasion: And I must request you will communicate to them, this distinguished Mark of the Approbation of their Country.
It is indeed true “that the best Designs and boldest Efforts may sometimes fail of Success thro’ unforeseen Incidents,” yet is it a Source of Satisfaction to reflect in such Instances, that every Thing has been done to ensure Success that Human Wisdom could devise. Something must still be left to Fortune. It is not in Mortals to command Success—But permit me to say, Sir, you have done more on this Occasion—you have deserved it.
Wishing with the utmost Sincerity that your great & virtuous Exertions

in the Cause of Freedom & your Country may be crowned with Victory, I have the Honour to be, with perfect Esteem & Respect Sir your most obed. & very hble Servt

John Hancock Presidt


Title: To George Washington from Captain Henry Lee, Jr., 9 October 1777
From: Lee, Henry Jr.
To: Washington, George

Sir
Limekill-road [Pa.] Octr 9th [1777] P.M.

According to your Excellencys instructions, Capt. Craig has joined me. We have concerted such a plan of conduct as seems most probable to answer the ends proposed by your Excellency. From the intelligence received from various persons, of various characters we find, that the enemy have made no material alteration in their disposition since the engagement. Their picquets possess exactly their former ground. They have large patroles of horse & foot out daily. Their hours of patrole seems generally to be from two in the morning to eight. We were yesterday informed by a peasant that they had drawn their force nearer German-town, this intelligence wants confirmation. Tomorrow we expect to know more about it.
It is I beleive a certainty, that the enemy are scarce of ammunition. This information comes to us different ways: it is a constant topic of conversation among the soldiery of both Nations. The Torys are alarmed on the same head. They say that if the ships do not get up shortly & another engagemt should take place, their ruin is inevitable.
There is but one thing that renders this tale improbable, viz. the communication

between Philada & Chester uninterrupted. If the enemy are in want, they most certainly will try to obtain a supply that way.
They are busily engaged in throwing up batteries on every height around the city.
Your Excellency may be assured that the enemy suffered much more, than was expected, on the 4th inst. Their wounded were brought into the city & laid on straw, strewed in the different streets for that purpose. The most sanguine friends to government gave over all for lost. Consternation & confusion was universal throughout the army & city. The soldiers threw away their guns knap-sacks &c. in the flight, their artillery ran in on each other. Ruin appeared to be their inevitable lot; Chester was the word, & the shipping their only source of hope.
The enemys pride is lowered, their own fears alarm their camp every night; they certainly must fall an easier sacrifice on another trial.
About two Oclock this morning a heavy cannonade commenced down the river. It continued incessantly till nine. I judge from the firing our fort proved victorious. It is said that one of the enemys frigates ran in on the Cheaveaux de frize, where it was soon made a wreck of by our cannon from the fort.
Will your Excellency please transmit by return of the dragoon, the head of such intelligence he wishs to receive. A son of John Clings Vendue master yesterday got out of the city. He is with the city militia in Camp. He is, I am told, very shrewd & intelligent. With most profound respect Your Excellys Obt Servt

Heny Lee, Jr

N.B. We are s⟨mutilated⟩ that our own surety oblige us to mention to your Excellency, our apprehensions concerning the fidelity of the dragoon under Capt. Craig. As the safety of the detachmt consists totally in secrecy, one deserter may infallibly be the means of the captivity of the whole.

H.L.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General James Potter, 9 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Potter, James

Dear sir
Head quarters at Frederick Wampoole’s [Pa.] Octr 9th 1777

A person of the Name of Patterson (an Inhabitant of Wilmington) can give you a particular Account of the Situation Strength &ca of the Enemy at that place; from whence you may judge of the practicability of attempting something by way of Surprize (if your numbers are adequate) upon the Garrison. After having made every necessary enquiry proper for an Enterprize of this kind let me know the result by an Officer, & whether the undertaking is feasible, with or without, a little Aid from hence.
Your Enquiries into these matters should be made with much Circumspection, to avoid giving Alarm—And your Manouvres should be towards the Enemy, and retrograde occasionally, to lull them into security, unless your own strength is sufficient to effect the work, in that Case the rapidity of the attempt may perhaps contribute to the Success of it.
You will readily perceive that nothing herein is positive, but altogether discretionary; to be undertaken or not as Circumstances & Information shall warrant If a Successfull Blow could be aimed at Willmington, very happy consequences would result from it, besides possessing ourselves of the wounded which now are there, for the purpose of exchanging for such Prisoners of ours as are in the Enemy’s hands—but in the Midst of this, it is not to be forgotten, that one great Object of your Expedition is to deprive the Enemy of Supplies from Chester county, & to interrupt their Convoys from Chester Town, Wilmington &ca, whilst our Defence upon the River obliges them to have recourse to a transportation of Necessaries by land from their Shipping—Watch the communication between Philada & the Enemy’s Shipping well, & let me hear from you frequently, especially on the Subject of the proposed Expedition—Patterson can point out others to you (Inhabitants of Wilmington) who he thinks would give every Aid in their power; but then, danger may attend the Communication of the Scheme to too many—If an Idea was thrown out, that the Corps you command was the Eastern shore Militia returning, it might possibly remove a Suspicion of the real design, if it should be found practicable to make an attempt upon the Enemy at Wilmington with your troops alone. I am Dear Sir you mo. Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Smith, 9 October 1777
From: Smith, Samuel
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fort Mifflin [Pa.] 9th October 1777

I Receiv’d your Excellencys Letter of the 7th and have read it to the Officers of the Navy which assists not a little to keep up their Spirits. Yesterday a large Scow was brought down the Schuylkil which we secur’d, after wounding One of their Men. Our Intelligence informs that Six Boats were ready to come down from the lower ferry and in the evening we heard that a large Body with 20 ps. of Artillery and Boats on Carriages from the City were marching down to Webbs ferry, in consequence of these Accounts the Commodore sent some arm’d Boats & Gundolas in the mouth of the Schuylkil, who discovered the enemy at work along the bank. The Boats kept up a fire on them all night, in the morning they opened a small Battery and fir’d briskly for Some time. The Commodore intends attacking them at high Water and try if possible to silence them. They will answer two purposes by erecting Batteries so as to keep the Gallies out of Schuylkil, One, that in case your Excellency defeats them they may have a safer retreat by Webbs ferry on a bridge of boats than any other, or they may bring over their Artillery and annoy us much in the fort, indeed it will be impossible for us to live in it, I shall in that case be oblig’d to cover my men, & shou’d they keep up their fire at night it will oblige us to sleep in the open Air, which will soon destroy my small party, I have already Sent away 6 Men and one Officer Sick, and this day shall send off 12 Men & 2 officers Sick. besides this we have 7 More in Garrison unfit for duty, however if they keep their men in the Marshes two or three Days, they must in this weather become equally sickly. From the Number of the Enemy we saw on the Shore, I am of Opinion they have at least 750 Men, perhaps 1000 with them. I have now 200 Effective Men in Garrison. The Number of wounded in last Saturdays engagement, by every Account we can get from the City exceed 1200. I have the honor to be your Excellencys Most Obedt Hum. Servt

Sam Smith


Title: To George Washington from Major General Adam Stephen, 9 October 1777
From: Stephen, Adam
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Camp at Lower Sulford, [Pa.], October 9th 1777

I understand that Many Officers of My Division are highly disobligd at my Saying the troops which I commanded in An Attack on Saturday last the 4th Inst., fled from Victory; by which Expression I by no means intended to Charge them with Cowardice, many of them I know to be of Experiencd Bravery. But in order to do justice to these Officers as well as my Self, I am obligd to intreat your Excellencys patience to hear the Circumstances of the Action as far as I was Concernd, on that Occasion—The two Divisions formd the Line of Battle at a great distance from the Enemy; and Marching far through Marshes, Woods & strong fences; ⟨illegible⟩; before we came up with the Enemy.
The first party of them that we discoverd was to our left; against them I detachd Col. Mathews, who was nearest to me & advancing wt. Spirit; to Support him I orderd Major Dark with part of the Eight Regiment, Sent an Aid de Camp with him, & Charged him to Attack the Enemy in the Rear if possible.
I have been informd by My Aid de Camp that our troops behavd gallantly & drove the Enemy after a hot Rencounter.
About this time a Body of the Enemy Appeard in front of the Right of Genl Greens Division, & left of Mine. I lead them on to the Attack—They advancd with great Chearfulness, and the Enemy were drove Back with their Artillery; Upon this, a Reinforcement to the Enemy came in Sight on their left; When I sent Mr Black who acted as Aid de Camp, to order up a Body of troops unemployd on my Right; to Attack the Reinforcement; They moved towards the Enemy, I understand it was Col. Spencer wt. his Rgt that Movd & Patton’s and Upon Seeing them Advance, the troop formerly engagd, pushd the Enemy so Closely, that I calld to them “give them the Bayonet[”]—Upon hearing this, The Enemy Officers on horse back rode to their Rear out of Sight; Many of their Men running After them; whilst a party Run towards Our troop crying Quarters. At this flattering Juncture a large Corps dressd in blue, mistaking the Enemy who had Surrenderd, for a party coming up to Charge them as I suppose—Took the Start—I hollowerd from the front that they were running from Victory, & hastend to them, to Stop them but to No purpose.
Col. Lewis, & Col. Russel of Genl Greens Division Col. Wood wt. his Regiment & Major Campbell of the Right of My Division behavd Gallantly during the Action.

Col. Lewis & Col. Wood kept the field with their Regiments untill they were Orderd to Retire; when the Enemy were advancing agt them on All Quarters.
Sevaral Other Officers may have distinguishd themselves Who Escapd my Notice in the heat of Action.
I am Compelld to inform your Excellency, that General Scot has been an incumbrance to Me for Some time.
When we reced Orders to March the Division agt the Enemy at Brimingham Meeting house, Your Excellency receiving different Intelligence orderd us to halt, in Consequence of this Order We halted about two hours, when I had the first Intelligence Confirmd, by Some Light horse from the forks of Brandywine; Upon which I orderd the Division to March to fullfill your Excellencys Intention, Genl Scot was agt Marching Untill Orders Came from the Commander in Chief.
When we Came to the ground the Line was formd According to the Sentiments of the Genl Officers, Genl Scots Brigade on most Advantageous ground, most of them Entrenchd to the Chin in the Ditch of a fence Opposite to the Center of the Enemy—I then Detachd Lt Col. Nevell wt. 100 of the 12th V. R. to the Skirts of a Cornfield to Skirmish wt. the Enemy—And rode towards the Right to enquire if Col. Marshal was detachd wt. the 3d V. R. to a Wood, on the Enemys Right as I intended—When to my great Surprise I found Genl Scot marching off his Brigade from that Advantageous position without my Orders or knowledge, & when the Action had begun.
It took a long time to form them in tolerable Order, as the Enemy were firing upon them; & I am Confident by this unseasonable Manœuvre the Enemy escapd Considerable Loss, & it Shortend our Stand.
On the 16th of September when drawn up in order of Battle; waiting your Excellencys Orders—Genl Scot Movd off with his Brigade without my knowledge tho’ present with the other Brigade.
I had great inclination to let all these things pass, hoping that the least Reflexion would have brought him to Alter his Conduct; but besides Aspersing me to your Excellency; he goes through the Division alienating the Affection of the Officers; & breeding bad blood.
Whereever my Conduct is Suspected, I would be Obligd to your Excellency to order a Speedy & Strict Scrutiny.
I was happy in the Affection & Confidence of the Pennsylvania, Jersey & Other troops that I commanded in the Winter, & I flatter my Self that I have given no just Cause to the Gentlemen I have now the honour to Command to find fault wt. my Conduct. I have the honour to be With great Respect your Excellencys Most Obt hube Ser.

Adam Stephen


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, 9 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Varnum, James Mitchell

Sir
Head Qrs at Frederick Wampols 9 Octr 1777.

I received your Letter early this Morning by the return of the Express. Since the Order given for the march of Colo. Green’s & Angels Regiments some circumstances have cast up, which from appearances, make so large a number of Continental Troops at Red Bank unnecessary, I therefore desire that you will on receipt of this, send the express to Colo. Angel to return immediately with his Regiment, and to join this Army, as soon as he can. I am much surprized to find the Troops were on the Road to Coriels ferry, and only ten Miles from it, after I had pointed out the proper Rout in the most plain & direct terms. You will write Colo. Greene on the subject, and order him to pursue the

way mentioned in his Instructions. He will loose no Time in getting to Red Bank with his Regiment. My Intention was, that you and Genl Huntingdon should join me this Morning with the Remainder of the Troops, & so I thought I expressed myself. You are to do it. I am Sir Yr Most Obedt Sert

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Christopher Greene, 10 October 1777
From: Greene, Christopher
To: Washington, George

May it please your Excellency
Bristol [Pa.] 10th October 1777

In compliance with your Excellencys Order recd By Express I have Directed Colonel Angell with his Regiment to join Genl Varnums Brigade with all possible dispach, my Regiment is now Crossing the Ferry I hope to reach the place Assign’d Tomorrow eveng Shall do all in my power to expedite the march. I am with the Greatest Respect Yr Excellency’s Most Obt Humble Servt

C. Greene


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 10–11 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
Camp 26 Miles from Philadelphia Octob. 10th[–11] 1777.

On Wednesday Evening, I received the honor of your Letter of the 7th with its several Inclosures.
The providing of suitable Quarters for the Troops during the Winter, demands our Attention; but I confess, it is difficult to say, where they will be. Sundry circumstances may occur in the course of the Campaign, to render any Provision, which might now be thought of altogether improper.
In respect to Genl Putnams Letter, though the Accounts transmitted by Colo. Hawks Hay indicate, that the Enemy had some attack in contemplation, yet I cannot but think, the Force the General mentions to have been at New York was greatly exaggerated. The highest number of the Reinforcements, said to have arrived, is three Thousand, and these are mentioned to be half boys—Other Reports make it much less, and some as low as five or six Hundred. However, be it what it may, It is not in my power to grant him aid. Had the Reinforcement arrived before the Troops marched from pecks Kill, so many might not have been ordered from thence—but the case was otherwise or at least, I was not apprized of their arrival, and the Detachments from thence were directed by the advice of my Genl Officers, who had under consideration, the state of the whole force at that post and its dependencies

according to General return. At the same time, I urged Genl Putnam to call in all his Out posts, and to write in pressing terms to Governor Trumbull, to assist him with some Militia. I have not heard a Single syllable more of the Troops or Fleet mentioned by Colo. Hawks Hay, except a vague report to day, that a number, supposed to be about Fifteen Hundred, had landed on this side the River at Haverstraw. If the fact is so, it is probable, they mean to pass through the Clove, and invest the Forts. I have great confidence, in the activity and bravery of Governor Clinton, and I trust, if such is their view, they will meet at least with a spirited, if not a Successful opposition. I have sent up Lt Colo. Radiere, One of the Engineers, with orders to direct such Other Works as may appear necessary.
There was a very severe Cannonade on Wednesday Night. It began about 12 OClock and continued till Yesterday morning between 7 & 8. I have not learnt the occasion, but from the direction, suppose it was at Fort Mifflin, or an Engagement between our armed Vessels and the Enemy’s Ships, which probably were making a second attempt against the Chevaux de frizes—I have determined to maintain the post at Red Bank, if it can be done, and have detached Colo. Greene there with his Regiment of Rhode Island Troops, consisting of about Two Hundred & Twelve Effective privates. I have also written to Genl Newcomb of Jersey, pressing him to give all the aid he can from the Militia.
Since my Letter of the 7th, we have been joined by more of the Virginia Militia. The whole number now in Camp amounts to about 1100. Many of their Arms are indifferent, and almost the whole are destitute of pouches and Other necessary Accoutrements.
On Sunday the Enemy evacuated Billingsport. They left all our Cannon, but burnt the platforms and Carriages.
Inclosed you will receive a Letter addressed to me by Colo. portail. Congress will judge of the Contents, and decide upon them, as they may think they merit.
The Military Chest is nearly exhausted, not having more than Ten thousand Dollars in It, and a large part of the Army is to pay for the Month of August—Besides these claims, large sums are wanted by the Quarter Master General and for other purposes. Congress I hope will order such immediate Supply to be forwarded to the pay Master Genl, as shall be in their power.
Octob. 11th: I wish to know what Stores of Lead we have and what expectations of further Supplies. I am rather uneasy on this head, as I have not been able to obtain satisfaction on some inquiries within the course of a few days.
The Cannonade mentioned above, was between our Gallies and a Detachment of the Enemy, who were attempting to throw up a Battery at

Webbs or the lowest ferry on Schuylkill. It has been repeated this morning. Their design in erecting this Battery probably is, to cover their passage to province Island, from whence, by occupying the Grounds about the Pest Houses, they may expect to annoy Fort Mifflin.
Our distress for want of Shoes & stockings is amazingly great—particularly for want of the former. On this account we have a great many Men, who cannot do duty and several detained at the Hospitals for no other cause. I must request Congress to continue their exertions to releive us, and to direct every supply of these and other necessaries to be forwarded as soon as they possibly can after they are collected. It will be proper to send ’em on, as fast as they can be procured, without waiting to make up a considerable quantity to be brought at one time.
I was this morning honored with your Favors of the 9th, and their several Inclosures. I feel in the most sensible manner, the Honourable approbation, Congress have been pleased to give of my conduct and that of the Army under my command in the Action on the 4th Instant. Nor am I less indebted to you, Sir, for the polite mode, in which you have conveyed their Sentiments. I shall communicate the Resolve upon the Subject to the Army, and hope, if a favourable Opportunity offers, under the Smiles of providence, they will merit by more substantial services the further applause of their Country.
The Resolution of the 8th for preventing Supplies and intelligence being carried to the Enemy appears to me to be a salutary One, and I hope it will be attended with the most beneficial consequences. That it may be known among the Inhabitants, who are in this Neighbourhood, and who have been guilty of such practices, I would wish to receive Several printed Copies, that they may be disturbed in proper places. I have the Honor to be with great respect Sir your Most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington

P.S. I have just now received a Line from the pay Mr Genl on the Subject of Money, which I inclose.


Title: To George Washington from Commodore John Hazelwood, 10 October 1777
From: Hazelwood, John
To: Washington, George

Fort Island [Pa.]October 10th 1777
May it please Your Excellency

I Received Your Excellencys Letter of the 7th of October & note the Contents, & shall give Your Officer every assistance in my power & furnish him with every kind of Ammunition & other Stores he may want—We are now carrying over the Cannon & Stores for him, & you may depend nothing shall be wanting that’s in my power to do for him, & I make no doubt but we shall be able to hold this pass against any force they can bring against it—We have been deserted by two Captains, their Officers & whole Crews & a number of Privates in many of the Vessels in the Fleet yet with what we have got I hope to support the Pass notwithstanding.

After the loss of Billinsport, the Commander in Chief of the Fleet sent me a Flag to surrender up the Fleet & not to destroy any part of it, & that it was in vain to pretend to hold out against such a force as was against us & that we soon should have no retreat & now we should have the Kings pardon & not only that but our liberty also—I sent him for answer, That I well know the valour & bravery of their Navy & Army, & that I should endeavour to gain their esteem by a glorious defence tho’ we had their enmity & desired them to desist in sending any more on any such errands, for that I would defend this River & Pass to the last extremity & that I expected a much larger force to encounter with than he has brought—They have moved one of the Chevaux de Frieze a little out of its place, but not so as to make a pass, & I have an old Ship Ballasted to sink this day near it that will stop that little vacancy again. We annoy’d them so much with the Galleys, that they could do but little with them without too much risk. I have drove five of their Ships from Chester, with four Galleys & one fire Raft, & had they not run off would destroy’d them all, & since that have drove four of them, with the Galleys from their Stations off Billinsport, but they have since return’d with four more, & as we are not well stocked with Ammunition, we suffer them to lay within sight of us for the present, as they can do us no harm where they now lay, & we fear nothing here but want of Ammunition, Provisions & desertion of our Men, otherwise should be quite easy. Having not to add, am Your Excellencys Most obedt & very Hble Servt

John Hazelwood

P.S. Inclos’d is a Copy of Orders given to Chas Alexander Esqr. of the Delaware Frigate, which I am sorry was not complied with.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas McKean, 10 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: McKean, Thomas

Sir
Skippack Camp [Pa.] 10th October 1777

I have the honor of yours of the 8th from Newark and most sincerely wish that your exertions to rouse the inhabitants of the Delaware State had been attended with better success. They certainly labour under very peculiar difficulties—the enemy in possession of their Capital—a vast number of disaffected—and the continental Army at present at too great a distance to support them. The latter is a circumstance that cannot just now be helped, for as you yourself very judiciously observe, that detaching part of our force may perhaps occasion the loss of a Battle, which might endanger the liberties of the Continent.
I have sent Genl Potter with a Brigade of Pennsylvan[i]a Militia to

stop the intercourse between Chester County and Philada and to endeavour to intercept Convoys going between Chester and Philadelphia. If I could spare the force, I would fain aim a blow at Wilmington, which I think would prove an easy conquest. If you think you could engage three or four hundred or more of the Militia of your State to assemble at a concerted time at certain places within reach of Wilmington; I should be strongly induced to send as many continental Troops as would be sufficient to lead them on, and to accomplish the Business. But this must be managed with secrecy and address to prevent the least suspicion. I beg you will think seriously of this matter, and let me know whether you have any prospect of success in getting your people together.
I fancy the accounts given to you by the Quakers are pretty near the truth, as they are confirmed by variety of others thro’ different Channels. If the uncommon fogginess of the morning and the smoke had not hindered us from seeing our advantage, I am convinced it would have ended in a compleat Victory. But we must not repine, on the contrary rejoice that we have given a severe blow to our Enemies and that our Ranks are as full or rather fuller than they were before the Engagement. I am with Respect Sir Yr most obt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Israel Putnam, 10 October 1777
From: Putnam, Israel
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Fish Kill [N.Y.] 10th October 1777

Since I wrote you of the 8th Inst. Nothing Perticular [h]as happend in this Quarter, Only that the Enemy yesterday Morning with about 2500 Men took Possesion of Fort Constitution, the[y] have also Destroyed Our Store Houses &c. at the Continental Village Peeks kill, but I have the Pleasure to Accquaint your Excellency that the Stores from thence were removed except a few Barrells Flour & Bread, The Enemys Shipping &c. are got up to the Cheveaux De frizes, but the Wind being Contrary to their Desire, I Apprehend has Prevented them from Moving up so expeditiously has they Intended. I am Dr Genl Your Very Hble Svt

Israel Putnam


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Smith, 10 October 1777
From: Smith, Samuel
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fort Mifflin [Pa.] Oct. 10th 1777 5 OClock

The Enemy have just crossed & are crossing in very considerable numbers to Province Island already they have begun to throw up Works & tomorrow morning I suppose will open on us which will oblige me to withdraw my men out of the Fort & Cover them the best in my power, they have about 20 Boats & if the Number we have seen on the opposite Shore are to cross there must at least be 800 or 1000, If they bombard the Fort at Night I shall not be able to live here long, the natural unhealthiness of the Station added to the night air, Sleeping without cover will very soon send all my people to the Hospitals, Yesterday I could not send off the sick & instead of 12 twenty of my small party must go to the Hospitals, besides many Convales-cents, We are now Cannonading them from our Block houses which will do but little execution, the Floating Batteries are firing on them but all will not hinder them from throwing up their works. I have the honor to be Your Excellency’s M. O. S.

S. Smith


Title: General Orders, 11 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, Towamensing [Pa.] October 11th 1777
Andover.Bedford. Concord.

The Court of enquiry of which Lord Stirling is president, now sitting at the president’s quarters, is to inquire into the charge against Brigadier General Wayne—viz: “That he had timely notice of the enemy’s intention to attack the troops under his command on the night of the 20th Ult: and notwithstanding that intelligence, he neglected making a disposition until it was too late either to annoy the enemy, or make a retreat without the utmost danger and confusion”—The president will give notice of the time when the court can enter on the enquiry; when the parties and witnesses are to attend.
Twice a week (Wednesdays and Saturdays) the officers of each company are carefully to inspect the arms, ammunition and accoutrements of their men, to see that they are in perfect order and that nothing is wanting. At the first inspection they are to take an exact account of

every article belonging to each man; and if afterwards any be missing, they are immediately to report the same to the officer commanding their regiment, that the matter may be enquired into, if he judges it proper, by a regimental court martial, and the delinquent punished if deserving it, and charged with the articles lost, to be deducted from his wages.
The militia from the Counties of Prince William, Culpepper, Loudoun, and Berkley, in the State of Virginia are to be formed into a brigade, and to be under the command of Col. William Crawford. The Qr Mr General and Commissary General are to appoint persons therein, to do the duties of their respective departments.
All the troops that came from Peek’s-kill under the command of Generals McDougall, Varnum and Huntington—(Malcom’s regiment excepted) are to be thrown into two brigades, in such manner as those Gentlemen shall think best; a report of which is to be made to the Commander in Chief for his further order.
Col. Malcom’s regiment is to join General Conway’s brigade.
Twelve light-horse with an officer are to mount guard every day with the picquets and be disposed of at the different picquets for the purpose of conveying early intelligence in such a way as the Major General of the day shall direct.
The commanding officers of all those companies which were raised as part of the sixteen additional battalions, and at different times annexed to other regiments, are to make immediate returns, to the Adjutant General, of their strength, and in what regiments they are now doing duty.
The Commander in Chief has the pleasure to inform the army, that Congress have, in a unanimous resolve, expressed their thanks to the officers and men concerned in the attack, on the enemy near Germantown on the 4th instant, for their brave exertions on that occasion; and hopes the approbation of that honorable body, will stimulate them to still nobler efforts on every future occasion.
Captain Paul Parker, of Col. Hartley’s regiment, is appointed to do the duty of Brigade Major, in General Wayne’s brigade, ’till further orders, and is to be respected and obeyed as such.
All firing of guns is absolutely forbidden, without licence first obtained, from the Major General of the day—and the instant a gun is fired, a serjeant and file of men shall be sent, to catch the villain, who is thus wasting ammunition, and alarming the camp. All officers are strictly required to see this order put in execution.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General David Forman, 11 October 1777
From: Forman, David
To: Washington, George

Sir
Freehold [N.J.] 11th Octor 1777.

Agreeable to my engagement of your Excellency, I immediately waited on the legislative Body of this State for an Order to call out the Militia to reinforce your Excellency’s Army. I procured an Order from the Assembly for two Thousand men to be ordered from this State, and was so happy as to meet with the Concurrence of the Governor & Council.
A Copy of the Order from the Governor I herewith inclose. When I came to enquire into the State of the Militia I found nothing had yet been done towards classing them. I immediately set down and issued Orders for classing & drawing them out varying the time of assembling the different Regts to their local Situations. a copy of my Order your Excellency has herewith. the Militia not being classed necessarily prolonged the time given them to assemble and the Extent of the different Counties from which they are to be drawn made it necessary for me to appoint the Cross Roads in Bucks County Pensylvania for their place of general Rendezvous—Your Excellency will observe the No. called for two thousand; neither the Legislative Body or myself expect that so many will march, the Number was enlarged to (if possible) insure the Number called for in your Excellency’s Order.
On the twenty first of this Inst. I expect to be prepared to march from the Cross Roads for your Excellency’s Army, unless a counter Order should prevent.

My anxiety at this critical time induces me to beg it as a favor that one of your Excellency’s Family will favor me with as many of the particulars of the Action of the 4th as have come to your Excellency’s knowledge, and are proper to be communicated. I have the Honor to be Your Excelly most Obedt Humb. Servt

David Forman


Title: From George Washington to Commodore John Hazelwood, 11 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Hazelwood, John

Sir
Skippack Camp [Pa.] Octo. 11th 1777

Colo. Smith informs me that the Enemy have been raising Batteries near the Landing place at Webbs Ferry with an intent to cover their passage over to Provinc Island. If the Battery is erected upon the Meadow or upon the Wharf it may be much injur’d or the approach to it from the City renderd very difficult by cutting the Meadow Banks in five or six places from the mouth of Schuylkill up to the Mouth of Hollanders Creek and laying the whole County under Water. If the Dyke that dams out Hollanders Creek was likewise cut it wou’d contribute much to raise the water. this should be done in the night, and when it is once effected the Gallies might keep any persons from repairing the breeches. I beg this may be done as speedily as possible and with secrecy. As the security of the Fleet and the obstructions depends upon keeping possession of Fort Mifflin & Red Bank, I hope you will

cooperate with the Gentlemen in the Land service & endeavour to make use of evr’y mean to effect so salutary a measure. I am Sr your most Obet Serv.

G.W.

P.S. was any thing ever done towards destroying the Hay upon the Meadows below Philadelphia I think I recommended it to you by Colo. Smith when he went down.


Title: To George Washington from Richard Henry Lee, 11 October 1777 [letter not found]
From: Lee, Richard Henry
To: Washington, George

 Letter not found: from Richard Henry Lee, 11 Oct. 1777. GW wrote Lee on 16 Oct.: “Your favour of the 5th Inst. as also that of the 11th by Baron Kalb, are both to hand.”


Title: From George Washington to John Page, 11 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Page, John

Dr Sir
Head Qrs 26 Miles from Philadelphia Octor 11: 1777.

Your favor of the 27th I received yesterday Afternoon. In respect to public matters, I wrote you on the 2d Instant, and referred you to my Letter of a prior date to Genl Nelson. I have now to inform you, that on the Morning of the 4th we made a general Attack upon the Enemy, who lay encamped in and near German Town. The Action lasted Two Hours & Forty Minutes, during which, we drove them several times, and every appearance promised a favourable, & a happy day. It is with pain, I am constrained to add, that after this, and at a moment when Victory was ready to decide in our favor Our Troops retreated & left the Feild, which they had gained by a brave & spirited conduct, without being forced to the measure by the Enemy’s Arms. I can only assign one reason for their retreat. Unfortunately, the day was overcast by a dark & heavy fog, which prevented our Columns from discovering each Others movements, and from improving the advantages, which they had separately obtained. Had it not been for this circumstance, I am fully persuaded, the Enemy would have sustained a total defeat. Our loss, upon the occasion, was pretty considerable, having had several Officers & Men killed & wounded, and Others taken, who by means of the Fog were separated from the Columns to which they belonged. Genl Nash of North Carolina was among the wounded and died since. I cannot ascertain the Enemy’s loss—but the concurring Accounts of persons, who have left philadelphia since the action and those of Deserters make it very great—from Fifteen to Two Thousand five Hundred. From every information Genl Agnew was slain & it is the common report, that Two other Genl officers were wounded—one mortally. Our Troops are in good spirits, and I hope on a future occasion we shall be more fortunate.
Capn Rowland is now here—He is to make some Experiments to day on the subject you mention, and I shall be ready to pay him every attention his ingenuity may merit. I am Dr Sir with great esteem & respect Yr Most Obedt servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Smith, 11 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Smith, Samuel

Sir
Skippack Camp [Pa.] 11th Octor 1777

I rec’d yours of the 19th informing of the occasion of the late firing. I imagine the Enemy still persist in their attempt as the firing has continued by intervals ever since. As the rear of the Fort is only defended by a picket work, I think you ought to lose no time in throwing up a Bank against the picket which wou’d strengthen it and make it defensible against shot. If some blinds were thrown up within the Area of the Fort they wou’d be a security against Shells of which I think you are in more danger than from Shot. you seem apprehensive if the Enemy possess province Island, that your Men must quit their Barracks in that case you should think of finding out some more secure place of Sheltering them. I cannot at present think of any place better than between the East face of the stone Fort and the lower Battery, they will at least

be safe there untill an attack begins from the water. I desir’d Capt. Blewer who went from hence yesterday, to caution the Commodore against an unnecessary expenditure of ammunition and beg that you woud also be careful in that point, for should the Enemy cut off your intercourse with us, you will find the want of it. I am Sir your most Obet Servt

G. W——n

P.S. Should the Enemy get Possession of the Ground near the Pest Houses what effect wou’d their fire have upon Shipping? If this ground would be advantageous to us do you think part of your Garrison, part of that intended for Red Bank, and some Militia from Jersey could possess & defend it? It is my wish that Colo. Green & you in concert with the Gentn of the Navy, would turn your attention to every place which will contribute to the defence of the Water obstructions, & if it is in my Power to afford assistance, I will do it.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Smith, 11 October 1777
From: Smith, Samuel
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fort Mifflin [Pa.] 11th Oct. 1777

Last Night the Enemy threw up a Battery in the rear of the Fort close to the Banks of the Meadow within Musket shot of us & had already got one piece of Artillery in it. We attacked it with the Floating Batteries[,] Block houses, Gallies, & 32 Pounder from the Battery & in short time obliged them to hoist the white Flag, as We were bringing off the prisoners another party ran down which the Officers on Shore expected were also going to surrender, I saw their Officer encouraging the men to come on & there did not seem to me to be any appearance of that intent, I fired two Shot on them & ceased on being told they would surrender, however they took possession of their Battery & refused to deliver up the piece of Artillery & Capt. Black with 12 men who had not got off. notwithstanding they had surrenderd themselves prisoners & the party who rescued them came down under the sanction of the Flag then Flying, I conceive your Excelly has a right to demand them, or to charge them to Genl Howe.
We opened a heavy fire on them from all quarters, they have yet obstinately refused to surrender, We shall give them another attack & try if possible to drive them out. I am erecting a Battery of two guns to oppose to theirs & hope if they will give me assistance from Red Bank to keep them at least from taking possession of the Island.
The party we secured consists of one Lieut. one Ensign & 56 Sergts

& Privates, which are sent to Trenton, they belong to 6 or 7 different Regiments, from which I conclude the Party set apart for the reduction of this Garrison is pretty large, I have been able to get very little intelligence from the City, they have thrown Bridges over the causeways & are filling up the Banks of the Schuylkilns, they will lead us a disagreable Life. I have the honor to be your Excellys M. O. S.

S. Smith


Title: To George Washington from Commodore John Hazelwood, 12 October 1777
From: Hazelwood, John
To: Washington, George

Ship Montgomery October 12th 1777

I received your Excellencys just now, but to comply with your desire at present is impossible, as the Enimy have one Battery at the Mouth of Schuylkill and another at or near Hollenders Creek, and large parties of Men station’d in different parts above and below Webbs Ferry. Also one redoubt opposite to Fort Mifflin, which was attack’d this Morning by landing a number of Men, and the Galleys covering them and firing on the redoubt, but the Enimy appear’d so much superior in number to us that our people were oblig’d to return after having two Men killed and five Wounded. Our Fleet is so reduc’d by Desertion that four of the Galleys have not Men enough to Man One, and if I should land a number of those on board the other Galleys I can have no dependence on their return. Your Excellency may depend I will do every thing in my power to distress and annoy the Enimy, and join most heartily in any measures with the Gentlemen of the Land Army and give them every assistance in my power and am Sir Your Most Obedient Humble Servant

John Hazelwood

P.S. If your Excellency could furnish me with One hundred and fifty Men acquainted with the water, it would enable me to support the pass effectifely.


Title: To George Washington from William Livingston, 12 October 1777
From: Livingston, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
Princeton [N.J.] 12 Ocr 1777

The Assembly could not be prevailed upon to agree to more than 1000 Men to be raised for reinforcing General Putnam, unless I take some of those to be called out by General Forman to join the Army under your Excellency’s command; which I suppose would not be adviseable.
The Council of Safety will quit this place to morrow for Quaker Town (a most ominous Appellation!) whither your Excellency will be pleased to direct your future Dispatches for Your most humble Servt

Wil: Livingston


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Preudhomme de Borre, 12 October 1777
From: Preudhomme de Borre, Philippe-Hubert, chevalier de
To: Washington, George

Sir
Yorck [Pa.] the 12 october 1777

In Consequence of the Letter that your excellency has Send me the 13 of Septemb: with the resolve of Congress to inquiry into my Conduct; I was been at your quarters to complain me of that resolve, I could not See your excellency, but the colonel hamilton told me, you had been Surprised of that Letter and you had not told a word of me, that your Excellency would not receive my Demysion.
I was been to philadelphia and I have restored my commision to president hancock because their Conduct for my Sake Did wound my honour.
As I was in Trenton, I Seen president hancock whom I Complain, he has asked me to give an explanation in writing, I given him, as the Congress cannot be assembled I followed them till york, I join there a Copy of my Letters to Congress by Which your excellency will See my Complain and my asking, the Congress has all refused.
I beg humbly your Excellency to order to inquiry into my Conduct both in my brigade and in whole the Division Since the time I Serve With them, I never can know of Congress the Complaints they have Done against me, I hope your excellency would grant me that Satisfaction, as I cannot come back in france before to receive the Leave of the minister, I go Directly in Viliamsbourg in virginia, where I will wait the answer of your Excellency, I beseech you do not forget me. I am With

the greatest respect Sir of your excellency the most humble and most obedient Servant

Le Che. De Preudhomme De Borre


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Smith, 12 October 1777
From: Smith, Samuel
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fort Mifflin [Pa.] 12th Octr 1777

I wrote you this day giving an Accot of the Enemies having erected a Battery in the Rear of our Northwest Block House close to the Banks of the Meadow, in which we took 56: Soldiers & 2 Officers, An Officer with a party came down under the Sanction of the flag & took & kept possession of it. we have made two or three fruitless Attempts to Storm it, in the last of which we had Some few kill’d & wounded. they must have Suffer’d Considerably. however they still keep possession & will annoy us much from it & a Battery they have erected on the ferry Heights. 13 or 14 waggons & a large party Cross’d this Evening what their Intentions are I know not.
I mention’d & press’d your Excellys Orders about the Flag to the Commodore & he promis’d to perform it, but the Desertion became So general from the fleet that it was too great a Risk to effect it, I never knew anything of the practicability of laying the Meadows on the other Side Schuylkiln under water or I would have effected it, altho: in one Night they would fill up what we Should harrass our Small party in Cutting for two days. Col. Green has arriv’d & offers me all the Assistance in his power. I Have the Honor to be your Excellys Most Obedt Servt.


Title: General Orders, 13 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, Towamensing [Pa.] October 13th 1777.
Plymouth.Portsmouth. Richmond.

Those Battalions and corps that have joined the army, since the third instant, are to attend to the orders of that day; with regard to making out their Muster rolls—An immediate attention to this duty, is required of every officer, who has not already performed it.
It is with real grief and amazement that the General observes, by the late returns, how deficient of arms & accoutrements the Continental troops are. He directs, that they may be immediately supplied with muskets, and if there is not a sufficiency of cartouch boxes, that the tin cannisters be taken from those who have cartouch-boxes, to supply the defect of such as have none—After this the General positively orders that the arms, ammunition and accoutrements be examined once a day, by an officer of each company—That this may certainly be done, he expects the commanding officer of each regiment will give particular attention to the duty here enjoined—He also recommends it to the General Officers, as a matter well worthy of their care—Any soldier after this, who shall loose, sell or otherwise dispose of his arms, accoutrements or cloathing, shall be punished in the most exemplary manner, without the smallest mitigation.
As there are not spare cartouch boxes at this time, to supply the militia, Col. Crawford is desired to use his utmost skill and industry to procure horns and pouches to carry their ammunition in, or to adopt any other method, he may, upon consulting his officers, find more expeditious—He is to appoint some active person acquainted with duty, as Brigade Major pro tempore, who will be allowed pay during the time he acts.
As many great and valuable advantages, would result, from the having the arms of a division, or even a brigade, of the same bore—The Commander in Chief directs, that each officer commanding a brigade would have a return instantly made to him of the different Calibers and number of each kind in his brigade; and that as soon as this is done Major General Sullivan would call all the General officers, and officers commanding brigades, together, and see if such disposition of arms can be effected, as many happy consequences would flow from it.
After Orders. Altho’ orders have been given to complete the army with 40 rounds of cartridges a man, the General did not intend that they should be distributed to the men ’till further orders, except so far as should be necessary to fill the cartridge boxes and tin-cannisters: All above that number are to be collected immediately, and deposited in a

good covered waggon of the brigade or division, no delay is to be made in this matter, lest the cartridges be spoiled or lost.
The companies raised by Capts. Steel, Irvine, Kearsley and Calderwood are to join Col. Malcom’s regt and compose part of it.
What blankets, shoes and breeches are in the Clothier’s hands are to be distributed to morrow upon application to him without further orders.


Title: To George Washington from Jacob Duché, 13 October 1777
From: Duché, Jacob
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia, Octr 13th 1777

My dear friend Mrs Ferguson will deliver in your Excellency’s hands a letter which has laid by me several days for want of a safe conveyance: in which I have deliverd my sentiments to you upon the present state of our unhappy contest without reserve, and with full confidence in your honor. My mind will remain in a state of painful anxiety, ’till I have your candid answer and ’till I am assured under your own hand, that I have not thereby forfeited your esteem, and that you are not in the least offended at the freedom with which I have written. By this lady you will have the best opportunity of honoring me with an answer. I remain With great Respect Yr Excellys Most sincere friend & servt

Jacob Duché


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 13–14 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir,
Head Quarters [Pa.] Octor 13th[–14] 1777

Since I had the honor of addressing you on the 11th Inst., nothing material has happened between our Army and General Howes. The inclosed Copies of Commodore Hazelwood and Colonel Bradfords Letters will shew the situation of affairs in the Navy and at Fort Mifflin on the 11th which are the latest accounts I have received from thence; But there has been a warm Canonade since, which continued with but little intermission, till between Two and Three OClock yesterday Afternoon when it ceased. The result I have not heard, but I hope from the determined Spirit of the Fleet and the Garrison matters continue as we could wish.

I received an Express last night from Genl Putnam informing me of the Capture of Fort Montgomery and the consequent evacuation of Peekskill. I should send Copies of his letters to me, but as the Express who brought them, had dispatches for Congress, I conclude he has advised them fully on the subject. These events may have an unhappy influence on our Northern affairs, but as the Connecticut Militia seem to be coming in fast and Govr Clinton is exerting himself to bring out the force of New York, If Genl Putnam can but keep pace with their fleet in their progress up the River, I hope he will be able to frustrate their design of relieving Genl Burgoyne and that every thing will still terminate well in that Quarter.
It gives me pain to repeat so often the wants of the Army, and nothing would induce me to it, but the most urgent necessity. Every mode hitherto adopted for supplying them has proved inadequate, notwithstanding my best endeavours to make the most of the means, which have been in my power. The inclosed return will shew how great our deficiency in the most essential Articles. What new Expedient Congress can devise for more effectually answering these demands I know not, persuaded as I am, that their closest attention has not been wanting to a matter of so great importance. But circumstanced as we are, I am under an absolute necessity of troubling them, that if any new source can be opened for alleviating our distresses, it may be embraced as speedily as possible. For it is impossible, that any Army so unprovided can long subsist, or act with that vigor, which is requisite to ensure success. The return now inclosed is for Troops present in Camp, besides which there are numbers in the several Hospitals totally destitute of the necessaries they require to fit them for the field, and on this account alone are prevented from joining their Corps. The Recruits coming in are also in the same melancholy predicament. I cannot ascertain with precision what quantity of Cloathing is at this time in Mr Mease’s hands, but from every account what he has can administer but a very partial relief. I know he is entirely bare of some of the most Capital Articles we want.
With respect to Cartouch Boxes, without which it is impossible to act, I cannot find from my inquiries, That there are any in store. Several of the Continental Troops are deficient in this instance, and what adds to our distress, there are but very few of the Southern Militia that are provided. I am trying to make a collection about the Country, but from the information I have receiv’d, the measure will be attended with but little success. This want tho’ not remedied immediately, may be removed in time, and I would take the liberty to recommend, that the earliest attention should be had to making a large supply. I would also advise, that much care should be used in choosing the Leather. None

but the best and thickest is proper for the purpose, and each Box should have a small inner flap for the greater security of the Cartridges against rain and moist weather. The Flaps, in general, are too small, and do not project sufficiently over the ends or sides of the Boxes. I am convinced of the utility nay necessity of these improvements, and that the adoption of them, tho’ they will incur an additional expence at first, will prove a considerable saving, and of the most beneficial consequences. For we know from unhappy experience in the severe rain, on the 16th Ulto the few Boxes we had of this construction preserved the amunition without injury, whilst it was almost wholly destroyed in those of the Common form, with a single flap.
There is one thing more, which I cannot omit mentioning to Congress, and which, in my opinion, has a claim to their most serious attention. I mean the general defective state of the Regiments which compose our Armies. Congress will find from a view of the returns transmitted from time to time that they do not amount to near half of their just complement. What can be done to remedy this, I know not—But it is certain every idea of voluntary enlistments seems to be at end—and it is equally certain, that the mode of drafting has been carried on with such want of energy in some states, and so much disregarded in others, that but a small accession of force has been derived from it. These facts are sufficiently interesting of themselves, but there are others to be added. I am told that Virginia in her regulations for drafting, extended her plan only to nine regiments that were first raised. In what Policy this was founded, I cannot determine but the other six are to receive no reinforcements from that source. Nor do matters stop here. The Engagements of the first nine regiments, I am informed were temporary, and according to the Officers accounts, the longest period to which any of the Men are bound to serve is next April. many are not obliged so long, and there are some, who claim a discharge at this time. I do not mention these things thro’ choice, but from a principle of duty, to the end that Congress may devise some timely effectual provision for the whole, if such shall be in their power. It is unnecessary to enlarge upon the subject, and I wi⟨ll⟩ only observe, that the consequences of calling the militia in⟨to the field in⟩ the course of the war, have been so severely and ruinously felt, that I trust our views will never be turned to them, but in cases of the greatest extremity.
In pursuance of the Resolution of Congress a Court of Inquiry has set upon Genl Sullivan. They met on the 10th & continued the examination till the 12th, when they came to the Inclosed opinion. The Depositions and papers which were before the Court were many and prolix. They are not transmitted, but they may be obtained from

the Court if wanted. Besides the depository proofs which they had of Wounded and dead Officers, they had many Gentlemen before em in Person. I have the honor to be with great respect Sir your most Obet hum. Servt

Go: Washington

P.S. Octor 14. I last night receiv’d letters from Commodore Hazelwood & Colo. Smith. The situation of affairs was nearly the same the Evening before as when the Commodore & Colo. Bradford wrote on the 10th & 11th. The Canonade mention’d above was from our Gallies at the Enemy’s redoubts.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Edward Hand, 13 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Hand, Edward

Sir,
Head Quarters [Pa.] October 13. 1777

I have duly received your favour of the 15th Ulto from Fort Pitt, giving me an account of the State of your Garrison. I am sorry your force is not more adequate to the uses you have for it, and that such coldness appears in the neighbouring inhabitants as to preclude the assistance you had a right to expect from them. Under the circumstances you mention, I have no objection to your detaining any of the Continental troops now with you; except those which belong to the 8th Pensylvania regiment. The detention of these tends to the ruin of the whole regiment; for those who remain, finding that such as have heretofore deserted, escape punishment and are countenanced in staying from their corps, are encouraged by that circumstance to follow their example, so that desertions become every day more frequent among them, and will soon, if not put a stop to, reduce the regiment to nothing.
This consideration induces me to desire, that you will at all events, immediately on the receipt of this, take the most effectual measures to forward to camp all the officers and men of that Regiment, who either compose a part of your garrison, or are within your reach; except such officers as may have authentic vouchers of their being on any necessary business of the regiment, and have not overstaid a reasonable time, in executing it. I am Sir Your most Obedt servant

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Woodford, 13 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Woodford, William

Dear Sir
Head Quarters [Pa.] 13th October 1777

We are in the greatest want of Cartouch Boxes not only for the Militia but many of the Continental Troops. I therefore desire that you will immediately have all those collected that belong to the sick and send

down immediately and if there are any more in any of the Stores in the Town, or that have been sent up for repair let them be sent down likewise. If there are any shot pouches or Powder Horns they will be very useful for the Militia, and may be sent. Let an account be kept from the Cartouches [that] are taken, that the soldiers may not be bl⟨amed⟩ for losing them when they come from the Hospital. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt

Go: Washington

Capt. Wilder is sent to bring down all the soldiers that can be spared and he will also see the Cartouch Boxes safe.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Christopher Greene, 14 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Christopher

Sir,
Head Quarters [Towamencin Township, Pa.] October 14th 1777

Commodore Hazlewood informs me that the desertions from the fleet have left him exceedingly deficient in men, which must greatly enfeeble his operations. As I imagine there is likely to be a number of men accustomed to the water in your garrison, I must desire you will immediately draft all such and deliver them for the Commodore, for the use of the fleet. It is essential he should have a sufficiency of hands and the men cannot possibly be more usefully employed than with him.
It is my wish that you should, and I dare say you will be ready to, assist Colonel Smith in any enterprise he may form for the security of his post, and to prevent the success of the enemys attempts for its reduction. I have directed him to apply to you for whatever assistance he may want, and you can afford. I am Sir Your most Obedt servt

G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Christopher Greene, 14 October 1777
From: Greene, Christopher
To: Washington, George

May it please your Excellency
Fort at Read Bank [N.J.] 14th October 1777

I arrived here on Saturday last with my Regiment, they were much Fatigued with the March as I forced Thirty five Miles one Day—They are now in high Spirits, and go to their duty with the greatest Cheerfulness—The Inclosed Return shews our Strength. I have found it necessary to contract the Fort—but it’s now too learge for our Numbers, as we have very little to expect from the Militia—I saw General Newcomb last Evening—He Inform’s me that the small number now on duty expects to return Home in a day or Two, those that Relieve them expect to be relieved in three days—The General thinks Your

Excellency’s Intentions were, for the Militia only to help compleat the Fort. after that to Fall on the rear of the Enemy in case of an Attack—shou’d we be Attack’d they must be so Scattered as to be able to give us little or no Assistance—The strength of the Navy and Fort Mifflin your Excellency will have by the Express who bears this, from the Officers Commanding them, they are certainly very weak, for so important a post, I have already and shall still give them all the Assistance in my power. cou’d your Excellency give us the Assistance of Colo. Angels Regiment I doubt not this post wou’d be secure without Dependance on Militia—If they are to be relieved in the manner I understand they are, it’s my Opinion they will do us no service—General Newcomb gives very little Incouragement of any to Supply the place of those that are going off the Ground, could we be reinforced we probably might Frustrate the Enemy’s designs in three Batteries they are erecting against Fort Mifflin, and so near as to do them much Injury when Opened—I find it necessary for the security of the post to keep my Men all on Fatigue Dayly, this I doubt will cause them to be less Spirited in Action, if I should be under the Necessity to continue it, which must be the case, unless I am reinforced—The post I have in chearge I am Determined to defend with the small Number I Command to the last extremity. yet I doubt my Number is much too small to Answer your Excellency’s expectations. I am with the Greatest Respect Yr Excellencies Most Obedt Servt

C. Greene


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 14 October 1777
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
York Town: Pennsylvania October 14th 1777.

I have been duely honored with your several Favours of the 7th 8th and 10th continued to the 11th in the Order of their respective Dates, and immediately laid them before Congress.
I have ordered one Thousand Copies of the Resolves relative to putting a Stop to any Intercourse between the Enemy in Philada and the disaffected among us, to be printed at Lancaster, and to be forwarded thence to you for the Use of the Army.
Having Nothing more in Charge from Congress, I shall only refer your Attention to the enclosed Resolves, and assure you, that I am with the utmost Respect & Esteem, Sir your most obed. hble Serv.

John Hancock Presidt


Title: From George Washington to Commodore John Hazelwood, 14 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Hazelwood, John

Sir
Octor 14 1777

I yesterday rec’d your favor of the 12th. In consequence of your request, I have order’d a return to be made of all the Seamen in the Army, & if they can be found, shall furnish you with the number you desire, or if the whole number cannot be had, I will collect & send you as many as I can. I have also directed, Colo. Green who it is probable will have some men in his party accustomed to the water, to select them for the use of your fleet: you will apply to him accordingly.
Your spirited exertions in defence of the river have my warmest acknowledgements, and I have the fullest confidence that they will be continued to the utmost of your ability; and that you will persevere in a conduct, suitable to the importance of your trust. Be assur’d I will cooperate with you by ev’ry effort in my Power.
Let me know how you stand with respect to ammunition & if deficient, whether any steps are taking to procure a supply. I am Sr Yrs &c.

G. W——n


Title: To George Washington from Major General Lafayette, 14 October 1777
From: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de
To: Washington, George

My dear general
[Bethlehem, Pa.] the 14 october 1777

I do not do myself the honor of wr⟨a⟩ïting to you as many times as I would ch⟨u⟩se, because I fear to disturb⟨e⟩ your important occupations—but I indulge Now that pleasure to me on the occasion of the two nominations of Congress—general connay is a so brave, intelligent, and active officer that he schall, I am sure, justify more and more the esteem of the army and Your approbation—for the baron de Kalb who is unknown to your excellency I ca’nt tell any particularity of his arrangements since his ⟨niew⟩ convention with Congress, because I am

not well acquainted with them—he was employed with succis in the last war in the ⟨part⟩ of ammunition and fourages—I wrote to cannay to congratulate him and I believe indeed that he will acquitt himself ⟨with his functions⟩ as well as possible—for ⟨the⟩ baron de Kalb I do not Know Where he is—I do’nt take the liberty of asking the sentiments of your excellency about those promotions because I do not think that Congress could ⟨be able of doing⟩ such a things in the army without your ⟨petition⟩ and approbation.
I can’t express to you, dear General, with what pleasure I heard general gates’s advantages ⟨upon⟩ the queen’s light dragoons’s colonel—without speaking of my very sincere love for our cause; without speaking of Congress ⟨which (betwen us) I am not so fond of as I was in france⟩, every thing important to your own succis, agreement, and glory procures me the greatest happiness.
Give me leave, dear general, to Speack to you about my own ⟨business⟩ with all the confidence of a son, of a friend, as you favoured me with those two so precious titles—my respect, my affection for you, answer to my own heart that I deserve them on that side as well as possible—Since our last great conversation I would not tell any thing to your excellency, for my taking a division of the army—you were in too important occupations to be disturbed—for the Congress he was in a great hurry, and in such a time I take my only right of fighting; I forget the others—now that the honorable Congress is settled quiete, and making promotions, that some changements are ready to happen in the divisions, and that I endeavoured myself the 11 september to be acquainted with a part of the army and Known by them, advise me, dear general, for what I am to do—it is not in my character to examine if they have had, if they can have never some obligations to me, I am not usued to tell what I am, I wo’nt Make no more any petition to Congress because I can now refuse, but not ask from them, therefore, dear general, I’l conduct myself by your advices. consider, if you please, that europe and particularly france is looking upon me—That I want to do some thing by myself, and justify that love of glory which I left be known to the world in making those sacrifices which have appeard so surprising, some say so foolish[.] do not you think that this want is right? in the begining I refused a division because I was diffident of my being able to conduct it without Knowing the character of the men who would be under me. now that I am better acquainted no difficulty comes from me—therefore I am ready to do all what your excellency will think proper—you Know I hope with what pleasure and satisfaction I live in your family: be certain that I schall be very happy if you judge that I can Stay in america without any particular employement when Strangers come to take divisions of the army, and when myself by

the only right of my birth should get in my country without any difficulty a body of troops as numerous as is here a division—we have there different ways of advancement as the different ranks of men—I know it is not right—but I would deserve the reproachs of my friends and family if I would leave the advantages of mine to Stay in a country where I could not find the occasions of distinguishing myself—I do not tell all that to my general, but to my father and friend—for Congress I’l tell never nothing to them because tho’ I like very much some as Mr lee, Mr lawrence &c. Some others did not behave with me with that frankness which is the proof of an honest mind—all what I have the honor to wraït to your excellency in this letter is, if you please, under the most intimate secret, and confidence—I schall conduct myself entirely by your advices, and if You say that some thing is proper I’l do it directly—I desire only to know your opinion.
among the officers who came on board of my ship, this whom Congress did pay the less regard to, is the very same whom I recommended as the most able and respectable man and my best friend—he was coming only for me—if I was to be at the head of a division and your excellency would be master of it, (as I am told that Stephens gives his dismission) I can not help to tell you that a division of virginians as they are, principally with general woodfort would be the most agreable for me.
I hope that I’l be in camp in three or four days when I’l be able to speack to your excellency about all my busineses. I beg your pardon for being so tedious. it is for You a very disagreable and troublesome proof of my confidence—but that confidence is equal to the affection and respect which I have the honor to be with Your excellency’s the most obedient servant

the mquis de lafayette


Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Smith, 14 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Smith, Samuel

Sir,
Head Qrs October 14th 1777

Yours of the 12th I received yesterday. I am sorry your attempts to get possession of the enemy’s batteries have hitherto failed. I hope your future endeavours may be more successful. If they once get their batteries fairly erected, the situation of your garrison will no doubt become very trying, but I dare say, they will be duly impressed with the importance of the trust committed to them, and will manifest a proportionable degree of fortitude.
In order to render the assistance of the Gallies more effectual, I am endeavouring to supply their deficiency of men from the army. In the mean time, I have desired Colonel Greene to furnish all the seamen he may have; and to give you every assistance in his power in the execution of any enterprise you may find necessary. I am Sir Yr most hum. Sert

G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Smith, 14 October 1777
From: Smith, Samuel
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fort Mifflin [Pa.] 14th Octr 1777

I wrote your Excellency the 12th Instant on which night the enemy threw up a long Breast Work on the high ground at province Island, which Enfilades our principal Battery. I got some small assistance from Colo. Green Yesterday and threw up a blind on the platform which with two others I intend throwing up to day, will in some measure make the men who work the Guns secure. I presume they have Opened a Communication from Tinicum to Philadelphia along the bank of province Island as we every night hear their Waggons going, they are giving all the force in their power to this affair. I am persuaded a Brigade at least. Their Shiping are every day at work on the Chevaux de frize and I fear will effect their purpose unless we had Men sufficient to Annoy them from Billingsport, for as soon as the Commodore drives them down they return and begin their work. It takes much Ammunition to make them Drop down, & we have not too much. As Soon as they raise the Chevaux de frize, then I expect they will open all their Batteries & try if possible to drive us out of our Works, perhaps after they have knock’d down our Pallisades and Destroy’d our Block houses, they will attempt a Storm as we shall then have no fleet to protect our Rear, if they do I fear they will carry it as we have no men to act against a Storm, nor any thing near sufficient to work the Guns in Garrison, Had the Regt of Colo. Angel come forward we might have been able to have made a good defence, for out of the two Regiments they cou’d have Spared a 100 Seamen to the Commodore & to me near as many Men, & without more Men in this Garrison I shall be able to do but little. I have in Garrison but 19 Sergts & 156 privates including Militia, which are scarce more then Sufficient to work the Guns. Your Excellency will see the Necessity of sending me more Men at least 100 indeed 150 will not be too much, for every day our Men fall Sick, I have within 4 days 34 Men Sick in Garrison the remaining will soon be worn out with fatigue as I am oblig’d to keep them on constant duty. Shou’d you think proper to send Colo. Angel, can he with Colo. Green Spare me any men, after supplying the Commodore. I do not know their Numbers, this you may assure yourself that no dependance is to be put on the Militia, what ever men your Excellency determines on sending no time is to be lost. I sent a Return of Ammunition wanting for the Fort to Colo. Flowers, which we shall want if we are able to stand a Seige, & which had better be sent to Hattenfeild to wait our Orders. If Genl Maxwell (who I am informd is on this side the Schulkill) shou’d move down towards the Blue Bell it would perhaps prolong the time for us.

Genl Newcomb says he has recd no Orders to use his endeavours in assisting to defend this fort.
I conceive one chief reason of my Men being so very sickly is their want of Cloathing & Blankets. Your Excellency’s Order to the Cloathier never has been comply’d with. I have at least 60 of this small number without Breeches many of whom have scarce Ozna[brigs] enough to cover their Nakedness, never were poor wretches in such a Situation as they are, had it not been for some Cloathing Capt. Blewer lent me, they must all have perished before this. The Ships are makeing another Tryal at the Chevaux de frize this Morning. Majr Fluery is Arrivd. I have the Honor to be Your Excellencys Most Obedt Humble servant

Sam Smith


Title: To George Washington from Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 14 October 1777
From: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.
To: Washington, George

Sir
Hartford [Conn.] 14th Octo. 1777

I have the honor of you[r] Letter of the 1st inst.—have now the pleasure to congratulate you on the further Successes of the Army at the Northward—Hope this Aurora Borealis may not only dispell the gloom, and establish our Affairs in that Quarter—but be the forerunner of success and Victory in every other Department.
The greatest part of our Intelligence is contained in the enclosed Hartford paper—By the last accounts the Enemy were invironed by our Troops—seemed in great confusion and distress—their Baggage Scattered—much of it destroyed by themselves—Numbers of their Horses killed on the road—Several hundred barrels of Provisions fallen into our hands—The Enemy in their Retreat have burnt Genl Schuyler’s House—out Houses—And Mills—and The Houses of all who were reputed friendly to their Country.
Genl H. Clinton from New York made a sudden push up North River—before a sufficient Number of Militia arrived—Hath taken Fort Montgomery by Storm, after a gallant defence by the Garrison under Govr Clinton—He—His Brother—Colo. Dubois, Majr Humphry &c. escaped after the Enemy had entered.
The Enemy are in possession of the pass at the Highlands—Hope

they will soon be Oblidged to retire back with loss and disappointment.
Wish your success at Philadelphia—hope to have early intelligence of it—Mr Brown who carries this in his way to Congress, will leave it where he may receive your Answer on his return. I am, with high Esteem and Regard Sir Your most Obedient hble Servant

Jonth; Trumbull


Title: General Orders, 15 October 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, Towamensing [Pa.] October 15th 1777.
Gates.Lincoln. Arnold.

The General has the repeated pleasure of informing the army of the success of the troops under the command of General Gates, over General Burgoyne’s army—On the 7th instant the action commenced, about 3 o’clock in the afternoon, between the picquets of the two armies, which were reinforced on both sides—The contest was warm, and continued with obstinacy ’till evening, when our troops gained the advanced line of the enemy, and encamped on that ground all night—The enemy fled, and left behind them 330 tents, with kettles boiling with corn, 8 Brass Cannon, two twelve and six six-pounders, upwards of two hundred of their dead, and the baggage of their flying camp—General Frazier is among their slain—Our troops took 550 non-commissioned officers and soldiers prisoners; besides Sir Francis Carr Clark, Aid-de-Camp to General Burgoyne—A Quarter Master General—the commanding officers of artillery, of a foreign brigade and of the British Grenadiers, and a number of inferior rank—Two of our Generals, Lincoln and Arnold, were wounded in the leg: besides these, our troops suffered very little—They behaved with great bravery and intrepidity; and have thus a second time triumphed over the valor of veteran troops—When the last accounts came away, General Burgoyne’s army was retreating, and ours pursuing.
The General congratulates the troops upon this signal victory, the third capital advantage, which under divine providence, we have gained in that quarter; and hopes it will prove a powerful stimulus to the army under his immediate command; at least to equal their northern brethren

in brave and intrepid exertions when called thereto—The General wishes them to consider that this is the Grand American Army; and that of course great things are expected from it—’Tis the army of whose superior prowess some have boasted—What shame then and dishonour will attend us, if we suffer ourselves in every instance to be outdone? We have a force sufficient, by the favor of Heaven, to crush our foes; and nothing is wanting but a spirited, persevering exertion of it, to which, besides the motives before mentioned, duty and the love of our Country irresistably impel us. The effect of such powerful motives, no man, who possesses the spirit of a soldier can withstand, and spurred on by them, the General assures himself, that on the next occasion his troops will be completely successful.
In honor of the northern Army, and to celebrate their victory, Thirteen pieces of cannon are to be discharged, at the artillery park, at five o’clock this afternoon: previous to which, the brigades and corps are to be drawn out on their respective parades, and these orders distinctly read to them by their officers.
Those in Col. Crawford’s brigade of Militia, whose pieces cannot be drawn, are to be discharged at 5 o’clock this afternoon.
The troops are to march to morrow from the right, at seven o’clock in the morning; the Major General of the day will point out the order of the march.
Brigade returns are to made immediately, of all the seamen in the respective corps of the army.
The Brigadiers, and officers commanding brigades, are without the smallest delay, to make strict enquiry, for the tin Cannisters which have been issued to them, and report their number now with them, and inform what is become of the rest.
In consequence of a representation of the Field Officers of Col. Stewart’s regt Capt: Patrick Anderson and Lieut: Jacob Meltz of that regiment, are hereby suspended for their non-attendance; and their pay is to be stopped.
A court of enquiry, consisting of five members, one of which, General Greene, is to be president, is to sit at the presidents quarters, at three o’clock this afternoon, to enquire into the charges against Brigadier General Maxwell—All witnesses are to attend at the same time. Brigadiers General Muhlenberg and Varnum, Cols: Stewart and Richardson are appointed members of this court.
A General Court Martial of horse Officers to sit at Col. Moylan’s quarters, to morrow morning, nine o’clock in the morning, for the trial of all prisoners of the Horse, which shall be brought before them—Col. Moylan is appointed president of this court.


Title: To George Washington from William Bradford, Sr., 15 October 1777
From: Bradford, William, Sr. (1722-1791)
To: Washington, George

Ship Montgomery before Fort Mifflin [Pa.] October 15th 1777

Last night I received the inclosed Letter. The Commodore plac’d the Galleys in proper places to prevent a storm, and the night being very Foggy no attempt was made. The night before last they throw’d up a Battery before the Hospital on Province Island. This morning at nine OClock the Fog clear’d away, and they began firing from the Battery at the mouth of Schuylkill, the one before the Hospital and from the one opposite Fort Mifflin. They have as yet fir’d but few shot, but we suppose they will continue and increase their fire. Every thing will be done to defend the Fort that is possible. Colonel Smith was on board just now, and he not having time desir’d me to send off this information to your Excellency. I am Your Excellencys most Obt Hble Servant

Wm Bradford