Title: To John Adams from Nathanael Greene, 28 January 1782
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Adams, John

Head Quarters near Charlestown January 28th 1782
Dear Sir

Our correspondence has been long broken off. I had the honor of a line from you by the Count de Noel; but I was at a loss to tell whether I was indebted to you or to him for it. However in that letter you express a wish to renew our correspondence. I should have readily complied with your desire, but as the correspondence had droped from your disinclination and not mine, and as my situation at the time I was favored with your letter could not make my correspondence more valuable, or of more importance than it ever had been, I was resolved not to open one, untill I could do it to more advantage on my side that I might convince you of my esteem and regard. I was well informed you had let in some prejudices to my disadvantage, such as my being more influenced by men than measures and that in the field I had neither activity or enterprise. However mortifying these things were, my pride would not permit me to undeceive you; and such was my situation at that time that it would have been difficult, if not impracticable had I attempted it. That I have a very great respect to men, I readily confess, but politically, no further than they are necessary to measures. The good of my country has ever been my first and great object, and I defy malice itself, to fix upon a single instance wherein I have departed from this line in consideration of private attachments. I honor virtue where ever I find it, whether in civil or military life. I love my Friends but I have been taught to beleive no Man is at liberty to sacrifice the publick good to private friendship.
My military conduct must speak for itself. I have only to observe that I have not been at liberty to follow my own genius ’till lately, and here I have had more embarrassments than is proper to disclose to the world. However the american arms have gained some advantages. My public letters will have given you some idea of it; but the previous measures which led to important events and the reasons for these measures must lay in the dark, untill a more leisure hour. Let it suffice to say that this part of the United States have had a narrow escape. I was seven months in the field without taking my cloths off one night. We have now compleat possession of the country and the inhabitants infinitely more determined to free themselves from british Domination than ever they have been. The advantages we have gained here added to the capture of the british in virginia we flatter ourselves will work some important advantages for us in Europe, and we are impatiently waiting to hear of the effect should we be disappointed the people are determined to defend themselves from age to age rather than give up their independence.
If you still feel the same inclination that you expressed in your letter by Count de Noel I shall be happy to correspond with you and I shall take a pleasure in communicating every thing important from this department.

I am &c.
N Greene


Title: To John Adams from Jacob Pope, 2 February 1782
From: Pope, Jacob
To: Adams, John

Mill Prison Near plymouth February the 2d 1782
To the Right Honourable John Adams

Sir I have Taken this Opportunity of writing to You to lett you know of my Unhapy Situation here as Sir I was Captured on My Voyage to Portaprince In the westindeas att which Time I was Deprivd. of Both Cloths. and Money And Sent Here into Prison Destitude of both Cloths. and Money And no Acquaintanc to Suply me with Any Untill I could be relievd. from Home Which I dont Expect Any Suply This Six or Seaven Months Although I have wrote to my Owners Different Tims. Since my Arrival Here And Cannot Expect Any Answr. or Relief for Six or Seaven Months To Come Which is to long A time for one in the Distrissd. Situation that I am in att Preasent. Sir I have Commandd. A company in The Continental Army Dureing Which Time I fought Thirteen Battels in the Defince of my Country And Have Been Eaver Since in Pursuit of The Enemy by Sea Untill this Unlucky Voyage that I had the Misfortune of Being Capturd. Sir as I have no Corrispondence in france And Cannot be relivd. from Home this Considerable time to Come I realy on Your Honour and Goodness And Expect You will be Pleasd. to Procure Some Man for my Exchange or Send Me Some Trifling sum of Money to Suply my wants here And buy A little Cloths for me and a little boy of A son of Mine who is along with me Here And you may Realy on it it Should be paid to You or Your family in America with Double Interest Togeathr. with being an Everlasting Obligation on me and You May Realy on it I will be near Dessetient of Gratitude Enough Dureing my life to Esteem it as the Greatest favour I Eaver mett with So my Distressd. Situation Obligs. me to Expect Your Honours. Compliance in my reaquest which I hope will be Rewardd. You by God Which will be the Continual Prayers And Sincear wel wishes of Your Honours Most Obidient And Most Humble. Sirt & Contryman

Jecob Pope


Title: From John Adams to Benjamin Franklin, 4 February 1782
From: Adams, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Amsterdam Feby. 4th 1782
Sir

Yesterday was presented to me another Bill of Exchange for 1100 Guilders, drawn on Mr Laurens 25th. Feby. 1780. I have, as usual, asked time to write to your Excellency, to know if You can be responsible for the payment: if not, they must be protested, for there is no Money to be had here.
Indeed, if there was a probability of obtaining any small Sum here, quare, whether it would not be impolitick to start the subject at this critical moment, when the Republick is seriously thinking of an Alliance with France and America. There are great appearances of Anxiety for the Return of the Duke de la Vauguyon, and great Expectations are formed from his Presence.
I think it certain, that the States will not make a separate Peace, nor accept the Mediation of Russia, but upon Conditions which France shall acquiesce in. Upon such Conditions, I presume England will not make a separate Peace, nor even accept the Mediation: so that I am well persuaded there will be no Peace nor Mediation. These points once settled, there is great reason to believe they will make a Treaty with France and America. Indeed an apprehension prevails, that France is not fond of an Alliance, and this apprehension damps the Ardor of the Favourers of such a Measure.
If the Proposition suggested in my Instructions should be now made, I think it would succeed; but I may be mistaken, and it is now under the Consideration of abler Judges, whose Determination I shall wait very respectfully.
This moment six other Bills drawn on Mr. Laurens 6th. July 1780 are brought to me. Nos 83. 86. 92. 132. 136. 137—all 550 Guilders each. Without your Excellency’s Consent to discharge them, they must be protested.

With great Respect I have the Honour to be, Sir, your most obedient and most humble Servant
J. Adams


Title: To John Adams from Benjamin Franklin, 4 February 1782
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Adams, John

Passy Feb. 4. 1782
Sir

I have received yours of the 25th. past, in which you acquaint me with the Reasons you have for being fully of Opinion that no Loan is possible to be procured by you, till there is a Treaty. Our only Dependance then appears to be on this Court; and I am happy to find that it still continues dispos’d to assist us. Since mine of the 11th. past, tho’ I have obtain’d no positive assurances of determined Sums, I think I see more Light, and will venture undertaking to answer your acceptances of the Bills you mention. Before you receive this, you will be inform’d of my having sent wherewith to answer your Engagements for the present Month; and I beg to know how much is yet to be provided for. With great Respect, I have honour to be, Sir, Your Excellency’s most obedient & most humble Servant

B Franklin


Title: C. W. F. Dumas to John Adams: A Translation, 5 February 1782
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

The Hague, 5 February 1782
Sir

The reason that I did not write sooner is that I had planned to spend last week with you during our friends’ absence here. But my domestic affairs prevented me from leaving, for one reason or another, and now our friends have returned, which requires my presence.
A week ago Thursday, before the adjournment, the resolution with France very nearly happened. Only the town of Brille, which agrees with the nobility that the resolution should come at the same time as the acceptance of the mediation, prevented a unanimous vote. Nothing was resolved as a result. Before dispersing, Dordrecht and six other principal cities protested very strongly against the unconstitutional conduct of the high mightinesses by maintaining correspondence with the Court of Vienna regarding the abolition of the treaty of barriers and demolition of the cities in this treaty, without consulting the provinces on this point. They threatened to recall their deputies to the states general if this action continues to move forward. This unexpected proceeding humiliated and scared the deputies. Perhaps it will make them less complaisant and more circumspect in the future. This week, the accord will probably be decided upon, as well as the mediation, which will only be accepted with strong limitations, and which will thwart the views of the Anglomanes.
It is unfortunate that we do not yet know when you will have your first audience. There is a very nice house for sale here that would suit you perfectly, sir, and that is going for 12,000 florins but is worth at least 16,000. The rent for it is ƒ1000. I saw it out of curiosity. It is in a nice neighborhood that is one of the most desirable. It is spacious, elegant, well appointed and modern, and would be more profitable to buy than to rent. It certainly would be a house fit for an American minister, and if it goes, it will be hard to find another one that is comparable. If we were closer to a denouement, I would advise you to come see it for yourself. You would like it very much and we would have an American residence at the Hague for a good price.
According to your orders, I have commissioned a bookshop here to obtain Gesner’s edition of Robert Stephanus’ excellent Latin dictionary from Germany. I also asked for Fabri’s Latin thesaurus by Gesner. These two works are the best of their kind. I also asked that they obtain the three books that I lent to you.
We are awaiting the French ambassador’s arrival any moment now.
I am sure that something interesting will happen here in the next weeks and I will keep my eyes open for anything to pass on to you.

I received a letter from Mr. Robert R. Livingston, secretary for foreign affairs, that I would very much like you to read when we see each other.
Please extend my cordial wishes to Mr. Thaxter.

I am with great respect, sir, your very humble and very obedient servant
Dumas

It is whispered here that the Prince has already promised the American ambassadorship to two people successively, first, to Mr. Van Citters, Zeeland’s deputy to the states general, and then, to Mr. Rendorp. It is being said that the latter will have it. But I only have inferior sources for this information. It could be that the Prince is joking with these promises.
At the present moment, it is time for this letter to you, dear sir, to be sent.


Title: To John Adams from Thomas Vinton, 5 February 1782
From: Vinton, Thomas
To: Adams, John

Mill Prison near plymouth February the 5th. 1782
Please Your Excellency

Allthough I am Uncertain wheather you Retain The Youth that now Adresses You Yet I am Certain of Your Honours Being Aquaintd. with my parents Which Embouldens me to Take the liberty of laying My Distressd. Situation Before your Honour. Sir My Fathers name is Thoms. Vinton and lives in Brantree. So as it was my Misfortune to be Capturd Att Sea on the 10th Day of June last on Board the Esex Priveteer Commandd. by Capn. John Kethcart And Brought to This Prison where I Suffer a great Deal for the want of Both Cloths. and Money on Account of my Being Deprivd of Both when I had The Misfortune of Being Captivatd. Therefore Sir I Expect You will be Pleasd to Compassionate My Distressd. Situation in Regard of Sending of me A small Suply of money which you May Realy on it Will be Reimbursd. if not To you to Some of Your family att Home in America Who were all well when I had the pleasure of Seeing of them last which was on the fifteenth Day of April last. I Realy on your Honour and Goodness And Expect youl not Disapoint my Expectation in Regard of Sending me Eavr so Small a Suply as I am in A most Distressd Situation and You May be Assurd. Ile Neavr. be Defitient of gratitude Enough to Esteem it as an Ever lasting Obligation togeathr. with paying you or yours as Soon as Possiable Your Compliance in my Reaquest I hope will be Rewardd. by god which Will be the Continual Prayers and Sincear well wishs. of Yr. Most Obd. Humble Sirt

Thoms. Vinton


Title: To John Adams from Joseph Stephens, 6 February 1782
From: Stephens, Joseph
To: Adams, John

Amsterdam 6 February 1782
Most Hond Sir

I have now Served your excellency more then four year as faithfully as was in my power and have done as much to take care of your intrest at all times as though it had Been my own; and with as much fidelity—now if your excelly. will be kind enough to pass your word for me to Mr Hodshon I can soon get into a good way of busness with success can Soon get advanst a little in the world; and while I am young is the only time for me to try my Luck; and as I intend to marry here in amsterdam if please god I Shall keep a Shoop if possible; of Silk handerchief linnens muslin cambricks chince, &c. And in a place where all the americans french and all other nations Land from their Ships and as the american captins and sailors by many good of that kind by retail I Should be almost sure to have all their custom; therefore if your excelly will be So good as to Speak a good word for me to mr Hodshon he will furnish the Shoop with goods; Mr Hodshon will informe you who the young woman is and of her caricter; I hope to have your excellys approbation as marrying makes young people Steady and more contented then to Live unmarried and runing here and there night and day; I would not leave your excellency while you stayd in europe unless you chose that I Should; for the young woman whome I hope to marry has alredy Larned to keep Shop and is capable of takeing good care of a shoop; and to advantage, therefore when Mr Hodshon waits upon your ecelly if you will be kind enough to Speak for me I Shall be ever bound in duty to you and as I regard honesty as my birth right haveing no other I hope to maintain it as such never forgeting my own country and that Jewel Liberty and freedome;—to Set a mill agoing it requires a considerable courent of water; therefore I hope to have your kind consideration and approbation;

Joseph Stephens


Title: To John Adams from Benjamin Franklin, 12 February 1782
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Adams, John

Passy, Feb. 12. 1782
Sir

I received the honour of yours dated the 7th. Inst. acquainting me with the Presentation of several more Bills drawn on Mr Laurens. I think you will do well to accept them, and I shall endeavour to enable you to pay them. I should be glad to see a compleat List of those you have already accepted. Perhaps from the Series of Numbers, and the Deficiencies, one may be able to divine the Sum that has been issued, of which we have never been informed as we ought to have been. Ignorance of this, has subjected me to the unpleasant Task of making repeated Demands which displease our Friends by seeming to have no End. The same is the Case with the Bills on Mr. Jay and on myself. This has among other things made me quite sick of my Gibeonite office, that of drawing Water for the whole Congregation of Israel. But I am happy to learn from our Minister of Finance, that after the End of March next no farther Drafts shall be made on me, or Trouble given me by Drafts on others.
The Duke de Vauguyon must be with you before this time. I am impatient to hear the Result of your States on the Demand you have made of a categoric answer &c. I think with you that it may be wrong to interrupt or perplex their Deliberations by asking Aids during the present critical Situation of affairs.
I understood that the Goods had all been delivered to Mr. Barclay, and I punctually paid all the Bills. That Gentleman now writes me that those purchased of Gillon are detained on pretence of his Debts. These new Demands were never mention’d to me before. It has been and will be a villanous affair from beginning to End.

With great Esteem and Respect, I have the honour to be Sir, Your Excellency’s most obedient and most humble Servant
B Franklin


Title: From John Adams to Robert R. Livingston, 14 February 1782
From: Adams, John
To: Livingston, Robert R.

Amsterdam Feby. 14th 1782
Dear Sir

Yesterday the Duplicate of your Letter of the 23d. of October was brought to me, the Original not yet arrived.
It is with great pleasure I learn that a Minister is appointed for foreign Affairs, who is so capable of introducing into that Department an Order, a Constancy and an Activity, which could never be expected from a Committee of Congress so often changing and so much engaged in other great Affairs, however excellent their Qualifications or Dispositions. Indeed, Sir, it is of infinite Importance to me to know the Sentiments of Congress; yet I have never known them in any detail, or with any Regularity, since I have been in Europe. I fear Congress have heard as little from me since I have been in Holland. My dispatches by the Way of St. Eustatia and by several private Vessels, and by the South Carolina have been vastly unfortunate.
My Situation, Sir, has been very delicate: but as my whole Life from my Infancy has been passed through an uninterrupted Series of delicate Situations, when I find myself suddenly translated into a new one, the View of it neither confounds nor dismays me. I am very sensible however, that such an Habit of Mind borders very nearly upon Presumption, and deserves very serious Reflections.
My health is still precarious. My Person has been thought by some to have been in danger: but at present I apprehend nothing to myself or the Public. This Nation will have Peace with England, if they can obtain it upon honorable Terms; but upon no other. They cannot obtain it upon any other, without giving Offence to France, and England will not make Peace upon such Conditions. I shall therefore probably remain here in a very insipid and insignificant state a long time, without any Affront or Answer.
In the Parties which divide the Nation I have never taken any Share. I have treated all Men of all Parties whom I saw alike, and have been used quite as well by the Court Party as their Antagonists. Both Parties have been in bodily Fear of popular Commotions, and the Politicks of both appear to me to be too much influenced by alternate Fears and I must add Hopes of popular Commotions. Both Parties agree in their Determinations to obtain Peace with England, if they can: but Great Britain will not cease to be the Tyrant of the Ocean until She ceases to be the Tyrant of America. She will give up her Claims of Empire over both together.
The Dutch have an undoubted Right to judge for themselves, whether it is for their Interest to connect themselves with Us or not. At present I have no Reason to be dissatisfied. I have in pursuance of the Advice of the Comte de Vergennes and the Duke de la Vauguyon, added to that of several Members of the States, demanded an Answer. I was recieved politely by all Parties—though You will hear great Complaints from others that I am not recieved well. They have their Views in this: they know that this is a good String for them to touch. I stand now in an honorable light, openly and candidly demanding an Answer in my public Character. But it is the Republick that stands in a less respectable Situation, not one Member of the Sovereignty having yet ventured to give an Answer in the Negative. The Dignity of the United States is therefore perfectly safe, and if that of this Republick is questionable, this is their own fault not ours.
Your Advice to be well with the Government and to take no Measures which may bring upon me a public affront, is perfectly just. All appearance of Intrigue, and all the Refinements of Politicks have been as distant from my Conduct, as You know them to be from my natural and habitual Character.
Your Advice to spend much of my time at the Hague, I shall in future pursue, though I have had Reasons for a different Conduct hitherto. As to Connections with the Ministers of other Powers, it is a Matter of great delicacy. There is no Power but what is interested directly or indirectly in our Affairs at present. Every Minister has at his own Court a Competitor, who keeps Correspondences and Spies to be informed of every Step; and open Visits to or from any American Minister are too dangerous for them to venture on. It must be managed with so much Art, and be contrived in third Places and with so much unmeaning Intrigue, that it should not be too much indulged, and after all nothing can come of it. There is not a Minister of them all that is intrusted with any thing, but from time to time to execute positive Instructions from his Court.
A Loan of Money has given me vast anxiety. I have tried every Experiment and failed in all; and am fully of Opinion, that We never shall obtain a Credit here until We have a Treaty. When this will be I know not. If France has not other Objects in View of more Importance, in my Opinion She may accomplish it in a short time. Whether She has or not, time must discover.

Mr. Barclay is here doing his utmost to dispatch the public Effects here: but these will turn out the dearest Goods that Congress ever purchased, if they ever arrive safe.
It has been insinuated, I perceive, that I was privy, to the Purchase of a Parcell of English Manufactures among these Goods. This is a Mistake. It was carefully concealed from me, who certainly should not have countenanced it, if I had known it. Mr Barclay will exchange them all, for the Manufactures of Germany or Holland, or sell them here. The ordonnance of Congress against British Manufactures, is universally approved as far as I know as an Hostility against their Ennemies of more Importance, than the Exertions of an Army of Twenty thousand Men.

With great Esteem and Respect, I have the Honour to be Sir, your most obedient and most humble sert
John Adams


Title: To John Adams from Samuel Curtis and Others, 14 February 1782
From: Curtis, Samuel,Bass, Jeriah,Savil, Edward,Newcomb, Briant,Field, Job
To: Adams, John

Plymouth Millprisson Old England Febuary 14th D 1782
Sir

Being duly Sencible of the many favours wee have received from you Since wee have been in Captivity which favours have Contributed greatly towards our Suport therefore we think it our indispencible duty to return you our hearty thanks for Such Extroadinery favours wee was favoured with your last kindness about Six weeks past and the enclement Season of the year and many other dificulties we have to Surmount in our Long and tedious Confinement Expends our money very fast neighther of us haveing any friend in this kingdom to releave our distreses we theirfore dear Sir take Courage to request one favour more from you for our money is all Exhausted and wee must uavoidably Suffer in our Captivity unless our distreses are releived there fore dear Sir wee Earnestly beg you would take our deplorable and distresed Circumstances into your candid consideration and be bountifully disposed to grant our request by Supplying us with a little more money and in So doing wee Shall think our Selves in duty bound to render you all the Satisfaction that may be in our powers to do when Ever wee are liberated from our Captivity wishing you health wealth and properity we Close with Subscribeing our Selves your freinds and unfortunate neighbours

Samuel Curtis
Jeriah Bass
Edward Savil
Bryant Newcomb
Job Field


Title: To John Adams from C. W. F. Dumas, 14 February 1782
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

Lahaie 14e. Febr. 1782
Monsieur

Ce matin le Concert avec la France, et la Mediation ont été résolus aux Etats d’Hollde en même temps. C’est une Singuliere Cuisine qui peut assaisonner, et un singulier Estomac qui peut avaler et digérer des choses si peu compâtibles. La Médiation est acceptée saufs les droits de la rep. à la neutralité armée; selon la resolution, on doit aussi donner connoissance de la Négociation pour la paix aux autres Puissances belligérantes. J’ignore encore les autres particularités de la Résolution: mais je les saurai demain. Wentworth est fort visité ici par le Parti Anglomane. Il a été ce matin à 11 heures en conférence chez l’Ambr. Russe. Il fait déjà le petit Ambassadeur. Mundus vuit decipi, ergo decipiatur. Allons notre chemin. Nous rirons les derniers.
Mrs. Barclay et Thaxter ont vu ce que vous savez; et je crois qu’après leur rapport vous aurez vu que je n’avois rien exagéré, et que l’emplette seroit très-bonne. Il ne faudroit pas trop tarder après cela à vous déterminer, Monsieur, afin de n’être point prévenu par d’autres qui acheteroient ou loueroient. On pourroit provisionellement acheter sous mon nom. Tantum pour aujourd’hui car la poste va partir. Je Suis avec le plus sincere respect Monsieur Votre très-humble & très obeissant serviteur

Dumas


Title: C. W. F. Dumas to John Adams: A Translation, 14 February 1782
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

The Hague, 14 February 1782
Sir

This morning, the accord with France and the mediation were resolved in the states of Holland. It is a singular cuisine that can season two things so incompatible and a singular stomach that can swallow and digest them. The mediation was accepted with the exception of the republic’s rights to the armed neutrality. According to the resolution, the belligerent powers must be notified about the peace negotiation. I do not know any other particulars of the resolution, but I will know more tomorrow. Wentworth was sent here by the British government. At eleven o’clock this morning he was in a meeting with the Russian ambassador. He is presenting himself as the little ambassador. Mundus vuit decipi, ergo decipiatur. We will remain honest. We will have the last laugh.
Mr. Barclay and Mr. Thaxter have seen you know what. I believe that by their report you will realize that I have not exaggerated and it would be a good purchase. You must not take too long to decide, sir, because someone might buy it or rent it soon. I could buy it for you provisionally under my name. Tantum for today because the mail is about to leave. I am, with the most sincere respect, sir, your very humble and very obedient servant

Dumas


Title: To John Adams from John Foster Williams, 15 February 1782
From: Williams, John Foster
To: Adams, John

Morlox Feby: 15th 1782
Sir

From a personal Knoledge of your Excellency’s Sencere Attachment to the true intrest of your Country and those individuals who have Distinguish’d themselves theirin, leades me to address you at this time, I was Capturd in May last, and haveing ben Honnourd with the Command of the State Ship protector, was Transported from New York to these Disagreable Mansons, and Commited to Mill prison 22d July last where I found Numbers of my Country men and Towns Men in distress, but finding, the Brittish Ministry inclin’d to Exchange us provided Notice Sufficant was taken, I immideatly maid application to Mr John Joy late Inhabitant of the Town of Boston, who, Interpos’d in my behalf and has finally Effectd. my Immideate Exchange.
Inclos’d is a Letter from a Gentn: who I have Just left in Captivity, in Mill prison at plymouth in England from which place I am Exchang’d together with several others, to wit Capt John Manly and a Capt Talbot and several others the Former of which is Exchang’d against an English Major, the Latter against an Officer of equel rank detained for him in America, I am happy to Inform you that the Independance of our Country is now so far allowed off in Britain that thay hold Rank of Officers in the Estermation, tis in consequence of this that the Writer of the Enclosed, Capt N. Nazro has addressed you on his behalf, and you will please permit me to Recommend him to your perticular pateronage and protection, as a Gentleman of merit and distinction, whose Services, entitle him to the notice and favor of his Country, he was late in the Capacity of a Capt of Merines in a privat Arm’d Vessell of War of 20 Guns Belonging to Boston, and is I believe the only Officer of the like rank in that line in the same prison where he is confined, I am fully of opinion, that was their aney British Officer in any Respect upon an equality with particularly a Captive to the American flag and Confined for him either in Europe or America, that the same would immediately effect his liberation, and in this manner also may many others Officers now in confinement in the same prison be liberated, haveing done that Justice which is due to the Merits of this my Fr[iend as] well as several others American Captains. I beg leave to subscribe myself what I really wish to be Your Most humble and Most devoted obedient Servant

John Foster Williams


Title: To John Adams from C. W. F. Dumas, 18 February 1782
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

La Haie 18e. Fevr. 1782
Monsieur

J’ai fait ce matin les démarches dont j’ai eu l’honneur de vous parler. L’effet en question sera mis demain 19e. en vente publique, pour savoir qui en offrira le plus. Nous laisserons offrir, sans nous en mêler. J’ai envoyé un Expert, dont le rapport est satisfaisant quant à l’essentiel: C’est-à-dire que l’Effet est bon et sain; qu’il a seulement été négligé, et que les réparations comme peinture double, et autres, pour remettre l’Effet dans tout l’état requis, pourront aller de 600ƒ à 1000ƒ selon qu’on voudra étendre ou borner ces réparations. La taxe publique ordinaire de l’Effet, est de ƒ83.7: or, selon l’usage, il faut doubler toujours cela, à cause de la taxe extraordinaire, qui est d’autant: ainsi l’Effet doit payer par an au pays ƒ166.14s. de taxe qu’on appelle Verponding. J’ai fait faire sous main une offre au Propriétaire; mais comme il se tient roide et fier, nous le laisserons expérimenter sa fortune demain, et ce qui lui aura été offert, le rendra plus traitable probablement, et nous servira à nous de guide. Vendredi prochain, si nous ne nous accordons pas lui et nous pour acheter de la main à la main, l’effet sera ajugé finalement à celui qui criera à propos mine (à moi) pendant que le Crieur ira en descendant d’une somme par laquelle il commencera. Soit que nous tombions d’accord avec le propriétaire entre demain et vendredi prochain, Soit qu’il veuille encore courir les risques de ce jour-là, vous pouvez compter, Monsieur, que je me tiendrai dans les limites des ordres que vous m’avez donnés, et que j’aurai l’honneur de vous informer par la poste de Samedi prochain, si l’Effet est à vous ou non. J’ajouterai seulement ici, que le rapport de l’expert que j’ai employé, me rassure tout-à-fait sur la bonté de l’emplette, en me donnant la certitude, que vous ne l’aurez nullement trop chere, quand même le prix iroit jusqu’au dernier terme de vos ordres.
Permettez que je place ici nos respects et complimens pour Mr. Barclai. Nous esperons que vous avez fait le voyage heureusement. Je suis avec le respect le plus sincere, Monsieur Votre très-humble & très-obéissant serviteur

Dumas


Title: C. W. F. Dumas to John Adams: A Translation, 18 February 1782
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

The Hague, 18 February 1782
Sir

This morning I took the necessary steps that we talked about. The property in question will be up for public sale tomorrow, the 19th, to see who will make the highest offer. We will let them offer without interfering. I sent an expert whose report is satisfactory concerning the essentials, that is to say that the property is good and desirable, that it has solely been neglected, and that it needs only some repairs like painting and other things in order to return it to the required state. The price for this would range from 600 to 1000 florins depending on how extensive the repairs are. The basic public tax for the property is ƒ83.7, but according to practice that number should be doubled because of the extraordinary tax, which is just as much. Therefore a tax of ƒ166.14s must be paid for tax they call Verponding. I made a secret offer to the owner, but since he is stiff and proud, we will let him try his own luck tomorrow, and that which will be offered to him will probably make him more manageable and serve to guide us. Next Friday, if we are not in agreement to buy it directly from him, it will be awarded to whoever shouts mine while the auctioneer descends in price from where he started. Whether we reach an agreement with the owner between tomorrow and next Friday, or whether he wants to take a risk of that day, you can be sure, sir, that I will stay within the limitations of your orders and I will be able to inform you of the outcome by next Saturday’s post. I will simply add here, that the expert’s report has reassured me that it is a good purchase and that you will have it for a fair price even if it goes for your top price.
Permit me to add here my regards for Mr. Barclay. We hope you have had a good journey. I am with the most sincere respect, sir, your very humble and very obedient servant

Dumas


Title: To John Adams from David Hartley, 19 February 1782
From: Hartley, David
To: Adams, John

Golden Square feb 19 1782
Sir

I take the opportunity by means of Mr Laurens junr of addressing a few lines to you for the purpose of expressing my entire concurrence with your benevolent Sentiments concerning peace and the blessed peace makers. I agree with you that peace must come in company with faith and honour and when these meet, I join with you in saying, Let friendship join the amiable and venerable choir. It is some months since I received the favour of your letter containing these sentiments.2 But as the justice humanity and benevolence of these sentiments are eternal I conclude that the sentiments themselves will always remain yours. My only object in writing, is to say thus much to you and to express my most sincere wish that the actual exercise of the blessed office of peace makers may be called forth in the persons of those who are now in appointment to that honorable trust from America. If I shd ever have it in my power to contribute to that blessed end be assured that my utmost endeavours shall always be exercised (as they always have been) to establish peace and friendship thro the paths of honour and good faith. Permitt me to enquire of you who are entitled to treat on the part of America, and whether Mr Laurens the late president be of the number. I am Dear Sir with great respect your most obedt Servt.

D Hartley


Title: From John Adams to the Marquis de Lafayette, 20 February 1782
From: Adams, John
To: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de

Amsterdam Feb. 20. 1782
My dear General

Yesterday Major Porter, brought me, your kind favour of the first of this month, together with some Letters from America, in one of which is a Resolution of Congress of the 23d of November “That the secretary of foreign affairs acquaint the Ministers Plenipotentiary of the United States, that it is the desire of Congress that they confer with the Marquis de la Fayette, and avail themselves of his Informations relative to the Situation of publick affairs, in the United States.” This Instruction is so agreable to my Inclinations, that I would undertake a Journey to Paris, for the Sake of a personal Interview with my dear General, if the State of my Health, and the Situation of affairs, in which I am here engaged did not render it improper.
Permit me, however, to congratulate you, on your arrival with fresh and unfading Laurels, and to wish you all the Happiness, which the Sight of your Family the applause of the Public and the approbation of your Sovereign can afford you.
I Should be extreamly happy in your Correspondence, Sir, and if there is any Thing in this Country which you would wish to know, I should be glad to inform you as far as is in my Power. This Republick is ballancing between an alliance with France and America on one hand, and a Mediation of Russia for a separate Peace on the other. The Byass is strong for Peace but they dont see a Prospect of obtaining it, by the Mediation. They are determined however to try the Experiment, but are so divided about it that all is Languor and Confusion. I fancy they will oscillate for Some time, and at last finding the Negotiations for a Separate Peace, an Illusion, they will join themselves to the Ennemies of their Ennemy.
Upon your Return to America, I should be obliged to you, if you would Say to some of the Members of Congress, that if they should think fit to recall me, it is absolutely necessary in my humble opinion that they Should have some other Person here invested with the Same Powers.

With the Sincerest affection and Esteem, I have the honour to be, my dear General, your most obedient and humble sert


Title: From John Adams to Edmund Jenings, 21 February 1782
From: Adams, John
To: Jenings, Edmund

Amsterdam Feb. 21. 1782
Dr Sir

The next morning after the Rect of your Letter, I went to Mr De Neufville and paid him the Eight Ducats as you desired, for which I inclose his Receipt.
I want to know whether Mr Laurens is exchanged for General Burgoine whether he knows that he is in the Commission—of the Peace, or not, whether and when he intends to come over to the Continent. Pray invite him for me, I dare not do it myself for fear of hurting him, to come and take his Abode with me, in my House—and take Possession of his station here. You may easily do it by means of your Friend.
I want your charitable Aid in another affair. I have received Letters from the Parents of some others in Prison, to whom I am desired to lend some Money. I will inclose their Names. Should be much obliged to you if you would take measures to supply them, forthwith with forty shillings Sterling each, and to know of them and of the others whom you befriended before, whether they are in want of more, and how much, but exhort them, however to Frugality, for the sake of their Parents. This is so malicious a kind of Work that I know it will gratify your Ill Nature.
Nathanael Beal—Lemuel Clark, Gridley Clark, Louis Glover Samuel Curtis, Jedidiah Bass, Thomas Vinton, William Horton are the Names.
The inclosed Letter mentions a Benjamin Brackett and his Case. I know the Uncle Joshua Brackett and will advance any reasonable sum for him, if that can procure his Release, or Exchange.

Affectionately yours
J. Adams


Title: To John Adams from Francis Dana, 21 February 1782
From: Dana, Francis
To: Adams, John

St: Petersbourg Feby: 10/21 1782
My Dear Sir

Although I have been much disappointed in not receiving your promised letter in answer to mine by Mr: Sayer, yet I have not on that account omitted to write you ever since my last (by the post) viz of Jany: 14/25th. I have lately been wholly confined to my rooms by a cold and a fever which though not dangerous has been very troublesome and unfitted me for any sort of business. In short I have been more indisposed and out of health, the short time of my residence in this City, than I have been before from the time of my arrival in Europe. So that I may safely conclude this climate is not adapted to my constitution yet I must sustain its effects sometime longer; which I shou’d do with patience and submission if I cou’d be a little better satisfied that any good purposes wou’d be brought about within a reasonable time. That things will come right in the end I seem to be pretty well convinced, because I am persuaded it is for the Interest of both Nations, that we shou’d succeed in our plan: of the Truth of this, if they are not already convinced of it, they will one day be fully so. I wait with impatience to see an end of the present mediation between Britain and Holland, and I shall not then fail to take some decisive measures to open a direct communication with her Majesty’s Ministers. All substantial objections it seems must then be removed, or I shall dispair of their ever being so. Will it not be high time that an attempt shou’d then be made to find out the real dispositions of Her Imperial Majesty towards the United States? I have discovered nothing yet which induces me to call into question the sentiments in general which I have expressed in the letters which have passed through your hands, upon that subject. I see you have made another attempt in your department, but I fear all will be ineffectual there, and that the great interests of that Country are in fact sacrificed to a foreign influence—that they can neither have peace, or adopt any proper measures for their defence—that even the patriotic party cannot rid themselves of their antient prejudices against the Nation which is certainly best able to help them out of their deplorable state, and seems generously disposed to do it. This party, I am told, flatter themselves that something essential will be done, on the return of the Duke of V—. I wish sincerely they may not be deceived in their hopes.
Inclosed you will receive the paper mentioned in my last, which I have this day obtained, and according to my promise I send it to you by the earliest opportunity. You have it unaccompanied with any of my observations, not only because your own penetration and sound judgment render them altogether needless, but on one other account which I leave you to conjecture; but for this last I shou’d have troubled you with a few upon matter dehors, but not wholly foreign to it. I wish to keep you as fully informed of every thing in this quarter which relates to our common concerns as I am able. I shall hope for the like favour from you.
I beg you to present my regards to Mr: T. and all other friends near you. I am, dear Sir, with the greatest esteem & respect, your Friend & obedt: hble Servt:

F D

P.S. Please to give Mr: T. a commission to purchase for me a Secretaire like the one in your front room at which you used to write. Let him see that the Locks upon it are strong and good—that it be carefully put up in a substantial and well secured box—and forwarded to Messrs: Strahlborn & Wolff. Let him put into it all the things he means to forward to me, and send the keys with it. Let it come in the first neutral bottom that shall sail in the Spring from Amsterdam for this port. Mr. De Neufville or Messrs: De Lande & Finji will be able to give him notice of an opportunity and perhaps take the trouble to send it on as directed. Let no time be lost in getting it ready. Do contrive to furnish me with a Sett of the Journals of Congress. If our friend J L. has sent the Confederation for which I wrote, as I suppose by Mr: T.’s letter he has done, pray desire Mr: Cerisier to make an elegant translation of it into French together with the Instrument of Ratification, for me, and pay him on my account whatever you think he will think a generous reward for his trouble, and let it come on as above. Mr: T. wou’d oblige me much by procuring of Mr: Luzac his Gazettes which contain his translation of our Constitution, as finally agreed upon.


Title: To John Adams from C. W. F. Dumas, 23 February 1782
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

La haie 23e. Fevr. 1782
Monsieur

La maison que Votre Excellence m’a ordonné d’acheter Vous appartient depuis hier au Soir, que nous en avons passé le Contrat de vente par-devant notaires de la main à la main, pour quatorze mille cinquante deux et demi florins, je dis ƒ14052.10s argent courant, et franc de tous fraix, d’Hollande, de votre part, moyennant quoi le Vendeur est tenu de vous livrer au premier de May prochain la maison à son tour, telle que vous l’avez vue, franche de toutes dettes et autres charges. Pour condition, j’ai dû promettre dans le Contrat de payer à compte, avant le 1er. de Mars prochain, la somme de ƒ8000, (c’est pour acquitter l’hypotheque pour la quelle la maison est hypothéquée) et les ƒ6052.10 restants avant le premier de May prochain, lorsque le transport se fera en forme. Pour cet effet, j’ai tiré aujourd’hui à mon ordre, et endossé à celui de Mrs. Moliere fils & Ce., une Lettre de change de ƒ10,000 argt. court. d’Hollande, contre laquelle il m’a donné deux reçus payables au porteur, l’un, de ƒ8000, que je remettrai au Notaire, l’autre de ƒ2000, dont je disposerai chez Mrs. Moliere moi-même, à mesure que j’aurai besoin de deniers comptants pour acquitter les fraix du pays et autres pour l’achat, &c. et après, vous tenir compte, Monsieur, du solde. Quant aux ƒ6052.10 restants, je les tirerai pareillement sur vous, pour pouvoir les payer avant le 1er. May, lorsque le transport se fera. Mon Notaire, qui est aussi celui de l’Hotel de France, me délivrera Lundi prochain une Copie du Contrat passé hier, laquelle j’espere de vous porter moi-même, dès que j’aurai arrangé le payement de l’achat et des fraix. Je crois devoir vous avertir, Monsieur, de la condition d’usage constant, enoncée aussi dans le contrat, que la maison est dès la signature d’hier aux périls et risques de l’acheteur, afin que, pour votre tranquillité, vous puissiez la faire assurer, si vous le jugez à propos.
Au reste, j’ai marchandé tout ce qui étoit possible, jusqu’au dernier instant, et le Vendeur a eu justement le temps encore de faire arrêter la vente publique. Par-là je vous ai épargné, Monsieur, ƒ700 de fraix de plus au moins, outre ceux d’un repas. On en avoit offert ƒ13000 mardi passé; et j’ai eu soin de m’assurer depuis, que je ne l’aurois pas eue à moins de ƒ14000, à la dite Vente publique. Je me flatte donc que ma conduite à tous égards méritera votre approbation, et que vous voudrez bien Monsieur, m’apprendre, par un mot de réponse, que vous êtes content de moi, et recevoir mon compliment sur cette acquisition, et mes voeux pour que vous en jouissiez avec santé et toutes sortes de satisfactions, avec un plaisir égal à la sincérité et l’abondance du coeur qui vous les présente.
Le moment après la signature du Contrat, je courus à l’hôtel de France (quoiqu’il y eût Bal), prier le Secretaire de M. le Duc de la Vauguyon, d’en informer Son Excellence et l’on vient de me dire, que ce matin le Coureur de M. le Duc de Brunswick est allé à notre Hôtel, s’informer de laffaire auprès de la Comtesse.
Votre respectable et excellente qualité est couchée duement dans le Contrat, ainsi que celle de votre serviteur.

Enfin, nous avons une Maison Américaine à La Haie noble, et telle qu’il convient à la dignité du Représentant des E.U., et je vous ferai voir à loisir, Monsieur, qu’avec le plaisir de la propriété, vous avez celui d’habiter pour une rente très modérée.
Je me réjouis de l’éclat que cette affaire fera certainement ici dès aujourd’hui. Made. la Comtesse de Wickrad (Vendeur) m’a chargé de ses complimens pour V. E., et de vous dire, que le regret de sortir de sa maison, et d’y perdre ƒ2000 d’achat et ƒ2000 de réparation, a été adouci, lorsque je lui ai dit le nom de l’Acheteur; ce que je n’ai fait que lors de la confection du Contrat: et qu’en bonne conscience, lorsque les Etats-Unis auront eu les succès qu’elle leur desire, ils la dedommageront.
Permettez une place ici à mes respects pour Mrs. Barclai et Thaxter, et soyez assuré de celui, et de l’attachement inviolable, avec lequel je suis pour toujours, Monsieur Votre très-humble & très-obéissant serviteur

Dumas

P.S. Je crois, et d’autres amis aussi, qu’il convient de dire, que vous ne quittez le sejour d’Amsterdam que pour la raison de votre santé: comme cela est vrai.


Title: C. W. F. Dumas to John Adams: A Translation, 23 February 1782
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

The Hague, 23 February 1782
Sir

The house that your Excellency commissioned me to buy is yours as of last night. We presented a sales contract on your behalf before the notaries for fourteen thousand fifty-two and a half florins, ƒ14,052.10s in Dutch currency, free of all fees, in return for which the seller will relinquish possession of the house on May 1st, just as you have seen it, free of all debts and other costs. As a condition of the contract, I promised the sum of ƒ8,000, payable upon receipt, to be made before March 1st. This is to pay off the existing mortgage. The remaining ƒ6,052.10 will be paid next May 1st when the transfer takes place. In order to do this, today I withdrew a bill of exchange, payable to me, for ƒ10,000 Dutch currency, endorsed by Mr. Moliere fils & Co., against which he gave me two receipts payable to the bearer. One is for ƒ8,000, which I will give to the notary, and the other is for ƒ2,000, which I will leave at Mr. Moliere’s myself. This is in case I need any ready money for fees and anything else concerning the purchase, after you take account, sir, of the balance. As for the remaining ƒ6,052.10, I will withdraw the funds from your account in order to pay it before May 1st, when the transfer takes place. My notary, as well as the one from the hotel de France, will send me a copy of the contract which I hope to be able to deliver to you myself, as soon as I have arranged for payment of the sale and fees. I must inform you, sir, that according to customary terms stated in the contract, the buyer assumes all responsibility of the property’s perils and risks as of yesterday’s signing and therefore, for your peace of mind, you can insure it if you think it is necessary.
Moreover, I bargained up until the last moment and the seller had just enough time to stop a public auction. Because of this, I saved you, sir, ƒ700 in fees more or less, in addition to the cost of a meal. Last Tuesday, there was an offer made for ƒ13,000, and I have since then checked to make certain that I would not have had it for less than ƒ14,000 at the public auction. I flatter myself that my behavior, in all respects, will meet with your approval and that you would be so kind, sir, as to send me a word that you are happy with me. Please receive my compliments on this acquisition, and my wishes that you enjoy it, in good health, and with many satisfactions, equal to the sincerity and heartfelt feelings of the one who presents them to you.
Immediately after signing the contract, I ran to the Hôtel de France (even though there was a ball) and asked La Vauguyon’s secretary to inform his Excellency of the sale. I was told that this morning, the Duke of Brunswick’s courier went to our residence to inquire about the transaction with the countess.
Your respectable and excellent character is duly inserted in the contract, as well as that of your servant.
Finally we have an American residence at The Hague, noble and suitable for the dignity of an American representative. I will show it to you, at leisure, sir, and with the pleasure of ownership, you will inhabit it at a very moderate outlay of funds.
I rejoice at the noise this business will certainly make from now on. Madame Countess Wickrad (the seller) sends you her compliments and asked me to tell you that the hardships of leaving her house, losing ƒ2,000 in the sale and another ƒ2000 in repairs, were softened when I told her the name of the buyer. This I did not do until the contract was prepared, and in good conscience I told her that she would be compensated as soon as the United States had the successes that she desired for them.
Allow me to add here my respects for Mr. Barclay and Mr. Thaxter and be assured of my respect and inviolable attachment, with which I remain, sir, your very humble and very obedient servant

Dumas

P.S. I believe, as well as others do, that it would be best to say that you are leaving Amsterdam for health reasons. This way it is true.


Title: From John Adams to C. W. F. Dumas, 24 February 1782
From: Adams, John
To: Dumas, Charles William Frederic

Amsterdam Feb. 24. 1782
Sir

Your favour of the 23, is just come to hand, and I thank you for your Care and skill in the Purchase of the house, and will do honour to your Bills, whenever they appear, by paying the Cash.
Madam La Comtesse de Wickrad, according to your Relation, made me and our states, a most elegant Compliment, for which you will be so good if you please to make my acknowledgments.
Cant it be made convenient, for me to receive Possession of the House forthwith. I should prefer that and would pay the Remainder of the Money immediately, in which Case, I would remove at once Some Beds &c at least into it.

Adieu
J. Adams


Title: C. W. F. Dumas to John Adams: A Translation, 24 February 1782
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

The Hague, 24 February 1782
Sir

Mr. Moliere, merchant in your city, will have presented to you this morning, my letter of advice and bill for ƒ10,000, payable upon receipt, concerning the transaction here. Many people have told me how delighted they are with this news. The Anglomanes remain silent. One of the more outraged ones asked me yesterday if it were, in fact, true. I told him yes, and that he was seeing before him the instigator and perpetrator of this offense. He gave no reply.
This letter is principally to inform you, sir, that I know for certain that the state of Friesland resolved to recognize American independence. I have reason to hope that something else will happen in support of this step. Let us stay our course and see what happens. Meantime the bad weather will pass, you will get your residence here in order, and then we can make our rounds together which will benefit us as much politically as physically. I hope to receive some news from you tomorrow, particularly to hear that you are in good health. My wife and daughter send you their regards. You know the extent of my respect for you with which I remain, sir, your very humble and very obedient servant

Dumas


Title: C. W. F. Dumas to John Adams: A Translation, 25 February 1782
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

The Hauge, Monday 25 February 1782
Sir

I was happy to be informed, by your honored letter of yesterday, of your approval of my conduct.
I went immediately to see the countess of Wickrad, who told me that she could not finish her business here, among other things the transfer of the house, sooner than May 1st. If she is able to gain some time, contrary to present expectations, she will alert me to it. To my regret, things must stay the same then, since I would very much like to have you here today rather than tomorrow. I had already inquired about it before finishing Friday, but she said no. This does not mean that you cannot empty your house in Amsterdam, and load all of your effects and send them on one boat to arrive on May 1st. The next day your house will be open for them to be placed there, and then on the 3rd of May, to be arranged according to your wishes. Then, if need be, the countess will not have to leave the house before May 3rd and therefore it will cost you less money.
When the courier asked the Countess about the buyer, her reply was that the house was bought for Congress. There is nothing bad about that. This must have caused a pleasant sensation.
After having asked if what had been assured me was as certain as what I had been told, the answer was that if the resolution were not already passed, it would be soon.
Back to the house business, I am extremely distressed at the situation that my wife and I find ourselves in, that is, that we must also move before next May 1st. Because of steps taken for this year at the end of last year, I rented rooms for me here beginning this month, and my wife and daughter are preparing to leave on May 1st, or perhaps sooner, for our farm in Gelder. They will pass the summer there and the winter here or elsewhere depending on our circumstances. It is regrettable, sir, that I cannot offer you my wife’s assistance, in addition to my own, on which you can rely. Her assistance is superior to mine regarding home repairs, furniture arrangement, new purchases, cleaning, etc., because of the precautions, care, and economy that women generally understand better than men do. She deeply shares with me the mortification of this contretemps, and we would, with all our hearts, remedy it if we could. If I had anticipated what was going to happen, I would have been able to retain the house for another year. But there is no more time. This house is rented to another tenant and we must leave as I said.
There is a man here, who, after learning who bought the house, offered me an assortment of wall coverings and curtains. I will go to see them as soon as I recover from a small upset. I will then ask my wife to go see them also to check if they are as beautiful and well priced as this man says. If she thinks the color and size would be suitable for your best rooms, I will talk to you or write to you about them in more detail.
Also I was offered a nice cast iron stove that was used for only one winter in the servants’ vestibule of an envoy here who passed away. It is still completely new. I know it was bought for 7 ducats. I could have it for 28 or 30 florins because the person who told me about it wanted it for himself, but it was too big for his apartment. But first it must be decided upon. If you want it, sir, I will buy it for you. It does not close at the bottom and one has the pleasure of watching it like a fire in a hearth.
After reading to my wife what I wrote about her in this letter, she told me that she will write to you herself regarding your move, and especially regarding the cleaning of your house here before your furniture arrives. I will send her letter as soon as I have it.
I do not know if I told you, sir, of the remark generally being made here. It is being said that it has been France and Spain who have had residences here exclusively, and now America has equaled them in stature.

By chance, I heard talk that we will soon be spared from certain espionage here. My compliments to Mr. Barclay and Mr. Thaxter. I am with great respect, sir, your very humble and very obedient Servant

Dumas


Title: To John Adams from C. W. F. Dumas, 25 February 1782
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

LaHaie 2625e. fevr. 1782
Monsieur

Dans une Lettre de ce même jour, qui est déjà à la Poste, j’ai oublié de vous faire part d’un Article essentiel, qui est, que le Rapport de Mr. Van den Santheuvel le Président, fait à L. H. P. de votre derniere Requisition, a été pris ad referendum le dernier jour de l’Assemblée d’Hollde, par toutes les Villes de cette Province. Nous verrons ce qui en résultera. Les Etats se rassembleront demain mercredi en huit.

A la hâte M. V. t h. &. t. o. S.
Dumas


Title: C. W. F. Dumas to John Adams: A Translation, 25 February 1782
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

The Hague, 26 25 February 1782
Sir

In a letter of this same day, which I have already mailed, I forgot to include some essential news. President van den Santheuvel’s report made to the high mightinesses of your last requisition, was taken ad referendum on the last day of the Dutch assembly, by all cities of this province. We will see what will come of it. The states will reconvene a week from tomorrow.

In haste, Sir, your very humble and very obedient servant,
Dumas


Title: From John Adams to Robert R. Livingston, 27 February 1782
From: Adams, John
To: Livingston, Robert R.

No. 3.Duplicate
Amsterdam Feby. 27th 1782
Sir

Friesland has at last taken the Provincial Resolution to acknowledge the Independence, of which United America is in full Possession.

It is thought that several Cities of Holland will soon follow their Example, and some say it will be followed forthwith by the whole Republick. The first Burgomaster of this City has said within a few days past, that in six Weeks at furthest, the Independence of America would be acknowledged by all Seven of the United Provinces: but I have no Expectation of such Haste. This Government does nothing with such Celerity.
By what I hear and read of their Speculations, it seems to me that the general Sense is at present not to shackle themselves with any Treaties either with France or Spain, nor to make any Treaty of Alliance, nor to make even a Treaty of Commerce with America as yet for a considerable Time, but for the several Members of the Sovereignty one after another to acknowledge the Independence of America in the manner that Friesland has done; and for the States, the Prince and the Admiralties to exert themselves in preparing a Fleet to command the North Sea, and wash out some of the Stains in their Character, which the English have so unjustly thrown upon it, in their Blood. There is a loud Cry for Vengeance, a stern demand of a Fleet and a Battle with the English, and if the Court contrive to elude it, the Stadholder will run a great Risque of his Power.
Sensible and candid Men tell me, We wait for Spain and We wait for Russia. We wont make any Treaty with You. It is of no great Importance to Us or to You. We see there is a tremendous Power arising in the West. We cant meddle much: but We will at all Events be your good Friends. Whoever quarrels with You, We will not.
In short I expect no Treaty. I dont expect that our Independence will be acknowledged by all the Provinces for a long Time. Nevertheless, it appears to me of indispensible Importance that a Minister should reside constantly here vested with the same Powers from Congress, with which they have honoured me: for which Reason, having the Offer of a large and elegant House in a fine Situation on a noble Spot of Ground at the Hague, at a very reasonable Rate, I have, in pursuance of the Advice of Mr. Barclay, Mr. Dumas and other Friends, purchased it and shall remove into it on or before the first of May. In Case I should be recalled, or obliged to go away upon other Services, any Minister that Congress may appoint here in my Room will find an House ready furnished at the Hague ready for him.
The Negotiation for the Purchase was conducted secretly: but when it came to be known, I am informed it gave a great deal of Satisfaction in general.

To pay for it, I have applied all the Money I had of Mr. de Neufville’s Loan, and some Cash of my own which I brought with me from America, and for the second Payment I must borrow of a Friend, if Dr. Franklin cannot furnish the Money, for which indeed I dont love to ask him, he has so many Demands upon him from every Quarter. The House, including Purchases and Charges &c will amount to about sixteen thousand Guilders ten thousand of which I paid yesterday. I have been obliged to take the Title in my own Name, but shall transfer it to the United States as soon as they are acknowledged, and the Account can be settled, provided Congress approve of the Transaction, otherwise I shall take the Risque upon myself and sell it again. I shall live hereafter at a smaller Rent than I ever did before, tho’ in an House much superior.


Title: To John Adams from Benjamin Mends, 27 February 1782
From: Mends, Benjamin
To: Adams, John

Plymo Feby. 27th/82

Doubt not but the tender-feelings of humanity your Excellency possesses will render an apology needless for addressing you on a subject wch so nearly concerns all who are friends to the poor American Prisoners. I have fail’d not to visit them as often as their hard hearted Jaylor wd permit, and have done all in my power to alleviate their miseries. The money your Excellency was so kind as to remit I have given wch were 5 guineas one to each for wch they were extremly thankful. But their returning exegence have urged them to send you the inclos’d Petition wch was deliver’d to me to be forwarded to your Excellency wch hope will come safe. It is a great pity there is not a private Agent appointed here for their relief and particularly those discharged fm the ships as not being found in Arms many of those poor men are dischargd in a strange Country without money, Clothes or Friends wch a few here have been generous unto and sent them off in Nutral Vessels. Coll Richardson promisd to us to effect this laudable design, and spoke to his Excellency B. Frankling and as he cd not succed wrote me fm Parris that he shall lay it before Congress wch hope will have the desired success what ever yr Excellency may think proper to remit at any time shall be cherfully appli’d by your Excellency Most Obedient Humble st

B Mends


Title: From John Adams to John Jay, 28 February 1782
From: Adams, John
To: Jay, John

Amsterdam Feby. 28th 1782
Sir

I have the pleasure to inform You, that Friesland has taken the Provincial Resolution to acknowledge the Sovereignty of the United States of America, and to admit their Minister to an Audience, and have instructed their Deputies in the Assembly of their high Mightinesses at the Hague to make the Motion in eight days from this.
The States of Holland have also taken my last Requisition and transmitted it to the several Cities, and tomorrow it is to be taken into Consideration in the Regency of Amsterdam. Dort has made a Motion in the States of Holland to acknowledge American Independence, and admit me to an Audience. Their high Mightinesses have encouraging News from Petersbourg and from the East and West Indies; so that at present there are Appearances that our Affairs, will go well here, and come to a speedy Treaty. If any thing should delay it, it will be the Example of Spain; but I don’t believe that will a great while. One thing is past a doubt, if Spain should now make a Treaty with You, this Republick would immediately follow the Example, which, if any thing can, would accelerate the Negotiations for Peace.
By the 10th. Article of the Treaty of Alliance between France and America, the Parties agree to invite in Concert other Powers to make Common Cause and accede. Permit me to suggest an Idea. Suppose You write to the French Ambassador at Madrid, and cite the Words of that 10th. Article, and request him to join You in an Invitation to the King of Spain. Excuse this Freedom. You will judge whether it will do.
I should be exceedingly obliged to You for the earliest Intelligence, whether there is any prospect with You or not.

With great Esteem and Respect, I have the Honor to be, Sir, your most obedient & most humble Servant.
J. Adams


Title: From John Adams to the Duc de La Vauguyon, 1 March 1782
From: Adams, John
To: La Vauguyon, Paul François de Quélen de Stuer de Causade, Duc de

Sir
Amsterdam March 1st. 1782

As Friesland has taken the provincial Resolution to acknowledge the Independence of America, it seems to be high time for me to prepare for the Execution of my Instructions from Congress of the 16th. of August, which I had the honor to communicate to You on the 25th of November, and which had been previously communicated to the Minister of foreign Affairs at Versailles.
From these Instructions, it appears, that his most Christian Majesty had made, by his Minister, to Congress a Tender of his Endeavors to accomplish a Coalition between the United Provinces of the Netherlands and the United States; and that this tender was accepted by Congress as a fresh proof of his Majesty’s solicitude for their Interests.
By another Resolution, I am instructed to propose a Treaty of Alliance between his most Christian Majesty, the United Provinces of the Netherlands and the United States of America, having for its object and limited in its Duration to the present War with Great Britain and conformed to the Treaties subsisting between his most Christian Majesty and the United States.
The System of Operations was thus settled at Philadelphia between the King, by his Minister, and the Congress, and for obvious and wise Reasons the Minister of Congress at the Hague was to make the Proposition to their H. Mightinesses, and the Ambassador of his Majesty was to countenance and support it either publickly or privately, as he should judge proper, until the States General should listen to it, so far as to enter into the Negotiation.

In pursuance of these Principles, it seems to be necessary for me to go to the President of their H. Mightinesses, and without offering him any thing in writing, to make him the Proposition in the Words of the inclosed Project, or others equivalent.
Friesland has taken so decided a Part, and the other Provinces, especially Holland, are animated with such a Spirit, that I cannot but flatter myself such a Proposition would now run with Rapidity through the seven Provinces, and contribute very much to accelerate the Period of this bloody and ruinous War.
I have the honor to request your Excellency’s Sentiments upon the Subject, and to be, with the most sincere and inviolable attachment, your Excellency’s most obedient and most humble Servant.


Title: Enclosure: A Draft Proposal for an Alliance with the States General of the Netherlands, 1 March 1782
From: Adams, John
To: La Vauguyon, Paul François de Quélen de Stuer de Causade, Duc de

Monsieur

I have done myself the honor of this Conference, in order to desire You to inform their H. M., that by the tenth Article of the Treaty of Alliance between France and the United States of America, the most Christian King and the United States sont convenues d’inviter de Concert, ou d’admettre les Puissances, qui auront de griefs contre l’Angleterre à faire cause commune avec eux, et à acceder à la present Alliance, sous les Conditions qui seront librement agrées et convenues entre toutes les Parties. That the United States have lately transmitted to their Minister Plenipotentiary at the Hague, a fresh Commission, with full Powers general and special, to confer, treat, agree and conclude, with the Person or Persons vested with equal Powers by his most Christian Majesty and their H. Mightinesses the States General of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, of and concerning a Treaty of Alliance, between his most Christian Majesty, the United Provinces of the Netherlands and the United States of America, having for its Object, and limited in its Duration to the present War with Great Britain, and conformed to the Treaties subsisting between his most Christian Majesty and the United States.
As it is most certain that no Member of this Republick, nor any impartial Power of Europe can deny it to be “une Puissance qui a des griefs contre l’Angleterre”; in the Name and Behalf of the said United States, and in obedience to their express Instructions, and in Virtue of the said tenth Article of the said Treaty of Alliance, I have the honor to propose such a triple Alliance to their H. Mightinesses the States General.
A Combination of the Councils and Arms of all those Powers against whom Great Britain, in the Wantonness of her Ambition, has declared War, appears to be the easiest and the only certain Method of preventing the unnecessary Effusion of human Blood, which is not however more sacred nor precious in the sight of Americans than in that of your H. Mightinesses, and the other Powers of Europe—the only Way of bringing this War to a speedy Conclusion for the Happiness of Mankind—the only Way in which a safe, solid and honorable Peace can be soon obtained by any of the Powers at War: but if their H. Mightinesses should be of a different Opinion, they are the supreme Judges of the Policy of this Nation and have their own Choice; and America, with the generous Assistance of her august and glorious Ally, can sustain the War in future for any given Period of time, with as little Inconvenience as any other of the belligerent Powers.
Upon this Occasion moreover, I take the liberty to repeat the Requisition of the ninth of January of a categorical Answer to the demand of an Audience of their H. Mightinesses of the fourth of May last, because, whether their High Mightinesses shall think fit or not to enter into the proposed triple or quadruple Alliance; whether they shall think fit or not to enter into the proposed Treaty of Amity and Commerce with the United States, it seems indispensibly necessary that their H. Mightinesses should declare whether they consider the United States as an independent State or not; whether they consider their Inhabitants as Friends or Enemies, that the Men of War, Privateers and Merchants of each Nation may know how to govern themselves in Relation to the subject of Prizes and Reprisals at Sea.


Title: To John Adams from C. W. F. Dumas, 1 March 1782
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

1er. Mars 1782

Monsieur

Le Fort Philippe pris le 4e. fevr. sans capitulation Garnison (2500 h) prisonniere. Je le tiens de Mr. l’Ambassadeur même, qui l’a annoncé ce matin au Prince. Je vous en félicite. Voilà un bon toast pour votre Dimanche. J’attends réponse à la mienne derniere. Je viens de payer les 8000ƒ, et demain je commencerai par le paiement des fraix. Bonne nouvelle de Frise. Je travaille ici à quelque chose d’interessant, que je vous communiquerai en son temps coram.

Je suis avec respect & pour toujrs. Monsieur V. t. h. &. t. o. s.
Dumas


Title: From John Adams to Samuel Adams, 2 March 1782
From: Adams, John
To: Adams, Samuel

Amsterdam March 2. 1782
My dear sir

Your kind Favour by the Marquis, I have received, and it touched a thousand tender Springs, in my heart. You suppose I am informed of every Thing that passes at Philadelphia, but I am not: I never was and never shall be informed of any Thing that passes there but the Results in the Journals &c.

I am very happy to learn that you are acquainted with my good Friend Mr De L’Etombe, who is a very deserving Character.
Things always go on better with you than any where else. I thank you Sir for the Sensible and manly Proceedings of the Town of Boston, which I shall make the best Use of, in my Power.
I have one favour to beg of you. There is a Gentleman in this Town whose Name is Cerisier, who is one of the greatest Wits, and Historians in Europe, and the best grounded in the American Principles of any Man I have found in Europe. He is the author of a most elegant and masterly History of the Dutch Nation, and has carried on a weekly Paper for the last twelve Months, under the Title of the Dutch Politician, which has in my opinion done more Service in Europe to the American Cause than can be expressed. The Favour I beg is that you would get him elected a Member of our Academy of Arts and Sciences. It will be of service to the society, and to America in General but especially to me, in my public affairs here. Yet I wish you would only Show this in Confidence to Such Gentlemen as you think proper without making it publick, or giving any Copy of it. Mr Cerisier of Amsterdam, is description enough. There is also a Mr Mariènne of this Town whom I would recommend to the same honour after Mr Cerisier. He is author of a Traite generale du commerce and wishes to write upon American Commerce and to correspond with the society for that End.
Minorca is taken and the British house of Commons came within one Vote of discontinuing the American War. Forlorn indeed is the Condition of Great Britain.
I hope to Spend a few years with you in endeavorg to compleat the System of our Ancestors for a national Education of youth, which is all I have remaining at my heart. Every Thing else is secure.

Affectionately yours.


Title: To John Adams from Francis Dana, 4 March 1782
From: Dana, Francis
To: Adams, John

St: Petersbourg Feby 21st./March 4th. 1782
Dear Sir

I had the pleasure of your favour of the 5th. inst: that is to say of Feby, on the 17/28th of the same month. You have, in my opinion, pointed out the only certain way to solid glory; but some folks look for it to the direct opposite point of the Compass, by which means they will miss of it, and the promotion of their best Interests, till they face to the right about. When our inclinations have been long habituated to a certain course ’tis with great difficulty we can change it; and perhaps every observant spectator sees the propriety of this alteration before we do ourselves. However this is our consolation that we shall not suffer any direct Injury, or great inconvenience, though they shou’d continue awhile longer in their old course. Things, so far as they respect us, will probably remain in Europe, in nearly their present state for another year: Though, in the mean time, our Cause will be making its way every where, in spight of open or secret Enemies. If a certain connection shou’d depend upon the passing away of a certain affair which you mention, I believe, the obstacle will soon be removed. For the Empress and the ministry|| themselves have no expectation of its succeeding; so that the change, if any there, cou’d not, one wou’d think, but be for the better. I wish you cou’d give me stronger hopes—Sweden and Denmark are very well contented, for obvious reasons, that there shou’d be no change there, whatever they may pretend to the contrary.
I have not seen the Letters of Mr: D. to which you allude. I was told that there was one in an Engh Paper, in Town, but have not been able to procure it or even to obtain an account of its contents, only that my name or rather I was mentioned in it, as having come to Russia in a public character. I hope that Gentleman has been careful to say no good of me; as much evil as he pleases. I shou’d be glad to obtain a sight of the letters however, for it is my maxim Fas est ab hoste doceri.It seems you have seen another letter written to me, and have been for a while much diverted with it. That same person is apt at times to be a little waggish. It is an hereditary failing you know, and therefore the more easily to be pardoned. But what think you of those self created Judges? It wou’d seem they have been, or at least wou’d be thought to have been let into the Cabinet. But what a judgment! And yet I can’t say they had not some grounds for their Severity. I wish to see the copies of the letters upon which, it seems their judgment must have been grounded, and which it is intimated by one of the Court, will be transmitted to me. You do not even speak of them. Who are they from? Tell me that, and if it is improper to send them on, I shall be able to conjecture the nature of their contents. How soon my Enemies may effect their purpose gives me very little concern. They dare not accuse me of betraying the Interests of my Country. I have no terror of their accusations.

 Adieu my dear Sir, I am your’s affectionately
FRA DANA

P.S. I thank you for the copy of Mr: Guild’s Letter. I yesterday received a letter from our Secretary for foreign Affairs. I presume it is a circular one.


Title: To John Adams from Edmund Jenings, 4 March 1782
From: Jenings, Edmund
To: Adams, John

Brussels March 4th. 1782
Sir

I have the Honor of receiving your Excellencys Letter of the 21st ultimo and by the next post to England executed your Excellencys Command with respect to our unhappy Countrymen, who I doubt not will soon receive the relief, your Excellency has sent them.
I wrote at the same time what I had in Command from your Excellency about Mr Lawrens. A Letter lately come to hand from my Friend tells me that His Health is much better, but says no more about Him.
Give me Leave, Sir, to thank your Excellency for paying on my account Eight Ducats to Messrs De Neufville. I Hope to discharge my obligation to you soon on that account.
Your Excellency will do me the Honor to accept my Congratulations on the rumors lately receivd from S Carolina, and on the Confirmed news of the taking of Minorca. It is a greater blow on the English than they will be ready to acknowledge because it is of little Consequence in the present war. But it must be of importance, if ever they attempt to recover the mediterranean Trade. I find by the Capitulation that the Troops are not to Act against Spain or her allies. As america does not come under the latter description they may be sent there as the Pensacola Prisoners were—this Confers no Obligation on France or Us.
I have heard that the Russians Troops have marched into or about Dantzic to protect that City against the Prussian Impositions on the Vistula. The King of Prussia sees perhaps by this and many other events, that there is a design to Quarrel with Him, and therefore He may break out first. But the Combination is agst Him, and he has no allies. He has endeavourd it is said to get money from England, but she is affraid He will not use it to Serve Her Interest but his own. The Emperor is raising his Army to 250,000 men. The officers here are ordered to buy their Horses.
Has your Excellency heard of a remarkable debate in the House of Commons the week before last, on the motion of General Conway, to discontinue the war agst the United States. It Continued to three oClock in the Morning with the utmost Heat, in the Course of which Lord North said with much rage that some words, which had dropt from Col Barré were brutal, on which his Lordship was called to order, whereupon He apologized by saying in general that He had exceeded his Usual moderation. This not contenting the opposition, He asked Pardon of the House, but the Friends of Col Barré not being satisfied, He asked the Colonels pardon. Likewise, General Conway having said, that England might Treat of Peace with America, because there were Gentlemen authorizd for that purpose not far off. Welbore Ellis, the new Secretary of State, said that He found no such information among his Official Papers, and that the war now was not an American but a French one. The minister carried His Point by one Voice only the numbers being 194 to 193. This gave the minority such encouragement that it proposes to renew the same Question in other words. I have not yet seen the debates, but I am told it was a most masterly one. As the assizes are beginning I expect to hear that the Grand Juries will address the Crown on the Subject of the American war and against the whole administration of English Affairs.
If the news of the Taking fort st Philips had arrivd before the opening of the Budget it woud have cost the nation something more to raise the Supplies, as it is it may sink the Profit of the Subscribers by lowering the Stocks.

I am with the greatest Consideration Sir your Excellencys most Faithful & Obedient Humble Servant
Edm: Jenings


Title: To John Adams from the Duc de La Vauguyon, 4 March 1782
From: La Vauguyon, Paul François de Quélen de Stuer de Causade, Duc de
To: Adams, John

Lahaye ce 4 mars 1782

J’ay recu Monsieur La Lettre que vous m’avez fait L’honneur de m’ecrire d’amsterdame Le 1er. de ce mois. Je ne suis pas en mesure d’avoir celui d’y repondre comme ministre Du Roy, n’etant muni d’aucune instruction ulterieure sur L’obet qui y est developé; mais puisque vous voulez bien me demander Mon sentiment personel je vous L’exposerai avec La plus entiere sincerité.
Après avoir tres serieusement refléchi sur Les vuës, que vous me communiquez, quelque soit mon penchant a adopter vos opinions, je ne sçaurois m’empêcher d’appercevoir beaucoup d’inconvenients a L’exécution du plan que vous me paroissez vous proposer de Suivre; Je craindrois qu’il ne retardat Le succes definitif au lieu de l’accelerer et je crois etre tres fondé a penser ainsi. J’aurai l’honneur de vous developer plus amplement de vive voix les motifs qui m’y déterminent, si comme M. Dumas me L’a fait esperer, vous venez dans quelques jours a la haye.

Recevez Monsieur une nouvelle assurance des Sentiments inviolables d’attachement et de Consideration avec les quels j’ay L’honneur d’etre Votre tres humble et tres obeissant Serviteur,
Le Duc De la vauguyon


Title: The Duc de La Vauguyon to John Adams: A Translation, 4 March 1782
From: La Vauguyon, Paul François de Quélen de Stuer de Causade, Duc de
To: Adams, John

The Hague, 4 March 1782

I have received, sir, the letter that you did me the honor to write from Amsterdam on the 1st of this month. I am unable to answer it in the capacity of a minister of the King, not having any further instructions on the subject to which it relates, but as you have the goodness to request my private opinion, I will give it to you with the greatest sincerity.
After having very seriously reflected on the views which you have communicated to me, whatever my inclination to adopt your opinions, I cannot conceal from myself the inconveniences attending the execution of the plan, which you appear disposed to pursue. I should fear that it might retard rather than accelerate the ultimate success, and I believe that I am very well found in thinking as I do. I shall have the honor of explaining more fully in conversation the motives which convince me if, as Mr. Dumas gives me reason to hope, you should visit The Hague in the course of a few days.

Receive, sir, renewed assurances of the sentiments of sincere attachment and consideration with which I have the honor to be your most humble and most obedient servant,
Le Duc De la vauguyon


Title: To John Adams from C. W. F. Dumas, 5 March 1782
From: Dumas, Charles William Frederic
To: Adams, John

Lahaie 5e. Mars 1782
Monsieur

Quoique j’aie loué des Chambres ici pour moi, et que mon Epouse et ma fille ayent pris des mesures pour passer l’Eté à la Campagne et l’hiver à Gertrudemberg, cela ne nous empêchera point d’entrer de tout notre coeur dans le projet que vous proposez; et nous nous promettons d’en rendre l’exécution aussi agréable et avantageuse pour V. Exc quelle le sera pour nous. J’en serai quitte pour payer une année de mes chambres, et quelque dédommagement à ceux qui avoient pris des mesures pour loger ma famille cet hiver, et ma femme, pour reculer et abréger son voyage à la Campagne. Revêtue chez vous de l’autorité qu’y auroit Madame Adams sur les Domestiques, elle saura très-bien tenir toute la maison en ordre, et faire ensorte qu’une juste oeconomie vous fasse autant et plus d’honneur que la dissipation, qui n’est que trop ordinaire dans d’autres maisons.
Quant aux appartemens, je suis sûr qu’il y en aura assez et de reste pour nous tous dans l’Hotel, indépendamment de ceux que vous réserverez pour votre usage, et pour recevoir du monde.
Comme nous nous sommes réduits depuis plusieurs années à une seule Servante pour tout Domestique dans notre Ménage, notre accession, Monsieur, au vôtre n’augmentera le nombre des vôtres tout au plus que de cette fille. Je dis tout au plus: car, après que tout sera réglé dans la maison nous pensons que le nombre auquel vous vous êtes borné à Amsterdam, pourra suffire.
Au reste cet arrangement là, et celui des Chambres, pourra beaucoup mieux se faire de bouche, que par Lettres. Nous espérons donc que vous pourrez, le plutôt le mieux, venir faire un tour ici. Vous verrez alors la maison avec mon Epouse, et quand elle saura vos intentions et votre goût, tout s’arrangera en conséquence. Votre présence d’ailleurs est desirée par l’Ambassadeur, qui a reçu votre derniere Lettre, et qui ne pourra répondre en détail que de bouche. Ainsi la réponse qu’il vous fera par Lettre ne sera qu’en termes généraux. Je vous dirai en attendant, que depuis votre dernier voyage ici les choses ont changé de face, par la démarche réelle que L. H. P. ont faite le 22 du mois passé, en communiquant formellement Les vôtres de May et Janvier dernier aux Etats d’Hollande, qui les ont prises ad referendum comme j’ai eu l’honneur de vous le marquer. Ainsi les Etats-Généraux ne sont plus en faute; et quand nous présenterions vingt Mémoires présentement, ils allegueroient toujours, qu’ils n’ont pas encore les Instructions de leurs Commettants pour les recevoir. Il convient donc de tenir vis-à-vis d’eux la même conduite que tient l’Ambr. de la part de sa Cour, et de voir le tour que prendront les choses en Frise, et en Hollande, puisque votre admission est sur le tapis dans cette derniere, et, selon toute apparence, actuellement résolue dans la premiere. En attendant, rien n’empêche que vous ne veniez soutenir ici le caractere annoncé, jusqu’à-ce qu’on ose dire non: ce qui n’arrivera pas.
Rien ne sera acheté pour l’hôtel, que vous ne l’ayez vu et approuvé. J’ai pris le fourneau: et j’ai dit à l’homme de la Tenture, qu’on n’en a pas besoin. Il ne sera pas touché non plus à rien, jusqu’à-ce que vous ayiez vu et ordonné vous-même les réparations que vous jugerez nécessaires. Il n’est pas possible même d’y rien toucher, puisque le transport ne peut se faire qu’au 1er. May: et alors vous viendrez vous-même l’occuper. J’ajouterai, que dans la dépense journaliere même il ne se fera rien que vous n’ayiez réglé d’avance, et que nous ferons ensorte que vous puissiez voir de semaine en semaine ou toutes les fois que vous le souhaiterez, les comptes en regle dans un Livre. En un mot, nous partirons en honnêtes gens du 1er principe de toute société grande ou petite, de fonder notre bonheur sur le vôtre, tant que nous aurons l’honneur et la satisfaction de demeurer et vivre avec Votre Exce. Recevez-en, Monsieur, ma parole, et celle de mon Epouse. L’expérience la ratifiera dans tous les détails sans exception.
Revenons au politique. Je souhaitte que ce que l’on vous a appris de la Gueldre ne soit point exagéré: elle est encore trop peu à elle-même, pour compter absolument sur ce qu’elle pourra résoudre. Les résolutions de la Frise, et de la Hollande sont plus près de la maturité. Laissons-les y parvenir au grand air, sans les mettre en Serre. Nous en aurons le fruit à meilleur marché.
Mardi prochain les Etats d’Hollande reviennent ici; et le Jeudi suivant 7e sera le jour remarquable où se terminera la grande altercation domestique. Vous pourrez être témoin, Monsieur, de la maniere dont cela finira, si vous venez ici.

Mon Epouse et ma fille présentent leurs respects à V. Exce. Je suis avec celui qui vous est voué pour toujours Monsieur Votre très-humble & très-obéissant serviteur
Dumas

P.S. Le Secretaire de M. le Duc de la Vauguyon vient de m’avertir, qu’il a mis au chariot de Poste parti d’ici pour Amsterdam aujourd’hui à 1 heure, une Lettre de son Excellence pour Vous; si on ne vous l’a portée ce soir, il faudra la faire chercher et réclamer au Bureau du Chariot de Poste à Amsterdam.


Title: To John Adams from Robert R. Livingston, 5 March 1782
From: Livingston, Robert R.
To: Adams, John

No 5. 3plicate
Philadelphia 5th March 1782
Dear sir

I have now before me your letters of the 15th, 17th and 18th of October last. I am sorry to find that your Health has suffered by the climate, but hope that the setting in of the winter has e’er this reestablished it—I am not directed to return any answer to your request to come home, should I obtain the sense of Congress upon it before this is closed, it will be transmitted by this conveyance.
The success of the Allied Arms in America, the recovery of the Dutch Islands, and the avowed superiority of the French in the West Indies, have so changed the face of Affairs, that there is strong reason to believe negotiations will be set on foot this winter. Whether Britain is yet sufficiently humbled to desire peace, is still doubtful, but Whether she is, or is not, She will probably negotiate, in which case your presence in Europe will be necessary, so that I believe you cannot at the most flatter yourself with anything more than a conditional leave to return.
Your state of the decline of Commerce in the United Provinces agrees exactly with that, we have recieved from other hands. I lament that a nation which has such important reasons for exertion, and such means in their power should want vigor to call them forth. They must and will however sooner or later be brought to it. A separate peace with England is now impossible without degrading the character of the Nation, and exposing it to greater Evils, than they are threatened with from England. Besides, what advantages are to be derived from such a peace? Can Britain restore her Conquests now in the hands of the French? can she give back the plunder of St. Eustatia, or the Cargoes of the Indiamen now divided among the Captors? Can she afford them a compensation for the loss of last years commerce? Or can she draw from her exhausted purse sufficient sums to defend the Barrier against the Troops of France, who would certainly avenge herself for such ingratitude?
The distress of the Nation, then, must in the end force them to exertions, and however reluctantly they may go into the war, they must still go into it with vigour. But, Sir, tho’ your letters detail the politicks of the Country, tho’ they very ably explain the nature and general principles of the Government, they leave us in the dark with respect to more important facts. They have not led us into the dock Yards or arsenals, they have not told us what Ships are prepared for Sea, what are preparing, What the naval force will be this Spring, or how it is to be applied. You have not introduced us to any of the leading Members of the great Council. You have not repeated your private conversations with them, from which infinitely more is to be collected, than from all the Pamphlets scattered about the streets of Amsterdam. If they avoid your company and conversation it is a more unfavorable Symtom than any you have mentioned, and shews clearly that your public Character should have been concealed, till your address had paved the way for its being acknowledged. If you have formed Connections with any of these People, and I cannot but presume, that you have attended to so important a point, it will be very interesting to us, to have their most striking features deliniated, their sentiments with respect to us, and our opponents detailed, and the influence of each in the assembly of the States. This will best acquaint us with the principles of the Government and direct our conduct towards them. Among other things I wish to know in what light they view our cause, as just or unjust? What influence they imagine our independence will have upon the general system of Europe, or their own States. What expectations they form from our Commerce? Whether the apprehension of its being altogether thrown into another Channel, if infused with address, would not awaken them into action? What are their Ideas of the comparative power of France and Britain, so far as it may effect them? Whether they have entered into any treaty with France, since the war, if they have, what are its objects—If they have not, whether any such thing is in contemplation? None of your letters take the least notice of the french Ambassador at the Hague, is there no intercourse between you? If not, to what is it to be attributed? It appears to me that our interests in Holland are similar to those of France. They are interested with us in forwarding our Loans, in procuring a public acknowlegement of our Independance, in urging the States to exertion. They have considerable influence on the Government, as appears from the success, that the loan opened under their guarantee met with. I must again therefore request you to spend much of your time at the Hague, that great center of Politicks, to cultivate the acquaintance and friendship of the french Ambassador, to confer with him freely and candidly upon the state of our Affairs, and by his means to extend your acquaintance to the other representatives of Crowned Heads at the Hague. Your having no public Character, together with an avowed contempt for all rank and idle Ceremony, will greatly facilitate your intercourse with them, and enable you to efface the ill impressions, they daily recieve of us from our Enemies. You see, sir, I rely so much upon your good sense as to write with freedom to you, and to mark out that line, which I concieve will best tend to render your mission useful. Should I suggest any thing, which you may not approve, I should be happy to be informed of it, and the reasons upon which you act, so that I may be able fully to justify your measures, if at any time they should not be entirely approved on this side the water. I communicated to Congress the letter from Doctr. Franklin relative to your salary, in consequence of which, they have directed the Superintendant of the Finances to make provision for it in future.
We have no intelligence of importance at this time, but have our Eyes fixed with anxious expectation on the West Indies, from whence we hourly expect to hear the particulars of the Engagement between Count de Grasse and Hood, and the issue of the attack upon St. Christophers. To the southward things remain in the state they were, tho’ we have some reason to believe the Enemy entertain serious thoughts of withdrawing their Troops from Charles town. Thirty empty transports have sailed from New York, with a view, as is said, to fetch them to that place, which will be the last they quit on the Continent. This we ought not to lament, since there is no situation better adapted to concenter our force, and no part of America so easily defended with inferior force, as the ridge of Hills which shut it in, at the same time that it is totally indefensible against a combined attack by land and water. So that we may reasonably hope, that York will again be fatal to the british Arms, every preparation is making to render it so.
I write nothing to you on the subject of a negotiation, conveyances to Doctor Franklin being more easily obtained, as well as more secure. Every instruction on that head is sent to him, and will of course be communicated to you, by the time you need it.
Nothing can be more pleasing after the Chaos into which our Affairs were plunged, than the order which begins now to be established in every department. Paper ceases to be a medium, except the bank paper, which is in equal credit with specie, gold and silver have found their passage into the Country, restrictions on Commerce are removed, it flows in a thousand new Channels, and has introduced the greatest plenty of every necessary, and even every luxury of life. Our harvests have been so abundant, that provisions are in the utmost plenty. All the supplies of the Army are procured by contracts, and the heavy load of purchasing and issuing Commissaries are discharged. In short our Affairs wear such a face here at present, that if we are only supported this year by foreign Loans, we shall not be under the necessity of calling for them again. Would to Heaven the present aspect of Affairs might render your endeavours on this Head successful, the use it would be of to the community would amply compensate you for all the pain and distress which your fruitless endeavours have occasioned you.
Among other articles of intelligence, I ought to have informed you, that Burgoine is exchanged, and that an exchange is now on foot for Cornwallis, in which it is designed Mr. Laurens shall be included. The British seem extremely anxious to have him, and to give him the command of their Army in America—we who know him best, have no objection to the measure. If they wish to carry on an active war, his precipitation will lead them into new difficulties. If to defend particular posts, they cannot put them into the hands of a man, who knows less about the matter. His defence of York was a most contemptible series of blunders. We shall besides these derive two decisive advantages from his command. While a detestation of his cruelty has united the Whigs, the tenth article of the capitulation at york, has destroyed the confidence of the Tories.

I have the honor to be with great respect and esteem Your Excellency’s most obedt. humble servant
Robt R Livingston