Title: [March 1782]
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

      N.(1782)S. March. 1st. Friday.

       Mr. D went to take a walk in the forenoon. Stay’d at home all day. Cloudy weather.

      2d. Saturday.

       In the Forenoon Mr. Wolff came to pay a visit to Mr. D. Went to a bookseller’s for a book for Mr. D. In the afternoon I went with Mr. Artaud to the shops, and bought some things. Cloudy weather.

      3d. Sunday.

       Several persons dined and supped here this day. Mr. D. receiv’d some letters from America. Stay’d at home all day. Cloudy weather.

      4th. Monday.

       A French Gentleman dined with us this day. I wrote a letter to my Father. Stay’d at home all day. Cloudy weather. Finished Mrs. Macaulay’s second volume 498. pages: and begun the third. Mr. Artaud went to the concert in the evening.

   Adams Family Correspondence,Adams Family Correspondence, ed. L. H. Butterfield and others, Cambridge, 1963- .4:286–287.

      5th. Tuesday.

       Went to Mr. Wolff’s and to Mr. Rimbert’s in the afternoon to carry letters to be sent to Holland. Mr. D. went after dinner to take a walk. Cloudy weather.

   In addition to his own letter of the 4th to his father, JQA probably carried Dana’s to JA of the same date (Adams Papers).

      6th. Wednesday.

       Went in the forenoon with Mr. Artaud to take a walk. Mr. D stay’d at home all day. Cloudy weather in the morning, and snow in the afternoon.

      7th. Thursday.

       This morning Mr. D. went with Mr. Artaud to get some maps at the Academy. I went to a bookseller’s and bought Manstein’s Memoir’s upon Russia, and Anecdotes du Nord. Mr. Artaud dined and supped out. Clear weather.

   Christoph Hermann von Manstein, Memoires historiques sur la Russie depuis 1727 jusqu’à 1744, Paris, 1771, with JQA’s notation: “bo’t at St. Petersbourg, March 7th., 1782, No. 20”; Pierre Antoine de La Place and others, Anecdotes du Nord, la Suede le Danemarck, etc., Paris, 1770, with notation: “bo’t at St. Petersbourg, March 7, 1782. No. 21. Ruble 1 Copecks 50” (Catalogue of JQA’s BooksWorthington C. Ford, ed., A Catalogue of the Books of John Quincy Adams Deposited in the Boston Athenaeum. With Notes on Books, Adams Seals and Book-Plates, by Henry Adams, Boston, 1938.). The book numbers refer to JQA’s book purchases in St. Petersburg.

      8th. Friday.

       In the forenoon I went to the English Library for some books but the keeper was not at Home. Finished the third volume of Mrs. Macaulay’s history of England. 443 pages.

      9th. Saturday.

       Finished the second oration of Cicero against Catilina.
       In the morning about ten o’clock Mr. D. Mr. Artaud and myself went to Mr. Rimbert’s, where we breakfasted; and then The Swedish Consul and his Lady and two of Mr. Rimbert’s Nephews, and another Gentleman and the rest of us set off in three slays for Cronstadt. We left the city at 10 o’clock and 40 minutes and arrived at Cronstadt at 12 o’clock and 35 minutes. The distance is 28 wersts which is 20 English miles. We went to see the port of Cronstadt before dinner; after dinner we went to drink tea at a gentleman’s house. We then went to take a walk, and then left Cronstadt at five minutes past five for Oranienbaum where we arrived at six o’clock wanting twenty minutes. The distance is 7 wersts or five English miles. We found at Oranienbaum Madam Peyron’s brother.

   Evidently the party was still able to cross safely the ice-bound Kronstadt Bay, from St. Petersburg to Kotlin Island. The port of Kronstadt remained blocked by ice for about five months each year, and the first vessels did not arrive there in 1782 until 24 May, according to JQA’s Diary.

   In the margin: “N.B. 9 7 wersts make 5 english Miles.”

   Oranienbaum, a country palace, built in 1714 by Prince Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov, on the Gulf of Finland facing Kronstadt (Storch, Picture of PetersburgHenry Storch, Picture of Petersburg, English transl., London, 1801., p. 67–70).

   Probably a Mr. van Brienen, brother of Magdalena Peyron, the consul’s wife, and son of a Dutch merchant in Archangel (Svenskt Biografiskt LexikonSvenskt Biografiskt Lexikon, Orebro and Stockholm, 1857-[1907]; 10 vols., 8:178).

      10th. Sunday.

       This morning we went to see the palace at Oranienbaum, and then dined and after dinner set off in our slays from Oranienbaum for Peterhoff at five minutes past two o’clock, and arrived there, at three o’clock wanting twenty minutes the distance being 9 wersts. We came from Oranienbaum to Peterhoff on the land whereas yesterday we were upon the Gulph of Cronstadt. We saw the palace of Peterhoff and then set out for St. Petersbourg upon the Gulph, and arrived there in one hour and three quarters, (from 10 minutes before 4. to 35 past five) the distance is 27. wersts which is about 19 ¾ English Miles. We stopp’d some time at Mr. Rimberts and then Mr. D. Mr. Artaud and myself return’d home.

      11th. Monday.

       This day Mr. Blondot and Mr. Cussy dined here, after dinner I went with Mr. Artaud to the Concert. Went after the concert was over, and supped at Mr. Rimbert’s. Mr. D. receiv’d this day a letter from Holland inclosing some from America.

   Thaxter to Dana, 15 Feb. (MHi:Dana Papers).

      12th. Tuesday.

       In the afternoon I went to take a ride with Mr. D. Begun the third Oration of Cicero against Catiline. Mr. Hoogwerst came to pay us a visit in the evening. Mr. Artaud supp’d out. Cloudy weather.

   M/JQA/45, Adams Papers, Microfilms, Reel No. 240.

      13th. Wednesday.

       In the forenoon I went to the English Library and took out the 4th and 5th volumes of Mrs. Macaulay’s history of England and the first volume of Robertson’s history of Charles the 5th. Begun Mrs. Macaulay’s 4th. volume. After dinner I went to a bookseller’s and bought some books. Cloudy weather.

   William Robertson, The History of the Reign of the Emperor Charles V. . . ., 3 vols., London, 1769.

      14th. Thursday.

       This morning when we got up we found our Thermometer stolen. In the forenoon Mr. D. and Mr. Artaud went to take a ride; we dined at Mr. Rimbert’s; Mr. Artaud supp’d out. In the evening Mr. Hoogwerst came to pay us a visit.

      15th. Friday.

       This morning I went with Mr. D. and Mr. Artaud to take a walk. After dinner I went in a Slay with Mr. Artaud to a place called Crasna-Kabak at about eleven wersts or eight English Miles from the city, and drank coffeé there. In the evening I went to carry a letter for Mr. D. to Mr. Rimbert’s. to be sent to Holland. Mr. Artaud supped out.

   Dana to JA, 4 March O.S. (Adams Papers).

      16th. Saturday.

       This morning I went to the Academy and bought some almanacks. After dinner I went with Mr. Artaud to the Post office to subscribe for the French Amsterdam Gazette. We went after that to the Club, and return’d home at about nine o’clock. Clear weather.

   Most likely the English Club, described by Henry Storch as containing about three hundred members and requiring 40 rubles for admission and 20 more for the annual subscription. The Club had newspapers and journals available as well as a “small but choice collection of books” (Picture of PetersburgHenry Storch, Picture of Petersburg, English transl., London, 1801., p. 424–425).

      17th. Sunday.

       This morning Mr. Peyron and two of Mr. Rimbert’s Nephews came to pay us a visit. Mr. D. went to Mr. Wolff’s. We dined with Mr. Rimbert, Mr. Peyron and several other gentlemen, at Mr. Colombi’s. Wrote a letter for America.

   To Elizabeth Cranch (Adams Family Correspondence,Adams Family Correspondence, ed. L. H. Butterfield and others, Cambridge, 1963- .4:297–299).

      18th. Monday.

       This forenoon I went with Mr. Artaud to the Academy and bought a Russian and French Grammar. Wrote a letter to Mr. Thaxter. Went to carry out letters to Mr. Felleisen. Mr. D. dined at Mr. Wolff’s. After dinner Mr. D. Mr. Artaud and myself went to the concert. We returned at about 9 o’clock.

   SameAdams Family Correspondence, ed. L. H. Butterfield and others, Cambridge, 1963- ., p. 299–300.

      19th. Tuesday.

       This forenoon Mr. D went to take a walk. After dinner he went with Mr. Artaud to the shops. Mr. Hoogwerst came to pay us a visit.

      20th. Wednesday.

       This morning Mr. D and Mr. Artaud went to take a ride, in the afternoon I went with Mr. Artaud to take a ride in a slay. In the evening, news came of Port Mahon’s being taken. Fine weather.

      21st. Thursday.

       This morning our German master came to give us a lesson for the first time; Mr. Rimbert came to pay a visit to Mr. D. Dined at Mr. Rimbert’s with Mr. D. and Mr. Artaud. After dinner we went to see Mr. Colombi. Mr. Artaud supped out.

   The extent of JQA’s German language instruction while he lived in St. Petersburg was limited, and the name of his master is unknown. Believing that JA would prefer that JQA learn German rather than Russian, Dana hired an instructor who gave young Adams three lessons a week at about a guinea a month (Dana to JA, 28 March O.S., Adams Papers; Adams Family CorrespondenceAdams Family Correspondence, ed. L. H. Butterfield and others, Cambridge, 1963- .4:302–303). As later Diary entries indicate, JQA did not long pursue this study, although sixteen years later, while serving as minister to Berlin, he again “began an attempt to acquire the practice of reading German” (JQA, Diary, 12 March 1798). He soon obtained a mastery of the language. The only remnant of JQA’s early German education, completed on 17/28 Aug. 1782, is a transcription, in German script, of Ludwig Holberg’s play, Der Geschwätsige Barbierer (The Talkative Barber), M/JQA/25, Adams Papers, Microfilms, Reel No. 220.

      22d. Friday.

       This morning I went to the English Library, and brought home The second volume of Smith’s wealth of Nations. Mr. Blondot came in the forenoon to pay us a visit. In the afternoon I went with Mr. Artaud to the shops and bought some things.

   Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, 2 vols., London, 1776.

      23d. Saturday.

       This day Mr. Blondot dined with us. In the afternoon Mr. Hoogwerst came to pay us a visit. Stay’d at Home all day. Our German master gave us the second lesson. He comes every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. Fine weather.

      24th. Sunday.

       Mr. Artaud dined and supped out. Stay’d at home all day. Snowy and rainy weather. Mr. D. receiv’d a letter from Holland.

   Letter unidentified, but apparently not from either JA or John Thaxter.

      25th. Monday.

       Finished the 4th. volume of Mrs. Macaulay’s history of England. 409 p. Mr. Colombi came to pay us a visit. In the evening Mr. Artaud went to the concert.

      26th. Tuesday.

       Begun the fifth volume of Mrs. Macaulay’s history. Finished the third oration of Cicero against Catiline. Stay’d at home all day. Mr. Artaud supp’d out. Our German master gave us a lesson.

      27th. Wednesday.

       This morning I went with Mr. D. to the house of the Spanish chargé d’affaires. Mr. D went to take a ride with Mr. Artaud. In the afternoon they went to the shops together. In the afternoon I went to take a walk. Begun the fourth Catilinary of Cicero. Fine weather.

   Pedro Normande, Spanish chargé d’affaires to Russia, 1776–1777, 1778–1782, minister ad interim to Russia, 1784–1788, and later envoy to Poland and Denmark (Repertorium der diplomatischen Vertreter aller LänderRepertorium der diplomatischen Vertreter aller Lander seit dent Westfalischen Frieden (1648), ed. Ludwig Bittner and others, Oldenburg, &c, 1936-1965; 3 vols., p. 440, 438, 429).

   M/JQA/45, Adams Papers, Microfilms, Reel No. 240.

      28th. Thursday.

       This forenoon Mr. Gonset came to pay us a visit. Mr. D. went in the afternoon to Mr. Wolff’s. Mr. Artaud dined out. Stay’d at home all day. Fine, Clear weather.

      29th. Friday.

       This morning I went with Mr. Artaud to the shops and bought some things. We went to the Academy for some Maps but found it shut up, and to Mr. Rimbert’s for the Newspapers. In the afternoon I went and took a walk with Mr. D. Mr. Artaud supped out. Fine clear weather. Thermometer above 0.

      30th. Saturday.

       Mr. Rimbert, Mr. Peyron and his Lady, Mr. Abraham, Mr. Rosat, and the youngest Mr. Montréal dined with us this day: Mr. Artaud supp’d out. Fine weather. Stay’d at home all day. Finished the 5th. and last volume of Mrs. Macaulay’s history of England 470. pages.

   Three additional volumes of her History of England were published between 1781 and 1783(DNBLeslie Stephen and Sidney Lee, eds., The Dictionary of National Biography, New York and London, 1885-1900; 63 vols, plus supplements.).

      31st. Sunday.

       Wrote a letter to my Father. Mr. Artaud dined and Supped out. Fine weather. Thermometer at 9 degrees above.0. Stay’d at home all day.

   Adams Family Correspondence,Adams Family Correspondence, ed. L. H. Butterfield and others, Cambridge, 1963- .4:302–303.


Title: 2d. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day Mr. D. went to carry our letters to be sent to the post office. Stay’d at home all day. Fine weather. Thaws fast.


Title: 4th. Thursday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon Mr. Gonset came to pay us a visit. Mr. D and Mr. Artaud went to the shops, and bought some things. Mr. Artaud dined out. In the afternoon I went with Mr. Artaud to the Shops and bought some things. Fine weather.


Title: 5th. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon Mr. D. went to take a ride. I went with Mr. Artaud and took a long walk upon the key. In the afternoon I went to the shops with Mr. Artaud. And I carried my watch to the watch maker’s, to be mended. Clear weather.


Title: 6th. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon Mr. D. went to take a ride, in the afternoon, I went and took a walk upon the quay. I Met Mr. Peyron there. Fine, clear weather.


Title: 7th. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Esther day a great holiday for the Russians. They present eggs, this day. Mr. Artaud dined out, in the forenoon. In the afternoon I went and took a walk upon the quay. Very Fine weather. Finished the first volume of Robertson’s history of Charles V. 394 pages.


Title: 9th. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon I went with Mr. D. to the French minister’s hotel. Mr. Normandes the Spanish Chargé d’affaires came to pay a visit to Mr. D. In the afternoon I went to the Shops with Mr. Artaud, but found them all shut-up because of the Esther holidays. We went to see some of their diversions. We went also to Mr. Rimbert’s, to see how Mr. Montreal does. Mr. D. went to carry his letter to be sent.


Title: 10th. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon I went with Mr. Artaud to the shops and bought some things. Before dinner we went and took a walk upon the quay. In the afternoon we took another walk, and went to Mr. Rimbert’s. Fine weather. It thaws fast still.


Title: 12th. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. D. went in the forenoon to take a ride. Cloudy weather. Begun Cicero’s Oration for Archias.


Title: 13th. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Mr. Artaud dined out. Mr. D. went to take a ride in the afternoon. Finished the 2d. Volume of Robertson’s history of Charles 5th. 479. pages, and begun the third. Cloudy weather, and Rain.


Title: 16th. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon I went with Mr. Artaud to the shops and bought some things. Mr. D. went to take a walk. Went to Mr. Rimberts for the Gazette. Mr. Artaud dined and supped out.


Title: 17th. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This morning before breakfast I went and took a walk upon the quay of the river. The Swedish consul and his lady, Mr. Rimbert, his youngest nephew, Mr. Abraham Mr. Colombi, and Mr. Gonset dined with us. In the afternoon Mr. D. and Mr. Artaud went to take a walk. Fine weather.


Title: 18th. Thursday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day at about 7. o clock P.M. the river broke up, and The major of the fortress passed it in a boat descended at the Palace, and announced it to the Empress, for which he receives a present of 500 Roubles pr. year. Dined at Mr. Rimberts. In the forenoon the Swedish consul came to see us. Mr. Artaud supp’d out. Fine Weather but, a high wind.


Title: 20th. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon I went with Mr. D. to the Hotel of the Dutch Resident Mr. de Swart. In the afternoon Mr. D. took a walk. Finished the third and last volume of Robertson’s history of Charles. 5th. Fine weather.


Title: 22d. Monday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon I went with Mr. Artaud to the English Library and took out Watson’s history of Phillip the second and the life of Garrick. We went to the shops. In the afternoon we went and bought a pair of buckles for me. Went to Mr. Rimbert’s for the Gazette but it was not there. Mr. Artaud went in the evening to the concert. Snowy weather all day. Begun Vol. I. of the history of Phillip II.


Title: 23. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. D. wrote a letter to my Father in Holland. Mr. Artaud supp’d out. Cloudy weather.


Title: 24th. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon I went with Mr. Artaud to Mr. Rimbert’s, Mr. Abraham’s and Mr. Colombi’s. In the afternoon Mr. D. took a ride.


Title: 25th. Thursday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Went with Mr. Artaud in the forenoon to the shops and bought some things. Dined at Mr. Rimberts; where Mr. Abraham dined also. Mr. Artaud went in the evening to the Clubb. Windy weather.


Title: 26th. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       In the forenoon I went to take a ride with Mr. Artaud. In the afternoon Mr. D. went to take a walk. I went to the post office to see about some newspapers.


Title: 27th. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This morning I went to take a walk upon the quay with Mr. Artaud. In the afternoon I went to the shops and bought some things. Mr. Wolff came to pay Mr. D a visit A.M. Mr. D. went and took a ride after dinner. Mr. Hoogwerst paid us a visit. Fine weather, but windy.


Title: 28th. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon I went with Mr. D. to the Hotel of the Marquis de Verac, and from thence to that of the dutch Ambassador with the Marquis, but he was not at home; dined at the Marquis de Verac’s: Mr. Artaud supped out. Fine weather.


Title: 30th. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This afternoon I went with Mr. Artaud to the Post office to see about the news papers. Went to take a walk. Mr. D took a ride. Fine weather.


Title: N.(1782)S. May.: 1st. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       In the forenoon Mr. Artaud and Mr. D. went and took a walk upon the Neva. After dinner the youngest Mr. Montréal came here, and I went with him and Mr. Artaud to the Shops. Mr. D went and took a ride. Fine weather.


Title: 2d. Thursday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day, which according to the Russian stile is the 21st. of April, is the Anniversary of her Majesty’s birth. Went with Mr. D. to the Marquis de Verac’s and from thence to the Dutch Ambassador’s. In the afternoon Mr. Peyron and the youngest Mr. Montréal came here. Snowy weather.


Title: 4th. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon I went and took a walk upon the quay with Mr. Artaud. In the afternoon the youngest Mr. Montréal came here and went with Mr. Artaud and myself to the Shops. Fine weather.


Title: 6th. Monday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Went in the forenoon and took a walk upon the quay, went in the evening to the concert; with Mr. Artaud. Clear, Windy Weather.


Title: 7th. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       In the forenoon I took a walk with Mr. Artaud upon the quay. Mr. D. went and took a ride. Cloudy, windy weather.


Title: 8th. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Mr. Artaud went out on hunting. Mr. D. went in the forenoon and took a ride. In the afternoon went to Mr. Colombi’s but found he was not at home. Took a walk upon the quay. Fine clear weather.


Title: 10th. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This morning I went with Mr. D. to the Dutch Ambassador’s and to the Resident’s. Went and took a walk upon the quay with Mr. Artaud. Mr. D. spent the evening out. Clear weather.


Title: 11th. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon Mr. Wolff came to see Mr. D. Mr. D. went and took a walk upon the quay. Stay’d at home all day. Fine clear weather.


Title: 12th. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon Mr. Peyron came to see us. Mr. D. went to Mr. Wolff’s. Mr. Colombi came here. Dined at Mr. Rimbert’s. After dinner we went and took a ride to Catharinen hoff. This is the same holiday here, as long-champs at Paris.


Title: 13th. Monday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Mr. D went out in the forenoon. Took a walk with Mr. Artaud in the forenoon upon the quay. Mr. D. dined at Mr. Wolff’s; went with Mr. Artaud to the concert. Thermometer 10. degrees above 0.


Title: 14th. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. Very high wind. Mr. D went out in the forenoon and in the afternoon. Mr. Artaud went out in the evening. Thermometer 10. degrees above.0.


Title: 16th. Thursday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. Artaud went on hunting. In the forenoon Mr. D. went and took a walk; and in the afternoon to Mr. Wolff’s. Thermometer 19 degrees. heat. Thunder shower in the afternoon. Cleared up afterwards.


Title: 17th. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. In the forenoon Dr. Blondot came and took his leave of us, going for Moskow. Mr. D took a walk in the forenoon. Clear in the forenoon, but Rain after dinner.


Title: 18th. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       In the forenoon Mr. D. went and took a ride. Cloudy weather. Thermometer 20 degrees above.0. Stay’d at home all day. Mr. Wolff came to see Mr. D.


Title: 19th. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day Mr. Artaud went on hunting. In the afternoon Mr. D. took a ride out of town. Cloudy, rainy weather.


Title: 20th. Monday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. D. went out in the forenoon. Cloudy weather.


Title: 23d. Thursday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This morning I went with Mr. D. Mr. Artaud and several other gentlemen to see her Majesty’s cabinet of paintings in the Palace. Mr. D and Mr. Artaud took a walk upon the quay. Mr. Artaud dined at Mr. Rimbert’s. Cloudy weather.


Title: 24th. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day a French Gentleman dined with us. Mr. D took a ride in the afternoon. Mr. Artaud went to the Clubb. Stay’d at home all day. Cloudy weather. First vessels arrived, at Cronstadt.


Title: 26th. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Mr. D. unwell. Pentecost day. Mr. Artaud went out in the afternoon. Stay’d at home all day. Cloudy weather in the forenoon but clear’d up after dinner.


Title: 29th. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       In the afternoon Mr. D. took a ride. Stay’d at home all day. Very windy weather.


Title: 31st. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       In the forenoon Mr. D. and Mr. Artaud went to the shops. After dinner Mr. D went and took a ride. Stay’d at home all day. Fine clear weather. Finish’d Ciceros Oration pro Lege Manilia.


Title: [May 1782]
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

      N.(1782)S. May.1st. Wednesday.

       In the forenoon Mr. Artaud and Mr. D. went and took a walk upon the Neva. After dinner the youngest Mr. Montréal came here, and I went with him and Mr. Artaud to the Shops. Mr. D went and took a ride. Fine weather.

      2d. Thursday.

       This day, which according to the Russian stile is the 21st. of April, is the Anniversary of her Majesty’s birth. Went with Mr. D. to the Marquis de Verac’s and from thence to the Dutch Ambassador’s. In the afternoon Mr. Peyron and the youngest Mr. Montréal came here. Snowy weather.

      3d. Friday.

       In the forenoon Mr. D went and took a walk. After dinner Mr. Colombi came to see us. I went to the postoffice with Mr. Artaud. Windy weather. Finished the first volume of Watson’s history of Phillip the II. 443 p: and begun the 2d.

      4th. Saturday.

       This forenoon I went and took a walk upon the quay with Mr. Artaud. In the afternoon the youngest Mr. Montréal came here and went with Mr. Artaud and myself to the Shops. Fine weather.

      5th. Sunday.

       Dined at Mr. Rimberts: Mr. D received a letter from Holland. Took a ride in the afternoon.

   Possibly JQA is referring to a letter from Thaxter of 9 April, received by Dana on 2 May (MHi:Dana Papers).

      6th. Monday.

       Went in the forenoon and took a walk upon the quay, went in the evening to the concert; with Mr. Artaud. Clear, Windy Weather.

      7th. Tuesday.

       In the forenoon I took a walk with Mr. Artaud upon the quay. Mr. D. went and took a ride. Cloudy, windy weather.

      8th. Wednesday.

       Mr. Artaud went out on hunting. Mr. D. went in the forenoon and took a ride. In the afternoon went to Mr. Colombi’s but found he was not at home. Took a walk upon the quay. Fine clear weather.

      9th. Thursday.

       Mr. Artaud dined at Mr. Rimbert’s. In the afternoon he came with two of Mr. Rimbert’s nephews and we went to the shops. Took a ride. Mr. Hoogwerst came and made us a visit. He told us that the States General of the United Provinces had on the 19th. of April declared acknowledged America, independant. Fine clear weather.

   For a discussion of JA’s long and persistent efforts to achieve Dutch recognition, see Diary and AutobiographyDiary and Autobiography of John Adams, ed. L. H. Butterfield and others, Cambridge, 1961; 4 vols., 3:3–5. JA’s own account of events just before and immediately following the recognition appears in Adams Family Correspondence,Adams Family Correspondence, ed. L. H. Butterfield and others, Cambridge, 1963- .4:312–313.

      10th. Friday.

       This morning I went with Mr. D. to the Dutch Ambassador’s and to the Resident’s. Went and took a walk upon the quay with Mr. Artaud. Mr. D. spent the evening out. Clear weather.

   Dutch recognition of American independence brought closer diplomatic ties between the isolated Dana and Dutch representatives at St. Petersburg. Dana wrote to JA on this day: “The Dutch Resident made a visit yesterday to give me the news. I have visited him today. . . . The Ambassador this week, returned a visit I had made him on 2 May, see entry, above in consequence of an intimation he had given that it wou’d be agreeable to him. I have visited him again to day on this occasion” (29 April O.S., Adams Papers).

      11th. Saturday.

       This forenoon Mr. Wolff came to see Mr. D. Mr. D. went and took a walk upon the quay. Stay’d at home all day. Fine clear weather.

      12th. Sunday.

       This forenoon Mr. Peyron came to see us. Mr. D. went to Mr. Wolff’s. Mr. Colombi came here. Dined at Mr. Rimbert’s. After dinner we went and took a ride to Catharinen hoff. This is the same holiday here, as long-champs at Paris.

   Catarinenhoff or Katarinenhof, a palace, located south and west of St. Petersburg on the Gulf of Finland, built in 1703 by Peter the Great and named after his wife the Empress Catherine I (John Parkinson, A Tour of Russia, Siberia and the Crimea, 1792–1794, ed. William Collier, London, 1971, p. 244; Storch, Picture of PetersburgHenry Storch, Picture of Petersburg, English transl., London, 1801., p. xv).

   The annual procession of carriages through the Bois de Boulogne on the Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday before Easter, which allowed Parisians to show off their carriages, horses, and of course themselves; see entry for 25 March 1785 (below).

      13th. Monday.

       Mr. D went out in the forenoon. Took a walk with Mr. Artaud in the forenoon upon the quay. Mr. D. dined at Mr. Wolff’s; went with Mr. Artaud to the concert. Thermometer 10. degrees above 0.

      14th. Tuesday.

       Stay’d at home all day. Very high wind. Mr. D went out in the forenoon and in the afternoon. Mr. Artaud went out in the evening. Thermometer 10. degrees above.0.

      15th. Wednesday.

       Went and took a walk with Mr. Artaud in the Jardin d’été. Spent the evening and supp’d at Mr. Rimbert’s. Fine weather. Thermometer 16. degrees above.0. Took off our double windows.

   A public garden located on the banks of the Neva and originally part of Peter the Great’s summer palace (Storch, Picture of PetersburgHenry Storch, Picture of Petersburg, English transl., London, 1801., p. 40–41).

      16th. Thursday.

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. Artaud went on hunting. In the forenoon Mr. D. went and took a walk; and in the afternoon to Mr. Wolff’s. Thermometer 19 degrees. heat. Thunder shower in the afternoon. Cleared up afterwards.

      17th. Friday.

       Stay’d at home all day. In the forenoon Dr. Blondot came and took his leave of us, going for Moskow. Mr. D took a walk in the forenoon. Clear in the forenoon, but Rain after dinner.

      18th. Saturday.

       In the forenoon Mr. D. went and took a ride. Cloudy weather. Thermometer 20 degrees above.0. Stay’d at home all day. Mr. Wolff came to see Mr. D.

      19th. Sunday.

       This day Mr. Artaud went on hunting. In the afternoon Mr. D. took a ride out of town. Cloudy, rainy weather.

      20th. Monday.

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. D. went out in the forenoon. Cloudy weather.

      21st. Tuesday.

       In the afternoon Mr. D went and took a ride. Took a very long walk out of town with Mr. Artaud. Left him at the Clubb. Changing weather. Mr. Hoogwerst came and paid us a visit in the afternoon.

      22d. Wednesday.

       This day a french Gentleman dined with us. Mr. D went and took a walk in the forenoon. Mr. Artaud went in the afternoon to the Clubb. Cloudy weather.

      23d. Thursday.

       This morning I went with Mr. D. Mr. Artaud and several other gentlemen to see her Majesty’s cabinet of paintings in the Palace. Mr. D and Mr. Artaud took a walk upon the quay. Mr. Artaud dined at Mr. Rimbert’s. Cloudy weather.

      24th. Friday.

       This day a French Gentleman dined with us. Mr. D took a ride in the afternoon. Mr. Artaud went to the Clubb. Stay’d at home all day. Cloudy weather. First vessels arrived, at Cronstadt.

      25th. Saturday.

       Mr. D took a ride in the forenoon. Finished the second and last volume of Watson’s history of Phillip the II. 437. pages. Cloudy weather.

      26th. Sunday.

       Mr. D. unwell. Pentecost day. Mr. Artaud went out in the afternoon. Stay’d at home all day. Cloudy weather in the forenoon but clear’d up after dinner.

      27th. Monday.

       Mr. Artaud went into the country. The Dutch resident came to see Mr. D. Mr. D. went and took a walk in the forenoon. Mr. Rimbert came here. This day the Wooden shops caught fire, and were all burnt to the ground. Mr. D took a ride in the afternoon. Clear in the morning, but cloudy in the afternoon. Stay’d at home all day.

      28th. Tuesday.

       Mr. D went and took a ride in the afternoon. Stay’d at home all day. Cloudy, weather, some rain.

      29th. Wednesday.

       In the afternoon Mr. D. took a ride. Stay’d at home all day. Very windy weather.

      30th. Thursday.

       This forenoon I went to the shops with Mr. Artaud and bought some things. Mr. Artaud dined at Mr. Rimberts. In the afternoon Mr. Hoogwerst came to see us. Pretty good weather.

      31st. Friday.

       In the forenoon Mr. D. and Mr. Artaud went to the shops. After dinner Mr. D went and took a ride. Stay’d at home all day. Fine clear weather. Finish’d Ciceros Oration pro Lege Manilia.

   JQA’s French translation here and that mentioned in the next entry are in M/JQA/45, Adams Papers, Microfilms, Reel No. 240. His Latin source was probably the de Wailly edition, 2:2–67, and 3:2–113, respectively. See entry for 12 April (above).


Title: N.(1782)S. June 1st. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Dined with Mr. Colombi. In the afternoon went and took a walk in the jardin d’été. Begun Cicero’s oration pro Milone. Fine weather.


Title: 2d. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Mr. Artaud out all day. In the afternoon the youngest Mr. Montréal came here, went and took a walk in the Jardin d’été, where I found Mr. Gonset, very fine weather.


Title: 3d. Monday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Mr. Artaud dined out. Stay’d at home all day. Rainy weather.


Title: 4th. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day several Gentlemen dined here. Mr. D walk’d out in the forenoon and went in the afternoon with Mr. Artaud to the Jardin d’eté. Stay’d at home all day. Fine weather.


Title: 5th. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon Mr. D. went and took a walk in the garden. After dinner I went with Mr. Artaud to the Shops. We took a ride out of town. Went to Mr. Rimberts took a walk to the garden. Mr. Artaud supp’d out. Fine weather.


Title: 8th. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Went in the forenoon and took a walk. Mr. D. went out in the afternoon. Went and walked in the garden in the evening. Fine weather.


Title: 9th. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day Mr. Artaud went into the country. Mr. D. went to the French Minister’s Hotel in the forenoon. After dinner he went and took a ride. Walk’d in the garden in the evening. Fine weather.


Title: 11th. Tuesday
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. D walk’d out in the forenoon, and took a ride in the afternoon. Mr. Artaud supped out. Cloudy weather.


Title: 13th. Thursday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Went in the afternoon and took a walk in the garden. Mr. Hoogwerst came to see us. Clear weather.


Title: 14th. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Mr. D. went and took a ride in the afternoon. Stay’d at home all day. Cloudy weather.


Title: 15th. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon Mr. D. went and took a walk. In the afternoon he rode out. Walked in the garden in the evening. Cloudy weather.


Title: 16th. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. Very bad weather. Strong wind, and rain.


Title: 17th. Monday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       In the afternoon I went and took a ride with Mr. D. Rainy weather all day.


Title: 20th. Thursday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Mr. Artaud dined at Mr. Rimbert’s. Mr. D. went and took a walk in the forenoon, and went to Mr. Wolff’s after dinner. Stay’d at home all day. Cloudy weather.


Title: 21st. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Mr. D. took a ride in the afternoon. Mr. Artaud and I, went and took a walk to a gentleman’s country seat at about 6. wersts from the town, where we supp’d. We got back at about 12. o’clock at night. Fine weather. This day the sun rose at 45 minutes past two o’clock, and set at 15 minutes past nine. At midnight it is but very little darker than at noon.


Title: 22d. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon I went and took a walk with Mr. Artaud in the garden. Mr. Wolff came and paid a visit to Mr. D. After dinner, I took a ride with Mr. D. and Mr. Artaud to Caminostrow which is an Island near Petersbourg, which belongs to the Grand-Duke. We went and saw the Botanical garden.


Title: 23d. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       In the afternoon went with Mr. D. and Mr. Artaud; to a Garden about 6 wersts out of town, called Jardin de Narischkin belonging to a nobleman of that name, who keeps it open to the publick. Went afterwards to a country seat belonging to a gentleman here.


Title: Monday. 24th.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This morning I went to the English library and took out Foote’s plays and two volumes of the English Theatre. Mr. D. went out in the afternoon. I took a walk with him in the Summer Garden in the evening. Fine weather.


Title: 25th. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. Artaud dined out. Mr. D. took a walk in the afternoon. Stormy weather the fore part of the day.


Title: 26th. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. Artaud dined at Mr. Rimbert’s. In the afternoon Mr. D. went and took a ride.


Title: 27th. Thursday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Dined this day at Mr. Rimbert’s with Mr. D. and Mr. Artaud. Rainy weather.


Title: 28th. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day I went with Mr. Artaud and Mr. D. to the Comedy at the Court. We had the Misanthrope with a ballet. Mr. Artaud went afterwards to Mr. Rimbert’s. Went and took a walk with Mr. D. in the summer garden. Cloudy weather in the morning, but cleared up at about noon. Mr. D received a letter from Holland.


Title: 30th. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       In the forenoon Mr. D went to Mr. Wolff’s. In the afternoon I went and took a ride with him. Fine weather.


Title: [June 1782]
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

      N.(1782)S. June 1st. Saturday.

       Dined with Mr. Colombi. In the afternoon went and took a walk in the jardin d’été. Begun Cicero’s oration pro Milone. Fine weather.

      2d. Sunday.

       Mr. Artaud out all day. In the afternoon the youngest Mr. Montréal came here, went and took a walk in the Jardin d’été, where I found Mr. Gonset, very fine weather.

      3d. Monday.

       Mr. Artaud dined out. Stay’d at home all day. Rainy weather.

      4th. Tuesday.

       This day several Gentlemen dined here. Mr. D walk’d out in the forenoon and went in the afternoon with Mr. Artaud to the Jardin d’eté. Stay’d at home all day. Fine weather.

      5th. Wednesday.

       This forenoon Mr. D. went and took a walk in the garden. After dinner I went with Mr. Artaud to the Shops. We took a ride out of town. Went to Mr. Rimberts took a walk to the garden. Mr. Artaud supp’d out. Fine weather.

      6th. Thursday.

       Mrs. Peyron was brought to bed of a girl this day. Mr. D. took a walk before dinner. Mr. Montréal dined here. After dinner I went and took a walk in the garden. Fine weather. Mr. Hoogwerst came to see us in the evening.

      7th. Friday.

       This forenoon Mr. D went and took a walk to the garden. Mr. Artaud dined out. In the afternoon I walked. Good weather.

      8th. Saturday.

       Went in the forenoon and took a walk. Mr. D. went out in the afternoon. Went and walked in the garden in the evening. Fine weather.

      9th. Sunday.

       This day Mr. Artaud went into the country. Mr. D. went to the French Minister’s Hotel in the forenoon. After dinner he went and took a ride. Walk’d in the garden in the evening. Fine weather.

      10th. Monday.

       In the forenoon Mr. D. went and took a walk. In the afternoon he rode out. Went to the concert in the evening with Mr. Artaud. Fine weather.

      11th. Tuesday

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. D walk’d out in the forenoon, and took a ride in the afternoon. Mr. Artaud supped out. Cloudy weather.

      12th. Wednesday.

       Receiv’d the news of a battle between the french and English fleets in the West Indies. Went to the shops with Mr. Artaud before dinner. Went in the evening with Mr. D. and Mr. Artaud to the concert. After the concert we walked in the garden. Cloudy weather.

   The battle off Les Saintes, a small group of islands between Guadeloupe and Dominica, which took place 9–12 April 1782 and set Adm. Rodney’s fleet against that of Grasse, who was defeated (Alfred Thayer Mahan, The Major Operations of the Navies in the War of American Independence, Boston, 1913, p. 206–226).

      13th. Thursday.

       Went in the afternoon and took a walk in the garden. Mr. Hoogwerst came to see us. Clear weather.

      14th. Friday.

       Mr. D. went and took a ride in the afternoon. Stay’d at home all day. Cloudy weather.

      15th. Saturday.

       This forenoon Mr. D. went and took a walk. In the afternoon he rode out. Walked in the garden in the evening. Cloudy weather.

      16th. Sunday.

       Stay’d at home all day. Very bad weather. Strong wind, and rain.

      17th. Monday.

       In the afternoon I went and took a ride with Mr. D. Rainy weather all day.

      18th. Tuesday.

       Stay’d at home all day. Rainy weather. Mr. D. went and took a walk in the afternoon.

      19th. Wednesday

       Went to the English library for books. Mr. Montréal dined with us. Rainy Weather.

      20th. Thursday.

       Mr. Artaud dined at Mr. Rimbert’s. Mr. D. went and took a walk in the forenoon, and went to Mr. Wolff’s after dinner. Stay’d at home all day. Cloudy weather.

      21st. Friday.

       Mr. D. took a ride in the afternoon. Mr. Artaud and I, went and took a walk to a gentleman’s country seat at about 6. wersts from the town, where we supp’d. We got back at about 12. o’clock at night. Fine weather. This day the sun rose at 45 minutes past two o’clock, and set at 15 minutes past nine. At midnight it is but very little darker than at noon.

      22d. Saturday.

       This forenoon I went and took a walk with Mr. Artaud in the garden. Mr. Wolff came and paid a visit to Mr. D. After dinner, I took a ride with Mr. D. and Mr. Artaud to Caminostrow which is an Island near Petersbourg, which belongs to the Grand-Duke. We went and saw the Botanical garden.

   Grand Duke Paul (1754–1801), later Paul I, who succeeded his mother, Catherine II, to the throne in 1796 and was assassinated five years later (Larousse, Grand dictionnaire universelPierre Larousse, Grand dictionnaire universel du XlXe siècle ..., Paris, [1865]; 15 vols, and supplements.).

      23d. Sunday.

       In the afternoon went with Mr. D. and Mr. Artaud; to a Garden about 6 wersts out of town, called Jardin de Narischkin belonging to a nobleman of that name, who keeps it open to the publick. Went afterwards to a country seat belonging to a gentleman here.

   Henry Storch portrayed a visit to the Narischkin garden as a popular Sunday pastime of the “higher classes”:

            "A friendly invitation, in four different languages, inscribed over the entrance to the grounds, authorizes every one of decent appearance and behaviour, to amuse himself there in whatever way he pleases without fear of molestation. In several pavilions are musicians for the benefit of those who chuse to dance; in others are chairs and sophas, ready for the reception of any party who wish to recreate themselves by sedate conversation after roaming about with the great throng; some parties take to the swings, the bowling-green and other diversions; on the canals and lakes are gondolas, some constructed for rowing, others for sailing; and, if all this be not enough, refreshments are spread on tables in particular alcoves, or are handed about by servants in livery. This noble hospitality is by no means unenjoyed; the concourse of persons of all descriptions, from the star and ribband to the plain well-dressed burgher, forms such a party-coloured collection and sometimes groupes are so humourously contrasted, that for this reason alone it is well worth the pains of partaking once in the amusement" (Picture of PetersburgHenry Storch, Picture of Petersburg, English transl., London, 1801., p. 440–441).

      Monday. 24th.

       This morning I went to the English library and took out Foote’s plays and two volumes of the English Theatre. Mr. D. went out in the afternoon. I took a walk with him in the Summer Garden in the evening. Fine weather.

   Samuel Foote, Dramatic Works, 4 vols., London, 1778.

   The English Theatre, Containing the Most Valuable Plays Which Have Been Acted on the London Stage, 8 vols., London, 1762.

      25th. Tuesday.

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. Artaud dined out. Mr. D. took a walk in the afternoon. Stormy weather the fore part of the day.

      26th. Wednesday.

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. Artaud dined at Mr. Rimbert’s. In the afternoon Mr. D. went and took a ride.

      27th. Thursday.

       Dined this day at Mr. Rimbert’s with Mr. D. and Mr. Artaud. Rainy weather.

      28th. Friday.

       This day I went with Mr. Artaud and Mr. D. to the Comedy at the Court. We had the Misanthrope with a ballet. Mr. Artaud went afterwards to Mr. Rimbert’s. Went and took a walk with Mr. D. in the summer garden. Cloudy weather in the morning, but cleared up at about noon. Mr. D received a letter from Holland.

   Letter unidentified, but apparently not from either JA or Thaxter.

      29th. Saturday.

       Stay’d at home all day. In the afternoon Mr. D. went and took a ride. Mr. Hoogwerst came and paid us a visit. After supper Mr. Peyron came here with Mr. Montréal. Good weather.

   Terminal punctuation supplied.

      30th. Sunday.

       In the forenoon Mr. D went to Mr. Wolff’s. In the afternoon I went and took a ride with him. Fine weather.

   In the margin: “Mrs. B. brought to bed.”


Title: N(1782)S. July. 1st. Monday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This morning I went to the English Library and took out 1. volume of the preceptor, and thrée of Clarissa. Rained all the afternoon.


Title: 3d. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This afternoon I went and took a ride with Mr. D. to Caminostrow. Fine weather.


Title: 5th. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. D. walk’d out in the forenoon. Changeable weather.


Title: 7th. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon I went and took a walk with Mr. Artaud. Went to the summer garden; where we saw her Majesty. In the afternoon went to see a 64 Gun ship launched. Went afterwards and took a ride to Catherinen hoff and then walked again in the summer garden. Changeable weather.


Title: 8th. Monday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Took a walk this morning with Mr. Artaud in to the Country, and Stay’d there all day. We returned at about 12 o’clock at night. Pretty good weather. Anniversary of the battle of Pultawa —Russian Holiday.


Title: 9th. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Went in the afternoon to Mr. Rimberts with Mr. Artaud to borrow Domino’s for the mascarade of tomorrow. Went to the shops. Anniversary of her Majesty’s coming to the Throne.


Title: 10th. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       St. Peter and St. Paul’s day. Grand Duke’s fête. Mascarade ball and illumination at Peterhoff. At about 1. o’clock P.M. set out for that place with Mr. Artaud and Mr. D. and arriv’d there at about half past 5. Walk’d in the Garden till seven, and then went to the ball.


Title: 12th. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This afternoon I went with Mr. D. and Mr. Artaud to the Shops, and bought some things. Returned the domino’s. Fine weather in the morning. A thunder storm after dinner. Thermometer at 27. degrees.


Title: 13th. Saturday
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Went this morning to the English Library. Took out the 2d. volume of the Preceptor and 3 volumes of Clarissa. In the afternoon Mr. D went and took a ride. Very fine weather.


Title: 15th. Monday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon Mr. Hoogwerst came here. Mr. D. dined at Mr. Wolff’s. Went in the evening to see the rope dancer. Changeable weather.


Title: 16th. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. D. went to the court Comedy to see a Russian play. Stormy windy weather.


Title: 17th. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. D. went and took a walk in the afternoon. Very bad weather.


Title: 18th. Thursday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. In the evening Mr. Hoogwerst came here. Mr. Artaud din’d at Mr. Rimbert’s. Cloudy weather, and a heavy shower of Rain in the evening.


Title: 19th. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. In the afternoon Mr. D. went to take a ride. Changeable weather.


Title: 20th. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon Mr. Wolff came to see Mr. D. Mr. D. went and took a ride in the afternoon. I went with Mr. Artaud to the shops. Mr. Artaud went into the country. Clear weather, but windy.


Title: 21st. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This morning I went to Mr. Rimbert’s to see if Mr. Montréal could go into the country with me. As he could not I went alone. Stay’d there all day and return’d with Mr. Artaud. We got home at about half past eleven o’clock. Fine weather.


Title: 24th. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. Very bad weather.


Title: 25th. Thursday
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day Mr. D receiv’d some letters from America through Holland. Mr. Artaud dined out. In the afternoon Mr. Hoogwerst came to see us. Bad weather. Stay’d at home all day.


Title: 26th. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. In the forenoon Mr. D. went to Mr. Wolff’s. In the afternoon he went and took a ride. Fine weather.


Title: 27th. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. In the forenoon Mr. Wolff came to see Mr. D. In the afternoon Mr. D went and took a ride. Pretty good weather.


Title: 29th. Monday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Begun Cicero’s oration pro Marcello. Mr. D. walk’d out in the forenoon. In the afternoon he went and took a ride. Stay’d at home all day. Fine weather.


Title: 30th. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This afternoon Mr. D. went and took a ride. Went to take a walk in the summer garden. Fine weather.


Title: 31st. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day; a little unwell. Mr. D. stay’d also all day at home. Rainy weather.


Title: 3d. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This afternoon young Mr. Montréal came here. Mr. Hoogwerst came to pay us a visit in the evening. Mr. D. went and took a walk. Stay’d at home all day. Fine weather.


Title: 4th. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This afternoon I went with Mr. D. to the Jardin de Narischkin. Fine weather.


Title: 5th. Monday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon Mr. D. went to Mr. Wolffs. Mr. Rimbert came here. In the afternoon Mr. D. went and took a ride. Fine weather. Mr. Artaud better.


Title: 7th. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This morning I went to the English library and took out 2 volumes of a collection of poems one of Popes works and one of Dryden’s. Rain’d hard all the forenoon. In the afternoon Mr. D. took a walk.


Title: 8th. Thursday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon Mr. D went and took a walk. Mr. Artaud din’d at Mr. Rimbert’s. In the afternoon Mr. D. went to the summer garden. Stay’d at home all day. Fine weather.


Title: 9th. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon Mr. D. went and took a ride; stay’d at home all day. Cloudy weather.


Title: 10th. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Finish’d Cicero’s oration pro Marcello. In the afternoon I went to the shops with Mr. Artaud. Mr. D rode out. Fine weather.


Title: 11th. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. In the afternoon Mr. D. went to the Jardin de Narischkin. Pretty good weather.


Title: 12th. Monday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This afternoon Mr. D went and took a walk in the summer garden. Stay’d at home all day. Rainy weather all the forenoon.


Title: 13th. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       In the afternoon Mr. D. went and took a ride. Stay’d at home all day. Cloudy, rainy weather.


Title: 14th. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       In the forenoon Mr. D. went and took a walk. Walk’d with him after dinner in the summer garden. Rainy and Cloudy weather.


Title: 15th. Thursday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon I went with Mr. D. to the Hotel of the Spanish Minister. Took a ride afterwards. Mr. Artaud dined at Mr. Rimbert’s. Went and took a walk in the summer garden with Mr. Montréal and Mr. Artaud. After dinner went with Mr. Artaud to the Clubb, when we return’d I found Mr. Hoogwerst here.


Title: 16th. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon Mr. Rimbert came to see Mr. D. Stay’d at home all day. Rainy weather.


Title: 17th. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day her Majesty dined with all the officers of the regiment of Preobragensky. In the afternoon I walk’d with Mr. Artaud in the Garden. Went to the play, and saw an Italian piece, with a ballet. Went to the English Library and took out some books.


Title: 18th. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day the Statue of Peter the great was uncover’d. All the troops in the city amounting to about 10,000 men pass’d in review. Mr. D went to see it. After supper I went to see the statue and the illumination on the square.


Title: 21st. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. D went out in the afternoon. Stormy rainy weather.


Title: 23d. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day Mr. D. and Mr. Artaud went to the play, where was presented Alzire one of Voltaire’s tragedies. Went in the morning to see the Statue of Peter the great.


Title: 25th. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon Mr. Rimberts two Nephews came here to see us. Mr. Artaud din’d out. In the afternoon Mr. D. went and took a ride. Mr. Colombi came to pay us a visit. Stay’d at home all day. Fine weather. Mr. Artaud went into the country, 24. wersts out of town.


Title: 26th. Monday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This evening at about 11. o’clock Mr. Artaud return’d from the country. Stay’d at home all day. Mr. D took a ride in the afternoon. Rainy weather in the morning but clear’d up about noon.


Title: 27th. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. D. took a ride in the afternoon. Rainy weather the greater part of the day. Clear’d up at about 5 o’clock P.M.


Title: 28th. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. D. went out in the afternoon. Rainy weather.


Title: 30th. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Mr. Artaud dined at Mr. Rimberts. Mr. D. wrote a letter to Holland. Stay’d at home all day. Fine weather in the afternoon.


Title: 31st. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Went this morning to the English Library. Went to a bookseller’s shop and bought some books. Mr. Wolff came here in the forenoon. Rainy weather.


Title: [August 1782]
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

      N.(1782)S. August. 1st. Thursday.

       This forenoon Mr. Rimbert came to see us. Dined at his house. After dinner went with Mr. D. Mr. Gonset and Mr. Artaud, to Krasna-Kabak to see the hawking: but we arriv’d too late. Drank tea at Krasna-Kabak, and then return’d home.

      2d. Friday.

       Mr. Rimbert dined with us this day. Mr. Artaud unwell. Stay’d at home all day. Rainy weather.

      3d. Saturday.

       This afternoon young Mr. Montréal came here. Mr. Hoogwerst came to pay us a visit in the evening. Mr. D. went and took a walk. Stay’d at home all day. Fine weather.

   Terminal punctuation supplied.

      4th. Sunday.

       This afternoon I went with Mr. D. to the Jardin de Narischkin. Fine weather.

      5th. Monday.

       This forenoon Mr. D. went to Mr. Wolffs. Mr. Rimbert came here. In the afternoon Mr. D. went and took a ride. Fine weather. Mr. Artaud better.

   Terminal punctuation supplied.

      6th. Tuesday.

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. D rode out in the afternoon. Pretty good weather.

      7th. Wednesday.

       This morning I went to the English library and took out 2 volumes of a collection of poems one of Popes works and one of Dryden’s. Rain’d hard all the forenoon. In the afternoon Mr. D. took a walk.

      8th. Thursday.

       This forenoon Mr. D went and took a walk. Mr. Artaud din’d at Mr. Rimbert’s. In the afternoon Mr. D. went to the summer garden. Stay’d at home all day. Fine weather.

      9th. Friday.

       This forenoon Mr. D. went and took a ride; stay’d at home all day. Cloudy weather.

      10th. Saturday.

       Finish’d Cicero’s oration pro Marcello. In the afternoon I went to the shops with Mr. Artaud. Mr. D rode out. Fine weather.

      11th. Sunday.

       Stay’d at home all day. In the afternoon Mr. D. went to the Jardin de Narischkin. Pretty good weather.

      12th. Monday.

       This afternoon Mr. D went and took a walk in the summer garden. Stay’d at home all day. Rainy weather all the forenoon.

      13th. Tuesday.

       In the afternoon Mr. D. went and took a ride. Stay’d at home all day. Cloudy, rainy weather.

      14th. Wednesday.

       In the forenoon Mr. D. went and took a walk. Walk’d with him after dinner in the summer garden. Rainy and Cloudy weather.

      15th. Thursday.

       This forenoon I went with Mr. D. to the Hotel of the Spanish Minister. Took a ride afterwards. Mr. Artaud dined at Mr. Rimbert’s. Went and took a walk in the summer garden with Mr. Montréal and Mr. Artaud. After dinner went with Mr. Artaud to the Clubb, when we return’d I found Mr. Hoogwerst here.

      16th. Friday.

       This forenoon Mr. Rimbert came to see Mr. D. Stay’d at home all day. Rainy weather.

      17th. Saturday.

       This day her Majesty dined with all the officers of the regiment of Preobragensky. In the afternoon I walk’d with Mr. Artaud in the Garden. Went to the play, and saw an Italian piece, with a ballet. Went to the English Library and took out some books.

      18th. Sunday.

       This day the Statue of Peter the great was uncover’d. All the troops in the city amounting to about 10,000 men pass’d in review. Mr. D went to see it. After supper I went to see the statue and the illumination on the square.

      19th. Monday.

       This afternoon I went and took a ride with Mr. D. out of town. Pretty good weather.

      20th. Tuesday.

       This evening, I went with Mr. Artaud and Mr. D. to the Comedy, where they presented in French le Deserteur a Drama, and Crispin rival de son maitre with a ballet. Rainy, stormy weather all day.

   Michel Jean Sedaine, Le Deserteur, Paris, 1769; Alain René Le Sage, Crispin rival de son maître, Paris, 1707 (Brenner, Bibliographical ListClarence Dietz Brenner, A Bibliographical List of plays in the French Language, 1700-1789, Berkeley, 1947.).

      21st. Wednesday.

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. D went out in the afternoon. Stormy rainy weather.

      22d. Thursday.

       This day Mr. Artaud din’d at Mr. Rimberts. Mr. D. went and took a ride in the afternoon. Stay’d at home all day. Cloudy weather.

      23d. Friday.

       This day Mr. D. and Mr. Artaud went to the play, where was presented Alzire one of Voltaire’s tragedies. Went in the morning to see the Statue of Peter the great.

   Alzire, ou les Américains, Paris, 1736 (Brenner, Bibliographical ListClarence Dietz Brenner, A Bibliographical List of plays in the French Language, 1700-1789, Berkeley, 1947.).

      24th. Saturday.

       This forenoon the eldest Mr. Montréal came here and I went with him to see the hemp Magazines on the other side of the Neva. We walk’d in the Garden. Mr. D. went out in the forenoon. Mr. Rimbert came to see Mr. D.

   That is, hemp warehouses, built extensively on an island in the Neva River, in the Petersburg quarter of the city (Storch, Picture of PetersburgHenry Storch, Picture of Petersburg, English transl., London, 1801., p. xvi).

      25th. Sunday.

       This forenoon Mr. Rimberts two Nephews came here to see us. Mr. Artaud din’d out. In the afternoon Mr. D. went and took a ride. Mr. Colombi came to pay us a visit. Stay’d at home all day. Fine weather. Mr. Artaud went into the country, 24. wersts out of town.

      26th. Monday.

       This evening at about 11. o’clock Mr. Artaud return’d from the country. Stay’d at home all day. Mr. D took a ride in the afternoon. Rainy weather in the morning but clear’d up about noon.

      27th. Tuesday.

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. D. took a ride in the afternoon. Rainy weather the greater part of the day. Clear’d up at about 5 o’clock P.M.

      28th. Wednesday.

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. D. went out in the afternoon. Rainy weather.

      29th. Thursday.

       This day Mr. Artaud dined at Mr. Rimbert’s. Mr. D. received some letters from Holland enclosing others from America. Stay’d at home all day. Rainy stormy weather all day.

   Among them was JA to Dana, 7 Aug. (MHi:Dana Papers), and a packet of letters mentioned therein.

      30th. Friday.

       Mr. Artaud dined at Mr. Rimberts. Mr. D. wrote a letter to Holland. Stay’d at home all day. Fine weather in the afternoon.

   Dana to JA, 30 Aug. (Adams Papers).

      31st. Saturday.

       Went this morning to the English Library. Went to a bookseller’s shop and bought some books. Mr. Wolff came here in the forenoon. Rainy weather.

   One that can be identified is Jean de La Bruyère’s Les Caractères, 2 vols., Paris, 1768 (Catalogue of JQA’s BooksWorthington C. Ford, ed., A Catalogue of the Books of John Quincy Adams Deposited in the Boston Athenaeum. With Notes on Books, Adams Seals and Book-Plates, by Henry Adams, Boston, 1938.).


Title: N.(1782.) S. September. 1st. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon the youngest Mr. Montréal came here. Din’d with Mr. Artaud at Mr. Rimbert’s. After dinner I took a walk with Mr. Artaud and the eldest Mr. Montréal to the Convent of St. Alexander Newsky. We went to see the tomb which is of solid silver. When I return’d Mr. D was gone to take a ride.


Title: 2d. Monday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day the eldest Mr. Montréal came and dined with us. In the afternoon Mr. D. went and took a ride.
       Stay’d at home all day. Fine weather.


Title: 3d. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Mr. D went and took a ride in the afternoon. Stay’d at home all day. Fine weather.


Title: 4th. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon Coll. Vallentin arriv’d from Holland and brought us, letters from my Father. Mr. D took a ride, after dinner. Fine weather.


Title: 5th. Thursday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This afternoon I went with Mr. Artaud to the Shops and bought some things. Mr. Artaud went to the Clubb. Mr. D went and took a ride. Fine weather all day.


Title: 6th. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This afternoon Mr. D. went to Mr. Wolff’s. Wrote a letter to my Father. Mr. D. walk’d out before dinner. Stay’d at home all day. Fine weather.


Title: 11th. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon I went with Mr. D. to see Mr. Normandes. Several persons dined here. After dinner Mr. D. went and took a ride. Took a walk upon the quay after supper.


Title: 12th. Thursday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day I din’d with Mr. D and Mr. Artaud at Mr. Rimbert’s. Borrow’d of Mr. Peyron two volumes of Piron’s works. In the evening Mr. Artaud went to the Clubb. Mr. D went and took a ride in the afternoon. Took a walk upon the quay after supper. Pretty good weather all day. Mr. D receiv’d a letter from Holland.


Title: 13th. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon I went to Mr. Normandes’s. In the afternoon Mr. D. went and took a ride. In the evening Mr. Hoogwerst came here.


Title: 14th. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. In the forenoon Mr. Wolff came to see Mr. D. In the afternoon Mr. D. went out and took a ride. Cloudy Weather.


Title: 16th.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Spent the evening and supp’d at Mr. Rimbert’s. Rainy weather all day. Mr. Artaud dined out.


Title: 17th. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This afternoon Mr. D. went and took a ride. Stay’d at home all day. Cloudy weather.


Title: 18th. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This afternoon I went with Mr. D. and drank tea at Mr. Peyron’s. Cloudy Weather.


Title: 20th. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This afternoon Mr. D went and took a ride. In the evening walk’d in the summer garden. Cloudy Weather.


Title: 21st. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This afternoon Mr. D. went and took a ride. Stay’d at home all day. Stormy weather.


Title: 22d. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon Mr. D. went to the Marquis de Verac’s. The young Gentlemen from Mr. Rimbert’s came here and I went and took a walk with them and Mr. Artaud in the summer garden. We were surprised by the rain. Dined at Mr. Rimbert’s. After dinner Mr. D. came away, and I spent the evening and supp’d there. Mr. Artaud came away before supper. Very variable weather all day.


Title: 23d. Monday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This afternoon Mr. D went and took a ride. Walk’d in the summer garden after supper. Cloudy weather all day.


Title: 24th. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon I bought Moliere’s works. Mr. D. went to Mr. Colombi’s in the afternoon. Stay’d at home all day. Cloudy weather.


Title: 25th. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day all Mr. Rimbert’s family din’d here. In the forenoon Mr. D. went and took a walk. Mr. Artaud went in the evening to the Clubb. Rainy weather.


Title: 26th. Thursday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day I din’d at Mr. Rimberts’. After dinner I went and took a ride with Mr. D. out of town. Cloudy weather. Clear’d up at night.


Title: 28th.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This afternoon two of the young gentlemen from Mr. Rimbert’s came here. Mr. D went and took a ride. Rainy weather All day.


Title: 29th. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon I went and took a walk with Mr. Artaud and two of the young gentlemen from Mr. Rimberts in the summer garden. Mr. Artaud and Mr. Montréal went into the country to dine. Mr. Artaud return’d at about 6 o’clock P.M. Receiv’d a letter from Mr. Thaxter. Fine weather all day.


Title: 30th. Monday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This evening I went with Mr. Artaud to the concert. After supper went and took a walk. Cloudy, rainy weather.


Title: 2d. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day I went to the Comedy where the French troop represented, Le Pere de Famille. with a Ballet.


Title: 4th. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. In the afternoon Mr. D. went and took a ride. Cloudy weather.


Title: 5th. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. D. went out before dinner. Cloudy weather all day.


Title: 7th. Monday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Mr. D dined at Mr. Wolffs. Mr. Artaud went to the concert. Stay’d at home all day.


Title: 8th. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day the French comedians play’d at the summer garden theatre. L’honnete criminel.


Title: 9th. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. The young gentlemen from Mr. Rimberts dined here. Cloudy weather.


Title: 11th. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Several gentlemen dined here this day. Cloudy weather, freezes already.


Title: 12th. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Stay’d at home all day. Mr. D. unwell. Cloudy weather.


Title: 13th. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       Dined out with Mr. Artaud. Rainy stormy weather. Went to the Clubb in the evening.


Title: 14th. Monday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This evening I went to the concert with Mr. Artaud. Mr. Gummer came here and supped after the concert.


Title: 15th. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This afternoon Mr. D. went and took a ride. Stay’d at home all day.


Title: 16th. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day all Mr. Rimberts family dined here; in the evening we went to the play and saw Tancrede a tragedy with Le dépit amoureux.


Title: 18th. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This afternoon I went with Mr. Artaud to the shops and bought some things.


Title: 20th. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day I dined and supped at Mr. Rimberts. Return’d at about 11 o’clock.


Title: 21st. Monday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day Count Greco, My travelling companion to Stockholm dined here. In the evening I went with Mr. Artaud to the Concert.


Title: 22d. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon I went to the shops with Mr. Artaud. Went to the exchange. Mr. Peyron and Mr. Montréal dined here.


Title: 23d. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This afternoon I went with Mr. Artaud to Mr. Rimberts and from thence to the play. They represented Le Barbier de Seville and les trois freres rivaux. After the play we return’d and supped at Mr. Rimberts.


Title: 24th. Thursday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon I went round to see the fortress with Mr. Montréal Mr. Gummer and Mr. Artaud. Mr. Artaud dined and spent the evening at Mr. Rimberts.


Title: 25th. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day I dined with Mr. D. and Mr. Artaud at Mr. Colombi’s. After dinner I went to Mr. Rimberts. Mr. Artaud went to the Clubb.


Title: 26th. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day the Count Greco, Mr. Gummer and Mr. Peyron dined here. In the evening I went with Mr. Artaud to Mr. Rimbert’s; spent the evening and supped there.


Title: 27th. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This morning I went with Mr. Artaud to Mr. Rimberts and from thence we set out, eight in one large carriage and two other gentlemen in another small one for Czarsko-Zelo her Majesty’s ordinary residence in the summer. Before we had got half ways the small carriage’s axletree broke and we were obliged to take the two other gentlemen in; so that we went all ten in the same carriage. We arrived there at about 12 o’clock and went directly to see the palace the inside of which is not yet wholly finished. After having seen the palace we return’d into the city and arriv’d at about half past seven o’clock; and returned to our several destinations. Czarsko-Zelo is distant from Petersbourg 22 wersts.


Title: 28th. Monday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon I went with Mr. Peyron to the Baron Albedhyl’s to take his orders for Stockholm. In the afternoon Mr. Gummer came here and I went with him to the concert. Return’d at about 9 o’clock.


Title: 29th. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon I went to the shops and bought some things. After dinner I went and took leave of Mr. Wolff who gave me a letter of recommendation for Hamborough Hamburg. Went to Mr. Rimberts’.


Title: 30th. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This morning I went and took leave of the Baron Albedyhll the Swedish chargé d’affaires here, and he gave me a couple of letters for Stockholm. At about noon I took leave of Mr. D. and of Mr. Artaud and set out upon the road for Wibourg Vyborg. We arrived at about 11. o’clock P.M. at the third station and as it was extraordinarily dark we stay’d there till 7 o’clock the next morning.


Title: N(1782.)S. November: 1. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       We were obliged to wait about 2 hours at a Dram Shop out of the city waiting for the gates to be opened. And there Mr. Gummer overtook us. He had left St. Petersbourg the same day with us, at about 4 o’clock. P.M. At seven o’clock the gates were opened and we went and stopp’d at the tavern. Mr. Gummer dined out. I was very unwell. The Count and Mr. Gummer spent the evening out: I was so unwell I did not go.

     List of the roads from St Petersbourg to Wibourg.

      From St. Petersbourg to
      wersts

      Dranizoukow Dranichnikowa
      25.

      Walkiasiary
      15.

      Lindola Lindoulia
      18.

      Weremcki
      20.

      Surenoja Souvenoya
      19

      Kamerala Kämära
      20.

      Wibourg
      22.

      139

   In general people take for the first post private horses. We paid 4 Roubles for 4 horses. For post horses you pay for the first station 2. copicks. pr. horse pr. werst. From Draniznikow to Lindola you pay 1. copick pr. horse pr. werst, and from Lindola forward you pay only 8 copicks pr. 10 wersts for each horse. When we arrived at Draniznikow we gave 30 copicks to the post master and had our horses directly. We gave at every post 5. 6. or 8 copicks to the post master and were very well served for horses. We gave the postillions from 5. to 15 Copicks, but never 15. unless in the night. The roads in general are very bad from Petersbourg to Wibourg, at the present season of the year, because the Land is pretty good and the frequent rains have made a great deal of mud. There are no houses where to lodge, and if one does not go night and day, one must sleep in the carriage.
       Wibourg is a small city situated upon the river:  very strongly fortified: the houses are almost all of wood; there is but one tavern in the town; and that is not very good.


Title: 2d Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This morning at about 11 o’clock we set off from Wibourg for Frederichshamm; we rode all night and arriv’d, the next day at about 4. o’clock P.M.


Title: 5th. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This morning at about 10 o’clock we pass’d the russian frontiers and arriv’d at Abborfors which is the first place in Swedish Finland. Here we were visited. We arriv’d at Lovisa at about 12. o’clock. Mr. Gummer arrived last night about 10 o’clock.

        List of the roads from Frederichshamm to Lovisa.

       When you come into Swedish Finland you pay every thing in Swedish money. You give 4. schillings pr. horse for each Swedish mile which is 10. russian wersts. They count here the money in Rixdallers schillings, and stübers. A Rixdaller is 48 schillings or about 1 ½ Roubles Russian. A schilling is 4. stübers, or a little more than 3 russian copecks. The postillions commonly have 4. schillings for 3. You are not obliged to give anything, and they are very content for 1 schilling each. There are no regulated posts in Sweden. Each peasant is obliged to furnish a certain number of horses according as he is able, and to prevent their making travellers stop too long, at each post there is a paper where you write your name, where you come from where you go, how many horses you take, and whether you was served quick. At the end of every month the paper is carried before the judge of the village who examines it, and if he finds any complaint against the peasants they are punish’d accordingly. But I should advise travellers always to have their horses ordered before hand for 8 or 10 miles, for then you are sure of having the horses all ready when you arrive at the post. Whereas when you do not have them ordered before hand it is sometimes impossible for them to have their horses ready in less than an hour and sometimes an hour and a half, and it costs but a trifle, to have the horses ordered beforehand.


Title: 6th. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day we dined with the major of the garrison here whose name is Grippenwald. After dinner we set off from Lovisa for Helsingfors Helsinki and went two stations. Lovisa is as yet but a village without fortifications, or gates. It is but about twenty years since it was founded but it is said they intend to begin soon to fortify it.


Title: 7th Thursday [–8th Friday].
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This afternoon at about 4 o’clock we passed thro’ Borgo Borga which is a small fortified town. We rode all night and arrived at about 7 o’clock in the morning on the 8th. at Helsingfors, a small town not very strongly fortified, but remarkable for the fortress of Sweaborg Sveaborg an island situated at about ¼ of a Swedish mile from Helsingfors and which they say is as strong as Gibraltar. At about 11. o’clock we went and paid a visit to the Count Posse governor general of all the troops in Swedish Finland. We desired of him a permission to see the fortress of Sweaborg. He told us that it was impossible for us to go to day because the wind was high and contrary so that we should arrive there too late, but that tomorrow he would willingly give us a permission. We dined and supped with him at his house.


Title: 9th. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This morning we went to see the fortress of Sweaborg. Dined with the General Posse. Prince Galitzin arrived here this evening.


Title: 10th. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This morning at about 8 o’clock we left Helsingfors, at the same time as the Prince Galitzin. We went this day, three stations. The Prince went but two.


Title: 11th. Monday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day we went only two stations and stopp’d at the country seat of Mr. Hising an acquaintance of Mr. Gummer’s at Fagerwik.


Title: 12th. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       We went only 3. swedish miles. Stay’d at the country house of Captain Anrinoff son in law to Mr. Hising, at Åmine.


Title: 16th. Saturday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This morning at about 10 o’clock we left Åbo at the same time with the Prince Galitzin, but Mr. Gummer intends to stay there about a week because he has all his family here and has been a long time absent. We went this day 7 ½ Miles as far as the first passage at Helsings.


Title: 17th. Sunday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This morning we took boat and went as far as Varsala Wartsala i.e. two miles: we could go no farther.


Title: 20th. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day at about 4 o’clock P.M. we arrived at Eckerö. The Prince Galitzin arrived at about eight o’clock.


Title: 21st. Thursday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This morning at 7 ¾ o’clock we set off from Eckerö in a boat and arrived at Grisselham distant 7. Miles at about 11.¼. We stay’d there till 2. o’clock P.M. and went 4 stations after.


Title: 22d. Friday.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This evening at about 11.o’clock we arrived at Stockholm. We found all the taverns in the town shut up, and could not get one opened.

     List of the roads from Åbo to Stockholm.

      From Åbo to
      Swed: miles

      Nussis Nummis

      2.

      Tursanparo

      1.

      Laertes

      1
      1/2

      Botila

      1
      1/4

      Helsings

      1
      3/4.

      à Varsala (par eau) by water

      2.

      Bränden. Brandö do.

      2
      1/4

      Kumlinge   do.

      2
      1/2

      Wargata.   do.

      3
      1/4.

      Skarpans.   do.

      3.

      Haraldsby (par terre) by land

      1
      1/2

      a river

      Enkarby Emkarby

      1
      1/4

      Trebenby

      1
      1/4.

      Marby. . (by water)

      1/8.

      Eskerö

      7/8.

      Grisselhamn (by water)

      7.

      a river

      Taefta (land) Täfteå

      3/4.

      Stubby

      1
      1/2

      Swanberg Svanberga

      1
      1/2

      Kragstad

      1
      1/4.

      Rylanda

      1.

      Hall

      1
      1/4.

      Östby

      1.

      Enstad

      2.

      Stockholm

      2.

      Swedish Miles
      44.
      6/8

   Better than one half of the way you are obliged to go by water. And what is worse a traveller is very often obliged to stop at one or another of the passages, especially, at that from Eckerö to Grisselham for whenever the wind is contrary, or if there is no wind at all, you will find no boats, because the mariners will not risk to go over. This is only at the great passage, for a calm weather is the best for the small ones because there are a great number of rocks on all sides, at the small passages, and the best way is to row. For the same reason, when the wind is strong, you can’t pass the small passages. But at this season of the year it is impossible to row over the passage of the Ålandshaff in a day; and it is dangerous to arrive in the night. When we arrived at Eckerö we found there the post from Åbo, that had stay’d there for want of wind a whole week, and we were very lucky not to stay more than one night. Upon the whole all the passages are very disagreable especially at this season of the year, when the weather is commonly bad. There is another road which some travellers take in winter, which they call here, making the northern tour; but this is never done unless it is impossible to go the other way; because it makes a difference of noless than 240. Swedish miles which makes about 1700. English.


Title: [November 1782]
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

      N(1782.)S. November 1. Friday.

       We were obliged to wait about 2 hours at a Dram Shop out of the city waiting for the gates to be opened. And there Mr. Gummer overtook us. He had left St. Petersbourg the same day with us, at about 4 o’clock. P.M. At seven o’clock the gates were opened and we went and stopp’d at the tavern. Mr. Gummer dined out. I was very unwell. The Count and Mr. Gummer spent the evening out: I was so unwell I did not go.

     List of the roads from St Petersbourg to Wibourg.

      From St. Petersbourg to
      wersts

      Dranizoukow Dranichnikowa
      25.

      Walkiasiary
      15.

      Lindola Lindoulia
      18.

      Weremcki
      20.

      Surenoja Souvenoya
      19

      Kamerala Kämära
      20.

      Wibourg
      22.

      139

   In general people take for the first post private horses. We paid 4 Roubles for 4 horses. For post horses you pay for the first station 2. copicks. pr. horse pr. werst. From Draniznikow to Lindola you pay 1. copick pr. horse pr. werst, and from Lindola forward you pay only 8 copicks pr. 10 wersts for each horse. When we arrived at Draniznikow we gave 30 copicks to the post master and had our horses directly. We gave at every post 5. 6. or 8 copicks to the post master and were very well served for horses. We gave the postillions from 5. to 15 Copicks, but never 15. unless in the night. The roads in general are very bad from Petersbourg to Wibourg, at the present season of the year, because the Land is pretty good and the frequent rains have made a great deal of mud. There are no houses where to lodge, and if one does not go night and day, one must sleep in the carriage.
       Wibourg is a small city situated upon the river:  very strongly fortified: the houses are almost all of wood; there is but one tavern in the town; and that is not very good.

   Because JQA’s spellings of town names along the route from St. Petersburg to Stockholm often vary widely from contemporary sources, alternate spellings have been supplied from “Carte de la partie européenne de l’empire de Russie avec l’indication des chemins de poste, ainsi que des douanes frontières et de la repartition actuelle en gouvernements et districts,” St. Petersbourg, 1809.

   The map, referred to above, lists Bieloostrowskaya Kirka as 18 versts from Lindoulia.

   The same map lists Pampola as 20 versts from Lindoulia.

   Left blank in MS.

      2d Saturday.

       This morning at about 11 o’clock we set off from Wibourg for Frederichshamm; we rode all night and arriv’d, the next day at about 4. o’clock P.M.

   The Diary continues into the following day’s entry without a break.

      3d. Sunday.

       Mr. Gummer arrived there at about 8 o’clock in the morning. Here people generally change their russian money for Swedish Rixdallers. We paid 1 Rbl. 40 cop. for each Rixdaller. Mr. Gummer supped out.

     List of the roads from Wibourg to Frederichshamm.

      From Wibourg to
      wersts

       Terwajoki Tervayokki
      20.

      Willajoki Willayokki
      17.

      Urpala Urpola
      23.

      Pytterlax Puterlar
      16

      Kouckis
      18

      Frederichshamm
      16.

      110.

   From Wibourg to Frederichshamm you pay the same for the horses and for the postillions as from Lindola to Wibourg; the roads in general are at present very bad, and no such thing as a tavern upon the whole way.

   In the “Carte de la partie européenne de l’empire de Russie,” Hrenwik is listed as 16 versts from Frederichshamm. See entry for 1 Nov., note 1 (above).

      4th. Monday.

       This forenoon at about 10 ½ o’clock we left Frederichshamm and rode till about 7. P.M. when we arriv’d at the last russian station. There we stopped.

      5th. Tuesday.

       This morning at about 10 o’clock we pass’d the russian frontiers and arriv’d at Abborfors which is the first place in Swedish Finland. Here we were visited. We arriv’d at Lovisa at about 12. o’clock. Mr. Gummer arrived last night about 10 o’clock.

        List of the roads from Frederichshamm to Lovisa.

       When you come into Swedish Finland you pay every thing in Swedish money. You give 4. schillings pr. horse for each Swedish mile which is 10. russian wersts. They count here the money in Rixdallers schillings, and stübers. A Rixdaller is 48 schillings or about 1 ½ Roubles Russian. A schilling is 4. stübers, or a little more than 3 russian copecks. The postillions commonly have 4. schillings for 3. You are not obliged to give anything, and they are very content for 1 schilling each. There are no regulated posts in Sweden. Each peasant is obliged to furnish a certain number of horses according as he is able, and to prevent their making travellers stop too long, at each post there is a paper where you write your name, where you come from where you go, how many horses you take, and whether you was served quick. At the end of every month the paper is carried before the judge of the village who examines it, and if he finds any complaint against the peasants they are punish’d accordingly. But I should advise travellers always to have their horses ordered before hand for 8 or 10 miles, for then you are sure of having the horses all ready when you arrive at the post. Whereas when you do not have them ordered before hand it is sometimes impossible for them to have their horses ready in less than an hour and sometimes an hour and a half, and it costs but a trifle, to have the horses ordered beforehand.

   Here follows a blank space of about four lines.

      6th. Wednesday.

       This day we dined with the major of the garrison here whose name is Grippenwald. After dinner we set off from Lovisa for Helsingfors Helsinki and went two stations. Lovisa is as yet but a village without fortifications, or gates. It is but about twenty years since it was founded but it is said they intend to begin soon to fortify it.

      7th Thursday –8th Friday.

       This afternoon at about 4 o’clock we passed thro’ Borgo Borga which is a small fortified town. We rode all night and arrived at about 7 o’clock in the morning on the 8th. at Helsingfors, a small town not very strongly fortified, but remarkable for the fortress of Sweaborg Sveaborg an island situated at about ¼ of a Swedish mile from Helsingfors and which they say is as strong as Gibraltar. At about 11. o’clock we went and paid a visit to the Count Posse governor general of all the troops in Swedish Finland. We desired of him a permission to see the fortress of Sweaborg. He told us that it was impossible for us to go to day because the wind was high and contrary so that we should arrive there too late, but that tomorrow he would willingly give us a permission. We dined and supped with him at his house.

   Entries for 7–8 Nov. continue without interruption in the Diary; date lines are in the margin, however.

   Fredrik Arvidsson Posse, a close associate of King Gustav III, who was given full command of the Swedish army in Finland in 1780 and served as commander-in-chief of the Finnish division during the war with Russia in 1788 (Biographiskt Lexicon öfver Namnkunnige Svenska Män, 23 vols., Orebo and Uppsala, 1836–1857).

      9th. Saturday.

       This morning we went to see the fortress of Sweaborg. Dined with the General Posse. Prince Galitzin arrived here this evening.

   Possibly a brother or son of Prince Dmitri A. Gallitzin (1734–1803), a man of letters and Russian ambassador at Paris, 1763–1768, and at The Hague, 1770–1782 (Repertorium der diplomatischen Vertreter aller LänderRepertorium der diplomatischen Vertreter aller Lander seit dent Westfalischen Frieden (1648), ed. Ludwig Bittner and others, Oldenburg, &c, 1936-1965; 3 vols., p. 354, 359; JA, Diary and AutobiographyDiary and Autobiography of John Adams, ed. L. H. Butterfield and others, Cambridge, 1961; 4 vols., 3:3, 15, 29; Eufrosina Dvoichenko-Markoff, “Benjamin Franklin, the American Philosophical Society, and the Russian Academy of Science,” Amer. Philos. Soc., Procs.,American Philosophical Society, Proceedings. 91 [1947]:252–253).

      10th. Sunday.

       This morning at about 8 o’clock we left Helsingfors, at the same time as the Prince Galitzin. We went this day, three stations. The Prince went but two.

      11th. Monday.

       This day we went only two stations and stopp’d at the country seat of Mr. Hising an acquaintance of Mr. Gummer’s at Fagerwik.

      12th. Tuesday.

       We went only 3. swedish miles. Stay’d at the country house of Captain Anrinoff son in law to Mr. Hising, at Åmine.

      13th. Wednesday – 14th Thursday.

       We left Åmine at about 10 o’clock A.M. and rode all day, and all the night and arrived at about 12. o’clock at Åbo, on the 14th. This is a small town not much fortified but it is the capital of the province of Finland and is said to be the largest town in Sweden except Stockholm.

     List of the roads from Lovisa to Åbo.

      From Lovisa to
      Swed: Miles

      Perna
      1
      1/4.

      Forsby.
      1.

      Ilby.
      1
      1/4

      Borgo.
      1.

      Wäkaski
      1
      1/4

      Sibbokykeky Sibbo
      1
      1/4

      Hakbolo Haxböle
      1
      1/2

      Helsingfors
      1
      3/4.

   This entry continues into the next day without a pause; the dateline is in the margin.

      15th. Friday.

       This forenoon we went and paid a visit to General Armfeldt governor of Finland. We dined at his hotel with the Prince Galitzin who arriv’d last night. After dinner we went to see the curiosities of the town, but there is nothing extraordinary altho there is a famous University here. In the evening the General Armfeldt came and paid us a visit.

   Gustaf Mauritz, Baron von Armfelt, a native of Finland, who served as a Swedish diplomat and president of the Council of Finland (Biographiskt Lexicon öfver Namnkunnige Svenska Män, 23 vols., Orebo and Uppsala, 1836–1857).

   Abo Akademi or Universität Abo, the Finnish national university, which was removed to Helsinki in 1827 after a fire. General Armfelt served as its chancellor (Eino Kaila, Les trois sièecles du l’Université de Finlande, 1640–1940, Helsinki, 1940, p. 59–60; Repertorium der diplomatischen Vertreter aller LänderRepertorium der diplomatischen Vertreter aller Lander seit dent Westfalischen Frieden (1648), ed. Ludwig Bittner and others, Oldenburg, &c, 1936-1965; 3 vols., p. 492).

      16th. Saturday.

       This morning at about 10 o’clock we left Åbo at the same time with the Prince Galitzin, but Mr. Gummer intends to stay there about a week because he has all his family here and has been a long time absent. We went this day 7 ½ Miles as far as the first passage at Helsings.

      17th. Sunday.

       This morning we took boat and went as far as Varsala Wartsala i.e. two miles: we could go no farther.

      18th. Monday.

       This morning we set off from Varsala in a boat and went 5. miles as far as Kůmlinge. Fine weather.

      19th. Tuesday.

       This day we passed from Kůmlinge to Skarpans by water. The distance is, 6. Swedish miles. We went also two stations by land.

      20th. Wednesday.

       This day at about 4 o’clock P.M. we arrived at Eckerö. The Prince Galitzin arrived at about eight o’clock.

      21st. Thursday.

       This morning at 7 ¾ o’clock we set off from Eckerö in a boat and arrived at Grisselham distant 7. Miles at about 11.¼. We stay’d there till 2. o’clock P.M. and went 4 stations after.

      22d. Friday.

       This evening at about 11.o’clock we arrived at Stockholm. We found all the taverns in the town shut up, and could not get one opened.

     List of the roads from Åbo to Stockholm.

      From Åbo to
      Swed: miles

      Nussis Nummis

      2.

      Tursanparo

      1.

      Laertes

      1
      1/2

      Botila

      1
      1/4

      Helsings

      1
      3/4.

      à Varsala (par eau) by water

      2.

      Bränden. Brandö do.

      2
      1/4

      Kumlinge   do.

      2
      1/2

      Wargata.   do.

      3
      1/4.

      Skarpans.   do.

      3.

      Haraldsby (par terre) by land

      1
      1/2

      a river

      Enkarby Emkarby

      1
      1/4

      Trebenby

      1
      1/4.

      Marby. . (by water)

      1/8.

      Eskerö

      7/8.

      Grisselhamn (by water)

      7.

      a river

      Taefta (land) Täfteå

      3/4.

      Stubby

      1
      1/2

      Swanberg Svanberga

      1
      1/2

      Kragstad

      1
      1/4.

      Rylanda

      1.

      Hall

      1
      1/4.

      Östby

      1.

      Enstad

      2.

      Stockholm

      2.

      Swedish Miles
      44.
      6/8

   Better than one half of the way you are obliged to go by water. And what is worse a traveller is very often obliged to stop at one or another of the passages, especially, at that from Eckerö to Grisselham for whenever the wind is contrary, or if there is no wind at all, you will find no boats, because the mariners will not risk to go over. This is only at the great passage, for a calm weather is the best for the small ones because there are a great number of rocks on all sides, at the small passages, and the best way is to row. For the same reason, when the wind is strong, you can’t pass the small passages. But at this season of the year it is impossible to row over the passage of the Ålandshaff in a day; and it is dangerous to arrive in the night. When we arrived at Eckerö we found there the post from Åbo, that had stay’d there for want of wind a whole week, and we were very lucky not to stay more than one night. Upon the whole all the passages are very disagreable especially at this season of the year, when the weather is commonly bad. There is another road which some travellers take in winter, which they call here, making the northern tour; but this is never done unless it is impossible to go the other way; because it makes a difference of noless than 240. Swedish miles which makes about 1700. English.

   That is, from Eckerö to Grisselhamn, across the Ålands Haf, or Ålands Sea, the body of water which separates the Åland Islands archipelago and the Swedish mainland, at the entrance of the Gulf of Bothnia.

      23d. Saturday.

       After having passed the whole night in the street, at last, we found a publick house at the Swedish arms, said to be the best in the city; but if it is the best is not good for much. This forenoon Mr. Brandenburg came here and gave me a letter from Mr. D. After dinner we went into a bookseller’s shop to buy some books. We found there a gentleman whose name is Watström; he is director of the mines. As soon as he found we were strangers without knowing us, he offered to show us every thing that is to be seen in town; and could not have been more polite if we had been strongly recommended to him: indeed I have found from our first entrance into Sweden; that strangers are treated with a great deal of Politeness and civility all over the country.

   Probably Dana to JQA, 21 Oct. (Adams Papers), in which Dana gave JQA directions for the delivery of letters to JA, who would probably be in Paris when JQA reached The Hague, and instructions to have the ciphers intended for America thrown overboard in case of capture.

   Charles Bernard Wadström, with whom JQA was to stay during part of the coming winter, was a Swedish mechanical and mining engineer in government service. In 1769 he was responsible for making navigable the cataract of Trollhättan (sometimes Trolhaéetta or Drolhetta), which JQA saw on 20 Jan. 1783 (below). In 1787 Wadström went to Africa, where he remained for two years. Afterward he visited England, where he advocated the abolition of the slave trade and encouraged the establishment of philanthropic colonies in Africa. While in London he published in 1789 his Observations on the Slave Trade, and a Description of Some Part of the Coast of Guinea . . ., as well as subsequent works of a similar nature. Later, while minister resident to the Netherlands, JQA renewed his friendship with Wadström by correspondence (Helen Maria Williams, “Memoirs of the Life of Charles Berns [Bernard] Wadström,” The Annual Register . . . For the Year 1799, new edn., London, 1813, p. 326–330; Wadström to JQA, 5 Dec. 1795, and JQA to Wadström, 5 July 1797, LbC, Adams Papers).

   JQA spent the next five weeks (24 Nov.–31 Dec. 1782) in Stockholm, but little is known about his activities there. His seventh Diary, which was written on the blank pages in a Swedish almanac, contains numerous markings by the names of various Swedish officials, presumably those he met while staying in Stockholm. In addition, JQA makes mention, in the few extant letters he wrote during his stay in the country, of Swedish merchants he met in Stockholm, as well as other towns and villages, who were interested in beginning trade with the United States (JQA to JA, 1 Feb. 1783, Adams Papers; JQA to AA, 23 July 1783, WritingsThe Writings of John Quincy Adams, ed. Worthington C. Ford, New York, 1913-1917; 7 vols., 1:8).


Title: January 1st. 1783.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       We found here Mr. Schiebe a gentleman who left Stockholm about a week before us.
       Norrkiöping is distant from Stockholm eighteen swedish miles or 120. English. Its situation is exceeding fine, at present every thing is covered with Snow; but it is in the midst of a plain which is bordered all round at about 6. or 8 English Miles from the town by high mountains from which you at first discover the city and in summer it seems to be in the midst of a large garden.
       After having dined I went to the coffee house, and found there Mr. Charles Bernard Wadström a gentleman whom I knew in Stockholm and whom I owed a great many obligations during my stay there; he presented me to all his family which was assembled together at one of his brother’s, where I stay’d and supped.


Title: Jany. 2d.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This day I dined at Mr. C. B. Wadström’s. In the evening I went to the coffee house.


Title: 3d.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This morning the Count set off from here and continued his route for Carlscrona Karlskrona. I went with Mr. Wadström about 3. Swedish miles out of town, to pass there this day and tomorrow.


Title: 5th.
From: Adams, John Quincy
To:

       This forenoon I went with Mr. Schiebe to the german church, but it happened this day that we had a Swedish sermon. I dined at Mr. C. B. Wadström’s. After dinner I went with him out of town to his brother’s where we stay’d till after supper, and then return’d in town.