Title: To George Washington from Edmund Pendleton, 11 September 1793
From: Pendleton, Edmund
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            Edmundsbury [Va.] Sepr 11. 1793

          Being called to a public communication with you, I feel an Indispensible duty &
            inclination to pay you my personal respects at the same time, if it were only to
            reiterate, which I hope is unnecessary, sincere Assurances that neither time, or the
            dirty scriblings with which the public has been lately pestered, have produced the
            smallest abatement in my private Affection for you, or my unlimited confidence in yr
            Public Administration, both which are so rivited as not to be shaken by attacks much
            more weighty than those “Trifles light as Air.” such I hope and beleive is their
            estimation with you, so as to give you no uneasiness.

          Sequestered as I am in a manner from the Public world, I know little of what is doing
            in it, further than is retailed in the papers; and those appear to me in most instances
            a source of Partial, false or delusive Information. I find however that the Officer at
            the head of the fiscal department stands charged by some Members from hence, with
            misapplication of the public money, a charge & enquiry which will probably be
            revived & pursued with spirit at next Session—my wish is that it may be probed to
            the bottom, Impartial Justice done and the Public guarded agt all deviations from the
            laws of appropriation, (before the mischief is become considerable, or the practice
            acquires the strength of Custom,) except in extraordinary cases, by order of the
            Executive, and to be communicated to Congress for their approbation.
          I am an Utter stranger to the Gentn at the head of that department, & pretty much
            so to the detail of his Conduct, but I will confess to you Sir, that all his reports on
            Ways & means, from that on the funding System to the present day, have impressed me
            with an Idea of his having made the System of the British Minestry, the model of his
            conduct as assumed American Primate—chusing rather to trust to a monied Interest he has
            created, for the Support of his measures, than to their rectitude—I don’t say these were his motives, but such they appear to me, & I
            fear we shall long feel the effects of the System even if it were now to be changed, wch
            it is supposed would be improper, at least as to the funding System.
          The Nondiscrimination he so much laboured, appeared to me a Sacrifice of the substance
            of Justice to it’s shadow; its effects do throw unearned wealth into a few unmeriting
            hands, instead of diffusing it (after repaying them their purchase money) to those who
            entitled themselves to it by the most Meritorious consideration.
          The assumption of the State debts in a lump before it was ascertained that they were
            created for common benefit (which would make them an equitable charge on the Union)
            seemed to me unaccountable, unless derived from the Secretary’s position that increase
            of public debt is beneficial; A maxim adopted by the British Cabinet, but unsupported by
            reason or other example, & it’s National effects there strangely misrepresented.
          The various kinds & Value of the new Certificates, I see inconveniencies in, but
            can discover no other reason for than to give the rich Speculators at
            or near the Seat of Government an advantage over the distant, uninformed, unwary or
            distressed Citizens and the recommended irredeemable quality, as a means of increasing
            their Credit in circulation, is a paradox of which no Solution has yet Occurred to my
              mind.
          A moderate Impost on all imported articles ad valorem, for the sole purpose of Revenue,
            laid equally through the States, altho’ it would have fallen more heavily on some than
            others, would yet have been unexceptionable, since the inequality would have been the
            effect of the chosen System of each. But to point out particular Articles as the
            subjects of high taxation, either as a Sumptuary regulation, or as a bounty, premium, or
            protecting duty to encourage American Manufactures, appears to Me an improper
            intermedling of Governmt with the labour of the Citizens—peculiarly inconvenient, & producing effects partial & unjust in an Union of
            confederated States, dissimilar in their Systems of employing their labour; And rendring
            the amount of the estimated revenue precarious, which must be dim[in]ished in
            proportion, as the end proposed of prohibiting the importation, is answered, or the
            smugling of it increased by that of the temptation.
          To the Sinking fund & Bank Systems have been attributed the Character of Handmaids
            in the hands of the Secretary, to aid his money’d Interest in accumulating still more
            Wealth to their unbounded Mass, by Speculations: but as
            I don’t throughly understand them, & they seem to be the Subjects of principle
            charge agt him & remain to be Agitated before the proper Tribunal, I will forbear
            any Observations as to them, and proceed to beg pardon for the Liberty I have taken in
            the free expressions of my sentiments on the others: I seldom wish to obtrude my
            Opinions where I am not called by duty, or request to give them—To you, Sir, I can do it
            freely, because I know you will make no improper use of what I say—if there be any hint
            which may be useful & has not occur’d, you will improve it to Public benefit; if
            none such, you will throw by the whole as the well meant reveries of a fireside
            Politician, who never had much Pretensions to the Character of a Statesman, but
            cordially hates all Intrigues, finesse & Stratagems in Government, as well as in
            Private transactions.
          It may be thought that I owe a particular Appology for my freedom in the cases which
            have been sanctioned by Laws, to you who approved them but I can truly say I neither
            meant, nor do I think you involved in the mistaken Policy, if it was
            such; and as this may seem as great a paradox as that I have imputed to the Secretary, I
            will at Least attempt it’s Solution, as thus—I ever considered Your modified Negative
            upon the Laws, tho’ useful, as the most delicate part of the Presidential duty, (until
            the preservation of Neutrality in the present situation of things Occur’d.) For one man
            to set up his Opinion agt that of a Majority of two numerous bodies, representing the
            people to be governed by a law, & on that ground only to disapprove a law so Passed,
            would be very disagreable & no doubt much complained of: I always considered the
            Power as intended to be exercised on great Occasions, either when A law violates the
            Constitution (& so it has been once exercised, I believe wth general
              Approbation) or is produced by sudden heat of Parties.
            I therefore do not consider your suffering an Act to pass, as a proof that you would as
            a Member have voted for it, but to evince that you do not judge it a case in wch the
            Constitution meant you should interpose yr Negative. If this Solution don’t furnish my
            Appology, I know I shall find one in yr Candor, & on that I rest.
          I am sorry to hear that Philadelphia is visited by a Pestilential fever, &
            cordially wish you may escape it, for your own Sake & that of mankind. After
            strugling for 8 years through various complaints apparently of a Chronic kind, I find
            myself tolerably easy, except as to lameness & the effects of 72, an old age for a
            man who has spent upwards of 50 of them in a Stretch of his mental powers, tho’ not
            equal to Mansfield or Franklin.
          That you may Long Continue here & happy, & when removed from this, experience
            increased & never ending Felicity in a better Countrey; & that the good Mrs
            Washington may participate in both, is the Cordial wish of Millions, but of none more
            so, than of My Dr Sir Yr ever Affectionate & mo. Obt Servt

            Edmd Pendleton


Title: To George Washington from John Doughty, 12 September 1793
From: Doughty, John
To: Washington, George

              Sir
              Morris Town [N.J.] 12th Septr 1793

            I have the Honor to enclose you the Resolutions of the County of Morris, passed the
              10th inst: They contain the free & unbiassed sentiments of a respectable Body of
              free Men, who haveing dearly earned, know well how to estimate the Blessings, we all
              enjoy under the federal Constitution—May those Blessings be long continued to us,
              & may you Sir be continued the happy Instrument of administering them, in the
              sincere prayer of sir, your most devoted Humble servt

              Jno. Doughty


Title: To George Washington from Edward Newenham, 12 September 1793
From: Newenham, Edward
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir—
            Dublin [Ireland] 12 Sept. 1793

          To the mind of a most Sincere & unalterable Friend, it must appear a Length of
            years Since I was favoured with a Line from the Man, whom I have & ever shall
            revere, as the Greatest ornament of this Century—The Freind of the real &
            Constitutonal rights of Man, who, in his Glorious Career of Victory, united the Soldier,
            the Citizen, & Legislator—who, Equaly disdaining Popular applause, when unmerited,
            or Monarchial offers of Titles & Employments, Served the Cause of true Liberty, & in the Conclusion of the Noble Contest, became the Chosen
            favourite of the Conquerors & Conquered—whose departing hours will not be disturbed
            by the Remembrance of murders without the Common Tryals of the most Savage Nations—who
            Supported the Impartial Tryal of the accused, & though possessed of Power, &
            which power might in many Cases have been justly exercised by inflicting the pains of
            Death on Convicted Criminals, yet, my Dear & Ever respected
            George Washington, proved himself Superior to the modern mode of Domination, & of
            raising himself above his fellow-Citizens, Except where merit so justly placed him—no
            rewards were offered for Assasinations of Commanders of Armies or the Despots of
            Tyranny—your Great Soul revolted at Such Deeds—you was, you are & Ever will be the
            real Example of Patriotism—the Name of Patriot is disgraced in Europe—the Late King of
            France (with all his Faults) gave way to our most Virtuous & respectable freind the
            Marquiss of La Fayett’s advice—& Surrendring all the Pomp & Splender of the
            Crown of France, agreed to a New Constitution; that he Endeavoured to Escape from
            France—I admit—but it was at a Period, when his Life was in dayly
            danger—In my humble opinion Fayette was a true Friend to a proper & Free
            Constitution his Confidential Letters to me in 1790 prove it—they are a record of his
            most Virtuous Principles—had ill-fated France adopted his measures & Plan, she would
            have reigned the Arbitrer of Europe, & her People been the
            best Governed—he wished to Adopt the British Constitution, with a few Alterations; these
            Alterations would have made a Perfect System of Happiness for the
            Governer & Governed; I cannot presume to Dive into
            the Secrets of Courts—but I will say, that the Prussians Keeping
            La Fayette in Prison, is contrary to the rules of War—Justice—Generosity or Policy—I
            have not heard of or from him, Since Six days before he declared a Prisoner—I Know not
            whether he is alive or Not—for the Reports are so Various & Contradictory—I have
            addressed a few open Lines to him, but never receivd an Answer—I
            have a thought, to apply to the Austrian Embassader, to Know where he is, & whether
            he is alive—& whether a Letter open for the Embassadors Inspection, could be
            forwarded to him—that Letter containing nothing but family affairs.
          This Kingdom has been for some Time convulsed with the most dangerous Kind of
            Democratical Principles—Viz. an Entire Equality of Property—one house of
            Representatives—no Second House—or Council, Except 21 to be Chosen out of the
            Representatives & Changed Every Six years; Vacansies to be filled up by Election
            from the Representatives, who are to be Chosen annualy; a President to be Chosen Every
            Month—a Total repeal of all the Acts of forfeiture—all the Nobility to be laid aside—all
            the military to be nominated by the 21—In short, the plan was for those Men who had no
            landed Property, to rize into power by the aid of the People, & then become their
            Tyrants—not 10 Men of Farming or Landed Property of £300 a year approved of Such a
            System.
          I feel alarmed at the reports circulated in the English & foreign news papers,
            Stating, that the united States & Great Brittain are likely to break the bonds of
            Peace—God! forbid it, as it would be ruin of Both Countries—their Natural Interest ought
            to unite them (for Ever) as the most warm Allies—Should any disagreable occurence
            happen, I trust it will be done away by an amicable Conference—& that the Sword will
            never be drawn between them.
          Under Pretence of Reform, a set of Men instigated the very lowest of the People, to
            Rob, Murder & Pillage the Protestants. In many Counties the[y] disarmed the
            Protestants & then another party Robbed them—The papers attached to this party is
            using Every Endeavour to insinuate to the Public at Large, that there will be an
            Immediate Declaration of War between America & England.

          This day orders were issued for 3 Regiments of Cavalry & 8 of foot to Embark
            immediatly to Join the Duke of Yorke—the foot were under orders for some Service in the
            West Indies, but that plan is Suddenly Changed, as it seems, that the Duke of Yorke is
            thought to be in Danger; Should all the Able of Men in France rize at once, they would
            soon overpower their opponents, but I imagine that their internal Divisions will prevent
            Such unanimity; it reminds me of Arnolds proclamation, before the Convention at
            Saratoga; I was & am an advocate for the first glorious Revolution in 1789—but am an
            Enemy to the Present System of Government in France.
          My fourth Son who was settled at Marsaills & a Captain in the National Guards, left
            them, as soon, as the King was executed; he lost all his property; he has some thoughts
            of going to Philadelphia—⟨he⟩ is a most accomplishd young Man, but we do not wish to
              ⟨mutilated⟩ with him; my Family is Encreasing in Grand
            Children, two of my Sons having had Sons, last week—our
            Harvest here is most abundant & good; & if we have good weather to save it, we
            shall be able to Export some to Germany; the Host of Combatants on the Continent will
            require great Quantities of Corn, of which I Suppose America will Supply one
            Quarter.
          Lady Newenham joins me in most respectfull Compliments to Mrs Washington & you. I
            have the Honor, to be, Dear Sir with unalterable Esteem & respect—your most Obt
            & Very Hble Sert

            Edward Newenham

            P.S. want of money obliged me to sell my beautyfull Estate of Bell Chaupe for £6000,
              though it Cost me above £10,000.


Title: To George Washington from David Humphreys, 13 September 1793
From: Humphreys, David
To: Washington, George

              My dear Sir.
              Lisbon [Portugal] Septr 13th 1793.

            The consolation I derive from your good & friendly letter of the 23d of March
              compensates a great deal for the cruel chagrine I feel for so long an absence from
              every thing my heart holds most dear. It is particularly a cordial for many uneasy
              sensations I feel at the present moment, respecting the interesting affair in which I
              am engaging.
            It was somewhat of a curious circumstance that I should have been writing to you
              almost at the instant you was writing to me, and in part upon the same subject, viz.,
              your re-election to & re-acceptance of the office of President. My sentiments are
              so clearly expressed in that letter, that I need not repeat them in this.
            You will have the goodness to recollect, that, long ago, I told my friend Mr Lear, I
              was afraid of writing to you, lest you should give yourself more trouble than you
              really ought to do in answering my letters. Be persuaded, my dear & most beloved
              General, it is only under condition of your absolutely suffering no inconvenience on
              the account, that I shall continue at times to use the permission of giving you such
              remarkable & interesting articles of information as may come to
              my knowledge, so as to be communicated earlier than through other channels.
            We have at this moment one article of News of very great importance, which you can
              hardly receive from any other quarter so soon as from this. On the 28th of last month
              the Loyalists of Toulon gave up the Town & fleet to co-operate with the English
              & Spanish fleets before it, commanded by Lord Hood & Admiral Langara, in the
              establishment (as they term it) of Louis the 17th King of France. The Toulon fleet
              consisted of upwards of 30 Sail, of which 17 were manned & fit for Sea, and seven
              more in great forwardness. This intelligence came in so short a space of time as to
              render it suspicious, if it were not official to the Spanish Ambassador & the
              Portuguese Secretary of State for foreign Affairs, from whom I have it myself.
              Deputies from Merseilles were likewise said to be on board the combined fleet for the
              purpose of making the same cession of that City. An
              article which is more certain, is, that the advanced Corps of the French Army on the
              frontiers of Spain has been defeated by General Ricardos with the loss of 15 Cannon
              & a considerable number of men.
            Other reports of events of sufficient magnitude are rife in circulation, but by no
              means of equal authenticity—such as the capture of Cambray, Lisle & some other
              strongly garrisoned Towns, the approach of the Prince of Coburg on the one hand &
              Gaston (at the Head of the Loyalists) on the other, to some position within nine
              leagues of Paris, and that these two forces had opened a friendly intercourse with
              each other—this I do not greatly rely upon. We have no
              Packet since my last letter to the Secretary of State, but by an English Gazette
              accidentally received, it appears from an Official Account, the Duke of York had
              gained a splendid success over a superior force near Dunkirk. From other channels of intelligence, it seems that the French
              fleet from Brest, & Lord Howe’s channel fleet are both at Sea.
            The Troops destined by this Court to serve in Spain are certainly ordered to embark
              on Monday next—I learn this from the Secretary of State, who was so exceedingly polite
              as to offer me a passage to Gibralter on board one of the Men of War. This was when I
              called upon him yesterday to introduce Mr Church, as remaining in charge with the
              affairs of the U.S. during my absence. I had only to thank him for his politeness, for
              I could not have carried my effects by that conveyance without
              exciting improper conjectures, even if I had not already engaged another conveyance. I
              was glad to find he had no suspicions of the real object.
            It is impossible to be more sensible of the good policy of our preserving in all
              events an unshaken resolution of neutrality, than I am. I rejoiced therefore most
              sincerely in the measures you had taken for that purpose. And I have endeavoured to
              cooperate in the same system, as far as lay in my power, by making every body believe
              it was not less our inclination than interest to avoid being involved in a war of such
              a complicated nature & at such a distance. In the name of every thing sacred &
              dear, let us persevere firmly in the same inoffensive line of conduct, and let us
              improve diligently the natural & political advantages with which Heaven has
              favoured us. By those means we shall acquire the resources & power to redress
              hereafter any partial & temporary inconveniences & wrongs we may suffer at
              present, on account of our pertinacious adherence to the pacific system. Yes—my dear
              General, I do verily believe we can finally preserve Peace for ourselves, if we
              seriously determine upon it. The Atlantic is our best friend. Notwithstanding the
              unfavorable dispositions of Spain (which I have communicated to the Secretary of State
              in two letters, & which I have reason to believe
              exist in as great a degree as ever) England, as a Maritime Power, is the only nation
              that can force us into a war. And whatever the dispositions of that Government may be,
              rest assured, if we use all the reasonable & just means in our power to prevent
              our being dragged into hostility, the People of England will either prevent the
              Government from causing that deplorable event; or, after a short time, they will take
              part (I mean with a powerful & effectual opposition) against the Government, with
              us. In the last resort, a dignified, spirited & calm address to the People of
              England might not be without its effect. I am, therefore, well assured, you will
              continue to make the World believe, we are unalterably determined, by words &
              actions of the clearest demonstration, to follow as a nation the paths of justice
              & peace alone. In the event of a war, this must render our Cause popular. This
              cannot fail to make an opposite conduct on the part of others, with respect to us,
              odious in the eyes of the World in general. In my judgment, we had better even make
              temporary & inconsiderable sacrifices, than be forced into
              measures, which, however they may ultimately terminate to our national glory, must, in
              the mean time, be attended with great misfortunes & losses. particularly, as they
              will serve to check our actual, progressive improvements. Let us remember that
              Switzerland, Genoa & some other little States are able to preserve their
              neutrality; and if it were not for the too intimate connection of Portugal with
              England & Spain, She would be able to do the same—The hostile preparations on her
              part, are unpopular here in a high degree.
            And now, my dear & respected General, to make a transition from the unpropitious
              affairs of war to the more desirable ones of peace, I cannot help expressing the
              strong sensations of joy, which your pleasing account of the prosperous state of our
              Country afforded me—It is from the plough, not the sword, the greatness &
              happiness of a nation must be ultimately derived. Apropos—of the plough—Mr Close (an
              English Clergyman & a great farmer, now here for his health) has ordered one of
              the newest & best construction to be shipped from England for you, in my name.
              This you will perceive by the enclosed extract of a letter from his Correspondent to
              him. I offered & insisted to pay the Bill for the plough, but Mr Close would not
              in any manner permit it: so it is a present from him to you. And I have no doubt will
              prove an acceptable & useful one.
            I intended fully to have written to my friend Mr Lear by this opportunity, but in my
              hurry of departure, I have not in truth time to do it. Pray, in apologising to him,
              have the goodness to offer my best compliments & sincerest regards to Mrs
              Washington and all my friends around you (the loss of one you
              know I sincerely lament)—and ever remain possessed of the sure & certain
              knowledge, that you have no one more cordially attached to you,
              or who more ardently wishes for the long & uninterrupted continuance of your
              health & happiness than your most affe. friend & grateful Servant

              D. Humphreys.


Title: Enclosure: Extract of a letter to Mr. Close, 1 August 1793
From: Unknown
To: Close, Mr.

              Dear Sir
              [c.1 August 1793]

            I have this day shipped the above on Board the William Penn, James Josiah, Comr for
                Philadelphia, by this post I have enclosed in a letter to Clement Biddle Esqr. the Bill of Loading, and have said to
              him that through the direction of Col. Humphrey’s, I have consigned it to his Care,
              and from whom I apprehended that his Excellency or himself woud hear farther on the
              Business—I have done this thinking that the Vessell might arrive at the port of
              Philadelphia, before the Bill of Loading cou’d reach Mr Biddle, if sent Via
              Lisbon.


Title: To George Washington from Mr. Meifren, 13 September 1793
From: Meifren, Mr.
To: Washington, George

            Mon General
            de Richemont Le 13. 7bre 1793

          une victime des Malheurs de st domingue S’adresse A vous Avec Confiance je suis un de
            ceux qui ont perdu dans un jour le fruit de plusieurs Années de travaux, et qui ont fui
            pour Se Soustraire Aux feu et aux flammes. j’etois bien eloigné de Croire que me Souvant
            en rade j’aurais été enlevé de mes foyers, et d’aupres d’une epouse vertueuse, que je
            n’ay Cessé de cherir. de ma fortune j’en Suis en quelque façon Consolé; mais le Sort de
            mon Epouse me donne des Cruelles, et justes inquietudes.
          j’ay été forcé Ainsy que tant dautres de la quitter. j’ay après etant à baltimore
            quelle existoit, mais me trouvant aujourdhuy A Richemont Aupres d’un Amy qui m’a
              apellé, je ne suis point Aportée d’avoir de ses
            Nouvelles.
          Ma position est donc des plus tristes. vous etez le Seul mon General qui puissiez
            porter Remede A Mes Maux; Votre vertu, votre Merite, et votre humanité A Secourir les
            Malheureux; me Sont un Sur garant, que prennant part A mon Sort vous
            voudrez bien charger un Capitaine partant pour le Cap de me mener Mon epouse. je joint
            Sous ce ply une lettre pour elle dont le Capitaine pourra Se charger.
          vous devez Mon General la preference que je vous donne quoique françois A votre Cœur
            bienfaisant. heureux sont ceux qui Sont Sous vos Loix. Croyez que je ne Cesse d’etre
            Avec le plus profond Respect Mon General Votre tres humble et tres obeissant
            serviteur

            Meifren


Title: To George Washington from John Butler, 14 September 1793
From: Butler, John
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            New-York, Sept. 14, 1793.

          NOTHING can be more gratifying to me, than the pleasure of dedicating a portion of my
            labors to a character of your eminence, distinguished as you are in the political world
            by an uniformity of your patriotic rectitude, and a faithful discharge of those
            important duties to which you have been called by the voice of a free people—the
            impartial system of the American government, and the equitable frame of her legislation,
            are such as puts censure to defiance, and the most insidious despot to silence.
          I am neither addicted to adulation or fulsom flattery, yet I cannot but exult, with a
            joy of unaffected purity, on the numerous blessings resulting to the American States,
            under the smiles of your auspices.

          Being early initiated into those principles, in which you have so eminently signalized
            the valor and virtue of a true republican, I rejoice at the priviledge of laying this
            essay at your feet, as an oblation offered upon the altar of liberty and equality.
          Posterity will look back with veneration on the name of Washington, as the secondary source from which republican liberty derived its
            energy. We know of few nations which have not experienced their revolutions, and changes
            of government, by the fate of war. May the wisdom of your counsel stimulate the united
            Americans to preserve, inviolate, that freedom they now enjoy; and may they long
            continue to participate in the blessings of mutual laws, reciprocal government, and
            impartial legislation, which are the dazling symbols of liberty and freedom.
          Convinced that liberty is no exemption from labor or industry, but is a powerful
            incentive to both–so in all free nations there must be hewers of wood and drawers of
            water; and it appears the essential duty of the whole community of republicans, to unite
            their efforts in erecting the plain, but magnificient edifice of equality, as a monument
            sacred to liberty and the freedom of conscience.
          These are the sentiments of a fugitive who has emigrated from the severe rigor of
            political persecution, to avoid the crushing power of haughty rulers, under whose
            despotism the thunder of anarchy roars from pole to pole. Storms and tempests shock the
            affrighted villager. The rapacity of kings and courtiers shed alike their sedition and
            their desolation: They plunge their sabres into the blood of innocence. Contending for
            power, they transform liberty into slavery; and, by their intrigue and subtlety,
            inveigle their subjects into vassalage.
          To see Europe tranquilized by a speedy adoption of those principles which inspire men
            with the sacred love of liberty—to see the sabre of despotism arrested from the hands of
            tyrants—to see thrones leveled with the earth’s smooth surface—and to see liberty reign
            paramount, is the fervent prayer of A devoted Advocate for the Cause of Liberty,

            JOHN BUTLER.


Title: To George Washington from Charles Fierer, 14 September 1793
From: Fierer, Charles
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Dumfries [Va.] Sept. 14th 1793

          I received your Excellency’s answer to my letter, of the 7th of July last, which induces me to hope that (as this favourable opportunity
            offers) your Excellency will be kindly pleased to indulge me with a copy of the letter,
            which was the object of my former application; The letter was dated (I think) sometime
            in August 1778—Head quarters, at the White plains, and directed to Henry Laurens Esqr.
            then President of Congress. I have the Honour to remain
            with profound respect, Your Excellency’s most humble & most obedient Servant

            Charles FiererLate Capt. of the Virginia State Cavalry


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Contee Hanson, 14 September 1793
From: Hanson, Alexander Contee
To: Washington, George

              Sir,
              Annapolis Septr 14, 1793

            The inclosed address was last week sent to Mr Henry Hill at Philadelphia, to be by
              him presented, in behalf of the citizens of Annapolis;
              but, as they have heard of your departure from Philadelphia, and are apprehensive,
              that you have not received it, I take the liberty of transmitting it by post, and have
              the honour to be, Sir, with every sentiment of profound veneration. Your most obedient
              and devoted servant

              A. C. Hanson


Title: Enclosure: Address from Annapolis, Maryland, Citizens, 5 September 1793
From: Annapolis, Maryland, Citizens
To: Washington, George

              Sir
              [Annapolis, 5 September 1793]

            The citizens of Annapolis conceive it their duty, at this time, to unite their voices
              with those of their fellow citizens in various parts of the United States; and they
              beg leave to assure you, that they are deeply and indelibly impressed with a sense of
              the paternal vigilance exalted wisdom and dignified firmness manifested by your
              proclamation on the subject of neutrality. It is their
              fixed determination to conduct themselves, agreeably to the principles, therein
              expressed; and they will exert their best endeavours, to prevent any infringement of
              them by others.
            They are, at the same time, persuaded, that on the faithful observance of subsisting
              treaties, according to their true intent and obvious construction, the prosperity and
              honour of our country greatly depend. They cannot be unmindful of the important
              advantages, derived from our generous allies, the citizens of France; and they doubt
              not, that, throughout the United States, there prevails a disposition, on all proper
              occasions, to testify their gratitude and affection. But they never can consent to the
              adoption of a conduct, which would violate the rules of universal justice, exceed
              greatly the extent of our national engagements, and hazard the blessings, we have
              acquired, without serving materially the cause of our friends.
            They cannot but lament that any diversity of sentiment, relative to the construction
              of a treaty has taken place in America; but they do not believe, that a real
              difference of opinion will elsewhere prevail. They reprobate the idea of the
              intervention of any foreign minister to correct supposed abuses in our government.
              Every communication of such a minister, to them, or any of their fellow citizens,
              unless thro’ the regular constituted authorty, and every interference by such a
              minister with the administration of our internal affairs, they hold not only repugnant
              to the usage of nations, but derogatory to the dignity of a free, and enlightened
                people.
            Permit them further to declare, that they feel a sublime gratification in avowing their steady attachment to the man, whom Providence seems
              to have raised up for the salvation of their country, and to have preserved, as the
              favoured instrument, for securing to millions the inestimable blessings of liberty
              independence and peace.
            That the people of America may always duly prize these blessings; that they may
              always possess discernment to detect the varying arts of delusion and that you, Sir,
              may for ever be happy, is the sincere and ardent wish of the citizens of
              Annapolis.
            By order of the citizens of Annapolis at a meeting, held at the Stadt-house, on
              Thursday September 5, 1793

              A. C. Hanson Chairman


Title: Enclosure: Resolutions from Williamsburg, Virginia, Citizens, 11 September 1793
From: Williamsburg, Virginia, Citizens
To: Washington, George

              [11 September 1793]

            At a Meeting of the Citizens of Williamsburg convened at the Courthouse of the said
              City on Wednesday the Eleventh day of September 1793.
            Resolved that William Russell be appointed Clerk to the meeting.
            Resolved that the Honorable Joseph Prentis be appointed President of the meeting.
            Resolved that a Committee be appointed to take into consideration the Proclamation of
              the President of the United States recommending a strict Neutrality towards the
              several European powers now at War. And a Committee was appointed consisting of The
              Reverend John Bracken John C. Byrd, Benjamin C. Waller, Samuel Griffin, Robert H.
              Waller, James Southall, Robert Greenhow, and Charles Hunt esquires, who retired and
              after some time Mr Bracken from the said Committee Reported that they had come to
              several Resolutions which being read were agreed to and are as follows to wit,
            Resolved that the conduct of the President of the United States hath been uniformly
              marked with that disinterested and unwearied attention to the duties of his Office and
              that prudent and persevering zeal for the welfare and liberties of his Country which
              give additional dignity and lustre to his former merits, and justly demands the
              approbation and gratitude of his fellow Citizens.
            Resolved that the late Proclamation of the President recommending the observance of a
              strict Neutrality by the Citizens of the United States towards the several European
              powers now at War was a prudent and wise measure, and furnishes a further proof of his
              vigilant attention to the interests of our Country.
            Resolved that we consider the original Arming and fitting out Privateers within any
              of the Ports of the United States as inconsistent with that Neutrality which we are
              bound to observe, and that we particularly consider it as a violation of duty in any
              Citizen to be concerned in or enter on board such Privateers.
            Resolved that the Executive is the Organ or medium through which Foreign Ministers
              ought to hold any communication of a publick nature with these
              United States; and that every attempt of any such Foreign Minister by himself or his
              Agents directly or indirectly to interfere in the concerns of the said States, or to
              prosecute the business on which he may be appointed to negotiate through any other
              medium, would be a daring insult on the sovereignty of the Union and call forth the
              warmest resentment and indignation of every good Citizen.
            Resolved that the several late publications which were intended to censure the
              conduct, or to asperse the reputation of our worthy fellow Citizen the President of
              thee United States, we consider as illiberal, and deserving our utmost contempt and
                detestation.
            Resolved that it is the duty of the constituted authorities of these United States,
              to observe with the most punctual fidelity, all their public engagements to foreign
              Powers, and particularly towards France, their generous Ally, whose real and
              disinterested friendship they have so often, and so effectually experienced.
            Resolved that the President of this meeting be requested to transmit to the President
              of the United States, a Copy of the foregoing Resolutions. Signed by Order of the Meeting

              Joseph Prentis Pr.
              Will: Russell Clerk


Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 15 September 1793
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

            sir
            Near Philadelphia 15 Septr 1793

          On the 13th I received a letter from General Wayne dated the 8th ultimo. He
            acknowledges to have received mine of the 20th of July, written in consequence of an
            express from the Commissioners forbidding him from encreasing his force at the head of
            the line. He complains of these orders and says that “our greatest difficulty will
            result from the want of timely supplies of provisions at the head of
              the line.”
          One of the contractors is here and says they have an abundance of provisions at Fort
            Washington, and means, to carry on at once a large Supply equal to 200000 rations. I
            have directed him to make specific and official returns of the quantity on hand, the
            quantity he can move with the Army, and the supply he can keep up with the Army while
            operating towards the Miami villages and the rapids of the Omee river.
          Brigr General Posey has been into Kentucky and reports to Genl Wayne that the
            voluntiers are all or nearly all engaged so as to march at a moments warning.
          The express from the Commissioners arrived at Pittsburg the 1st instant and was sent
            off the same day, the three copies, also arrived before the 3d, and were also all sent
            off to head quarters. General Wayne would probably
            receive the first on the 8th, his voluntiers would I should imagine all arrive by the
              1⟨9⟩ or 20th instant, so that he would then be able
            then to move forward at the rate of 15 miles a day—I should hope that he would move with
            his whole force from Fort Jefferson—the 1st of October at furthest. he states his
            regular troops for action to be about 2800, officers included. to these will be added of
            the detachments not arrived, at least 200—If he obtains his whole number of 1500 mounted
            voluntiers, his force will be equal to every savage combined, to the south of the lakes,
            and north of the Ohio. God grant him success!

              Map 1. Northwest
                Territory, 1792–1793.(Click thumbnail for larger version in new window)

              Map 2. Southwest
                Territory, 1792–1793.(Click thumbnail for larger version in new window)

          I have received a letter from Genl Smith secretary of the southern territory dated the
            23 August giving an account of another lawless expedition against the cherokees, in
            which were killed ten indian men, two Women, and sixteen women taken prisoners this
            expedition consisted of 180 mounted voluntiers under Colo. Dohorty. The consequence of this and such other expeditions is, that the
            cherokees are preparing to attack the territory with their whole Force. Apprehensions
            are great, and a considerable force is called out for the defence of the Country. An
            expence of one hundred thousand Dollars will probably be thus incurred by the said
            expeditions before the meeting of Congress!
          I have received a letter from Mr Seagrove of the 22 ultimo dated at Savannah in which
            he says that all continues quiet and that he was preparing to set off to the Rock
            Landing with the intention of going into the Indian Country provided the party should
            meet him at the Oakmulgee as he had requested to escort him into the nation.
          Colonel Pickering and Mr Randolph have arrived. The former found the yellow fever in
            his family having a son and servant sick with it but both likely to do well. Mr Randolph
            is with the attorney General. I have not seen either of them but Colonel Pickering has
            sent me their journal.
          The fever made great havoc the last week. among others Doctr Warner Washington. Doctor
            Rush’s success however is great indeed. I understand that he has given his medicine to
            upwards of 500 patients. He does not pretend to say they have all had the yellow fever
            but many undoubtedly had, and he lost only one since he adopted his new mode. He has
            acquired great honor in visiting every body to the utmost of his power. but his
            applications have been so general that it was utterly impossible to attend to all of
            them. But he directs the medicine and the Apothecaries prepares it.
          Mr Dupont the french Consul is dead with it. Mr Willing and Mr Barclay are well.
          Colonel and Mrs Hamilton have both recovered by a mode quite different from Rushes, and
            which is published under the signature of A.K.—Doctor
            Kuhn—They set off on saturday last for New York.

          The different opinions of treatment excite great inquietude—But Rush bears down all
            before him—so that I think if the weather should be cold, together with some rains that
            the fever will hardly be known on the 1st of Novr. from the opinions collected from a
            variety of quarters I do not think it encreases. the great seat of it at present seems
            to be from 2d to 3d street, and thence to Walnut streets. Water street however continues
            sickly. But the alarm is inexpressible. Every body who could, has removed into the
            Country.
          I hope to be able to set off hence eastward on the 19th or 20th—All the public offices
            of the State and of the U.S., are shut I beleive, or at least that very litle is done in
            them, exepting the war office—But as all my efficient clerks have left me from
            apprehension, mine will be as the others. According to my view however nothing will
            suffer during my absence as I shall put into train of execution, all the preparations
            directed.
          I beleive the french ships did not sail until the 15th from NewYork. Not a word has
            transpired of the communications to Mr Genet. The July
            packet has arrived. No news from Europe.
          Since writing the above I have seen Colonel Pickering, and also I have read the
            Journal. The verbal information, added to the written, remove every doubt of the source
            of the opposition, covered however in the most plausible manner. From his information it
            would appear impracticable to collect of the hostile Indians more than
              one thousand. He says that the most sensible of the quakers are of opinion that
            the United states have offered all that they ought to offer. He is of opinion that Brant has acted faithfully, and that the
            English do not much like him. I am Sir With the most perfect respect and attachment Your
            humble Servt

            H. Knox


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Spotswood, 15 September 1793
From: Spotswood, Alexander
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            Virga Nottingham Septr 15th 1793

          I did myself the honr to write you sometime past; that my Eldest Daughter had married a
            Mr Francis Brooke a gentleman in the profession of the law—and requested that if ever
            the naval officers place was Vacant at Hobs Hole where he lives, that you would be so
            good as to give him the appointment.
          I now have Some reason to Suppose it will be soon Vacant; (this post to my Son in law,
            in addition to his practice, would enable him better to provide for a riseing family;
            and I will Venture to assure you Sir, that the Bussiness will be conducted by him, with
            the greatest rigidness & punctuality—and I would not on any Acct recommend him to
            you, if I had not have had, many years proof, of his Strickt honour & Integrity—yr
            freindship in this Instance will lay me under Additional Obligations. with the Sincerest
            regard & Esteem an Attachment I remn yr obedt st

            A. Spotswood


Title: To George Washington from the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, 16 September 1793
From: Commissioners for the District of Columbia
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Sepr 16th 1793

          We forgot the other day to apply to you for your permission to make sales of the
            publick property in the City of Washington—We therefore
            transmit to you a Couple of Instruments for your signature similar to those given at
            former times—Considering it as a mere matter of form, we
            shall commence tomorrow, agreeable to advertizement, and expect you will favour us with
            the return of them by the Post of Wednesday. Your Hum.
            Servts

              Dd Stuart
              }
              Com.

              Danl Carroll


Title: From George Washington to Henry Knox, 16 September 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Knox, Henry

            Sir,
            Mount Vernon Sepr 16th 1793

          The Packet herewith sent, I fd at the Post Office in Alexandria, as I passed through
            that Town on Saturday after noon.
          The letter from the Minister of the French Republic, dated the 7th instt, in answr to
            one he had received from Govr Clinton of the 3d preceeding, breathes (as far as I can
            understand it from Mr Dandridge’s translation) the same language as all others do which
            have been received from that Gentlemen lately.
          The points in it to be decided on are two, first the proposition or rather information of Mr Genet respecting the Privateers Little Democrat &
            Carmagnole—and 2d the William Tell, Prize to the Cerf. If the latter should have got
            into the Court of Admiralty, it will not, (at least in the first instance) require the
            interference of the Executive; But if this should not have been the case, any opinion
            which you, the Secretary of State & Attorney General of the U. States, shall agree
            in (I take for granted that Colo. Hamilton is not in a situation to attend) may be
            forwarded to the Governor of New York as my decision in both, or either case; without
            refering it to me. With best wishes for your continuance
            in health. I remain Yours &ca

            Go: Washington


Title: Enclosure: Resolutions from James City County, Virginia, Citizens, 12 September 1793
From: James City County, Virginia, Citizens
To: Washington, George

              [12 September 1793]

            At a meeting of several Freeholders and Freemen of James City County convened by
              public advertizements at the Courthouse in Williamsburg the twelfth day of September
              1793. for the purpose of taking into consideration the proclamation of the President
              of the United States, and other Subjects of a political nature.
            The Right Revd Doctr Madison, elected Chairman.
            Robert H: Waller appointed Clerk to the meeting.
            The meeting appointed a Committee of Mr Pierce, Mr Saml Griffin, Mr Lee, The Revd Mr
              Bracken, Mr William Walker, and Mr Coleman, to prepare Resolutions on the subject of
              the President’s Proclamation, who retired, and after some short time, returned and
              reported sundry resolutions thereon, which were severally read, approved and adopted
              as follows.
            1st Resolved—As common sense points out to us, it is essential to the welfare of
              America, that the strictest neutrality be preserved towards all the belligerent powers
              of Europe; so we conceive, that nothing but the madness of Party,
              or the Folly of Individuals can suggest any measures, which may tend to the violation
              of such neutrality; or, in any way, involve the United States of America, seperated as
              they are by nature from Europe, in her sanguinary, ambitious and destructive
              contests.
            2d Resolved, that the late Proclamation of the President of the United States was
              founded in wisdom, and such as the Citizens of America, not only had a right to
              expect, both from his invariable patriotism and uniform attention to the Duties of his
              Office; but also such, as they are bound strictly to observe and enforce.
            3d Resolved, that it is the sacred Duty of the governing Powers to cause all existing
              Treaties to be observed with that exactitude, which the Laws of nations require.
            4th Resolved That as the People of America are fully competent to the conduct and
              management of their own political concerns; all foreign Interference of whatever
              nature, ought to be considered as a most presumptuous and dangerous attack upon their
              Sovereignty; and therefore, should such Interference, in the smallest degree, be
              discovered, it ought to be instantly repelled with that indignation, which becomes
              Freemen who know how to value and to preserve their political Liberty.
            5th Resolved, that this Meeting is conscious of the obligations which the People of
              America owe to the French nation for their generous assistance during the late War,
              and will at all times be ready to testify towards them the most cordial
              Friendship.
            6th Resolved that the Chairman be requested to transmit a Copy of the foregoing
              resolutions to the President of the United States.

              Signed, James MadisonChairman of the Meeting


Title: From George Washington to Alexander Contee Hanson, 18 September 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Hanson, Alexander Contee

              Sir,
              Mount Vernon 18. Septr 1793.

            Your favor of the 14 instant, enclosing an Address from the Citizens of Annapolis, I
              had the honor to receive in the afternoon of yesterday. The answer to it, I give you the trouble, as Chairman of the meeting, to receive
              under cover of this letter; praying you at the same time to be assured of the very
              great esteem & regard with which I am &c.

              Go. Washington


Title: Enclosure: To Annapolis, Maryland, Citizens, 16 September 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Annapolis, Maryland, Citizens

              Fellow Citizens,
              [c.16 September 1793]

            Conscious of having had in view the Interest & Happiness of the people of the
              United States, in the discharge of my public duties; and fully persuaded that
              remaining in a state of neutrality during the present contest between the powers of
              Europe, if not absolutely necessary to these objects, would tend in a very
              considerable degree to promote them, I receive with infinite satisfaction, testimonies
              from my Countrymen, from various parts of the Union, expressive of their approbation
              of a measure intended to advance the welfare of my fellow Citizens; & none have given me more pleasure, than receiving that of
              the Citizens of Annapolis.
            The present flourishing situation of our affairs, & the prosperity we enjoy, must
              be obvious to the good Citizens of the United States; it remains therefore for them to
              pursue such a line of conduct as will ensure these blessings, by averting the
              calamities of a War.
            The manner, Gentlemen, in which you are pleased to express yourselves towards me
              personally, merits & receives my warmest gratitude; and it will always be my
              greatest pride & happiness to receive the approving voice of my fellow
              Citizens.

              Go. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 18 September 1793
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

          (Private)
          sirnear Philadelphia 18th September
                1793
          I had the honor of writing to you on the 15th instant since
            which nothing further of a public nature has occurred excepting a report that Admiral
            Gardiners fleet has been seen off Sandy Hook. But considering the shattered condition of
            that fleet, and the near approach to the equinox the report may be doubted. It is said this is the cause the french ships have not sailed
            from New York, which they have not yet done.

          Mr Randolph has arrived and will set off in two or three days for Virginia.
          The mortality in the city where I was yesterday is excessive One has not nor can they
            obtain precise information but the best accounts of the 14th 15th and 16th which were
            warm days the numbers buried were not short of an hundred each day—some aver much more,
            and some much less. The streets are lonely to a melancholy degree—the merchants
            generally have fled—Ships are arriving and no consignees to be found. Notes at the banks
            are suffered to be unpaid. In fine the stroke is as heavy as if an army of enemies had
            possessed the city without plundering it.
          Mr Wolcot the Comptroller of the treasury and myself have taken Doctor Smiths house at
            the falls for temporary offices so that the public business should not be entirely at a
              stand.
          I shall set out for Boston tomorrow. Mrs Knox and all my children but the Youngest will
            to go Newark for a fortnight or three weeks. I understand Mr Jefferson set out
            yesterday. Mrs Randolph is urgent for Mr Randolph to go to Winchester, but he refuses,
            although he is impressed with the propriety of the measure, had you been previously
            informed of it. But he thinks some person ought to remain here to whom You may address
            your letters.
          Colonel and Mrs Hamilton it is said have excessively alarmed Mr Morris Family at
            Trenton having lodged there The people of Trenton refused to let them pass, and
            compelled them to return again to Mr Morris’s.
          I do not understand that the fever is much west of 4th Street—below that particularly
            in Water front 2d and 3 streets it is pretty general. The Weather yesterday and today is
            quite cool and favorable to checking the disorder. Everybody whose head aches takes
            Rush. Mr Meredith took upon an alarm 20 grams of calomel and as many of Jallap. although
            it cured him of his apprehensions of the yellow fever it has nearly killed him with the
            gout in his stomach.
          From the present view of the subject the earliest period at which it would be safe for
            you to return would be the first of November. I sent to inquire at your house yesterday
            and found them all well. I am sir With perfect respect and attachment Your obedient
            Servant.

            H. Knox


Title: Certificate for Lots Purchased in the District of Columbia, 18 September 1793
From: Stuart, David,Carroll, Daniel
To: Washington, George

          (Duplicate)
          Territory of Columbia, 18th September 1793
          At a Public Sale of Lots in the City of Washington, George
            Washington, President of the United States of America became purchaser of Lots No.
            twelve, No. thirteen & No. fourteen in Square No. six hundred & sixty seven for
            the consideration of one thousand and sixty six dollars & two thirds of a Dollar,
            subject to the Terms and Conditions concerning the manner of improvement published, and
            on the further terms of paying down one fourth part of the purchase money, and also
            paying the residue in three equal annual payments, with yearly interest on the whole
            principal unpaid, under forfeiture of the said fourth to be paid down: and he hath
            accordingly paid the said one fourth, to wit, two hundred and sixty six Dollars and two
            thirds of a Dollar, and he or his Assigns, on making the said other Payments, will be
            entitled to a conveyance of the said lot in Fee.

              Lots No. 12. 13. & 14Square No. 667.
              Dd Stuart,Danl CarrollCommissioners.


Title: To George Washington from Oliver Wolcott, Jr., 20 September 1793
From: Wolcott, Oliver Jr.
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            Philadelphia Sept. 20th 1793

          At the request of Colo. Hamilton I have the honour to enclose a copy of a memorandum
            describing the mode of treatment which was adopted in his case, when attacked with the
            prevailing fever.
          I am happy to announce, that the malady has within two days considerably abated, and I
            have no doubt that each successive day will present still more favourable aspects. I
            have the honour to be with the most perfect respect Sir, your most obedt servant

            Oliver Wolcott Jr


Title: Memorandum from Thomas Jefferson, 22 September 1793
From: Jefferson, Thomas
To: Washington, George

            Sep. 22. 1793.

          Heads of answer to the Caroline resolutions.
          Taking them up in their order, they appear susceptible of answer in the following
            way.
          The 1st & 2d by a concurrence of sentiment for the maintenance of the constitution,
            & preservation of peace, & the pleasure with which the President recieves their
            assurances of support in these objects.
          3. Notice of the expressions of their personal respect.
          4. Approbation of their expressions of gratitude to the
            French nation for aids extended in a time of need, and the honorable trait evidenced in
            the National character by a strong remembrance of it, even in the moment when the
            justice due to others imposes laws on the manifestation of it. that being firmly
            persuaded that the interest & happiness of all the parties engaged in the present
            contests of Europe will be most promoted by their obtaining every one what is right,
            & no more, we may innocently & justly pray to heaven that such may be the result
            of these afflicting contests.
          5. 6. 7. to express a firm attachment to the free
            principles of our government, & a confidence that the virtue & good sense of our
            citizens will counteract & defeat all measures which might tend to weaken their
            affection to these principles to alienate them from the republican government they have
            established for themselves, or to innovate on it’s character.
          8. it would seem more delicate & dignified to pass over
            this altogether.


Title: From George Washington to John Doughty, 23 September 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Doughty, John

            Sir,
            Mount Vernon 23d Septr ’93.

          Your Letter, conveying to me the resolutions, agreed to by the Inhabitants of Morris
            County, the 10 inst: has reached my hands.

          Their firm & manly sentiments, declared in the resolutions, & united
            determination to protect & defend the honor & dignity of our Country, are such
            as become the freemen & citizens of the United States; & evince their firm &
            commendable resolution to preserve their liberty & independence inviolate. With such
            aid & support, under direction of Divine providence, I trust the flourishing
            condition & inestimable blessings now enjoyed, will be long continued to our
            Country.

            Go. Washington


Title: From George Washington to William Nelson, Jr., 23 September 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Nelson, William Jr.

            sir,
            Mount Vernon 23d Sept. ’93.

          Your Letter of the 5. instant, enclosing a copy of several resolutions entered into by
            the Inhabitants of the County & borough of York, I have had the pleasure to
            receive.

          That the well-being of our Country rests upon the cultivation of peace (consistently
            with public faith & our own rights) agriculture & commerce, I am well convinced;
            & I beg you to express to my fellow Citizens of York County & Borough, the
            satisfaction I derive from the declaration of their intentions to join in preserving
            these blessings to the United States, and to present them my best thanks for their
            favorable expressions towards me personally.

            Go: Washington


Title: Agreement with William Pearce, 23 September 1793
From: Washington, George,Pearce, William
To:

            [Mount Vernon, 23 September 1793]

          Articles of Agreement made and entered into this twenty third day of September in the
            year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred & ninety three, by & between George
            Washington, President of the United States, on one part; and William Pearce of Kent
            County in the State of Maryland, on the other part—Witness, that for and in
            consideration of the wages and allowances herein after mentioned, the said William
            Pearce doth promise and agree to superintend, and manage to the best of his skill and
            judgment, the interest of the said George Washington at Mount Vernon and it’s
            Dependencies, comprehending the several farms, Mill, Fishery, Tradesmen of different
            kinds, Ditchers, Spinners, the person who has charge of the Jacks, Stud horse, mules
            &ca; and will enter upon the duties thereof on or before the first day of January
            next ensuing, and remain therein until the first day of January in the year one thousand
            seven hundred and ninety five; during which period he will, in all things, to the utmost
            of his abilities, discharge the trust reposed in him with diligence and integrity,
            following the plans that are, or shall be adopted, and such directions as he shall
            receive; & where these are not clear and definite, then to pursue the dictates of
            his own judgment in the premises; and even in cases where they may happen to be
            explicit, if repugnant to the ideas of the said William Pearce, the said George
            Washington will always, & with pleasure listen to any suggested alterations which
              may be offered by him with a view to the advancement of the Crops,
            increase of the Stocks, and for the general improvement of the Estate: the great objects
            of the said George Washington being to crop the Land in such a manner (by judicious
            rotations) as to keep it in an improving instead of a declining state; to make permanent meadows of wet or sunken lands capable of
            being reclaimed; to introduce Clover & other Grasses as far, and as fast as it can
            be done in tillable fields that are in condition to bear it, but avoiding at the same
            time too great an expense in the purchase of Seed; to substitute live in place of dead
            fences where it is practicable; and this with as much facility as the seasons and the
            nature of the case will admit, as the Inclosures are numerous, timber becoming scarce,
            & the common materials for fencing, in most instances, far to remove. These with
            regular weekly reports from each Farm & class of people—due attention to the Stocks
            on the several farms—to the tools & implements of husbandry thereon, taking an exact
            list thereof, & making the overseers accountable, not only for their forthcoming,
            but for the preservation of them from the weather; and in a word, to keep as regular
            accounts with each Farm, & with every seperate branch of business—debiting and
            crediting the same with every thing that goes to, or comes from them, as if they were
            the property of another person, thereby ascertaining the profit and loss—correcting, by
            a strict & close inspection into matters, the many abuses which there is too much
            reason to fear has crept into every branch of my business, from the little personal
            attention I have been able to bestow on it for many years last past; and lastly keeping
            all the Overseers and subordinate characters who are or may be placed under your
            management, strictly to their respective duties, will (together with clothing the
            people, providing for, & disposing of things belonging to the Estate on the best
            terms, & rendering regular accounts thereof) constitute the great out-lines of the
            trust which I have reposed in you. To go more into detail would be as tedious as it is
            unnecessary to a person competent to the superintendence of such a Concern as mine. for
            to tell a farmer that his fences ought to be in good order; his fields secured against
            trespassers of every kind; his grounds well ploughed; his Crop kept clear of grass &
            weeds; his seeds put in in good order & in due season; his Grain & hay cut at a
            proper time, & well stacked, & the former got out of the straw as soon after harvest as circumstances will permit, & that without Waste or
            loss of grain or straw; making butter & selling all that can be spared, as also such
            stock of different kinds as will by being culled out, render the remainder healthy &
            thriving; that his Cattle &ca ought to be regularly penned in summer & secured
            from bad weather in winter; and the utmost attention paid to the making of manure for
            the improvement of his fields at both seasons; that his work horses & oxen should be
            well attended to and kept in good & fit condition, thereby enabling them to perform
            the labour which they must undergo: to remind him of those things would, I say, be only
            observing what every Farmer must be thoroughly sensible his duty enjoins—but it may not
            be amiss to repeat that one of the most effectual steps to accomplish all these ends, is
            to see that the Overseers of the Farms & the Superintendants of other business are
            constantly at their posts; for it may be received as a maxim that if they are away or
            entertaining company at home, that the concerns entrusted to them will be neglected,
            & certainly go wrong: and it is not less certain that relaxation on his part will
            serve only to beget liberties on their’s; therefore strictness with justice is the sure
            means of having the business well conducted.
          In consideration of these Services well & truly performed on the part of the said
            William Pearce, the said George Washington doth hereby promise to pay him the said
            Pearce, the Sum of one hundred Guineas per annum, and in that proportion for a greater
            or lesser time actually employed in the said Washington’s service; and will allow him
            over and above, twelve hundred pounds of Pork; about five hundred pounds of beef, to be
            received at different times as it may happen to be killed for the use of the Mansion
            House or for market, and some fresh meat from what may be occasionally killed for like
            purposes, together with bread sufficient for his family; he is also to be allowed the
            use of Three Cows for the purpose of affording milk & butter therefor, and to raise
            poultry for the same, but not for sale. And if he brings Horses (not exceeding two) he
            is to be allowed Grain, & fodder or hay, for them; in which case he is not to use
            any horse or horses belonging to the Estate. The said George Washington doth moreover
            agree to allow the said William Pearce the use of a negro woman to wash & cook for
            his family—and a boy & girl to aid & attend in the House & garden; the first
            not to exceed fourteen or fifteen years of age, & the other
            twelve; and will put the House now occupied by Mr Hyland Crow, with the Kitchen
            adjoining, in decent repair and fitness for the purpose intended. And lastly, in order
            that the said William Pearce may have the entire controul over the Overseers of the
            different Farms, & others, hired as overlookers of any other business, he is hereby
            vested with full power and authority to engage such as he may have confidence in, &
            discharge those who do not conduct themselves well. Witness our hands & Seals the
            day & year first above written.

            Go: Washington
            William Pearce

            Teste Bw Dandridge.


Title: From George Washington to Edmund Pendleton, 23 September 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Pendleton, Edmund

            Sir,
            Mount Vernon 23d September 1793

          The Resolutions of the Inhabitants of the County of Caroline, transmitted to me by you,
            were received with peculiar pleasure; because no Citizen of the United States can have a
            more sincere desire than I have to see all attempts at subverting or violating the
            Constitution or Laws of the Land, frustrated; and it gives me much satisfaction to be
            assured of the firm support of my Fellow Citizens in preserving the peace & Safety
            of our Country.
          The expressions of gratitude and affection, by the Citizens of Caroline, towards the
            French Nation for their generous aid and assistance extended to us in a time of need,
            are truly laudable, & must meet the approbation of every grateful mind.
          I beg you, Sir, to assure the Citizens of Caroline of my fixed attachment to the free
            principles of our Government, and of the confidence I have in the virtue & good
            sense of my Fellow Citizens which I trust will always counteract any measures which
            might tend to weaken their affection to these principles, or to alienate them from the
            republican Government they have established for themselves, & under which they have
            hitherto enjoyed unequalled prosperity and happiness.

          The marks of respect and affection for my person, manifested in the Resolutions, demand
            & receive my unfeigned acknowledgments & gratitude, which I request you to
            communicate to the Citizens of Caroline, and to assure them of my unremitted endeavours
            to advance their welfare, as far as my powers & abilities extend.

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Edmund Pendleton, 23 September 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Pendleton, Edmund

            My dear Sir,
            Mount Vernon Sep: 23d 1793

          With very sincere pleasure I received your private letter of the 11th instant. This pleasure was not a little enhanced by your reiterated
            assurance of my still holding that place in your estimation which, on more occasions
            than one, you have given me the most flattering testimony—highly gratifying to my mind.
            This assurance came opportunely, as I had begun to conceive (though unable to assign a
            cause) that some part of my public conduct—how ever well meant my endeavors—had appeared
            unfavorable in your eyes, for you will please to recollect that, formerly you promised
            me, and I always expected, an annual letter from you. It is now (if my memory has not
            failed me) at least four years since I have had that pleasure.
          Sequestered you say you are, from the World, and know little of what is transacting in
            it but from Newspapers. I regret this exceedingly. I wish you had more to do on the
            great theatre; and that your means of information were co-equal to your abilities, and
            the disposition I know you possess to judge properly of public measures. It would be
            better perhaps for that public it should be so; for be assured we have some infamous
            Papers—calculated for disturbing if not absolutely intended to disturb, the peace of the
              community.
          With respect to the fiscal conduct of the S—t—y of the Tr—s—y I will say nothing;
            because an enquiry, more than probable, will be instituted next Session of Congress into
            some of the Alligations against him, which, eventually, may involve
            the whole; and because, if I mistake not, he will seek, rather than shrink from, an
            investigation. A fair opportunity will then be given to the impartial world to form a
            just estimate of his Acts, and probably of his motives. No one, I will venture to say,
            wishes more devoutly than I do that they may be probed to the bottom—be the result what
            it will.
          With the most scrupulous truth I can assure you, that your free & unreserved
            opinion upon any public measure of importance will always be acceptable to me, whether
            it respects men, or measures—and on no man do I wish it to be expressed more fully than
            on myself; for as I can conscientiously declare that I have no object in view
            incompatible with the Constitution, and the obvious interests of this Country—nor no
            earthly desire half as strong as that of returning to the walks
            of private life, so, of consequence I only wish whilst I am a Servant of the public, to
            know the will of my masters, that I may govern myself accordingly.
          You do me no more than justice when you suppose that from motives of respect to the
            Legislature (and I might add from my interpretation of the Constitution) I give my
            Signature to many Bills with which my judgment is at varience. In declaring this,
            however, I allude to no particular Act. From the nature of the Constitution, I must
            approve all the parts of a Bill, or reject it in toto. To do the latter can only be
            justified upon the clear and obvious ground of propriety; and I never had such
            confidence in my own faculty of judging as to be over tenacious of the opinions I may
            have embibed in doubtful cases.
          Mrs Washington who enjoys tolerable good health joins me most cordially in best wishes
            for you and Mrs Pendleton. I wish you may live
            long—continue in good health—and end your days as you have been wearing them away,
            happily and respected. Always, and most affectionately, I am Your Obedt Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Jonathan Shaw, 23 September 1793
From: Shaw, Jonathan
To: Washington, George

            Sir,
            [New York] September, 23rd 1793.

          when I think of Intruding upon your Excellency it puts me to the blush and almost
            determins me not to be thus troublesome but Necessity that Frequently puts us upon what
            we have not a mind to, and often forces us against our Inclinations is now the motive
            that Induces me to be thus troubesome. At the Commencement of the War between America
            and Britan, I was deprived of a Parent, one who took up Arms in the cause of Liberty,
            only a private soldier, but soon fell a Victim in the Cause in which he was engaged, and
            left a Wife, and Eight Children, to lament his Death in poverty the Eldest sixteen,
            Immediately joind the Army, and soon met the same fate his Father had done, the next
            two, as soon as their Age admited, joind the Army, and were preserved till it hapily
            decided in favor of America: ⟨an⟩d Myself the youngest have been exposed to Hardships
              ⟨mutilated ⟩ my earliest Infancy till now; being under a
            pertic⟨ular⟩ disadvantage of having much sickness, and am now not able to Labour for a
            support, and have not any Friend to apply to for assistance, that is able to assist me
            in setting up in business: Therefore, Sir I have taken the Liberty of letting your
            Excellency, kno my Circumstances, and most humbly to ask your Excellencys’ kind
            assistance in affording me some help in seting up a small Grocery in N. york, to set me
            a bove the reach of want, for which I believe I shall soon have it in my power to repay
            tho not to make a full satisfaction such an Act of Generosity would lay me under. When I
            first thought of making known my Circumstances, and Petitioning to your Excellency, for
            assistance; the great and Immortal Charracter, and Name your Excellency has so justly
            merited, struck me with an Awe that for some time past has kept me in
            silence, for fear of Offending; but upon maturely considering that the Welfare of
            Mankind has been your Excellencys’ greatest Delight, and that it is by your Excellencys’
            wise Administration America now enjoys Peace, I say these Considerations have encouraged
            me to make known my Circumstances: And I most humby Pray that your Excellency will
            excuse the Liberty I have taken. I am with great respect Sir, your Excellencys’ most
            humble and most Obedient Servant,

            Jonathan Shaw

            P.S. Sir the sickness in Philidelphia, has been the Cause of my not coming
              personally. The enclosed are from Gentlemen of Veracity. If your Excellency is
              disposed to assist the unfortunate and unhappy, If the trouble would not be to great,
              A line to me at N. york soon, with those two papers inclosed, will be gratefully
              received by your Excellencys’ humble, servant

            Jonathan Shaw


Title: To George Washington from David Austin, Jr., 24 September 1793
From: Austin, David Jr.
To: Washington, George

            May it please yr Excellency
            Eliza[beth] Town [N.J.]Sepr 24th 1793

          Having this day receivd the enclosed from my Hond father at New Haven, to forward—beg leave to say, so far as may be decent for a son to
            say of a father; that the application made, in the issue, will be found to be founded on
            reason, equity & Justice; & if granted will give universal satisfaction, unless
            it be to individuals who might have interest in wishing to be remembered themselves.
            Praying an excuse for this imperfect Scrawl, the Mail just closing, have the honor to
            subscribe yr Excellency’s Most Obedt & Humble servt

            David Austin


Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 24 September 1793
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

          Private
          SirElizabeth Town New Jersey 24th Septr
                1793
          I arrived here on the 19th after much delay and difficulty on
            the road. The alarm of the people in all the Towns and villages on the road, and at New
            York, on account of the prevailing fever is really inexpressible. The militia are posted
            at Trenton Brunswick and Newark and New York. This place seems to possess less fear and
            more reason. At New York reason appears to been entirely lost. Among many serious evils
            such as frightning some Philadelphians to death by placing them on Governors island
            without proper accommodations the following laughable incident is said to have occured a
            day or two past. A Boat arrived at NewYork from Jersey with passengers. the Mob
            collected and insisted upon it they were infected, and after they had landed the Mob
            forced them on board again, and with them a Mr Mercier of New York, who plead in vain,
            that he had not been out of New York for along time. the Mob however swore otherwise and
            the poor man was forced into the boat with persons whom he believed to be infected with
              the plague and did not return to his family for a day
            afterwards.
          Poor Courtney the Taylor with his family were at a tavern on 2d river at which place he
            felt the symptoms of an intermittent or yellow fever—He took rushs medecines so
            frequently that he really became ill—The people ordered his coffin in his presence, and
            his wife sent to Newark for a Physician who pronouncd it a common intermittent But to
            mark the monstrous absurdity which prevails the people came into the sick mans room in
            shoals to see the curious fever, and he has been so worried that
            his life is in great danger—There are innumerable instances of the
            like unreasonable conduct.
          I sent to NewYork to endeavo⟨ur⟩ to get a passage to Rhode Island—But the Masters of
            the packets said that it was as much as their lives were worth, as it was reported at
            Newport that the yellow fever, or plague killed in NewYork 40
            people ⅌ day. If a person has been from Philadelphia 14 days and continued in perfect
            health during that time he may be admitted into New-York. I have yet six days quarantine to perform, which of the choice of evils is the least.
            This circumstance will retard my return as soon as I intended, for it is of the highest
            personal importance to me that I should go to Boston, and I am too bulky to be smuggled through the Country.
          The french fleet is still in New-York, in a wretched state of disorganisation which
            prevents its sailing. Mr Genet has been low spirited for ten days past. The fleet have
            been told by him that the executive of the United States prevents their selling their
            prizes, and Citizen Bompard who belongs to a club in france as well as all his sailors,
            say that they shall represent the matter upon their return in its proper colours—some of
            the sailors lately attacked the Marquis de Rouvrays house with an intention it is said
            of Massacring him and his son. They have fled to this Town. I do not find Mr Genet has promulgated the last letter of the
            secretary of state, excepting as to the effect of the measures with the Consuls, which
            prevent their selling their prizes—Would to God it had been thought proper to publish
            the letter to Mr Morris. The minds of our own people
            would have been convinced of the propriety of the measures which have been adopted, and
            all cavil at the meeting of Congress prevented!
          Colonel Hamilton experienced inconveni⟨ences⟩ on the road. Not being ad⟨mit⟩ted into
            NewYork he has gone to Albany. ⟨mutilated ⟩ respectful
            compliments to Mrs Washington, I am Sir with perfect respect Your humble Servt

            H. Knox


Title: To George Washington from Betty Washington Lewis, 24 September 1793
From: Lewis, Betty Washington
To: Washington, George

            my Dear Brother
            [Fredericksburg, Va.]September 24th 1793.

          the Sickness in my family has Prevented my Writing Sooner my Daughter Carter has been
            Extreamly ill but is at this time better and my self owing to great fatigue am Scarcely
            able to attend them, Harriot wishes to know what time it will be Convenient for you to
            send for her, was it Convenient for me to keep her I know of none that I would sooner
            have to live with me but my Income is so small and few Servants that I Cannot Afford it
            I am Oblig’d to Buy Every thing that I Eat with the addishon of sope Candles &c. in
            short the most trifling things made Use of in the House, and my Income so small that I
            find it a hard matter to live and keep out of debt it is a Confinement to me as I have
            only two Horses to my Carriage that I Cannot go to Visit at any distance as I have two
            Grand Children liveing with me that I am Oblige to Carry with me.
          I shall be glad to hear from you by the first Stage as I intend as soon as my Daughter
            Carter leaves this to go up the Country if this Place Continues So Sickly—the family all
            Join me in love to you and My Sister Washington I am Dear Brother your Affct. Sister

            Betty Lewis


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Griffin Peachy, 24 September 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Peachy, Thomas Griffin

            Sir,
            Mount Vernon 24. Sep: 1793.

          The resolutions of the Inhabitants of the Town of Petersburg and its vicinity, were
            transmitted to me from Philada by the Secretary of State.
          The zealous & firm declaration of my Fellow Citizens of Petersburg & its
            vicinity, of their conviction of the necessity of peace in order to the preservation of
            our present state of tranquillity and prosperity, while the people of Europe are
            distressed by a calamitous war. and their determined resolution to support every measure
            of Government, adopted with a view to the true interests of our Country, affords me much
            pleasure.
          That the principles of Liberty and the rights of man may be universally disseminated,
            is my ardent wish; and, as far as in my power, my constant endeavours will be to advance
            them.

            Go. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Hezekiah Rogers, 24 September 1793
From: Rogers, Hezekiah
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Norwalk Connecticut Sept. 24th 1793.

          The office of Collector for the District of New Haven becoming vacant by the death of
            Mr Fitch, I take the liberty of offering myself as a candidate for the appointment. If
            from a consideration of my former services and sacrafices in the common cause of my
            country, and my qualifications to discharge its duties,
            you should be pleased, Sir, to favor me with the appointment, it will be accepted with
            gratitude, and its various duties executed with integrity and
            punctuality. With the utmost respect I have the honor to be, Sir, Your most Obt &
            most hum. servt

            Hezh Rogers.


Title: From George Washington to Charles Carter of Ludlow, 25 September 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Carter, Charles (of Ludlow)

            Dear Sir
            Mount Vernon Sepr 25th 1793

          Your letter of the 15th instt having unluckily passed on to Philadelphia before it got
            to my hands, is the cause of its remaining so long unacknowledged.
          I have by the Post of to day written to the Comptroller of the Treasury for most of the
            other Offrs are absent to obtain, on my acct, one hundred dollars for the use of your
            Sons in Phila. and hope it will be accomplished; but such is the stagnation of business
            there and so entirely chang’d is every thing there by the retreat of the Inhabitants
            & the extention & malignancy of the fever with which it is visited that it is
            almost impossible from the little intercourse people have with one another to promise
            any thing on a certainty of having it complied with—Mr Wolcot (the Comptroller) will I
            am sure do all he can to fulfil your desires and it will give me pleasure if in this
            instance or in any other I can contribute to your happiness.
          My best wishes (in which Mrs Washington joins me) attend Mrs Carter and your family and
            with very great esteem & regard I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt & Affe. H. Ser.

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Alexander Hamilton, 25 September 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Hamilton, Alexander

          (Private)
          My dear SirMount Vernon Sepr 25th
              1793
          I congratulate you & Mrs Hamilton very sincerely on your
            recoveries from the malignant fever which prevailed in Philadelphia; and hope you are
            both restored to perfect health, and that no other of the family has been siezed with
            the disorder. In these sentiments Mrs Washington cordially unite with me.
          From Mr Jefferson who has just passed this—from Genl
            Knox who has set out for Boston—and from the accts published in the Gazettes—I conceive,
            that under the most favourable change that can reasonably be expected, the first of
            November is as soon as business can, with safety, be transacted in the City of
            Philadelphia; but it appears necessary, at all events, that the heads of Departments
            should assemble—if not at that place, yet in the vicinity of it
            (say German town) at that time; where I also shall be, if well. My compliments to Mrs
            Hamilton, & respects to Genl Schuyler & family if you are with them. I am always
            & with much truth Your Affecte
          Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Henry Knox, 25 September 1793
From: Washington, George
To: Knox, Henry

          (Private)
          Dear Sir,Mount Vernon Sep. 25th
              1793
          I have duly received your letters of the 15th & 18th instt
            and as the last announces your intention of setting out for Boston the next day I shall
            add nothing in this letter on business—but shall thank you for the information you have
            given me—as well private as public; and observe that, it appears to me highly necessary
            that the heads of Departments should assemble in Philadelphia or the vicinity of it by
            the first of November at which time & place I shall make it a point to be present. I
            have wrote to the Secretary of the Treasury to this effect and have
            communicated the same to the Secretary of State. With
            very great esteem & regard I am Dear Sir Your Affectionate Servt

            Go: W——n