Title: To George Washington from John Fenton Mercer, 17 April 1756
From: Mercer, John Fenton
To: Washington, George

Sir
Joseph Edwards’s on Great Cacapon April 17th 1756

Yesterday about seven O’Clock in the Evening the Waggons arrived here by which I received my Instructions to march to the Warm Spring Mountain, but finding it impracticable to attempt crossing the N. River between this an Enochs’s Fort, have, by the Approbation of the Officers here halted till the Waters shall fall, Great Cacapon having raised 8 Feet perpendicular since last Night & is still rising very fast. Yesterday Morning one of Captn Ashby’s Men, who has been on Forlow some Time, with one Hintch who came down with Us as a Pilot, were in their Return to Ashby’s Fort & were fired on by seven Indians, Hintch killed dead on the Spot and the other returned here wounded in the Neck, but no ways dangerous—This happen’d about fourteen Miles from hence in the Road to Parker’s Fort, I have engaged one of the Country Men to go as a Pilot to the warm Spring Mountain, & coud engage two or three more, to go as Spies who are entirely acquainted with the Woods but seem scrupu⟨l⟩ous in Crediting the Country, so that an Assumpsit from you for their Payment wou’d make Matters go on chearfully. I am Sir Your very humble Servant

John Mercer


Title: To George Washington from John Robinson, 17 April 1756
From: Robinson, John
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
April 17. 1756

I recd your Letter by the Express and am sorry to find by it the unhappy situation our back Inhabitants are in from the frequent Incursions of the French and Indians, owing in my Opinion in a great Measure to the obstanctcy and dasturdlyness of the People themselves, and, I am sorry to say it, I fear from the Conduct of some of our Officers, of whom there are terrible reports, but I make no doubt you will by your Presence and Prudence put a stop to their irregularities, and quiet the Minds of the desponding inhabitants, The Assembly has determined to raise as many men as will make the number in pay 1500, not by new Companies but by adding to the old ones, the men to be raised are to be drafted out of the several Counties except Hampshire Frederick Augusta Bedford and Hallifax, which were excepted because if any of the Militia should be sent out it is imagined they will be taken out of those Counties. I have detained Mr Kirk Patrick longer than I intended owing to some misunderstanding between the Governor and myself, he refused to give me a Warrant for the last 3000, and continued so to do till this morning, I have now sent you by him £2416.14 which is all I could get ready for him, the Assembly has ordered £25. to be divided among the Party that killed M. Donville which I desire you will pay them, and I will account with you for it, I must also desire you will pay Capt. Stewart £15. for me. The Memorial of the Officers is now before the House and I dare say their request will be readily complied with. you may be assured of my Assistance and that I am with the greatest Truth Dr Sir Your Affect. Freind

John Robinson


Title: Orders, 18 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Limerick.
Winchester, Sunday, April 18th 1756.

A Court Martial to sit immediately for Trial of Sergeant Waters, and John Garland.


Title: From George Washington to John Robinson, 18 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Robinson, John

[Winchester, c.18 April 1756]
To the Speaker of the House of Burgesses.Dear Sir,

It gave me infinite concern to hear by several letters that the Assembly are incensed against the Virginia Regiment; and think they have cause to accuse the Officers of all inordinate vices; but more especially of drunkenness and profanity! How far any one individual may have subjected himself to such reflections, I will not pretend to determine: but this I am certain of; and can with the highest safety call my conscience, my God! and (what I suppose will still be a more demonstrable proof, at least in the eye of the World,) the Orders and Instructions which I have given, to evince the purity of my own intentions, and to shew on the one hand, that my incessant endeavours have been directed

to discountenance Gaming, drinking, swearing, and other vices, with which all camps too much abound: while on the other, I have used every expedient to inspire a laudable emulation in the Officers, and an unerring exercise of Duty in the Soldiers. How far I may have mistaken the means to attain so salutary an end, behooves not me to determine: But this I presume to say, that a mans intentions should be allowed in some respects to plead for his actions. I have been more explicit, Sir, on this head than I otherwise shou’d, because I find that my own character must of necessity be involved in the general censure: for which reason I can not help observing, that if the country think they have cause to condemn my conduct, and have a person in view that will act; that he may do. But, who will endeavour to act more for her Interests than I have done? It will give me the greatest pleasure to resign a command, which I solemnly declare I accepted against my will.
I know, Sir, that my inexperience may have lead me into innumerable errors: For which reason I shou’d think myself an unworthy member of the community and greatly deficient in the love I owe my country, which has ever been the first principle of my actions, were I to require more than a distant hint of its dissatisfaction to resign a commission which I confess to you I am no ways fond of keeping.
These sentiments I communicate to you, Sir, not only as to a Gentleman for whom I entertain the highest respect, and greatest friendship; but also as a member of the assembly—that the contents, if you think proper, may be communicated to the whole. For, be assured, I shall never wish to hold a Commission, when it ceases to be by unanimous consent.
The unhappy differences which subsisted so long about command, did, I own, prevent me from going to Fort Cumberland, to enforce those Orders which I never failed to send there; and caused I dare say many gross irregularities to creep into that Garrison (which you know is in another Colony;) But whose fault was that? Ought it not to have been attributed to the officer commanding there (Capt. Dagworthy) whose business it was to suppress vice in every shape? Surely it was. However, I am far from attempting to vindicate the characters of all the officers: For that I am sensible would be a task too arduous: There are some who have the seeds of Idleness too strongly instilled

into their constitution, either to be serviceable to themselves, or beneficial to the Country: Yet even those have not missed my best advice: nor have my unwearied endeavours ever been wanting to serve my Country with the highest integrity. For which reasons I shou’d ever be content in retirement; and reflect with no little pleasure, that no sordid views have influenced my conduct, nor have the hopes of unlawful gain swerved me in any measure, from the strictest dictates of Honor! I have diligently sought the public welfare; and have endeavoured to inculcate the same principles on all that are under me. These reflections will be a cordial to my mind so long as I am able to distinguish between Good & Evil. I am &c.

G:W.


Title: To George Washington from William Stark, 18 April 1756
From: Stark, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
[Edwards’s Fort, 18 April 1756]

The purport of this is to acquaint you of an Engagemt we had with the Indians late this Evening—Three of our Men going out on pretence of looking after some Horses met with a

party of Indians within sight of the Fort two of which escaped and alarm’d us, we immediatly pursued them with a party of between fourty & fifty Men undr Command of Capt: Mercer Lieut: Williams, Ensn Carter Ensign McCarty Lt Lemen & myself—after following them abot a Mile & an half, on rising a Mountain we were fired on very smartly which we warmly return’d for half an hor then finding ourselves almost surrounded we retreated in the best manner We could to the Fort we unhappily lost Capt. Jno. Mercer Ensign Carter and fifteen Soldiers & had two wounded, we imagined the Number of the Enemy to be upwds of an hundred. I am Sr &c.

William Stark
Sunday Night 8 Oclock


Title: Orders, 19 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Marlborough.
Winchester. Monday, April 19th 1756.

The Guard is immediately to be reinforced to a full third part of the men in Town fit for Duty—and the eldest Subaltern to mount.
He is to see that three or four good hands are immediately set to making Cartridges, and that they do not waste the ammunition or paper—and that his Guard have their arms in good order.

The other officers are to inspect the arms of the rest of the men, and see that they are in good repair, and have all good Flints. They are to order the Sergeants to examine whether all their loads are dry; if they are not, they must be drawn, or fired off.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas, Lord Fairfax, 19 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Fairfax of Cameron, Thomas Fairfax, sixth baron

My Lord
Winchester April 19th 1756

The inclosed is the Copy of a Letter that came to my Hands by Express this Instant, which I send in Hopes that your Lordship will give Orders for raising not only a part of the Militia of this County, but of the adjacent ones also, & that with the utmost Expedition otherwise it is uncertain how far the Enemy may attempt to pursue their Victory—I have consulted Colo. Innis & the Officers of my Regiment who are unanimous in Opinion that the Men I have here which are only 50 shoud be detained till they are reinforced by the Militia for the Defence of the Town as it is more than probable that the Enemy may extend their Designs to this Place.
Notwithstanding I am sensible how much your Lordship will exert yourself on this Occasion, I cant help repeating that nothing but Dispatch can answer our present Purposes for unless I can throw some Ammunition into Edwards’s Fort to Night, the Remainder of our Party & the Inhabitants that are there, will more than probably fall a Sacrifice to the Indians as the Bearer who came off with the inclosed assures Me that the Fort was surrounded, & that an Assault was expect’d to Day. I am Your Lordship’s most obedt humble Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Robert Dinwiddie, 19 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Dinwiddie, Robert

Honble Sir
Winchester April 19th 1756

Since writing my Letter of Yesterday’s date the inclosd came to hand by which your honr will be informd of a very unlucky affair.
I immediately consulted Colo. Innis and such Officers of my own Regiment as were at this place on the necessary steps to be taken: they unanimously advisd that I shoud remain here with the 50 Recruits that are in Town for the defence of the place till the Militia are raisd that we may thereby compose a Formidable body and march out against the Enemy.
This engagemt happend within 20 Miles of Winchester; and the Sergeant who brought the account assures me that they have Reason to imagine that their numbers are greater than the Letter informs. he says that there were many French amongst them & that the chief part of the whole were mounted on Horses; so that there is great probability that they may have a design upon this place.
I have sent an express to Lord Fairfax with a copy of Starkes Letter; and wrote to him as your honour will see by the inclosd, to raise the Militia with all expedition: but alass! that is a poor resource, a very unhappy dependance! Tho. our only one at present. I have not time to add more than that I shall endeavour to do the best I can till we have assistance, & that I am Yr Honours most Obt Hble Servt

Go: Washington


Title: George Mercer’s Orders, 19–20 April 1756
From: Mercer, George
To:

[Winchester, 19–20 April 1756]

After Orders.
No Soldier is to fire his piece, under pain of the severest punishment, without orders.
The Sergeant-Major is to go through the Town, and acquaint the towns’ people, that it is Colonel Washingtons particular desire, that none of them fire off their guns (as it will be impossible to know when an alarm happens) without applying to Captain Peachy for leave; who will allow them, if they want to try their Guns.
All the men in town to appear upon parade at retreat-beating, with their arms, ammunition, &c. An Officer to wait upon Colonel Washington, when they are ready—The Sergeants and Corporals must warn them to appear there, an hour before day to-morrow—The Officer of the Guard must not quit his Guard upon any pretence whatsoever, and must keep his Drummer constantly with him.

G:M. Aid de camp.


Title: To George Washington from William Stark, 19 April 1756 [letter not found]
From: Stark, William
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from William Stark, 19 April 1756. On 20 April 1756 GW wrote to Stark: “I received yours, dispatched last night by Express, about two o’clock this morning.”


Title: Orders, 20 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Newburn.
Winchester—Tuesday, April 20th 1756.

All the men off Duty, are to go out immediately to assist the towns’ people in cutting down the Bushes about Town.


Title: From George Washington to William Stark, 20 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Stark, William

To Lieutenant Stark.Sir,
[Winchester, 20 April 1756]

I received yours, dispatched last night by Express, about two o’clock this morning. There is ammunition already sent up, but I send you more now. I hope ere this, Captain Harrison is safe arrived with you. Let him know it is my Orders, that he return the Horses he took up with him, per the first safe hand that is coming down: and that he transmit me constantly, what intelligence he may receive.
I can scarcely give credit to any part of the Report you transmitted to me, from Captain Ashby. If Captain Harrison can, by good Woods-men, get intelligence of the number of the Enemy, and their place of Rendezvous, if near your Station—I would have them endeavour to surprize them in the night, by falling upon them at their sleeping places. Yours &c.

G:W.
April 20th 1756.


Title: From George Washington to Henry Harrison, 20 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Harrison, Henry

To Captain Henry Harrison.Sir,
[Winchester, 20 April 1756]

I congratulate you on your safe arrival at Fort-Edward—If Ensign Hubbard applies to you for a reinforcement, you are to detach to his assistance a party of ten men: and if you have the same application from Homer’s-Fort, let them have the like number; and a small quantity of ammunition, if it can be spared. Yours

G:W.
April 20th 1756.


Title: From George Washington to Edward Hubbard, 20 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Hubbard, Edward

[Winchester, 20 April 1756]
To Ensign Hubbard—commanding at Enochs’s-Fort.Sir,

You will receive by the Bearer as much powder as I think will suffice: Ball, according to your own account, you have enough of. I am informed by the Bearer, that the Inhabitants at Enochs’s (where your party is garrisoned) are desirous of moving. I would therefore recommend that you may, if you can convey them, and such Stores as are in your custody, to retreat to Edwards’s. If you find this impracticable; Captain Harrison is ordered to send a Sergeant and ten men, to strengthen you, from that place—You are to take care that it is sent for that purpose. I expect in a very little time to have a number of men to relieve the Inhabitants on all the waters: But in case this should not be

done; you must give to that poor distressed people, part of the provision which you have for the Garrison: and see that there is the greatest care and economy therein. I am, Sir, &c.

G:W.
April 20th 1756.


Title: Orders, 21 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Oxford.
Winchester Wednesday, April 21st 1756.

A Court Martial to sit immediately, to try those who were confined for being absent from their alarm-post last night. Captain Stewart, President.
I do hereby promise to any persons who engage now to go out as Volunteers, without any expectation of pay; that they shall be furnished with provision and ammunition from the public Stores, sufficient for the time they shall be upon the Scout—To draw the provision as soon as they are ready to march out.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas, Lord Fairfax, 21 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Fairfax of Cameron, Thomas Fairfax, sixth baron

[Winchester, 21 April 1756]
To the Honourable Thomas, Lord Fairfax.My Lord,

By several Expresses just arrived from the Officers and Inhabitants between this and Fort Cumberland, their situation seems most deplorable; for they have neither provision, nor a sufficient force at either place, to go out to collect any; and consequently, must run themselves into the jaws of the Enemy, or perish in their places with Hunger: and I dare believe your Lordship is sensible, that without a considerable Body of the Militia, the marching from this Town would be of the greatest ill consequence. For which reason I advise (if you have not already done it) you would send immediately to Culpeper, with orders to raise and send such a number of men as you shall judge can be spared from thence; with such arms, ammunition, and provision as they can procure; for we are illy supplied with either here. I have wrote to the commanding Officers of Prince-William and Fairfax, desiring they would use their utmost endeavours in dispatching the Militia from these Counties: and beg you would renew your Orders to those Gentlemen, on that head. I am, my Lord, &c.

G:W.
Winchester, April 21st 1756.


Title: From George Washington to Henry Lee and William Fairfax, 21 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Henry,Fairfax, William

[Winchester, 21 April 1756]
To the Commanding Officers of Prince-William and Fairfax. Gentlemen,

I have just now received several Expresses who bring the most shocking accounts of the distressed condition, not only of the few poor families that yet remain back of this place; but of the Rangers that Garrison the small Forts: as nothing but a large and speedy reinforcement can save them from utter destruction! I must desire that you will not lose one moment in drawing together all the men you can provide with arms, ammunition, and Provision, in the best manner the time will admit of; and join me with all imaginable expedition. And as this is an affair of the last importance, I hope nothing in your power will be left undone. I am &c.

G:W.
April 21st 1756.


Title: From George Washington to Daniel Fitzhugh, 21 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Fitzhugh, Daniel

[Winchester, 21 April 1756]
To Mr Daniel Fitzhugh. Merchant in Fredericksburgh.Sir,

You will please, immediately on receipt hereof, to send up upon Horses, what powder belonging to the Country may be at Fredericksburgh—Should there be none of the Countrys, get two Barrels from the Merchants; which charge to my Accompt. If that quantity can not be procured, send any lesser quantity that can be got. I beg you will lose no time herein; by which you will oblige Yours

G:W.
April 21st 1756.


Title: From George Washington to Edward Hubbard, 21 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Hubbard, Edward

[Winchester, 21 April 1756]
To Ensign Hubbard. Commanding at Enock’s-Fort. Sir,

You are hereby desired if possible, to retreat with what men and provision you have to Edwards’s; and to Escort what families have put themselves under your protection. But if you find this impracticable without a reinforcement, on your applying to Captain Harrison at Edwards’s, a Detachment will be sent to assist you. You are not to fail in bringing off all the Stores you can. I am &c.

G:W.
April 21st 1756.


Title: From George Washington to Henry Harrison, 21 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Harrison, Henry

[Winchester, 21 April 1756]
To Captain Harrison, Commanding at Edwards’s. Sir,

It is out of my power at this juncture to supply you with any Provision. Therefore I would have you apply to Edwards, to whom I write. Acquaint him, that whatever he expends, he shall receive a reasonable satisfaction for: and hint to him, that without his compliance the Garrison now there, must depart to this place. You are likewise ordered (on Mr Hubbard, at Enocks, signifying his want of assistance in aiding his retreat to your Fort) to supply him with at least fifty of your Garrison, who will Escort that under his command to your place, where he is ordered. Dispatch the enclosed letter, on arrival, by Express. I am &c.

G:W.
April 21st 1756.


Title: From George Washington to Joseph Edwards, 21 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Edwards, Joseph

To Mr Edwards. Sir,
[Winchester, 21 April 1756]

Captain Harrison informs me, his Provision will fall short in a few days. It is impossible for one at this time to grant him a supply. I must desire, therefore, you would assist him. For whatever he expends, I will take care you shall receive a reasonable satisfaction. If you fail in this point, I am under an absolute necessity of Ordering his Detachment to this place. Yours &c.

G:W.
Winchester, April 21st 1756.


Title: To George Washington from Landon Carter, 21 April 1756
From: Carter, Landon
To: Washington, George

Dr Sir
[Sabine Hall, 21 April 1756]

Mr Swaringham intending up tomorrow for Winchester gives me an opportunity of expressing my great concern for the Death & Defeat of Capt. Mercer and for the dismal apprehension that those who yet Survive the Indian Massacre must necessarily be under And indeed my friend I must add that this Concern is greatly aggrevated when I find by your letter to Colo. Carter that you have suffered your self to be affected with some reflections that at most were only hinted at some few of the officers who perhaps may have behaved like disorderly young men When you can’t but know that it can only be the want of more power in your Country to have added every honr & reward that even Perfect Merit could have intitled itself to. how are we grievd? to hear Colo. George Washington hinting to his Country he is willing to retire[.] Sir[,] Merit begets Envy, and should such A thing happen at this hour it must Glut the malice of those who wish you ill. will they not then say[,] see Yr darling cloaking fear under the Colour of disgust? Give me leave then as your intimate Friend to persuade you to forget that if

any thing has been said to your dishonr and recollect that it Could not have come from any man that knew you or your Country and as I perceive by another letter it may have been the artifice of one in no esteem amongst Your Countrymen to raise in you such unjust suspicions that would enduce you to desert the cause that his own prefermt might meet with no obstacle I am confident that you will endeavour to give us the good effects not only of yr duty but of the great chearfullness & satisfaction you place in such a service If I expostulate with you too warmly tis only to save my self and your other friends from much difficulty that must attend our endeavours to Justifye yr conduct should yo. decline No Sir rather let Braddocks bed be your aim than anything that might discolour those Laurels that I promise my self are kept in store for yo.
The Govr no doubt will effect something that may put it yr Power to save your declining Country & revenge the blood of Yr Slaughterd Companions and that these are my Wishes observe my heart attends my pen when I subscribe my self Yr Most respectfull Servt

Landon Carter

A whole croud of Females have orderd me to tender their best wishes for yr success & I don’t doubt but this night will in a great measure be dedicated to heaven for yr protection. Apl. 21 1756 at Candle light

My respects to all yr officers and tell them that honr & reward are not only the usual but must be the certain effects of a vigorous & successful ⟨push⟩ and For Gods sake since you find that our enemy shew only small parties to draw our men into ambuscades let these be most Cautiously guarded agst. Colo. Carter is gone to see poor Colo. Carter Burwell whose relapse has alarmd his friends and perhaps may not write by this Oppertunity. President Burwell is also fallen into a kind of Reverrye which I am apprehensive will remove him from these our Continual fears.


Title: Orders, 22 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Preston.
Winchester: Thursday April 22d 1756.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Dinwiddie, 22 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Dinwiddie, Robert

[Winchester, 22 April 1756]
To the Honorable Robert Dinwiddie, Governor.Honorable Sir,

This encloses several letters, and the minutes of a Council of War, which was held upon the receipt of them. Your Honor may see to what unhappy straits the distressed Inhabitants as well as I, am reduced. I am too little acquainted, Sir, with pathetic language, to attempt a description of the peoples distresses; though I have a generous soul, sensible of wrongs, and swelling for redress—But what can I do? If bleeding, dying! would glut their insatiate revenge—I would be a willing offering to Savage Fury: and die by inches, to save a people! I see their situation, know their danger, and participate their Sufferings; without having it in my power to give them further relief, than uncertain promises. In short; I see inevitable destruction in so clear a light, that, unless vigorous measures are taken by the Assembly, and speedy assistance sent from below; the poor Inhabitants that are now in Forts, must unavoidably fall; while the remainder of the County are flying before the barbarous Foe. In fine; the melancholy situation of the people; the little prospect of assistance[;] The gross and scandalous abuses cast upon the Officers in general—which is reflecting upon me in particular; for suffering misconducts of such extraordinary kinds—and the distant prospects, if any, that I can see, of gaining Honor and Reputation in the Service—are motives which cause me to lament the hour that gave me a Commission: and would induce me at any other time than this, of imminent danger; to resign without one hesitating moment, a command, which I never expect to reap either Honor or Benefit from: But, on the contrary, have almost an absolute certainty of incurring displeasure below: While the murder of poor innocent Babes, and helpless families, may be laid to my account here!

The supplicating tears of the women; and moving petitions from the men, melt me into such deadly sorrow, that I solemnly declare, if I know my own mind—I could offer myself a willing Sacrifice to the butchering Enemy, provided that would contribute to the peoples ease.
Lord Fairfax has ordered men from the adjacent counties: But when they will come, or in what numbers, I can not pretend to determine—If I may judge from the success we have met with here, I have but little hopes; as three days incessant endeavours have produced but twenty men.
I have too often urged my opinion for vigorous measures—Therefore I shall only add; that besides the accounts you will receive in the Letters; we are told, from all parts, that the woods appear to be alive with Indians, who feast upon the Fat of the Land. As we have not more than a Barrel or two of Powder at this place; the rest being at Fort Cumberland; I could wish your Honor would send up some. I have wrote to Alexandria and Fredericksburgh, desiring that two Barrels may be sent from each place; but whether there is any at either, I know not. I have sent Orders to Captain Harrison to be diligent on the waters where he is posted; and to use his utmost endeavours to protect the People; and, if possible, to surprize the Enemy at their sleeping places. Ashbys Letter is a very extraordinary one. The design of the Indians was only, in my opinion to intimidate him into a Surrender—For which reason I have wrote him word, that if they do attack him, he must defend that place to the last extremity: and, when he is bereft of hope; then to lay a train to blow up the Fort, and retire by night to Cumberland. A small Fort which we have at the mouth of Pattersons Creek, containing an officer and thirty men, guarding Stores, was attacked smartly by the French and Indians; and were as warmly received; upon which they retired. Our men at present are dispersed into such small Bodies, guarding the People and Public Stores; that we are not able to make, or even form a Body. I am Your Honors &c.

G:W.
Winchester, April 22, 1756


Title: Advertisement, 22 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 22 April 1756]

I do promise and engage to all good Woodsmen, &c. who will enter into the Service of their Country now, for a month or longer; if they will subject themselves to military discipline, for the time they engage and undertake to do Soldiers Duty, and obey my Orders—That they shall receive soldiers’ pay, ammunition and Provision, and be discharged at the time agreed on. Given &c. April 22, 1756.

G:W.


Title: To George Washington from Charles Carter, 22 April 1756
From: Carter, Charles
To: Washington, George

Dear Sr
April 22 1756

Your favour without date came to my hands yesterday; from a conversation with Lt Rutherfold I judge it was wrote on sunday last from which circumstance I conclude you had not seen Mr Kirkpatrick nor Capt. Stewart who I believe could have satisfied you that the House of Burgesses have the Greatest expectations from yr Personall appearance on our Frontiers and are so farr from imputing any mistakes or irregularities of the officers to you that I am satisfied they would have resentd it to yr Satisfaction if any person had.
We all know there are many men to be found in All armys abandon’d to the greatest vices but that can’t be imputd to the Comr whose example is strictly amiable and that that is yr general character I dare affirm. and from my constant attendance in the House I can with great truth say I never heard your conduct questiond[.] When ever you are mentiond tis with the greatest respect I hope you will therefore arm yrSelf with patience and dispise such reflections as May be cast by any Malevolent

enimies to you and every upright member of society. The end of those sort of men is to raise uneasiness in yr Breast and to creat a distrust of yr friends in hopes of carrying into execution there secret dangerous designs. I have communicated yr letter to many of yr friends and we are much at a loss to guess at the authors and the charge unless some irregularitys of the Officers that have been mentiond has lead unthinking individuals into reflections on the whole from a letter wrote by the worthy Capt. Peachy your orders and Instructions appear in a light worthy the character of the most experiencd Officer and I assure you a very great majority of our House would prefer you to any Person and in order to prev[en]t a superior command are determind the men to be raisd by lot shall not be marchd out of the Colony. The Number in the whole is 1500 they are to be raisd by lot out of the able bodied men in all the countys except five frontier countys and with the greatest expedition so that you may expect to have yr regt compleat early in may and without an additional Numr of officers, a chain of Forts are to be built on our western Frontiers.
Several Ships are arrived in Rap[pahanno]c[k] and York but the acct are not meterial as little alteration is made in the state and the same expec[tatio]n of a sudden rupture continues.
Mr Benjn Grymes Returnd in a mary land ship who says France offers 4 millions and to comp[l]y with the Treaty of Utrech but our King demands 8 millions sterg and a large Numr of Men of Warr to be deliverd as security and every thing Settld to his Satisfaction in America before he will put a stop to reprizals. I have not yet seen him.
I am concernd to hear of Poor Merc[e]rs and Carters fate and I pray God to bless you and defend you upon all occasions and may yo. be the happy instrument of deliverg us from the Barbarous incursions of our Enimies. The Cherokee Indians are to be marchd directly to Winchester I hope you will use yr utmost indeavours to prevail with the Inhabitants to continue at their respective settlements as deserting the County of Frederick will be a fatal step and subject them to ruin[.] My compts to My Lord Fairfax and all my Acquaintances and believe me to be Dr Sr Yr Most obedient and afft. hume Servt

Ch. Carter


Title: Orders, 23 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Queensborough.
Winchester. Friday, April 23, 1756.


Title: Council of War, 23 April 1756
From: Council of War
To:

   At a Council of War, Held at Winchester, April 23d 1756

                  Colonel George Washington, President.

                  Present, Governor James Innis–

                  Captain Mercer
                  }

                  {

                  Captain Peachy
                  Members
                  Captain Stewart

                  Lieutenant Eustace
                  Lieutenant Hall

                  Lieutenant Gist

                  Lieutenant Lowry

Colonel Washington asked the opinion of the Council, whether it was most elligible to evacuate the small Stockade at Enocks’s, and draw all the men out of Edwards’s, except so many as were absolutely necessary for the defence of that place, and order them to join us here; as having a few men scattered in so many places can not answer the original intention of that disposition: vizt Protecting that part of the Country, which is now abandoned by the Inhabitants, and we at the same time deprived of the aid we would receive, by bringing those who garrison it here. And as, without an immediate reinforcement here, it is impracticable either to send a supply of Provisions to Edwards’s, or to open a communication to Conogochieg, from whence only we can hope for getting Provisions even for the few men in these Quarters: And as the few men at Enocks’s and Edwards’s, can only act upon the defensive and can not hold out for want of Provisions—If it would not be better for them to escort the few Inhabitants now under their protection, to the interior part of the Settlement where they can be supplied with Provisions; and by that reinforcement, we be enabled to open a communication with Conogochieg—or wait the uncertain arrival of the militia for their Relief.
It is the unanimous opinion of the Council, that Enocks’s Fort should be immediately evacuated and burnt; to prevent its being of service to the Enemy: That its Garrison, and all that can be spared from Edwards’s, do join us with the utmost expedition; bringing such of the Inhabitants under their escort, as chuse to come.
The opinion of the Council was likewise asked, whether it was most advisable for the Sergeants Command to be ordered to retreat, or to maintain that trifling Stockade. It is unanimously agreed, that as there are no late accounts from thence, consequently can not so well judge of their circumstances; and as giving an absolute Order either to stay or move, might produce their ruin—That a Discretionary Power should be sent them, either to stay or retreat, as to them might appear most safe.


Title: From George Washington to Henry Harrison, 23 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Harrison, Henry

[Winchester, 23 April 1756]
To Captain Henry Harrison. commanding at Edwards’s Fort.Sir,

It has been determined here in a Council of War, that it would be most advisable for you to repair to this place; as a small party would defend Edwards’s Fort.
In consequence of which you are hereby ordered to proceed (as soon as you are joined by Ensign Hubbards party) to this place: and escort such of the inhabitants as are willing to come to this place. You must acquaint the people at Homers’-Fort, that you are coming down with a party; and that if they choose to come with you, you will escort them here, or to Edwards’s—If they agree to this, you must detach a party to escort them to Edwards’s. You are to have a Subaltern, two Sergeants, and twenty-five rank and file, at Edwards’s Fort; unless the inhabitants desire to come down here—If so, you are to take them under escort: and must take care, if they insist upon leaving the Fort, to destroy it; as you must that at Homers, if the inhabitants come off. With the rest you are to proceed here, after complying with your other Orders. You must bring down the Waggons and Horses that are there; and must call at Captain Smiths, and bring down what Stores belonging to the Country, are at that place.
I would recommend it to the inhabitants if they come off, to bring their Cattle, &c. with them.

G:W.
April 23, 1756.


Title: From George Washington to Edward Hubbard, 23 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Hubbard, Edward

[Winchester, 23 April 1756]

To Ensign Hubbard. commanding at Enocks’s Fort.Sir,

It has been determind here in a Council of War, that it would be most advisable for you to evacuate your Fort at Enocks’s; destroy it, and join Captain Harrison at Edwards’s, with your party, stores, and the inhabitants. As we are not acquainted with their situation at Cox’s, it was thought best that you should send the Sergeant there, a conditional order to join you at Enocks’s, or keep possession where he is (whichever he and the Inhabitants, from the situation of affairs, think most advisable;) until we can send them some assistance, which will, I hope, be very soon; as I expect to be joined by a number of men shortly.
You are to send him this order immediately. If he retreats to your party, you must order him to destroy the Fort, ere he quits the place.
I would recommend it to the Inhabitants, to drive down their Cattle, &c. with them. Yours

G:W.
April 23, 1756.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Dinwiddie, 24 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Dinwiddie, Robert

[Winchester, 24 April 1756]
To the Honorable Robert Dinwiddie, Esquire; Governor of Virginia.Honble Sir,

Not an hour, nay, scarcely a minute passes, that does not produce fresh alarms and melancholy accounts. So that I am distracted what to do! nor is it possible for me to give the people the necessary assistance for their defence; upon account of the small number of men we have, or is likely to be here, for sometime.

The Inhabitants are removing daily; and in a short time will leave this County as desolate as Hampshire, where scarce a family lives!
Three families were murdered the night before last at the distance of less than twelve miles from this place: and every day we have accounts of such cruelties and Barbarities, as are shocking to human nature: nor is it possible to conceive the situation and danger of this miserable County: Such numbers of French and Indians all around; no road is safe to travel: and here, we know not the hour how soon we may be attacked!
But as it is not in my power to give your Honor a full account of every thing: I have sent Captain Peachy to wait upon you: who can be more ample and satisfactory in every point that requires your Honors notice.
I have written for the Militia of Fairfax, Prince-William, and Culpeper; and expect them here in a few days: but how they are to be supplied with ammunition and Provision—I am quite at a loss. The distance of Fort Cumberland from us, where these supplies are, renders them useless in a manner, and puts us to the greatest straits; and the Inhabitants leaving their Farms, will make it impossible for the Militia to subsist without Provisions; which are now very scarce, and will be more so.
I should therefore be glad your Honor would send arms, ammunition and Provisions up; and give immediate orders for the Irish Beef at Alexandria; which can not be had without your consent.
Your Honor spoke of sending some Indians to our assistance; in which no time should be lost, nor means omitted, to engage all the Catawbas and Cherokees that can possibly be gathered together, and immediately dispatched hither. For, without Indians to oppose Indians, we may expect but small success. And I should think it no bad scheme (while the Indians remain here in such numbers) to have a detachment sent out with some friendly indians; to make an attempt upon their Towns—Though this should be executed with all imaginable Secresy.
I hear the Assembly are for augmenting the Forces (in pay) to fifteen hundred; which are far too few to defend the Frontiers against so numerous an Enemy. But I have often wrote you my sentiments upon this and other subjects; so shall not now enlarge.

I have also written to the Speaker by Captain Peachy; who will, I imagine, communicate to your Honor, what demands your immediate regard.
I wish your Honor would resolve me whether the Militia that are expected here must be supplied out of the public Stocks of Provisions laid in for the Soldiers; or if they are to find themselves? The want of due direction in matters of this nature, causes great inconvenience. Give me leave to urge your Honors speedy care of sending Men and ammunition to our assistance; else the consequence may prove very fatal in a little time.
I have been just now informed, that numbers about the neighbourhood hold Councils and Cabals to very dishonourable purposes and unworthy the thoughts of a British Subject—Despairing of assistance and protection from below (as they foolishly conjecture;) they talk of capitulating and coming upon terms with the French and Indians; rather than lose their lives and Fortunes through obstinancy!
My Force at present is very weak and unable to take the necessary measures with those suspected—But as soon as the Militia arrive, be assured I will do my utmost to detect and secure such pests of Society—if my information is not groundless; which I should be glad to find so.
I enclose your Honor a copy of a Council of War lately held here; and copies of some Letters since my last to you: one of which, for Colonel Martin, was just sent to me from Fort Hopewell, on the South-Branch—They have had an Engagement there with the French and Indians; the particulars of which you will see by the enclosed. Captain Waggener with a party of his men, joined them next day, and went in pursuit of the Enemy, but could not come up with them. The Water’s were so high, that although Captain Waggener heard them engaged, he could send them no assistance. From these and other circumstances you may form but a faint idea of the wretched and unhappy situation of this County: nor can it be conceived.
My extreme hurry, confusion and anxiety, must plead an excuse for incorrectness, &c. I am your Honors &c.

G:W.
Winchester, April 24th 1756.


Title: From George Washington to John Robinson, 24 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Robinson, John

[Winchester, 24 April 1756]
To John Robinson, Esquire; Speaker to the House of Burgesses.Dear Sir,

Yesterday I received yours by Mr Kirkpatrick, and am sorry to hear the Reflections upon the conduct of the Officers.
I could wish that their names had been particularized; that justice might be done to the innocent, and guilty! For, it is extremely hard that the whole Corps should suffer the most un-genteel reproaches, for the inadvertance and misconduct of a few. The deplorable situation of this people is no more to be described, than my anxiety and uneasiness for their relief. And I see in so clear a light the inevitable destruction of this County without immediate assistance; that I can not look forward but with the most poignant Sorrow. You may expect by the time this comes to hand, that without a considerable reinforcement, Frederick-County will not be mistress of fifteen families: They are now retreating to the securest parts in droves of fifties—In short, every thing has too melancholy an appearance for pen to communicate: I have therefore sent an Officer whose good sense and judicious observations, will be a more effectual way of transmitting an account of the peoples distresses.
I wish the Assembly had given two thousand men, instead of fifteen hundred; and that I had been acquainted with the Dispositions they intended to make. Since I am ignorant of this, I hope it will not be thought presuming, when I offer my Sentiments upon the subject.
We are, Sir, first to consider, that if a chain of Forts is erected upon our Frontiers, it is done with a design to protect the People—Therefore, if these Forts are more than fifteen and eighteen miles, or a days march asunder, and Garrisoned with less than eighty or an hundred men each, the intention is lost. and for these reasons 1st If they are at greater distances, it is inconvenient for the Soldiers to Scout; and allows the Enemy to pass between, without being easily discovered; and when discovered, so soon pursued. And Secondly; if they are garrisoned with less than eighty or an hundred men, the number is too few to afford Detachments: Then, again, our Frontiers are so extensive, that were the Enemy to attack us on the one side; before the

Troops on the other could get to their assistance, they might over-run and destroy half the Country: And it is more than probable, if they had a design upon the first, they would make a feint upon the other. Then we are to consider what sums the building of twenty Forts would cost; and the removing Stores and Provisions to each—And, in the last place, we are to consider, where and when, this expence is to end? For, if we do not endeavour to remove the cause, we are liable to the same incursions seven years hence as now; if the War continues, and they are allowed to remain on Ohio.
I shall next give the reasons which I think make for a defensive plan. If the neighbouring Colonies refuse us their assistance, we have neither strength or abilities, of ourselves, to conduct an expedition: or, if we had, and were the whole to join us; I do not see to what purpose—since we have neither a Train of artillery, artillery men, Engineers &c. to execute any Scheme beyond the mountains, against a Regular Fortress. Again, we have not, that I can see, either Stores or Provisions, arms or ammunition, Waggons or Horses, in any degree proportioned to the Service: and, to undertake an affair where we are sure to fall through; would be productive of the worst consequences: and another defeat, would entirely lose us the Interest of every Indian!
If, then, we can not act offensively, with a prospect of success; we must be upon the Defensive: and that there is no way to protect the People, or save ourselves, but by a chain of Forts, is evidently certain.
I would beg leave, in that case, to propose that there should be a strong Fort erected at this place, for a general Receptacle of all the Stores, &c. and a place of Residence for the Commanding Officers; to be Garrisoned with one Company for the security of the Stores; and to serve as escorts for all Waggons that are going higher up: because it is the most public and most convenient for intelligence, of any in the Country; and the most convenient to the part that will ever be attacked by Numbers: it lying directly on the Road to Fort Duquisne; from whence, and their Indian allies, who are still up higher, we have the greatest reason to apprehend Danger. It also lies convenient to the Inhabitants, for raising the Militia, when occasion requires.
I have found by experience, that being just within the Inhabitants,

is absolutely necessary, to give Orders for the defence of the People: and, that Fort Cumberland is of no more use towards the defence of the Country, than Fort-George at Hampton; and know as little what is doing. For the People, so soon as they are alarmed, immediately fly inwards; and at this time there is not an Inhabitant living between here and Fort-Cumberland—except a few Settlements upon the Manor, about a Fort we built there; and a few families at Edwards’s, on Cacapehon, with a Guard of ours; which make this very Town at present the outmost Frontiers: and though a place trifling in itself, is yet of the utmost importance; as it commands the communication from East to West, as well as from North to South. For at this place do almost all the Roads centre; and secures the Great Roads of one half of our Frontiers, to the Markets of the neighbouring Colonies as well as those on Rappahannock and Potomack &c. At Fort Cumberland I would have one Company Garrisoned to secure the Place; to procure the earliest intelligence; and to cover all Detachments that may be sent towards the Ohio: which is all the use it can ever be of. In the next place I would propose, that a good Fort should be erected between this and Fort Cumberland; which shall be in a line with the chain of Forts across the Country, and be Garrisoned with two Companies. This I would advise, because, as I before observed, if we are ever attacked by a large Body, it must be here; as they have no other road to our Frontiers, either to transport men or necessaries.
These three Forts that I have already spoke of, will employ four Companies; which will be a tolerable Body, if the Companies are large; which they would be according to the Scheme I sent you. And it would be a trifling expence to augment each Company to one-hundred privates, which will make two thousand, exclusive of Officers; which were included in the Scheme last sent.
After this is done, I would post the remaining Companies equidistant, or at proper passes along our Frontiers, agreeable to the enclosed Sketch; and order communications to be opened between Fort, and Fort; and large Detachments scouting between, to discover the tracts of the Enemy.
And, now, Sir, one thing to add, which requires the Assembly’s attention; and that is—what vale, or upon what part of our

Frontiers these Forts are to be built? For, I am to tell you, that the Great Ridge, or north mountain, so called in Evans’s map, to which I refer; is now become our exterior Bounds: there not being one Inhabitant beyond that, on all the potomack waters; except a few families on the South Branch, and at Joseph Edwards’s, on Cacapehon (which I have already mentioned) guarded by a Party of ours. So that it requires some consideration to determine whether we are to build near this, to protect the present Inhabitants; or on the South Branch, or Pattersons Creek: in hopes of drawing back those who have forsaken their dwellings.
If we do not build there, that Country will ever want Settlers—and if we do; there is so great a Blank, with such a series of mountains between; that it will be next to impossible, to guard the people effectually. I could again wish that the Assembly had given two-thousand men, exclusive of Officers; to be formed into two Battalions, of ten Companies each, with four Field-Officers: Indeed, fifteen hundred men are a greater number than ever was in a Regiment of only one Battalion; and should be divided into two, with four field Officers; who should be posted so as to have the immediate care of a certain number of Forts; with Orders to draw from one to another, as occasion should require.
I could add more on this Subject; but am so hurried, that I am obliged to refer, for further particulars, to the Bearer, who will tell you, that, to carry on all these works, a number of Tools, as well as many other necessaries, will be absolutely wanting.
I have given my opinion with candour; and submit to correction with the greatest pleasure—Confusion and hurry must apologize for the incoherence and incorrectness hereof. I am Dear Sir, Yr’s &c.

G:W.
Winchester, April 24th 1756.


Title: Orders, 25 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Suffolk.
Winchester: Sunday, April 25th 1756.


Title: From George Washington to David Bell, 25 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Bell, David

[Winchester, 25 April 1756]

   To Captain David Bell commanding at Conogogee.Sir,

As the roads at present are so much infested, I do not think it safe to send the things you wrote for until another opportunity. I must desire that you will be very diligent, and guard against a Surprize from the Enemy, as they will certainly attact you, if they find it possible to surprize you.
You are to detach Ensign Crawford with twenty men, to reconnoitre the Country towards Hites, on Opekon; and towards Bullskin, or wherever he finds these Inhabitants have retired to: He is to act rather as a reconnoitring party, than as an Offensive one. Yours &c.

G:W.

April 25th 1756.


Title: Orders, 26 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Taunton.
Winchester: Monday, April 26th 1756.

A Regimental Court Martial to sit immediately for Trial of George Livingston. Lieutenant Eustace, President.


Title: From George Washington to Henry Harrison, 26 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Harrison, Henry

[Winchester, 26 April 1756]

To Captain Henry Harrison. commanding at Edwards’s.Sir,

If you receive this before you leave Edwards’s, I would have you proceed with a Detachment of yours, in your way to his, by Darby McIvers, who, with his Servant, &c. is killed by the Enemy—and endeavour, if the Bearer can shew you their bodies, to have them Buried.
You must endeavour to bring off the Cattle, &c. of the Inhabitants about there if possible, if you do not hear that the Enemy

are too strong in that Quarter for you to make an attempt of this kind. If you should get intelligence that they are; I would have you proceed here with your party, without regard to these orders—Make all the dispatch you possibly can to this place; as I wait your arrival with great impatience. Yours &c.

G:W.
April 26th 1756.


Title: Memorandum, 26 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 26 April 1756]

The Commissary at Conogochieg is ordered to deliver Mr Grub five days Flour, for forty men.


Title: From George Washington to Adam Stephen, 26 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Stephen, Adam

[Winchester, 26 April 1756]
To Lieutenant Colonel Stephen, at Fort Cumberland.Sir,

I received your several Letters yesterday, and am very glad to hear that all our Garrisons are safe. We every day expect very strong reinforcements and as soon as they arrive, shall scour all the woods between this and Fort Cumberland: and put what is possible to spare into the Garrisons: But, until I have effected the first plan, can not possibly join you; as it would be of the worst consequence to leave the Enemy, who have now burnt, killed, and destroyed every thing they fell in with, even as low as Opekon in the heart of this County, to proceed to that Fort. I must desire you will be very diligent; and send your Orders to the other Garrisons as oft as you see occasion. Yours &c.

G:W.
Winchester, April 26th 1756.


Title: To George Washington from Robert Dinwiddie, 26 April 1756
From: Dinwiddie, Robert
To: Washington, George

Sir
Williamsburg Apr. 26th 1756

I recd Yr Letter by this Express last Night, & this Morning laid all the Letters before the House of Burgesses & really it gives me very great uneasiness & Concern to observe the dismal Situation our back Settlers are in—And when I consider the Slowness of the House in raising Men—I have sent Expresses to the Counties of Frederick Fairfax, Prince Wm Culpeper, Orange Stafford Spotsylvania, Caroline, Albemarle & Louisa, ordering the Commanding Officers of each to march one half of their whol Militia imediately to Winchester; & I shall send directly to Fredericksbg 40 barrels Powder 500 Small Arms, with Shott & Flints to Commissary Walker who goes up from this to take the necessary Care in distributing the same.
I am excessively hurried with the above Dispatches that I can write no more at Present but recommendg You to the Protection of God I remain Sir Your most humble Servant

Robt Dinwiddie


Title: To George Washington from William Fairfax, 26–27 April 1756
From: Fairfax, William
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Wmsburg 26th[–27] April 1756

I rec’d your Favor with the enclosd Estimate of your present Corps and proposd Regulation for 2000 Men to be formd into two Battalions. Those I have talkt with Seem to approve of the Scheme and wish it may be Effected. The Proceedings below Stairs go on slowly notwithstanding on hearing of the many and repeated Invasions of our Enemys, They appear alarmd and are for immediate Dispatch, Yet a few Hours lull their Fears and all’s well again. I hope You will receive this under the Escort and Convoy of our Cherokee and Nottoway Indians under the Care of Majr Andw Lewis When being joynd You and known abroad to be under yr Command will be a great Checque to the French and their Indians. In the Account given of Captn John Mercer’s Defeat, I suspect the Indians who are Swift on Foot drew our unwary People by a pretended Flight into an Ambuscade. Our Agent Mr Abercrombie writes, that the Lord Lowden & his Kinsman Colo. Abercrombie were namd for the Command of the several Forces to be employd in No. America and three Regiments to be Embarqu’d with Them, but their long tarrying gives too great an Advantage to the Enemy who are dayly projecting and doing Us manifold Mischiefs. No Advances yet in the Ho. of B. relating to your’s and Officers Memorial—A long Sessions but little of Importance done. In the Genl Court a Judgment is obtaind for your late Brother agt Keyes who on pressing Solicitation is allowd Six Months for Payment; also agt Colo. Lomax who flatters himself with the Prospect of great Wealth from his Share of a Copper Mine given Him and Colo. Chiswell by Colo. Joshua Fry which has a Show of much rich Ore.

the 27th
last Night the Governor told Me He was concernd that in your Letter to Him You should express great Uneasiness of Mind for not having every Thing as You wish, observing his own frequent Disappointments, And that his Endeavors has been to make your Situation easy. Accordingly yesterday P.M. [he] issued his express Orders to the Lieuts. of the Countys of Fairfax, Prince Wm, Culpeper, Spotsylvania, Orange, Stafford & Caroline to send half their Militia to joyn You forthwith, the

Officers to consult with and have yr Directions in what Manner Your Corps & They can best repel and drive away or humble the Savage Enemy. The Ho. of B. are pleasd with his Honor’s Orders and depend on your Vigilance and Success. Your Endeavors in the Service and Defence of your Country must redound to your Honor, therefore pray don’t let any unavoidable Interruptions sicken your Mind in the Attempts You may pursue. Your good Health and Fortune is the Toast at every Table, Among the Romans such a general Acclamation and public Regard shown to any of their Chieftains were always esteemd a high Honor and gratefully accepted.
Yr Brother John is espousd to the late Miss Bushrod. 500 small Arms, 40 Brs. of Powder, Shott & Flints are orderd imediately to Fredericksburg under the Care of Doctr Walker who is also appointed Commissary to supply the needful Provisions—We here hope when these Bodys of Militia & the Indians joyn, You will [be] able to March agt the Enemy if advisable—All your Friends Salute You, in which Gratulations and cordial Wishes for every Felicity that can reward a Soldier, None can exceed Dear Sir Yr affecte Friend &c.

W: Fairfax


Title: Orders, 27 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Utretcht.
Winchester: Tuesday, April 27th 1756.


Title: Orders, 28–29 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Williamsburg.
[28, 29 April 1756]Winchester: Wednesday, April 28th 1756.

Xerxes.
Winchester: Thursday, April 29th 1756

Colonel Washington Orders, that no Officer presume on any pretence whatever, to impress any Horse, &c. without first applying to him for a warrant or order. And as complaint has been made, that the Soldiers do take horses without leave; He desires the Officers to be very careful, that no such thing is done for the future: and to warn the Soldiers, that they shall be severely punished, if it can be proved upon any of them hereafter.


Title: To George Washington from Robert Dinwiddie, 29 April 1756
From: Dinwiddie, Robert
To: Washington, George

Sir
Williamsburg April 29th 1756

Your Letter of the 24th was delivered me by Capt. Peachy, which Letter with his Information gives me great Pain & Uneasiness for the back Settlements, & Your present distress’d Situation,

I have & continue to do every Thing in my Power for Your relief.
The Militia of ten Counties are ordered to march directly for Winchester, Small Arms, Powder Shott &ca have been sent from this to Fredericksburg two Days ago, as the Winds have been tolerably fair I think they will be at Fredericksburg Tomorrow: Commissary Walker is sent up to forward the Ammunition to You, to provide Provisions & any other necessary Services; & I hope soon after the arrival of the Militia You will be able to open the Communication with Fort Cumberland—Mr Walker has My Orders to send for the Irish Beef at Alexandria, & I hope we have Men sufficient to guard the Provisions at Conegochege.
The Cherokees left this on Monday for Augusta Court House, & I send an Express to Major Lewis to hasten them to Winchester. As to an Attempt against the Towns of the Enemy it must be suspended a little till we secure our Frontiers.
As to a Supply for the Militia, if the Comissary should be disappointed in his purchase, You must order any Provisions You have for their Support, without any regard to what they were provided for.
I dread the Consequence, if You have not Men immediately to Your Assistance, I have therefore given possitive & strong Orders to the Commanding Officers of each County to march their Militia imediately to Winchester.
I am surpriz’d at the Information You have of the Cabals of the People in the Neighbourhood of Winchester in forming themselves in Parties to capitulate with the Enemy, if You can make a Discovery thereof when the Militia reaches You, You are to make Prisoners of them all that they may be tried for High Treason & punish’d according to Law, for I cou’d not think we had such Wretches among us, & if there is any Foundation for the Report endeavour to detect them, to be made Examples of to deter others.
I have carefully perused the Copy of Your Council of War & the Letters You have enclos’d. I am sincerely concern’d & heartily griev’d for Your present Situation & be assured every Thing I can shall be done for Your relief & Assistance. I recommend You to the Protection of Heaven with sincere Prayers for

Your Safety, & those poor People that are so much exposed to the Barbarities of a cruel & inhuman Enemy—I am Sincerely Sir Your most humble Servant

Robt Dinwiddie

My kind Service to Govr Innes.


Title: Orders, 30 April 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

York.
Winchester: Friday, April 30th 1756.

A Court martial to sit immediately for Trial of John Colins, corporal, and Richard Dun.


Title: Memorandum respecting the Militia, 1–2 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Winchester[1–2 May 1756]

On Thursday the 29th of May [April] 1756 divers expresses being first sent to the County Lieutenants of Fairfax Prince William and Culpeper Mr Dalton at the head of 31 Volunteer’s and 54 Militia from Fairfax came to Town. the same day I receivd an express from Captn Broadwater at the Gap of the Short Hills informing me that himself and the Captns Ramsay[,] Minor and Hamilton with abt 100 Men were at that place—that he had receivd my dispatches to hurry on the Militia and desird to know wht number should be sent—I here upon advised with Captn Dalton who told me that ten Men

from each of those Companys was the complement intended by the Comg Officer in Fairfax I therefore orderd that number to be im[mediatel]y detach’d. Sun[da]y M[ay] 1st they ⟨illegible⟩ under Captn James Hamilton. as did Captn Russel with 23 Volunteers from Williams’s gap.
This day I rec. another express from Captn Broadwater setting forth that he had just receivd one from Colo. Carlyle ordering him to remain at tht place till he heard from me: and that he was scarce of provisns and coud not buy—I also abt the same time I recd an express from Colo. Carlyle desireing me to order up such a part of the said Militia as I thought necessary upon which I sent to Captn Broadwater for a detac. of 25 more and ordered the ⟨oths.⟩ to be dismiss’d.


Title: Orders, 1 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Augusta.
Winchester: Saturday, May 1st 1756.

A Return to be given in immediately of the whole number of men of the Virginia Regiment now in this Town; and those that are fit for Duty.
After Orders.
A Captain, two Subalterns, three Sergeants, three corporals, one Drummer, and forty-five private men to mount Guard tomorrow morning, at eight o’clock.
Every Officer in town to make out his Recruiting accompts; observing the former Rules and Orders given about that point, and to give them in immediately.
Any commissioned Officer, who stands by and sees irregularities committed and does not endeavour to quell them; shall be immediately put under arrest. Any non-commissioned Offiver, present, who does not interpose shall be immediately reduced; and receive corporal punishment.
Any Soldier, who shall presume to quarrel or fight; shall receive five hundred lashes, without the Benefit of a Court Martial. The Offender (upon complaint made) shall have strict justice done him.
Any Soldier found Drunk, shall immediately receive one hundred lashes; without Benefit of a court-martial.
The Officer of the Guard is particularly ordered, to be diligent in seeing these orders executed. A Court-Martial to sit immediately, for trial of these two Soldiers, confined for fighting with the Militia.


Title: Memorandum respecting the Militia, 2 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 2 May 1756]

May 2d The aforesd detacht of 25 arrivd which made in the whole, includg Volunteers (but of these 13 returnd) 173 Men.


Title: Orders, 2 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Brunswick.
Winchester: Sunday, May 2d 1756.

A General Court Martial, to consist of four Captains, and five Subalterns, to sit immediately for trial of Lieutenant Lomax, of the Virginia Regiment—Captain Stewart, President—Mr Kirkpatrick, Judge Advocate.
The President to wait on Colonel Washington for his Orders—All Evidences to attend: another Captain is ordered to the Court Martial—The youngest Subaltern to be taken off.

George Washington Esquire; Colonel of the Virginia Regiment, and Commander of  all the Virginia Forces,  raised and to be raised.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Stewart, 2 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Stewart, Robert

[Winchester, 2 May 1756]
To Captain Robert Stewart, of the Virginia Regiment.

By Virtue of the Power and Authority to me given and granted, by the Honorable Robert Dinwiddie Esquire, Governor of Virginia;
I do Hereby constitute and appoint you President of a General Court-Martial, to sit between the hours of eight and three; for trial of Lieutenant John Lomax, of the Virginia Regiment;

accused of neglect of Duty, in not covering the Retreat of a Detachment under command of Captain John Mercer, engaged with the French and Indians nigh Edwards’s Fort, the 18th ultimo.
In so doing, this shall be your warrant. Given under my Hand and Seal at Winchester, this second day of may, 1756.

G:W.


Title: Court-Martial, 2 May 1756
From: Stewart, Robert
To:

[2 May 1756]

At a General Court-Martial, Held at Winchester, the second day of May, 1756.
Captain Robert Stewart, President.

                  Captain Woodward
                  }

                  {
                  Captain Lewis

                  Captain Spotswood
                  Members
                  Captain Harrison

                  Lieutenant Stark
                  Lieutenant Hall

                  Lieutenant Bullet

                  Lieutenant Eustace

Lieutenant John Lomax, accused of neglect of Duty, in not covering the Retreat of a Detachment, under command of Captain John Mercer, engaged with the French and Indians, nigh Edwards’s Fort, the eighteenth ultimo.
Ensign Dennis McCarty, first Evidence sworn, says; That the action with the Indians began about one and an half miles from the Fort; and that it continued, he thinks, half an hour, before their party began to retreat—He further says—That their retreat might have been much secured, had a party of even ten men from the Fort taken possession of a hill, betwixt them and a pond, over which they were obliged to pass; but no assistance being there, or nigh them—only Lieutenant Blagg, with a few men upon the opposite side of the pond; they were obliged to retreat with the utmost precipitation, to the Dam of that Pond: otherwise, had the Enemy intercepted them, they must have all been inevitably cut off. Lieutenant John Williams (second Evidence) gave the same as Mr McCarty.
Lieutenant John Blagg, third Evidence, sworn—Says, that when Captain John Mercer and his Detachment went out of the

Fort, he happened to be asleep; but awaking in a little time after, asked where Captain Mercer was, and what Orders he had left; to which Lieutenant John Lomax answered, that he was gone out in pursuit of some Indians; and that he had ordered him (Lomax) to remain in the Fort, and not allow many men to go out of it. However, the Deponent says, he ordered all the men in the Fort to be in readiness to march; and, upon hearing some Guns fired, he gave orders that about thirty men should follow him. Mr Lomax thereupon asked the Deponent if he should go out with the men; but the Deponent replied, that he himself would go, as Mr Lomax was ordered by Captain Mercer, to remain in the Fort. The Deponent says, that about thirty men followed him out of the Fort; but before he reached the side of the pond, from whence he intended to surprize the Enemy on their Rear, all his men had deserted him but eight or ten—He then marched towards a point; but before he reached that place, he heard our party was beaten, and obliged to retreat over the Dam—He then made toward the Dam; but by the time he came there, he found that our party had got over: It being then very dark, they consulted what was most expedient to be done—They all agreed it the best way to return to the Fort; lest the Enemy should intercept them, and hinder their return.
Lieutenant John Lomax in defence, says, that he had orders from Captain John Mercer to remain in the Fort, and hinder the men from going out of it—That he did not know the situation of our party, or that they had been beaten; but rather believed that they were victorious, by the hallooing he heard from them—Nor did he know they had retreated, until he saw them, which was then about two hundred yards from the Fort. As to that Hill which Mr McCarty mentions, being of great service, had it been secured with a few men—Mr Lomax says that his ignorance of our partys success and situation, and the distance of that hill, would have rendered any assistance he could have given, ineffectual: because the Enemy might have got possession there before him, or at least as soon.
Lieutenant Lemon Sworn—Says, that Captain Mercer and most of the Officers and men had gone out of the Fort, when Lieutenant John Lomax asked Captain Mercer, if it was not improper

that every body should leave the Fort? Upon which Captain Mercer said, to Mr Lomax, will you keep the Fort? to which Mr Lomax replied, if it is your orders, I will.
Sergeant John Sallard being sworn, says, that after all the parties had marched out of the Fort, that not more than twenty Soldiers, and three or four country people, remained.
The Court are unanimously of opinion, that as Lieutenant John Lomax remained in the Fort, in consequence of his orders—and being ignorant of the Disposition and Success of our Party—It would have been imprudent for him to sally out with so small a number as was left him; and to leave the Fort entirely defenseless.
Therefore I think him not Guilty of any neglect of Duty, nor want of courage; by the readiness he shewed in offering to go out, when Lieutenant Blagg did.

Robert Stewart.


Title: After Orders, 2 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 2 May 1756]

After Orders.
A Return to be given in immediately of the Detachments from Fort-Cumberland, Cocke’s and Ashby’s Forts; by the Officers; of what necessaries the men want—which will be delivered them immediately. They are also to return the number of men each of those Officers has under command; and they shall receive a months’ pay for each man.
The General Court martial, whereof Captain Stewart was president, is dissolved.
Colonel Washington has approved of the sentence of the said Court martial, which was unanimous in opinion, that Lieutenant Lomax was not guilty of neglect of Duty; and that he remained in the Fort in consequence of his Orders; and that his conduct is not culpable.
A General Court Martial, to consist of four Captains and five Subalterns, to sit immediately for trial of Sergeant Nathaniel Lewis; for retreating with a party without orders—and those men, confined for throwing away their arms in the retreat of the party, defeated on the eighteenth of April last, near Edwards’s Fort.
Captain Woodward, President: who is to wait on Colonel Washington for his Orders.
Mr Kirkpatrick, Judge-Advocate.
All Evidences to attend.


Title: Court-Martial, 2 May 1756
From: Woodward, Henry
To:

[Winchester, 2 May 1756]

A Commission, after the Form of that to Captain Stewart, was given to Captain Woodward. The Court met—vizt

Captain Woodward, President.

                  Captain Spotswood
                  }

                  {
                  Captain Harrison

                  Captain Lewis
                  Members
                  Lieutenant Blagg

                  Lieutenant Bullet
                  Lieutenant Eustace

                  Lieutenant Lowry

                  Ensign McCarty

After hearing the Evidences for and against Sergeant Nathan Lewis’s Behaviour—The Court was divided; and could come to no Determination.

Henry Woodward.

After examining the Evidences for and against Matthew Fling, and George Clarke, Soldiers; confined for throwing away their arms—The Court are of opinion, that from their good Behaviour in the Engagement, they did not designedly throw away their musquets—but lost them unfortunately in the Retreat.

Henry Woodward.


Title: Evening Orders, 2 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 2 May 1756]

Evening Orders.
The General Court Martial, whereof Captain Woodward was President, is dissolved—and Colonel Washington approves of the Sentence of the Court, in regard to Fling and Clarke; who lost their arms. Sergeant Lewis is to have a further Hearing.


Title: Memorandum respecting the Militia, 3 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 3 May 1756]

May 3d 100 of the aforesd Militia under the Captns Minor and Hamilton were ordd to March for the Branch the rest to join a Scoutg Party of the Regt that was orderd to search Back Ck &ca.


Title: Orders, 3 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Cork.
Winchester. Monday, May 3d 1756.

A General Court Martial, to consist of five Captains and eight Subalterns; to sit immediately for Trial of Sergeant Nathan Lewis—Captain Stewart, President—who is to wait on Colonel Washington for his Orders.
Mr Kirkpatrick, Judge-Advocate—all Evidences to attend.
After Orders.
Lieutenant John Hall is appointed Judge-Advocate for this Court-Martial, instead of Mr Kirkpatrick.
After issuing a Commission for Captain Stewart, President; the Court met, and proceeded as follows.


Title: Evening Orders, 3 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 3 May 1756]

Evening Orders.
The General Court Martial, whereof Captain Stewart was President, is dissolved.
Colonel Washington approves of the Sentence of the Court—

was unanimous in opinion, that Sergeant Nathan Lewis, for his misbehaviour, in running away with his Party, should suffer Death.
The three eldest Captains, eight Subalterns, ten Sergeants, one Drummer, and an hundred Rank & File, to hold themselves in readiness to march to morrow morning upon a Scout.
The Officers to examine the mens arms and ammunition; and see that they are in good order; and are completed with cartridges—This command to draw two days provision more to-night.
The Captains for this command, to see that these Orders are punctually complied with.
Of the Fairfax Militia one hundred men must march tomorrow for the South-Branch; under two Captains and four Subalterns—and to receive their Orders from Colonel Washington. The remainder of the Fairfax Militia, and the company of Volunteers, under Captain John Dalton; are to join the above party, ordered to Scout.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Dinwiddie, 3 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Dinwiddie, Robert

[Winchester, 3 May 1756]
To the Honorable Robert Dinwiddie Esq; Governor of Virginia.Honble Sir,

I received your two Letters of the 23d and 26th ultimo.
I have sent down an indian scalp which was taken off at the place where Captain Mercer had his Engagement. He was found thrust under some rocks, and stones piled up against them. They have reason to believe there were more killed, from

the quantity of blood found on the ground, where the Indians fired from; and from other discoveries of their attempts to make more Graves—But a hard shower of rain prevented their making a farther search.
We have some reason to believe the Indians are returned to Fort Du Quisne; as some Scouts from Fort Cumberland saw their tracts that way: and many corroborating accounts affirm, that the Roads over the Allegany-mountains are as much beaten as they were last year, by General Braddocks army. From these and other circumstances, we may judge their numbers were considerable; and whether they are gone for the Season, or only to bring in a larger party; I am at a loss to determine.
For which reason, and from the scarcity of provisions on this side Fort-Cumberland: I must beg leave humbly to offer it to your Honors superior Judgment, if it would not be advisable to stop all the Militia that are ordered from the ten Counties, save about five or six hundred from the adjacent ones? which will serve to cover our Frontiers on this Quarter (which is the only part that ever will or can be much exposed) until the Regiment is completed by Draughts, and until they can erect Fortresses; if the country intend a chain of Forts for their Defence—Draughts, if they are judiciously chosen, will be of infinitely more service, and much less expence to the Country, and can be immediately put to their posts.
I am convinced, if your Honor has a mind to stop any part of the Militia, you will have full time, notwithstanding they are ordered to Rendezvous at this place the 10th instant. I never knew any yet to appear in ten days after they were expected: and I am also apprehensive, that having so many of the Militia out, will be the means of retarding the Draughts; which above all things, I wish to see.
Though I have often troubled your Honor on this head; I must again beg leave to desire your particular instructions and information of what is to be done; as being in a state of uncertainty, without knowing the plan of operations, or what scheme to go upon, reduces me to the greatest straits, and leaves me to guess at every thing. Orders that are absolutely necessary to be dispatched to the Officers one day, appear the next as necessary to be contradicted. So that I really can not tell how to act for the Good of the Service; or satisfaction of any Individual.

Was the Regiment complete, and Things put on a proper Footing, the whole would go on smoothly and regularly; which is now rendered impossible. So much am I kept in the dark, that I do not know whether to prepare for the Offensive or Defensive: and what might be absolutely necessary in the one, would be quite useless in the other.
Great inconveniences arise from our being so dispersed through the country: The men can not be regularly paid or supplied. If every company had its proper post assigned, pay might be sent them; and necessaries always provided in due season. We could also have the same advantages, were we collected in one place: But there are so many Detachments out, one officer may command men of every company of the Regiment; and if necessaries are sent them, he is removed from his command; and those Things can not be stopped out of their pay. So by this method the country loses money; the men are badly supplied; and always discontented.
I find the Act of Assembly against Mutiny and Desertion quite insufficient; except in those two particular crimes. There is no notice—nor can a Court Martial be held by virtue of this act, against any Officer or Soldier who is charged with cowardice—Holding correspondence with the Ememy—Quitting, or sleeping upon a post—nay, many other crimes which are provided against in the Articles of War.
I think at this time it would be for the good of the Service to make an act to enforce the Articles of War in general, except two or three particular ones; such as impressing Waggons, &c. They are in force in our mother-country. They think them the best calculated for keeping Soldiers under Discipline: and none of them would prove burthensome or inconvenient, either to the Public or any Individual. And I can not, nor I imagine few others can assign any reason, why we should pretend to quit that, which by long experience has been found the best; to introduce one quite insufficient.
There are now in Town about one hundred and fifty of the Fairfax Militia; three hundred are expected from Prince William—With the Soldiers and Militia now here, I intend to go out and scour the woods hereabouts for three or four days, until the others arrive.
I want very much to go to Fort Cumberland, to regulate affairs

there; but fear I can not spare time, as my presence will be very necessary here.
Clothes for the men are very much wanted; there are none in store; and some men who have been enlisted these two months, to whom we could give nothing but a Blanket, Shoes and Shirt; are justly dissatisfied at having two-pence per day stopt from them.
Provision here is scarce, and the Commissary much wanted to lay in more. I have been, and still am obliged to do this Duty as well as most others; which I would take upon me, rather than let any thing be wanted for the good of the country, which I could do.
I inclose your Honor the Sentence of a General Court Martial, which was held here upon a Sergeant for running away with his Party. They have, I think, very justly adjudged him to suffer Death: which Sentence I hope you will approve of; as there never was a fitter object to make an Example of—being the second time he has been guilty of the same crime; nor a better time, as the Newly-draughted Recruits for the Regiment may be here by that time to see it executed; and it will be a good warning to them.
As Mr Kirkpatrick told me that the Committee objected to some part of my accompt, for cash paid William Jenkins; and said that your Honor had agreed with him, and was to pay him out of the public money—I should be glad of your Directions on that head, who he is to be paid by? as he is frequently applying to me for money. I am your Honor’s &c.

G:W.
Winchester, May 3d 1756.


Title: To George Washington from Robert Dinwiddie, 3 May 1756
From: Dinwiddie, Robert
To: Washington, George

Sir.
Williamsburg May 3d 1756

I am sincerely concern’d for Your Situation from the many flying Parties of French & Indians, but I hope before this reaches You a large body of Militia are at Winchester to reinforce You, & if possible to drive the Enemy over the Allegany Mountains; besides the Militia there are to be Drafts from each County to compleat Your Regiment to 1500 or 2000 Men, but I fear it will be a Month before they are all drafted.
I observe Colo. Stephen’s Letters vindicating his Character, & hope the Reports were without Foundation & in course malitious.
I approve, for the Reasons You assign, the fortifying of Winchester, & when the Militia arrives You may employ many of them on that Business, & if they expect extra Pay for that Service, You must agree with them accordingly; there are ten Cannon at Rock Creek with the Ball & all other Appurtenances, of the same weight as those at Fort Cumberland; if You can get clear of the cruel Invaders You may send for them & mount them at Winchester.
As to Provisions to the poor distress’d who have fled to You for protection, Humanity calls on You to grant them relief, & I am perswaded Your good Nature therein will be approv’d of by every Person.
We are in great want of Lead now in the Magazine after the three Tons sent to Fredericksburg. Do You know what Quantity is at Fort Cumberland?

I am now sending up some more Powder & Small Arms for Alexandria—I have ordered every Thing in my Power that I cou’d conceive necessary for Your relief; & I wish it was further in my Power to send Forces sufficient & all other Necessaries for extracting the Men & the poor Frontier Inhabitants from the Cruelty of a barbarous Enemy, & I doubt not in a short Time to turn the Tables on them; keep up Your Spirits & hope that all will be right soon.
If they have ordered some of the Forces from Brit[ai]n here it will be very agreeable, but at present I cannot tell where they are to be landed.
The Gentlemen here have enter’d into an Assosiation, one hundred mounted & accouter’d on Horseback, & propose carrying two hundred Volunteers with them, & intend to be at Fredericksbg in their way to Winchester by the 20th of this Month, to be Comanded by the Attoy Genl which I hope will give great Spirits to our Common People.
My Respects to Colo. Innes, I remain with Prayers for Your Protection & am Sir Your humble Servant

Robt Dinwiddie


Title: To George Washington from Peyton Randolph, 3 May 1756
From: Randolph, Peyton
To: Washington, George

Dear Colo.
May. 3. 1756.

Some public spirited Gentlemen have done me the honor to fix upon me as their leader, till we can come to the place where you command; when we shall be very glad to follow such orders, as you shall think most conducive to the public good. Our number, I guess, will be about thrree hundred, & we hope to have the pleasure of seeing you before the last of this Month. I am Dear Colo. yours to command

Peyton Randolph


Title: To George Washington from John Robinson, 3 May 1756
From: Robinson, John
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
May 3d 1756

I received your favour by the Express and am extremely concerned to hear of the distress the poor Inhabitants of Hampshire and Frederick are in but am in hopes from the Steps that are now taking here they will be soon releived and encouraged to return to their habitations, You will receive a Letter from the Attorney, by which you will find that he at the head of a Company of Gent. Voluntiers are proceeding with the greatest dispatch to your Assistance, We have passed a Bill for erecting a

Fort at Winchester, and the Council and House of Burgesses have agreed to a Represantation to his Majesty in which You and the other Officers are recommended to his Majestys favour, tho’ I am in great hopes it will be done before that representation reaches his Majesty, as we have advice that My Lord Loudon is coming over: and that he is to raise four More Regiments upon the Establishment in America, Our hopes Dear George are all fixed on You for bringing our Affairs to a happy issue, and I am very sure if you are properly assisted they wont be disapointed in their Expectations, that the Lord of Hosts will guard & protect you in all Dangers is the hearty prayer of him who is with the greatest sincerity Dr Sir Your Most Afft. Freind.

John Robinson


Title: Memorandum respecting the Militia, 4 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 4 May 1756]

May 4th The Partys Marchd Captn Hamilton was ordd to consult Pearsal & the Kirkendal for the proper place to fix his Company at below the Trough and Captn Minor to advise wt. Colo. Vanmeter & Captn Wagr for Fixg above see their Instns in my orderly book dated May the 4th.
Captn Dalton with his Volunteers and the rest of the Militia march’d with the Scoutg Partys of the Regt he had orders to Post the Militia after he hd finishd their Tower of duty and retd to Conogochief at any place where the generallity of the People in those parts but more especially Captn Swearing⟨ham⟩ wd choose as the most convenient for protectg the whole. & to return

to this place with his own Comy of Volunteers—see his orders of the 4th May—this day 10 of Minors & Hamiltons Men deserted fm them on their M⟨arch⟩.


Title: From George Washington to John Dalton, 4 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Dalton, John

To Captain John Dalton, of the Fairfax Volunteers. Sir,
[Winchester, 4 May 1756]

You are hereby ordered to join with the Volunteers and Militia under your command; the Detachment sent with Captain Woodward, to scour Back-Creek, &c. He is directed to proceed down the said creek, until he comes to Potomack River; and then to march to Conogochieg to get provisions. When you arrive there, you must consult with the Inhabitants the best place to post the Militia at, under command of Captain Russell; and proceed yourself to this place—Captain Swearingham can give you the best information concerning this matter. Given &c. at Winchester May 4th 1756.

G:W.


Title: From George Washington to Nicholas Minor, 4 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Minor, Nicholas

To Captain Nicholas Minor of the Fairfax Militia. Sir,
[Winchester, 4 May 1756]

You are hereby ordered to proceed with the Detachment under your command, as far as Colonel Henry Vanmeeters, on the South Branch; and when there to consult with him and Captain Waggener, on the properest place to fix your Head Quarters, for the protection of the Inhabitants of those waters. And you are to be careful in seeing that your company is provided with provisions, as the act of assembly shall direct.
You must not post your Company too near the men that are already stationed there; but endeavour to cover as much ground as possible; and to keep out constant scouting parties. Given at Winchester, May 4th 1756.

G:W.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Stewart, 4 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Stewart, Robert

To Captain Robert Stewart, at Conogochieg. Sir,
[Winchester, 4 May 1756]

You are to acquaint Captain Woodward, that it is my Orders that he Escort the provision-waggons from Conogochieg.
I expect they will be there on Saturday next: and you are to see that they are loaded with all possible dispatch. Given at Winchester, May 4th 1756.

G:W.


Title: To George Washington from William Fairfax, 4 May 1756
From: Fairfax, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
At Capt. Dansie’s 4. May 1756

Your Letter by Butler the Express was presented by the Governor & read in Council and immediately after Sent to the Ho. of Burgesses. A Vessel fraughted wth Gunpowder &c. has been already sent to Fredericksburg under Dr Walker’s Care for yr Direction, and another is Since orderd wth 500 Arms, half Barrls of Gun Powder of which I am to have for our County fifty small Arms & Powder &c. wanted. I hope early last Week the Militia of our County, P[rin]ce Wm & Culpeper &c. have joyned You. G. Fx Colo. Martin &c. Set off from Wmsburg last Fryday. Hoping the best I remain Dr Sr Yr affecte hle Servt

W: Fairfax

P.S. It would Surprize You to add, that Mr Attorney Genl talks of setting out wth Warner Lewis, Barnard Moore &c. proceed to march wth about Sixty Gentlemen &c. Associators to See You at Winchester by the 25th inst. at farthest.
What You may expect from such Voluntiers &c.


Title: From George Washington to Henry Woodward, 5 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Woodward, Henry

To Captain Henry Woodward. Commanding a Scouting party, now on Back-Creek.Sir,
[Winchester, 5 May 1756]

I was not a little surprized to hear of the misbehaviour of your party last night at Jesse Pugh’s—He has been with me this morning, and complained that they killed his Fowls, pulled down one of his Houses for firewood; turned the Horses into his meadow and corn; destroyed them and his Fences.
As I should imagine that your sense would direct you better, were it not absolutely contradicted by an express order, which I found it necessary to give last October, when you was present.
I can not credit the Report; but only send this in order that you may be particularly careful for the future: as you may depend I shall call you to account, for any irregularities that are committed by your party.
If they are guilty of such misbehaviour it entirely perverts the design they were sent upon; as they are intended to relieve, and not add to the distresses of the people.
I desire you will shew this to Captain Dalton; to let him know what complaints are made. I have sent orders to Captain Stewart to stop you at Conogochieg, until the Waggons arrive there for Provisions. I am &c.

G:W.
Winchester, May 5th 1756.


Title: Memorandum respecting the Militia, 6 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 6 May 1756]

May 6th: the Prince William Detachment consistg of ⟨8⟩ Officers and 121 private Men arriv’d here and abt an hour or two after them came Colo. Ewel.


Title: Orders, 6 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Falmouth.
Winchester: Thursday, May 6th 1756.


Title: Orders, 7 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Greenwich.
Winchester—Friday, May 7th 1756.

Three or four men that understand making cartridges, and are careful, to be put to that Duty immediately—An officer to see that no waste is made of the ammunition or paper, and that the men are Diligent.
James Colley enlisted by Captain Gist, being unfit for Service; and Richard Best and Thomas Livings, being judged uncapable of Service by the Surgeon, are all discharged. The first Subaltern for Duty to hold himself in readiness immediately to go to Edwards’s Fort, to relieve Ensign Hubbard, and to wait upon Colonel Washington for his orders.


Title: Memorandum respecting the Militia, 8 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Winchester, 8 May 1756]

May 8th The County Lieutt of Prince Wm Colo. Henry Lee arriv’d. this day we began to experience in a surpg degree the suparlative insolence of the prince Wm Detacht who made use of every mean’s to treat not only the Private Soldrs but the Officer’s of the Virga Regt ill and upon one of them being seasd and order’d to the guard House for abusg in the Most insolt manr & offg to ⟨illegible⟩ one of their Officers calld for a number of Men to rescue him & pulld down the House Swore the Officers of the Virginia Regt were all Scoundrels and that he coud drive the whole Corps before him the fright that he rec’d from one of them and his ackts next morng suffly attond for his imprudence.
In the Eveng of this day Captn Dalton with not only his Volunteer’s, but Captn Russel and his, with the remg few of the Militia came to Town.
Upon enquiring the Reason of this I was answerd that Captn Russel and his V[oluntee]rs had got tir’d and must needs go hom⟨e⟩ and that the Militia which were only 13 were too sml to Post at any Pass as I had orderd as indeed they were.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Stewart, 8 May 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Stewart, Robert

[Winchester, 8 May 1756]
To Captain Robert Stewart. at Maidstone.Sir,

I received yours by the Bearer—As neither Captain Bell nor Captain Gist, can make out regular pay-rolls for their men; a months pay will be sufficient at this time to give them. If any officer is in want of pay, and not indebted to the country for Recruiting—Let him receive out of the Balance in your hands: but let them all know, that it will appear a little dark on their side, if they should draw pay, and are owing the country: as I have orders to the contrary.
I do not know what you can do with your Sick; we have no Surgeon to spare: and to send medicines without a person to apply them, will be needless.
Out of the few Tents that are at this place, I will send two or three per the first opportunity[.] I would, were I in your place, make Captain Caton produce Lord Fairfax’s order, before I would give up the House.
If you are not apprehensive of the Enemys destroying the Flour at Stoddarts Fort in any short time, I would let it remain there; and send up a party to see that it is properly secured.

If you should send up for it, employ as few of the country people as possible; that the country may be at little expence.
You are directed to receive Captains Bell & Gists’ Recruits; and to be very circumspect in your choice; as I would not receive any but very likely fellows at this time.
I must desire you will put your Works at Maidstone, in as good a posture of Defence as possible. To do which, borrow or hire Tools of the Country-people; for there are none of any kind at this place.
So soon as this reaches you, hurry off what Waggons are at the Stores, loaded with Flour, under a proper Escort. And Captain Woodward will wait until Monday, to see if more do not arrive.
Until I know what fixed Resolves the Assembly have come to, about raising and appointing their Troops; I can not confirm Mr Campbell, or order any other to the Troop of Horse.
It would look very partial to give Mr Duncanson the highest post of Honor, who is not yet an Officer; preferable to those who have served sometime as Ensigns. I am, &c. Yours.

G:W.
May 8th 1756.