Title: George Washington to James Geary, 22 July 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Geary, James

[West Point] July 22, 1779. Instructs Geary to supply troops with clothing.


Title: George Washington to the Board of General Officers, 24 July 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Board of General Officers

West Point, July 24, 1779. Sends Lieutenant Colonel Robert Hanson Harrison with “the papers relating to the arrangement of the Massachusetts line.”


Title: George Washington to John Jay, 24 July 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

West Point, July 24, 1779. Describes British movements on North River.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Major General Nathanael Greene, [25 July 1779]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Greene, Nathanael

[West Point, July 25, 1779]
Points submitted to the consideration of the Council—

Our force stated at
10.300

The enemys at
12.000

—At stoney Point—1300
  Verplanks— 700 2000—

Main body at Philips &c—
Questions—What general dispisition of our army should be made—Whether any and what Offensive movements can be undertaken against the enemy at the present juncture?—
Whether the muster Masters department is necessary?
Whether they ought to [be] allowed what they claim?
What new regulations may be necessary?
What is to be done in consequence of Morgan’s complaint against Shippen referred to the General by Congress? Is he to be arrested immedeately or not? Can he be tried immediately or not?
AH
The bearer brings a Fiddle for Claybourne


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Jay, 25 July 1779
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Jay, John

West Point July 25th. 1779
Dr. Sir,
Col Fleury is just setting out for Philadelphia to make some arrangements with the Minister which will probably terminate in his departure from this country. He brings you a very handsome letter from the General to Congress which however he will not deliver ’till he is finally determined to go. This letter you will perceive, from the moderation and caution with which the General usually expresses himself, means a good deal and is a more flattering testimony of Fleury’s merit than any foreigner who has yet left this country has received. From motives of private friend ship and the value I set upon him both for the qualities of his head and heart, in which very few are his equals, I take the liberty to recommend him to your good offices, from a conviction that you always take pleasure in advancing the interests of real merit. The truth is, he has an expectation of obtaining the Secretaryship of the next embassy to this country; a place which will give him a fairer prospect of advancement in his own than any other he could aspire to. I wish him success on every account. I wish him success because he deserves it, because he has talents that qualify him for the most important trusts and because his system of politics and his interest, from the part he has taken in our contest, make him such a person as we ought to wish to possess influence in the affairs of France and in the councils of the man entrusted with the management of her concerns in America. His success in this project will partly depend on the character he carries hence and on the marks of approbation which Congress may bestow upon him; these it were to be wished may be ample though not exaggerated.
If the opinion you entertain of Col Fleury’s character corresponds with mine, and you conceive the same political utility may be derived from his obtaining his wishes you may possibly have it in your power to promote them with the Minister without stepping aside from the line of propriety. It is said too a new minister is going from Congress to the Court of France and it is surmised the choice will fall upon you. If this should be the case, a man of Fleury’s abilities and knowledge of the two languages may be very useful to you on your first arrival. I believe you may employ him as a man of honor; but as a citizen of a different state and of one that may in the vicissitude of political contingencies have different interests, prudence dictates that he should be trusted with caution; and that nothing should be confided to him which we are not willing the French Cabinet should know.
I have the honor to be With the greatest esteem & regard   Dr. Sir Your most Obed serv
Alex Hamilton
Fleury does not know the precise contents of this letter. I have only told him in general that it is in his favour. You may therefore say as much or as little as you please to him about it.


Title: George Washington to John Jay, 25 July 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

[West Point] July 25, 1779. States that the Marquis de Fleury wishes to return to France. Hopes that Congress will grant Fleury’s request for a furlough.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Brigadier General Henry Knox, [25 July 1779]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Knox, Henry

[West Point, July 25, 1779]
D Sir
The General is anxious to receive you observations on the letter sent you yesterday from General Gates so soon as possible, that he may dispatch an express waiting for an answer.
Yr. Most Obed ser
Alex Hamilton   Aide De Camp
July 25th. 79
General Knox


Title: George Washington to the Board of War, 25 July 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

West Point, July 25, 1779. Discusses the Board’s plan for repairing shoes.


Title: George Washington to Conrad Alexandre Gérard, 25 July 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Gérard, Alexandre

West Point, July 25, 1779. Commends Marquis de Fleury’s character and conduct.


Title: George Washington to Major Henry Lee, 25 July 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Henry

West Point, July 25, 1779. Asks for details of the “supposed embarkation,” and for information about situation at Stony Point and other British encampments.


Title: George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel David Mason, 25 July 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Mason, David

West Point, July 25, 1779. Discusses the rations of Springfield artificers. Authorizes courts-martial to tighten discipline.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Major General William Heath, [26 July 1779]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Heath, William

[West Point, July 26, 1779.] Requests Heath to attend “a Council to be held at Head Quarters this afternoon.”


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Jay, [26 July 1779]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Jay, John

[West Point, July 26, 1779. On September 18, 1779, Jay wrote to Hamilton: “Your favors of the 25, 26, & 30 July & 12 Inst have thus long remained unanswered.” Letter of July 26 not found.]


Title: George Washington to the Council of General Officers, 26 July 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Council of General Officers

[West Point] July 26, 1779. Requests advice about “Muster Masters department.” Asks whether Dr. William Shippen should be arrested.


Title: George Washington to Brigadier General Louis Le Bèque Du Portail, 27 July 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Du Portail, Louis Le Bèque

West Point, July 27, 1779. Discusses appointment of officers in Company of Sappers and Miners.


Title: George Washington to Major General William Alexander, Lord Stirling, 28 July 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (née William Alexander)

West Point, July 28, 1779. Reports that British have not embarked “in the North River.” Order Stirling to be ready to move immediately and to keep surrounding area well “explored.”


Title: George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 28 July 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

[West Point] July 28, 1779. Orders Howe to Ridgefield, Connecticut, to “cover the country and prevent as far as possible the depredations of the enemy.”


Title: George Washington to Volkert Pieterse Douw, 29 July 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Douw, Volkert P.

West Point, July 29, 1779. Discusses exchange of Onondaga prisoners.


Title: George Washington to John Jay, 29 July 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

West Point, July 29, 1779. Reports that the news of the embarkation of the British was false. Asks if powder can be obtained from Massachusetts or Connecticut.


Title: George Washington to Colonel James Livingston, 29 July 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, James

West Point, July 29, 1779. Discusses cause of uneasiness among Livingston’s troops.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Jay, 30 July 1779
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Jay, John

[West Point, July 30, 1779. On September 18, 1779, Jay wrote to Hamilton: “Your favors of the 25, 26, & 30 July & 12 Inst have thus long remained unanswered.” Letter of July 30 not found.]


Title: George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Robert Ballard, 30 July 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Ballard, Robert

West Point, July 30, 1779. Accepts Ballard’s resignation.


Title: George Washington to Colonel Christopher Greene, 30 July 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Christopher

West Point, July 30, 1779. Answers questions concerning arrangement of Greene’s regiment and provisions made for Captain Thomas Arnold.


Title: George Washington to Major General William Heath, 30 July 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

[West Point] July 30, 1779. Sends instructions for a road fortification.


Title: George Washington to Major General Benjamin Lincoln, 30 July 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Lincoln, Benjamin

West Point, July 30, 1779. Regrets that Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens was wounded. Discusses lack of men. Regrets not being able to send troops to the South. Sends news of Stony Point, the arrival of Charles, Earl Cornwallis, and rumors from the South.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, [31 July 1779]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Wayne, Anthony

[West Point, July 31, 1779]
Dr. Sir,
I am directed by the General to inform you, that he has received information, that the enemy are in the Jerseys in force. This will probably give us something to do. We have no particulars.
Your most Obedt servant
A Hamilton A D C
Hd. Qrs. July 31st


Title: George Washington to Colonel Ann Hawkes Hay, 2 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Hay, Ann Hawkes

West Point, August 2, 1779. Regrets that requested clothing cannot be sent to Hay.


Title: George Washington to Major General William Alexander, Lord Stirling, 3 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (née William Alexander)

West Point, August 3, 1779. Asks Sterling to continue to inspect roads. Relays rumor the French fleet may be near coast. Approves of steps taken by Stirling for forage.


Title: George Washington to Brigadier General James Clinton, 3 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, James

West Point, August 3, 1779. Encloses a duplicate of a letter to Major General John Sullivan.


Title: George Washington to Jeremiah Powell and the Massachusetts Council, 3 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Powell, Jeremiah,Massachusetts Council

[West Point] August 3, 1779. Reports sailing of British ships of war.


Title: George Washington to Colonel Goose Van Schaick, 3 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Van Schaick, Goose

West Point, August 3, 1779. Acknowledges receipt of the news of capture of Lieutenant William Scudder. Questions validity of intelligence received from Canada.


Title: George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 4 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

West Point, August 4, 1779. Congratulates Sullivan on overcoming difficulties and wishes him success on expedition against Indians.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Lieutenant Colonel John Brooks, 6 August 1779
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Brooks, John

West Point Augt. 6th. 1779
Dear Sir,
I inclose you the copy of a letter which I received by the last post from Mr. Dana. You will perceive, he says, he does not recollect or imagine that he threw out the observation mentioned by you respecting the probability of my having made the declaration with which I am charged; but believes it was used by some other person in company and that you had unintentionally blended the conversation. As I am anxious to have this affair developped in all its circumstances in a clear and unequivocal manner; I request you will do me the favour to inform me whether your memory in this particular is distinct and positive or whether it is probable you may have committed the mistake which Mr. Dana supposes. In the last case I shall be obliged to you to endeavour to recollect the real author of the insinuation. Any other remarks which Mr Dana’s state[ment] of the matter may appear to you to require will add to the obligation you have already conferred on Sir
Your most Obed hum   servant
A Hamilton
P. S. I shall thank you for your answer tomorrow that I may have time to take the necessary measures before the next post sets out.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Colonel John Lamb, [6 August 1779]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Lamb, John

[West Point, August 6, 1779]
Dr. Sir,
The General had just mounted his horse when your note arrived and did not see it. But if he had seen it, I do not believe he would have consented to the attendance of Lt Col Stevens. ’Tis his plan, that as some of the parties are at a distance and cannot appear in person to support their claims, the affair should be taken up intirely from the written representations and documents of all concerned; and as an auxiliary to this General Knox who is at the head of the corps and supposed to be the best acquainted with facts is desired to attend the Board to give information respecting them. I think you will see the equity of this mode of proceeding and the consequences that would be drawn from your Lt Colonel being permitted to attend.
I am with great regard   Dr Sir Your friend & servant
Hd. Qrs. Augt 6h. 1779
Alex Hamilton


Title: George Washington to the Board of General Officers on the Arrangement of the Artillery, 6 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Board of General Officers

West Point, August 6, 1779. Describes business to be considered by the board.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Lieutenant Colonel John Brooks, 8 August 1779
From: Brooks, John
To: Hamilton, Alexander

West Point, August 8, 1779.
Dear Sir:
I received yours of the 6th instant, enclosing one from Mr. Dana, yesterday, but was unable, on account of duty, to answer it till to-day. In compliance with your request, I must inform you, that my recollection of the whole affair in question, is clear and full. Mr. Dana, as I observed in my other letter, was declaring that there were dangerous, designing men in the army; and after he had related what was said to have passed in the coffee house at Philadelphia, he not only subjoined what he mentions in his letter, but previously declared he believed it to be true. He then added what he excepts against in my letter.
That I expressed what he said, verbatim, I do not pretend; but the ideas are the same. I rather represented the matter favourably on Mr. Dana’s side than otherwise. The words desperate fortune, which I omitted in my other letter, were, more than once, applied to you.
Mr. Dana might have saved himself the trouble of supposing I had “unintentionally blended conversation had at different times,” if he had but recollected, that the time referred to, was the only one that I ever conversed with him upon the subject.
I am so far from agreeing with him, in supposing that I imputed to him what was in part said by others, that I positively declare Mr. Dana to be the only person who made an unfavourable representation of your character. He cannot have forgot his holding up you, and persons of the same stamp, as dangerous, and pressing upon the officers to watch and guard against such. He cannot deny saying, the plan in which you were engaged, would be fatal to the liberties of this country—that it was a plan pleasing to the Tories, in which they would readily engage.
As there was a possibility of my memory’s failing me, I have inquired of Colonels Marshall and Wesson, who were present, and are as full and positive upon every circumstance as I am. I do not wonder at your being anxious to have the matter developed. I wish it, too. And should this contribute in any degree to the end proposed, it will be an additional happiness too, Sir,
Your most ob’t. serv’t.,
J. Brooks.
Colonel Hamilton


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Francis Dana, 10 August 1779
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Dana, Francis

West Point, August 10, 1779.
Sir:
The last post brought me your letter of the 25th of July, which I transmitted to Colonel Brooks, accompanied by some inquiries that appeared to me necessary. A copy of my letter to him, and of his answer, are enclosed. You will see that he insists positively on your having made the offensive observation before imputed to you; adds several aggravating particulars to his first relation; and appeals to two other gentlemen who were present, and agree with him in all the circumstances. The affair now stands on such a footing, that nothing less than a peremptory denial of the exceptionable facts alleged by Colonel Brooks, will permit me to act otherwise than on the presumption of their reality. I have written to Doctor ****** by this opportunity.
I have the honour to be,   Sir, your most ob’t. servant,
A. Hamilton
Francis Dana, Esq.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Gordon, 10 August 1779
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Gordon, William

West Point Aug 10th. 1779
Sir.
You will find by the inclosed copy of a letter of the 25th. of July from Mr. Dana, that he mentions you as his author for a charge of a very singular nature, that has been brought against me, relative to a declaration which I am said to have made in the public coffee house at Philadelphia. Conscious that this charge is totally destitute of foundation, I owe it to myself to investigate its source and evince its falsehood; and as I cannot but believe, that you have too great a regard to the interests of truth and justice to withold your aid in detecting the inventor of a calumny, I persuade myself and will chearfully disclose the authority on which your information to Mr. Dana was founded. This I now call for, and you will no doubt consider it a duty as well to yourself as to me, to give an immediate, direct and explicit answer; sensible that the least hesitation or reserve may give room for conjectures which it can be neither your wish nor mine to excite. Col Henly will do me the favour to receive and forward your letter.
I am with due respect Sir Your most Obedient humble servant


Title: George Washington to John Jay, 15 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

West Point, August 15, 1779. Writes “that every thing in my power has been done to give success to the Western expedition.” States that “in the appeal which Genl. Sullivan has made to Congress that he has mistated several particulars of importance, and that in providing for his own justification in case of misfortune, he has left the matter upon such a footing as to place me in a delicate situation.”


Title: George Washington to John Jay, 16 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

West Point, August 16, 1779. States that England’s rejection of the Spanish offer of mediation “is more strongly tinctured with insanity than any thing she has done in the course of the contest, unless she be sure of very powerful aid from some of the Northern states.” Encloses a letter from Brigadier General Anthony Wayne concerning some of Wayne’s officers.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Major General Nathanael Greene, [17 August 1779]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Greene, Nathanael

[West Point, August 17, 1779]
Sir,
Lt. Whitehead undertakes to go tomorrow morning early with some important dispatches for The General to Philadelphia. You will be pleased to have him furnished with a good horse saddle & Bridle for this purpose.
A Hamilton   Aide De Camp
Hd. Qrs.   Aug 17th. 79
To The Quarter Master General


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Marquis de Fleury, 18 August 1779
From: Fleury, Marquis de
To: Hamilton, Alexander

L. infantery Camp [near West Point] 18th. August. 79
Dr. Colo.
Ye officers of the two 1st Batellons of L. infantery which I actually Comand, have applied to me, for ceasing to Run over those Craggy Montains barefooted, & beg that I would write to head quarters, to have an order from his excellency to get one pare shoes for each. the shoes they hint to are at N. windsor & their intention is to pay for. Do not be so greedy for shoes as for my blanket, & think that the most urging necessity has determined their application: they’re quite barefooted.
I am very Respectfully sir   Your Most obedient servant
L. Fleury

N.B. as his excellency Could form a very advantageous idea of ⟨our being in shoes⟩ by the appearance of the officers who dined to day at head quarters, & were not quite without, I beg you would observe to him if necessary, that each company had furnished a shoe for their dressing.
Camp. L. infantery. 19. August 1779
si vous savez un mot de Mr. de la luzerne Dites le moi.


Title: George Washington to John Beatty, 19 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Beatty, John

West Point, August 19, 1779. Again sends detailed instructions for exchange of prisoners.


Title: George Washington to Brigadier General Henry Knox, 20 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Knox, Henry

West Point, August 20, 1779. Instructs Knox to prepare a sufficient number of cannon ball and to write Board of War for powder.


Title: George Washington to Henry Laurens, Joseph Spencer, and Nathaniel Scudder, 20 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Laurens, Henry,Spencer, Joseph,Scudder, Nathaniel

West Point, August 20, 1779. Suggests combining duties of muster department with those of inspectorship.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Colonel Charles Armand, 21 August 1779
From: Armand, Charles
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[Kingsbridge, New York] this 21st day of august 1779
Monsieur,
Je suis arrivé hier au soir d’aupres de kingbridge; le gnl. howe desirant avoir des nouvelles sures de l’ennemy je me suis trouvé obligé de faire unne tres longue marche, par ces raisons je n’ai reçu vôttre lettre que ce matin et je m’empresse d’y repondre.
Mr. de wanderburgh consent dites vous que le jugement de la Court martialle soit fait sur le rapport de la Cour d’enquiery. Vous me faittes l’amitié de me demander si je suis dans le même sentiment. Jusqu’a cet instant les termes me paroissent asséz egaux exception faitte cependant que j’ai l’humilliation de me voir continuellement aux vollontés du sieur wanderburgh; que je n’estime pas du tout. Mais cette cour martialle m’oblige a unne condition qui dans la minute me fait voir en publique comme l’esclave de Mr. de wanderberg. Cette condition est que pendant les procedés de la cour, je dois me considerer comme aux arrêts et par consequent ne pas continuer de commander mon corps, tandis que le sieur de wanderberg a la permission de faire l’homme de consequence et semble me punir comme il lui plait. De cette instance qui lorsceque mon corps n’ettoit pas devant l’ennemy ne pouvoit qu’êttre desagreable mais, qui dans le moment tend a me deshonorer, je me trouve obligé d’attendre des ordres precis de son excellence pour laisser mon Commendement car il n’a jamais etté d’usage dans aucunnes armée du monde, que la querelle d’un officier respectable avec un polisson comme mr. de wanderburgh enleva le commendement du premier sans scavoir le quel des deux a raison. Cependant en attendant unne decision je resterai a un poste moins avancé. Voici mon vray sentiment sur cette histoire et je le dirai tout aussi aisement en publique que dans cet instant je le confie a vôttre amitié.
1. Mr. de wanderburg est un pollisson, non pas parceque mr. son fils qui en est un auttre m’a insulté, mais parceque il soutient l’insulte de son fils comme si il avoit fait unne tres belle action.
2. Je suis francois, on les hait, l’on aime a les pendre dans ce pays ici, a l’exception de deux ou trois, que la politique souvent injuste ou aveugle en pareil Cas a ellevés pour avoir le droit d’humillier les auttres. Plus nous servons, mieux nous servons, et plus cruels sont les procedés d’un peuple trop jeune encore pour se servir avec adresse du masque politique nécéssaire pour cacher sa haine naturelle. Trop d’exemples jusqu’a ce jour, ont ettés de malheureux presages de ce que nous devons ésperer a l’avenir. Vous scavés vous même mon ami, ces choses-la aussi bien que moi. Vous scavés tres bien que Contre l’usage de toutes les nations a droit égal l’étranger est condamné dans celle-ci. Ceci est la plus grande faveur qui lui soit faitte: comme moi—je m’attends a la moindre, je vous previens que je ne puis laisser un instant le Commendement de ma troupe, qu’en quittant vôttre service.
Je ne me mêle plus en rien de l’affaire de Mr. de wanderburgh, qu’il fasse ce qu’il poura, ce qu’il voudra; c’est un êttre que je meprise beaucoup trop pour me mettre sur un pied d’egallité avec lui dans quelque temps et circonstances que ce soit.
Si unne cour martialle me casse, je serai cassé; si elle me blame je serai blamé; mais sans êttre ni cassable, ni blamable.
Du reste les bontés dont son Exellence m’a honoré, le respect dont je suis penetré pour lui, et le plaisir d’avoir acquis en vous un ami veritable, me seront toujours un Excuse honorable d’avoir sejourné aussi longtemps dans un pays dont le premier principe est la haine qu’il porte au mien.
J’attend avec impatiance la fin de cette histoire et me soumet aux ordres, desirs, jugement de son exellence le gnl.
Je suis tres faché que le gnl. howe puisse immaginer que j’ aye meritté que l’on m’otat mon commandement lorsceque je suis devant l’ennemy. J’ai des preuves comme quoi lui-même ne le desire pas.
Mon infanterie s’est comporté avec beaucoup de bravouere il y a deux jours; la cavallery n’avoit pas occasion de donner. Les toris font beaucoup de ravages ici, hier ils ont enlevé un de mes hommes avec le cheval du capt. berth, j’ai arreté l’homme ches lequel le coup s’est fait, qui y ettoit present et qui non seulement l’a laissé faire mais n’est pas venu nous avertir. C’est un toris de reputation.
J’ai l’honneur d’êttre avec l’attachement et la consideration la plus sincere
Mon cher Colonel vottre tres obeissant serviteur
Armand.
Je vous prie de me renvoyer cette lettre, et celle du gnl. Sullivan que vous avés depuis longtemps.
Vous ne dirés pas que ceci soit vivacité sans Consideration, car vous scavés vous meme que ce wanderburgh m’a caussé assé de trouble et que ce qu’il y a de plus plaisant est que il en a tiré le droit d’unne insulte que son fils m’avoit fait. D’appres cet exemple, il ne depend donc plus que du premier venu d’otter le commendement de quelque officier que ce soit.
Prenés guarde, mon cher Cnl. que dans le tableau general que je vous fais des sentiments de vôttre nation pour la mienne je ne comprends pas les gens bien nés et de bonne education, ceux qui scavent que le droit d’un homme est le droit de touts, sans consideration pour le pays dont il est, adieu—
As perhaps it is necessary that I give my consent in english, for be trayed without a new examination of the witness, and upon the proceedings of the Court of enquiry, this is to certify that I give my consent and approbation, to every things that you Cnl. hamilton shall consent to in my name and shall do, in the same.
Armand.


Title: George Washington to Major Henry Lee, 23 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Henry

[West Point] August 23, 1779. Congratulates Lee on his success at Powles Hook.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Clinton, 24 August 1779
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Clinton, George

[West Point] Aug 24th. 79
Dr Sir
The bearer of this is an old woman and of course the most troublesome animal in the world. She wants to go into New York. It was in vain we told her no inhabitant could be permitted by us to go within the enemy’s lines without permission from the civil power. Old and decrepid as she is, she made the tour of the family and tried her blandishments upon each. I assured her Governor Clinton could have no possible motive for detaining her within his territories and would readily give his consent to her emigration. But nothing would satisfy her except a line from General Washington to the Governor. As she showed a disposition to remain with us ’till she carried her point, with true female perseverance—as we are rather straitened in our quarters, and not one of the Gentlemen of the family would agree to share his bed with her—And as you must at all events have the favour of a visit from her—I at last promised her a letter to you, the direct and sole end of which is to get rid of her. I dare say, your Excellency will think you make a very good bargain for the state, by getting rid of her also in the manner she wishes. She seems too to be in distress and have a claim upon our compassion.
I have the honor   to be with the truest respect   and affection   Yr. most Obed   servant
Alex Hamilton
You will probably have heard of the surprise of Powlus Hook on the night of the 18th. by Major Lee. He took 158 prisone[r]s killed & wounded about 50. His loss not more than ten or twelve.
We have just received a letter from Sullivan from Tioga dated the 15th. He tells us that hearing a body of the enemy was assembling at Chemung he moved to attack them on the night of the 12th and arrived early next morning, when he found the place evacuated. He destroyed the whole settlement, village Corn fields &c. He afterwards detached General Hand with his light troops in persuit but could not overtake the enemy. Hand’s advanced guard was attacked by a small lurking party and had a few men killed & wounded. The troops returned to Tioga where they wait the coming of General Clinton.


Title: George Washington to Major General Nathanael Greene, 24 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

West Point, August 24, 1779. Authorizes Greene to impress teams when necessary.


Title: George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 24 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

West Point, August 24, 1779. Discusses command of militia at Horseneck. Sends advice concerning Howe’s proposed raid.


Title: George Washington to the Officer Commanding the Militia at Horseneck, 24 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Officer Commanding the Militia at Horseneck

West Point, August 24, 1779. Orders cooperation with Major General Robert Howe.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Francis Dana, 25 August 1779
From: Dana, Francis
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Boston, August 25, 1779.
Sir:
I received your letter of the 10th instant, last Sunday evening, at Cambridge, by the hand of Colonel Henley, enclosing a copy of your letter of the 6th, to Lieutenant-Colonel Brooks, and his answer to the same. I should have earlier acknowledged the receipt of them, but I thought proper to accompany such acknowledgement with such evidence as I could collect from one of the company present with Colonels Marshall, Wesson, and Brooks, at the time the conversation alluded to was had. For, till the receipt of your last, I had not communicated the subject of our correspondence to any one, except to Doctor ******, being unwilling to name him as my author, before I had seen him, and obtained his consent, which he readily gave. The account given you in my first letter, was from my own memory, which I have not yet seen cause to believe hath failed me.
Your several letters, together with all their enclosures, and also my letter of the 25th ultimo, in answer, I have shown to General Ward, who has a good recollection of the conversation in question, and concurs with me in the representation I have made of it; and particularly remembers that what you distinguish as “the offensive observation,” was not made by me; but that one in nearly similar terms was made by another gentleman in company. I have little doubt, but it is in my power to produce further evidence of the same sort from one other gentleman, who is now at a considerable distance from hence; and as soon as it can conveniently be done, I shall endeavour to obtain it, if it be only to balance this dispute in point of numbers at least. At present there are three to two: perhaps I may be able to throw the balance on the other side. I must be excused taking notice of any new matter thrown out by Colonel Brooks in his last letter, for the present.
I am, Sir, &c.,
Fra. Dana.
P.S. Perhaps it may occur to Colonel Brooks, upon recollection, that we had some conversation respecting the army and some characters in it, on our passage over Charles’ river, from Boston to Charlestown, which was occasioned by a report, that two regiments in Glover’s brigade, at Rhode Island, had thrown down their arms and disbanded themselves; and somebody’s saying “that the army would, by and by, turn their arms upon the country, and do themselves justice.” If he should recollect this, he will, at the same time, recollect that Colonels Marshall and Wesson were not present.
N.B. Mr. Dana has shown me the whole correspondence between Colonel Hamilton and himself, respecting a certain conversation mentioned in it, at which I was present: and I do concur with him in the representation he has made of it; particularly that he did not make the observation respecting Colonel Hamilton, now in question; but that that, or one nearly in like terms, was made by another gentleman then present.

Artemas Ward.
Col. Alex. Hamilton.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Gordon, 25 August 1779
From: Gordon, William
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Jamaica Plain [Massachusetts] Aut. 25. 1779
Sir
Upon my return home from a visit on the monday evening I received yours without a date.
However common the principle may be, on which you urge me. to an immediate direct & explicit answer, as tho’ the least hesitation or reserve might give room for conjectures, which it can be neither your wish nor mine to excite—it is certainly a false one.
In many cases a gentleman may receive information from persons of indisputable character, which it may be highly proper for him to communicate, without discovering the informer; & I am convinced you will think with me, when you have been more conversant with the world, & read mankind more. Neither will such gentleman, who conscious of his own integrity, & of established character regard the conjectures of those who are almost or altogether strangers to him.
I do not mean by advancing these sentiments to refuse you my aid in detecting the inventor of a calumny.
Mr Dana mentions his having the declaration alluded to in his letter from me. He communicated to me Col Brooks’s letter to you & yours to himself, & the substance of what he intended to write. I objected to nothing regarding myself, excepting its being said public coffee house, in which I supposed him mistaken. I understood it was a public house, but rather thought it was not the coffee house. That excepted, & the sentiment was as he hath represented, whether the words were identically the same or not. I am glad to find by what you have wrote, that you have lost all remembrance of it; as it serves to shew, that it was the effect of a sudden transport, & not of a depraved judgment. You will infer from hence, that I suppose the sentiment to have been spoken. I do: upon the belief that my informer was a person of veracity, [and] could not be mistaken. The reasons are these—his general character, & his declaring that it was uttered in his hearing. I saw him in his way from Philadelphia. He left the city sometime after the inhabitants had been inflamed & divided by Mr Dean’s imprudent address—in which he promised us great discoveries, tho’ he hath made none; & by which he raised a jealousy of Congress, & put many upon clamouring against them. In this crisis, & I conjecture thro’ conversation leading to it, you was betrayed into a speech tantamount to the representation made me. You was not the only one that spake unguardedly at this season. Persons of equal or even superior rank are known to have done it; & many in the military department having been sour’d by the hardships they had undergone, & an apprehended neglect of their grievances & on the part of Congress backwardness to redress them, seemingly took a part with Mr Dean: & the unguarded expressions that fell from them then & afterwards proved alarming to weak but good minds. I was much hurt in my own feelings, because of the wrong, I am convinced, it led some to do his Excellency, in fearing that such sentiments were dropt in his presence, without meeting with a proper check.
My informer told me, that he took notice to you of the accountableness of such like expressions, with which you was rather displeased; but that he insisted further upon it, & that there it ended. I should infer from the representation given me that there were others in company. I have not mentioned his name; but if you cannot possibly recollect, having said anything like what he reported, continue to view it as a calumny, & insist upon knowing him, I do not imagine he would object to it; but whether he doth or not, shall mention him upon your assuring me upon your honour, that you will neither give nor accept, cause to be given nor accepted a challenge upon the occasion, nor engage in any rencounter that may produce a duel—for tho’ duels do not in general produce more than the honorable settlement of a dispute, yet they may be the unhappy cause of the public’s losing good & useful members; & upon the principles of religion I am totally averse to them. You must further assure me that you will admit of the matter’s being thoroughly examined into by Congress, or individuals of the first character.
The oversights of individuals too often raise prejudices against a whole body. It is common, & yet commonly condemned. I am convinced, that notwithstanding the natural tendency of martial manners, there are as good citizens in the military line as out of it; & I hope that the event will ever shew, that by far the majority of our officers love the liberties of citizens more than any earthly command whatsoever.
I as earnestly wish, that the citizens of the United States may do justice to the army, & their own engagements by keeping up to the spirit of them, wherein it is possible, that so our brave ⟨troops⟩ may not have any just cause of complaint, when affairs are brought to a settlement.
Sir your most obedient   humble servant
William Gordon


Title: George Washington to Sir Henry Clinton, 25 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, Henry

West Point, August 25, 1779. Criticizes Lieutenant Colonel Ludwig Wurmb’s treatment of Captain Abner Haywood, who had been sent with a flag to the British lines.


Title: Circular to the States by George Washington, 26 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

[West Point] August 26, 1779. Asks governors to cooperate in returning prisoners who have broken their paroles.


Title: George Washington to the Board of War, 27 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

West Point, August 27, 1779. Proposes that powder be obtained through loans from the states.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to James Duane, 28 August 1779
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Duane, James

[West Point] Aug 28th. 1779.
Dear Sir
I with pleasure snatch a moment agreeable to your request to inform you of the events which have taken place since you left us. A York paper of the 24th announces the arrival of the Russell of 74, which parted three days before from Arbuthnot’s fleet, which was of course momently expected. Subsequent intelligence gives us the arrival of the whole fleet. This comes through different channels, & is believed; but we have no particulars. Wayne is still safe.
Northern news says that Sir George Collier having appeared in Penobscot River put our grand fleet to the rout. They were run ashore, abandonned, & burnt—the troops and seamen safe. Col Jackson’s Regiment, which had been sent as a reinforcement, landed at Portsmouth. This account comes in a letter from Genl Gates to Col. Hay. To counterbalance the bad in a degree, he tells me three of our Continental frigates were arrived at Boston with six sail out of ten of the Jamaica fleet which had fallen into their hands, containing 5000 Hhds of Rum & sugar.
I have the honor to be,   Very faithfully & Affecty   Yr most Obedt. Servt.
A. Hamilton
Augt 29. 1779.
Hon Mr Duane


Title: George Washington to Major General William Alexander, Lord Stirling, 28 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (née William Alexander)

West Point, August 28, 1779. Justifies having given Major Henry Lee the command of the troops in Powles Hook attack.


Title: George Washington to Brigadier Generals William Woodford and Peter Muhlenberg, 28 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Woodford, William,Muhlenberg, Peter

[West Point] August 28, 1779. Justifies Major Henry Lee’s appointment to command of troops that attacked Powles Hook.


Title: George Washington to Major General William Alexander, Lord Stirling, 28–29 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (née William Alexander)

[West Point] August 28–29, 1779. Sends marching orders for Stirling. Reports severance of relations between Spain and England.


Title: George Washington to John Jay, 29 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

West Point, August 29, 1779. Reports British-Spanish rupture.


Title: George Washington to Colonel Theodorick Bland, 31 August 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Bland, Theodorick

West Point, August 31, 1779. States that Congress has refused Major General William Phillips permission to send two officers to Canada.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from David Henley, 1 September 1779
From: Henley, David
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Boston, 1st September, 1779.
Dear Sir:
The enclosed is Mr. Dana’s letter in answer to your last. The long detention of this, is occasioned for this gentleman to procure and support any evidence in favour of himself, to confute some part of Colonel Brooks’ charge.
I do think, upon examination, you will find Doctor ****** the cause of this mischievous and false report. The other day he was proved a liar in the public street; and had it not been for his cloth, I am sure would have been most severely dealt with. He more than once has occasioned quarrels by his conduct. I congratulate you upon the success of Powles Hook. Major Lee has given proof of his bravery and enterprise, as likewise upon the arrival of eight fine Jamaica ships, with five to six hundred hogsheads of rum and sugar. But to counterbalance these clever acquisitions, Penobscot is a most shameful instance of want of counsel, wisdom, and exertion. We have lost near twenty sail of our best vessels of war, besides a number of others—the army and the continent will feel this blow, for the difference is great in losing them; as, on the contrary, had they been to sea on their cruizes, it is more than probable, a vast number of prizes would have made their appearance into our ports. However, we are endeavouring, fast as possible, to replace them, and near as many ships are now set up at the different ship yards.
Please to make my respectful compliments to the General and the family, and believe me, with sincere regard, dear Sir, Your humble servant,
David Henley
Alex. Hamilton, Esq.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, [1 September 1779]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Wayne, Anthony

[West Point, September 1, 1779]
Dr. Sir,
Through absolute forgetfulness, a very bad excuse for any other than such a distrait as I am, I lost the pleasure of dining with you yesterday agreeable to my wish and promise. I made my apology to Major Fishbourne and told him I should invite myself to dine with you today. Probably He has told you this and your too great politeness may influence you to break an engagement which I this moment learn you were under to General Irvin. As it would be unfair he should be punished for my crime, I lose no time in sending my servant with this note, to request you will not let me interfere with your appointment with General Irvin, as any other day will be equally convenient to me, if you will permit me to dispense with ceremony. If any other cause should detain you at home, the return of my servant will determine me to continue my intention of waiting upon you. I believe McHenry & Washington will be of the party. But I stipulate with you that your staying at home, shall be de bonne foy owing to some other cause than the expectation of our visit.
I am very affectionately   Yr. Obed servant

Alex HamiltonSepr. 1st 79


Title: George Washington to Major General Nathanael Greene, 3 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

West Point, September 3, 1779. Explains why Greene, as quartermaster general, is not entitled to a military command in the line. Commends Greene for his service and conduct.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from James Duane, 4 September 1779
From: Duane, James
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Kingston [New York] 4 Septr. 1779
Dear Sir
I have spent some days at this place with our Legislature and have been happy in finding their Zeal for the Common Cause undiminished. Every thing which can be asked for the Army they will most cheerfully grant & Col. Wadsworth is gone away perfectly satisfied. It is a circumstance to their honor that amidst all their wants & distresses Flour & Carriage have been supplied at 25 per cent. less than in any part of the Continent & that by a Law of the State: If it had produced the Effect to be expected from so spirited an Example it must have had a powerful Influence on our money: but it is to be lamented that we stand single & that our Citizens are impoverished by a sacrifice of a fourth of their produce & Labour to little purpose.
Be kind enough to forward the enclosed to L Col. Washington; & to present my respectful Compliments to his Excellency the Comr in Chief & the Family: & believe me to be—with real Esteem & affection,   Dear Col.   Your most Obed Sevt
Jas. Duane
Col Hamilton
I Need not repeat in ⟨telling⟩ you how very ⟨agreeable⟩ the news will prove in my Retirement at the Manor of Livingston: especialy the progress of genl Sullivan: as I have the Enterprize very near my Heart.


Title: George Washington to Major René-Hippolyte Penot Lombard de Noirmont (de la Neuville), 4 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: La Neuville, Louis-Pierre Penot Lombart, chevalier de

[West Point] September 4, 1779. Explains purpose of congressional resolve and effect it will have on Noirmont’s rank.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Gordon, [5 September 1779]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Gordon, William

[West Point, September 5, 1779]
Sir
I have received your letter of the 25th of August, which you will probably not be surprised to hear, is by no means satisfactory. Instead of giving up the author of the accusation, you charitably suppose me guilty & amuse yourself in a strain of conjecture (which whatever ingenuity it may have, was certainly unnecessary) about the manner in which the affair happen’d, & the motives that produced it. Your entering a volunteer to apologise for me is, no doubt, a mark of your condescension & of your benevolence, & would make it ungrateful, as well as indecent, to suspect, that the conditions, with which you fetter a compliance with my request, proceed from any other cause than a laudable, though, perhaps, in this instance, an officious zeal for the interests of religion & for the good of society. It shall never be said, that you had a recourse to a pitiful evasion, & attempted to cover the dishonor of a refusal under a specious pretence of terms, which you knew, as a gentleman, I should be obliged to reject. I venture however, with every allowance for the sanctity of your intentions, & with all possible deference for your judgment, to express my doubts of the propriety of the concessions, you require, on my part, as preliminaries to a discovery, which I still think you are bound to make, as an act of justice—This is a principle from which I can never depart; & I am convinced, I shall have the common sense & feelings of mankind on my side. An opinion of my inexperience seems to have betrayed you into mistakes: Whatever you may imagine, Sir, I have read the world sufficiently to know that, though it may often be convenient to the propagator of a calumny to conceal the inventor, he will stand in need of no small address, to escape the suspicions & even the indignation of the honest & of the disinterested. Nor can I but persist in believing, that, notwithstanding the confidence, which, from a very natural partiality, you place in your own character, the delicacy of your sentiments will be alarmed at the possibility of incurring this danger, & will prevent your exposing yourself to it, by refusing or delaying any longer, to comply with so reasonable a demand.
It often happens, that our zeal is at variance with our understanding. Had it not been for this, you might have recollected, that we do not now live in the days of chivalry; & you would have judged your precautions, on the subject of duelling, at least, useless. The good sense of the present times has happily found out, that to prove your own innocence, or the malice of an accuser, the worst method, you can take, is to run him through the body, or shoot him through the head. And permit me to add, that while you felt an aversion to duelling, on the principles of religion, you ought, in charity, to have supposed others possessed of the same scruples,—of whose impiety you had no proofs. But whatever may be my final determination, on this point, ought to be a matter of indifference. ’Tis a good old maxim, to which we may safely adhere in most cases, that we ought to do our duty, & leave the rest to the care of heaven. The crime alleged to me is of such enormity, that, if I am guilty, it ought not to go unpunished; &, if I am innocent I should have an opportunity of indicating my innocence. The truth in either case should appear; & it is incumbent upon you, Sir, to afford the means, either by accusing me to my civil, or military superiors, or by disclosing the author of the information.
Your anxiety to engage me “to admit of the matter’s being thoroughly examined into by Congress, or individuals of the first character” was equally superfluous. I am, at all times, amenable to the authority of the state & of the laws, & whenever it should be the pleasure of Congress, the means of bringing me to justice, for any crime, I may have committed, are obvious & easy, without the assistance of informal stipulation on my side. I shall not expose myself to the ridicule of self-importance by applying to Congress for an inquiry; nor shall I invite the charge of impertinence, by promising to do what I have no power to refuse. I shall only declare, for my own satisfaction, that so far as concerns myself, nothing would give me greater pleasure than to undergo the strictest scrutiny, in any legal mode, into the rectitude of my conduct on this & on every other occasion, as a soldier or as a citizen. With respect to an examination by individuals of character, whenever I have it in my power to confront my accuser, I shall take care to do it in presence of witnesses of the first respectability, who will be able, from what they see & hear, to tell the world, that I am innocent & injured, & that he is a contemptable defamer. It is no doubt unfortunate for me, that you have prejudged the case & are of a different opinion. You profess to give credit to the story, because you say, “your informer is a man of veracity & could not be mistaken.” From this description, he is probably not a soldier, or you would have been more inclined to suppose him fallible. But whoever he may be, you have certainly shown a facility in believing, that does honor to your credulity at the expence of your candour. I protest, Sir, this is the first time I have heard my own veracity called in question. Had you not given a sanction to the contrary by your example, I should have indulgently flattered myself that I had as much right to be believed as another, & that my denial was a counterballance to the assertion of your informant, & left the affair in suspence to be decided by the future circumstances. You persue a different line, & in the overflowings of your pious hatred to political heresy, have determined, that I must be guilty at all events. You ascribe the denial to a defect of memory, & pretend to think it more likely, that I should have lost all recollection of the fact, than that you should have been misinformed. Far from accepting, I absolutely reject the apology, you make for me, & continue to believe it impossible, I could have made a declaration similar to the one reported: For I abhor the sentiment it contains, & am confident, it never could have had a momentary place in my mind, consequently could never have dishonoured my lips. The supposition is absurd, that I could have used the expressions, when I cannot recognise the remotest trace of an idea, at any period, that could possibly have led to them. In this consciousness, I again appeal to you, & demand, by all the ties of truth, justice & honor, that you immediately give up your author. I stake my life & reputation upon the issue, & defy all the craft of malevolence, or of cabal to support the charge. If you decline a discovery, I shall then not have it in my choice to make any other, than one conclusion.
You have blended several matters foreign to the purpose, which might as well have been omitted. I shall only answer in general, that I religiously believe, the officers of the army are among the best citizens in America, & inviolably attached to the liberties of the community,—infinitely more so, than any of those splenetic patriots out of it, who endeavour, for sinister purposes to instil jealousies & alarms, which they themselves, know to be as groundless, as they are impolitic & ridiculous. But if any individuals have been imprudent, or unprincipled, let them answer for themselves. I am responsible, only for my own conduct. Your fears for the injury, which the indiscretions of such persons might do to the General, were kind, but I hope unnecessary. The decided confidence of Congress & the hearts of the people of America are the witnesses to his integrity. The blame of the unmeaning petulance of a few impatient spirits will never rest upon him; for whoever knows his character will be satisfied, that an officer would be ashamed to utter in his hearing, any sentiments, that would disgrace a citizen.
I am Sir   Your most obedient servant
Alex Hamilton
West Point   Sept 5. 1779
The Revd Doctor Gordon


Title: George Washington to Major General William Heath, 6 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

[West Point] September 6, 1779. Asks Heath to appoint a board of officers to consider Captain Titus Watson’s complaint concerning rank.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to James Duane, [7 September 1779]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Duane, James

[West Point, September 7, 1779]
My Dear Sir
I this day received your bill⟨et⟩ of the 4th with one inclosed for Col Washington which was immediately forwarded. You do not mention the receipt of a line from me which I wrote several days since giving you an account of Arbuthnot’s arrival.
The current of our intelligence makes the reinforcement with him amount to about three thousand, mostly recruits and in bad health. ’Tis said preparations are making for an expedition ⟨and there are various⟩ conjectures about the object—some point to the Southward—perhaps the true destination is the West Indies. But I confess I should not be surprised, if the enemy should make a further and more vigorous attempt to gain possessession of two or three of the Southern States. If their affairs are so desperate with respect to alliance as we are told, the object of the war on their side from conquest must necessarily change to pacification. The acquisition of two or three of the Southern States would be a handsome counterpoise to their losses in the Islands, and would enable them to negotiate with the more credit and success the ensuing winter.
I am happy to have it in my power to gratify your curiosity about the Western expedition with the inclosed agreeable account. It is the substance of a letter from General Sullivan of the 30th. extracted at Col Hay’s request for Mr. Loudons paper. The facts are all true, though you will perceive I have given it a few of the usual embellishments of a news paper paragraph. I have not specified the number of General Sullivans wounded; they amount to thirty nine—among which Major Titcomb and two other officers. This is a pleasing and I hope decisive event.
In haste but with the greatest esteem & regard   I have the honor to be   Your most Obed ser
Alex Hamilton
Hd. Qrs.Sepr. 7th. 1779


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Brigadier General William Irvine, 7 September [1779]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Irvine, William

[West Point] September 7 [1779]. Hopes to have breakfast with Irvine the next day.


Title: George Washington to John Jay, 7 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

West Point, September 7, 1779. Describes British troop movements in New York. Discusses probable British plans and advises building up American defenses in South.


Title: George Washington to the Assistant Clothier at Newburgh, 7 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Assistant Clothier at Newburgh

[West Point] September 7, 1779. Sends instructions for distribution of clothing to the troops.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Brigadier General William Irvine, 8 September [1779]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Irvine, William

[West Point] September 8, [1779]. Regrets inability to keep appointment for breakfast.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Colonel Morgan Lewis, 8 September 1779
From: Lewis, Morgan
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Albany, September 8, 1779. Asks for “any intelligence which you can consistently communicate respecting the Intentions of Sir Henry Clinton.”


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Baron von Steuben, 8 September 1779
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Steuben, Baron von

Head Quarters [West Point]Sept. 8th. 79
My Dear Baron
The General on reflection is a little uneasy about the route you intend to take. He thinks it not quite safe, as the enemy have troops on Long Island and may easily throw a party across the Sound—So that you would be in danger of having your agreeable dreams interrupted, if you should sleep any where from New Haven to Fairfield. It is probable one of The Count’s motives for coming this way may be to see the ruins of those places; and if he could do it without risk, it would be desireable; but he would not probably be altogether at his ease, if in consequence of it, he should be obliged to attend the levy of Sir Henry Clinton. This may happen if he continues his intention, unless very good precautions are taken to avoid the danger. The General recommends it to you, at least, to be very vigilant upon your post, and not to suffer yourself to be surprised.
You will be so good as to let us have timely notice of your approach for we shall at least meet you at Fish Kill landing with boats to take you down to Head Quarters. I hope your escort will arrive in time.
I have the honor to be Your Affectionate & Respectful servant
A Hamilton
Heads QuartersSeptr. 7th 1779


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to ———, [10 September 1779]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To:

[West Point, September 10, 1779]
Dr Sir,
I really do not think it would be an adviseable measure to detach a brigade, for though I should not apprehend any material danger here, yet I think without some substantial object, it would hardly be prudent to lessen our force. There are possible events that might at least embarrass us. But my principal objection arises from my considering a compliance rather as a bad precedent; if you yield to the impotunity of one state, you must not only do the same to others in similar circumstances but you encourage that importunity and ultimately multiply your embarrassments. I hope the General’s letter in answer to the Governor pointing out some errors in his information will appease his apprehensions. The General appears much averse to the measure.
I am convinced you have no other motive than those you profess and I can hardly help chiding you for thinking it possible I could suppose what you hint.
I have the honor to be   Very truly and Affecty   Yr obedient ser Sep. 10th.
A Hamilton
I have mentioned General Howe’s matter to the General, by the way. His answer as I expected in the negative.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Lieutenant Colonel John Brooks, [10 September 1779]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Brooks, John

[West Point, September 10, 1779]
Dr. Sir,
I send you merely by way of information the copy of a letter, of the 25th. of August, which I yesterday received from Mr. Dana. I have only to request that you will be good enough to inform me of the names of all the gentlemen that composed the company before which I had the honor of being exhibited on the occasion in question.
I am D Sir   Your friend & servant
Alex Hamilton
Hd. Qrs. Sepr. 10. 79
Col Brooks


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from James Duane, 10 September 1779
From: Duane, James
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Manor Livingston [New York] 10th. September 1779
Dear Sir
Accept my Thanks for your Favour of the 28 Augt and your obliging assurances that you will comply with my Request, unless my anxiety for the Events of the Campaign had been very great I should not have been so unreasonable as to impose this Burthen on any of my much respected Friends at head Quarters; well knowing that they of all others have the least Leisure. I find the British Reinforcement is arivd; to me it brings no Terror; as I think we have the strongest Evidence, I mean the Debates of Parliament, that it was not originally intended to exceed 4000 Men; it may have been short of that number at the Embarkation; it may have diminished by Sickness on the Passage; & there can be little doubt but it consists of raw Recruits; when I speek of 4000 I do not include the Detachmt expected from the West Indies; our good Friend Count D’Estaign has I trust found full Employment for them. You say Wayne is still safe; let him keep a sharp look out, for I still hold the opinion that Sir Henry Clinton is bound in honour to chastise him, for one of the most daring & Insolent Assaults that is to be found in the Annals of Mankind, or the Records of Chivalry, An Achievement so brilliant in itself; (so romantic in the scale of British Estimation) that none but a Hero inspired by the Fortitude, instructed by the Wisdom, and guided by the planet of our Washington, coud by the Exploit at Paulus Hook have furnished materials for a page in History to give it a Parallel.
I am not disappointed at the unfortunate issue of the Penobscot Expedition. The Spirit of Enterprize displayd by our Eastern Brethren on this Occasion will be applauded; but their folly in publishing it to their very Enemies, in Season to enable them by their naval Superiority to defeat it, cannot but expose them to Ridicule & Censure. Depriv’d from the communicative and ostentatious Temper of our Fellow Citizens of the eminent advantages of Secrecy, the Soul of Enterprize; we must atone for it by uncommon Valour. The Success of our Frigates against the West India Fleet is some Counterballance to this unlucky Event.

You will expect no Entertainment in a Correspondence from this Quarter; we are relev’d even from Country News. It is reported that the Prisoners & Deserters from Burgoine’s Army are invited to receive their pay, at a place which is not mentioned to me, and promis’d to be exchanged; And that many of them have gone downward from the neighborhood of Claeverack; & about forty are preparing to follow them. Can all this be true; or is it like most other Country Reports, without foundation? That these people are in motion I believe.
I send an apple, a native of our woods. I have never seen Hughes’ Crab, from which the fine Virginia Cyder is produced, but from description I believe this to be the same Fruit; be so good as to shew it to his Excellency & enquire from him. It may be of use in Husbandry. You see from this how much I am at my Ease. Indeed I feel it very sensibly. To know the Value of domestic Enjoyment, next to Head Quarters I recommend the Chair at the Board of Treasury for ten months of a Season in which both our Friends and our Foes are waging a Succesful War against the publick Credit.
Present my afectionate & respectful Regards to his Excellency & the Family; and believe me to be, with every friendly sentiment Dear Col.   Your affectionate &   most Obd Servt
Jas. Duane


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Major Henry Lee, [10 September 1779]
From: Lee, Henry
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[Haverstraw, New York, September 10, 1779]
My dr sir
I wish you would send me a copy of Gen Washingtons letr. of instructions to me, a copy of gen orders on the subject of the 19th. & the sentence of the court martial. The emissarys from the virginia party have been industrious to injure my military character.
I am dr sir   yours sincerely
Henry LeeSept 10th. 79


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens, [11 September 1779]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Laurens, John

[West Point, September 11, 1779]
I acknowlege but one letter from you, since you left us, of the 14th of July which just arrived in time to appease a violent conflict between my friendship and my pride. I have written you five or six letters since you left Philadelphia and I should have written you more had you made proper return. But like a jealous lover, when I thought you slighted my caresses, my affection was alarmed and my vanity piqued. I had almost resolved to lavish no more of them upon you and to reject you as an inconstant and an ungrateful ——. But you have now disarmed my resentment and by a single mark of attention made up the quarrel. You must at least allow me a large stock of good nature.
I s[y]mpathise with you in the disagreeable prospects of your Southern world, the more, as notwithstanding the present break in the sky, and the flattering appearances abroad, the tempest may soon return and overwhelm your country in worse distress than it has yet experienced. I am not sure but that a considerable part of Clintons present force may be detached your way to complete the reduction of Georgia and take fuller possession of South Carolina. The fleet under Arbuthnot brought him a reinforcement of about three thousand. The British affairs, from the junction of Spain have become rather desperate unless she de⟨rives⟩ powerful assistance from her former fri⟨ends⟩ which we are taught to believe will ⟨not be⟩ the case. Negotiation not conque⟨st will⟩ then be her object; the acquisition ⟨of two⟩ or three of the Southern states would be ⟨the⟩ counterballance to the loss of her Isl⟨ands⟩, give credit in Europe, facilita⟨te⟩ honorable pacification or procure ⟨it.⟩ The plan of operations, I suppose in th⟨at⟩ case would be this—to evacuate Rhode Island, leave a garrison of eight thousand men for the defence of New York and its dependencies, detach five thousand to the West Indies to assist in garrisoning their remaining Islands, and then they will have five thousand to send to the Southward. Their whole force at New York and Rhode Island is now from 18 to 19.000 men. Five thousand troops, in addition to those now in the Islands I should imagine would be sufficient to act on the defensive, and from the inferiority of their fleet, they must be reduced to this. Eight or nine thousand, with the help of fortification, would secure New York pretty effectually and I see nothing that could prevent five thousand men added to the force already to the Southward from taking full possession of Georgia and South Carolina at least. At New York they have been for some time past employed in fortifying from one river to the other at the narrowest part of the Island.
The plan here suggested, you will perhaps think with me is not the worst the enemy could adopt in their present circumstances. Its goodness is perhaps the strongest reason against its being undertaken; but they may blunder upon the right way for once, and we ought to be upon our guard.
I think your black scheme would be the best resource the situation of your country will admit. I wish its success, but my hopes are very feeble. Prejudice and private interest will be antagonists too powerful for public spirit and public good. The favourable events in Europe will probably be a casting weight against you. Your sanguine politicians, will think the war at the end and imagine we have nothing to do, but to sit down quietly and see the destruction of British power. Even the animated and persuasive eloquence of my young Demosthenes will not be able to r⟨ouse⟩ his countrymen from the lethargy of volup⟨tuous⟩ indolence, or dissolve the fascinating cha⟨racter⟩ of self interest, to inspire them with th⟨e⟩ ⟨—⟩ and wisdom of legislators and with the n⟨atural⟩ enthusiasm of republicans! Every ⟨hope⟩ of this kind my friend is an idle dream; every ⟨—will⟩ convince you that there is no virtue ⟨in⟩ America—that commerce which preside⟨d over⟩ the birth and education of these states has ⟨fitted⟩ their inhabitants for the chain, and that the only condition they sincerely desire is that it may be a golden one.
An additional reason just occu⟨rs⟩ to me in favour of the project I have formed for the enemy; it is this: the superiority which the combined fleet will have in the English Channel will make it infinitely difficult if not impossible for the enemy to support their fleets and troops in the West Indies and on this Continent by supplies from Europe. They must therefore open new channels in America or starve. The Southern states alone can answer the purpose. From the current of intelligence an embarkation is on foot at New York. A little time will develop its destination. I hope it may disappoint my conjectures; the general opinion points to the West Indies and upon the whole I believe myself the plan of Southern operations is too bold and enlarged, for the feeble shivering contracted councils of Britain.
The naval force that arrived under Arbuthnot by the best intelligence consists of two ships of the line two fifty Gun and two smaller frigates. Some seamen, deserters report that they made at sea two detachments of troops one for Quebec the other to Halifax each under convoy of a vessel of the line. If Arbuthnot goes to the West Indies, Byron will be still inferior to D’Estaing to say nothing of the Spanish fleet in that Quarter. The troops and seamen arrived in a very sickly situation.
We have just received an account that looks like the approach of D’Estaing to our Continent. A Vessel arrived at Boston mentions having parted with him in latitude 25—Longitude 70 steering NW—with six thousand troops on board taken in at the Cape bound for Georgia and afterwards Northward. If this should be true you will probably hear of him before this reaches you; but he may perhaps push directly Northward to lay the ax to the root. This will be a master stroke and fix D’Estaing’s character as a first rate officer. The reduction of the enemy’s fleets and armies in America will make all their Islands fall of course, deprive them of supplies from this Countinent and enable us to second the operations of the French with ample succours of provision. If he touches at Georgia for your relief and continues his progress Northward, you I know will endeavour to keep pace with him and make us happy again. The lads all join me in embracing you most affectionately. Pray let me hear from you frequently, and deal a little in military details, as you expect the same from me.
The Philadelphia Papers will tell you of a handsome stroke by Lee on Powles Hook. Some folks in the Virginia line jealous of his glory had the folly to get him arrested. He has been tried and acquitted with the highest honor. Lee unfolds himself more and more to be an officer of great capacity, and if he had not a little spice of The Julius Caesar or Cromwell in him, he would be a very clever fellow—Adieu
Yrs most sincerely
A Hamilton
Apropos—Speaking of a Casar & a Comwell—Don’t you think the Cabal have reported that I declared in a public house in Philadelphia that “it was high time for the people to rise, join General Washington & turn Congress out of Doors.” I am running the rogues pretty hard—Dana was the first mentioned to me. He has given up Doctor Gordon of Jamaica plains. You will remember the old Jesuit; he made us a visit at Frederickburgh and is writing the history of America. The proverb is verified—“there never was any mischief but had a priest or a woman at the bottom.” I doubt not subordination and every species of villainy will be made use of to cover the villainy of the attack. I have written to Gordon and what do you think is his answer?—he will give up his author, if I will pledge my honor “neither to give nor accept a challenge to cause it to be given nor accepted, nor to engage in any rencounter that may produce a duel.” Pleasant terms enough—I am first to be calumniated and then if my calumniator takes it into his head I am to bear a cudgelling from him with christian patience and forbearance; for the terms required if persued to their consequences come to this. I have ridiculed the proposal and insisted on the author, on the principle of unconditional submission. What the Doctor’s impudence will answer I know not. But you who know my sentiments will know how to join me in despising these miserable detractors.
On revising my work I find several strokes of the true School-boy sublime. Pray let them pass and admire them, if you can.

West PointSepr. 11 1779


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Marquis de Lafayette, 12 September 1779
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de

West Point le 12. 7bre 1779
En effet ce servit les priver du Secours de leurs vaisseaux ou provisions au Continent et nous mettre à même de seconder efficacement vos opérations dans ces Parages en vous fournissant des provisions qui sont, je crois, l’Article le plus essential dont vous pouvez avoir besoin. L’éloignement de la Guerre de ce Païs est un objet très important pour les opérations générales de la Guerre. Il donneroit une nouvelle énergie à nos efforts, multiplieroit nos ressources, et nous deviendrions par là un allié plus utile. Nous pourions non seulement agir offensivement contre les possessions de l’Ennemi sur le Continent, mais le grand nombre de Corsaires que nous pourrions armer contre le Commerce Anglois ne contribueroit pas peu à hâter sa ruine, en même tems que nous serions le Grenier des Puissances alliées. Si la Guerre se prolonge encore une autre Campagne rien de plus aisé que de mettre à éxécution ce projet désirable. À tout période de la présente campagne un Secours de Vaisseaux de Guerre auroit infailliblement anéanti les forces de l’Ennemi tant sur Terre que sur Mer; Et si M. de La Motte-Piguet dans son passage aux Iles eût relâché ici, c’en étoit fait des anglois. La Campagne dans les Indes Occidentales auroit probablement été plus décisive qu’elle ne le sera, et les secours de ce Continent formeroient actuellement un poids immense dans la balance. Au commencement du printems, il se présentera une occasion encore plus favorable qu’aucune de celles qui se sont offertes jusqu’ici. L’on sera obligé alors d’envoyer un fort grand détachement qui diminuera considérablement ses forces, et le reste, avec le Secours des Vaisseaux qu’on pourroit nous envoyer seroit une proie très facile pour nous. Ce Seroit une bonne chose si l’on pouvoit y ajouter deux mille hommes de Troupes, car quoique nous puissions lever un nombre suffisant de Milices, deux mille hommes de Troupes réglées ajoutés à nos forces continentales rendroient les événements plus certains que toute la Milice que nous pourrions rassembler.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Major Henry Lee, [13 September 1779]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Lee, Henry

[West Point, September 13, 1779]
Dr. Lee
Capt McCallister delivered me your note. I applied to Col: Scammel for copies of the order of approbation and the sentence of confirmation; but he informs me that they had been already forwarded to you by express. The inclosed copy of the Generals letter, if I have not misunderstood you, executes the rest of my commission. If I did not think your vanity would be intolerable at the manner of your acquittal, I should congratulate you upon it, as I am very truly—
Your friend & servant
Alex Hamilton
Hd. Qrs. Sepr. 13th. 79


Title: George Washington to Comte d’Estaing, 13 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Estaing, Charles-Hector, comte d’

West Point, September 13, 1779. Describes British land and sea forces in America. Advances ideas for an attack on New York in cooperation with French fleet.


Title: George Washington to Major General William Heath, 13 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

[West Point] September 13, 1779. Orders Heath to place Brigadier General John Nixon’s brigade under marching orders and to send a guard of men to take charge of the French Minister’s baggage.


Title: George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 13 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

West Point, September 13, 1779. Reports that French fleet is near coast. Orders Howe to Pine Bridge to prevent British from retreating from Kings Ferry to the main body of their troops.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to James Duane, 14 September 1779
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Duane, James

Head Quarters. West PointSept. 14th 1779
I received your letter of the 10th ins. two days since & with my usual distraction suffered your apple to pass out of my hands and to be lost before it could be seen by the General. But Tilghman and Meade who saw it and pretend to be connoisseurs in matters of this kind laughed at me for my inquiries & insisted that it was nothing more than the common crab-apple and not the least resemblance to Hughes—It was in vain that I pleaded that Mr. Duane was a virtuoso as well as themselves, had sent it to me to be submitted to inspection, and that I was not obliged to be acquainted with the natural productions of this country; they were unmerciful upon the occasion and baited me so hard that I almost thought the loss of the apple a happy riddance—and glad to have so good an excuse for not bringing it on the carpet a second time. But notwithstanding the raiting I have undergone, I will muster fortitude enough to endure a repetition of the storm, if you will take the trouble to send me another apple. I promise to take care that it shall not be lost before it is seen by the Genl.
The General & family charge me to present their most affectionate respects.


Title: George Washington to John Jay, 14 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

West Point, September 14, 1779. Sends news of sailing of three British regiments.


Title: George Washington to Major General William Heath, 14 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

West Point, September 14, 1779. Orders Brigadier General John Nixon to Pines Bridge to meet Major General Robert Howe.


Title: Conference between the Chevalier de la Luzerne and General George Washington, [16 September 1779]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To:

[West Point, September 16, 1779]
Substance of a Conference between The Chevalier De la Luzerne Minister Plenipotentiary of France and General Washington at Head Quarters West Point Septr. 16th. 1779.
The Minister opened the conference by observing, that The Council of Massachusettes had represented to him the disadvantages, which their commerce was likely to suffer from the late misfortune in Penobscot, and the advantages which would result, if His Excellency Count D’Estaing could detach a few ships of the line and frigates to be stationed upon their coast, for protecting their commerce and countenancing the operations of their cruisers against that of the enemy. But before he should propose such a measure to Count D’Estaing, he wished to know from The General what purposes the detachment could answer to his military operations, and whether it would enable him to prosecute any offensive enterprise against the enemy—That if he could accompany the request of the Council with assurance of this kind, a motive of such importance would have the greatest influence in determining the concurrence of Count D’Estaing, and might the better justify him in deranging or contracting his plans in the West Indies, by making a detachment of his force.
The General answered—That if Count D’Estaing could spare a detachment superior to the enemy’s naval force upon this Continent retaining such a force in the West Indies as would put it out of the enemy’s power to detach an equal force to this Continent without leaving themselves inferior in the Islands, the measure would have a high probability of many important and perhaps decisive advantages: But these would depend upon several contingen[c]ies—the time in which the detachment can arrive, and the position and force of the enemy when it arrives. That the season proper for military operations was now pretty far advanced and to make a Winter-campaign would require a disposition of our magazines peculiar to it, which could not be made without a large increase of expence; a circumstance not to be desired in the present posture of our affairs, unless the arrival of a naval succour was an event of some certainty. That with respect to the position and force of the enemy, they had now about fourteen thousand men at New York and its dependencies and between three and four thousand at Rhode Island—that to reduce the former, if it should be concentered on the Island would require extensive preparations before-hand, both as to magazines and aids of men, which could not with propriety be undertaken on a precarious expectation of assistance. But that if the garrison of Rhode Island should continue there, we should have every reason to expect its reduction in a combined operation—it might however be withdrawn—he added—That the enemy appear to be making large detachments from New York which the present situation of their affairs seems to exact—That there is a high probability of their being left so weak as to give us an opportunity during the Winter of acting effectually against New York, in case of the arrival of a fleet to cooperate with us; even with the force we now have and could suddenly assemble on an emergency—That at all events The French Squadron would be able to strike an important stroke, in the capture and distruction of the enemy’s vessels of war, with a large number of transports and perhaps seamen.
He concluded with observing, That though in the great uncertainty of the arrival of a Squadron, he could not undertake to make expensive preparations for co-operating, nor pledge himself for doing it effectually; yet there was the greatest prospect of utility from the arrival of such a Squadron, and he would engage to do every thing in his power for improving its aid, if it should appear upon our coast: That if the present or future circumstances should permit His Excellency Count D’Estaing to concert a combined operation with the troops of these states against the enemy’s fleets and armies within these States he would be ready to promote the measure to the utmost of our resources and should have the highest hopes of its success—it would however be necessary to prevent delay and give efficacy to the project, that he should have some previous notice.
The Minister replied—That The Generals delicacy upon the occasion was very proper; but as he seemed unwilling to give assurances of effectual cooperation, in conveying the application to the Admiral he would only make use of the name of The Council which would no doubt have all the weight due to the application of so respectable a body.
The General assented, observing that occasional mention might be made of the military advantages to be expected from the measure.
The Minister in the next place informed The General that there had been some negotiations between Congress and Monsieur Gerard, on the subject of the Floridas, and the limits of the Spanish dominions in that quarter, concerning which certain resolutions had been taken by Congress which he supposed were known to The General. He added that the Spaniards had in contemplation an expedition against  the Floridas which was either already begun or very soon would be begun, and he wished to know the Generals opinion of a cooperation on our part—That it was probable this expedition would immediately divert the enemy’s force from South Carolina and Georgia, and the question then would be whether General Lincolns army would be necessary elsewhere or might be employed in a cooperation with the Spanish forces. That the motive with the French court for wishing such a cooperation was, that it would be a meritorious act on the side of the United States towards Spain, who though she had all along been well disposed to the revolution had entered reluctantly into the war and had not yet acknowleged our independence—that a step of this kind would serve to confirm her good dispositions and to induce her not only to enter into a Treaty with us, but perhaps to assist with a loan of money—That the forces of Spain in the Islands were so considerable as would in all appearance make our aid unnecessary; on which account the utility of it, only contingent and possible, was but a secondary consideration with the Court of France; the desire to engage Spain more firmly in our interests by a mark of our good will to her was the leading and principal one.
The General assured the Minister, that he had the deepest sense of the friendship of France but replied to the matter in question—that he was altogether a stranger to the measures adopted by Congress relative to the Floridas and could give no opinion of the propriety of the cooperation proposed in a civil or political light; but considering it merely as a military question, he saw no objection to the measure on the supposition that the enemy’s force in Georgia and South Carolina be withdrawn, without which it would of course be impossible.
The Minister then asked, in case the operation by the Spaniards against the Floridas should not induce the English to abandon the Southern States, whether it would be agreeable that the forces, either French or Spanish employed there should cooperate with our troops against those of the enemy in Georgia and South Carolina.
The General replied that he imagined such a cooperation would be desireable.
The Minister inquired in the next place, whether in case The Court of France should find it convenient to send directly from France a Squadron and a few Regiments attached to it, to act in conjunction with us in this quarter, it would be agreeable to The United States.
The General thought it would be very advancive of the common cause.
The Minister informed, That Doctor Franklin had purchased a fifty gun ship which The King of France intended to equip, for the benefit of The United States to be sent with two or three frigates to Newfoundland to act against the enemys vessels employed in the Fisherys, and afterwards to proceed to Boston to cruise from that port.
He concluded the conference with stating, that in Boston several Gentlemen of influence, some of them members of Congress, had conversed with him on the subject of an expedition against Canada and Nova Scotia—That his Christian Majesty had a sincere and disinterested desire to see those two provinces annexed to the American confederacy and would be disposed to promote a plan for this purpose; but that he would undertake nothing of this kind unless the plan was previously approved and digested by The General. He added that a letter from The General to Congress some time since on the subject of an expedition to Canada had appeared in France and had been submitted to the best military judges, who approved the reasoning and thought the objections to the plan which had been proposed very plausible and powerful—That whenever The General should think the circumstances of this country favourable to such an undertaking, he should be very glad to recommend the plan he should propose, and he was assured that the French Court would give it all the aid in their power.
The General again expressed his sense of the good dispositions of his Christian Majesty; but observed, that while the enemy remain in force in these states, the difficulties stated in his letter alluded to by the Minister would still subsist; but that whenever that force should be removed, he doubted not it would be a leading object with the government to wrest the two forementioned provinces from the power of Britain—that in this case he should esteem himself honored in being consulted on the plan; and was of opinion, that though we should have land force enough for the undertaking without in this aspect intruding upon the generosity of our allies, a naval co-operation would certainly be very useful and necessary.
The rest of the Conference consisted in mutual assurances of the friend ship of the two countries &c. interspersed on the General’s side with occasional remarks on the importance of removing the war from these states—it would enable us to afford ample supplies to the operations in the West Indies and to act with efficacy in annoying the commerce of the enemy & dispossessing them of their dominions on this Continent.
The foregoing is to the best of my recollection the substance of a conference at which I was present at the time mentioned and interpreted between the Minister and The General.
Alex Hamilton
Head Quarters Sepr. 18th. 1779


Title: George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 20 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

West Point, September 20, 1779. Transmits complaint from the Third Massachusetts Regiment to Howe.


Title: George Washington to Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 21 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Wayne, Anthony

West Point, September 21, 1779. Asks Wayne to investigate complaint against Major Henry McCormick.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from David Henley, 22 September 1779
From: Henley, David
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Boston, September 22, 1779
Dear Sir:
Yesterday I delivered your letter to Doctor ******, and hope you will receive such satisfaction as is due to you, either in wounding him in his honour, or by treating the man with contempt that has endeavoured to injure your reputation. You have, enclosed, a little anecdote of the Doctor’s conduct, in an affair that happened not long since, handed me by a gentleman. The bearer of this is Mr. Hitchborn, a gentleman of character and notice in the town. Any civilities shown him, will much oblige, Sir, Your humble serv’t.,
David Henley
Col. Hamilton.


Title: George Washington to David Brooks, 22 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Brooks, David

West Point, September 22, 1779. Sends instructions for distribution of clothing, tea, and pepper.


Title: George Washington to Brigadier General Louis Le Bèque Du Portail, 22 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Du Portail, Louis Le Bèque

West Point, September 22, 1779. Instructs Du Portail to build barracks in the “different works.”


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from James Duane, 23 September 1779
From: Duane, James
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Manour Livingston [New York] 23d Septemr. 1779
My dear Sir
I find I have given our Friends Tighlman and Meade an opportunity of exercising their Risibility. The whole Expence ought to be mine, and it is taking an ungenerous advantage to oblige you to contribute your Club. Tell them from me that however they may carry it at Head Quarters, if you and I could catch them at the Manour it is possible they might be convinced that my Enquiry was not altogether so whimsical as it has at first View appeard to those two consummate Arborists and Philosophers. I will not say of Tilghman, Zijne tong loopt radder als zijn verstand; because I know he has een Doordringend verstand, dat vliegt als een pijl uyt een boog. If you shoud be puzzled for an Explanation only consult Meade and Tilghman. Let them not plead Ignorance in a point familiar to every Man in Kingston: deep scholars and naturalists who can pronounce decisively on the difference between a Crabb apple and an oyster pye, and triumph so extravagantly in their Superiority, must at least be acquainted with the polite Languages!
I am obliged much by your kind attention to me. The Condition of our Enemies, instead of being formidable, as they predicted, seems daily to become more feeble; and instead of those vigorous, and decisive Operations which coud alone have revived their declining Cause, and kept up the Spirits of their infatuated adherents, we see nothing but Languor discontent and disgust in their army, their Fleets, and their Councils. Their King alone, as if literally hardened by a Judicial Blindness, persists in his Obstinate Folly, and Courts the Destruction of the british Empire. If in addition to All his other Wants Distresses and misfortunes, Sickness has taken a deep Root among his Troops, and his partisans; a decisive Period must in all probability be speedily put to the mad Career; and you and I, my Friend, may have Leisure to range thro’ the Vegetable World and become fit Companions even for those learned Doctors and consummate Philosophers, the aforesaid Meade and Tilghman, who now look down upon us with pity and disdain from the lofty summit of a Crab Tree.
Count D’Estaign seems to have the Ball at his Feet. His command of the Ocean must be undisputable when he is Joind by the Spanish Squadron lately at Havanna; he may divide his Force, subdue the West India Islands, & assist us in expelling or captivating the Remnant of our Enemies on this Continent. I have however some distrust of the Count’s planet. His former ill luck on our Coast has led me to think that he is no Felix: I conclude not much from the advantages he acquir’d over Biron; for that Man is marked for the Child of Misfortune, and I dare say if his Nativity was cast it woud appear that his Star foreboded Decapitation and Disgrace. Believe me I never meddled with the black art, nor am I even superstitious, and yet I discern that I am not altogether free from a prejudice which was very remarkable in the greatest Nation of Antiquity. Hence it is that I so anxiously look for the fortunate Completion of our Western Expedition; even when a train of favourable Events renders it so highly probable.
Be so good as to present my affectionate and respectful Compliments to the General and all the Family; and believe that I shall be happy in every opportunity to Convince you that I am Sincerely Your Friend &   most obedt Servant
Jas. Duane
P.S. How do you like the new Minister of France? I have a Letter from G Schuyler at Saraghto. In the Course of a Week I expect him here & shall probably accompany him on a Visit to the General & our Friends at Head Quarters.


Title: George Washington to John Beatty, 23 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Beatty, John

West Point, September 23, 1779. Sends instructions for exchange of prisoners.


Title: George Washington to Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 24 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Wayne, Anthony

[West Point] September 24, 1779. Refuses to countermand the order for the trial of Major Henry McCormick.


Title: George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 25 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

[West Point] September 25, 1779. Orders Howe to appoint a court of inquiry to investigate the complaint against Colonel John Greaton.


Title: George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, George Clinton, and William Livingston, 27 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan,Clinton, George,Livingston, William

[West Point] September 27, 1779. States that if the French fleet is in reality off the coast, it will be necessary for states to supply men and provisions.


Title: George Washington to Major General Benjamin Lincoln, 28 September 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Lincoln, Benjamin

West Point, September 28, 1779. Congratulates Lincoln on Stono Ferry attack. Regrets delay in securing reinforcements from Virginia. Believes British objectives to be Georgia and South Carolina. Sends news of the French fleet.