Title: From George Washington to Jeremiah Wadsworth, 11 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Wadsworth, Jeremiah

Dr Sir
Camp at Springfield June 11: 1780

I have received your Two favors of the 5 & 6th Inst. and thank you very much for your exertions for our relief—and for your tender of services. As I am most fully persuaded of the sincerity in which the offer is founded, and as I know it is your earnest wish, I shall without hesitation avail myself of them whenever the exigency of our affairs may make it necessary. You will readily conclude by the part I have taken in my late applications—that I knew whatever was in your power to do, to promote the service, might be asked without the least scruple. And I am certain from the happy experience I have had of His Excellency, the Governor’s zeal and readiness on all occasions, to advance the public interest, that nothing within his compass will be ever wanting to promote it to it’s fullest extent. From the very delicate situation of our affairs at this time, the most energetic exertions of every public body and of every virtuous Individual are essential. With these we may obtain what we wish, but with any thing short, the attainment will be extremely precarious—and I think I shall not hazard much if I say impracticable. I wish the loss of Charles Town, which is placed beyond doubt though I have received no Official advices of it on our part, may have the effect you hope. It is certain the Country seems to be in an unaccountable state of security and to be sunk in the greatest supineness; and if this loss should rouse it, it may ultimately turn to our advantage—though I confess it pains me, that such events should be requisite to induce us to proper exertions.
With respect to arms for the Recruits—we are endeavouring to provide them and I hope we shall be able to accomplish it. If we should not it will be a disagreable circumstance & we must have recourse to the States. I have used every means in my power to prevent the

discharged Soldiery from time to time carrying away their Arms; but I am persuaded they do it in a variety of instances nevertheless; and doubt not many of those You saw belonged to the Continent. The loss of arms is among the innumerable & unavoidable ill consequences of limited inlistments.
On Tuesday night the Enemy landed at Elizabeth Town point with almost their whole force under the command of General Knyphausen and proceeded the next morning into the Country within half a mile of Springfield. At night they retired to the point of debarkation, where they have remained ever since. In their advance they were opposed by the Jersey Brigade which lay in the neighbourhood & by such of the Militia as had an opportunity from their situation and the suddenness of the occasion to turn out with the greatest spirit; and there is reason to believe they were a good deal galled. Brigadier Genl Sterling it seems from good intelligence was wounded in the Thigh soon after they debarked, by our picket. This movement of the Enemy has brought our Army in the rear of this place. The Jersey Militia have turned out with the most admirable spirit upon the occasion and hitherto done themselves great honor. You but too well know & will regret with me, the cause of this insulting manuvre on the part of the Enemy. It deeply affects the honor of the States—a vindication of which could not be attempted in our present circumstances, without most intimately hazarding their security—at least so far as it may depend on that of the Army. Their character—their Interest—their all that is dear, call upon them to fill their Regiments immediately, and place their Army on a respectable footing. I am Dr Sir with great regard & esteem yr Most Obedt st

Go: Washington

P.S. The Enemy as usual, burnt a meeting House and several Dwelling Houses & Barnes. They lost between Thirty & forty Prisoners. Our loss upon this occasion has been very inconsiderable.


Title: To George Washington from the Board of War, 12 June 1780
From: Board of War
To: Washington, George

Sir
War office [Philadelphia] June 12. 1780.

Previous to the receipt of your Excellency’s letter of the 8th inst. the Infantry of majr Lee’s Corps (the Cavalry it is presumed has Joined the Army) had arrived at Richmond where the board suppose they will remain until your further orders about their destination.
The board thought proper to submit that part of your letter where you Speak of your weakness in Cavalry, to the consideration of the President of the State, observing to him at the same time, that they conceived it would be advisable to direct the City light Horse to hold themselves in readiness; and the President concurring in sentiment; the corps is ready to move—whenever your Excellency shall signify that there is a necessity for its services. I have the honor to be With the highest respect. Yr Excellencys Most Obed. & Most Humble serv.

by orderBen. Stoddert Secy


Title: From George Washington to the Committee at Headquarters, 12 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Committee at Headquarters

Gentlemen.
Head Quarters Springfield June 12th 1780

I have received information which though not official—I deem authentic, that some of the states have taken up the measure of augmenting their batalions by a draft on a less extensive footing than was urged in your circular letter of the 25th of May. Though I wish to pay in every instance implicit deference to the determinations of the respective states, I think it my duty in the present crisis—once more to declare with freedom, that I conceive the measure of filling our batalions to their full complement—fundamental to a cooperation on a large scale—that any thing short of this will infallibly compel us to confine ourselves to a mere defensive plan, except as to some little, partial indecisive enterprises against remote points; and will of course disappoint

the expectations of our allies and protract the war. The force which has been stated as necessary is as small as can give us any prospect of a decisive effort. If it is not furnished, we must renounce every hope of this kind. It remains with the states to realize the consequences. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect & esteem Gentlemen Yr most Obedt ser.

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Nathaniel Heard, 12 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Heard, Nathaniel

Sir
[Springfield, 12 June 1780]

As there is a large number of horses and Cattle in the vicinity of the enemy which they will no doubt convert to their own benefit—and without making compensation to the owners, the good of the service and a regard to the individuals to whom they belong require that they should be immediately removed. The rules of war justify this precaution and good policy forbids us to leave so valuable a resource in the power of

the enemy. I therefore authorise and desire you as speedily as possible to have all the horses and Cattle (except a few milch cows absolutely necessary for family use) within five miles of the water from Newark to Amboy—driven off and delivered to the Commissary of Provisions or his assistants, who will have them disposed of at some secure places to be returned to the owners as soon as circumstances will permit; except such as the exigency of service may require to be applied to the use of the army, which will be paid for at the market price. That Justice may be done to the owners, you will direct your collecting parties to keep an exact account of the number of horses and Cattle taken from each person. Given at Head Quarters Springfield June 12th 1780.


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 12 June 1780
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

Dear General,
Roxbury [Mass.] June 12th 1780

I am just honored with yours of the 2d Instant. I shall proceed to Providence with all possible dispatch, and hope soon to have the pleasure of welcoming the officers of our illustrious Ally: but, it will be attended with an unavoidable expence, which scarcely any officer in these distracted times can bear unless he be assisted by the Public—Without it, I am sure that I cannot discharge the command with honor either to myself or country. I have once had a specimen—when his most christian Majesty’s Squadron under the command of the Count d’Estaing were in the Harbor of Boston: I must therefore request your Excellencys orders for such assistance as may appear to be necessary, or, if you should decline a step of this kind, that you would be pleased to represent it to those who have an undoubted right to do it.
your Excellency’s knowlege of the present times, State of the currency, & Situation of the officers of the american Army renders it unnecessary for me to Say more on this head.
A part of my necessary Baggage was left at the Highlands. Will you obligingly advise whether it will be best to let it rest there, or have it sent to some other place? this will no doubt be governed by your Excellencys designs respecting my future destination. I have the honor to be With the greatest respect your Excellencys Most obedt Servt

W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from the Maryland Council, 12 June 1780
From: Maryland Council
To: Washington, George

Sir
In Council Maryland Annapolis June 12th 1780

We have this moment had the honor of receiving your Excellencys Letter of the 2d Instant also a Letter of the same date from the Honorable committee of Co-operation both of which We communicated to the General Assembly of this State now sitting. We have the honor to be with Sentiments of perfect Respect and Esteem Your Excellencys Mo. Obedt & mo. Hble servt

Tho. Sim Lee


Title: To George Washington from the Board of War, 13 June 1780
From: Board of War
To: Washington, George

Sir
War Office [Philadelphia] June 13. 1780.

The board have the honor to inclose a letter from Lt Col. Conolly.
It being the opinion of Col. Maegaw, that Lt Col. Conolly might be able to negotiate his exchange for Lt Col. Ramsay were he upon the

spot—The board submit the propriety of granting his request to your Excellency. I have the honor to be With the highest respect yr Excellency’s Most Obed. Hble Serv.

by ord.Ben. Stoddert Secy


Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 13 June 1780
From: Clinton, George
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Kingston [N.Y.] 13th June 1780

Your Excellency’s Letter of the 10th Instant addressed to Lieut. Governor Cortlandt was delivered to me Yesterday Evening and I immediately, forwarded by Express, your Letter to Brigr Genl James Clinton and urged him to the utmost Expedition in his march to West Point. I enclose your Excellency a Copy of a Letter from my Brother of the 10th Instant giving the particular Disposition of the Regiments of his Brigade; by which it appears that Colo. Gansevoort’s was imployed in escorting a Supply of Provisions to Fort Schuyler. As this appeared to me to be a business of too much Importance to admit of delay or be entrusted to the care of a weak Party I have therefore taken the Liberty of advising him to continue this Regiment on that Service until it shall be accomplished; which I hope will meet your Excellency’s Approbation. I am apprehensive that the other three Regiments (they having previous to the Receipt of your Excellency’s Order marched to the respective Stations mentioned in my Brothers Letter) will not be able to reach West Point on as early a Day as might have been expected. The Militia in the Vicinity of the Posts in the Highlands were before I left Poughkeepsie, put under Orders to hold themselves in constant Readiness to take the field on the shortest Notice & on the Signals of Alarm being given—those on the West Side of the River are to repair to West

Point and those on the East Side are to rendezvous at Fishkill & there wait for further Orders. Of this I apprised General Howe at the Time. I now write to him on the Subject and if it should be thought necessary by your Excellency I will immediately order such part of them to West Point as your Excellency or General Howe may direct until the arrival of Genl Clinton’s Brigade.
Your Excellency’s several Letters of the 23d & 28th Ultimo & 2d Instant were received & opened by Lieut. Governor Cortlandt in my Absence and such of them as were proper to be communicated to the Legislature with the Letters from the Committee of Congress of the 25th Ulto were laid before them and I am happy in being able to assure your Excellency that they give me Reason to hope that they will yield a Compliance with the Requisitions made of this State on this important Occasion, except in the Article of Forage of which this State is entirely exhausted.
The moment I closed my last Letter to Genl Schuyler which has been communicated to your Excllency I embarked for Albany with an Intention to intercept the Enemy under Sir John Johnson in their Retreat from Tryon County or to succour Fort Schuyler, if invested, which I then apprehended might have been the Case. On my arrival at Albany I soon had Reason to believe that the Report of a Force having marched against that Post was merely calculated to favor Sir John Johnson’s Incursion and as the Militia had collected he had retired about 6 Miles from Johnstown and was preparing to return to Canada by a Route more Northward than that by which he entered the Country I therefore directed Colo. Van Schaick who was at Fort Hunter to march forward & hang close upon & harrass his Rear, to afford time for me to gain his Front with the Militia to the North of Albany which I expected to have been able to effect by striking into Jessups Patent from Fort Edward: But before my Letter reached Colo. Van Schaick the Militia in that Quarter, being out of Provisions and finding Sir John retiring, were returning home; which was also the case with those who had assembled & I expected to have found at Fort Edward. Under these Circumstances I found it necessary to alter my Plan, to that of passing Lake George and meeting the Enemy on the Borders of Lake Champlain; which, as the Enemy appeared to be much fatigued by their long March & it was to be presumed would move slow as soon as they were advanced such a Distance as to conceive themselves out of Danger, I conceived might still be practicable. I accordingly reassembled the Militia and with the Levies stationed at Fort Edward & a Detachment of Warner’s Regiment crossed Lake George: but tho’ I had a force, superior to that of the Enemy, advanced as far as Bullwaggers Bay below Crown Point, the Place at which the Enemy embarked, within eight Days after my leaving

this Place I was so unfortunate as to find, judging by the Information of our Scouts & by the appearance of the Bushes & Bark the Enemy had prepared to hut themselves but did not put up & by other Marks as well as the sailing of their Vessels, we were about six Hours too late. I would fain hope however, that the Attempt tho’ unsuccessful may be attended with the good effect of deterring the Enemy from a similar Enterprize as it will at least discover to them the Danger which may attend it. I think it my Duty to inform your Excellency that on my Request I was joined by a Party of 240 of the Militia of the Grants under Colo. Warren & Major Allen whose Behavior on this Occasion in every Respect was very agreable to me. I beg your Excellency will pardon me in troubling you with this long Detail, as I wish it only to be received as an appology for not succeeding in an Attempt which I gave you Reason to believe was practicable & which undoubtedly might have been effected had I found Matters in the Train I had reason to have expected. I have the Honor to be with the greatest Respect & Esteem Dear Sir Your Excellency’s most Obedt Servant

Geo: Clinton


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General James Clinton, 13 June 1780
From: Clinton, James
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Albany June 13th 1780

This day I have been honoured with your Excellency’s Favour of the 10th instant inclosed in one from the Governor, in Consequence of which I have dispatched Orders to the Officers commanding the different Regiments of my Brigade, directing them to march with all possible Expedition to this Place; but as the nighest Regiment is distant

from Albany three days March, and the procuring Waggons immediately will probably be attended with Difficulty, it will necessarily detain me longer than I coud wish.
I had the Honor to inform your Excellency in a Letter of the 11th inst. of the Disposition I had made of the Troops conformable to the Governor’s Direction, which I flatter myself you have received by this time, and which will account for the Delay occasioned by unavoidable Circumstances—I hope however your Excellency will rest assured that every Exertion shall be made to expedite the Movement of the Troops to their Destination. I have the Honor to be with Sentiments of perfect respect Your Exys most Hube Servt

James Clinton


Title: From George Washington to Major General Philemon Dickinson, 13 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Dickinson, Philemon

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Springfeild 13th June 1780

I have the pleasure of receiving yours of the 11th instant—The enemy still continue upon Elizabeth town point with their pickets advanced to the Town—The Militia assembled in a very spirited manner upon the first alarm. Their numbers at present amount to between 2500 and 3000; but as I knew it must be extremely inconvenient for so many to remain abroad, I had, last evening, a meeting with General Heard and the Feild Officers when it was determined to endeavour to keep up about 1500 and dismiss the remainder—That number I think will be sufficient to keep the present force of the enemy in check—Should they receive reinforcements and advance into the Country, we must then call out such further force as circumstances may require. I think

the mode of keeping out the number I have mentioned preferable to that of calling out the whole at once, unless there should be a certain want of their services.
I shall be very happy to see you immediately at Camp where I think the proper arrangements may be made with more precision than at Trenton. I am with great Regard Dear Sir yr &.


Title: To George Washington from Major William Galvan, 13 June 1780
From: Galvan, William
To: Washington, George

No. 3.

Sir
Cape henry [Va.] 13th June 1780.

Since my arrival at this place I am without any letter from your Excellency, the Marquis or the Ambassador.
the following is this moment transmitted me by his Excellency Governor Jefferson:
“Extract of a letter from Governor Rutledge dated Salisbury June 2d 1780.
“I think it proper to acquaint you that intelligence being received last Saturday morning at Cambden that 3900 men under Lord Cornwalis had Crossed and taken post on the North Side of Santee River about 57 miles below Cambden, and that they were to be Soon joined (as they have been Since) by 1200 more from the opposite Side of the river who were to rendezvous at that town and proceed higher up the Country, General hugher, who Commanded the North Carolina troops under General Caswell, and the Virginia Continentals under Colo. Buford, ordered them to retreat, the former to Pedee river & the latter to this place. Gl Caswell has, I understand, made good his retreat, But Co. Buford was attacked last monday on his march and totally defeated, with the loss of two field pieces, his baggage &c. Co. Porterfield thinking his force insufficient to oppose the enemy, retreated yesterday from this town and Crossed the yadkin, meaning however to return and join the Militia here if they turn out in Such Numbers as may probably be able to prevent the enemy’s getting higher up the Country.[”]
a Ship of 20 guns, a brig of 18, two Sloops and a Schooner, are constantly at the mouth of this bay, and Some of them Come every day close to the Shore under the Cape. I have about 30 men, militia and regulars, (tho’ very irregular) with which I hope, if they will remain, that I Shall be able to keep my post.
I take the liberty to beg that your Excellency will be pleased to remember me when the light Infantry is formed. I have the honour to be with the greatest respect Sir your Excellency’s most humble & most obedient servant

Galvan


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Huntington, 13 June 1780
From: Huntington, Samuel
To: Washington, George

sir,
Philadelphia June 13. 1780

By the Act of Congress of this Day herewith enclosed your Excellency will be informed that Genl Gates is ordered to take the Command in the southern Department.
This Order is in Consequence of Intelligence received via New York, that Charles Town surrendered the 12th Ulto, and the Garrison are made Prisoners. This Intelligence in Rivington’s Paper containing the Articles of Capitulation, your Excellency must doubtless have received before this Time. I have the Honour to be with very great respect & Esteem your Excelly’s most hbble servant

Sam. Huntington President


Title: To George Washington from Major Benjamin Tallmadge, 13 June 1780
From: Tallmadge, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

Sir
Wethersfield [Conn.] June 13th 1780

The inclosed from C——Senr having just come to hand, tho’ it may bring nothing new, may perhaps be of some service to Your Excellency. I have another Letter from a Person on Long Island which mentions the Enemy’s having some sudden movement in view, & most probably up the North River—I am, with great Regard, your Excellency’s most Obedt Servt

Benja. Tallmadge


Title: General Orders, 14 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters Short Hills [N.J.] Wednesday June 14th 1780
Parole Portsmouth  Countersigns L., C.—Watchword Silence

[Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Brigadier General Irvine[,] Lieutenant Colonel Sumner[,] Brigade Major Ely
A Detachment to be Paraded at twelve oClock this day with two days Provisions and forty rounds ⅌ man.
Major Parr to take the Command.

After Orders
Brigadier General Wayne will take Command of the first and Brigadier General Irvine of the second Pennsylvania Brigades.
A Surgeon or Mate from the 1st Connecticut Brigade to join the detachment under Major Parr.


Title: From George Washington to the Board of War, 14 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

Gentn
Head Qrs Springfield June 14th 1780

I was yesterday afternoon honoured with your Two Letters of the 7th & 8th Inst. In consequence of the request contained in the first I have directed Captain Bowman to repair to Philadelphia, who will have the honor of presenting this to the Board.
The Sentence against Captain Coren will be published and confirmed in General Orders; but the proceedings at present are at the Adjutant General’s Office in Morris Town.
General Knyphausen has informed me in answer to my Letter on the subject, that he did not think himself authorised to act on my proposition for mutually appointing Agents for prisoners; but that he would take the earliest occasion to transmit my Letter to Sir Henry Clinton. With respect to the Bills—his Answer is entirely silent; it being his wish I presume to leave this as well as the Other business to Sir Harry Clinton’s determination.
Captn Bowman has in charge a Captn Joel who has just come from New York—& who pretends to have left the British Army in disgust. I can not determine whether this is true or false; but I can not but view him with an eye of suspicion. I think it necessary at least in the present conjuncture of things, that he should be safely kept—and I wish the Board to have him so confined as to prevent him any opportunity of escaping, if it should be his intention; at the same time, that he may be comfortably used, and not treated with any degree of rigor or disrespect till they hear further from me. The Board will be pleased to permit Captn Bowman to return to his Regiment as soon as they can, as he is said to be a very brave & active Officer.
The Enemy still remain out with all the force they can possibly draw from New York and their other posts—and confine themselves to Elizabeth Town point; advancing parties into the North part of the Town. I have the Honor to be with great respect & esteem Gentn Yr Most Obedt st

G.W.


Title: From George Washington to James Bowdoin, 14 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Bowdoin, James

Dr Sir
Head qrs Springfield in Jersey, June 14. 1780

I have received Your Two favors of the 29th & 31st of last Month, with the plan referred to, and have to return You my warmest thanks for the same & for your very kind & polite attention to my request. The plan & table of reference are very intelligible and satisfactory—and convey a clear idea of many points, about which I was uninformed before. These may be of great use—and from the manner and the person, the accounts were obtained with respect to the Fortifications, I have no doubt of their accuracy as to these, at the time to which they relate. The place appears to be very strong & to have had much attention paid to it’s security latterly. I am in hopes from the measures General Heath has taken, that he will be able to procure intelligence of it’s improvements and force to a late period.
With respect to Charles Town—although I have received no Official advices of it on our part—the loss of it seems placed beyond doubt. The Articles of Capitulation are published in a York Gazette Extraordinary by Authority, which were signed the 12 of May, with all the preliminary negotiations between the Commanders. The Garrison, at least the part denominated Continental, are prisoners of War. This is a severe blow; but not such as will ruin us, if we exert ourselves virtuously and as we are able. Something like it seems to have been necessary, to rouse us from the more than thrice unaccountable state of security in which we

were sunk. Heaven Grant the blow may have this effect. If it should, the misfortune may prove a benefit and the means of saving us.
On Tuesday night the Enemy landed at Elizabeth Town point, with all the force they could draw from New York & it’s dependencies under the command of General Knyphausen, and proceeded the next morning into the Country about Seven miles, within half a mile of this place. At night they retired to the point of debarkation, where they have remained ever since. In their advance they were most spiritedly opposed by the Jersey Troops who lay in the Neighbourhood—and by such of the Militia as had an opportunity from their situation and the suddenness of the occasion, to turn out; and there is reason to believe they were a good deal galled. Brigadier Genl Stirling, it seems from good authority, was wounded in the thigh by our picket soon after they debarked. This movement of the Enemy brought the Army to this post on Wednesday last. The cause which justifies this Insulting manuvre on their part, most deeply affects the honor of the States—a vindication of which could not be attempted in the present situation of the Army, without most eminently hazarding their security—at least so far as it might depend upon the safety of the latter. Such is our weak—diminished condition. Our character—our interest—our all that is dear demand, that the States should without the least delay, fill their Battallions according to their established complement. If this is not done, we cannot cooperate with the force so generously coming from our Ally on any large scale—and may, however flattering our views of success may be thought by many, easily become a ruined and an undone people. You can not, My Dear Sir, render a more essential service to your Country, than to promote as far as it may be in your power, this desireable and all interesting work. I have the Honor to be with very sincere respect & regard Yr most Obedt st

Go: Washington

P.S. The Enemy burnt a Meeting House and several Dwelling Houses & Barnes. They lost about Forty prisoners. We have suffered but very inconsiderably in this affair; and I have the pleasure to add that the Militia never turned out with greater spirit, than on this occasion.


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 15 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

Dr Sir
⟨Hd Qrs Springfield June 15, 1780⟩

I have ⟨the honor to inclose Your⟩ Excellency the copy of ⟨a letter which I wrote⟩ the 10th to the Lieutenant ⟨Governor of your⟩ State, and the Duplicate of ⟨another transmitted⟩ in that for Brigadier General ⟨Clinton—⟩The appearances here indicate ⟨more and more⟩ a serious design and increase ⟨my apprehensions⟩ for West point. I am therefor⟨e infinitely⟩ anxious that the New York ⟨Brigade should⟩ as speedily as possible reinfor⟨ce that⟩ post, unless Objects equally pressing a⟨nd important⟩ demand their assistance on the frontie⟨r. Your⟩ Excellency knows the immense valu⟨e of West⟩ point, and will determine as exig⟨encies⟩ may require.
I have directed Major General H⟨owe⟩ in case his force does not amount to ⟨a⟩ number sufficient for completely ma⟨ning⟩ all the Works—to apply to You for such ⟨a⟩ number of Militia as will make up the deficiency ’till the arrival of the New York Brigade. I entreat your

E⟨xcelle⟩ncy to comply with his request. I have the Honor to be with the greatest respect & regard Yr Excellencys Most Obedt st

Go: Washington

P.S. I request the favor of you to give General ⟨Howe such aid of transportation or otherwise as he may stand in need of for supplying the garrison⟩.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 15 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

Dr Sir,
Hd Qrs Springfield June 15. 1780

The enemy still remain here and every thing indicates that they have some serious enterprise in view—My suspicions for the North River still continue and rather increase. It is some time since I have had a return of your garrison therefore I cannot judge precisely of your force; but if you have not Two thousand five hundred rank and file fit for action, you will be pleased immediately to apply to Governor Clinton for Militia to complete you to that number. Not knowing with certainty the state of things on the Northe[r]n frontier, I have not thought it adviseable to give a positive order for Clinton’s return; But I have written to the Governor in such a spirit that if his presence above should not be indispensable, he will certainly reinforce you as speedily as possible—When this event takes place, you will dismiss the Militia.
In my letter of the 10th inst. I urged you to collect all your force to the immediate defence of the Posts (West Point and its dependencies). I hope it will be done before this reaches you, but if any part of your force remains divided, you will instantly call it in, and keep yourself compact whatever temptations may be thrown out to induce you to detach.
If the enemy’s designs should be against this army—you may be useful to us by making a demonstration in your quarter. I would therefore have you to collect a number of boats at West Point sufficient for two thousand men—to put the garrison under moving orders with three days provisions—to circulate ideas of having the militia ready for a sudden call apply to Govr Trumball for the advance of the Connt State Regiments and to take such other steps, as may make a noise (without overdoing the matter) and giving the enemy some alarm.
You can also send in —— or some emissary ⟨to⟩ New York with these

particulars so colored as to give them the greatest likelihood of making the desired impression. You may instruct him to tell the enemy that He was sent in to find out the general state and disposition of the force on the Island of New York, but that his inquiries were more particularly to be directed to the Magazines at Fort Washington and other places accessible to the water.
If any movements of the enemy should come to your knowlege which announce an immediate attempt upon your post, you will give notice to the Governor of Connecticut and solicit succour from that state. I am with great regard D. Sir yr most Obedt ser.

P.S. I have requested Governor Clinton to give you such aid of transportation &c. as you may stand in need of for supplying the garrison I have desired General McDougall to join you without delay.


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Huntington, 15 June 1780
From: Huntington, Samuel
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia June 15. 1780

Your Excellency will receive enclosed an Act of Congress of the 12th Instant, containing Instructions to the Committee at Head Quarters respecting the Issues of Forage and Provisions.
Also another Act of the 14th Instant relating to Genl Gates his Command in the southern Department.
The last Evening Colo. Ternant arrived with Despatches from Genl Lincoln containing a particular Account of the Siege and Surrender of Charles Town, which will soon be forwarded to your Excellency.
General Lincoln is daily expected here in Person. I have the Honour to be with the highest respect & Esteem your Excelly’s most hbble servt

Sam. Huntington President


Title: To George Washington from Major Henry Lee, Jr., 15 June 1780
From: Lee, Henry Jr.
To: Washington, George

sir.
Livingston farm Thursday morng [15 June 1780]

The enemy remain in peace in their old position—Should any appearance of motion take place I will dispatch a dragoon with the intelligence.
The post I am now at in charge of a subaltern & party was in peril last night from the desertion of the troops—Two left us out of fifteen. I very much apprehend disagreeable consequences from this spirit of infidelity. Pity it is that a corps of faithful troops could not be ever kept on the advanced post. I have the honor to be most affy Your Excelys Obt sert

Henry Lee Junr


Title: To George Washington from Major General Steuben, 15 June 1780
From: Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, baron von
To: Washington, George

Sir
Springfield 15th June 1780

I have the honor to inclose your Excellency a Letter from Major Lee by which you will perceive that two Men had deserted from the first Post he visited this morning & perhaps others will be found gone from the other Posts.
I was utterly unacquainted with your Excellencys intentions of releiving Major Gibbs or I should have represented the necessity of keeping Those Troops on the Lines who could be depended on.
Inclosed I send the Disposition of the Troops under my Orders. I have the honor to be Your Excellencys most Obed. Servant

steuben


Title: From George Washington to Major General Steuben, 15 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, baron von

Dear Baron
Head Quarters Springfeild 15th June 1780

I shall ride up to Morris Town this morning and return in the evening. Should you communicate an alarm to the Camp by the firing of your peice of Cannon, I shall direct it to be repeated by the signal Gun at Chatham, by which means it will reach me immediately—You very well know the inconveniencies of giving the Country a false Alarm, and am persuaded you will not, on that account, take up any but a well grounded intelligence of the advance of the enemy in force.
The principal part of the Men under the command of Major Gibbs had been drawn at a short notice from the line, and were not provided for remaining any length of time from their Corps—I withdrew them

upon the representation of the Officers to whom they properly belong—If none of them deserted, it was more owing to chance than any thing else, for they are of the same composition (except a few of the Majors own command) as those which have releived them. I am with great Regard Yr most obt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to the Board of War, 16 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

Gentlemen
Head Quarters [Springfield] June 16. 1780

I am honored with your letters of the 12th and 13th. I am much obliged to you for the step you took respecting the city-horse; their services here at this juncture will be extremely useful. I write to His Excellency the President requesting they may be sent forward.
I shall have no objection to Lt. Col. Conolly’s having the indulgence he asks though I should wish his going in to be postponed ’till affairs here have come to some kind of issue—I shall do myself the honor to inform the Board when this is the case. With the greatest respect I have the honor to be Gentlemen Your most Obed. hume servant

G. W——n

P.s. Several Marine Prisone[r]s Paroled & exchanged have lately been sent from Philadelphia on their way to New York in a very irregular manner. They have come without conductors and the first thing we have heard of them was that they were in the midst of our Camp. This may be attended with many inconveniences. I do not know under whose directions the marine Prisoners are, but I should be glad the Board would take measures to have the matter rectified—The Prisoners should be halted at a distance from the Army and notice sent of their approach.


Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 16 June 1780 [letter not found]
From: Clinton, George
To: Washington, George

  Letter not found: from George Clinton, 16 June 1780. On 17 June, Clinton wrote GW: “On the 16th Instant I did myself the Honor of writing to your Excellency.”


Title: To George Washington from James Henry, 16 June 1780
From: Henry, James
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philada June 16th 1780

permit me to intrude upon your more important avocations, for a moment, and to inclose to you a Copy of a letter from Col. Buford to the Virga assembly, which your Friend Col. B. Harrison, has requested me to forward to you.
I wish I could send you better tidings; but ’tis necessary to know the danger, to enable us to make more effectual preparations to avert it. With every wish for your Safety and Success, I beg leave to Subscribe my self Sir Your most obedt servt

Jas Henry


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 16 June 1780
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Highlands [N.Y.] 16th June 1780

your Excellency’s Favor of the 10th Instant has come to Hand—previous to which I had taken Methods to learn what the Enemy meant, & the Intelligence I got led me to think that this Post was ultimately their Aim. I was inform’d that they set out with a View to drive you if possible, & from the diminutive Idea they had of your Force they made no Doubt of effecting it, & that as they made themselves certain you would fly before them, your Park of Artillery & all your Stores would most certainly have become their Prey—that their next Object would be this Post, which in the reduced State of our Battalions they considered as an easy Conquest—& if ⟨o⟩btain’d they thought of the most capital Importance—that if they were sucessful against you they would proceed without Reinforcements, & if not that they would keep you employ’d, & the Troops from Charle’s Town proceed, without Halting, to this Place—This tho’ an Account taken from the Talk of Officers, & others perhaps not much in the Secret, yet wears the Aspect of Probability—& as all Schemes upon a great Scale, however cautious a Commander may be, transpire, I have little Doubt that the Fact was so.
I am confidently inform’d by an Emissary who never deceived me that very heavy Battering Cannon, with a Number of Mortars with their requisite Stores, with entrenching Tools, Platforms ready to be put together, & all the necessary Apparatus for a Siege or Field Service were embarked & kept ready for Occasional Service. From Long Island I hear, that many of the Stationary Troops, hitherto not meddled with, are call’d over, & that a Number of Waggon Horses have been impress’d.
I have desired Col. Hay to remove the Stores at Fish Kill to the Landing, & to have Vessels ready to transport them either to Places of Offence, or Security, as Occasion may require—They can as I am informed be stored with equal Convenience near the Water, & they would greatly embarras us were they to be removed when the Enemy were approaching.
I instantly sent off for the Horse you Ordered up to you, tho’ I lament to part with them, as this Department requires them so much.
The deplorable weak State of our Troops at this Post induces me ardently to wish the Arrival of the New york Brigade, which I am sorry to add are essentially necessary. I am Dear Sir With the most unfeign’d Respect your Excellency’s most obedient Servant

Robert Howe


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 16 June 1780
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Highlands [N.Y.] 16th June 1780

your Excellency’s Favor of the 15th arrived this Moment—I the Day before yesterday acquainted Governor Clinton with the Situation of this Post—the Aspect Things wore, & suggested to him the Necessity of warning the Militia to be ready on the shortest Notice, & lamented the Absence of the New York Brigade in such Terms as could not I think but contribute to induce his remanding them unless absolute Necessity forbid it—which I can not believe can be the Case, for I know of nothing that can happen that Way which ought to be put in Competition with what may happen here—I had also called the Detachments within supporting Distance, but they shall immediately be brought nearer still (near Enough) your Excellency may depend. The Details being much inferior to the Standard you point out they should be at, I shall write as you direct to bring up the Aid you desire me to apply for. Emissaries have been already detach’d to impress the Idea you speak of, & Orders Issued & Steps taken pretty similar to those you direct—they shall be repeated, & every Thing mention’d by you, not yet done, be immediately put in Execution. A punctual Observance of your Excellency’s Directions shall be the Rule of my Conduct—the obtaining your Approbation, & serving my Country has been, & ever will be the first Wish of my Heart. I am my Dear General with the warmest Sentiments of Esteem & Affection, & with the greatest Respect your Excellency’s most obedient Humble Servant

R. Howe


Title: From George Washington to Joseph Reed, 16 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Reed, Joseph

Dr Sir
Head Quarters [Springfield] June 16th 80

The Board of War having informed me, that the city-light horse were held in readiness to march to the army, whenever I should signify the necessity of their services—I am to inform your Excellency, that in the present posture of things, they would be of very great utility, and therefore I should be glad, they might march as speedily as convenient. If they ⟨come⟩ I hope they will be able to remain with us, three or four weeks. They may depend on not being detained a day longer than the exigency of service requires. I have the honor to be With the truest esteem & regard Your Excellency’s Most Obedt servant

Go: Washington

P.S. I entreat Your Excellency to hasten the drafts intended for your regiments to Camp without delay—Our situation is now truly delicate; but if Sir Henry Clinton arrives, who is momently expected, and we are not reinforced the worst consequences are to be apprehended.

G. W——n


Title: General Orders, 17 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters Short Hills [N.J.] Saturday June 17th 1780
Parole Lebanon  Countersigns B: U.Watchword Hark!

[Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Colonel Chambers[,] Lieutenant Colonel Hay. Brigade Major Van Lear
The General Court martial whereof Colonel Meigs is President to assemble at the old house immediately for the trial of such persons as shall come before them; if any of the old Members are absent new ones are to be appointed in their room. Each brigade to furnish the

following members; 1st and 2d Pennsylvania one Captain two Subalterns: Hand’s two Captains; Stark’s one Sub. 1st and 2nd Connecticut two Captains and one subaltern.
Colonel Meigs will appoint an officer to act as Judge Advocate for the Court; Each Division to send an orderly Serjeant to the Court.
As stripping bark of Trees indiscriminately greatly destroys Timber and of course is of great prejudice to the proprietors who are well disposed to accomodate the Troops whenever they can The General directs that no more Bark be got in the way lately practis’d on any pretence whatever, but that each Brigade send a Waggon or two with a fatigue Party to Mr Timothy Whitehead in the rear of General Stark’s brigade who will point out Timber which will afford bark and without Injury to the Owners.


Title: To George Washington from the Board of War, 17 June 1780
From: Board of War
To: Washington, George

Sir,
War-Office [Philadelphia] June 17. 1780

We do ourselves the honour to inclose you a letter from the board to Major General Howe at West Point, relative to the provisions to be thrown into that post. We submit it to your Excellency’s inspection; and if you judge it necessary, you will be pleased to alter or add to our instructions on the subject. We subjoined a direction concerning the stores at the post not wanted for immediate use in the defence of the same, relative to which you will be pleased to give such farther orders as you think requisite. The 500 barrels of flour to be sent to West Point by the associators in this city we expect will go from hence to-day or to morrow, & will be transported from Trenton by waggons independent of those in the public employ. We have the honour to be, with the greatest respect, your Excellency’s most obedient servants.

Tim. Pickering by order


Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 17 June 1780
From: Clinton, George
To: Washington, George

Dr sir,
Poghkeepsie [N.Y.] 17th June. 1780.

I am this Moment favoured with your Excellencys Dispatches of the 15th Instant, accompanied by a Letter from Major Genl Howe, in consequence of which I have Ordered a detachment of 800 of the Militia of this State most contiguous to the posts in the Highlands to March and join him with the utmost expedition—I have also Issued a General Impress Warrant to Collo. Hay for all the Teams in Dutchess, Ulster, the North end of Orange and in the Mannor of Livingston in Albany County, for forwarding the necessary supplies of provision and removing the public Stores if Necessary.
Your Excellencys Letter of the 10th Instant addressed to Lieut. Govr Cortlandt was handed to me on the 12th and the Orders which it inclosed to Brigr Genl Clinton was immediately forwarded to him by Express with directions to make every possible exertion to accellerate the March of his Brigade to West point, (Gaansevoorts Regiment which was detached as an escort to provision for Fort Schuyler excepted until that service should be performed.).
On the 16th Instant I did myself the Honor of writing to your Excellency, informing of the above and inclosing a Copy of a Letter from my Brother dated the 14th acknowledging the receipt of your Excellencys Orders &ca, I have only to add that I was yesterday informed (tho not Officially) by a Gentleman that left Albany the Day before that every effort was making to expedite the March of Genl Clintons Brigade to West Point and that even Gaansevoorts Regt which was at the greatest distance was expected to arive at Schenectady last night. I have the Honor to be with the Most perfect Respect and Esteem, Dr sir, Your most Obedient servant

Geo: Clinton

P.S. I mean to return to Kingston on Monday.


Title: General Orders, 18 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters Short Hills [N.J.] Sunday June 18th 1780
Parole Vandalia  Countersigns Worms VanWatchword Watch

[Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Colonel Johnston[,] Lieutenant Colonel Sill[,] Brigade Major Church
As it is at all times of great importance both for the sake of appearance and for the regularity of service that the different military ranks should be distinguished from each other and more especially at present.
The Commander in Chief has thought proper to establish the following distinctions and strongly recommends it to all the Officers to endeavor to Conform to them as speedily as possible.
The Major Generals to wear a blue coat with Buff facings and lining—yellow buttons—white or buff under cloaths two Epaulets, with two stars upon each and a black and White Feather in the Hat.
The Brigadier Generals the same uniform as the Major Generals with the difference of one Star instead of two and a White feather.
The Colonels Lieutenant Colonels and Majors the uniforms of their regiments and two Epaulettes.
The Captains; the uniforms of their regiments and an Epaulette on the right shoulder.
The Subalterns—the uniform of their regiment and an Epaulette on the Left Shoulder.
The Aides de Camp the uniforms of their ranks and Corps, or if they belong to no Corps, of their General officers: Those of the Major Generals and Brigadier Generals to have a green feather in the Hat; Those of the Commander in Chief a White & green.
The Inspectors as well Sub as Brigade—the Uniforms of their ranks and Corps with a blue feather in the Hat.

The Corps of Engineers and that of Sappers and Miners; a blue coat with buff facings, red lining, buff undercloaths and the epaulettes of their respective ranks.
Such of the Staff as have military rank to wear the uniform of their ranks and of the Corps to which they belong in the line—such, as have no military rank To wear plain Coats with, a Cockade and Sword.
All officers as well Warrant as Commission’d to wear a Cockade and side arms either a sword or genteel Bayonet.
The General recommends it to the officers as far as practicable to provide themselves with the uniforms prescribed for their respective Corps by the regulation of [ ] published in General Orders the 2nd of October last.
All officers and others who draw Horses from the Public for special purposes or for a limited time are requir’d to be punctual in returning them after the service is performed or at the expiration of the Time prescribed or they will be answerable for the detention.
The Captains of Artillery hitherto allowed Horses in particular Cases from the Public, are immediately to give up all such as are in their Possession to the Quarter master General: The Exigency of the Service requires it.
The Drummers and Fifers ’till further orders are to practise between the Hours of Nine and eleven in the morning and of four and six in the afternoon.
A Field Return of the officers noncommissioned officers and privates “Fit for Action” to be delivered in at six oClock this afternoon.
A Return of the Killed wounded and missing since the 6th Instant to be delivered in tomorrow morning at Guard mounting.

After Orders
At a General Court martial of the Line whereof Colonel Meigs is President held this day: John Clawson Ludwick Lasick and William Hutchinson were tried on the following charge “Coming out from the Enemy with Arms and found lurking as spies in the Vicinity of the Army of the United States” By the Judgement of the Court found Guilty and severally sentenced (more than two thirds of the Court agreeing) to suffer Death.
The Commander in Chief confirms the sentence and orders them to be hanged tomorrow morning at Guard mounting.
No Officer or Private soldier to be absent from his Quarters this Night.


Title: From George Washington to Azariah Dunham, 18 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Dunham, Azariah

Sir
Head Quarters Springfeild 18th June 1780

The inclosed Memorandum was put into my hands a few days ago by Genl Forman—By this you will perceive that there are several thousand Bushels of Indian Meal in the County of Monmouth belonging to the public, in the greatest danger of spoiling if it is not already damaged. I must request you to fall upon the most expeditious method of having what is fit for use brought to Morris Town. I am Sir yr most obt Servt.


Title: From George Washington to Moore Furman, 18 June 1780 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Furman, Moore

Letter not found: to Moore Furman, 18 June 1780. The letter (Mss. no. 5752) was reported as missing from the collections of Nj-Ar in August 1987.


Title: From George Washington to Major Caleb Gibbs, 18 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Gibbs, Caleb

Dr Gibbs,
Camp near Springfield 18th June 1780.

A Trunk of mine No. 4 (which the inclosed Key will open) is not more than half filled. I intended to have compleated the package with my Bed blankets, but on enquiry, found they had been sent down to the Marquis (which I am sorry for, as I hardly expect to see them again, or much dirtied if I do). Under these circumstances I wish you to fill the Trunk No. 4 with the best of those blankets which were drawn from the public stores as well for the purpose of preventing injury from the loose state they are now in, as to secure some covering for me against the Winter—The remainder of those Blankets I would also have detained subject to my order only as there may be in the course of the Campaign & our intercourse with our allies, occasion for them.
Pray send us (if it is not already done) such things as are necessary for our tolerable comfort, & convenience at this place, & nothing more. The rest to be in Waggons. With much esteem & regard—I am Dr Gibbs Yrs

Go: Washington

Write again to Cheever abt the Plates—& to Phila. for what things are wanted.
If my Watch which was sent to Mr Washington is done, pray let it—& the Chain which is in the hands of Colo. Blaine be sent to me by a careful hand.
The Pipe of ⟨spiri⟩ts you recd the other day is a p⟨resent⟩ to me from Mr R. Morris & oth⟨ers⟩ ⟨mutilated⟩ be very fine.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Nathanael Greene, 18 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

Dr Sir,
Head Qrs [Springfield] June 18th 1780

The inclosed from Genl Forman is this instant came to hand. there are by information—from Genl Schuyler—1700 Barrls of flour at Trenton. Use every possible means to hurry it on to the North River and to get this Army in a moving condition. The General (& ind[ee]d other) Officers at Morris Town will not fail being in Camp this Afternoon.
My Letters to Genl Howe & Govr Trumbull are left open for your perusal after which Seal & forward them with the utmost expedition by your established expresses (if they are fixed) or some others if they are not—positive orders should be given to ride Night & day. I am sincerely & affectly Yrs

Go: Washington

P.S. If there are Stores in any of the Departmts wch yet require to be removed let no time be lost ⟨in doing it⟩.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 18 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

Dr Sir,
Hd Qrs Springfield June 18th 1780

I inclose you a letter from General Foreman which I have this moment received. He is intirely to be depended on. There can be no doubt that this is Sir Henry Clinton from the Southward. All your exertions are necessary to be prepared for defence. Urge the application recommended to you in mine of the —— instant to Governor Clinton for a succour of militia to make up your garrison to Two thousand five hundred efficient men or more if circumstances should require it. Address a second request to the Governor of Connecticut to press forward to your aid the

state regiments, and include the drafts for their batalions which you can detain ’till further order. Write also to The Council of Massachusettes entreating them to hasten on the reinforcements intended for their batalions—Put every thing in activity as far as may be in your power and be well upon your guard. The movements of the enemy will probably be rapid and a correspondent spirit of energy should animate our efforts. I am with the greatest regard—Your most Obedient servant

G. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 18 June 1780
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Highlands [N.Y.] 18th June 1780

Six of the Enemy’s Ships are in View of Verplank’s—two of them, one a Frigate, near Tallow’s Point. These may either be the Harbingers of more, or they may mean to divert you—To Morrow will probably determine the Matter here—with your Excellency it may be determin’d already. The Enemy drew near the Shore at Sing Sing & kept up a considerable Cannonade either at a Lookout Party of mine, or to clear the Coast in Order to land Men.
Stony & Verplank’s Points are in a very tolerable State of Defence—the Garrisons of each equal to their Extent—they must therefore, and were I imagine intended if attacked very forcibly to be left to themselves, & from the Officers commanding them will I am persuaded be sold dearly, if sold at all.
Supplies are coming on & I hope will arrive in Time—Flour from your Quarter would however be acceptable.
I have Hopes this Post will do its Duty, & the Enemy be made to repent their Attempts upon it. General McDougal arrived yesterday, & is now with us. With the greatest Respect I am, Dear Sir your Excellency’s very Humble Servant

R: Howe


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 18 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

Sir
Head Quarters Springfeild 18th June 1780

Since I had the honor of writing to Congress last, the enemy have preserved their position at Elizabeth Town point, without enterprising any thing against us. They have erected three little Works, and have been, for some days past, employed in building a Bridge of Boats across the Sound to Staten Island. Our weakness—their extreme caution and the compact situation in which they have kept themselves have put it out of our power to attempt any thing worth mentioning.
I have just received a letter from General Forman, of which the inclosed is a Copy—There can be no doubt that the Fleet he mentions is Sir Henry Clinton returning from the Southward. A very alarming scene may shortly open, and it will be happy for us, if we can steer clear of some serious misfortune in this quarter. I hope the period is not arrived that will convince the different States, by fatal experience, that some of them have mistaken the true situation of this Country. I flatter myself, however, that we may still retreive our affairs, if we have but a just sense of them, and are actuated by a spirit of liberal policy and exertion, equal to the emergency. Could we once see this spirit generally prevailing, I should not despair of a prosperous issue to the Campaign. But there is no time to be lost—The danger is imminent and pressing—The obstacles to be surmounted are great and numerous—and our efforts must be instant, unreserved and universal—Congress, I am fully persuaded, will promote them with all their influence and authority.
I beg leave to intreat Congress to urge the State of Pennsylvania to forward the drafts, they have already made, to the Army, without a moments delay—to extend the measure as speedily as possible to the completion of their Battalions—to redouble their exertions for procuring supplies of provisions and furnishing the means of transportation. Among other essential wants—we want an immediate supply of a large

number of Waggons to move the Army with its Baggage and Stores, and to forward provision to the North River. I also intreat Congress, to interpose their effectual countenance and support with the different States, to carry into execution all the measures recommended by the Committee, respecting the intended co-operation. Mutual confidence—harmony of views and mutual exertion are essential to our safety in this perilous and embarassing conjuncture.
It is a lamentable consideration, that not a single draft has yet joined the Army, nor have we rec⟨eiv⟩ed two hundred Recruits from all the States East of Maryland—and here we are in the middle of June.
The want of information from the Southward proves the indispensability of taking effectual measures to establish a secure and expeditious communication between those States and us. It is of the greatest importance to our general operations. I have the honor to be with perfect Respect and Esteem Your Excellency’s most obt Servt

Go: Washington

P.S. Since writing the above, I have received a Report from Major Lee containing the following paragraph “I hear from the best authority that a Fleet has arrived from Charlestown with 4000 Men, my informant declares he saw Admiral Arbuthnot himself at the point last Evening.”
I have just recd the inclosed Hand Bill from New york, which I very much fear indicates the loss of the Cannon and Baggage which General Woodford left in his Rear.


Title: From George Washington to William Livingston, 18 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, William

Dr Sir
Head Qrs Springfield June 18. 1780

I have received advice which appears to be direct, that the Legislature of this State has determined on a draft from the Militia to serve for the Campaign under their own Officers, instead of b⟨eing⟩ incorporated with their Continental batallions. This mode if adopted, will be attended with so many inconveniencies, if followed by the States in general, will be so absolutely pernicious to all the prospects of the campaign—that I cannot forbear taking the liberty to send Brigadier General Knox to represent on my part the ill consequences of the measure, and the superiour advantages of the plan recommended in preference. I entreat Your Excellency to procure him the honor of a conference with the Legislature for this purpose. The crisis is so delicate and important—the honor and interest of these States so essentially depend on a judicious and vigorous exertion of our resources at this juncture—that I cannot but manifest my anxiety when I see any measures in agitation that threaten the disappointment of our hopes, and take every step in my power to prevent thei⟨r⟩ being carried into execution. In milita⟨ry⟩ questions the Officers of the Arm⟨y⟩ have a right to flatter themselves the⟨ir⟩ Country will place some confidence in their experience and judgemen⟨t⟩ and it is the policy of every wise n⟨ation⟩ to do it. I cannot doubt that on reconsideration, the zeal and wisdom which have distinguished the Councils of this State will embrace what the true interest of America on this occasion de⟨man⟩ds. I have the Honor to be with every sentiment of respect & esteem Yr Excellency’s Most Obedt & Hbl. servant

Go: Washington

P.S. Since writing the above, I have received a Letter from General Forman, dated at 11 OClock last night, of which the following is an Extract.
“yesterday afternoon three Frigates arrived within Sandy Hook. In the Evening a fourth Ship of War run in. The Tory report of this day is, that Admiral Arbuthnot was on board. This afternoon a large Fleet appeared standing for Sandy Hook. The air my Intelligencer says, was too foggy for good observation; but that before Sun down he counted

Sixty five sail of Ships of War & Transports distinctly—and saw a number more in the Offing. That immediately they run within the Hook as they arrived.”
From the great probability of the event, besides the unequivocal manner in which it is related, I have no doubt that a Fleet has arrived, and that it is Sir Harry Clinton from the Southward. The information I had received from New york before was, that he was daily expected. It is probable from this event and the consequent measures which must be taken on our part, that I shall not have it in my power to send General Knox to wait on the Legislature as I intended. I will therefore take the liberty to give my opinion without reserve, that the Legislature cannot so essentially promote the operations of the Campaign, as by complying literally wi⟨th the⟩ requisition of the Committee of Congress f⟨or⟩ filling their Batallions without a mom⟨ents⟩ loss of time, to their established complement ⟨of⟩ Five hundred & four rank & file and forwarding them to join the Brigade. The advan⟨tages⟩ which will be derived from the Drafts, if they ⟨are⟩ not incorporated in the regular Regiments ⟨of the⟩ State, will be but comparatively small to ⟨what⟩ they otherwise would be; and the Regiment⟨s themselves⟩ without they are made respectable in th⟨is way,⟩ will contribute but very little to our stre⟨ngth.⟩ Their present condition is absolutely oppos⟨ed to all⟩ military arrangements. From the arri⟨val of⟩ Sir Henry Clinton, with a powerful addit⟨ional⟩ force—to one already superiour to what ⟨we⟩ have—we must in all human probab⟨ility, be⟩ precipitated into the most embarrassing circumstances. The exertions of the States canno⟨t⟩ be too instant & immediate to give us succour; and the succour they do give should be disposed of in a way that will make it the most benefi⟨cial⟩ Besides the Drafts being of infinitely less advantage if formed into New Corps—the measure would greatly increase our expence (a point of immense consequence and which whenever possible sho⟨uld⟩ be avoided) from the appointments of Sundry Officers. I have the Honor to be with the wa⟨mutilated⟩ esteem & respect yr Excellency’s most Obedt sert

Go: Washington

P:S. Genl Knyphausen remains with his force at Elizabeth Town point.


Title: To George Washington from William Livingston, 18 June 1780
From: Livingston, William
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Trenton [N.J.] 18 June 1780

I have the following Intelligence from Black point which I suppose may be depended upon that Admiral Arbuthnot & three frigates arrived at the hook the day before yesterday—yesterday about 65 sail more, & great part within the Hook.
I just now have the pleasure of dining with Mrs Washington at Col. Cox’s—and have the Honour to be with the greatest respect Dr Sir your Excellency’s most humble ser.

Wil: Livingston


Title: From George Washington to John Mitchell, 18 June 1780 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Mitchell, John

  Letter not found: to John Mitchell, 18 June 1780. On 26 June, Mitchell wrote GW: “Your Excellency’s favor of the 18th Instant, did not come to hand before the 23d Instant.”


Title: From George Washington to Captain William Reily, 18 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Reily, William

Sir
Head qrs Springfield June 18: 1780.

I have received your Letter of the 17th Instant to Mr Harrison—and You will find inclosed an order for such Men of the Maryland line as

may be in the provost Guard: and also for one, who is with Mr Ludnick, the Baker. When You have got these, You will proceed with the whole of the party under your command, to Trentown, where the Men with an Officer will embark and go down the River to Wilmington in a Vessel or Vessels to be provided by the Quarter Ma[s]ter at the former place on your application. after you arrive at Trentown & have put matters in train for the party’s proceeding—You will go on yourself to philadelphia & inform the Honourable the Board of War, of your command and of the orders You have received, who will give such directions as they may think necessary—with respect to your further destination and will order Vessels to be provided at the Head of Elk to take yourself [and] party down the Bay. None of your Men should be permitted to land at philadelphia, unless it should be ordered by the Honourable Board of War—and those with Colo. Nichola should be joined to them. With respect to the Cloathing which the party wants—it cannot be supplied here. You will therefore make out a Return of the Articles and present it to the Board of War, who will order them to be furnished at philadelphia.
I have inclosed an Order on the quarter Master General at Morris Town for a Horse, which You will deliver to the Quarter Master at Philadelphia. I am Sir Yr Most Obedt Sert

G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Philip Schuyler, 18 June 1780
From: Schuyler, Philip
To: Washington, George

My Dear Sir
Philadelphia June 18th 1780

On my way hither I found at Trenton fifteen hundred Barrels of flour and learnt two hundred more were at Borden town, the whole detained for want of Carriages. I requested an audience of both branches of the legislature which they readily Granted, urged the necessity of their Immediate attention to provide the means of transporting the flour to the army, Kings ferry or New windsor, and to procure whatever they could within the State and to forward It without delay: I dwelt on the danger the states were exposed to from the greatly reduced State of the Army, pointed at the Extra-expence Occassioned by the necessity of frequently drawing to and detaining the Militia in the field, Observed how heavy that service must Inevitably fall on the States In the vicinity of the Enemys main post unless the Army was Effectually and Speedily reinforced, Remarked that altho we had abundant resources yet If every state would depend that others should take the lead nothing would be done and ruin to all must be the Consequence; and added every argument which occured to Impel them to Instantanous Exertion. I obtained Explicit promises that they would without a moments delay procure Carriages to Convey the flour ⟨illegible⟩ as I had requested. that they would take measures to Collect all that could possibly be spared from the Inhabitants, which they apprehended was not any Considerable quantity. That the Completion of their line would Claim their unremitted Attention—And that they would In every Instance and with great alacrity Comply with the requisitions which had been made of them, as far as they were in condition to furnish the Supplies. On my arrival here I waited on Mr President Reed and entered into a full and minute disscussion of our Affairs, and decidedly declared, that unless the States paid Stricter Attention to the requisitions of Congress than

had hitherto been done by any of them, and furnished the Supplies allotted to them to provide that the Contest could not be maintained, that disgrace and ruin must Ensue. he appeared Alarmed, promised Every thing should be done that depended on him, but I could not draw forth any Assurances that the requisitions made from this State would be complied with. Indeed I fear we shall not receive them, I mean thro the Authority of the State—The Merchants are however roused Mr Robert Morris is at the head of an Association for the purpose of furnishi[n]g the Army with three Millions of rations, for which the public is to reimburse them assoon as their finances will admit. They have yesterday sent on five hundred barrels of Flour which is to be transported by Carriages to be hired by Mr Meredith and another Gentlemen from trenton to Kings Ferry or Windsor. Reflecting how Exceedingly your Excellency is pressed with business I have taken the liberty to advise the board of war to desire Gen: Howe to keep a number of boats constantly at Kings Ferry to Convey the flour from thence as fast as It arrives, and that the Officer commanding at that post Should turn the Carriages by Ring wood to Windsor If the approach of an Enemy should render the rout to Kings ferry unsafe.
Congress who are eternally penelopyzing have directed that no Corn Should be sent to this Quarter from Virginia, unless the Governor of that State Judges that It can be spared from the Southern army. I have Observed to the Virginia Gentlemen now here that In the present Scarcity of forrage to the Northward, and which will Increase until the Rye harvest It will be Impracticable to put any Considerable army In motion, unless Virginia Sends us Sixty thousand Bushells, they have promised to recommend It to Governor Jefferson.
Gen: Gates is directed by Congress to take the Command to the Southward—The Enemy have penetrated Into North Carolina where they fell on Colo: Beaufort with the remainder of the Virginia Line which they have dispersed or cut to pieces, a[d]vices say only Seven have Escaped of which the Colonel is one The Militia men collecting in Virginia & North Carolina are moving on to Join Gen: De Kalb.
Permitt me to Intreat the favor of one of the Gentlemen to forward the Inclosed. I beg my respects to all of them. I am Dear Sir Most Affectionately and Sincerely Your Excellencys Obedient Servant

Ph: Schuyler


Title: To George Washington from Major General Steuben, 18 June 1780
From: Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, baron von
To: Washington, George

Dear Genl
June 18th 1780

I have recd intelligence of the arrival of the British fleet at New York by various persons by the enclosed Letter from Majr Lee being the last your Excellency will find that two Regiments have crossed and Joind the

Body on this side. I have the Honor to be with respect Your Excellencys most obt & very Hum. sert

steuben Maj: Genl


Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 18 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.

Dr Sir
Head Quarters Springfield June 18th 1780

I have just received authentic advice, that a large fleet appeared off Sandy Hook yesterday afternoon and entered as fast as they came up. From every circumstance this can be no other than Sir Henry Clinton. If the enemy push directly up the North River, much is to be apprehended for West Point. It requires all our exertions to put it in a state of defence. I some days since directed General Howe to apply to Your Excellency for the state Regiments to reinforce the garrison. I now entreat you to hasten them forward with all possible expedition, together with the drafts for the Continental batalions, which I am informed the state had determined to make. They will proceed to West Point ’till further orders. Every effort to keep up a full supply of provisions is

indispensable. I would also recommend that your Excellency should put two or three thousand Militia under marching orders to repair to West Point on the application of Major General Howe in case of a sudden emergency. I have the honor to be With every sentiment of respect yr Excellency’s Most Obedt & huml. sr.

Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 19 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters near the Short Hills [N.J.] Monday June 19th 1780
Parole Sparta  Countersigns P., N.Watchword Freedom

[Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Colonel Jackson[,] Lieutenant Colonel Mentges[,] Brigade Major, Bradford

Evening Orders
Officers are to be sent tomorrow morning seven o Clock to the Huts to select the officers heavy Baggage which the General recommends should be deposited in the Farmer’s houses in the Vicinity of the Huts: As many officers only as are indispensably necessary to be sent on this duty and to return to Camp tomorrow evening or by the next day morning at farthest.


Title: To George Washington from the Board of War, 19 June 1780
From: Board of War
To: Washington, George

Sir
War Office [Philadelphia] June 19. 1780

We had the honour of receiving your letter of the 14th inst. by Captain Bowman, who arrived here yesterday, with capt. Joel, whom we have committed to the care of Colo. Nichola to keep in safe custody, at the same time to treat him with kindness and respect; in which condition he will remain till we hear further from your Excellency.
We regret that Genl Knyphausen should not think himself authorized to close with your Excellency’s proposals relative to the mutual appointment of agents, & negociation of bills: but we were apprehensive that the absence of Sir H. Clinton would be given as a reason for avoiding a determination on those subjects.
We shall be glad to receive a copy of the general orders relative to Capt. Coren’s dismission from the service, as soon as may be convenient.
Having no occasion for the passport with which your Excellency furnished us some time since, we have destroyed it. We have the honour to be with the greatest respect your Excellency’s most obedient servants.

By order of the boardTim: Pickering


Title: From George Washington to the Committee at Headquarters, 19 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Committee at Headquarters

Gentlemen
Head Quarters Springfeild June 19th 1780

From the vast importance of the thing, I hoped that I should have been informed before this, of the measures which the several states meant to adopt, in consequence of your late requisitions; but as I have not, I am certain you are unadvised yourselves, and have only to lament with you the delay. This is a point of primary consequence. We are now arrived at the period, when we may momently expect the Fleet from France. For want of inform⟨a⟩tion, it has been impossible for me to digest a System of cooperation. I have no data on which to proceed—and, of course, were the Armament to come, I should find myself in the most delicate—embarrassing and cruel situation. The French Commanders, from the relation in which I stand, the instant they reach our Coast, will

look to me for a plan of the measures to be pursued—and I ought, of right, to have one prepared: But I cannot even give them conjectures—The interest of the States—the reputation of their Councils—the justice and gratitude due our Allies—a regard for my own Character, all demand that I should, without delay, be enabled to ascertain and inform them what we can or cannot undertake. Besides, there is a point now to be determined, on which the success of all our future operations may turn, which for want of knowing our prospects I am altogether at a loss what to do in.
To avoid involving the Fleet and Army of our Allies in circumstances, which if not seconded by us, would expose them to material inconvenience and hazard, I shall be obliged to suspend a step, the delay of which may be fatal to our hopes—I therefore beg leave to suggest to the Committee, the indispensable necessity of writing again to the different States, urging them to give immediate and precise information of the measures they have taken—the success they have had—and the probable result of them. I have the honor to be with great Respect and Esteem Gentlemen Your most obt and humble Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Colonel David Forman, 19 June 1780
From: Forman, David
To: Washington, George

Sir
Monmouth C. House [N.J.] 19th June 1780

On Saturday Night Elevin OClock I had the Honr to Inform your Excly of the Arrival of a Fleet within Sandy Hook from the Southward, that there remained no doubt of there being British and probably Sr Harry Clinton—As I proposed to Your Excly, As soone as I had dispatched the Express I rode down to the High Lands of Middle Town—The Day was rainey and dull—so as to prevent any particular observation.
I found that all the Ships that had Arrive before Sun down on Saturday had Stood Immediately up to New York—That on Saturday Night 35 Vessells Generally Large had Come too out side of the Hook and as Soone as it was Light on Sunday Morning Stood in and run up to the Narrowes—the Enclosed Acct did not Come to my hands untill the Express had set off—I think it is the Best that was Taken—Last Night I was Informed from Sandy Hook that it was reported There that Sir Harry Clinton was gone up the North river without Stoping at New York—But it appears to be Only report—Yet there Mannor of going up was Very Uncommon—Not a Gun from any Ship or fort On there Arrival or Going up. I have the Honr to be yr Excly Most Obdt Humble Servt

David Forman


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 19 June 1780
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
In the Highlands [N.Y.] 19th June 1780

I am this moment Honour’d with your Excellencys Favour of the 18th Instant—In consequence of my application to Governor Clinton he has Orderd a Body of Militia to join me with all possible expedition, and warn’d a number more to repair to me when Alarm Signals are given—Upon the appearance of some of the Enemies Ships Yesterday, I instantly sent express to Governor Clinton urging the necessity of presing up Clintons Brigade, and the Militia that I had required, for not knowing when either would arive I thought it proper to call for boath, lest any disappointment should happen, and because my inteligence pursuaded me both would become requisite, and if not that the Militia might be easily countermanded.
Depend Sir your Orders shall be punctually attended too and that nothing within the reach of my Abilities or that my utmost exertions can affect shall be wanting—I shall give you Sir the erliest information of any occurrence worth your notice.
meeting your Excellencys letter upon the Road as I was out reconnoitring some places which required my attention, I Write in great Haste—but am with the Sincerest reguard and Greatest respect Your Excellencys most Obe. Servant

Robert Howe


Title: To George Washington from Major Henry Lee, Jr., 19 June 1780
From: Lee, Henry Jr.
To: Washington, George

My dear Genl,
19th June. 80

I have had variety of intelligence from the enemy this day—none very pointed or material—But it is of such a tenor, that I am firmly of opinion you will hear of Genl Clintons being before West point in less than 48 hours.
Be pleased to excuse this laconic note, it proceeds from the anxiety I feel—I will be more full tomorrow If requisite—this wind is very fair. I am very affcy your Exclys h: sevt

Henry Lee Junr


Title: To George Washington from William Livingston, 19 June 1780
From: Livingston, William
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Trenton [N.J.] 19 June 1780

I am honoured with your Excellency’s Letter of yesterday; & have the pleasure to undeceive you in the Information you had received concerning the draft from our Militia to serve for the Campaign. By the two Acts which I do myself the honour to inclose your Excellency, you will perceive that the Act for raising the 624 men upon the plan you mention has no connection with the Act for compleating the three Regiments of this State, tho’ I could wish that the last had been by way of draft according to your Recommendation, & that we had paid our honest debts before we thought of providing for ourselves. I have the Honour to be with the greatest Esteem & Affection Dear Sir Your Excellency’s most obedient & very humbl. Servant

Wil: Livingstn


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Peter Muhlenberg, 19 June 1780
From: Muhlenberg, Peter
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fredericksburg [Va.] June 19th 1780

I am just returnd from Petersburg, to which place I went, as soon as the Surrender of Charlestown was confirmd, in order to be at hand to reinforce Colo. Bluford & if necessary to join him myself, with the few Men I had with me—but finding that Colo. Bluforts Corps was totally routed and dispersd, and my stay there unnecessary, I waited on the Governor at Richmond, where the House of Assembly were sitting, in order to know if they had come to a determination, relative to filling up the Virginia Line—I found They had determind to fill up their Continental Battallions, and a Committee was then sitting to bring in a plan for that purpose—The Committee had not broke up when I left the Town, but from what I can learn the plan proposd, & like to be adopted, is, to divide the severall Counties into small districts, and oblige each of them to furnish a Man imediately for the War This plan seems perfectly agreeable to the people, as the present heavy draffts on the Militia, convince them of the necessity of having regular Forces—The first drafft of 2500 Men are nearly ready & will march this Week; another drafft of 5000 are to be raisd imediately—but I am afraid the State will be much distressd for want of Arms, from the returns I have seen I am convincd the whole Amount in their Arsenals does not exceed 4000 fit for imediate service, beside the 2000 They have lent the State of North Carolina—The two State Regiments are now on their March to Chesterfield, from whence They will move on to join the Maryland Line, They amount to little more than 200 effectives—The whole amount of what we have been able to Recruit & Collect is 109 at Chesterfield—28 at Richmond & 20 at this place; The first drafft for a while put a stop to Recruiting, as great sums were given for Substitutes—There are now in the Hospital at Chesterfield 55 belonging to the Maryland Line beside our own, & the Hospital is in want of allmost every necessary Article

for the use of the Sick—The few Continental troops we have are now Clothing & will march on with the State Regiments. I have the Honor to be with great Respect Your Excellencys Most Obedt hble Servt

P: Muhlenberg


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Phillips, 19 June 1780
From: Phillips, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
New York June 19th 1780

His Excellency General Sir Henry Clinton upon his arrival at New York has had the goodness to inform me that he gave permission, previous to his departure from Charles-Town South Carolina, that Major General Lincoln might go to Philadelphia upon his parole, that Officer having very earnestly solicited for it, proposing among other matters to negotiate for a General Exchange of Prisoners of War including, also, the Troops of Convention—Major General Lincoln conceiving it most likely that such an Event might directly take place.
Upon my hearing this I was struck with a strong desire of assisting in so humane a purpose as that of a General Exchange, imagining my particular knowledge of the State of the Troops of Convention and of the Prisoners of War might greatly assist towards the necessary regulations for Exchanging so great a number of Prisoners on both Sides—I took the liberty, therefore, of proposing to Sir Henry Clinton that I might go to Philadelphia and meet Major General Lincoln there, where by acting in concert we might facilitate the purpose of a General Exchange which it is presumed must naturally be the wish of Your Excellency as well as of Sir Henry Clinton.
His Excellency The General has been pleased to permit me to go to Philadelphia under no particular description of a Commission but merely as an Individual, and His Excellency has further given me leave to pursue this intention by making any application to you, Sir, I might think necessary.
I have the honour, therefore, to propose to you, Sir, that I may go to Philadelphia for the purpose of meeting Major General Lincoln there who must be by this time arrived, and I request to have the liberty of passing through Your Excellency’s Head Quarters, where possibly by

conversations with you, Sir, upon the Subject of Exchanges, previous to my reaching Philadelphia, a number of leading matters may be adjusted to prevent any delay in an intention which humanity urges so strongly to have compleated.
It is quite unnecessary for me to point out to Your Excellency the distresses of the Prisoners of War in South Carolina for, with every effort for their advantage, they must, being uncloathed and necessarily in confinement, be subject not only to Inconveniences but to diseases, which I have heard Sir Henry Clinton express great concern for, and I am sure his humanity upon this occasion will prevail upon him to give his immediate consent to their general release whenever it can be done with safety and propriety to his own Troops who are now equally Suffering a State of Captivity.
I request this letter, by being addressed to you, may not be considered as any want of attention to the American Congress, but I have imagined the situation of parole in which I stand points out to me any application relating to it should go properly to Your Excellency.
I will request an immediate answer to this letter. I have the honour to be, Sir, with great personal respect Your Excellency’s most obedient and most humble Servant

W. Phillips


Title: General Orders, 20 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters near the Short Hills [N.J.] Tuesday June 20. 1780
Parole Golconda  Countersigns Greece Hague.Watchword Vigilance

[Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Colonel Butler[,] Major Torrey—Brigade Major Woodbridge
Lieutenant Colonel Huntington is appointed Field officer of the day vice Lieutenant Colonel Mentges on other duty.
Major Hamilton is appointed to relieve Major Parr this afternoon: He will call at the Orderly Office for instructions.
All Officers are particularly requested not to be absent from their Corps this Night but to be completely ready to move with their respective Commands at a moment’s warning.

Evening Orders
The Pennsylvania Connecticut and Hand’s brigades to march at eight o clock this Evening by the Left.


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 20 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

Dr Sir
Head qrs Springfield June 20th 1780

I had this morning the honor to receive your Favor of the 13th Instant.
I thank Your Excellency for your attention to my request, for the return of General Clinton & his Troops—and flatter myself they are before this, at or well on their way to West point. The measures taken for ensuring the Supply of provisions to Fort Schuyler, were certainly very proper. It was an object I had very much at heart, and I wish the quantity forwarded had been greater. It is of such importance that the Garrison should be in perfect safety with respect to this—that I have written to General Howe and requested him to send Another hundred Barrels of Flour from West point to Albany, to the care of Colo. Vanschaick for their support. And as I find by General Clinton’s Letter that only Forty Barrels of beef were sent with Colo. Gansevort, I request that

Your Excellency, if the quantity has not been received before this or is not in train for which I took the liberty to inclose You an order on the Commissaries in Connecticut some time since, will have the goodness to apply to General Howe, who is instructed to furnish & send on your requisition, a Hundred Barrels to Albany. I mean that there should be this quantity at least, exclusive of the Forty Barrels gone on to the post.
I am much concerned at the dissatisfaction and spirit of desertion, which I find prevailing in Colo. Vanschaick’s Regiment at Fort Schuyler. Your Excellency will have been fully informed on this head—and therefore I will not add any particulars with respect to it. It is much my wish that the Troops of the Garrison should be relieved—and it may be the more material to do it, from the disposition in which they are; it cannot however be done by the Continental Troops without manifest injury under our present circumstances and prospects. I would therefore propose and hope, that the plan concerted heretofore between Your Excellency & Myself, for sending a part of the Officers & Men raised by the State for Frontier service, may take effect and a number be sent for the defence of the post, which will still remain under the command of Lt Colo. Vandyck. In order to make matters more secure, I wish the Detachment destined for the relief, if circumstances will admit, not to be under Three Hundred rank & file. If the post can be relieved in this way, which I hope may be the case, the provisions I have now mentioned, had better go under the escort of the Detachment, and Your Excellency will be so obliging as to correspond with Colo. Vanschaick upon the subject and to direct him such aid of transportatn as may be requisite on the occasion.
I am much obliged by the state of preparation in which Your Excellency has put the Militia for succouring the Highland posts—and am convinced You will give General Howe, such a reinforcement on his application, as will make the Garrison complete for the present in point of number. I have also no doubt that there is the best disposition possible, both in Your Excellency and the State to comply with the requisitions of the Committee, and that You will second the intended Operations by every exertion in your power.
I am exceedingly happy in Your Excellency’s safe return, and am sorry You should have thought it material, either to give me a detail account of your proceedings after Sir John—or having done it, that any apology was necessary for the favor—or for the result of the expedition. You have only to regret that all You wished did not happen; but your zeal and your active—judicious exertions must convince every body most fully, as they do me, that all that was practicable & more than could have been expected, was done by You to accomplish the ruin

of himself and party. I hope the rapid mannner in which the Enemy were pursued & forced to retreat, will be attended with ⟨good conse⟩-quences⟨.⟩ The succour You rece⟨ived from the Militia of⟩ the Grants upon your request, is a very agreable consideration and the conduct of themselves and Officers upon the occasion greatly to their credit.
You will have heard & will see by the papers the fate of Charles Town. On Friday afternoon & Saturday between Sixty & Seventy of the Enemy’s Vessels came into the Hook. It was a fleet from South Carolina—and according to the accounts I have received it is said, they have brought from four to Six Thousand Troops. Sir Harry Clinton from information obtained just now through Two channels, has returned himself. I have the Honor to be with the most perfect esteem & respect Yr Excellency’s Most obedt st

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to the Committee at Headquarters, 20 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Committee at Headquarters

Gentlemen,
Head Quarters Springfield June 20th 1780

Agreeable to your recommendation I have thought proper to send Brigadier General Parsons to the state of Connecticut. My orders to him will relate to the collecting, arranging and forwarding the drafts and recruits from that state to the army. The Committee will give him what further instructions they think proper, which he will execute with judgment and zeal. It will be useful to inform him of the requisitions they have made to the state, as his influence there may enable him to contribute to their success. I have the honor to be with perfect respect and esteem Gentlemen Your most Obedt servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 20 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Springfeild 20th June 1780.

I have recd your favors of the 16th and 18th two of each date—The Express who brought the last left Kings ferry yesterday Morning at Sun rise and informs me that the Vessels had gone down the River and were out of sight.
The posts at Stoney and Verplanks points were established more with a view of preventing the communication from being interrupted by a vessel or two with a small body of Men, than from an expectation that they would be able to stand a regular investiture or a serious attack in force—The Officers therefore who command them should be directed to govern themselves by appearances and circumstances—If the enemy come up in force, they will be under the necessity of making such demonstration, by the number of their Vessels and other preparations,

as will evince their designs. The Officers are then to withdraw their Garrisons at all events, and Cannon and Stores if possible—To give them the better chance of effecting the latter—Boats should be constantly kept at each place, appropriated to that service only. There is a bare possibility that the enemy may throw a force suddenly in the rear of each, and run a Vessel above them. In such case the best defence that the places will admit of must be made, and to provide for such a contingency, let ten or twelve days provision be kept in each post and a supply of Ammunition equal to an expenditure of that time. I would not wish the Officers to set fire to the Works, if upon any occasion they should be obliged to leave them, because they may perhaps be induced to quit them upon appearances seemingly well grounded, and therefore if left intire, they may return to them when the Alarm is over.
If the Officers at present commanding at Stoney and Verplanks points are men of discretion it will be best to let them remain, with directions not to disclose their instructions to any persons whatever, because should the enemy obtain a knowledge of them, they might, by making feints, maneuvre them out of the posts.
The security of the Western part of the State of New York depends so absolutely upon holding the post of Fort schuyler, that I shall not be easy untill I have thrown a handsome supply of provision into it—You will therefore be pleased instantly to send up one hundred Barrels of Flour to Albany addressed to Colo. Van Schaick, who will forward it—and should His Excellency Govr Clinton call upon you for one hundred Barrels of Beef, you will deliver it to his order or send it up to Albany if required. This will be wanted for the Garrison of the fort also, and must therefore be of sound and good Quality. Should it be called for, give the Commissary strict orders to have it inspected and put in the best order for keeping, before it is removed—I shall continue sending up Flour to you as fast as teams can be procured to transport it.
The scarcity of Cavalry has obliged me to divert the Marechasse Corps of Horse from their proper occupation and put them upon ordinary feild duty.
Inclosed you have a letter under a flying seal for General Glover directing him to repair immediately to Springfeild and superintend forwarding the drafts from Massachusetts Bay. Should not Genl Glover be arrived at West point, you will be pleased to forward the letter immediately to him. I have written to Genl Heath desiring him to order all the Officers who were upon the recruiting service in Massachusetts to repair to Springfield and march the drafts from thence. As they arrive they are to be distributed in proportions to the several Regiments of the State, so as to keep them as nearly as possible upon a level.


Title: From George Washington to Blair McClenachan and Robert Morris, 20 June 1780
From: Washington, George
To: McClenachan, Blair,Morris, Robert

Gentn
Head Qrs at Spring-field 20th June 1780.

I am honored with your favor of the 3d and have received—in good order—the pipe of Spirits you were pleased to present me with. for both permit me to offer my grateful thanks, and to assure you that, the value of the latter was greatly enhanced by the flattering sentiments contained in the former.
In a struggle like ours—perplexed with embarrassments—if it should be my fortune to conduct the Military helm in such a manner as to merit the approbation of good men and my suffering fellow Citizens it will be the primary happiness of my life because it is the first & great object of my wishes.
To you Gentn I shall commit the charge of making a tender of my respects & thanks to the rest of the owners. with much esteem & personal regard I have the honor to be Gentn yr most obedt & oblig’d

Go: Washington