Title: From George Washington to Thomas, Lord Fairfax, 29 August 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Fairfax of Cameron, Thomas Fairfax, sixth baron

To The Right Honble Thomas, Lord Fairfax. My Lord,
[Winchester, 29 August 1756]

It is with infinite concern I see the distresses of the people, and hear their complaints, without being able to afford them relief. I have so often troubled your Honour for aid from the Militia, that I am almost ashamed to repeat my demands—nor should I mention them again, did I not think it absolutely necessary at this time to save the most valuable and flourishing part of this county from immediate desertion: and how soon the remainder part, as well as the adjacent counties may share the same fate—is too obvious to reason, and your Lordships good sense for me to demonstrate. The whole Settlement of Conogochieg in maryland, is fled; and there now remain only two families from thence to Frederick-Town, which is several miles below the Blue-ridge: By which means we are quite exposed, and have no better security on that side than the potomack-river, for many miles below the Shanandoah; and how great security that is to us, may easily be discerned, when we consider with what facility the Enemy have passed and repassed it already. That the maryland Settlements are all abandoned, is certainly fact; as I have had the accounts transmitted to me by several hands, and confirmed yesterday by Henry Brinker; who left Monocasy the day before; and also affirms, that 350 waggons had passed that place, to avoid the enemy, within the space of three days.
I thought it expedient to communicate the above, in order to inform your Lordship of the reasons for asking of Succours for these unhappy people; and how absolutely necessary it is to use (without delay) such vigorous measures as will save that Settlement from total Desolation!
We see, my Lord, the absurdity of the peoples arguments, and the consequences of leaving one county, nay, one part of the county; or, to go still farther—a single company, that is more

exposed than another, to defend itself and the parts in danger. When Hampshire was invaded, and called upon Frederick for assistance; the people of the latter refused them aid; answering, “let them defend themselves, as we shall do if they come to us.” Now the Enemy have forced thro’ that county, and begin to infest this; those a little removed from danger are equally infatuated, and will be I fear, until all in turn fall a Sacrifice to an insulting and merciless Enemy.
These observations may be improperly offered to your Lordship; but they occur in so refulgent a light to me, that I could not resist the impulse of dictating them. I am so weak-handed here, that I cou’d not, without stagnating the public works, spare a man to these peoples assistance. Yet I look upon the retaining of them to be so essential to the well-being of the County in general, that I have ordered all the men that can possibly be spared to march thitherwards; and they accordingly set out tomorrow morning, to remain there until your Lordship can relieve them; that they may return to these works which in my opinion are of no little importance to the safety of the county, if we should be attacked by numbers, as we have reason to apprehend. I hope your Lordship will exert your authority in raising men for this salutary end, and that you will think it adviseable to make every Company furnish their Quota: This will redress the complaints of the people below, who say they can not leave their families to the mercy of the Enemy, while they are scouring the woods. This is the reason given by some why Catons party consists but of 10 men; while others say, it proceeds from dislike to the man. I acquainted his Honor, the Governor, with your Lordships order for raising 50 men for this Service, who approved thereof, and has been pleased to direct me to continue them there so long as I see cause.
I can not conclude without again mentioning, how agreeable it would be, if your Lordship would order a party immediately to these parts, that I may withdraw my men to their duty at this place. I am, my Lord, &c.

G:W.
Winchester, August 29, 1756.


Title: Orders, 30 August–1 September 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Babylon.
[30, 31 August, 1 September 1756]Winchester, Monday, August 30th 1756.

Colonel Washington being inclined upon all occasions to shew his willingness to serve the deserving and industrious men of his Regiment: and at the same time, resolved to punish in the most exemplary manner, all irregularities in the ill-disposed—Takes this method to acquaint the workmen who ordered their pay to be discontinued, when they did not work, in order to prevent counterfeit sickness, and other pretences to avoid this Duty. But as by this means the best as well as worst and idlest men, suffered equally alike; He assures those, who by their constant and steady attachment to the Service, have approved themselves good Soldiers, that he will not only continue their pay for all Days to come, while they are employed on the public works; but will also see at the next payment, that they receive the sums which were deducted at this. And will also do the same justice to those who have hitherto endeavoured, by all idle practices, to

avoid this necessary work—If they will amend their manners, and attend diligently to their duty. And in order to prevent any but lawful Excuses screening them from their Duty—It is hereby ordered—that the Rolls of each Company be regularly called twice a day, as before directed; when the officer is to be present, and inspect narrowly into the matter, to see that no imposition is offered by the Sergeants. As the Sergeants have extraordinary pay for over-looking the men at work, it is expected that they will be diligent in their Duty: Those who are found to be the least remiss, will be punished. They are also to answer for the misbehaviour of the men under their command. The Sergeant-Major is also to attend, to receive the names of the absent and sick men; to search after the first, and conduct the latter to the Hospital, to be examined by the Doctor; who is ordered to receive and enter the names of none without just cause, nor entertain any longer than the nature of the Disorder requires: But immediately upon the cause ceasing which brought them there, to return their names to the Adjutant or Sergeant-major, to be ordered to their work—It is further ordered, when any person under cloak of sickness, lameness, &c. is discovered in the deceit by the Surgeon; that he shall be immediately re-conducted to the Fort, and delivered to the Officer of the Day, who is expressly ordered to give him in the face of all the men, 50 lashes with a cat-and-nine-tails—and set him to work again. This he is also to do with the men who delay to appear at roll-calling, without sufficient excuse; or who shall be idle while present.
The Sergeant or corporal of the Guard is to make his report to the officer of the Day; who is to report that and all occurrences, which happen in his tour of Duty, to the Colonel in writing; in which and in all the foregoing particulars, it is expected that he and the parties concerned, will pay the strictest observation to it. It is also expected the Officers will see the greatest punctuality observed, in following the orders for preventing the men from buying any liquours from any Houses but those appointed—And it is hereby declared, that if any Soldier detects another in committing this crime, he shall upon proof thereof, receive 5/ from such Soldier’s pay, and the Colonels thanks for his good Behaviour: and as precautions will confine the custom to the aforesaid places; it is expected they will sell

only a moderate quantity to each man per day, and that at reasonable rates; as great complaints have been made of the demands for Liquor.
The General court martial ordered yesterday, is not to meet until further Orders.

Chichester.
Winchester, Tuesday 31st August, 1756.

Damascus.
Winchester, Wednesday 1st September, 1756.

The General court martial to sit, according to the Order of the 29th august—Ensign Milner to sit in the room of Lieutenant Blagg—They are to try all Prisoners that be brought before them.


Title: Orders, 3 September 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Falkirk.
Winchester, Friday 3d September, 1756.


Title: To George Washington from William Fairfax, 3 September 1756
From: Fairfax, William
To: Washington, George

Dr Sir.
Alexandria. 3d Septr 1756

On Monday the 30th August past We held here a Council of War and had the single Men present drawn up in a Line and being askt if Any inclind voluntarily to enter into his Majesty’s Service, None offering We proceeded to call over the Lists given in by the respective Captains whereby above Sixty not appearing and no reasonable Excuse made for their Non attendance I have issued Warrants to have them apprehended to be deliver’d to such Officer You may appoint to receive them at Mr Wm West’s—I hope it is more than probable that Some may be taken, Securd and carried to Mr West’s and You may think proper to Send an Officer wth in ten Days for that Purpose. I am concernd to see a great Unwillingness in our young Men to enlist, especially as most of Them appeard yesterday in the Field almost naked and in a poor Condition—For pticulars referr to Mr Kirkpatrick. Wishing You every Consolation I remain Yr affecte & obedt Servt

W: Fairfax


Title: Orders, 4–6 September 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Guilford.
[4, 5, 6, September 1756]Winchester, Saturday September 4, 1756.

Helvoetsluys.
Winchester, Sunday September 5, 1756.

The Detachment under command of Captain Spotswood to be ready to march to-morrow, as soon as Mr Rutherford has loaded the waggons.

Ireland.
Winchester, Monday 6th September, 1756.

John Stewart Tavern-keeper, having made complaint of very gross abuse and ill treatment received from Lieutenant Williams and Ensign McCarty—All the officers in town are to sit immediately to enquire into the complaint—Captain Mercer, President—Both parties to have notice to summon their Evidences.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Dinwiddie, 8 September 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Dinwiddie, Robert

[Winchester, 8 September 1756]
To The Honble Robert Dinwiddie Esquire; Governor of VirginiaHonble Sir,

I received your favours of the 19th 20th and 21st ultimo; and wrote immediately to the commanding officers of the Counties of Prince-William, Culpeper and Fairfax, to march their Drafts to this place. There are none of them yet arrived; nor do I know whether they are made. Your Honors letter of the 19th mentions, that I may enlist Servants agreable to the act of Parliament; but as I have not yet seen that, am at a loss how to proceed, until I receive your further orders, or a copy of the act.
It will occasion great murmuring and discontent to the masters, if they are not paid immediately for their Servants; so I hope your Honor will order them to make application to you for the money. When these points are settled, and I have received your Honors farther orders, I shall send out some Officers to recruit; it is the best, most expeditious, nay, only method I know of, now to recruit the Forces, as I doubt not we shall meet with as good success as our neighbourhood: and I am credibly informed, an Officer of the Regulars enlisted 30 in one day in maryland. I shall in the mean, recruit all that offer, to prevent their leaving the Colony. But shall be glad of farther instructions: a copy of the act I ought to have above all things. The men are much satisfied with the augmentation of their pay; but nothing will prevent their desertion; while they are kindly received and entertained thro’ the colony; and even under the eye of the Civil Magistrate. Perhaps a proclamation of pardon to all who would surrender themselves, and return to their Duty, might be of service: Those delivered to the Constables, are always suffered to escape, and no notice taken of it. All the necessaries I can get in the Colony, the men do not want for; but others indispensably necessary, can not be had.
We are in great want of Drums—I got one from Colonel Randolph—we have got no conveniences to mend old drums; tho’ we do the best with what we have; which I believe is scarcely more than four very bad ones to the whole Regiment and we have Drummers for all the companies learning. I shall be down

at the time your Honor directs, to wait on the Earl of Loudon—I am in hopes they can do without me in Napp’s affair. I have ordered Lieutenant Hall down to the day you appointed. The Quakers still remain here, and shall until the other Drafts are discharged. Thro’ the means of their officers chiefly I believe, the Rangers are quite averse to enlisting into the Regiment—Cockes tells them they are obliged to serve no longer than he commands them: and it was upon these terms they say, they enlisted; and that they will serve if they can continue under the command of their own captains. So they must be discharged, as the fund is exhausted: They are acquainted with the late encouragement, but nothing will engage them to enlist. I should be glad of express orders in this affair. It may be of service in engaging the Tusks to assist us, if the Nottoways are paid; and I refer them to your Honour for a consideration. The Indians are a very covetous people, and expect to be well rewarded for the least service. I am afraid military threats will not deter the pennsylvania Butchers from driving away the cattle. I would have been glad to have received particular directions concerning the provisions, as to the quantity, and where it must be deposited. I fear it is scarcely practicable to get Indians to go now to the Twightwees; I doubt not it would be of service, but how it is to be effected I know not; as we have no Indians in our assistance, but those expected from the southward. People here in general are very selfish; every person expects forces at his own door, and is angry to see them at his neighbours—I imagine they are much of the same stamp in Augusta.
I wish the new Commission for this county may have the intended effect: The number of Tippling Houses kept here, is a great grievance.
All the efforts which have been made here to raise the militia have proved ineffectual.
War having been proclaimed here and at Fort Cumberland; and the Guns from Rock Creek brought up some time ago: Ensign Fleming, in Captain Hoggs absence, will be wanted at his post; but your Honor will be pleased to do as you like in the affair. I am glad the Cherokes have determined to come to our assistance, and to hear of the firm attachment of them and the Catawba’s to our Interest—They will be of particular service; more than twice their number of white men. When they

arrive, which I pray may be soon, we may deal with the French in their own way; and by visiting their country, will keep their Indians at home. I sent off Expresses to enquire for Fuzees for them—Have not yet heard from Colonel Mason—In Fredericksburgh I am informed, there are about 29—Mr Hunter of that place informs me that Mr George Braxton has at least 500 very good, light and fit for Indians. I shall send immediately to Fort Cumberland for a sufficient quantity of the Stores. Our men are very much harrassed in endeavouring to protect the Frontiers; which the great extent of territory renders impossible to be done properly, with our small numbers—But we have been happy in being tolerably peaceable, and holding our own of late; while maryland & pennsylvania fly in the utmost consternation. The frontiers of maryland are abandoned for many miles below the blue-ridge, as low as Frederick-town; thro’ which place I am credibly informed, no less than 350 Waggons, transporting the affrighted families, passed in the space of three days; by which means, potomack-river, which is now our frontier, is deserted on the maryland-side 40 miles below Conogochieg, and as much in a paralel, below Winchester; and is now more than any, the theatre of Blood-shed & cruelty. Those Indians who are now coming, should be shewed all possible respect, and the greatest care taken of them; as upon them much depends. ’Tis a critical time—they are very humoursome, and their assistance very necessary! One false step might not only lose us that, but even turn them against us—All kinds of necessary Goods, &c. should be got for them.
If your Honour does not care to trouble yourself about it, and please to give me orders, and furnish me with money or Letters of Credit (for our paper-money passes to great disadvantage; and the Committee will not agree to provide those necessaries, as they expect Indian affairs come more properly under your regard) I will get them immediately from Philadelphia; which is the only place that I know of that we can possibly be supplied from.
Sometime ago I wrote to your Honor about Jenkin’s pay, which you then ordered me to advance—but as the Committee have ordered that £6.10, which I paid him, should be got back, I thought proper to acquaint your Honour with it; as I must bring it in now as a private charge against your Honor—it being

disallowed in my accompt. I have also paid the Expresses with the Declaration of War and the Proclamation concerning La Force—which I shall include in the same accompt, and settle with your Honour at meeting. Your Honor mentions that when the Drafts are discharged, the number of Officers must be reduced—It is true, we have a greater number than is necessary for that of the men, at present; but as it is absolutely necessary to keep the Forces, and a larger number than we now have, I think some means should be fallen upon to augment them. and altho’ the officers have not complied with their promises, I will venture to say they did it as well as any after appointed will do, unless some scheme is fallen upon, and a better foundation for recruiting—and as the most of our present corps are Gentlemen of Family, and have now been sometime in the Service I fear we should exchange for the worse, if we aim at a change. I think it highly necessary some vigorous measures should be taken to engage or compel the Deserters to return to their Duty. It certainly would be of service, were the Kings attorneys in the several counties, ordered to prosecute all who harbour them, without respect of persons. The immediate loss we suffer for want of their services, is greater than the prejudice they do the Service in general thro’ the Country, by asserting falshoods of the ill treatment they received from their officers, and the great want of every thing in the Regiment except bad usage. This they do, in order to gain the compassion of credulous people, who immediately receive them with open arms—listen to their complaints—and industriously propagate them thro’ the Country, and screen the Offenders from Justice! There is one Crisp here, a Ship-Carpenter; who says he was enlisted by your Honour at 2/ per day. He is of no service to us now, and I should be glad to know what must be done with him—and who is to pay his wages? For the committee I know will grudge him 2/ per day; for which we received no equivalent service of any kind.
As it seems uncertain when the Assembly will meet—I think it my indispensable duty to observe to your Honour, the bad consequence that may arise from want of proper measures to reinforce the Regiment, or to keep up a sufficient strength for the protection of the Frontiers, when the Drafts are to be discharged in December. The timorous disposition of the Inhabitants occasions much confusion and trouble; and constantly are

for flying off on the least noise or report of danger. and if they are lessened in their notions of security by a reduction of our Forces, what must then be the event?
The only body of Inhabitants is now, and has for sometime past been settled on the South-Branch: and it is with the greatest difficulty they can be prevailed upon to stay—Should they once give way, we shall not have a soul betwixt this and Fort Duquesne, except what few Soldiers are contained in the little forts on Pattersons Creek.
At present, Affairs are still and peaceable—but how long they will remain so, is uncertain. The French, flushed with so much success in all their attempts hitherto, may have some grand scheme in view; and surprize us, as in that most unlucky affair of Oswego—which I heartily wish may be yet groundless.
These letters enclosed will shew your Honor what obstacles we meet with in enlisting Servants; and as I expect opposition will be made in every place I send to recruit at—I beg your Honor would be peremptory and particular in your instructions relative to this affair—both as to masters and Majistrates.
Mr Jones is just come to town from Augusta, who informs me, no account of the Cherokes is yet known of in that County; so that we need not look for them these two or three weeks yet. I am Honble Sir Your &c.

G:W.
Winchester, September 8th 1756.


Title: From George Washington to Peter Hog, 8 September 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Hog, Peter

To Captain Peter Hogg. of the Virginia Regiment, at Fort Dinwiddie. Sir,
[Winchester, 8 September 1756]

By Captain McNiel I received only a part of yours, dated the 31st July; what became of the remainder, you perhaps know best, and from what I received am little satisfied in point of your recruiting charge. The same objection prevails, that you charge subsistance for these men, from their enlisting until their arrival at Augusta Court-House, altho’ they were furnished here with provisions to carry them thither. As to your other accompts, I am favoured with no farther illustrations—so that you can expect no positive answer nor assurance on those heads. You will perceive by the copy enclosed, how you stand

in accompt with the Paymaster, according to the receipts and pay-rolls you have sent me from time to time—Balance against you £31.3.7 beside the Surgeons fees, retained in your hands.
I have herewith given Mr Jones for you, in absence of the paymaster, £150—for paying your company for the months of July & August—and according to the late orders of the Committee, you are to pay every private man 8d. per day, without any stoppages of any kind—also the Sergeants, Corporals and Drummers their full pay—clear of all deduction in future, either to Surgeon or for Clothes. And as Clothes are expected in the Fall, the Soldiers will then receive them gratis. So it is expected that this generous usage will encourage the men to discharge their duty with spirit & satisfaction. The Governor writes me, that he longs to know what measures you have taken with regard to fort building—you did not speak a word of that affair in your last. You will observe, Captain McNiel will be paid here; and Mr Bullet has left orders for two or three months pay to Greenfield &c. so that the money will go the farther: Besides, Ensign Fleming should leave that Balance of Captain Bells in your hands, that it may be remitted to him. I desire you will transmit me an account of your proceedings by every occasion—and likewise to the Governor. I would have you guard against the selfish views & discontents of the Augusta people; who prefer private to publick interest, by all accounts. I am &c.

G:W.
Winchester, Sept. 8th 1756.


Title: Orders, 9–13 September 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Maryland.
[9, 10, 11, 12, 13 September 1756]Winchester, Thursday 9th September, 1756.

Norfolk.
Winchester, Friday 10th September, 1756.

Oswego.
Winchester, Saturday, 11th September 1756.

Michael O’Neal, recruited by Ensign McCarty, and John Reeves, Thomas Hartley, John Wilcox, recruited by Captain Mercer; were reviewed and passed.

Peru.
Winchester, Sunday 12th September, 1756.

Quiloa.
Winchester, Monday 13th September, 1756.

A Court martial to sit immediately, at 10 o’clok, to try all prisoners that shall be brought before them.


Title: To George Washington from George Mason, 13 September 1756
From: Mason, George
To: Washington, George

Dr Sir
Dogues Neck Sept. 13th 1756

Your Favour of the 29th Augt did not come to my Hands till yesterday: as I did not see the Messenger who brought it, who I understood call’d at my Building on his Way to Fredericksburg, I shall keep this, a Day or two, to see if he will call for an Answer as he returns from thence; if he does not, I shall send it to Mount Vernon, & beg the favr of Yr Brother to convey it by the first Safe Hand to Winchester.
By the inclosed List You will be able to judge whether We can furnish such Goods as will be necessary for our Friends the Catawba & Cherokee Indians.
The principal Articles wanting are Kettles & strip’d Duffeilds;

I much doubt whether they can be got on this side philadelphia, & perhaps not there; as the Indian-Trade has been at a Stand a good while.
The Goods are all ch[arge]d at the genuine f[ir]st Cost ⅌ Shop Notes; upon which, I think, We can’t afford to take less than 100 ⅌ Ct Virga Cury—which I hope will not be thought unreasonable; considering the Height of Freight & Insurance, & the high Exchange We shall be obliged to pay in papr Cury for Bills to make a Remittance—I hope I shall not have any thing to do with the C[ounci]l, or C[om]m[itt]ee for tho’ I have no Objection to any of the Gentlemen in their private, yet they are the last people in the World I shou’d chuse to have any Concern with in their public Capacity! An uncontroulable power of delaying, altering, or rejecting the Accts of private persons, for Articles furnishd, or Services done, by their own Orders, is a very discouraging Circumstance; ’tis a power which I dare say none of the Governments Officers in England wou’d offer to assume, & I am mistaken if the frequent Exercise of it here has not been highly detrimental to the public, as well as greatly injurious to many private people!
My Friend Capt. Mercer gave Me Reason to flatter myself with the Thoughts of having your Company in Dogues Neck some time this Month; but I am afraid, if you wait the Arrival of the Warriours of the South, I shall not have the pleasure of seeing You a long time. We have been often made to expect great Matters from these Cherokees; & yet I stedfastly believe they have no Thoughts of giving themselves any further Trouble than to get what they can from us, by amusing us with fair promises!
I very sincerely wish You Health, Success, & every Felicity & am Dr Sir Yr most obdt Humble Servt

G. Mason


Title: Orders, 14–22 September 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Rochelle.
[14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 September 1756]Winchester, Tuesday 14th September, 1756.

Semnos.
Winchester, Wednesday 15th September, 1756.

George Field, Thomas Nevill, Peter Simmonds, and Thomas Ope, recruited by Captain Mercer, were reviewed, and passed.

Trentown.
Winchester, Thursday 16th September 1756.

Utica.
Winchester, Friday 17th September, 1756.

Vienna.
Winchester, Saturday 18th September, 1756.

The men to parade to-morrow morning at beating the long roll, with their arms and ammunition clean and in good order, and to be marched by the Sergeants of the respective companies to the Fort, there to remain until prayers are over. An orderly Drummer to remain at the Guard-house all night; and to be at the direction of the Sergeant who must be answerable for his neglect of duty. Two Sentrys to be posted at the front of the camp, from the Guard; and the Sergeant to go the visiting rounds every hour, between the reliefs, & see that the Sentries are all alert.

Waterford.
Winchester, 19th September 1756.

Athlone.
Winchester, Monday 20th September, 1756.

A court martial to sit immediately for trial of Matthew Fling—Captain McNiel, President.

Belfast.
Winchester, Tuesday, 21st September 1756.

Morning Orders. Winchester Wednesday 22d September, 1756.
The Court-house to be cleared out immediately, the waggons unloaded, and the ammunition lodged above stairs; Sentries to be posted over it; and the Quarter-master to see the windows secured with green hides. Parole, Cork.


Title: To George Washington from John Kirkpatrick, 22 September 1756
From: Kirkpatrick, John
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Alexandria Septemr 22d 1756

I had your favour at Noon, before Which the Express had set out for Mount Vernon, after giving him half a Dollar for Expences.

The uneasiness you Lye under from the Vain Babling of Worthless, Malicious, Envious Sycophants, give me much Concern—Conscious of a Due & Honorable Discharge of Your Duty, (as undoubtedly you Must be) Their Censure, & Scurrility loses it’s force & Venom by Your Silent Contempt, and Disdain—No Character or Station is free from Calumny, and to be Sure, You can’t expect a Singularity of that nature, Especialy in that Conspicuous Office You so justly hold—The Selfevident Falsitys aserted by that Witty Writer of the Centinell, must Condemn him in the Judgement of every Rationall, Reflecting Being—and to Regard his Illnatured Slander by Vindication of Facts would be a Condescension, arguing a Consciousness of the Crime—Which is all that his Spite Aims at.
In the Short time I have had to dive into the Generall Opinion of Your resignation I find it disagreable, & unpleasant to all their inclinations, and woud certainly be at a Loss for Such another to fill your place—I Communicated yours to Mr Ramsay who thinks as every Body else must, that to Lay down Your Commission now, woud be the Means of More reflections, and Less Satisfaction to you—Tho’, Two, three or four are gather’d together to foment an ill spirit of Slander, and propogate Lyes, to amuse the Unthinking Mob—You & every Reasonable person is Sensible that the Whole thinking part of the Legislative power, are Much in Your Interest, & pleased with your Conduct for the preservation of the Country—How far you have miss’d in the design cannot be Laid to your Charge, on a Single review of the Circumstances, Difficulties, and Extent of Frontier. Might I be allowed to Offer my Opinion—I woud Overlook the Scurrility of the Centinell, Continue to Serve My Country wt. the usuall Zeal—Remark the Determinations of this Assembly, & their future Behaviour—Waite upon His Excellency Lord Loudon—& take My Measures in Consequence of their issues—For as Pope says—

Envy, will Merit like a Shade pursue,
And aLike a Shadow prove the Substance true.

I have hurried off these few thoughts irregularly wc. I hope you’ll excuse, on Account of keeping the Boy for Some information.

The Sentiments you entertain of my Sincere Respect & Attachment to Your Person & Interest do Me Much Honor, & I woud urge the truth—I Shall transgress on your kind permission of stay here, not a Moment beyond my necessity—I hope to be Able on the pleasure of seeing You, to be more explicit on the above—Believe me now Dr Sr Your Most Obt Hume Sert

Jno. Kirkpatrick

Mr Ramsay has wrote you.


Title: Orders, 23 September 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Dublin.
Winchester, Thursday September 23d 1756.

Ensign Price to march the men under his command to-morrow morning, to their respective cantonments. The Quarter-master to provide a lock & key for the Town-house, and secure all the windows above and below with hides; and to employ the Drummers, and those of the Sentry now on guard, are likewise to assist to clean out the house.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Dinwiddie, 23 September 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Dinwiddie, Robert

[Mount Vernon, 23 September 1756]
To the Honble Robert Dinwiddie, Esq. Governor of Virginia.Honble Sir,

Under your kind indulgence I came to this place a few days ago, expecting to meet the Executors of my deceased Brother; in order to make a final settlement of his affairs: I was disappointed tho’ in this design, by the Assembly having called away the principal persons concerned; which I was unacquainted with until Jenkins’s return, near about the same time that I got down. I shall remark, in obedience to your Honours request, such things relating to the Virginia regiment as occur to me now, requiring the Assembly’s attention: and if any thing further presents itself, I shall communicate from Winchester, for which place I set out this afternoon. I have often urged, for one thing, the necessity of enforcing the Articles of War in all its parts; where it is not incompatible with the nature of this Service. I have been surprized, as often as I have reflected, and really can not devise any reason why the Assembly should be so much averse to established rules for the regulation of their Forces; which long experience in established armies fully evinces the necessity of. And my surprize is yet encreased, when I consider how cautiously worded the act of Parliament is, to preserve the Rights and Liberties of the people; against the arbitrary proceedings of the military officers—We are under a kind of Regulation at present that renders command extremely difficult and precarious; as no crimes I believe are particularly notified but mutiny & Desertion in the act of assembly, notwithstanding there are many others equally punishable by act of Parliament.
One thing more which particularly requires attention, is the Billeting, quartering and dieting of Soldiers upon the Inhabitants; which in many cases can not be avoided.
I have in several letters to your Honor, expressed my opinion with candour and freedom, about the situation, works, and Garrison at Fort-Cumberland: I shall neverthess (as you command me to lay before your Honor such things as require the assemblys notice) repeat on this occasion my apprehensive fears (once

more[)] for that place; to avoid, if any accident should happen to it, the malicious reflections which inseparably attend misfortunes of the kind. I have upon all occasions said that Fort Cumberland is a place of no strength, and never can be tenable from the badness of the Ground—It is far remote from any of our inhabitants—Exposed to the insults of the Enemy—renders the communication between that & the inhabitants, difficult—and it is not the more convenient for annoying the enemy: Contains all our valuable Stores (save what I have removed to Winchester) and a Garrison of 170 which are too many to be spared from other places, just to defend the Stores at this; and not enough to afford detachments to waylay and surprize the enemy.
I shall therefore beg leave to observe, in regard to Fort Cumberland, that if it is continued, we confined to act defensively, and keep our Forces dispersed as they now are. The place must be fortified with strong works, or else inevitably fall, Garrison and Stores, into the enemys hands. How fatal a stroke! and what noise this will make, the censure of mankind will speedily declare. I enclose your Honor Colonel Stephens letter on this head, in answer to one I wrote to him on the subject.
I did from the beginning express my sentiments against having small Garrisons in a chain of Forts along our Frontiers: Garrisons not sufficient to defend the walls (how then the Inhabitants, when the enemy are about?) and shall now give a few reasons, upon which this opinion was grounded. We have a Frontier of such immense extent, that to build forts at convenient distances, would employ such numbers of men, or divide our Troops into such trifling [numbers], that no one part cou’d defend themselves, much less the Inhabitants, were the Country invaded.
The most effectual way that I can see, tho’ none can answer, while we act defensively; is to have no more than three or four large strong forts, built at convenient distances, upon our Frontiers, in which strong Garrisons must be contained; that parties, able to cope with when they hear of, or do meet the Enemy, may be sent out and these parties in constant succession, to be ranging and securing the Country. Here a difficulty will arise, as others will in every defensive plan that can be offered—

“How are those ranging parties sent out in this manner, & probably remaining on the scout for ten or fourteen days, to be supplied with provisions, the Inhabitants being so thinly settled, and the Forts so far extended?” The difficulty is great, yet not sufficient to render this plan inferior to the former. For, in the other case, when the Enemy is heard of, the Garrison can only send out parties, more fit to reconnoitre, than oppose. These parties if they prove too small (which in all probability they may) are certain of falling a prey to the enemy, whose numbers can not be known until thus proved. I could urge many things more on this head, but believe it useless: What I have already said I hope is sufficient to give your Honor a hint of the matter, and that is all I aimed at. We may form many schemes to defend ourselves; but experience will shew that none but removing the cause will prove effectual. Unless the Assembly concert some measures to augment their Force, the Country I fear must inevitably fall. The Frontiers since this time a twelve-month are totally deserted for fifty miles and upwards quite from north to south; and all below that greatly thinned by the removal of numbers, occasioned in some measure by Maryland & Pennsylvania giving ground so much faster than we do; which exposes a very fine Country of ours on that side, as low as Monocasy in maryland, several miles on this side the Blue-ridge.
I believe I might also add, that no person who regards his character will undertake a command without the means of preserving it; since his conduct is culpable for all misfortunes; and never right, but when successful.
I can not think any number under 2000 men, sufficient to cover our extensive frontiers; and with them it is impossible to prevent misfortunes—however easy the world may think it. What means can be used to raise these men, I know not; unless the listing Servants is thought expedient; and that (alone) will prove ineffectual. Some resolve should be come to, about the ranging Companies—under what regulations those are in Augusta, and what service they have done the Country, I know not. Those on this Quarter have done little service, and amount (both companies) to about 30 men only, at this time. I apprehend it will be thought advisable to keep a Garrison always

at Fort Loudon: For which reason I would beg leave to represent the great nuisance the number of Tipling Houses in Winchester are of to the Soldiers; who by this means in despite of the utmost care and vigilance, are, so long as their pay holds good, incessantly drunk, and unfit for Service. The rates of their liquor are immoderately high and the Publicans throughout the Country charge 1/ per meal, currency, for soldiers diet; and the Country only allows the recruiting officer 8d. per day for the maintenance of a Soldier by which means he loses in proportion as he gets men which is much complained of, and is in reality a discouraging circumstance, meriting redress. The want of a Chaplain does, I humbly conceive, reflect dishonor upon the Regiment, as all other Officers are allowed. The Gentlemen of the Corps are sensible of this, and did propose to support one at their private expence—But I think it would have a more graceful appearance were he appointed as others are. I could wish some method was practised, to bring the commonalty acquainted with the Laws against entertaining of Deserters; and to enforce those Laws more effectually than they ever have been. The number of Cattle that has been drove, and now is continually driving to Pennsylvania, may be thought worth noticing.
I informed your Honor immediately after my accompts were cursorily examined in April last, that the Committee objected to the money advanced Jenkins; and you ordered me to pay him as the money became due, which you would see me paid. In August last, when my accompts were again examined, and the same charge still remaining, the Committee resolved I should get it back from Jenkins; which can not be done, unless your Honor will please to do it.
As they have absolutely refused to allow this charge, I should be glad to receive directions how to act with Jenkins; and to know whether you would have him continued any longer as a Rider. There is an Officer of the american Regiment recruiting at Alexandria, and purposes to go thro’ the country, and pass into Carolina; he has enlisted some Servants, and purposes to take all he can meet with. This I believe may evince the necessity of our following his example; otherwise we suffer our country to be weakened by those, and receive no immediate advantage

from it; tho’ I imagine the expence will be near the same to the Country—their being in the Kings or Countrys Service. I am with all due respect, Your Honors &c.

G:W.
Mount Vernon—September 23d 1756.


Title: Orders, 24–28 September 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Exeter.
[24, 25, 26, 27, 28 September 1756]Winchester: Friday 24th September, 1756.

A Sergeant and twelve men, volunteers, to parade immediately, and go 5 or 6 miles up the new road, and return by the old road.

[Winchester, 24 September 1756]
After Orders.
The eldest Subaltern & 25 men volunteers to march out to morrow morning at revilé beating, up the new road to Hogcreek, and to call at Paris’s Fort for a Guide to shew the tracts and bushes which were seen and cut down this evening by report, and to proceed down the creek, If he makes no material discoveries on the new road. To be very circumspect in his march, sea[r]ching after the enemy; and then return with the party which marched out this evening to reinforce the Guard. The whole to be very alert, and alarm the Town upon the least noise.

Falkirk.
Winchester: Saturday 25th September, 1756.

The men are to parade at beating the long roll to-morrow morning at 10 o’clock; and be marched as usual to the Fort, to attend Divine Service. The Officers to be present at calling the

roll, and see that the men do appear in the most decent manner they can.

Galloway.
Winchester, Sunday 26th September, 1756.

Hallifax.
Winchester, Monday 27th September, 1756.

Ingoldsby.
Winchester, Tuesday 28th September, 1756.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Dinwiddie, 28 September 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Dinwiddie, Robert

[Winchester, 28 September 1756]
To The Honble Robert Dinwiddie, Esqre Governor of Virginia. Honble Sir,

I arrived here last night, and find things in the peaceable state I left them on this Quarter; and therefore set out tomorrow for Augusta. As Mr Walker has declined, it is absolutely necessary to have a Commissary immediately appointed, who should have express orders where, and for what number of men, to lay in Provisions; and should be furnished with cash before he sets out, as every thing will be got with less trouble & cheaper, by that means—The time for buying provisions will soon be elapsed—I have ordered the Assistant Commissary here, that time may not be lost, to lay in twelve months provision for a thousand men—To have at each fort as much provision as will maintain the Garrison until the 1st May, and the rest to be lodged at this place of safety; so that in case an Expedition should be determined upon in the Spring, it may be in readiness, and the several Garrisons rendezvous’d, without the incumbrance of transporting Stores & Provisions. These Orders I have given, not knowing what else would be satisfactory; being ignorant of the plans, &c. concerted; and acting entirely like a Wanderer in unknown paths! If it should not corroborate with your Honours sentiments & with those of the Assembly; it is not too late to alter the directions, and give any others. It is for this purpose I mention it now, that your Honor may, as Assembly are sitting, appoint the Commissary, and give me directions

what quantity of provision to provide, and in what magazines to lodge them; and then I will take the blame if it is not done, late as the Season is.
The number of little paultry forts along the frontiers, render the Forces very difficult & expensive to be supplied with provision. If the Assembly shou’d continue determined to act defensively; and should come into a Resolve of building a few Forts, instead of the many intended; I would recommend only one at the most convenient place in each frontier county, vizt Hampshire, Augusta, & Bedford: and that the one in Hampshire be built in a line betwixt this & Fort Du Quesne; and made cannon-proof, as it lies most exposed; & has a free communication for carriages from the Enemy. As to the others—there being no possibility, without first opening the roads, to approach them with Artillery: I conceive if they are built large regular and defensible against musquetry, it is sufficient—for others will be very expensive.
I desired to know in my last what shou’d be done with the Ranging companies; since that I am told they have all deserted to a few. Their posts must be filled with a company of the Regiment from the Branch; which will occasion fresh uneasiness to the Inhabitants, as they are continually pestered by the enemy; a party of whom was defeated the other day by Ensign Smith & 12 men of the Regiment; who killed one man, took a number of match-coats, moccasins, scalping-knives, and 4 neat french Fuzees. As Captain Mercer is summoned, and must appear against Napp (as I do not) at the 6th day of the court; I expect he will get a supply of cash from the Treasurer, the last being all gone.
Blankets, Shirts & Cartridge-paper are much wanted for immediate use; and must if possible, be soon provided; as we can not do without them. They have had information on the Branch, that the Dunkers (who are all Doctors) entertain the Indians who are wounded here, and that there were several then with them. Captain Spotswood marched out with 80 men to their Houses, to bring in all he finds there. I am your Honors &c.

G:W.

Winchester 28th September, 1756.


Title: From George Washington to Adam Stephen, 28 September 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Stephen, Adam

[Winchester, 28 September 1756]
To Lieutenant Colonel Adam Stephen, at Fort Cumberland. Sir,

I arrived here last night, and observe your several letters concerning your present situation; and must acknowledge I have the greatest apprehensions of your danger: but as I have frequently expressed them to the Governor, and he has returned me no satisfactory answer—and know the determination of the Assembly & Committee is against improving that Fort: I can not give any orders as to your erecting new, or strengthening the old works. I have (enclosing one of your letters on the subject) wrote in most express terms now: and as the Assembly are sitting, it will be laid before them by the Governor; I expect his answer, which I shall immediately acquaint you with.
The waggon you mention was proved here to be the property

of a poor man, who was obliged to quit it near Cox’s Fort, being pursued by the Indians; and it was delivered to him, but I never concerned with the Horses; I understand they were claimed here by people who have left their Settlements—You have more waggons and many strays. Upon a representation of the affair you are to be allowed two pistoles for the Rangers or Drafts you enlist; of which you may acquaint the Officers. I shall very shortly send up ten or twelve waggons, which you must load with what you think least necessary to you, and most so to the Enemy, should they fall into their hands. The powder & grape we shall want—There was no accompt of the Stores sent down. This makes me at a loss what to order—so leave it to you. I set out for Augusta to-morrow, to settle affairs on that Quarter. I am &c.

G:W.
Winchester, 28th September, 1756.


Title: Orders, 29–30 September 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Kingsborough.
[29, 30 September 1756]Winchester: Wednesday 29th September, 1756.

Ipswich.
Winchester: Thursday 30th September, 1756.


Title: Orders, 1–9 October 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Hanover.
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 October 1756]Winchester Friday 1st October 1756.

Marlborough.
Winchester, Saturday 2d October, 1756.

The men to parade to-morrow morning as usual, for Divine Service. Lieutenant Baker with his Detachment to march at the Revilé beating to-morrow morning.

Norwalk.
Winchester, Sunday 3d October, 1756.

Ontario.
Winchester, Monday 4th October, 1756.

Portobello.
Winchester, Tuesday 5th October, 1756.

Quebeck.
Winchester, Wednesday 6th October, 1756.

Reading.
Winchester, Thursday 7th October, 1756.

A Return to be made out of the Virginia Regiment, with every Officer, appointment, and pay, or any other allowances they may have; with the number of men in each company. As it is to be transmitted to The Right Honble the Earl of Loudon; it is expected, that it will be very exact.

Samaria.
Winchester, Friday 8th October, 1756.

Farrington.
Winchester, Saturday 9th October 1756.

The men to parade at 10 o’clock to-morrow morning, to attend Divine Service.


Title: Return of the Virginia Regiment, 9 October 1756
From:
To:

[9 October 1756]

A Return of the Virginia Regiment whereof George Washington Esqr. Commander of all the Virginia Forces is ColonelWinchester October 9th 1756.

                  Field officers and Captains
                  Lieutenants
                  Ensigns
                  Staff officers
                  non Commissioned officers
                  Effective Rank and File

                  Serjeants
                  Drummers
                  Fit for Duty
                  Sick
                  Command
                  Total

                  George Washington Colonel
                  John Mcneil Capt. Lieutenant
                  James Roy
                  James Livingston Adjutant
                  3
                  1
                  30
                  4
                  7
                  41

                  Adam Stephens Lieut. Colo.
                  John Blagg
                  John Lawson
                  John Hamilton Quarter Master
                  3

                  37
                  5
                  4
                  46

                  Captain Andrew Lewis
                  with the Indians
                  in the Cherokee country
                  James Craik Surgeon

                  Captain Peter Hogg
                  Thomas Bullett
                  William Flemming
                  Robert Johnson Mate
                  3
                  1
                  47
                  1

                  48

                  Captain George Mercer
                  Bryan Fairfax
                  Dennis McCarty

                  3
                  2
                  55
                  4
                  16
                  75

                  Captain Thomas Waggoner
                  Walter Stewart
                  Charles Smith

                  3

                  44

                  44

                  Captain Robert Stewart
                  John Campbel
                  Henry Russel

                  3

                  10
                  4
                  7
                  21

                  Captain Thomas Cock
                  Mordecai Buckner
                  George Weedon

                  3
                  1
                  33
                  1
                  5
                  39

                  Captain William Bronaugh
                  Hancock Eustice
                  Jethro Sumner

                  3
                  1
                  32
                  1
                  8
                  41

                  Captain Joshua Lewis
                  John King
                  James Duncanson

                  3
                  1
                  25
                  1
                  6
                  32

                  Captain Henry Woodward
                  Austin Brokenbrough
                  William Dangerfield

                  3
                  1
                  32
                  1
                  1
                  34

                  Captain Robert Spotswood
                  John Edward Lomax
                  Nathaniel Milner

                  3
                  1
                  16

                  26
                  42

                  Captain Charles Lewis
                  Peter Steenbergen
                  Edward Hubbard

                  3
                  1
                  35
                  4
                  2
                  41

                  Captain William Peachy
                  John Williams
                  Griffin Pert

                  3
                  1
                  29
                  5
                  6
                  40

                  Captain David Bell
                  John Lowry
                  John Dean

                  3
                  1
                  27

                  14
                  41

                  Captain Robert Mckenzie
                  James Baker
                  Leonard Price

                  3
                  1
                  42

                  7
                  49

                  Captain Henry Harrison
                  John Hall
                  Nathaniel Thompson

                  3
                  1
                  25
                  5
                  3
                  33

                  Christopher Guest Captain of Scouts
                  Nathaniel Guest
                  William Crawford

                  3
                  1
                  22
                  3
                  17
                  42

                  51
                  15
                  541
                  39
                  129
                  709

                  officers and Mens Daily Subsistance

                  Virginia Currency

                  £
                  S
                  D

                  Colonel and Captain

                  1
                  10
                  0

                  Lieutenant Colonel and Captain

                  0
                  17
                  6

                  Major

                  0
                  15
                  0

                  Captain

                  0
                  10
                  0

                  Lieutenant

                  0
                  5
                  0

                  Ensign

                  0
                  4
                  0

                  Adjutant

                  0
                  4
                  0

                  Quarter Master

                  0
                  4
                  0

                  Surgeon

                  0
                  10
                  0

                  Mate

                  0
                  3
                  0

                  Aid de Camp Capt. George Mercer

                  0
                  10
                  0

                  Pay Master Alexander Boyd Gentleman

                  0
                  10
                  0

                  Secretary John Kirkpatrick Gentleman

                  0
                  7
                  6

                  Serjeant

                  0
                  1
                  4

                  Corporals

                  0
                  1
                  0

                  Drummers

                  0
                  0
                  10

                  Private Centinels

                  0
                  0
                  8


Title: Orders, 10 October 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Loudon.
Winchester, Sunday 10th October, 1756.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Dinwiddie, 10 October 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Dinwiddie, Robert

[Halifax, 10 October 1756]
To The Honble Robert Dinwiddie, Esquire; Governor of Virginia.Honble Sir,

This day, within five miles of the Carolina line, as I was proceeding to the southermost Fort in Halifax; I met Major Lewis on his return from the Cherokees, with seven men, and three women only of that nation. The causes of this unhappy disappointment, I have desired him to communicate, that your Honor may take measures accordingly. This account is sent by Express, to give the earliest notice, while the Assembly are sitting. I shall defer giving a particular detail of my remarks and observations on the situation of our Frontiers, until I return to

Winchester, as I expect by that time to be more intimately acquainted with the unhappy circumstances of the people: Yet I shall not omit mentioning some occurrences which have happened in my Tour to this place. I wrote your Honor from Winchester, that I should set out the next day for Augusta; I accordingly did with Captain McNeil; and hearing at the Courthouse, that the Indians still continue their depredations [(]although not so openly as at first)—I applied to Colonel Stewart, then present, to raise a party of the militia, and said I would head them, and march to Jackson’s River, to try to scour the woods, and if possible fall in with the Enemy. He gave me very little encouragement to expect any men, yet desired I would wait 4 days, until monday, and he would use his endeavours to collect a body: until Tuesday I waited, and only 9 men appeared. This being too inconsiderable a number to expose to a triumphant enemy; I was advised to apply to Colonel Buchanan for men, between whom and Colo: Stewart there was contention about command. As Col. Buchanan lived at Luneys ferry, on James River, 60 miles along the road to Vass’s, on Roanoak, where Captain Hogg was building a fort; to which place I did intend, if I could have got men to range along the Frontiers with me. I set out immediately for his house, attended by Captain Preston; who was kind enough to conduct me along, and acquainted the Colonel with the motives that brought me thither. He told me with very great concern, it was not in his power to raise men; for that three days before, some of the militia in a fort, about 15 miles above his house, at the head of Cattawba, commanded by one Colonel Nash, was attacked by the Indians which occasioned all that Settlement to break up totally, even to the ferry at Luneys: That he had ordered three companies to repair thither, to march against the enemy, and not one man came, except a Captain, Lieutenant, &c. and 7 or 8 men from Bedford. Finding then that it was impossible to get a party to range and scour the frontiers, it remained only to proceed without men to see the situation of the Forts, or to return back again: the latter I was loth to do, as I had got this far; and was anxious to see what posture of defence they were in. I therefore determined to come forward, at least to Vass’s; and accordingly set out in company with Colonel Buchanan, who

being desirous that I might see and relate their unhappy circumstances, undertook to accompany me. We got safe to Vass’s, where Captain Hogg, with only 18 of his company, were building a fort which must employ him ’til Christmas, without more assistance. One Captain Hunt from Lunenburg, was there with 30 men; but none of them wou’d strike a stroke, unless I would engage to see them paid 40 lb’s. Tobacco per day, which is provided by act of Assembly for militia Carpenters. This I certainly could not do; as your Honor (who I thought had ordered them purposely out for this Duty) had given no directions in the affair. Whatever expectations your Honor may have had from the militia assistance; I am told they never lent a hand, save a few, that first came out with Captain Hoy; who he has paid after the same rates with our men, at 6d. per diem. Vass’s place is a pass of very great importance, being a very great inroad of the enemy, and secure, if it was strongly garrisoned. All Bedford, and the greatest part of this County, notwithstanding they have built three forts here, and one of them, if no more, erected in my opinion in a very out-of-the-way place—This they call Fort Trial. From Vass’s I came off with a Servant and a Guide, to visit the range of forts in this county; and in less than two hours after, two men were killed along the same road; as will appear by Captain McNiel’s letter, which I have just received, & herewith send, to let your Honor see by the account of Captain Hunts behaviour what dependance may be put in the militia. The Inhabitants are so sensible of their danger, if left to the protection of these people, that not a man will stay at his place—This I have from their own mouths, and the principal persons of Augusta-County. The militia are under such bad order and discipline, that they will go and come when and where they please; without regarding time, their officers, or the safety of the Inhabitants; but consulting solely their own inclinations. There shou’d be, according to your Honors orders, one-third of the militia of these parts, now on Duty at once; instead of that, I believe scarce 1/13 th is out. They are to be relieved every month—they are more than that time marching to & from their stations, and will not wait one day longer than the limited time, whether they are relieved or not, let the necessity for it be never so urgent. An instance of this happened in my presence about 4 days ago, in the case of Captain Daniel from

Albemarle; who was entreated by Colonel Buchanan to stay, at the time he was gathering, or attempting to gather men, upon that alarm of the Catawba Settlement, before mentioned—but his month was out, and go he must and did: nay I believe I may venture to say, that whether his month had been out or not, this wou’d have induced him to go: for this Gentlemen went away from Vass’s, because he thought it was a dangerous post, giving that for his reason—and left Captain Hogg with 18 men, exposed to the insults of the enemy. Perhaps it may be thought I am partial in my relation, and reflect unjustly; I really do not, Sir; I scorn to make unjust remarks on the behaviour of the militia, as much as I despise and contemn the persons who detract from mine, and the character of the Regiment. Were it not that I consulted the good of the public, and thought these Garrisons merited redress I should not think it worth my mention—I only want to make the Country sensible, how ardently I have studied to promote her cause; & wish very sincerely my Successor may fill my place, more to their satisfaction in every respect than I have been able to do. I mentioned in my last to your Honor, that I did not think a less number than 2,000 men wou’d be sufficient to defend our extensive and much exposed Frontiers, from the ravages of the enemy—I have not had one reason yet to alter my opinion, but many to strengthen and confirm it. and I flatter myself the Country will, when they know my determinations, be convinced that I have no sinister views, no vain motives of commanding a number of men—that urge me to recommend this number to your Honor; but that it proceeds from the knowledge I have acquired of the country, people, &c. to be defended.
Your Honor I hope will give directions about laying in provisions on our southern frontiers; it is not in my power to do it, as I know not what Troops can or will be put there; for the Regiment is at present too weak to allow any men to march from the Quarter on which they are now stationed. I set out this day on my return to the Fort, on the head of Catawba, where Colonel Buchanan promised to meet me with a party to conduct me along our Frontiers, up Jackson’s-River to Fort-Dinwiddie, and higher if needful. If he does not meet me, I shall immediately proceed to Winchester, as it will be impossible to do any thing without men. If your Honor thinks proper to advance the pay

of the militia, in order to engage them to work, please to acquaint Captain Hogg therewith, and send him money for that purpose: and were there more men ordered to cover his party, and assist in the work, it wou’d be highly advisable; for he lies greatly exposed. Major Lewis is extremely unwell—This Express is refered to your Honor for pay—I have not money to do it. I am hurried a good deal; but have given a plain account of all those several matters, mentioned in the foregoing Sheet. I am &c.

G:W.
Hallifax, October 10th 1756.


Title: To George Washington from Augustine Washington, 16 October 1756
From: Washington, Augustine
To: Washington, George

Dr Bror
Wmsburg Octr 16th 1756

I came down here the first of the Court, to consult yr friends on that unlucky 10th Centinel the author of which I think has

reason to keep his name concealed for being so general in his reflections on a sett of Gentlemen who deserves better treatment at his hands &c. Was not the paper to go further than our own Colony I am sensible it wou’d not be worth your while giving yr self the lest concern abt it for I am certain Your Character does not in the lest suffer here, for I do assure you as far as I can inform myself (& I have taken great pains) you are in as great esteem as ever with the G⟨ent⟩n here & especially the house of Burgesses, but what effect it may have in the Neighbouring Colonies I can’t venture to say, but it is the opinion of those w⟨ho⟩ wishes you well & especially the speaker & Mr Power that the best way is to take no notice of it or at least yet a while as there is a very modest piece published in the Gazette which will oblige him to answer & I flatter myself will do you Justice by distinguishing the Inocent from the Guilty. as it was the Opinion of the speaker not to publish yr letter to me I have postponed it. he promised me he wou’d write to you very fully on the subject. It is his opinion, mine & all your friends you ought not to give up yr commission, as your country never stood more in need of yr assistance & we are all apprehensive if you give up Innis will succeed & then only consider how disagreeable it will be to the whole Colony (a few Scotchmen excepted) & I must believe as much so to you as any in particular. I am very desirous of your holding yr Commission till you see Lord Louden then you will know what prospect you stand to be put on the British establishment & you Ought to wait at lest ’till we have some acct from home how our address to his majesty in favr of the Virga Regiment was received. I hope Sr for the above reasons you will calmly consider of it & not at this time of eminent danger give up yr commission in doing of which it will in some measure be giving up yr Country, cons⟨ider if⟩ you resign; what will be the consequences, all the officers (but those who wou’d be a proper subject for the Centinel) will follow your example, & the common soldiers will all desert, our Country then left defenceless to a barbarous & savage Enemy & you will then give a handel to that Scandalous Centinel—I am sensible you will be blamed by your Country more for that than every other action of yr life. I wou’d have you to consid⟨er⟩ what liberties are taken at home with men of the greatest power & Characters nay even the king himself does not escape the liberty of

the Press. (I have consulted several Lawers & they are unanimous Lee has no right to the Claim he pretends to.)
I must own you have great reason ⟨mutilated⟩ the paper is a most scurrilous one ⟨mutilated⟩ is more scandalous than general re⟨mutilated⟩ by any means agree to yr giving up ⟨mutilated⟩ notwithstanding the great regard ⟨mutilated⟩ not flatter you but hon⟨mutilated⟩ for my Country believe m⟨mutilated⟩ regard for your Character ⟨mutilated⟩ yr af⟨mutilated⟩

Augst. W⟨ashington⟩


Title: From George Washington to David Lewis, Jr., 18 October 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Lewis, David Jr.

[Fort Dinwiddie, 18 October 1756]
To Major David Lewis. of the Albemarle Militia, at Miller’s Fort.Sir,

Lieutenant Bullet, who commands at this place in the absence of Captain Hogg, tells me, that he applied to you for a few men to join such parties as this Garrison can afford, to range the woods, and assist the inhabitants in securing their Grain, gathering their Corn, &c. and that you have refused to aid him. I conceive if you did so, it must have proceeded from a misapprehension of his meaning—Therefore I apply to you myself on this head; and desire your compliance, or reasons for refusing.
I presume, Sir, it will be needless to acquaint you, your own good sense will doubtless evince it; that the intent of sending men hither was to protect the frontier inhabitants; and offer them comfort, by relieving their distresses, and wants; which [will] not in any wise be accomplished, while you remain in a body at a certain place, forted in, as if to defend yourselves were the sole end of your coming.
You will I hope excuse the liberty I have taken in mentioning this affair, when I tell you I am in a very great measure authorized by the Governor to direct in these matters. I am &c.

G:W.

Fort Dinwiddie—October 18th 1756.


Title: From George Washington to Adam Stephen, 23 October 1756
From: Washington, George
To: Stephen, Adam

[Winchester, 23 October 1756]
To Lieutenant-Colonel Adam Stephen. At Fort Cumberland.Sir,

Last night I returned from a very long and troublesome jaunt on the Frontiers, as far as Mayo; where affairs seem to be in a dangerous situation: and to add to our misfortunes, I find our neighbourhood here on the wing—you and your Garrison, in great distress & danger. The Enemy ravaging the country about Conogochieg, stony-run, and South-Branch—Loud and general complaints for protection—few or no men to send abroad for any Service. In short, so melancholy a scene, without the power of changing it to our satisfaction and interest, fills me with the greatest anxiety & uneasiness. I shall recite you all the Governors last letter to me relative to Fort Cumberland as I had written for his positive directions—vizt.
“You have frequently complained to me of the situation, &c. of Fort Cumberland; and I have wrote you how disagreeable it was to me to give up any place of strength, as it wou’d raise the spirits of the enemy, at the same time they wou’d suspect us to be in fear of them: and therefore if that place could be stationed with safety, until Lord Loudon gives orders thereon, I should be glad. But as you are upon the spot, and think it very prejudicial to the Service to keep that Fortress; I desire you may call a council of Officers, and consult whether it is most advisable to keep it or demolish it: if the last, you must take care to have all the ammunition, &c. brought to Winchester; and detroy every thing which you conceive may be of service to the enemy. This affair is now left to the determination of a Council of Officers; and I desire you to be very explicit in your arguments on the head; as they must be laid before Lord Loudon. I was always averse to smal Garrisons on our frontiers, as they in course divided our men into small parties: but you know the Assembly were so fond of them, that they passed a Law for that purpose—and I can not at present alter that determination[”]—Thus far his Honor. As it appears to be an affair of much

importance, I can not pretend to offer my advice; but would desire you and the Officers there, to deliberate seriously in council, what you think most proper to be done; and send me immediate notice, that I may come up with a sufficient number of Waggons (if to be abandoned) to remove the Stores—and likewise to hold a General Court martial on the matter, to avoid future reflection. I have frequently mentioned my dislike to the place, for these reasons—First, Its insufficiency for any tolerable defence—Secondly its distance from the inhabitants—difficulty of communication—and answering no other purpose than burying the Service of 170 men, in guarding the Stores, which might be more conveniently done in other forts. Indeed, had we men enough to afford constant scouting parties from that place, and cou’d defend the country hereabouts—I shou’d approve its being supported and improved in strength, on account of the advantages we might expect from it—but as this is not the case, I look upon it as rather prejudicial to the Country. The additional works you mention, as necessary to strengthen the fort, I can not consent to without positive orders from the Governor; as I shou’d become answerable from my own Estate for such expences, unless commanded by the Governor or Assembly. The Assembly is prorogu’d to the second Thursday of next month; when we may depend upon some alterations in our present constitution: and if you think, after the removal of part of the Stores, it can be mentioned, til we have their determination—probably may be more advisable; as His Excellency Lord Loudon is then expected. But upon the whole—as you must be a better judge of your own situation & danger; and the Governor leaving the affair to a council of officers: I refer the case entirely to your discretion; hoping you will observe the greatest circumspection & prudence in all your measures; so that we may be liable to no blame for any future consequences. Enclosed is a scheme I intend to offer the Assembly, if they can not be perswaded off their defensive notions. although I am determined to urge my utmost, to evince the advantages and necessity of an Offensive campaign: as you & every body else must allow that carrying the war into the Enemys country, is the surest method of peace at home & success abroad, and until an attempt is formed against Du Quesne, so as to remove the fountain of all our disturbance and trouble—we never may expect a

peaceable day. The policy of the French is so subtle, that not a friendly Indian will we have on the continent, if we do not soon dislodge them from the Ohio.
I shall exert every power to make this plan go down with the Assembly, and press them to vigorous measures for the safety and interest of the Country, preferably to the Defensive; and remonstrate fully to them every thing I think demands their concern, as to the Frontiers. I also would have you collect whatever comes under your observation in these respects; that we may omit nothing requisite for the Assemblys regard. As the fund for support of the Rangers, is long since exhausted, the Governor orders them to be discharged. You will therefore acquaint the officers and men of these Companies that they are discharged; accordingly—&c. &c. I am &c.

G:W.
Winchester, 23d October 1756.


Title: Orders, 24–26 October 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Chatham.
[24, 25, 26 October 1756]Winchester, Sunday 24th October 1756.

Fort-Cumberland.
Winchester, Monday 25th October, 1756.

Wiltshire.
Winchester, Tuesday 26th October 1756.

The workmen on the Fort are to continue henceforth, ’till retreat beating every night. The Quarter-master is to deliver Blankets for each Sentry that is kept out at night: which are to be given to each relief, and taken care of for that purpose.


Title: To George Washington from Robert Dinwiddie, 26 October 1756
From: Dinwiddie, Robert
To: Washington, George

Sir
Williamsburg Octr 26th 1756

I recd Your Letter from Augusta & observe its Contents—the Behaviour of the Militia is very unaccountable, & am convinc’d they are under no Command; I order’d Part of the Militia to the Frontiers & there to remain till reliev’d by others, which I propos’d shou’d be done in a monthly manner, & so to be continued by a proper Rotation, instead thereof they go & come at their own Pleasure, & many of them come here with large Demands, as if they had done the Duty directed. they are a dastardly set of People & under no management or Discipline, much owing to their Officers, who I fear are little better than the Private Men.
In my last I desired You to call a Council of Officers in regard to Fort Cumbld, & if thot absolutely necessary, to dismantle that Fortress & bring the Ammunition &ca to Winchester—Since that I have a Letter from the Earl of Loudoun dated from Albany the 22d of Septr in which is the following Paragraph—
“And do hope & trust that the Goverment of Virginia will not suffer the Post of Fort Cumberland to be wrested from them; I cannot also but highly approve of Your building a fortified Magazene at Winchester, such may not only be of use to the present Defence of His Majesty’s Dominions, but may be of the greatest Service whenever His Majesty’s Arms shall have Opportunity of acting in that Quarter.”
From which You may observe His Lordship’s great Desire of retaining Fort Cumberland, therefore notwithstanding my former Orders, if You & the other Gentlemen Officers think it can be maintain’d with Safety, I shall be glad, which must still be left to Yr Consultations; in the mean Time, if agreed on to be supported, I desire You may be bringing what of the Ammunition

You may think proper to Winchester[.] Your last Letter from Winchester came to my Hand the Day the Assembly broke up, so that I co⟨u⟩’d not lay before Them the Requisites propos’d therein.
I have two Expresses now with my Lord, till they return I am uncertain of his coming here this Winter & I fear the Affair of Oswego will detain him. I have sent two Drums to Alexandria—The Soldiers Cloath. is expected in a Months Time.
I have been much out of Order & confind to my room this Fortnight, that I write this with Pain I remain Sir Your most humble Servant

Robt Dinwiddie


Title: Orders, 27–28 October 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Catawba.
[27, 28 October 1756]Winchester, Wednesday 27th October, 1756.

Blakeney.
Winchester, Thursday 28th October, 1756.

As Colonel Washington is to hold conference with the catawba Indians, betwixt eleven & twelve o’clock—He desires all the Officers in town to attend at that time. and during the time of conference, he orders a Sergeant & Drummer to beat through the Town, ordering all Soldiers & Towns people to use the Indians civilly and kindly; to avoid giving them liquor; and to be cautious what they speak before them: as all of them understand english, and ought not to be affronted.


Title: To George Washington from Andrew Lewis, 28 October 1756
From: Lewis, Andrew
To: Washington, George

Sir
Augusta Octr the 28th 1756

I Received a Letter from Capt. Paris Deated the 21t of ⟨thi⟩s Month, he tels me that he Sent for Guns and other Necessarys for the Indians with him. the Indians are highly pleased with the Arms and the Large preparations made for them the wareour proposed sending a Runar to the Nation with one of the guns, and Likewis to Aqueant them what is provided for them. he makes no Dout of a great Numbers Coming in. he would not Do any thing in the Mater Before he had my Aprobation. I aproved of his Scame and has wrot to Capt. Pearis to Dress the Runar as well as posable and send a white man with him which is the wareours Desire, I have wrot to Outosity and aquented him of Evry thing prov⟨ide⟩d he will publish it in that Nation if he has not Marched Before he Receivs my Letter—the Indian and white men who were apointed to go to Houlsons River is Now on thire March in Order to make the Discovery—the Enemey are Frequantly Seen Neare Vauss, what few Indians we have are there Now, in Sarch of them.
Sir as Sarjt McCully has ben in the Service from the Begining and has Behaved well, I hop Sir you will Advance him. he has been Long over Lookd.
I ame Much Recovered I purpos to take my Journy for Willmsburg to Morrow or Nixt Day I ame Sir your most obedt & very Hume Sert

Andw Lewis


Title: Orders, 29–30 October 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Greenwich.
[29, 30 October 1756]Winchester, Friday 29th October, 1756.

The Guard to be reduced to a corporal and six men.

Cumberland.
Winchester, Saturday 30th October, 1756.

The men to parade at 12 o’clock to-morrow, on beating the Long Roll, to attend prayers.


Title: Adam Stephen’s Council of War and George Washington’s Comments, 30 October 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

[Fort Cumberland, Md., 30 October 1756;
Winchester, 5 November 1756]

   A Council of War, held at Fort Cumberland October 30th 1756. in pursuance of an order received from Colonel George Washington; agreeable to an order from Governor Dinwiddie; to consult whether it is most for the advantage of His Majesty’s Service, to keep or demolish Fort-Cumberland.
Present.
Lieut. Colo: Adam Stephen, President.

                  Capt. Wm Bronaugh
                  }

                  {
                  Capt. Hen. Woodward

                  Capt. Robt Spotswood

                  Capt. Chas Lewis

                  Capt. Wm Peachy

                  Lt Peter Steenbergen

                  Lt Austin Brockenbrough
                  Members
                  Lt James Baker

                  Lt Mordecai Buckner
                  Ens. Wm Dangerfield

                  Ensn Edwd Hubbard

                  Ens. Nathl Thompson

                  Ens. Charles Smith

                  Ens. Jno. Lawson

                  Ens. Griffin Pert

In the first place, the particular situation and structure of the Fort was considered—namely, Its being built of stockades about nine feet high above ground and never intended for defence against artillery—That it is commanded by a rising ground about 150 yards N.W. of the stockades, and over-looked by several Hills within cannon-shot; so that no person can move about the place without being seen. This is verified in the instance of a french spy lately taken; who gave an account exactly of the number of Sergeants and Soldiers in the Garrison. That the Barracks are without the Fort; ill-built, & easily set on fire by the enemy; as any number of men can come under the banks of potomac and Will’s Creek, within pistol-shot of the Barracks, and fort itself; without being exposed to a shot from cannon or small arms. That notwithstanding its small strength & situation, it is the only place to the southward of Albany, exposed to an attack from Cannon, as there is no other road for Carriages of any kind, leading thro’ any pass of the Alleghany mountains.

That there is no water to be had, except from the river or creek; to the latter of which there is a subterraneous passage opened lately, but not to be depended upon, without a strong Garrison to defend it. Secondly: As to the situation of Fort Cumberland respecting Virginia in particular, it was considered—That it was a great distance from the inhabitants, and consequently the more difficult to be supplied with provisions, &c. That a strong Fortress with a numerous garrison situated some where toward the head of the waters of patterson’s-creek, wou’d contribute more to the immediate protection of the Frontiers, as that wou’d be nearer the inhabitants, and as near the enemy and warriors paths, much frequented by scalping parties of them, designed against the Virginia frontiers. Thirdly: Upon consideration of the situation of Fort Cumberland, as it regards His Majestys service, and virginia, maryland, and Pennsylvania, in general. It appears, that a strong Fortress near that place, or more advanced towards the enemy, well garrisoned, is absolutely necessary, and wou’d be of the greatest service for the protection of the Frontiers of the three colonies—for the following reasons. 1st The nearer we are to enemy, well supported, the more will they dread our incursions; and we the more easily command the passes of the alleghany mountains. 2ly It appears to us the most imprudent step, to leave the only road fit for wheel-carriages, in the power of the enemy. 3ly—The command of the River Potomack, being one of the principal objects which the enemy has in view on this quarter—is by all means to be guarded—Their being masters of it, wou’d forward their designs, & help them to penetrate more readily into the Heart of the Country. It is to be observed, that it is only about 70 miles land-carriage, from the river of monongehela to this place, & that the advantageous navigation by small craft and battoes, is well known to the french. 4thly—That Fort Cumberland is about 30 miles from Ray’s-town, on the Frontiers of Pennsylvania, thro’ which passes an indian road, much frequented by the enemy, marching against that province, and the Frontiers of Maryland: That it is not much farther from the waters of a creek called the Loyal Hanan, alias, Camihony; upon which lies the common hunting ground of the Indians as they march to and return from war—That the infesting these roads and interrupting them thereabouts wou’d contribute

most of all to the protection of the three provinces, next to making incursions into the enemys country, and going against their Towns.
It has likewise been considered, that the moving the Guns, &c. from Fort Cumberland to Winchester would raise the spirits of the Enemy, and encourage them to make a vigorous attack upon some of the small Forts, and the Inhabitants of the Branch—That it wou’d be leaving every thing to chance, and running the greatest risque of losing all, to move them to any other place on the frontiers, before provision is made for reception of the Stores, and mounting of the cannon. In case they are removed to Winchester, there is the greatest reason to think, that the whole South-Branch Settlement will break up, and that the neighbourhood of Winchester, nay even to the blue-ridge of mountains, will in a short time be as much depopulated, as the neighbourhood of Fort Cumberland is at present. After a deliberation of two days on the above circumstances—the Question being proposed—What was most advisable to be done? It was unanimously agreed as follows; vizt That being sensible of the great advantages of a strong Garrison in Fort Cumberland, or at a place further to the westward; to His majestys Service—that Garrison with equity to be supported and maintained by the three provinces as it would contribute equally to the protection of all, and be of the greatest service, in case of an expedition carried on from potomack to Ohio in the Spring. Fort Cumberland and the Store-houses there wou’d be particularly useful; but in the mean time, to pretend to mention a Fort most exposed to an attack of any on the continent, with a Garrison of 160 men, and the place not proof against cannon, would be ridiculous & absurd.
The matter being of so great importance, it is possible, that on a just representation of circumstances, His Excellency, The Right Honble The Earl of Loudon, will give orders about strengthening His majestys Fort at Wills-Creek and reinforcing the Garrison; so as to make it useful in covering the frontiers of the three provinces. We also are of opinion, that as the designs of the Enemy against this place may be retarded for some time, by the late capture of a couple of their Spies; and that their intelligence received from Deserters will be rendered of less effect, from the pulling down the Redoubt, and erecting a sort of

 in another place—That it is most advisable to apply to Colonel Washington for an immediate reinforcement to the Garrison—That some of the most valuable Stores, not immediately useful for the defence of the Fort, be removed to Winchester—That the works begun for the strengthening the Fort, by orders of the Commandant, upon hearing the Enemy were on their march against it, be continued—and that we defer giving our Judgment with respect to keeping or demolishing Fort-Cumberland—the only fort belonging to His Majesty on this Quarter—and desire that our consideration of the case, and narration of circumstances, be transmitted to Governor Dinwiddie, to whom, or to His Excellency, the Right Honble the Earl of Loudon, we leave the decision of the fate of Fort Cumberland—Resolving in the mean time to maintain it as far as lies in our power, until we receive Orders on that head, begging that we may do so as soon as possible: Having certain intelligence of the enemys designs against us, as soon as it shall be in their power to attack us.
Remarks on the Council of War Vizt
Upon receiving Orders from His Honour Governor Dinwiddie to hold a Council of war upon the necessity of continuing or discontinuing Fort Cumberland—I immediately directed Lt Col. Stephen (it being impracticable to attend myself, while absent on a tour reviewing the southern frontiers) to summon the Officers of that Fort, and the neighbouring Garrisons to take the affair into their serious consideration. Their Sentiments in my opinion are fully & impartially delivered on the other side; both in respect of its condition, situation & importance, as respecting Virginia, and the provinces of Pennsylvania & maryland in general. The situation of Fort Cumberland is extremely unsuitable for defence, and in no ways fit for fortification—and a fort some-where in that neighbourhood rather more advanced to the westward, well fortified and strongly garrisoned, wou’d contribute much to the mutual safety & interest of these three Colonies—Because it secures the only gap of the Alleghany at present made passable for wheel-carriages, and which wou’d forward an Expedition to the Ohio. Now, wou’d the three Colonies consent to furnish proportionable supplies for so beneficial and salutary a design—I shou’d think it highly

expedient to mantain that pass by erecting a Fortress of strength towards the Little-Meadows, in advance to the Enemy; which wou’d give us yet more advantages, and Fort-Cumberland wou’d still answer its present purposes, without attempting its improvement while covered by the other. Or should Virginia herself take the weight of this Enterprize—or could it be accomplished by any means whatever, I shou’d be extremely fond of the expedient. But to view Fort Cumberland in its present defenceless posture, relative to Virginia in particular, and at this gloomy juncture of affairs—I can not entertain very favourable sentiments of supporting it for these reasons vizt—1st ’Tis evident the maryland assembly have given up all their lands above the Tonollaways, by building Fort-Frederick below—ordering in the Inhabitants above—and withdrawing their Troops from Fort Cumberland. From them we may expect small succours—and what hope we may have of Pennsylvanias aid towards this salutary purpose; I am yet to learn. They have large & extensive frontiers, and have hitherto acted on the Defensive.
2ly—Fort Cumberland lying in the province of Maryland, & remote from our Settlements, can of course contribute little to their protection; without a numerous garrison is kept therein to detach strong parties to reconnoitre at a distance, and way-lay the enemy almost at their own homes; as there are various paths that lead to the inhabitants, without coming near Fort Cumberland.
3ly Fort Cumberland being in maryland, it prevents a great part of our Force from acting there; in consequence of an Act of Assembly, prohibiting those Troops to march out of the Colony. These forces, thus restricted, are to be discharged the 1st December; by which means not only Fort Cumberland, but many other places will be rendered so weak (without immediate supplies; and how easily these are obtained, I appeal to sad experience!) that their conquest wou’d be easy, if attempted. Lastly—As to the works—they are already well described, as quite insufficient to resist a common swivel; and must require new improvement, if continued; which wou’d be better bestowed on a new and more suitable situation: and without the Conjunction of the two provinces to carry on this proposal, it wou’d be next to impossible for Virginia (which has hitherto defrayed the charge, and refuses any further supplies for that purpose)

to maintain and support His Majestys fort under their present feeble force. For, by putting a Garrison there of strength requisite to defend it, and keep up the difficult communication with the inhabitants at so great a distance; wou’d employ more than half our men, and of consequence unguard the rest of our frontiers.
As to the Address of the council to me for a reinforcement—they must have known that it was out of my power to grant it. The Garrison at that place was appointed in consequence of a former council of war; and a large proportion of our force allotted to act on the defensive there. whilst the remainder were divided for the protection of other places; which wou’d be equally unadvisable to leave open and exposed.
Upon the whole; were it at any other time than this—knowing the weakness of our strength—doubting the assistance of our neighbours—and dreading the consequence of leaving the place longer exposed, altho’ great part of the Stores is already removed: I shou’d vote for demolishing it. But the affair being of great importance, I only offer my sentiments; and submit to his Honor the Governor, and the approaching Assembly, for a determination of the case.

G:W.
November 5th 1756


Title: Orders, 31 October 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Bedford.
Winchester, Sunday 31st October, 1756.

Officers commanding Companies to set about making out their pay-rolls, in order to have them ready; as Captain Mercer is expected in town this night. So soon as the waggons arrive in town they are to be employed on the Fort; as they can not possibly go to-morrow.


Title: To George Washington from John McNeill, 31 October 1756
From: McNeill, John
To: Washington, George

Sir
Staunton, Octor 31st 1756

Yesterday Mr McClanachan, Colo. Stewart, & Captn Brackanridge Came home here from Willg, and they report, that they made enquirie of the Gover: how they were to be paid for their Servts, and that the Govr deny’d he had given any orders to Inlist Servts nor would have any concern in the matter, I can find by them they are design’d to Cause me some Trouble, therefor Shall be much Oblidg’d if you’ll Send me my Orders in writing wh. I’ll engage to put in execution in no thanks to the ⟨illegible⟩. I belive they intend to Secure me or the Servts. I am Sir your Most Obt Servt

John McNeill


Title: Orders, 1–5 November 1756
From: Washington, George
To:

Colchester.
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5 November 1756]Winchester, Monday the 1st November, 1756.

Philadelphia.
Winchester, Tuesday the 2d November 1756.

Lt Lowry with one Sergeant & 25 men, to parade at 12 o’clock; and march as an Escort for the waggons. The men to be picketted; taking those who are least useful at the works. Detail for the party—

                  The Colonel’s company
                  4
                  }

                  Capt. Mercers
                  11
                  25 Rank & file

                  Lt Williams’s
                  10

The Quarter-master to deliver out arms for all the waggoners; taking their receipts for them.

Alexandria.
Winchester, Wednesday the 3d November, 1756.

Bethlem.
Winchester, Thursday the 4th November 1756.

Cambridge.
Winchester, Friday the 5th November, 1756.


Title: To George Washington from Robert Stewart et al., 5 November 1756
From: Stewart, Robert
To: Washington, George

Sir
Camp At Maidstone Novemr 5th 1756

We are inform’d that a vagancy has lately happen’d in your Regiment, by the Resignation of Ensign McCarty, and begs leave to Recommend the Bearer Mr Speake, a young Gentn who has ever since he join’d us, made the study of his Profession

the principal object of his care and attention; he has with chearfulness undertaken and with the utmost Spirit and alacrity executed, every kind of Duty that has occurr’d in the course of his service, he constantly embrac’d every opportunity of exposing himself to dangers and Fatigues and with uncommon ardour and keeness sought after Action; he has on all occasions strickly adher’d to the principles of Virtue and Honour (as far as we are judges) which adds such a Lustre to his Genteel and unexceptionable behaviour as gives us very sanguine hopes of this Young Soldier; In fine we could say a great deal more in his favour, tho’ perhaps not so much as is due to his Merit but that we judge it Superfluous to a person who seems to make a Point of doing Impartial justice to all who have the pleasure of serving under you, and the declaration you was pleas’d to make in the General orders of last Janry would render even this unecessary did we not dread that a multiplicity of Important affairs in which you are immers’d, might possibly make some things escape your memory, and give way to the Pressing Sollicitations of others whose Friends may be more asseduous and perhaps less remote, To this Mr Speake and we wou’d willingly ascribe his being already superceeded by Mr Lawson; As we are influenc’d by no other motive, than a regard to Merit and his Title of Seniority (which we conceive Justice has endespensably oblig’d us to remind you of it.) We doubt not but your good Nature will readily enduce you to excuse this Trouble from them who have the Honr to be With great Respect Your Most Obedt & Most hume Servts

Robert Stewart
Christr Gist
John Campbell
Henry Russell
Wm Crawford