Title: General Orders, 8 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                     Head Quarters before York Monday October 8th 1781
                     Parole Paris
                     Countersigns, St Malo Granville

                  For the Trenches tomorrow
                  Major General LincolnBrigadier General Clinton
                  Major General Lincoln’s Division will mount in the Trenches tomorrow.
                  For the present the Jersey troops under the immediate command of Colonel Dayton are to be formed into one battalion under the orders of Colonel Ogden, Lieutenant Colonel DeHart, and Major Hollinshead.
                  The Regiment lately commanded by Colonel Scammell is to be formed into two Battalions, one to be commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Huntington and Major Rice: the other by Lieutenant Colonel Laurens. Aid to the Commander in Chief and Major Cummings.
                  Lieutenant Colonel Laurens will join his corps whenever it mounts the Trenches.
                  The Commander in Chief is extremely sorry to see that notwithstanding there is a plenty of wood in the vicinity of the different incampments a practice prevails of burning rails and thereby adding to the distresses of the inhabitants who have sufficiently suffered by the ravages of war.  He calls in the most express manner upon the commanding officers of Corps to put a stop to so pernicious a practice.
                  A Serjeant and twelve from the Militia to be sent to Williamsburgh and put under the orders of Mr Morris Deputy Quarter Master for the purpose of procuring Wood for the Hospital and Bakery.
                  An Orderly man to be sent from each division to the General Hospital they will take their orders from Doctor Craik.
                  After Orders
                  As the Service of the Trenches unites the double object of defending a post and prosecuting the Works of the Siege, the troops that mount are all in rotation to be employed on Fatigue—The Major General commanding will take care that such dispositions are made that the Labour may be equally shared by the whole: that the fresh succession of fatigue men may enable the Soldier to work with the greater vigour and alacrity, and the several parties may be contiguous to their respective alarm posts, where the men called out for work are previously to lodge their arms in order, that in case of a Sally they may resume their stations in the Line with the greatest promptness and regularity.
                  The Gabions and other materials for the Siege are in future to be provided by Corps.
                  The Adjutant General will apportion the number to be required of each corps— which number is to be kept constantly complete—A regimental officer is always to superintend and see that the Dimensions of the several materials required are conformable to the regulation of the 6th instant.
                  One third of the Militia is to be on duty each twenty four hours, one half of that number to mount at six ô clock in the morning and be relieved by the other half at five in the evening.  The officer commanding them to be responsible that the men are regularly supplied with Provisions agreeably to General Orders.  They are to Parade in front of the Enemy’s old works near the Mill-dam and be employed as the Major General of the Trenches shall direct.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Forrest, 8 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Forrest, Thomas

                     Sir
                     Camp before York 8th October 1781.

                  It is some time since I received yours of the 4th Augt inclosing your Commission and desiring a discharge from the service for the reasons therein set forth—I expected to have seen you in Philada and to have informed you that before I could grant such discharge, it was necessary that you should produce Certificates from the Paymaster General and Auditor of the Army and from the Auditor or other proper Officer of the State that all your public Accounts had been settled—There are forms which I make it a rule never to dispense with, and which you will be pleased to obtain and transmit to me.  Your Commission will then be returned with a proper indorsement signifying my acceptance of your resignation.  I am &c.

                     P.S.  There is charge made by Majr Eustis that you took 3 half Johannes’s from a Soldier of the Regt of the name of Harris to procure an able bodied man in his room which has never been done—This you must alas clear up to the satisfaction of the president of the State and procure a Certificate that you have done so.


Title: To George Washington from François-Joseph-Paul, comte de Grasse-Tilly, 8 October 1781
From: Grasse-Tilly, François-Joseph-Paul, comte de
To: Washington, George

                  Monsieur

                     à bord de la Ville de Paris le 8. 8bre 1781

                  j’ai l’honneur d’envoyer à Votre Excellence, le Capitaine Lilly.  Employés, je vous supplie, tous les moyens possibles pour l’Engager à nous trouver d’autres Pilottes; nous en avons le plus grand besoin, et si nous n’en trouvons pas, nous ne pourrons satisfaire à vos demandes, malgré toute votre bonne volonte.  je prie Votre Excellence de ne le garder que le moins de temps possible et de le renvoyer tout de suitte au Vaillant.
                  je suis charmé que cette occasion m’en fournisse une de vous reiterer les assurances de l’áttachement respectueux de  avec lequel j’ai l’honneur d’être De Votre Excellence Le três humble et três obéissant serviteur

                     Le Comte de Grasse


Title: From George Washington to William McPherson, 8 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: McPherson, William

                     sirHead Quarters Before York 8th Octo. 1781

                  some Days ago I received your Letter of the 7th Sept. requestg Employment in the Army, now in Virginia.
                  I feel a Disposition to comply with your Wishes, but the several Comands are already so fully assigned, that I am persuaded I shall not have it in my Power to locate you to any particular Service—so far as you can be employed in the general Rotine of Duty in Line at large, I shall be glad to gratify you, if you shall think proper to come in to join me.


Title: From Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. to George Weedon, 8 October 1781
From: Trumbull, Jonathan, Jr.
To: Weedon, George

                  Dr Sir

                     Head Quarters near York 8th Octo. 1781

                  The General going to the Trenches, directs me to inform you that no Boats can be obtained on this side the River for our Comunication, but that, if you can provide them, he approves the Mode much—especially as that when not employed, they may be improved for the Purpose of Guards & Spy Boats; In Case you cannot obtain the Boats—the other Measure proposed by you will be adopted.
                  My Accounts from Genl Greene inform that after a very obstinate Battle fought on the 8th Ulto—& which was very Bloody on Both Sides, he obtained a very compleat Victory, the loss of the Enemy, in killed Wounded & Prisoners, he estimates at 1100—An Accident prevented his Destruction of their whole Army consistg of about 2000—his own Loss about 500—I am Sir Most Respectfully Sir Your most hue Servt

                     Jona. Trumbull Secrtry


Title: To George Washington from George Weedon, 8 October 1781
From: Weedon, George
To: Washington, George

                  Dr Sir
                     Post in Timber Neck Creek Octor 8th 1781
                     half after 11 oclk A. M.

                  Agreeable to your Excellencies Direction consulted Genl Choisy, on a communication with your Camp.  We shall establish two, one by the way of the Fleet which he Thinks the most Secure, and one from this post, where I write you on my knee.  In my Opinion their is no kind of risque from hence as we have a fine View of the River and can destroy any thing Hostile for some distance.  The Boatt will pass with any dispatches from this Camp over to the seat of Colo. William Digges four or five Miles above York.  If your Excellency will Direct a swift moving Patwanger or Boat to be kept nearly at that place under a small Guard of Lt Dragoons, any Intelligence from the two Camps may be communicated in two hours.  Nothing of importance since my last.  We have had various Accounts of my Friend Greens success in the South.  I would thank your Excellency, If you have recd any Official Intelligence respecting it, to advise me.  pray Excuse this Scrawl, write on an Old Church in the pines.  I have the Honor to be with Great respect & Esteem Yr Excellencies Most Obdt Servt

                     G. Weedon

                     P.S.   Vessels can be preserved on the other side rest of sentence is illegible.


Title: General Orders, 9 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                     Head Quarters before York Tuesday October 9th 1781
                     Parole Boston
                     Countersigns Providence Hartford

                  For the Trenches Tomorrow
                  Major General the Marquis de la FayetteBrigadier Generals Muhlenberg, HazenThe Marquis de la Fayette’s division will mount in the Trenches tomorrow.
                  The General has been informed that there are in the Possession of some officers of the Army Negroes who have come out of York.  If there are any such Report of them is to be made immediately to the Adjutant General and if any officer should be found after this Notice keeping in his Service a Negroe under the above description he may depend upon being called to the severest account for it.  This order is to extend to the officers of militia as well as those of the Continental Troops.
                  A Return of the shoes actually wanting by the Continental Troops to be made to the Adjutant General this Afternoon at four ô clock and the regimental clothiers to call at the clothier’s store near Commissary Irwin’s Tent tomorrow morning at eight ô clock for their respective Proportions.
                  A Return of the Names, dates of inlistments terms of service and place of abode of the noncommissioned officers and private men belonging to the State of Connecticut now serving in Colonel Lamb’s regiment of Artillery and in the Companies of Artificers annexed to the Artillery from Colonel Baldwin’s regiment reduced to be given in at the Adjutant General’s office as soon as may be.
                  Persons whose duty does not call them to the Trenches and who Assemble there merely to indulge Curiosity are to walk on the Reverse of the Trenches that they may not interrupt the works.
                  The Officer superintending the Fatigue partys is to be particularly attentive to the Execution of this Order.
                  The regimental Surgeons are to deliver returns of the Sick of their respective regiments at the Flying Hospital every Saturday at twelve ô clock.
                  After Orders
                  The Engineers having made a demand of a large quantity of materials for the Trenches which cannot be dispensed with without very great prejudice to the Service.
                  The General expects he need not say more to induce the commanding officers of Divisions Brigades and Corps to furnish their proportions as hereafter mentioned and have them delivered at the reverse of the Trenches at five ô clock this evening.
                  Muhlenberg’s Hazen’s and Wayne’s Brigades each tofurnish
                  60 Saucissons80 Fascines 200 Palisades
                   800 Pickets
                  Gist’s Brigade to furnish
                  54 Saucissons71 Fascines 190 Palisades
                   760 short pickets
                  The Militia to furnish
                  67 Saucissons89 Fascines 210 Palisades
                   840 short Pickets


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Sim Lee, 9 October 1781
From: Lee, Thomas Sim
To: Washington, George

                     Sir
                     In Council Annapolis 9th Octr 1781

                  Colo. Blaine called on us this Day in his Way to Elk.
                  You may rest assured that nothing within the Compass of our Power shall be omitted to obtain and hasten to your Excellency, Supplies of every Kind.  We have the Pleasure to send 500 Barrels of Flour by Captain Handy in the Schooner Dragon, also 48 Pick Axes 50 Axes, 50 Spades and 140 Shovels.  With sentiments of the most perfect respect and Esteem We have the Honor to be Your Excellcys Mo. obedt & mo. Hble servts

                     Thos S. Lee


Title: To George Washington from Anthony Walton White, 9 October 1781
From: White, Anthony Walton
To: Washington, George

                     Sir,
                     Ruffens Ferry Octor 9th 1781

                  Agreeable to your orders I shall march the Men of my Regt to Richmond.  I can only in a General Manner give your Excellency a State of my Regt the particular Situation of which, I must beg leave to refer you to Doctor Rose for, who will do himself the honor of waiting on you the day after tomorrow.  The Regt Consist at present of two hundred Men & had before I delivered to the Army one hundred Horses, a sufficient number to mount the whole of my men.  I have now only one hundred Men Mounted; & very badly equipt; near half the Saddles they have are borrowed with a promise from the Governor that they should be returnd after the Siege of York; they are very bad & will not last longer than that Period; they have good Stable Jackets & Shirts but have Neither Breeches, Boots, Cloaks, nor Blankets; good Swords  Pistols & Some Caps, all the Cloathing & arms the Men with  at present posses’d of & for the want of Cloaks or Blankets many of them are very Sick; as to the other hundred they are dispersed in Hospitals entirely naked.  This Sir, has been for a Considerable time & is still the Situation of my Regt & I have no reason to believe it will be in a better from any expectations I have from this State.  A Promise was made most of my men by order of Genl Green, some months ago, that they should be mounted, Cloathed & their Bounties paid before the 1st of last month, which Induced many of them to Inlist for the war, they were sent to this State to have the Promise preformed, but I am sorry to say but a small part has been Comply’d with, which makes the Men very uneasy.  The distress’d Situation of my Officers, the Want of Baggage Waggons, & many other matters Doctor Rose will be particular in describing to your Excellency; his Superior abilities, great attachment to the Service, & anxiety for the Regt Points him out, as a proper Person to leave in this State to get the Men Cloathed & equipt I shall be obliged to leave behind, from his bad State of health I have prevailed on him to stay & execute this Business, I shall therefore be glad he may be honord with your Excellencys Instructions, & Commands.  I have the honor to be with much  Res your Excellency’s Most obedt Hble

                     Anth: W: White


Title: General Orders, 10 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                     Head Quarters before York Wednesday October 10th 1781
                     Parole Rochelle
                     Countersigns Brest Antwerp

                  For the Trenches tomorrow
                  Major General Baron SteubenBrigadr Generals Wayne and GistBaron Steuben’s Division will mount in the Trenches tomorrow.
                  That a want of materials may not cause an interruption to the present operations the Corps here after mentioned are directed (agreeably to the 33d article of the regulations for the service of the Siege) to prepare the proportions now assigned them with the utmost dispatch and to keep that quantity always in readiness by replacing the daily consumption.
                  The Saucissons are to be from nine to eighteen feet long the Gabions two and a Half feet wide and three feet high; and the Fascines six feet long.
                  The proportion of these materials to be furnished by the Militia to be apportioned to the several corps by their own Adjutant General.
                  Untill further Orders a Camp colour man to be sent from each Corps every morning at eight ô clock to the Quarter Master General’s Store at the Barn behind Allen’s house for the purpose of repairing the roads and cleansing the environs of the Camp
                  The Quarter Master General will furnish them with Tools and give them their directions.
                     List of trench materials of war


Title: To George Washington from Thomas McKean, 10 October 1781
From: McKean, Thomas
To: Washington, George

                     Sir,
                     Philadelphia October 10th 1781.

                  Mr Robert Starke of South Carolina was appointed Sheriff of one of the precincts of that State since the Revolution, and in the course of his office concerned in the execution of some capital offenders in Ninety six; he is unfortunately a Prisoner in Charles-Town, has been treated in the most inhuman manner, and excluded from exchange, on account (I suppose) of his having put to death under the civil authority some atrocious criminals contrary to the Enemy’s proclamations.  This exclusion and the reason of it are totally inadmissible; and therefore Congress have passed the Act of the 8th instant of which you have a copy inclosed.
                  Your Excellency will also receive the copy of an Act of Congress of the 28th ulto, respecting the depreciation of the pay of the General Officers, which I hope will be acceptable to them.  I have the honor to be, with great regard, Your Excellency’s Most obedient and most humble Servant

                     Thos M:Kean President


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Martin, 10 October 1781
From: Martin, Alexander
To: Washington, George

                     Sir,
                     Williamsborough North Carolina Octr 10th 1781

                  I am sorry to acquaint your Excellency that Governor Burke the 12th of September last was surprized and taken by a party of three hundred Tories at Hillsborough, and immediately born off to Wilmington where the British have had a Post of some Strength for a considerable Time.  They had, it seems, concerted their plan with Address in marching one hundred and fifty Miles on Horseback thro’ Swams and byways undiscovered untill they effected their Purpose.
                  As the Government of this State, for the Time being, hath devolved on me as Speaker of the Senate, I have to request Your Excellency’s Interposition with Lord Cornwallis to have the Governor admitted on parole to his Home, until an Exchange be negotiated for him.
                  Inclosed Your Excellency hath a Letter addressed to his Lordship on this Subject, and remonstrating again Major Craig’s Conduct in detaining a number of good Citizens of this State taken at their Homes without arms before and since the Cartel refered to therein and are now in prison Ships labouring under every Distress.
                  If your Excellency condescends to have any Intercourse with Lord Cornwallis in his present Situation, and Approves of my Application at this Time, please to favour the State with a Flag for this purpose, together with a Letter to his Lordship on the above Subject.
                  I have to inform Your Excellency that a respectable Body of Militia have lately marched against the Banditti of Villains, and if they had Arms equal to their Inclinations now to use them I flatter myself the public peace would soon be restored in this State.
                  Major Craige hath about five hundred British in Wilmington and is secured with five Redoubts against which Cannon ought to operate, of which we have none; two British Gallies and a Frigate lie in the River Cape Fear, which might be safely Captured could the French Admiral spare some proper Vessels, to wit a few Gallies that could run up the River.  Craige will be distressed for provision as the Militia will soon circumscribe his Bounds to a small Compass, and must fall thro’ Hunger if his Vessels were once taken.
                  This matter I submit to Your Excellency that if consistant with the plan of your present Operations against the Enemy, that You will pledge to interpose with the French Admiral in our behalf and have the above Measure carried into Effect.  However should Cornwallis fall into your Excellencys Power, which the American World with the most ardent Expectations are daily looking for, We soon shall be rid of all our Incumbrances from Major Craige and his Abettors.  I have the Honour to be with the most perfect Esteem and Respect Your Excellency’s Most obedient Humble Servant

                     Alex: Martin


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Nelson, Jr., 10 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Nelson, Thomas, Jr.

                     Dear SirHead Quarters 10th October 1781.

                  The Count de Grasse has written to me very pressingly for a further supply of Pilots.  I shall therefore be glad to know whether your Excellency has received any answer from Gloucester on that subject, or whether you have any other prospects of procuring them.  I have the honor to be most Respectfully Yr Excellency’s obt and humble servt

                     Go: Washington

                     There is a Gentleman from the Fleet now waiting an answer.


Title: General Orders, 11 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                     Head Quarters before York Thursday October 11th 1781
                     Parole Augustine
                     Countersigns Savanna Augusta

                  For the Trenches tomorrow
                  Major General LincolnBrigadier General ClintonMajor General Lincoln’s Division will mount in the Trenches tomorrow.
                  The Commander in Chief expects the Commandants of Corps will not only see (agreeably to article 38 of the regulations for the siege) that the dimensions of the materials are conformable to the directions given but also pay particular attention that the Saucissons and Fascines are firmly bound; all that are not fit for use will be rejected at the Deposit of the Trenches and the Corps in Default to make up the deficiency without loss of time.
                  At a General Court martial of the Line held at Camp before York October 2d and continued by adjournments whereof Colonel Dayton is president.
                  Captain Duffy of the fourth regiment of Artillery charged with "Scandalous and Infamous behavior unbecoming the Character of an officer and Gentleman on the night of the 23d and morning of the 24th of September last such as drawing his sword on Captain Ballard, attempting to stab him and firing apistol at him when unarmed also for a most disgraceful breach of friendship in seizing from Lieutenant Blewer a loadid Pistol and snapping the same at him when attempting at Captain Duffy’s own request an amicable settlement of his (Captain Duffy’s) quarrel with Captain Ballard."
                  Also charged by Lieutenant Colonel John Steward with
                  1st Being drunk2d Rioting in the street 3d Abusing a french soldier4 A violation of good Discipline in having "in a seditious and disorderly manner threatned to take a french guard stationed at the Hospital for the security of the sick" was tried.
The Court after mature consideration are of opinion that Captain Duffy drew a sword on Captain Ballard and attempted to stab him when unarmed on the evening of the 23d of September last and on the morning of the 24th drew his sword on Captain Ballard he having me by his side.
                  That Captain Duffy also seized a pistol from Lieutenant Blewer and snapped it at him on the before mentioned evening declaring he would shoot him when Lieutenant Blewer was attempting at Captain Duffy’s own request an amicable settlement of his quarrel with Captain Ballard.
                  It does not appear to the Court that Captain Duffy fired on Captain Ballard or that the pistol Captain Duffy seized from Lieutenant Blewer was loaded.
                  The Court are of opinion that Captain Duffy’s conduct, as found, is a breach of Article 21st Section 14th of the Rules and Articles of war and sentence him to be discharged the service.


Title: To George Washington from William Heath, 11 October 1781
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                     Dear General,Head quarters, Continental village October 11. 1781.

                  All accounts from New York agree that the enemy are at work day and night in refitting their men of war and preparing fire-ships, ten or twelve of which, it is said, will be completed by the 14th—I hope the account which I sent of this the 7th & which was the first knowledge I obtained of it, reached your Excellency.  The fire-ships are taken from the transports and Goodriche’s fleet—they are filled with combustibles, &c. below decks—have guns mounted on their decks—are new painted, and to appearance are the most beautiful ships in the fleet.  It is said 3000 regular troops are to embark on board the fleet as marines—that the fleet when ready will consist of 14 frigates; with these and the fire-ships, without any transports, they intend to make a furious attack on the french fleet.
                  By accounts from general Stark, as late as the 8th instant, every thing indicates an attack on the northern frontiers.  It is said the enemy’s force will consist of two british regiments, one of yeagers, and the collected body of tories, &c. under the command of general Reidesel.  I have ordered the 2d New Hampshire regiment to that quarter—Colonel Weissenfels, a very good regiment of New York levies.  I sent up some time since, with the New Hampshire regiment of militia; these, with the militia of Vermont, who have promised their aid if necessary, and the other neighboring militia, will, I presume, be a force sufficient to repulse any that may be brought against them.
                  We are impatiently waiting the signal of intelligence to shout your victory over Lord Cornwallis.  I have the honor to be With the highest respect, Your Excellency’s Most obedient servant,

                     W. Heath

                     P.S.  I am exceedingly sorry to find by general Stark’s letter, that he has tried at a court-martial and executed Loveless who came with very particular written instructions to seize a prisoner from the neighborhood of Saratoga, in which attempt he and his party were taken which was some time since mentioned.  His having written instructions—the tenor of them and the party being armed, I think clearly barred the idea of his being a spy—And upon what principle he was executed, I am at loss to determine—and am apprehensive it will make us some difficulty.  It may be best to say as little about it as possible at present.  I have the honor to be, &c. as before.

                     W. Heath


Title: General Orders, 12 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                     Head Quarters Before York Friday October 12th 1781
                     Parole Champaigne
                     Countersigns Breston Narbonne

                  For the Trenches Tomorrow

                  Major General Marqs de la FayetteBrigadiers General Muhlenberg & HazenThe Marquis de la Fayette’s division will mount on the trenches tomorrow.
                  The superintendant of the Deposit of the trenches is requested to have the quality of the Saucissons Fascines and Gabions brought to the Deposit accurately inspected; to reject such as are not fit for use, and Report the Corps that offer them.


Title: From George Washington to William Heath, 12 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

                  Dear Sir
                     Head Quarters before York 12th Octo. 1781

                  Your Favor of the 25th ulto reached me Yesterday.  I am obliged by the Attention you pay to giving me every important Intelligence from your Department—Other Accounts, as well as yours, agree, that the British fleet suffered much in the Action with Count de Grasse—and that, in Consequence of this shattered Condition of their fleet, the Transports had returned to N. York, and debarked their Troops on Staten Island—The naval Engagement between the two fleets appears to have been of much greater Importance than was at first estimated.  Digby’s Arrival will scarcely reinstate the British—and the French will still be found greatly superiour both in Numbers & Position.
                  In my last to you, of the 6th inst. I informed that our Trenches would be opened that Night—they were so—without Discovery from the Enemy, untill Day Light—and our Approaches were carried within 600 Yards of the Works without Loss.  The 7th & 8th were employed in erectg Batteries—On the 9th two Batteries—one on the Right—& another on the left, were opened—the next Morng—4 Others being compleated, the whole opened a heavy Fire of Cannon & Mortars, which soon became so warm, as to drive the Enemy from their Guns—their Fire was almost totally silenced—& very little Return has since been made.
                  The Charon of 44 Guns, with one Transport, took fire from our Shot or Shells, the Evening of the 10th & were both consumed—Yesterday another Ship was destroyed in the same Manner.
                  Last Night our second Parallel was advanced within less than 400 Yards of the Enemys Lines—this Approach was also effected without Annoyance; & this Morng our fatigue Men are securely covered, while they are compleating their Work—The Conduct of Lord Cornwallis is really surprizing—a few Days will probably explain it—With much Regard & Esteem I am Dear Sir Your most Obet Servant

                     Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Sim Lee, 12 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Thomas Sim

                  Sir

                     Head Quarters Before York 12th Octobr 1781

                  I was yesterday honored with your Excellency’s favor of the 3d—Give me leave to return you my sincerest thanks for your exertions on the present occasion— the supplies granted by the State are so liberal, that they remove every apprehension of Want. Colo. Blaine has gone himself over to the Eastern shore to see that the Cattle from thence are brought down to the proper landing where they will be slaughtered and the meat sufficiently salted to be transported by Water, proper measures have been taken by the Commissaries to receive the Cattle of the Western Shore and to have them driven by land. Arrangements have also been made to send up the Craft for Flour as fast as they discharged their lading of Stores.
                  I will desire Colo. Stewart to send up all the empty Flour Barrels that can be made of further use.
                  We opened our first parallel on the night of the 6th and established it compleatly with a loss too trifling to mention. Our shells have done considerable damage in the Town, and our fire from the Cannon has been so heavy and well directed against the embrazures of the Enemy’s Works, that they have been obliged, during the day, to withdraw their Cannon and place them behind their Merlins—The Charon of 44 Guns and two large Transports have been burnt by hot Balls. The Guns and Stores had been previously taken out of the Frigate.
                  We last night advanced our second parallel within 300 yards of the Enemy’s Works, without the least annoyance from them.  Lord Cornwallis’s conduct has hitherto been passive beyond conception—he either has not the means of defence, or he intends to reserve himself untill we approach very near him.  A few days must determine whether he will or will not give us much trouble.  I have the honor to be with great respect Your Excellency’s Most Obedt Servant

                     Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Thomas McKean, 12 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: McKean, Thomas

                     SirHead Quarters Before York 12th October 1781.

                  My last dispatch to your Excellency was of the 6th  I then informed you that we should open Trenches on that night—we did so, and established our first parallel within 600 Yards of the enemy’s Works with the loss of only one Officer of the French Artillery wounded and 16 privates killed and wounded, the greater part of which were of the French line.
                  The 7th and 8th we were employed in compleating the 1st parallel and in erecting Batteries somewhat advanced of it.
                  The 9th at 3 OClock in the Afternoon the French Battery on the left of four 12 pounders—six Mortars and Howitzers opened, and at 5 O Clock the American Battery on the right of six 18 and 24 pounders—two Mortars and two Howitzers opened also.  We were informed that our shells did considerable execution in the Town, and we could perceive that our shot, which were directed against the enemy’s embrazures, injured them much.
                  The 10th—two French Batteries—one of Ten 18 and 24 pounders—and six Mortars and Howitzers—the other of four 18 pounders opened as did two more American Batteries—one of four 18 pounders the other of two Mortars—The fire now became so excessively heavy, that the enemy withdrew theier Cannon from their embrazures—placed them behind the Merlines, and scarcely fired a shot during the whole day.  In the evening, the Charon Frigate of 44 Guns was set on fire by a hot Ball from the French Battery on the left and intirely consumed.  Her Guns and Stores had been taken out.  By the report of a deserter, our shells, which were thrown with the utmost degree of precision, did much mischief in the course of the day.
                  Yesterday morning two of the enemy’s Transports were fired by hot shot and burnt.  This has occasioned them to warp their shipping as far over to the Gloucester shore as possible.
                  We last night advanced our second parallel within 300 yards of the enemy’s Works with little or no annoyance from them.  Only one Man was killed and three or four wounded.  I shall think it strange indeed if Lord Cornwallis makes no vigorous exertions in the course of this night, or very soon after.
                  I cannot but acknowledge the infinite obligations I am under to His Excellency the Count de Rochambeau—The Marquis St Simon commanding the troops from the West Indies—the other General Officers, and indeed the Officers of every denomination in the French Army, for the assistance which they afford me.  The experience of many of those Gentlemen in the business before us, is of the utmost advantage in the present operation.  And I am sensible it must give your Excellency and Congress the highest pleasure to know that the greatest harmony prevails between the two Armies.  They seem actuated by one spirit—that of supporting the honor of the Allied Arms and pushing their approaches with the utmost Vigor.  I have the honor to be with perfect Respect and Esteem Your Excellency’s Most obt and very hble servt

                     Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Thomas McKean, 12 October 1781
From: McKean, Thomas
To: Washington, George

                     (private)
                     Sir,
                     Philadelphia October 12th 1781.

                  I had the honor of writing last to your Excellency on the 26th September.
                  Since that time we have had letters from Mr Adams at Paris on the 15th of July, and from Amsterdam on the 3d of August; they confirm what I wrote you last.  On monday the rear of the fleet that sailed from England with Admiral Digby arrived at Sandy-Hook;  it consists of 34 Transports under convoy of a ship of 40 Guns & three frigates.  No more, it is said, are expected.  This information I received late last night from Mr David Foreman at Freehold.
                  Admiral Graves will, it is believed, make a second attempt to relieve Lord Cornwallis he is making every preparation for that purpose, and it is thought will proceed for the Chesapeake immediately.  It may be well to apprize Count de Grasse of this without delay.
                  Sir Henry Clinton sent off three boats with despatches for Lord Cornwallis; one, named the André, carrying a brass six pounder in her bow, eight blunderbusses, and twenty men armed with muskets, sailed on the 26th September last;  the second Sailed on the 28th and the third on the 1st instant; we have taken the two last, and by means of a little address and a promise of pardon to a Tory, who was intrusted with one sett of the despatches,  I found it was hid on the beach where he was taken;  I have procured three Gentlemen of ingenuity and fidelity to proceed to little Egg harbour with the fellow in quest of it.  The beach is so extensive and so many places like each other, that it is not yet found, tho’ the man is believed to be perfectly sincere in his wishes to recover it.  The Gentlemen went from this on Sunday, and I expect their return to morrow;  you shall know the result as soon as they arrive.  In the meantime the boat which first sailed should be looked for by the Fleet; I have written to the Presidents of Delaware and the Eastern Shore of Maryland to watch for her.
                  We shall be obliged to compleat Colo. Armand’s Legion, and I despair of doing it with Americans, if all the Field Officers are French Gentlemen.  There is now a vacancy by the resignation of the Major and if the Colonel would approve of Captain Allen McLean, who is now on half pay, to be his Major, it would save the half pay, oblige a very deserving Officer, be a means of speedily filling his corps, and greatly tend to the public benefit: I should be happy if you and the Colonel were of this opinion.
                  Captain Gilland is said to be arrived in the Frigate Charles-Town in Casco Bay.  He has cloathing &c. for Congress to the amount of ten thousand pounds sterling & upwards, and I believe a Million & an half of livres.  It is fortunate arrival & I sincerly congratulate you upon it; for I now flatter my self your army will be well cloathed & paid in future.
                  The Express delivered your favor of the first instant only last night; it shall be laid before Congress this morning.  I have the honor to be, with the greatest esteem, Sir, Your Excellency’s Most obedient Servant

                     Thos M:Kean


Title: From George Washington to Francisco Rendón, 12 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Rendón, Francisco

                     SirHead Quarters Before York 12th October 1781.

                  I was yesterday honored with your favor of the 2d.  It gives me pleasure to find so good a disposition in Don Barnardo de Galvez to concert his operations in such a manner agt the common enemy that the interests of His Catholic Majesty and those of ourselves and our Ally may be mutually benefitted—You must be sensible that, in the present political situation of Affairs, I cannot, with any degree of propriety, in behalf of the United States propose any joint plan of operations to Don Galvez—tho’ I flatter myself that difficulty will be ‘ere long removed—Neither can I at this time determine whether we shall be able to act offensively against the enemy in South Carolina and Georgia—That will in great measure depend upon the Naval assistance we shall be able to derive from our Ally—of this you may assure Don Galvez that should any offensive plan be formed and which is to be undertaken by the Allied Arms, I will use my influence with the French Commanders to give him due notice, should I not be able to open a correspondence with him myself—In the mean time you may inform him that he cannot make a more powerful diversion in favor of the southern States than by pushing his Arms agst East Florida.
                  I am obliged by the extract of Don Galvez’s letter to the Count de Grasse explaining at large the necessity he was under of granting the terms of Capitulation to the Garrison of Pensacola which the Commandant required—I have no doubt, from Don Galvez’s well known attachment to the cause of America but he would have refused the Articles which have been deemed exceptionable, had there not been very powerful reasons to have induced his acceptance of them.
                  We opened our first parallel on the night of the 6th, and established it compleatly with a loss too trifling to mention—Our shells have done considerable damage in the Town, and our Fire From the Cannon has been so heavy and well directed against the embrazures of the Enemy’s Works, that they have been obliged, during the day, to withdraw their Cannon & place them behind their Merlens.  The Charron of 44 Guns and two large Transports have been burnt by hot Balls.  The Guns & Stores had been previously taken out of the Frigate.
                  We last night advanced our second parallel within 350 yards of the Enemy’s Works, without the least annoyance from them.  Lord Cornwallis’s conduct has hitherto been passive beyond conception.  he either has not the means of defence, or he intends to reserve himself untill we approach very near him.  A few days must determine whether he will or will not give us much trouble.


Title: From George Washington to George Weedon, 12 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Weedon, George

                  Dear Sir

                     Head Quarters before York 12 Octo. 1781.

                  A small armed french Brig, with some other Vessels, being up the York River, near Westpoint under Direction of Monsr De Camus, which might be made usefull in our Operations, in Case the french Ships should pass above York—Monsr De Camus has applied to me to obtain, if possible, a Number of Men from the Army to assist him on Board the Brig—I have therefore to desire, that you will endeavour to obtain a Number of the Militia from your Side, to enter as Volunteers for this Service—which is to continue only during the Time of the Siege, for the Purpose of Securing the Navigation of the River above the Town, protectg their Boats, & keeping open the Communication between our two Camps—and not to be extended below York.
                  I wish also a Number of Oarsmen to be selected to be put into the Boats which may be in Metappony & Pamunkey Rivers, which are to be collected near West Point—and which, in the Course of Events, may prove of great Importance—One hundred & fifty Men may answer both Purposes.
                  If the Men can be obtained, you will be pleased to inform Monsr De Camus by Letter at West point and consult Measures with him, to effect the purposes abovementioned—and send an intelligent Officer to have the Boats in the two Rivers collected at the Place most proper for their Security: And in Case the french Ships from below should pass the Town of York, you will have the Men imediately employed in the Service proposed, in such Manner, as may be agreed between you & Mr De Camus. With much Regard & Esteem I am Dear Sir Your most Obedt Servant

                     Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Moore Fauntleroy, 13 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Fauntleroy, Moore

                  Sir

                     Head Quarters—Before York the 13th Day of Octo. 1781

                  You will march with the Detachment of the 4th Regt of Dragoons which are equipped, to Richmond, where you will meet a Detachment from the 3d—when the Detachments join, they are to proceed, as expeditiously as possible, under the Command of the eldest Officer of either Corps, as it may happen, to the Southern Army, and put yourselves under the Orders of Majr Genl Greene.

                     G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Thomas McKean, 13 October 1781
From: McKean, Thomas
To: Washington, George

                     Sir,
                     Philadelphia October 13th, 3 o’Clock, 1781.

                  Since my private letter of yesterday to Your Excellency respecting the designs of Sir Henry Clinton & Admiral Graves to make a second attempt to releive Lord Cornwallis, I have had it strengthened by other accounts, and have just now received in Congress the Letter from General Heath and its inclosure of which you have copies.  This intelligence is of so much consequence, that Congress permit me to spare so much time from other duties as to forward these dispatches immediately.  I have not yet learned the result of the expedition to the Sea coast, which I mentioned to you in my last.
                  The contents of this Letter I have communicated to Count De Grasse by this Express, to be forwarded by water from the Head of Elk, but beg you will be pleased also to transmit it to him for fear of a miscarriage.  I have the honor to be, Sir, with the utmost regard, Your Excellency’s most obedient humble servant

                     Thos M: Kean President

                Enclosure

                        Sir,
                        October 4th 1781.

                     At the Request of your Correspondent have Procured you the most authentic accounts from New York, through the old Channel, and is thought to be of the utmost importance to you, and is as follows.
                     Sir Henry Clinton is about to Embark with four thousand of his best troops on board of Admiral Graves on Digby’s fleet, and will only have under his Convoy ten fire Ships: And well knowing all is at risk, they intend to make a desperate Attack on the French fleet, and if possible to relieve Cornwallis—This you may depend on, and are preparing with all expedition—It is expected they will be ready to Sail in about Six or Seven days—An Expedition into the Jerseys is hourly expected.

                Enclosure

                        Sir,Head Quarters Contil Village Octr 7th 1781.

                     Between twelve & one oClock this morning I received the enclosed intelligence through a Channel which generally afforded such, as has been authentic.  I forward it by Express, & submit to your Excellency of how much importance it is that the Count de Grasse should have notice of it, if it be possible in season.  A deserter from the Princessa, Admiral Drake’s ship came here last Evening—He informed me that when he came away, the Troops were Embarking at Staten Island—that as he came up to the City, two Scows full of Horses, and one with three pieces of Brass Cannon, twelve or Eighteen Pounders, passed there going down to the Fleet.
                     The Person who sent me the Enclosed intelligence Observes. "Inclosed you will receive a Letter from one of my old Correspondents, which has this moment come to hand, who for particular reasons has been silent for some time.  When I tell you it comes from the same person, whose information you frequently received from me While at Newport, you will judge of the Credibility of his Accounts.  The distresses of the Tories and Loyalists at New York as well as the principal Officers of their Army for Lord Cornwallis, is hard to be described.  My Correspondent informs me that they put the issues of the Contest almost upon his defence or defeat, the latter they expect and almost realize his Capture."  I have the Honor &ca


Title: To George Washington from Richard Peters, 13 October 1781
From: Peters, Richard
To: Washington, George

                     Sir
                     War Office October 13th 1781

                  The Board uneasy under the Situation of the Cloathing and Stores at Boston and not caring to trust them by Water, have dispatched the Clothier General to that place with Orders to bring on the Cloathing and some other Articles to Philadelphia, that the Cloathing may be made up and delivered to the Army as soon as possible.  As to the other Articles imported we have given no Orders concerning Them.  But some immediate Measures should be taken as to all Stores wanted to the Southward as the Roads (if, they are to be transported by land) will e’er long be impassable.  We have waited to hear from your Excellency on this Subject and now trouble you on the Occasion that if in your Opinion the Water Transportation is impracticable according to present Appearances or future prospects immediate Steps may be fallen upon to transport the Articles by Land.  We enclose Copies of our proceedings as to the Articles of which the Clothier General is directed to take Charge.  It need not be mentioned to your Excellency that we have delayed our Measures under a persuasion that you were more competent to judge of the matter by being in Possession of the Intentions of Compte De Grasse who must afford the necessary Cover to the Transportation if it is undertaken by Water.  The Shot, Shells and other Articles requested by General Knox in his supplementary Requisition are in Motion.  We dispatched the Quarter Master of the State to superintend the Removal of the Shot and Shells from the Iron Works and have ordered Mr Hodgdon to the Head of Elk and Johnsons ferry on the Susquehanna to forward the Stores down the Bay in the most expeditious manner.  We have the Honour to be with the highest Respect Your Excellys most obedt Servts

                     Richard Peters
                     By order

                Enclosure

                        Gentlemen,
                        War Office Septr 21st 1781

                     We have directed the Clothier Genl to wait upon you for the delivery of all the Clothing and some of the other articles in your charge belonging to the United States and have the honor to enclose a copy of a Resolve of Congress on this subject in consequence whereof we request you will be pleased to deliver the Clothing, Cavalry Swords, bitts, Stirrups and medicine and his receipt shall be your sufficient discharges for the articles received by him.  We expect speedily to be able to take the necessary measures respecting the other parts of your lading and as soon as circumstances will permit we shall inform you of its destination.  We have the honor to be &c.

                        Richard Peters
                        by order

                        Commanders and Captains of his most Christian Majesty’s Frigates and Transports having charge of the Clothing and articles belonging to the U. States.Boston.

                Enclosure

                        Sir,
                        War Office Septr 24th 1781.

                     As you are so fully possessed from personal conversations with the necessity and designs of the Board in forwarding the Clothing and other articles we have committed to your charge from Boston to Philadelphia it is unnecessary to enlarge on the expediency of using every degree of dispatch in your power.  You have letters from the Board to the Commanders and Captains of the Frigates and transports in which the articles have been imported from France and you will no doubt recive them on application for the purpose.  You will apply to Genl Heath to whom we have written on the subject for the necessary Escorts on the route from Springfield in Massachusetts to Easton in Pennsylvania, From Boston to Springfield we expect a Militia guard will be furnished by his Excellency Governor Hancock whose assistance we have requested and to whom you will apply.  We shall on being informed of the probable time of their arriving, there endeavour to procure a militia guard from Easton to Philada for the Stores. The route we have pointed out is this Springfield, Fishkill, Sussex Courthouse and Easton but if any change of circumstances should happen we leave you at liberty to alter the route so as to insure the safety of the Convoy.  You will keep Genl Heath and this Board duly informed of every circumstance so as that no mistakes be made respecting the route and the times and places when and where guards shall take up the Convoy.  These informations should be given by very confidential Conveyances as the knowledge of the route and movement of the articles should be as secret as possible.  The Quarter Masters in the route have orders to give you every assistance but the means of paying the transportation being furnished to you by orders of the Superintendant of Finance he will no doubt hold you responsible for the most oeconomical expenditure of the money and that you will take advantage of all transportation which can be procured without advance of cash.  You will attend particularly to the situation of the Clothing as to packaging so as to have it in the best possible order for transportation that losses and damage on the road may be avoided.  Careful and responsible Conductors approved if not appointed to you should attend the Clothing and other articles.  The copies of the Invoices with which you are furnished we point out to you like descriptions of articles you are to forward which will consist of all the Clothing procured by Colo. Laurens and arrived at Boston the Horsemans swords, bridle bitts and Stirrups and such of the median as in the opinion of the Director Genl are not wanted for the Northern Army, but you will inform him the purchases can be made in this quarter consistent with the State of the Finances and therefore as any supply for the Southern Army should come and whatever is left at Boston must be deposited with the Depy Quarter Master there, subject to the orders of this Board only.  If any of the articles we have commited to your superintendance shall have been, contrary to your knowledge and intentions delivered to any person in Boston, they are to deliver them to you immediately as we trust solely to you in this business.  We are Sir yours &c.

                        Richard Peters
                        by orders


Title: To George Washington from George Weedon, 13 October 1781
From: Weedon, George
To: Washington, George

                     Dr Sir
                     Camp Seawells Octobr 13th 1781

                  I am honored with your Excellencies dispatch of yesterday; and my utmost endeavors to effect what you recommand.  I saw the Utility of maning and bringing down the River; the Privateer Cornwallis and all the Vessells from Cumberland & Frazers Ferry some time since, and eight days ago with Govenor Nelson on the Subject, supposing he might by his Authority had it instantly adopted, I have this morning sent an Express to Sr John Payton requesting his utmost Exertions amongst the Kingston watermen; and have also Commanded of the Officers of the Militia all their seamen that will turn out Volunteers, these would have been little difficulty in this Business had the Gloster Militia continued with me, but the whole has gone home to a man.  Indeed I wish your Excellency may not suppose us much stronger than we realy are in this Camp.  I can assure you our whole Force does not Exceed Five Thousand Effective men.
                  I have wrote to see the County Lieuts. above this to use every means in thier power to prevent an escape should the Enemy turn themselves on this side York River and force a passage thru the Defences of this Camp.  My directions to them were, to instantly select a body of Chases Axmen who are to be constantly held in readiness, as also a body of Armed men,and upon their first knowledge of the Enemies Advance, they are to brake up the roads & Bridges, Cut down Trees, & Defend every pass as long as in their power.  in short to do every thing that will retard their March.  however, if we are fortunate enough to get some of the French Fleet above York, there will be little danger of this measure, should Lord Cornwallis be ever so much disposed to Attempt it.  I have the honor to be with real respect & attachment.  Yr Excellencies Most obt Servt

                     G. Weedon


Title: General Orders, 14 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                     Head Quarters Before York Sunday October 14th 1781
                     Parole St Vincent
                     Countersigns Grenada Tobago

                  For the Trenches tomorrow
                  Major General Lincoln
                  Brigadier General ClintonMajor General Lincoln’s Division to mount in the Trenches tomorrow.
                  The Effects of the late Colonel Scammell will be disposed of at public Sale tomorrow at three ô clock P.M. at Major Rice’s tent in General Hazen’s brigade.


Title: To George Washington from Charles, marquis de La Rouërie Armand Tuffin, 14 October 1781
From: Armand Tuffin, Charles, marquis de La Rouërie
To: Washington, George

                     Sir,
                     Camp this 14 Octo. 1781

                  the remaining of the legion are quartered in a such sickly place that many of the men being sick & one died few days ago the officers wishes your exellency would permit them to take a quarter two or three miles further where the men can be better accommodated and keep better their health—the quarter which thy request to go at, is near the half way house no further than six miles from yorck.
                  had your exellency not been engaged in such important business I would have taken the liberty to give you an account of the proceedings of Congress towards raising and remounting the legion—they have resolved that four half johann should be given to me for every man enlisted in the legion—& that the number of horses wanted should be furnished—I expect avery days an officer which I left behind at philadelphia to bring on the first advance of money—as soon as he shall arrive & your exellency be more at lessure I beg leave to put the matter under your consideration in a more particular manner.
                  the case I am in—to find at my return from france my troop reduced instead of being increased as it was promised to me by Congress is by all means unfortunate a circumstance for me—I have no command in an opportunity where the french army act with americans—should your exellency have no objections I could perhaps dismount what cavallery remains here & whatsoever small might be that command—I could act with them at the time of the seige where even a small number may be of some advantage—& should be so much the happyer on such an occasion that it would be a means perhaps of giving your exellency a New proof of the very great respect with which I have the honor to be your exellencys, Sir, the most humble obt Stt

                     Armand


Title: To George Washington from François-Joseph-Paul, comte de Grasse-Tilly, 14 October 1781
From: Grasse-Tilly, François-Joseph-Paul, comte de
To: Washington, George

                        Monsieur
                        Á bord de la Ville de Paris le 14. 8bre 1781.

                     J’ai attendû a repondre à Votre Excellence sur son dernier projet, que M. de S. Cosme sur lequel j’ai jettés les yeux pour remonter la riviere, meut rendû compte de la possibilités de cette opération, et des moyens dont il auroit besoin, pour Savoir si je serois en etat de les luy fournir.  il vient d’arriver dans le moment, la journée d’hier ne luy ayant pas permis de se hazarder a venir au large par la force du vent et la grosse mer.
                     De la façon dont m’a parlé cet officier, rien de si possible que de remonter la riviere et canoner les differents Bâtiments refugiés à Gloucester, sans risque que les Batteries et les Brulots puissent l’encommoder, il n’a dit aussi que le passage entre deux feux pour depasser york, nétoit que l’affaire du moment mais qu’une fois dépassé et mouillé.  il seroit chaque nuit exposé aux visittes des Brulots dont la composition me paroit plus facile qu’a Votre Excellence.  puisqu’il ne faut que quelques fascines gaudromées pour faire un Brulot parfait, operation courte et dont les matieres sont faciles a trouver.
                     je sais comme Votre Excellence le bien de ce projet et l’avantage de cette position, mais que Votre Excellence ne fournisse des Bâtiments a ramer en assès grande quantité, pour ne pas craindre le nombre des brulots detachés sur mes Vaisseaux et malgré les risques Boulets rouges dont mes vaisseaux peuvent être atteints je les ferai remonter avec plaisir; mais je ne puis n’y determiner Sans qu’au prèalable Votre Excellence ne me donne au détail des moyens qui mettront ces Batiments dans le cas de ne pas être incendier dans une nuit un peu obscure.
                     M. de S. Cosme montera la riviere et il sera plus même de la remonter au premier ordre, si comme je le pense Votre Excellence veut me donner la dessus une reponse satisfaisante. J’ai l’honneur d’ître avec l’attachement le plus respectueux De Votre Excellence Le très humble et tres obeissant serviteur

                        Le Comte de Grasse

                  TranslationSirOn Board the Ville de Paris 14th October 1781
                     I have delayed answering your Excellency upon your last proposal that Mr de St Cosme upon whom I had pitched to go up the River might render me an account of the practicability of that operation and of the means of which he would be in want, that I might know whether it would be in my power to furnish him.  He arrived this moment, the heavy wind and high sea would not permit him to come sooner.
                     From the manner in which this Officer has spoken to me, nothing is easier than to ascend the River and cannonade the different Vessels which have taken refuge under the Gloucester shore without risque of being incommoded by the Batteries and the Fire ships—He tells me also that the passage between the two fires to pass York is but the affair of a moment; but whenever they have passed and are moored they will be every night exposed to the Visits of the fire ships, the construction of which appears to me easier than to your Excellency, since these wants but some

                         Fascines to make a perfect Fire Ship—a short operation—the materials for it are easy to find.
                     I know as well as your Excellency the good which will result from the project and the advantage of the Position, and if your Excellency can furnish me with a sufficient number of rowing Boats to put me out of danger of the Fire ships which may be detached against my Vessels, I will in spite of the Red Balls with which my Vessels may be injured cause them to ascend the River—But I cannot busy myself to determine upon the matter before your Excellency has given me a detail of the means what will put these Vessels in a situation not to be burned in a night a little dark.
                     Mr de St Cosme will go up the River himself and he will be more ready to go up upon the first order, if, as I think, your Excellency shall give me a satisfactory Answer.  I have the honor &c.


Title: To George Washington from Ebenezer Huntington, 14 October 1781
From: Huntington, Ebenezer
To: Washington, George

                     Sir
                     Camp before York 14th October 81

                  The reason why I askd leave to remain in this part of the Army without Command, was in Consequence of the Reduction of a Regt, the Command of which, by the Fortune of War & the Custom of the Army I supposed’ myself intitled to, which Reduction deprives me of the honnary duties of the Siege while others enjoy it Junior to me, and a much more honorable Command in Camp—I am with Respect & Esteem Your Excellencys Obedt & Humble Servant

                     Eben. Huntington


Title: To George Washington from James Lovell, 14 October 1781
From: Lovell, James
To: Washington, George

                     Evening 14 Octr 1781

                  I gave a Letter for your Excellency this morning to some Gentleman who is connected with the French army.  I now understand it will not reach you in Eight Days, but it will reach you doubtless then.  It was merely to compleat the Account of the Cyphers used by the Enemy.  I found, as I had before supposed, that they sometimes use Entick’s Dictionary marking the Page Column & Word as 115. 1. 4.  Tis the Edition of 1777 London by Charles Dilley.
                  Since I wrote that Letter, I have been happy in decyphering what the President of Congress sends by this opportunity.  The Use of the same Cypher by all the British Commanders is now pretty fairly concluded.  The Enemy play a grand Stake.  May the Glory redound to the Allied Force under Your Excellencys Command.  I am Sir Your obliged humble Servant

                     James Lovell


Title: From George Washington to Martelli Chautard, 14 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Chautard, Martelli

                     Sir
                     Head Quarters Before York 14th Octobr 1781

                  I have been favored with your letter of the 25th of September—I should with the greatest pleasure have complied with your Wishes respecting the exchange of Capt. Segond, could I have gratified them without deviating from a Rule which I have always observed, and without infringing a positive order of Congress which directs that no Officer shall be exchanged out of his turn.
                  I flatter myself that the time is not far distant when the fortune of War will put into our hands a sufficiency of prisoners not only to liberate Capt. Segond but all those who are in the same disagreeable situation. I have the honor to be Sir Yr most obt servt.


Title: To George Washington from Thomas McKean, 14 October 1781
From: McKean, Thomas
To: Washington, George

                     (Private)
                     Sir,
                     Philadelphia October 14th 1781. 8 oClock P.M.

                  My two last letters must, I know from your opinion of my character, have spread the wings of your expectation.  My intelligence was true; the enclosed copies of two original letters from Sir Henry Clinton to Lord Cornwallis, which I have in cyphers; and which have been faithfully decyphered by Mr Lovell (whose key I had the honor to forward to you about a fort night ago) more than prove the fact.
                  I shall make no comment on the letters of Sir Henry, lest I should wade beyond my depth, but I rest assured you will excuse what I think it a duty to add.  From comparing all my secret informations together, I firmly believe the British Admiral has now twenty nine ships of the line, and a very respectable number of Frigates; which, with ten fire-Ships, have probably sailed yesterday for the Chesapeake, having on board between five & six thousand Land forces.  As to the three additional ships, they are supposed to have come from the west Indies, and are said to have arrived the beginning of last week.  Sir Henry expected to be ready to sail on the 5th instant, I am greatly deceived if he sailed before Friday, for I have had faith ful Friends to my self, as well as to the cause, who left the Sea-coast yesterday, some distance, ‘tis true, from the Hook to the South ward, who know nothing of it; and if he had sailed before Friday, I believe they would have known it—These are the Gentlemen who brought me Sir Henry’s dispatches.  Among the letters (all being carefully inclosed in lead) I have found some, that will enable me to prevent some men of Sussex County in the State I have the honor to represent, from doing us much mischief, and perhaps they may enable me to make further discoveries: they have little relation to your immediate concerns, and therefore I shall not trouble you with the contents; except that intelligence is intended to be conveyed to & from Lord Cornwallis by way of the Tanjier Islands in the Chesapeake near the Eastern shore.  I never heard of them before, and not having time to satisfy my self where they lie, must refer it to your enquiry.
                  It is far from my thoughts to intermeddle in the operations of the campaign, but I know you will pardon me for suggesting to Major General Heath, that after Sir Henry Clinton sails, it is my opinion there will not be above thousand land forces left in New-York and its environs, of whom there cannot be above a thousand Regulars, and that therefore it may be adviseable for him to be in readiness to attack it, if he should be so directed by you.  Should you, Sir, think this practicable, or adviseable, there will, in less than a fortnight after I shall have information of it, be five thousand militia to co-operate with him.
                  The use that may be made of the three large smoaks, if you shall have succeeded against Lord Cornwallis, will readily suggest itself to you, and if not, the knowledge of it may prove advantageous.  I am, Sir, with the most perfect esteem, Your Excellency’s Most obedient Servant

                     Thos M:Kean


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Nelson, Jr., 14 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Nelson, Thomas, Jr.

                  Sir
                     Head Quarters 14th October 1781

                  From a representation made to me by Colo. White of the miserable condition of the Men of the 4th Regt of Dragoons for want of Cloathing, I am constrained to apply to your Excellency to know whether it will be possible to procure any for them, even of the commonest kind, as Docr Rose, the Regimental Surgeon, assures me one hundred of the Men are literally naked at this advanced season—Could they be cloathed properly, above 150, who are mounted and tolerably equipped, might march immediately to the southward.  A detachment of 100 have moved from Ruffins to Richmond—they have nothing but stable Jackets and shirts and a few Caps and consequently want Breeches Boots—Stockings—Hats or Caps and other Cloaks or Blankets—perhaps Mr Ross might by an exertion procure the most necessary Articles if not the whole, for it will be in a manner impossible to move them further than Richmond in their present condition—I have the honor to be &c.


Title: From George Washington to Timothy Pickering, 14 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Pickering, Timothy

                  Sir

                     Head Quarters 14th October 1781

                  You will be pleased to have the Flat Boats which are in James River mounted upon Carriages as expeditiously as possible and brought in the first instance into the old Field in front of Head Quarters, where they may remain upon their Carriages till wanted—As soon as they arrive you will apply to the Adjt Genl for a subalterns Guard for them.  I am sir Yr most obt servt.

                  You will have the Boats covered with Boughs.


Title: To George Washington from Timothy Pickering, 14 October 1781
From: Pickering, Timothy
To: Washington, George

                     SirCamp before York Octor l4. 1781 7 OClock P.M.

                  I have this moment returned from Trebells landing, whither I went today to search for the batteaux, a return of which I have now the honour to inclose.
                  About ten days since, when your Excellency was at the landing, I recd by an aid your direction to have the boats collected & repaired.  I had previously committed the care of them to commodore Barron, & urgently requested him to have them collected.  He now informs me that he found at that time, but four or five boats at the landing.  There are five there now, one only of which requires any considerable repair.
                  He had recd none from the french.  I therefore went on board the nearest vessels who had some boats.  Others were with the Romulus a league down the river, & none could be delivered without the order of her commander, For this purpose & to satisfy myself of the number actually in their possession, I went down to the Romulus.  The capt. of her has engaged to have the twelve batteaux under his direction delivered to Commodore Barron by tomorrow morning.  Commodore Barron will himself go to Hog Island to bring over those now there.
                  The six carpenters I brought from Kings–ferry on purpose to repair the boats were by Genl Lincoln’s order (as I understand) left at Elk to repair one of the batteaux.  There they remained till the last of Sept. when they came on in a vessel which has run ashore below, but which Commodore Barron has sent another vessel to relieve.  Two of the carpenters arrived in Camp to day.  I have not seen them nor am informed what is become of their Batteaux.  It was unfortunate that they were left behind.  As they would have attended solely to the boats, most that are now missing would probably have been saved.  I am with the greatest respect Your Excellency’s most obdt serv.

                     Tim: Pickering Q.M.G.

                     P.S.  I asked commodore Barron about the boats of the French Fleet: When the Marquis St Simons army was landed, 45 large boats that would carry from 50 to 100 men each were used: They will land the men so near the shore that the water will be only knee deep.
                     Report of the Batteaux
                     Brought from the North River30Left at Elk1With the French12at Trebells landing5at Hog Island employed in bringing over beef3  20missing930


Title: To George Washington from Silvanus Seely, 14 October 1781
From: Seely, Silvanus
To: Washington, George

                     Sir
                     Camp Connecticut Farms 14th October 1781

                  The Brittish Fleet at New York under the Command of Admiral Digby (a list of which I have inclosed) are making the greatest preparations for Sailing, & the last of them fell down to the watering place this Morning in order to take on board a number of Soldiers (which lay on Staten Island) for Marines.  it is said there are a number of Brittish Grenadiers to be put on Board of each Ship of War, & they have provided them with Granades, in order to fight the French at close quarters—They have likewise by the best Accounts that I can get between fifteen & Twenty fire Ships—There is a learge Embarkation taking Place consisting of both Brittish & Germans a list of which I have inclosed with the number of each as near as I can get but—fear it is imperfect but make no doubt your Excellency is acquainted with the Strength of the difrent Regiments & your being acquainted what regiments are to sail will be sufficient—General Clinton’s Baggage is on board.
                  Your Excellency may think my account of the Fleet too learge but they have drawn some from the West India’s and one from Hallifax exclusive of what arrived with Digby.  I have therefore Noted those that have arived with the place they came from.
                  The Brittish Officers say that they mean to lay the French on board & by their being so well Man’d they expect to overpower them and if they should not succeed their Case being desperate will Justifie them in the attempt—I will watch their Motions & as soon as they Sail will forward it Untill which I am Your Excellencys Most Obedt &c.

                     Silvanus Seely


Title: From George Washington to Charles, marquis de La Rouërie Armand Tuffin, 15 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Armand Tuffin, Charles, marquis de La Rouërie

                     SirHead Quarters l5th October 1781.

                  I have received your favor of yesterday—Whenever you have received your instructions from Congress for the recruiting your Legion, you may be assured that I will, so far as depends upon me, give you every assistance.
                  I look upon your wish to dismount the few Men of your Legion and to serve with them on foot as a fresh mark of your Zeal.  You have my liberty to do it, and when they are ready, if you will be pleased to make report to me I will assign you a post. I am with very great Esteem sir Yr most obt servt.


Title: To George Washington from John Blair, 15 October 1781
From: Blair, John
To: Washington, George

                     Sir,
                     Williamsburg Octr 15th 1781

                  Whatever may be the Determination of your Excellency on the Subject of this Address, I know your Goodness too well to doubt of your Excuse, for my presuming to bespeak a Moment of your Time, however pretious, in listening to a Complaint, prompted by Official Duty; a Complaint which, as Rector of the Governors of William & Mary, I know not how to suppress.
                  The unhappy Vacation, which the Necessities of the War have made much too long, has however been attended with the Advantage of supplying considerable Room for the Purpose of a Hospital; & the French Line are now in Possession of the whole, except the Library, the Apparatus-Room, & the Rooms of Mr Bellini, Professor of Modern Languages, & the only Professor who remains in College; all this, is as great a Supply of Conveniences, as could reasonably be required from one Place—But Mr Bellini has just been with me to inform, that the Commissary has demanded of him the Keys of an out-building called the Granary & other Houses near it in which is a Variety of useful Articles, which can be removed nowhere else, & which must be lost to the College, if this Measure be persisted in; as it will be, unless your Excellency, judging it may without Prejudice to the Army be dispensed with, should think proper to controle the Commissary’s Intentions—I inclose Mr Bellini’s List of the Articles contained in those Houses; & congratulating You sincerely on the Progress of the Siege, & ardently hoping, that a few Days more will see You Master of York, & of Lord Cornwallis with his Army, I beg Leave to assure You that I am, with great Veneration, Your Excellency’s most respectful and obedient Servant

                     John Blair

                Enclosure

                         c.15 October 1781

                     A List of the different Articles contained in the Granary & other houses adjacent to the College of William & Mary.
                     20 Barrils of cornSeveral Large Chests with articles for husbandry.good many chests of glasses for windowsPlanks, Ladders, & different Articles for thereparations of the principal Buildings.a good quantity of Seeds for the Garden—the Pumps; &a good deal of hay, besides a great quantity ofarticles too minute to describe, but of the greatestimportance and necessity for the College.


Title: From George Washington to Ebenezer Huntington, 15 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Ebenezer

                  Sir

                     Head Quarters before York. 15th Octr 1781

                  I have received your Letter of Yesterday, assigning the Reasons which had induced you to decline your Comand here, & to request Liberty to join your Regiment—Your Reasons are two; in both which I must give my Opinion that you are mistaken—As to the first, you must be sensible, that detached Corps both from military Principle, in their Own Nature & from the uniform practice of our army, are subject to Alterations in their Comand, from a thousand contingent Circumstances wch may attend them—the Corps to which you have been attached, has suffered several Alterations in the Course of this Campaign, and the One which has now taken place, was not recently resolved upon as you may be fully convincd of.
                  The Ground of your second Reason—an Exclusion from Duty in the Trenches—was never in my Intention to give you, from the Returns of your Corps, I estimated it to contain two compleat Battalions; One of which, I proposed in my Mind, for your Comand—their Numbers being now found not equal to my Estimation, admits of an easy Remedy—as the same principle which at first forms the Detachments, ordains its being kept constantly full by Drafts from other Corps as often as Casualties happen to reduce their Original Establishment—this would have been the Case in your Instance—and would have preserved your Comand compleatly.
                  I am sorry for the Resolution which you have taken—but since it appears to be your fixed Choice, I comply with your Request, signified in your Letter of the 9th instant—and you have my Permission to remain in this Camp, untill the close of our present Operations—at which Time, you will join your Regiment at the North River, or wherever they may happen then to be—I am &c.

                     G.W.


Title: General Orders, 16 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                     Head Quarters Before York Tuesday October 16th 1781.
                     Parole Domingo
                     C. Signs Antwerp. Bruges

                  For the Trenches tomorrow
                  Major General Baron de SteubenBrigadiers Wayne & Gist
                  Major General Baron de Steuben’s division will mount in the Trenches tomorrow.
                  The Commander in Chief having observed that the Trenches are constantly crowded by Spectators, who by passing and repassing prevent the men from working and thereby greatly impede the operations of the Siege—He therefore Orders that no officer who is not on duty shall hereafter enter the trenches except General Officers and their Aids.  And that no inhabitant or person not belonging to the Army be suffered to enter the Trenches at anytime without permission from the Major General of the Trenches.
                  In future the relief for the Trenches are not to beat their drums after they pass the Mill dam: they are from that place to march silently with trailed Arms and Colours furled untill they arrive at their Posts in the trenches.
                  Lieutenant Colonel DeHart being releas’d from his Arrest, the Court Martial of which Colonel Cortlandt is President will proceed to the trial of the Prisoners confined in the Provost.
                  After Orders
                  The Inspector acting as Major of the trenches is desired to be very particular in making a return of the Officers and Men Killed and wounded in the Trenches as well Militia as Continental, during their tour, which they will deliver in to the Superintendant of the Deposit of the Trenches, immediately on being relieved.


Title: From George Washington to David Forman, 16 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Forman, David

                  Dear Sir

                     Head Quarters before York 16th Octo. 1781

                  I am much obliged by the Receipt of your Favor of the 2d instt which I received last Evening—I most sincerely thank you for the Care & Attention with which you keep me informed of the Motions of the Enemy at N. York.
                  There can be no Doubt, but that Sir Hry Clinton will Attempt everything which he may think practicable, for the Relief of Lord Cornwallis—I cannot however imagine, that a Sufficient Fleet can be collected to make any Impression upon the Count De Grasse, who still preserves his Station in the Chesapeak Bay—& will I presume continue that Position—No Landg, that I know of, can be made for their Troops—near eno’ to make a speedy Dversion in Favor of his Lordship, unless they can enter the Bay.
                  The Army under my Comand—left Williamsburg on the 28th of Sepr—& without opposition took our Ground in face of the Enemy—in two Days they retired from their Exteriour Works, to their Line of Defence near the Town—The 6th of Octo. our Trenches were opened within 600 Yards—without Discovery of Loss—Our Batteries were erected as soon as possible & opened a very effectual Fire upon the Enemy’s Works—untill the 11th on the Evening of which Day we Opened our second Parallel within less than 400 Yards with equal Facility as the first—the Enemy hitherto makg small & very ineffectual Fire—the 12th 13th & 14 were employed in compleatg our Trenches & constructg Batteries—On the Evening of the 14th two very successful Attempts were made upon two Redoubts of the Enemy—which were imediately carried with great Bravery & Spirit by the Troops who made the Assault—in these Redoubts which are near advanced upon the Enemy’s Left Flank, & will prove very important in our Approaches—we made 73 Prisoners—including 6 Officers—we found also two Royals some Hand Granades &c.
                  Last Evening the Enemy—for the first Time—made a small & very precipitate Sortie upon our Workg Party—did little Damage—& were obliged to retire with some Loss.
                  I beg you will still continue to keep me informed of every important Movement of the Enemy at N. York, which will be received with much Gratitude. With great Regard & Esteem I am &c.

                     G.W.


Title: From George Washington to François-Joseph-Paul, comte de Grasse-Tilly, 16 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Grasse-Tilly, François-Joseph-Paul, comte de

                      16th Octob. 1781.

                  I have to thank Yr Excellency for the Letter which you did me the honor to write the 14th and the communication of Mr de St Cosmes report from whence it appears that every objection to the station above the enemys posts in York River is removed, except the danger of Fire–Ships—and that this might be obviated by attaching to it, a sufficient number of rowing–boats to guard in front, and tow off the incendiaries in their approach—Your Excellency will see by the last letter which I had the honor to write you, that I expect under the convoy of the Mr de Camus, a great number of small–boats from the upper parts of York River, as soon as protection can be given them, by the presence of any naval detachment superior to the remains of the Enemys vessels in York.  I have besides authorized Genl Weedon to collect all the boats within his reach, in a creek near the Army on the Gloucester Side—these last amount accordg to Leut. de Choisy’s account to upwards of twenty—So that I have not the least doubt of furnishing Yr Excelly with a much greater number of boats and oars than will be sufficient for the service you mention—from these the Officer commanding may select such as he judges best calculated for the purpose—I presume it is yr Excellencys intention they should be manned from the Ship appointed to the station, as their crews must be composed of experienced Seamen & none such are at my command—I have ordered a draft of militia to be employed in bringing the boats from above, but I cannot depend upon them for any farther duty—The detail of the means which Yr Excelly desires is confined then to the boats and Oars—of which we shall have more than can be employed exclusive of the flat-bottomed boats of the Army which are here mounted on Waggons and ready to be moved down to the River—if Your Officers approve their construction.
                  I requested the favor of Monsieur de Grandchain to make the inclosed translation for Your Excelly—of a letter which I have just received from Genl Forman, his intelligence is usually very accurate but I think he is mistaken in the number of Ships at Halifax.  where I imagine there is not more than one ship of the line—his account agrees with that of Officers, prisoners, and deserters that Ld Cornwallis places all his hopes in an effort on the part of Digby to retrieve him—it does not appear to me however that any post south of Chesapeak wd be chosen in this case for the debarkation of the enemys troops—on account of the natural difficulties in their march afterwards—I am rather inclined to think that the british Admiral would endeavour to engage the attention of your fleet in a distant combat, while he causes his transports to proceed under this mask to the mouth of the Piankatank near Gwyns Island, where the troops may be debarked at the distance of Six leagues from Gloucester—and march without obstacles of rivers or any other impediments of consequence, to force our posts on that side, and relieve the Garrison.But The projects of the Enemy will be best penetrated by Yr Excelly and I am persuaded the wisdom and vigour of your measures will render them all abortive. I take the liberty of observing that if the Mouth of James River be guarded—there will be no necessity for detaing in their present stations the Vessels that are higher up in that River. It is with pleasure I acquaint Yr Excelly that the first combined attack of the allied Arms has proved successful—the night before last two very important advanced redoubts on the enemys left—were carried by assault, one by a detachment of the french troops, and the other by a corps of Americans—the Baron de Viomenil & the Marquis de la fayette commanded in the trenches—The possession of these two works which we have united to our second parallel gives us infinite advantages for the position of our batteries, and circumscribing the place.


Title: To George Washington from François-Joseph-Paul, comte de Grasse-Tilly, 16 October 1781
From: Grasse-Tilly, François-Joseph-Paul, comte de
To: Washington, George

                        Monsieura bord de la Ville de Paris le 16. 8bre 1781

                     C’est avec bien du plaisir que je fais mon compliment à Votre Excellence de la distinction avec laquelle vos troupes ont enlevé une des redouttes que nous avons pris aux Ennemies et je prie Votre Excellence d’être persuadée que je partage bien Sincerement tout ce qui peut contribuer à sa gloire et à sa propre satisfaction.  Je suis aussi impatient que Votre Excellence, de voir que les vents ne permettent point aux Vaisseaux destinés a remonter la riviere d’york de suivre ce projet: la mer n’est point comme la terre, elle nous gourmande quelque fois et nous n’avons pas encore trouvé les moyens d’aller contre les vents, mais je puis assurer Votre Excellence que du moment qui’ils pourront monter, ile le feront, soit de jour, soit de nuit si les pilottes veulent l’Entreprendre.  j’ai l’honneur d’assurer Votre Excellence qu’il ne m’est venû aucun Pilotte autre que le Capne Lilly; et ce seul pilote n’est point suffisant pour les deux Vauxs et surtout s’il arrive un malheur.  Puisse Dieu nous en preserver!
                     Je supplie Votre Excellence de faire en sorte que les Batteaux plats approchent des Vaisseaux tout de suitte afin que par leurs moyens, mes Bâtiments soyent preservés des Brulôts, si on en envoyoit pendant la nuit.  J’ai l’honneur d’être avec un attachement aussi sincere que respectueux De Votre Excellence Le trés humble et trés obeissant serviteur

                        Le Comte de Grasse

                        on me fait Esperer que J’aurois le plaisir dembrasser V. Ex. sous peu de Jour Jamais Compliment naura Eté fait d’un si bon Coeur et jamais persone ne Vous aura Serré dans ses Bras avec autant de plaisir que Je le ferais par les Sentiments que V. Ex. ma inspiré.

                  TranslationSir
                     It is with much pleasure that I make you my Compliments to your Excellency upon the distinguished manner in which your troops have carried one of the Redoubts which we have taken from the enemy, and I pray your Excellency to be persuaded that I participate very sincerely in all that contributes to your Glory and satisfaction.
                     I am as impatient as your Excellency can be that the Wind will not permit the Vessels destined for the service to ascend York River—the sea is not like the land, it deceives us sometimes and we have not yet found out a method of sailing against the Wind: But I can assure your Excellency that the Moment it can be done it shall be done, be it by day or night if the pilots will undertake it.  I have the honor to assure your Excellency that no other pilot than Capt. Lilly has come down, and that pilot alone is not sufficient for both Vessels—and if an accident should happen to him—God preserve us.
                     I entreat your Excellency to make an arrangement that the flat Boats may approach my Vessels speedily—to the end that by their means my Vessels may be preserved from the Fire Ships if they should send them upon them in the Night.  I have the honor to be with an attachment equally sincere and respectful, Your Excellency’s very humble and very obedient servant

                        Le Comte de Grasse.

                        I am given to hope that I shall soon have the pleasure of embracing Y. Ex.  Never can anyone press you in his arms with more heartfelt pleasure from the sentiments which Y. Ex. has inspired.


Title: From George Washington to Nathanael Greene, 16 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

                     Dear Sir,Head Quarters 16 Octo. 1781.

                  My Letter of 6th instant by Colo. Morris informed you that our Trenches would be opened that Night—they were so—without discovery or Losses at the Distance of about 600 yds—from that time to the 9th—we were employed in compleatg our first Parallel & constructing Batteries—on the 9th & 10th—Our Fire from Cannons & Mortars commenced very Briskly & had a very good Effect upon the Enemys Works—During this Time a small & very ineffectual Fire was kept up from the Enemy—The Charon of 44 Guns, with two or three Transports took fire & were consumed.  On the Evening of the 11th our second Parallel was opened, with as much Facility & Quiet as the first—from that to the 14th—the Works of this Parallel were compleatg & the Batteries of that Approach were constructing—In this period, we suffered a more galling Fire from the Enemy, principally from their small Shells, which gave us much Annoyance, & occasioned a more considerable Loss than had been before experienced—On the Evening of the 14th two very successfull attempts were made upon the Redoubts of the Enemy, which secured their left Flank—& were almost instantly carried, by the irresistable Spirit & Bravery of the Troops who made the Assault—73 Prisoners, including 6 Officers, were taken in the Redoubts—with two Royals—This Success will prove of almost infinite Importance in our Approaches—which are carrying on with all the Dispatch possible.
                  A small & ineffectual Sortie, was last Night, for their first Attempt made upon our Reproaches—of little Consequence to either Party.
                  Our Batteries of the 2d Parallel, will soon be opend at about 200 & 300 Yards Distance from the Enemys principal Works.
                  Our Accounts from N. York of the British Fleet—continue to place them in an unequal Point of View in Comparison with the Count De Grasse—but that every Exertion is using to put them in the best Condition Possible—& that it is conjectured Admiral Graves & Sir Hry Clinton will put every thing to Hazzard for the Relief of Ld Cornwallis—A little time, I trust will fix his Lordships Fortune for the present Operations.


Title: To George Washington from William Heath, 16 October 1781
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                  Dear General,

                     Head quarters, Continental village October 16. 1781

                  The last evening I was honored with yours of the 1st instant.  I am happy to hear your prospect continued favorable.
                  I have just received intelligence from New York of the 13th instant, which I think may be depended on, as follows.
                  "As to the fleet now fit for service in New York, you may depend on their being 23 sail of the line, and the Prince William and Torbay from Jamaica, the one a 64 and the other a 74—three or four fireships prepared, and no prospect of any more being fitted very soon.  35 sail of the Cork fleet have arrived, convoyed by a frigate of 32 guns.  A fleet of transports from England, 11 weeks out, are hourly expected at the Hook.  Eleven or twelve sail of the line fell down to Staten Island yesterday, when the troops began immediately to embark on board from the island.  It is expected that general Clinton and three or four thousand men will go with the fleet, but the matter is yet doubtful whether they fail or no—It depends wholly on their intelligence from the southward.  A packet has arrived from England—nothing transpires.  On the 11th instant dispatches arrived from Earl Cornwallis in a passage of three days, it was said, brought an account that general Washington was bombarding him night and day. It is said Cornwallis has no bread, and not more meat than to last him this month.  Since he has been blockaded has received fresh provisions but once."
                  The person who favoured me with the foregoing intelligence adds "I have another account in addition to what I have enclosed, which assures me that every ship which was able to swim have gone down to the Hook.  Sir Harry will undoubtedly endeavour some desperate aid for his Lordship."
                  My last accounts from the northward were of the 12th instant.  The enemy were then advancing to this side of Lake George, but their force not fully known.  I have sent a further reinforcement of regular troops to support general Stark, and hope soon to hear a good account of them.  I have the honor to be With the greatest respect Your Excellency’s fMost obedient servant

                     W. Heath


Title: From George Washington to Thomas McKean, 16 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: McKean, Thomas

                  Sir

                     Head Quarters Before York 16h October 1781.

                  I had the honor to inform your Ecellency in my last, of the 12h instant, that we had the evening before opened our second parallel.  The 13h and 14h we were employed in compleating it—The Engineers having deemed the two Redoubts on the left of the enemy’s line sufficiently injured by our shot and shells to make them practicable, it was determined to carry them by assault on the evening of the 14h.  The following disposition was accordingly made—The Work on the enemy’s extreme leftto be attacked by the American Light Infantry under the command of the Marquis de la Fayette—  The other by a detachment of the French Grenadiers and Chasseurs commanded by Major General the Baron Viomenil.  I have the pleasure to inform your Excellency that we succeeded in both.  Nothing could exceed the firmness and bravery of the Troops.  They advanced under the fire of the Enemy without returning a shot, and effected the business with the Bayonet only.  The reports of His Excellency the Count de Rochambeau—of The Marquis de la Fayette and Lt Colonel Hamilton, copies of which I inclose, enter more particularly into a detail of the mode in which the attacks on the part of the French and American Columns were conducted.  We made prisoners in both Redoubts one Major—two Captains—three subalterns and 67 privates.
                  The Works which we have carried are of vast importance to us—  From them we shall enfilade the enemy’s whole line and I am in hopes we shall be able to command the communication from York to Gloucester.
                  I think the Batteries of the second parallel will be in sufficient forwardness to begin to play in the course of this day.
                  The enemy last night made a sortie for the first time.  They entered one of the French and one of the American Batteries on the second parallel which were unfinished.  They had only time to thrust the points of their Bayonets into four pieces of the French and two of the American Artillery and beat them off, but the strikes were easily extracted.  They were repulsed the moment the supporting Troops came up, leaving behind them seven or eight dead and six prisoners.  The French had four officers and twelve privates killed and wounded, and we had one serjeant mortally wounded.
                  I inclose your Excellency a Return of the killed and wounded of both Armies up to the present time—  It is much smaller than might have been expected.  I have the honor to be with perfect Respect Your Ecellency’s Most obt servant

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