Title: To George Washington from William Heath, 14 September 1780
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General,
                            Newport September 14 1780

                        I am just honored with yours of the 10th enclosing duplicate of yours of the 28th ultimo. that letter came to
                            hand by post but was a long time coming.
                        I executed one of the culprits who was under sentence of death for desertion, and pardoned the other three.
                        Colonel Green’s Regiment will march on with their old arms; but the Colonel assures me many of them are very
                            unfit for actual service.
                        We have no news of consequence in this quarter that can be depended on. We have various reports of Fleets
                            sailing and being seen at sea. I wish we may see them on our Coast, before it is too late to answer any valuable purpose.
                            I have the honor to be, with the greatest respect Your Excellencys Most obedient Servant

                            W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from William Heath, 14 September 1780
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            Newport Sept. 14th 1780

                        I am informed by the masters of the coasting vessells and Boats, that Shewing their passes at the Fort on
                                Connancut Island is attended with much difficulty and hazard on account of the ruffness of the
                            water at that place, and that shewing the Passes at the Fort on Brintons Point on the South Side of the
                            Harbour would be much more Convenient and Safe, if this alteration shoud be agreable to Your
                            Excellency, I request you would be pleased to give orders accordingly. I have the honor to be with great regard &
                            Esteem your Excellencys most Obedt Servt

                            W. Heath


Title: From George Washington to Nathaniel Peabody, 14 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Peabody, Nathaniel

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters Septr 14th 1780

                        I have been duly favored with yours of the 12th inclosing the several articles of
                            intelligence respecting the fleet of our allies; for which I beg you will accept my thanks.
                        Thro’ several different channels I had previously received information that a squadron of heavy ships, with a
                            number of Frigates had sailed from Cape Francois the destination of which was unknown—I am happy in receiving any
                            additional circumstances, which may tend to ascertain an object of so much importance.
                        Amongst other things it would have given me pleasure to have been informed of the state of your health; which
                            however I cannot but flatter myself is much better
                            that it may be speedily and perfectly recovered is the sincere wish of Sir Your Most
                            Obedient & Very Hble Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 15 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

                            Head Quarters Steenrapia Friday September 15th 1780
                            Parole Russia.
                            Countersigns N.C.
                            Watchword Hark Hark!

                        For the day tomorrow
                        Brigadier General Stark
                        Lieutenant Colonel Commandant Smith
                        Lieutenant Colonel Huntington
                        Major Wyllys
                        Brigade Major Van Laer
                        Morning Orders Septemr 15th
                        Major Ball is appointed a Member of the Court of Enquiry whereof Colonel Nixon is President vice Major Reid
                            on command.


Title: From George Washington to Clement Biddle, 15 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Biddle, Clement

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters Bergen County 15th Sept. 1780

                        General Greene has transmitted to me a Copy of your letter to him of this date, setting forth the
                            embarrassment in which you find yourself by the operation of an Act of Congress of the 23d Augt which takes place this
                            day—As it is impossible, under present circumstances, to suspend the Business of the Forage department untill Colo.
                            Pickering, or the Gentleman appointed to succeed you, may arrive in Camp, you will be pleased to proceed in the execution
                            of the Office for the space of ten days from this date (unless Colo. Pickering or his Deputy should sooner arrive) giving
                            Certificates agreeable to the mode pointed out by the act, and keeping an exact account of those granted during that time,
                            that a return may be made to the Boards of War and Treasury according to the terms of the Act—I shall, in the mean time,
                            write to Colo. Pickering urging the necessity of his, or his deputy’s, immediate presence in Camp, and I shall also write
                            to Congress, informing them of the reasons which induced me to take the above step, and requesting them to make provision
                            for the payment of the Certificates which may be given in consequence by you or by Persons acting under your orders. I am
                            with great Regard Sir yr &c.


Title: To George Washington from William Bingham, 15 September 1780
From: Bingham, William
To: Washington, George

                            Sir!
                            Philadelphia September 15th 1780

                        Your Excellency will receive by this Conveyance, two Boxes of Liqueurs, one of which Mr Jay on his Departure
                            from Martinico, requested I would take under my Care & forward to your Excellency, the other, I take the liberty
                            of soliciting your Acceptance of, as a small Token of the respectfull Esteem, with which I have the honor to be, Sir Your
                            Excellency’s, most obedient & very hble servt

                            Wm Bingham


Title: From George Washington to Board of War, 15 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

                            Gntn
                            Head Qrs Septr the 15. 1780

                        I have received the honor of Your Letters of the 7th & 9th Inst and, in consequence of the former I
                            wrote to Sir Henry Clinton on the 11th for the permit You request. As soon as it comes to hand it shall be forwarded to
                            the Board. It is much to be wished that circumstances would admit greater supplies being sent for the prisoners, as I am
                            very apprehensive they are materially wanted. Unfortunately the late affair near Camden has added considerably to the
                            number of the officers in the hands of the Enemy. Every thing I trust and am persuaded will be done, in the power of the
                            Board, from time to time, for the relief and accommodation of the prisoners in general. From a persuasion that a general
                            permit would not be granted for sending Cloathing &c.—I did not apply for one; but if the Board will give me
                            previous & timely notice I will always endeavour to obtain the necessary passports & I hope they will be granted
                            without delay. The Provisions necessary for the Seamen, is seldom or never included I believe; but only such Articles as
                            compose the Cargo.
                        The Letters & Papers from Genl Hamilton have not been sent to New York and will be put into the hands of
                            Doctor Shields to be delivered to Lt Coan.
                        I beg leave to inclose a Certificate respecting Capn  Van Dyke, who it seems was heretofore omitted to be
                            included in the Artillery Returns made in consequence of the Act of the 15th March 1779. I also inclose a Return of Van
                            Heer’s Officers & Men, made out agreable to that Act. He says he made one before, but not having received any of the
                            benefits proposed by the Resolution, he offers the present One from an apprehension that the former might have miscarried.
                            The Capn had likewise exhibited a Cloathing Return for his Troops, which I trouble the Board with as his Cloathing & that
                            of the Cavalry in general has been furnished by their order. I have the Honor &c.

                            G. W.

                            P.S. I have heard Lt Coan is gone into New York. The letters from Genl Hamilton will be forwarded by
                                another conveyance.


Title: To George Washington from William Dobbs, 15 September 1780
From: Dobbs, William
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Fish Kill 15th September 80

                        I Received Your Excellencys Letter yesterday Evening, and Shall following Strictly its Contents. Capt. Shaw’s
                            is sent off this Morning. I have to request that your Excellency will order Payment to be made as soon as possible,
                            otherwise my family must Suffer, as I Shall be oblidged to borrow wherewith to bear my Expenses to Rhoad Island.
                        If Your Excellency Should have any messages for me, in my absensence from this, Please Direct to Capt. John
                            Harrison of the Quarter Master Generals office, as I dont know who May be here to Act as Deputy. I am with the Greatest
                            Respect Your Excellencys most Hble Servt

                            Willm Dobbs

                            Capt. Shaw is in the same Situation as my Self.


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Sim Lee, 15 September 1780
From: Lee, Thomas Sim
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            In Council Annapolis 15th Septr 1780

                        We were, this Day, honored with your Excellency’s Letter, of the 6th Instant.
                        The Regiment, lately raised by this State, is at Philadelphia, where it has been some Days past, under the
                            Command of Major Giles, who has the Orders of the Board of War, for necessary Cloathing.
                        When the Articles are procured, which the Major is extremely desirous of effecting, and which, he writes, he
                            shall certainly accomplish, very shortly, the Regiment shall be marched, with the utmost Expedition, to reinforce the
                            Southern Army, agreeably to your Excellency’s Order.
                        We beg your Excellency to be assured, that every Thing shall be done, on our Part, to give Efficacy to your
                            Orders, and facilitate the March of the Troops, to the Place of Destination. We have the Honor to be with the highest
                            Respect and personal Attachment Your Excellency’s most obedient Servants

                            Tho. S. Lee


Title: To George Washington from John Mathews, 15 September 1780
From: Mathews, John
To: Washington, George

                            My Dear Sir,
                            Philadelphia Septr 15. 1780

                        I had the pleasure of receiving your favor of the 9th inst. by Dr Craig, two days ago.
                        There is a New arrangement of the Medical department now before Congress, & nearly compleated by
                            which there will be a very great reduction of Officers. By the new System there will be fifteen principal Officers to be
                            elected by Congress, which I apprehend will be but too much influenced by that spirit which has given a well grounded
                            alarm to the Gentlemen concerned. Evidently to evince how far such a disposition has already operated, The new Q.M.G. is
                            allowed to hold his commission at the Board of War, in direct violation of a law of Congress, & which has been
                            uniformly practised upon (except a few instances of no importance) but to suffer a man to hold two Commissions of the
                            first consequence under the United States, savers so strongly of an outrageous partiality, that I shall be surprised at
                            nothing, that may hereafter happen.
                        I have the pleasure of being acquainted with most of the Gentlemen mentioned by Yr Excllency and know their
                            worth, and as endeavours shall be wanting on my part to promote their reistablishment, but I fear it will not be in my
                            power to do them much service, for I find there is a decided party formed against the Committee that were at Camp, which I
                            have reason seriously to dread, will be productive of no good to our public affairs. I owe much to the public but still I
                            owe something to myself. I can never tamely suffer a set of miscreants to tryumph over me with impunity. Regardless of our
                            Characters as members of their own body I find we are to be considered as Qr Masters &c.
                            & lyable to equal insults, without the least pretentions to call such conduct in question, but I can
                            assure them they will find me of a temper by no means calculated to answer their new fangled Dogmas.
                        Although I had heard a good deal & seen something of the rancour of these Demagogues yet I never
                            imagined it had risen to that height. I was made to feel it had done, on my asuming my seat in
                            Congress. I took the first opportunity, Of going very largely into the State of our affairs, in order to found some
                            propositions, which I made, but without allowing them to be worthy of a commitment much less of their consideration, they
                            were in the lump rejected. However I have this consolation, to reflect, they were approved by those whose
                            disinterestedness, & judgments, I have the best opinion of. Such an insult I never saw offered to any member of
                            Congress before. It shews such a determined & premeditated prejudice, as must inevitably lay me under the
                            necessity of doing what I would wish most earnestly to avoid. I beg your pardon, Sir, for detaining you so long on a
                            subject relative to myself, but as my plan (above mentioned) was for the establishment of a permanent army, & the
                            means of supporting the War, I thought it a subject you were so much interested in that it would not be unacceptable to
                            you to know the result of my endeavours, & how little prospect I have of being farther useful to this
                            end, for I suppose any future propositions of mine, will be immediately exploded, "as too strongly
                            tinctured with those Army principles, which I had imbibed, whilst with them." I cannot but
                            think it hard, that a man who wishes to be useful should be thus unjustly precluded from being so; however, I know the
                            rectitude of my intentions, & can at all times retire to my own bosom for my justification, & whilst that
                            monitor supports me, I shall continue to act my part, regardless of every contentious spirit.
                        Your Excellency’s letters of the 20 Ulto has now been twenty four days in the hands of a Committee, I have
                            repeatedly called for a report from them, but by what I can find, little or nothing has been yet done upon it. This does
                            not at all surprize me. & I dare say by the time the Committee, & Congress have done with it, the time
                            will arrive, when the army ought to be in the field. This ruinous delay I wanted to prevent, by Congress taking up my
                            propositions in the first instance, but by their not doing it, I may readily conclude, it militated too much against the
                            plan they have in contemplation, & therefore further conclude, it will not be such a one as will in it’s operation, be
                            effectual. This may look like arrogating too much to myself, but the event will prove whether I am right or not. I have
                            the honor to be with the highest respect & Esteem Yr Excys most Obedt Servt

                            Jno. Mathews


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Mumford, 15 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Mumford, Thomas

                            Sir,
                            Head Qrs Bergen County 15th Septr 1780

                        I have received your obliging letter of the 8th inclosing an order upon Mr Chenevard of Harford for the
                            delivery of a pipe of Madeira Wine for my use.
                        The polite manner in which it is tendered adds not a little to the value of the present.
                        Altho’ I have not the pleasure of an acquaintance with you, I am no stranger to your character, which I have
                            often heard represented in the most favorable light—I shall be happy in an opportunity of returning my thanks personally
                            and am with great respect Sir Yr Most Obedt & H: Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: Points for Discussion at Hartford Conference, 15 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

                                c.15 September 1780

                        Conference at HartfordWe have between 12 & 13000 Continentals in the Field & have had more than 6000 Ma.
                        Had the Second division of French force arrived in time—or had the whole come in the 1st instance, the
                            resources of the Country would have been poured in upon us.
                        Paint our distresses and wants—and the necesity of a Loan. distinguish between continued exertions &
                            one grand & vigorous effort.
                        Three operations—viz.—New York—Chas Town—& Canada. The two first depends upon a Naval superiority—The
                            latter upon Magazines at Albany & Co’os—& all of them upon a better supply of Provisions than we have
                            Hitherto met with.
                        Engage at all Events the Count de Rochambeau to come to the Continental Army with his Troops—the Fleet may be
                            sent to Boston—or quære may it not be wintered at Phila. with safety.
                        Many advantages may attend this Junction—such as preventing the Enemys detaching from New York—improving any
                            faupas they may make, by following it up with a blow. or it may enable us to detach ourselves. Comte de Rochambeau

                            Twelve thousand French Troops includeing those now at Rhode Island; may be required for the next Campaign
                                in America. or such a number as will insure 10000 efficient men.
                            If a Southern Expedition is not undertaken this winter they should be ordered to Rhode Isld (if the prest
                                French force remains there)—or to Philadelphia if the French & Americans should unite this winter. they ought
                                to arrive by the 1st of May.
                            If an Expedition is undertaken against Chas Town they ought to touch there in there way to this part of
                                the Continent.
                            A Naval superiority should be had at all events—because on this every thing does in a manner depend.


Title: General Orders, 16 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

                            Head Quarters Steenrapia Saturday September 16. 1780
                            Parole Northumberland
                            Countersigns Pan, Peep.
                            Watchword, Come here

                        For the day Tomorrow
                        Brigadier General Irvine
                        Lieutenant Colonel Commandant
                        Sherman
                        Lieutenant Colonel Murray
                        Major Knapp
                        Brigade Major Rosekrans.
                        For Detachment Major Ball to relieve Major Reid
                        Ensign Samuel Tallmadge is appointed Adjutant to the 4th New York regiment vice Lieutenant Ellsworth promoted
                            from the ninth day of July last.
                        Major James Moore is appointed Brigade Major and Inspector to the 1st Pennsylvania brigade from the 21st of
                            July last.
                        A return by brigades of Armourers who may remain unemployed to be made to the Adjutant General tomorrow at
                            Orderly time.
                        Spencer’s regiment is to march tomorrow morning and join Livingston’s at Stoney Point agreeable to an order
                            of the first of last Month.
                        The German Battalion is to join the Jersey brigade ’till further orders.
                        All the brigade quarter masters with the main army who have not received orders of payment for their extra
                            wages or any other charges they may have against the Quarter master General’s department previous to the first of August
                            last are requested to render their accounts for settlement by the 19th Instant at farthest.


Title: From George Washington to Clement Biddle, 16 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Biddle, Clement

                             16 September 1780

                        The Representation which you have made to me of the impossibility of providing for the horses of the army in
                            the modes pointed out by Law compells me to Authorise you and you are hereby Authorised by yourself, Deputy Assistants or
                            Forage Masters to impress Forage and pasture necessary for the horses of the Army when the same cannot otherwise be
                            procured, provided that the same be taken within fifteen miles of an Encampment of the army & that you take proper
                            measures to prevent abuse or waste and to have justice done to the Inhabitants.
                        This warrant to continue in force for Ten days or until Colo. Pickering or his Deputy shall arrive in Camp.
                            Given at head quarters Bergen County this 16th Day September 1780.

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Henry Clinton, 16 September 1780
From: Clinton, Henry
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Head Quarters Septr 16th 1780

                        Agreable to the request contained in Your Letter of the 11th Instant, You will herewith receive Passports for
                            the Schooner Blazing Star to proceed from Philadelphia, with the several Articles You mention, to Charlestown, and, after
                            the delivery of the same at that Place, to return to Philadelphia. I have the honor to be Your Excellency’s Most obedient
                            and Most humble Servt

                            H. Clinton


Title: From George Washington to William Crane, 16 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Crane, William

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters Bergen County 16th Sepr 1780

                        Major Genl Lincoln is to have a conference with Major Genl Phillips at Elizabeth Town on Tuesday the 19th
                            instant. The Vessel in which Genl Phillips comes to Elizabeth town is to remain there during the conference and to be
                            considered as a Flag. You are to observe that there is no stipulation for a cessation of hostilities during this
                            conference, you are therefore to keep as much upon your guard as at any other time. I am &c.


Title: From George Washington to Nathanael Greene, 16 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

                            Sir
                             16 September 1780

                        Tomorrow I set out for Hartford, on an interview with the French General and Admiral. In my absence the
                            command of the army devolves upon you. I have so intire confidence in your prudence and abilities, that I leave the
                            conduct of it to your discretion, with only one observation, that with our present prospects, it is not our business to
                            seek an action or accept it but on advantageous terms.
                        You will attend to the post at Dobbes ferry, and take such precautions for its security as you judge
                            necessary—As Lt Col. Gouvion accompanies me, a Continental Officer should be appointed to The Command. There is now a Lt
                            Col. of Militia there.
                        Should you receive authentic advice of the arrival of a superior French fleet on the Coast you will
                            immediately put the army under marching orders and take measures for collecting all the boats on the North River together
                            with plank &c. to form a bridge across Haerlem River. You will also immediately write to the states of Maryland
                            Delaware Pensylvania Jersey & New York informing them of the advice You have received—and urging them to redouble
                            their exertions for collecting provisions forage &c. to raise levies for their Continental batalions—and also to
                            put their nearest Militia under marching orders.
                        You will acquaint me with every occurrence of importance that comes to your knowlege by the Rout which Colo.
                            Tilghman will point out and any thing that it may be interesting for Congress immediately to know, You will transmit to
                            them.

                            G. W——n

                            P.S. Since writing the foregoing instructions I have received advices that Admiral Rodney is at the
                                Hook and that the enemy are making an embarkation for Rhode Island; If this should be true on the sailing of the
                                embarkation, you will immediately make all the preparations we did on a like occasion for attacking New York &
                                give me instant intelligence of the event. If the detachment should be such as to enable you to pass the River with
                                safety at Dobbes ferry, it will save you a march; if not, you will cross the North River at Kings ferry.


Title: From George Washington to William Irvine, 16 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Irvine, William

                            Saturday 16th Septr 1780

                        Genl Washington presents his compliments to Genl Irvine, is sorry that a prior engagement will prevent him
                            the pleasure of Dining with him on Monday.


Title: From George Washington to William Malcom, 16 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Malcom, William

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters Bergen County 16th Sepr 1780.

                        I have received your favor of the 8th inst. The difficulties and distresses, which we every day experience in
                            the score of provisions, evince that we can place no certain dependance in the modes pointed out for obtaining regular
                            supplies, and that it will be therefore expedient for you to procure as much as you consistently can by virtue of the
                            power with which you are vested by His Excellency Governor Clinton.
                        The number of Men for which you propose to make Winter establishments at Fort Schuyler, is I think about the
                            number which will compose the Garrison. From the favorable accounts lately received from Colo. Hay, I hope there will be
                            no difficulty in procuring a supply of Flour as soon as the new Wheat is threshed out and ground, and I would recommend
                            the formation of a very sufficient Magazine of that of that article as early as possible. We have been under the necessity
                            of expending what salt meat was laid up at West Point; but Govr Trumbull, some little time ago, promised to furnish
                            between four and five hundred Barrels of prize Beef, and of that parcel I propose to assign one hundred at least for Fort
                            Schuyler—and as soon as the season for salting comes in, the Commy Genl shall have directions to furnish a further
                            quantity. I should wish the Garrison to be always supplied with six Months Flour and salt provision if possible. It may be
                            difficult under present circumstances to procure the full quantity of salt meat, but a supply equal to forty or fifty days
                            consumption at least should be provided and kept in reserve to secure the place against a sudden investiture. I am Sir
                            Your most obt and hble Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Carlile, 16 September 1780
From: Carlile, John
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Camp Septr 16th 1780

                        We the Officers from the State of Maryland serving in the Corps commanded by Col. Moses Hazen beg leave to
                            lay before your Excellency some of the many difficulties we labour under by being detached from the line of the State.
                        We conceived that after the Resolution of Congress of the 15th of March 1779 for Crediting each State for
                            their Number of Troops, Serving in the loose and independent Corps, we were entitled to receive all the Gratuities and
                            Allowances that were made to the respective Battallions of our State—(indeed we conceived that it extended even to Rank in
                            the line) Notwithstanding which several allowances of Money–Cloathing and stores have been made without Taking the least
                            Notice of us—This Total Neglect of us and our Services Obliged us last fall to apply to the Legislature of the State, who
                            some time After passed a Resolve to enable the Governor to make us all the Allowances of Cloathing–Money and Stores of
                            every kind that was given to their Batallions, and to forward them to us at our different Stations—Nevertheless we have
                            the Mortification to find ourselves Still Neglected, having never received a Single article of any kind since the
                            commencement of the War: whilst most of the other States are providing for their Troops serving with us, in the same
                            manner that their own Battallions are Supplyed.
                        We therfore Pray that your Excellency will give permission to one of us to apply to the Governor of our State
                            in person in order to obtain a Settlement for allowances which have been already made as well as for others which we may
                            expect—And that your Excellency will be pleased to order so much money to be paid us here on Account as will be Sufficient
                            to defray the Expence of the Journey, and likewise furnish us with an Order on the Quarter M: General for an Horse
                            &ca. We are with the greatest respect your Excellencys Mo. Obedient and Mo. Hble Servts

                            John Carlile Capt.
                            Michael Gilbert Capt.
                            John Hughes Capt.
                            Joseph Lewis Lieut.


Title: From George Washington to John Carlile, 16 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Carlile, John

                            Gentln
                            Head Qrs Sepr 16. 1780

                        I have received your Letter of this date and am sorry to find You have not obtained from your State the
                            benefits which are proposed & recommended by the Resolution to which You refer. I am sensible of the difficulties
                            attending your situation on this account, and therefore consent to one of your going to His Excellency, Governor Lee, as
                            You request. You will inform Colonel Hazen of it. Unfortunately there is no money in the military chest or your Paymaster
                            or the Officer acting as such, might obtain a warrant on account of your pay. I inclose a line addressed to Major General
                            Greene, who will furnish One of You with a Horse, Saddle & Bridle on your application, if circumstances will
                            admit, for the journey, which You will return again when the Officer arrives in Camp. I am Gentln with esteem Yr Most Obed.
                            St

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Holden Parsons, 16 September 1780
From: Parsons, Samuel Holden
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Camp 16th Septr 1780

                        The total Derangment of our Affairs arising from a Variety of Causes & the inadequate Supplies made
                            by the public for any important Offensive Operation against the Enemy renders any attempt of Consequence hazardous
                            & to be undertaken with Caution; yet the Crisis to which our Affairs are reduc’d renders every Exertion to close
                            the War necessary & will, in my Opinion, justify almost every Hazard.
                        it appears to me that our Character as a Nation will be exceedingly lessen’d in the Eyes of the People of
                            Europe, if the Enemy are sufferd to hold the Country they have conquer’d without gaining any important Advantages over
                            them this Campaign; the Spirit of Oposition to the common Enemy will decrease in the Country and our Prospects to a new
                            Campaign the coming Year are gloomy & aford us but very faint Hopes of being in better Circumstances than at
                            present.
                        I am therefore of Opinion, that if a naval Strength sufficient to command the Seas should arrive by the 10th
                            of October, and we are provided with military Stores for the Purpose, that our Operations ought to be directed against New
                            York; if we succeed in my Opinion the War ends with the fall of that City—if a Fleet does not arrive by that Time but
                            should afterward arrive; I am of Opinion our Force can be applied in no better Manner than in regaining the two States now
                            in Possession of the Enemy, leaving a Sufficient Strength to keep Possession of the passes in the Highlands.
                        Should a naval Force sufficient arrive in Season, and our Numbers or other Preparations not render an Attempt
                            upon New York probable to Succeed I am of Opinion the Reduction of Nova Scotia Penobscott & Bermuda will be easily
                            effected & probably not interfere with a winter Campaign to the Southward; and many very important Advantages will
                            result from our Success—however I think this Object should not interfere with a Southern Expedition.
                        But should not such additional naval Strength arrive as to render these Objects practicable; to give such
                            Protection to the Country against the Ravages of the Enemy as our Strength will admit is the Object which next presents
                            itself. to effect which I believe we ought to detach 2500 or 3000 Men to Virginia or Carolina & with the Remainder
                            take some secure post from which we can give the greatest Protection to the Country we shall be able, and should there be
                            a remaining Force Sufficient an Expedition may be formed against the upper Canada which may promise Success &
                            considerable Advantages in the Result. I am with the highest Esteem Yr Excellencys Obedt Servt

                            Saml H. Parsons


Title: From George Washington to William Phillips, 16 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Phillips, William

                            Sir
                            Head Qrs Septr the 16. 1780

                        I last night received Your Letter of the 11th and am happy to find that You are recovered from your
                            indisposition.
                        In my Letter of the 28th of August to which You refer—I did not determine whether the paroles You described
                            could or could not take place; but only that I had no power to grant them Myself. I sincerely wish as, however, I did then,
                            that the Officers could be exchanged and I hope it will be the case. This would remove every difficulty and give relief to
                            Many Individuals on both sides.
                        You will be at perfect liberty to bring with You to the proposed interview, between Yourself & Major General
                            Lincoln, Any part of your family You think proper. The Officer at Elizabeth Town will be informed of your meeting and that
                            the Flag Vessel is to be under the sanction of a truce while coming & returning and during the interview. I have the
                            Honor to be with respect Sir Yr Most Obed. St


Title: To George Washington from Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 16 September 1780
From: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Newport Septr 16. 1780

                        I received this day at 12. o clock, Your Excellency’s Letter of the 13th inst. According to your orders, the
                            Admiral and I will defer our Journey till to be there on the 25th. We were to set out to morrow, under the supposition that I
                            was Comed to Providence to shew the Admiral our hospital. I have nothing new to inform you of; if the embarkation of the
                            Enemy is to come and see us, I hope we will receive them well. I am with respect Sir Your Excellency’s Most obedient
                            humble servant

                            le cte de Rochambeau


Title: To George Washington from Nathanael Greene, 16 September 1780
From: Greene, Nathanael,Alexander, William Lord Stirling
To: Washington, George

                                c.16 September 1780

                        Majr Genl Greene
                        Is under present appearances, for discontinuing our preparations against New York, and givg up the
                            Enterprize, unless a considerable reinforcement should arrive immediately from the West Indies. In that case, tho’ he has
                            no sanguine hopes of success he thinks a co-operation should be attempted with our allies agt New York.
                        Keeping the Continental force (now in this Quarter) together, for the purpose of securing the Posts &
                            Magazines—& covering the Country, seems to be his first object—unless a junction with part or the whole of the
                            French force at Rhode Island cd be formed—& proper measures taken to Recruit this army for the War—in that case
                            detachments might be made to the Southward while the enemy retain their present strength at New york. But without this he
                            is not for detaching (except it be Majr Lees Legion) till their is a superior Naval force & we are in a condition
                            to reduce Chas Town with the assistance of the force which may be raised upon a permanent footing for the Southern Army.
                        In case no offensive operations are carried on against New York or to the Southward, he thinks an Expedition
                            might be made into Canada in the Winter—& recommends the laying up of Magazines at Albany & Co’os.
                        Recommends the levying a compact Army for the War in the Southern States to give cover & Protection
                            to great objects & wait the favourable Moment to co-operate with other Troops wch may be sent there.
                        Majr Genl Lord Stirling
                        Is clearly for pursuing the original plan of co-operation against New York before any thing else is
                            attempted, as there is a high probability of the Secd division of French force arriving.
                        Is clearly of opinion, considering the composition of our Army, that no detachment can be made to the
                            Southern States without hazarding the Middle Eastern ones to the Mercy of the Enemy.
                        Majr Genl St Clair
                        Was always doubtful of the success of an attack upon New York—hesitates still more, although we should obtain
                            a decisive Naval superiority, with respect to the propriety of undertaking it as the Season is so far advanced.
                        Thinks a detachment should be made from this Army immediately by Land to Reinforce the Southern Army. Check
                            Lord Cornwallis’ advances—& be ready to co-operate with a force which may be sent against Charles Town—but this
                            detachment he thinks cannot be large—& seems to be very apprehensive of the consequence of weakness here if the
                            Enemy should change their defensive plan into offensive measures in this quarter.
                        Majr General Howe.
                        Despairs with respect to the probability of an attempt upon the enemy at New York, thinks the Season too late
                            for Canada—but recommends a Southern Expedition, and that it be undertaken immediately—at least that every thing be
                            prepared for action against the moment we are superior at Sea. Not less he thinks than Eight or ten thousand regular
                            Troops will suffice to regain the Southern States—they have 7,000 there. Maryld Virga and No. Carolina to be called upon
                            to raise men.
                        Majr Genl The Marqs De la Fayette
                        Is entirely of opinion that we should bend our thoughts to the Southward—& from this
                            momt provide every thing for it (against the arrival of a Naval reinforcement)
                            viz.—Provisions—Transports—Stores &ca.
                        He is against sending Men to the Southern States by a Land March. but recomds an Army observation to the
                            Southward for the purpose of keeping the Enemy in Check ‘till they can be aided.
                        He is for attempting an Action with the enemy in this quarter—and to Surprize New York if
                            the Enemy should make a detachment.
                        Majr Genl Baron De Steuben.
                        Is for keeping the Army together, & for forming a junction with the French Troops if it is consistent
                            with the safety of the shipping & we can support the whole in a body. & upon the arrival of the Second
                            division to act with vigor as the Season & the Strength of the Enemy shall point out. In the mean while to send an
                            Officer or two to establish the Rules & Regulations practiced in this Army to the Southward.
                        He is against hazarding a genl action in this quarter till the succour we expect arrives—and is against
                            detaching Troops at present to the Southward, but seems to yield to the propriety of marching two or 3,000 thither when
                            the French can operate in Force on the Seaboard—The rest of the army in this quarter to take a position in the
                            Neighbourhood of West point.
                        Brigr Genl Knox
                        Thinks it is not in our power to carry on an operation againt the Enemy in New York at this advanced Season
                            & with the prest means.
                        He is clear for a Southern Expedition the moment the second division of French force arrives—or we obtain a
                            naval superiority, so as the Troops can be sent safely by Water.
                        The whole of the French force, & as many of the American Troops as will make 10000 Men including
                            the regular force now to the Southward belonging to the States of Maryland &ca are to be employed.
                        The Middle & Eastern States to exert themselves in the meantime for self defence this Winter & to
                            prepare vigorously for the Siege of New York next Campaign.
                        He is of opinion that the Southern States should be succoured at all events—even if it should be to be done
                            by a Land March of the French Troops.
                        Brigr Genl Clinton
                        Thinks no offensive operation can take place previous to the arrival of the 2d Division of the French Force.
                        Is against sending any Re-inforcement from this Army to the Southward. But is for taking a proper position
                            with the Army as it is for  the Country &ca.
                        Brigr Genl Glover.
                        Thinks if the Second division of French Force arrives before the middle of November that an attempt may yet
                            be made with a probability of success against New York, if no detachmt is made from this Army before—and
                        If it should arrive between that and the Middle of December Charlestown should be the object—he thinks no
                            detachment can be made from this Army while it remains in its present position.
                        Brigr Genl Wayne
                        Advises that during the absence of the British fleet from Rhode Island (but by the way the Fleet is returned
                            thither)—& undr the presumption that the French Land & Naval force is under my direction that the Fleet be
                            ordered to Boston & the Troops to join this army.
                        This is also done with an eye to an Enterprize on New York, in case of the arrival of the 2d Division against
                            Charles-Town—or generally to take advantage of any Faupas of the Enemy—or it may enable us to detach Troops to the
                            Southward—or if we should be disappointed in all these—until the States have an opportunity of Recruitg their Army for the
                            war—It may moreover put it in our power to take advantage of any favourable opening which may present itself for carrying
                            an Expedition into Canada by the way of lake Champlain—upon the whole he is agt any considerable detachmt before the
                            junction mentioned.
                        Brigr Genl Huntington
                        Is of opinion that if the 2d divn of French force arrives by the first of Octr—The Naval superiority decisive
                            in our favr—Our force double that of the Enemy—& prospect of Provn good—the Siege of New York shd be undertaken.
                        As soon as Offensive measures are laid aside in this Quarter—A part of this army equal to the Pensa divn to
                            March Southerly and that in preference.
                        In case of a Mastery at Sea, & the attack of New York is out of the question, an enterprize should be
                            undertaken against the enemy in some other quarter, As the French Genl & Adml may seem best disposed towards upon
                            a consultation with them.
                        Brigr Genl Hand.
                        Is for supporting the Southern States at all events. Whether the 2d divn arrives or not—but thinks no
                            detachment should be made till we know what to expect from the Division.
                        Sees no prospect of operating against New York agreeably to the original plan.
                        Brigr Genl Patterson
                        Seems to approve an Expedition to Charles Town in the Winter, with the French Troops, and the Army to the
                            Southward; aided if necessary, with part of this army, provided a Naval superiority can be obtained.
                        At present, our Army to be kept together in such a position as to have the choice of fighting or not, should
                            the enemy come out.
                        Against any attempt on Hallifax or Canada on acct of the severity of the Season, and the consequent loss of
                            Men.
                        Upon the whole, thinks the Middle and Eastern States ought to exert themselves to recruit their Army this
                            Winter, and to prepare for an enterprize against New York next Campaign, & as early as possible in the Spring.
                        Brigr Genl Stark
                        Is against detaching any part of the Army to the Southward. But is for Recruiting it, and keeping as near as
                            possible to the Enemy at New York; and pushing at them in case the 2d divn of french Force should arrive.
                        Brigadr Genl Irvine
                        Fears any efforts against New York will be ineffectual—and sees no prospect of any other offensive operation
                            unless a decided Naval superiority is obtained—or the enemy change their position.
                        He is against detaching from this Army till the Superiority at Sea is obtained; and till we can send a force
                            capable of acting upon the offensive with a strong probability of success.
                        When this is the case, he recommends a detachment of French Troops & from of our Army, to be sent by
                            Water—He thinks 8000 Men, including 3000 which he supposes Maryland & Virginia can send will be sufficient—The
                            remaining Army in the meantime to be recruited—& every preparation to be made for acting vigorously in this
                            quarter in the Spring.
                        Brigr Genl Parsons
                        Is of opinion that if a superior Navl Force arrives before the 10th of October—that New York should yet be
                            our object if we are provided with Military stores for the purpose.
                        If a Command of the Water is not had by that time, but should be obtained afterwards, he is of opinion that
                            our attention should be directed to the regaining of the Southern States.
                        He suggests—if a Naval force should arrive in season, and our numbers, or other preparations not render an
                            Attempt upon New York practicable, or probable—Whether Nova Scotia—Penobscot—& Burmuda may not claim attention—but
                            is not for suffering it to interrupt, or impede a Southern Expedition.
                        If we should not obtain a Naval superiority he is for detaching 2500 or 3000 Men to the
                            Southward & covering the Country with the rest.
                        Canada—if practicable is also to be attempted if other expeditions fail and we have men to spare for it after
                            giving protection to the Country.


Title: From George Washington to Charles-Henri d’Arsac, chevalier de Ternay, 16 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Ternay, Charles-Henri d’Arsac, chevalier de

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters Bergen County 16th Sepr 1780 10 OClock A.M.

                        I have this moment recd a letter of which the inclosed is a Copy.
                            It is possible that this may be the Fleet of Admiral Arbuthnot, and that the person who discovered them may have mistaken
                            his larger Frigates for ships of the line, but of this you will be able to form a judgment by the time this letter reaches
                            you—I will communicate any further intelligence which I may receive—I thought the present of too much importance to delay.
                            I have the honor to be Sir Yr most obt and hble Servt

   General Formans letter of the 14 sepr.

                            Chev. de Ternay
                            in his Absence the officer commanding the Fleet Newport.


Title: To George Washington from Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 16 September 1780
From: Trumbull, Jonathan, Sr.
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Lebanon 16th Septr 1780

                        I have been honored with your letters of the 22nd 27th & 28th ultimo, which were received soon after
                            my letter of the 31st had been sent forward to Your Excellency. In this letter I informed you Sir of a quantity of Mess
                            Beef which might be sent on from this State if required.
                        As to fresh beef, I hope that before this time some supplies (though I fear but small) have been received
                            from us. The supplies for the army must be regular, and sufficient magazines established—The provisions furnished our
                            Allies at Newport from this State—the mode of making these purchases, and the consequences attending these circumstances
                            will, I fear for the present, render supplies from our State precarious and scanty. This important subject is now under
                            the consideration of my Council, and the rest of the New England States, and I hope that in a few days, I shall be able to
                            write to Your Excellency more particularly upon this head.
                        I am informed that Your Excellency has ordered our two State Regiments to North Castle, or its
                            neighbourhood—this has occasioned an application to call in the militia for the defence of Greenwich, which request has
                            been complied with. As the general view of the State has been that these Regiments should be employed to protect our
                            southwestern frontiers, and to join the main army under Your Excellency’s direction, whenever any capital operation should
                            be undertaken—As soon therefore as Your Excellency shall judge it proper, I wish Sir that you would order these Regiments
                            to return to their former station, so that the militia ordered in upon this occasion might be dismissed. I am, with great
                            Truth and Consideration Your Excellency’s Most Obedient and Very hble Servant

                            Jonth; Trumbull


Title: General Orders, 17 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

                            Head Quarters Steenrapia Sunday Septemr 17. 1780
                            Parole Cumberland
                            Countersigns A.Y.
                            Watchword Listen

                        For the day Tomorrow
                        Brigadier General Parsons
                        Colonel Bayley
                        Lieutenant Colonel Fernald
                        Major Hamilton
                        Brigade Major Smith
                        For Detachment
                        Lieutenant Colonel Cobb
                        At the General Court martial whereof Colonel Wyllys is President—Colonel Hazen was tried on the following
                            Charges vizt
                        "Disobedience of orders and unmilitary conduct on the march from Tapan to the Liberty pole in halting the
                            brigade under his Command without any orders therefore from the General commanding the division and thereby occasioning a
                            vacancy of near half a mile in the Centre of the Left Column: And for unofficer and ungentlemanlike
                            behavior in falsely asserting he had received such orders from General Stark."
                        The Court are of opinion that on the March from Tapan to the Liberty pole Colonel Hazen halted the Brigade
                            under his Command and occasioned a Vacancy in the Centre of the Left Column; but as it appears to them that he had orders
                            from the General commanding the division, to halt, they do therefore honorably acquit him of disobedience of orders: and
                            unmilitary conduct in the instance contained in this Charge; The Court do also honorably acquit Colonel Hazen of unofficer
                            and ungentlemanlike behavior in asserting that "he had orders from General Stark to halt" which this Charge says he had
                            not. The Commander in Chief approves the Sentence. But as it appears to have been a matter of question, whether a
                            brigadier or officer commanding a brigade in a line of march has a discretionary power to order halts? the General thinks
                            it necessary to declare that it is highly improper for him so to do but in cases of extreme necessity when the halt or the
                            cause of it should be immediately reported to the officer commanding the division who is at the same moment to inform the
                            General or commanding officer of the Column that he may take measures accordingly to prevent a seperation of the column
                            and the bad consequences which may result therefrom. It is nevertheless the duty of a brigadier or officer commanding a
                            brigade if he finds his men fatigued, suffering from want of water or in need of a halt from any other good reason, to
                            make immediate representation thereof to the officer under whose command he immediately is, that the knowledge of it may
                            be communicated to the officer commanding the column.
                        Colonel Hazen is released from his arrest.
                        The General Court martial whereof Colonel Wyllys is President is dissolved.
                        Major General Greene’s orders.
                        His Excellency the Commander in Chief going to be absent from the Army a few days, the knowledge of which
                            possibly may reach the enemy and encourage them to make some movement in consequence thereof; The General desires the
                            officers of all ranks to be in perfect readiness to meet them on the shortest notice and recommends to the outguards to be
                            very Vigilant and attentive and the Patrols active and watchful.


Title: From George Washington to Henry Clinton, 17 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, Henry

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters Septr the 17th 1780

                        I have the honor to inclose You a Letter from Governor Burt of Antigua to General Provost, relative to the
                            exchange of John Burke Esq. of that Island for Lieutenant Morris of the Georgia Artillery. Should the proposed exchange be
                            agreable to Your Excellency, I will, on your communicating the same, transmit a release for Mr Burke, discharging him
                            from any obligation of parole he may have entered into after he was captured & previous to his returning to the
                            West Indies. I have the Honor to be Your Excellency’s Most Obedt Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Jameson, 17 September 1780
From: Jameson, John
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            North Castle Septr 17th 1780

                        By two Deserters from Col. Robinson’s Regiment I am informed that Admiral Rodney has arrived at the Hook and
                            that General Clinton has given Orders to the Flying Army to repair from Long Island to New York Where about seventy
                            Transports are Ordered to be in readiness to receive them and Sail at a Moments warning. I should be happy to know whether
                            it is agreeable to you to exchange Delanceys Cow Boys that may fall into my hands for such Men
                            as they may take—belonging to this Detachment. I am just now inform’d by a Gentleman who has been at West Chester with a
                            flag that he heard one of Delanceys Officers telling another that Admiral Rodney had arrived at the Hook with eight Sail
                            of the Line that he arrived at eight OClock in the morning (what day he did not hear) and Sailed at one OClock the same
                            day. With sentiments of esteem, I am Your Excellencys most Obedient & very humble Servant

                            John Jameson


Title: From George Washington to Nathanael Greene, 18 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

                            Dr Sir,
                            Hd Qrs Peeks Kill Sept. 18. 80

                        I have received New York papers confirming the arrival of Rodney with 10 sail of the line. Major Jemmison
                            says 8 and adds that Clinton has ordered the whole flying army to New York and that 70 transports were
                            ready to receive them—West Point I found is very weak. I would have you move the army to the vicinity
                            of Tappan in order to be nearer all the points that interest us—The garrison is so weak that it seems
                                essential to reinforce it—Send a good Continental Regiment for this purpose. Take all the pains you
                            can to procure intelligence and give me the quickest advice. I am Dr Sir Yr Obedt. Ser.

                            G.W.


Title: To George Washington from William Malcom, 18 September 1780
From: Malcom, William
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Albany Sepr 18. 1780

                        I wrote to your Excellency on arrivall at this place—I expected at that time to have relieved VanSchaacks
                            Regimt before now, but it has not been in my power because the Nine Months Levys were much Scatter’d—I have however Sent
                            on subsisstance for the Garrison untill the 20th of Octr and am now Collecting a Quantity of Cattle and flour, which I
                            propose going up to the Fort myself & the nine months are all ordered to be at one or other of the posts on the
                                Mohawk Communication—to that I expect to take them as the Escort & relieve the
                            Garrison—This shall be done at all events, even if by the Three months men—And if I am well informed the Artillery ought
                            to be relieved also—it is said this company have been the principal cause of all the Uneasiness among the other Troops—And
                            that they will most undoubtedly debauch our Militia—when I get up to the Fort I shall be better able to judge of these
                            reports.
                        I wish a small Continl Regiment could be spar’d for this Garrison—Such as Spencers—I wish it on account of
                            the Officers—or would your Excellency approve of putting Warner with his Regiment there—I have the Honor to be with the
                            Greatest Respect Your Excellencys Most Ob. & very H. Servt

                            W. Malcom


Title: To George Washington from Benjamin Tallmadge, 18 September 1780
From: Tallmadge, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Fairfield Septr 18th 1780

                        Capt. Hurlbert of the 2d Regt: who is now at New-London, having repeatedly informed me that the Dragoons
                            which have been posted between Head Qrs & New Port must shortly quit their present Duty unless some Steps are
                            taken to provide forage & Provision for them, I have visited the several Stages as far eastward as New Haven. I am
                            in duty bound to observe (& am sorry Your Excellency should be troubled with these Complaints), that the Dragoons
                            at most of the Stages have been obliged to forage for themselves as well as furnish their own Provisions. Those who are
                            posted near any Commissary of Issues, have drawn their Rations. The People who have hitherto supply’d forage, seeing no
                            Prospect of getting Pay for the same, have refused to supply any more. I have persuaded the most of them to keep the
                            Dragoons till I could lay the matter before your Excellency, when I ventured to assure them, some Steps would be taken to
                            redress them.
                        I cannot suppose the Stages can remain as they now are a week longer. A prevailing Distrust of public Credit,
                            added to the Extreme Scarcity of forage along this Shore, I conclude, have given rise to these difficulties. If the
                            Expresses are to continue as heretofore posted any length of time, I most earnestly beg Your Excellency would direct in
                            the Premises. I have the Honor to be, with the highest Esteem, Sir, Your Excellency’s most Obedt Hble Servt

                            Benja. Tallmadge


Title: To George Washington from Henry Clinton, 19 September 1780
From: Clinton, Henry
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters Septr 19th 1780.

                        Major General Phillips, who goes to Elizabeth Town to meet Major General Lincoln, is entrusted and Instructed
                            from me with every thing relating to a general Exchange of Prisoners of War, as well as of the Troops of Convention, and
                            also with all matters relative to the Commissaries of Prisoners and their Instructions, who it is intended should reside
                            with the respective Armies.
                        It is probable Major Genl Lincoln will have your Instructions to confer upon all these Matters with Major
                            Genl Phillips, but should that not be the case, I take it for granted You will immediately send a proper Officer for that
                            purpose to Elizabeth Town. I have the honor to be Your Excellency’s Most obedt & most hble Servt

                            H. Clinton


Title: To George Washington from Charles-René-Dominique Sochet Destouches, 19 September 1780
From: Destouches, Charles-René-Dominique Sochet
To: Washington, George

                            Monsieur
                            à Bord du Neptune En Rade de Rodhes island le 19.e 7 bre 1780

                        mr Le Chr de Ternai etant parti hier avec mr Le comte de Rochambeau, La Lettre de votre excellence adressée a
                            cet amiral m’a été remise comme commandant L’escadre du roi en son absence. un officier va partir dans L’instant pour La
                            Lui porter, et je vais fair en attendant son retour toutes Les dispositions necessaires pour acquerir des dernieres
                            certaines sur L’arrivée de L’amiral Rodney, et pour mettre Lescadre dans Le meilleur etat de deffense Je suis avec respect
                            Monsieur de votre excellence Le tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur

                            Destouches


Title: To George Washington from James Duane, 19 September 1780
From: Duane, James
To: Washington, George

                            My dear General
                            Philadelphia 19 Septem. 1780

                        I am to acknowledge the Honour of your Excellency’s favour of the 9th Instant on the Subject of the Hospital
                            Department. your Sollicitude that Gentlemen of distinguished Merit shoud be employed is a continued Proof of your
                            attention to the publick good; & those you particularize will not fail of being supported.
                        We are deeply engaged on the Subjects of your Excellency’s several Letters; considerable Progress is made in
                            that which is the principle the raising a permanent army: Congress unite in Sentiment that it is
                            essential; that is the surest and the only mean of producing an honourable peace: to render it
                            practicable and certain is the difficulty. There is in my mind no Question but that it will be submited for your Opinion
                            before it becomes conclusive.
                        I wish it was in my power to communicate agreeable events to Counter ballance our
                            Southern Misfortunes; the weight of them daily diminished by a comparison of Facts with the hasty Information of the
                            commanding officer of the Detachment. The Loss however of Artillery and Baggage, and above all of small arms, must be
                            severely felt, and the precipitate Flight of the Militia expose us to Insult, after every Alleviation. Of one Comfort we
                            cannot be deprived: Our regular Troops have acquired unfading Glory! I find with great Satisfaction that the
                            Legislature of New York have fallen in with the Views of the Eastern Convention and particularly to strengthen the Hands
                            of Congress and enable them to enforce their Decisions: We can never manage the publick Interests with Success ‘till this
                            Disposition becomes general: nor can any thing else under the divine Blessing, be necessary to give Us a decided
                            Superiority over our Enemies. We have now obtaind military Knowledge in an eminent Degree we have internal Resources and
                            Reputations abroad: we have a great and respectable Ally: of what then are we destitute but Vigour and confidence in
                            Government, and publick Spirit in Individuals.

                        I shall be happy to be honourd with a Line after your Interview at Hartford if your Leisure admit. I hope it
                            will prove some Relaxation from the severe and anxious Cares which have fallen to your Share too long and with too much
                            weight. Permit me to add that I am with every Sentiment of the most affectionate Attachment and most perfect Regard Dear
                            Sir your most Obedient humble Servant

                            Jas Duane


Title: To George Washington from William Phillips, 19 September 1780
From: Phillips, William
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            New York Septr 19th 1780

                        I have the honour of receiving Your Excellency’s letter of the 16th Instant, for which I return you, Sir, my
                            thanks.
                        By the arrival of a British Officer of the Troops of Convention Lieutenant Coan I am informed of Dispatches
                            from Brigadier General Hamilton being sent to me under cover to Your Excellency and I shall be greatly obliged to you,
                            Sir, to direct their being sent to me at Elizabeth-Town.
                        I take for granted I shall meet some Officer from you, Sir, instructed to confer with me on the subject of a
                            General Exchange of Prisoners of War. I have the honour to be, Sir, with great personal respect Your Excellency’s most
                            obedient and most humble Servant

                            W. Phillips


Title: General Orders, 20 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

                            Head Quarters Orangetown Wednesday Septr 20th 1780
                            Parole Haddington
                            Countersigns Holland
                            Watchword Order Hudson

                        For the Day Tomorrow
                        Brigadier General Patterson
                        Colonel Hazen
                        Lieutenant Colonel Hull
                        Major Ballard
                        Brigade Major Ashley
                        The General Court martial whereof Colonel Jackson is President to sit tomorrow morning nine ô clock at the
                            church Orderlies from the Left wing.
                        The Guards and Picquets to parade near the Church three quarters past five ô clock this afternoon.
                        One Hundred fatigue men to Parade tomorrow morning on the Grand parade with their Arms and two days
                            Provisions.


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Barnes, 20 September 1780
From: Barnes, Thomas
To: Washington, George

                            May please Your Excellency
                            Salam September 20th 1780

                        Att the Commensment of the present War I cherfully with the rest of my Brethren readily exchangd a domestic
                            Life and Joind in supporting the cause of my Country—all which time I have had Honor of wearing a Captans Commission till
                            the year 1779 when I was Honord with the Appointmint of a Majority—and I still have the good of my Countrys Cause at
                            heart—and would gladly and cherfully serve them but having a wife and family to support—find my self very unable to do it
                            so long as I remain in the service of my Country—Therfor I beg Your Excellency would take the Matter into your Wise Consideration and except of my Resignation—and grant me a discharge. As I am in duty Bound Your
                            Excellencys most Obedient and very Humble servant

                            Thomas Barnes


Title: To George Washington from John Cadwalader, 20 September 1780
From: Cadwalader, John
To: Washington, George

                            Dr Sir
                            Philada 20th Sept: 1780

                        I hope you will do me the Justice to beleive that nothing has occasioned so long a silence but a desire of
                            saving you the trouble of reading Letters which do not relate to Business.
                        We had information, in Maryland six or eight weeks ago, that the whole french fleet & army were
                            arrived at Rhode Island—I immediatly set off with my family for Philada; where I was informed that only one division was
                            arrived, & that the other was hourly expected—I have waited here with great impatience, intending to pay you a
                            visit as soon as the second Division arrived—when we expected something capital would be attempted.
                        I have now reason to wish I had accepted the command given me by Congress; but at that time I conceived that
                            the War was near a Conclusion—Many others were of the same opinion & we flattered ourselves with expectations of a
                            speedy peace—In this however, I remember, you widely differed in opinion.
                        Whatever may be the event, be assured there is no person in america more firmly attached to you as Commander
                            in Chief & to the General Cause—And if our affairs should take an unfortunate turn I shall to the last share with
                            you the misfortunes of the times.
                        Tho our affairs were lately very flattering, I now see with the greatest concern difficulties that seem
                            almost unsurmountable—The want of money is the greatest evil & how to procure it is carried on a War by taxes
                            alone & therefore the States should give some earnest of their future honest intentions before they can establish
                            a Credit necessary to procure money or Loan.
                        The expences of civil governments, the waste of public money in every Department & the universal
                            Disposition to plunder the public can only be remedied by honest men—These, I dare say, are complaints which you daily
                            hear, & which you must with every honest man sincerely lament—Public spirit & public virtue seem to exist,
                            now, only in the Army—Perhaps a sense of danger may bring about the reformation so necessary & so much wished for
                            in the civil Departments.
                        Capt. Lyman an officer in the British Service & an acquaintance of mine was taken in the Packett
                            lately brought into this Port is now a Prisoner at Lancaster—He was wounded at Danbury & has been near two Years
                            in England for the cure of his wound—& is still unable to do duty; but was ordered to come over at this time to
                            see his wife who is in N. York, & from motives of economy—I applyed to the Board of War to obtain leave to go on
                            parole to N. York—but the board have referrd the matter to you, without giving me any reasons against the propriety of
                            such an application—I do not mean, Sir, to make a request that is in point of time or circumstances improper—But if you
                            should think it proper to permit him to go to N. York on parole I shall esteem it a favor confered on me—I am, dear sir,
                            with the greatest Respect & Esteem, your most obt: hble Sert

                            John Cadwalader


Title: To George Washington from John Reed, 20 September 1780
From: Reed, John
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Kenebeck Septr 20th 1780

                        After having served my Country five years, it Gives Me no Small Degree of pain to inform your Excellency that
                            my constitution has recevied so great a shock as to oblidge me to apply to your Excellency for a Discharge from the
                            service. During the Engagement on the 7th of October 1777, between the Armies of General Gates And Burgoyne, near
                            Saratoga, I Recevied A wound; the ball passed through the upper part of my thigh, near the Groin. The wound is at present
                            healing but has so reduced me, that I am unable to Do Duty in the Army. I here with send your Excellency such Certificates
                            as I hope will be sufficient to Convince you that I am not indebted to the Publick.
                        should your Excellency think proper to comply with my Request, it will add one more to the many Obligations I
                            am under to you; and, at the same time, put me more in a Situation whereby I shall not only have it in my power to secure
                            my Interest, (which is on the brink of ruin) but, likewise to support my family, who are Now suffering for want of that
                            attention which is Due from me. I am, Sir, With the utmost Deference, your Excellency’s Most obedient, Humble Servant

                            John Reed

                            Capt. in the 7th Massachusetts Regt—lately Commanded by Colo. Alden.


Title: General Orders, 21 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

                            Head Quarters Orangetown Thursday September 21st 1780
                            Parole Lancaster
                            Countersigns P.
                            Watchword take care M.

                        For the Day Tomorrow
                        Brigadier General Wayne
                        Colonel Nixon
                        Lieutenant Colonel Cochran
                        Major Alexander
                        Brigade Major Darby
                        For detachment
                        Major Cogswell
                        The burning of fences and breaking up inclosures is so distressing to the inhabitants, as well as disgraceful
                            to an Army that has the least pretension to discipline and order that the General earnestly exhorts the officers of all
                            ranks but more particularly the commanding officers of regiments to take all possible care to prevent it and for this
                            purpose the Camp and quarter guards are to confine every person detected in either removing or burning fencing stuff; and
                            as it frequently happens that there are numbers of soldiers standing round a fire made of fencing though none will
                            acknowledge or inform who made it such therefore as are standing by it shall be considered as the Authors unless they
                            point out the Persons and shall be confined and punished accordingly.
                        As it is much better to prevent crimes than punish them the General desires the commanding officers of
                            regiments to fix upon proper places for Kitchens that the cooking of the regiments may be done together as much as
                            possible and that the police officers may visit them during the cooking hours as well to see that the cooking is properly
                            performed as that the fires are not made with fencing stuff.
                        At the General Court martial whereof Colonel Jackson is president the 16th Instant—Major Murnan of the corps
                            of Engineers was tried for "unofficer and ungentlemanlike behavior in taking possession of the quarters of the Reverend
                            David Jones in his Absence and for similar behavior to him in his quarters."

                        The Court are of opinion that Major Murnan having a right to take possession of the quarters which Mr Jones
                            calls his is not Guilty of unofficer and ungentlemanlike conduct in taking possession of them the Court do acquit Major
                            Murnan of the last part of the charge against him.
                        Major General Greene confirms the opinion of the court.
                        Major Murnan is released from Arrest.


Title: To George Washington from Tench Tilghman, 21 September 1780
From: Tilghman, Tench
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Orange Town 21st Sept. 1780

                        The army moved to this place yesterday. No advices of any kind have been received from New York since mine of
                            the 18th except what is contained in a paper which Genl Greene transmits by this opportunity—Neither have any letters come
                            to hand, which I have thought needed forwarding, except the enclosed from General Gates and Colonel de Buysson.
                        We have been very well supplied with Meat since your Excellency’s departure—what we have in Camp, and what
                            cattle are in motion towards the army, is equal to seven or eight days supply, exclusive of a forage which Colo. Butler is
                            making below, at the requisition of Docr Burnett and the Gentlemen of that part of the Country. The Cattle will be taken
                            by the Contractor, who only wanted a party to cover him. Colo. Blaine, by a letter from him at Philada, had good prospects
                            of obtaining a large supply of Flour—He says the State of Pennsylvania had engaged to furnish twelve hundred Barrels per
                            Week for three Months. I have the honor to be &c.

                            T. Tilghman


Title: To George Washington from James Wood, 21 September 1780
From: Wood, James
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Charlottesville 21st September 1780

                        I have the Honor to Inform your Excellency that Our Supplies at this Post have been much better since I last
                            wrote you On that Subject. the Convention Toops have been fully supplied for the last three weeks; that I have hopes from
                            Appearances, there will be no Cause of Complaint in future, and that I shall have it in my Power within a few Days, to
                            begin paying up the arrears due to the Troops; this much I can assure your Excellency that nothing On my part shall be
                            wanting, I have, and shall Continue to Exert my utmost Abilities to Prevent the same Inconveniences for the future. you
                            may be Assured that my Situation was truly Distressing, the Guards, as well as the Troops of Convention, were entirely
                            without meat or Bread for Several Days; in this Situation I was under the Necessity of Permiting a few men from each
                            Regiment to go into the Country to Purchase Provisions, an Indulgence I wou’d not have Granted on any other Occasion; but
                            am happy to inform your Excellency it was not Abused in Any Instance, and that the Troops in this time of Distress bore it
                            with the utmost Patience, and Seemed fully Convinced that it Did not Proceed from Design, but from Causes altogether
                            Accidental.
                        General Hamilton requests the favor of your Excellency to send the Inclosed Letter by the first Flag. I have
                            the Honor to be Sir Yr Excellency’s Very Obt Servt

                            James Wood


Title: General Orders, 22 September 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

                            Head Quarters Orangetown September 22d 1780
                            Parole Washington
                            Countersigns Greene Steuben
                            Watchword Luzerne

                        For the day Tomorrow
                        Brigadier Genral Huntington
                        Colonel Chambers
                        Lieutenant Colonel Barber
                        Major Davis
                        Brigade Major Pettingel


Title: To George Washington from William Malcom, 22 September 1780
From: Malcom, William
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Schenectady Sep. 22 1780

                        I am this far on the way to Releeive Fort Scuyler’s Garrison—It has not been in my power to do So a moment
                            Sooner and I am disapponted in provissions from every Q. Master—The Garrison which I make a first object will be Victuald
                            to the 22d Oct. with beef—flour a month longer—I Have directed preparations to be made at albany for talking a Quantity of
                            beef as magazine—for the use of F. Scuyler we shall send on the Cattle & Salt there.
                        Shall I order Warner’s Regt to Fort Scuyler? it is time they were moved from Lake George I go on with the
                            Troops & Stores to the Fort myself & shall be able to make a report of the State thereof as well as the
                            other posts on the River Communication when I return which will in fourteen days—Every thing peaceable, Scouts at the
                            distance of 80 miles make no discoverys—but is confidently said that Sir Jno. Johnson is gone from Cambden with 1500 men—we
                            are equal to that force—so I am under no anxiety—I hear the Second division of French are arrived—I hope it is so—or a
                            fleet from the W. Indies, able to go in sandy Hook—I am most respectfully Your Excellencys mo. Ob. & very Huml.
                            Servant

                            W. Malcom


Title: To George Washington from Nathanael Greene, 23 September 1780
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Camp Tappan Septr 23d 1780

                        Enclosed I send your Excellency all the intelligence I have been able to get since my last. Colonel Dayton
                            and Major Burnet are still at Elizabeth Town and New York. No intelligence can be got by the way of Powles Hook. I am
                            afraid the great difficulty is the want of encouragement to run hazards.
                        The Minister of France stole the march upon us in Camp. He came in Cog: and is on his way
                            to New Port to pay a visit to the French Army.
                        Colonel Pickering arrived yesterday, and takes up the business of the department to day or to morrow. He is
                            in a bad state of health, and has come to Camp empty handed.
                        The Block House goes on very well, and will be complete in four or five days; and I think will be a very
                            strong place. The Minister was down to view it yesterday.
                        The Army is without rum. Can there be no measures taken to get on the rum at Springfield? I have been obliged
                            to make a seizure of some among the Sutlers and followers of the Army.
                        The day after your Excellency left Camp, the Comy Genl reported that there was but one days provisions on
                            hand; and that all that he expected was not more than sufficient for four days. This alarmed me, as I expected our
                            prospects were much better from the reports that had been made at Head Quarters. Finding that no time was to be lost in
                            taking measures to procure a further supply I sent Colonel Butler with a party of Horse and Foot to New ark; and wrote to
                            Doctor Burnet and Mr Marsh (the first a Judge of the County Court, and the last a County Contractor) our situation; and
                            desired them to endeavour if possible to make a collection for our relief, And ordered Colonel Butler to follow thier
                            order and directions, as it was my intention that the whole should be conducted under the auspices of the Civil
                            Magistrates. I have no official report of his proceedings, but am told by different people that he has collected upwards
                            of 200 head and that the whole will be into Camp to morrow.
                        There has been some firing on the East side of the North River, at the shipping which
                            lay near Tallards Point; but I have no account of what effect it had, more than to make the shipping move a little further
                            from the shore. I am your Excellency’s most obdt hume Servt

                            Nath. Greene
                            M. General

                     Enclosure

                                Sir,
                                Philadelphia Septr 18th 1780

                            Enclosed you will receive the copy of a letter from Genl Gates to his Excellency Governor Jefferson, this
                                moment come to hand.
                            How far the report respecting the Design of the British to take post at Cape Fear and Portsmouth are well
                                founded; time will discover.
                            I have thought proper to give you this intelligence immediately, such as it is, which you will please to
                                forward to his Excellency Genl Washington without delay. I have the honor to be &ca

                                Sam: Huntington President
                                Copy

                     Enclosure

                                    c.20 September 1780

                            An American Sailor—deserter from the Terrible ship of war—the 20th Septemr 1780—informs, that the
                                Sandwich and four other ships are at the Watering place caulking, wooding and watering; and that the other four with
                                the Frigate have sailed to join Arbuthnot, and that Rodney brought 9 instead of 10 ships of the line, that a french
                                fleet of 14 sail of the line is expected by them every hour—and that those five ships at the watering place will join
                                Arbuthnot as soon as they are ready—that Rodney’s ships are but thinly man’d and badly supplied with provisions.

                     Enclosure

                                Sir
                                Elizth Town Septr 21st 1780

                            Last night a person came to Town from New York: by him I am told that Admiral Rodney himself is in the
                                City; that six of his ships are at the watering place very leaky; that they are watering wooding and repairing at the
                                same time; the other four ships belonging to his fleet, sailed on sunday last to join Arbuthnot.
                            Preperations are still making for embarking troops, 5000 is the number they pretend will go on board.
                                That those, with those Regiments Rodney brought in with him as marines, will make 7000, a number they say sufficient
                                to take Rhode Island or act in any other quarter they may judge proper.
                            The Man returns to New York this night; by Saturday or Sunday shall hear from there again.
                            In New York they are very anxious for the safety of the Cork fleet as much depends upon their arrival
                                within a month. No particular account of the French Fleet; all the armed vessels are looking out for them. I am Sir,
                                &ca

                                Elias Dayton