Title: To George Washington from Major General Philip Schuyler, 1–7 March 1779
From: Schuyler, Philip
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Albany March 1st[–7] 1779

On the 24th Ult., at Saratoga, I had the Honor to receive your Excellency’s Favor of the 11th.
In mine of the 4th Feby I communicated the Ideas that had then occurred on the Mode of prosecuting an Expedition against the hostile part of the six Nations—The Questions your Excellency has stated are so exceedingly proper and so important to be determined with as much precision as possible, that I shall resume the Subject in this and give Answers to the Queries in the Order they stand in your Letter.
To the first I am still of the Opinion conveyed in mine of the 4th Ult. that not less than three thousand Men should be employed from this Quarter on the Expedition in Question and five hundred from Wyoming to penetrate to Chemung or other Indian Settlements, to draw the Attention of the Savages residing in that Quarter—This Calculation of Force is founded on that which I suppose the Enemy will be able to oppose, and which I compute as follows, to wit.

Of the Senecas
 700

Cayugas
    200

Onondagas
    120

Mohawks and disaffected Oneidas & Tuscaroras who have joined the Enemy in the Course of the Contest
     80

Ottawas, Chippeways, Missesagies & Potawatamies
    300

Delewares, Mingoes and Nantikokes residing on the Branches of the Susequehannah
    250

Tories
    200

British Troops from the Garrison of Niagara, on a Supposition that none are sent from Canada to the Aid of the Indians
    150

Total
2050

This, I concieve, is the greatest Force they can possibly collect to oppose the Troops from both Quarters, if they have sixty Days Notice of our Approach, and they can be supplied with provisions, which it is almost certain they cannot, if collected in a Body.
To the second Question, I think, as I observed in my Letter of the 4th Ultimo, that the Seneca Country should be the point of Junction for the whole from this Quarter, and against which Nation the greatest Effort should be made, as the Destruction of the Onondaga and Cayuga Towns, without those of the Senecas, who are the Support of the whole, would be of little Avail: as the Indians of the former would retire to the latter until the Army returned and then recommence their Hostilities on the Frontiers: whereas, if the Seneca Towns are also destroyed, they must of Necessity remove to Niagara and continue there until next Spring, at least, and being there, so distant from our Frontiers without any intermediate places to procure Subsistence, no considerable Body will venture to molest us and before they can reestablish themselves in their Towns, Events will probably arise which will place them wholly in our power.
To the third Question I observe, that although the Difficulty of conveying even the lightest Artillery would considerably retard the progress of the Troops, moving by Land, yet I think, it would be proper that the Army should be provided with six or eight pieces, for should part of it move, as I mentioned in my Letter of the 4th Ultimo by the Way of Oswego to Irondequat and provisions be sent to Cayuga for that part marching from Fort Schuyler, the Cannon may be easily transported to Irondequat and Cayuga and secured in the Stockades at those places or carried on, if practicable—The Quantity and Quality of the Stores which I concieve necessary for the Expedition are enumerated in the inclosed paper.

I proceed to remark on the different Routs mentioned in the 4th Querie. If the Army should wholly move from Fort Schuyler, by the Way of the Oneida Lake and Cayuga River every prospect of surprising the Onondaga and Cayuga Towns would vanish, which for the Reasons mentioned in my former Letter, I wish to have attempted— Besides, when the Army arrives at Cayuga it will not be in a Condition to act extensively against the Senecas, unless pack Horses accompany it, which would be difficult by that Rout to Cayuga—On the contrary to move the necessary Supplies for the whole Army together, by Land, from Fort Schuyler (to say Nothing of the enormous Expence it would occasion) would, I concieve, be next to impracticable, both on Account of the extreme Roughness of the Country between Onondaga and Cayuga, which would not permit the Cattle to be heavily loaded, but that, I fear, the necessary Number of Horses could not be procured—The third Rout referred to would likewise be attended with great Difficulties; for, to move that Way, all the Batteaus, provisions and other Stores must be transported over deep and rough Roads the Distance of sixteen Miles, either to that Branch of Susquehannah which issues from Otsego Lake or from the Mountains in the Western part of Cherry Valley, from thence part of the Army in Batteaus and the Remainder by Land, would have to march and move to where the Tyoga or Cayuga Branch (which rises near the South End of the Cayuga Lake) joins with the Eastern Branches of the Susquehannah, and altho’, when there is a good Deal of Water in the River, as in April and May, the Navigation is easy in descending, yet to ascend the Tyoga Branch is difficult, at best, and almost impossible for loaded Batteaus in a dry Season, and such it may be when the Army arrives there: Besides, should [it] be impossible to carry on with the Army a full Supply of provision, the Difficulty of bringing it on afterwards would be great and the Danger such as to render it too precarious to be depended upon, and after all, when the Army arrives at the Head of Tyoga, in which much Time must elapse, as the Water Carriage ends there, the Army must be supplied with Horses to proceed to the Senecas, and by this Rout we also lose the Opportunity of attempting to surprize the Onondagas and Cayugas, I cannot therefore think it, by any Means, prudent to penetrate that Way—It seems necessary however that I should account for the Enemy’s coming by that Rout—They, I concieve, do it because they have the least Land Carriage & the Stream in their Favor until they get to the Mouth of Tyoga, which affords an easy Transportation in their small Birch Canoes for the little provision they bring—By that Rout they approach the best inhabited part of our Frontiers, with⟨out⟩ leaving a Fortress in their Rear, and where, when they att⟨ack⟩ with Success, they have hitherto been sure of procuring a Supply of provisions—It affords them an Opportunity with nearly equal Facility to attack, either the Western Frontiers of this State or the Northern parts of pennsylvania and leaves them an Alternative when they reach the Susquehannah to point their Operations at either as Circumstances may direct or invite—If these Observations are in general just it seems the Army ought to move either by the Rout pointed out in mine of the 4th Ult. or if it should be thought too hazardous to risk the detachment by Irondequat, lest we should be beaten in Detail, or that it should be delayed by foul Weather or the Enemy’s Shipping on Ontario, then I should propose the following Movement: All the Troops, except those intended to penetrate to Chemung &c. to rendezvous at Fort Schuyler, the Batteaus, provisions and Stores to be carried from thence across a portage of one Mile into Wood Creek, the whole, except 400 Men to descend to Oneida Lake, and, having crossed that Lake to the West End thereof (leaving one hundred Men to erect a Stockade Fort at the Junction of Wood Creek with the Lake to keep up the Communication with Fort Schuyler). Twelve hundred Men to march from thence with as much provision as they can conveniently carry across the West End of the pine Carrying place directly to Onondaga, which is less than thirty Miles from the Lake by a good Foot path and thro’ a level and tolerable open Country: The Remainder to erect a strong Stockade Fort, for the Security of such Batteaus, as will have become empty and to keep up the Communication and as soon as Intelligence has been received that the Enemy are not in Force on the Onondaga River then those by Land to proceed to Cayuga and those in Batteaus to move with all possible Expedition to that place to form a Junction there with those going by Land, leaving one hundred Men in the Stockade and the whole, after having erected a Stockade Fort at Cayuga to cover two hundred Men and the Stores, to march to the Senecas two Days before the Troops move from the West End of Oneida Lake to Onondaga. The four hundred left at Fort Schuyler to march with 300 pack Horses and one hundred & fifty fat Cattle to join the Troops at Onondaga, the pack Horses to carry Flour and Ammunition only to Cayuga, and provision from thence. When the Army moves against the Senecas, by carrying the Batteaus into Wood Creek and descending to and crossing Oneida Lake and giving out that the Army is going to Oswego, the Indians will probably be so far deceived as not to move their old Men, Women and Children—But it is to be apprehended, if they should really think we were going to Oswego that they would collect their Force on the Onondaga River which leads to Oswego and attempt the party going in the Batteaus—If so, the latter will soon know it and those at Onondaga must return with the pack Horses and fat Cattle and the whole proceed together to Cayuga.

An Answer to the fifth Question, I concieve is included in what I have observed on the fourth, altho’ not so minutely and fully as your Excellency requested as I have not yet procured all the Information necessary for it.
My Answer to the sixth Question is—Supposing the Stores I have enumerated and the pack Horses are collected, and the Troops at Albany, the whole may be moved to Fort Schuyler in fourteen Days (the Horses not to leave Albany until the Troops and every Thing else has reached Fort Schuyler)—Six Days more will bring the whole into Wood Creek: five will be taken up in going to the West End of Oneida Lake: a halt of two Days may be necessary there—The Troops going from thence by Land to Onondaga should move in the Evening and make no Halt, except for a little Refreshment, until they reach it: from thence they will march to Cayuga in five Days, if the Season is tolerably dry, if otherwise eight or nine: at Cayuga there must of Necessity be a Halt, until the Batteaus arrive which they might easily do at the same Time with those by Land were they not to wait for Information at the West End of Oneida Lake: but it will be prudent to suppose that they will not arrive until six Days after: hence the whole will join in about sixteen Days after they parted at Oneida Lake. I have already observed that Difficulties in the Water Navigation might arise from much Drought, if the Army should move by Susquehannah; those will occur in that Case in the other Rout, but not in any great Degree, as the Streams are larger and not so much interrupted with Rapids as the Susquehannah, indeed the Waters to and from Cayuga and Ontario are, without much Difficulty navigable in every Month from April to December: But if pack Horses must be employed and the Force moves as I have mentioned the Operations cannot be commenced until towards the Middle of May; because until then there will not be a Sufficiency of Grass—About that Time I would therefore recommend the Operations to commence, I mean, that the Army should then move from Schenectady, which will enable it to leave Fort Schuyler about the sixth of June, and I concieve it would be proper for any Troops designed to make Diversions from the Southward to move so as to be at their intended Rendezvous and march towards the Indian Settlements at the same Time, that they may co-operate as effectually as your Excellency wishes.
I have not yet obtained sufficient Information to answer the seventh Querie with any Degree of Satisfaction to myself—I have sent for a person, whom I am informed has travelled from Cayuga to Fort pitt in the last War.
I have partly anticipated an Answer to the eighth Querie, by what I have said of the Stockade Forts at Oswego, Irondequat and Cayuga in my Letter of the 4th Ultimo and of those at Cayuga and the East and West Ends of Oneida Lake in this—That at the East End may be erected by the Garrison after the Army has marched: that at the West End while the Troops there are waiting Intelligence from the Main Body & the pickets may be cut for that at Cayuga, to be erected as soon as the Batteaus arrive, which will carry the proper Implements for the purpose—By this Means the Army will be very little retarded in its progress—I have already observed that the posts at the East and West Ends of Oneida Lake were necessary to keep up the Communication with Fort Schuyler, another Reason offers which renders it necessary; when Batteaus cross that Lake they cannot always make the Shore together and if there was no post to protect them in Landing, the Enemy might cut them off in Detail. That at Cayuga is intended to lodge the Bulk of the provision and Stores for the Army, as beyond that it cannot be conveyed in Batteaus.
To the ninth Question, whether the Forts are built or not, I think, it would be prudent to carry on the whole Stock of provisions with the Army from its first Movement, if it can be obtained, both because it will save a very considerable Expence and because even admitting there would be little Danger in sending Supplies after the Army, yet no Batteaumen would venture to convey it without considerable Escorts and to afford these the Garrisons at the Stockade Forts must necessarily be augmented much beyond what I have mentioned and consequently the active Force weakened.

In answering some of the preceeding Questions, I gave it as my Opinion that the Troops from this Quarter ought to rendezvous at Fort Schuyler about the first of June, I am therefore in this place, only to answer the second part of the 10th Querie—permit me to observe that when the Army arrives at Cayuga (which by the Calculation before made I have estimated at about forty Days from its leaving Schenectady) if the Enemy come to Terms, as I think they will if we can surprize part of their Families, the Army may return as soon as the Terms of Conciliation are settled and Hostages given by the Indians to perform the Conditions which I think it of absolute Necessity they should be obliged to do not only for our Security against them, but with a View to obtain their Services on another Occasion which I shall hereafter mention—If on the contrary we do not surprize them or if no Events turn up to induce them to Terms all the Seneca Villages must then be destroyed, to accomplish which will probably take twenty Days before the Troops return to Cayuga and twenty more before they reach Schenectady: hence from their leaving the last mentioned place to their Return to it will be between eighty and one hundred Days.
To the 11th—If the whole of the provisions cannot be procured in Time to move with the Army, then I wish the Deficiency to be collected as speedily as possible, at Fort Schuyler, the whole Quantity to be, at least, sufficient for four Months, computing from the Time the Army leaves Schenectady.
I proceed to the 12th Question—Some of the Batteaus on Hand are of the proper Kind, but greatly deficient in Number and I think it will require, if the whole of the Stores be moved with the Army, about four hundred.
To the 13th and last Question I observe, that the Batteaus building at Saratoga and this place, and the Ship Timber which is collected at Stilwater, and the Magazines of Forage formed on Hudson’s River, and none to the Westward, will, in some Measure, induce the Enemy in Canada to a Belief that an Expedition into that Country will be attempted thro’ Lake Champlain—I shall pursue other Measures to induce such a Belief: but if five or six hundred Men were stationed at Fort George and Skenesborough and the Saw Mills employed at the latter, it would more effectually impress the Enemy with that Idea than any other Mode, Indeed it will be necessary to keep such a Body of Troops or Militia at those posts for some Time, lest when the Army moves to the Westward the Enemy should attempt the Destruction of the Northern Frontiers, which in their present weak State they may easily effect, as soon as the Lakes open.
I have directed Mr Deane to dispatch trusty Indians to the hostile ones and Niagara to gain the Information your Excellency recommends to be procured—I shall continue to employ proper persons for the same purpose in Canada from whence I have had some Intelligence since my last; but in Nothing materially different from what was communicated in mine of the 17th of January, except that Reinforcements are expected up the St Lawrence early in Spring and that they continue to expect a Visit from us.
I must entreat your Excellency’s Attention a little longer on the Subject of the intended Expedition—Much as I wish that the Onondagas and Cayugas should be surprised, because I esteem the having their Families in our possession as an almost certain Means of bringing the whole Confederacy to proper Terms, yet, I confess, I have many Doubts whether Matters can be conducted so secretly when a large Body of Troops moves as to give reasonable Hopes of Success, and if, all Circumstances considered, the Chance of effecting it should appear little, it would be unnecessary to employ more than one fourth of the Horses I have computed and thereby an enormous Expence would be saved, as one hundred would fully suffice from Cayuga to the Seneca Country, thro’ which because it is tolerably open, level and full of Grass and the Distance from Cayuga not very considerable, they can carry heavy Burthens, and as the Enemy will probably not venture much in the Rear of the Army, they may be sent with an Escort of two hundred Men to Cayuga for fresh Supplies, if there should be Occasion.
Your Excellency will percieve that I have made a low Estimate of the Number of British Troops which I suppose will join the Indians—I was led to do so from a Consideration of the almost Impossibility of their subsisting the Force only which I have computed they may oppose—Should they however, by any Means, procure Intelligence that our Operations will be pointed to the Westward and should they concieve that we aim at Niagara they will probably take post at Oswego, in Order to prevent our supposed Descent into Ontario—In that Case, as soon as they are informed of our real Intentions, they may dispatch a Body of Troops to Irondequat, from thence to support the Senecas or make a Diversion by the Onondaga River: but if our Army moves with the Rapidity it ought the Seneca Towns may be destroyed and our Troops return to Cayuga before they can form a Junction with the Indians from Irondequat, or should they come in such Force up the Onondaga River as to render the Return of our Army, by Water, impracticable the Retreat may be made by Land thro’ Onondaga with the Loss of such Batteaus as must of Necessity go to Cayuga.
In my Reflections on this Business a Thought has occurred which I will venture for your Excellency’s Consideration—The Onondaga Capital Village is about fifty Miles from Fort Schuyler: the intermediate Country is good for marching Troops: the Garrison of Fort Schuyler consists, I suppose, of near four hundred Men—It might be augmented with three hundred from the Troops at Canajoharie, which is about fifty Miles distant from it—If of these five hundred were ordered, the soonest possible, to march with all Expedition to Onondaga, to surprize, if possible that Village, I cannot think Fort Schuyler would be in any Danger with a Garrison of two hundred Men for the present, even if a Disaster should happen to the party at Onondaga, of which I have very little apprehension—A sufficient Number of Horses may be procured in the Vicinity of the Fort to convey the little Ammunition and provision that would be wanted, and if the Enterprize is attended with Success it may possibly bring the others to Terms and supercede the Necessity of an Expedition—The Indians already begin to be apprehensive—They are, by the Information I have received, in great Want of provisions and a considerable part of the Onondagas have already seperated from the Rest and are come to oneida, to put themselves under our protection, as your Excellency will see by the inclosed.
In the Answer to your Excellency’s 10th Querie I promised to point out an additional View in taking Hostages from the Indians—If they can be brought to give them they will undertake any Thing for their Release and I think it would not be difficult, in that Case, to prevail with the Senecas to attempt the Surprize of Niagara—They are constantly admitted in large Numbers into the Fort, and if even the British officer commanding there should be advised that they had entered into a Treaty with us, he would still cherish them, either in Hopes of their recommencing Hostilities or to prevent their being troublesome and distressing to his Garrison, which they are very capable of being, as the British Troops have experienced in the Indian War of 1763 when they cut off very considerable Detachments between Niagara and Lake Erie and greatly obstructed the Communication to Detroit.
March 4th—Yesterday I was honored with your Excellency’s Favor of the 17th Ult. The Directions respecting the Batteaus will be punctually complied with, and be assured that every Information I have in my power to give or procure will be communicated with the greatest Alacrity.
I shall take Measures to have the Ship plank procured, without interfering much with the other Work.
A party of the Enemy have been as high up as Tyonderoga and carried off some Inhabitants and a Number of Cattle, and it is said that a Body of them have taken post at Tyonderoga—I do not believe it, but have ordered (as General Clinton is absent for a few Days) that an officer should be dispatched with a party from Fort George to reconnoitre that place.
A Messenger with Dispatches from Canada is gone to New York—Such Measures are taken to apprehend him, on his Return, which is to be about this Time, that I have Hopes he will not escape us.
I was before this to have given your Excellency General Clinton’s and my Determination respecting the Attempt to destroy the Enemy’s Vessels on Champlain, but as no Conveyance offered I deferred it. From a Consideration of the position of the Enemy’s Ships, and the Care taken for their Security, by the Intelligence contained in mine of the 17th January and the very little prospect that a party could reach St John’s undiscovered, as it is not possible to pass Isle aux Noix on the Ice without the Enemy’s knowing it, and that, if they had gone by Missisque they would probably have been met with, or their Tracks been discovered by, some of the Enemy’s Scouts, which they constantly keep in that Qua⟨rter mutilated⟩e thought it advisable to decline the Attempt—The party for Ontario marched on Sunday last.
March 7th—Last Night Colonel Van Schaick read me Letters from Captain Graham, who commands at Fort Schuyler and Captain Cop at Oneida—They have received Intelligence that a large Body of Indians and Tories are actually collecting at Niagara and the Seneca Towns, immediately to attack Oneida, and from thence proceed down the Mohawk River. That the Cayugas have removed their Families to the Senecas. I have the Honor to be, with the greatest Respect, Esteem and Affection Dear Sir Your Excellency’s most obedient humble Servant
Ph: Schuyler


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Woodford, 1 March 1779
From: Woodford, William
To: Washington, George

Dear Genl
Virginia March 1st 1779

I recd your favor of the 10th Feby only three Days ago. I should have set out immediately for Camp as your Excellency desired, but am under an obligation to attend Caroline Court, which happens the 11th Day of the month, to settle my Administration acct of Colo. Thorntons Estate, this could not be done at the Feby Court, owing to the badness of the weather, & will lay me under the dissagreeable necessity of risqueing your Excellencys displeasure, then which, nothing could give me more real uneasiness. I am not without hopes that I shall be able to satisfy your Excellency that nothing but the most pressing necessity could have induced me to remain so long here.
I am extreemly sorry that my stay should have detain’d Genl Muhlenberg or any other Officer from visiting their Family or private Affairs; I was apprehensive some time ago that this might be the case, & strove to avoid it by every means in my Power.
Your Excellency may be assured that I will set off the Day after the Court, & use the greatest expedition in geting to Camp. I am, with much respect & esteem, Your Excellencys Most Obedt humble Servt
Wm Woodford


Title: General Orders, 2 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook tuesday March 2nd 1779.
Parole Iroquois—C. Signs Inn. Indus.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Nathanael Greene, 2 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

Sir
[Middlebrook] March 2d 1779

The forgoing list being submitted to me by you, for consideration, I shall observe that if the articles therein contained, are intended as an extra provision for the ensuing campaign and wholly designed for such troops as may proceed by the way of Wyoming, I think the quantity too great, and that the following deduction may be made; as an expedition of this kind, should be as little encumbered as possible.
500 Felling Axes
200 Spades
200 Shovels
1,000 Knapsacks ) It is to be presumed
1,000 Haversacks ) the troops will be
2,000 Canteens ) provided with those
600 Camp Kettles ) Articles
200 Fascine Knives
500 Horse bells
200 Hopples—Perhaps the whole 500, as
every wood’s Man knows how to make
them equally good of hiccory witches.
If on the other hand these things are to be considered as part of the genl Provision for the use of the army next campaign and can be procured on tolerable good terms in the Towns bordering on the susquehannah they may as well be purchased there, as else where, especially as it may be a magazine from whence the troops at fort Pitt may be supplied, the wants of which should be immediately ascertained and supplied, and a proper enquiry made into the state of these articles at Albany that there may be no want of them at [that] place.
Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Jay, 2 March 1779
From: Jay, John
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Philadelphia 2d March 1779

accept my thanks for your obliging Favor of the 23 Ult. and be pleased to add to the obligation by a Repitition of them.
The arrival of a Reinforcement from Rhode Island at New York seems to indicate, either another Embarkation to the Southward, or offensive operations in your Quarter. but of military Matters I have too little Knowledge to hazard Conjectures, especially to Persons familiar with that Science.
In one of the English Papers I have the Honor to enclose, is a Copy of the Family Compact between the Branches of the House of Bourbon. as it explains the political Connection between France & Spain, I think it interesting.
we hear nothing from General Lincoln. A little Vessel with military Stores, which lately sailed from hence bound to South Carolina is taken.
my best Respects to Mrs Washington. I am Dear Sir with perfect Esteem & personal Regard Your obt Servt
John Jay


Title: To George Washington from John Jay, 2 March 1779
From: Jay, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia 2nd March 1779.

Your Excellency’s Letters of the 24th & 26th Ulto with their several Inclosures have been received and communicated to Congress.
A Copy of an Act of Congress of the 27th Feby is herewith enclosed, by which your Excellency will perceive that the Letter of Coll Wigglesworth is referred to the Delegates of Massachusetts Bay, & that General Glover is to be indulged with a furlough for such time as may be necessary to his private Affairs—I have also the Honor to transmit enclosed several printed Copies of two Acts of Congress—the One of the 11th Ulto respects the Commissary General of military Stores—the other of the 18th, establishes Regulations for the Department of Inspector General—I have the Honor to be &ca
J: Jay


Title: To George Washington from Henry Laurens, 2 March 1779
From: Laurens, Henry
To: Washington, George

Dear sir.
Philadelphia 2d March 1779.

At my return to Philadelphia from Middle Brook I found on my Table Your Excellency’s favor of the 17th February—were I to indulge a pen, always prompt to express the feelings of my heart, truths might drop, which ‘though truths, had better be understood than displayed, therefore I shall say only in one word, I count it one of the highest honors of my Life to have been for some Weeks an Inmate in my own House with General Washington & his Lady, an honor coveted by the first Men of the Age, hence you will see Sir, how much I think myself overpaid for those respects which you are pleased to take notice of.
Possibly the secret of preparing Fascines at Staten Island was unfolded at Elizabeth Town in the late project for surprizing General Maxwell & captivating my worthy friend Governor Livingston, had success attended these attempts, the triumphs of Sir Henry, & our mortification would have been in extremes, Emulation of the vigilance at that post, will hereafter appear in every subordinate department throughout Your Excellency’s command, every commanding Officer will think himself insulted by the Knight’s repeated schemes for effecting surprize & carnage, which implies a disdainful confidence of finding American troops always off their guard.
Your Excellency will find under cover with this, two Carolina Gazettes which contain all the intelligence I have received from the Southward since the 15th January. Mr Hutson has a Letter of the 21st of that Month, importing in very general terms, that Major General Lincoln was at the head of 3500 Men Brigadier General Williamson commanding 1000. had given a detachment of the Enemy’s Troops who were penetrating the Country towards Augusta a severe repulse.
A schooner loaden here with Military Stores, about 18 Tons, was captured on her voyage for so. Carolina within a few hours after she left the Capes of Delaware. this is an untoward circumstance. Carriage by Land will be intolerably slow & expensive & the avenues by Sea are said to be shut up.
Mr Barton the Gentleman who will have the honor of delivering this to Your Excellency, is desirous of paying a visit to his Father at New York; before Mr Barton’s arrival in this City I had received a Letter directed to his Father, the propriety of delivering it unopened submitted to me by the Gentleman who had forwarded it from France, upon enquiry I learned that Mr Barton the elder had gone over to the Enemy, therefore by advice of my friends I opened & found it to be from the present Gentleman, exhibiting a contrast of Characters between Father & Son. upon the arrival of the Latter, I delivered him his Letter & requested a Copy of it, which I shall inclose under the present cover as the best recommendation of a suitor to Your Excellency for a permit to pass either to or beyond the Enemy’s Lines—such a permit cannot at present be obtained in philadelphia.
Mr Barton has desired me to add to his own the name of a Mr Zantzinger who intends to accompany him. I know nothing of the latter & no more of the first Gentleman than I have already mentioned, I must confess myself prejudiced in his favor, but I have given him no ground for beleiving that I act the part of a solicitor—he understands, “that I send a Copy of his Letter, & that General Washington will do as he shall think proper.”
shall I request Your Excellency to present me in the most respectful terms to Mrs Washington, a Box of Oranges &c. from Don Juan de Miralles is waiting the call of the Dep. Quarter Master, I am apprehensive the event will be, Mrs Washington’s wishes that Mr Laurens had eat the Oranges while they were sound. believe me with the most sincere & respectful attachment Dear sir. Your much obliged humble servant
Henry Laurens,


Title: To George Washington from Fielding Lewis, 2 March 1779
From: Lewis, Fielding
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
March the 2d 1779

Inclosed you have An Act of this state for speedily recruiting the Virginia Regements on the Continental establishment by which it is enacted that the Governour do request the commander in chief of the american army to order into this state One General or field Officer to give such orders as he may see cause for collecting the Men as they are raised and marching them to the grand Army, as no officer has yet appeared I fear the Govourner has not made the request to you wch occasions my now sending the Act to you, the Men are inlisting very fast and was there officers here to receive them as they inlist, many Companys could be disiplined before they leave the state, the King of G. Britain by his speech seems desireous of continueing the warr with us which I now expect will be for some time, as we have it not in our power to make peace without the concurrance of France which will not happen before there disputes are setled and a general peace takes place, should you have any notice or reason to beleive that this will shortly happen I shall be obliged to you for the earlyest notice thereof for my govourment in the Mercantile way in which I may be engaged and other matters. Colo. Baylor is safely arrived in Virginia I had the pleasure of dining with him last sunday at Mr Page’s he seems to be of opinion that the Enemy will not be able to make any extrodinary effort this next summer, I hope France & Spain will find them sufficient imployment in Urope & the West indies to prevent any more Men being sent here. My Son George is now here he informs me that he intends to leave the service being of Opinion that he has not been promoted as he had a right, I never approved of Officers resigning that have entered into the service of there Country for trifling matters, concluding there must be weighty reasons for any deviation from the general rules laid down for the regulation of our Army, therefore I have told George to advise You of the matter before he takes any step of that sort, he informs me that he has wrote by Colo. Harrison. Colo. Steward & Colo. Ball are here I beleive on their way to Camp. I expect Majr Towles called on You in his way to New York his summons I beleive was very unexpected and his absence a great loss to his family & others who have business in his hands to manage, Colo. Baylor seems to be of Opinion that it will be difficult getting another parole, or exchanged for an officer of equal rank. Our Friends are all well the Old Lady keeps her health & I think my wife & Self have received benefitt from having had the small Pox she joins me in our Love to Mrs Washington & yourself. I am Dr Sr Your Affectionate Hume Servt
Fielding Lewis


Title: From George Washington to William Patterson, 2 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Patterson, William

Sir.
Head Quarters [Middlebrook] 2d March 1779.

Inclosed I transmit you your instructions—and letters for the officers commanding at the posts of Wyoming, Sunbury, and Fort Willis.
Should any money be wanted preparatory to this business—you will apply to me for it. I am sir Yours &c.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Israel Putnam, 2 March 1779
From: Putnam, Israel
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Camp Reading [Redding, Conn.] March 2d 1779

I am honor’d with your Excellencys Commands of the 10th & 14th Ulto. I have long since directed Lt Col. Gray to procure all the papers relative to Scudders Affair & forward them to me, that they might be transmitted to you—These I have been waiting for this some time, which prevented my Answering your Letters before—but as he cannot obtain them imediately I shall defer that till another Opportunity. The court of Admiraltry that has been held on this occation refuses to do any thing in the matter till your Pleasure is known.
Mr Burrall Assistant Pay master Genl has arrived at Crompond where he proposes to take his Quarters, but I think Fredericksburgh would be more central & safe, I shall order the money to be distributed among the Regiments in the manner Directed by your Excellency, & hope we shall have pretty good success in Recruiting.
The times for which many of the men here are engag’d, will expire next Novr and if the same Bounty could be given them as is to those, whose times are out in June, I doubt not but the principle part of them might be engaged for the War.

A Detachment from the Enemy at Kingsbridge consisting of the 17th, 44th, & 57th British Regts one of Hessians and two of New Levies, March’d from their lines for Horse Neck on the Evening of the 25th Ulto with an intention of surprizing the Troops at that Place & Destroying the Salt Works.
A Capt. & thirty men were sent from our Advanced lines at Horse Neck as a Scout, who discoverd the Enemy at N. Rochel on their Advance—they retired before them, undiscoverd as far as Rye Neck when it growing light the Enemy Observ’d & attack’d them—they defended themselves as well as possible & made their way good to Saw pitts where they took the Advantage of a Commanding piece of ground and made some little Stand but the superior force of the Enemy obliged them to retire over Byrum Bridge which they took up, by that means had an Opportunity of Reaching Horse Neck in safety.
As I was there my self to se the Situation of the Guards I had the Troops formed on a Hill by the Meeting House ready to receive the Enemy, as they Advanced—They came on Briskly & I soon Discoverd that their design was to turn our flanks, & possess themselves of a Defile in our Rear, which would effectually prevent our retreat. I therefore ordered partys out on both flanks, with Directions to give me information of their approach, that we might retire in season. In the mean time a Column Advanced up the main Road, when the remainder of the Troops (amounting only to about 60) were posted—We Discharg’d some Old field pieces which were there a few times, & gave them a small fire of Musquetry but without any considerable effect—the superior force of the Enemy soon Obliged our small Detachment to abandon the place.
I therefore Directed the Troops to retire and form on a Hill a little distance from Horse Neck, whilst I proceeded to Stamford & Collect’d a Body of Militia & a few Continental Troops that were there, with which I return’d Immediately and found that the Enemy (after Plundering the Inhabitants of the principle part of their effects, & Destroying a few salt Works a Small Sloop & Store,) were on their return.
The Officer Commanding the Continental Troops Station’d at Horse Neck Mistook my Orders and went much further than I intended, so that he could not come up wth them to any Advantage—I however Orderd the few Troops that came from Stamford to pursue them, thinking they might have an Opportunity to pick up some Stragglers—In this I was not mistaken as your Excellency will se by the Inclos’d list of the prisoners—besides these 8 or 9 more were taken & sent off so that I cannot tell the particular Regts to wh. they belong—One Amunition & one Baggage Waggon was also taken—In the former there were about 200 Rounds of Cannister Grape and round Shot suited to three Pounders some slow Match & about 200 Tubes the latter was filled with Plunder which I had the Satisfaction of restoring to the Inhabitants from whom it was taken—As I have not yet got a Return I cannot tell exactly the Number we lost, tho I dont think more than 10 Soldiers and about that number of Inhabitants but a few of which were in Arms.
As I was in the Stores at Danbury a few Days since I Observ’d a Quantity of Blankets & Cloathing, which I am told has been there more than a year, They are in a most Shocking situation; part of them are verry much Damaged if not renderd entirely useless—Some of the Cloathing was sent on their as long since as when Col. Charles Webb Commanded a Regt & Design’d for him but the Garments were cut so small that he refused to take them & they have lain there ever since, There is 7 Bales of Cloth 7 Do of Blankets 1 Box Do & two Hds.
I should be Glad of your Excellencys Directions respecting these things, and if they can be spared, could wish that some of them may be Deliverd for the use of this Division which is verry Destitute; Blankets in particular are exceedingly wanted, If it is consistant that these should be kept here, I think it would save expence to have the Cloathier come and Deliver them on the Spot.
Since writing the above the papers from Lt Col. Gray have come to hand, and are herewith transmitted to your Excellency. I had almost forgot to mention that at the same time the Enemy Advanced to Horse neck by land, a large fleet came out of Huntington Harbour & steerd their course for stamford, but such a storm arose as obliged them to put about by the time they had got half across the sound—The Enemy left three Dead on the Field at Horse Neck; We recd no other Damage than a Lt of Militia Wounded. I am with great respect Your Excellencys Most Obdt Servt
Israel Putnam


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General William Smallwood and the Field Officers of the Maryland Line, 2 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Smallwood, William,Field Officers of the Maryland Line

Gentlemen,
Head Quarters Middle Brook 2d March 1779

Inclosed you have the settlement of rank in the Maryland line by a board of General-Officers, after a full representation and investigation of the different claims. You have also an explanation of the former powers of the State of Maryland to the Commander in Chief, respecting the disputes existing in your line.
You will be pleased to compare the abovementioned settlement with the resolve of Congress of the 24th of November last published in General orders of the 18th of december following which is to be final in all cases comprehended in it; but any cases to which it does not extend are to be noted, and officers unconnected with the dispute will be appointed to decide them.
I cannot conclude without earnestly recommending it to the Gentlemen concerned to acquiesce in the decisions which shall now be made, though repugnant in some instances to their expectations and wishes. It is to be hoped that hereafter the progress of promotion and rank will be more uniform and satisfactory; and since the war seems to be arrived at a stage in which we are ballancing between the prospect of an immediate and glorious peace and the vigorous exertions of one more campaign; I trust those who are interested, influenced by the desire of putting a finishing hand to the first and sharing in the honor of the last, will not leave the serv[ic]e; because they cannot be placed precisely in the situation to which they conceive themselves intitled.


Title: From George Washington to Jeremiah Wadsworth, 2 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Wadsworth, Jeremiah

Sir;
[Middlebrook, 2 March 1779]

I find that there will be occasion for larger Magazines of Provisions on the Susquehanna than were directed in my order of the 14th Ulto. You will therefore extend your views to the Supply of three thousand Men for at least three Months. As far as it is practicable, procure the provisions on the West side the River, and deposit it thereon (to be Water borne) from middle Town up to Sunbury; and on both sides of the River, as it may happen to be purchased.
Use your utmost exertions to have the above quantity of Flour provided by the first day of May. as the Meat intended for the Supply of these Troops will, more than probably, be in live Cattle, it may be held in readiness but not drove to the Susquehanna till Troops are about to move thither.
The Supply for Fort Pitt as mentioned in the above order of the 14th Ulto must not be dispensed with either in quantity, or time, under no pretence whatsoever. Given at head Quarters this 2d day of March 1779.
G. W——n


Title: General Orders, 3 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook Wednesday March 3rd 1779.
Parole Languedoc—C. Signs Lora—Lidd—

The General Court Martial whereof Colonel Hall is President is dissolved; at which court February 23rd—Lieutt Person of the 6th Virginia regiment was tried for “unofficerlike conduct in being absent from his patrole and thereby suffering the enemy to surprize and take his men at Woodbridge on the morning of the ninth of February last.”
After mature deliberation the Court are of opinion he is guilty of the charge exhibited against him being a breach of the 5th Article, 18th Section of the Articles of War & sentence him to be reprimanded in general orders.
The General is sorry to be obliged to declare that he thinks the sentence inadequate to the offence.

The strictest punctuality in patrole duty is of such essential importance, and a surprize from any neglect or irregularity in an officer is always so disgraceful, often so pernicious, that it should never fail to incur the severest penalty.


Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 3 March 1779
From: Clinton, George
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir,
Pokeepsie [N.Y.] 3d March 1779

Altho there have been no Hostilities committed by the Enemy during the Winter on the Western Frontier of this State the Inhabitants particularly of Tryon County are so Strongly impressed with Apprehensions of Danger on the Opening of the Spring that many of them have already and I am informed that most of them will speedily remove into the interior Parts of the Country unless they can have Reason to expect more perfect Protection than we were able to afford them last Year. Within a few Weeks I have received repeated Applications from them on this Subject intimating their Intentions to abandon their Settlements unless I could assure them that such Measures would be pursued as would render them secure and as I am sensible that nothing short of spirited offensive Operations against the Savages can effect this I find myself particularly embarrassed—If I am much longer silent they will remove and to encourage them to continue might in the Event be cruel—I would therefore wish if offensive Operations are really intended in that Quarter that I might have such Intimation of it as would enable me to give general Assurances to the Inhabitants to induce them to continue on their Farms—which, considering the present general Scarcity of Bread will be a capital Object as that County is one of the principal Grannaries of this State. I am also induced to make this Application to your Excellency as our Legislature is now sitting and discover a Disposition to enable me to call out a Body of Men for the ensuing Season to co-operate with such Continental Troops as your Excellency may destine for this Service.
I am advised that Lieut. Colo. Willett who has an Influence among the People of Tryon County (from his Exertions at Fort Schuyler when invested by St Leger) might be serviceably employed in arranging the Militia there for a few Months and I would be glad to have it in my Power to call him to that Service if I should esteem it necessary and this I presume might be done without injuring his Regiment as it is completely officered.
I will be much obliged to your Excellency for any late Intelligence which you are at Liberty to communicate. I am with the highest Respect and Esteem Your most obedt servt
Geo: Clinton
P.S: I omitted mentioning that if we raise any Number of Men we shall be at a Loss to arm them fit for the Field—unless we can be supplied by the Public—the Arms to be returned at the Expiration of the Time allotted for the Service.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Erskine, 3 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Erskine, Robert

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 3d March 1779

I am favd with yours of the 26 ulto by Colo. Malcom. Notwithstanding the many conveniencies that would result from carrying on your work at your own House, I am still of opinion, that convenience is over ballanced by the danger you are in, should the enemy think the draughts in which you are engaged worth their attention. I can assure you, your Work is no secret to them. Some of the Convention Officers who were at your House, saw the Maps and mentioned the accuracy and great Value of them—Altho’ a small guard assisted by your own people may be sufficient to keep off the small parties of Villains who infest your quarter merely for plunder, it would probably be otherwise with a party sent expressly to take your papers, which, from the desultory kind of War they now seem inclined to carry on would be infinitely valuable to them—I must therefore repeat my desire of your removing as near to the Camp as a convenient situation will admit. You will be as perfectly safe any where in the Rear of the Army as if you were in the midst of it, the people being to a Man well affected and a chain of Guards so posted that no parties can penetrate undiscovered. I cannot think your family will be in danger after the objects that would probably tempt an enemy are removed, but of this you are the best judge—Colo. Malcom delivered the two Maps safe. I am &c.


Title: From George Washington to John Jay, 3 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, John

Sir,
Head Quarters Middle Brook March 3d 1779

I have received the letter which Your Excellency did me the honor to write of the 26th of last Month, together with the two resolves of Congress and the other inclosures referred to in it.
A plan of offensive operations for the effectual relief of the Western frontier has been some time since determined upon and preparations are making in consequence. I endeavour to observe as much secrecy as possible.
In the late proceedings of the Committee of arrangement respecting the sixteen additional batalions, it has been determined to incorporate Malcolm’s and Spencer’s regiments into one, and Webb’s and Shelburnes into another—It is left undecided who shall be the Colonel and Lieutenant Colonel in the first, and who the Colonel in the last. By the resolve of Congress of the 4th of frebruary, directing the Commander in Chief to complete the arrangement of the army, the decision of this matter devolves upon him. In giving this general direction, I am persuaded, the particular case of these officers did not occur to the attention of Congress; otherwise they would have been sensible of the delicacy of my undertaking to decide in an affair of this nature; especially where officers of such character and rank are concerned.
I shall be happy, if Congress think proper to take the matter into their consideration and will favour me with the result as speedily as possible. The officers interested are very anxious to know their fate and the service will suffer from delay. I have the honor to be With perfect respect and esteem Sir Your most Obedt servt
Go: Washington
P.S. In the incorporation of Sherburn’s and Webb’s regiments—I observe a note, that “Colo Sherburne is to command at present.” If he is not to be continued in command, he will hardly like to remain in it, ’till Col. Webb can be exchanged, then to relinquish it to him.


Title: From George Washington to William Livingston, 3 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, William

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 3d March 1779

I was a few days ago honored with yours of the 18th ulto inclosing the depositions of several inhabitants and civil Officers respecting ill treatment recd from sundry Officers of the Army and a refusal in some of them to submit to the civil process—Major Call and Mr Heath two of the Officers are at Winchester in Virginia in Winter Quarters a very considerable distance from hence, but if you are of opinion that there is an immediate necessity for their appearance to answer the charges against them I will order them down—Capt. Von Heer and Mr Skinner are in Camp. From the conclusion of your letter you seem willing to suffer the matter to be compromised by the parties to prevent further trouble. I rather wish that the several charges may be fully investigated, that the Officers may, if they are found guilty, be dealt with according to law civil or military, in which ever Court they may be tried, or, if innocent, honorably acquitted. I therefore propose that the parties accusing Von Heer and skinner should institute Civil suits against them, to which I will engage they shall submit, or if they will leave it to a military determination, I will order a Court Martial which will be the speediest method of bringing it to an issue.
I am every now and then embarrassed by disputes between the Officers and Inhabitants, which generally originate from the latter coming into Camp with liquor, selling it to the Soldiers, and, as the Officers alledge, taking Cloathing provisions or accoutrements in pay. there being no civil redress, that I know of, for a greivance of this nature, the Officers undertake to punish those suspected of such practices, sometimes with reason, and probably sometimes without foundation—If there is no law of the State to prevent this kind of commerce between the people and the Soldiery, it would have a very good effect, to procure one, prohibiting an inhabitant from selling liquor to the Soldiers, within the limits of the Camp, without leave obtained from the commanding Officer of the quarter into which it may be brought, and imposing a penalty, recoverable by a summary process before a Magistrate, upon any person receiving Arms, Accoutrements, Cloathing or provisions from a soldier by way of purchase, or in exchange for any commodity brought into Camp for sale. An act of this kind would releive the considerate Officer from the disagreeable necessity in which he is often involved, of submitting to a greivance destructive of every military principle, or undertaking to punish a Citizen by virtue of his own authority, and it will point out a mode of redress to others too willing perhaps to exercise military power when they have an oppertunity or excuse for so doing—I congratulate you on your late escape at Eliza. Town as I am very sincerely Dear Sir Yr most obt.
I return you the Affidavits agreeable to your request.


Title: From George Washington to Captain Stephen Slott, 3 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Slott, Stephen

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 3d March 1779.

It would give me great pleasure were I able to afford protection and assistance to every part of the Country whether exposed to the common and open Enemy, or those lurking Villains who infest your neighbourhood. To cover the Country generally, I have been obliged to extend the Cantonments of the Army to such a length that it is already but too weak at every post and was I to send off small detachments from those posts for the purposes you require, it would defeat the intent of placing them where they are now stationed, which is, to cover the Country generally (as I before mentioned) and to be ready to assemble quickly, should an attack be made upon any quarter. A small Body of Militia well acquainted with the defiles in which, those people who infest you, conceal themselves, would, in my opinion, answer the purpose much better than continental troops who would be intirely at a loss after leaving the most common Roads. I am &.


Title: From George Washington to Major General John Sullivan, 3 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Sullivan, John

Dr sir
Hd Qrs [Middlebrook] 3d March 1779

Notwithstanding your letter of the 20th Ult. was directed to be forwarded in the most expeditious manner, yet it did not reach me till last night.
I shall write this day to Mr Wadsworth, who is at Hartford in Connecticut on the subject of the civil process against Capn Sessions and suggest a compromise, and his endeavours for the withdrawing, of the suit. Should this be agreed to, by the commissary who is the prosecutor it will no doubt be expected on your part that the military court should be suspended. If the affair is to be carried further I can have no objection to a court for the tryal of the commissary who is the principal object of your complaint. However to prevent any questions which might arise from its being composed of judges who may be supposed to have their feelings in some degree interested, it will be necessary to hold it in another department. But I would suppose the affair may be otherwise adjusted—and do not doubt but that Mr Wadsworth will promote this amicable purpose as he informed me sometime ago that all differences were ⟨at⟩ an end—I am &.
G. W——n


Title: To George Washington from Major General John Sullivan, 3 March 1779
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

Dear General,
Providence March 3d 1779

I have the honor to acknowlege the reciept of your Excellency’s esteem’d favor of the 14th of last Month, wherein, you express an uneasiness, at a Spirit of Mutiny which General Varnum assures you, has made its appearance among the Troops, whom I have the honor to command. As I was not before acquainted with this Circumstance, was not a little surpriz’d to recieve my first information, from your Excellency. I have since inquird of the commanding Officers of Regiments which compose that Brigade respecting it, and find it a matter of very inconsiderable consequence. About ninety Men of the Brigade, belonging to different Regiments collected, with a view, of relating their Grievances to the officers; imagining I suppose, that their Numbers wou’d give them a consequence. But tho’ mistaken in their mode of Address, they had not the appearance of Violence, and were without Force, readily dispers’d—These are the only alarming Effects of that spirit of Mutiny, with which, your Excellency’s tranquility has been disturb’d. and it is to me, matter of no small surprize & indignation, that, General Varnum shou’d trouble your Excellency with this relation of Facts which He did not think of sufficient Consequence to mention to me, who was more immediately concern’d. Your Excellency may rest assurd, that I shall spare neither persuasion nor Force—to reduce those to obedience, who may be so hardy and inconsiderate, as to rise against their lawful Authority.
Your Excellency’s Orders of the 7th and 12th of last Month, shall be implicitly obey’d. I have the honor to subscribe myself, with all imaginable Esteem, Dr General, Yr Excellency’s most obedient servant.


Title: From George Washington to Jeremiah Wadsworth, 3 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Wadsworth, Jeremiah

Sir.
Head Quarters Middlebrook 3 March 1779.

General Sullivan in a letter of the 20th Ulto mentions a civil process, carried on by the commissaries against a Capn Session, for purchasing provision in contravention of an express law of the State of Connecticut, which forbids under a large penalty, such proceedings, but by persons properly appointed.
He has likewise requested a military court for the tryal of the commissary who is the principal object of his complaint.
I have advised a suspension for the present, and mentioned that I would suggest to you a compromise, and the withdrawing if practicable the suit. There may be a mixture of passion on both sides, and perhaps on the whole, the matter had better be adjusted in an amicable manner, than carried thro’ a court of justice and a court martial.
The commissary, or person who prosecutes, will reflect, that altho’ the law is express and positive, yet a jury in considering the necessity of the case may be induced to bring in an opinion favourable to the defendant.
On the whole, I would recommend it to you, to use your endeavours for a friendly adjustment of the matter—And am sir Your very hble servt
Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 4 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook thursday March 4th 1779.
Parole KidderminsterC. Signs Kinross Kits.


Title: Circular to the Continental Artillery Colonels, 4 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Continental Artillery Colonels

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook March 4th 1779

I propose, as soon as the different Gentleman concerned can comply with the direction of this letter, to appoint a Board of Officers to determine those points in the corps of Artillery which were left undecided by the Committee of Arrangement. The principal of these will be, to settle the relative rank of the Colonels who were absent at the time the Committee were in Camp and to determine finally, the rank of the several regiments.
You will therefore as speedily as possible transmit to Head Quarters a representation of your own claim of rank in the corps of Artillery and of the rank of the Regiment under your command. In doing this, as you will not be present to give any personal explanations, you will be very explicit and particular; that the Board may be the better enabled to judge of the validity of the respective pretensions, and to give satisfaction to the parties. I am Sir Your most Obedient servant.
Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 4 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

Dr Sir
Head Quarters [Middlebrook] 4th March—79

The president of Congress has transmitted me Your Excellencys letter to the delegates of New York, representing the calamitous situation of the North Western frontier of that State—accompanied by a similar application from the Pennsilvania Assembly—and a Resolve of the 25th directing me to take the most effectual Measures for the protection of the inhabitants and chastisement of the indians.
The Resolve has been in some measure anticipated by my previous dispositions for carrying on offensive operations against the hostile tribes of Savages—It has always been my intention early to communicate this matter to Your Excellency in confidence—and I take occasion from the letter above mentioned—to inform you that preparations have some time since been making—and they will be conducted to the point of execution at a proper Season—if no unexpected accident prevents and the situation of affairs on the Maritime frontier justifies the Undertaking.
The greatest secrecy is judged Necessary to the success of such an enterprise—for the followg obvious reasons—That immediately upon the discovery of our design—the Savages would either put themselves in condition to make head against us, by a reunion of all their force and that of their allies—strengthened besides by Succours from Canada—or elude the expedition altogether which might be done at the expence of a temporary evacuation of forests which we could not possess—and the destruction of a few settlements which they might speedily reestablish. I begin to apprehend this matter is less under the veil of secrecy than was originally intended—but Your Excellency will see the propriety of using every precaution to prevent its being divulgated—and of covering Such preparations as might announce it—with the most specious disguise.
With respect to the force to be employed on this occasion it is scarce necessary to observe that the detaching a considerable number of Continental Troops on such a remote expedition—would too much expose the Country adjacent to the Enemys main body.
There must therefore be efficacious assistance derived from the States whose frontiers are obnoxious to the inroads of the barbarians—and for this I intend at a proper time to make application. Your Excellency will be pleased to acquaint me what force yours in particular can furnish—what proportion can be drawn from the inhabitants who have been driven from the frontier—and what previous measures can be taken to engage them without giving an alarm—This Class of people besides the advantages of knowlege of the Country and the particular motives with which they are animated—are most likely to furnish the Troops best calculated for the service—which shd be Corps of active Rangers—who are at the same time expert markmen and accustomed to the irregular kind of wood fighting practiced by the indians—Men of this description embodied under proper officers would be infinitely preferable to a superior number of militia—unacquainted with this species of War—and who would exhaust the Magazines of amunition and provision without rendering any effectual service.
It will be a very necessary attention to avoid the danger of Short enlistments—the service should be limited only by the expedition or a term amply competent to it—otherwise we may be exposed to having their engagements expire at some interesting or perhaps critical juncture.
I have only to add that I shall be happy to have the advantage of any Sentiments or Advice Your Excellency may be pleased to communicate relative to the expedition. I have the honor to be &c.
P.S. In Your Excellencys Letter to the Delegates you mention that you have not received the arrangement of the Troops of your State.
It was transmitted me among the rest from the board of War—and I inclosed it in a letter of 22d Ulto to Brigadr Genl J. Clinton desiring him to report to me any subsequent alterations that may have happened—and return the arrangement—to me for completion—Congress hav⟨i⟩ng vested me with powers for that purpose—Commissions will finally be issued from the Board of War—If Your Excelly can hasten the termination of this business, by affording any light or assistance—it will be rendering a very great service.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Horatio Gates, 4 March 1779
From: Gates, Horatio
To: Washington, George

Sir
Boston March 4th 1779

Yesterday I had the Honour to receive your Excellency’s Letter of the 14th Ulto from Middle-Brook. I am sorry to find Your Excellency seems to have given over all thoughts of penetrating into Canada by the Route of Co’os, after the preparations made for that purpose, at an incredible Expence.
I am satisfied you could not have advised with Two men, upon this Continent, better acquainted with the practicable Routes to the River St Lawrence, than General Bayley, and Colonel Hazen; the Latter being an Officer of great merit, and Service, and who long resided upon the River Sorell, and the former, the best of any acquainted with the Country between Co’os & Lake St Peters, who likewise has the most extensive influence upon the brave and Numerous Inhabitants in the Northern parts of the States which lie near Canada. As your Excellency advised with them, and Determined upon the Route by Co’os, I beg leave to express my Astonishment at the sudden change of your Sentiments, and relinquishment of that plan.
To go into Canada by Lake Champlain, before the Enemy’s Fleet are taken, or destroyed, is almost impracticable; to Attempt it by Lake Ontario, before Niagara is taken, & the Vessels upon that Lake are removed, is still more difficult, as the Fort at La Galette must be reduced before the passage down the River St Lawrence is open to Montreal. I believe that in the present State of our Army, and the actual Situation of our Magazines, to attempt a serious Invasion of Canada, by whatever Route, would prove unsuccessful, unless the Fleet of Our Allies should, at the same time, co-operate with us, by Sailing up the River St Lawrence. In that Case, the Enemy’s Force, would, all (Their Fleet Excepted) move down the River, to Succour Quebec; and, our Armament from Co’os, assisted by the Canadians, who would Flock to meet us, might March in the Utmost Security, from Co’os to Lake St Peters. The Upper Canada would then be wholly Ours; and The English Fleet on Lake Champlain, thus rendered Useless, would be destroyed by its own Crews, before these should be ordered down the River, to make the best of their way to Quebec.
I much lament the Amazing and needless Expense that is incurred by the preparations making on the upper parts of Hudson’s River; for, I am confident, no Force of Ours can get into Canada, by either of the Routes from Albany, in the Year 1779. The last paragraph of Your Excellency’s Letter, alarms me exceedingly. There is no Magazine of Flower in all these States; and, to have no hopes of procuring One, either by Land, or Sea, is a most melancholly consideration.
The Navy Board here just now acquainted me with their having lost all Hopes of any Supply of Rice from South Carolina, that State having laid an Embargo on that Article. With very great Respect, & Esteem, I am, Sir, Your Excellency’s Most Obedient Humble Servant
Horatio Gates


Title: From George Washington to Diego Joseph Navarro, 4 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Navarro, Diego Joseph

Sir,
Head Qrs Middle-brook March 4th 1779
A journey to Philadelphia in the Winter procured me the honor of Your Excellency’s favor of the 11th of Mar. last by Don Juan De Merailles, and the pleasure of this Gentleman’s acquaintance. His estimable qualities justify your recommendation & concur with it to establish him in my esteem. I doubt not he will have informed you of the cordial and respectful sentiments, which he has experienced in this Country. On my part I shall always take pleasure in convincing him of the high value I set upon his merit, and of the respect I bear to those who are so happy as to interest your Excellencys friendship.
I can only express my gratitude for your polite offer of Service by entreating you to afford me oppertunities of testifying my readiness to execute any commands with which you shall be pleased to honor me. With my prayers for your health & happiness, and with the greatest respect I have the honor to be Your Excellency’s Most Obedt & most Hble Servant
Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Phillips, 4 March 1779
From: Phillips, William
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fredericksburgh [Va.] March 4th 1779
I will not trouble your Excellency upon the subject of the Convention Troops more than what you will have in reading my letter to Sir Henry Clinton, and I make no doubt but Your Excellency has been informed of all the particulars by Mr Harvie, and I live in the earnest hope that some positive remedy will be applied in redress of the present situation of the Convention Troops—According to your instructions I have applied for the interposition of the Governour of Virginia in matters relating to the Troops and I have no doubt of his Assistance.
Captain Bliss will have the honor of delivering this letter to you, Sir, and I take leave to assure your Excellency that his conduct has been strictly proper both as it relates to his observance of the orders given him and in the most civil attention for me.
I am very solicitous for his being exchanged or released and will propose to you, Sir, that he be allowed going into New York with my letter to Sir Henry Clinton on that subject as the surest means of his immediately succeeding.
I have heard that Colonel Baylor had letters for me from New York, which he sent to your Excellency’s Head Quarters—I shall be much obliged to you if they might be sent me as soon and as quick as possible. I have the honor to be Sir your Excellencys most Obedient humble Servant
W. Phillips


Title: From George Washington to Joseph Reed, 4 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Reed, Joseph

Dear Sir
Head Quarters [Middlebrook] 4th March 79.
Inclosed is a letter which I had written your Excellency, previous to the receipt of your favor by Mr Keen—If Congress have not given you official notice of their intentions relative to the defence of the Western frontier—You will be pleased to regard my letter on the subject in the light of a private and confidential intimation. I am with great regard and esteem Your Excellencys most obedt servt
Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Welles and Edward Chinn, 4 March 1779
From: Welles, John,Chinn, Edward
To: Washington, George

Albany March 4th 1779.
Your Excellency will perceive, on a settlement of Coll Lewis’s Accounts as Deputy Qr Mr Genl, a State of which we have furnished him with, that there is due to him, a Ballance of Twenty thousand five hundred and twenty seven pounds fourteen shillings—equal to Fifty one Thousand, three hundred and Nineteen Dollars & 2/8, for which Ballance we have this day, requested Your Excellency to grant a Warrant on the paymaster General. and in order to prevent, at these Critical times, any thing that may in the least effect that Gents. Character. We think it our Duty and we beg leave to assure Your Excellency that on Genl Greens appointment as Quarter Mr General, the Qr Mr Department was considerably indebted to the public for Services & Debts contracted before the 2d March 1778. the Military Chest of this Department being totally drained & the Depy Qr Mr not in Cash, that the Service might not suffer, by old Debts remaining unpaid, at our particular instance and request Colo. Lewis borrowed a similar Sum, which was appropriated to the discharge of those Debts, which we flatter ourselves will sufficiently account to Your Excellency for the appearance of so considerable a Ballance in his favour. We are truely & most Respectfully Your Excellencys Most Obedt & most humble Servants
John WellesEdward Chinn


Title: General Orders, 5 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook friday March 5th 1779
Parole Cicily—C. Signs Russia Amsterdam—

The Court Martial of which Colonel Williams is President is adjourned to Elizabethtown to meet at Smith’s Tavern on monday next at ten oClock.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel Daniel Brodhead, 5 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Brodhead, Daniel

Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 5th March 1779
Brigadier General McIntosh having requested from Congress leave to retire from the command to the Westward, they have, by a Resolve of the 20th Feby, granted his request, and directed me to appoint an Officer to succeed him—From my opinion of your Abilities, your former acquaintance with the back Country, and the knowledge you must have acquired upon this last tour of duty, I have appointed you to the command in preference to a stranger, who would not have time to gain the necessary information between that of his assuming the command and the commencement of operations.
As soon as Congress had vested me with the superintendance and direction of Affairs to the Westward, I gave General McIntosh orders to make the preparations and enquiries contained in my letters of the 31st January & 15th Feby last. Copies of these letters he will deliver to you, and will inform you how far he hath proceeded in the several matters recommended to him, and will likewise communicate to you what measures he may have taken and what orders may have been given towards the completion of the remainder.
You will observe by my letter of the 15th February that I have directed the Commy Genl to endeavour to form his Magazines by the 1st of May, by which time I hope the other preparations will be in sufficient forwardness to move. To induce you to exert yourself to the utmost to be ready by the above time, I need only make use of one argument, which is, that the success of the intended expedition does not depend upon the progress of one Body of Men, but upon the co operation of several, any one of which failing in point of time, may occasion the failure of the whole. The establishment of adequate Magazines, and the preparation of a sufficient number of Boats, of the kind that may be deemed most proper, are what ought principally to engage your attention. Should the enquiries concerning the Country, the Waters, the distances &ca be not so compleat as might be wished, we might yet proceed; but without the others we must be intirely at a stand.
I had desired General McIntosh to come down after he had put the matters recommended to him in a proper train, and to bring down a list of such Stores and other necessaries as might be wanting for the expedition. But I do not see how there will be a possibility of your doing this. Had General McIntosh have come down, you would have been fully competent to carrying on the preparations, but if you quit the post I apprehend there will be no Officer left of sufficient weight and Ability. This is an opinion which I would wish you to keep to yourself, because it might give offence to Officers in all other respects very worthy of the Stations they fill.
I must therefore desire you to remain at Fort Pitt, and you shall be from time to time fully informed of every thing necessary for your Government.
I have directed General McIntosh, in case you should be absent, to send to you by a special Messenger wherever you may be, and I must desire you to repair to Fort Pitt with the utmost expedition, as you will notwithstanding every exertion, find the time which you have for the execution of the Business full short for its completion. I am Sir Your most obt & humble Servt
Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Jay, 5 March 1779
From: Jay, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia 5th March 1779
Your Excellency will receive herewith enclosed three Acts of Congress of this day—One for accepting the Resignation of Brigadier Genl Warnum, another accepting the Resignation of Major Pawling of Colonel Malcolm’s Regiment, and the third authorizes your Excellency at your discretion to settle with the Enemy a Cartel for the Exchange of Prisoners. I have the Honor to be Sir Your Excellency’s most Obedt And Humble Servant
J: Jay


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Lachlan McIntosh, 5 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: McIntosh, Lachlan

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 5th March 1779
The prest of Congress a few days ago transmitted me a Resolve, of which the inclosed, is Copy by which they have directed me to appoint an Officer to succeed you in the command to the Westward, you having requested to be releived from that duty—I have in obedience thereto directed Colo. Brodhead to take the command, and have desired him to make application to you for a communication of all matters respecting the department, and particularly of the Steps and measures which you may have taken in consequence of my letters of the 31st January and 15th February last. I have inclosed Copies of those letters which you will be pleased to deliver to Colo. Broadhead, with that directed to him—Should he not be at Fort Pitt when this reaches you, you are to forward the letter to him wherever he may be by a special and trusty messenger, as not a moments time is to be lost. Should he be absent I shall depend upon your going on with the preparations and making the enquiries pointed out in my letters untill the time that you give up the command to him. After that is done I shall be happy to see you as soon as convenient at Head Quarters. I am with great Regard Dear Sir Yr &c.


Title: To George Washington from Timothy Pickering, 5 March 1779
From: Pickering, Timothy
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Timothy Pickering, 5 March 1779. GW wrote Pickering on 10 March: “I had the honor of your letter of the 5th Inst. with its inclosures.”


Title: General Orders, 6 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook saturday March 6th 1779
Parole Nantmell—C. Signs Norrington Southwark


Title: To George Washington from Ethan Allen, 6 March 1779
From: Allen, Ethan
To: Washington, George

Sir
Bennington [Vt.] 6th March 1779
The fifth Campaign drawing near Towards Opening, and Lake Champlain (from the last Intelligence) being broke up, and the Enemy’s Ships of Force and Scouting-parties Every day expected down the Lake; which may Annoy and Massacree the Frontier Inhabitants, has given rise to great uneasiness, as this Frontier is but weakly guarded and widely extended, which has Induced the Governor of this Infant State, with the Advice of his Council, and House of Assembly, to Lay before your Excellency the True Circumstances of the Inhabitants.
From them facts your Excellency will be able with equal Justice to Adjust matters in this part of the Northern Department: and grant such relief as Shall be Adequate to their Necessitous Condition.
Undoubtedly your Excellency will readily Conceive, that this part of the Country have done more than their Equal Proportion in the War. And Tho’ they are greatly reduced as to materials to maintain standing forces, yet on sudden emergencies, their Militia is able and willing, to face any equal number of the Enemy, provided they should have no other Reward but the satisfaction of Defeating them.
As to any further Information I refer your Excellency to Joseph Fay Esqr. the Bearer, whose representation may be relied on, and whose Zeal for his Country hath been very Conspicuous on all Occasions, Especially in the Important Battle of Bennington. I am Sir with the Greatest Respect and Esteem, your Excellency’s Most Obet and Humle sert
Ethan Allen


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Chittenden, 6 March 1779
From: Chittenden, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Sir
Bennington [Vt.] 6th March 1779
I am directed by my Councel and the General Assembly of this State, to recommend to your Excellency the present unhappy situation of the inhabitants of the northern Frontiers of this State, and to pray your Excellency’s Interposition for their future relief.
The contiguous situation of those inhabitants to the Enemy, has rendered their Safety perculiarly uncertain from the first commencement of the present War, the many Allarms occasioned by the approaches of the Enemy, have kept its inhabitants in such a fluctuating condition, as has rendered it impracticable for them to have secured any considerable Supplies of Provision for the subsistance of their Families before hand; the encroachments of the Army under the Command of Lieutenant General Burgoyne into this State, in the Year 1777, their dareing attempt to distroy this Town, and the Public Stores then deposited here, commanded the attention, as well as the most Vigerous exertions of those inhabitants; And altho there was at that time very plentiful Crops of Grain, Corn Hay &c. on the Ground, yet the Enemy prevented the inhabitants from securing any considerable part of it.
That by their continuing in service, for the purpose of reducing General Burgoyne to a Submission, the Season of the Year was so far advanced, as to put it out of the power of those inhabitants to make the necessary preperations for a Crop of Winter Grain, on which they have ever had their greatest dependance since the first settlement of this part of the Country.
They are therefore the principal part of them, reduced to an Indian Cake, in scant proportion to the number of their Families; and by the destruction of their sheep by the Enemy, and their loss of them otherwise, as well as their Flax, their Bellies and Backs are become co-sufferers.
In this deplorable situation, may it please your Excellency, they remain firm and unshaken; and being generally well Armed & accoutered, are ready on any Sudden emergency, and on the shortest notice to face and encounter their inveterate foe undaunted; but on viewing their present Circumstances, it may be, your Excellency may be prevailed on to make such Provision for the Security of those Frontiers, (which are no less So to three other States) as to prevent the Fatal necessity of continuing those inhabitants in constant service the ensuing Summer.
With this will be communicated a copy of Brigadr General Clintons letter of the 25th Ult. by which your Excellency will perceive his readiness to grant every relief in his power.

In consequence of his advice, I have ordered the continuance of the Company of Militia therein named, and an addition of fifty men exclusive of officers to join them immediately.
If after all, that has been exhibited on this subject, it should be found inconsistent to adopt any other Measures in the Case, I desire an order may be granted, for the Subsistance and pay of the officers and Soldiers, that may be found necessary to be raised from time to time within this State for the purpose aforesaid.
The Bearer hereof Joseph Fay Esqr., in whose attachment to the common Cause your Excellency may repose the greatest confidence, will be able to give any further inteligence in the premises, and patiently wait any advice, or directions your Excellency may please to Communicate. I am Sir your Excellency’s most Obedient Humble servant
Thos Chittenden


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 6 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

Sir,
Head Quarters Middle Brook March 6th 1779
By the inclosed copy of a resolution of the 25 of feby last, you will perceive it is the desire of Congress that some offensive expedition should be carried on against the Indians, the ensuing campaign. With an eye to a measure of this kind, I have some time since directed preparations to be made at such places as appeared to me most proper for the purpose; to be completed by the 1st day of May at which time it is my intention the operations should begin. The objects of this expedition will be effectually to chastise and intimidate the hostile nations, to countenance & ⟨en⟩courage the friendly ones, and to relieve our frontiers from the depredations to which they would otherwise be exposed. To effect these purposes it is proposed to carry the war into the heart of the country of the six nations—to cut off their settlements destroy their next years crops, and do them every other mischief which time and circumstances will permit.
From the best information I have been hitherto able to collect the whole number of warriors of the six nations including the tories—who have joined them will amount to about three thousand—To these must be added the aid they may derive from Canada and from the British garrisons on the frontiers—The force we shall have it in our power to employ on the expedition will be about 4000 Continental troops (I mean rank & fil⟨e⟩ fit for service); besides such aids of Militia as may be deemed absolutely necessary. These however will not be large, as Congress are endeavouring to persue a plan of strict œconomy and wish to avoid calling out the militia, which is attended with great loss and expence. To obviate the necessity of it, I have strained the supply of Continental troops, to the utmost extent, which a comparison of our collected force and that of the enemy will possibly permit. Three thousand of the abovementiond number will compose the main body; the remainder will be employed in different quarters to harrass and distract the enemy and create diversions in favour of the principal operation. It would be improper to hazard upon paper a more minute detail of the plan.
I am now to express my wish that it may be agreeable to you to undertake the command of this expedition, in which case you will be pleased to repair to Head Quarters without delay, to make the necessary previous arrangements and enter upon the business⟨.⟩ The season is so far advanced that not a moment’s time is to be lost.
But As I am uncertain whether your health or other considerations will permit you to accept a command of this nature, and as the advanced state of the season already mentiond, will not allow me to wait an answer—I have inclosed a letter for General Sullivan, on whom, if you decline it it is my intention the command shall devolve, should you accept you will retain the letter and return it to me; if not, you will immediately transmit it to him. Whether you accept or not you will be sensible of the necessity of secrecy—The less our design is known or suspected by the enemy the more easy and certain will be its execution.
It will also be of importance to its success [to] endeavour to prevent succours coming from Canada—This will be best effected by hanging out false appearances to deceive the enemy there and beget jealousies for their own security. Among other expedients, one may be to make inquiry, with an air of mystery and yet in such a way as will spread the idea—what force of militia could be derived from the State of Massachusettes, towards an invasion of Canada by the way of Co’os in case of the appearance of a french fleet and army in the River St Laurence? You will employ this and any other artifices that may occur to you for the purpose.
In the event of General Sullivan’s leaving Providence; you will take the imediate command of the troops now under him. I am Sir Your most Obedt servant.


Title: From George Washington to Patrick Henry, 6 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Henry, Patrick

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 6 March 1779
I do myself the honor to transmit you the Returns of the Officers and Men of the Virginia line who are intitled to the donation of six Months pay, except the Return of the 13th Regt which is at Fort Pitt and that of Colo. Harrison’s Regt of Artilly which has not been yet brought in: Upon consulting the Officers of your State, they were of opinion that the donation intended for the privates could be presented in no way so satisfactory as in money, as any article that could be purchased with the sum would appear so trifling that they might think they were imposed upon by the public. The Officers have added their subsistance money to their monthly pay. If it was not the intent of the state to include it, it may be easily deducted, being in a separate Column. As the Sum will be very considerable, I would advise that some Gentleman already upon the spot should be empowered to receive and pay the money, or that an Agent may be sent up for the express purpose.
I have directed Genl Scott to remain in Virginia to superintend the recruiting Service and have furnished him with the names of such Officers already in the State on command or Furlough, as are to be detained to assist him and march the Recruits to Camp as they are collected. He will wait upon your Excellency for your orders. I have the honor to be with the highest Respect & Esteem Yr Excellency’s most obt Servt.


Title: To George Washington from Jean Holker, 6 March 1779
From: Holker, Jean
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philadelphia the 6th March 1779
In Consequence of your Excellency’s orders to Lieutenant Col: North, with Respect to the French vessel the Marion—or Mary, taken by the english, But lost near sandy Hook, that Gentleman has call’d upon me here to Inform me thereof, and of the Sale he has made of the vessel & appurtenances, excepting the sails & Rigging: I have Requested of him to Sell by Public vendüe the Remaining articles & to send me his account of the neat Proceeds, deducting his Expenses. as I understand by Gentlemen of the Law that no salvage is düe for Recovery or Protection of the Wreck, I shall allow a Compensation & in the évaluation thereof, I shall be governed By some éminent merchants of this City, & By Mr North, So as Every one may be satisfied. I Return your Excellency many thanks for the orders you have been pleas’d to give on this occasion: It is an additional Proof of your Love of Justice & of your Desire to Preserve inviolate the Rights of the allies of the united states.
I have hear’d nothing from Vice Admiral Count d’Estaing, though the vessels we have sent out with flour and Biscuit from hence, are got safe in Martinico: three more are on their way, & will be follow’d By some others: we have not yet learn’d his Junction with the Squadron & Convois which are to meet him at some of the Islands, Nor have we any news of great importance from France with Respect to this warr, But that which attracts at present the attention of Congress.
By a Letter of the 25th December, wrote By the Duc de Lauzun, Commander of a Legion of 4000 men, on board the Fendant a Ship of 74, off Belisle, then going on an Expedition, I learn that the Queen was safely deliver’d of a Princess.
There are strong rumours of Peace among our merchants in France; We may be certain in the mean while that the Principles on which it will be grounded, will be équally advantageous to America, & as honorable to his most Christian Majesty, as His alliance with these Confederate states: God send a safe & Speedy one, So as to put a Glorious end to your Toils & Labours, which have establish’d the Liberty and Independance of North america.
I Beg leave to Present my Respects By this occasion, to Mrs Washington, & to the other Lady’s at head Quarters with whom I have the Honor of being acquainted: I Beg also to be particularly remembered to the gentlemen of your family. I have the Honor to Remain with profound Respect, Sir, your most Obedient humble Servant
holker.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Alexander McDougall, 6 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Middle Brook 6th March 1779
Mr Laurance delivered me your estimate of the strength and position of the Enemy at New York and its dependencies. I have since been favd with yours of the 4th instant. I shall endeavour to reinforce your post by the time the nine months men are about leaving you, so that I hope the enemy will be disappointed should they have such intentions as have been communicated to you.

Since I sent up the arrangements of the other Massachusetts Regiments, I have recd that of the late Colo. Aldens which I inclose. The promotion of the 7th Captain, who will be Capt. Lieut. Jonas parker, is to take place on the 11th October 1778 as Major Whiting certifies which I suppose is right. The subalterns intitled to promotion by this move on the same day likewise. This arrangement has been made among the Officers themselves, and I imagine may be adopted, if none of the other Officers of the line have any objections to make. I am Dear Sir Your most obt Servt
Go: Washington
P.S. The bare suggestion of an attempt upon the posts in the Highlands (whether true or false) makes me extremely sollicitous to have the Works at West point pushed forward with all possible dispatch, tho’ it should occasion a delay of those at any other place (for between you and me) I fear the expence incurred in building a Bridge over Croton will avail us little, as the enemy will never suffer it to remain there if it is not well defended. The prospect of doing which under our circumstances, I fear is but slender. I therefore again repeat my wish that the whole attention in a manner may be turned to the defences at West Point—If there is no longer danger to be apprehended from the Frost, the Chain, I conceive, should be fixed. At all events every preparation should be making for it, and I would advise the Officers to keep no Baggage of value in the Neighbourhood of Peekskill, as their attention, should the enemy operate up the North River, must not be withdrawn from other objects to secure it.

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Mitchell, 6 March 1779
From: Mitchell, John
To: Washington, George

Dr Sir
Philada 6 March 1779
It has not been from want of atention to your Excellencys commands that I have not sent you the several Articles you wrote for, long ere this; but it has not been in my power to procure them sooner. I have sent the Queens ware, Candle-sticks & Snuffers by a Waggon who setts off this day, they are as carefully packed as I cou’d get them, & hope they will get safe to Head Quarters the extravagent price of the Articles, will no doubt astonish you, but there was no alternitive, give the price or leave them was all cou’d be Obtained from the Holders—with much difficulty they cou’d be got at any price, I have given orders for a Sett for the President of Congress, & doubt much if they can be got on any Terms—I sent the Fur for your Cloths, & the Starch by Express, hope they got safe, and that the Fur answered your Intention—it was the best I cou’d procure—Your Excellencys Hatt is not yet finished, as soon as it is ready it shall be sent you by Express—hope to have the pleasure of seeing you before the Campaigne opens, but at present, the preperations for that event, confines me to this City—Mrs Mitchell intends herself the honor of waiting on Mrs Washington as soon as the Roads will admit of Traveling—she is at present in the Country and tho’ but about Twenty Miles distant, is confined on Accot of the Road, & weather, permit me to request you wou’d present my most respectfull Compliments to your Lady. I have the honor to be with the greatest esteem & respect Your Excellencys Most Obedt and most hume Servt
Jno. Mitchell
There is paper & sealing Wax, sent to General Greene for your Excellency.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 6 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

Sir
Head Quarters Middle brook March 6th 1779
Upon reciept of this Letter you will put Hazens regiment in motion—Inclosed are his instructions—his whole Regiment is to march—You will please to put the remaining part of Poors Brigade under Marching Orders—their destination will be pointed out in a Subsequent Letter—and you will use the most effectual means to cause every Officer & Soldier now on furlough, or who may obtain leave of absence after this reaches you (unless extraordinary reasons should induce the contrary) to join their respective Regiments before the first of May next. I hope Generals Parsons & Huntington are with their Brigades. I am &ca
Go: W——n


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Charles Scott, 6 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To: Scott, Charles

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Mid: Brook 6th March 1779
His Excellency Governor Henry having requested that a General Officer might be sent to the State of Virginia to superintend the recruiting service and that some of inferior Rank might also be sent to take charge of the Recruits when collected and march them to Camp, I have appointed you to that service and inclose you a list of such Officers already in Virginia upon command and Furlough as are to be detained for the purposes above mentioned. You are immediately upon the Receipt hereof to send to the different Officers or signify it to them in the public prints informing them of the duty to which they are appointed and repair yourself to Williamsburg and take your future orders from His Excellency the Governor. Be pleased to exert yourself to get as many of the Recruits as possible here by the 1st of May and if you can put the Business in such a train that you yourself can join your Brigade by that time, it will be very agreeable to me, as I wish to assemble our force by that time if possible. I am Dear Sir.


Title: To George Washington from Peter Scull, 6 March 1779
From: Scull, Peter
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Peter Scull, 6 March 1779. GW wrote Scull on 11 March: “I have recd yours of the 6th instant inclosing the Resolves of Congress relative to the Cloathing due the Army for the Year 1777.”


Title: General Orders, 7 March 1779
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters Middle-Brook sunday March 7th 1779
Parole Arundel—C. Signs Hyco Dan.


Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 7 March 1779
From: Clinton, George
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Pokeepsie [N.Y.] March 7th 1779
In Consequence of a Complaint made to me by James Hallett an Inhabitant of this State against Lieut. Colo. Holdridge I inclose your Excellency Copies of two Affidavits taken on the Subject not doubting that your Excellency will (if you can with Propriety interfere) give such Orders respecting the Matter as will insure to the Party complaining the Justice to which he is entitled. I am With the Highest Respect Your Excellency’s Most Obedt Servt
Geo: Clinton