Title: Enclosure: William Short to Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholaas and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard, 16 September 1791
From: Short, William
To: Willink, Wilhem,Willink, Jan,Van Staphorst, Nicholaas,Van Staphorst, Jacob,Hubbard, Nicholas

Paris Sep 16 1791
Gentlemen

I received after the departure of the last post your letter of the 8th inst. ⟨I⟩ am really sorry to find that you persist in pretensions which I should have hoped must have been removed by the observations contained in mine of the 3d. instant & of which you acknowlege the receipt. It becomes useless for us to discuss this subject longer. For my part I examined it in all its parts not so much to establish the right of the U. S. to the reduction of the charges (for that right is uncontestable as will appear from reading over my letters on the authorizing this loan) as to shew that it was just in them to exercise that right.
Leaving the circumstance of the commission you give to the undertakers out of the question, as being a matter of indifference as to the right of the U. S. to fix the conditions on which they will open loans, I think you cannot deny that Congress were at liberty to open this last loan or not to open it at Amsterdam—& also at liberty to employ your house or not to employ them in making it. If then they had this right they had also that of fixing with you the terms on which they would open it. Where are those terms to be found if it is not an authority given for opening the loan? In perusing my letters containing this authority the extension of the loan to six million is so expressly stipulated to be authorized only on the condition of the charges being reduced & others so often repeated that it is difficult to say how a pretension of the contrary could ever be taken up. So far I think you yourselves will not object to and must admit to the right of the U. S. to insist on a reduction of the charges on the 2½ million loan. It only remained therefore to put in question whether it would be just in them so as to use this right. I know nothing wch. would render it unjust except its being burthensome to those they imploy. This can only be understood by considering the terms on which you acknowlege you were willing to make the ⟨–⟩ the profits which you yourselves consider as competent in this business. According to your own statement your profits on the 2½ million loan were ⅛ p cent each. You object however to the raised commission of the undertakers being taken in to the acct. wch. was a sacrifice you made of yourselves—leaving that out of the question then the profits to wch. you consider yourselves as just would have been ¾ p cent each. If then the U. S. had chosen to employ your houses separately each to make a loan of three million & offered you 1 p cent clear commission you would certainly have accepted it or at least have considered these profits sufficient. As it is you have the appearance of acting jointly but not being bound for each other & may be considered as separately & your profits on the six million loan produce the same result. You object to this view of the subject as comparing your agency to mechanic labor. I cannot see the justice of this objection, but see on the contrary that you cannot have grounds to complain of the U. S. exercising an incontestible right where it is evident that instead of your being injured your profits are greater than those stated by you as being just on the 2½ million loan.
The right of the U. S. to insist on the charges of the loan of six million being reduced to 3¼ p cent being thus put beyond the possibility of a contradiction & the justice of exercising this right being also demonstrated, I cannot flatter myself that I shall be able to contribute to induce you to acknowlege them if these observations should not satisfy you. I hope therefore you will excuse me from a repetition of them. I have discussed them thus fully because I am desirous that you should be convinced that the U. S. in this instance not only claim a right, but one which it is highly just they should exercise. This consideration I should hope would induce you in your next to enable me to inform the Secretary of the Treasury that you retreat from the pretensions hitherto mentioned. Although this circumstance does not affect the right of the U. S. yet it is necessary for other reasons that there should be no further delay in this business.
You say you shall comply with my request to send to the Sec. of the treasury a copy of your letter to me of the 25th of August on having my approbation to send likewise a copy of that of the 8th inst. I do not see the necessity of having waited for this approbation as you might have taken it for granted that I would not have had any objection to your sending a copy of that or of any other of your letters to me, but on the contrary must have wished him to be furnished with whatever could give him lights in this business. I hope therefore you will transmit the copy of the letter in question or any other that you may suppose may have that tendency.
You mention the advantages resulting from the present rate of charges render the probability of the rise as being much greater for the U. S. than any saving in the charges on the loan. I can only repeat in answer to this what I have formerly mentioned, that although it may be just I do not consider myself or my powers competent to judge of it in consequence of such considerations & that I gave you a strong proof of this at the time of making the 2½ million loan in refusing to extend it notwithstanding the same observations were then made use of. I cannot help however thinking it a little singular that you should at that time have been so urgent for extending the loan so far as it could be carried: whilst the high commission of the undertakers left you only ½ p cent each & that you should now make so much difficulty about receiving the same rate on the whole.
I am sorry that you did not mention to me at what rate you made the remittance mentioned in your last letter of 642,896 £9. 9. I will thank you to inform me of that circumstance & the rate of future remittances as well as the rate of exchange, The day of the departure of your letters & your ideas as to the rise or fall. These circumstances will be essential to me in treating with the commissioners of the treasury & settling with them agreeably to what I may suppose most for the advantage of the U. S. whether the payments shall be made at Amsterdam & on what terms—or by remittances here.
You informed me in your last that you were already able to remit the 1½ p ct. loan of florins desired. I now desire you to continue the remittance as far as 1½ millions more (3 millions on the whole) in the manner you may suppose most for the advantage of the U. S. but not to exceed that sum until you hear further from me. In the mean time I shall hope you will keep me regularly informed of the progress of this business that I may know how to meet the commissioners of the treasury in the case of their desiring to change the rate of payment. I am gentlemen very sincerely yours
W Short


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Charles Lee, 24 September 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Lee, Charles

Treasury DepartmentSeptember 24. 1791
Sir

You were right in declining to pay the order which was made upon you by the District Court in relation to Charles Page. It was altogether irregular, and of course I cannot authorise its being complied with.
I am with consideration   Sir   Your obedient ser
A Hamilton Charles Lee EsqrCollector Alexandria


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to the President and Directors of the Bank of New York, 24 September 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: President and Directors of the Bank of New York

[Philadelphia, September 24, 1791. On October 1, 1791, William Seton wrote to Hamilton: “I am desired by the President and Directors to acknowledge the receipt of your Letters of the 21 & 24 Sepr.” Letter of September 24 not found.]


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Jeremiah Olney, 24 September 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Olney, Jeremiah

Treasury DepartmentSeptr. 24. 1791
Sir,

Your letter of the 15th. instant, respecting ten Kegs of Brandy imported in the Brigantine Betsey from Bordeaux in violation of the thirty third Section of the act of the 3rd of march last, has been received.
There appears to be reasonable ground for a presumption that the importation of the Brandy in kegs proceeded from ignorance of the law, and if no legal process is yet instituted with regard to the forfeiture, it is my wish that you will forbear to proceed further against it. The vessel and Brandy may of course be released. If a prosecution has been commenced the course of relief will be by petition through the district Judge.
I am with consideration   Sir   Your obedt Servant
Alex Hamilton Jeremh. Olney Esqr.Collr Providence


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Eliphalet Pearson, 24 September 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Pearson, Eliphalet

PhiladelphiaSepr. 24, 1791
Sir

I have the honor of your letter of the 10th. instant transmitting me a testimonial of my election as a fellow of the Society of The American Academy of Arts of Sciences. I entertain too high and respectful opinion of that Society not to esteem myself particularly flattered by so honorable a mark of their distinction; for which I request you to make my most cordial acknowlegements to them; permitting me at the same time to thank you for the obliging manner in which you communicate their act.
I have the honor to be   With great consideration Sir Your Obed ser
A Hamilton Eliphalet Pearson EsqrCorresp Secretary


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [24 September 1791]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

[Treasury Department, September 24, 1791]
Sir,

I have the honor to transmit you a letter of the 8th. of August from Governor St. Clair, together with sundry papers which accompanied it; the whole relating to the subject of the Settlements which have been made under purchases from Judge Symmes.

A: Hamilton
Treasy. Departmt.24th. Sep. 1791.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Washington, [24 September 1791]
From: Washington, George
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[Mount Vernon, September 24, 1791]
Sir,

I have received your letter of the 22d. inst: enclosing a copy of one from the French Minister; I have to inform you, that your proceedings with respect to the request of the Minister of France, meet my entire approbation.
I am Sir   Your hble Servt.

G: Washington
Mount Vernon24th. Septr. 1791.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Otho H. Williams, 24 September 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Williams, Otho H.

Treasury DepartmentSeptember 24 1791
Sir

An account has been transmitted by Mr. Porter, One of the Officers of the Cutter, for the time prior to the date of his Commission. It will be proper that you transmit to the Treasury some information, carefully taken, of the time when each of the Officers commenced effectual and continued service in the preparations for & fitting of the Cutter.
I am, Sir,   Your most Obed servant
Alexander Hamilton Otho H Williams EsqrCollector of the Customs, Baltimore


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Thomas Mifflin, [26 September 1791]
From: Mifflin, Thomas
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[Philadelphia, September 26, 1791]
Sir.

Upon receiving information, that a difference of sentiment had arisen between the Comptroller of the Treasury of the U.S. and the Comptroller General of Pennsylvania, as to the mode of paying for the tract of Land on Lake Erie, agreably to the terms of the Contract, I referred the subject to the Attorney General of this Commonwealth; and I have now the honor of transmitting to you a copy of his opinion.
As the accomplishment of this purchase has been long suspended, and appears to be anxiously desired by the Legislature, permit me to hope, Sir, that you will either concur with me in making the settlement conformably to the principles of Mr. Ingersoll’s opinion, or suggest some other mode by which the ground of dispute may be speedily removed.
I am, with great respect,   Sir, Your most obed Servt.

Phila. 26. Sept. 1791
To Alexr. Hamilton, Esqr.Secretary of the Treasury of the United States.


Title: Enclosure: Jared Ingersoll to Thomas Mifflin, [25 September 1791]
From: Ingersoll, Jared
To: Mifflin, Thomas

[Philadelphia, September 25, 1791]
Dear Sir

I have carefully examined and considered the documents transmitted me on the twenty second instant respecting a doubt that has arisen between the Comptroller of the Treasury of the United States and the Comptroller General of Pennsylvania as to the manner of paying for the Tract of Land on Lake Erie agreeably to the Contract between the Members of Congress from this State and the late Board of Treasury.

The Instructions to our Delegates in Congress their proposals to the Board of Treasury, and the Boards acceptance of the Terms—offered, I have not seen, I give my Sentiments upon the papers furnished, I presume the others are unimportant.
I am of Opinion that all the Securities of the United States bearing Interest at the time the Contract was executed, are payable agreeably to the Terms of the Contract.
I conceive that Indents of Interest funded at three prCent or to express myself in General terms the three per Cent stock is not payable agreeably to the Terms of the Contract.
It appears to me however that the arrears of Interest on the unfunded Certificates, as well previous as subsequent to January 1788 are admissible and ought to be computed in discharge of the said debt equally as the principal.
The distinction attempted by the Comptroller of the Treasury of the United States between the arrears of Interest before and after January 1788 does not appear to me to be well founded the seperation of Interest of Principal in the antecedent period was at the option of the holders and in the hands of many may be found united.
As I am exceedingly pressed for time preparing for the Circuit, I beg the the favor of you to presere a Copy of this Letter for me as I have not time to transcribe it myself.
I am Dear Sir   With much esteem   Your Most O[b]edient Humble Servant
Jared Ingersoll.PhiladelphiaSeptember 25th 1791


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Nathaniel Appleton, 27 September 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Appleton, Nathaniel

Treasury DepartmentSept. 27. 1791.
Sir

You observe in your letter of the first instant which did not strike me on the first perusal, or it would have been sooner noticed, that “you think it probable the sum remitted will be sufficient for the payment of the next quarter’s interest, though it must be matter of conjecture only till the close of the loan.”
The last clause leads me to conclude, that you have misapprehended a late instruction of the Comptroller, directing you to continue to receive subscriptions to the several loans to the end of the month. But this was not meant to alter the preceding instruction, to close your books as to transfers fourteen days previous to the termination of each quarter, and to make up your dividends of interest according to the then state of the stock on your books. Any deviation from this rule will necessarily interfere with the punctuality of payment, and with the order of the business, and will be particularly unfortunate.
With consideration, I am, Sir   Your obedient servant
Alexander Hamilton Nathaniel Appleton Esq.Commissioner of LoansMassachusetts.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Joseph Whipple, 27 September 1791
From: Whipple, Joseph
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Portsmouth New Hamp Sep. 27, 1791
Sir

Inclosed herewith I transmit you my Account of payment for the Support of the Lighthouse Establishment in this district from the commencing of that expence on the 15th. of August 1789 to the 30th. of June last. This Return has been detained with a view of accompanying it with a plan of the Lighthouse and the Land Adjacent lately Ceded by this State to the United States, but the Surveyor who took it, having mislaid the rough minutes has not yet furnished me with the draughts.
I also now inclose for the approbation of The President, a New Contract for the Support of the Lighthouse for Six Months commencing the 1st. day July 1791.
The usefulness & conveniency to trade and Navigation attending the hoisting the Flag at the Fort as answered by Merchants whose opinions I requested are
1st.   That when it appeard by such Signal a Vessel (the different Colours as Ensign, pendant &c designating the kind of Vessel whether Ship Snow or Brig) was approaching the harbour, an owner expecting such Vessel was enabld to Stop her coming up the River, if the Cargo was intended for any other port for a Market.
2nd.   That it was an inducement to suspend orders for Insurance whereby they might Sometimes Save the premium.
3rd.   That it gave Notice to the pilot whose Residence did not admit of his seeing the Vessel so soon as a person Stationd at the Fort.
4th.   That it Shows a respect to Strangers which has been in practice Since the first Settlement of the Country. To which I would add as it respects the public, that notice of a vessels appearance in the offing would excite the attention of the Officers of the Customs, especially the Inspector residing at New Castle, to whom I have given directions to observe the Conduct of Vessels approaching the harbour, whose entrance in it, would probably be in the Night, & to attend to their proceedings after such entrance. To this I was induced from having heard that Vessels had dallied off the harbour, with intention of entering in the Night unseen, & after coming to Anchor in the harbour, have attempted and probably sometimes effected their fraudulent purposes.
The Expence of hoisting the Flag as demanded by the person who now attends the light woud be 25 Cents pr. day which I conceive to be more than its Value & am of opinion that a much less sum aded to the expence of the Lighthouses after the present Contract is expired would obtain the Service.
I would take this Occasion to observe that the former practice under the State Government of hailing Vessels on their passing the Fort & the Authority for bringing them too when necessary, & subjecting those to punishment who did not give true answers, was found to be a useful regulation, and would be so under the General Government as it respects the Revenue, if Authorized by Law. The entrance of the harbour is so narrow that no Vessel can escape the command of the Fort, or pass out of hearing. Many Vessels from foreign ports enter the harbour, bound to different ports of Massachusetts, & a greater Number of Coasting Vessels passing between the districts of Maine & Massachusetts, meeting a head wind put in for Shelter at all times of day & night, many of the latter description, having the appearance of foreigners are visited by the Inspector while entering the harbour, or when laying at Anchor within, which is attended with a considerable expence that in many instances might be preventd if enquiry was made of the destination &c of Vessels at their passing the Fort.
Under any new regulation respecting the Fort I conceive it would be a Saving of expence & a Security to the Revenue if the persons employed at the Fort Should be connected with the Custom House. They might be selected from the Military Invalids now entitled to a pension, from whom boatmen might be appointd & a person to attend the Lighthouse.
I am, Sir, very respectfully   Your Most Obedt. hume. servt.
Joseph Whipple Honble. Alexander Hamilton Esq.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Otho H. Williams, 27 September 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Williams, Otho H.

Treasury DepartmentSeptr. 27. 1791
Sir

You will retain, in your hands, such monies as you shall receive after this letter reaches you ’till the whole sum shall amount to ten thousand Dollars; which is destined as an advance to Messrs. Elliot and Williams, and for the payment of which you will receive directions as soon as their bond with the proper sureties shall be received by me.
I remain with great consideration   Sir   Your Obed ser
Alexander Hamilton Otho H. Williams EsqrCollector of Baltimore


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Allibone, 28 September 1791
From: Allibone, William
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Philadelphia, September 28, 1791. Encloses estimates for “the Present quarter” and for “one year comencing the 15th of August.” Reports that the navigational aids in the Delaware River “are now in good order.”


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to ———, [30 September 1791]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To:

[Philadelphia, September 30, 1791]
Dear Sir:

If you can conveniently let me have twenty dollars for a few days, be so good as to send it by the bearer. I have just put myself out of cash by payment of Major l’Enfants’ bill.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Nathaniel Hazard, [30 September 1791]
From: Hazard, Nathaniel
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[New York, September 30, 1791]
Dear Sir

Mr. Wolcott going sooner than I expected, gives me little Time. The Council of Appointment met Yesterday, & appointed Willett Sheriff again. The Governor it is thought, gained Webster. Miles Hughes, tried for it. I negotiated for him, with I. Roosevelt; Tillotson we suppose was for Willett. Peter Schuyler was sick at Home. Miles’s Practice I apprehend is not large. Mel. Smith & N. Lawrence countenance Hughes’ Views; all three dislike Clinton. Burr keeps his State Attorney-ship, he wants to put it into Nat Lawrence’s Hands. Clinton wants to give it to Ned Livingston, this must not be; he will propagate wrong Policy thro’ out the State. Lawrence looks up to Burr with Veneration, has formed a favorable Opinion of you, but is shy. He is honest, but very wary & cold blooded for a young Man. He has suspected Harrison wished the State Attorney-ship. Harrison however respectable, is no Statesman. I believe it would be good Policy to give it to Lawrence. It would be deemed so far as you could countenance it, an indubitable Proof of your sincere Good Will to Burr & himself. Allow me for Brevity Sake to conclude with a Word which means like all lengthier Subscriptions of Address, Nothing or everything just as this Heart feels—to say cordially
Vale
N. H
P.S. Clinton is staggered, he is afraid to turn Burr out, & Burr wont resign untill a new Council, if he can avoid it. We want to make Dr. Minima Sheriff of Queens County.
Septr. 30th. 1791


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Seton, 30 September 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Seton, William

[Philadelphia, September 30, 1791. Letter listed in dealer’s catalogue. Letter not found.]


Title: Treasury Department Circular to the Supervisors of the Revenue, 30 September 1791
From: Treasury Department,Hamilton, Alexander
To: Supervisors of the Revenue

Treasury DepartmentSeptr. 30. 1791
Sir

Increasing embarrassments concerning the seizure of spirits for want of being accompanied with Certificates render it necessary that the ideas communicated in particular cases should be made general. I therefore make them the subject of this Circular letter.
A disagreable dilemma presents itself. This is either to forbear seizures for want of marks and certificates, which will materially impair an important check designed by the law, or to give something like just ground of complaint for seizing the property of Citizens for the want of a thing, which in many cases is not made necessary by the law.
It is required by the law that all the old Stock on a certain day in the hands of importers and distillers from foreign materials generally and in Cities Towns and Villages, from domestic materials should be marked and certified; but it omits to extend this requisition to old Stock in the hands of dealers who are not importers, and of distillers from Stills, rated according to the capacity of the Still, and indeed of all other descriptions of persons except the two which have been mentioned. It equally omits to provide for marking and certifying Spirits made after the commencement of the law, at Country distilleries of domestic materials, and altogether for the case of Spirits drawn off from one Cask and put into another, in the course of retail dealing.
Attempts have been made to supply these deficiences; by special regulations depending on the consent of parties; but these have not been capable of embracing all the differences of circumstances and on a full reflexion, it does not appear practicable to adopt any plan, which not being authorised by law can effectually provide for all the cases which require to be provided for, so as to render it proper to enforce vigorously by the provision which authorises the seizure of Spirits, not accompanied with marks and Certificates.
In a situation like this a great relaxation appears unavoidable; and it is deemed preferable to weaken the efficacy of the provision respecting certificates than to give just cause of complaint of the rigorous execution of the law in a particular in which it is improvident in its provisions.
It is therefore my wish that the want of Certificates may in general rather be considered as a ground for careful enquiry and examination than of itself a sufficient cause for seizures; and that the Officers of Inspection under you may have an instruction to this effect.
When the spirits, if of the imported class, are in Hhds. of upwards an hundred Gallons, or from any evident marks, in the original packages, in which they are imported; or when they can be traced to have been brought from any distillery of foreign materials, or of domestic materials in a city, town or Village, in every such case, the presumption of fraud from the want of certificates will be strong enough to justify a seizure. But it ought to be impressed upon all concerned, that great circumspection is to be used in every instance in making a seizure on the mere score of want of marks and Certificates.
With great consideration   I am Sir,   Your obedient servant
A Hamilton


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from ———, [September–October 1791]
From:
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[September–October, 1791]
Sir

I have had the honor to transmit to you a sketch, which you appeared to desire of the arrangements necessary for the execution of the plan chalked out in your prospectus. I confined myself to class the objects with which you propose to begin the business on each of these heads. I might have entered into more particular details, and given, if not an exact estimation, at least an Idea of the expense of their Establishment, their support, their consumption and produce. I have occupied myself with this business, at least as much as one Could, who has only a general Knowledge, but not the exact information which a Workman only can possess.
Now that I see, Sir, the business ready to begin, I will take the liberty of communicating to you my private opinion on the subject; and my reason for not expressing it in the paper I transmitted to you was, that it differed in some degree from the ideas contained in the prospectus. I had at first with you the idea That an Establishment comprehending a dozen different objects well chosen, conducted by an able direction, enlightened and honest managers and skillful Workmen might have the greatest success, and I think so still; but would not the union of so many qualities, on which the success entirely depends, be an absolute miracle? and would it be prudent to depend upon it? But if one of them is Wanting, you will find bad goods come out of the hands of unskillful workmen; dishonest managers make a fraudulent advantage at the expense of their employers, which in such a multitude of details will escape the eye of the directors; and directors who for want of particular knowledge of each of the different branches conduct well that with which they are best acquainted, and be continually exposed to be decived in all the others. The more I think on This affair, the more I am persuaded that there is a great risk in pursuing it in the manner in which it is proposed, and its advantageous execution must depend on fortune, more than on reason. I have seen in Europe individual manufacturers employ two or three hundred hands, but in the same branch, and the undertakers had occasion only to be acquainted with that branch; besides they were employed for their own profit, and not as hirelings, and after all were often cheated in the details. In the establishment proposed we must in the first place [have] as many faithful and enlightened directors as there are different branches; then a number of managers each capable of following the branch entrusted to him with the eye of a real and intelligent manufacturer, without which it will be necessary to depend absolutely on the head-Workmen, who, even if they should be all honest, can never be stimulated by that interest which animates those who work for themselves. The expense of such an establishment is immense in buildings, machines, looms, the purchase of raw-materials of so many kinds, the Wages of workmen, Salaries of managers, Directors &c. These articles alone, without counting the purchase of lands and unforeseen expenses, will demand an immense capital if they are calculated in a reasonable manner, and present in their details a multitude of means of loss to The Corporation. I repeat it, Sir, unless God should send us saints for Workmen and angels to conduct them, there is the greatest reason to fear for the success of the plan.
I am far from thinking, however, that there are not other means to accomplish the object in your view which, if I understand it right, is 1st. to encourage and protect the establishment of the manufactures necessary for This country. 2dly. To take advantage of The crisis in which affairs now are in several country of Europe, to Engage as many manufacturers in as many different Branches as possible to Emigrate to this country. It seems to me that these objects may be equally accomplished by the corporation undertaking three or four of the principal branches, and Which I Should Chuse connected together that The Details may be more easy to follow. 3dly. by becoming partners in the other branches with undertakers of known abilities and charac⟨ter⟩ on the terms that may be thought proper.
A General spinning house, and the employment of its prod⟨ucts⟩ are in my opinion Worthy of préférence. The extent to Which th⟨ey⟩ may be carried is sufficiently great while their connection makes The Business easy to be followed. These two articles require ot⟨hers⟩ as accessary, viz. the dying of cotton, Wool &c. before they are manufactured. I am perfectly convinced that it would be much ⟨more⟩ easy to manage well 600 hands in such a manufacture, Th⟨an⟩ 200 divided among different branches which have no depen⟨dence⟩ on each other.
As to the proposal I make of engaging the corporation as pa⟨rtners⟩ with private manufacturers, it is not a new idea. I have seen in France the gouvernement concerned in many private undertakings in Which they appointed a commissary to take care of their interests. This was one of the means of encouraging and protecting manufactures. Here it has another advantage, that of procuring able Workmen from Europe. The corporation might engage in Such undertakings in several ways; either by advancing the necessary capital to individuals; by building and renting to them the necessary works; or by taking upon them selves the expenses of the first establishment, always in proportion to the solidity and talents of The undertakers.
Such are the observations which I take the liberty to lay before you. I know that to you I have no occasion to develope them more particularly, and I hope that you will consider the freedom With Which I venture to discuss your opinion, as a new Tribut of Esteem paid to your private Character, and patriotic Virtues.
I am with respect,


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Playfair, [September–December 1791]
From: Playfair, William
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[Paris, September–December, 1791]
Sir,

I must once more request your Pardon for the liberty which I again take of writing to you about the affairs of the Sioto but they are in So extraordinary a State and the Interests of Such a Number of Individuals are at Stake that I hope you will excuse me.
I have written to Mr Dewer by this Same Packet and have Entered into the affair at great length but as it would be very improper to trowble you with these details and Reasonings I shall confine Myself to what is Realy Matter of Importance.
The Present Moment is become from the State of affairs in France exceedingly favourable for the Emigration Much More so than Ever. A Mr Gervais Who is a very honest intelligent Man who lived 9 Months on the Sioto lands is Returned & has brought Such letters & Gives Such a favourable account of the Establishment that the Public opinion has Changed and is actually favourable to that enterprise. All Persons agree that if this Winter is let Slip it will Run hard to Ruin the Affair. Several other Sales of Land in America are opening or opened & this derives its great advantage from having been the First French Colony. Should Another get footing then that advantage is at an End. At the Same time that things are in so favourable a Situation for Selling there Are infinit difficulties occasioned by former Transactions the Procuration which the Company of Mr Dewer Sent here having Sold the Whole of the Land 2ce neither of which Sales indeed have been consummated but likewise Neither has been undone Regularly. There is however a possibility of going on with a Sale for Some Months in Spite of all & the Plan I propose is—One tenth of the Price of the Land to be paid here four Tenths at Philadelphia by the Purchaser when he arives either to the Public Treasury or to a Person whom Mr Dewer May appoint and the Remaining five tenths or half to be paid in 2 years & till paid to Remain a Mortgage upon the Land Sold. Thus No Single acre will be delivered without touching ⁴⁄₁₀th in Cash & ½ in obligation on the land itself. Mr Dewer never Expected better than that & according to the arrangements his Procuration made he never could have had near so much therefore his Interest is Secured And it gives Confidence here to the Buyers.
As the Matter will in 10 days from this time be begun in that Manner which with Regard to the Persons who are interrested in America is Unexceptionable I have written to Mr Dewer to Send over New Powers limited & to the purpose of Selling on these terms. The Unlimited Powers which have hitherto been Sent Should be Annulled certainly & when the powers Go No farther than to Sell upon the Above Conditions Mr Dewers interests will be Secured let the Seller be well or ill inclined. With Regard to myself I have allways considdered My Interest as being included in the general one & therefore have not in any case bargained for Myself but as I have contracted obligations which it will be difficult for Me to pay if the affair does not go on And as the Courts of Justice have decided that I Personally Am bound to pay whatever is owing for that affair, If any Procuration Should come that will tend to Stop the operation I shall be obliged tho’ with Reluctance to have the Effect of Such Procuration Suspended & to go on with the Sale if that Shall Still continue to be possible after a Law Suit shall have been begun. I beg of you Sir to have the Goodness Not for My Sake because I have not the honour to be known to you but in general for the Sake of all those who are embarked in that Enterprise to Use Your Endeavours with Mr Dewer & others concerned to the Purpose of Powers being Sent over in that limited Sence so that the Sale may go on without interruption.
You will probably have a letter from Monsieur Duval D’Ésprimenel the Famous Member of the Ancient Parliament who intends going to America with his Family & A Number of other Families Next Spring. All the French Nobility Are in the Intention of Emigrating to One place or Another & Most of the Clergy add to that the Best Part of the Artists Are Ruined as trade And Manufactures are at a low Ebb. If things are well Managed America will gain More in Population and Imported Wealth in three years to come than She would otherwise in thirty for let things here take what turn they may one quarter of the Inhabitants must be discontented & a great portion of them will leave the Country.
Were I to permitt my self Another liberty after that which I take of writing the present letter it would be to Request your taking the trowble of throwing your Eyes over the letter which I have Sent to Mr Dewer by this Same Packet which letter explains many things that it would be impertinent to trowble you with in this letter.
The Sooner that Mr Dewer takes a Party in this affair the better it will be for all concerned and thus for the Sale in general & certainly he has Nothing to dread from Sending the Procuration in the Way I mention.
I have the honour to be Sir,   Your Most Obedient   and Most humble Servant
William Playfair To Hamilton Esqr a New yorke


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Oliver Wolcott, Junior, [September 1791]
From: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[Philadelphia, September, 1791]

Observations on the question, whether it is expedient for the Bank of the United States to operate by Departments?
It is first necessary to determine, whether any limitations in the constitution of the Bank of the United States, render it improper for the Corporation to operate by departments. A fair construction of the law must decide this point.
The only limitation in the act of incorporation which can affect this inquiry, is contained in the ninth section of the Law, and is expressed in these words. “The total amount of the debts which the said corporation shall at any time owe, whether by bond bill note or other contract, shall not exceed the sum of ten millions of dollars over and above the monies then actually deposited in the bank for safe keeping, unless the contracting of a greater debt shall have been previously authorised by a Law of the United States.”
It is presumed to be the effect of this provision, that the debts of the bank ought to be so limited that the debts due for deposits may at all times be for such amounts only as can be satisfied, out of the deposits, and the debts contracted on account of the capital Stock, such as the capital Stock will satisfy. There is no limitation with respect to the debts which may be due for deposits, which may rise to any amount that individuals, may intrust to the Bank. The profits of the Bank can in no sence be said to result immediately from debts due from the Bank. The profits will always result from operations which will occasion debts to be due to the Bank, and in this respect the bank of the United States is not limited by Law. From this view of the subject, it is evident, that nothing in the Law, forbids the bank of the United States to lend the whole of the Specie part of its capital and the whole of the deposits—though it is not contended that it will be consistent with the exercise of a good discretion to lend or discount to this extent.
The Bank being therefore at liberty to lend or discount to an indefinite amount taking care that the debts due by the bank, in no instance exceed its credits; it follows, that no restriction in the Law, forbids the establishment of departments.
The next enquiry is, can the right of establishing departments be excercised, so as to render it expedient?
To solve this question it is necessary to consider how banks operate & from what sources their profits result.
It is presumed that the capital Stock of a bank, is principally intended to serve as a pledge to its customers, that any losses which it may suffer, shall not impair its ability to satisfy the demands of those who may deposit money in its coffers. A bank may indeed trade on its capital Stock, but it is not for this purpose that banks are incorporated. If the capital Stock of a bank is considered seperately from the deposits, the former, instead of being rendered more profitable is rendered of less value, by being employed in a Bank of discount & Deposit by the tendency which such banks ever have to reduce the rate of interest and by the increased expences of management which attend such institutions. If such a bank receives deposits without being permitted to lend them the capital is charged with the risque of safekeeping which is an additional expence. Hence it follows that the capital of a bank need not and ought not in most cases to exceed what is necessary to insure against all contingencies—and hence the importance of wisdom, prudence and integrity in the administrators, which being the chief causes of credit, by diminishing the chances of loss, render the less capital necessary.
In every community there is a sum reserved in the hands of individuals which is to them an unproductive or dead Stock. The amount of this Stock is continually varying with every change in society, and can only be calculated by observation. As this stock can never be profitably employed by the proprietors, it will be deposited in a bank, if sufficient assurance is given, that it will be refunded on demand. The inducement for making these deposits will in the first instance be, to avoid the risque of safe keeping. After the effect of a bank for discounts and deposits is perceived, such deposits will be continued from motives of private advantage, for by the aids received, every man in business, will find, that he can trade on the whole amount of his capital, by paying interest to the bank, on that part thereof, which would otherwise be unproductive.
The administrators of such a bank, will soon find, a sum of money continually remaining in their Coffers, which though demandable at a moment, will never be called for, while the bank retains its credit, and which they may safely lend on Interest. From lending this money, the chief profits of the bank will arise.
From these data the inference results, that an institution which should be able to produce satisfactory security of its ability to indemnify its customers from all losses & also to make payments on demand and also deservedly possess the confidence of the community, in respect to wisdom, prudence, & integrity, might excercise the business of banking with the fullest success, without employing one dollar of money as a capital. It is presumed that a capital of ten millions of Dollars is sufficient to ensure against all losses in any prudent negociations which may be made, in the United States and the sagacity of the individuals who are interested in the capital Stock, may be safely trusted to call into their service the most able and upright administrators.
It is also presumed that the plan for establishing departments, which is herewith submitted, is attended with no risque, which would not attend the operations of a single bank, which should operate to the extent of the principal bank & the departments.
If the plan now proposed is observed, the debts can never exceed the resources of the bank; compleat information will be attainable by the Directors of the Bank of the United States, of all the business done by the Departments & the operations of the Bank may be extended wherever the deposits will amou[n]t to such a sum, that the interest of that part which may be loaned out, will defray the expences of a proper establishment. The profits resulting from an extensive operation upon this plan, appear to be sufficiently alluring to the corporation of the Bank of the United States and the advantages which will result to the community from banks well conducted, render it important, that the benefits should be extended to as wide a scene as possible.
Respectfully submitted by

Oliv. Wolcott.
Phila. Sept. 1791.


Title: Enclosure: Plan for Establishing Departments of the Bank of the United States, [September 1791]
From: Wolcott, Oliver, Jr.
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[Philadelphia, September, 1791]

Plan for establishing departments of the Bank of the United States, submitted to the Secretary of the Treasy. by Oliver Wolcott.

1st.
The Directors of the Bank of the United States shall appoint   directors for each Department.

2d.
The Directors for each department shall choose one of their number for President of the directors of each respective department.

3d.
The Directors of the Bank of the United States shall appoint the Cashiers of departments.

4th.
The Cashiers of departments shall appoint their respective Tellers & Clerks & the surities of said Tellers & Clerks shall be approved by the Directors of the Bank of the United States.

5th.
The Cashiers of departments shall be responsible for all deficiencies which shall finally appear either by the default of themselves, their Tellers, or Clerks.

6th.
The compensations to the Presidents Cashiers Tellers & Clerks of departments shall be established by the directors of the Bank of the United States.

7th.
The manner of keeping stating and rendering the accounts of departments, shall be prescribed by the Directors of the Bank of the United States, and the observance of the rules established, shall be enforced by the President of the Bank of the United States, to whom the accounts of departments shall be rendered.

8th.
The Capital Stock of the Bank of the United States consisting of 6 ⅌ Cent funded Stock, shall not be divided, but shall remain under the controul of the Directors; and the Departments shall trade and discount only on such part of the Specie Capital of the sd. Bank as the Directors shall apportion to them together with such part of the deposits which shall be lodged with them from time to time, as the directors of departments shall judge safe and expedient.

9th.
All Notes to be issued at the Departments, shall be numbered, signed and registered by the President of the Bank of the United States and shall be delivered to the Cashiers of Departments, who shall sign duplicate Receipts for the same, for which they shall be accountable—one of which receipts shall be lodged with the President for the Department and the other with the President of the Bank of the United States.

10th.
No Notes shall be issued at the Departments, except for money lodged with the Cashier of the Department or except for Notes which shall have become worn or unfit for circulation and which shall have been previously cancelled in the presence of the President and  directors of the department and said Notes so cancelled shall be forthwith transmitted to the President of the Bank of the United States.

11th.
All Notes to be issued at the Departments shall be countersigned by the Cashier for the department and shall contain each a promise to be payable at the Department from which they issued.

12th.
No contract to charge the Bank of the United States or any department thereof shall be made, unless in pursuance of some rule established by the Directors of the Bank of the United States; and all such contracts shall be signed by the President of the Bank of the United States and shall be countersigned by the Cashier of the Department where such contract is to be fulfilled.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to John Davidson, 1 October 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Davidson, John

Treasury Department, October 1, 1791. “By a circular instruction of March 30 1790 you have been directed to transmit all paid draughts of the Treasurer to this office. A deviation from this rule has taken place in your remitting draughts to the Treasurer. You will in future adhere to the Instruction.”


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Meletiah Jordan, 1 October 1791
From: Jordan, Meletiah
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Collectors Office. Frenchman’s Bay [District of Maine]October 1st. 1791
Sir

Your circular Letter of the 14th. of April I have but very recently received which will apologize for so late an answer. As you have been good enough to give me liberty to disclose my sentiments to you on the subject, You will I hope pardon the freedom of my answer to your Circular. I will answer as particularly respecting myself as possible. The salary of fifty dollars a year commences but the 1st. of October 1790 which is granted I presume by the eligibility of such a Salary appearing to the House of Representatives due to me & persons of my situation for services to the State. As one year has elapsed previous to the granting such salary and in which it must be supposed I must be put to an extraordinary expense in hiring an Office, Books &c with the additional expense of jaunting round the District which by the by is very detached and difficult destitute of Roads or any convenience for travelling but by water exclusive of my services for that year I should imagine that consequently my salary ought to be paid as well as the year subsequent thereto. Agreeable to your request I have herewith inclosed a minute of the money paid by me on account of the United States for the year 1790. From the tenor of your letter I dont understand that you wish to have an account of what money I paid away on Official account they being already forwarded with the different Vouchers. But I conceive you mean any extraordinary expense that has accrued in the course of the business but of which no charge could be made by me with propriety to the United States. I have therefore taken the liberty to inclose you also such minutes. If upon an investigation of the matter an addition of salary should take place or extra expenses take place I for my part shall be very happy & grateful and I hope upon an impartial judgement it will appear that the present Salary will be thought inadequate to the purpose intended. But should it be determined otherways I also am content to render every service my poor abilities will admit to the United States.
I beg leave to subscribe myself   Your humble Servant
Meletiah Jordan. Honble. Alexander HamiltonSecretary of the Treasury.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Meletiah Jordan, 1 October 1791
From: Jordan, Meletiah
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Frenchman’s Bay [District of Maine] October 1, 1791. “… I am sorry to observe that the last Quarter has been so unproductive of profit to the Revenue. The unusual demand of Lumber from the different parts of the State has drained the Country so much as to prevent Foreign Vessels loading. You will observe a manifest difference between the Account Current and Abstracts of Duties on tonnage which you will give me leave to elucidate. The Schooner Goodintent Benj. Pierce Master who entered the 12th. of July, some time after she drifted from her moorings in bad weather and bilged—the Master has since endeavoured to repair her but want of money to do it effectually has obliged him to go back to St. Johns to procure money for that purpose and to discharge his Duties at this Office. I have got the Register and the Vessel is in such a situation that she cannot float until she has a thorough repair and the Revenue secured. I have adopted this method in preference of entering a process at Law knowing the money to be secure, the Vessel in distress and conceiving that a lawsuit would by no means expedite the business. From Mr. Lamb of New York I have to acknowledge the Receipt of a Thermometer and a Hydrometer which came to hand but two days ago, and the Thermometer in such a situation as to render it useless the Glass Globe at the Bottom being broken and the Mercury gone.…”


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Charles Lee, 1 October 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Lee, Charles

Treasury DepartmentOctober 1 1791
Sir

An enquiry was made at this Office, during your absence from Alexandria relative to the case of Teas arriving in your district not accompanied with certificates. In consequence of which I request that you would inform the Surveyor, that in all cases wherein the marking of the packages or other circumstances prove the Teas to have been imported since the first of April last, the production of a certificate is to be required, and, if not produced, that the package or packages are to be seized. But in cases wherein there is no ground to believe that the Teas were imported since the 1st April 1791, after a very careful examination into circumstances, the Teas must be permitted to pass.
I am, Sir,   Your Most Obedt Servant
A Hamilton Charles Lee Esqr. Collr Alexandria


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edmund Randolph, 1 October 1791
From: Randolph, Edmund
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Philadelphia October 1. 1791.
Sir

I have done myself the honor of calling at your house and office, with a view to say a word to you, on the claim, which the holders of a certain description of certificates have set up. But being disappointed in meeting you, I beg leave to give you the result of my reflections on that subject.
What degree of obligation lies upon the United States to gratify them, is at this time immaterial, Because I am opposed to their pretensions, in a principle, not connected with such an inquiry.
The secretary of the Treasury is to execute the funding law. In that are contained his text and rule of conduct. From that therefore those creditors must derive the support of their pretensions. I shall not repeat, what I wrote to you on a former occasion; altho’ it would constitute a considerable part of what I should now write, were I minute. I shall also waive those reasons, which weigh with me in addition. For the creditors sent me your correspondence with them; and in your construction of that law, as expressed therein, I wholly acquiesce. I make this reference; because my observations, being intended solely for your own satisfaction, are as explicit by such a reference, as they would be by a particular repetition. I certainly can add nothing to the sentiments in those letters.
As the time of subscription was running out so rapidly, one of the creditors desired to know, what opinion I should forward to you. I did not hesitate to inform him, that it would square with the foregoing; as I thereby gained more time to settle my judgment upon the questions, by rendering an immediate answer unnecessary.
You forgot to return the rough original of my last letter.
I have the honor, sir, to be, with real esteem   yr. mo. ob. serv.
Edm: Randolph The Secretary of the Treasury.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Seton, 1 October 1791
From: Seton, William
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[New York] 1 Oct 1791
sir

Immediately upon the receipt of your Letter of the 30th. I informed the Commissioner of Loans that the Sum of 20,000 Dollars should be passed to the credit of his Account in Bank agreeably to your desire.
I have the honor to be &c.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Seton, 1 October 1791
From: Seton, William
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[New York] 1 Oct. 1791
Sir

I am desired by the President and Directors to acknowledge the receipt of your Letters of the 21 & 24 Sepr—the first requesting a payment to be made of Ten thousand Dollars to Mr. De la Forest Vice Consul of France, which was immediately complied with & enclosed. I have the honor to transmit his receipt for the same. Your directions respecting ballancing the weekly Returns of the Treasurers Account with this Bank shall be punctually attended to; we have closed the Account to the 30th Sepr. inclusive of which I now transmit a State which will precisely shew the Cash in hand belonging to the United States. I have the honor to be &c.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from George Beckwith, 2 October 1791
From: Beckwith, George
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Philadelphia, October 2nd. 1791.
Sir.

Having received from Lord Dorchester, a copy of his Lordship’s answer to a late address from deputies of the confederated western nations of indians, I am induced to transmit to you herewith an authenticated copy of that paper for the information of the Executive Government, in the hope that it may have a tendency to dispel the remaining prejudices of individuals, and to promote the peace of the frontiers.
I have the honor to be   Sir,   Your most obedient, and most humble servt
Geo: Beckwith Alexander Hamilton Esqr: &c &c &c


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Angelica Church, [2 October 1791]
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Church, Angelica

[Philadelphia, October 2, 1791]

Betsey according to your hint cries “Atlantic” and defies any thing that either of us can say or do. She consents to every thing, except that I should love you as well as herself and this you are too reasonable to expect.
But I do not know how far I shall avail myself of her generosity if you do not mend your manners. You hurt my republican nerves by your intimacy with “amiable” Princes. I cannot endure that you should be giving such folks dinners, while I at the distance of 3000 miles can only console myself by thinking of you.
But I pray you dont let your Vanity make you forget that such folks are but men and that it is very possible that they may not be half as worthy of the good will of a fine woman as a parliament man or a Secretary of the Treasury.
You are not however to conclude from what I have said that I am in a violent fit of dudgeon with you. If it will give you pleasure, assure yourself that you are as much in my good graces as ever and that you must be a very naughty girl indeed before you can lose the place you have in my affection. I earnestly join Betsey in the favourite wish that we may meet again—And heaven permitting, it shall be so.
Adieu very dear sister in law

A Hamilton
October 2d. 91


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Thomas Marshall, 2 October 1791
From: Marshall, Thomas
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Octr. 2d: 1791. Newark [New Jersey]
Sir

At the particular desire of Coll. Duer I Yesterday visited the great falls of the Pasaic, Accompanied by a Monsieur Allon of this Town. I was requested not to make enquiries on the Spot, for fear of my design being discover’d, which being known Col: Duer thought wou’d Affect the Price of Land. I am fearful that it will be found Impossible to take the Necessary steps, however cautious the persons may be, without their design being discover’d. Col: Duers recommendation of Monr: Allon for a Companion was attended with some particular Circumstances. This Gentlemen is totally unacquainted with English, and I Ignorant of French, and of course our Conversation for 32 Miles was very Interesting to the Society. On our arrival at the Falls I concluded Monsr. A. wou’d have conducted me to the place destin’d for the Canal, but after a Bewilder’d ramble in the Woods, I found he had mistaken the Side of the River. Being Inhibited from Enquiries I found myself in an awkward Situation. At length we gain’d the Falls, still I was dissatisfied as this appear’d not to be the place destin’d for the Cut. I Understood that Col. Duer had requested him to take me to the Exact Spot. I used every means in my power to make him sensible of this and I thought he was proceeding to the place, when after persuing the run of the Pasaic for about four hundred yards above the falls thro’ thick woods, at length we were stopt as we found them Impenetrable any further. I must confess Sir, I found myself much at a loss how to Account for the Events of the Day. If there was a design or wish for me to fix upon a spot without being apprized of the Choice of others, I shou’d have been permitted to have follow’d my own Inclinations and not to have been led by Monsr: Allon, but I really think Sir, ‘twas nothing more than the Forgetfulness of my Companion. I therefore took every means in my power to relieve the Anxiety his mind was evidently in, but was obliged to return with only a transient View of the Falls and Aspect of the Country. The Body of Water is beyond Compare, and that it may be drawn off in any Quantity appears extreemly probable from the Situation of the Adjacent Country. The Expence of the Canal I understand from Col. Duer, Mosr. Allon estimates at 2000£. The Navigation he asserts may be brought within a small distance of the Works at a very trifling Expence, but I have some reasons to differ in Opinion on the latter Subject as far as concerns Expence but cannot speak positively. Stone is in abundance, and some of it I think doubtless good, tho’ what I Saw had no very powerful recomendations. The Country about the Falls is cover’d with Wood, Consequently that Article cannot be very dear; Beef & Mutton at 3½ and 4d. pr Lb; by Land exactly 10 Miles from N York and 16 from Newark. This, Sir, is all I am enabled to say at present, but must confess that I am favourably imprest from the Transient view I had of things. The Expence attending the Canal and making the Pasaic Navigable for such a distance are Objects Sir that I respectfully recommend for your Consideration, and when the Pasaic is froze Land carriage for such a distance will fall heavy. If Sir, these Objections are nothing compared to its requisites, I am of Opinion it will be found to be the best Situation, that is Sir, it will have more Water, & the Land may be had cheaper here than at Second River. In point of Water Second River bears no Comparison with the Pasaic, but it has almost every thing else to recommend its preeminece over the latter. Thus Sir, I venture to differ in Opinion from others who have gone before me, and if I am wrong in my Statements it arises from Ignorance only, for I think myself as warmly attatch’d to the Prosperity and Interest of the Society as any individual directly or indirectly concern’d and have endeavour’d to guide my conduct by these Sentiments in the little concerns that have hitherto fallen to my lot. If Sir, I receive no other Commands I shall proceed from Trenton to Pitts-Town on Tuesday, and am Sir with the utmost respect
Yr. Most Obedient   Humble Servant
Thomas Marshall The Honble: Alexr Hamilton


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Henry Knox, 3 October 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Knox, Henry

Philadelphia, October 3rd. 1791.
Sir.

I transmit you, as relating to your department, a letter just received by me from Lieutenant Colonel Beckwith forwarding a copy of a paper purporting to be a speech of Lord Dorchester, in answer to an address of the deputies of certain indian tribes.
You will observe that the object of this communication is stated to be “the information of the executive government.” In conversation, a reliance on the candor of all comprehended in that description has been expressed, that no use will be made of it which might be disagreeable to Lord Dorchester; and it has been particularly intimated, that any promulgation of it in the papers, or the furnishing of any copy to any officer in the western country would be undesireable.
I consider myself as having received the paper with these qualifications, and generally under the idea of a discreet and delicate use of it.
I have the honor to be very respectfully,   Sir,   Your obedt: servant.
A Hamilton The Secretary for theDepartment of War.


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Jeremiah Olney, 3 October 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Olney, Jeremiah

Treasury Department, October 3, 1791. “As letters to and from the Treasurer now go free of postage, there is no longer a necessity for enclosing them to me. You will therefore in future transmit them directly to him.…”


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to William Short, 3 October 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Short, William

Treasury DepartmentOctober 3. 1791
Sir

I acknowlege the receipt of your letters of the 26th and 27 of July.
The fall which you announce in the price of the effects of the United States was certainly artificial. The cause ere this will have been better ascertained to you. ’Tis open to various conjectures.
I have thought it adviseable to drop a line to our Bankers in Holland (of which a copy is inclosed) merely to mark my attention to the circumstance.
It will deserve to be further considered whether it be expedient to press any more the reduction of charges. Perhaps the principal effort ought hereafter to be towards a reduction of the rate of interest. But you, who best know the ground, can best judge.
I shall be anxious to know the issue of your experiment at Antwerp.
I have the honor to remain with great consideration and regard   Sir   Your most Obedient servt
A Hamilton William Short Esquire &c


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Joseph Whipple, 3 October 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Whipple, Joseph

Treasury DepartmentOctober 3rd. 1791.
Sir,

Another Thermometer will be sent on to you, but I request that you will enjoin on the Inspectors great care in the handling of it.
The spare Hydrometer of which you are possessed may be delivered to the Supervisor of the Revenue for the District of New Hampshire for the use of the officers in his Department. It will be proper that, his receipt for the instrument be transmitted to the Treasury.
I am   Sir   Your obedt Servant
A Hamilton Joseph Whipple EsqrCollectorPortsmouth


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Otho H. Williams, 3 October 1791
From: Williams, Otho H.
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Baltimore 3d. October 1791.
Sir

There have lately been two importations of Horses from England into this port—two in each.
It was customary, under the laws of this state, which were silent on the subject, to consider live Stock as neither goods, wares nor merchandize; and they were consequently admitted duty free. The Laws of Congress are silent also, and the custom is continued. But I am not confident enough to rely upon custom only for my justification. The reasons which were urged in favor of this indulgence, to wit, that the importation of Live Stock improved the breed of our Cattle does not always apply. In one of the late instances a pair of Geldings for a Gentleman’s carriage were imported. I request your opinion whether Horses, or any other live animals, may be legally imported without payment of duties.
Your most Humble Servant.
Alexander Hamilton Esqr.Secretary of the Treasury


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Wilhem and Jan Willink, Nicholaas and Jacob Van Staphorst, and Nicholas Hubbard, 3 October 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Willink, Wilhem,Willink, Jan,Van Staphorst, Nicholaas,Van Staphorst, Jacob,Hubbard, Nicholas

Treasury DepartmentOctober 3d. 1791.
Gentlemen

I have learnt with some surprise, through Mr. Short, that the price of the effects of the United States had undergone a sudden depression in the market of Amsterdam.
This is so different from the tenor of the hopes I had built upon those expressed by you, and so contrary to all the calculations I can form on the natural course of the thing, that I cannot but be curious for a particular devellopment of its cause.
It will therefore be satisfactory to me to receive from you, as early as may be, a full explanation of the circumstances which shall appear to you to have occasioned so unexpected a turn of the thing.
With great consideration, I remain   Gentlemen   Your Obedt. servant
Messrs. Willinks, VanStaphorsts & HubbardAmsterdam.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Edward Carrington, 4 October 1791
From: Carrington, Edward
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Richmond. October 4th. 1791
Sir

The enclosed papers contain parts of the information which I expect to furnish upon the subject of Manufactures in Virginia, and are transmitted agreeably to your request. These papers have come from the two lower Surveys of the District; the information they contain as to the particular Neighbourhoods from which they are drawn, may be applied, with propriety to the whole of those Surveys: indeed, so equally do the people of Virginia go into Manufactures within themselves, that the application might be made to the whole Country, with only a few allowances, from a consideration of their respective staples which I will in some degree enable you to make, upon the following principles. In regard to staples, Virginia is contemplated under three divisions, the Lower, the Middle, & the Upper: the first is comprehended between the Sea and the falls of our great rivers; the Second, between these falls and the blue ridge of Mountains; the latter takes all the Country beyond the Mountains.
The staples of the first are Indian corn principally, small crops of indifferent Tobacco, small crops of wheat, &, in some parts, lumber.
The Middle Country produces our great exports of Tobacco & wheat.
The Upper Country produces Hemp, Flax & wheat principally, and small and indifferent crops of Tobacco.
I have observed that the people of the whole Country, are in habits of Domestic Manufactures pretty equally, except that some allowances must be made on Account of field labour upon their respective staples. These are as follow; the staples of the lower country require moderate labour, and that at particular seasons of the year. The consequence is, that they have much leisure and can apply their hands to Manufacturing so far as to supply, not only the cloathing of the Whites, but of the Blacks also.
The great staple, Tobacco, in the Middle Country requires much labor when growing, and, what with fitting it for market, and preparing land for succeeding Crops, leaves but little time for the same hands to Manufacture. The consequence is, that the latter business is carried on only by the white females in poor families, and, in wealthly families, under the Eye of the Mistress, by female slaves drawn out of the Estates for that purpose, aided by the superfluous time of a superabundance of house-servants; the consequence is, that less is manufactured here than in the lower Country, yet the difference is, I beleive, no greater than as to the cloathing of the field slaves, for which purpose Kendal Cotton, oznabrigs, & hempen rolls ar[e] purchased, but the owner of every plantation tans the hides of the Cattle which are killed or casually die, and, by that means, supplies the slaves in shoes for winter.
The staples of the upper Country require somewhat more field labour than those of the lower, and much less than those of the Middle, & having however but few slaves, and being distant from foreign intercourse, the people depend principally upon home Manufactures, and, at least, equal the lower Country in them.
As to raw materials, no Country under the sun, is capable of producing more than Virginia. The lower Country, produces fine Cotton & Wool, and, both might be increased even to satisfy great foreign demands—in many parts good flax is also made. The Middle Country produces fine Cotton, but the more valuable staples of Wheat and Tobacco, confine the production to the demands of the private Manufactures of the Country itself. It is also well adapted to Hemp & Flax: of the first, some is produced for market; of the latter, every family makes for its own use: to the same extent Wool is also produced. The Upper Country supplies our Markets with great quantities of hemp, said to be equal to any in the World. Flax is also here produced in high perfection, and in great quantities, the people using it for purposes to which Cotton is applied below. For supplying the article of Wool this part of Virginia is so favorable that large droves of sheep go from it, to the lower Town Markets.

The mountainous parts of Virginia, abound in Iron Ore, from which most of the Iron, and some of the steel, used in the state, are supplied, and the productions of both might be so increased as to make great exports. We have also a valuable lead mine, in the Southwestern part of the Upper Country, from which new Manufactures are daily coming into practice, such as sheet lead for roofing, shot &c. There is a shot factory in Richmond, well established by the present worker of this Mine, and the same hand has furnished the lead for covering the roof of our Capitol, or State House. This mine was, during the War, worked under the public direction of this state, and supplied all the lead used in the Southern service; supplies of it, also went to the Main Army, but whether for the whole service, I will not undertake to say.
As to regular Trades we have but few. They are, however, increasing daily. In the upper Country, there are several fulling Mills, from which good Cloth is seen. I will endeavour to obtain samples.
I have now endeavoured to give you, in addition to the enclosed papers, such information as will furnish a general idea of the Manufactures throughout this Commonwealth, and having been tolerably attentive to these circumstances, for several years, as I have passed through the various parts of the Country, am persuaded you may rely upon it, as well founded. I have been led to do it, from a consideration, that the approach of the session, requires an early communication, and from the information expected from the upper Inspectors, having not yet arrived. When I receive their reports, they shall be forwarded immediately.
I beg you to be assured, that this business has been attended with no material trouble or inconvenience, and that it has given pleasure to both myself & the Inspectors that you requested our assistance in obtaining the desired information.
I have the Honor to be   with great respect   Sir   Your Most Obt. sr.
Ed CarringtonSupervisor D: Virga.

N.B.   D. Ragsdales return is made upon 20 Families in one neighbourhood, comprehending all classes in life from the richest to the poorest. Upon my Census returns of the district of Virga. (exclusive of Kentucky) 70,825 Families appear. This note is made upon a supposition that it may possibly be useful in calculations which the Secretary may wish to make.
Alexr. Hamilton Esq.


Title: Enclosure: Thomas Newton, Junior, to Edward Carrington, 28 September 1791
From: Newton, Thomas, Jr.
To: Carrington, Edward

Norfolk [Virginia] 28. Sept. 1791.
Dear Sir,

Having been much hurried by my private affairs since I left you at So. Hampton Court, prevented my information of the State of Manufacturies in this port of my Survey. The inhabitants of Princess Anne County makes most of their Negroes Cloathing & their coarse Cloaths, with Shoes & Stockings. The Counties of Norfolk & Nansemond the Same. In the Town of Norfolk there is a very extensive Tannery, which supplies most of the lower Counties with Leather, together with the little that is made by the Country people at their Own Houses & but few but have a Vat or Trough to tann the hides of the Cattle they kill themselves. There is also a Ropery carried on here to a Considerable extent, but the owner thinks the Duty laid on imported Cordage is not Sufficient to encourage him as most of the Ships are British & give a preference to English Cordage at 10 ⅌ Ct. higher than American made, altho the last is best being prejudiced in favor of their Own Manufactury. We have plenty of Shoe-makers, Taylors Blacksmiths, House & Ship Carpenters, Cabinet makers, Carriage makers & Wheel wrights, that with what they do & what comes in from the Northern States, we cou’d do very well without any thing from Europe that they can make. In Portsmouth there is a small Tannery, but is not carried on with Spirits, Shoemakers &c Sufficient to make for their Consumption. I endeavored to Comply with your request in making a return According to the form sent me, but found the people averse to giving in. I Judged it improper to say more & have given you to the best of my knowledge a true State of our Situation as to Manufacturies here.
am with respect   Yr. Obt. Servt.
Tho Newton Jr Colo. Carrington


Title: Enclosure: Drury Ragsdale to Edward Carrington, 29 September 1791
From: Ragsdale, Drury
To: Carrington, Edward

King William County [Virginia] Sept. 29. 1791

“Inclosed you will receive a return of Cloth &c. manufactured in my Neighbourhood.

It may not be amiss to inform you that it is my opinion that the manufactures in my Survey carried on in private families consist principally if not all together of Cotton and Wool, most of the fine cloth is of cotton alone, made into such Cloth as Table linnen sheeting, Jeans for Breeches and Waistcoats, in imitation of the Manchester manufactures, Bed ticking much superior to the cheap and common imported from Europe, Muslings in immitation of those from Scotland, striped cottons for Womens gowns; some patterns hansomer and more durable than the printed imported cottons. There being a scarsity of Wool it is generally mixed with Cotton, the warp being filled in with wool makes the cloathing of the Young and Domestic Negroes, and, though not yeilding equal warmth with the cheap Kendal Cotton, is generally, when wove double, more durable than those Cottons, as they are called. Fine Stockings are knit to every degree of perfection, principally of Cotton. Course Stockings are knit generally of Cotton & Wool & the Negroes prefer these to those imported.
As to the Article of leather there seems to be a scarsity owing to a distemper that has been very fatal for some years amoung the horned cattle, but what there is in the Country distant from Towns, are generally manufactured by the families themselves tho’ it may be supposed from the manner of carrying on this business in the Country, that it cannot be in any great state of improvement.
The manufacturing of Iron seems to exceed all the manufactures carried on amoung us; most of the Blacksmiths in the Country are capable of making every Article Necessary for Domestic use of the planter, as hoes, axes, Plows, shovels, spades, tongs, wrought hand irons, nails, (this article can be imported cheaper than we can make them owing to the want of slitting mills) in short, almost every article in iron (except the more refined cutlery) can be made as cheap and I think of Better quality than what is imported to us from Europe, but it may be necessary to remark that Iron comes dear to us in the Middle Counties, generally retail’d at 4d ⅌ lb. and considered as a cash article.”

Yards of Cloath.

Stockings Value

Heads of Famileys
White Male Tithes
W. Female Tithes
White Children
Male Slave Tithes
F. M. Slave Tithes
Children
Total no. in Familey
Fine such as Familey Cloathing. Beding Table Linnins &c.
Course such as Negroes Cloathing Blanketing &c.
Total No. of Yards.
Value of fine Cloath ⅌ yd.
Value of Course.
Fine ⅌rs
Course.
Fine
Course.
Total Amount of Value of Cloath &c.
General remarks.

Thomas Avera
1
3
–
3
3
3
13
196.
67.
263.
3/6
2/6
9.
6
5/
2/6.
£ 45.13.6
This return contains the Quantity of Cloath &c Manufacturd in the Famileys it contains from the 1st. day of Janry. 1790 to the 1st. day of January 1791. King William Virginia. Drury Ragsdale Sept. 29th. 1791

James Ruffin
1
1
5
7.
13
16.
43
296.
172.
468
3/6
2/6.
17.
20.
5/
2/6
80: 1.0

Sterling Ruffin
1
1
2.
7.
10
14
35.
187.
100.
287.
3/6
2/6
.8
17.
5/.
2/6
49. 7.0

David Pannell
1
4
3
6
7.
10
31.
284.
116.
400.
3/6
2/6
16.
13
5/.
2/6
69.16.6

John King
1
1
1
1
1
3
8
98.
29
127.
3/6
2/6
5.
2
5/.
2/6
22: 5.6

Hickerson Bagwell
2
1
–
–
1
–
4.
56.
13
69.
3/6
2/6
6.
1
5/.
2/6
13. 1.0

Nathaniel Fox Junr
1
1
4
5
3
6
20
120
80
200
3/6
2/6
7.
8
5/.
2/6
33.15.

Wm. Towler
1
1
2
–
–
1
5.
46.
22
.68
3/6
2/6
6.
–
5.
2/6.
12.6

Bernard Lipscomb
1
1
3
4
2
7.
18.
70.
60.
130
3/6
2/6
6
–
5/.
2/6.
21.5

Mathew Towler
1
1
8
–
–
–
10.
26.
30.
56
3/6
2/6
8
–
5/.
2/6
10.6

James Howard
1
1
2
1.
2
2.
9.
30
22.
52
3/6
2/6
.3.
–
5/.
2/6.
8.15

Samuel Howard
1
1
2
–
–
–
4
27.
12.
39
3/6
2/6
.4.
–
5/.
2/6
7. 4. 6

Wm Starke
1
–
2
3
2
3
11
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
– – –

John Hollins
1
1
3
–
–
–
5.
27.
6.
33
3/6
2/6.
4
–
5/.
–
6. 9. 6

Mrs. Hawse
–
2
1
1
2
3
9
22.
18.
40
3/6
2/6.
5.
3
5/.
2/6
7.14. 6

Charles Lipscomb
1
2
–
1
–
1
5
35.
15.
50
3/6
2/6
6.
1.
5/.
2/6
9.12. 6

Peter Richeson
1
2
5
3
2
3
16
112
35.
147.
3/6
2/6
16.
5.
5/.
2/6.
28.12.

Edward P. Chamberlayne
1
–
2
4
4
6
17
–
70
70
–
2/6
–
8
–
2/6.
9.15

Wm Newman
1
1
3
4
5
5
19
75.
70.
145.
3/6.
2/6
12.
9.
5.
2/6
26. 0

Drury Ragsdale
1
1
2
8
4
3
19.
200
70.
270
3/6
2/6
14
15.
5/.
2/6
49. 2. 6

Total amt. of the whole
20
26
50
58
61
86
301
1907
1007.
2914
–
–
152
108

£501: 2: 0


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Ellery, 4 October 1791
From: Ellery, William
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Collector’s Office [Newport, Rhode Island] October 4th 1791
Sir,

I have received your letter of the 16th of Septemr. on the 27th of the same month, and am much obliged for your answers to my several questions, and for the consent you have given respecting the sales of vessels of which may be condemned. If measures had not been taken the Sloop Betsy would not have sold so high as she did.
I told the Council for the Ushers, that their case having been fairly stated to you, and received your determination, I thought they had no reason to expect that an application to you for a mitigation of the penalties they had incurred would prove successful.
As the District attorney will without doubt write to you on that part of your reflexions which relates to the service of summonses, I will only observe here, that, if it had been conceived that summonses could be served by other than Officers I should have taken them out of the Clerk’s office and delivered them to persons who, not being suspected of being charged with such processes, might have probaly served them. He will also doubtless inform you what he suggested in his motion for a continuance. I was occasionally absent when the motion was made, but was present when the District Judge gave his opinion. He observed that there was no ⟨lack⟩ on the part of the Officers of the Customs, but as there was no evidence of collusion between the claimant and the Witnesses in his opinion the cause was continued. This as well as I can recollect was the substance of what he said.
On Saturday last I reseized the Brig Seven Brothers; and immediately delivered a summons to the Depy. Marshall to be served on a person who had heretofore eluded the service, and who, I presume will be a material evidence in the case. After much difficulty the summons has been served, and this day at 10 o clock his deposition is to be taken before the Judge of the District Court. The substance of it I will communicate to you by the next post. A writ is ready to be served on Cotrell, I only wait to hear from the Marshall, to whom I have written respecting a witness who I presume is at Providence.

This will be accompanied by a Certificate of Registry No. 41. granted at the Port of Dighton Novr. 6 1790 and delivered up on a transfer of property, a Certife. of Regy. No. 19th. granted at this port Apl. 6 1791 and delivered up on a transfer of property, and a copy of an endorsment of change of master on Regr. No. 38. granted at this Port Augt. 2nd 1791: a weekly return of monies received and paid.
I am, Sir, yr. obedt. servant
Wm Ellery Collr A Hamilton EsqrSecry Treasy


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Benjamin Lincoln, 4 October [1791]
From: Lincoln, Benjamin
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Boston 4 Octr [1791]
Sir

I received your circular Letter of the 21st. Ulto and your letter respecting a cancelled register by the last post.
Knowing sir how anxious you are to œconomise the public money and how just your expectations are that all officers of the revenue will aid you in a measure so important to the general interest I take the liberty to suggest, as the weather will soon be so inclement as to prevent our boat going out of the harbour, that we may without injury to the revenue dismiss three out of four of our boat men. One is quite sufficient to take care of the boat & at all times, when we want to put an officer on board a vessel in the harbour a man can be obtained for a small consideration compared with the constant pay of a man. These boat men cannot be wanted again untill the next April.
Inclosed is a receipt from the bank of Massachusetts for twenty five thousand dollars. This I had on hand On the first instant after retaining a like sum for Mr. Appleton and a sum necessary for other demands.

By the next post I shall be able to state to you what the rations for the men on board the cutter have cost us. The rations as state will not keep one New Englander on board. I, at first, attempted to confine the men to the fixed ration. The consequence was that they instantly deserted.
I have seen Mr. Searl the builder of the present Cutter & he has informed me that he will build a smaller vessel and at the rate ⅌ ton as he engage to build the present one.


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Jeremiah Olney, 4 October 1791
From: Olney, Jeremiah
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Providence, October 4, 1791. “I have recd. your Letter of the 24th of September. A Libel had been previously filed agt. the Brigt. Betsey and the Ten Kegs of Brandy; and the Owners are pursuing the Steps of the Law for relief, which I hope will be attended with no great Expence.…”


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Sharp Delany, 5 October 1791
From: Delany, Sharp
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[Philadelphia, October 5, 1791. On October 10, 1791, Hamilton wrote to Delany: “Your letter of the 5th instant has been received.” Letter not found.]


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Bingham, 6 October 1791
From: Bingham, William
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Philadia Oct 6th 1791
Dear sir

I received your Letter of yesterday with your Remarks on what I wrote to you.
If any Person has offered the sum that you mention to be the price of the Lot, & will make the Same Payment, I certainly will not hesitate a Moment in giving it to you.
At any Rate, we will Settle the Matter whenever you come to Town.
I am   Dear sir   Yours Sincerely
Wm Bingham A. ⟨Ham⟩ilton Esqr


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Elliot and Williams, 6 October 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Elliot and Williams

[Philadelphia, October 6, 1791. “The Collector of Baltimore is authorized to advance to you immediately Ten Thousand Dollars, and is informed that it is my intention to make you a like advance, on the first of January next.” Letter not found.]


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Otho H. Williams, 6 October 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Williams, Otho H.

T D October 6th 1791
Sir,

In pursuance of the intimation in a former letter I am to request that you will pay to Messrs Elliot & Williams as an advance upon the Contract lately entered into with them, out of the amount of the duties accruing in your district, ten thousand Dollars.
It is my intention to make them a further advance, on the first day of January next of an equal sum.
With great consideration   I am Sir   Your obedt Servt
A H Otho H Williams EsqrCollector &ca.


Title: Conversation with Jean Baptiste de Ternant, [7 October 1791]
From: Ternant, Jean Baptiste de,Hamilton, Alexander
To:

[Philadelphia, October 7, 1791] “… M. Hamilton m’ayant parlé fort longuement de l’importance que les Etats unis attachoient à l’extension de leur commerce avec nos colonies, je lui ai observé que la France avoit déjà beaucoup accordé à cet égard, qu’elle étoit la premiere puissance qui au prejudice de ses négocians, et par un pur motif de bienveillance de la part du Roi, eut ouvert ses ports des Antilles aux Americains, que de nouveaux avantages, ne pouvoient être raisonnablement sollicités de la part de ces derniers que dans le cas où ils auroient à offrir une compensation convenable, et qu’enfin si le Gouvernement fédéral avoit quelque chose de cette nature à me communiquer, je m’empresserois surement de mettre ses propositions sous vos yeux. Comment, des propositions! a-t-il dit moitié d’un ton serieux et moitié en riant, que veut donc dire le décrèt du 2 de Juin? ‘Ce decrèt,’ ai-je repliqué, ‘est l’expression des sentimens d’interêt et d’attachement dont la nation française est animée envers les Etats unis, et une assurance des dispositions de l’Assemblée Nationale à accueillir tous les arrangemens de commerce que le Gouvernement pourra juger à propos de conclure avec vous, pour l’avantage reciproque des deux peuples.’ Vous savez que cette reciprocité d’avantages est la base du traité de 1778, et que le Roi ne s’en est écarté que pour vous accorder par l’édit de May 1784, de nouveaux avantages sans compensation, tandis que le Gouvernement fédéral a agi dans un sens absolument contraire, soit en établissant entre les batimens americains et françois une difference d’impots à l’importation qui n’existe point en France, soit en faisant payé à nos batimens un droit de cabotage qui n’est point exigé des americains dans nos ports. M. Hamilton a fort bien senti que je voulois lui rappeller les reclamations infructueuses faites par M. Otto conformément à vos ordres, et il s’est efforcé de me prouver que des circonstances imperieuses et dont pouvoit dépendre le succès de la nouvelle constitution fédérale, avoit empeché le Congrès de faire dans ses loix fiscales les exceptions qu’il avoit eû d’abord intention d’etablir en faveur du commerce de France. Les raisons qu’il m’a données étant les mêmes que celles dont M. Otto a déjà eu l’honneur de vous rendre compte, je crois pouvoir me dispenser de les rapporter ici. J’observerai seulement que dans nos discussions sur le sens de l’article 5. du traité il m’a fait esperer qu’en prouvant l’exemption du droit de grand cabotage pour les Americains en France, je parviendrois probablement à en faire exempter aussi les François dans les ports des Etats unis, et même à obtenir le remboursement des sommes reclamés par le commerce de France sur cet objet.… Je reviens à mon entretien avec M. Hamilton à la suite de ses dernieres observations, il m’a dit qu’il seroit possible de lever toutes les difficultés par un nouveau traité qu’il en desiroit vivement la conclusion, et que si elle avoit lieu, il n’hésiteroit pas à proposer lui même toutes les exceptions fiscales en faveur de la France qu’exigeroit la teneur de ce nouveau traité, ou que le seul principe de la reciprocité poirroit justifier. Après lui avoir temoigné là-dessus le zèle ardent avec lequel je m’occuperois dans toutes les circonstances d’améliorer et de consolider les liaisons de politique et de commerce qui subsistent entre la France et les Etats unis, j’ai cru devoir encore lui faire sentir qu’il importait avant tout que le gouvernement federal se montrat religieux observateur des premiers traités, et que de là dépendroit probablement la conclusion du nouveau qu’il paroissoit désirer. M. Hamilton a beaucoup cherché à decouvrir ce que mes instructions pouvoient me prescrire à cet égard, mais il n’a pas été satisfait. Il m’a parlé ensuite de la nomination de M. Hammond à la place de Ministre d’Angleterre auprès des Etats unis, et il m’a assuré qu’il seroit rendu à Philadelphie dans les premiers jours de novembre. L’indifference que j’ai montrée sur l’arrivée prochaine, ainsi que sur les négociations de ce ministre, a paru surpendre M. Hamilton, ce qui l’a probablement engagé à entrer avec moi dans quelques détails sur les vuës de l’Angleterre. Il m’a paru persuadé que le gouvernement fédéral ne consentiroit à un traité de commerce avec cette puissance, qu’autant que les batimens americains seroient admis dans tous ses ports des Antilles indistinctement: Ce sera là assure-t-il, une condition sine quâ non. Quant à un traité d’alliance le Secrétaire de la Trésorerie pense que l’Angleterre voudra le conclure en même tems que celui de commerce, et en faire une négociation indivisible, mais que cette proposition sera rejetée ici, et que l’on y demandera même comme une autre condition sine quâ non, de négocier et de conclure izolément le seul traité de commerce. M. Hamilton m’a fait au reste les plus grandes protestations d’attachement à la France, et il a beaucoup cherché à me convaincre, de la persuasion où il étoit que le veritable interèt des Etats unis excluoit toute autre alliance politique que celle qu’ils avoient avec nous. J’ai cru m’apercevoir aureste qu’il n’étoit pas entierement venu de lui même, et que le President avoit bien pu le charger d’avoir avec moi quelques entretiens. Nous nous sommes quittés grands amis, et avec promesse mutuelle de nous voir souvent et de mettre toujours loyauté et franchise dans nos entretiens.…”


Title: From Alexander Hamilton to Benjamin Lincoln, 7 October 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Lincoln, Benjamin

Treasury DepartmentOctr. 7. 1791
Sir,

The account rendered by Capt. Williams will be transmitted for Examination to the accounting officers of the Treasury, of which I request you to inform him.
The account you give of the Conduct of the Jury in the Cases of Capt. Davis and his mate is such as to create great uneasiness. I approve your intention of having a jury for the next experiment from Suffolk. It is certainly proper that on occasions when there is an appearance of favor or partiality in the Jury of one County the cases be tried by a Jury of some other County.
Benjn. Lincoln EsqrCollector Boston


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from Benjamin Lincoln, 7[–8] October 1791
From: Lincoln, Benjamin
To: Hamilton, Alexander

Boston Octr 7 [–8] 1791
Sir

I was very unhappy the last evening on the receipt of your letter by the post to find that the papers I forwarded in April last respecting my purchase of the public securtes had not answered your wishes. Before I forwarded them I examined the law & your instructions and intended fully to comply with both. I therefore was induced in the statement of my account of my transactions in the business to mention in each charge the time of purchase, the person of whom purchased, the different species of the public debt, the amount of each security, the sum I paid for each kind, and the full sum paid to each person of whom I purchased, with this statement I forwarded my vouchers.
At the time of transacting the business I supposed I had nothing more to do in order to bring it to a close than to forward to you the different kind of public securites received. This caused some delay, but on finding they were to be changed I immediately attempted it and sent as soon as they could be obtained transfers to the Commissioners of the sinking fund of the public stock amounting to fifty thousand & twenty odd dollars estimating the 6 ⅌ Cents at 18/9 & the 3 ⅌ Cents & the deffered debt at 9/9 the price I gave saving about nine dollars in the whole
The ballance is in my favour saving a little interest the amount of which with a transfer in the name of the Commissioners I now inclose with a new statemen of the whole business which I hope will meet your approbation.
In my letter to you, covering my accounts, in April last, I mentioned this matter of interest and requested your direction whether it should be forwarded in Cash or whether I should, with it, purchase public securities as with the sum I received from the treasury.
I have been this particular in this representation to remove if possible from your mind any impressions which may have been made that the delay in compleating this business has arisen from an unjustifiable inattention on my part.
Saturday Octr 8     I am just returned from Mr. Appletons Loan office, I find there that the interest due on the public securities which have been transferred in his office to the Commissioners of the Sinking fund purchased by me stands part credited to me & part to the said Commissioners. A doubt arises in Mr. Appletons mind how the interest which stands Credited to them shall be discharged. He wishes your direction on the subject. As the whole interest stand precisely on the same bottom, the whole being public property, and as you may wish the same line of Conduct should be pursued, respecting that Cr. to me & that Credited to the Commissioners I think it best to postpone any farther proceedings respecting it until I shall have your directions so that you will not find the transfer inclosed which I yesterday intended should be.
Secy of the Treasury


Title: To Alexander Hamilton from William Seton, 7 October 1791
From: Seton, William
To: Hamilton, Alexander

[New York] 7 Oct 1791
Sir

I had the honor to write you by last nights post enclosing a Duplicate of the Return of the investment in Stock of the last 50,000 Dolls.
This morning I called upon the Commissioner of Loans to know what was requisite to be done to comply with your orders respecting a transfer of the whole amount of the Debt purchased to the Books of the Treasury. He informs me that as the whole stands now in the Name of the Vice President, the Chief Justice, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of State and the Attorney General for the time being, it will be necessary that I should have a Power of Attorney from them to enable me to transfer it to the Books of the Treasury.
I have the honor to be &c.