Title: From George Washington to Colonels Alexander Spotswood, Alexander McClanachan, and Abraham Bowman and Lieutenant Colonel Christian Febiger, 30 April 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Spotswood, Alexander,McClanachan, Alexander,Bowman, Abraham,Febiger, Christian

Sir,
Headquarters Morris Town. 30th April 1777.

I want to form a Company for my Guard—In doing this I wish to be extremely cautious; because it is more than probable that in the Course of the Campaign, my Baggage, Papers, & other Matters of great public Import may be committed to the sole Care of these Men—This being premised, in order to impress you with proper Attention in the Choice, I have to request That you will immediately furnish me with Four Men of your Regimt: And, as it is my further wish that this Compy shd look well & be nearly of a size, I desire that none of the Men may exceed in stature 5 feet 10 inches, nor fall short of 5 feet 9 inches—sober, young, active & well made.
When I recommend Care in yr Choice, I wd be understood to mean Men of good Character in the Regimt that possess the pride of appearing clean & soldierlike—I am satisfied there can be no absolute security for the Fidelity of this Class of People, but yet I think it most likely to be found in those who have Family-Connections in the Country. You will therefore send me none but Natives, & Men of some property, if You have them—I must insist that in making this Choice You give no Intimation of my preferance of Natives, as I do not want to create any invidious Distinction between them & the Foreigners. I am &c.

G.W.


Title: To George Washington from John Warren, 30 April 1777
From: Warren, John
To: Washington, George

Respected Sir
Boston April 30th 1777

I am informed that your Excellency in a Letter to Dr Foster mentioned, your having been informed by a Letter from Gen. McDougal

that I had advised Dr Foster that the Innoculation of the Forces at Fish Kill was countermanded—and your Excellency desired Information whence the Report originated—I was exceedingly at a Loss to determine what Kind of Information General McDougal must have had, which induced him to write to your Excellency upon the Subject—when I was upon my Journey from Philadelphia to Boston, I had Occasion to take Peak’s Kill in my Way, where by Reason of a Cold which I had taken, I was detained for several Days. A Day or two before I left that Place Dr Samuel Adams there stationed told me he had just heard; either by Colonel Hughes or Colonel Cheever, (I cannot recollect which,) that, Innoculation was not immediately to take Place in Fish Kill, as he supposed, on Account of the Descent made by the Enemy upon Peak’s Kill—when I arrived at Danbury I there saw Dr Foster, informed him of all the Particulars above related that he might inquire into the Truth of them and direct his Conduct thereby—so far was I from intimating that I had received any such Intelligence from Head Quarters that I told Dr Foster I knew nothing of the Authenticity of the Report that I had never heard any Body else mention it and Innoculation was when I left Morris town practising generally amongst the Troops, from these Facts your Excellency will be pleased to judge how far I could be considered as the Author of such Report.
It was a very great Mistake indeed in Dr Foster to immagine that I had any such Account from your Excellency or that I asserted it by any means as coming from Authority—I was greatly surprized that what I had mentioned merely as a Pieces of transient Intelligence & intended solely for the Benefit of the Service, should be so totally misconstrued. I sh’d suppose that Dr Foster would have inquired of General McDougal whether he had given such Orders and if he had not, would have concluded as I should that the Report was groundless—I perfectly remember my relating every Circumstance of the Affair to Dr Foster that he might be enabled to judge for himself, and I had not the least Idea of any Orders being given by him in Consequence of my Information: which should tend by any means to impede or retard the Business of Innoculation—Whether in the Army or out of it my utmost Exertions will ever be directed to the Support of the common Cause. I am with the most ardent Wishes for your Excellency Health and the Success of your Arms your Excellency’s most obedient and most humble Servant

John Warren


Title: General Orders, 1 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, Morristown, May 1st 1777.
Philadelphia.Bristol.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General George Clinton, 1 May 1777
From: Clinton, George
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Fort-Montgomery [N.Y.] 1st May 1777.

Immediatly on the Receipt of your Excellency’s Letter of 23d Ultimo I ordered one third Part of the Militia of Orange County to guard the Passes of the Highlands on the West Side of Hudson’s River to co,operate with the Militia, under Genl Heard if the Enemy shoud make any Attempts in that Quarter; but I am unhappy to find by a Return I have just received from Lieutenant Colo. Cuyper (who commands the Detachment) that not more than 250 have yet arrived at the Post where they were to rendevouz—I have again repeated my Orders to the Colonels of the Militia Regts & I woud fain hope they will exert themselves in Turning out their respective Quotas which if effected will ammount to about 500 Men & this will be all the Strenghth we shall be able to collect for that Service. The Garrisons of this and the other Fortresses in this Neighbourhood being already rather Weak considering their Importance and their defenceless Situation on the Land Side where we are now buisilly employed in erecting proper Works—My Brother as well as myself agree with your Excellency that it woud be prudent for one of us to be with the Troops destined to guard the Passes on the West Side of the River as it may have some Influence on the Militia tending to bring them out with greater chearfulness, and he proposes setting out in a Day or two to join them, by which Time I shall be able to confine my Attention more closely to this Post—As Captains Santford and Watkins have about 40 or 50 Men enlisted I have ordered them to join the Militia under Colo. Cuyper where they will not only be Serviceable as a Reinforcement but most likely to fill their Companies—Captains Black & Tom I have ordered to this Post who I immagine have about an equal Number of Men chiefly enlisted from the Militia called to reinforce this Garrison & here they will have a favourable Opportunity of filling their Companies—This Step I hope will meet your Excellencys Approbation—If the Men which those Gentlemen have already enlisted were armed & cloathed they woud be usefull Soldiers & I believe it woud have great Influence on the Recruiting Service at least in filling of those Companies.
I inclose your Excellency the Report of the Court-Martial for the Tryal of Capt. Miller on the Charge alledged against him by Lieutenant

Belknap And also that of another Court Martial convened for the Tryal of sundry Persons for Treasonable Practises agreable to a Resolve of the Convention of this State—If the Convention approve of the Sentences I conclude I shall be right in ordering them to be carried into Execution—A Sudden & severe Example is extreamly much wanted to deter others from the like wicked Practices And as they are attrocious Offenders a better Opportunity cant be had—Indeed to the Daring Conduct of these Villians marching in a Body well Armed through the Country & firing on the Inhabitants I am well perswaded may be imputed in a great Measure the Unwillingness of the Militia to leave Home & shoud they Escape with Impunity or their Punishment long delayed much Evil woud arise.
Your Excellency I presume has already a more perfect Account of our Missfortunes at Danburry than I am able to give. The Bearer Capt. Lush Paymaster to Colo. DuBois’s Regimt whose Business is to procure some Cash which is much wanted for the Regiment will be able to inform your Excellency of any Particulars which I May have omitted respecting the above disafected Persons & their Connections with others as he acted as Judge Advocate. The Enemys Shipping still continue at Dobbs’s Ferry another small Topsail Vessel joined them Day before Yesterday soon after which they all come under Sail the Wind ahead, beat up the River about half a Mile & come too since which tho the Wind has been fair & high they have not moved—They appear to have but few Troops on Board who are buisilly employed in getting & taking on Board Fascines & Gabions. I am with the highest Esteem your Excellencys Most Obedt Humble Servt

Geo. Clinton

All the Accounts which we have been able to collect from different Parties of Torries lately apprehended in this State agree that the Enemy mean to pursue their Original Intention of joining their Southern & Northern Armies up this River & that they are to be aided by the Indians.


Title: From George Washington to Captain Caleb Gibbs, 1 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Gibbs, Caleb

Dear Gibbs,
Morris Town May [1] 1777.

A Letter from Mr Fitzgerald, written to you a few days ago, would inform you that we have no longer any expectation of the Person recommended by Doctr Cochran as a Steward; and, that it was necessary for you to exert yourself in obtaining one. If you could get a Man who

had been employed in that capacity, or as a Butler in a Gentlemans Family & who could be well recommended & by such as may be depended upon for his honesty—Sobriety—& care, he would answer the purpose much better than a mere greenhorn; who in the first place would be ignorant of his duty, & in the next (which would be a consequence of the other) be diffident, & suffer himself to be imposed upon by our Servents; who stand so much in need of being checked for their extravagance, and roguery, in making away with Liquors, & other Articles laid in for the use of the Family.
I dare say you are better acquainted with our Wants than I am, but I shall mention two, which seem to be pretty severely felt at present—namely, Loaf Sugar and Tea. If I was to add Wine, I believe I should not much err. and whilst you are in the humour of getting, I wish you would procure for me two pr of Brown thread Stockings for Boots.
What did you pay Mrs Thompson a Month, and where is she? Mrs Washington wishes I had mention’d my Intentions of parting with the old Woman, before her, as she is much in want of a Housekeeper—How do you think she would suit? as her conduct from the beginning has been more under your immediate Inspection, & notice, than any ⟨mutilated⟩ of the Family, you can ans⟨wer mutilated⟩ question with more precission and certainty than any of them & Mrs Washington would be glad of your opinion of the matter.
I had like to have forgot one thing wanted, and that is, cloth to make my Servant Will, as also the Hostler, Cloaths—get Russia Drill enough, if you can, to make each of them two Waistcoats, and two pair of Breeches—the Coats may be made of a light colourd cloth of any kind, lined with red Shalloon—a bit of red Cloth for capes, or Collars to them. Buttons & every kind of trimming must be sent, as nothing of the kind is to be had here, where it is necessary the Cloaths must ⟨be⟩ made on Acct of their Measu⟨mutilated⟩.
If your health admits of it, I could wish you to return as soon as you can execute the several matters and things requird of you, as I am now calling in Men to form a Guard of, and your presence I believe pretty much wanted in other respects. I am Dr Sir Yr Affecte

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Alexander McDougall, 1 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

Dr Sir
Morristown May 1st 1777.

I last night received your Letter of the 29th Ulto, with its several inclosures. I regret much, that the Enemy should have accomplished their Scheme with so little loss on their part; but I confess, I feared, that it would be the case, and that their retreat would be effected before a sufficient force could be assembled, to cut them off, or to give ’em any great annoyance. I wish you to obtain, the most exact accounts, you can, of our loss in Stores—and Men in killed & wounded, and to transmit them to me in your next, with that of the Enemy, in killed, wounded & Prisoners. I should have been happy, if they had taken the Route to the North River; in such case, I should have been sanguine in my expectations of their defeat. Your conduct in marching with the Troops from Pecks Kills, under the circumstances you mention, was perfectly right and what I wished, and your return after you found, you could not come up with the Enemy, was equally judicious in my opinion. I am Dr Sir Your Most Obedt Servant

Go: Washington

P.S. I beg you to take every possible means in your power, to find out the designs of the Enemy and What their plan of Operations is—do not hesitate at Expence, I know your own pains will not be wanting. I am extremely anxious upon this Subject. There is a Report, that Genl Carlton is on the Lakes or pushing down—Whether it is authentic, I cannot say. but if he means an Attack on Ticonderoga, I am persuaded, Genl Howe will not go to Philadelphia, but will endeavour to cooperate with him. This consideration leads me to request, that you cause the Commissary to make the most minute enquiries, what Provisions can be procured in the Country on both sides the North River

above the Highlands: It will be of infinite importance to obtain Supplies there, if the movements of Genl Howe should call our Army to that Quarter.


Title: General Orders, 2 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, Morristown May 2nd 1777.
Virginia.Norfolk.


Title: Council of War, 2 May 1777
From: Council of War
To:

[Basking Ridge, N.J., 2 May 1777]

At a Council of General Officers held at Baskenridge the 2d day of May 1777. Present His Excellency the Commander in Chief[,] Majors Generl Greene[,] Ld Stirling[,] Stephen[,] Lincoln[,] Brigadrs Maxwell[,] Knox.
His Excellency, the Commander in Chief, stated to the Council, the situation & strength of the Army under his Immediate command at the several posts in Jersey, laying before them Returns of the Whole, and propounded the following Questions.
Question Will a General Attack upon the Enemy in Brunswic and at the Neighbouring posts be adviseable?
Answd Unanimously, That the situation of our Force, either in point of Number or discipline, will not justifie the measure.
Questn—Will it be adviseable to make a partial Attack?
Answr. It will upon Bergen, if it can be attempted with a prospect of Success. As to the other Outposts, though an Attack upon them might Succeed, so far as to force the Enemy from them; et it would be with certain loss on our side, as they could always retreat from the Works to the main body of their Army, when it should be necessary, and could dispossess us again of the posts, whenever they should think proper.
Genl Stephen. Bonam Town or piscatawa may be attacked with a prospect of success without any great loss—The measure was held inexpedient by the rest of the Council for the reasons above.

Rob: H: Harrison. Secy


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier Generals George Clinton and Alexander McDougall, 2 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George,McDougall, Alexander

Gentn
Morristown May 2d 1777.

The necessity of having regular Magazines of Provision for subsisting the Army, wheresoever It may act, and the late destruction of the Stores at Danbury, have induced Congress to take the matter into consideration & to come into the Resolves which accompany this.
By these you will perceive, that One object of their deliberation was, to have immediate measures taken for the removal of the Stores of Provision, which from their present situation may be liable to the same accident, those at Danbury were. In a particular manner, they have directed the removal of such, as are at Derby, Salisbury, Canaan & Sharon in the State of Connecticut, leaving the same, however, subject to my approbation. The reasons, which induced them, to fix on Ulster County in the first Instance, as the place, to which they should be transported, appear to me strong & well founded. They are apprehensive, if the Enemy should penetrate the Country by Hudsons River and this Army should be under the necessity of marching up It, on the West side, that It would be greatly distressed for Necessary Supplies; that Country affording but little in the meat kind; whereas, should It pass the River, into that part of the State of N. York, lying to the Eastward, they can be had from Connecticut & Massachusetts. I must therefore request, that you will transmit the inclosed Letters after perusing & sealing them to the several persons, for whom they are intended, that the Stores without loss of time may be removed agreable

to circumstances and the intention of Congress. You will also observe, that, the laying up of Magazines of Flour in Ulster, has been a further Subject of their consideration and should be duly attended to.
As you are much better acquainted with the places, that will be proper, not only to deposit the Stores at which are to be removed, but also the Flour Magazines, than I am, I must request, that you will point them out to the Officers to be concerned in the business, who are to follow your directions. Indeed, I wish One of you to see the places, if the situation of affairs will justifye it, unless your intimate knowledge of the Country should make it unnecessary, and that they may not be left to the whim & capricious choice of the Officers who may be incompetent to the purpose. They cannot, under the Terms of the Resolve, be deposited nearer the River, than Twenty miles; For my own part, I would wish them to be placed, Thirty miles off or more, if circumstances will admit it. they would be more secure against the designs of the Enemy, should they ever attempt to destroy them. It will be absolutely necessary that some Work should be thrown up to cover them & a Guard of Militia posted for their protection. If these are not done, much injury may be derived from the Schemes & villainy of the disaffected. I am Gentn Yr Most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from the Continental Congress Secret Committee, 2 May 1777
From: Continental Congress Secret Committee
To: Washington, George

Sir
In Secret Committee Philada May 2d 1777

We are obliged to trouble your Excellency with the enclosed letter for Mr Boudinot containing a remittance of Six hundred pounds Sterlg for the use of the Continental Prisoners in New York as we do not know Mr Boudinots address & we have left the letter unsealed for your perusal, We preferred Mr Franks’s bills as they are drawn on the Contractors in England, & may probably be the more readily negotiated in New York. With the greatest respect & esteem We are Your Excellencys Obt hble serts

Robt Morris
Richard Henry Lee
Wm Whipple
Phil. Livingston


Title: From George Washington to Major General William Heath, 2 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town 2d May 1777

I was this morning favoured with yours of the 21st and 22d instants, containing the pleasing accounts of the late arrivals at Portsmouth and Boston. That of the French Ship of War with Artillery and other military Stores is a most valuable acquisition.
It was my intent to have all the Arms, that were not immediately wanted by the Eastern States, removed to Springfeild, as a place much safer than portsmouth, and from whence it would be more convenient to draw them for the supply of such of the Troops of the middle States as might want them. I calculated that there would be about 3000 to spare, and therefore ordered that quantity. I have wrote to Mr Langdon to send the remainder yet to Springfeild, except he has positive orders to the Contrary from Congress or the Board of War. And I would advise you immediately to remove all supernumerary continental Stores from the Town and Neighbourhood of Boston to Springfeild, for we find from two recent instances, that the Enemy are determined to destroy our Magazines where ever they are accessible, and that it is impossible for us to prevent them effectually, except apprized of their designs, if our Magazines lay near the Coast, or even within one days march of it.
I shall also write to Congress and press the immediate removal of the Artillery and other military Stores from Portsmouth.
I would have you forward the 25 Chests of Arms lately arrived from Martinico, to Springfeild.
I agree with you that it is absolutely necessary that it should be fully determined, under whose direction all military Stores are to be considered. Till this is done, much confusion and many ill consequences may ensue. I shall therefore write to Congress and hint to them the necessity of fixing this matter in some certain Channel.
I have, by direction of Congress, transmitted to the president and Council of your State and that of New Hampshire, a Resolve, founded

upon intelligence of preparations making by Genl Carleton to pass the Lake and attack Ticonderoga before our Force is assembled to oppose them. Congress call upon those States in the most earnest manner to forward their Men that are already raised, and to compleat their quotas with all expedition. I refer you to my letter to the Council with the Resolve at large, and I am certain you will do every thing in your power to assist them in carrying it into execution.
Eckhart, the person you mention as having been confined by Genl St Clair on suspicion, has been released, and I imagine is on his way home. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons, 2 May 1777
From: Parsons, Samuel Holden
To: Washington, George

Sir
New Haven [Conn.] 2nd of May 1777

I receivd your Excellency’s Letter of the 19th of April & shall take every Possible Method for raising & forwarding the Quota of Men orderd from this State.
The Loss of our Stores at Danbury is an Event very Alarming to the Country. I hope the Effect will not be fatal to the Army: by the Examination of Sundry disaffected Persons: we have Reason to beleive a Second Descent is soon to be made for destroying our little Magazines in Derby, & New Haven; I have advisd with Genl Arnold & we both thot it advisable Not to send forward any more of the Continental Troops untill our Magazines are removd to some more secure Place. I would submit to your Excellency’s Consideration whither any of our Stores should be left without a suitable Guard, to Stop the progress of the Enemy, till the Country can be alarmd & Come in to the Aid of the Guards: I am anxiously concerned for the Magazines of Provisions in this State: if however any or all the Troops Are wanted they shall be immediately forwarded; indeed their March will be very little impeded till your Excellency’s Pleasure can be known. I imagine by the late Order for drafting Men we shall be able to procure a very considerable Number for the 3 Years or the War.
The Sentence of Court Martial against Thompson was forwarded to your Excellency before I recd the late Resolve of Congress & I Suppose will fall under your Excellency’s Consideration. I am wth the greatest Esteem yr Excellency’s hble Servt

Saml H. Parsons

P.S. I have herewith sent the Cover of yr Excellency’s Letter which I supposd had been opend.


Title: From George Washington to Col. Edward Stevens, 2 May 1777 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Stevens, Edward

Letter not found: to Col. Edward Stevens, 2 May 1777. Stevens referred in his letter to GW of 15 May “to your Letter of the 2nd Inst.”


Title: General Orders, 3 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, Morristown May 3rd 1777.
Wilmington.Newcastle.

Major Painter is to superintend the Artificers, and Works, in and about Morristown, until further orders.


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Gray, 3 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Gray, Samuel

Sir
Morris Town 3rd May 1777.

Being unacquainted with the places proper for establishing magazines of Flour in Ulster and where that from the River should be removed, you will receive directions from Generals McDougall and Clinton upon the Subject, to whom I have written. I am Sir, &ca

G. Washington

N.B. This Letter has respect to one written by Mr Trumbull to Mr Gray, leaving the place where the Stores should be deposited with the General.


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 3 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
Morristown May 3d 1777

I was yesterday honored with your Letter of the 29th Ulto, inclosing Sundry Resolves.
Agreable to the directions of Congress, I have written to the States of New Hampshire and Massachusetts, and urged them to compleat and forward their Troops, destined for Ticonderoga, with all possible expedition.
The Brigadiers gone there for the present, are Fermoy—Poor—Patterson & Learned. Nixon & Glover were also intended for that post, under my first plan, which was, that All the Regiments to be raised in those States by the Resolve in September, should compose that Army, but having by the advice of my Officers, directed the Route of Eight Regiments from the Latter to Peeks Kills, to wait till the designs of General Howe were unfolded, these Two Officers were to follow them. I did not particularize the Brigadiers who were to go first, or the Regiments, but left the matter to Major Genl Heath, who was instructed in General terms to pursue such measures as seemed most likely to promote the service. The Cols. appointed to the New Hampshire Regiments, I never knew. Those ordered to Ticonderoga from Massachusetts by Genl Heath, and who, I presume, have marched, were Bailey—Wesson—Jackson—Marshall—Brewer—Bradford and Francis. What proportions of their Regiments, have marched, I cannot ascertain, but I am persuaded, they were detached as fast as they were raised and circumstances would admit. Francis’s, the 1st of April, was returned Five hundred strong, and by a Letter from Colo. Marshall about the 15th of last Month, he expected to march, in a day or two,

with the last division of his Regiment that was ready, which would make about 400 including those who had gone. The remainder, about 60, were to follow with proper Officers, as soon as they were fit, they having been innoculated.
I have written to Genls McDougal and Clintons, to have the Provisions removed from Derby &c., and directed, that they should point out proper places for its reception in Ulster: also, that small Works & Guards of Militia will be essential for its protection.
The measures adopted, for bringing Officers to account, & to a settlement, I wish to have the desired effect. Every aid in my power, to enforce the Regulations & to produce the end, shall be given, being firmly convinced, that many have committed the most flagrant & shamefull abuses.
The damage we sustained at Danbury, nor the Enemy’s loss, have not been transmitted with any accuracy; but from the latest accounts from thence, The former was not so great and the latter more considerable, than was apprehended at first.
I congratulate Congress, upon the fortunate arrival of the Amphitrite with Military and Ordnance Stores. It is an important event. That of the French Ship at Boston, & of the Sloop from Martinique, added to the capture of the Two Provision Ships, are to be regarded as interesting too. I would here take the liberty to mention, that I think All the Military & Ordnance Stores should be moved without a moments delay to Springfield or some interior part of the Country. Springfield should be the place, because the Elaboratory is there, and they will be more convenient to use, as Exigencies require. In their present situation, their security is questionable, and if an Attack should be made in the Eastern Quarter, their loss is much to be apprehended. Before I quit this Subject, I would beg leave to observe also, that the disposal and direction of Military Stores should be only with One body or with One person. At present, this power is exercised through so many Channels, that much confusion is introduced, and it cannot be avoided—Nor will it be possible, that matters in this line, should be conducted with any degree of Propriety, Unless Congress come into some Regulations respecting them. The inclosed Extract of a Letter from General Heath, will prove the expediency. Many other instances might be mentioned were it necessary.
The desertions from our Army of late have been very considerable. Genl How’s proclamation and the bounty allowed to those, who carry their Arms, have had an unhappy influence on too many of the Soldiery; in a particular manner, on those who are not Natives. Nor have the base frauds practised by several of Our Officers, contributed a little to this, in my Opinion. Many of the privates complain loudly, declaring

they have not received either pay or bounty—Others not a farthing of the latter, and they have become so mutinous & uneasy in many cases, that I have been obliged to draw Warrants for Money on Account, to distribute among the Men, not having it in my power to obtain Regular Abstracts notwithstanding the most pointed & repeated Orders. On the other hand, Some of the Officers aver, they have not been able to collect & adjust yet all their Recruiting accounts. I could wish some means could be devised, to cause more frequent desertions of their Troops: Congress may think of some expedients—A larger bounty might have some effect, and Money to the Foreigners in lieu of Land. The Bounty given by Genl Howe to those who carry in Arms is Sixteen Dollars, as we are told, though his proclamation only expresses they shall have the full value. to the Inhabitants who will take up Arms & join him, he promises Land. I have the Honor to be Sir, Yr Most Obed. Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 3 May 1777
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philada May 3d 1777.

The enclosed Resolves, relative to a Variety of Subjects, are all that I have in Charge from Congress to forward at this Time.
The additional Resolves respecting the Muster Masters were highly

requisite to compleat that Department, and will, I trust, be punctually carried into Execution.
You will perceive that Mr Ludwick is appointed to superintend the Baking Business in the Army, which I make no Doubt he will do to the entire Satisfaction of the Troops, and in such a Manner as to save considerable Sums to the Public.
The Conduct of Genl Arnold on the late Expedition of the Enemy against the Town of Danbury being highly approved of by Congress, they have promoted him to the Rank of Major General.
Your Favour of the 30th ulto was duly received. I have the Honour to be, with the greatest Respect & Esteem, Sir your mo⟨st⟩ obed. & very hble Servt

John Hancock Presidt


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Alexander McDougall, 3 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town May 3d 1777

Your detention of apart of Capt. Sewards Company of Artillery, for the reasons you assign, is intirely agreeable to me; and you will observe the same rule with respect to others which shall be coming on in the same circumstances.
I should be glad to hear such further particulars of the Danbury expedition, as may have come to your knowlege, that bear the marks of authenticity. I am Dear Sir Your most humble servt

Go: Washington

P.S. The Ships lying opposite to Amboy have lately left that station; for what purpose is unknown; but this is an additional circumstance that ought to keep awake our attention to the North River.


Title: From George Washington to Jeremiah Dummer Powell and Meshech Weare, 3 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Powell, Jeremiah Dummer,Weare, Meshech

Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town, May 3d 1777

In consequence of advices, received by Congress of the preparations making by General Carleton to pass the lake and attack Ticonderoga,

before our force is drawn together at that post, they have come to the following resolution, which I transmit to you by their direction.
“Resolved, That General Washington be directed to write to the Eastern States, from whence the troops to be employed at Ticonderoga, are expected, and to request them in the name of Congress to adopt and persue every means, particularly those recommended by Congress, in their resolutions of the 14th of this Month, for completing and forwarding the regiments, which he has already ordered for that service, it being the opinion of Congress, that a delay in this matter will be attended with the loss of that important pass.”
I have so frequently urged the necessity of straining every nerve for the purpose which this resolve is intended to effect, that I flatter myself no means have been left untried, which could be fallen upon to accomplish it; and I am persuaded, it is unnecessary to suggest to you any motives to excite your utmost vigor and expedition. You must be fully sensible of the vast importance of what is depending; and of the almost irreparable consequences, that would result, should any misfortune happen to the post now threatened, as the loss of it would open an avenue for an easy progress into the Eastern states, to prevent which, it might probably be some time before an adequate force could be opposed. The pressing emergency of the occasion calls loudly for every effort in your power, and your own feelings will be the strongest arguments for employing your greatest diligence and activity. I have the honor to be Sir Your most Obedient servant.

P.S. I must repeat my earnest desire, that you adopt and use every expedient to raise the two regiments recommended to you in my last. We shall want them, and all the force that can be collected. Not only the general cause of the states requires it, but your own particular state may be immediately interested: For by some late advices from England, there is reason to believe that a considerable force may be thrown in upon you this campaign. Every exertion you can possibly make is absolutely necessary, even should not this event take place, for in all appearance so vigorous an effort will be made by the enemy, the ensuing campaign, as will require all our endeavours to combat it.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Philip Schuyler, 3 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Schuyler, Philip

Dear Sir,
Head Quarters Morris Town May 3d 1777

I received your Favor of the 30th Ultimo; and am obliged to You for the Trouble You have taken, in transmitting the Resolves of Congress, and in explaining the Reason on which they are founded. These appear to me solid & judicious; & I shall take immediate Measures, so far as depends upon me, to have the Resolutions carried into Execution with Dispatch, with such Improvements as shall seem to me adviseable and consistent with the Intention of Congress.
I am sorry that Circumstances are such as to dispose You to a Resignation, but You are the best judge of the Line of Conduct, most reconcileable to your Duty both in a public & personal View; and Your own Feelings must determine You in a Matter of so delicate and Interesting a Nature. I am with Regard—Dear Sir, Your most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to William Shippen, Jr., 3 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Shippen, William Jr.

Dear Sir
Morris Town May 3d 1777.

As Mrs Washington never receiv’d the Jallop and Calomel you promised her—As the Small Pox, by my last advices from home, has got into my Family—and I suppose not less than three hundred Persons to take the disorder, I must beg you to furnish the bearer with so much of the above Articles for my use as you shall judge necessary; & it will exceedingly oblige Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt & Affecte Servt

Go: Washington

P.S. My best respects in wch Mrs Washington joins are presented to Mrs Shippen Miss Nancy &ca.

G. W——n


Title: General Orders, 4 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, Morristown, May 4th 1777.
Ticonderoga.Albany.


Title: To George Washington from Capt. Caleb Gibbs, 4 May 1777 [letter not found]
From: Gibbs, Caleb
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Capt. Caleb Gibbs, 4 May 1777. Gibbs docketed GW’s letter to him of 1 May in part: “Answerd. 4 May.”


Title: To George Washington from Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 4 May 1777
From: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.
To: Washington, George

Sir
Lebanon [Conn.] May 4 1777

The Attention of the Enemy appears of late to be much turned upon this State, We have for some time been repeatedly advised of it, & now realize it, a few days since They landed at Fairfield to the number of near three thousand it is said, under Genl Erskine & made a forced march to Danbury about twenty two miles & there burnt & destroyed 1700 barrels of Pork, 50 Do Beef, 700 bushels of wheat, near seventeen hundred Do Corn, Rye & wheat, sixteen hundred Tents, & many other valuable Articles belonging to the united States, We had no standing Troops in the State, & co[ul]d only collect the Militia in that quarter to oppose Them, who rallied as soon as possible under the Command of Majr Genll Wooster Brigr Genlls Arnold & Silliman who had several Skirmishes with, harrassed & galled the Enemy on their hasty return whereby They suffered considerable Loss, We have buryed about Thirty of their dead, They carryd off we know not how many. The Loss on our side is about twenty killed, & seventy wounded, among the latter is Genll Wooster supposed mortally, have not yet certain Advice of his Death. He behaved with great Spirit and Bravery, so did Genll Arnold &c.
By Prisoners, relenting Torys, & Friends who fell into & have escaped the hands of the Enemy, We are informed that their next Designs are upon New Haven, New London or Saybrook, to penetrate the Country & join somewhere up Connecticut River where They expect to be met by Genll Carlton. this State is no Doubt more in Consideration as the great Scource (among the N. England States) of Provisions for the Army & Country, & by their frequent Attacks on different Parts, They know They keep Us in alarm & so much divert Us from Husbandry as will soon reduce Us to that want which the Army & Country must sensibly feel. Congress have given Us Liberty to have two Battalions of our Continental Forces stationed in this State, but their being so far short, & constantly under the operation of the small Pox, & on Account of your Excellencys pressing demands for Them, We have never retained a man, nor had a single Continental Company stationed in the State for an hour, our Case in this respect is singular, & we have incurred very heavy Expences, by constant Guards & Forces all along our Sea Coasts, in constructing Fortifications at New London, Groton, Stonington, Saybrook, New Haven, & else where & Garisons kept in Them, & yet unfinished & greatly exposed, several Batalions of Militia at Providence, & every man of Them have been called out to Tours of Duty, for that our People are greatly exhausted, (which will in some measure account for but not excuse wholly our slowness in

filling our Quota of the Army, in which however considerable Progress is made by the measure, of which I lately advised your Excellency) & We hope They will soon be nearly compleated, all that are fit are gone forward. We are greatly distressed for Arms, as well for the Soldiery as the Militia, perhaps not one in five of the latter are furnished, the Arms that have been carried out are generally retained; many at the Northward. & no way to replace them. fatigued as We are, We are by no means discouraged. but we stand in great need of support from the Continental Army & to have the two Battalions allowed by Congress, ordered & stationed in the State, & beg your Excellency to give orders accordingly & for more if you can possibly spare Them. We hope the Southern States have furnished so near their Quota as to enable you to spare enough from N. England for their own present Defence especially for this State which seems most threatned. We are now ordering large Drafts from the Militia for the Sea Coasts, where there has been & is great danger of Defections, unless better supported, & in this Season of seed Time it is exceedingly difficult & dangerous to take off so many from the Field of Culture. The Towns bordering on New York, & New London the Key to the heart of our State & where & in its Vicinity are large Stores &c., stand in peculiar Need of Assistance, as well as other intermediate Places. the security of this State in its influence & connections will not be too lightly esteemed by your Excellency. I am with the highest Respect & Esteem with great Sincerity your most obedt & very humble Servant

Jonth; Trumbull


Title: To George Washington from James Warren, 4 May 1777
From: Warren, James
To: Washington, George

Sir
Boston May 4th 1777

I had the honour of your favour of the 15th of March last, and feel myself greatly Obliged by the kind reception you were pleased to give my last disturbance, The Countenance you then gave me, the polite manner in which you have Encouraged me to An Undertaking of the same kind, & the hopes I have of doing some service to the Common Cause have Emboldened me again to Interrupt your Excellency, and Attempt to give you A general State and Situation of things here, Conceiving it possible it may be of some small Advantage in the Conduct of the great & Important Affairs you are Engaged in, The General Assembly of this State Immediately upon the Requisition of Congress last Summer or Fall—Appointed A large Committee to Collect Cloathing for the Army, who Entered upon & pursued the Business with A Spirit & Industry which the publick necessities required, & Collected large quantities which were sent forward for the supply of the Army, & I flatter myself Afforded them great relief. The destitute Situation this state was reduced to by the large Supplies of Cloathing, Arms, & warlike Stores Afforded the Army from time to time, next Engaged the Attention of the Assembly, & Induced them for their own safety, as well as the General Good to Constitute A Board of War as (it was termed) with sufficient powers, and an Appropriation of £200,000 to purchase Cloathing Arms, Ammunition, Ordnance & other warlike Stores & provisions, for this purpose men of Abilities & Industry were selected, who have so far Surmounted the many difficulties they had to Encounter as to Collect A Considerable quantity the greater part by far of which has without any reluctance on our part been given up to the

publick Exigencies, & the Continent supplied by them to the Amount of about fifty or sixty Thousand pounds, at the prime Costs, & upon much better Terms than any Agents could have Effected it Thus while I am to deplore the want of those Articles here for the defence of this State at A time when we are marked out as the Objects of British Vengeance and are threatned with An Invasion, I have the pleasure to Consider this Institution as Eminently serveiceable to the good of the whole. The fortifying this harbour has been Considered by us not only as A matter Important to this State, but to the whole being Undoubtedly the best Calculated for A general Rendesvous of our Cruizers &c. of any & the most Capable of defence. we have therefore Entered upon that matter & tho’ we have done something very Considerable & at great Expence it is still far from being Compleated. I could wish if this Business was viewed in the same light by Others that I do, that it might Command the Attention of the publick, & that they would Contribute some Share to the Expences, which Joined to so many Others falls Extreemly heavy upon us. we have lately ordered Two Thousand men to reinforce the State of Rhode Island most of them are marched, & have now in Contemplation measures to Execute A late Resolve of Congress relative to that place. we have also in the Course of the last week voted the same Bounty to the three Regiments of Lee, Henley, & Jackson, we had before given the fifteen Battalions Assigned this State, & while one half the Militia in the County of Berkshire at the Instance of General Gates were marched to Albany, & we had directed fifteen hundred Men of the Militia from the County of Hampshire to March to Ticonderoga to reinforce that post, which by the repeated Advices from Coll Wayne we were under Apprehensions for, we have ventured on A draft on our Towns to Compleat our Quota of the Continental Army. how we shall succeed am unable to say with Confidence, but flatter myself it will be generally Complyed with & Effected. I Consider these as great Exertions. I hope they will meet your Excellencys Approbation, and be Considered as full Evidences of our Inclination & Zeal to Contribute every thing in our power to the publick good, The Selfishness of some, & the Enmity of many others has had such An Effect upon the Credit of our Currency & the Inlistments into the Army, as Induced our Assembly from the purest Intentions tho’ perhaps not the best policy to pass An Act against Monopoly & oppression. In the Execution of this Act many difficulties arose, which the same good Intentions, with perhaps worse policy lead them to support by A resolve prohibiting the Exportation of Certain Articles out of this State by Land as well as water, but on finding this last gave Umbrage to our Sister States, it is since repealed, & no restrictions remain but that the Goods shall be purchased at the prices regulated by Law.

Your Excellency will please to Pardon the Trouble I give you by this long detail and be Assured of reliance on any facts you may permit me to hand to you. As we have no foreign Intelligence or late Arrivals here, I shall after Expressing my Greif for the late Unfortunate Event at Danbury, only Add that I see no resourse for the defence of this harbour but the raising immediately several Regiments for that purpose which I fear will have A Bad Effect on the Compleating our Quota of the Army. I Am Sir with the Greatest Respect Your Excellencys Most Obedt & Most Humbe Servt

Jas Warren


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General George Clinton, 5 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town 5th May 1777.

I am favoured with yours of the 1st instant by Capt: Lush, with Copies of the proceedings of the Courts Martial upon the case of Capt: Martin and those of Several persons accused of treasonable practices. As the proceedings against the latter, can be only sent for my opinion, I having no right to interfere in the matter, I would recommend the execution only of the most notorious, and such, whose punishment would strike Terror into their accomplices and adherents who are not yet apprehended. By making Executions too common, they lose their intended force and rather bear the appearance of cruelty than justice.
As I dare say the disposition you have made of Capt: Santfords and the other Companies, are for the good of the Service, I approve of them. Inclosed you have General Knox’s order upon the Commissary of Stores at Springfield, for 200 Stand of Arms, which you will please to send for and deliver out to the Captains as they fill their Companies.
James Mease Esqr: of Philadelphia is appointed Clothier General. If you cannot by any means procure Clothing in your State, you had better write to Mr Mease and inform him of the Quantity that will be wanted, and what Uniform they are to be, if that matter is fixed.
I beg you will cause a strict watch to be kept upon the motions of the Shipping now up the North River, because by observing them, we may form some Judgment of what are their future intentions. I cannot conceive, if they intend higher up the River, why they should cut fascines, and Gabions where they now lay; may it not be fire wood which they bring off. I am &ca

G. Washington


Title: From George Washington to the Continental Congress Secret Committee, 5 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Continental Congress Secret Committee

Gentn
Morristown May 5th 1777.

I was this morning honored with your Letter of the 2d Instt, covering One for Mr Boudinot, which shall be delivered him. I wish the Bills transmitted to him, had been for a larger Sum, and I trust, in a few days they will be followed by Others or a Supply of Money. Mr Boudinots address, is, Commissary Genl of prisoners, in the Army of

the United States of America. I have the Honor to be with great respect Gentn Yr Most Obedt servt.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Alexander McDougall, 5 May 1777
From: McDougall, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Sir
Peeks Kill [N.Y.] 5th May 1777.

I am honored with your favors of the 1st 3d, and that to General Clinton and me, inclosing resolves of Congress. Colonel Huntington of the first instant, and the News Paper inclosed, will give the best intelligence I am po[sse]ssed of, relative to our respective losses at Danbury. As to the Stores it is extreamly difficult to obtain a state of their loss. I have not been able to get a return of those destroyed at this post, altho I have Sent for it. From a memora[n]dum I saw in Col. Hughes’s Hand, there were 1700 bbls of Pork at Danburry, besides beef, wheat, rye and oats, and 1690 Tents; the greatest part of the Former destroyed, and all the Latter, but one and a half Load. Before the receipt of your favor of the first inst. I directed, the D. Commissary to procure me without delay, a return of all the Provissions purchased on, and near the river, as well as what was Stored in the Neighbourhood ⟨mutilated⟩ave not yet obtained it, nor do I expect it before the Enemy moves up the river; if they come Soon. There is Such a derangment in this department, that before the destruction of the Stores at Danburry, I could not, get three day’s provission of meat in reserve for the Army. And Fort Mongomery has not a weeks provissions of meat before hand, for its present Garrison, Nothwithstand[ing] I ordered six month to be laid in for 1000 men, before the Enemy came here. Unions Sent to Danburry have laid there and perished, while the Troops here have been destitute of every kind of Vegatables, for the greatest part of the time, Since I took the Command. In Short, I am Morally certain, the Necessary Quantity of provissions for the army will not be got into Ulster County, in the Course of a month; if in that time. Flour there will be plenty, Secured. I was the day before yesterday at Fort Mongomery. I think the passage Secured by the chain, against Ships, as long as we keep the Fort, from the uncertainty of the winds, where it is drawn a Cross. But how long we shall hold the Fort, against a respectable force, is extreamly uncertain; I think it a very weak post, against a Vigorous attack by land. Experience is the best Guide in warr, as well as in every other Science of Human Conduct. General montgomery passed St John’s at Night, with his heavy cannon; altho the passage was Narrower than that at Fort Montgomery, besides the difficulty of rapids. And General Howe will pass this, at Night, with Tide of Flood, as Sure as he attempts it; unless the north part of the passage is Guarded by Gallies and small armed Vessels; and in my opinion with less loss, than thrô the Strong Grou⟨nd⟩ of the Mountains. with a View to this, as we⟨ll⟩ as other objects in the river, I have pressed the arming the Gallies; one is Cleaned, and the other is ordered to be

done; but I do not find that any Vigorous measures are taken to man them. I have Some days ago, Sent out a recruiting officer for the King, to obtain the hideing places of the Enemies Emisaries, as well as to gain intelligence. The former is Compleatly accomplished, and he is gone out to Night with 70 men of the army, disguised as recruits, Coming from dutchess to meet the Guides & recruiting officers for the Enemy at day light in the Mountains, to guide him to Newyork. In a free conversation with those chiefs, they informed him the recruits are all to be in from the Country by the 15th Instant; about which Time the Army is to move. The main body up the river to Force the pass of the Mountains, while a part of the Army is to harrass your movement towards them, or Kings Ferry where the Shiping are to prevent your Crossing. This in part agrees with the intelligence, contained in General Arnolds of the 2d May inclosed. But I do not think it consistent with Military prudence, to inform the lower Emisaries of their party, the movements they intend to make. And I cannot Suppose General Howe to be destitute of a moderate share of it.
The surest Criterion of their intentions, is their preparations. For the discovery of these I have Sent a person to Newyork this morning who is to Stay two days there.
The Enemy had advice of my march, the same night by two Horsemen; who road off from the Heights, the moment we moved which Caused the Enemy not to pursue their route thro’ bedford, as they intended. This, was communicated by my recruiting officer. The shipping at Dob’s Ferry, had four Thousand Troops on board, to assist the retreat of those, who were at Danburry, if they should meet any interuption thro West Chester County. They all went down the day before yesterday, to Newyork. The Command here will soon be Serious and important; and I have So much business with the Enemies of the Country; and the aranging Small detachments as they come in, which with the other business of the Post renders it too Burdensome; for the assistance I have—therefore wish a Major General may be Sent to the Command. Inclosed are returns of the army. Those of the Militia of Newyork I have not been able to get. I am Sir, your affectionate and Obedient Humble Servant

Alexr McDougall

The Bay Troops have been compeled to pay for their Arms; which makes them reluctant to have them branded. I am at a loss to conceive the Policy of this measure. The men having a Property in their own Arms will Sell and exchange them, when pressed for money; some instance has already happened of this Kind; and thus the Arms procured

for the Public will soon become private property, & the views of the Public defeated.


Title: To George Washington from John Rutledge, 5 May 1777
From: Rutledge, John
To: Washington, George

Sir
Cha[rle]s Town [S.C.] May 5th 1777

Immediately after receiving your Favour of March 17th, I confer’d with General Howe, on the Subject—He will give you, at large, the Reasons why it does not seem proper, to attempt the Reduction of St Augustine, with what Forces may be spared from Georgia & this State.
Had it appeared practicable, & expedient, you may be assured, that I would, most chearfully, have afforded all the Assistance in my power, not only, on Account of the Importance which I myself conceive of the Object, but the Respect & Attention which I think due to your Recommendation. I have the Honour to be, with great Esteem Sir yr obedt hble Servt

J. Rutledge


Title: General Orders, 6 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, Morristown May 6th 1777.
ChesterDerby.

The commanding Officers of Battalions, that furnish the Commander in Chief’s Guard, are not [to] draw for the men thus furnished after they have left their respective Battalions, but are to give each man a Certificate of the day on which he was last paid; in order that the Captain of the Guard may be enabled to make out their Abstract properly.


Title: To George Washington from Capt. Caleb Gibbs, 6 May 1777 [letter not found]
From: Gibbs, Caleb
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Capt. Caleb Gibbs, 6 May 1777. Gibbs docketed GW’s letter to him of 3 May in part: “Answerd. 6th May.”


Title: To George Washington from Captain Francis Grice, 6 May 1777
From: Grice, Francis
To: Washington, George

Sur
Trantown [Trenton] Lore Farey May 6. 1777

I Arived Heair this Day with 19 Flat Bottom Boats that will Carrey one 100 men Each and three Artillarey Flats or Scows that will Carrey Two field Peeces with thair Horsis and Stors and the Compeney thair To Belonging Each and I am Apinted Captn over the hole of them By Ginrel Mifflin who Desird me To Rite To Your Honner For forther Instructtishun: How To Porseed which I Shall Be much oblige To your Honner for—Sur if you Rite To me Pleais To Dereck your Letter To the Cair of Captn John Clun Trentown Loare farey To your Humble Sarvent

Captn Francis Grice


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Alexander McDougall, 6 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

Dear Sir,
Headquarters Morris Town 6º May 1777.

I must beg the favour of you to look out for a sensible, honest, active, young fellow, well acquainted with Figures, & well qualified to discharge

the duties of a Deputy Muster Master—His pay is low, 35 dollars ⅌ Month—On discovering such an one, you will be pleased to appoint him, & refer him to the Letter &C. from Colo. Ward that attend this. I am Dear Sir Yr most Obed. Servt

Go: Washington

P.S. I wish to have the best Information of ours & the Enemy’s loss at Danbury, as soon as possible.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Alexander McDougall, 6 May 1777
From: McDougall, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Sir
Peeks Kill [N.Y.] May 6th 1777.

Thro^ hurry I enclosed you Yesterday by mistake, another of Col. Huntingtons instead of the enclosure. My recruiting Officer is returned with the most of the leaders of the Gang, but he lost one of them by being too eager to get the whole. one of the Prisoners says the Enemy are to evacuate their Post at the Bridge, on the 10th instant, and that the most of the Enemies Troops are gone to Jersey. In this two others agree. The Bay Troops have not received any Clothing, or Arms, and Harrass me for both. Where are they to receive the Former? They appear very shabby. I have the Honor To be Your Excellency’s very Humble Servt

Alexr McDougall


Title: To George Washington from Major General Adam Stephen, 6 May 1777
From: Stephen, Adam
To: Washington, George

sr
Newark [N.J.] May 6th 1777

William & George Green formerly livers in Sussex—George has land w[i]t[h]in a mile & half of the Old Log T[r]ail wint into Bergen under Capt. Annesly in Company of 73—five of whom were taken in the Cedar Swamp—It appears they belongd to Bartons Regimt were Quarterd at Commune pas [Communipaw]; reviewd Saturday last when their Corps amounted to about 280—The Whole in Bergen revie[w]d at that time Amounted to about 1,000.

James Mills born in Essex, has land near Westfield; Capt. Lt John Cuggle Seduced him in Sussux Went in to Bergen about 3 Weeks ago by himself Cuggle was interrupted, & got in wt. nine Recruats in about a Week after.
They are, by the Testimony of Henry Van Horten & John Van Bassey recruiti[n]g Officers—They having tumperd [tampered] with them to pilot them in; & gave them a Dollar to Convey them out. They brought them prisoners to Newerk last Night for which I gave them Six dollars, & desird them to keep a good look out for any Recruits going in. I have the honour to be sir Your

Adam Stephen


Title: From George Washington to Major General Stirling, 6 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)

My Lord
Head Quarters Morris Town May 6th 1777.

It is with pain, I inform you, that a complaint has been made to me of your having treated Mrs Livingston with a degree of roughness and indelicacy, which I am convinced, your cooler reflexion must condemn. Conscious that you have too much regard for your Character as a Gentleman, and too nice a sensibility of the impulses of humanity, deliberately to commit an indiscretion of the kind, I can only impute, what has happened, to a sudden transport of passion; and I am persuaded, I need only beg you to consider your conduct in this affair, to make you feel the impropriety of it, and do every thing proper to obviate the disagreeable consequences it tends to produce.
I pretend not to interfere in this matter, in any other light, than as a friend. The respect I have for your reputation will not allow me to

be silent, when I cannot but fear you have acted in a manner that will be prejudicial to it. May I not add, that the Enemies of our cause will take advantage of such a Circumstance, from the Military rank you hold, to make comments of a very injurious nature.
The present situation of public affairs, affords abundant causes of distress, we should be very careful how we aggravate or multiply them, by private bickerings. It is not for me to enter into the merits of the dispute, that gave rise to the ill treatment complained of; but I must take the liberty to give my opinion, that prudence and compassion equally dictated, all little differences and animosities, calculated to increase the unavoidable evils of the times, should be forgotten, or, at least, postponed; and that Mrs Livingstons Character, connexions, Sex, & Situation intitle her to a degree of respect and consideration, inconpatiable with that kind of deportment, which I am informed you have, in this instance, observed towards her. Her son has signified to me, that it is his mother’s intention, to change her habitation, as soon as She can find a commodious place for the purpose; Surely you can have no objection to allowing her the time necessary for accomplishing it; and will never think of expelling her by violence, and exposing her to all the inconveniences She would naturally experience.
I hope your Lordship will entertain a just idea of the friendly motives that occasion this letter; and will believe me to be with great regard, Your Lordship’s Most Obedt Servant

G. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Stirling, 6 May 1777
From: Stirling, Lord (né William Alexander)
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir,
Baskingridge [N.J.] May 6th 1777

I am extremly unhappy to find by your Excellency’s letter of this date that any of my private Affairs should have taken up so much of your Attention; I could wish your Excellency had beleived the whole

matter had been Misrepresented to you, Mrs Livingston was informed Six Weeks ago that I was in want of that part of the house which she possesses. she had then no less than four other houses engaged, I yesterday in the most friendly Manner informed her that my family was under great inconveniences for want of Room and that I should be Glad she would make it Convenient to Move as soon as possible; I conceived this to be but a Modest request, to enjoy my own property; and was not in the least governed by passion; she behaved very improperly and threatned to move the Next Morning, I told her she Might do as she thought proper. I thank your Excellency for the Motives of friendship which dictated your letter and am your Excellency’s Most Obt Humble Servt

Stirling


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, 6 May 1777
From: Varnum, James Mitchell
To: Washington, George

Sir
East Greenwch [R.I.] May 6th 1777.

On Monday last I wrote your Excellency, and inclosed the Returns of the Battalions: But, by a Mistake in making up the Maile, the Letter miscarried, wch induces me to inclose them with this Week’s Returns. I cannot vouch for the Certainty of these Returns as the Towns have inlisted Numbers, seperate from the Officers, whereof they have not given me any certain Information.
I find a very great Difficulty in equipping what Troops we have raised; Especially, in procuring Shoes, Stackings, & Hatts. The Party marching Tomorrow, about One Hundred & Fifty, have been detained several Days on that Acct, Fifty or sixty more will march in the Course of this Week, & another Detachment next. Last Sunday Week, marched a small Party, consisting of a Subaltern & seventeen.
The Reason why Articles of Cloathing are so difficult to be had, is that no kind of Attention is paid to the stated Prices, wch brings in Discredit the public Currency. The Enemy remain on Rhode Island. We daily expect a Visit from them. The sending away our own Troops, is very grating to many. This Occasions Delays &c. I have the Honor of being, your Excellency’s most obdt humble Servt

J. M. Varnum


Title: General Orders, 7 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, Morristown, May 7th 1777.
Newtown.Boundbrook.

His Excellency the Commander in Chief, upon considering the report of the Court of inquiry, held on the conduct of Capt: Bond and Lieut: Brackinridge, both of the 4th New-Jersey Regt, respecting a charge brought against them by a certain Dennis McCarthy, thinks the accusation frivolous, and groundless; And that both those Gentlemen are to be considered as good officers, and friends to their Country.
Nathan Rice and Everard Meade Esqrs. are appointed Aides-de-Camp to the Honorable Major Genl Lincoln, and are to be obeyed and respected as such.
The following proceedings of a General Court Martial, held at Boundbrook, on May 2nd Inst: whereof Col. McClennahan was President, are approved of by his Excellency the Commander in Chief.
Thomas Wood of the 8th Pennsyl: Regt to receive 50 lashes.
Capt: Ransom of Wyoming accused of “Being drunk on his post”—The Court think he is Not Guilty of the charge.
Michael Lynch of the 10th Pennsyla Regt to receive 100 lashes.
Lieut: Parrot of the 8th Virginia Regt to be discharged from the service, and his pay stop’d from the time he left his detachment, until he did duty in his regiment again.
Dennis Ford of the 10th Pennsyl: Regt to receive 100 lashes.
Leonard Buck of the 5th Pennsyl: Regt to receive 25 lashes.
Levi Bateman of the 10th Pennsyl: Regt to suffer Death.
Thomas Greaton of the 10th Virginia Regt to receive 100 lashes.
Michael Gorman of the 10th Pennsyl: Regt not to be punished.
Capt: Hite of the 8th Virginia Regt to be reprimanded by the commanding Officer of the regiment, in presence of Lieut. Culp and other officers of the regiment.
Lieut: Beeler of the 8th Pennsyl: Regt Not guilty.
James Davis of the 11th Virginia Regt Not guilty.
Griffiths Ford, no Evidence, therefore discharged.
James McDonald, Corporal in the 5th Pennsyl: Regt to be reduced to the ranks, and receive 100 lashes.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 7 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town May 7th 1777

The inclosed, to General Wayne, requires him to hasten to me as speedily as he can, after the receipt of my letter. His presence in this quarter cannot be dispensed with. The Pensylvania troops, daily coming in, are without any General officer of their own state, to command them; and my intention is, as far as circumstances will permit, to arrange the different troops, under the respective Generals of the states, they belong to; which will be advancive of harmony and obedience. I have ordered on the number of General officers, proportioned to the troops assigned for your department; and I desire, you will do every thing necessary to facilitate General Wayne’s repairing to my Head Quarters, as directed. I am Sir Your most obedient servant

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Alexander McDougall, 7 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town 7th May 1777

I am favd with yours of the 5th: You make mention of a letter of Colo. Huntingdons of the 1st instant which you have not inclosed, there are a few lines from him of the 30th April, but they only respect a peice of intelligence of the Enemy’s having landed at Frogs point on their way down the Sound.
I have a long time seen and felt the ill Consequences of the want of Arrangement in the Commissary Generals department. I dont think that it is to be imputed to any fault in the present Principal, but to the amazing extent of that Branch, over every part of which, it is impossible that he should keep his Eye, and I know that in several instances he has been infamously deceived by his Deputies. If you think that the difficulties which you have been lately put to, proceed from any want of Attention or Activity in the person who acts as deputy Commissary in your quarter, I think he ought to be called to account. I however beg that you and Genl Clinton will press the Commissaries and Qr Masters to remove all those Stores from the places mentioned by Congress, to Ulster County, as quick as possible, as I very much fear, that if the Enemy move up the River, before they are got over, we shall feel the want of them.
The imperfect State of the Fortifications of Fort Montgomery gives me great uneasiness, because I think from a concurrence of Circumstances it begins to look as if the Enemy intended to turn their Views towards the North River, instead of Delaware. I therefore desire that Genl Geo: Clinton and yourself will fall upon every Measure to put the Fortifications in such a State, that they may at least resist a sudden Attack, and keep the Enemy employed till reinforcements may arrive—If the North River is their object, they cannot accomplish it without withdrawing their forces from Jersey, and that they cannot do unknown to us. Your present force is fully sufficient to oppose any Body of Men that can be sent against you, previous to the calling the detatchments from Jersey and Rhode Island.
As the Congress have lately appointed General Arnold to the Rank of Major General, I have wrote to him and desired him to come immediately forward to Peekskill, not but that I place intire Confidence in you, nor should I have thought of superseding you but upon your own Request. I think you will find him a Man of Judgment and particularly servicable in giving directions for the Armament of the Gallies or making any kind of Water opposition. By what Rule, or by what right the State of Massachusets undertook to make their Soldiers pay for the public Arms I cannot conceive. To give the Soldier the least pretence

to a property in his Arms, except so far as to pay for them if he lost or destroyed them, was what I had been labouring to put a Stop to. But to admit this would be to put things upon the same bad footing which they had been. I therefore desire that all the Arms and Accoutrements without exception may be branded, and if any thing has been stopped from the Soldiers for their Arms, I will order it to be returned.
I look upon the several peices of intelligence communicated by Genl Arnold, of the intentions of the Enemy, as mere report, or only thrown out to amuse. For you may be assured that when they mean to move in earnest, it will not be in detat[c]hment.
As Generals Arnold and Parsons may not be at New Haven, for which place their letters are directed, I beg you will send them by a person who will see the delivery of them as they are of consequence. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philip Schuyler, 7 May 1777
From: Schuyler, Philip
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Philadelphia May 7. 1777.

I am honored with Your Excellency favor of the 3d—I[t] gives me Great pleasure that You approve of the Measure alluded to in my last but one.
Inclose You such a Return as I have been able to procure. Major Livingston is gone to Bristol & will send Your Excellency a Return of what Troops may be there.
Be pleased to order the inclosed to be forwarded by the first Conveyance to Kingston. I am Dear Sir with every friendly Wish & respectful Sentiment, Your Excys Most Obed. Hble servt

Ph: Sch:


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 7 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Wayne, Anthony

Sir
Morris Town May 7th 1777.

I wrote to you the 12th Ultimo, desiring, that so soon as any other General Officer should arrive at Tionderoga, you would immediately leave it and repair to my Head Quarters. I must now repeat that desire, as your presence here is very much wanted; and I shall expect, that after the receipt of this, you will hasten to join me with all the expedition you can. The Troops from Pennsylvania are daily coming to Camp, and we have no General Officer here, from that State, to take the command of them, which you will readily perceive is productive of inconveniences. The commencement of the Campaign approaches fast, and will admit of no delay in making the necessary Arrangements of the Army. I am Sir, Your Most Obedt Servt

G. Washington


Title: General Orders, 8 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, Morristown May 8th 1777.
New-York.Albany.

As few vices are attended with more pernicious consequences, in civil life; so there are none more fatal in a military one, than that of GAMING; which often brings disgrace and ruin upon officers, and injury and punishment upon the Soldiery: And reports prevailing, which, it is to be feared are too well founded, that this destructive vice has spread its baneful influence in the army, and, in a peculiar manner, to the prejudice of the recruiting Service, The Commander in chief, in the most pointed and explicit terms, forbids ALL officers and soldiers, playing at cards, dice—or at any games, except those of EXERCISE, for diversion; it being impossible, if the practice be allowed, at all, to discriminate between innocent play, for amusement, and criminal gaming, for pecuniary and sordid purposes.
Officers, attentive to their duty, will find abundant employment, in training and disciplining their men—providing for them—and seeing that they appear neat, clean and soldierlike—Nor will any thing redound more to their honor—afford them more solid amusement—or better answer the end of their appointment, than to devote the vacant moments, they may have, to the study of Military authors.
The Commanding Officer of every corps is strictly enjoined to have this order frequently read, and strongly impressed upon the minds of those under his command. Any officer, or soldier, or other person belonging to, or following, the army, either in camp, in quarters, on the recruiting service, or elsewhere, presuming, under any pretence, to disobey this order, shall be tried by a General Court Martial.
The General Officers, in each division of the army, are to pay the strictest attention to the due execution thereof.
The Adjutant General is to transmit copies of this order, to the different departments of the army: Also to cause the same to be immediately published in the Gazettes of each State, for the information of officers, dispersed on the recruiting service.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Benedict Arnold, 8 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Arnold, Benedict

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town May 8th 1777.

I am happy to find that a late resolve of Congress of the 2nd instant, has restored you to the continental army. The importance of the Post

at Peeks Kill and its appendages has become so great that it is now necessary, to have a Major General appointed to the command of it, you will therefore immediately repair to that Post and take charge of it, till a general arrangement of the army can be effected, and the proper province of every officer assigned. I am Sir, Your most obedt Servt

G. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant General Heister, 8 May 1777
From: Heister, Leopold Philipp, Freiherr von
To: Washington, George

New York, 8 May 1777. “You have had the kindness some Time ago to allow Mr Miller Lieutenant & Paymaster in the Hessian Corps under my Commands, & 3 non commissioned Officers to pass to Philadelphia with a Transport of small Uniformes & Money for the Hessians, who are taken by Your Troops & confined in that City & some other Places in that Part of the Country.” Heister requests GW’s permission for Miller and another party of noncommissioned officers again to take clothing and money to the Hessian prisoners. “As Mr Miller & the non commissioned Officers, who are to go with him will be ordered not to mind any Thing but their Business, nor be asked, if returned, about the least Thing they have seen or heard, except the Circumstances of the Hessian Prisoners, & moreover being in Your Power to appoint Persons constantly to accompany them & to watch their Conduct: I hope there is no Difficulty in permitting them to pass not only to Philadelphia, but also to the other Places, where Hessian Officers or private Men are in Prison.”


Title: General Orders, 9 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, Morristown May 9th 1777.
Alexandria.Bedford.


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 9 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town 9th May 1777

The inclosed is Copy of a letter which was handed to me by M. Mottin de la Balme from Silas Dean Esquire: For a more particular account of his Merit and Services, I must refer you to himself. I have sounded him, as to his expectations, and find that nothing under a Lieutenant Colonelcy of Horse will content him. If you should, from his own account, or from what you can collect from others, think proper to confer this Rank upon him, there is no Vacancy in any other Corps, except that of Colonel Sheldon’s.
I am afraid we shall never be able to find places vacant, equal to the expectations of the french Gentlemen who are now here, much less for those that will follow. The high Rank conferred upon those who first came over, many of whom had no pretensions either from their Services or Merit, has naturally raised the expectations of those who come properly recommended, to such a pitch, that I know not what will satisfy them. Indeed it is not to be imagined that a Gentleman and an old Soldier can submit to be commanded by a person in this Country, who he remembers to have been his inferior in France. I know not how we can remedy this evil, or put a Stop to the growth of it, but by being very circumspect for the future, on whom we confer Rank above that of a Subaltern. I have the Honor to be Sir Your most obt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Maj. Gen. William Heath, 9 May 1777 [letter not found]
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Maj. Gen. William Heath, 9 May 1777. GW wrote Heath on 18 May: “Your favour of the 9th instant by Capt: Mullen is this day handed me.”


Title: From George Washington to James Mease, 9 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Mease, James

Sir
Morris Town May 9th 1777.

The following Extract from Mr Young’s Letter, one of your Clerks in Philadelphia, to Mr Kemper, I transmit for your consideration.
P.S. Since the foregoing, Mr Mease has yours by the post, and he directs me, positively to forbid the fine Goods being given out at Morris Town, but to those of the Generals Family alone, say 20 or 30 Shirts and 3 or 4 dozen Hose. He tells me, they cannot be viewed as Clothing for the Army; that he particularly directed them to serve his own Freinds and he chuses himself to issue them; I am afraid you speak too freely of their coming.
This proceeding surprised me much and requires but few comments. Those Goods are certainly public property, purchased by public Agents and were transported at public expence and risk. The Army are in great need of them and will want all Articles of the kind you can procure; so that they can not be applied, upon any principle, to the purposes of private emolument or private friendship. Supposing those intended to be favoured with them, should be of the Army, yet, if a preference is due to any, it is certainly to the Officers and men who have been longest in service and to those earliest in the Field; but the Postscript does not hold forth an interpretation so favourable. I trust another instance of the sort will never happen, nor can I bring myself to believe, upon this occasion, that Mr Young has not taken up a wrong Idea of your directions. I am Sir, Yours &ca

G. Washington

P.S. I am convinced, that we shall experience many inconveniences, from our Soldiery being dressed in red; I therefore wish, to have all the Clothes now on hand of that colour dyed. I dont care what their colour is.


Title: General Orders, 10 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, Morristown May 10th 1777.
Cambridge.Dublin.

It having been observed, notwithstanding former orders to the contrary, that some officers make a practice of riding the Continental horses, as well as those, belonging to the inhabitants, in the neighbourhood,

of the army: The Commander in Chief positively declares, that, if any officer, in future, will dare to presume, to ride any horses, either public, or private, property, without leave first obtained from the proper officer, if a public horse; or from the owner, if private property, shall immediately be brought to trial, by a General Court Martial.


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 10 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
Morris Town May the 10th 1777.

Since I had the Honor of addressing you on the 5th Instt nothing material has occurred.
Inclosed, you will be pleased to receive a General Return of our Forces in Jersey, the 6th Instant, which is the first, I have been able to obtain with any degree of accuracy.
I have not heard from Genl DeHaw’s since his promotion. As soon as I was informed of it, I wrote & requested him to repair to Camp, but having received no Answer, I am apprehensive my Letter miscarried. I wish Congress to give him notice of his Appointment and directions to join the Army, if he accepts his Commission & is not prevented by indisposition.
Through the Board of War I have been favoured with a Copy of Genl Gates’s Letter of the 29th Ulto. Hudsons River & the passes in the Highlands, I always considered, as Objects of great importance, and, accordingly, have provided for their Security in the best manner my Judgement would direct & the circumstances of the Army admit. If they are less secure, than we wish them to be, it is owing to our inability and not to inattention. I have written to Genl McDougal and will do it again to employ much of his care, upon this Subject. War, in Theory & the modes of Defence are obvious & easy—but in practice, they are more difficult. Unhappily for us, the means in our power, do not always accord with our wishes or what would be our interest to pursue. As yet, None of the Eastern Troops have passed the North River, except Two small Detachments from Connecticut & Rhode Island, amounting to about 270, which missed my Orders, till they had got over. These I shall send back, after we are more reinforced, unless the movements of the Enemy in this Quarter make their detention necessary. The rest of the Eastern Troops, which have marched, except

the 7 Regiments from Massachusetts and Three from New Hampshire, ordered immediately to Ticonderoga, are at, & on their way to Pecks Kills, as mentioned in my Letter of the 3d, where they are to remain, with All the York Troops, except Vanschaicks and Gansevorts now at the Northward, till Genl Hows designs & intended Operations are better understood. This disposition, appearing to me and my Genl Officers, the best that could be made in our State of incertainty, was adopted. The Two troops of Horse recommended by Congress to be sent to Genl Gates, shall go, as soon, as circumstances will admit. At present, we have not more than are constantly employed at the different posts.
Genl Heath in a Letter of the 30th Ulto mentions that the Military Chest at the Eastward is exhausted, & that a Supply will be wanted much to defray the Expences which will arise on the removal of the Military & Ordnance Stores to Springfield. he says, Mr Hancock was to write upon the Subject, and requested I would also mention it to Congress in my first Letter.
Accounts have been frequently exhibited of late by the Officers respecting Subsistence whilst recruiting & on their march. As I do not recollect the provision Congress have made in such cases, I wish to be informed & to be favoured with a Copy of their several Resolves upon the Subject.
A consideration of the Return transmitted, and of the Several Detachments, that have joined & which form it, will shew Congress what our situation has been. I have the Honor to be with great respect Sir Yr Most Obedt servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 10 May 1777
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philada May 10th 1777.

I have Nothing further in Charge from Congress at this Time, except the enclosed Resolve, founded upon Complaints which, if not immediately enquired into and redressed, must be productive of the most fatal Consequences to the Army.
Nothing can so effectually lay the Foundation of Discontent, and of Course encourage a Spirit of Mutiny and Desertion among the Soldiers, as withholding their Pay from them; and to this Cause, there is too much Reason to apprehend, we must attribute the many Instances of Desertion of which we have daily Accounts.
The Congress therefore have taken the Matter into Consideration; and with a View of doing Justice to the injured Soldier, and exposing the Officer who neglects or designedly withholds his Pay, and to prevent the evil Effects of such Conduct on the public Cause, have recommended it to you to institute a Court of Enquiry to examine into the Behaviour of the Officers in this particular, and to see that their Men are regularly and honestly paid. I beg Leave to refer your Attention to the Resolve, and am, with Sentiments of the greatest Esteem, Sir Your most obed. & very hble Servt

John Hancock Presid.

P.S. I am directed by Congress to request you will furnish them, by the Return of this Express, with an Account of the Number of the Troops you have at present. It is not expected in the Situation of the Army, without an Adjut⟨ant⟩ General, that you will be able to do it ⟨with⟩ any great Degree of Precision. What they desire is, that you will give them the best Information in your Power as to your Number and Strength.
The Congress having recommended it to the States of Delaware & Pennsylvania to call out a Body of their Militia amountin⟨g⟩ in the whole to four Thousand five Hundred, and Preparations being made for their going into Camp, would wish to know, whether in your Opinion, it is necessary to compleat this Business. They would by no Means interfere with any Plan you may have formed; and therefore leave it entirely to you to determine on the Expediency of the Measure, being desirous of co-operating with you in any Scheme you may have projected against the Enemy. I am Sir with the greatest Respect your most obed. Sert

John Hancock Presidt


Title: From George Washington to Richard Henry Lee, 10 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Richard Henry

Dear Sir,
Morris Town May 10th 1777.

This Letter will be delivered to you by the Chevalier D’annmours, who, if I am not mistaken in my judgment, has something more in view than preferment. In the course of two days conversation with him, he appears to me, to be a man of superior abilities to the common run of his Country men, who have visited us—He is sensible & judicious, &, as far as I am capable of judging, well Instructed in the political & commercial principles of most European States. He has Letters of recommendation from Doctr Franklin, professes to be a warm friend to

the Rights of Mankind; and, as such, ready to give any aid in his power to the Cause we are engaged in. I mean this as a Letter of Introduction only, & am Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt & Affecte

G: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer and Nicholas Thomas, 10 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Jenifer, Daniel of St. Thomas,Thomas, Nicholas

Gentlemen
Head Quarters Morris Town 10th May 1777

I am honored with yours of the 18th instant inclosing the Arrangement of the Officers of your Seven Battalions as settled by General Assembly 1st April 1777.
I hope this arrangement will prove satisfactory to all the Gentlemen in nomination, but should any disputes or difficulties arise, I shall endeavour to have them settled upon the most impartial Scale.
The impediments to the recruiting Service, I hope are now removed, and I flatter myself that every Measure will be adopted by the Senate and House of Delagates that will contribute towards filling up the Quota of Men allotted to the State of Maryland. I have the honor to be Gentn Yr most obt Servt.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Alexander McDougall, 10 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: McDougall, Alexander

Dear Sir,
Morris Town. 10th May 1777.

So little room is left for doubting the Enemy’s designs are up the North River, that (notwithstanding proper Preparations for such an Event have been the frequent Subject of my Letters to you, which I am assured will claim a just share of your serious Attention) I can not help writing again on this head—Let me therefore, in order that no Measure for Defence may be left untried, desire you to consult with Genl George Clinton, view the Passes thro’ the Mountains on each side of the River, examine the Approaches to the Forts, the Heights that are near to them, and immediately set about such farther Works as may render any Attempt to wrest them out of our hands extremely difficult, if not totally impossible—I will suggest this Idea. Altho’ every Place within the reach of the Forts are rendered as strong as Art can make them, yet the Enemy (knowing this) may land below, and take a Route, which is not provided for—I would have you guard against any such Possibility—The Continental Troops can not be better employed, during their stay with you, than in completing these Works.
The Forts and Places nearest to them, should claim your first Regard. That no time may be lost in doing this, for want of Intrenching-tools, you must procure them at any Rate, and of any Persons.
The French Gentlemen that came last from Boston, tell me that they ordered their Baggage to follow them—One of them in particular, Monsr Danmours, has, among his, some Papers of Importance, which he wishes may run no risk of being lost—I must beg the favour of you to order an Escort to attend the persons, who have it in charge, as far as Pompton; and write by them to Genl Heard, stationed there, to forward it to this place under an equal one. I am, Dear Sir, Yr most Obed. Sert

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Robert Morris, 10 May 1777
From: Morris, Robert
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Philada May 10th 1777

I have not taken the liberty of giving You any trouble for sometime past and indeed I never do it but with great reluctance because I know how much Your attention & time must be engaged in the most important pursuits.
The bearear of this the Marquis Armand de la Rouerie is entitled to my Warmest recommendations because he brought from his own Country letters to me that I am obliged to attend to & put great faith in as they come from persons Worthy of the utmost Credit, one of them is from Mr Deane who not only mentions him as a Gentn of Rank, good Family & Fortune but also as a Man of great Merit desiring my particular attention to him & that I should supply him with Money which will be repaid in France by a Gentn to whom America is under the most important obligations. You will therefore excuse & oblige me at the same time by your favourable attention to Monsr Armand for he chooses to pass by that Name & shoud he want Money I will pay his drafts for what he Stands in need of—I find he is a little disgusted at an appointment made for him by Congress this day and I believe it was through the inattention of a Committee which I shall get set right again in a Short time. I am Dr sir with the greatest esteem & affection Your obedt hble sert

Robt Morris


Title: From George Washington to Richard Peters, 10 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Peters, Richard

Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town 10th May 1777

I am favd with yours of the 7th instant inclosing Genl Gates’s Letter to Congress. A proper attention has been paid to the importance of the passes upon Hudsons River, for the Security of which a large part of the Eastern force is ordered to Peekskill and that neighbourhood, there to wait, untill the intentions of the Enemy are more fully known.
You will be pleased to transmit Major Etherington’s parole to Elias Boudinot Esq: Commsy of prisoners, to whom you will in future address all papers or letters upon the Subject of Prisoners. I am Sir Yr most obt Servt

G. W——n

P.S. Three Regiments of N. York are also at Peekskill.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Israel Putnam, 10 May 1777
From: Putnam, Israel
To: Washington, George

Dr General,
Princeton [N.J.] May 10th 1777

I just receiv’d your favour of yesterday—there are a number of the Maryland & Virginia troops have been laying at Bristol some time. I this day took the liberty of ordering them up, & soon as any part of them arrive I shall immediately, give orders to Major Smith who commands a detachment of the 9th Pennsya Regt to march—Capt. Sewards Compy of Artillery arriv’d here this morning—the Company of Col. Martins Regt who were detached to the Artillery, & the part of Capt. Huggs Compy of Artillery, I have ordered to march tomorrow morning, to join their Cores—“the following Intelligence I receiv’d this day from Major Taylor who commands the Militia at Cranbury—ten Boats wint down the River from Brunswick yesterday loaded with Soldiers & women & also eight more the day before loaded in the same manner, there are eight transport Ships in Amboy harbour”—Examination of Barberry Busy, who left N. York the first of this month, says that a fleet of 200 Sail of Vessels came in the day before she left it,

laden with Provisions & Goods she came from N. York to Brunswick which place she left the 8th Instant—says that 40 flat Bottomed Boats came to that place last week—she Also says that an Express came to Brunswick from York, on the 7th Instant—in consequence of which, a Battalion of Grenadiers, a Battn of Light Infantry, & the Regt of Lt Horse were orderd to hold themselves in readiness to embark on Board those Boats—she was told they were going to N. York—also that three transports were wat[e]ring & taking in provision at York for the reception of troops—I sent down to Philadelphia to Genl Mifflin for tents but he not b[e]ing in town could not get them—I shall be glad to know where I must now apply—the inclosed is an exact return of the troops in my Division—I have never thought to ask whether, there has been any officers sent out in exchange for Capt. Gamble, Ensign Campbell & Commissary McCulloch, who I sent in from this place. I am With the utmost Esteem Dr General Your Most Obedt very Huml. Servt

Israel Putnam

N.B. I suppose you have had the Acct of the troops making ready to leave Brunswick from Mr Mercereau.

P.S. there are three deserters here belonging to Broadhead’s Regt from Summerset they were taken within a few hundred yards of the Enemys Lines, one confesses their intention to desert to the Enemy—which have been tried by a General Court Martial & condemned to die—I shall approve of the Sentences, but shall wait your Excellency’s orders for their Punishment—one of them is a John Bailey says he arun away from a farm of your’s on the Ohio.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier Generals William Woodford and Charles Scott, 10 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Woodford, William,Scott, Charles

Sir
[Morristown, 10 May 1777]

The third, Seventh, Eleventh, and fifteenth Virginia Regiments are to compose your Brigade; the duties of which you are immediately to enter upon, and to make yourself master of the true State of those Regiments, as early as possible.
The necessity of occupying so many Posts, as we at present do, will prevent your drawing the Brigade into compact order, till further orders; but the Regiments should be kept as much together, as the nature of the service will admit.
You will in a particular manner inquire, what Officers are absent from those Regiments of your Brigade now here, and have all such, as have gone off without leave, exceeded their Furloughs, or are on any frivolous business, recalled, and kept close to their duty.
You will likewise enquire into the State and condition of the Non-Commissioned Officers and privates, know where the absentees are, and endeavour to get them to their respective Regiments, as soon as possible.
The completing these Regiments to their Establishment, is to become an object of your greatest attention, discreet and active officers should be employed in this Service, and no others; as we must, if possible, put an end to idleness and dissipation, not only in Camp, but upon all duties detached from it.
Whenever your Brigade can be drawn together, you should make them practice, as much as possible, the Evolutions (as more essential than the manual exercise) and you are, as much as in your power lies, to see that the officers attend to the cleanliness of their men, as one of the best preservatives of Health.
You will likewise carefully endeavour to have all General orders complied with, by those under your immediate command. Given at Head Quarters at Morris Town this 10th day of May 1777.

G. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Col. David Forman, 11 May 1777 [letter not found]
From: Forman, David
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Col. David Forman, 11 May 1777. GW wrote Forman on 15 May: “I am favd with yours of the 11th.”


Title: From George Washington to Major General Horatio Gates, 11 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Gates, Horatio

Sir,
Head Quarters Morris Town May 11th 1777.

I am informed, that the Cloathing for Col: Shepherd’s Regiment of Massachusetts, in pursuance of the Original Plan, has been sent on to

Tionderoga, but as the Destination of this Regiment, among Others has been altered, You will send back the Cloathing for It, as expeditiously as possible to Albany; giving Directions to have it immediately transported thence to Peeks Kill, where the Regiment is, at this Time stationed. I am sir, Your Most Obedt servant

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to William Livingston, 11 May 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, William

Sir
Head Quarters Morris[town] 11th May 1777

I am this day honoured with yours of the 2d instant, as I was a few days ago with that of the 30th April.
previous to the Rect of it, I had desired Mr Boudinot, to demand Mr Fells release for that of Mr Hugh Wallace, Colo. Philipse or Mr Jauncey whose paroles we have and who are all Counsellors of the State

of New York. If they refuse this, I shall call upon one of those Gentlemen to return to the place of his former confinement, and I hope, they will interest themselves in procuring Mr Fells release, rather than submit to a recall.
I have been informed by Colo. Forman that the Quakers and disaffected are doing all in their power to counteract your late Militia law, but I hope if your Officers are active and spirited that they will defeat their evil intentions and bring their Men into the Feild. I have the honor to be with great Regard Sir Yr most obt Sert.