Title: May 8. Fryday.
From: Adams, John
To:

       This Morning Dr. Franklin, Mr. Lee, and Mr. Adams, went to Versailles, in Order that Mr. Adams might be presented to the King.—Waited on the Count De Vergennes, at his office, and at the Hour of Eleven the Count conducted Us, into the Kings Bed Chamber where he was dressing—one officer putting on his Sword, another his Coat &c.
       The Count went up to the King, and his Majesty turned about, towards me, and smiled. Ce est il Monsieur Adams, said the King and then asked a Question, very quick, or rather made an Observation to me which I did not fully understand. The Purport of it was that I had not been long arrived.—The Count Vergennes then conducted me to the Door of another Room, and desired me to stand there which I did untill the King passed.—The Count told the King, that I did not yet take upon me to speak French. The King asked, whether I did not speak at all as yet—and passed by me, into the other Room.
       This Monarch is in the 24th. Year of his Age, having been born the 23d of Aug. 1754. He has the Appearances of a strong Constitution, capable of enduring to a great Age. His Reign has already been distinguished, by an Event that will reflect a Glory upon it, in future Ages I mean, the Treaty with America.
       We afterwards made a Visit to Count Maurepas, to Mr. Sartine, to the Chancellor, to Mr. Bertin &c.
       The Chancellor, has the Countenance of a Man worn with severe Studies. When I was introduced to him he turned to Dr. F. and said Mr. Adams est un Person celebre en Amerique et en Europe.
       We went afterwards to Dinner, with the Count de Vergennes. There was a full Table—no Ladies but the Countess. The Counts Brother, the Ambassador who lately signed the Treaty with Swisserland, Mr. Gamier the late Secretary to the Embassy in England, and many others, Dukes and Bishops and Counts &c.
       Mr. Garnier and Mr. asked me, with some Appearance of Concern, whether there was any foundation for the Reports which the Ministry had spread in England, of a Dispute between Congress and Gen. Washington. A Letter they say has been printed, from an officer in Phila. to that Purpose.
       Mr. Garnier is the 1st. french Gentleman who has begun a serious political Conversation with me of any length. He is a sensible Man.


Title: May 9. Saturday.
From: Adams, John
To:

       This Morning Mr. Joy, Mr. Johonnot, and Mr. Green, came to visit me—Joy who lived at Weymouth, Green Son of Mr. Rufus Green.
       Dined with Madam Bertin.


Title: May 11. Monday.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Dined at Mr. Sorins, at Passi.


Title: May 12. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Dined, at Mr. Dupré’s, at the  Montagne. The Gardens and the Prospect are very fine. It lies adjoining to the Seat of the President of the Parliament of Paris. We met his Lady, who desired the Gentlemen to shew Us the Place, but not the Whole, for she wished to enjoy our Company, there, at her own Invitation, and she chose to reserve a Part of the Curiosities of the Place as an Inducement to Us to accept it.
       From this Hill, We have a fine View of the Country, and of the Kings Castle at Vincennes. My little Son, and the other young Americans, at the Pension, dined with Us.


Title: May 13. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Dined at M. Chaumonts, with a great deal of Company. After Dinner took a Walk to Chaillot to see Mr. Lee, who had a large Company of Americans to dine with him, among the rest Mr. Fendell of Maryland and Dr. Smith Brother of Mr. Smith of N. York the Historian.


Title: 1778 May 14. Thursday.
From: Adams, John
To:


Title: May 15 Fryday.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Dined at Mr. Grands, with all the Americans, in Paris.


Title: May 17 Sunday.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Dined at home. Dr. Dubourg, and Mr. Parker and another Gentleman dined with me.


Title: May 18 Monday.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Dined at Mr. La Frété’s Country Seat, at the Foot of Mount Calvare. The House, Gardens, and Walks are very spacious. It lies upon the Seine—nearly opposite to that Castle whimsically called Madrid, built by Francis I.—The Company Yesterday, were all single Personnes, except Mr. and Mm. La Frété and myself.


Title: May 19. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Dined with Mr. Challut, one of the Farmers General. We were shewn into the superbest Gallery that I have yet seen. The Paintings, Statues and Curiosities were innumerable. The old Marshall Richlieu dined there, and a vast Number of other great Company.
       After dinner, M. Challut invited Dr. F. and me, to go to the Opera, and take a Seat in his Logis. We did. The Musick and dancing were very fine.


Title: 1778 May 20. Wednesday.
From: Adams, John
To:

       The french Opera is an Entertainment, which is very pleasing, for a few Times. There is every Thing, which can please the Eye, or the Ear. But the Words are unintelligible, and if they were not, they are said to be very insignificant. I always wish, in such an Amusement to learn Something. The Imagination, the Passions and the Understanding, have too little Employment, in the opera.
       Dined at Dr. Dubourgs, with a small Company, very handsomely; but not amidst those Signs of Wealth and Grandeur, which I see every where else.
       I saw however more of Sentiment, and therefore more of true Taste than I have seen in other Places, where there was ten times the Magnificence.—Among his Pictures were these.
       Les Adieux D’Hector et D’Andromaque, in which the Passions were strongly marked.
       La Continence de Scipio.
       Le Medicin Erasistrate, decouvre L’Amour D’Antiochus.
       Devellopement de la Decoration interieure et des Peintures des Plafonds de la Gallerie de Versailles.
       We went and drank Tea, with Mm. Foucault, and took a View of Mr. Foucaults House—a very grand Hotell it is—and the Furniture is vastly rich. The Beds, the Curtains, the every Thing is as rich as Silk and Gold can make it.
       I am wearied to death with gazing wherever I go, at a Profusion of unmeaning Wealth and Magnificence. The Adieu of Hector and Andromache gave me more Pleasure than the Sight of all the Gold of Ophir would. Gold, Marble, Silk, Velvet, Silver, Ivory, and Alabaster, make up the Shew everywhere.
       A certain Taylor once stole an Horse, and was found out and committed to Prison, where he met another Person who had long followed the Trade of Horse Stealing. The Taylor told the other, his Story. The other enquired why he had not taken such a Road and assumed such a Disguise, and why he had not disguised the Horse?—I did not think of it.—Who are you? and what has been your Employment?—A Taylor. —You never stole a Horse before, I suppose in your Life.—Never.—G—d d—n you what Business had you with Horse stealing? Why did not you content your Self with your Cabbage?—Franklin.


Title: May 21. Thursday.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Dined at home.


Title: 22 Fryday.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Dined at home with a great deal of Company. Went after Dinner to see the Misanthrope of Moliere, with Mr. Amiel. It was followed by the Heureusement.—Called at the Microcosme. Called at Mr. Amiels at the Pension.


Title: Sunday 24.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Dined at Home.


Title: May 26. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Dined at Mr. Bertins the Secretary of State at his Seat in the Country. Dr. F., his G. Son and I rode with Mm. Bertin, the Niece of the Minister, in her Voiture with 4 Horses. This was one of the pleasantest Rides yet. We rode near the back side of Mount Calvare, which is perhaps the finest Height near Paris. Mount Martre is another very fine Elevation. The Gardens, Walks and Water Works of Mr. Bertin are very magnificent. He is a Batchelor. His House and Gardens are situated upon the River Seine. He has at the End of his Garden a Collection of Rocks, drawn together at a vast Expense, some Thousands of Guineas. I told him I would sell him a Thousand times as many for half a Guinea.
       His Water Works are very curious. 4 Pumps, going by Means of two Horses. The Mechanism is simple and ingenious. The Horses go round as in a Mill. The four Pumps empty themselves into a square Pond which contains an Acre. From this Pond the Water flows through Pipes down to every Part of the Garden.
       I enquired of a certain Abbe, who sat next me at Dinner, who were the purest Writers of french. He gave me in writing, L’Histoire universell du Bossuet. La Fontaine. Moliere. Racine. Rousseau. Le petit caerene carême de Massillon. Les sermons de Bourdaloue.


Title: 1778. May 29. Fryday.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Dined again at Monsieur La Fretes at the Foot of Calvare. Madam La Fretes four Sisters dined with Us.
       Monsr. Rulier Rulhière, who has always dined with me at that House, dined there to day—the same Gentleman who wrote the History of the Revolution in Russia. He has also written the Revolutions of Poland. I asked him who was the best Historian of France. He said Mezeray. He added, that the Observations upon the History of France by the Abby de Mably were excellent. He told me I might read his History of the Revolution in Russia, when I would.
       The Inclination and the Apparatus in this Country for Amusements is worthy of observation. There is scarcely a genteel House but is furnished with Accommodations for every Sort of Play. Every fashionable House at least has a Billiard Table, a Backgammon Table, a Chess Board, a Chequer Board, Cards &c.


Title: May 30. Saturday.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Dined at home with only Dr. F.’s new french Clerk. He has a smattering of Italian, German and English. He says that the best Italien Dictionary and Grammar are those of Veneroni. The best German Grammar and Dictionary are those of Gottsched.
       The best french Prosody is the Poetique francoise de Marmontel.


Title: 1778. June 2d. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Went to Versailles, and found it deserted, the Court being gone to Marli.
       We went to Marli, waited on met the Compte De Vergennes, and did some Business, then went to Mr. De Sartine, and dined with him. His Lady was at home, and dined with the Company. The Prince de Montbarry dined there.—Went with Madam Sartine to the Count D’Arandas, the Spanish Ambassadors Coffee, as they call it, where he gives Ice Cream and Cakes to all the World.
       Marli is the most curious and beautifull Place I have yet seen. The Water Works here, which convey such a great Body of Water from the Seine to Versailles, and through the Gardens at Marli, are very magnificent. The Royal Palace here is handsome, the Gardens before it are grand. There are six Pavillions on each Side of the Garden, that is six Houses, for the Use of the Kings Ministers, while the Royal Family is at Marli, which is only for 3 Weeks. There is nothing prettier than the Play of the Fountains in the Garden. I saw a Rainbeau in all its Glory in one of them.
       The Shades, the Walks, the Trees, are the most charming, that I have seen.


Title: 1778 June 7.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Went to Versailles in Company with Mr. Lee, Mr. Izzard and his Lady, Mr. Lloyd and his Lady and Mr. Francis. Saw the grand Procession of the Knights du St. Esprit or de le Cordon blue.
       At 9 O Clock at Night went to the grand Couvert, and saw the King, Queen and Royal Family at Supper. Had a fine Seat and Situation close by the Royal Family, and had a distinct and full View of the royal Pair.


Title: [June 1778]
From: Adams, John
To:

      1778. June 2d. Tuesday.

       Went to Versailles, and found it deserted, the Court being gone to Marli.
       We went to Marli, waited on met the Compte De Vergennes, and did some Business, then went to Mr. De Sartine, and dined with him. His Lady was at home, and dined with the Company. The Prince de Montbarry dined there.—Went with Madam Sartine to the Count D’Arandas, the Spanish Ambassadors Coffee, as they call it, where he gives Ice Cream and Cakes to all the World.
       Marli is the most curious and beautifull Place I have yet seen. The Water Works here, which convey such a great Body of Water from the Seine to Versailles, and through the Gardens at Marli, are very magnificent. The Royal Palace here is handsome, the Gardens before it are grand. There are six Pavillions on each Side of the Garden, that is six Houses, for the Use of the Kings Ministers, while the Royal Family is at Marli, which is only for 3 Weeks. There is nothing prettier than the Play of the Fountains in the Garden. I saw a Rainbeau in all its Glory in one of them.
       The Shades, the Walks, the Trees, are the most charming, that I have seen.

   For a contemporary description of Marly and its grounds see Dezallier, Environs de Paris, 1779[Antoine Nicolas Dezallier d’Argenville,] Voyage pittoresque des environs de Paris, 4e. édn., Paris, 1779., p. 162–178.

      1778 June 7.

       Went to Versailles in Company with Mr. Lee, Mr. Izzard and his Lady, Mr. Lloyd and his Lady and Mr. Francis. Saw the grand Procession of the Knights du St. Esprit or de le Cordon blue.
       At 9 O Clock at Night went to the grand Couvert, and saw the King, Queen and Royal Family at Supper. Had a fine Seat and Situation close by the Royal Family, and had a distinct and full View of the royal Pair.

   JA’s narrative of and reflections on this visit to Versailles are greatly elaborated in his Autobiography under the present date. His personal accounts (printed at the end of 1778, below) show that the entertainment cost him 12 livres.

      June 8

       Dined with Mr. Alexander, and went to the Concert.

   From this point until the following spring the Diary entries are very sporadic. In his Autobiography JA says that after residing a few months at Passy he grew “afraid to keep any Journal at all: For I had reason to believe, that the house was full of Spies, some of whom were among my own Servants, and if my Journal should fall into the hands of the Police, full of free remarks as it must be, to be of any value, it might do more Injury to my Country than mischief to me.” When, however, JA reached the present point in composing his Autobiography, he filled the gaps in the Diary record to some extent by copying in letters from both the Commissioners’ and his own letterbooks and by adding explanatory comments thereon. The inserted letters have been included in the text of the Autobiography in the present edition. His personal accounts in France, printed at the end of 1778, below, also give glimpses of his activities—sightseeing, attending court, book-buying, and the like—in the following months.


Title: 1778 July [4].
From: Adams, John
To:

       The Anniversary of the Declaration of American Independence. We had the Honour of the Company of all the American Gentlemen and Ladies, in and about Paris to dine, with Dr. Franklin and me, at Passi, together with a few of the French Gentlemen in the Neighbourhood, Mr. Chaumont, Mr. Brillon, Mr. Vaillard, Mr. Grand, Mr. Beaudoin, Mr. Gerard, the Abbys Challut and Arnold &c.
       I have omitted to keep any Journal for a long Time, in which I have seen a great many curious Things.


Title: 6.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Dined with the Abby’s Chaillut and Arnaud. The Farmer General, Mr. and Mrs. Izzard, Mr. Lee, Mrs. Gibbs and Mrs. Stevens, and Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd were there. After dinner the Abby invited Us to the French Comedy, where We saw the Malheureux imaginary and the Parti de Chasse d’Henri quatre.


Title: 7. Mardi.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Dined at St. Lu, with the Farmer general Challut. The Marshall Richelieu, and many Abbes, Counts, Marquisses &c.


Title: 14.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Dined at Chatou, with Mr. Bertine, Ministre D’Etat. Went to see the Park, where We rambled, untill We were weary.


Title: 1778 July 25.
From: Adams, John
To:

       It is an Amusement among some People, here, who understand a little English, to give Samples of English Sentences, hard to be pronounced.—“What think the chosen Judges? Thrust this Thistle through this Thumb. An Apple in each Hand and a third in my Mouth.”—&c.


Title: [July 1778]
From: Adams, John
To:

      1778 July 4.

       The Anniversary of the Declaration of American Independence. We had the Honour of the Company of all the American Gentlemen and Ladies, in and about Paris to dine, with Dr. Franklin and me, at Passi, together with a few of the French Gentlemen in the Neighbourhood, Mr. Chaumont, Mr. Brillon, Mr. Vaillard, Mr. Grand, Mr. Beaudoin, Mr. Gerard, the Abbys Challut and Arnold &c.
       I have omitted to keep any Journal for a long Time, in which I have seen a great many curious Things.

   On the inseparable Abbés Arnoux and Chalut, elderly but spritely enthusiasts for the American cause, who helped teach JA French and later became friendly with all the Adamses in France, see JA’s Autobiography under date of 16 April 1778; AA to Mary (Smith) Cranch, 5 Sept. 1784 (MWA; AA, Letters, ed. CFA, 1848Letters of Mrs. Adams, the Wife of John Adams. With an Introductory Memoir by Her Grandson, Charles Francis Adams, 4th edn., Boston, 1848., p. 189–190). JA and other Americans seldom succeeded in spelling the Abbés’ names correctly.

   The cost of this Fourth of July celebration, 600 livres and 7 sous, is entered in JA’s retained record of the expenses of the American Commissioners in France, 1777–1779 (Lb/JA/35, Adams Papers, Microfilms, Reel No. 123).

      6.

       Dined with the Abby’s Chaillut and Arnaud. The Farmer General, Mr. and Mrs. Izzard, Mr. Lee, Mrs. Gibbs and Mrs. Stevens, and Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd were there. After dinner the Abby invited Us to the French Comedy, where We saw the Malheureux imaginary and the Parti de Chasse d’Henri quatre.

      7. Mardi.

       Dined at St. Lu, with the Farmer general Challut. The Marshall Richelieu, and many Abbes, Counts, Marquisses &c.

      14.

       Dined at Chatou, with Mr. Bertine, Ministre D’Etat. Went to see the Park, where We rambled, untill We were weary.

      1778 July 25.

       It is an Amusement among some People, here, who understand a little English, to give Samples of English Sentences, hard to be pronounced.—“What think the chosen Judges? Thrust this Thistle through this Thumb. An Apple in each Hand and a third in my Mouth.”—&c.

   See further, on the difficulties of the French in pronouncing the name “Washington,” JA’s Autobiography under this date.

   At this point, 25 July 1778, the second part of JA’s Autobiography, entitled “Travels and Negotiations,” breaks off.

   The third part, entitled “Peace,” does not resume the narrative of his life until 29 Sept. 1779, the date of JA’s commissions from the Continental Congress to negotiate treaties of peace and commerce with Great Britain.


Title: 17.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Dined at Chatou, with Mr. Bertin. After dinner went to view the Machine of Marli, which forces up from the River Seine, all the Water at Versailles and Marli. We walked up the Mountain to the Pavillion, and Dwelling House of Madam de Barry. The Situation is one of the most extensive and beautiful, about Paris. The Pavillion is the most elegantly furnished of any Place I have seen. The House, Garden and Wallks are very magnificent. Mm. Barry was walking in the Garden. She sent Us word she should be glad to see Us—but We answered it was too late, We had so far to go.—Mr. Le Roy, of the Academie of Sciences was with Us. As We returned We had an agreable Conversation, upon philosophical Subjects.


Title: 18.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Went to Paris, with the Abbees Chalut and Arnaut. Went to see the Church of St. Roche, the Splendor and Magnificence of which, is very striking to me.
       There I saw the Monument of the famous Mesnager. The Pomp of these Churches, I think exceeds the Magnificence of the Royal Palaces.
       Mr. Challut says that the Rent of this Church is Eighty thousand Livres a Year, barely the Rent of the Pews and Chairs, and perhaps the Cellars. Out of this they maintain the officers of the Church, and the Servants and Labourers that attend it, and the organist &c.—but what becomes of the Remainder he did not say.


Title: Aug. 30. 1778. Sunday.
From: Adams, John
To:

       This Evening had the English Gazette extraordinary, containing Extracts from Letters from Ld. How and Gen. Clinton—the first containing an account of the Arrival of the Toulon Fleet, and anchoring without Sandy Hook—the other, a Relation of the Action of the 28. June in the Jerseys. There are Letters in London, as M. J. Wharton says, as late as the 14. July.
       Elements of Spanish Grammar by Del Pino, and Dictionary of the Same.


Title: [August 1778]
From: Adams, John
To:

      August 16.

       Went to Church, to the Chappell of the Duch Embassador in Paris, where We had Prayer Books, Psalme Books in french and a Sermon. The Preacher spoke good French, I being judge, and with much grace. I shall go again.

      17.

       Dined at Chatou, with Mr. Bertin. After dinner went to view the Machine of Marli, which forces up from the River Seine, all the Water at Versailles and Marli. We walked up the Mountain to the Pavillion, and Dwelling House of Madam de Barry. The Situation is one of the most extensive and beautiful, about Paris. The Pavillion is the most elegantly furnished of any Place I have seen. The House, Garden and Wallks are very magnificent. Mm. Barry was walking in the Garden. She sent Us word she should be glad to see Us—but We answered it was too late, We had so far to go.—Mr. Le Roy, of the Academie of Sciences was with Us. As We returned We had an agreable Conversation, upon philosophical Subjects.

   Louvecienne (or Louveciennes), nearly adjoining but east of Marly. See Dezallier, Environs de Paris, 1779[Antoine Nicolas Dezallier d’Argenville,] Voyage pittoresque des environs de Paris, 4e. édn., Paris, 1779., p. 178–181.

      18.

       Went to Paris, with the Abbees Chalut and Arnaut. Went to see the Church of St. Roche, the Splendor and Magnificence of which, is very striking to me.
       There I saw the Monument of the famous Mesnager. The Pomp of these Churches, I think exceeds the Magnificence of the Royal Palaces.
       Mr. Challut says that the Rent of this Church is Eighty thousand Livres a Year, barely the Rent of the Pews and Chairs, and perhaps the Cellars. Out of this they maintain the officers of the Church, and the Servants and Labourers that attend it, and the organist &c.—but what becomes of the Remainder he did not say.

   A contemporary description of St. Roch will be found in Thiery, Almanac du voyageur à ParisLuc Vincent Thiéry, Almanach du voyageur à Paris ..., année 1784, Paris [1784]., 1784, p. 544–549.

      Aug. 30. 1778. Sunday.

       This Evening had the English Gazette extraordinary, containing Extracts from Letters from Ld. How and Gen. Clinton—the first containing an account of the Arrival of the Toulon Fleet, and anchoring without Sandy Hook—the other, a Relation of the Action of the 28. June in the Jerseys. There are Letters in London, as M. J. Wharton says, as late as the 14. July.
       Elements of Spanish Grammar by Del Pino, and Dictionary of the Same.

   Joseph Wharton of Philadelphia, who, according to his own testimony in an autobiographical letter written years later, had been supplying confidential information from London to Dr. Bancroft in Paris, and had fled to Paris this very month to avoid arrest by the British (Joseph Wharton to JA, 4 June 1798, Adams Papers).

   This note cannot be dated. In the MS it follows the entry of 30 Aug. quite closely and is in turn followed by a half-page interval of space preceding the entry of 7 October.


Title: 1778 Oct. 7.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Captain Richard Grinnell of Newport Rhode Island says, that the English have this Year 17 Vessells, in the Brazil Whale Fishery off the River Plate, in S.A. in the Lat. 35 South and from thence to 40. just on the Edge of Soundings off and on, about the Longitude of 65 from London. That they sail in the Months of September and October.
       Almost all the Officers and Men, belonging to these 17 Vessells are Americans from Nantuckett and Cape Cod, two or 3 from Rhode Island and Longisland.
       The Names of the Captains are Aaron Sheffield of Newport R.I.,  Goldsmith Long Island, Richard Holmes New York, John Chadwick Nantucket, Francis Macy Nantucket, Reuben Macy Nantucket, John Meader Nantucket, Jonathan Meader Dto., Elisha Clarke Nantucket, Benjamin Clark Nantucket, William Ray Nantucket, Paul Pease Nantucket, Bunker Fitch Nantucket, Reuben Fitch Nantucket, Zebeda Coffin Nantucket, another Coffin Dto., John Lock Cape Codd, Delano Nantucket, Andrew Swain Nantucket, William Ray Nantucket.—Holmes and Chadwick are returned home.
       Some of these Vessells 4 or 5 go to Greenland.
       The fleet sails to Greenland, the last of February or the Beginning of March.
       There is another Whale Fishery discovered lately, in the Meditarranean on the Coast of Barbary, where they catch many fish.
       There was last Year and this Year, a Publication made by the Ministry, A Letter from the Lords of the Admiralty to Mr. Dennis du Bert in Coleman Street, informing Mr. De Bert that there should be a Convoy appointed to convoy the Brazil fleet. But this is a Sham—a Deception. There was no Convoy last Year nor this. If a Convoy was to be appointed she could be of no service, as the Vessells are continually changing their Courses in Chase of Whales. That she would not go further than the Line as they would then judge themselves clear of American Privateers.
       One Privateer from 12 to 20 Guns and 100 Men would be sufficient to take and destroy this whole Fleet.
       The Beginning of December would be the best Time to proceed from Hence—the same Time from Boston.


Title: 1778 Oct. 8. Thursday
From: Adams, John
To:

       Captain Richard Grinnell was taken and carried into Guernsey by the Speedwell Cutter Captain Abraham Bushell of 12 Guns pierced for 14.
       The Town of Guernsey the Capital of the Island, is fortified with one Fort upon an Island called Castle Island, within a Quarter of a Mile of the Town, right before it. There are between Eighty and an hundred Pieces of Cannon, in the Fort, but both Guns and Fort in bad Condition and Repair. Not more than 50 Soldiers at a Time in the Fort.
       There are only five hundred Soldiers, highlanders, on the whole Island. They have wrote to Scotland for another Regiment, which they say is coming.
       The Militia keep watch round the Island. They are well armed, but are not exercised.
       They have lately built new Batteries of four and six Guns in Places where Boats can land, and block Houses all round the Island, where Boats can Land.
       The Island is not more than Ten Leagues from Cape La Hague, the french Coast. About five Thousand Souls, on the Island, very bitter against the French: but treat American Prisoners very well—more like Brothers than Prisoners.
       There is a forty Gun Ship and two Frigates of 28 or 30 Guns in the Harbour before the Town of Guernsey, and several cruising round the Island as they say. Two Kings Cutters of 12 and 14 Guns, are here also.
       They say there are forty six Privateers, from 8 to Twenty Guns belonging to this Island—about twenty more belonging to Jersey, Alderney and Sark.
       The Proper Place to station a Frigate to intercept the Prizes, would be about 30 Leagues to the Westward of the Island, out of sight. Here a Frigate that could sail fast enough might retake many Prizes.
       Captain Peter Collass of Boston, taken on board of Barns, by the Speedwell of Guernsey.
       Guernsey is about 20 miles in Circumference, 7 or 8 long and about 3 or 4 wide. There are breast Works all round the Island, and wherever there is a Cove or Bay where it is possible for Boats or Ships to come in there is a Battery of 2 or 4 Guns, and they say they are building blockhouses all round the Island. They reckon they can muster between four and five Thousand Militia. They have five hundred Highlanders, all green, just off the Mountains. They have a Number of Invalids besides perhaps three or four hundred.
       The Fort in the Harbour is on a Rock a Musquet shot from the Town, Eighty six Guns in the Fort, 42, 32, down to Twelves. Every Parish has a Field Piece or two. Of late they have received a No. of Field Pieces of a new Construction, 3 pounders, to be drawn by Men over Gutters, Ditches, &c. Guernsey, Jersey and Alderney have between fifty and sixty Privateers, small and great.
       There is a Forty Gun Ship, a Frigate of 28 or 30 Guns, and two Cutters, of 10 or 12.
       A 36 Gun Frigate to cruise about 10 or 12 Leagues to the Westward of the Island of Guernsey, might intercept their Prizes going in, provided she was a fast Sailer. She should keep out of Sight of the Island. The Guernsey Men boasted that all the Islands had taken Prizes this War to an amount between three and four Millions.


Title: 1778 Octr. 22. Thursday.
From: Adams, John
To:

       William Whitmarsh Jur., born in Braintree, maried and living in Marblehead, was taken Prisoner on board the Yankee Privateer, Captain Johnson. After having taken two Ships, the Prisonors rose upon them, and carried them to England. Carried to Chatham and put on board the Ardent 64 Gun Ship, Captn. Middleton. Next put on board the Mars 74, from thence on board the Vultur sloop for Spithead. At Spithead put on Board the Balfleur 90.—11 Oct. 1776 put on board the Rippon of 60 Guns Commodore Vernum Vernon, bound to the East Indies. Sailed 24 Novr. from Spithead and arrived at Madrass 8 June 1777.—11 Aug. I left the Ship, and went Upon the Malabar Coast —from thence to a danish Island—thence to Bengal—thence to a danish Factory. Discharged from the danish Snow. In Novr. 17. I shipped on Board an East India man, homeward bound. Sailed in December to Madrass. Arrived in Jany. 1778–sailed 6th. February—arrived at Spithead 6 of Aug.—17 impressed. All the Men on board the Fleet were pressed, Midshipmen, Quarter Masters and all.—27. had a ticket of Liberty for 14 days.—11 September left London for Flushing. Arrived 27.—7 Oct. at Dunkirk.—Never entered, and never would.


Title: [October 1778]
From: Adams, John
To:

      1778 Oct. 7.

       Captain Richard Grinnell of Newport Rhode Island says, that the English have this Year 17 Vessells, in the Brazil Whale Fishery off the River Plate, in S.A. in the Lat. 35 South and from thence to 40. just on the Edge of Soundings off and on, about the Longitude of 65 from London. That they sail in the Months of September and October.
       Almost all the Officers and Men, belonging to these 17 Vessells are Americans from Nantuckett and Cape Cod, two or 3 from Rhode Island and Longisland.
       The Names of the Captains are Aaron Sheffield of Newport R.I.,  Goldsmith Long Island, Richard Holmes New York, John Chadwick Nantucket, Francis Macy Nantucket, Reuben Macy Nantucket, John Meader Nantucket, Jonathan Meader Dto., Elisha Clarke Nantucket, Benjamin Clark Nantucket, William Ray Nantucket, Paul Pease Nantucket, Bunker Fitch Nantucket, Reuben Fitch Nantucket, Zebeda Coffin Nantucket, another Coffin Dto., John Lock Cape Codd, Delano Nantucket, Andrew Swain Nantucket, William Ray Nantucket.—Holmes and Chadwick are returned home.
       Some of these Vessells 4 or 5 go to Greenland.
       The fleet sails to Greenland, the last of February or the Beginning of March.
       There is another Whale Fishery discovered lately, in the Meditarranean on the Coast of Barbary, where they catch many fish.
       There was last Year and this Year, a Publication made by the Ministry, A Letter from the Lords of the Admiralty to Mr. Dennis du Bert in Coleman Street, informing Mr. De Bert that there should be a Convoy appointed to convoy the Brazil fleet. But this is a Sham—a Deception. There was no Convoy last Year nor this. If a Convoy was to be appointed she could be of no service, as the Vessells are continually changing their Courses in Chase of Whales. That she would not go further than the Line as they would then judge themselves clear of American Privateers.
       One Privateer from 12 to 20 Guns and 100 Men would be sufficient to take and destroy this whole Fleet.
       The Beginning of December would be the best Time to proceed from Hence—the same Time from Boston.

   Overwritten; perhaps “63.”

   JA proposed precisely this project of Capt. Grinnell’s to Capt. Daniel McNeill of the General Mifflin privateer, then apparently at Lorient, in writing him, 9 Oct., to find a place on his ship for Grinnell (LbC, Adams Papers). The Commissioners conducted a lengthy correspondence with the French ministry on this subject.

      1778 Oct. 8. Thursday

       Captain Richard Grinnell was taken and carried into Guernsey by the Speedwell Cutter Captain Abraham Bushell of 12 Guns pierced for 14.
       The Town of Guernsey the Capital of the Island, is fortified with one Fort upon an Island called Castle Island, within a Quarter of a Mile of the Town, right before it. There are between Eighty and an hundred Pieces of Cannon, in the Fort, but both Guns and Fort in bad Condition and Repair. Not more than 50 Soldiers at a Time in the Fort.
       There are only five hundred Soldiers, highlanders, on the whole Island. They have wrote to Scotland for another Regiment, which they say is coming.
       The Militia keep watch round the Island. They are well armed, but are not exercised.
       They have lately built new Batteries of four and six Guns in Places where Boats can land, and block Houses all round the Island, where Boats can Land.
       The Island is not more than Ten Leagues from Cape La Hague, the french Coast. About five Thousand Souls, on the Island, very bitter against the French: but treat American Prisoners very well—more like Brothers than Prisoners.
       There is a forty Gun Ship and two Frigates of 28 or 30 Guns in the Harbour before the Town of Guernsey, and several cruising round the Island as they say. Two Kings Cutters of 12 and 14 Guns, are here also.
       They say there are forty six Privateers, from 8 to Twenty Guns belonging to this Island—about twenty more belonging to Jersey, Alderney and Sark.
       The Proper Place to station a Frigate to intercept the Prizes, would be about 30 Leagues to the Westward of the Island, out of sight. Here a Frigate that could sail fast enough might retake many Prizes.
       Captain Peter Collass of Boston, taken on board of Barns, by the Speedwell of Guernsey.
       Guernsey is about 20 miles in Circumference, 7 or 8 long and about 3 or 4 wide. There are breast Works all round the Island, and wherever there is a Cove or Bay where it is possible for Boats or Ships to come in there is a Battery of 2 or 4 Guns, and they say they are building blockhouses all round the Island. They reckon they can muster between four and five Thousand Militia. They have five hundred Highlanders, all green, just off the Mountains. They have a Number of Invalids besides perhaps three or four hundred.
       The Fort in the Harbour is on a Rock a Musquet shot from the Town, Eighty six Guns in the Fort, 42, 32, down to Twelves. Every Parish has a Field Piece or two. Of late they have received a No. of Field Pieces of a new Construction, 3 pounders, to be drawn by Men over Gutters, Ditches, &c. Guernsey, Jersey and Alderney have between fifty and sixty Privateers, small and great.
       There is a Forty Gun Ship, a Frigate of 28 or 30 Guns, and two Cutters, of 10 or 12.
       A 36 Gun Frigate to cruise about 10 or 12 Leagues to the Westward of the Island of Guernsey, might intercept their Prizes going in, provided she was a fast Sailer. She should keep out of Sight of the Island. The Guernsey Men boasted that all the Islands had taken Prizes this War to an amount between three and four Millions.

   Capt. Peter Collas was a son-in-law of Franklin’s favorite sister, Jane (Franklin) Mecom. He was captured by the British no less than five times during the war (The Letters of Benjamin Franklin and Jane Mecom, ed. Carl Van Doren, Princeton, 1950, p. 23–24). What follows is his testimony, as that above is Grinnell’s, on the defenses of the Channel Islands. CFA silently supplied quotation marks around each of their statements.

      Monday. Oct. 12.

       Samuel Harding of Welfleet Cape Cod says that Mr. Robert Bartholomew or Bartlemé, and Incleby of London, are largely concerned in the Whale Fishery. Richard Coffyn and Shubael Gardiner of Nantuckett are concerned with them. Dennis Debert carries on the Business for Mr. Bartholomew. Mr. Nath. Wheatly of Boston is in Partnership with Mr. Bartholomew.—One Ship of forty Guns, or 20 Guns, would take all the Fishery.
       There are about three Boats Crews on each Ship, which are twenty four Men.

      1778 Octr. 22. Thursday.

       William Whitmarsh Jur., born in Braintree, maried and living in Marblehead, was taken Prisoner on board the Yankee Privateer, Captain Johnson. After having taken two Ships, the Prisonors rose upon them, and carried them to England. Carried to Chatham and put on board the Ardent 64 Gun Ship, Captn. Middleton. Next put on board the Mars 74, from thence on board the Vultur sloop for Spithead. At Spithead put on Board the Balfleur 90.—11 Oct. 1776 put on board the Rippon of 60 Guns Commodore Vernum Vernon, bound to the East Indies. Sailed 24 Novr. from Spithead and arrived at Madrass 8 June 1777.—11 Aug. I left the Ship, and went Upon the Malabar Coast —from thence to a danish Island—thence to Bengal—thence to a danish Factory. Discharged from the danish Snow. In Novr. 17. I shipped on Board an East India man, homeward bound. Sailed in December to Madrass. Arrived in Jany. 1778–sailed 6th. February—arrived at Spithead 6 of Aug.—17 impressed. All the Men on board the Fleet were pressed, Midshipmen, Quarter Masters and all.—27. had a ticket of Liberty for 14 days.—11 September left London for Flushing. Arrived 27.—7 Oct. at Dunkirk.—Never entered, and never would.

      1778 Octr. 30. Fryday.

       Last Saturday I dined with Mr. Grand in Company with Mr. Gebelin Author of the Monde Primitif.

   Antoine Court de Gébelin (1725–1784) was the author of Monde pritnitif, analysé et comparé avec le monde moderne, a vast and learned but unfinished work on mythology and language of which JA owned a copy (9 vols., Paris, 1775–1782) that he read and heavily annotated in old age. See Catalogue of JA’s LibraryCatalogue of the John Adams Library in the Public Library of the City of Boston, Boston, 1917., p. 65; Alfred Iacuzzi, John Adams, Scholar, N.Y., 1952, p. 230–232. Court de Gebelin is said to have served as one of the editors of the Affaires de l’Angleterre et de l’Amérique, a vehicle of American propaganda in which Franldin and JA were much interested (Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Générale;J. C. F. Hoefer, ed., Nouvelle biographie générale depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu’à nos jours, Paris, 1852–1866; 46 vols. see notes on entries of 11 Feb. and 3 March 1779, below).


Title: Nov. 9.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Mr. Lee read me a Paragraph of a Letter, from London, “that Mr. D. Hartley would probably be here, in the Course of this Month.”
       At Dinner I repeated this Paragraph to Dr. Franklin, and said that I thought “Mr. H’s Journey ought to be forbidden.” The Dr. said “he did not see how his coming could be forbid.” I replied “We could refuse to see him,” and that I thought We ought to see nobody from England, unless they came with full Powers.... That little Emmissarys were sent by the King only to amuse a certain Sett of People, while he was preparing for his designs. That there had been enough of this.... The Dr. sayd “We could decline having any private Conversation with him.” ...


Title: 1778. Novr: 26 Jeudi.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Went to see the Palace of Bourbon, belonging to the Prince of Condé. It is a City. The Apartements of the Prince, are very rich, and elegant. The Gallery has many fine Paintings. But I have no Taste for ringing the Changes of Mirrors, Gold, Silver, Marble, Glass, and Alabaster.—For myself I had rather live in this Room at Passy than in that Palace, and in my Cottage at Braintree than in this Hotel at Passy.
       An unlucky Accident befell my Servant Stevens in falling from the Coach, and being dragged by the foot upon the Pavement. He was in great Danger but happily was not essentially hurt.
       Dined with the Abbes Chalut and Arnoux. Returned at Night and found M. Turgot, Abbe Condilac, Mad. Helvetius, and the Abbe &c.


Title: Novr. 30. 1778.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Orthodoxy is my Doxy, and Heterodoxy is your Doxy.—Definitions. Franklin.


Title: Decr. 2.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Captn. Bernard. Says There are Two hundred and Thirty Sail of Merchand Ships lying at the Mother Bank, near Spithead, ready to sail to the West Indies, loaded with all Kinds of Provisions and dry Goods, and Warlike Stores. They are to be joined by about Thirty Sail that now lay in the Downs. They are to sail the first Wind after the two Fleets join. The Wind must be easterly. They all go to the Barbadoes, where the Fleet for the Windward Islands, seperates from that to the Leward Islands. They are to be convoyed out of the Channell by Twelve Ships of the Line, Six of them to go through the Voyage to the W.I. Islands.—As they commonly exagerate, it is probable, that not so many Men of War will go. There may be 8 or 9 Men of War, go out of the Channell and perhaps two or three, go thro the Voyage. They cannot probably spare 6 Vessells of the Line without leaving the French Masters of the Seas.


Title: [December 1778]
From: Adams, John
To:

      Decr. 2.

       Captn. Bernard. Says There are Two hundred and Thirty Sail of Merchand Ships lying at the Mother Bank, near Spithead, ready to sail to the West Indies, loaded with all Kinds of Provisions and dry Goods, and Warlike Stores. They are to be joined by about Thirty Sail that now lay in the Downs. They are to sail the first Wind after the two Fleets join. The Wind must be easterly. They all go to the Barbadoes, where the Fleet for the Windward Islands, seperates from that to the Leward Islands. They are to be convoyed out of the Channell by Twelve Ships of the Line, Six of them to go through the Voyage to the W.I. Islands.—As they commonly exagerate, it is probable, that not so many Men of War will go. There may be 8 or 9 Men of War, go out of the Channell and perhaps two or three, go thro the Voyage. They cannot probably spare 6 Vessells of the Line without leaving the French Masters of the Seas.


Title: [Personal Receipts and Expenditures, 1778–1779.]
From: Adams, John
To:

      Account of Monies received
      Account of Monies expended

      £
      s
      d

      £
      s
      d

      1778. Feb. 12. Recd, of the Hon. the Navy Board at Boston, in Sterling.
      100:
      0:
      0
      1778 Feb. To Sundry Expences at Boston, in making the necessary Preparations for my Voyage exclusive of the Articles furnished me by the Navy Board—in Sterling.
      10:
      0:
      0

      2400:
      Liv.

      Livres
      240:
      0:
      0

      April Recd, of Mr. Bondfield at Bourdeaux

       To Cash expended, at Bourdeaux, and on the Journey from thence to Paris near 500 Miles, in which is included the Expences of my self, Captain Palmes, sent to Paris by Captn. Tucker to receive the orders of the Commissioners, of Dr. Noel a French Surgeon of the Boston who went as our Interpreter, of Master Jesse Deane, and of my little Son, and my Domestic Servant
      45:
      0:
      0

      Feb. Ap. 18. drew an order on Mr. Grand, the Banker, in favour of Dr. Noel for two hundred and thirty one Livres and Six Sous, being the Ballance of Expences on the Road from Bourdeaux to Paris. transferred to Pages 9 and 10.

      Feb. April 18. Paid Dr. Noel by an orderon the Banker 231 Livres and Six Sous, being for the Ballance of Expences on the Road from Bourdeaux to Paris. transferred to Pages 9 and 10.

      paid for Padlocks and a few other little Necessaries, 7s. Sterling
      0:
      7:
      0

      Liv.
      8

      April 22. Recd. of Mr. Franklin twenty Louis D’ors
      480
      Liv.

      Ap. 22. paid my Servant Joseph Stephens five Louis D’ors, as Per Rect.
      120:
      0:
      0

      1778. Ap. 23. paid for French Dictionaries & Grammars
      1:
      10:
      0

      Liv.
      36

      Ap. 25. paid the Barber for a Wigg, one Louis D’or and 2 Crowns.
      1:
      10:
      0

      Liv.
      36

      and half a Crown for a Bagg.
      0:
      2:
      6

      Liv.
      3

      Ap. 27. Paid Joseph Stevens, 2 Louis D’ors

      Livres
      48:
      0:
      0

      To 8 English Guineas, lost in a Garment which was stole on the Road bet. Bourdeaux and Paris,—the Guineas were sewn up in the Garment, to conceal them from the Enemy in Case of Capture at Sea—sterling
      8:
      8:
      0

      Livres
      192:
      0:
      0

      Decr. 19. Paid to Mr. Jonathan Williams for a Bill of Exchange, drawn by Mrs. A. in favr. of Codman and Smith, indorsed to Mr. Williams 50£ sterling
      50:
      0:
      0

      Liv.
      1200

      In Livres, Sous and Deniers.

      Ap. 30. Paid the Washerwoman
      7:
      6:
      0

      Paid for a Tickett.
      6:
      0:
      0

      May 1. & 2. Paid for two Ticketts and some Pamphlets
      14:
      0:
      0

      May 5. Paid Joseph Stevens for Sundry small Articles as per Rect.
      44:
      12:
      0

      1778. May 6. Reed, of Mr. W. T. Franklin 20 Louis D’ors
      480:
      0:
      0

      May 7. Paid Joseph Stevens 2 Louis D’ors equal to 48 Livres. Pr. Rect.
      48:
      0:
      0

      8. paid Mr. W. T. Franklin a Louis D’or to pay for Horses, servants &c. at the Hotell, where they dined when I was at Versailles to be presented to the King
      24:
      0:
      0

      May 9. Paid for two blank Paper Books
      16:
      4:
      0

      10 pd. Washerwoman
      4:
      2:
      0

      paid Mr. Lee a Cm. borrowed of him in Paris
      6:
      0:
      0

      May 14. Paid Mr. J. Hochereau his Account
      40:
      0:
      0

      ditto for Almanack Royal
      6:
      0:
      0

      1778. May 15. paid Mr. Hochereau another Acct.
      42:
      0:
      0

      paid Mr. Lee 4 Louis D’ors for Articles of Dress purchased for me
      96:
      0:
      0

      May 18. Paid for Pencils
      3:
      0:
      0

      May 22. paid for a Tickett
      6:
      0:
      0

      May 23 paid for a few necessary Books, And for some transient Expences 4. Louis D’ors
      96:
      0:
      0

      May 31. paid for Tickett and transient Expences
      24:
      0:
      0

      June 7 paid for Expences at Versailles, at the Ceremony of the Knights De St. Esprit and Seeing the King, Queen and Royal Family at the Grand Couvert
      12:
      0:
      0

      June 16 Paid Denis Account two Louis D’ors.
      48:
      0:
      0

      paid Mr. J. Williams for La Fontaines Works in 7 Vol.
      24:
      0:
      0

      paid Joseph Stevens’s Account
      28:
      9:
      0

      17 paid for a Trunk a Louis
      24:
      0:
      0

      paid the Comis for bringing it
      0:
      12:
      0

      19 paid Chaubert the Shoemaker his Account 33 Livres.
      33:
      0:
      0

      1778. May 25. By Cash & Payments made to and for me at Bourdeaux, by Mr. Bondfield, according to his Account, exhibited to me, in his Letter of 26 May.

      1778 May 25. To my Expences at Bourdeaux, and from thence to Paris in the Hire of Carriages Horses and all other Expences for Captn. Palmes, Dr. Noel, and Jesse Deane, as well as my son, servant and self.
      1404:
      0:
      0

      Livres
      1404:
      0:
      0

      Nota. B. this Article is to be substituted instead of the 2d Article in the first and 2 Pages of this Account, which is to be erased.

      Ap. 18. By an order drawn by me on Mr. Grand the Banker, in favour of Dr. Noel for Two hundred and thirty one Iivres and Six Sous, being the Ballance of Expences from Bourdeaux to Paris.
      0231:
      6:
      0
      Ap. 18. To Cash paid Dr. Noel by an order on the Banker for £231. 6s. od. being for the Ballance of Expences upon the Road from Bourdeaux to Paris.
      0231:
      6:
      0

      N.B. this Article is transfered from the two first Pages of this Book in order to have the whole of this Affair in one View.

      1778. May 25. By Sundry Articles, shipped by Mr. Bondfield for my Family according to his Account, for which I am accountable.
      888:
      12:
      0
      1778 May 25. Paid Mr. Bondfield, for the Articles shipped by him, as on the left Hand Page
      888:
      12:
      0

      June 11. By an order drawn by me alone on Mr. Grand in favour of Mr. Le Cour for
      365:
      5:
      0
      June 11. Paid Mr. Le Coeur, by an order as on the left Hand Page
      365:
      5:
      0

      June 12 By an order drawn by me alone on Mr. Grand in favour of Mr. Denis Hill
      663:
      5:
      0
      12 Paid Dennis Hill by an order as on the left Hand Page
      663:
      5:
      0

      July 16. drew an order on Mr. Grand, in these Words viz. Mr. Grand, after considering of your Question concerning the Furniture which was made for Mr. Deane, and which he had used for Upwards of a Year, before I came into this Kingdom and after considering the Nature of the Contract, which Mr. Deane made, according to which fifteen hundred Livres I think are to be paid for the Use of them for the first Year: I have concluded, upon the whole that it is most for the Interest of the public, to pay for the Purchase than for the Loan: You will therefore be so good, as to pay for them as soon as you please. But I have one Request to make, which is, that in the Charge you make of this Article in the public Accounts, you would mention the Contract made with Mr. Deane, that I may not appear to be accountable, for more than my share of this Expence. I am &c.

      16 Paid for Mr. Deanes Furniture as on the left Hand Page
      4294:
      0:
      0

      Livres.
      4294:
      0:
      0

      1778 June 16. Reed, of Mr. Grand the Banker for which I singly gave a Rect. 100 Louis
      2400:
      0:
      0

      1778 June 22 paid for two Pamphlets
      3:
      0:
      0

      paid for Ticketts and Coach hire
      15:
      0:
      0

      24 paid the Peruquiers Account
      39:
      12:
      0

      25 paid Expences at Paris and at the Comedy
      18:
      0:
      0

      28 Paid Expences at Paris and at the Comedy
      18:
      0:
      0

      29 Paid Joseph Stevens his Account as pr his Rect.
      96:
      0:
      0

      30 paid Mr. Quillaus Account–32 Crowns
      192:
      0:
      0

      July 1. paid Expences at Paris
      12:
      0:
      0

      2 paid Expences at Paris
      12:
      0:
      0

      5 Expences at Paris
      18:
      0:
      0

      6 Dto.
      12:
      0:
      0

      9 paid Monsieur Quillau, his Memoire as per Rect
      170:
      0:
      0

      10 paid Joseph Stevens as per Rect
      144:
      0:
      0

      paid for Sundry Expences, myself 2 Louis
      48:
      0:
      0

      12 paid Expences at Paris
      18:
      0:
      0

      16 paid the Washerwoman 1 Louis
      24:
      0:
      0

      paid Expences at Paris
      18:
      0:
      0

      18. paid at the Bureau general des Gazettes etrangeres, for one Year and one Months Subscription for the Courier de L’Europe
      52:
      0:
      0

      19 paid Hocherau his Memoire
      25:
      0:
      0

      1778 July 21. paid Expences at Paris
      13:
      4:
      0

      22 paid Mr. Langlois Memoire
      74:
      0:
      0

      23 delivered 2 Louis to Captain Niles to be laid out in Tea for my family
      48:
      0:
      0

      paid Hochereau his Memoire
      15:
      0:
      0

      27 paid Hochereau his Memoire
      61:
      0:
      0

      paid Expences at Paris for Dr. Franklin and myself
      18:
      0:
      0

      29 paid Hochereau another Memoire
      40:
      0:
      0

      paid Expences in Town
      18:
      0:
      0

      paid Joseph Stephens his Account
      28:
      18:
      0

      31 paid Hocherau another Memoire
      22:
      10:
      0

      paid the Bureau des Gazettes etrangeres for the Gazette de la Haye
      36:
      0:
      0

      Aug. 2. Paid the Taylers Man, for bringing Cloathes
      3:
      0:
      0

      paid Expences at Paris
      9:
      0:
      0

      4 Paid Denny his Account
      44:
      4:
      0

      5 paid for the Gazette de France
      12:
      0:
      0

      1778 Aug. 6. drew an order on Mr. Grand for 100 Louis
      2400:
      0:
      0

      1778. Aug. 7. paid the Maitre D’hote! his Account
      52:
      12:
      0

      8 paid for the Postage of 2 Packets of Letters from Bourdeaux, which came by the Way of St. Eustatia
      32:
      0:
      0

      paid transient Expences at Paris
      18:
      0:
      0

      9 paid Expences at Paris
      12:
      0:
      0

      10 paid Mr. Jonathan Williams, for Mr. Cranch, a private affaire, this Article to be charged to my private Account
      141:
      9:
      0

      paid Mr. Amiel for Mr. Austin
      72:
      0:
      0

      11 paid for the Marquise D’Argensons Work
      5:
      0:
      0

      12 deld. 8 Crowns to my servant to pay for several small Expences
      48:
      0:
      0

      15 paid Jos. Stephens
      70:
      0:
      0

      Expences in Town
      15:
      0:
      0

      17 drew an order on Mr. Grand in favour of Jon. Loring Austin for
      720:
      0:
      0
      17 paid Expences at Lucienne for Dr. Franklin and myself
      12:
      0:
      0

      paid Mr. Austin as on the other Side
      720:
      0:
      0

      paid Hochereau his Memoire
      27:
      0:
      0

      18 Paid Expences at Paris
      18:
      0:
      0

      paid Hatters Account
      30:
      0:
      0

      19 drew an Oder on Mr. Grand in favour of Monsieur Bureau fifteen Louis.
      360:
      0:
      0
      19 paid Bureau by an order, as on the other Side
      360:
      0:
      0

      22 Expences at the Bois de Boulogne
      12:
      0:
      0

      23. This day I accompanied the Abbeys Chalut and Arnold to Notre Dame lenfans trouves, a Charity sermon at Passy, and the Spectacle at the Bois de  Boulonge, my Expences
      48:
      0:
      0

      28. drew an Order on Mr. Grand in favour of Mr. Hill for
      319:
      15:
      0

      Aug. 30. Expences at Bois de Boulogne
      6:
      0:
      0

      31. paid Mr. Hochereau his Memoire
      12:
      0:
      0

      omitted Aug. 28. Paid Hill by an order on Mr. Grand as in Page 20
      319:
      15:
      0

      Septr. 13. drew an Ordre on Mr. Grand in favour of Mr. Hill for his Memoire
      236:
      0:
      0

      September 2. paid Expences at Paris
      18:
      0:
      0

      4 paid Mr. Hochereau his Memoire
      22:
      4:
      0

      5 paid M. Hochereau his Memoire
      26:
      10:
      0

      paid expences at Paris
      18:
      0:
      0

      6. paid the Washerwomans Account
      33:
      14:
      0

      paid Joseph Stephens my servand
      12:
      0:
      0

      1778 September 9. drew an order on Mr. Grand for 229 Livres 6s: 9d, in favour of Mr. W. T. Franklin to pay Mr. Williams for some Goods shipped by Captn. Corbin Barnes for my family
      229:
      6:
      9
      9 Expences at the Bois du Bouloge
      6:
      0:
      0

      omitted 13. Paid Hill by an order on Mr. Grand as in Page 20
      236:
      0:
      0

      13 paid the Taylors Servant, according to Custom
      6:
      0:
      0

      19 paid Dr. Bancroft for a Seal
      12:
      0:
      0

      paid Jos. Stevens
      12:
      0:
      0

      Expences at Paris
      18:
      0:
      0

      20 Expences in the Bois du Boulogne
      1:
      4:
      0

      21 paid Langlois Memoire
      18:
      0:
      0

      paid for mending my Watch
      7:
      0:
      0

      Expences at Paris
      3:
      0:
      0

      omitted 1778 Septr. 9. Paid Mr. Williams by an order as on the left Hand
      229:
      6:
      9

      1778 Septr. 22. gave Mr. Austin four Crowns to be laid out in Tea for my family
      24:
      0:
      0

      paid Hochereau his Memoire
      99:
      8:
      0

      paid for Transient Expences
      6:
      0:
      0

      29 Expences in the Bois du Boulogne
      6:
      0:
      0

      Octr. 1. paid for Pen knives, a Walking Cane and a Watch String
      18:
      0:
      0

      2 paid M. Hochereau his Memoire
      30:
      0:
      0

      9 paid Jos. Stevens
      18:
      0:
      0

      10 Expences at Paris
      12:
      0:
      0

      12 paid Dennis Memoire
      27:
      0:
      0

      15. paid Hochereau
      37:
      15:
      0

      17 paid M. Hochereau
      60:
      10:
      0

     paid Joseph Stevens
      12:
      0:
      0

      Expences at Paris
      12:
      0:
      0

      20. paid Mr. Hochereau his Memoire
      137:
      10:
      0

      23. paid Mr. Hochereau
      43:
      10:
      0

      1778. Octr. 25. Approved an account presented to me by Mr. Grand, for Linnen, Ruffles &c.
      430:
      6:
      0

      Octr. 27. Recd, as by Article on the other side as per Mr. Grands Acct.
      684:
      17:
      6
      Octr. 27. Paid Mr. Grand, his Account including the foregoing Article of the 25 of Octr. by a Rect. and an order to place the whole to public Acct. as per Acct.
      684:
      17:
      6

      Novr. 1. paid Mr. Hochereau his Memr.
      165:
      10:
      0

      2 paid Joseph Stevens
      12:
      0:
      0

      3 paid Hochereau his Memoire
      21:
      0:
      0

      14 paid Jos. Stephens 1 Louis
      24:
      0:
      0

      paid Expences at Paris
      3:
      0:
      0

      Novr. 30. Drew an order on Mr. Grand the Banker in favour of Monsieur Hochereau to pay his memoire
      285:
      0:
      0
      30 paid Joseph Stevens’s Tailers Bill
      33:
      0:
      0

      paid Monsr. Hochereaus Memoire by an order on Mr. Grand the Banker
      285:
      0:
      0

      paid Expences at Paris
      6:
      0:
      0

      1778 Decr. 1. Gave the Postilion of Mr. De Sartine who brought me Dispatches from America sent by his Master
      12:
      0:
      0

      1778 Decr. 2 drew an Order on Mr. Grand in favour of Louis Tardy for the Amount of his Memoire
      265:
      10:
      0
      Decr. 2. Paid Louis Tardy his Memoire by an Order on Mr. Grand
      265:
      10:
      0

      9 Expences at Paris
      12:
      0:
      0

      15 Expences in Town
      12:
      0:
      0

      Decr. 16. Reed, of Mr. Grand one hundred Lewis D’ors for which I gave a Rect
      £2400:
      10:
      0

      19 Expences
      6:
      0:
      0

      21 Paid Rouault his Memoire
      14:
      0:
      0

      23 paid Joseph Stevens
      24:
      0:
      0

      29 Expences in Town
      4:
      0:
      0

      1779 Jany. 1. pd Stevens
      12:
      0:
      0

      paid penny Postman
      4:
      0:
      0

      3 Expences in Town
      12:
      0:
      0

      Expences to the Paroisse
      3:
      0:
      0

      1779. Jany 8 Expences at Paris
      12:
      0:
      0

      9 paid for Syrope de Tortue a Medicine
      3:
      0:
      0

      Paid a Barbers Boy for an Etrenne
      3:
      0:
      0

      20 Expences at Paris
      9:
      0:
      0

      25 Expences at Calvare
      15:
      0:
      0

      31 transient Expences
      12:
      0:
      0

      Feb. 2. given to a French Sailor who had been taken Prisoner in the Lexington and escaped to help him to his own Country of Flanders
      6:
      0:
      0

      6 Paid Visquenets Account
      18:
      0:
      0

      11 Expences at Paris
      6:
      0:
      0

      15 Expences at Paris
      3:
      0:
      0

      20 Expences at Paris
      6:
      0:
      0

      21 Paid a Bill of Exchange £100 st. 95 Louis and a Crown paid to Dr. Winship Windship
      2286:
      0:
      0

      1779 Feb. 25. Expences at Paris
      6:
      0:
      0

      27 Expences at St Dennis
      12:
      0:
      0

      March 3. Expences at Versailles
      18:
      0:
      0

      4 Expences at Calvare
      6:
      0:
      0

      Paid Pascall towards a Chaise
      24:
      0:
      0

      1779 March 5. Recd, of Dr. Franklin an Order on Mr. Grand for 300 Louis
      7200:
      0:
      0
      5 Paid Hollevelles Memoire
      209:
      0:
      0

      Paid for an Inkhorn, some Purses and other Expences at Paris
      24:
      0:
      0

      6 Paid Brunell for a Caisse
      24:
      0:
      0

      Paid Mr. Chaumont for the Remr. of Chalsons Account
      125:
      0:
      0

      Paid Mr. Desavots Memoire
      60:
      0:
      0

      8 paid Mr. Pascal the Remaining 3 Louis for the Post Chaise to Nantes
      72:
      0:
      0

      Pour le Garçon
      1:
      4:
      0

      Paid Dennis Memoire
      63:
      10:
      0

      Paid Barbers Rect for dressing my Wig
      40:
      0:
      0

      Paid Washerwomans Acct.
      24:
      1:
      0

       1779. March 12. To Expences from Paris to Nantes, Post Horses, &c. 5 days 18 Louis
      432:
      0:
      0

      March 14. and 15 Paid for the Hire of a Barge and Bargemen and Expences to Paimbeuf
      24:
      0:
      0

      15 Paid Bill of Exchange to J. Williams
      240:
      0:
      0

     16 Paid for an Hat
      24:
      0:
      0

      for another Hat
      18:
      0:
      0

      Expences at the Comedy
      4:
      0:
      0

      Paid for a Trunk to go to Brest
      18:
      0:
      0

      Paid Jos. Stevens’s Account
      48:
      14:
      0

      17 Paid the Barber
      6:
      0:
      0

      Paid the Coffee at Nantes.
      15:
      0:
      0

      Paid Washerwomans Acct.
      5:
      11:
      6

      Paid the Tavern keeper
      72:
      6:
      0

      22 Total of Expences from Nantes to Brest–15 Louis
      360:
      0:
      0

      Paid the Coffee for 3 Breakfasts
      6:
      18:
      0

      25 paid for a Portmanteau
      15:
      0:
      0

      paid Washerwoman
      3:
      0:
      0

      1779. March 26. paid Account at the Grand Monarch
      20:
      16:
      0

      27. Paid Expences at Brest
      18:
      0:
      0

      28 Dto
      6:
      0:
      0

      29
      12:
      0:
      0

      30
      18:
      0:
      0

      April 1
      9

      2
      18:
      0:
      0

      3
      24:
      0:
      0

      4. Lent to an American in Distress 2 Louis. J. W.
      48:
      0:
      0

      5 Paid Jo. Stevens Acct.
      16:
      17:
      0

      7 & 8 Paid Expences of Post Horses Postilion, and living from Brest to L’Orient
      96:
      0:
      0

      Expences at Lorient
      50:
      0:
      0

      A Canister of Tea and small Loaf of Sugar to use on the Road
      14:
      5:
      0

      11 Expences from L’orient to Nantes
      144:
      0:
      0

      12 transient Expences at Nantes
      9:
      0:
      0

      13 transient Expences
      6:
      0:
      0

      14 Dto.
      13:
      0:
      0

      Ap. 15. pd. Washerwoman
      2:
      5:
      0

      transient Expences
      6:

      16. Do.
      7:
      10:
      0

      17 Do.
      12:
      0:
      0

      pd. Washerwoman, and others
      7:
      0:
      0

       Nugents Dictionaries 2
      9:
      0:

      19 transient Expences
      15:
      0:
      0

      Dto.
      3:
      0:
      0

      D’Olivets Phillippics
      2:
      10:
      0

      20 paid for Wine, Bread, fowls &c. for our Voyage down the River
      9:
      0:
      0

      paid the Barber
      9:
      0:
      0

      paid the Coffee
      2:
      0:
      0

      Min. of Things purchased at L’orient and Nantes to carry home for my familys Use. one Doz. cot. Han. £18.–half dozen Silk £27. 3 m. needles £9.–1 m. Pins 6–Nankeen 30–coton 38.–1 dozen other Hank. 42.–a Peice of others 30.
      200:
      0:
      0

      May 1. Paid Expences at Nantes
      32:
      15:
      0

      2 Dto.
      6:
      0:
      0

      May 14 Paid Joseph Stevens two Months Wages, for his services from the 10 Feb.
      108:
      0:
      0

      Paid for Fresh fish on board ship
      3:
      0:
      0

      17. Paid Expences at L’orient
      15:
      0:
      0

      18 Dto.
      9:
      0:
      0

      19 Dto.
      6:
      0:
      0

      21 Paid for Hankerchiefs
      34:
      10:
      0

      Expences
      3:
      0:

      May 22. Recd. of Mr. Schweighauser and Mr. Puchelberg his Partner at L’orient, for which I drew an order on Dr. Franklin in favour of Mr. Schweighauser.

      Livres
      2930:
      16:
      0

      23. Dto.
      6:

      25
      3:

      May 26. Expences at L’orient
      12:
      0:
      0

      Paid Mr. Watkins for Materials he purchased for making me some Cloaths
      38:
      0:
      0

      Paid Dto. for making
      8:
      0:
      0

      Paid same at another Time for Do.
      30:
      0:
      0

      1779 June 9. Paid Bargemen Barber Cabbin Servants &c. on leaving the Allyance
      24:
      0:
      0

      10 Paid for Materials to make me some light Cloaths for the Voyage to Mr. Watkins
      39:
      0:
      0

      11 Transient Expences, at L’orient
      12:
      0:
      0

      12 Dto.
      6:
      0:
      0

      16 June. Puchelberg Acct.
      1012:
      17:
      0
      16 transient Expences
      6:
      0:
      0

      17. Coffee at L’orient
      25:
      1:
      0

      Garcon
      1:
      4:
      0

      Barber
      12:
      0:
      0

       Mr. Raimbault
      104:
      10:
      0

      Paid Salomon
      159:
      10:
      0

      Dr. Brooke for Medicine
      19:
      0:
      0

      17 June. Paid Captain Landais a Louis he lent me at Nantes
      24:
      0:
      0

      Transient Expences
      12:
      0:
      0

      Paid Mr. Watkins for making and mending Cloaths
      24:
      0:
      0

      1779. Aug. 2. gave to the servants and Sailors 5 Crowns. Gave for the Hire of a Boat 5 dollars, to carry me, my Baggage &c. hence


Title: 1779. Feb. 2. Tuesday.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Last Tuesday, I dined in Company with the Abbe Raynal, and Mr. Gebelin, and asked them to dine with me, on the then next Sunday. Accordingly the day before Yesterday, they both came.
       M. Raynal is the most eloquent Man, I ever heard speak in French. His Voice is sharp and clear but pleasant. He talks a great deal, and is very entertaining. M. Gebelin is much less addicted to talking. He is silent, soft, and still. His Mind always upon the Stretch.


Title: Feb. 4.
From: Adams, John
To:

       Breakfasted with the Abbe Raynal, at his House at his particular Invitation, with a large Company of Gentlemen and Ladies. The Abbé is more than Sixty, seems worn with Studies, but he has Spirit, Wit, Eloquence and Fire enough.


Title: Feb. 5. Fryday.
From: Adams, John
To:

       The Duke de Rochefoucault, Mr. Turgot, Abbe Rochon and De la Roche, dined here.


Title: [Draft of a Letter to Vergennes, 10–11 February 1779.]Confidential
From: Adams, John
To: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, Comte de

        Sir

       As your Excellency reads English perfectly well, my first Request is that you would not communicate this Letter, even to a Translator.
       I have hitherto avoided, in my single Capacity, giving your Excellency, any Trouble at all either by Letter or by Conversation. But the present Crisis Emergency demands that I should ask the Favour of your Excellency to explain my Sentiments to you, either by Letter or in Person. If your Excellency will permit a personal Interview, ignorant, and unpracticed as I am, in the French Language, I am sure that by my Countenance, my Gestures and my broken Syllables in French, I am sure I can make my self understood by your Excellency. If you prefer a Correspondence in Writing, I will lay open my Heart in Writing, under my Hand.
       It is the Address to the People in America under the Name of Mr. Silas Deane, that has occasioned this Boldness, in me.... It is to me, the most astonishing Measure, the most unexpected and unforeseen Event, that has ever happened, from the Year 1761, from which Year I have been as really engaged in this Controversy with Great Britain as I am now, to this Moment.
       I hope your Excellency will not conclude from thence that I despair of my the Commonwealth. Far otherwise.—I perfectly know, that the Body of the People in the United States stand immoveable as Mount Atlas, against Great Britain.—The only Consequences of these an Address like this of Mr. Deanes will may be a Prolongation of the War, and the necessity of hanging perhapsbringing to the last Punishment a fewhalf a Dozen Tories the more. This last, I assure your Excellency is with me and still more with my Country men a great Evil. We wish to avoid it. But when I consider the honourable Testimonies of Confidence, which Mr. Deane carried with him to America—when I consider the Friendship which I have heard there was in France between Mr. Deane and the Plenipotentiary, and the Consul of France,I confess I am afraid that,eventhe Honourable Testimonies from Your Excellency, and even, I dread to say it, from his MajestyI hope—I sincerely hope, that the Veneration which is due to the Plenipotentiary and the Consul of France has not been so employedhave emboldened Mr. Deane to this Measure.—A Measure that must end in his Confusion andRuinShame.—I know it will not end in Submission to G.B. which is the greatest American Evil. But it may End in a Division of the States—for upon my Honour I think that this Address, itself is an open Contempt, and, as far as in Mr. Deane lies, a total subversion of our Constitution.—Your Excellency may depend upon this, that no Man knows of this Letter, but myself—and that no other Man shall know it from me.

        The Reason, of my presuming, to address myself to your Excellency, separately, is because, Mr. Franklin has unhappily, attached himself to Mr. Deane, and set himself against Mr. Lee, and therefore I have communicated this Letter to neither, and I am determined to communicate it to neither.

       Dr. Franklin and Mr. Deane were upon better Terms with each other, than Dr. Franklin and Mr. Lee. I am extreamly sorry for this. But I am fully perswaded, that the Dr. is in this Instance mistaken and deceived. much Trouble to Individuals, but no final Detriment to the common Cause. But on the contrary that it will occasion so thorough an Investigation of several Things, as will rectify many Abuses.
       It is my indispensable Duty, upon this Occasion to inform your Excellency, that Mr. Lee was, as long ago as 1770, appointed by the General House of Representatives of the Massachusetts Bay, of which I had then the Honour to be a Member, their Agent at the Court of London in Case of the Death or Absence of Dr. Franklin. That from that This Honourable Testimony was given to Mr. Lee, by an Assembly in which he had no Relation or Connection, on Account of his avowed and inflexible Attachment to the American Cause, and the Abilities of which he had given many Proofs in its Defence. From that Time he held a constant Correspondence with several of those Gentlemen who stood foremost in the Massachusetts Bay, against the Innovations and illegal Encroachments of Great Britain. This correspondence I had an Opportunity of seeing, and I assure your Excellency from my own Knowledge, that it breathed invariably the most inflexible Attachment, and the most ardent Zeal in the Cause of his Country. From the Month of Septr. 1774 to November 1777, while I had the Honour to be a Member of Congress, I had constantly an Opportunity to see his Letters to Congress, to their Committees and to several of their Individual Members. That through the whole of both these Periods, he constantly communicated the most constant and the most certain Intelligence, which was received from any Individual, within my Knowledge. And since I have had the Honour to be joined with him in the Commission, here, I have found in him the same Fidelity and Zeal.
       I have not a Reason in the World, to believe or to suspect, that he has ever written maintained an improper Correspondence in England, or held any Conference or Negociation with any Body from England without communicating it to your Excellency and to his Colleagues.

       I am confident therefore, that every Assertion and Insinuation and Suspicion against him, of Infidelity to the United States or to their Engagements with his Majesty are false and groundless, and that they may easily be made to appear to be so, and that they certainly will be proved to be so, to the Utter Shame and Confusion of all those who have rashly published them to the World, and particularly of Mr. Deane, who has been so forsaken by his Discretion as to have published to the World many such Insinuations.

        The two Honourable Brothers of Mr. Lee, who are Members of Congress, I have long and intimately known. And of my own Knowledge I can say that no Men have discovered more Zeal, in Support of the Sovereignty of the United States, and in promoting from the Beginning a Friendship and Alliance with France, and there is nothing of which I am more firmly perswaded, than that every Insinuation that is thrown out of Mr. R. H. Lees holding improper Intercourse with a Dr. Berkenhout, is a cruel and an infamous Calumny.


Title: 1779. Feb. 11.
From: Adams, John
To:

       When I arrived in France, the French Nation had a great many Questions to settle.
       The first was—Whether I was the famous Adams, Le fameux Adams? —Ah, le fameux Adams?—In order to speculate a little upon this Subject, the Pamphlet entituled Common sense, had been printed in the Affaires de L’Angleterre et De L’Amérique, and expressly ascribed to M. Adams the celebrated Member of Congress, le celebre Membre du Congress. It must be further known, that altho the Pamphlet Common sense, was received in France and in all Europe with Rapture: yet there were certain Parts of it, that they did not choose to publish in France. The Reasons of this, any Man may guess. Common sense undertakes to prove, that Monarchy is unlawful by the old Testament. They therefore gave the Substance of it, as they said, and paying many Compliments to Mr. Adams, his sense and rich Imagination, they were obliged to ascribe some Parts to Republican Zeal. When I arrived at Bourdeaux, All that I could say or do, would not convince any Body, but that I was the fameux Adams.—Cette un homme celebre. Votre nom est bien connu ici.—My Answer was—it is another Gentleman, whose Name of Adams you have heard. It is Mr. Samuel Adams, who was excepted from Pardon by Gen. Gage’s Proclamation.—Oh No Monsieur, cette votre Modestie.
       But when I arrived at Paris, I found a very different Style. I found great Pains taken, much more than the Question was worth to settle the Point that I was not the famous Adams. There was a dread of a sensation—Sensations at Paris are important Things. I soon found too, that it was effectually settled in the English News Papers that I was not the famous Addams. No body went so far in France or Ingland, as to say I was the infamous Adams. I make no scruple to say, that I believe, that both Parties for Parties there were, joined in declaring that I was not the famous Adams. I certainly joined both sides in this, in declaring that I was not the famous Adams, because this was the Truth.
       It being settled that he was not the famous Adams, the Consequence was plain—he was some Man that nobody had ever heard of before —and therefore a Man of no Consequence—a Cypher. And I am inclined to think that all Parties both in France and England—Whiggs and Tories in England—the Friends of Franklin, Deane and Lee, differing in many other Things agreed in this—that I was not the fameux Adams.
       Seeing all this, and saying nothing, for what could a Man say?— seeing also, that there were two Parties formed, among the Americans, as fixed in their Aversion to each other, as both were to G.B. if I had affected the Character of a Fool in order to find out the Truth and to do good by and by, I should have had the Example of a Brutus for my Justification. But I did not affect this Character. I behaved with as much Prudence, and Civility, and Industry as I could. But still it was a settled Point at Paris and in the English News Papers that I was not the famous Adams, and therefore the Consequence was settled absolutely and unalterably that I was a Man of whom Nobody had ever heard before, a perfect Cypher, a Man who did not understand a Word of French—awkward in his Figure—awkward in his Dress—No Abilities—a perfect Bigot—and fanatic.


Title: Feb. 11. 1779.
From: Adams, John
To:

       It is my indispensable Duty, to tell the Comte de Vergennes that I think one great Cause of this horrid Address of Mr. Deane is Mr. Franklins Certificate in his favour that he is an able and faithfull Negotiator, and that Mr. Franklin was deceived in this—that Mr. F.’s Knowledge actually in America, for a great Many Years has not been long—that he was Upright in this but deceived. That there are such certain and Infallible Proofs of Vanity, Presumption, Ambition, Avarice, and Folly in Mr. Deane as render him very unworthy of Confidence and therefore that Dr. F. has been deceived.