Title: To George Washington from Major John Clark, Jr., 18 November 1777
From: Clark, John Jr.
To: Washington, George

Mr Charles Humphrey’s Novr 18th 1777. 9 oClock A.M.
May it please your Excellency

Col: Fitzgeralds favor of 6 oClock last Evening I received. A Young fellow of Character has been recommended to me (by a Gentleman of my acquaintance in whom I can entirely confide) as a suitable person to give information of the Enemy’s designs—He is now in the City—&

will be with you so soon as he makes the discoveries I have ordered—If they attempt Redbank, by throwing our Troops from the City—he is to wait on you with an immediate account of their numbers or any other movements that are about to take place—I have ordered him to mingle with the British Officers as he is acquainted with several of them & very intimately, ’twill be easily effected, & for that purpose have promised to send him a little hard, or old Money, to spend in company with them—which I can send to the Lady he boards with, as a sum from her Son, who apprehends she is in distress—he promises to write & I will send it by a Flag—the Lady has notice of the design in sending the Cash—Mother she is ignorant of the Young Fellows intentions—Let me beg of you to send a little to enable me to fulfill this engagement—the bearer my Boy, will bring it safe—I have not a doubt, but you will receive the most satisfactory accounts from this person & that instantly—I am just returned from Boones Dam near Carpenters & Province Island, where I’ve had a good view of the Enemy & to my great mortification beheld the British Flag hoisted on Fort Mifflin: All their Ships of Force have moved down the River to Chester, their Battery called “the Vigilant” lys below the Fort & a Sloop opposite—two Brigs & a Sloop went up Yesterday & joined those lying at Morris’s Wharf below Gray’s Ferry on Schuylkill, at which place there are four Brigs & one Sloop busy unloading & a number of Waggons taking in provisions—The Enemy were also taking over a great number of Horses on the Island & bringing up Hay—there are several Stacks on Boones Island that may be burnt without any danger, if they are left, the Enemy will certainly get the Hay, as they are bringing their spare Cattle there to Fodder—great numbers of Cattle are along the shore which they will undoubtedly take in a few Days, if not speedily removed; as I am well informed, the rascally Inhabitants are now corresponding & bartering Goods with the Enemy—I called at one House & found the owner had gone on board for Salt, I have requested a Militia Colonel to order a party to take him—the Enemy were also bringing up their Cannon from their Battery at the pest House to the high Ground on the Island.
One of my intimate acquaintances from the City—assures me that a Chicken sells for 10/, & Beef is now at a Dollar—he is just come out the Hessian Butchers steal all the Cows they can get at Night, kill ’em & sell them to the Inhabitants.
When I received your Letter of the 7th of October requesting me to tarry in this County—I proceeded with what Cloathes I had on without taking time to get any others, they are rather light for the Winter, & cold weather approaching must beg you to permit me to return & get some others, as also another Horse my hackney being tired out, as

Congress is in the Neighbourhood where I live—I wou’d be exceedingly obliged to you to give me a Letter of recommendation, with such a Character as you may think me deserving (if not too much trouble) before I go, shou’d you permit me, I will direct those persons employed to bring intelligence to communicate it to Genl Potter, who will forward it to you, Let me add altho my delicate state of health requires warmer Cloathes & my business a better horse yet, I will risque all to serve you, rather than prejudice the service, as no person can do my business for me hope you’ll not think my request unreasonable. I am with the greatest respect your Excellency’s Hble servt

Jno: Clark Junr

P.S. You may depend I will return with all dispatch, shou’d you grant my request—’twill lay me under many obligations, & shou’d any thing ly in my line of life to make you a proper return, no person will be more grateful than Your Excellency’s Affectionate Hble servt

Jno: Clark Junr


Title: To George Washington from Major John Clark, Jr., 18 November 1777
From: Clark, John Jr.
To: Washington, George

sir
Newton Township [Pa.] 18th Novr 1777–12: oClock

A few Minutes ago one of my Friends came to me & informs me about 5000 of the Enemy crossed from Philadelphia at the Middle Ferry; they are on the Chester Road encamped a few Miles from Chester—they have a great many Baggage Waggons & a number of Field pieces, one of the Officers waiters assured my Friend the whole Army were moving on—others of the Privates say they are going to cross the Delaware—they surprized the Guard at the Blue Bell & took a few prisoners three of ours wounded & three of the Enemy killed including a Scotch Officer—Gens. Potter Reed & Cadwalader are now reconnoitring & expected any moment—the Militia moved up this morning to the Square—you will soon have a more particular account The Light Infantry of the Enemy are among the number above mentioned. I am in hast yours &c.

Jno. Clark Junr

P.S. I cou’d not procure an Express sooner.


Title: To George Washington from Captain Charles Craig, 18 November 1777
From: Craig, Charles
To: Washington, George

Sir
Frankfort [Pa.] 18th November 1777

I have not been Able to gain any intellegence of Consequence since I had the Honour of Adressing your Excellency.

The enemy intend some Grand Menouver in Jersey very shortly which I hope to be inform’d off. the have been makeing small enquiries respecting the Northern Army, and what number of Men your Excellency has in Jersey.
Enclos’d is a rough Draught of the enemys lines, I have been so unfortunate as to meet with an Accident which prevents my being so Active on the lines as I wou’d wish to be shou’d anything new Transpire I shall embrace the earliest Oppertunity of communicating it. I have the Honour to be with profound Respect Yr Excellencys Most Obt Servt

Charles Craig


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant John Heard, 18 November 1777
From: Heard, John
To: Washington, George

Sir
Frankford [Pa.] 18th Novembr [1777] half past 2. P.M.

I am just now creditably inform’d by Mr Peter, direct from the City, that last Night at 11 oclock, a large Body of the Enemy under the command of Cornwallis, march’d to the Neck. Their intentions are to cross over the River below the Fort. Mr Cooper further adds, that this detachment has so much weaken’d them, that, they have not now, in the City, Men sufficient to Man their Lines. I have received various Accts of this, which, tho, in themselves they do not all agree, yet all in this, that a large Number has actually gone off.
Mr received this piece of Intelligence from a Sergeant, who supposing him & two or three who were with him, to be well affected to the Royal Army, had communicated this to him. As Capt. Craig is now absent & I now command, I have thought proper to send this. I have the honor to be your Excellencys mo. hume Servt

John Heard


Title: From George Washington to Richard Henry Lee, 18 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Richard Henry

Dear Sir,
White Marsh [Pa.] Novr 18th 1777.

Your favour of the 7th Instant should not have remained so long unanswered, but for the uncertainty of Colonel Pickering’s acceptance of his new Appointment. He has now determined to do this, which leads me to say, that I am really at a loss to recommend a proper person as a Successor to the Office of Adjutant General. The Gentleman I named to you some time ago will not, you say, answer. I knew but little

of him myself; but understood he was well acquainted with the duty, having served much to the satisfaction of General Montgomery (a good judge) in Canada, during his long and severe Campaign in 1775.
That I might know the sense of the General Officers upon this point of so much importance, that is, whether any of them were acquainted with a person qualified for the discharge of the important duties of this Office I asked them collectively, but they either were not acquainted with a proper person, or did not incline to recommend any one. Colonel Lee, who was formerly recommended by Congress to fill this Office; Colonel Wilkinson; Major Scull, and Colonel Innes were separately spoken of. The first is an active spirited Man, a good disciplinarian, and being, as he was, disappointed before, by Colonel Pickering’s unexpected acceptance of the Office, may possibly look for it now. He writes a good hand, but how correctly, or with what ease, I cannot undertake to say, having had no opportunity of judging. The next Gentleman, Wilkinson, I can say less of, because he has served for the most part in the Northern department. General Gates, I understand, speaks highly of him. He is, I believe, a good Gramatical Scholar, but how diligent I know not. The next, Scull, is a Young Man, but an Old Officer and very highly spoken of, for his knowledge of service, strictness of discipline, diligence and correctness. He early was Brigade Major to General Thompson. The last, Innes, I know nothing more of, than his being a Man of spirit, good Sense and education, and recommended by General Woodford. Thus, Sir, have I, without the least view to serve an Individual, given you the name of every one that has been mentioned to me, and the Characters of them respectively, as far as they have been delineated.
It is a matter of no small moment to the well being of an Army, that the several departments of it should be filled by Men of Ability, integrity and application; and much therefore, is it to be wished that you may be fortunate in your choice of Adjutant and Quarter Master Generals to this Army. Wadsworth has the reputation of being clever at business. In the Commissary’s department he was found active and understanding; but how far he may be qualified for the Chief management of so extensive a department as that of Quarter Master General, I know not. Experience has already evinced, in the Commissarial Line, a change which has embarrassed the movements of this Army exceedingly. I will not charge it to the measure, nor the Men, but the time it happened. This, however, with truth, I can say, that we seldom have more than a day or two’s Provisions before hand; and often as much behind, both of Meat and Bread. It can be no difficult matter, therefore, under these circumstances, for you, or any other Gentleman, to conceive how much the movements of an Army are clogged and retarded.

And now Whilst I am upon this subject, let me add, that I am well convinced that the Salt Provisions necessary for next Year, and which (for want of Salt) can only be had to the Eastward, will not be provided, as the Season is now far advanced, and I have heard of no proper measures being taken to lay them in.
Have you any late advices from Europe? Is there any good grounds for the report of Russians coming out? And is there any expectation of a War between France and Great Britain? If these are Questions which can be answered with propriety, I shall be glad of a solution of them and am, with sincere Regard, Dear Sir, &c.

G. Washington.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General James Potter, 18 November 1777
From: Potter, James
To: Washington, George

Sir
[Newtown] Squair [Pa.] Novr 18th eight oClock P.M. 1777

you have been informed of the enemys move to Chester last night and of Generals Reed and Cedwaleder and me Reconnetring them, by Reeds latter of this day from Darbey I am Now to inform you that the are all Imbarked on Bord there ships and gon over to the Jarsey—Redbank must now fall. I am your Excelancey Most obedant Humble servant

Ja’s Potter

P.S. I send you enclosed the Deposition of Mr Sellers.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Israel Putnam, 18 November 1777
From: Putnam, Israel
To: Washington, George

Head Quarters North Street 6 Miles below White Plains [N.Y.] 18th Novemr 1777
Dear Genl

I am favd with your two Letters, of the 11th Inst.—As to the Blankets stopped for this department; Mr Young Informd me there were between

five and Six thousand going on to the southward, besides the 400 that I detained here—The Artillary Regt here, had not Recd a single one since their entering the Service—Most of them lost all their Cloathing at Fort Montgomery, and without Blankets, they must inevitably have been Render’d unfit for Service—Col. Duboys’s Regt had Recd a few, but at that time were in the like Situation—what was not deliver’d to those two Regiments, Col. Chas Webb’s had, which are now on their March to Join you.
With Respect to the shoes Mr Young said he could share a Cask, without any Inconveniance, to the Southern Army, and had no objections to leaving them here—I am fully sensible of the Inconveniance, that must Arise from Stopages in the different Departments, but in this Case I think I may be Justifyed.
You will see by mine of the 14th what Arrangements I have made for Reinforcing you, and my Reasons for so doing. Genl Glovers Brigade, which was the Rear of the whole, Crossd North River day before yesterday and I hope will be with you in time.
Col. Hamilton is now at Peeks Kill, verry Ill with a fevor—In my last, I Inclosd you the Copy of a letter from him to me; since which I have seen him, and he is Convinced that every thing in my power has been done, to forward the Troops on, and that the Arrangements I made was for the best. I must therefore Request that, that Letter may not be shewn him. I am Dear Genl with great Respect Your Mos: Obedt Servt

Israel Putnam

P.S. the Inclosd was sent from New York to me. I thought it Improper to have it spread in the Country, & therefore send it to you.


Title: To George Washington from Joseph Reed, 18 November 1777 [letter not found]
From: Reed, Joseph
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Joseph Reed, 18 Nov. 1777. In a letter written to GW at “½ past 9 oClock” p.m. on this date, Reed refers to an earlier letter that he had written to GW “this Afternoon.”


Title: To George Washington from Joseph Reed, 18 November 1777
From: Reed, Joseph
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir
Lewis Davis’s 5 Miles from Darby & near Springfield Meeting House [Pa.] Nov. 18. 1777 ½ past 9 oClock.

Since I wrote you this Afternoon we have got Intelligence, out of Chester, which may be depended on that the Troops at Chester began to embark at 11 oClock this Morning & past over to Billingsport with

their Cannon Waggons &c.—they made no Secret of their Intentions to attack Redbank—They gave out their Number was 5000 & the Informt says there was certainly a great Number chiefly British. They said they would storm it to night if practicable but they were so late that the Informant thinks they could not effect it to night. He farther adds that Troops went from on Board the Ships on the same Errand. Ld Cornwallis commands this Detachment. We have thought it best to dispatch this Intelligence this Evening that you may be fully apprized of every Circumstance necessary for your Excelly to form a Judgment of what may be proper to be done in our present Circumstances.
Genl Cadwallader supposing from the Position of the British Troops that his Scheme was wholly frustrated, had directed Procter to return & proposed crossing the River to Head Quarters tomorrow morning but upon this Intelligence he has determined to stay. You may depend upon it that every Precaution will be taken for the Safety of the Peices & I make no Doubt they will be safely returned. I am with the greatest Respect & Regard D. Sir Your Affect. & Obed. Hbble Serv.

Jos: Reed


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, 18 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Varnum, James Mitchell

Dear Sir
Head Quarters [Whitemarsh, Pa.] 18th Novemr 1777 10 Oclock P.M.

A Body of the Enemy marched last night from Philada and crossed the Bridge at the middle ferry and proceeded to Chester. Their numbers are variously reported from 1500 to 3000 but I imagine the former is most likely, altho’ some people from the City think they are much lessened upon their lines. They this day embarked their Horses from Chester on Board Brigs and Ships. This would seem as if they were going away but in my opinion it is only a feint and that they intend to cross over to Jersey and pay you a Visit. Therefore keep a good look out below, if you do this they cannot surprize you because they must make a tedious debarkation of their Horse.
To all matters contained in yours of Yesterday I refer you to the Generals St Clair, Knox and Kalb who went down to consult with you and the Commodore. I expect their report, to govern me in my operations towards assisting you if necessary. If you could get some Countryman

to go into Billingsport with a small supply of provisions he might learn something of their intentions and Numbers. If Major Fleury is well enough to give directions in his Business there will be no occasion to detain Monsr L’Aumois, as he was sent down upon a supposition that Major Fleury was rendered unfit for Service. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 19 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, White Marsh [Pa.] Novr 19th 1777.
Parole Holland.C. Signs Hanover. Hamburg.

The Pennsylvania Field Officers are desired to bring in their old commissions and receive new ones.
All the General Officers are desired to assemble to morrow, at ten, o’clock in the forenoon, at Genl Huntington’s quarters, in order to settle the rank of the field officers of Horse, who are to attend this Board of General Officers and exhibit their respective claims.
All arms unfit for service, which are deposited in the several regiments and corps, are to be sent immediately to the Commissary of military stores, who will send them to be repaired.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel John Bailey, 19 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Bailey, John

Sir
Head Quarters Whitemarsh [Pa.] 19th November 1777

I recd yours dated Hardwick the 16th. I have only to desire you to march forward with all expedition and join me at this place. If you have not left an Officer on whom you can depend to bring on the Men left at Goshen as soon as they are fit for Service I desire you will send such an one back for that purpose. I am &ca.


Title: From George Washington to Maj. John Clark, 19 November 1777 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Clark, John Jr.

Letter not found: to Maj. John Clark, Jr., 19 Nov. 1777. Clark’s third letter to GW of 18 Nov. is docketed in part “Answd 19th.”


Title: To George Washington from Major John Clark, Jr., 19 November 1777
From: Clark, John Jr.
To: Washington, George

sir
Mrs Withy’s Chester [Pa.] Novr 19th 1777, 1, oClock P.M.

I am informed by a person in this place that Lord Cornwallis commands the party that came down from Philadelphia they compleated their embarkation about Sunset Yesterday the following Regiments are with his Lordship Vizt the 5th 15th 17th 33d 77th & 56th exclusive of the Hessians & Light Infantry with 12 pieces of Cannon & several Howitz, the Troops went from this with the greatest reluctance, swearing that if they were once at home they wou’d never come here to fight again, & seem’d to despair of their taking red bank—His Lordship lamented the Number of Men that were lost on the several attempts against Fort Mifflin, he said it was a cursed little mud Island—all the Transports with the Troops &Ca in number about 80, ly opposite—Billingsport, where they are now disembarking.
By a person just from Philadelphia I am also informed that a body of Troops were crossing the River opposite the City Yesterday—they say the whole number sent against red bank is 5000, those who embarked from here, all accounts agree, cannot be less than 3000—Potatoes a person of distinction assures me is the only meal, the Citizens have in genral what Beef they have sells for 7/6 ⅌ lb. Potatoes at 16 ⅌ bushel three Vessells—1 Ship & 2 Brigs are comeing up from New Castle about 80 Sail ly opposite this place, I’ve countd about 30 lb. of Butter & a good Cheese on the Wharf & a person that was taking provisions to the Enemy—I am in haste your Excellency’s most Obedt Humble Servant

Jno. Clark Junior

P.S. They have plundered the Neighbouring Inhabitants of every thing—ravished a Woman, & committed some other horrid actions—They expected to be in possession of red bank by 2 oClock to Day.


Title: To George Washington from Captain Charles Craig, 19 November 1777
From: Craig, Charles
To: Washington, George

sir
[Frankford, Pa.] Wensday one OClock [19 November 1777]

Since my last letter, I recived a Certain Account of a Number of Heighlanders Crossing to Jersey last Night about Nine OClock The Cross’d at Coopers ferry their Piquets ware Drawn in last night, their lines very Weak by every information. I am Yr Excellencys Most Obt Servt

Chs Craig


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General John Glover, 19 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Glover, John

sir
Head Quarters [Whitemarsh, Pa.] 19th Novr 1777 11 OClock P.M.

The Enemy haveing thrown a considerable part of their force over Delaware with an Intention as I suppose of making an attack upon our Fort at Red Bank, Occasions me to Reinforce the Garrison & troops

already there with a large Detachment from this Army in addition to which it is my desire & you are hereby order’d to March by the most convenient Route after receipt of this to Join the Continental Army which may be in the Neighbourhood of Red Bank under command of Major Genl Greene or any other Officer there commanding & take his directions with respect to your conduct at that Post—You will take the Necessary precaution for the Subsistance of your Troops on their march to this place by Detaching Commissaries &Ca to provide for them Your first Route should be Directed to Haddenfield & from thence as Circumstances will require. I am &c.

G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Commodore John Hazelwood, 19 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Hazelwood, John

Sir
Head Quarters [Whitemarsh, Pa.] Novr 19th 1777

I am favor’d with yours of the 15th instant covering the Resolution of a Council of War, held the preceding day upon the Subject of my Letter of the 13th.
The General Officers who has been sent from here in order to examine into & determine upon the Measures to be adopted in that Quarter have, I expect, by this time put matters in such a Train as will be most conducive to the public Interest, & agreeable to the Officers concerned.
should any thing be left undetermin’d by them, I shall be able from their report to form my Opinion thereon & shall immediately communicate it to you—In the mean time I have no doubt but you will afford every assistance in your power, to repell any attempt which may be made to clear the Channel or reduce the fort.
Inclosed you have a Letter from Presidt Wharton which he requested might be forwarded to you. I am Sir your mo: Obedt Servant

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Captain James Knox, 19 November 1777
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

White-marsh Camp [Pa.] Novr 19th 1777

To his Excellency George Washington, Esquire General and Commander in Chief of the Armies of the United States.
The Representation of James Knox, a Captain in the Eighth Virginia Regiment sheweth
That some time in July last he received of the Continent a considerable Sum of Money for the purpose of paying the Wages and arrears of pay due to the Officers and Soldiers that were under his Command in Carolina. That he paid off a Number of them at Middle-Brook, and was soon after ordered to join the Rifle Regiment under Colo. Morgan at Morristown. At this time he had Nineteen Thirty Dollar Bills, Eighteen Two Dollar Bills, & four Three Dollar Bills amounting to six hundred & Eighteen Dollars, of the Officers and Mens money remaining in his hands. That when he marched with Colo. Morgan, as well for Safety, as for paying the said Bills to the Owners, he delivered them to Capt. Thomas Berry, who locked them up in his Chest and that while Capt. Knox was in New-England, some Villian broke open the Chest and stole the said Bills.
Capt. Knox humbly begs leave to submit his Case to your Excellency, that as he had taken every necessary Step for the Ease & Conveniency of paying the Men their Money, as he had no Interest in the same, and some of the People are now come and claim their wages, he thinks it hard to pay so large a Sum out of his own pocket. he therefore prays your Excellency will be pleased to order an Examination into this Affair, and afford him such Relief as the Nature of the Case will admit of.

J. Knox Capt. 8th Virga Regt


Title: To George Washington from Henry Laurens, 19 November 1777
From: Laurens, Henry
To: Washington, George

Sir
york [Pa.] 19th Novemr 1777

Since I had the honour of writing to you the 13th to 15th Inst. I have received no other Commands from Congress your Excellency with except the two Inclosed Resolves.
the 15th Inst. relative to Clothing & Blankets for the Army.
the 17 Inst. for appointments to Rank in the Army the Chevalier Duportail, Messrs Du Lemoy, dela Radierre & Govion—Commissions in obedience to the Resolve are granted & the Several dates Noted on the Resolve.
A person from Philadelphia well known by the Name of John Brown was Reported to Congress yesterday by Mr Morris as having come to him with a Message from Genl Sir Wm Howe through the medium of Mr Willing to Congress—importing generally that Sir William & Lord Howe were desirous of treating for terms of Peace with Congress that every thing that ever had been expected by America (Independency as he understood excepted) would be granted & Congress Money ratified.
this Man pretends to have come through Genl Potters Camp & to have dined with the General—he had been Some eight or ten days from Philadelphia at Manheim Lancaster & other places—at Lancaster the Executive Council of this State had ordered him into Custody. he was released from confinement upon Mr Morris’s application and promise to bring him before Congress—the House Refused to see him & Resolved to remand him under Guard to the power of the State Council. I have the honour to be Sir your Excellencys Most Obt humble Servt.

P.S. Congress in this Morning Session Resolved to make a Strict enquiry into the treatment of American Soldiers & other Inhabitants of America now or late prisoners in Philadelphia, a Copy of the Resolution will be added to those above mentioned—I have been instructed by Congress to add a request to your Excellency to demand access by a proper Officer to Such prisoners as remain alive in order an effectual enquiry may be made & a Satisfactory answer as to facts returned—Congress are of opinion that the demand may be justly founded on the

precedent of Agents from the Enemy appointed on their part & permitted by Congress to visit Hessian prisoners on this Side.


Title: From George Washington to the Officers Commanding the Brigades of Generals Enoch Poor and John Paterson, 19 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Officers Commanding the Brigades of Generals Enoch Poor and John Paterson

Sir
Head Quarters [Whitemarsh, Pa.] 19th November 1777.

Instead of proceeding to Coryels Ferry which I imagine is your intended Rout, I desire you will march down as far as Trenton, and there wait my orders before you cross the River. The moment you receive this dispatch an Officer to me, to inform me where you are, when you will be at Trenton & by what Road you will march that I may send orders to meet you. Yrs &ca

P.S. If this should reach you between Flemingtown and Coryels Ferry, you are not to march towards Trenton, but cross at Coryels as first intended.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Israel Putnam, 19 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Putnam, Israel

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Whitemarsh [Pa.] 19th Novr 1777.

I am favd with yours of the 14th. I could have wished that the Regiments that I had ordered had come on, because I do not like Brigades to be broke by detatchment: The urgency of Colo. Hamiltons Letter was owing to his knowledge of our wants in this quarter, and to a certainty that there was no danger to be apprehended from New York if you sent away all the Continental Troops that were then with you and waited to replace them by those expected down the River. I cannot but say that there has been more delay in the March of the Troops than I think necessary and I could wish that in future my orders may be immediately complied with without arguing upon the propriety of them, if any accident ensues from obeying them the fault will be upon me and not upon you.
I have yet heard nothing of poors or patersons Brigades or of Colo. Chas Webbs Regiment. Learneds Brigade will be at Coryels ferry to Night or tomorrow and Lees and Jacksons Regiments arrived here this day.

Be pleased to inform me particularly of the Corps that has marched and are to march and by what Routs they are directed that I may know how to dispatch orders to meet them upon the Road if necessary. I am &c.


Title: From George Washington to Lt. Col. Samuel Smith, 19 November 1777 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Smith, Samuel

Letter not found: to Lt. Col. Samuel Smith, 19 Nov. 1777. Smith’s letter to GW of 16 Nov. is docketed in part “Answd 19th.”


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, 19 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Varnum, James Mitchell

Dear Sir
Head Quarters [Whitemarsh, Pa.] 19th Novemr 1777

In Consequences of advices recd since I wrote you last night, I have ordered Genl Huntington to march to your Assistance. You will please to direct the detatchment that went first down to Fort Mifflin under the command of Colonel Smith to return to Camp, they are in so much want of Necessaries that it is impossible for them to remain longer. Let the Militia that are with you be put in the best order that they can be, I wish they had a good Officer at their Head to arrange them properly. I am &ca.

P.S. It would not be amiss to collect all the militia you can in the Country adjacent.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, 19 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Varnum, James Mitchell

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Whitemarsh [Pa.] 19th Novemr 1777

The Gens. St Clair, Knox and Kalb returned to Camp this Evening, they are all clear in their opinions that keeping possession of the Jersey

Shore at or near Red Bank is of the last importance. I have therefore determined to make such an addition to the reinforcement that marched this morning under Genl Huntingdon, that I am in hopes you will be able to give an effectual Check to the Force which the Enemy at present have in Jersey. Genl Green will take the command of the Reinforcement—Very much will depend upon keeping possession of Fort Mercer, as to reduce it, the Enemy will be obliged to put themselves in a very disagreeable position to them and advantagious to us, upon a narrow neck of land between two Creeks, with our force pressing upon their Rear. Therefore desire Colo. Green to hold it if possible till the relief arrives. All superfluous Stores may be removed if it can be done after this reaches you, that in Case of an accident as little may fall into the hands of the Enemy as possible. While we hold the Fort it will be necessary for some of the Galleys to lay close under the Bank to keep the Enemy from making any lodgment under it and it will also secure your communication with the Water, which perhaps may be essential, for I do not remember whether there is a Well in the Works. There can be no danger to the Galleys while we keep the Bank above them and if we evacuate, if they cannot get off, they may destroy them and put the Men on shore. I have recommended this upon a supposition that they will be very servicable to you, if you do not think they will, you need not keep them.
Altho’ I am anxious to have the Fort kept, I do not mean that it should be done at all events, so as to endanger the safety of the Men without any probability of success. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, 19 November 1777
From: Varnum, James Mitchell
To: Washington, George

Haddonfield [N.J.] Novr 19th 5 P.M. 1777.

This Morning my flying Camp was removed from Woodberry, to this Place, as a more fit Situation for benefiting Red Bank. One principal Inducement was a Concurrance of Reports that the Enemy from Philadelphia were to form a Junction with those from Billings port. In w’ch Case we have a proper position for attacking the Party first mentioned, & thereby facilitate the Retreat of the Garrison over Timber Creek, w’ch, otherwise would be impracticable. My Pickets have just informed me from Manto Creek Bridge, Santon, that the Enemy moved, three Hours since, with about one Thousand towards that Bridge, but as it was taken up, which they could not fail knowing, I imagine their principal

Manœuvre was filing off from their Rear to their Right, in Order to cross five Miles above, where the Creek is easily fordible. Should this be the Case, I fear the Garrison must Retreat in the Morning. However, I am this Moment going to Red Bank, & its Vicinity to satisfy myself more fully, & consult with Colo. Greene: I am so fully of Opinion that they will bend their whole Force to get full Possession of the Jersey shore, rather than I shall recommend holding the Post longer than otherwise, thinking that you will contend with them here, in great force, rather than suffer their Points to be carried. Nevertheless, not knowing what your Result may be, I shall not suffer the Garrison to be sacrificed upon Conjecture, but continue them as Long as I can cover them.
That most of the Troops have left Philadelphia, appears, in Corroberation of your Excellencys Intelligence, by daily Deserters who come to me I have no Doubt of it, and am fully of your Opinion respecting their Intentions. I have Accounts from Billingsport, by Deserters, two of whome came to me last Night, of the sixty third Regiment, that their Force consists of three British Regiments from New York, fifty five Rank & File in a Company. I am induced to believe the Calculation true in part, as all the recruits from England have joined in New York. Some Companies of Guards, three and an half Hessian Battalions, Two Green Coats, & Preston’s Regiment of Horse. These in Addition to those before there. I have nothing more to add, but that I am sincerely, your Excellency’s most obd. Servt

J. M. Varnum

By Major Ward, I now have your favor of this Day: am much obliged for the Reinforcment proposed; but can not think much of the Militia of this part of Jersey. A Regt from the Eastern part has left us to Day, but another, larger, came to us.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 19 November 1777
From: Wayne, Anthony
To: Washington, George

Dear Genl
Two Mile Stone [Germantown Road, Pa.] 2 OClock P.M. 19th Novr ⟨1777⟩

The Light Infantry who were Encamped on the Right between third & fourth Street have Struck their tents this morning—their Picquets are drawn in—we took possession of the Advanced Redoubt made of Rails when they Vacated this day—I am just proceeding along the line to the left—they have turned out the Guards from a house near the City with a few of their Horse but don’t seem Inclined to Advance—there is no Abattes to the Right. I am Sir Yours &Ca

Anty Wayne


Title: To George Washington from Pelatiah Webster, 19 November 1777
From: Webster, Pelatiah
To: Washington, George

Philada 19th Novr 1777.

I am desired to give a State of the American Prisoners now in this City, which is as Near as I can collect as follows—I calld this day at the State house Where the Officers are confin’d (Abt 60) Saw Majr Join, Capt. Plunket & Leiut. Teagle who were Well, & Informd that their Allowance of Provisions were not half Sufficient, their fire wood Very Scant. Sometimes for Several days they had no fire. Many of them without Money And At great Distance from their Friends, that their Bedding & blankets were greatly deficient, that they had Sent in a Petition to Genl How relative to their Provisions & firing to Which they hoped An Answer but had not Recd it.
I have Tended on the American Prisoners (Privates) in the New Goal abt 400—for Abt three Weeks & Carried them Sundry Supplies of Provisions & Cloathing procured by the Charitable contributions of Sundry Inhabitants of this City. their Sufferings Are Very great Many of them already Naked, with Very little Bedding & blankets Their Allowance of Provisions by no means Sufficient, with Very little firing. the Supplies from the Inhabitants cant be of Long continuance the Scarcity & high price being really Alarming. beef 3/ @ 5/ ⅌ lb. Veal same Flour 4 @ 6 £ ⅌ hund & Very little to be bot butter 10/ ⅌ lb. & Other

things in proportion Blankets & Cloathing & firing Are Most Indispensibly Necessary to the Officers & Privates, Especially the Latter.
It Were to be Wished that Whatever Relief is Sent in to them might be directed to Some Citizen in Town Who may See it Distributed. This wod prevent Many Jealosies that Individuals do not receive the parcels or Quota Designed for them—As I am Ignorant of the Dispositions of the American Army, & know not to What department A Representation of this Sort ought to be directed. I address this Generally to Any officer of that Army, with desire that it may be Communicated to the proper Department by their Very hume Servant

Pelatiah Webster

N.B. the prisoners in the New Gaol, (privates) have Lately received Some Supplies of blankets but by no means Sufficient.


Title: General Orders, 20 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, White Marsh [Pa.] Novr 20th 1777.
Parole Burlington.C. Signs Bristol. Trenton.

Lieut. John Marshall is, by the Judge Advocate General, appointed Deputy Judge Advocate in the Army of the United States, and is to be respected as such.
James Monroe Esqr: formerly appointed an additional Aide-du-Camp to Major General Lord Stirling, is now appointed Aide-du-Camp to his Lordship, in the room of Major Wilcock who resigned, on the 20th of October last, and is to be respected as such.
Mr William Mountjoy is appointed Pay Master to the 3rd Virginia regt and is to be respected as such.
Before the sick are removed, application is always to be made to Doctor Cochran, or other director of the hospitals, for directions, unless the places to which they are to be sent have been previously pointed out in General orders—No more sick are to be sent to Buckingham meeting house.
A General Court Martial of which Lieut. Col. Barber was president, was held the 18th instant, and proceeded to the trial of Ensign Clement Wood of the 4th Jersey regiment, charged with “Absenting himself, for upwards of two months, from the regiment, without leave,” and also, with “Disobedience of orders”—The Court determined that Ensign Wood is guilty of the whole charge exhibited against him; that he be dismissed the service; and that he receive pay no longer than the time when he received orders from Lieut: Col. Brearly to join his regiment, which was on the 14th of October 1777—The Commander in Chief approves the sentence, and orders it to be put in execution immediately.
A General Court Martial of which Major General Sullivan was president, was held on the 3rd instant, and on divers other days, to the 17th instant inclusively, for the trial of Major General Stephen, charged with—“1st Unofficerlike behaviour on the march from the Clove—2nd Unofficerlike behaviour in the actions at Brandywine and Germantown—3rd Drunkenness”—The Court declared their opinion and sentence as follows—“The Court having considered the charges against Major General Stephen, are of opinion, that he is guilty of unofficerlike behaviour, in the retreat from Germantown, owing to inattention,

or want of judgement; and that he has been frequently intoxicated since in the service, to the prejudice of good order and military discipline; contrary to the 5th article of the 18th Section of the articles of war—Therefore sentence him to be dismissed the service—The Court find him not guilty of any other crimes he was charged with, and therefore acquit him, as to all others, except the two before mentioned.” The Commander in Chief approves the sentence.


Title: To George Washington from Captain Charles Craig, 20 November 1777
From: Craig, Charles
To: Washington, George

Sir
Frankford [Pa.] 3 oClock [c.20 November 1777]

I have delay’d writing in expectation of hearing something new from the City, but nothing has Transpired since I had the Honour of Adressing Your Excellency.
Every Account Confirms the enemys haveing but very few men in the City at present, I shall embrace the earliest oppertunity of Communicateing any fa⟨rther⟩ intellegence. I have the Honour to be Yr Excellencys Most Obt Servt

C. Craig


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Hugh Hughes, 20 November 1777
From: Hughes, Hugh
To: Washington, George

Kennedy’s, 3 Miles from Peekskill Landing [N.Y.]20th November 1777
Sir,

Agreeable to my Promise, in General McDougall’s, which I expect your Excellency is acquainted with by this Time, I am with Col. Hamilton, who I find very ill of a nervous Fever, the Event of which the Doctrors say is altogether uncertain, but rather think the Prospect in his Favour.
He is well supplied with Hospital Stores from the Fishkill, and I have taken Care that other Necessaris are furnish’d.
One or other of the Gentlemen of the Faculty is constantly with him, and sometimes more, which is the Case at present. Doctr Eustis & Holmes being both here.
At Times he has been a little delirious, but not so now.
The Doctors have blister’d him with some Success, as he seems to be relievd in some Measure this Morning.
It is now eight Days, at least, since he was taken ill.
I expect to return in two or three Days from the Plains, and shall pay the utmost Attention to his Situation Rank and Merit.
An excellent Nurse is provided, and the House is good, tho’ the People not the most eligible.
One of our Department just now informs me that a Ship & Galley are in Sight of Kingsferry. I intend to apply for a Guard as soon as I can see the General, for we have no Troops at this Post, and, if the Ships come up, a Party may be sent on Shore and carry the Colonel off, as they will undoubtedly be informd of his Situation. I am, with the greatest Respect, your Excellency’s most Obdnt and very Humble Sevt

Hugh Hughes


Title: To George Washington from Richard Henry Lee, 20–22 November 1777
From: Lee, Richard Henry
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir,
York [Pa.] 20th[–22] November 1777

I have no doubt of being excused by you for not sooner answering your favor of the 24th last, when you are informed that my ill state of health has prevented me from attending as I ought, to the important matter it contains. I gave Mr Jones the letter, that he might inform Congress of such parts as it imported the public they should be acquainted with. As it appeared by the letters of Gen. Mifflin that he objected only to serve in the Quartermasters department, that his health was returning, and that he was willing to continue his aid to the public cause, Congress appointed him one of the Commissioners of the new Board, because he is competent to the right discharge of its duties, because that would best suit his valetudinary state, and as shewing a just sense of his uniform, vigorous, and well founded patriotism. I have strong hopes, that by the skill and industry of this new Board, and from the right execution of business in that important department, you will in future find great relief. Gen. Conway has not lately been mentioned in Congress, nor’ has there been much talk of an Adjutant General, since it is not certainly known whether Colo. Pickering will accept ⟨h⟩is new appointment. Mr Flemmings character stands very fair, and so far as I am able to judge, would answer well in this commission. You will see in the inclosed what Mr Sergeant says of him. General Mifflin has proposed a plan for the Quartermaster department that appears judicious, and well fitted to answer the purpose of good service and œconomy at the same time. He would divide this department into its military and civil branches, the former to be filled by a person well qualified to discharge its duties, and the latter, again to be divided into Commissaries of Teams, of Forage, of Tents &c. &c. to be governed in their purchases by estimates from the Quarter Master general who is to touch no money but a moderate tho sufficient salary.
It [is] unfortunately too true, that our enemies pay little regard to good faith, or any obligations of justice and humanity; which renders the convention of Saratoga a matter of great moment, and it is also, as you justly observe, an affair of infinite delicacy. The undoubted advantage they will take, even of the appearance of infraction on our part, and the American Character, which is concerned in preserving its faith inviolate, covers this affair with difficulties, and proves the disadvantage we are under in conducting war against an old, corrupt, and powerful people who having much credit and influence in the world will venture on things that would totally ru⟨in⟩ the reputation of young and rising communities like ours. The English however, were not to blame in the business of Closter Seven. That convention was left incomplete by the

Commanders who made it. Twas stipulated particularly that the Court of Versailles must ratify, and that within a certain time, which was not done until long after the time was elapsed, and before which ratification the Troops of Hanover had returned to arms. Upon this occasion the good faith of England is not impeached. It is greatly to be regretted that the situation of your Army unfits it for vigorous action, because it is very obvious that the enemies possession of Philadelphia this winter and the ensuing spring may produce consequences extensively injurious. You well know Sir, how weak and divided the people of this State are from various causes. Those of Delaware are still worse. In this condition, with the infinite arts of our enemies, pushed up almost to the center of the above governments, and aided by the powerful means of supplying the wants fanciful and real of the people with all kinds of European goods and Salt, it will be no great matter of surprize if we were to find a total revolution in Pennsylvania and Delaware. Add to this, the ill condition of our finances which totter upon every seeming success of the enemy. It is not to be supposed, that where so much is at stake, G. Britain will fail to make most potent efforts to recover her honor and prevent her ruin. Upon this ground we may expect considerable reinforcements, and early as possible in the spring. With an Army much strengthened, Gen. Howe may effect purposes dangerous to America. It happens too, unluckily for us, that in order to support the credit of our money, the several States must of necessity impose large and immediate Taxes. This is the most delicate and difficult of all government operations even in old and undisturbed States. Yet it is unavoidable, and Congress have pressingly requested that it may be quickly and extensively entered upon.
It was most evident to discerning men that the change in the Commissariate, at the time it was adopted would produce most mischievous consequences, yet such was the rage of reformation that no endeavors to prevent the evil could avail, and now I feel the most anxious solicitude for fear the consequences may disperse our army even in face of the enemy. A Committee is appointed to confer with the Commissary general and to try what can be done to avert the evil. I wish they may be fortunate enough to hit upon a remedy. That there should be a want of flour amazes me and proves great want of attention in the Commissary Gen. because I well know that any quantity might have been got in Virginia at a reasonable price. By our last dispatches from the West Indies, it would seem as if a war between France & England was inevitable, unless the meanness of the latter should restore all her Captures made from the former without the limits prescribed by treaty, and which have been made under authority of an Act of Parliament. But the royal spleen against America is such, that every consideration falls

before the wish to Subjugate this free country. Yet Mr Bingham mentions that the ministerial writings are calculated to rouse the national resentment against France. If so, tis evident they want to set Europe on fire that the smoke may cover them from the eyes of their injured country. Mr Carmichael writes that Dr Lee was returning to Paris from Berlin, having finished his business successfully at the Prussian Court, & Mr Bingham says ’tis certain that the King of Prussia has opened his Ports to the United States, and that Portugal has deserted the interest of England, and acceeded to the family compact. This is all good news, and will I hope furnish employment quickly for our unprincipled enemies.
My ill state of health will compel me to return home in a few days, where I shall continue ardently to pray for your health and success. I am dear Sir affectionately yours

Richard Henry Lee


Title: To George Washington from Captain Allen McLane, 20 November 1777
From: McLane, Allen
To: Washington, George

Sr,
Dickeson house Novr 20th 1777

Intiligence this day agree that the Enemy have but few Troops in the City its Currently reported that our people have avaceuated Red bank last night. this Evening I Fell in with one Thornton as he was Going to his Family near the lines he is a Clark to the Gallys & Left them this morning in Bristol he left the river opposite red Bank this morning at 3 oClock he thinks that the Fort was then in our Posission and that Our people had receivd Intilligence that their was a reinforcement Comeing to their assistance he saw last Tuesday a Great Body of the Enemy Cross over province Island to Billingport this day the Enemy’s advance Sentrys Consist of horse and they are on a line From deloway to Schuylkill distance about one & half miles From the City no Picquits of foot hes discoverd this day outside their lines this Evening I heard a smart fire of small Arms for about one Minute it appeard to be Accross the Delaway towards Cooper’s ferry Inclosd you have a few lines from the same person that sent the last this morning one Thomas Smith of my party deserted to the Enemy he was one of the Sixth Maryland regiment has many of my party are Bare of Cloaths & desire to be reliefe, if his Excellency thinks propper I will be prepard to receive the relief

in German Town to morrow Evening. I remain Your Excellency Humble servt at Comd

Allen McLane


Title: From George Washington to the Militia of Certain New Jersey Counties, 20 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Militia of Certain New Jersey Counties

Freinds and Fellow Soldiers
[Whitemarsh, Pa., 20 November 1777]

The Enemy have thrown a considerable Force into your State, with intent to possess themselves of the post at Red Bank, and after clearing the obstructions in Delaware, make incursions into your Country.
To prevent them from effecting either of these purposes, I have sent over such a number of Continental Troops as I trust will, with the spirited exertions of the Militia, totally defeat their designs, and oblige them to return to the City and Suburbs of Philadelphia, which is the only ground they possess upon the Pennsylvania Shore, and in which they cannot subsist, if cut off from the supplies of the plentiful State of New Jersey.
I therefore call upon you, by all that you hold dear, to rise up as one man, and rid your Country of its unjust invaders. To convince you that this is to be done, by a general appearance of all its Freemen armed and ready to give them opposition, I need only to put you in mind of the effect it had upon the British Army in June last, who laid aside their intention of marching through the upper part of your State, upon seeing the hostile manner in which you were prepared to receive them. Look also at the glorious effects which followed that Spirit of Union which appeared among our Brethren of New York and New England, who, by the brave assistance which they afforded to the Continental Army, obliged a royal one flushed with their former Victories to sue for Terms, and lay down their Arms in the most submissive manner.
Reflect upon these things, and I am convinced that every Man who can bear a Musket, will take it up, and without respect to turn or Class

give his Service in the Feild for a few Weeks, perhaps only for a few days. I am Your sincere Freind and Countryman

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General John Paterson, 20 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Paterson, John

Sir
Head Quarters [Whitemarsh, Pa.] 20th November 1777.

I yesterday wrote you a Letter with conditional directions relative to your march: Upon receipt of this, you will proceed by the way of Coryels Ferry and join this army as expeditiously as possible. I am Sir Your most obedt Servt.
If in consequence of the order given yesterday you should have filed off towards Trenton—you may continue that Rout but in that case you will dispatch a Messenger to give me notice of it—I shall probably be found at the Crooked Billet.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Enoch Poor, 20 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Poor, Enoch

Sir
Head Quarters [Whitemarsh, Pa.] 20th November 1777.

Upon receipt of this you are to direct your march towards this Army, and to be as expeditious as possible in forming a Junction. I am &ca.
If in consequence of yesterdays orders you should have field off towards Trenton—continue that Rout and give me notice of it by a Messenger—he will probably find me at the Crooked Billet.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General James Potter, 20 November 1777
From: Potter, James
To: Washington, George

Sir
Novr 20th 1777

I am under the disagreeble needsesity of Informing your Excelancey that on the eighteenth Instant one of my picquats that Consisted of 1 Capt. 2 Subs. 50 privits had 28 privits 1 Liut. and 2 Sargt taken prisners and 3 wounded as to the perticgulars I Refare you to General Cedwaleter. I am S. your excelancys Humble Servant

Ja’s Potter


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, 20 November 1777
From: Varnum, James Mitchell
To: Washington, George

Sir
Haddonfield [N.J.] 20th Novr 11 A.M. 1777

Upon my Arrival at Red Bank last Evening, I found that Colo. Greene had recd the same Acct wch I mentioned to your Excellency in my Letter of Yesterday; he was farther informed that the Enemy were actually crossing the Ford, In Consequence, he had given Orders for an Evacuation. The Powder, by Capt. Duplissis, was strewed over the Fort—Hower, upon an Apprehension that your Excellency might make a great Effort to save it, the Garrison agreed to remain; Hoping to take up the scattered Powder by Day Light. Immediately they were alarmed by the rowing of many Boats near the Shore. This changed the Scene and induced us to bring off the Men, leaving a strong rear Guard to fire upon the Boats. Upon the Approach of this Party the Boats retired. This caused a diversity of Opinions at first, But, it was finally the prevailing Sentiment, that the Boats retiring was a feint to draw the Attention
 of the Garrison, & lull them into Security ’till a party from the Ford should throw themselves between Timer Creek and the Fort. From these Consideration, added to a dismal Circumstance that the firing a single Musket in the Garrison would blow it up, or the busting of a single Shell, it was concluded to take away the Men, leaving a small Number to set Fire in Case of Necessity, and trust to their Fate. We have bro’t off many Stores, A large Number of Waggons have gone this Morning for the same Purpose. I believe the Possission will be ours ’till we can get away everything valuable, except the heavy Cannon Or ’till a strong Force might be again sent in. I am now ascertained the Enemy’s Reason for not attacking us here before. By a Young Gentleman, who left Philadelphia last Evening, It appears that General Howe imagined there was a very large Force in New Jersey, commanded by Genl Greene. He has therefore ordered all the Grenadiers down, with some other Troops, to join Genl Willson. Lord Conwallis commands the whole. It is given out that they will take Red Bank or sacrifice their whole Army. This Young Gentleman farther adds, that he verily believes there are not to exceed one Thousand Men in Philadelphia. ½ past 12. Your Excellency Favor of Yesterday is delivered to me. We shall send some Men into the Fort. The Gallies have gone past Philadelphia. I cannot think the Enemy will attempt the Force, after being once convinced that we are equal or superior to them in the Field. Should General Greene arrive before they attack, & have sufficient Force to move on Manto Creek, they must fight us, before they make any other Attempt. If we beat them, Billingsport, as well as red Bank will be ours; Should they possess themselves of Red Bank previous to General Greene’s Arrival, that will not prevent an Action, as the Fort will contain but few Men, And, in the Result, will be his who conquers in the Field. I am, your Excellency’s most obt Servant

J. M. Varnum.


Title: Orders to Ephraim Blaine, 21 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Blaine, Ephraim

[Whitemarsh, Pa., 21 November 1777]

To Colonel Ephraim Blaine Deputy Commissary General of Purchases &c.—
Whereas large supplies of wheat and Flour are wanted for the use of the Army under my command, you are to repair immediately to the State of Jersey and use every prudent possible exertion to procure such quantities as may be Necessary for the purpose above mentioned paying for the same a Just and Generous price.
it is hoped and expected that you will find no difficulty in the execution of this business—However if there should be any holders of these Articles who from base and sordid principles demand an exorbitant and unwarrentable price for the same, you are authorizd in case you canot agree to take them giving Certificates for the Quantities you receive to be paid for agreable to the prices and regulations that may be fixd on by the Assembly of the said State. Given at Head Quarters at White Marsh this 21st day of Novr 1777.

G: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 21 November 1777
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

Dr Sir
Burlington [N.J.] 5 oClock P.M. Nov. 21. 1777

General Varnum this moment acquaints me that fort Mercer was evacuated last evening. Comodore Hasselwood informs me also that the greater part if not all the fleet except the thirteen Gallies were burnt this morning; one or two of the smallest vessels attempted to pass the city and could not effect it, one was set on fire and one other fell into the enemies hands owing to the matches going out—the People made their escape—My division arrivd on the other side of the river about ten this morning but the want of scows to get over the Waggons will prevent our marching until the morning the greater part of the Night if not the whole will be employd in geting over the baggage & artillery.
General Varnum has retreated to mount Holly I purpose to see him and General Huntington early in the morning if it is practicable to make an attack upon the enemy it shall be done; but I am afraid the enemy will put it out of my power as they can so easily make us take such a circuitous march by takeing up the bridge over timber creek. I cannot promise any thing until I learn more of the designs of the enemy their strength and the position they are in—If it is possible to make an attack upon em with a prospect of success it shall be done.
Col. Shrieve was with me this afternoon about turning out the Militia—I wish he may succeed, but from the temper of the People there appears no great prospect. I have heard nothing from General Glovers brigade—I hope Col. Morgans Corps of light troops will be on in the morning and Capt. Lees troop of light Horse.
The fleet are greatly disgusted at the reflections thrown out against the officers; the Comodore thinks the Officers are greatly injurd, he asserts they did their duty faithfully. I am with great respect Your Excellences most Obedient Servt

N. Greene

N.B. The Comodore this momt informs me there is three sloops & a Brigg past safe by the city.


Title: From George Washington to Francis Hopkinson, 21 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Hopkinson, Francis

Sir
Head Quarters [Whitemarsh, Pa.] 21st Novemr 1777

I am favd with yours of the 14th inclosing a letter for the Revd Mr Duché. I will endeavour to forward it to him, but I imagine it will never be permitted to reach his Hands.
I confess to you, that I was not more surprized than concerned, at receiving so extraordinary a letter from Mr Duché, of whom, I had entertained the most favorable opinion, and I am still willing to suppose, that it was rather dictated by his fears, than by his real Sentiments; But, I very much doubt, whether the great numbers of respectable characters, in the State and Army, upon whom he has bestowed the most unprovoked and unmerited abuse, will ever attribute it to the same cause, or forgive the Man, who has artfully endeavoured to engage me to sacrifice them, to purchase my own safety.
I never intended to have made the letter more public, than by laying it before Congress. I thought this a duty which I owed to myself, for had any accident have happened to the Army intrusted to my command, and it had ever afterwards have appeared that such a letter had been wrote to, and received by me, might it not have been said that I had in consequence of it, betrayed my Country? and would not such a Correspondence if kept a secret have given good Grounds for the suspicion.
I thank you for the favorable Sentiments which you are pleased to express of me, and I hope no act of mine will ever induce you to alter them. I am Sir Your most obt Servant

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Thomas Nelson, Jr., 21–22 November 1777
From: Nelson, Thomas Jr.
To: Washington, George

My Dear General
Williamsburg Novr 21st[–22] 1777

I had the pleasure of receiving your favor of the 8th Instant yesterday and should have answerd it by post had not Colo. Gist inform’d me

that he intended to set out for Camp in a day or two; by him therefore you will receive this Letter.
Our Assembly have been sitting near four Weeks and I cannot say they have done any thing of consequence within Doors, ’tho’ I am in hopes the business has been so much forwarded, by the industry of the Members without; that when the weighty matters come on, they will meet with dispatch—The business of providing a supply for public exegencies has taken up several days in Committee of the House, and draws near a conclusion. As soon as that is finish’d, You may be assur’d, that I will push, with my utmost exertions, to have the Regiments compleated; but to be candid I really am at a loss to know in what manner that can best be done; for the last plan adopted by the Assembly, of drafting in the manner there proposd, has been productive of much evil and little good, many of those drafted being unfit for service, or free Mulattoes and Negroes, as it was generally thought they could best be spar’d. This I think exceedingly unjust, because these poor Wretches, after they have risk’d their lives, & perhaps may have contributed to save America, will not be entitled to the priviledges of Freemen. In some instances the most infamous Tories have been drafted to punish them, without considering whether such were proper or not.
It would afford me pleasure to be able to give you some assurance, that those Soldiers who will join you, will be properly cloath’d; but that Article is as scarce with us, unless it be what is provided for the State Troops, as it can be at Camp.
I well know the impropriety of divulging the Number of your Army, but believe me my Dear sir, if one or other of your intimates could sometimes be inform’d of this matter, it would frequently be attended with great good. I have myself rested quite satisfied, from the information, of those who pretended to be acquainted with this circumstance, that your Numbers have been greatly superior to the Enemy, when Events have prov’d the assertion false; however relying upon that as fact, I have felt more indifference with respect to further exertions, than I should otherways have done, and this I concieve may have been the case with many of your other friends.
If there be any impropriety in this observation, pardon it, and attribute it to the true Motive, a desire to serve you.
The Noble opposition made by our Forts, upon the Delaware, will astonish the whole World. Destroying a British 64 Gun Ship and repulsing a large Body of Hessians with a few Men from a small Fort will have a powerful effect in Europe, particularly at White Hall. Pray inform me who commands at Red Bank & Fort Mifflin. I toast them daily as Commandants without knowing their Names. I am My Dear General with affectionate esteem Your obedt Servt

Thos Nelson jr

22d I am just inform’d by Colo. Aylet, that there is an arrival at Portsmouth of a most valuable Cargo of Necessaries for the Soldiery, such as Cloths, Blankets, Stockings &ca which I shall endeavor to prevail upon the House to have forwarded with all expedition to the Northward.

T.N.Jr.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, 21 November 1777
From: Varnum, James Mitchell
To: Washington, George

Sir
Mount Holley [N.J.] 21st Novr 1777.

Last Evening Fort Mercer was evacuated. Some of the Shipping burnt this Morning. Most of the Stores bro’t safely off. The Enemy, part at Billingsport, part between Manto & Timber Creeks, and some at Fort Mercer. We have moved to this Place as the first safe Position on Account of the Creeks. From Hence, we can move by the Head of the Creeks, go down upon the Enemy, secure both our Flanks, by the Creeks, and by the same means, secure a Retreat in Case of Disaster. It is a fit Situation for making a Junction of the respective Cors; Genl Huntington has already joined me. Genl Greene is at Burlington. The Militia amount to Twelve Hundred. Three Hundred here, Seven Hundred at Haddonfield; I have ordered them here, but am just told they dont like the Manœuvre. Two Hundred at Coopers Ferry & Gloucester: They are to join. With the Great Force you have ordered, we shall be superior, I believe, to the Enemy in the Field. We have the Advantage by being at the Head of the Creeks; & it is my firm Sentiment, we ought & shall attack them to Advantage. The Success of that Manœuvre, as I mentioned before, will determine the Possession of the Forts. I am Sir, your Excellency’s most obdt humble Servant.

J. M. Varnum.


Title: General Orders, 22 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head-Quarters, White Marsh [Pa.] Nov: 22nd 1777.
Parole ChesterC. Signs Danbury. Easton.

The General Court Martial of the line, of which Colonel Grayson is president, is to sit to morrow morning at nine o’clock, at the house where General Huntington quartered, for the trial of all prisoners which shall be brought before them—An orderly serjeant from each brigade is to attend the court—Lt Col. Heth—Lt Col. Becker and Major Taylor, and a captain from each Continental brigade present, are to compose the members of the court.
All the General Officers present in camp are desired to meet at Lord Stirling’s quarters, to morrow at 10 o’clock in the forenoon, to settle the ranks of the Field Officers of horse, who are to attend this board and exhibit their respective claims.
The brigades commanded by Generals Paterson, and Learned, are to form one division under Major General The Baron De Kalb.
After Orders. The Commander in Chief offers a reward of Ten dollars, to any person who shall, by nine o’clock on Monday morning, produce the best substitute for shoes, made of raw hides—The Commissary of hides is to furnish the hides, and the Major General of the day is to judge of the essays, and assign the reward to the best artist.
Col. Martin of North Carolina having resigned his Commission, the eldest officer of that corps now present is to command it.
The troops just arrived from the northward, are immediately to have their Cartouch Boxes filled with cartridges—The whole army to have their ammunition in such readiness as to be completed to 40 rounds, at a moment’s warning, where they have waggons to secure that quantity from the weather, and officers and men to be in camp, that they may be ready to act on the shortest notice.


Title: To George Washington from Major John Clark, Jr., 22 November 1777
From: Clark, John Jr.
To: Washington, George

Mr Rees’s [Philadelphia County, Pa.] 22d Novr 1777 10 oClock A.M.
sir

This will inform you one of my Spies has this moment come to me from Philadelphia, he delivered the Dispatches to Sr Wm & has been through his Army says those remaining at Philadelphia do not exceed 5000, the Soldiers much fatigued & grumble at the severe duty they are obliged to do & are exceedingly averse to the service their Redoubts have from two to three Feild pieces in each, in front at the distance of seventy Yards, they have abattis from the Schuylkill to Delaware, made of the Apple Trees collected from the different Orchards near the City, the Hessians are encamped on the right, the Grenadiers, on the left, light Infantry & Scotch in the Centre, a few Hessians & one Battalion of the seventy first ly near the Middle Ferry, they are exceeding watchful of the Inhabitants; if they discover three or four of them talking together, they order them to disperse, & converse very little with them—they Troops have plenty of salt provisions & are badly cloathed.
Yesterday afternoon, I did myself the honor to wait on the Enemy with a Flag at the Middle Ferry. I was politely recieved by Captn Baum a relation of Lieut. Col: Baum a Hessian Officer at their advanced Centry, who insisted on my going down to the Ferry where he was quartered, which I accepted Major Brigade Erskine met me at the Ferry & I gave him the Letter to Mrs Budden & some Money, which he assured me he wou’d immediately forward her, they informed me Lord Cornwallis was in possession of Red bank & had burnt some of our Vessells in the River—A few Young Scotch Officers of the seventy first asked

me some impertinent questions to which I gave a impertinent answer, one thing I must not omit telling you as I think it will afford you a laugh—I walked to the Ferry & viewed the Bridge, their Encampment, and Redoubts, without molestation; when I was coming away, the Hessian Officer told me he was sorry he had received Orders to blindfold me—I replied ’twas customary & gave him my Handkerchief to do it He tied rather loose & it being very thin Gauze my sight was not much obstructed I was led about six Rod, & then permitted to take of my Handkerchief—They have a Captain’s Guard at the Ferry, consisting of about 30 Men, the Troops are encamped from Governor Penns House along the Common, towards Kensington—appear’d very busy in the Evening—were making a great noise—on the Hill above the Middle Ferry towards the City on each side the Road they have a Battery, to the right of the road a little below the Stables built by the Continent they have a two Gun Battery, without any Cannon it commands the Ferry on this side in flank, they have on this side the Schuylkill a small circular redoubt for Musketry flanked on each side by a House with a few Apple Trees in form of an Abbatti—I am told they have a Picket at Mr Bob Morris’s House up Schuylkill a little way from the upper Ferry—on what is called the Rich Road, another at Mr Richd Wister’s House, in front of which there is a small Redoubt, his Orchard is also cut down & converted into an Abatti & his Barn levelled to the Ground—I have information that some persons employed by me have waited on you with intelligence agreeable to my directions I shou’d be glad to know if it’s true—Day before Yesterday I wrote to you & informed a Person wou’d call on you Yesterday as he was to leave the City for that purpose—If a Mr Irvine shou’d call on you soon (or has done it already) with intelligence from the City you may rely on it—The Person first mentioned in this Letter who has just arrived is very intelligent & been employed a considerable time by me. I am in the greatest haste Your Excellency’s Most Obedt Humble servt

Jno. Clark Junr

P.S. We hear a Cannonading at red bank the Enemy in the City are afraid of an Attack this you may rely on.

J.C.

I am now going a reconnatring—I think Trees ought to be lopp’d across all the Roads on this side, ’twou’d have obstructed His Lordships march very much had it been done e’er this.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Nathanael Greene, 22 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

Dear Sir
Head Quarters Whitemarsh [Pa.] 22d November 1777

I am favd with yours of Yesterday Afternoon from Burlington. As you have crossed the River, an attack upon the Enemy’s detachment if it can be made with success, would be a most desirable object. But I must leave the propriety of it entirely to your own judgment. I have heard nothing more of Glovers Brigade than that they were advancing down the Road from Morris Town; I sent an Express to meet them, and to turn them down towards you, but I think you had better dispatch one of your family or an Officer to guide them to you. There are not more than one hundred and Seventy of Morgan’s Corps fit to march, as they

in general want Shoes, they went Yesterday and will join you I suppose this day. Captn Lee’s Troop are not yet come from the other Side of Schuylkill, but they are expected every instant, and will be sent immediately over to you. If you can procure any account that you think may be depended upon, of the Number that the Enemy detached from Philada, I beg you will send it to me. Or if they send any part of their force back, let me know it instantly. I shall be anxious to hear of every movement of you or the Enemy and I therefore wish to have the most constant advices. I am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt.

P.S. I shall order an Express to be stationed at Bristol to bring on your dispatches.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 22 November 1777
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

Dr Sir
Mount Holly [N.J.] Novr 22d 1777.

I came to this Place yesterday morning—the Difficulty of crossing the Baggage over the River prevented it’s coming up last night. The Boats & Scows at Burlington are under very bad Regulations—Gen. Varnum had retreated as I wrote your Excellency before to this place—He left a Party of Militia at Haddonfield; I am afraid there has a very considerable Quantity of Stores fallen into the Enemies Hands, but principally belonging to the Fleet. The Enemy and the Militia had a small Skirmish at little Timbercreek Bridge, the Enemy crossed there in the Afternoon & encamped. They say they are going to take Post at Haddonfield to cover the lower Counties & open a Market from thence; Those Counties are some of the most fertile in the State from whence great Quantities of Provisions can be drawn—A large Number of Boats went up to Philadelphia from the Shiping yesterday Morning—there were some Soldiers on board of them.
Colo. Morgans Corps of Light Infantry advanced this Morning for

Haddonfield—If the Troops can be got in Readiness I intend to put the whole in Motion this afternoon. We are greatly distrest for want of a Party of Light Horse—I must beg your Excellency to forward some as soon as possible.
I have heard nothing from Glover’s Brigad⟨e.⟩ I sent an Express to the commanding Officer yesterday—but from the present Situation of things I beleive it will be best not to wait their coming up.
Every Piece of Intelligence necessary for my Information with Regard to the Movement of the Enemy in the City, I must intreat your Excellency to forward to me by Express.
Colo. Shreeve will attempt to turn out the Militia, but the Commissary’s Departme⟨nt⟩ is in such a bad Situation & the People so unwilling to furnish Supplies—that it will be difficult to subsist a large Body.
A considerable Body of light Horse would be very useful here.
Your Excellency’s Letter of the 22d Inst. is just come to Hand. You have in this, all the Intelligence which I have received. I am with the greatest Respect your Excellency’s Obdt Servant.

Nath. Greene


Title: From George Washington to Major General Nathanael Greene, 22 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

Dear Sir
Head Quarters [Whitemarsh, Pa.] 22d November 1777.

I have received your Letter of this days date—it does not appear from any account worthy of credit—that any part of the Detachment

which cross’d the Delaware under Lord Cornwallis has return’d to Philadelphia. I am inclined therefore to wish that you would advance to meet it as much in force as possible—and that for this purpose you would use every means to hasten the junction of Glover’s Brigade.
I am at a loss to account by what mistake Capt. Lees Troop is not with you, that was originally intended for the Service you mention as it was esteemed the best calculated for it—as a party of horse appears so essential—that or some other will be order’d to join you immediately. I am Sir Your hble Servt.
By an Officer from Glovers Brigade I was informed that it reached Morris Town the evening of the 20th I sent a message by him to urge them forward and have reason to think they are by this time in Your Neighborhood.


Title: To George Washington from Henry Laurens, 22 November 1777
From: Laurens, Henry
To: Washington, George

Sir
York [Pa.] 2[2]th Novemr 1777

The last I had the honour of writing to you was dated the 19th. Your Excellency’s Letter of the 17th in which was inclosed Copy of a paper from Mr Zantzinger & a Return of deficiencies in Clothing for the Army came Since to hand & have been presented to Congress—& by their order Committed to the Board of War & Treasury from whence no Reports have yet come up, I am thereby left without Instruction for making the necessary reply.
My present business is to forward to Your Excellency under this Cover an Act of Congress of the 20th Inst. for appointing Commissioners for Indian affairs in the Western Frontier, & for divers other matters the last of which is a request that Your Excellency will Send Colo. William Crawford to pittsburgh to receive Orders from General Hand. I have the honour to be with every respectful Sentiment &ca.


Title: To George Washington from Captain Allen McLane, 22 November 1777
From: McLane, Allen
To: Washington, George

Sir
[c.22 November 1777]

At, the request of Number, of able bodied, young men, that lives about the lines and is out of Imployment I take this liberty of Informing Yr Excellency that they express a desire of forming themselves in a Company and acting Under your Exclency direction for one Month if your Excellency thinks proper to Incourage this perposial, It might attend, to Cut of all Communication wh the Assistance of a lessor part, of Yr Excelency troops that is now on duty, for that purpose I wait your Excellency Answer, And, Remain Your, Humble servt

Allen McLane


Title: From George Washington to Captain Allen McLane, 22 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: McLane, Allen

Sir
Head Quarters [Whitemarsh, Pa.] 22d November 1777

I have this moment received your Letter containing the Proposals of some of the Inhabitants near the Enemys Lines—I will undoubtedly accept their Offers of Service provided they give in a list of their names, and engage to be under the absolute command for the time specified of such Officer as I shall appoint—this precaution is necessary, for otherwise they may receive the Public Money without performing the Duty expected of them. I am Your humble Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Colonel David Mason, 22 November 1777
From: Mason, David
To: Washington, George

Sir
Head Quarters W[illiam] sburg Novr 22d 1777

When I Last did myself the Honour of writing to you I had the Most Sanguine hopes of having all our New Regiments Compleat & the Old Ones Greatly increased, I cannot but Lament that I have been too

Greatly Deceived and I fear it is owing to the Remissness of Many of our Militia Officers, who Regardless of the Duty they owe to their Country & themselves and Posterity Disregard all the Dutys of their Offices, & suffer Much the Greater part of the Draughts to Escape. to Remedy that Inconvenience I have Represented the Matter to the Assembly it is to be Considered next Tuesday & I Have hopes that Such Steps will be taken as will Secure the Troops we have a right to Expect, The Number of Draughts & new recruits I am not able to give Your Excellency any Accurate Account of, having Required from the Different County Lieutenants an Account of the Number Draughted as well as an Account from the Recruiting Officers of the Numbers Raised by the Militia & also inlisted by sd Officers in this as well as the other Accounts I have but a Partial return I am happy Enough to have it in my Power to inform Your Excellency that Many of the Deserters Have Availed themselves of the Proffered Pardon offered them by me with Your Permission. I am Also Dr Gnl to Acquaint You that there are at Present on the Eastern Shore by the Best Accounts I can get forty or more who have Deserted from the 9th Regiment, they Allege that they were Recruited with a Promise to Remain in that Quarter & not to go out of the Government, One or two of the Gentlemen of the Council have been with me & Say they think the Officers had Some such Instructions, Colo. Savage from the Eastern Shore who is now a Member in Assembly Assures me he Knows the People were Promised to be Stationed in that Quarter & not to Remove out of the State, He also as well as Colo. Nathl Gist and some Other Officers tells me that the People are Ready & willing to Engage to serve Three Years in this State if Your Excellency will please to Excuse them for whats Past. I Have Promised to Acqt You of this Matter and shall be Happy to be Hond with Your Instructions on that as well as all Other Matters, I am also to Acqt You that the Number of Deserters who are taken & Brot to me at this place, I am at a Loss what to do with them to try them & to Convict them of it & to Put their Sentences into Execution might have a Bad Tendency I woud be much Obliged to You for Your advice in that Particular, I think I Mentioned in my Last to you that a Certain John Moore of the fourth Regiment. That he is Under Sentence to be Shot for Desertion that considering Your Distant Situation & Perplexity of Business, I had Sent a Copy of the Proceedings to the Hone the Congress but have not had any Instructions from them Relative to the Unhappy Man, That Heaven may Preserve You & Restore You to the Bosom of Your Friends & Country Men is the Constant wish of him who has the Honr to be Sir Your Excellency Most Obedt Humble Servant

David Mason Colo. 15th Va Regt


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General James Mitchell Varnum, 22 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To: Varnum, James Mitchell

Sir,
Hd Qrs [Whitemarsh, Pa.] 22d Novr 1777

I have received your favors of 20 & 21st Inst. by this Express I shall write to Majr Genl Greene from whom you will receive your Instructions respecting your Operations on that shore.
I am at a loss to determine upon what Principle the Powder was strew’d over the fort at Red bank as I expected that if an Evacuation was found necessary it might be brought off & if that was impracticable I conceived the best mode of destroying it was to throw it into the River unless it was determined to blow up the Works with it which could never be effected by the mode which was adopted.
As the destruction of the Fort would naturally accompany the idea of being Obliged to Abandon it, I shall be much disappointd if I hear it has just been executed. I &c. &c.

G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Brig. Gen. Anthony Wayne, 22 November 1777 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Wayne, Anthony

Letter not found: to Brig. Gen. Anthony Wayne, 22 Nov. 1777. A two-page letter in the writing of GW’s aide-de-camp Tench Tilghman and signed by GW was sold in 1935. It reads in part: “Altho’ it is not probable that the Enemy would give us notice of their intentions, I do not think it will be amiss to be in readiness. I would therefore have you put your Division under Arms by day Break and I will direct General Sullivan to do the same, if there is the least move below, our patrolls of Horse will give us notice time enough to be in Germantown before they can do much mischief. . . . See Gen’l Sullivan this Evening and fix the plan and time with him” (American Book-Prices CurrentAmerican Book-Prices Current. New York, 1895–2004., vol. 41 [1935], 668).


Title: General Orders, 23 November 1777
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, White Marsh [Pa.] Novemr 23rd 1777.
Parole Greenwich.C. Signs Hartford. Leicester.

The Court of enquiry held the 18th inst: of which Col. Humpton was president, to inquire into the conduct of Col. Price of the 2nd Maryland regiment report as follows—“The Court after considering the evidences that appeared, are of opinion, that the reports circulating to the prejudice of Col. Thomas Price are without the least foundation.”
The General Court Martial of the line ordered to sit to day, is to sit to morrow morning at 9 o’clock, at Genl Huntington’s late quarters.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Horatio Gates, 23 November 1777
From: Gates, Horatio
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Albany 23rd November 1777.

I am just now honour’d with the receipt of Your Excellency’s Letter of the 14th Instant, from White Marsh. I have never entertained the smallest Idea, that General Burgoyne should be permitted to Change

the port of Embarkation, or that the least variation of the Spirit, and Letter of the Convention, would be indulged to the Troops under his Command. There is no doubt, but the British Regiments upon their Arrival in England, will be Ordered to do Duty there, but The Germans cannot, by the Laws, serve in Great Britain, or Ireland.
If General Burgoyne has any Sinister design, what I suggested to Congress, in my Letter of the 10th Instant, a Copy of which I conclude Your Excellency has received, will be a good Method of delaying, if not finally preventing the Execution of his project.
I shall write tomorrow by the Boston post, to General Glover, who is charged with the Embarkation of the Prisoners under the Convention, and send him a Copy of Your Excellency’s Letter. I am, Sir, Your Excellency’s Most Obedient Humble Servt

Horatio Gates


Title: To George Washington from Captain Caleb Gibbs, 23 November 1777
From: Gibbs, Caleb
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir,
Peeks Kill [N.Y.] at Mr Kennedy’s 23d Novembr 1777

I wrote Colo. Harrison on the 21st Ulto from Morristown informing him of the disagreable peice of intelligence which I had that day received, of the Illness of Colo. Hamilton, and of my intention to set out immediately for Peeks Kill with all possible dispatch.
I accordingly arrived here yesterday morning about 9 oClock, w[h]ere I found Colo. Hamilton much worse than I expected, labouring under a Violent nerves fever, and raging to the greatest extremity, he continued through the day, & last night very Ill. He is this morning something better, the fever in some small degree abated. every possible

measure is taking to restore him, & it is the oppinion of the Doctr two or three days will determine his fate.
The place where he is, is a very good house, & that is all can be said, Just to keep him from this inclement season. no kind of necessary is here but what is sent for the distance of 20 miles. Doctrs Adams or Ustice has kept constantly with him and have paid the greatest attention possible to him, both by day & Night, and to do those Gentlemen Justice, they have spared no pains in making things comfortable around him.
Colo. Hamilton bears his sickness with becoming fortitude but is Confident he shall not survive long. Thinking your Excellency would be Anxious to hear how Colo. Hamilton was, I have sent this to be forwarded by the Stationary Expresses—Which will wait any Commands your Excellency may have. I am With the Greatest Respect Your Excellencys Most Obedt Humbe servt

C. Gibbs

P.S. Colo. Hamilton desires his Affectionate Respect to you Sir, & Love to the Gentlemen of the family.


Title: To George Washington from Major General William Heath, 23 November 1777
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Head Quarters Boston Novr 23d 1777.

I am now to acknowledge the honor of the receipt of yours of the 22d Ulto and 5th Instant. In consequence of the former I directed Major Barber to purchase up what Lead he could find in this Town or its Vicinity. He soon informed me that he had purchased Ten Tons, Six of which were forwarded, some days since, to Springfield. the remainder will follow immediately. Mr Jervis, Agent to the Artillery Department has also purchased a Quantity; and Capt. Bradford has a Quantity in his hands here, at Menden & Dartmouth. What there is in his hands, with that purchased by Major Barber & Mr Jervis will make between forty & fifty Tons: It shall be forwarded to Springfield with all possible dispatch. The price, like that of all other Articles is exorbitantly high; that which we have purchased has cost nine & ten pounds ⅌ Hundred. There is still a Quantity at Salem & Newbury for which they ask £15. The Board of War & Ordnance have just directed Capt. Bradford to purchase up all he can, and have directed my assistance, to which I shall pay strict attention.

Colo. Lee’s & Jacksons Commissions came safe to hand. Seventy or Eighty fine Recruits for those Regiments will be forwarded as soon as they can be Cloathed, and got ready.
Yesterday I recd by Express, a Resolve of Congress respecting General Burgoyne’s Troops, which I shall endeavour to carry into execution as soon as possible, & shall also pay strict attention to your Excellency’s Opinion as hinted in yours of the 5th.
We are not a little embarrassed in obtaining Quarters for the Officers, who frequently inform us that they are to be Quartered according to Rank. Genl Burgoyne is in Mr Borlands House, formerly Genl Putnam’s Quarters, and the other principal Officers in the Town of Cambridge. The British Troops are in the Barracks on prospect Hill, the Foreign on Winter Hill. I have obtained Two Regiments of Drafts from the Militia to Guard them. Neither Officer or Soldier is allowed to pass Charlestown Neck, or Cambridge Bridge. Both Officers & Soldiers are very orderly, but Desertions are surprisingly great, of which General Burgoyne makes complaint.
I have been much embarrassed in the Commissary’s Department. I had desired Mr Miller to continue to Issue provisions to our own Troops, and to the prisoners until the arrival of the new Commissaries; but just as the prisoners arrived, Colo. Trumbull came to Town and forbid any of his Deputies or Assistants acting, alledging that by the Orders of Congress all the provisions & Stores were to be delivered to the New Deputy Commissary General of Issues, and that he could not deliver them otherwise. I have been obliged to take them by absolute Orders, and certify that it was against his consent, and have been obliged to appoint Commissaries to act until such as are appointed arrive. Surely matters ought not to remain in the present unsettled situation and why it is I cannot conceive. I have the Honor to be With great respect Your Excellencys Obedient Servant

W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from Captain Henry Lee, Jr., 23 November 1777
From: Lee, Henry Jr.
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Nor 23d 77.

Yesterday the enemy abandoned Provence island. We have reason to believe that Gen. Clinton with the late reinforcement, & Lord Cornwallis

with his body of troops landed on Carpenters island yesterdy, & passed on to the city. The navy have mostly moved up from Chester, & lay off Billingsport. With profound respect Your Excellys most Obt Hum. servt

Heny Lee jr


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Casimir Pulaski, 23 November 1777
From: Pulaski, Casimir
To: Washington, George

My General—
23d November 1777

The desire which I have of fulfilling my Duty, leads me to make frequent representations to Your Excellency of matters which regard the Service of the Cavalry.
What follows is my opinion, and if I am so happy as to find it agreeable to Your Excellencys Views, it will be necessary to carry my Plan into execution as soon as possible.
As in all appearance it will be late before we retire to Winter Quarters I would have a Detachment formed from the whole Cavalry—composed of one Major, 2 Captains 2 Lieutenants—1 Cornet—4 Serjeants—10 Corporals and 120 Dragons—The Remainder with the Colonels should repair to Winter Quarters at the place where each Regiment was formed, there the Colonels will endeavour to procure Recruits train them, and be ready against the beginning of April to repair wherever they shall be order’d to assemble—there they will gain some knowledge of the System form’d by the most essential Manœuvres.
2. When the whole Army enters into Winter Quarters—the half of the remaining Cavalry may be dismiss’d to join the respective Regiments the other half composed of Non Commissioned Officers and Dragoons may form the Bosniques armed with Lances—which I undertake to train and perfect in their Exercise—The Augmentation of the Horse is likewise necessary—I spoke of it in a preceding Note.
I would wish to form a Squadron of Bosniques, consisting of 120 Men—I answer for their Utility. The Form of this Squadron should be—2 Captains—of which I desire to be the first—2 Lieutenants—1 Ensign—1 Adjutant—1 Surgeon Major and 1 Quarter Master—2 Serjeants. 10 Corporals—2 Trumpeters—1 Farrier—1 Sadler—120 Bosniques.
and as the Number of Cavalry even then would not be sufficient to fulfill all the Duties required in a large Army—I would propose to have 200 Militia men mounted who might serve extremely well for the less important Duties—and be a very considerable Relief to the Cavalry.

There is an intelligent Officer in the Horse Service, who disgusted by the Irregularities prevailing in his Regiment, has asked for his Dismission—his name is Henry Belken his Office Adjutant of Moylens Regiment—it would be a Loss to the Cavalry if he should quit the Service—I believe he might be retained by giving him the Commission of second Captain and continuing his pay as Adjutant—he will remain with me in the mean time—as all our Officers need Instruction he might be employ’d by me seeing the Manœuvres executed and in exercising the Cavalry there should be three other adjutants of different ranks, who being out of the Line, and having no concurrence with the pretensions of the others may be made very useful to the Service.
I here repeat my Prayer that a speedy Decision may be had on these points—as they respect the welfare of a Corps upon which the Fate perhaps of the whole Army depends.

Sign’d. C. Pulaski. Gl of Cavalry