Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 24 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

                            Sir
                             Newburgh. April 24th 1782

                        I have received your Favor of Yesterday—& have to lament the Situation in which I am placed, between the
                            Resolves of Congress & the Transactions of this State—particularly unfortunate as Genl Schuyler in answer to his
                            Queries when here, was informed, that I did not conceive myself authorized to issue provisions to the Levies of the State
                            untill they were received into Service—In Consequence of which, I was in hopes the Legislature would have made provision
                            for their Subsistence. But this not being done—and to avoid the disagreeable Consequences which you justly apprehend I must
                            consent that the Contractors shall issue provision to those collecting at the lower Rendezvous—untill the matter of their
                            Subsistence shall be decided by Congress. The Levies at the Northern posts, I wish to have collected as soon as possible, that they may be ready to
                            releive the Troops of N. Hampshire, which are now I perceive, exceedgly Scattered, & whom I shall want to draw together
                            very soon for the general purposes of the Campaign. I am & c.

                            P.S. Your Excellency will be sensible that Regular Measures must be adopted for the Issues to the
                                Levies—That no Impositions may be practised upon the Contractors or the public.


Title: From George Washington to Benjamin Lincoln, 24 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Lincoln, Benjamin

                            Dr Sir
                            Head Quarters Newburg April 24 1782

                        I take the liberty to inclose you a Letter from Colo. Vanschaaik—of the 1st New York Regiment—asking a
                            continuation of that leave of absence which Congress before granted him—what that leave was I know not, but I think it
                            absolutely necessary that something should be determin’d on in this matter—as Colo. Vanscaaik has already been absent from
                            the Army near a twelve month. I am Dr Sir &c.


Title: From George Washington to Benjamin Lincoln, 24 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Lincoln, Benjamin

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters Newburgh 24th Aprl 1782

                        The inclosed Copy of a Letter from Governor Clinton, with my Answer to him, you will be pleased to submit to
                            the Consideration of Congress: the Subject will be disclosed by a perusal, from whence you will also observe the
                            Importance of an early Decision.
                        The Necessity of the Case only, grounded on the Govrs Representation, could have induced me to have consented
                            so far as I have done and this I hope will apologize for me with Congress.
                        On this Subject it may probably be well to consult the Superintendt of Finance—I know not how far the feeding
                            of the Levies of any of the States have entered into the Estimates on which he has grounded the Calculations of his
                            Contracts. With great Regard & Esteem I am Dear Sir Your most Obedt Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 25 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters Newburgh April 25th 1782

                        It appears to me, upon further considerations essentially necessary, that the Levies of this State should be
                            collected immediately to some of the Posts where issuing Stores are established by the Contractors, otherwise I apprehend,
                            it will be impossible they should be fed in the manner proposed. I have directed Mr Sands to issue to all the Levies which
                            may be assembled at Fish kill upon their being duly mustered & returned for Provisions—The inclosed contains a
                            similar Order to the Contractors in the Northern Department to supply all such as may be collected at Albany or any place
                            where they have an issuing Store. I have made this communication to prevent Mistakes & have the honor to be Your
                            Excellencys Most Obedt Hble Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Henry Clinton, 25 April 1782
From: Clinton, Henry
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            New York 25th April 1782

                        Your Letter of the 21st Instant with the inclosed Testimonials respecting Captain Huddy’s Execution was
                            delivered to me Yesterday. And tho I am extremely concerned for the Cause, I cannot conceal my Surprise &
                            Displeasure at the very improper Language You have made use of, which You could not but be sensible was totally
                            unnecessary.
                        The Mildness of the British Government does not admit of Acts of Cruelty or persecuting Violence. And, as
                            they are notoriously contrary to the Tenor of my own Conduct & Disposition (having never yet stained my Hands with
                            innocent Blood) I must claim the Justice of having it believed that, if such have been committed by any Persons under my
                            Command, they could not have been warranted by my Authority, nor can they ever have the Sanction of my Approbation. My
                            personal Feelings therefore required no such Incitements to urge me to take every proper Notice of the barbarous outrage
                            against Humanity, which You have represented to me, the Moment it came to my knowledge: and accordingly when I heard of
                            Captain Huddy’s Death (which was only four days before I received your Letter) I instantly ordered a strict Enquiry into
                            all its Circumstances, and shall bring the Perpetrators of it to an immediate trial.
                        To Sacrifice Innocence under the Notion of preventing Guilt, in Place of suppressing, would be adopting
                            Barbarity and raising it to the greatest height. Whereas if the Violators of the Laws of War are punished by the Generals
                            under whose Powers they act, the Horrors, which those Laws were formed to prevent, will be avoided, and every Degree of
                            Humanity War is capable of maintained.
                        Could Violations of Humanity be justified by Examples, many from the Parts where Your Power prevails (that
                            exceed & probably gave rise to this in Question) could be produced.
                        In Hope that the Mode I mean to pursue will be adopted by You, and prevent all future Enormities, I remain
                            Sir, Your Most Obedient & Most humble Servant

                            H. Clinton


Title: From George Washington to William Duer, 25 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Duer, William

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters Newburgh April 25. 1782

                        You will be pleased to issue Provisions to such of the Levies of this State as may be assembled at Albany, or
                            any other place where you have an issuing store, Upon a proper Certificate of their having been & recd duly Mustered, & under the same checks & restrictions as your issues are made to the Troops in the immediate service
                            of the Continent, I am Sir.


Title: To George Washington from William Heath, 25 April 1782
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General,
                            Highlands, April 25. 1782.

                        I forward two sailors who lately made their escape from the British man of war, Adamant—and inclose a New
                            York paper of the 19th the latest I have received.
                        When I was honored by your Excellency the winter before last with a command similar to that you have been
                            pleased now to assign me, your pleasure was signified that I should approve or disapprove the sentences of courts-martial,
                            except where the sentences were capital or of a particular nature which were to be transmitted to you: Apprehending your
                            sentiments are still the same, I have been pursuing the same mode of conduct. I now take the liberty to inclose the
                            proceedings of a general court-martial handed to me the last evening. Although the sentence is not a discharge from the
                            service, yet from its nature I have thought it most eligible to lay it before your Excellency for your determination. I
                            have the honor to be, With the highest respect, your Excellency’s Most obedient servant,

                            W. Heath


Title: From George Washington to Benjamin Lincoln, 25 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Lincoln, Benjamin

                            My dear Sir,
                            Newburgh Apl 25th 1782

                        Your private letter of the 2d Instt came to my hands the 20th by Doctr Craik—I am much indebted to you for
                            the sentimts & calculations contained in it. You have however, if my information & estimation of the Enemys
                            strength in New York is right, fallen a good deal short of their numbers—and if I may be
                            allowed to ground an opinion upon present appearances, information and past experience—I should think you have greatly
                            overrated our prospects. Consequently, that which seems to be a matter of no doubt in your Mind constitutes all the
                            difficulty in mine, in pointing the operations of the present campaign towards New York.
                        I am persuaded the Enemy have not, at this time, less than 9000 regular Troops in New York and its
                            Dependencies, including their establish Provencial Corps—and by a Report from the Commandant of that place to Lord George
                            Germain in the winter of 1780 when they expected an Attack from us—it appears that of City Militia, Volunteer Companies,
                            and some other small Corps which were named; exclusive of Marines, Sailors & Delancys Refugees, they had in Arms,
                            regularly organized for the defence of the Town 3390 Men—These added to their regular force make a body of 12,390
                            independent of their Southern Army; which I estimate at 4000 more; making altogether 16,390 besides Sailors &
                            Marines—But as an augmentation of the force in New York is, as yet, only problematical, I will suppose that the Enemy do
                            not mean to withdraw their Southern Garrisons—and that no re-inforcements will arrive from Europe, which is the most
                            favourable point of view the matter can be placed in—we still have (besides Sailors & Marines wch always will be
                            more or less according to the number of Ships in the Harbor) 12,390 Men opposed to us, in works which are growing into
                            consistency and strength every day.
                        You think, and I very readily concur with you in opinion, that the Besiegers ought
                            to be at least three times the number of the Besieged. Upon European principles, if New York was regularly fortified, we
                            ought to have as 5 or 6, to 1—But I will set it at the lowest; and without demanding any thing for Marines or Sailors, the
                            number of Men required will be 37,170.
                        How to obtain them is the next enquiry. Our present strength by the last returns is

                                R & F
                                R & F

                                2
                                Regts
                                of
                                N. Hampe
                                441
                                542

                                10
                                Ditto

                                Massachuts
                                2786
                                3382

                                1
                                Regt

                                Rhode Isld
                                219
                                341

                                5
                                Ditto

                                Connectt
                                1275
                                1577

                                2
                                Ditto
                                of
                                N. York
                                809
                                912

                                2
                                Ditto

                                N. Jersey
                                638
                                740

                                1
                                Ditto

                                Hazens
                                279
                                384

                                    1

                                Ditto

                                Invalids

                                    184

                                    244

                                24
                                Ditto

                                Infantry
                                6631
                                8122

                                1
                                Legionary

                                Corps
                                230
                                250

                                2
                                Regts
                                of
                                Artillery
                                642
                                774

                                Marischausse
                                supe

                                    30

                                _____

                                Contenl force at this time
                                7533
                                9146

                        The column on the right, exhibits the total number of R. & File in the line of each State. The other
                            supposing the Sick to keep the same Ratio—and it is not great—gives every Man that is to be expected from Regiments of the
                            Strength that ours are.
                        Having shewn the actual strength of the line, I shall next give the information on which my opinion of
                            Recruits for it is founded.
                        New Hampshire. A Letter from Colo. Dearborn dated March 10th says—the assembly at their last meeting had done
                            nothing—that they were to meet again the 15th—that he fears it will be too late for them to do much—that there does not
                            appear a disposition to great exertions—that the Men in power despair of raising either Men or
                                Money "to any considerable amount" and therefore he fears, they will not take the Matter up
                            with as much spirit as he could wish—& concludes, if men can be had, he is convinced Mr Morris will receive very
                            little of the supplies, unless he will take it in specific articles.
                        Massachusetts-bay. Your knowledge of Matters in this State much exceeds mine, All the official information I
                            have received from it has been through you—not one of my letters to the Governor has been acknowledged, nor do I know
                            whether any of them ever got to hand, except the one which you speak of as having been laid before a Comee of the
                            Assembly—One fact however is certain—and it is important—viz.—of 2994 Men returned to the State as its deficiency the
                            Assembly voted 1500 only when it must be obvious to every considerate Mind, that these
                            deficiencies encrease daily—and in the nature of things must continually do so, while deaths & desertions are
                            incident to Armies.
                        Rhode Island. Altho’ Colo. Olney speaks of some difficulties, the State will, I expect, go near to compleat
                            its Regiment with 9 Months Men (the term for which they are enlisted) to commence from the time of their passing Muster,
                            by which means many of them will be discharged in November, and near all of them in December.
                        Connecticut. Instead of 1475 Men which by returns from the line of the State were dificient in Jany last, is
                            about to give 700; five hundred of these Genl Huntington in a letter of the 10th Instt writes
                            me he thinks will be got by the end of May—and two thirds of these will have to serve till the first of January, or for
                            one year only.
                        New York. Will, I believe, go near to compleat her quota by Draft, to serve till the first of Jany next.
                        New Jersey. Has not the most distant prospect that I can see, of doing this—Her recruiting depends upon
                            voluntary Enlistments at a small bounty—by which a Man now & then only is obtained.
                        Pensylvania, Delaware and Maryland, are pursuing the same mode of Jersey, and I dare venture to pronounce
                            will have the same success—But as the Troops of these States are designated by a Resolve of Congress part of the Southern
                            Army, I do not see how the Recruits of them can be brought into this estimate, unless by the evacuation of Charles Town our
                            force to the Southward should move this way, in which case, and upon the principles here established, it ought to consist
                            of 12,000 Men to counterpoise the Enemy’s 4000; but admitting they should join the Northern
                            instead of the Southern Army, their numbers from everything I can hear do not exceed 600.
                        Under this state of matters and the experience of two years; particularly the last, when a favourite
                            enterprize was clearly announced; and every argument which my invention could suggest was urged, in vain, to induce the
                            States to compleat their Battalions I have not a single ray of hope that more than what follows will be obtained
                        Each State line & Corps then will stand thus.

                                R. & F.

                                N.Hampe
                                prest Strength
                                441

                                Recruits

                                     200

                                641

                                Massachusetts Bay
                                2786

                                Rects besides Artiy

                                     1000

                                3786

                                Rhode Island
                                prest
                                219

                                Recruits

                                     250

                                469

                                Connecticut
                                prest
                                1275

                                Rects (besides Horse)

                                     500

                                1775

                                New York
                                prest Str:
                                809

                                Rects besides Arty

                                     200

                                1009

                                New Jersey

                                638

                                Desertrs will keep

                                pace with Recrg

                                     none

                                638

                                Hazens Regimt

                                no Rects expected
                                279

                                 R. & F.

                                Invalid Regt none but from the line
                                184

                                Sheldons Legion

                                230

                                Rects from Connectt

                                     70

                                300

                                Lambs Regt of Artilly

                                242

                                Rects from N. York

                                     158

                                400

                                Cranes Artillery
                                374

                                Rects from Massts

                                     100

                                474

                                Mareschausse Corps

                                     30

                                Total, efficient Continl

                                9985.

                                Deduct for the Garrisons of

                                Wyoming
                                50

                                Verplanks point
                                50

                                Stony point
                                50

                                Dobbs’s Ferry
                                25.

                                West point (altho it shd be

                                covered by the Army)
                                750

                                at least, to secure the Wks
                                _____
                                925

                                Besides these, to compleat the

                                Investiture of New York, & deprive

                                the Garrison therein of Supplies, a

                                small flying Corps shd be in the

                                Jerseys
                                _________
                                ________

                                Remains
                                9060

                                Add the French Troops in

                                Virga (wch at this time cannnot
                                4000

                                exceed for duty

                                Total Regts Troops

                                13,060

                                Wantg to treble the Enemys force

                                     24 100

                                proof
                                37,160

                        It now remains to be determined.
                        Whether it is probable that 24100 Militia can be had if they are required.
                        2d—Whether a less, and what number, of men the Siege of New York may be undertaken with.
                        3d—Whether it is prudent to make a requisition of the Militia before the Succours from France (if any are
                            coming) is announced to us—or wait this event—as each State from Delaware Eastward has been informed (by a circular letter
                            of the of March) that it was highly probable the operations of the Campaign would make the Aid of Militia necessary—and
                            requesting very urgently that the Executive might be vested with ample powers to call them out properly equipped for three
                            Months, the time of Service to commence from the period at which they join the Army.
                        With respect to the first question I am clear that 24,100 Militia cannot be had.
                        In answer to the Second, if the Enemy continue divided, and we cannot (when all the Aids which are intended for us are disclosed) attempt something important, and
                            more certain in another quarter, I should be disposed to undertake the Seige of New York with double the Enemys numbers;
                            provided, a Naval Superiority comes early to our assistance, and will engage to co-operate during the Seige—because I
                            would hope, that time and spirited exertions might effect (tho’ with more toil & hazard) what numbers alone are
                            generally thought competent to.
                        On the third question I must observe, that as the States have been prepared for a call of their Militia,
                            nothing further can well be done at this time, under our present State of uncertainty—Nor do I believe that any thing but
                            expence would result from the measure—for while the Mass of the people, or the Executives of the States take upon
                            themselves to judge of the proper time for drawing out their Militia, and will wait till the necessity of it is obvious to
                            the common and uninformed understandings of the multitude, it is of little avail to make requisitions of this sort; and
                            the mischief resulting from it, is as influential upon any Military operation (which may be in contemplation) as inability
                            or want of inclination possibly can be.
                        Upon the whole, altho’ I have not made up my mind fully upon the impracticability of attacking New York, I am
                            inclined to believe that without the Aid of 5 or 6000 French Troops in addition to those in Virginia we should find the
                            Conquest of that place an arduous task—and that if the enemy concentre their force at it, it will be scarcely possible
                            with such means as I expect to be possessed of. However as these thoughts are thrown together more for your animadversions
                            upon them, than as expressions of my opinion, I shall be obliged to you for your remarks with the utmost freedom &
                            candor; as it is from discussions of this sort the judgement is informed, and plans become properly matured.
                        I shall not in this letter, give any opinion respecting either of the other objects mentioned in yours. they
                            are subordinate. and must all yield to New York, if means can be found to attempt that place upon a well grounded hope of
                            succeeding—It is for this reason I wish to have every thing relative to it, well considered, before the Enterprise is
                            either adopted, or rejected. With the most perfect esteem & regard I am—Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt & affecte Hble
                            Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Comfort Sands, 25 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Sands, Comfort

                            sir
                            Head Quarters 25th April 1782

                        You will be pleased to issue provisions for the Subsistence of the Leviees of this State, which will be
                            assembled at Fishkill in a few Days in Consequence of the Orders of Governor Clinton—taking Care that your Issues to them
                            be made under the same Restrictions & Regulations as are established for your Government in the Issues made to the
                            Continental Troops—& particularly observing that no Man is to be furnished until it is certified that he is
                            regularly mustered, & received agreeable to the Orders of the Governor.


Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 26 April 1782
From: Clinton, George
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Poughkeepsie 26th April 1782

                        I have been duly honored with your Excellency’s Letters of the 24th & 25th Instant. Previous to the
                            Receipt of the letters I had made out Instructions, a Copy of which is enclosed, for Colo. Weissenfels who is to command
                            one of the Regiments of Levies. The Reasons which induced fixing upon the different Places of Rendezvous for the Levies
                            raised on the West Side of the River and in other Parts contiguous to the Frontiers, were that even while they were
                            collecting they would afford some Protection to the exposed Settlements, and experience has evinced the Propriety of the
                            Measure, as the Enemy have already appeared in small Parties at or in the vicinity of several of the Places of Rendezvous
                            and have taken of some of the Inhabitants, and I am persuaded from the Impression these uncommonly early Incursions have
                            made on the Minds of the People that should the Levies, directed to assemble among them be now called to Fishkill, the
                            Settlements will be abandoned. I would therefore rather submit to any Inconveniency, however great, in procuring
                            Subsistence for the Levies until they are collected and the Detachments made for fitting up the Line of the State in the
                            Army, than be obliged to change their Rendezvous. Your Excellency may rest assured that every possible Dispatch will be
                            given to this Business, as similar Orders to those now enclosed are forwarded to Colo. Willet who is to command the other
                            Regiment. I have the Honor to be with the highest Sentiments of Respect & Esteem Your Excellency’s most Obedt
                            Servant
                        Geo: Clinton

                     Enclosure

                                Sir
                                Poughkeepsie April 26th 1782

                            Your Regiment is to be composed of the Levies raised from the Militia of Orange Ulster Westchester
                                & Dutchess Counties. You will accordingly appoint suitable Persons from among the Officers, a list of whom is
                                delivered you, to receive and muster them agreeable to Genl Orders at the Places of Rendezvous therein assigned. By an
                                Act of the Legislators, passed the last Meeting, it is directed that Detachments should be made from the Levies to be
                                raised for the Defence of the frontiers to complete the Line of this State in the Service of the United States; but as
                                it cannot be ascertained what number will be raised until Returns of the number of Classes in each
                                Regiment of Militia are received it cannot therefore be determined with precision what proportion ought to be detached
                                from your Regiment. You will however as soon as the Men are collected at the Places of Rendezvous, detach one third of
                                the whole for this Service in such equitable Manner as you shall deem most proper and forward them, under the
                                direction of careful Officers, to such Posts as His Excellency the Commander in Chief shall direct. I presume you will
                                not meet with any difficulty in the execution of this Business as the Time of service of those detached will be of
                                equal Duration only with those on the frontiers and in all probability the most agreeable Duty. It is to be wished, if
                                practicable and without doing Injustice or creating discontent, that those who from Connections & other
                                Circumstances will be most likely to continue in the continental Regiments, might be detached. The Moment this
                                Business is effected and your Regiment is formed you are to consider yourself under the Direction of the Commander in
                                Chief of the American Army and you are to receive his Orders accordingly. It may be proper to inform you that for the
                                immediate Protection of the frontiers of Ulster & Orange Counties I have ordered Major D’Witt to draw out the
                                Levies from the three upper Regiments in Orange and the Regiments of Ulster Counties & after mustering to
                                distribute them among the Inhabitants of the frontier Settlements until proper Means of Subsistence are provided for
                                them and the Officers of your Regiment residing on the West side of the River are to take charge of them accordingly.
                                Those raised in Westchester County with as many from Dutchess as would form two Companies have been usually employed
                                for the protection of that County & those raised in Hay’s Regt in the lower part of Orange
                                have been left to cover the Settlements of that part of the County—the Residue of the Regiment have been heretofore
                                posted at the different Passes on the western frontiers of Ulster & Orange from Minisink to
                                    Kishataminatie inclusive, at the discretion of the Commanding Officer. This is however, only to
                                be received by you as information, as in this as well as in all other Matters you are to be governed by the Commander
                                in Chief’s Orders. It has been intimated to me that some of the Officers appointed in Westchester County, decline
                                serving; if this should be the case you will report them as well as any others who may decline, to me that others may
                                be appointed in their stead. I have to recommend that you will be particularly attentive that every Regiment deliver
                                their compliment of men & use every possible precaution to prevent Desertion. His Excellency the General has
                                consented that the Contractors issue Provisions to the Levies collecting at the lower Places of Rendezvous. You will
                                be careful to adopt regular Measures for the Issues that no impositions may be practiced on the Contractors or the
                                Public. I am &c. &c. &c.

                                Geo. Clinton


Title: To George Washington from Robert Howe, 26 April 1782
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

                        Dear sir

                            Robinsons 26th April 1782

                        I inclose your Excellency a letter from Lt Colo. Fernald in behalf of Captain Marshall, his situation is
                            particular and he has it seems given his winter to Publick service in a way Extra to his immediate line. General Heath
                            appears to think him Entitled to indulgence & Colo. Fernald says his Regiment can spare him, he wishes to have
                            leave until the first of July, less time than that will not he says answer his purposes Your Excellency will be so
                            obliging as to signify your pleasure. This  with the greatest Respect I have the honor to be Dr
                            Sir your Excellency’s most Obt hum. sert

                            R. Howe

                     Enclosure

                                Sr
                                Hampshire Hutts 25th April 1782

                            Captn Marshall having been retained in the Regt the last Winter to superintend the making of the
                                Cloathing for the soldiers and being very anxious to settle his Domestic affairs before the opening of the campaign
                                should esteem it a favor if your Honor will please to grant him leave of absence for a few days: or otherwise use your
                                influence with his Excelency in his behalf.
                            Capt. Marshal has a Family which he depended on seeing the last Winter but being pressed hard by Colo.
                                Tupper to tarry for the purpose beforementïoned with a promice at the same time that he the Colo. would use his
                                influence that he should have liberty to see his Family before the opening of the Campaigne. Capt. Marshal cheerfully
                                undertook the business and has compleated it—I submit it to your honors consideration and am content with what your
                                Honor in your wisdom shall think most proper for the good of the service. I am with every sentiment of esteem
                                & respect your Honors most Obedient servant

                                Tobias Fernald Lt Col.
                                Comm’dt 10th Massts Regt

                                P.S. I would beg leave to mention that Capt. Marshal is at present very much indisposed and not
                                    fit for duty ocationed by a Bellious habit of body which I suppose may be atributed to too
                                    close application to business and his diet which a change of Air and diet will doubtless remove.

                                T. Fernald Lt Col.


Title: From George Washington to Anne-César, chevalier de La Luzerne, 26 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: La Luzerne, Anne-César, chevalier de

                            Sir,
                            Head Quarters 26th April 1782—

                        I have had the Honor to receive your Excellencys Favor of the 18th inst. by Count Beniowsky—and by the same
                            gentleman I do myself the pleasure to congratulate your Excellency on your safe Return to Philadelphia in good Health.
                        The Plan which the Count means to offer for the Consideration of Congress, appears to be projected upon a
                            liberal Scale, and with some Explanation, & perhaps a few Alterations, may be well worthy their Attention.
                        This Gentleman is fully possessed of my Sentiments on the Subject of his Proposals; and is at Liberty to make such use of them, as he may think proper—He
                            will have the Honor of communicating them to your Excellency, and of informg you, that they will involve political as well
                            as military considerations, I have confined myself to the latter parts only of the plan.
                        I shall take an early Occasion to address your Excellency on the Subject of your other Letter of the 18th—In
                            the mean Time I pray you to be assured that—with every Sentiment of the most perfect Esteem, Regard & Respect—and
                            with much personal Attachment I have the Honor to be your Excellencys Most Obedient and Most humle Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Paterson, 26 April 1782
From: Paterson, John
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            West Point 26th April 1782

                        The circumstances and disposition of this Country are such and the Finances so low, that no operations ought
                            to be undertaken unless they convey with them the greatest probability of uccess, especially where they would be attended
                            with an extraordinary accumulation of the public Debt, a failure in that case, would increase the Stupor at present too
                            prevalent, and materially injure our infant Bank.
                        Britain, already very much reduced, her Debt large, her Navy at least not Superior, I think must be induced
                            to wish a peace, tho she yet appears haughty, this I think must be an Argument against an unnecessary increase of our
                            Burthen, yet if York could be reduced, it would render the wished for period more certain, for this reason I should be for
                            making the attempt if practicable.
                        On the first Question, admitting they have a superiority on the Coast & in the Harbour, I think it
                            unadvisable.
                        On the second, if they have the same force, keep the Command of the Harbor, but loose their superiority at
                            Sea, I must suppose it our Duty to make the attempt.
                        On the third, if they have the same force, but loose the Command of the Water in the Harbor, and at Sea, I
                            think the opportunity ought not by any means be overlooked.
								The probability of obtaining a sufficient force from the
                            Country is not great, tho I think if they are not reinforced from Charlestown and we command the Harbor and Coast, or only
                            the Coast, we may with what Militia may be collected make out a body of twenty thousand, which as the Enemy are situated
                            would not be too many, but if the garrisons of Charlestown and Georgia should join them, our additional force ought nearly
                            to double that of the Enemys but am fearful in that case it would be impossible to collect a force sufficient unless
                            assisted by a foreign one. I am with the greatest Esteem & respect your Excellencys most obedient servant

                            John Paterson


Title: From George Washington to Maurice-Auguste de Beniousky, 27 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Beniousky, Maurice-Auguste de

                            Sir
                            Newburgh 27th April 1782—

                        At your Request & in Consequence of a Letter from His Excellency the Cheval: De la Luzerne I have
                            given the plan which you propose to present to Congress, and of which the foregoing is a Translation, all the
                            Consideration I am capable of; and thereupon beg leave to observe—That the Utility of the plan for introducing a Legionary
                            Corps of Germans into the Service of the United States of America, depends in my Opinion, upon the political State of
                            Affairs in Europe—the probability of the War continuing—and the mode of conducting it—As also on the Time which will be
                            required to bring this Corps into Action.
                        Of the first I have not the Means of judging—but I think the second is not so problematical as to induce
                            Congress to reject a Contract, which with some Alterations, and a Surety of receiving the Men in twelve Months from this
                            Date, may be attended with considerable advantages.
                        Political considerations must, no Doubt, have their Influence in determining upon a plan of this Nature and
                            Magnitude; and there may be an impropriety in my hazarding an Opinion too pointedly on the policy of it—But at your
                            Request, and the Desire of the Excellency the Minister of France, I shall offer my Sentiments on the several Articles in
                            the Order they stand in the plan before me. The Expence of 578,000 livres for raising, cloathing, equiping &
                            transportg to America, a Corps of 3483 Men, is moderate indeed—But the—
                        First Article—Is too indefinite, as there is no knowing what may be comprehended under it—And the—
                        Second Article—may, ultimately, make this Corps exceedingly expensive; and I do not think it can, or ought to
                            be agreed to, so far at least as respects the non-commisioned Officers & private Soldiers.
                        3d & 4th Articles—I think reasonable and proper—so is the
                        5th Article—If I comprehend the true Import of it—Vizt that no pay shall be drawn except from those who are
                            actually in Service, & shall appear on the Inspection or Muster Rolls. But to effect this, there must be an
                            Assignment of Pay to the different Grades of Officers and to the Privates—as the 8th Article requires a Lumping Sum for
                            the Pay & Subsistance of the whole Legion—and the 9th a further Sum for the Staff thereof.
                        Article 6th—If confined to the Recruits which may be necessary to compleat the Corps from time to time (after
                            it is established and in the actual Service of the united States) would be reasonable, and it may be necessary to advance
                            the three Months half pay, for the purpose mentioned—but if it is intended as a fund for Repaying the Expence of the
                            passage of the Legion in the first Instance, I do not believe that the present finances of the united states could afford
                            such an Advance—or that Congress would make it, unless the Men could absolutely be insured.
                        Article 7th—If Count Beniowsky should be required to keep his Legion compleat and the recruits intended for
                            that purpose should be taken on their passage, he ought I think be allowed full pay for those which are actually
                            taken; provided a sufficient Convoy is obtained for them; without which the hazard would be too great; as there can be no
                            Doubt of an attempt on the part of Great Britain to intercept them—and Six Months Time to replace them, is as short as can
                            well be asked.
                        Articles 8th & 9th are in my Opinion, inadmissible; because it would be giving a certain Quantum of
                            pay & subsistence ⅌ Month to a Corps which may by Deaths, Desertions and other Casualties, be rendered very
                            incompleat: it is besides repugnant to the Ideas I had conceived of the equity of the 5th Article and would have a
                            tendency to place the Interest of Count Beniowsky & that of the united states in opposite Scales; which policy
                            forbids, tho I am persuaded that no improper Motives could influence your conduct.
                        Article 10th—It would indoubtedly be proper, that the Horses which may be wanted for the Cavalry and
                            Artillery should be provided at the Cost of the united States: but shall add in my observations on this Article that if
                            the Enemy have in Contemplation to change their Mode of conducting the War, and mean, by establishing strong posts, to
                            commence a defensive one by land, we shall have but little Occasion for Cavalry; consequently the Number of Squadrons
                            (which are designed to compose the Legion) ought to be reduced; or which may be still better, an express stipulation made
                            with the Dragoons, that they shall act as Infantry or Cavalry, not only temporarily, but permanently, as circumstances may
                            require.
                        Article 11th—I think 24 Livres would be a moderate Demand for each Recruit—but where is the propriety of
                            allowing 50 Livres for every Man who is killed? rather than both should be established as a recruiting fund, would it not
                            be better to increase the former? To compleat the Legion every Six Months is as often as could be expected—more I fear,
                            than would be accomplished.
                        Articles 12th, 13th, & 14th are quite reasonable & proper.
                        Article 15th—How far this may interfere with the Expectations of Colo. Armand, ought to be considered, as he
                            is not a little tenacious of the rights of the Corps he commands—Taking the Oaths of Fidelity & Alligence are the
                            natural Consequences of Commissions & Employments.
                        A pressure of other Matters would not allow me to be more explicit—the Sentiments I have offered are candid
                            & free, altho they may be a little indigested. With much Respect & Regard I am Sir your most Obedt humble
                            Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Henry Clinton, 27 April 1782
From: Clinton, Henry
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            New York 27th April 1782

                        Being this Morning informed that an Officer under the Flag of Truce has been detained, and sensible that all
                            Persons so circumstanced are to be held sacred, I have, without entering into a Discussion of the Pretence for his
                            Detainer, directed that he be set at Liberty. I am Sir your most Obedient & Most humble Servant

                            H. Clinton


Title: From George Washington to Jonathan Dayton, 27 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Dayton, Jonathan

                            sir
                            Head Quarters 27th April 1782

                        I have received your Letter without Date with a packet from Sir Hy Clinton.
                        You do not inform the Channel thro which you have obtained the important Intelligence you mention—but from
                            the positive Manner in which you transmit it, I hope it may be depended on.
                        It has been rumoured to me that a large Fleet has lately been seen near the Hook—but who they are or from
                            whence they arrive is not known—I wish you to be active in collecting every Information in your power respecting the
                            Arrival or Departure of their Fleets, & other important Movements of the Enemy—& to be early &
                            punctual in the Conveyance of any particulars which you deem proper to be sent to me.
                        It will be very well for you to detain the two British Officers you mention, untill something further is
                            determined respecting Lieut. Thomas. I am &ca.


Title: To George Washington from John Greaton, 27 April 1782
From: Greaton, John
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Hutts Near Boston April 27th 1782

                        I have the Honor to enclose an application from the commanding Officer of the 6th Masstts Regiment in favor
                            of Capt. Heywood of that Regt for leave of Absence for a short time; from the circumstances represented to me I have no
                            doubt but that his Business is urgent and requires his attendance at this time; I should therefore be glad, if your
                            Excellency thinks proper, that he might be indulged in his request. I have the Honor to be, With the highest Respect your
                            Excellencys most Obedient Servant

                            J. Greaton Coll Comdg
                            3d Masstts Brigade

                     Enclosure

                                Sir,
                                Hutts Near Boston April 26. 1782

                            As Capt. Benj. Haywood of the 6h Mass. Regiment has some business of considerable Consequence to him
                                which requires his particular attention at this time, and as a number of the officers of the Regt are desirous he
                                should transact some business for them in Boston, I should be glad of your interest with his Excellency in his behalf
                                for a leave of absence till the first of June. I am Sir, your most obedient and humble servant

                                Calvin Smith Lt Colo. Commd


Title: From George Washington to William Greene, 27 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, William

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters April 27th 1782

                        Tho’ it is by no means my Opinion, that the Enemy will divide their force, and again take possession of Rhode
                            Island, there are some circumstances which seem to carry such an appearance.
                        I think it would be highly imprudent on our parts, to leave any Fortifications standing on Rhode Island,
                            which may be of any use to them on such an Event. The Works round Newport, can under no circumstances be of any advantage
                            to us, and I must therefore request your Excellency to cause them to be levelled immediately.
                        I am not well enough acquainted with the situation and nature of the Works on Butts’s Hill to determine
                            positively whether they ought to be destroyed or not—It appears to me, that in case the Enemy should re-occupy the Island,
                            it would be important for us to have possession of that ground, but whether, on such an event, possession could be kept,
                            your Excellency must determine—I have no Troops to spare to Garrison it—If the Work is tenable, might not a small guard be
                            kept in it, and such arrangements be made, that (at the first Signs of the appearance of a Fleet) such a number of Militia
                            might be thrown in as to keep possession of it? Should you think this impracticable I would wish the works to be
                            destroyed. I take the liberty to inclose a Letter from Count Rochambeau to Mr de Quimay commanding the Emerald Frigate,
                            which I beg your Excellency to forward with all possible Dispatch to that Gentleman. with very great regard—I have the
                            honor to be Sir Your Excellencys Most Obedient humble Servant
                        Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from William Heath, 27 April 1782
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General,
                            Highlands April 27. 1782.

                        The inclosed intelligence came to hand the last evening.
                        By the vigilance of our troops on the lines the practice of driving cattle to the enemy I believe has been
                            for some time almost entirely broken up—But by the enclosed letter from major Oliver of the 22. instant it seems the trade
                            is reviving in another channel. I have always instructed the officers on the lines to pay no regard to the permission of a
                            justice for driving cattle below the lines. What instructions or powers have been given to colonel Canfield to permit
                            inhabitants to drive cattle across the lines on the certificate of a justice of the peace, or whether any, I cannot tell—I
                            think the practice is pregnant with injurious consequences, and beg leave to submit it to your Excellency’s consideration.
                        On the 6. instant I took the liberty to lay before your Excellency paragraph of a letter of the 6. of
                            February to the contractors, to furnish such reserves of the works as I conceived to be necessary—I believe the reserves at
                            King’s ferry and Dobbs ferry have been completed—What quantity of provisions the contractors have in the magazine at
                            Westpoint I do not know, but the advanced works on that side of the river, and the north and middle redoubts are very
                            deficient in their reserves. I have thought it my duty to represent it to your Excellency. I have the honor to be With the
                            highest respect, Your Excellency’s Most obedient servant

                            W. Heath

                     Enclosure

                                Dear Genl
                                Ward House April 22d 1782

                            Am almost ashamd to send you so old Paper but am unable to send one
                                later, though there might be something in this worth your perusel—Am inform’d by Capt.n Prichard that there is
                                almost a constant practice of Driving Cattle across the Lines at or near Stamford by
                                permission from a Justice which they, sometimes, give Eight doll. sometimes less, Colo. Canfield countersigning the permit.
                            The Cow Boys will drive horses down inspite of my  we may as
                                well catch a whirlwind almost as catch those villians. Am Sir—with the highest respect your most
                                Obedt Hume Servt

                                R. Oliver Major

                     Enclosure

                                Dear sir
                                Bedford April 25 1782

                            I am informed by a person from Long Island that there has ben considerable of a Movement of the Troops
                                there from the east toward the west land of the Island—the Yaugers and Sum others near to Which Ston ferry—they have
                                ben Colecting a large Number of Horses and Waggons and appear to be greatly in Motion—Very few People of late of the
                                enemys best friends to government are Sufferd to pass within there Lines—More trust then has ben known for a great
                                While.I am dear sir your Most Obedt Servt

                                Thos Prichard Capt.


Title: To George Washington from William Heath, 27 April 1782
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            Highlands April 27th 1782

                        The enclosed has been handed me this morning by Lt Colonel Hull, which I beg leave to submit to your
                            Excellency. It is with much reluctance Colonel Hull thinks of being absent at this time, but assures me necessity compels
                            him to request it.
                        How the orderly duty will be done when Colonel Hull goes away I cannot say; it may be attended with some
                            difficulty unless the Adjutant General sends one of his assistants down, or some other person is appointed; as a variety
                            of business requires almost constant attention in the orderly Office. Colonel Hull has this day written to the Adjutant
                            General on the subject. I have the honor to be With the greatest respect your Excellency’s Most Obedient Servant

                            W. Heath

                     Enclosure

                                Sir
                                Hutts at New Boston 27th April 1782.

                            Constrained by Necessity, I must submit Permission to be absent from the Army five or six Weeks—Nothing
                                but the most peculiar Circumstances would induce me to make this Request at this particular Period—I am Sir your most
                                Obedt Servt

                                Wm Hull Lt Colo.
                                3d M. Regt


Title: From David Humphreys to William Heath, 27 April 1782
From: Humphreys, David
To: Heath, William

                        Sir
                            Head Quarters April 27 1782

                        I have it in command from His Excellency the Commander in Chief to inform you, that Lieut. Col. Hull may have leave of absence for five Weeks. I have the honor to be With perfect respect Your Most obdt Servt

                            D. Humphrys A.D.C.


Title: From George Washington to Anne-César, chevalier de La Luzerne, 27 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: La Luzerne, Anne-César, chevalier de

                            Sir
                            Newburgh 27th April 1782

                        I have had the Honor to receive your Excellencys Favor of the 22d instant per Captain L’Enfant.
                        I beg your Excellency to be assured that I feel myself happy in an Opportunity at any Time to gratify your
                            Desires; more particularly so on the present Occasion, which I view as diffusive of the most sensible Joy to the allied
                            Nations of France & America.
                        I most chearfully comply with your Excellencys Request for Capt. L’Enfant to return to Philadelphia,
                            & to remain in that City for the Time you mention—and hope he will approve himself of great Utility to your
                            Designs. With the highest Sentiments of Respect and Esteem—I have the Honor to be Your excellencys Most Obedient and most
                            humble Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Benjamin Lincoln, 27 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Lincoln, Benjamin

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters Newburgh April 27. 1782.

                        Finding the Commissioners appointed to liquidate the accounts of Monies due for the maintenance of Prisoners,
                            and make permanent provision for their future support, have seperated without accomplishing any thing; I think it highly
                            expedient that measures should be adopted, at this moment, for taking the German Prisoners of War into our service: as
                            this measure has been considerably agitated, I shall not amplify upon the justice and propriety of it, which to me seem
                            very obvious. I am equally well persuaded of the policy there will be in augmenting every Company, with at least ten of
                            these men, or more if they can be obtained: for I am convinced that, by such an incorporation, they will make exceedingly
                            cheap & valuable Recruits; and being ablebodied & disciplined Men will give a strength & solidity
                            to our Regts which they will not otherwise acquire this Campaign. All my accounts respecting the recruiting service are
                            unfavorable; indeed, not a single Recruit has arrived (to my knowledge) from any State except Rhode Island, in consequence
                            of the Requisition of Congress in December last.
                        Should the plan be adopted by Congress, the sooner it is carried into execution the better. In that case, I
                            think, the Men ought to be recruited for the Continent, & not carried to the credit of the States quotas, with
                            whose Lines they are to serve: for without making any alteration in the Establishment, they may be annexed to their Regt
                            in such a manner, as that they can be formed in distinct Corps, whenever their fidelity and attachment shall be
                            sufficiently evinced, if circumstances should require. All the matters of bounty  & encouragement being arranged
                            with the Financier, and the particulars of the scheme adjusted: As soon as provision shall be made for their subsistance
                            on the journey, I will detach a Captian & Subaltern from every Regiment to receive & conduct them to the
                            Army, so as that they may certainly join the respective Regts at farthest by the first of June. In the interim, I would
                            beg leave to propose (lest the Enemy should attempt to counteract the design) that the business should be kept secret,
                            until it is ripe for execution, & then be negociated by some Gentleman of address appointed for the purpose—I
                            request an answer as speedily as possible, and have the honor to be your Most Obedt Servant

                            Go: Washington

                            P.S. I am just favored with your Letters of the 20th & 23d Inst. I think it would be well to permit
                                such of the Prisoners mentioned by you, to return to their Corps as can procure testimonials in their favor: I submit
                                the matter to your discretion.


Title: To George Washington from Benjamin Tallmadge, 27 April 1782
From: Tallmadge, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Greenfield April 27th 1782

                        I have this morning return’d from Long Island to which Place I have been on an appointed
                            Interview with S.G. & others. Inclosed your Excellency will receive the purport of the general Intelligence I have
                            collected. Tho’ C. Junr has not fully consented to continue his service in as ample a Manner as heretofore, yet he has
                            engaged to pay as much attention to the matter as his business will admit of, & to write, or Communicate the
                            purport of his Observations to a second Person. S.G. Senior & others will also assist. Indeed there are several
                            Persons who will jointly assist in this way, & at certain appointed Periods a Person is engaged to call on them
                            for the needful. We shall probably hear from them once in ten days, & oftener as
                            occasion may require. All intelligence in future will be communicated with the Stain, as Examinations & searches
                            are too severe at New York & down Long Island to risque it in any other
                            way.
                        Your Excellency will perceive that the necessary Expences of a person to ride from
                            Setauket to New York must be regularly paid, & for the distance
                            & time which he must necessarily take, your Excellency can calculate what Supplies will be needed. I have
                            furnished Stain enough for a few letters, & hope Your Excellency can spare a further Supply. I have the honor to
                            be, with the greatest regard, Your Excellency’s most Obedt Servt

                            Benja. Tallmadge

                            P.S. I will thank your Excellency to Convey the Inclosed Letters to Genl Chatellaux by the first
                                Express—I shall leave this place immediately to join the Regt.  B.T.
                        Words in square brackets are translations of code.

                     Enclosure

                                Dear Sir
                                April 24th 1782

                            I have just Recd from N.Y. the most Authentic Acct: The Troops in and about these Lines are moving about
                                the vicinity of N.Y. & the Ferry—There are 8 Hessian Regiments who do duty in & about N.Y. 4 others
                                the 40 & 42d Cantoond from Byards mount to Kings Brigde. The 38 & 54 together with
                                Robinsons Chore are about leaving Flushing for N.Y. Island. 2 Regts of Jagers Two days ago moved from
                                Hericks to Flushing—Two Battalions of Granidiers have moved from Jamaica to Bedford together with
                                the Queens Rangers—the 17th Dragoons Still remain at Hampstead. Arnoles Chore lie at New Wheck or
                                New Town, with a Number of Vagabonds not to be particularised—Col. Ludlows regt Lie at Flatt Bush—Part of a Regt of
                                Hessians formerly belonging to Burgoins Army do duty at Brook line In respect to Staten Island I, can only Inform you
                                of the 57th Regt who lie there—The opinion of the best Judges is that the No. of Troops do not exceed Nine thousand
                                men, some say only 8000.
                            The Gathering of the Troops about N.Y. & the preperations of the Flatt Bottomed Boats Indicate a
                                Speedy expedition to some Part of the Continent, where I cannot Say.
                            The Enemy are very diligent with the Assistance of 500 Militia In drawing a Line of Fortifications across
                                N.Y. Island just without Bunker Hill. It Consist of a Deep Broad Ditch Stockaded
                                in the middle of the Ditch. And is said to be Abbitis’d when Completed.
                            As to the Navy there is but one Ship of the Line  The Lion which makes the port
                                of N.Y.  Harbour & She is out with a No. of Frigates.
                            If you Intend to Attack N.Y. I pray you may be Sucsessfull, but the best opinion is, that who ever gets 12
                                Ship of the Line first with in the Harbour of N.Y. will be able to Defend the Harbour & reduce the Citty.
                            The Fleet from Charles Town brought no Troops except Invalids. we have no News from any quarter but
                                Hourly expect the Packet from England from which we expect some favourable Accts—Sir James Jay is Lodged in
                                the Provost and no person allowed to see him. As to the Contents of your Letter I have
                                not time to decipher it at Present. I could wish to See you if you come over. I am &c. &c.

                                S.G.


Title: From George Washington to William Heath, 28 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

                            Dear Sir
                            Newburgh 28th April 1782—

                        I have received your several Favrs of Yesterday.
                        I beg you to close the Matter of damaged provisions with Msrs Sanders—they will doubtless take them at what
                            they may be worth—& pass them to the Credit of the United States.
                        I am very sorry the recruiting Service in your State wears no better an Aspect—Liut. Robinson may remain at
                            present as an Assistt to the Minister of Service—If any Number of Recruits should be collected at the different
                            Rendezvous, Colo. Badlam I fancy must yet want additional Assistance. With Regard & Esteem I am Dear Sir your most
                            Obedient & most humble Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Anne-César, chevalier de La Luzerne, 28 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: La Luzerne, Anne-César, chevalier de

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters 28th April 1782

                        I am honord with your Excellencys Letter of the 20th Inst. inclosing Copy of a Letter from Count Rochambeau
                            to you, and a Letter for Mr de Quemy commanding the Emerald Frigate—The latter I sent immediately by Express, under cover
                            to the Governor of Rhode Island, requesting him to send it without any delay to Mr de Quemy.
                        Altho I can hardly think that the Enemy will divide their Force and take possession of Rhode Island, I
                            nevertheless thought it prudent to order all the Works at that place to be destroyed and accordingly Orders were sent for
                            that purpose.
                        The Treasure which came in the Frigate passed this place yesterday escorted by a Detachment of about 80
                            French Troops commanded by a Major of Royal Deux Ponts—but I am sorry to have been informed that the Effects of the
                            Officers were sent round in two small Vessells both of which were taken.
                        Mrs Washington begs me to present to you her sincere respects. I have the honor to be with much esteem
                            & respect Sir Your Excellencys Most Obedient & most humble Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Anne-César, chevalier de La Luzerne, 28 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: La Luzerne, Anne-César, chevalier de

                            Sir
                            Newburgh April 28th 1782

                        I received with much gratitude the remembrances, and compliments of the principal Officers of the French Army
                            in Virginia; and thank your Excellency for the trouble of being the bearer of them to me, and, the letter from Count
                            Rochambeau.
                        With equal sensiblity and pleasure, I received, and do now acknowledge, my obligation to your Excellency, for
                            the communication from your Court; which tho’ not decisive, are nevertheless important. The late instance of their
                            generous aid, hinted at by your Excellency and particularized by Mr Morris, is one, among a variety of important
                            considerations, which ought to bind America to France in bonds of indelible friendship & gratitude—never, I hope,
                            to be broken asunder.
                        Induced by that entire confidence which I repose in your Excellency—and a full conviction that a Nation,
                            which combines her force with ours for purposes, of all others, most interesting to humanity, ought not to be deficient of
                            any information I can give, to point objects to means; that an accordance of them may be inseperable; I shall, without
                            hesitation, give you the state of our present force, and my ideas of the increase of it by Recruits, from the best view of
                            it which lyes before me. It can scarcely be necessary to inform your Excellency, that our Military establishment for the
                            present year consists of 4 Regts of Artillery, 4 legionary and 2 partisan Corps, and 50 Regts of Infantry; besides the
                            Corps of Invalids—Or, that Congress have called, in pointed terms upon each State to compleat its Regiments to the
                            Establishment, the agregate of which, if complied with, would amount to 34,308 Men, exclusive of Commissioned Officers,
                            Sergeants & Music—Hazens Regiment and the Corps of Invalids. Of this force, 1 Legionary Corps, 2 Regiments of
                            Artillery, & 22 of Infantry; besides Hazens Regiment & the Invalids; compose the Northern Army—but as
                            Hazens Regiment is fostered by no State, discouraged from Recruiting by all, and without funds if the case was otherwise,
                            it must soon dwindle to nothing—being now very weak.
                        The present totallity of the Rank & File, exclusive of Sergeants, of those
                            Regiments which compose the Northern Army, amounts to 9,146; from this number the Sick—Men in different branches of the
                            Staff department—and such as are employe’d on other extra duties (which the peculiarity of our circumstances compells me
                            to furnish from the Army) being deducted, will reduce the efficient operating force of these Corps to 7,553 Rank &
                            File. And I should be uncandid if I was not to acknowledge, that I do not expect it will be encreased by Recruits, in the
                            course of the Campaign, to more than 10,000 fit for duty in the Field.
                        This Sir, in my opinion, will be the full amount of the established Regiments of the States East of
                            Pennsylvania.
                        To ascertain the number of Militia which may be assembled for occasional offensive operations, is more than I
                            can do; the general opinion is, that there will be no want of Militia for any enterprise we can have in view. Be this as
                            it may, this one thing is certain—that this class of Men are not only slow in their movements, but, undertaking to
                            judge likewise of the propriety of them in point of time, will wait till the necessity for it,
                                strikes them; which in most cases, is as injurious to the Service as inability or want of
                            inclination; Disappointment being the consequence of delay.
                        This observation I can not refrain making, because in all combined operations, especially those which may
                            depend upon the Season, or a limited period for their execution, it is of the utmost importance to be known.
                        The inclosed return, which is a copy of the last state of the force under the orders of Major Genl Greene
                            (which has come to my hands) will give your Excellency every information in my power respecting the State, and condition
                            of that Army—which was to be augmented by the Partisan Corps of Colo. Armand, consisting of about 200 horses &
                            foot. Independent of these, there are two small Regiments at Fort Pitt—one from the State of Pennsylvania, and the other
                            from Virginia—which are included in the genral establishment of the Army, but no particular return is here had of them.
                        What measures are adopted by the States of Georgia and North and South Carolina to Recruit their Regiments, I
                            know not—Virginia marched about 400 Men the latter end of Feby for the Southern Army; and an Act of the Legislature passed
                            at their last Session, resolved to raise  Men more; but in what
                            forwardness they are, or what is to be expected from the Act, I am equally uninformed—Maryland and Pennsylvania depend
                            upon voluntary enlistments; and are proceeding very slow in the business of Recruiting; especially the latter—It is
                            impossible for me therefore to say, to what number that Army will be increased.
                        This Sir, is an accurate state of the force we have at present; and my expectation of what it may be,
                            independent of Militia.
                        The Enemy’s force from the best information I have been able to obtain of it, may stand thus.
                        At New York

                                Regulars—includg their established

                                Rank & file

                                Corps of Provencials

                                9000

                                Militia of the City Refugees—& Independent Companies

                                4000

                                Sailors & Marines—according to the numbr of Ships which

                                may be in the Harbour—& this being uncertain, none can be

                                affixed

                                Present Strength —

                                13,000

                                Charlestown

                                3300

                                Savanna

                                700

                                Canada
                                 —Including British, German, and

                                Established Provencials

                                5000

                                Penobscot

                                500

                                Hallifax
                                —and its dependencies—uncertain but say

                                     3500

                                26,000

                        The above estimate so far as it respects New York, Charles Town & Savanna, is, I believe, to be
                            depended upon—the force of Canada by some accounts is more, & by others less than 5000—the regular British and
                            German Troops in that Country cannot exceed 4000; but in addition to these, are the Corps of Sir Jno. Johnson &
                            others; which I am told have been considered encreased by the disaffected of this & other states, who have fled to
                            Canada. but it is to be observed, that this force, be it what it may, is employed in the occupation of Posts from Quebec
                            to Michillimakinac; & on the Lake Champlain, through an extent of not less than 7 or 800 Miles and that, all these
                            Posts are dependent upon the former for Provision & Supplies of every kind. I am less certain of the Enemy’s force
                            in Nova Scotia than elsewhere. The number here given is not from recent intelligence and may be erroneous, as their
                            Garrisons are weakened or strengthened according to circumstances. Cumberland, Windsor, Annapolis, St Johns River,
                            &c. are Posts dependent on Hallifax, & included in the 3500 Men here mentioned.

                        If this state of matters can be satisfactory to your Excellency, or useful in the formation of any plans
                            against the common enemy, I shall be very happy in having given it.
                        Permit me now Sir, to express the high sense I have of the honor you have done me in communicating the
                            favorable opinion entertained of my conduct by the Court, & Nation of France; & to acknowledge my
                            obligations to those Officers who have inspired these sentiments. To stand well in the eyes of a Nation which I view as
                            one of the first in the World; and in the opinion of a Monarch, whom I consider as the supporter of the rights of
                            humanity; & to whom I am personally indebted for the command he has been pleased to honor me with; is highly
                            flattering to my vanity, at the same time it has a first claim to all my gratitude. It is unnecessary, I hope, to add
                            fresh assurances of the respect & esteem with which I have the honr to be, yr Excellys most Obedt & most
                            Hble Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from William Stephens Smith, 28 April 1782
From: Smith, William Stephens
To: Washington, George

                            Sir.
                            Sunday 28th April 1782

                        In the course of seven Years Service, I am only conscious of neglecting my public Duty two Days viz. Wednesday
                            & Thursday last—My feelings as a soldier are wounded—But my future Happiness and Prospects in Life greatly
                            depended upon their being spent as they were & under those circumstances I flatter myself Your Excellency will
                            excuse me. I am with my usual Respect Your Excellency’s most obed. Servt

                            Wm S. Smith &c.


Title: General Orders, 29 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To:

                            Head Quarters Newburgh. Monday April 29. 1782
                            Parole
                            C. Signs

                        The Contractors for Supplying Provisions to the Garrison of West Point and its Dependencies are after the
                            first of May untill some Alteration is made in the desposition of the Army, to issue to the first and Second Massachusetts
                            Brigades, the third Regiment of Artillery and such other Corps or parts of Corps as may occasionally be Stationed at West
                            Point; they are also to supply the troops at the posts on the Eastern side of the river in that vicinity, the posts of
                            Kings Ferry, Dobbs Ferry and Fish Kill—An issuing Store must also be established by them at Newburgh or New Windsor—The
                            remainder of the troops are to be supplyed under the Contract for furnishing the moving Army.
                        The Commanding Officer of the Garrison of West Point will upon application of the Contractors give such
                            information as may be necessary, of the number of Rations to be issued from time to time at the Posts above Mentioned.
                        The System on which Provisions are in future to be issued, First when a regiment independent Corps or
                            Detachment, are to draw Provisions, their proper Quarter Master or some Commissioned Officer appointed in orders to do his
                            duty, shall make out and sign a Provision Return Setting fourth in Colums the Number of Persons, with their Ranks Or
                            Stations, the Number of days to be drawn for, the commencing and ending of the time, both days included, and the number of
                            rations, this Return to be Countersigned by the Commanding Officer of such regiment, Corps or detachment; When the
                            Contractors shall have issued the Provisions and have taken a reciept signed by the proper Quarter Master, or officer
                            doing his duty, by the Commanding Officer of a Detachment, Quarter Master Serjeant or some person in his absence, not
                            under the rank of Serjeant, this return and reciept so executed shall be admitted at the Treasury as a sufficient voucher
                            for the Contractors.
                        2ndly. All orders for Provisions for General Officers, and the Quarter Master General, and thier
                            families, shall be signed by themselves, or one of their Aids or Assistants; and a reciept signed by the Servant who shall
                            recieve it shall be a Sufficient voucher for the Contractors.
                        3rdly. No person whatever, in the departments of Quarter Master Genel and of Millitary Stores shall sign any
                            order or return for Provisions, excepting the Heads of those Departments, or such persons as shall be respectively
                            appointed by them to perform this business: of such appointments the Contractors are to have Notice in Writing—No returns
                            are to be made for any but those who are necessarily employed in the said departments and who do not draw Provisions in
                            any other Character The rations allow’d to each individual must be fix’t and the returns must Specify the Number, Stations
                            or occupations of the persons, the numbr of days to be drawn for, the Commencing and ending of the time, both days
                            included, and the Number of rations in the whole; This return with proper reciepts shall be sufficient vouchers for the
                            Contractors—No fatigue rations to be issued in either of the departments of Quarter Masters Generals or Military Stores
                            but by the particular Authority of the Superior Officer, a copy of whose orders must be Transmitted Monthly, with the
                            Contractors Accounts.
                        4thly. Hospital—No officer or other person whatever, belonging to the General Hospital, shall sign or
                            Countersign any orders or returns for Provisions, or Hospital Stores excepting the Superior Officer of that department at
                            the post or place where such Provisions or stores are necessary to be drawn, such Superior officer shall make out and sign
                            two returns as follows viz, One return for all the Sick and Convalescents under his care, sitting forth the Number of
                            persons, the Number of days to be drawn for, with the commencing and ending of the time, both days included the Number of
                            rations, and at what allowance ⅌ day for each class of sick or Convalescents—also pointing out by different lines, what
                            regiments or Corps the persons belong to, This return with a proper reciept, signed by the Steward of the Hospital will be
                            a voucher; he shall make and sign another return for himself and all the Officers and others under his Command or
                            direction, setting fourth the Number of persons with their rank or stations, in distinct Columns, the Number of days to be
                            drawn for, with the Commencing and ending of the time, both days included, and the number of rations, This return with a
                            proper reciept or reciepts will be a voucher—When such superior Officer draws an order for Hospital stores he shall
                            express the Articles in Words at ful length, and the Steward of the Hospital shall sign a proper reciept for them in like
                            words also—No fatigue rations to be allowed any person in the department, except by the order of the Physician or Surgeon
                            Genl, a Copy of which order to be Transmitted with the Contractors Accounts.
                        5thly. All orders or returns for Provisions, for Prisoners of War at settled Posts must be signed by the Commissary of Prisoners or Town Major, is now to be Countersigned by our
                            Commanding Officer, if any—These returns must shew in proper Columns the Number of each rank and station as also the Women
                            and Children allowed to draw with the Number of rations to be drawn, the Number of days, with the Commencing and ending of
                            the time—No prisoners are to draw more than two thirds of a ration, and that without liquor, saving such who are allowed
                            otherwise by Capitulation; whose whole rations are allowed, Vegitables and other Articles are to be Substituted for the
                            liquor—In no returns is liquor to be drawn for the women with the prisoners, or any Compensation made for it, no
                            Provisions to be drawn for any Prisoners who are out at Work.
                        6thly. the Commanding Officer of any Corps passing a post, shall sign the Orders for Provisions for such
                            Corps, to be Countersigned by the Commanding Officer of the Post if senior, But for Detachments not Commanded by a
                            Commissioned Officer, the order must be signed by the Officer then Commanding at the post.
                        7thly, All soldiers acting as Servants with Arms, shall draw with their Corps, and all such soldiers who are
                            annexed to Officers and are without Arms shall be drawn for by the Officers respectively with whom they serve.
                        8thly, As all the victualling Returns are to be examined and checked at the War Office, in all the returns of
                            Regiments and independent Corps, the absentees will be accounted for on the back of the returns.