Title: From George Washington to Nathanael Greene, 24 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

                  Dear Sir

                     Head Quarters near York 24th Octr 1781

                  I wrote you on the 16th inst. giving a detail of occurrences to that time—on the next day a proposal was received in Writing from Lord Cornwallis, for a meeting of Comissioners to consult on terms for the Surrender of the Posts of York & Gloucester—This proposition the first that passed between us, led to a Corespondence which terminated in a definitive Capitulation which was agreed to and signed on the 19th—In which His Lordship surrenders himself and Troops prisoners of War to the American Army—marched out with Colours Cased, & drums beating a British march, to a post in front of their lines, where their Arms were grounded—the public Stores, Arms, Artillery, Military Chest &c.—delivered to the American Army—The Ships with their Guns, Tackle, Apparel &c. with the Seamen surrenderd to the Naval Army under the Count De Grasse—Lord Cornwallis, with a Number of his Officers, to have liberty to go on parole to Europe, New York or any other American Maritime post in possession of the British Forces, at their option his Troops to be kept in Virginia, Maryland or Pensylvania—these are the principle Articles.
                  A more particular Account will be transmitted to you, when I have more leisure, and a better oppertunity—which will probably soon present by Colo. Lee, who will be returning to you.
                  I congratulate you my dear Sir on this happy event—which has been produced at an Earlier period than I expected.With much Regard and Esteem I am Dear Sir Yours &c.

                            Go: Washington

                     P.S.  The Number of Prisoners is not accurately collected—but from the best estimation will amount to 7.000, exclusive of Seamen—74 Brass—& 140 Iron Cannon with 7320 Musquets are already returned—the Number of Seamen exclusive of those on board the private Ships, will amount to 800, or 900.


Title: To George Washington from William Heath, 24 October 1781
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                     Dear General,Head quarters, Continental village October 24. 1781.

                  I have been honored with yours of the 6th inclosing a letter to general Enos and other papers, to which attention shall be paid.
                  The british fleet consisting of 25 sail of the line, two or three of 50, two or three of 40 guns, about 12 frigates, and three or four fireships, with general Clinton, and, as is variously reported, from 4000 to 6000 chosen troops on board, sailed from Sandy-hook the evening of the 19 instant for the Chesepeak.  Every preparation is made in the fleet to exercise their talents in the burning way.  I, however, hope they will be disappointed in their expectations, in such case, they date their destruction in America.  I wish we were in a condition to strike them some capital blow in this quarter.  The arrangement of the troops they have left and our circumstances, afford not the least prospect of it—though probably some small enterprises will be attempted.
                  The spirit with which the militia turned out at the northward on the late alarm, and the seasonable arrival of the regular troops sent to that quarter, have I believe discouraged the enemy from coming forward—they had not advanced further, when the last accounts came away.
                  We have been for several days experiencing the want of bread, but measures for relief are adopted.  For the last week our supply of beef cattle has been so short as not to allow the one hundred head to be sent on to you.  How the supply will be in future I cannot say.
                  The board of war in a letter to me of the 8th instant observe— "The clothing at Newburgh will be appropriated for your army, and the materials at Boston when they arrive at Philadelphia, will be made up and distributed as his Excellency the commander in chief shall deem most expedient."
                  The clothing at Newburgh is that received from Spain; it is dyed brown—The whole quantity is insufficient for the troops now in this quarter.  I wish to be informed whether the detachments from the regiments here, now serving under your Excellency’s immediate command are to considered in the distributions, or whether your Excellency intends their being supplied at Philadelphia.  It is necessary this should be known before the distribution.  If those detached to the southward are included, the quantity of clothing at Newburgh will be very insufficient. The best clothed men have been detached—Many of those left are in such a naked condition, that I cannot much longer defer the issue, without their being rendered unfit for service.  I have the honor to be With the highest respect Your Excellency’s Most obedient servant

                     W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from Robert Lawson, 24 October 1781
From: Lawson, Robert
To: Washington, George

                  Sir,

                     Camp Drinking Spring—9 Miles from Wmsburg Octo 24th 1781

                  I do myself the honor to enclose to your Excellency, a Return of the Prisoners committed to the care of the Escort under my command, which I have reason to believe to be a correct one.
                  I have had no reports to me of desertion as yet; but I fear that should they be dispos’d to desert in the Night time, it will not be in my power to prevent it: for the number of militia with me does not amount to one thousand; the greater part of which number will be entitled to discharges in about six or seven days from this time.  Those who remain are so very impatient to get home (which added to the many discharg’d daily as unfit to march) that my task is inconceivably irksome.
                  I am not certain whether this Return corresponds with that made by the Commissary of Prisoners, who has made none to me.  With the greatest respect I have the honor to be, Sir, Your Excellencys Most Obedt & very humble servt

                     Ro: Lawson B.G.M.


Title: To George Washington from Elizabeth Nicholas Randolph, 24 October 1781
From: Randolph, Elizabeth Nicholas
To: Washington, George

                     Williamsburgh Oct. 24th 1781

                  Mrs Randolph’s compliments to Genrl Washington, rejoices with him on the happy termination of this grand affair.  and sincerely congratulates him on his personal safety.
                  Mrs Randolph is sorry as an individual, to be under the necessity of taking one moment of the generals time, so constantly employ’d for the public good.  but knows no other way of redress for injuries complain’d of in the inclosed.  and begs his directions how to proceed.


Title: From George Washington to David Ross, Jr., 24 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Ross, David, Jr.

                     Sir
                     Head Quarters 24th Octo. 1781

                  In Answer to your Queries of Yesterday, The Negroes that have been retaken, from whatever State, whose Owners do not appear, should all be treated in the same Manner, & sent into the County to work for their Victuals & Cloathes, & advertised in the States they came from—Those from N. York, are most probably the property of Inhabitants of that State & N. Jersey—and should be there Advertised—If any Officers, knowing who the Owners are, will undertake to send them Home, they may be delivered to them—the other Steps taken by you are proper & Expedient—The Negroes may be furnished with two Days Provisions to carry them to Williamsburgh, where there is a State Commissary.  I am &ca

                     G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Claude-Anne, Marquis de Saint-Simon, 24 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Saint-Simon, Claude-Anne, Marquis de

                     Sir.
                     Camp near York 24 Oct. 81

                  I cannot suffer you to leave this Country, without testifying my sense of the distinguished services which you have rendered the Allies during your stay.
                  The Division which you command animated by your orders and deriving every advantage from your dispositions—executed their debarkation and junction with the American troops, with a promptness and Security which were essential to that interesting operation.
                  The military ardour and perfect discipline for which they have been conspicuous in the separate Attack & during the other operations of the Siege, your judicious measures as judicious as vigorous on all occasions— have secured you the esteem of this country—they will at all times claim my particular applause—and I entreat you to accept my warmest acknowlegements.
                  I request you will be pleased to be the Interpreter of my sentiments to your Officers and Soldiers, and to express my Thanks to the Baron De St Simon, for the well concerted and spirited attack which he made upon the Enemy at the commencement of the investment—and the important service he rendered by dislodging the Enemy from their advanced Posts.
                  If any of the horses delivered to you for the Campaign will be acceptable to you for your own riding in the Islands—I request you will do me the honor to accept two of them.
                  I should be happy to be able to mark more particularly the sentiments of Esteem and attachment, with which—


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Sumter, Jr., 24 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Sumter, Thomas, Jr.

                     Sir
                     Head Quarters near York Octr 24th 1781
                  I have been favored with your Letter of the 20th inst.  Before this reaches you you will probably be informed of the great success of the Combined Armies in this Quarter, the particulars of which are in the inclosed Letter to Genal Greene, which   left open for your perusal after which you will  the Letter and forward it to General Greene by the earliest conveyance.
                  Any movements of the Enemy should take place at the Southward, as any occurances worth notice, I wish you to inform me of as early as possible.  I am with respect Your Most Obedt Humble Servant

                     Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Jethro Sumner, 24 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Sumner, Jethro

                     Sir
                     Head Quarters near York Oct. 24th 1781

                  I have been favored with your Letter of the 20th—Before this reaches you, you will probably be informed of the great success of the Arms in this Quarter, the particulars of which are in the inclosed Letter to Genl Greene which is left open for your perusal; after which you will seal the Letter & forward it to Genl Greene by the earliest conveyance—Any movements of the Enemy that take place at the Southward or any occurrance worth notice, I wish you to inform me of as early as possible. I am, with respect, Your Most Obedt Humble Servant.


Title: General Orders, 25 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                     Head Quarters near York Thursday October 25th 1781
                     Parole Normandy
                     Countersigns Burgundy Champaign

                  For the Day tomorrow
                  Brigadier General HazenLieutenant Colonel AdamsMajor James HamiltonBrigade Major LloydBrigadier General Hazen’s brigade to furnish the Guards and fatigue Parties for York tomorrow.
                  The Inspector of the Division which furnishes the Guards for the Day will wait on Major General St Clair for his Orders.
                  General Wayne’s brigade will furnish the Party for levelling the works tomorrow.
                  In future the Guard will mount at 8 o’clock.
                  After Orders.
                  It having been represented that many Negroes and Mulattoes the property of Citizens of these States have concealed themselves on board the Ships in the harbor, that some still continue to attach themselves to British Officers and that others have attempted to impose themselves upon the officers of the French and American Armies as Freemen and to make their escapes in that manner.  In order to prevent their succeeding in such practices All Officers of the Allied Army and other persons of every denomination concerned are directed not to suffer any such negroes or mulattoes to be retained in their Service but on the contrary to cause them to be delivered to the Guards which will be establish’d for their reception at one of the Redoubts in York and another in Gloucester.  Mr David Ross will have the superintendency and will give passes to enable them to return to their Masters or where that is not practicable will have directions to make other provision for them.  Any Negroes or mulattoes who are free upon proving the same will be left to their own disposal.
                  The Gentlemen of the American Army who have made return to the Orderly Office of negroes in their possession agreeably to the Order of the 9th instant are desired to deliver them to the above mentioned Mr David Ross this day or tomorrow.
                  The General Officer of the day is requested to establish a Guard in York and the Commandant of Gloucester another at that post for the reception of negroes agreeably to the above order.
                  Discharging of fire arms in the vicinity of Camp is prohibited on pain of immediate and exemplary Punishment.


Title: From George Washington to Charles, marquis de La Rouërie Armand Tuffin, 25 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Armand Tuffin, Charles, marquis de La Rouërie

                     Sir
                     Camp near York 25th Octr 1781

                  You may enlist from the Troops of any State, men whose term of Service will expire on or before the first of Jany next; and if you should find this difficult, you may obtain by Draft (with the consent of the Persons) Fifty men in the proportion below.
                  Colonel Moylan is ordered to take a general Superintendency of all the Cavalry, & will have orders to furnish you with the Horses you require, if they are to be had—When the Infantry of your Corps is raised, Arms & Accoutrements may be drawn for them—or if any part is now actually wanted, they may be drawn immediately.
                  I wish to be informed at what time and for what purpose, your Saddles, Bridles, Pistols, Swords, & other Articles were taken by the Marquis de la Fayette—& whether it was on these you depended to mount your Dragoons.
                  As all the Cavalry will move to the Southward, Petersburg will be the place of Rendevous—The Officers whose exchange you particularly apply for will be released in the manner you mention—And I hope the others will soon be restored to their respective Commands by a general Exchange.  With much esteem and regard I am Sir Your Most Obedt Servant.
                  MenNew Hampshire3Massachusetts14Rhode Island2Connecticut7New York3New Jersey3Pennsylvania7Maryland6Virginia 550


Title: From George Washington to François-Joseph-Paul, comte de Grasse-Tilly, 25 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Grasse-Tilly, François-Joseph-Paul, comte de

                  Sir

                     Head Quarters 25th Octob. 1781.

                  I have the Honor to transmit to Your Excellency the inclosed Letter from Lord Cornwallis to the Marquis, with one from the latter to me, on the Subject of the Cartels detained by your Excellency—As the Circumstances of those Vessels have been fully explained to you, I submit the final Determination to Your Excellency.
                  I take the Liberty also to transmit to you, a Letter Handed to me by One of the Aides D. Camp of the Marquis, from the Trade of No. Carolina—if it is in your power to comply to the Wishes of those Gentlemen in grantg the Relief they request—it will add to those obligations which those States are already under to your Excellencys Goodness—& be particularly agreable to me.  I have the Honor to be

                     G.W.


Title: From George Washington to François-Joseph-Paul, comte de Grasse-Tilly, 25 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Grasse-Tilly, François-Joseph-Paul, comte de

                     Sir
                     Head Quarters Octr 25th 1781

                  I have to thank your Excellency for the Letters which you did me the honor to write by the Viscount De Montguyot & two others which I have received since.  it will make me happy to do every thing in my power to render that Officer’s present station agreeable, & to ficilitate as much as possible his accomplishment of the objects of it. I accept with thankfulness the offer that your Excellency is so good as to make of Boats for the use of the Army; your attention to us amid your extensive & important concerns is a new claim to our gratitude.
                  I thought it my duty to transmit without loss of time, the reports of the British Naval preparations, tho’ I must confess they did not occasion me any anxiety;  The prisoners of that Nation here are a great incumbrance, and for political reasons, as I have already had the honor of mentioning to your Excellency, I am extremely desirous to see the departure of their Officers.  Lord Cornwallis on his part is exceedingly pressing to be sent away;  I have told him, that I expected the final arrangements of your Excellency.  I entreat Your Excellency to accept the sincere vows of Friendship, & the inviolable attachment with which I have the honor to be Your Excellencys &c.

                     G.W.


Title: To George Washington from François-Joseph-Paul, comte de Grasse-Tilly, 25 October 1781
From: Grasse-Tilly, François-Joseph-Paul, comte de
To: Washington, George

                     Monsieur
                      le 25. 8bre 1781.

                  j’ai l’honneur de renvoyer à Votre Excellence les differentes lettres que vous avés bien voulû m’adresser.  je vous avouë, que je crois difficilement à l’arrivée prochaïne de L’Escadre Angloise.  je ne crois pas qu’elle ait besoin d’une nouvelle leçon aprês celle qu’elle a recû le 5. 7bre.  je mande à M. de Rochambeau les dispositions que je crois à propos de faire pour le transport des matellots.  Il communiquera probablement à Votre Excellence cet article de ma lettre.
                  La frégatte L’andromaque va partir aujourd’huy et je n’oublierai certainement point les lettres que Votre Excellence a eu la confiance de m’adresser.  j’ai l’honneur d’etre avec l’amitié la plus sincere et la plus durable de Votre Excellence Le três humble et três obéissant serviteur

                     Le Comte de Grasse


Title: To George Washington from Nathanael Greene, 25 October 1781
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

                     SirHead Quarters high hills Santee October 25th 1781

                  My last letter was dated at Charlotte & forwarded by Lieut. Coll Lee; since which I have received your Excellencys favor of the 28th of september.  I am happy to find the army under your command ready to commence operations against Lord Cornwallis, but I am sorry to hear you think the Issue somewhat doubtful.  And it gives me great pain to find that whatever may be our success in Virginia, the circumstances of our Ally will not permit them to cooperate with us in an attempt upon Charlestown.  The great importance of their present services demands our warmest gratitude, but it is much to be regretted, that we cannot improve the advantage which our signal success would give us, as the hopes of our people, & the fears of the enemy, would greatly facilitate the reduction of Charles Town; however if you succeed in Virginia, it will enable you to support us more effectually here, if these States derive no other advantage from the present exertions of our Allies.  I will not suffer my self to doubt of your success; tho I can not help, at times, being greatly agitated between hope and fear, which alternately prevail from the many incidents that occur in military operations, which may defeat the most flattering prospects; and I find by letters from Congress, as well as from your Excellency, that Sir Henry Clinton is making the most rapid preparations for some important blow.
                  I mentioned in one of my former letters, that I had been concerting with Governor Burk, a plan for the reduction of Wilmington.  General Rutherford is moving down towards that place with a considerable body of Militia, and I hear the Enemy have left the place, and now occupy Brunswick, about thirty miles below and by preparations making in Charlestown, of small Transports, I think it highly probable, the Enemy intend to take off the Garrison.  But this is only conjecture.
                  Since the battle of Eutau, our troops have been exceedingly sickly, and our distress and difficultys, have been not a little increased for want of Medecines & Hospital Stores.  The malignity of the fevers begin to cease as the weather grows cool.  The enemy are all in the lower Country, and nothing material has happened since my last, except a number of prisoners which have been taken by our light parties sent out by General Marion.
                  Inclosed I send your Excellency a return of our strength by which you will see our weak state.  We can attempt nothing further except in the partizan way.  Some Riflemen have arriv’d in Camp from the Mountains—more are expected, which will enable us to keep up pretty strong parties for a time.  But I look forward with pain to December, when the whole Virginia line will leave us.  I hope measures will be taken, before that period, to reinforce us.  To arrive here seasonably, they must move sooon.  Coll Lee and Capt. Pearce, I hope have given you a full state of matters in this quarter, to enable you to take your measures without loss of time.
                  I transmitted by Captain Pearce, copies of all the letters and papers that had passed respecting Coll Hayne’s execution, mentioned in some of my former letters; and as I had not paper to copy them for your Excellency, I desired Captain Pearce to break the Covers on his arrival at your Camp, to give you an opportunity to see them, and inform yourself respecting the matter, as the business in its consequences might involve the whole Continent, & particularly the Military part; and therefore would ultimately rest with you.  Should he have omitted this matter, of which I gave him a particular charge, I will forward you copies by the first opportunity.  I wrote to Lord Cornwallis on the subject but have not got his answer.
                  You have my warmest wishes for your success and my hearty prayers for your safety.  With sentiments of the greatest respect and esteem I am your Excellencys most obedient humble servant

                     Nath. Greene


Title: From George Washington to Elizabeth Nicholas Randolph, 25 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Randolph, Elizabeth Nicholas

                     Dear Madam
                     Camp near York. Octr 25th 1781.

                  I have been favored with your polite Note of yesterday, and beg leave to assure you, that your obliging Congratulations are very acceptable to me.
                  I have the pleasure to inform you that measures are adopting, for making an equitable compensation to the Inhabitants for such Articles as have been taken for the use of the Allied Army—The Governor has engaged to have a valuation made of them—In consequence of which, the Quarter Master Genl of the American Army or the States Agent will be accountable for whatever has been made use of by our Troops; and His Excellency the Count de Rochambeau has been so obliging as to assure me that payment will be made for that proportion of Forage &c. which has been furnished for the Troops of His Most Christian Majesty. or if a descrimination cannot be made that it shall be done conjointly in proportion to the numbers of the two Armies.  With great respect & esteem I have &c.


Title: From George Washington to Abraham Skinner, 25 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Skinner, Abraham

                     To the Commissary General of Prisoners
                     Sir
                     Camp near York 25th Octr 1781

                     WinchesterArtillery193Guards46723d Regiment20543d Do30776 Do6252 Battalions of Anspach948Queens Rangers248Pioneers 333029Fort FrederickLight Infantry59417th Regiment20533d Do22571st Do24280th Do588Prince Hereditory425Regt De Bosc271Yagers68British Legion192North Carolina Volunteers 1142924You are to dispose of the Prisoners as above.

                     G. Washington


Title: From George Washington to William Smallwood, 25 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Smallwood, William

                     Dear SirHead Quarters near York 25th Octo. 1781

                  I have received your Favor of the 18th—The One Hundred & fifty-Nine Months Men, which you mention, will be of very little Use in the future Service Assigned to the Maryland Line, unless they can be immediately sent forward—I should rather think they had better (unless but little part of their Terms is elapsed) be retained in the State, for such Purposes as the State may have Occasion for—than to incur a great Expence on a lengthy march which will perhaps almost consume the Time of their Service, without any real Use or Advantage to the public—such Part of the Number as can be immediately equipped & sent off, you will please to order that they join their Regiments as soon as possible—I am Sir Your most Obed. Servt

                     G.W.


Title: To George Washington from George Wythe, 25 October 1781
From: Wythe, George
To: Washington, George

                     Sir
                      25 Oct. 1781

                  The professors of William and Mary are separated by various avocations so that it will perhaps be difficult suddenly to convene them.  The answer therefore to their address, if it please your Excellency, may be inclosed in a letter directed to me.  Permit me to interrupt your important deliberations with saying a word or two more upon the subject of it.  Last year, until the british invasion, the university was in a prosperous state.  A respectable number of young gentlemen in it were persuing their studies with such assiduity, and some of them had made such a progress, as I venture to say would have given you pleasure.  And many others had resolved, and were preparing to follow their example.  I have reason to believe most of them when the present necessary obstruction shall be removed will return and be accompanied with more.  There are, in one apartment of the college, a costly library and in another a valuable apparatus for making philosophical experiments.  I beg your Excellency to signify to the C. de R. that you will take it kindly if the officers who have charge of the soldiers to be lodged in the college be desired to prevent any injury to those articles, and the places in which they are deposited.  I am persuaded you will pardon my freedom and earnestness in this business, because I think you will attribute them to the true motive.  I have the honour to be Sir, Your most obedient servant

                     G. Wythe


Title: General Orders, 26 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                     Head Quarters near York Friday October 26. 1781
                     Parole
                     Countersigns

                  For the day tomorrow
                  Major General St ClairLieutenant Colonel HarmarMajor EdwardsBrigade Major CoxThe Maryland Brigade to furnish the Guards and Fatigue Parties for York tomorrow.
                  The Badness of the weather preventing General Wayne’s Brigade from working to day they will consider themselves for that duty tomorrow.


Title: To George Washington from Arthur Campbell, 26 October 1781
From: Campbell, Arthur
To: Washington, George

                     Sir
                     Holstein River Octo. 26th 1781

                  The southern Indians and particularly the Cherokees, have at different periods in the present contest, been an object of instrumentality with the British Agents for the subjugation of America—By means of the opposition of arms, and at times of negociation we have hitherto in a great measure frustrated their attempts.  So late as last Winter the nation was chastised.  This Summer in solemn Treaty they promised in future to remain in peace.  That transaction was but shortly over until the intrigues of the enemy by Tory emissaries, created a defection; and by a late account from Brigadier Genl Pickens of South Carolina hostilities had actually commenced in that State.  The major and most worthy part of the nation still seems sincere for peace and a friendly communication with us.  To improve this good disposition, to strengthen and increase our interest; I have taken the liberty in conjunction with other Gentlemen who are Commissioners under General Greenes appointments to recommend it to Colo. Martin the Virginia agent of Indian Affairs, to conduct two principal Chiefs of the Cherokee Nation, to your Excellency’s Head Quarters, that they might see with their own eyes the power of America, and hear from your mouth the fate of their nation.  Our situation at present is something critical.  Several hundreds of the best men of the Country are now in South Carolina acting under the orders of General Greene; an onset now from the Indians, on an extensive and unfortified frontier, might produce great distress.  The Chiefs whilst in our power may answer the purpose of hostages; or  thro their means, we may keep up the expectations of the friendly part of the nation, may confound and divide the counsels of those who are unfriendly, and contradict the arguments of the British emissaries, which may gain time until the important objects of the Campaign are gained, when our Rulers may have leisure to turn part of their attention to our insecure situation.
                  The various matters hinted at in this letter, together with some propositions transmitted by a former opportunity can be fully explained to your Excellency by the bearer, who is a Gentlemen that has distinguished in the Field and in the Cabinet, by his attachment to the interests of his Country; but thru the mistakes of Public Councils, or want in the Treasury, he is like to suffer losses. if you can put him in a train to obtain justice and extricate him from his difficulties, it may be serving the public as well as obliging a good man.
                  It is with no small degree of diffidence that I am impelled to address your Excellency on this occasion well knowing the great weight of cares with which you are already loaded; but when I contemplate you as a favourite of Heaven whose councils, and whose sword, are procuring blessings to millions, I make no doubt but you will rejoice in having the opportunity of doing us good; and it is my prayer that in the future sooner if your assistance it may add to your triumphs and to your glory.  I have the honor to be with the greatest respect Your Excellencys most Obedient Servant

                     Arthur Campbell


Title: From George Washington to Antoine-Jean-Louis Le Bègue de Presle Duportail, 26 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Duportail, Antoine-Jean-Louis Le Bègue de Presle

                     Dr Sir
                     Camp near York 26th Oct. 81.

                  In answer to your letter of the 24th I beg leave to inform you, that as no immediate operation requires your presence in this country,  I shall most chearfully second your application to Congress for a Six months furlough to yourself & Col. Gouvion for the purpose of arranging your private affairs in France.
                  The other request appears to me to involve difficulties that will deprive me of the pleasure which from a sense of Your merit I shd feel on every possible occasion, in promoting your views—In the general instance the infringement of the rights of seniority in so many individuals and the pretensions of some who have particuar claims upon their country, convince me that your desires could not be accomplished but at the expense of the tranquility of the Army—I cannot forebear addg at the same time it will always afford me the greatest pleasure at all times to give the most particular testimony of the zeal, talents and distinguished services of yourself and Colonel Gouvion—and entreat you to be persuaded of my earnest wish that you may receive those rewards from Congress which you desire, at a more convenient opportunity.
                  Cols. Laumoy and de Cambray will probably be released in a short time under a general exchange.  I am &c.

                     G.W——n


Title: To George Washington from François-Joseph-Paul, comte de Grasse-Tilly, 26 October 1781
From: Grasse-Tilly, François-Joseph-Paul, comte de
To: Washington, George

                     Monsieur
                     Baye de Chesapeack le 26. 8bre. 1781.

                  Je viens de recevoir la depéche que Votre Excellence m’a adressé.  je vous suis obligé des honnetetés dont vous comblés M. de Montguyot et je vous en fais mes trs humbles remercisments.  Il me tarde, mon cher Général d’être â mesure de voir si nos Ennemis veulent sérieusement en découdre. je desirerois qu’ils voulussent combler notre bonheur en me donnant la facilité de leur inspirer le respect qu’ils doivent avoir pour une armée victorieuse et qui sort pour ainsi dire de dessous vos ordres, et de consolider, à ce que j’éspere, ce bel attribût de l’honneur, (la liberté.).
                  J’ai mandé dês hier à M. de Rochambeau, le peu de moyens que j’ai pour passer le Lord à New york.  je proposois, si il n’y a point d’inconvenient, de faire mettre bas les canons de la Diligente et de la donner telle qu’elle est commandée par M. de Closuard au Lord et à sa suitte.  je pense que c’est le plus sur et le plus court moyen de vous débarasser de ses officiers et de remplir nos engagements avec décence.  Il est étonnant que le lord Cornwallis, ait excepté la Bonetta seulle, tandis qu’il a conté tous les autres Batiments; je le conduirois avec plaisir moy même, si la chose etoit possible.  je pense que dans ce moment cy, M. de Rochambeau vous aura communiqué mes reflexions et qu’elles auront convaincû Votre Excellence que le parti que je propose, est le meilleur, je m’en désisterai pourtant, s’il n’etoit point de votre gout.
                  Je reponds à M. le Marquis de la fayette au suject du transport de troupes dans mes gros vaisseaux ou frégattes par le bas de la côte;  je luy ai marqué et je le repête dans la même verité, que s’il ne faut que donner l’Escorte à des Bâtiments chargés de troupes et de munition pour les conduire a un point désigné, je ferai ce que je pourrai, mais je ne promets pas réussitte entiere, vû le temps qui me presse et l’obligation ou je suis de me trouver au temps indiqué, d’ou depend la réussitte des projets combinés des deux cours, mais je me refuse tout à fait à transporter ces troupes, ces munitions, &a. parceque si j’etois obligé de ne pas rattraper la côte, comme je füs obligé il y a deux ans de ne pas venir ici, je vous priverois malgré moy des forces qui vous sont utiles et même nécessaires; et que je ne veux pas en vous faisant du mal malgré moy, faire oublier le petit service que je viens de rendre aux etâts unis.  je sens que si ce projet pouvoit avoir lieu, ce seroit un grand etê trs grand avantage, dans ces parages et je les quitte à regrets.  Ce n’est qu’a la saison qui m’appelle ailleurs et aux ordres que j’ai qu’il faut sen prendre, etant par moy même três porté à humilier nos Ennemis et a faire tout ce que je puis pour nos alliés et surtout, cher général, pour votre gloire.  Votre Excellence me rend assés de justice pour etre convaincuë de l’attachement avec lequel j’ai l’honneur d’être, Monsieur, Votre três humble et três obeissant serviteur

                     Le Comte de Grasse


Title: To George Washington from Benjamin Lincoln, 26 October 1781
From: Lincoln, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

                     My dear GeneralCamp Near York October 26, 1781

                  As Count DeGrass cannot aid us in our most favorite object an expedition against Charlestown and if an attempt to reduce it is now made it must be independent of a marine force & as your Excellency has asked my sentiments on the propriety or impropriety of attempting it under those circumstances I do, on the fullest reflection, give it as my opinion that it may not be done with a rational hope of success—and beg leave to subjoin the following reasons on which I have founded my judgment.
                  1st  If we have no Ships of force to cover us and to possess the Harbour we shall be reduced entirely to a Land operation and must regularly approach the works of the Town in doing which we must contend with a heavy train of Artillery.  This will make it necessary for us to carry forward one equal at least which together with the necessary stores for a siege, if I may judge by the quantity brought here, and by what was used by the enemy in the reduction of that place, will exceed upon a moderate computation twenty five hundred tuns add to that the baggage of the army the stores in the Quarter Masters—Commessary & Hospital departments and the whole will not be less than three thousand tons to transport which it will be difficult if not impossible to provide teams.
                  2dly  As we must travel through a barren and a thinly inhabited country where forage cannot be obtained but at a great distance, to remove which it would require a large additional number of teams, as three thousand Bushels of corn will be necessary for each days consumption besides fodder This also would be too great a demand for the country to bear with others which would be increased by so large an Army being in it.
                  3d  The removing such a force with the necessaries for a siege through an extent of country of four or five hundred miles Cutt by many navigable rivers unprovided with suitable boats for speedy transportation would cause so great a delay as to shade, at least, every hope of success—And especially if the Harbour of Charlestown should remain open during that time for the reception of such supplies of reinforcements as should be thought necessary by the enemy to baffle our attempt.
                  Other reasons might be added such as the case with which the enemy might shift their situation should they find it necessary—The impossibility of bringing off the artillery & stores should the expedition fail for a sufficiency of Horses for this & other necessary purposes of the Army could not be supplied but I am confident I need not proceed.
                  If the seige of Charlestown should not be attempted this winter the troops south of the Delaware will be such a reinforcment to General Green as will put it in his power with the present force of the enemy to cover the country and reduce the British to the lines of the town.
                  The other troops will be refreshed by going northward to their winter quarters which will also cover that part of the country.
                  By the French remaining in this State they will hold a position convenient to give aid either North or south as circumstances shall demand.  I have the honor to be My dear General with every sentiment of esteem your Excellencys most Obedient servt

                     B. Lincoln


Title: From George Washington to Stephen Moylan, 26 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Moylan, Stephen

                  Sir,

                     Head Quarters near  York in Virginia 26 October 1781

                  Out of the Captured Horses and Accoutrements, and such others as belong to the Public, and are to be obtained; you are to equip the first third & fourth Regiments of Cavalry, & Colo. Armands Corps; & prepare the whole with as much Expedition as possible for a March to reinforce the Army under the Command of Majr General Greene.
                  Such Men, Horses and Accoutrements as belong to either of the above Corps are to be immediately drawn together at Petersburg or such other convenient place on the communication between this and the Southern Army as will be better able to furnish Forage and other conveniencies; from whence they are to proceed, without waiting further orders, to the Camp of Major Genl Greene, and place themselves under his command.
                  If there should be an insufficiency of any article to comply with the demands—if there should be a choice in the horses, or a difference in the quality of the accoutrements, I shall rely upon your impartiality & justice for equality in the distribution to prevent discontent & complaints.  I do not mean by this, that Horses or Accoutrements provided before the Siege or Capitulation of York are to be applied to any other Corps than that for which they were provided but to be considered and allowed for in the distribution of the captured articles in case of deficiency.  Given at Head Quarters near York in Virginia This 26th day of Octr 1781.


Title: To George Washington from St. George Tucker, 26 October 1781
From: Tucker, St. George
To: Washington, George

                     Sir,
                     Williamsburg Octr 26. 1781

                  I have taken the Liberty of sketching out the enclosed Articles which I beg leave to submit to your consideration, in case you should be of Opinion that the Expedition I had the Honor of proposing to your Excellency, should be set on Foot.  I am with the most perfect Respect Your Excellencys Most obedt hble Servt

                     S.G. Tucker

                Enclosure

                           c.26 October 1781

                     First—The Governor, or Lieut. Governor, Regular Officers and Soldiers to be prisoners of War will need Indulgencies as may be thought proper.
                     2d  The property of all the Inhabitants to be secured to them, except Vessels armed & commissioned against France & America, together with the property on board of them, and prizes not yet sold, all which to be forfeited.
                     3d  The Commissions of all crown Officers to become void.
                     4th  The Assembly to be at Liberty to appoint a new Governor and other Officers of Government (or to reappoint the same except the Governor) and the Island to remain under its present Form of Government under the protection of France untill the End of the War.
                     5th  The Inhabitants to be allowed a free Trade with France, America, Spain, Holland & all neutral powers; & such Indulgencies with respect to Great Britain, as may be deemed consistent with the Interests of the powers at war with her.
                     Secret Article to be proposed to the Inhabitants. That at the conclusion of the War the Island of Bermuda to be considered as an Independant State, perfectly free to establish such form of Government, and to enter into such political Connections as the Inhabitants may think proper.
                     The above Articles to be sent on shore at the West End of the Island and put into the House of some respectable Gentlemen, who being the best Judges of the Interests of the people may be allowed to make any Alterations not incompatible with the Object of the War.
                     The members of the general assembly for the parishes in that part of the country I should concieve were the most proper persons to whom they could be entrusted.


Title: To George Washington from Charles Cornwallis, 27 October 1781
From: Cornwallis, Charles
To: Washington, George

                     Sir
                     York 27th October 1781

                  Many of our Officers having repeated their representations to me that they apprehend that they lose the benefit of the Capitulation in that head, by signing their paroles in the form proposed by your Commissary of prisoners, I am under the necessity to requesting that you will be pleased to reconsider that subject.
                  I think it will appear to your Excellency that if they are to be subject to be recalled without substantial & previously specified reasons, their situation will be no better than that of Officers on parole by indulgence, from Captors, to whom they had surrendered without making any terms.
                  I take the liberty of inclosing to you the form of a parole, which we intended to offer, and which I thought would have satisfied you as being confirmable to the Capitulation, But I am by no means tenacious of this form, And shall be contented if you will be pleased to order to be specified in the paroles, the reasons (consistent with the Capitulation) that will subject Officers to recall, that their situation may be more precisely defined.  I have the honour to be Sir Your most obedient & most humble Servant

                     Cornwallis


Title: From George Washington to Charles Cornwallis, 27 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Cornwallis, Charles

                     My Lord,
                     Camp near York 27 Octr 1781

                  In answer to your Lordship’s letter of this date, I can only express my surprize that any of your Officers object to a clause which is essential to every parole—and repeat, that however inclined I am to comply with your Lordships wishes, I find myself in the impossibility of doing so on the present occasion.
                  I request therefore that your Lordship will be pleased to communicate my final determination to the Gentlemen who have made difficulties on the subject—and exhort them to sign the form of parole which has been already adopted if they are desirous of going to New York and Europe.  I have the honor to be Yr Lordships Most Obedt Hble Servt

                     Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Antoine-Jean-Louis Le Bègue de Presle Duportail, 27 October 1781
From: Duportail, Antoine-Jean-Louis Le Bègue de Presle
To: Washington, George

                     dear general
                     Camp before york 27 8bre 1781

                  when I am going to france it is so important for me to have here the rank of a major general that I Cannot easily give up the idea of getting it.  it appears to be a plan of the french ministry to give to the officers who have served in this Country a Rank inferior to that which they had here, accordingly being only a brigadier general they may very well leave me a lieut. Colonel as I am now in the french army.  I have many other Reasons for believing that I shall not acquire any superior grade in france if I arrive there only brig. general.  yet it would be very hard for me to have lost so five years, and it is for that Reason that I take the liberty to write again to your excellency about that matter.  I beg leave to do as all my Countrymen have done till now, it is to try what I Can myself with Congress and I ask of your excellency to treat me as you did them, not to oppose to what Congress should be disposed to do.  when I speak so, I do not intend to present a formal petition to Congress for the rank of major general because in Case of no success I should be mortified to see their Refusal inserted in the acts of Congress, but I may suggest them what I desire.  it is not improbable that the time of my services, the Circumstances of my going to france, the sense (permit me to tell it) of the neglect with which they have treated three officers which they asked officially to the french Court and which their ministers there assured that particular attention should be paid to them and their wants, all these things may dispose them to grant me and Colonel gouvion what we desire.  if so, then I shall see the effect of it in the army, if they do not appear dissatisfied, we will Come back.  if they appear dissatisfied, we will stay in france.  it will be Certainly with great Concern that I shall leave so an affair to which I am exceedingly attached and which I look upon as near the Conclusion.  but I Could not bear to be disagreable to the americain army.
                  So all what I beg of your excellency is not to interfere in this affair.  if it was not Concluded before you Come to philadelphia and the Congress Requires your opinion about our demand, may not your excellency be so good as to say something like this, that this promotion being not in the ordinary Course, you have nothing to do with it, but you do not pretend to set any limits to the favours of Congress & it should be only for you not to Compromise yourself without annoying us.
                  Now the other favour which I intreat your excellency is to do us is to give Colonel gouvion and myself a Certificate of our services.  the veneration they have in europe for your excellency shall make that piece the most important for us and the best support to our demands.  a letter for the president of Congress about the furlough if your Excellency thincks that my knowledge of this Country, of the means Required from france for such & such expedition Could be of some use to him I should be glad to have a letter for doctor franklin.  but I thinck I will have the honour to see your excellency in philadelphia where such things Can be done.  I have the honour to be with Great Respect and attachment your excellencys the most obedient humble servant

                            duportail


Title: From George Washington to David Forman, 27 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Forman, David

                  Dear Sir

                     Head Quarters near York. 27th Octr 1781

                  I have received your two favors of the 17th & 18th instant—and thank you most sincerely for the Intelligence they contain—which has been immediately communicated to The Count de Grasse—Whatever may be the Designs of Admiral Digby, I fancy the french Admiral will be ready to meet him.  Nothing is yet heard of the English Fleet near these Coasts.
                  E’er this you will doubtless have received my several Letters to you of later Date than the 24th of Septemr which you mention to be the last you had received from me.
                  I omit giving you by this Opportunity the particulars of our Success against Earl Cornwallis—as you will undoubtedly see published under Authority of Congress, a Detail of the whole, before this can reach you. With sincere Regard & Esteem I am Dear Sir

                     G.W.


Title: From George Washington to François-Joseph-Paul, comte de Grasse-Tilly, 27 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Grasse-Tilly, François-Joseph-Paul, comte de

                     Sir,
                     Head Quarters 27th Octr 1781—

                  I take the Liberty to submit the inclosed letter to the Inspection of your Excellency—It is from Mr Morris of Philadelphia, who is sendg two of his young Sons to France for their Education—and is takg the Opportunity of one of your Frigates for their passage—Mr Morris, exclusive of being my particular friend—is a most valuable & important member of the United States—and their financier General—in which Capacity he has particulary signalized his Character where his further Exertions promise the most eminent Services to the States.
                  Permitt me to interest myself in Behalf of the Young Gentlemen who will be presented to you—& to Expect that your Excellency will shew them every patronage in your Power to fullfill their Wishes & the Views of their Parents—In doing which I can promise you the most gratefull Acknowlegements of Mr Morris & Lady—at the same Time that I assure your Excelly that you will do a most acceptable Act to me.
                  Mr Ridley the Gentleman who will have the Honor to present this to your Excellency, is the Person mentioned in the Letter of Mr Morris, to whose Care the two young Gentlemen are committed—& whom, as a Gentleman of Character & Reputation, I take the Liberty to recommend to your Excellency’s Notice & Attention—I have the Honor to be

                     G.W.


Title: To George Washington from François-Joseph-Paul, comte de Grasse-Tilly, 27 October 1781
From: Grasse-Tilly, François-Joseph-Paul, comte de
To: Washington, George

                     Monsieur
                      le 27. 8bre 1781.

                  j’ai l’honneur d’adresser à Votre Excellence un cayer de signaux qui m’ont eté adressés par M le Chevalier de La Luzerne.  j’en ai pris communication et avant de les luy renvoyer, j’ai crû devoir vous les faire passer.  veuillés, je vous prie, en prendre lecture, et les faire copier, si vous le croyés nécessaire.  vous m’obligerés de les adresser ensuitte à ce Ministre.  j’ai l’honneur d’être avec un bien respectueux attachement, De Votre Excellence Le três humble et três obéissant serviteur

                     Le Comte de Grasse


Title: From George Washington to William Heath, 27 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

                  Dear Sir

                     Head Quarters near York Octr 27th 1781

                  I have safely received your two favors of the 5th and 11th Instant—I thank you for the intelligence you have communicated; and am much pleased with the success of the Enterprize against the Refugee Post on Long Island.
                  Having already transmitted to you all the Papers I had received, respecting the Enquiry ordered to be made into the conduct of Major General Howe, while commanding in Georgia, I can give no further instructions; until the pleasure of Congress is known, which I will endeavour to obtain at an early period.
                  There will be no occasion for forwarding on any more beef Cattle from the Northward for this Army.  Should there be a greater quantity of Cattle sent from the New England States, than the daily consumption of your Army shall require, I could wish the surplus might be salted (if practicable) at some convenient place on the North River; Otherwise it will be necessary for you to give Orders to the Agents and Commissaries, to prevent their sending more Cattle than you shall have occasion for.  I have also to request, that you will take measures, to have all the salted Provisions on Connecticut River (that which was formerly shipped for Rhode Island included) transported to West Point before the Roads become impassable.
                  You will before this time, probably have heard of our success against Lord Cornwallis, & seen the Articles of Capitulation published by Order of Congress—I omit therefore giving you the particulars.
                  From repeated intelligence received from the Northward, Admiral Digby has been expected, but has not yet been heard of on the Coast.  With great regard & esteem I am Dear Sir Your Most Obedt Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Thomas McKean, 27 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: McKean, Thomas

                     Sir
                     Head Quarters near York 27th Octo. 1781

                  I take the Liberty to inclose to your Excellency an Extract from a Letter lately received from Major General Heath—I beg you will be pleased to submit it to Congress & if any further Determinations are made respecting the Subject, that they may be transmitted to that Genl.  I have the Honor to be

                     G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas McKean, 27 October 1781 to 29 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: McKean, Thomas

                     Sir
                     Head Quarters 27th-29 Octo. 1781

                  I do myself the Honor to inclose to your Excellency, Copies of Returns of Prisoners, Artillery, Arms, Ordinance & Other Stores, surrendered by the Enemy in their posts of York & Gloucester on the 19th instant, which were not compleated at the Time of my last Dispaches, & but this Moment handed to me; a Draft of these Posts, with the plan of Attack & Defence is also transmitted; and 24 Standards taken at the same Time, are ready to be laid before Congress.
                  Our Operations against the Enemy in this State being concluded, it becomes my Duty to inform Congress of the Disposition I have made for the future Destination of the Troops under my Command—The Pennsylvania, Maryland & Virginia Continental Troops are ordered as a Reinforcement to the Army under the Command of Genl Greene.  I shall myself, with the Troops of the States to the Northward of Pennsylvania, return to my former Position on the North River & its Communications. The first mentioned Division, composing a Body of 2000 Men, under the Direction of Major Genl the Marquis De Lafayette, will, on their Way to So. Carolina, make an Expedition against the Enemys Posts at Wilmington in No. Carolina—to effect which purpose, they will be transported to a proper point of Debarkation, under Convoy of The Count de Grasse, who encourages me, if Circumstances & Situation of the Water will admit, to give them his Cooperation, so long as it shall be necessary to accomplish by a Coup de Main, their Object at Wilmington, immediately upon the Reduction of that Post, the Troops will proceed to join Genl Greene.
                  That I may not, from the Above Arrangement incur the Censure of Congress, or the States, who may have flattered their Expectations with a Prospect of my pushing my Operations further Southward than this State; In Justice to my own Endeavours, & for the Satisfaction of Congress, I find myself obliged to transmit to your Excellency a summary of the Reasons which have induced my Determinations—In doing this, I take the Liberty to submit to Congress, Copies of two propositions, which I have had the Honor to make to the Count de Grasse, with his Answers to each—The first, which was made immediately on my Arrival at Williamsburg, & is dated 17th Sepr—will shew, that other Objects than the Reduction of the British of the British Force under the Command of Lord Cornwallis, were early in my Contemplation; and will also declare, what were at that Time, the Sentiments of the french Admiral—The second proposition, made after the Surrender of the British Army, will evince with how much Reluctance I could bring myself to relinquish a further prosecution of favourite Views—In addition to these two Communications, Congress will scarcely need to be informed, that, having no Means of Water Conveyance, the Transportation by Land, of the Army, with all their Baggage, Artillery, Ordnance Stores & other Apparatus necessary for the Siege of Charlestown, if not utterly impracticable, would be with such Immence Trouble, Expence & Delay, as would (exclusive of the Necessity of naval Cooperation) be sufficient if it were not to deter one from the Undertaking—especially as the Enemy, after regaining the naval Superiority on this Coast, could reinforce, or withdraw the Garrison at pleasure—The prosecution therefore of the Southern War, upon that broad Scale which I had wished, being as I judged, to be relinquished, nothing remained in my Opinion more eligible, than to reinforce General Greene’s Army, to such a State of Respectability, as that he may be able to command the Country of So. Carolina; and at the same Time, if possible, by that Reinforcement, to effect an Accomplishment of the smaller Object mentioned—And to march myself with the Remainder of the Army to the North River; where they will be ready, at the ensuing Campaign, to commence such Operations against N. York, as may be here after concerted, or to effect any other purposes that may be judged practicable or eligible—Add to these reasons the Count de Rochambeau, from the exhausted State of his Stores, & other Considerations, seemed inclined to take his Resolutions to remain in this State with his Troops for the Winter—or at any Rate, Six Weeks, to refresh them.
                  Upon a full Consideration of the Reasons offered, I flatter myself, that my Conduct will stand approved in the Judgment of Congress, whose Approbation I shall ever be solicitous to obtain.
                  I inclose also, for the Observation of Congress, a Copy of my Letter to the Ministers of the united States at the Courts of Europe, conveying to them the Intelligence of our Success against the Enemy in this State—The Reasons for my Conduct, as Stated in that Letter, I must rely upon, as my Justification with Congress, for the Liberty taken in that Communication.
                  Unacquainted with the State of Politicks between Congress & the Courts of Europe respecting future Negociations, whatever our prospects from that Quarter may be, I cannot Justify myself to my own Mind, without urging Congress in the warmest Terms, to make every Arrangement that may be found necessary, for an early & efficacious Campaign the ensuing Year—Arguments, I flatter myself, need not be adduced to Congress, to impress on them the high Importance of this Idea—Whatever may be the Events of the coming Winter or ensuing Summer, an effectual & early preparation for military Operations, will put us upon the most respectable Footing either for War or Negotiation—while a Relaxation will place us in a disreputable Situation in point of peaceful prospects, and will certainly expose us to the most disgraceful Disasters, in Case of a Continuance of the hostile Disposition of our Enemies.
                  I do myself the pleasure to acknowledge the Receipt of your Excellency’s several Letters of the 10th, 13th & 14th instant—& thank you for the Intelligence communicated in them. Nothing is yet heard of Admiral Digby, with his Fleet near these Coasts—whatever may be his Intentions, the Count de Grasse, I believe, is ready to meet him. With the highest Respect & Consideration I have the Honor to be Your Excellencys Most Obedient and Most humble Servant,

                     Go: Washington

                     29th Octr
                     P.S. At the Moment of closing my Dispach, I am favored with the Definitive Determination of the Count de Grasse respecting the Troops I hoped to have transported to Wilmington by Water.  The Admirals Ideas are communicated in his Letter to the Marquis De Lafayette; a Copy of which is herewith transmitted.  In Consequence of this Resolution, & having no Transports, I am obliged to send on the Troops destined for the Southern District, by hand: they will commence their March in a few Days under Command of Major Genl St Clair—The Command of the Expedition against Wilmington, had been committed to the Marquis De Lafayette, upon the Contingency of the Troops being transported by Water—On failure of this Event, the Marquis does not proceed with the Reinforcement.

                     Go: Washington

                     My present Dispaches being important I have committed to the Care of Colo. Humphry One of my Aides De Camp whom for his Attention Fidelity & good Service, I beg leave to recommend to Congress & Your Excellency.


Title: From George Washington to Robert Morris, 27 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Morris, Robert

                     Dear Sir
                     Head Quarters 27th Octo. 1781—

                  I have just now been honored with your two Favors of the 17th & 19th Instant  ⅌ Mr Ridley—I have had the pleasure to take your two Boys by the Hand & Welcome them to Virginia—for my Countrys sake, I rejoice in the Sacrifice you are makg to your own feelings for the Education of the young Gentlemen —your Sons—in whose Behalf I have taken the Liberty to enclose your Letter to the Count de Grasse; & have interested myself with him   to shew them every Civility & accomodation in his power—which I dare say he will readily do, for your own sake, as well as on my Acco.
                  The Delay of my Letter requestg the Rum was really unaccountable—it has been exceedingly wanting for the Health of our brave fellows—it may however be of use Still—the poor Naked Lads deserve it—& will be rejoiced when they can receive its Benefits.
                  The money from your Draft upon Mr Ross I have received—the Thirty Dollars from Mr May I have heard Nothing of.
                  I have already experienced so much Benefit from your Exertions—that I cannot admit a Doubt of your good Inclinations to render the public every good Office—As I know this to be your Wish, I only lament with you that you have it not in your power to render all those Services which Your Disposition would lead you to effect—I am most Sincerely &ca.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Nelson, Jr., 27 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Nelson, Thomas, Jr.

                  Dear Sir

                     Head Quarters near York Octr 27th 1781

                  As the Assembly of your State is now sitting, I cannot omit so favorable an occasion to suggest to Your Excellency, some measures which I conceive our present circumstances & prospects require should be immediately adopted.
                  To recruit the Regiments, assigned as a quota of this State, to their full establishment, and put them on a respectable footing, is in my opinion, the first great object, which demands the attention of your Legislature—The Arguments which have formerly been so frequently urged to enforce the expediency of this measure, must I presume, have carried conviction with them—but unhappily for us; the situation of affairs, especially in the States which were the immediate seat of War, was so perplexed—and the embarrassments of Government were so numerous & great, that there could be hitherto, but a partial compliance with the requisitions of Congress on this subject.  Many of these difficulties are now removed, and the present Moment, which is certainly very favorable to the recruiting service, ought to be eagerly embraced for the purpose.
                  I will candidly confess to your Excellency, that my only apprehension (which I wish may be groundless) is, lest the late important success, instead of exciting our exertions, as it ought to do, should produce such a relaxation in the prosecution of the War, as will prolong the calamities of it.  While on the other hand it appears to me to be our only sound policy (let that of the Enemy be what it will) to keep a well-appointed formidable Army in the field, as long as the War shall continue.  For should the British Cabinet still persevere in their hostile designs, and the Powers of Europe interpose in their behalf, this is a Measure of absolute necessity—Or should a negociation soon take place, the small expence which will be incurred by raising & keeping up a respectable force, for a short time, will be more than compensated, by the advantages to be derived from it, at the pacification.
                  Since this State, is at present, entirely liberated from the Ravages of War, I must take the liberty of recommending, in the most earnest manner, that every possible aid, and assistance may be given by it, to the southern States which are yet invaded, and that General Greene may meet, with that effectual support from its resources, which he will now have a right to expect.
                  Had I not considered the present period too precious to be suffered to pass unimproved for the public good—and that vigorous & decisive efforts ought to be made, without a moment’s loss of time, for augmenting our force, and reducing the power of the Enemy in the southern States; I should rather have delayed this address, until the sentiments of Congress could have been communicated to you; but the importance of the occasion, will, I flatter myself, be a sufficient apology to them, and your Excellency, for the liberty I am now taking.  I have the honor to be With great respect & esteem Your Excellency’s Most Obedt Humble Servt

                     Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Timothy Pickering, 27 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Pickering, Timothy

                     Sir
                      27 October 1781

                  York & Gloucester being fixed upon as places of Cantonment for the French Troops, it is necessary for that & other reasons, that the British Hospitals should be removed as soon as possible; and it being impracticable to do this to Fredericksburg wholly by Land, you will use every means in your power to send the sick & wounded to that place by Water.
                  All the Troops from Pennsylvania to the Southward inclusive, are to join the Southern Army under the Command of Major General Greene; those to the Eastward of that State, will return to the North River—and Jersey—for the support of that Country & its communications.
                  Except the Regiment of Virginia & the Cavalry, the Troops for the Southern destination will, I expect, go by Water, & the Transports for them, in that case will be by the Vessels of His Excellency the Count de Grasse; and it is much to be desired, that the Troops returning to the Northward (at any rate the Sick, Invalids & Weak Men of those Corps) could be transported to the Head of Elk by Water.
                  There are many Pieces of Artillery & Stores in the Ordinance Department, which are to go to Philadelphia, and can be transported no other way than by Water; It rests therefore with you to determine on the means and mode of accomplishing these several points.  The Sick, Invalids & Weak Men of the Northern Troops, and the Ordinance & Stores may probably be transported in the same Vessels at the same time.
                  Under this general View of my intentions, I depend upon you to make the necessary arrangements for fulfilling them with all the expedition the nature of the case will admit.  You will no doubt be impressed with the propriety of consulting the Commanding Officer of Artillery, and Directors of the American & British Hospitals on this occasion.
                  Such Teams as you may judge necessary for the Southern Service, you will assign to it, the rest must be sent to the Northward; No Ox Team is to be included in the last destination, as the evil of spreading this disorder, the Cattle are siezed with, may be extensive & ruinous, if you should remove them to parts where the disease is unknown.
                  The Teams will return by the same rout they came, and provision must be made accordingly, & in time.  Let the Teamsters be provided with Axes that they may do no injury to the Fences—The Conductors must be responsible for all damages.
                  As the Northern Troops can be more easily supplied with Tents than those to the Southward, I think a sufficient number of the best now in our possession, ought to be applied to the service of the Latter.  Given at Head Quarters near York in Virginia October the 27th 1781.

                     Go: Washington


Title: From David Cobb to Timothy Pickering, 27 October 1781
From: Cobb, David
To: Pickering, Timothy

                     Sir
                     Head Quarters Oct. 27th 1781

                  The Commander in Chief requests you to comply, as near as possible, with the inclosed Instructions, & put them in execution as soon as the circumstances of your Department will possibly admit; as he is very anxious that the Army should remove from their present station—I am Sir Your Most Humble Servant

                     David Cobb
                     Aid de Camp


Title: To George Washington from Joseph Reed, 27 October 1781
From: Reed, Joseph
To: Washington, George

                     Dear Sir
                     Philad. Oct: 27. 1781

                  Permit me to mingle my sincere Congratulations with the general Applause on the late glorious Success of the Army under your Excellencys immediate Command.  I trust you will not suspect me of Flattery when I assure you that I think the Wisdom of the Plan, the Secrecy of the Movements & Gallantry in Execution will hand Down the whole to Posterity as equal to those celebrated  Enterprizes which have distinguished the greatest Generals of this or former Ages.  The Pleasure I feel in seeing your Toils & Cares crown’d with such signal Honour is too great to be supposed & I hope you will excuse this Effusion as the real & genuine Result of the very great Respect & Esteem with which which I am Dear Sir Your obliged &  Hbble Servt

                     Jos: Reed


Title: To George Washington from Marquis de Rostaing, 27 October 1781
From: Rostaing, Marquis de
To: Washington, George

                     au camp d’york le 27. 8be 1781

                  J’ai l’honneur d’offrir mes Remerciements, a Son Excellence le general Waginston, des armes qu’il a Bien voulû me faire donner En Remplacement aux grenadiers, et chasseurs de mon Regt.
                  Comme il me manque Encore cent trente sabres pour completer leurs armement je prie son excellence de vouloir Bien me Les accorder si cela est possible. Jai l’honneur D’Etre avec Respect de votre Excellence Le tres humble et tres obbeissant serviteur

                     Le Mrqs De Rostaing
                     Colonel Comdr Le Regt de gattinois


Title: To George Washington from Tench Tilghman, 27 October 1781
From: Tilghman, Tench
To: Washington, George

                     Sir
                     Philada 27th October 1781

                  I arrived at this place early on Wednesday morning, altho’ I lost one whole nights run by the stupidity of the Skipper, who got over upon the Tangier shoals, and was a whole day crossing in a Calm from Annapolis to Rock Hall.  The Wind left me intirely on Sunday Evening 30 Miles below Annapolis—I found that a letter from Count de Grasse to Governor Lee, dated the 18th, had gone forward to Congress, in which the Court informed the Governor that Cornwallis had then surrendered—This made me the more anxious to reach Philada as I knew both Congress and the public would be uneasy at not receiving dispatches from you.  I was not wrong in my conjecture—for some really began to doubt the matter.  The fatigue of the journey brought back my intermittent Fever, with which I have been confined almost ever since I came to town.
                  A Committee, consisting of Mr Randolph—Mr Carrol and Mr Boudinot, were appointed to enquire of me the several matters of a particular kind which were not included in your dispatches—They not only went into these, but into the motives which led to the several Articles of the Capitulation.  And I have the pleasure to inform you, that they were perfectly satisfied with the propriety and expediency of every step which was taken—and so indeed were the whole Body of Congress, except the So. Carolinians, whose animosities carry them to the length, that they think no treatment could have been too severe for the Garrison—the Officers and Ld Cornwallis in particular.  One of them, whose name I will mention when I have the pleasure of meeting your Excellency, made a Motion that the Officers should be detained untill the further order of Congress—This was unanimously rejected as an affront upon you—a violation of the Capitulation—a violation ofour national honor and that of our Ally, whose Admiral and General were parties—Upon the whole, Sir you may be assured, that the Capitulation is considered, by every unbiased person both in and out of Congress as highly honorable to the Aims and beneficial to the interests of both Nations.
                  I shall set out, as soon as I am well enough to ride to Chester Town, at which place I propose waiting untill I hear the Route which your Excellency intends to take.  You will therefore be good enough to let one of the Gentlemen direct a line for me to the care of Governor Lee with a desire to send it immediately over to Rock Hall, where I will leave orders to have it forwarded to me.  I can, by making use of this little interval, pay a short visit to my friends and look into my private Affairs, which much want my inspection.
                  Whenever I am acquainted with your determination I shall without delay join you.  I am too much attached by duty and affection to remain a moment behind, when I think my presence can render any service or assistance to your Excellency.  I beg you to be assured that I am with the utmost sincerity Yr Excellency’s Most obt and most hble servt

                     Tench Tilghman


Title: From George Washington to James Madison, 27 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Madison, James

                     Gentlemen
                      27th Octo. 1781—

                  I accept very kindly the Address of the President & Professors of the University of William & Mary.
                  The Reduction of the British Force in this State for which I feel myself highly indebted to the Noble Exertions of our Brave and Generous Allies, is a Circumstance which gives me great pleasure, not only as it affords a Return of peaceful Security to many of my fellow Citizens, but as it will, I hope, in its Event be productive of more extensive good consequences.
                  The Seat of Literature at Williamsburg, has ever in my View, been an Object of Veneration.  As an Institution, important for its Communication of useful Learning, & conducive to the Diffusion of the three principles of national Liberty, you may be assured, that it shall receive every encouragement & Benefaction in my Power towards its Re-Establishment.
                  The Sick & wounded of the Army, which my Necessities have compelled me to trouble you with, shall be removed as soon as circumstances will permit—An Event which will be as pleasing to me, as agreeable to you.


Title: General Orders, 28 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                     Head Quarters near York Sunday October 28 1781
                     Parole Paris
                     Countersigns Brest Toulon

                  For the Day Tomorrow
                  Brigadier General ClintonColonel Richard ButlerMajor RoxburghBrigade Major FullertonGeneral Hazen’s Brigade for Guard and fatigue duty in York and General Wayne’s Brigade for levelling the works tomorrow.
                  After Orders
                  Detail of Guards to mount daily in York untill further orders.
                  Main Guard1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 30Ravine do.1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 30Hornwork"  1. 2. 2. "  25Magazine"  1. 2. 2  "  24Left Redoubt"  1, 1. 2  "  20Robinson’s house"  1. 1. 1  "  20Commissary General’s"  1. 1. 1  "  20Okely’s Store"  1. 1. 1  "  12Quartermaster general"  "  1  1  "  12Provision Guard"  "  1  "  "   6The above Guards are to be formed on the Brigade parade and posted on the right of the Brigade previous to its marching.
                  A man to be sent every morning from each guard in York to the Gate by which the guards enter the town to conduct the relief for their respective guards.
                  At a Brigade General Court martial whereof Major Hollinshead is President.
                  George Leadbetter charged with Desertion to and being found in arms with the enemy was tried and found Guilty being a breach of the 6th Section—Article 1st—of the rules and Articles of war—and Sentenced to Suffer Death.
                  The Commander in Chief approves the Sentence of the Court.
                  The Court Martial whereof Colonel Cortlandt is President is dissolved and another ordered to assemble at ten o’clock tomorrow morning of which Colonel Ogden is appointed President.
                  Lieutenant Colonel Barber, Major Wyllys, two Captains from Muhlenberg’s, two Captains from Hazen’s, two Captains from Dayton’s, one Captain from Clinton’s, two Captain’s from Wayne’s and one Captain from Gists Brigades will attend as Members of the Court martial to try such prisoners as may be brought before them.
                  A Serjeant from each Division to attend, orderly to the Court.
                  All Evidences and persons concerned are requested to attend.


Title: From George Washington to François-Joseph-Paul, comte de Grasse-Tilly, 28 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Grasse-Tilly, François-Joseph-Paul, comte de

                      28 October 1781

                  I have had the honor to receive Your Excellencys two letters of the 26th and one of the 27th inst: I will not conceal from You My dear General, that the answer relative to the expedition against Wilmington was received with as much concern as disappointment—We cannot but deeply regret that the engagements of the fleet in another quarter are so positive, as to deprive us of the obvious and decisive advantages which wd result from farther cooperations—Every motive public & private makes me part with Your Excelly with extreme reluctance—but I flatter myself that you will compensate us as early as possible in the Spring—for the present my dear General give me leave to represent to you that the situation of our affairs requires your protection even here a few days longer—the quantity of Stores, and the number of troops which we have to transport by Water to the Head of Elke will be open to the enterprises of the enemy—the moment your Excelly leaves the Bay—and that the sudden departure of the flelt wd expose us to the greatest confusion and most irreparable Loss.
                  Our means of Water transportation are inadequate, and we have demands for them on all sides—Our new acquisition of Artillery &ca augments our embarrassments and we have not only our own sick & wounded but those of the Enemy to dispose of—I take the Liberty of entreating Yr Excellencys attention to these matters.
                  With respect to the Flags it remains with Yr Excellency to determine what ought to be done—and whatever you decide will be right.
                  The Signals Yr Excelly is so good as to send me will be transmitted as you direct and I am much obliged by the communication of them.
                  I cannot hope that the british have such an affection for the interests of the Allies, and Yr Excellys glory as to commit their affairs to the issue of a desperate naval combat as they pretend—It is conjectured by some that they will reinforce Charles Town, which they necessarily consider in imminent danger.
                  I will not take a final leave of you my dear General, because I hope that I shall have the satisfaction of hearing from you several times before Your Departure—I am much afflicted at learning the continuance of Yr indisposition—my ardent vows are repeated for your speedy reestablishment andI entreat You to give me intelligence as soon as possible of it and to accept the sincere assurances of the friendship With which I have the honor to be.


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Jefferson, 28 October 1781
From: Jefferson, Thomas
To: Washington, George

                     Sir
                     Monticello Oct. 28. 1781

                  I hope it will not be unacceptable to your Excellency to receive the congratulations of a private individual on your return to your native country, & above all things on the important success which as attended it.  great as this has been however, it can scarcely add to the affection with which we had looked up to you, and if in the minds of any the motives of gratitude to our good allies were not sufficiently apparent the part they have borne in this action, must amply evince them.  notwithstanding the state of perpetual decrepitude to which I am unfortunately reduced, I should certainly have done myself the honour of paying my respects to you personally, but that I apprehend those visits which are meant by us as marks of our attachment to you must interfere with the regulations of a camp, and be particularly inconvenient to one whose time is too precious to be wasted in ceremony.  I beg you to beleive me among the sincerest of those who subscribe themselves. Your Excellency’s Most obedt & most humble servts

                     Th: Jefferson


Title: General Orders, 29 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To:

                     Head Quarters near York Monday 29th October 1781
                     Parole De Grasse
                     Countersigns De Barras De Bougainville

                  For the Day tomorrow
                  Brigadier General WayneLieutenant Colonel AntillMajor FiskBrigade Major WilliamsThe 3rd Maryland and Colonel Ogden’s regiments for Guards and fatigue in York town tomorrow and the 4th Maryland and the 1st New York regiments will be employed in Levelling the works.
                  The Brigade which furnishes this days guards in York will also furnish three Serjeants and thirty Privates to bury the Dead bodies and Carcases and cover the other putrid matter in town, the Quarter master of the Brigade or in his absence one of the regimental Quarter masters will take charge of the Party and be answerable that the duty is performed.
                  If there be not tools in the Brigade the Quarter Master General will furnish them.
                  Major Gibbs is appointed Member of the Court Martial of which Colonel Ogden is President in the room of Major Wyllys sick.
                  The Court to assemble tomorrow morning ten ô clock at the Judge Advocates Marquee.


Title: From George Washington to Virginia Magistrates of Essex County, 29 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Magistrates of Essex County, Virginia

                     Gentn,
                     Camp near York 29th Oct. 1781

                  It is of essential importance to the public, that the British sick and wounded should be removed from York & Gloucester to the places of their destination as soon as possible—To do it wholly by Land (in our circumstances) is impracticable, and the means of removing them by Water is not in my power.  The best expedient I can devise is to send them up York river to the nearest point to Urbanna—remove them thence by Land, to the latter place, & afterwards by water to Fredericksburg where the Govr has directed provision to be made for them.
                  I must rely upon the Magistracy of Essex—& the principle Gentn of Urbanna—for aid to carry this measure into execution, & to this end is my address to them—The approaching cold season is among the least important Reasons for my wishing to see this business executed with dispatch.  I have the honr to be Gentn Yr &c.

                     G: W——n


Title: To George Washington from Baron de Frey, 29 October 1781
From: Frey, Baron de
To: Washington, George

                     Sir
                     Camp 29th Octob. 1781

                  I beg leave to represent to your Excellency that I obtained a Commission of Captain from the Honorable Congress the 2d of february 1778.  I Served in the family of Major general Marquis de la Fayette till after the battle of Monmouth.  in the Month of July following general Count Pulasky gave me a Company in his Legion—but on its reform being at that time a prisonner of war, I was unavoidably without a Command.  as Soon I was exchanged. by Count de Barras I followed and joined the army where I have had the Honor to act in the late Siege as a Volunter in Colonel gimats Regiment of light infanterie.  all that I now find left me is to intreat that if your Excellency is Satisfied with my Services in the Several Situations in which I have been placed in your army; that your goodness would imploy me in Such a maner as you please, being very desirous to Serve longer the United States or if this can not be done that I might obtain from your Excellency a recommandation of my Services to Congress, as in this case I am determined to return to Europe—I hope Your Excellency will be pleased to take my present Situation into Consideration and let me Know as Soon as possible your intention.  I have the Honor to be with the most profound Respect Your Excellencys most obed. humble Servant

                     Baron de Frey Captain
                     of late Pulaskys Legion


Title: To George Washington from François-Joseph-Paul, comte de Grasse-Tilly, 29 October 1781
From: Grasse-Tilly, François-Joseph-Paul, comte de
To: Washington, George

                     Monsieur
                     Baye de Chesapeack le 29. 8bre 1781,

                  J’ai reçû les deux lettres que vous m’avés fait l’honneur de m’écrire le 28. de ce mois, ou etoient jointes les vuës de Votre Excellence, pour la position a prendre par L’Escadre au printemps prochain, pour exécuter les projets les plus avantageux á L’amérique.  je crois ainsi que vous, que c’est á La Bayë de Chesapeack, qu’il faudroit arriver, si l’on n’avoit rien déterminé d’avance, mais je ne saurois m’arrêter a aucuns projets, ni l’adopter, parceque j’ignore quels engagements la cour de france peut avoir pris tant avec ses anciens alliés qu’avec les nouveaux.  j’avouërai à Votre Excellence que lors même que j’en serois instruit, je ne prendrois aucuns Engagements, parce que ma misérable santé ne me permet pas d’Esperer de suivre aucune des vuës j’avois proposé ou adopté et je pense que je ne suis point appellé a donner des soins a ceux qui me succederont, audessous ou audessûs de leurs forces; Il faudroit pour cet objet avoir mission et je ne l’ai point.
                  je prie Votre Excellence de vouloir bien adresser vos plans á la cour: je les enverrai moy même et je ne doute pas qu’elle ne fasse tout ce que les circonstances luy permettront, pour contribuer á la liberté de L’amérique.
                  Si les Anglois continuent a rester devant la Baye, je dois au Pavillon de les en chasser; je serois même parti dês hier, si les vents n’eussent pas été á L’Est.  s’ils quittent ce parage, je resterai encore quelques jours dans la baye de Chesapeack, pour protéger tous les mouvements de vos Bâtiments, pour le transport des troupes et de L’artillerie.  mais je prie Votre Excellence d’ordonner la plus grande celerité, parceque je ne puis vous donner que fort peu de temps.  je vous renouvelle avec bien du plaisir, mon cher Général, les assurances de l’amitié la plus sincere avec laquelle j’ai l’honneur d’être De Votre Excellence Le três humble et trs obéissant serviteur

                     Le Comte de Grasse

                     Je doutte pourtant que la Cour acquiesse a diriger dans ces Mers des forces Considerables dans le mois de Mai comme vous paraisses le desirer mais les operations Comencees dans le Sud prendront les mois de Juin et Juillet.


Title: From George Washington to William Heath, 29 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

                     Dear SirHead Quarters near York Octr 29th 1781

                  As the Troops belonging to the States eastward of the Delaware are preparing to return from Virginia; and as the season for placing the Army in Winter Quarters is fast approaching I have thought it expedient to give you this early notice of the disposition of the Troops, that preparations may be made for their accomodation accordingly.
                  The Troops of New Jersey, will remain in that State, near Morris Town, for the protection of the Country, and perhaps the Regts of New York will be stationed between that place & the North River to secure the communication—The Troops from the eastern States are to furnish a suitable Garrison for West Point, and the remainder of them are to be hutted, in the Vicinity of the River; upon the same principles & for the same purposes, as they were  disposed of, the last Winter.  In choosing the ground for your Cantonments, the defence of the Post of West Point, and its dependencies, is the first object of attention, and the protection of the Country from the depredations of the Enemy, is to be considered of the next importance—The latter, I think, may be much better effected, by keeping light Parties upon the Lines, than by establishing permanent Posts.
                  Being fully sensible that you are ever attentive to the health & convenience as well as the discipline & good Order of the Troops, I need not be more particular, than just to mention that the Army should be so disposed of, and accommodated, in their Winter Quarters as to render them fit for early, vigorous, & decisive action in the Spring.
                  I shall set out for the Eastward in a few days & in the mean time I am Dear Sir Your Most obedt Servant

                     Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Jones, 29 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Jones, Thomas

                     Sir,
                     Camp before York 29th Octor 1781.

                  You are hereby authorized and directed to deliver to the order of  One thousand stand of Arms with accoutrements complete, for the use of the State of North Carolina.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Sim Lee, 29 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Lee, Thomas Sim

                     Sir,
                     Camp near York 29 Octo. 1781

                  During the operations against York, Capt. Thomas Shilds was sent to the Eastern shore of Maryland in order to procure plank for the artillery and engineering departments.  The exigency was so pressing, that he was directed to spare no measures for procuring it.  Part of it he obtained by contract, and the remainder, 13,546 feet of inch pine plank, he was under a necessity of taking by impress.  It was the property of Wm Adams Esqr. of Somerset County, who has since commenced an action against Capt. Shilds, in consequence of which he is much embarrassed.  I have therefore to request the favor of your Excellency to take such steps as you shall think most fit for the relief of Capt. Shilds, he having acted only, in conformity to his instructions.  I have the honor to be Your Excellency’s most obedt servt.


Title: From George Washington to Benjamin Lincoln, 29 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Lincoln, Benjamin

                     Sir,
                      29 October 1781

                  All the Troops which are about to return to the Northward will be under your Command— and I entreat you to use every means in your power to dispatch them by Land, or Water, or partly by both, as circumstances may require.
                  The Ordnance, and Stores of every kind, must be dispatched, or in such train for it, as to need no further cover or aid from the Troops, ’ere they can move from their prest Encampment.
                  The Ordnance Vessels, and Vessels carrying stores of every other kind, should receive of sick, Invalids & weak Men, as many as they can transport with safety & convenience—after which if there is not water transportation for the remainder they must be Marched by Land on the Rout the Cavalry Teams &ca came from the head of Elk to this place.
                  For the reputation of the Troops & preservation of property, you will use your utmost exertions to prevent every species of abuse on the March—destruction of fences is too often among the wanton injuries which are committed—a few axes and strict attention of the Officers will infallibly prevent this and I trust it will be done.
                  You will be able after informing yourself of the extent of the water transportation to determine on the number of Men which must March by Land and make your arrangements with the Quarter Master General accordingly.
                  If there are any Men upon Detachment, they are to be called in & searched with their Regts.  A sufficient number of Officers must be left to carry on the sick & Invalids as fast as they recover; some good Field Officer should remain to superintend their business.


Title: From George Washington to Alexander Martin, 29 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: Martin, Alexander

                     Sir,
                     Camp near Yorktown in Virginia, 29 Octo. 1781

                  I have received your letter of the , and am happy that the late acquisition of arms we have received, by the surrender of the enemy in this quarter, has put it in my power to supply the State of North Carolina with a number, which cannot fail of being very useful.  Enclosed is an order on Mr Jones D.F.C.M. Stores for one thousand arms and accoutrements complete, which he will deliver to your order, at Richmond in this State, on the application of a person properly authorized to receive them.  As we have not the means of transportation for these arms, it will be necessary for your State to make the arrangements for that purpose.  I have the honor to be, Sir, your most obet Servt

                     P.S.  to the above—It is to be understood that this Quantity of Arms is not designed to be indiscriminately placed in the Hands of the Militia at large; but is to be considered as a Deposit in the Hands of Government, to be made use of on particular Occasions—& for which the State is to be responsible.

                     G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Arthur St. Clair, 29 October 1781
From: Washington, George
To: St. Clair, Arthur

                     Sir
                      29 October 1781

                  The Detachment of which you will have the command, for the Southward, is to consist of the Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia Continental Troops.
                  You will march them by the most convenient route, and in the most expeditious manner (without fatiguing the Troops) towards Wilmington in North Carolina; of which, or other Posts in that State, you will endeavour to dispossess the Enemy, if their situation, from the intelligence you shall receive as you advance, shall, in your judgment, render it practicable, and advisable—If it does not, you will continue your March to the Southern Army, and put yourself under the command of Major Genl Greene.
                  As Wilmington, & other places in North Carolina, may cease to be objects, from a change of circumstances in the State to the Southward of this, it will be necessary for you to open an immediate communication by Letter with General Greene, & govern yourself by his advice & orders; and it may be well to communicate (in confidence) to the Executive of the State of North Carolina the enterprize against Wilmington, that you may procure such information & aid, as it may be in their power to give.
                  For Ordnance & Stores—and for the means of transportation, & other matters in the Quarter Masters Department, you will consult General Knox & Colonel Pickering—And will make your Arrangements with the Commissary or State Agent for Supplies of Provision.  Given at Head Quarters Near York in Virginia This 29th day of Octr 1781.

                     Go: Washington