Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Ferdinand Desrivières, 22 April 1778: résumé
From: Desrivières, Ferdinand
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Paris, April 22, 1778, in French: I am a man, and French; no wonder, then, that I am concerned with the Americans’ cause. At the start of their quarrel I wrote the Minister of Marine that I could take three to four hundred men to Canada without evoking British protests, but I was not listened to. Some ten months ago I printed a small pamphlet in which, by expatiating on England’s evil colonial policy and the unworthy trade of some German princes in their subjects’ blood, I tried to stir the sympathy for a people fighting to be free. The work, although it evoked some favorable response, was confiscated last September; the copies have not been returned to me.
You perhaps ask why I am not in the American army? My principles until now have stood in the way; bearing arms in a cause not endorsed by one’s country makes one a mercenary murderer. The present alliance rids me of my scruples, and I ask for service of any kind under the banner of Congress. I do not worry about recompense. Generals like yours will appreciate a soldier, and for years I have striven to show myself one by my actions and my writings. The latter have been praised by experts, and the most glorious praise came from Voltaire in 1767. His letter was headed by some verse that modesty prevents my quoting. Such noble words would have furthered my fortune, except that envy would have kept them from being heard; running a man down costs less than rewarding him. I am not complaining. I will gladly shed my blood for my prince, and I respect those in authority under him; they must judge by what they hear, without determining what is true or false, and I value myself too much to bother about the false.
Let me repeat the assurances of respect that I gave you publicly in the Journal de politique et de littérature of the 15th of this month.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Gamba & Archdeacon, 22 April 1778
From: Gamba & Archdeacon
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monseigneur
Dunkerque le 22 d’avril 1778
Notre Gamba eut L’honneur d’écrire a votre excellence le 4e de ce mois et prit la liberté de luy offrir ses services pour occuper icy la place de consul ou agent pour le commerce de vos colonies et seroit bien flatté ainsi que nous d’avoir à ce point l’honneur de votre confiance.
Les officiers de notre douanne ayant refusé l’expédition de votre Rum même a l’addresse de M. Dechallut, nous avons été obligés de luy en écrire pour qu’il les y autorisat, et sa Réponse que nous leur avons remise, les y ayant déterminé, nous venons, Monseigneur, de faire cet envoy en un panier contenant quarante Bouteilles que nous espérons qui vous seront rendûes bien conditionnés. Nous serons bien flattés de voir naitre des occasions d’etre utiles a votre excellence et Luy prouver les sentimens respectueux avec lesquels nous avons l’honneur d’etre Monseigneur de votre excellence Les très humbles et très obéissans serviteurs
Gamba ET Archdeacon

Endorsed: Gamba and Archdeacon Consul at Dunkirk


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Vaughan, 22 April 1778
From: Vaughan, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
Bordeaux 22. Apl. 1778
I have hitherto deferred troubling you with a letter in hopes that I might hear something in this critical time worth your notice. Having from my situation been disappointed in my wishes, I write now to avoid subjecting myself to the Idea of neglect or disrespect. Your kindness and attention, which I shall ever gratefully remember, call for a different conduct; a conduct I pursue with pleasure, as it gives me an opportunity of making the only return at present in my power, that of affectionate thanks: Should however any occasion offer in which I can be of service, it will give me singular satisfaction.
I have found Mr. B the warm friend to England I expected, but am most thoroughly convinced that his conduct has been much exaggerated. He parts for England in a few days, his partner Mr. Johnson, being returned a naturalized Swiss. I am unfortunately almost entirely in English Company, and enemies to the good cause; and though private opinions here signify little yet it may be a satisfaction to know that even these wish for acknowledged independence, rather than a continuance of present measures. They are very uneasy at the present general uncertainty, though they say they have recieved assurances from the Ministry of being undisturbed. Many Neutral Vessels are taking up to carry on the trade, as in last war; probably many of the foreign Vessels now in port will be engaged, about 300 having arrived within the week loaden with Corn. The French have had very great arrivals of their W. India Ships, since the English Vessels were stopped, have been in part loaded with Tobacco; about 500 hhds have been imported within three weeks, price from 120 to 130 livres, probably will fall in value as great quantities are daily expected from the same quarter.
The English Vessels detained here are only about 13 or 14 and of small Value; the Captns. having given up all expectation of their being restored are returning home.
It has been reported here that Col. D’Estang’s squadron is sailed from Toulon for some part of America: If true you undoubtedly know of it.
I shall not at present take up more of your time than will suffice for a fervent wish to the Cause you are engaged in, and what was my principal view in this letter, assuring you that I am with the greatest esteem and respect your affectionate and obedient servant and friend
Jno. Vaughan

P:S: I wrote a line last post to young Mr. F. to whom I beg my compliments. I mentioned to him having forgot my thermometer. Beg my compliments to Mr. Grand’s family and Mr. B.’s.

Addressed: A Monsieur, Monsieur / Benjamin Franklin / a Passy / près de / Paris
Notation: John Vaughan


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Maréchal-Duc de Mouchy, [before 23 April 1778]
From: Mouchy, Philippe de Noailles, maréchal-duc de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

[Before April 23, 1778]
J’accepte la proposition de Monsieur francklin pour jeudy 30 Avril et le prie de vouloir bien se charger de le dire a M. son fils, a M. Adams, et a M. Lée. Je lui en serai tres obligé
N. Mal. D. DE Mouchy


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to ——— Le Roy, 23 April 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Le Roy, ——

Sir,
Passy, April 23. 78
Mr. Deane, who best knew those Affairs, is gone; but I think the Produce of Capt. Burnell’s Prize never came into our Hands but was paid to Mr. Johnson or to Mr. Carmichael for Mr. Johnson, who now resides at Nantes, and is concern’d for the Owners. Capt. Burnel should apply to him. Your kind Offices in his Behalf deserve Acknowledgement and Thanks. I am, Sir, Your most obedient humble Servant
B F
Mr Le Roy Interprette at Cherburg


Title: Dumas to the American Commissioners, 23 April 1778: résumé
From: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

<Amsterdam, April 23, 1778, in French: I received your letter of the 10th on the 21st and forwarded it with its enclosures to the Grand Facteur. He promises, once I present the letter, to back me with his influence. I came here and found our friend [van Berckel] ready to help; he agreed with the Facteur that the letter is perfect and the time is ripe, and advised me what I should add verbally. I return the letter; do not change a word, but sign and seal it and send it back. As for your letter to me, I will put it to good use. When Holland’s delegation left the Stadholder he was annoyed with them for not increasing the army; they will meet at The Hague on May 6, and it would be helpful if I had the letter to present as soon as possible in the session.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Vicomtesse de Flavigny, 23 April 1778
From: Flavigny, Sophie-Elisabeth Huguenin Dumatin, vicomtesse de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Au chateau de chambri pres laon en laonoisle 23 avrille [1778]
Le desir d’avoir de vos nouvelles Monsieur et de n’estre pas tout a fait oublié de vous aurait empeché euridice de garder plus longtems le silence même sens la raison qui le lui fait rompre aujourdhui.
Mr. et Md. de fleuri pere et mere d’un officier qui est passé il y a deja du tems au service des provinces unis sonts dans la plus grande inquietude de leurs fils dont ils n’ont aucunes nouvelles. Ce sont des Gens tres respectables ils n’ont que ce fils qui est un excellent sujet il s’apelle également fleuri. Il etait sous aide Májor dans le regiment de Rouergue il eut envie de passer chez vous Monsieur dans l’esperance de faire son chemin plustost il fut recommandé par Mr. le Maréchal de Broglie et obtint de passer comme capitaine du Génie. Depuis un an ses parants n’en onts aucune nouvelles. Si vous en avés je vous aurais la plus grande obligation de vouloir bien m’en donner et m’indiquer les moiens que ses parants peuvents emploier pour en avoir directement de lui. Si vous n’avez ni nouvelles ni connaissance de cet officier j’espere que vous voudrez bien faire ecrire en amerique pour en avoir. Vous estes pere ainsi vous partagerez comme je le fais les inquietudes de ces dignes parans et me mettré a même de les en tirer si il est possible.
Mon malade qui va infiniment mieu vous presante son respect. Il conte faire sa cour a Md. de chaumont au mois de juin. Il sera plus heureux que moi qui ne vous vairai qu’en novembre. Ho combien la pauvre euridice aura d’infidellité a pardonner! Elle fera bien je crois d’ariver avec ample provision d’indulgence: celle la sera plus necessaire que toutes celles du pape. J’ai l’honneur d’estre Monsieur votre tres humble servant
DE FLAVIGNY

Mils choses a Mr francklin fils c’est a presan que le printan ramêne le beau temps.

Endorsed: Made Flavigny


Title: Bill for Benjamin Bache’s Schooling, 23 April 1778
From: Le Coeur, ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin

  Les deux quartiers de Pension de Mr. Benjamin franklin sont échus Le 3 Avril 1778

 c[ouran]t
  254
l.t.

  un habit de Ratine façon et doublure
72

  Livres de Classes
  10

  5 paires de Souliers
  22
10s.

  une paire de bas de Soye
  10

  Semaines
  25
10

  Etrennes des Sous Maitres et domestiques
  24

  trois mois du Perruquier
  9

  Les carreaux de vitres
  3

  pour la fete des Ecoliers
  6

  pour Le Lait
  15
  18

  £451..
  18

J’ai reçu de Monsieur franklin Le montant du présent memoire a Passy Le 23 Avril 1778.
Le Coeur

Endorsed: Bens Schooling 451 l.t. 18. pd.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Fothergill, [before 24 April 1778]
From: Fothergill, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

[Before April 24, 1778]
There is, I doubt [not] one man in this kingdom who was permitted to be born for its chastisement, if not destruction. By education, by flattery, by disposition, capable of supposing himself superior to every other mortal, Unfeeling, unalterable. Perswaded there is no virtuous principle in mankind, and that no body serves him but for interest, determined to make it their interest to serve him, and with such he is surrounded. Intreatys, petitions are disregarded and their promoters stamped indelibly in the pages of vengeance and disgrace. Vice overlooked, impiety not discouraged, every thing overlooked in those who have the will, or the ability to flatter and support.
But what has brought us into such a situation? We have long enjoyed the priviledge of being as good, as virtuous and consequently as happy, as mortals could be, and we have neglected and forsaken every thing that could have made us great and happy.
At the eve of a war with united nations, the least of whom is at least our match, we are part of us immersed in pleasures, part in securing their retreat from power, with pensions and reversions, totally disregarding the publick good. The few who might be expected to step forward to aid our counsils, disunited, each pursuing his own opinion, and oposing that of others even in trifles. From such a state of things what can be hoped for? Nothing. Never was the justice of an Almighty providence more displayed, than by thus reducing a powerfull, enlightened, and yet haughty nation to the threshold of destruction, for their impious rejection of every dependance upon it. And plunging into war for causes the most unjust. I forget to whom I am writing. But my heart is as full of regard for all that has been connected with Britain as ever.
Save this devoted country from irretrievable ruin if possible; keep back the vengeance of France as long as can be done. Were the authors of our misfortunes to suffer, I should repine the less. But the sword makes no destinction.
Forgive the wretched inhabitants of Philadelphia if they sided strongly, from principle some of them, and others from inclination with their present masters, they have been severly Chastised for it, and still are. Attribute it to the weakness of their understandings, and their honesty, for this was really the case, and not to their hearts. Take no advantage of their mistakes. They are smarting under a rod sufficiently severe, and I find it has made many converts.
We are here of opinion, that good fortune still awaits us, that you will quarrel and yet become an easy prey; That the nation will rise as one man to assert their superiority over every other kingdom and tho’ one arm is cut off, and the other tied behind her, yet Brittain by only shewing her teeth, will affright every foe. Is not this judicial blindness? From sheer ignorance and imposition the majority here has been against you but feeling has no fellow. And we now begin to feel in good earnest, but it is only the beginning. Publick and private credit are fast, very fast declining. Yet one man refuses his consent to any change of measures.
How often have I pleaded with all within my reach to send full powers to treat for a commercial union? I knew my Friends liberality of sentiment, his love to this country and many in it, would make him forget the injurys he had receved, and have said that I knew he was incapable of admitting the behaviour of those who had strove to disgrace him, even for a single moment to prevent him from cooperating for the publick, lasting benefit of both countrys. But where must I end? with the most fervent wishes for the long life and health and immortal happiness of all who are Disinterested Friends to the libertys of Mankind.

Notation: Fothergill


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to Vergennes, 24 April 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de

This description of the visit from Franklin’s old friend, David Hartley, raises the question of its purpose. North approved his coming, Hartley had written in February; he later said that he had been offered, apparently in March, written power to treat. All of this, however, was before Pulteney’s mission, which might have been expected to preclude further overtures. Hartley came with North’s approval, nevertheless, and had an active ten days. He sounded out Arthur Lee and Izard on a question that he did not raise with Franklin: could Britain be guaranteed possession of Canada, Halifax, and Nova Scotia? In return for such a guarantee, he hinted, Florida might be ceded. The United States would never negotiate, the two Americans replied, while Britain retained an inch of soil on the continent. Hartley then told them, to create uneasiness, that he was to have an audience with Vergennes; and this, surprisingly enough, he had. On the 29th he returned home and, according to his later statement, brought with him a proposed basis for negotiation; but North would have none of it.

Sir,
Passy, April 24. 1778
Mr. Hartly, member of the British Parliament, an old Acquaintance of mine, arrived here from London on Sunday last. He is generally in the Opposition, especially on American Questions, but has some Respect for Lord North. In Conversation he express’d the strongest Anxiety for Peace with America, and appear’d extreamly desirous to know my Sentiments of the Terms that might probably be acceptable if offer’d; whether America would not, to obtain Peace, grant some superior Advantages in Trade to Britain, and enter into an Alliance offensive and defensive; and whether if War should be declared against France, we had oblig’d ourselves by Treaty to join with her against England. My Answers have been, That the United States were not fond of War, and (with the Advice of their Friends) would probably be easily prevail’d with to make Peace on equitable Terms; but we had no Terms committed to us to propose, and I did not chuse to mention any. That Britain having injured us heavily, by making this unjust War upon us, might think herself well off, if, on Reparation of those Injuries, we admitted her to equal Advantages with other Nations in Commerce; but certainly she had no Reason to expect superior. That her known Fondness for War, and the many Instances of her Readiness to engage in Wars on frivolous Occasions, were probably sufficient to cause an immediate Rejection of any Proposition for an offensive Alliance with her: And that if she made War against France on our Account, a Peace with us at the same time was impossible; for that having met with Friendship from that generous Nation when we were cruelly oppress’d by England, we were under Ties stronger than Treaties could form to make common Cause, which we should certainly do, to the utmost of our Power. Here has also been with me a Mr. Chapman, who says he is a Member of the Parliament of Ireland on his Way home from Nice, where he had been for the Recovery of his Health. He pretended to call on me only from Motives of Respect for my Character, &c. But after a few Compliments he enter’d on a similar Discourse, urging much to know what Terms would satisfy America, and whether on having Peace and Independence granted to us, we should not be willing to submit to the Navigation Act, or give equivalent Privileges in Trade to Britain. The Purport of my Answer to him, was, in short, That Peace was of equal Value to England as to us, and Independence we were already in Possession of, that therefore England’s Offer to grant them to us could not be consider’d as a Favour, or as giving her any Right to expect peculiar Advantages in Commerce. By his Importunity I found his Visit was not so occasional as he represented it; and from some Expressions I conjectur’d he might be sent by Lord Shelbourne to sound me, and collect some Information. On the whole I gather from these Conversations, that the Opposition, as well as the Ministry, are perplex’d with the present Situation of Affairs, and know not which way to turn themselves, whether it is best to go backward or forward or what Steps to take to extricate the Nation from its present dangerous Situation.
I thought it right to give your Excellency an Account of these Interviews, and to acquaint you with my Intention of avoiding such hereafter, as I see but little Prospect of Utility in them, and think they are liable to hurtful Misrepresentations.
By Advices from London we learn, that a Fleet for Quebec, with Goods valued at £500,000 Sterling is to sail about the End of this Month, under Convoy of only a single Frigate of 30 Guns, in which is to go Governor Haldiman.
Inclosed I send a Copy of a Paper I have just received from London. It is not subscribed by any Name, but I know the Hand. It is from an old Friend of general and great Acquaintance; and marks strongly the present Distress and Despair of considerate People in England. I have the Honour to be, with the greatest Respect Your Excellency’s most obedient, and most humble Servant
B Franklin
His Excelly. the Count de Vergennes.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Bersolle, 24 April 1778: résumé
From: Bersolle, Emmanuel-Yves
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Brest, April 24, 1778, in French: I informed you that the Lord Chatham has arrived. On the intendant’s orders I made a declaration to the admiralty, and yesterday the hatches were sealed. Here is the note the Captain gave me of forty-seven items on the bill of lading; whether that is the total cargo I do not know. The vessel is in good shape, loaded to the beams with bales of hops and other merchandise. The farmers general have asked for a note of the cargo so that they may give orders about prohibited articles before the sale. If Mr. Jones had left me a power of attorney, along with yours, the admiralty would have had no jurisdiction; with those powers I might still, despite the seals, easily evade its claim and arrange an advantageous sale. Please let me know your wishes.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Georges Grand, 24 April 1778
From: Grand, Isaac-Jean-Georges-Jonas
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Amsterdam le 24 Avril 1778
Je suis de retour en bonne santé depuis Lundy; à mon passage en Brabant J’ay parlé avec quelques Amys de l’Emprunt que les Etats Unis de l’Amérique se proposent de faire par le Ministère de ma Maison. J’ay trouvé des dispositions à y placer. Votre Amy de La Haye, qui est venu diner hier avec moy, et à qui J’avais confié le projet de cette opération à trouvé des Amateurs, dans le petit nombre d’Amys à qui il en à parlé. Je me réfere d’ailleurs au Compte qu’il vous à rendu, du succés de son voyage icy: il vous sert avec zêle et intelligençe il est d’ailleurs bien dirigé.
Je vous invite à signer les promesses et leur Coupons le plutot sera le mieux et à m’envoyer le Livre que J’aurais du aporter. Vous voudrés bien y ajouter un Mêmoire des Articles de Marchandises ou relatifs à la Marine, que nous pouvons recevoir en Payements, pour faciliter dans le Commencement la Circulation des Promesses sur notre Plaçe, ou nous devrons dans le principe, user de plus de circonspection que partout ailleurs, pour n’etre pas contrecarrés par les Maisons du parti contraire.
Je vous prie de faire agréer mes Compliments à Messieurs vos Collégues, à M. Votre Petit fils, et au Docteur Bancrofft. J’ay l’honneur d’etre avec l’attachement le plus inviolable et le plus respectueux Monsieur Votre tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur
Grand

Endorsed: Sir Geo Grand April 24 [in another hand:] 78 Amsterdam


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ——— d’Islé de Lamothe, 24 April 1778
From: Islé de Lamothe, ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Brest le 24 avril 1778.
Je viens d’aprendre dans l’instant qu’un de mes freres qui avoiet passé au service des puissences unies d’amerique, avoiet éte pris le 14 novembre dernier en allant joindre l’armee du general wasington, et amené au fort St. augustin; l’interet que vous deves naturellement prendre aux persones que l’amour de la gloire a attiré dans vos contrée, me fait esperer monsieur que vous voudres Bien vous interesser pour luy faire obtenir son echange, le plus promptement possible, affin de le mestre dans le cas de rendre a vostre patrie, les services dont il est capable. J’avois prie un de vos compatriotes Mr. Cormychel, qui a repasse en âmerique sur le lion que nous avons convoyé, de luy faire fournir les secours dont il pouroit avoir Besoin. Il me l’a promis, et j’y compterois si l’eloignement de son exil ne me faisoit craindre qu’il ne put pas le decouvrir. Il porte le noms de chevalier de lalande, qu’il portoiet en france, pour le distinguer de six autres freres. Si la reconnoissence la plus vive, et la plus cincere, peut m’aquiter envers vous des services que vous rendres a mon frere, vous pouves etre sur monsieur que rien n’en surpassera l’etendue. J’ay l’honeur d’etre avec respect Monsieur vostre tres humble et tres obeissent serviteur
D’ Isle DE LAMOTHEl[ieutena]nt des vaisseaux du roy.

Endorsed: DelaMothe about his Brother
Notation: Lamotte D’Isle de: 24. avril 1778.


Title: Samuel Tucker to the American Commissioners, 25 April 1778: résumé
From: Tucker, Samuel
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

<Bordeaux, April 25, 1778: I had my mast condemned by a jury of six carpenters, three merchant captains, and Mr. Bondfield. You would have told me, I assume, if you intended to load cargo; I have therefore begun to take in ballast. The King’s officers are enticing men from me for the army; I retrieved five today who were about to embark for St. Martin’s.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Mary Hewson, 25 April 1778
From: Hewson, Mary (Polly) Stevenson
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
London April 25. 1778
I could not fail to take the opportunity of writing a line by Mr. Williams, tho I can give you but a very short letter, just to tell you that I and my little ones are well: I wish I could say the same of my mother. She has had her leg bad again which lowers her spirits. I was obliged to come to town and should have been very uneasy if I had not left my sister Barbara to take care of my mother and children. She is an amiable young woman; I wish I could get her a good husband but they are scarce in England; I should like to match her with my friend Jonathan. My mother has not received the packet that contained the draft for £55. I wrote to you six weeks ago, and have received no answer. I can add no more than that I am as ever your faithful friend.
M.H.

Addressed: Dr Franklin


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Ralph Izard, 25 April 1778
From: Izard, Ralph
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
Paris 25th: April 1778.
It is with the utmost astonishment that I find myself so often obliged to remind you of your engagement to me. You have repeatedly given me the strongest assurances that you would justify your conduct to me in writing, but you have not kept your word. Dr. Bancroft, and your Grandson have both told me that this justification has long ago been begun, and that you have several times been employed about it. The cautious manner in which you concealed the departure of Mr. Gerard the French Plenipotentiary, and of Mr. Deane, from those who have complaints against you, manifest on your part no inclination to discontinue the causes of them. The losses of the public dispatches to Congress by accidents at Sea, by the capture of the enemy, and by the villainy, or negligence of those to whose care they have been intrusted, ought to have deterred you from concealing so safe an opportunity from those, whose duty requires them to write. It might have been very proper that the Port from which they were to sail should have been concealed, as well as the manner of their going; but it appears to me to be your indispensable duty to inform those Gentlemen who have the honour of holding Commissions from Congress, whenever you know of a safe opportunity of writing to America. It may not be necessary to discuss this point with you, as it will probably be laid before Congress; and they will form a proper judgement, both of the fact, and of your motives. My business with you at present respects your conduct previous to the departure of Mr. Gerard, and Mr. Deane; and I wish that neither your attention nor mine may be drawn from it. Mr. Lloyd has informed me that you told him there would be an opportunity of writing soon to America. I must request that you will no longer attempt to amuse me with promises, and excuses, but that you will give me the explanation which you have so often bound yourself to give, that it may be laid by that opportunity, if necessary, before the Representatives of my Country; or that you will let me know in writing that you will not give it me. I am Sir Your Most Obedient humble Servant
Ra. Izard.
The Honourable Benjn. Franklin Esqr.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from F. Franklin Laboureau, 25 April 1778
From: Laboureau, Madame F. Franklin
To: Franklin, Benjamin

This woman’s identity is tantalizing. She gives no substantial clues to whom she is. She mentions one man, and another two years later mentions her; but they are only names to us. After this letter she wrote Franklin two others that survive; each adds a bit of detail but leaves her story in shadow. One of January 22, 1781, repeats her request for an interview, in fact repeats some sentences word for word; she comments on how much her father’s traits resemble Franklin, who by then has accorded her and her husband “récéptions gratieuses,” and speaks of great misfortunes. This time she signs herself “f. franklin femme Laboureau.” Her undated letter, on which some one has penciled “Jany 22 –81,” is also unsigned, and explains that a firm in which all their funds were invested has gone bankrupt and left them without hope; could Franklin not find some position for her husband? The only reference to her that we have discovered is in the spring of 1780, when a man in the postal service mentions in passing that she told him she was related to Franklin.
These bare bones merely raise questions. If the Doctor encouraged her to call, as she says here, was her purpose to reveal the relationship? Did he acknowledge it in his subsequent “récéptions gratieuses,” and if so on what ground? Why did she approach him twice, almost three years apart, in virtually the same terms? Who was her husband? Later editing may turn up at least some tentative answers, but for the moment we are baffled.

Monsieur
Ce 25 avril 1778
Là reception gratieuse donts vous voulûtes bien nous honnorer, mon mary et moy, et agreer le désir que j’avais d’avoir l’honneur de vous voir avec Monsieur le chevalier de mahony, m’onts chaque jour fait désirer l’instant heureux pour vous en tèmoigner ma juste reconnaissançe. Ma Santé m’a Empêché jusqu’a présant de satisfaire l’envie Extreme de profiter de là permission que vous avez eû là bonté de nous en donner; a présant que je me trouve en etat de sortir, je suis bien empressées de vous randre mes hommages, mais comme tous vôs moments sont employées et calculées, je ne croy pas me devoir présanter chez vous, sans savoir que ma visitte ne vous serà pas incomode. C’est pourquoy je vous demande la permission de vous randre mes devoirs mercredy prochain 29 avant onze heure. Si ce jour et cétte heure pouvait vous déranger, Monsieur, j’espere que vous voudrez bien me le faire scavoir. Si je ne reçois pas l’honneur de votre réponçe, voudrez vous bien que je regarde vôtre silançe comme une approbation à l’empressement que j’ay d’avoir le bonheur de vous voir Mercredy. Je suis avec Veneration et un respectueux attachement Monsieur Votre tres humble et tres obeissante servante
FRANKLIN LaboureauA l’eņcienne autellede Vallois rue de tournon

Notation: franklin Laboureau 25. avril 1778.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Vergennes, 25 April 1778
From: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

A Versailles le 25 avril 1778
J’ai rendu Compte au Roi Mr. du Contenu de la lettre que Vous m’avez fait l’honneur de m’ecrire hier, et sa Majesté me Charge de Vous temoigner toute sa Satisfaction de Votre empressement a Nous informer de l’objet de Vos Conferences avec M hartley. Le grand art de l’Angleterre fut toujours de Chercher à diviser; c’est un bon Moyen en effet pour S’assurer l’Empire, Mais Ce n’est ni auprès de Vous, ni auprès de M[essieu]rs Vos Collegues qu’il peut être employé avec succez. Je porte avec Confiance le meme Jugement des Etats unis. Au reste il n’est pas possible Monsieur, de repondre avec plus de Noblesse, de franchise et de fermeté que Vous l’avez fait a M. d’hartley. Il n’a pas lieu d’etre Content de sa Mission. J’ignore si ce Membre du Parlement en a une pour Nous, Il desire de me Voir et Je l’attends dans la Matinée. Je ne serois pas surpris qu’il ne se proposat de semer de la defiance entre nous en introduisant une double Negociation. Mais Je Saurai ỳ obvier, et Vous serez instruit de ce qui ce passera entre Nous, pour peu qu’il y ait rien d’Interessant. J’ai l’honneur d’etre avec une très parfaite Consideration Monsieur, Votre tres humble et très obeissant serviteur.
sigńe De Vergennes
M. francklin


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to John Ross, 26 April 1778
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Ross, John

Sir,
Passy, April 26. 1778
The Multiplicity of Affairs we have lately been engag’d in, together with Mr. Deane’s Departure who used to correspond with you, occasioned a Deficiency in answering your Letters. On looking them over I find some Reflections on the Commissioners as having acted an injurious Part relative to the Papers left by Mr. Thomas Morris. It appears that you have not been well informed, and therefore I would now give you the History of that Transaction.
On the Death of Mr. Morris, it was represented to the Commissioners, that on pretence of some kind of Partnership between him and Mr. Penet, that Gentleman might probably get Possession of the Papers, which would be attended with great Inconvenience in case of any Dispute on a Settlement of the Publick Accounts, and that therefore to prevent this it was necessary Mr. W. Lee the surviving Colleague, should go down and take them into his Custody: but to enable him to do that, an Order from Government here should be obtained, directing the publick Officers in whose hands they regularly were, to deliver them to him; and the Memorial requesting such an Order was brought to Mr. Deane and me ready drawn by Mr. A. Lee, to be signed, which we did without Hesitation; I, for my part, not having the least doubt that on receiving them he would deliver to you those belonging to the Affairs of Willing & Morris. When he return’d, he gave it as the Reason of his not doing so, that you had quarrel’d with him, us’d him rudely, deny’d his Authority to meddle with the Publick Papers and required the whole to be delivered to you; on which he had brought the Trunk containing them up to Paris as he received it, seal’d by two Gentlemen of Credit; and he desired, that, to prevent Reflections or Suspicions, it might be opened and the Papers divided in our Presence. We consented to this; and I went to his House for that purpose, where Mr. Izard attended to verify the Seals of the two Gentlemen that were on the Trunk. But Mr. Deane being hindered from attending by an Accident, the Business was postpon’d. And as I soon after understood by your Letters, that Mr. Lee had had the Papers under his particular Examination several Days before that formal Sealing, of which I therefore did not see the Use; and apprehending some danger of being involv’d in your Quarrel, I refus’d on consideration not [sic] to have any thing to do with the opening and sorting of the Papers. Mr. Lee was about to set out for Germany, and intimated that our not doing this must stop his Journey. To remove this Obstacle, as Mr. Deane was going to America, and Mr. A. Lee might soon go to Spain, I let him know, that if he chose to leave the Trunk seal’d in my Care, to be deliver’d in the same State to him on his Order, I would consent to take it. He accordingly brought it to my House, with a Receipt to that purpose ready written for me to sign. I sign’d it accordingly, and thought that might have been sufficient; but so cautious is he, that least I should deny my hand writing (I suppose this Reason, because I cannot conceive another) he desired four Persons to put their Hands to the Receipt as Witnesses. He has indeed excused this since, by saying that he meant only to have it appear that those Gentlemen being present approv’d of his Delivery of the Trunk to me. This might do for two of them, Mr. Deane and his Brother, who being Commissioners that with me procur’d for him the Power of taking Possession of them, had therefore some Right to give their Approbation; but the two others, Mr. Izard and Mr. Pringle had no Concern in the Affair. Thus you see how the Trunk comes to be in my hands, and yet not in my Disposition. It is said to contain Mr. Morris’s Papers. I know nothing of the Contents; and can know nothing of them, being oblig’d to deliver the Trunk seal’d as I receiv’d it, and I refus’d to take the Key. And apprehending Mr. Lee to be a very artful as well as Disputacious Man, I now wish I had not even consented to receive it.
You see here the innocent Part Mr. Dean and I have had in this Affair. Yet Mr. Lee has reflected upon us in one of his Letters to me, as countenancing you in treating him ill at Nantes; and you affront us as having given him our Sanction for inspecting and carrying off the Papers belonging to the House of Willing and Morris. But nothing is more common than to pass Censures without knowing Facts.
Mr. Wm. Lee in some Conversation express’d his Opinion, that a Power to receive the Papers, ought to come from Mr. Morris’s legal Representative, otherwise he could not deliver them. I mention this for your Information, as I suppose he will deliver them to no other Person. For he is much of a Lawyer, and would do every thing regularly. I am, Sir, Your most humble Servant
BF
Mr. Jn. Ross Esqr.
  Public Letters &c

Notation: Letter to Mr Jn Ross April 26. 78 not sent May 19. 78. / Public Letters &c


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Madame Brillon, [26 April? 1778]
From: Brillon de Jouy, Anne-Louise Boivin d’Hardancourt
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Ce dimanche matin [April 26?, 1778]
Madame brillon fait dire a son chér papa, qu’il lui sera impossible d’allér mardi disnér chés madame du tartre, sa petite est trop malade pour espérer qu’elle soit tout a fait bien mardi. Monsieur Brillon a encore la goutte; si le papa veut, madame Brillon ecrira a madame dutartre pour reméttre cétte partie au mardi 5 may; ou au mércredi 6 may; madame Brillon qui a le plus grand désir de passér cétte journée avéc son chér papa le prie de vouloir bien lui écrire si sa proposition lui convient et lequel des deux jours qu’elle indique lui conviendra le mieux.

Addressed: Monsieur Franklin / A Passy


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Joan Derk van der Capellen tot den Pol, 26 April 1778
From: Capellen tot den Pol, Joan Derk van der
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur,
A Zwol ce 26 d’Avril 1778.
Comme j’ai été le premier, ou pour mieux dire, le seul de tous les Membres de notre Etat, qui ait osé se declarer ouvertement pour la cause Ameriquaine, et cela dans un tems ou elle étoit bien problematique encore, je m’empresse a ne pas étre le dernier a Vous feliciter du fond de mon coeur des heureux succes, dont la Providence a daignée la couronner. La joye, que je ressentis sur la nouvelle de la prise de l’armée du General Burgoÿne, epoque qui brillera a jamais dans les Annales de l’Amerique et de la Liberté, n’a pu étre surpassée, que par celle que me causa le Traité conclu depuis peu avec la France et par lequel la République des Etats Unis de l’Amerique se voit placée de niveau avec les Puissances independantes du Monde!
Soÿez persuadé, Monsieur, que comme j’ai souvent versé de larmes, et meme de bien sinceres, lorsque, surtout au Long-Island, la bonne cause, que Vous avez si glorieusement patrocinée, parut succomber devant ce tribunal inique, ou la force seule tient la place d’arguments; que personne, dis-je, ne sauroit prendre une part plus vive et plus cordiale, que je le fais, à un evenement qui, selon toutes les apparences humaines, ne tardera pas a combler les justes desirs de Vos braves Compatriotes.
Et puisque je n’ai pas l’honneur de Vous étre connu, permettez moi, Monsieur, qu’afin de Vous donner une idée de ma façon de penser, et de la maniere dont je puis rëellement me glorifier d’avoir un grand interet dans les affaires de l’Amerique Unie, je prenne la liberté de Vous offrir une Traduction tres exacte du Memoire (on le nomme un Avis chez nous) par lequel je me suis opposé de toutes mes forces a la demande de Sa Majesté le Roi de la Grande Bretagne au sujet de la Brigade Ecossoise qui est dans notre Service. Qu’il m’auroit été flatteur, si l’on avoit respecté ma voix negative, comme la forme de notre Gouvernement l’exige dans de tels cas! Quelle satisfaction n’aurois-je pas éprouvée d’avoir empeché directement une demarche, qui étoit si contraire a une politique et saine et humaine! Tout ce que mon Avis, imprimé a differentes reprises, a pu effectuer, c’a été de faire une grande sensation: quoique j’aie pourtant eu le plaisir de voir adopter par la Province de Hollande sur l’avis d’une ou de deux villes, particulierement sur celui d’Amsterdam a peu pres la meme idée; car, sans toutefois avouer, comme je l’avois fait, la justice du soulevement du Peuple Ameriquain, apres des deliberations tirees, à ce que l’on assure, a dessein, en longueur extravagante, elle declare a la fin, qu’elle cederoit la Brigade sous condition que Sa Majesté ne s’en serviroit pas hors de l’Europe, et qu’elle la feroit demander dans les formes non pas au Provinces en particulier par l’intervention du Prince Stadhouder, mais, par son Ministere, aux Etats Genereaux.
Quant a mon Memoire: Je l’avois fait inserer dans les Registres ou Journal de ma Province. Je m’etois reservé de plus un Protest, par lequel j’avois dessein de mettre dans son vrai jour la nullité du consentement donné par une pluralité de voix dans un cas, qui exigeoit de l’unanimité. Mais le 14. de Mars de l’année suivante l’Assemblée trouva bon sous le pretexte frivole qu’il etoit conçu en termes indecens (que pourtant ils n’eurent garde de particulariser) de raier mon avis, et de me le rendre avec permission NB d’en inserer un autre, dans lequel je n’aurois traité que ce qui appartiendroit directement au sujet de la deliberation, et qui ne contiendroit rien de choquant.
Vous concevez, Monsieur, qu’aiant par ma naissance le droit de voter a l’Assemblée des Etats je dedaignois d’accepter de la part de mes égeaux une permission, dont je n’avois pas besoin: aussi la rejettai-je avec mepris, n’attendant que l’occasion de me defendre en public contre un procedé si inoui, et contre quelques Brochures, dans lesquelles l’on m’avoit dechiré sans menagement, meme en ÿ melant des menaces de ce que j’avois a attendre du courroux du Roi d’Angleterre, que, selon eux, j’avois lesé grievement.
Cette occasion souhaitée ne manqua pas d’arriver. Les Observations et les Additional Observations etc. du Docteur Price parurent. J’en donnai des traductions Hollandoises, en ÿ ajoutant des prefaces, dans lesquelles sans entrer directement en controverse, j’ai rassemblé tout ce que Locke, Hutcheson, Burgh dans ses Polit: Disquisitions, et Vous, Monsieur, dans vos excellentes Lettres au Gouverneur Shirleÿ avoient dit de plus interessant au sujet des Droits du Peuple, des Colonies et de la Constitution actuelle du Parlement de la Grande Bretagne et particulierement de l’etat corrompu de la Chambre des Communes . . .
Des demelés que j’eus de nouveau au sujet du maintien des Loix fondamentales, “qu’on neglige ouvertement, et des corvées ou services vraiement servils, dont on continue de tourmenter nos Païsans, quoiqu’ils les aient racheté a prix d’argent,” tout cela a donné naissance a des brochures, qui a la verité m’ont donné l’occasion d’informer le public de la maniere indigne dont on me traite, mais qui pourtant n’empechent pas que j’eprouve dans toute son energie ce que dit Pope dans son Essay on Man Ep: 4.

Condemn’d in bus’ness or in arts to drudge
Without a second, or without a judge,
Truths would you teach, or save a sinking Land?
All fear, none aid ÿou, and few understand

Oui Monsieur, voila Six ans que je soutiens seul, sans le moindre appui d’ame qui vive, une opposition sans exemple dans ma Patrie: mais aussi ne saurai-je continuer d’avantage ce train de vie insupportable. Si une Epouse et une Enfant de passé les onze ans et d’ont l’education ne me permet pas de m’expatrier, ne m’avoient retenu ici, soÿez assuré que j’aurois deja offert, il ÿ a longtems, mon sang à l’Amerique Unie! Jusqu’ici je n’ai pu Lui servir que par ma foible voix et par ma plume. Si pourtant je pourrois Lui rendre quelque service qui soit compatible avec les engagements, que j’ai encore envers ma patrie, disposez, je vous en prie, de moi avec toute la confiance, que merite celui, qui n’a pas fait difficulté de declarer (comme je fis dans la preface des Additional Observations l’année passée et longtems avant le Succes du General Gates): Que, quelqu’en seroit la reûssite, il se feroit toujours honneur et gloire d’avoir si ouvertement et dans son Caractere Public protégé la cause des Ameriquains, qu’il ne cessoit de regarder comme celle du Genre Humain entier.
Animé de tels sentimens j’ai taché, il ÿ a longtems, de faire comprendre a nos capitalistes, que le credit de L’Amerique aiant pour base le revenu d’un Païs riche en productions et étant soutenu par un Gouvernement “vraiement republiquain est infiniment plus solide, que celui de l’Angleterre,” lequel, chancelant d’ailleurs sous le poids d’une enorme dette nationale, ne depend que des avantages d’un commerce precaire et dont un gouvernement rëellement despotique et maladroit est le seul garant. Mais je n’ai, jusqu’ici, pu trouver une somme, qui vaille la peine de Vous étre offerte. C’est pourquoi je prens la liberté, Monsieur, de Vous donner en consideration, s’il n’ÿ auroit pas moien que le Congres proposat des conditions si avantageuses et si sures, que les Hollandois pourroient trouver leur compte a se defaire de leurs fonds en Angleterre pour placer leur argent en Amerique? Le Congres ne pourroit-il pas faire une Loi fondamentale de ne jamais reduire les interets sans offrir la restitution du Capital? C’est pour ne l’avoir pas fait que la France a tellement perdu son credit en Hollande que je sçais de sçience certaine qu’un de nos principeaux courtiers en fonds a assuré depuis peu, qu’il ne seroit pas en état de procurer seulement cent Livres a cette Couronne. Le Congres, secondement, ne pourroit-il pas s’engager a un interet si fort et pour tel nombre d’années que nos gens pourroient calculer qu’il ÿ auroit de l’avantage a vendre, meme au bas prix d’apresent, leurs fonds Anglois pour les faire passer en Amerique? Ceci seroit le moien le plus efficace et le plus humain de faire la guerre a votre Antagoniste, tandis qu’il serviroit a detacher de plus en plus notre Nation des Interets de l’Angleterre pour l’unir a ceux des Treize Etats Unis. Si cette idée merite l’attention d’un politique éclairé, Monsieur, comme Vous, et que je puisse vous étre utile, aiez la bonté de m’en avertir a tems. J’ai des Amis, j’ai des connoissances puissemment riches, que je pourrois persuader peut-étre: je dis peut-étre. Du reste je Vous demande pardon de la longueur ennuiante de cette Lettre en vous priant de me croire avec tout le respect possible Monsieur Votre tres humble et tres obeïssant serviteur
J.D. VAN DER Capellen

Addresse. Le Baron Van Der Capellen Seigneur du Pol, Membre du Corps des Nobles de la Province d’Overijssel a Zwol par Amsterdam.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Claude Julien, 26 April 1778
From: Julien, Claude
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur,
A Paris le 26 avril 1778.
Je prends la liberté de vous adresser ci jointe, copie d’une Lettre que m’écrit mon Correspondant d’aix-la-Chapelle, le 20 de ce mois, par laquelle il se charge de faire livrer à Amsterdam 5. à 600,000. Tonneaux de houilles, de toute espèce et d’excellente qualité à un prix moins haut que Vous ne les payez aujourd’hui en Hollande. Si ma proposition peut vous être agréable, j’aurai l’honneur, Monsieur, d’en traiter avec vous d’une manière qui sera conforme à vos desirs, après toutes-fois, que vous aurés eu la bonté de me donner une note des espèces de houilles ou charbons propres à la consommation des Colonies, ainsi que les quantités à-peu-près qu’il faudrait faire passer pour leur consommation. J’ose espérer un mot de réponse de votre part à ce sujet.
Le 20. 8bre dernier, j’eus l’honneur, Monsieur, de vous présenter un Mémoire en faveur du Sieur Broche Descombes, Capitaine Aide-Major du Régiment provincial d’anduze, résidant au St. Esprit en Languedoc, qui désire, depuis longtems, de servir dans les Colonies avec le grade de Major, ou tout au moins, la commission de capitaine, cet officier ayant par devers lui tous les titres capables d’inspirer en sa faveur, 23 années de service, et étant criblé de blessures. Vous avés eu la bonté, Monsieur, de bien accueillir mon Mémoire, et de me faire la grâce de me promettre l’honneur de votre protection lorsque l’occasion d’employer ledit Sieur Broche Descombes se présenterait. J’ose vous réïtérer, Monsieur, ma prière à ce sujet.

J’eus l’honneur de vous présenter mon respect le 20 Mars dernier, chés le Ministre de la Marine, où je fus Témoin de la bonne réception qu’il vous fit. Je suis avec un profond respect, Monsieur, Votre très humble et très obéïssant serviteur
Claude JulianBanquier Rüe des vieillesThruilleries à Paris.

Notation: Claude Julien, Paris 16 [sic] Avril 1778.


Title: John Julius Pringle to Ralph Izard, 26 April 1778
From: Pringle, John Julius
To: Izard, Ralph

Dear Sir,
Paris 26th. April 1778
In compliance with your request I waited on Dr. Franklin and deliver’d to him your Letter; he had scarcely read it when he said “Mr. Izard has written me a very angry Letter; please to tell him, that he has only made use of general assertions of my having done wrong, which I cannot otherwise answer than by denying. If I have given him any causes of offence, he should let me know what they are.” To this I reply’d, “that you had been kind enough to form so good an opinion of me, as to admit me into a share of your confidence, therefore I could take upon me to say that you were persuaded, you had clearly stated in the several Letters he had received from you, circumstances affording sufficient grounds of offence.” He said, he should be glad to know what those circumstances were. I answer’d in the first place, “that conceiving it your duty as a Member of the States, having a considerable fortune there, and intrusted with a Commission from Congress, to communicate, as occasions offer’d, all the intelligence you could; you found this communication greatly obstructed by a concealment on the part of Dr. Franklin, of proper opportunities, when it was quite unnecessary, or when the end of secrecy might be answer’d, though [if] you had been intrusted with the knowledge of them.” Upon which Dr. Franklin told me, that you had only complained of this in the present Letter, and as to the particular opportunity you mentioned by Monsieur Gerard and Mr. Deane, he had not look’d upon it as a good or proper one, and had not himself made use of it to write.
As another ground of complaint I observed, that while the Commercial Treaty was on the carpet, you consider’d one Article as highly unreasonable and inexpedient, and therefore expressly objected to it; you had in a Letter fully specified the reasons upon which your disapprobation was founded, and had sent this Letter to Dr. Franklin, in hopes of his removing your scruples, and setting you right if you were wrong, or letting your objections and reasons if they were just, produce some good effect before the conclusion of the Treaty. Yet you had never been favoured with any answer on the subject though you had repeatedly requested it. Dr. Franklin alleged that he would have given a full and satisfactory answer, but had been prevented by business and various avocations; Was still willing to give one, but could not conceive why you should be so impatient, suppose he could not give it for a Month hence, what great inconvenience would it occasion? I observed that, the sooner you had it, you might be the better prepared to guard against any misrepresentation. Dr. Franklin assured me, that he had not been, nor would he ever be guilty of any misrepresentation, so far from it that he had not even written any thing concerning the matter. I told him “perhaps you might choose to lay it before Congress, and his answer might enable you to do it more fully and satisfactorily.” Dr. Franklin said, you should have an answer but you must be patient, for he really was very much engaged by other business, and interrupted by people continually coming in upon him, tho’ some upon frivolous errands, as was the case with the two Frenchmen just gone away, who came only to ask him to buy cloth.
I suggested as a third ground of complaint, that you had been directed by Congress, to propose to the Court of Tuscany, a Commercial Treaty similar to the one concluded with this Court, which you therefore required as necessary for your regulation in pursuance of the instructions of Congress, who directed that you should have not only the original Treaty, but the alterations that should be proposed, which were nevertheless withheld from you by Dr. Franklin without the least regard to your applications. Dr. F. replied, did he go into Tuscany, has not the Treaty been sent to him? I said, you had good reasons for staying, that the Treaty was kept from you till the other day, when perhaps it was necessary for you to have had it, as early as possible, even previous to your departure, to give it the maturer consideration, and because there might be explanations you would like to have made here, or observations might occur to you, which you might think adviseable to communicate to Congress, to have their further instructions as soon as you could. I do not recollect that Dr. Franklin made any direct reply to this; he observed, he was clear he had not given you any just cause of offence or reasonable grounds of complaint; that he was studious to avoid contention. He acknowledged he owed you an answer, but tho’ he was in your debt, he hoped you would be a merciful Creditor. He would say, as the debtor in the scripture, have patience and I will pay thee all; that you certainly ought to give him time as you had urged so much matter as would require a Pamphlet in answer. I told him I was sure it was far from being your disposition to court quarrels, that if the reasons he gave in his answer to you were just and satisfactory, you would undoubtedly allow them their full weight, that satisfaction you were desirous of having, and was anxious to have the affair ended. He said, he should endeavour to do it as soon as possible, in the mean time he hoped to have no more such angry Letters from you. His answer he promised should be a cool one, and that people who wrote such angry Letters should keep them ’till they had sufficiently reflected upon the contents before they sent them.
The above is nearly, to the best of my recollection, the substance, if not for the most part, the very words of the Conversation which pass’d between Dr. Franklin and myself upon delivering him your Letter to day. I have the honour to be, Dear Sir Yours sincerely
John Julius Pringle
CopyTo The Honble Ralph Izard Esqr.


Title: James Moylan to the American Commissioners, 27 April 1778: résumé
From: Moylan, James
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

<Lorient, April 27, 1778: The Lord Chatham, a prize taken by the Ranger, has arrived in Brest.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Mary Hewson, 27 April 1778
From: Hewson, Mary (Polly) Stevenson
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir
London April 27. 1778
The interruption of our correspondence is truly mortifying to me. I wrote to you some time in march, and as I have received no answer I think either your letter or mine has been stopt. Why our letters should be detained I cannot see, for I am sure I can give you no political intelligence, and as no purpose would be answered by your giving it to me, I am equally sure that you would write nothing to me that has the least allusion to public affairs. I hope this will come to your hands and that I shall have one in return. My mother has had several from you in which you mention having sent her an order for £55 in a packet which we have diligently enquired after at every post office whither it might be sent, but in vain; the draft however has never been offered for payment, therefore I hope you will soon find an opportunity of conveying another order. Indeed we are not in a situation to be careless about any sum of money that we are likely to obtain, for I see no probability of any tolerable settlement of my affairs. Mr. M. insists upon such an indemnification as I cannot give, so all remains in his possession, and I dare not draw upon him for any sum, as I am accountable to the Legatees for the money I receive, and yet should not be safe in paying them as Mr. M. may claim the money he advances to me. In these circumstances Vevers is carrying on his suit against me, not only for £100 mentioned in the codicil, but also for £200 more by means of a letter of my aunts to his wife in which she says she has left her £100 for herself, and £100 to distribute to such poor woman as she shall know to be in want. In short, were I to tell you all my perplexities in money affairs I should fill many pages, and as you cannot extricate me from them, the task would only be painful to us both, therefore here I will drop it. Thank God! I have many comforts. My dear children are healthy and promise to be all that I can wish them. My mother is better than she was, and I hope will soon be re-established in the state of health and spirits she enjoyed till very lately. I reflect with pleasure upon the mode of life we have adopted, as I think it administers much to my mothers comfort, tho’ perhaps if we were free to chuse our place of abode we might find a better. We have contracted our expences so much that I think we shall live within our income even when I put William to school which I shall certainly do this summer. I hope he will be no loser by not going sooner, for tho’ he is not learned he is not ignorant. He reads better perhaps than he would have done at school, and I endeavour inform his mind as much as I can. He entered his eighth year yesterday, and I think take him for all in all he is as well as most boys of his age. Thomas is an active little fellow, very inquisitive, and, for his years (which are but five) quick of apprehension. We have no good dayschool in our neighbourhood, therefore I am his only teacher, and I will not pretend to say is far advanced in learning. I confess the apprehension of not being able to give those two boys an education equal to my ambition for them damps my spirits. As to my daughter, Nature, having given her a form that promises agreeableness, and an understanding no ways defective I think I can with very little assistance make her a lovely woman, and fit her for an honourable station. I have the satisfaction of finding many friends whose esteem and assistance tend to support my spirits. I write this at the house of my friend Barwell who is so kind as to give me a general invitation, and with the greatest cordiality makes this my home whenever it suits my convenience. The same favour and every assistance in their power I have had from the Henckell family. Mr. Lechemere upon all occasions is a ready friend to my mother in [and?] me. Indeed I find the same difficulty in recounting the favours I receive that I did in relating my perplexities, therefore being come to the end of my paper I shall add no more than that I am with unalterable regard your affectionate
Mary Hewson

I should be happy to hear that Mrs. Bache and her family are well. I saw Miss Marieanne yesterday; she continues with Mrs. Tibbalds; she told me her sisters were well at Preston. I hope Temple and Benjamin are well. I miss Jonathan, but I hope he is more advantageously employed than he could have been here. I send this by means of Dr. Ingenhousz, who paid us a friendly visit at Cheam, and has received me twice at his lodging with a cordiality that was flattering. I am in danger of making my postscript as long as my letter; indeed so many things croud upon my mind that I know not how to lay down my pen. Pray present my compliments to Mdlle: Biheron; I sent my thanks before for her elegant present to my daughter. If it is not too presumptuous in me to ask it Will you offer my respects (you must frenchifie the term) to Monsieur Dubourg?

Addressed: Dr Franklin


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jean-Baptiste Le Roy, [27 April 1778]
From: Le Roy, Jean-Baptiste
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Aux Galeries du louvre ce lundy apres Midy[April 27, 1778]
Mon Illustre confrère j’ai l’honneur de vous prier de la part de M. le Comte de Maillebois à dîner chez lui mercredy prochain avec Monsieur votre petit fils et M. Adams. On dinera exactement à une heure précise pour avoir tout le temps de diner et d’aller ensuite à l’Académie de bonne heure. La maladie de Mde. La Duchesse de Luxembourg a empeché M. De Paulmy de vous donner à dîner ce dont il est on ne peut pas plus faché. Je vous envoye Le Dictionnaire, dont j’ai eu l’honneur de vous parler de la part de l’Auteur. Recevez mon Illustre confrère mille sincères assurrances des sentimens qui m’attachent à vous pour la vie
Le Roy
Voulez vous bien Monsieur et cher Confrère faire remettre ce billet à M. le Veillard
A Monsieur Monsieur Franklin

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Franklin / Deputé des Etats unis de / l’Amerique Septentrionale / a Passy


Title: Dumas to the American Commissioners, 28 April 1778: résumé
From: Dumas, Charles-Guillaume-Frédéric
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

<The Hague, April 28, 1778, in French: We await the return of your letter in final form, so that I may present it. The memorandum for which Mr. Lee provided the material will be published within a few days; the public here must learn that Congress will make peace only on equal terms and in concert with its allies. Beware of Merckle. Friends in Amsterdam will take care of one to two hundred thousand florins in the negotiations you are planning.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Sebastian Hartwig, 28 April 1778: résumé
From: Hartwig, Sebastian
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Gotha, April 28, 1778, in German: I have heard that you plan to return to America this summer, and make you a humble request: would you send me a bill of exchange for a hundred louis? You have a safe means of forwarding it by Privy Councilor Grimm, who is in Paris as ambassador and would send it to my Duke. My brother in America will then repay you or the United States. If you will not do this, will you tell Ambassador Grimm, to be forwarded through chief court mistress Buchwald, whether I may accompany you to America to see my beloved brother? I have served the ducal house for forty years, and am confident that my master would give me a year’s leave and would be glad to hear not only that you were sending the money but also that I might go with you. I am sixty-two and my brother sixty-five, and we have not seen each other for thirty-four years; if you bring us together he will love you tenfold more.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Benjamin Vaughan, 28 April 1778
From: Vaughan, Benjamin
To: Franklin, Benjamin

My dearest sir,
April 28, 1778.
I am sure I shall tell you something which you will have no pleasure in repeating again, when I inform you that Lord Chatham is very ill indeed. Alarming symptoms have appeared, and no likelyhood of his getting rid of them, as he grows weaker every day. This intelligence is fresh from Hayes, where he now is. As I am afraid this great man is dying, I think it proper to give you what I recollected in his short speech on the 7h: of April; for short it was, and appeared as the mere throwing down of the gauntlet; reserving himself wholly for reply to the Duke of Richmond. He said, he
“Was ill, but glad he was not in his grave when he heard of giving independence. The counsel dastardly and pusillanimous. Was there no middle way? Could not be said, while country ruined by unretracted error. Was not then for making a rod to whip our own backs.
“Would never put his hands to the back of bonds for signing away America; or call princes to the Committee. America their birthright: it was once here: under a prince of house of Brunswick, how came it gone? Feared there was something rotten near the throne: yet did not mean ministers places.
“Our case bad enough. But wished he could see daylight in the proposition France had taken our trade our fairest flower and it was saying to France; insult us, take all we have, but don’t make war with us. Did not indeed know the means: such as we had we must use them: but If we must die, would die decently. Had stood irruptions of Danes and of Normans, of Armada and Scotch rebels. Would not then extinguish and put out the glories of that throne (pointing to it.)
“Knew he should be favorably interpreted: whatever else he was thought, should be thought sincere.”
These are all the expressions that have occured to me; and if a variation was observed by others, I have inserted it. I suppose you know that the debate-writers for the newspapers, are seldom very exact: Indeed they are low people, hear indistinctly, and know neither the history of men, parties, or opinions; and therefore are always blundering. As to the order of sentences, it cannot be expected that I should preserve it; but I have reported as faithfully as I could. His voice was often low and did not then reach the bar. The Duke of Richmond (who by the by is greatly improved, and will make a remarkable figure in this country, having much English stuff in him, and though not a soaring mind, yet very capable of business and detail, which he will conduct with industry, honor and courage) the Duke of Richmond I say spoke pretty well in reply, but it was rather common-place, and what had chiefly fallen from him in former debate. There was a little harshness and sterness in it, which he cannot always keep under even to his domestics, but on the whole it was neither bitter nor formidable. I had observed Lord Chatham shifting his crutch from one hand into the other once or twice, but did not observe that he made any exertion to get any thing out of his pocket, which they tell me was the case (feeling for a handkerchief with a tug) but on a sudden he disappeared, and was carried out of the house without sense, and like a corpse; and did not recover for almost an hour. He looked very ill at coming at first; but did not speak so feebly as the 30h: of May 1777, when he told Lord S. to be prepared for the worst, for he did not know what might happen. In July or August last he fell off his horse in a fit, but recovered so, as to go through much business in the beginning of the sessions. I think about 15 or 20 voices cried out after the bustle was over, go on, go on; at which I was hurt; and they told me the Duke of Richmond spoke of being obliged to attend his militia; which is possible enough. When Lord Chatham was told by Dr: Addington, that the Rockinghams said, the Duke of Richmond had killed him; “Another time” said Lord Chatham sternly and firmly.
April 8h:, Lord Shelburne came to the house and resumed the debate; and made a prodigious impression upon the Duke of Richmond; who really spoke his heart in the compliments he paid; and certainly it was a prodigious speech. Some trick and play there was in it; or as the Duke of R. called them “the honest arts of eloquence, for they were honest, he said;” but on the whole a monstrous deal of comprehension, reading, and real solid eloquence too rapid and sudden however to be always neat and without expletives. I shall trouble you with none of it, except what is material to you as an American and negotiator, and to save him from mis-interpretation, which has been more ignorantly than industriously used though some of the latter kind has taken place in the abuse brought against him.
“Man creature of regulation; is what his government makes him. A declaration of independence would acquit America of thinking as Englishmen; would make separate interests, competition and hatred. Already asked for Canada Florida and Scotia; and then to follow fishery and islands. Much property lost by it to individuals. A vast weapon put into hands of congress; soon make minority into majority. Would now give it for nothing; for nothing said in return to the offer, but that they won’t thank you for it. Not a child’s play with diadems, to toss away a diadem, and hope to have it back again improved. Many of congress-men wished to serve their community; those of elevated minds would wish (as they ought) to have elevated stations. Was sure however the union would be again; and the name of Englishmen last, when that of France was rotten. France meant to dupe one and hurt both. Now thirteen republics; republics peaceful: would pay their first quotas easily, as in the scrip, but third and fourth payments would drag heavily. Prince Maurice built a citadel at Groningen to inforce payment of quotas (Here he said something about an agrarian law being as natural to a republic, as entails to a monarchy; but I forget the application.)
“Wished none of the commissioners sent: if sent, sent with view to be refused. Ought to do like bungling physicians: after trying many things, try nothing; see what nature would do; nature enough in this case. Leave them alone: they will soon find what they have lost, and in two or three years be for sending commissioners here.
“As to France and Spain must not despair: England had her same people, same private wealth, if properly taken care of and confidence to draw it forth from its hoardings. If we grown old, France grown old too. France and Spain vulnerable.
“Though Lords despond, those who know frivolousness of French won’t despond, not women even, who do know it. France had great individuals, so had falling Rome; but nation refined in nothing but in the art of making court; this the view of all.
“Rupture with France not instant; long seen; why then surprized; why not so before? Had low spirits at times himself; men in despondence he knew had not right judgements. He Must appeal to the public; call out religion and freedom; give men something to fight for; (the present a war of slavery;) and follow a directing public.
“In 1672 Holland in a worse state; and offered to submit to Lewis, and only Amsterdam firm. De Witz, like all other great men, failed in not knowing the extent of folly; never thought Charles would let them go; yet Charles did. But still De Witz’s maxim was, no country ought ever to give up one point of justice or reason, but oppose it from first. De Witz not only said, but did; visited the fleet, made infinite exertions, and was torn in pieces, repeating the ode Iustum and tenacem propositi &c.
“Not true that Philip and Elizabeth accommodated to each other. As fast as one assisted Holland, the other assisted Ireland; and Armada was forced to delay, because Walsingham Gresham and Sutton borrowed Genoese bank money that was to arm it. Here was stock-jobbing, and yet cost only £40,000. Wished these times produced a Walsingham, and merchants like Gresham. Yet still some spirit to his knowledge and did not speak of mountains and mice.
“If this point given up, should be ashamed of London, still more of abroad; believed should retire to the country. If danger followed him, would do as a traveller would, who found himself at a tavern where a company of gentlemen were attacked by ruffians; without interest, would take his share.
“But am asked a question: Must we fight all three? Will answer distinctly; think need only fight two of them; but if necessary, yes, fight the three.
“On the whole, wished not to be replied to on the spot; begged them (the Rockinghams) to take time, and weigh. He knew their worth. His opinions not court opinions: but respected their unspotted characters, and hoped their good intentions would not aid the little cunning of others to ruin the country. Should unite against ministers: Not to reap seed of their sowing, but have reaping of seed of their own sowing.”
Then followed a great variety of other matters relative to ministry and their conduct.
He spoke two hours, besides a reply; and was not flat for a moment. In his beginnings he is often flat, for 5 or 6 minutes, though wonderfully improved.
He explained the expression of Lord Chatham’s not knowing the means. But I wonder the Duke of R. did not talk of the instance of irruptions by Danes and Normans as contrary to the case to be proved. Indeed the Danes were finally repelled and Norman line compromised, and in each case the Kings were obliged to reside on their conquests; but the instances certainly very awkward.
No news that I can communicate. The King and Queen will be at Portsmouth on Friday. The Irish bills of course will not pass, ministry not being with them. Govr. Johnstone had great hopes at going out, but they have just heard here that America is not much inclined to negotiation, they say. I think they tell us Mr. Hartly makes the 20th ambassador you have had. I am very glad the first time I saw my friend, that I had no connections; and the second time that I scarcely shewed an inclination to hear what, if I had been sent by my connections, I ought to have heard.
I think if Lord Chatham had remained well, that a change of ministers would not have been distant; for they know that he minds measures more than men, and rather has a turn to take care of national grandeur than national liberty, farther than as the latter assists the former; all which is in a great degree true. Under him therefore they thought they could pension their creatures with sinecure places, leaving him the general direction.
Upon a conversation this morning with Colonel B. I find that absentees will at first be just as safe as inhabitants, personal care and exertion excepted, and therefore content myself with getting a letter to our governor, strongly desiring him to recommend our property to protection of the conqueror, which recommendation he knows by experience will be attended to. But as I wish to have two securities where I think them possible, I shall beg the favor of you to get the same thing mentioned to the parties concerned on your side, if you think it proper; but as you may not think it proper, to make the refusal easy and to prevent improper communication being [made] I hope you will never mention to me in any way, the part you may take. Our parish is that of St. James; I have a brother named Charles on the spot. As to our connections, they are rank whig and American. I know you have nobleness enough to excuse this application, and consider it as not made wholly on my part, but for the family. I am as ever, my dearest sir, your most devoted, affectionate and grateful—
Dr. P. and Dr. Py. have had a correspondence upon the latter’s metaphysical writings which will probably be soon published unless the distraction of the times should withdraw attention to such subject. I have had some papers for the Duke De [torn] by me, but they are still in their old state, and I have not had leisure to prepare them for him.
I dare say you have many such voluminous correspondents as myself: but you see how my pen runs to you.

Addressed: A Monsr: / Monsr. F / A Passi.
Endorsed: B Vaughan
Notation: April 28, 1778


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from David Hartley, 29 April 1778
From: Hartley, David
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Dear Sir,
Paris, April 29, 1778.
I will take care of all your commissions. This moment a second packet of infinite value is received, which I shall cherish as a mark of affection from you. I opened the letter by mistake which came with it, and soon saw it was not for me. I hope you will excuse it. I chuse rather to throw myself upon your goodness for the excuse, than any thing else. I shall not set out till between one and two; therefore if you will be so good as to send me another copy, I will take care of it and deliver it safely.
God bless you, my dear friend. No exertion or endeavour on my part shall be wanting, that we may some time or other meet again in peace. Your powers are infinitely more influential than mine. To those powers I trust my last hopes. I will conclude, blessed are the peace-makers. Your affectionate friend,
D. Hartley.

If tempestuous times should come, take care of your own safety: events are uncertain, and men may be capricious. Yours, &c.


Title: From Benjamin Franklin to David Hartley, [29 April 1778]
From: Franklin, Benjamin
To: Hartley, David

[April 29, 1778]
I thank you for your kind caution, but having nearly finished a long life, I set but little value on what remains of it. Like a draper, when one chaffers with him for a remnant, I am ready to say, “As it is only the fag-end, I will not differ with you about it, take it for what you please.” Perhaps the best use such an old fellow can be put to, is to make a martyr of him,
B.F.


Title: Ralph Izard to the American Commissioners, 29 April 1778
From: Izard, Ralph
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Gentlemen
Paris 29 April 1778.
I have the honour of sending you an extract of a Letter received from Charles Town, in South Carolina, dated the 12th. of February. “A dreadful fire broke out in the morning of the 15th. January, the North end of Union-Street, which has consumed the most beautiful part of the Town. Upon the alarm’s being given, a number of people with all the engines were soon assembled, but the Wind blowing fresh at N.N.E. drove the flames with an impetuosity that could not be checked. The fire was so rapid in its progress, that before 12 o’Clock, it had entirely destroyed all Union-Street, the South-side of Queen Street from Mr. Doyley’s house to the Bay, the greatest part of Chalmers’s Alley; all the Bay (except fifteen houses) from Queen’s Street to Granville’s Bastion; the north side of Broad Street from Mr. Thomas Smith’s to the Bay; the South side of the same from Mr. Sarrasin’s to Mr. Guerard’s house; all Gadsdens alley; all Elliott’s Street except two houses; all Bedons alley; the East side of Church-Street from Broad Street to Stoll’s alley except five tenements, and the whole of Tradd Street to the Eastward of Church Street; which altogether formed one of the most dismal scenes of woe and distress, that can possibly be conceived. The number of dwelling houses destroyed, exclusive of stores and outhouses is upwards of 250. The quantity of merchandize and furniture lost is very considerable. The whole loss by the most moderate computation exceeds three millions of dollars. Many are of opinion it is upwards of a Million Sterling.”
I flatter myself with the hopes, that some substantial relief might be obtained from this Kingdom either by application to the Government, or by private subscription. It may be proper to consider whether both, or either of these modes, should be adopted; and I shall be ready to confer with you about it, at any time that you are pleased to appoint. I have the honour to be Gentlemen, Your most obedient humble Servant

Ra. Izard.
To The Honble Benja. Franklin Arthur Lee, and John Adams Esquires

Notation: Ra. Izard, Paris 29. avril 1778.


Title: Samuel Tucker to the American Commissioners, 29 April 1778: résumé
From: Tucker, Samuel
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

<Bordeaux, April 29, 1778: I have received your orders but cannot carry them out immediately; repairs will take another two weeks and more. Mr. Livingston will be my second lieutenant, and I am obliged to you.>


Title: Vergennes to the American Commissioners, 29 April 1778: résumé
From: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

<Versailles, April 29, 1778, in French: I passed on to M. Sartine your letter about convoys, and enclose his reply; you will, I am sure, be satisfied with the measures taken.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Edward Bridgen, 29 April 1778
From: Bridgen, Edward
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Sir
April 29 1778
I must beg the favour of your Excellency’s attention for a few moments, from affairs of greater consequence, for the ease of the mind of a very worthy Lady, the Sister of Mr. Michael Wentworth; who, after being used ill here, went to France some Months ago and from whom She has had no tidings since he left England. I therefore must intreat the favour, that your Secretary would be so good to give me every information in your power concerning him and to convey him the inclosed Letter. The reply to me I beg may be addressed to Bridgen & Waller London with a B under the Seal and sent A Monsieur Monsr. Chef au Bureau d’interprete des affaires Etrangeres a Versailles who will convey it to me. Mrs. B: joines me in wishing your Excellency every Good. I have the honour to be your Excellency’s most Obedient Servant
Edward Bridgen

Messrs. Dilly’s desires your Acceptance of Sheridans history of the revolution in Sweden, which I have sent to Mr. Genet.

Addressed: His Excellency / Benjn. Franklin / at Paris
Notation: Bridgen April 29 1778


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Oliver Pollock: Two Letters, 29 April 1778 and 1 May 1778
From: Pollock, Oliver
To: Franklin, Benjamin

I.
Sir
New Orleans 29th. April 1778
Having the Honour of being appointed agent for the United States of America in this part of the world I take the liberty of acquainting you that James Willing Esqr. Captn. in the service Came down the River Ohio to Mississippi with A party of Sixty men last month and has taken several prizes on his Route Amongst which is A letter of Mark mounting 16 guns commanded by Captn. Cox fitted out from London for Pensacola from which place he came bound to Manchak to take in A Cargo of Peltreys and Indigo and there was taken by Lieut. McIntyre and Ten men, and brought down here under our Colours. Should you have any dispatches for the Continent you may forward them under Cover to Monsr. J.B. Bourgard Merchant here, and at same time will take it as a favour if youll honour me with the News from your quarters. You may send your letters either Via the Havana or Cape Franceway [Français] as there are frequent opportunities from there here and from this I have safe Conveyances for the Continent. I am Sir Your most obedient humble Servant
Olr. Pollock
The Honbl Benjamin Franklin Esqr. turn

II.
Sir
1st May 1778
The Bearer of this Mr. Jerom Lackerfull Goes upon some business of his own and mine to Bordeaux, and will return here Immediately. If he Possibly has time he will wait upon you at Paris for your dispatches, and acquaint you with the News of this place more particular than I can write you. (Should he not wait on you) any dispatches you may have this way, will meet him at Messrs. Saml. and J.H. Delap’s Merchants in Bordeaux. I am Sir Your most obedient humble Servant
Olr. Pollock

Addressed: The Honble. / Benjamin Franklin Esqr. / Paris
Endorsed: Pollock New Orleans 29. avril 1778


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from ——— Martin, 30 April–11 May 1778: résumé
From: Martin, ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<Moscow, April 30 and May 11, 1778, in French: Some eighteen months ago the chevalier La Coste de Mezieres, a Frenchman, left the Russian service to return home. He is known to have reached Holland, and supposedly went to Madrid to enter the Spanish service. But his family has heard nothing, and has just sent me the most urgent request for news. I cannot help. But he went through Paris, I have been told, and saw you about joining the Americans. Please tell me whether this is true.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Thomas Pearson Low, April 1778
From: Low, Thomas Pearson
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Saturday Aprill the — 1778
May Please your Honour Mr. Franklin to excuse my Impertinence for Writeing to you. I am at present In distress at St. Mallous haveing Deserted the English Prisn Three times this war I have not money nor cloths to Shift my Self and can not find any of my Contry[men] here. The Last time I deserted it was at plymouth. I pased for an English man and shipt my Self for to go to Allegant. I deserted at Allegant and shipt aboard of A french Vessel and workd my passeg to Lanyon from Lanyon I walked to St. mallous. I applyed to the comesery for Assistance that is money Enuef to come to Nantz. He semed to be pleased at my Story But gave me no money but asked if I Would work aboard the frigat till I could Support my Self with money Enouf to come to Nantz. I can not get any [?] convenence to writ to you as I would be Glad to. Therefore I will only tell you that I am a sencere frind to the Stats of america and am desierous to war against my Enemy. I work A board one of the New frigates at St. Mallous till I Can have an answer if you will be pleased to gave one. I have ben to taking of Some Prises this war and have been in it Ever Since it be gun and have retaind the place of an officer aboard of the rising Empier and A board of Nathaninel freman A sloop of ten 10 guns. I have not convenence to inform you of things that would prove to the advantage of my Contry. I hope for an answer In Twelve days. I am Sir your humble servent
Thomas Pearson Low

You will be pleasd to direct this answer to this to your most humble Servant
G Vincent FILS

Endorsed: Thos Pearson Low American Prisoner


Title: James Moylan to the American Commissioners, 1 May 1778
From: Moylan, James
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Honorable Gentlemen
L’Orient pmo May 1778
The restriction Captain Jones has laid the Intendent of Brest under, respecting the prize he sent in there, gives the Admiralty a power over her that will cause infinite delay and very heavy expences on this and every future occasion, if the president [precedent] be admited. I take the liberty of mentioning this matter to you, as I think you may adopt a different plan more for the public good. I have the honor to be respectfully Honorable Gentlemen Your most obedient humble Servant
James Moylan

Addressed: To / The Honorable Plenipotentiary / Ministers from the United / States of America.
Endorsed by John Adams: Moylan. 1st May 1778


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Abbé Chalut, 1 May 1778
From: Chalut, abbé ——
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Vendredi 1er mai. [1778]
L’abbé Chalut a l’honneur de faire ses compliments à Monsieur franklin, et de le prier de la part de son frere de lui faire l’honneur de venir diner chez lui un jour de la semaine prochaine. Le jour est au choix de Monsieur franklin. C’est pour diner avec un ambassadeur qui desire beaucoup de Le voir.
Mad. de Chalut lui fait mille compliments, et la petite Lucile desire sincerement de l’embrasser quoiqu’elle ne veuille pas étre americaine; mais peut-étre changera-t-elle de sentiment, elle vous sçait toujours bon gré d’avoir voulu l’acheter. L’abbé Arnoux ici present vous assure de son attachement respectueux. M. adams et le cher petits seront s’il vous plait de la partie.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur franklin Ministre / plenipotentiaire des Etats unis / d’Amerique / à Passy.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Williams, 1 May 1778
From: Williams, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honourable Sir,
1 May 1778
I now find that I have been most cruelly and Shamefully as well as designedly deceived and deluded here by pretended friends whose deep designs have but lately Come fully to light, and which had I an opportunity of explaining would lessen the wonder that has been excited in my friends in France, at my tarrying here.
Dr. Smith, the bearer has so long and so uniformly taken such a Very public and active part against the present administrators that it is unnecessary for me to say much in his favour as a friend to America. He has almost wholly sacrificed his own private intrest and Estate in the cause, and I have every reason to beleive, has never had any Kind of communication with the present set of Ministers. I beg leave to refer you to him for many particulars; I send here enclosed a Letter from Mrs. Huston which will acquaint you with Mrs. Stevensons lame Situation. And I shall wait in [on] them for their commands before I take my departure and shall be made extremely happy to receive my commands from you. I have the honour to be with the greatest respect and faithfullness Honored Sir your devoted and most Humble Servant
Jno Williams
Dr Franklin &c &c &c

Notation: Williams 1st. May 1778.


Title: John Bondfield to the American Commissioners, 2 May 1778
From: Bondfield, John
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

Honored Sirs
Bordeaux 2 May 1778
I have this instant receiv’d a Letter from Charles Town by Cap. Ducass who left that City the 30 March. He met a few Leagues from the Coast of France a French Snow bound into this Port on board of which Vessel he put as esteeming it safer all the Letters and Packets he had in charge. The Snow is expected in to Day. I shall see forwarded (if there are any) the Packets for your Honors. I dont learn anything further by him than what you will have receiv’d by Cap. Le Mair. I understand he has some Indigo on board for the Publick but apprehend it is for the Service of the State of Carolina; as he has no papers I cannot judge til they come up.

There will sail from this Port in ten or fifteen Days four or five Sail for the Southern States. These two Arrivals with Tobacco will engage many new Adventurers. I am with due respect Your Honors Most Obedient Humble Servant
John Bondfield
The Honble. Benj Franklin Arthur Lee John Adams Esqrs.

Addressed: The Honble. Benj Franklin, Arthur / Lee & John Adams Esqrs. / Commissioners from Congress / at / Paris
Notation: Bondfiel John 2. May 1778


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from F. Bayard, 2 May 1778
From: Bayard, François-Louis
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Paris Le 2 May 1778
Je vous supplie d’ecouter favorablement Monsieur jolly de la Tour Interessé dans La maison de Messieurs famin De Londres dont un d’eux a habitté Longtems La Georgie. Je me flatte Monsieur que vous auréz été satisfait de la maniere dont j’ai Traitté avec Monsieur Platt d’après votre Recomandation. J’aurai sous peu l’honneur de prendre vos instructions a ce sujet et de vous Reiterer Les assurances du Respect avec lequel je suis Votre très humble et obeissant Serviteur
F. BayardCloitre Saint Opportune quartier St. Denis

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur franklin chez Monsieur Le Rey de Chaumont / A Passy
Notation: Bayard Paris 2 may 1778.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Abbesse de Maucler, 2 May 1778: résumé
From: Maucler, ——, abbesse de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

<La Fère in Picardy, May 2, 1778, in French: Rumor in these parts has it that you are coming to see the royal artillery school here. If so I beg you to stay with me. I should be flattered to receive one who honors a name that belongs to me through my maternal grandmother, a Franklin from Ireland. Whether this is your family I do not know, but do know that I should get infinite pleasure from seeing you.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from the Comte de Sarsfield, 2 May 1778
From: Sarsfield, Guy-Claude, comte de
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Saturday may the 2d 1778
Count Sarsfield’s best compliments wait upon Dr. Franklin and has the honour to inform him that he has thought fit to postpone his Going to chaillot on occasion of mrs. Macaulay’s translation as he Supposes that the arrival of the Gentleman from america may Give a good deal of Business to mr. Franklin. He will have the honour to wait upon him one of the next days but not to morrow as he foresees that the Doctor may go to versailles.
The count takes the liberty to desire the Dr. to let him Know What news he may think fit or have the Leisure to impart to him.

Addressed: A Monsieur / Monsieur Franklin / A Passy


Title: The American Commissioners to Bersolle, 3 May 1778
From: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John
To: Bersolle, Emmanuel-Yves

Sir,
Passy May 3d. 1778.
Your Bill upon our Banker was not paid, because it was drawn without our Leave; and before you had sent Us the Accounts to shew we were your Debtors, and he could not regularly pay a Bill on our Account, which he had not our Orders to pay. We are Sir, your most obedient Servants.
B. FranklinArthur LeeJohn Adams
(Copy)Monsr. Bersolle.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Antoine Borel, 3 May 1778
From: Borel, Antoine
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur,
Paris ce 3 may 1778.
Si la posterité doit des éloges, aux citoyens vertueux, qui ont fait le bonnheur de leurs patrie, quelles obligations ne contractons nous pas, quand ces genies heureux se trouve sous nos yeux et parmi nous?
Plein d’admiration pour L’auteur de la revolution actuelle, Triomphe de la raison et de l’humanité, J’ai essayés de rendre ce grand evenement dans un dessein, que Je me propose de faire graver par un des meilleurs artiste de notre academie. Oserai-je me flatter que Monsieur franklin voudra bien accepter et l’homage de ce dessein et la dedicasse de L’estampe, heureux si cet ouvrage peut plaire a celui à qui Je l’ai destiné? Son aprobation me répondra de celle du public, et sera la satisfaction la plus grande que puisse eprouver un Jeune artiste qui toute sa vie ne cessera d’etre avec admiration et reconnaissance de Monsieur franklin Le tres humble tres obeissant et Tres respectueux serviteur
Borelrüe de Boucherat au coinde celle de Xaintonge.

Oserai-je faire encore une priere a Monsieur, qui seroit de me donner une demie heure pour finir la Tête du principal personage de mon dessein? Je prenderés tous les moments qu’on voudra bien m’accorder, et me renderés aux ordres qu’on voudra bien me prescrire.

La liberté de L’amerique.
Franklin, couroné de Branches de Chêne, affranchi L’amerique, qui embrasse La statûe de la liberté. Minerve couvre le heros de son égide: a sa gauche La prudence et le courage Renverse L’angletere Qui dans sa chute entraine un Neptune. Sa courone Tombée, son trident rompû, désignent ainsi que les chaines, le gouvernail et l’enseigne militaire brisées, L’humiliation L’abaissement et l’extirpation de la tiranie anglaise, dans le nouveau monde et sur les mers.

A la droitte de La liberté, le Comerce et L’agriculture aplaudissent a cette heureuse Revolution.
Les palmiers sont le simbole de l’abondance et de La stabilité.

Endorsed: Description of the Drawing by Borell. It is fram’d and glaz’d a large Piece.


Title: Vergennes to the American Commissioners, 4 May 1778: résumé
From: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de
To: American Commissioners,Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur,Adams, John

<Versailles, May 4, 1778, in French: I have taken the King’s orders on presenting Mr. Adams, who will be received on Friday the 8th. I hope that you will dine with me that day, for I should be delighted to spend some hours with you.>


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Jacques Brillon de Jouy, 4 [May] 1778
From: Brillon de Jouy, Jacques
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Lundy 4. [May, 1778]
M. Brillon presente ses respects a Monsieur franklin.
Il le prie de lui dire ce qu’il pense sur la proposition suivante.
M. Hennet ami de M. Brillon qui a deja fait quelques fournitures d’armes pour le congrés, ayant appris l’arrivée de Messieurs de la Virginie demande s’il pouroit se reclamer auprés d’eux de Monsieur franklin pour leur offrir ses services.
Si monsieur franklin n’y voit pas d’inconvenient M. Brillon le prie de lui envoyer les noms et demeures de ces Messieurs, et même d’y joindre si cela se peut, un petit mot de recomandation en faveur de M. Hennet qui a eté hier au soir chez Monsieur franklin et qui ne l’a pas trouvé.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Thomas-Antoine de Mauduit, Chevalier du Plessis, 4 May 1778
From: du Plessis, Thomas-Antoine Mauduit, chevalier
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
Au camp americain à Walley-forge, 4 may 1778
Que je vous ai d’obligation de M’avoir mis à même d’etre util à La cause de L’Amerique! Y étant venû sous vos auspices, je prends la Liberté de vous envoyer la copie de la resolution dont le Congrès m’a honoré, j’ose esperer que vous voudrez bien avoir la bonté d’en faire part aux personnes par qui je vous ai été recommandé, et à toutes celles que vous croyez pouvoir un jour être utiles à mon avancement en france.
L’armee doit celebrer demain la conclusion du traité d’alliance entre votre nation et la mienne, le bruit de l’artillerie et de la Mousqueterie se confondra avec Huzza, et je crois que l’armée ennemie actuellement à philadelphie, ne dansera pas au son de notre musique. Je suis avec Le plus profond respect, Monsieur, Votre Tres humble et tres obeissant serviteur
Le CHEVALIER DE Mauduit DU PLESSIS

Notation: Mauduit du Plessis may 4. 78


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from Joseph Fichet, 4 May 1778
From: Fichet, Joseph
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Monsieur
St. malo 4 May 1778.
J’ai L’honneur de vous Remettre Incluse la Copie d’une Lettre du Sieur françois C. Rouxel, Commandant mon Navire le prudent de ce port, Expedié en Août dernier pour le grand cabotage; D’abort d’ici a lorient, de ce lieu a St. ander, ou il a chargé pour Londres, et rechargé a ce dernier lieu pour Madere; a l’entrée duquel port, ayant Même un pilot du lieu a son bord, prest à le Mouiller; il a eté Rencontré par le corsaire ameriquain appellé le Lion de 16 Cannons Capitaine Mr. Benjamin Ivorron de Salam, qui l’a Non seulement aresté, Mais encore Beaucoup pillé et fait conduire par ces Gens a la Martinique, avec le capitaine de mon dit Navire et un seul homme de son equipage, ayant detenu le reste a bord de son corsaire, ainsi que vous en Instruira la ditte Lettre; que je ne vous envoye que pour vous mettre a Même de donner Les ordres que vous croirés Necessaire a ce Sujet. J’ai L’honneur d’etre avec Respect Monsieur Votre humble et obéissant Serviteur
Jh. Fichet

Notation: Fitchet st Malo. 4 May 1778.


Title: To Benjamin Franklin from John Seaward, 4 May 1778
From: Seaward, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin

Honorable Sir
Brest May the 4 1778
Acording to Orders Which ar in the other Side, I arived in this Porte with the Ship Lord Chatham tacking [taken] the 16th of aprel and applied to Monsr. De La Porte who Sent for Mr. Riou Kings Intprter in this Porte and had the Ship orderd in the Porte and all the hatches Lockd in Saftey. As for My Sealf and Men have Ben obliged to Keep a Shour Close By the Ship Whear Wee May Tacke Ceare of hur Regging and Pumping hur out. Mr. Riou Who has Suplyed the Ranger when in this Porte Suplyes the Ship Crue with all Nesrey, and So we will all Stay Till the Captn. of the Ranger awrrivil[?] which I Be Leve, Will Be in a fortnite or Orders from your Honer.
Sir I Should Be Glad you Would Drict our orders To Mr. Riou. Sir, the offersers and Ships Crew was Contented Mr. Riou would Tack Ceare of thir Parte If the Vesel is Sold. I Should Be Glad of your Orders for So Dueing. From Sir Most humble Survent To Surve
John Seaward

By John Poule Jones Esqr. Capain in the Americen Navy: Mr. John Seaward you are hereby appointed Commander of our Prize the Ship Lord Chatham you are to navigate hur to Brest in Fraince as Sune as Possible on your Arival thir you are to Recive and Obay the Directions of Monsr. De La Porte Respeting, the Ship and you ar to remaing with the People, under your Command at Brest untill you have Orders to Go Elswhear from the Commissioners or from Me, your faithful Discharge of the Trust hearby Repared in, you will Recomend you to My further Notes and attenticon Giveng on Bor the American Continental Ship of War Ranger the 16th of Aprel 1778.
John Pol Jones
Coppey

Addressed: To The honorebl / Doctter Frankleing / Agagin [Agent] at Paris
Notation by John Adams: Jn. Seaward Prize Master of the Lord Chatham may 4. 1778. with Copy of C. Jones’s orders


Title: John Adams to [Franklin and Arthur Lee], 5 May 1778
From: Adams, John
To: Franklin, Benjamin,Lee, Arthur

Tuesday. May. 5. 1778
Mr. Adams has recd. from the Count De Vergennes a Letter containing Information that his Majesty will see Mr. A. on Fryday, and an Invitation from the Count to Messrs. Franklin Lee and Adams to dine with him on that Day. The Letter is addressed to Messrs Franklin Lee and Adams.

Notation: 5 May 78