Title: To George Washington from Tobias Lear, 23 June 1791
From: Lear, Tobias
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia June 23d 1791

After acknowledging the receipt of your letter of the 19th Inst. with which I have been this moment honored, I have to communicate to you the melancholly account of the death of the good and amiable Doctor Jones. He died this morning! He had for two or three days past been so much indisposed as to be confined to his bed; but his friends had no idea of his being in immediate danger. I saw him the day before yesterday & yesterday. And when I visited him yesterday he thought himself much better than he was the day before, and expressed his hopes & expectations of getting abroad in a few days. Last evening he took 3 grains of opium which not having the desired effect, he, this morning, took some of his own Elixir—and soon after fell a sleep. A short time afterwards Dr Foulke called to see him, and being informed that he was a sleep, he sent his servant up to see if he had not awoke. The Servant found him dead. These are the particulars as they have been related to me.
Fraunces has been strenuous in his endeavours to get Mrs Read into the family; but having met with so peremptory a refusal from Mrs Washington & myself to listen to the matter, I presume he has laid aside the idea of effecting it. Her coming would certainly be attended with all the evils which you suggest; and in addition to them I have no doubt but she would oblige Mrs Emerson to quit the family, which, in my opinion, would be an irreparable loss. Mr Fraunces is stongly guarded in his agreements against the use of any kind of wine at the second Table under any pretence.
I received, by the last Post, a letter from Major Jackson covering a Commission for the office of Comptroller of the Treasury, which I had filled with the name of Mr Wolcott & after the seal was affixed to it & countersigned by the Secretary of State⟨,⟩ I delivered it to that Gentleman. A letter from Messrs Fenwick & Mason, explanatory of the wine from Charleston, was received at the same time. The Cases are agreeable to the Invoice and appear to be in good order; but how their contents are I know not. I intend, however, to have them examined to know whether they may be depended on or not. Mr Jefferson tells me that the wine which he has for you shall be attended to as soon as he can

find a little leisure from the business that has pressed upon him since his return from his Northern Tour.
I need not tell you, Sir, how happy I am to find that my doings in your absence, so far as they have been communicated to you, meet your approbation. I entertain strong hopes that the Servants will be fully impressed with the folly of any attempt to frustrate the determination of establishing order & industry in the family. Rhemur has given notice that he shall quit the family at the expiration of the present month; not from any disgust, but that he may live in New York with his wife, whose parents, he says, will not permit her to come to this place. Fraunces says a man in his place is indispensable, and he must therefore get another. This being the case, I am sorry that Rhemur cannot continue; for he has conducted himself in a quiet, peacable, and so far as I can learn⟨,⟩ honest manner since he has been with us.
I shall not fail to pay particular attention to your wishes respecting the Blankets—And the two kinds of Turnip seed (if they can be got) shall be procured and sent to the Major by the first vessel that sails for Alexandria. At present there is no vessel up, but one is expected here every moment from Alexa which will return thither immediately. I will follow the directions respecting boys for the Stable, and if any vessels arrive with Emigrants from Germany I think they may be procured from that quarter; otherwise there is no doubt but they may be obtained in the City.
I do myself the honor to enclose Mr Payne’s Answer to Mr Burke. I enclosed one in my letter of the 22d of may which I presume has not yet got to your hands. In Mr Fenno’s papers of Saturday last, & this day, are two Numbers signed Publicola, taken from the Massachusetts Centinel, in answer to Mr Payne. The general voice says they are written by Mr Adams; but those who are best acquainted with his style say they are not.
In my letter of the 19th I mentioned my intention of transmitting, for signature, some blank Commissions for the Revenue Cutters; but upon looking over those which had been struck off for that purpose, and of the parcel which had been filled & transmitted to their respective addresses, before you left this place, I found there was an important error, as you will see in the last line of the one enclosed. I shewed it Colo. Hamilton who observed that it would never answer to have these issued, and if

those which had been transmitted to the Officers were of the same kind it would be proper to recall them and have others issued without the limiting clause. I then applied to the Office of State where the Commissions were filled up & recorded—and found that those which had been transmitted were of this kind. Mr Jefferson immediately gave directions for striking off a number of Blanks without that clause, which will be ready for your signature on your arrival in this City—which the Secretary of the Treasury says will be in season for them. I never before examined one of these commissions. Those which were completed before your departure came with the Seals affixed from the Office and were returned immediately after being signed, to be transmitted. There were never any of the Blanks in my possession.
Mr Wolcot received his Commission with expressions of gratitude, and at the same time asked if any person had been fixed upon for the Auditor’s office. I told him I had not understood that there was; but that several, whose names I mentioned, had been brought to view. He observed, that knowing as he did the duties & importance of that office, he did not hesitate to give it as his opinion that the credit & respectability of the department of Finance, depended more upon that Officer than upon any one in the department except the Secretary. He had it more in his power to give a complexion to the business done at the Treasury than any other officer. Every person who had accounts to settle there necessarily had more to do with the Auditor than with any one else; and from the manner in which that officer did his business they would be led to form their opinion of the department. The harmony of the department, he added, likewise much depended on that officer; for if his doings were not so executed as that they could meet the approbation of the Comptroller it would cause a discord between the two—and unavoidably throw an enormous weight of business on the latter—more, perhaps, than it would be possible for any man to execute in addition to the other duties of the Office. After making these observations he said there was no doubt, but that your mind would naturally turn itself to the Southward for a Character to fill that place. In which case he could not help expressing a wish that Mr Kean might be thought the suitable man; for from the knowledge he had of his talents & disposition, Industry & Integrity

he had no doubt but he would fill the place with much credit. I then expressed the idea which had been suggested by some that he would not accept it. Mr W. said he knew nothing of that, for he had never expressed to him anything which could lead to the discovery of a sentiment on that point. I, afterwards, fell in with Colo. Hamilton, who introduced the subject, & said he had no doubt but Mr Kean would accept the appointment if it should be offered to him, and appeared to speak as if from Authority. I have had no opportunity since my last, of learning anything more of the public opinion respecting a District Judge.
Unless I hear from undoubted authority that you will come through Baltimore I shall not write again, unless some special circumstance should require it. If you come through Baltimore I shall have the honor to address a letter to you at that place.
Mrs Washington is uncertain whether she shall write at this time, and in case she should not she directs me to tell you she is well & to rember her to you in suitable terms. Washington has recovered from the effects of the Chicken pox; but Nelly has been for some days past sadly afflicted with a sore throat. She is now a little better. Mr Dandridge is quite well—Mrs Lear & the child enjoy good health. She unites with me in a grateful & respectful remembrance to yourself & best wishes to all at Mount Vernon. I have the honor to be with the greatest gratitude & respect Sir, Your obliged & Obedt Sert

Tobias Lear


Title: To George Washington from George Clendinen, 25 June 1791
From: Clendinen, George
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia, June the 25th 1791

On the Eleventh day of May last I Receiv’d your Excellencies favour, directed to me from this City, dated, The twenty first of March, Wherein you inform me that you have disposed of the whole of your Lands On the great Kanawa, and on the Ohio between the two Rivers bearing the name of Kanawa, Drafts of which have been in my hands for A Considerable time. And altho I am purswaded you must have sold them considerably under their Value from their present Expos’d situation, Nothing Could contribute more to the welfair of the place, than the Immediate Sale of the Military Lands, as they are held in Such large Surveys as to prevent the Settlements from taking place, So as to form a Barier against the Indians, Wherefore I am Convinc’d you will consider your loss very Inconsiderable.
On the Receipt of your last mentioned letter I would have Immediately Transmitted you the Drafts In my hands (which you Required) Had I not been coming to this place; therefore brought them with me, & have herewith Inclos’d them free from any Incumbrance whatever, as I was unwilling to take any Steps concerning them, until I had Receiv’d An answer to the letter which I wrote your Excellency last Winter by the Honble andrew Moore, Expressive of the Terms on which I apprehended your Lands might be Seated, to which I Never Receivd an answer or Any Account until you Inform’d me of the late Sale.
And permit me Sir to assure you that I feel abundently Recompenc’d, for any Indeavours I may have us’d, respecting your property In that quarter, And Contemplate no act of my life with greater pleasure, Then that of rendering you any service in the reach of my Small Abilities. I have the Honr to be with great Respect and Esteem your Very Obt Hble Sevt

Geo. Clendinen


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Jefferson, 26 June 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Jefferson, Thomas

Sir,
Mount-Vernon, June 26th 1791.

The last post brought me your letter of the 20th instant, and the duplicates of your letters, which were missing when I last wrote to you—the originals of which have since been received—This acknowledgement is all the notice I shall take of them until I have the pleasure of seeing you.
I have selected the letters written by you to me while you were in the administration of the government of this State—and I will take them with me to Philada.
The enclosed letters have been received since my return to Mount Vernon. I am Sir, your most obedient Servant

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Tobias Lear, 26 June 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Lear, Tobias

Dear Sir,
Mount Vernon June 26th 1791.

This is the eve of my departure for George town, & being Sunday, ought to have been a day of rest; but it is not so with me, either from company, or business; the latter, occasioned by a constant succession of company during the whole of last week: wch obliged me to postpone many matters until this day, which ought, & but for that reason, would have been done in the course of it—Such time as I have been able to spend in my study to day, has been employed in sorting of the Letters & Papers which have been recd since I left Charleston—part of which I enclose, because my travelling writing desk will not contain them.
I have but little leizure to say much in this letter, if much (as I expect soon to be in Philadelphia) was necessary. I presume all the letters which had been sent to Taylors ferry, and other places have got to me—but that you may judge, the following is a list of them.
April—3d 5th 10th 15th 17th 24th
May—1st 8th 15th 22d 29th
June—5th 12th 19th

What my stay at Georgetown may be, is at present beyond my ken—I go there prepared to proceed, and shall make Herculas take the Waggon box in place of Paris. From that place, so soon as I shall be able to decide on the day of my departure from it, and the rout, I will inform you, or Mrs Washington thereof. I think it was a duty you owed Mrs Lear, your mother, to meet her at New York, for the purpose of accompanying her to Philadelphia. If she is still in that city I request my respects may be presented to her. The last Post came without the Commissions promised in the P.S. to your letter of the 19th or any letter from you—my best wishes attend Mrs Lear &ca and I am Your sincere friend and affecte Servant

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, 26 June 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth

Dear Sir,
Mount-Vernon, June 26th 1791

The enclosed letter, which is under a flying seal, and the plough, which accompanies it, are referred to your inspection—and are addressed to your care, to be transmitted to Mr Chesnut at Camden. With great regard, I am dear Sir, Your most obedient Servant

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from the Commissioners for the Federal District, 30 June 1791
From: Commissioners for the Federal District
To: Washington, George

Sir
George Town [Md.] 30th June 1791

Turning our attention to Day to the Circumstances of the Carrollsburgh and hamburgh Lots, we are not free from apprehensions of difficulties in Settling with some of the Proprietors—Many of the Proprietors of the Carrollsburgh Lots have signed an Engagement to give up one half their Land on having the other half assigned them as near their original Situation as the new laying out will permit—According to the new plan, by an appropriation of ground for public uses, it will be out of the Power of the Commissioners to assign Land in Compensation near the former situation the most probable resourse to give content will be, to give the value in Land which may fall to the public in a different situation; but it is not likely that this will be satisfactory in every Instance.
The subscribers for Hamburgh have subjected their lots on a valuation—the state of the funds will not allow us to go deep in that way, we have therefore consented as was the Idea whilst you were here, to put them on the same Footing as the Proprietors of Carrollsburgh, with this restriction, that where a part of their own Lots cannot be assigned nor a compensation in other Lands agreed on, that the old Terms shall be binding to receive the value. This we expect will a good deal narrow the demand for money.
Those circumstances have induced us to mention our apprehension to Majr L’Enfant and to remark to him your ideas, as you were pleased to disclose them, to him and us, of preserving as much of the Land to the original proprietors as well may be,

and that they more strongly applied to those places than those parts of the plat which occasioned them.
As Majr L’Enfant purposes ⟨soon⟩ to attend you and probably will have the ⟨plat with⟩ him, we much wish, Sir, your attention to those parts and that they may be left in such a state as to lessen as far as possible the difficulties in settling with the proprietors—In consequence of what passed concerning a Treasurer and the probability of circumstances soon arising under which one may be necessary we have proceeded to the appointment of William Deakins Junr. We are Sir with great respect your mo. obedt Servts

Thos Johnson
David Stuart
Danl Carroll


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Attwood Digges, 1 July 1791
From: Digges, Thomas Attwood
To: Washington, George

Belfast 1 July 1791

As I am writing to Mr Fitzgerald I take the liberty under a Cover to Him to inclose Your Excellency a description of Messrs McCabe & Pearce’s new invented double Loom for weaving two peices at the same time, & which description is annexd to the Report of a Committee of the Irish House of Commons upon the utility & benefit of such a Loom.
Since Mr Wm Pearces embarkation hence to New York in May last, in order to obtain a Patent from Congress for said Loom, His partner Mr Thomas McCabe has taken no steps in this Country for a premium, But He is now in London endeavouring to obtain a Patent for in England, where He will undoubtedly succeed.
It is necessary for me to mention to Your Excellency, That the drawings & specifications commonly necessary for the obtaining a Patent went out in the Brig Endeavour Capt. Seward to N. York with Mr Pearce and a working Artist Mr Wm Jameson who made the Looms, and together with a set of Temples & Headles Elbow & Shuttles &ca were boxd up, seald, and directed for Your Excellency to the care of Mr Geo. Woolsey Merchnt New York. Mr McCabe as well as myself mentiond this in seperate Letters to Your Excelly, and I gave Mr Peare a seperate introductory Letter. He will be a most valuable acquisition in whatever quarter He may fix, & has I think ere this been at Alexandria & the Falls.

As I had it not in my power then to forward the printed Report of the Committee, I take this oppertunity of forwarding it, And am with the highest Esteem & veneration Yr Excellencys most Obedt & very He Sert

Thos Digges


Title: From George Washington to the Inhabitants of Frederick, Maryland, 1 July 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Inhabitants of Frederick, Maryland

Gentlemen,
[Taneytown, Md., 1 July 1791]

I express with great pleasure my obligations to your goodness, and my gratitude for the respectful and affectionate regard which you are pleased to manifest towards me.
Your ascripition of my public services over-rates their value, and it is justice to my fellow-citizens that I should assign the eminent advantages of our political condition to another cause—their valor, wisdom, and virtue—from the first they derive their freedom, the second has improved their independence into national prosperity, and the last, I trust, will long protect their social rights, and ensure their individual happiness.
That your participation of these advantages may realise your best wishes is my sincere prayer.

G. Washington


Title: To George Washington from George Skene Keith, 1 July 1791
From: Keith, George Skene
To: Washington, George

Sir
Keith hall by Aberdeen N. Britain July 1st 1791

A Clergyman of the Church of Scotland takes the Liberty of writing your Excellency on a subject interesting to mankind—and begs you will accept of the small publication which accompanies this Letter—The subject is at present under discussion in the Assembly of the United States: and the Author would not have troubled your Excellency, if he had not bestowed more labour on that subject than he believes any man existing has done.
A Copy in Manuscript was sent you about 9 months ago to the Care of Dr Nesbit Principal of Carlisle College near Philadelphia as the author has been long in terms of intimacy with that Gentleman—But as it may have been miscarried, a copy of the publication is now forwarded to your Excellency.

The writer of this is Nephew to the late Reverend Mr John Barclay, Rector of St Luke parish Maryland, who was honoured with the Friendship—or at least much indebted to the patronage, of your Excellency—Soon after his first settlement in Virginia he married a couple without the consent of their parents—Your Excellency saved him from the consequences; and though he lived not to see your Glory, in a public character, he spoke and wrote of you in a becoming manner—His Nephew therefore has a private motive for writing you—And has the honour to be with very high Esteem Sir Your Excellencys Most Obedt Servt

Geo: Skene Keith


Title: To George Washington from Rodolph Valltravers, 3 July 1791 [letter not found]
From: Valltravers, Johann Rodolph von (Vall-Travers)
To: Washington, George

  Letter not found: from Rodolph Valltravers, 3 July 1791. In a letter to GW of 30 Nov., Valltravers referred to his letter of “July 3d; from Rotterdam; by Captn Trevett of Marblehead; charged with literary Communications

to the learned Societies at Philadelphia, Boston” (DNA: RG 59, Miscellaneous Letters).


Title: From George Washington to the Citizens of York, Pennsylvania, 3 July 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Citizens of York, Pennsylvania

Gentlemen,
[York, Pa., 3 July 1791]

I receive your congratulations with pleasure, and I reply to your flattering and affectionate expressions of esteem with sincere and grateful regard.
The satisfaction which you derive from the congeniality of freedom with good government, clearly evinced in the happiness of our highly favored country, at once rewards the patriotism that atchieved her liberty and gives an assurance of its duration.
That your individual prosperity may long continue among the proofs which attest the national welfare is my sincere wish.

G. Washington.


Title: From George Washington to the Corporation and Inhabitants of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 4 July 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Corporation and Inhabitants of Lancaster, Pennsylvania

Gentlemen,
[Lancaster, Pa., 4 July 1791]

Your congratulations on my arrival in Lancaster are received with pleasure, and the flattering expressions of your esteem are replied to with sincere regard.
While I confess my gratitude for the distinguished estimation in which you are pleased to hold my public services, a sense of justice to my fellow-citizens ascribes to other causes the peace and prosperity of our highly favored country—her freedom and happiness are founded in their patriotic exertions, and will, I trust, be transmitted to distant ages through the same medium of wisdom and virtue. With sincere wishes for your social, I offer an earnest prayer for your individual welfare.

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from William Simmons, 4 July 1791
From: Simmons, William
To: Washington, George

  Philadelphia, 4 July 1791. Presents his qualifications for the post of auditor of the United States and requests the appointment on the ground of background study and experience.


Title: To George Washington from Mary Harding Bristow, 5 July 1791
From: Bristow, Mary Harding
To: Washington, George

Sir
Spring Gardens London 5th July, 1791

I once more take the liberty of addressing a few lines to Your Excellency, as I am inform’d the Sale of my Son’s Brent Town Lands, was finaly set aside by the decree of Your Court of Appeals last december. there fore, the Claims of individuals upon it are entirely wiped away; leaving only that of the State under

the Escheat and forfeiture Laws, made during the War. I some years ago, did myself the honor to write to you, and send a Copy of the Petition, and Memorial Myself, and the other Guardians of my Son had address’d to the Assembly of the States in his behalf, which you had the goodness to acknowledge the receipt of. I shall there fore not trouble you with sending over an other Petition to the Legislature; but rely entirely on Your Excellency’s, and their Justice, & Humanity in Restoring to my Son that part of his Estate which it now absolutely is in their power to do—as I am sure they will recollect my Infant Son, cou’d do no act to offend! and as the Moderation of Peace, has succeeded the Asperities of War; I will hope: from the known goodness of Your Heart, and the great influence You must have! that I shall be made happy in a favorable Answer to my Request, which will always be acknowledged with great gratitude by Sr Your Excellency’s Most Respectfull Humble Servant

M: Bristow

P.St John Taylor Esqr. is in Possession of the affidavits of my Husband’s death and the Infancy of my Son. if you Sir shou’d think them of any Use.


Title: To George Washington from Pierre Huet de La Valinière, 6 July 1791
From: La Valinière, Pierre Huet de
To: Washington, George

Lake Champlain 6th July—1791—2 O’clock P.M.
To the Great General, the Preserver & Protector of the most admirable Country in the world—Safety!

I do not know enough of the English language to write it in one quarter of an hour as it is necessary for me to do. I have just learnt that you charity, joined to your justice, leads you to wish to be informed of those who have not been rewarded according to your good intentions. I beleive I am one of that number. In October 1784 I returned from the prisons of Europe, where the cause of America had been my ruin. I ventured to present a memorial to Congress, at least to the President & secretary of it, and receiving no answer I presented one to Genl Knox, who, assured of my suff⟨mutilated⟩gs, gave me a living as a Refugee for 6 months. I then sought to obtain a living for 3 years in the cause of America in the Illinois Country, where I in vain sought to make the Tories return to their duty, who deceived & deceiving, as I think, Genl Harmer. I was not able to bring it about, on the contrary the goodness & integrity of his heart made him give faith to all their deceptions accompanid with their liquor. I then returned by sea, after having passed though a thousand dangers—losses & afflictions. I am at present with the Canadian Refugees; but more than ever suspected by the English, who will

not suffer me to put my foot in Canada about my own affairs. Time will not permit me to develop my misfortunes—But waiting ’till it will, I take the liberty to assure you of the humble respects with which I have the honor to be Your Excellency’s most Obed. & Hbe Sert

P. Huet


Title: To George Washington from Cezar Du Buc, 7 July 1791
From: Du Buc, Cezar
To: Washington, George

Monsieur
Cambridge prés de Boston Le 7. Juillet 1791

Chargé Par Le Gouverneur Général de st Domingue de Remettre á Votre Excellence La Lettre Cy jointe et animé du desir de méler, Comme ami de L’humanité, mes hommages á Ceux que vous rendent tous Ceux qui Sâvent apprécier Les services qu’elle a Recu de vous, je me promettais de ne pas Laisser Echapper L’heureuse occasion que m’en fournissait Mr de Blanchelande, mais des Combinaisons de hazard me plaçant hors de mesure de pouvoir Realiser mon projet sous le moment j’ay L’honneur d’Envoyer á Votre Excellence la dépêche du Gouverneur de st domingue, et de La prier de me permettre de lui offrir en personne mes Respectueux hommages Lorsque voyageant dans Le Continent je me trouveray á portée d’elle. Je suis avec Respect Monsieur De Votre Excellence Le trés humble et trés obeissant serviteur

Cezar Du Buc


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 8 July 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

  Philadelphia, 8 July 1791. Respectfully submits a contract between the superintendent of the establishments on the Delaware River and John Wilson for building a beacon boat for its shoals and humbly gives his opinion, after comparing Wilson’s contract with that of Warwick Hale, enclosed, and after inquiring into the proportional value of a similar boat already built and into the present rates of constructing vessels in Philadelphia, “that a contract, more beneficial to the United States with a workman of competent ability would be difficult to effect.”


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 8 July 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

  Philadelphia, 8 July 1791. Presents his respects to the president and transmits a dispatch just received from Georgia.


Title: To George Washington from A. Hammond, 8 July 1791
From: Hammond, A.
To: Washington, George

Respected Sir,
Saturday Morng July 8th 1791.

The knowledge of the benevolence of your heart has prompted me to trespass a little on your time; for which I can plead no other excuse than my hope that your Excellencys indulgence will extend to the Gratification of not only my wish but the wish of many who justly entertain a great veneration for your virtues.
Could your Excellency be prevail’d on to honor the Theatre with your presence on Monday Evening, the writer of this (who respectfully waits your determination) would esteem it as a pleasing satisfaction and an essential piece of service as the Play was announced for his Benefit.
It may probably be an inducement to your Excellency to honor my request with your particular attention when I inform

you I am Grandson to an old Gentleman (Mr Christopher Ludwick) whom you have often distinguish’d with your notice and favord with marks of your esteem & approbation. Real necessity, combin’d w’th an inclination for the stage were the causes of my embracing my present profession; and being but young in the Theatrical world is one reason for my earnestly soliciting your Excellency’s Patronage as an introduction to that of the Public. But, I fear I intrude on your patience and will therefore conclude.
Should I be fortunate enough to merit a compliance with my request, It shall ever be rememberd with heartfelt Gratitude by your very humble Servant

A. Hammond.


Title: To George Washington from Michael Shubart, 8 July 1791
From: Shubart, Michael
To: Washington, George

Philadelphia July 8th 1791.

Your Memorialist Michael Shubart of this City Distiller, humbly sheweth.
That by the free Choice of his Fellow Citizens he has heretofore served in several Offices of this Commonwealth, amongst which a Representative in the Assembly & County Commissioner each for three Years, but by losses and Misfortune became so far reduced that he was obliged to give up all he had, and is out of Employ ever since, having no means to begin any Thing

He has applied to Mr Delany two Years ago, and often since for the Office of Gauger or Inspector but never succeeded, He has since applied to Mr Clymer for an Employ under him, and as he has been a Distiller and well versed in that Occupation, he was in great hopes, but was likewise disappointed. He now Applies to the President for some Office or public Employ by which to get a Livelihood for a Numerous Family in his advanced Years. For his Personal Character he refers to Robert Morris & Fredrick August Muhlenberg Esqrs. And your Memorialist will ever pray &c.

Michael Shubart


Title: To George Washington from Agricol Billion, 9 July 1791
From: Billion, Agricol
To: Washington, George

Mr President
at Mr James Mercier No. 15 North Water StreetPhiladelphia July 9th 1791

The satisfaction which the News of your return to Philadelphia has spread through the public mind manifested itself in such a manner that strangers, even those unacquainted with the english language, could not be ignorant of it; and altho I am of this last description, I have proved, as well as your Citizens, the sentiments of sensibility and admiration which all Europe expresses for your social & military virtues, and mingle my acclamations with those of this fortunate and grateful people whose fetters you have broken.
I had proposed, Mr President, before your arrival was announced, to invite, through the medium of the public papers, the Amateurs of the fine Arts, to make a purchase of three precious peices which I have brought here, They consist of two Busts of white marble as large as the life, one representing the effigy of John James Rousseau, and the other that of Montesque, and a small time piece for a Hall—supported by 4 Columns of white marble—covered by a Chinese canopy & gilt with gold in the manner of the famous Baillon. This Time piece is about 18 inches high and may be placed either on a Chimney Piece or on a Table, it has a glass case which wholly covers it.
The epoch of your return being indicated to me, I have therefore suspended the insertion of these things in the public Papers, flattering myself that you woud not dissapprove, Mr President, of my having the honor to offer them to you—in order that they might not be advertised in the papers until you had the refusal of them. I am, with Respect, Mr President, Yr most Huble & Obet Sert

Agricol Billion


Title: Tobias Lear to Alexander Hamilton, 9 July 1791
From: Lear, Tobias
To: Hamilton, Alexander

  Philadelphia, 9 July 1791. “The President has received a letter from Mr Rue, who was appointed second Mate of the revenue Cutter on the Delaware station, declining his appointment & returning his commission.”


Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 9 July 1791
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

War Department [Philadelphia] the 9th of July 1791

The Secretary at War having by order of the President of the United States, taken into his serious consideration, a Letter written by Major Richard Call, commanding Officer of the troops of the United States, to Messrs Speir and McLeod & Company dated the 2d of June—humbly Reports.

That all evidence whereon the said Letter may have been been grounded is entirely wanting, and therefore no conclusive opinion can be found thereon.
That the said Letter however seems to indicate on the part of the said Major Call, that he is under an influence independent of the immediate executive of the United States, and therefore liable to take measures inconsistent with their true interest and dignity. That under this impression, it would be proper that he be replaced immediately by another commanding Officer, and that he be ordered to join the troops on the Ohio.
That upon receiving more full information, the Secretary of War will, conformably thereto, submit a further report.
All which is humbly submitted to the President of the United States.

H. Knox


Title: Tobias Lear to Edmund Randolph, 9 July 1791
From: Lear, Tobias
To: Randolph, Edmund

  [Philadelphia] 9 July 1791. By the president’s command, returns the enclosed letter with the thanks of the president for the attorney generals

attention in submitting it for his perusal and notes that “The President expresses his pleasure at its contents.”


Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 11 July 1791
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

Sir
War department [Philadelphia], 11th July 1791.

Agreably to the powers you were pleased to vest in me on the ninteenth of March last, I have filled, the following vacancies, on the condition that you should approve thereof.
Second Regiment.
Captain Samuel Newman, vice Pray declined.
Jonathan Haskell, vice Freeman declined.
Lieutenant Martin Brimmer Sohier, vice Newman, promoted.
Cornelius Lyman vice Higginson declined.
Joseph Dickinson, vice Huger declined
Ensign William Balch, vice Sohier promoted.
John Sullivan, vice Edwards declined.
John Tillinghast vice George Tillinghast, declined.
Daniel Tilton, vice Joseph Smith Gilman, declined.
Samuel Andrews, vice Joseph Pierce junr declined.
John Bird, vice Dickinson promoted.
Micah McDonough, vice Duff, declined.
Surgeon’s mate, Elijah Tisdale, vice Sumner declined.
I have also to inform you Sir that the following vacancies exist.
One Lieutenant Colonel Commandant, One Captain, One Lieutenant and One Surgeon.
I humbly propose that the senior surgeon’s mate of the first regiment, to vizt John Elliot shall be appointed surgeon of the second regiment, and that the vacancy be filled by John Lynch, of New York, who is recommended by Dr Cochran.
That Captain Hughes have the vacancy of the Rhode Island company: He was formerly of that line, and has the reputation of a good officer.
For the vacant Lieutenancy in the second regiment, I submit John Heth, an Ensign in the First regiment, and at present employed on a mission to the Creeks.

That vice Heth, I submit Hastings Marks of Charlottesville, Virginia, to be an Ensign, who is recommended by Mr Jefferson.
I have also the honor to submit that Captain McCurdy of the First regiment, and Lieutenant Ernest of the Artillery have tendered their resignations—The former is at Lancaster, and in arrest, and will not probably be any loss to the service. The latter having been on the recruiting service has injured himself in such a manner as to be unfit for military duty.
I have informed these officers, that their resignations should be submited to the President of the United States, and would probably be granted.
In this case the eldest Lieutenant of the First regiment will fill Captain McCurdy’s place, and the eldest Ensign the place of the Lieutenant—This will occasion a vacancy of an Ensign, which it is submitted should be filled by a young gentleman at present serving as a cadet on the frontiers, by the name of Elijah Strong son of Captain Strong, who is in actual service on the Ohio, or John Bertlee Shee, son of Colonel Shee of Philadelphia.
The vacant lieutenancy in the Artillery to be filled by Staats Morris of New York. I have the honor to be with great respect Sir Your most obedient and humble servant

H. Knoxsecy of War


Title: Henry Knox to Tobias Lear, 11 July 1791
From: Knox, Henry
To: Lear, Tobias

  Philadelphia, 11 July [1791]. Requests that “some information just received by express” be submitted to the president; “After he shall have perused them I will wait upon him to receive his orders.”


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Osgood, 11 July 1791
From: Osgood, Samuel
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philadelphia July 11th 1791.

In the Execution of the Duties incumbent on the Postmaster General, I am sensible from Experience of the Propriety of his residing at the Seat of Government.
From a Consideration of the Inconveniences that would result to me by a Removal to Philadelphia, I am induced to make a Resignation of the Office of Postmaster General with which you were pleased to honor me, and for which, I beg leave to make my most grateful Acknowledgements. Whenever a Successor may be appointed, I shall be ready to deliver over the Office.
Permit me, Sir, to mention Mr Burrall, who has been my Assistant in the Office; His Knowledge of the Business of the Department—His attention & Accuracy in keeping the Accounts of the

same, as well as his long Services in other Departments under the late Congress of the united States, are Circumstances in his favor, which, I have no doubt, will have that weight given to them, which they may Justly merit.
sincerely wishing you a long & prosperous Continuance in your present important and arduous Station. I have the honor to be With the greatest Respect Sir, your most obedient Servant

Samuel Osgood


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Jefferson, 12 July 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Jefferson, Thomas

[Philadelphia] Tuesday 12th [July] 1791

The enclosed I send this afternoon, for your perusal. Tomorrow, 8’Oclock, I shall send the person who was the bearer of it, to you. It being the hour, he left word, when he left the letter, that he should call upon me. If Mr Pearce merits the character given him by T: D. he will unquestionably merit encouragement, & you can put him in the way to obtain it. Yrs ever

G.W.


Title: To George Washington from Edmund Randolph, 13 July 1791
From: Randolph, Edmund
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philadelphia July 13. 1791.

Having been engaged in court from the time of my leaving you yesterday, for the greater part of the day, I had not an opportunity of conversing with Mr Lewis, until the evening. He has committed to paper the result of his mind, in consequence of my interview with him, and I do myself the honor of inclosing it to you. I was indirectly informed that Judge Yeates would not be induced, upon any consideration, to live in this city; a place, from which the district-judge could not well be absent.

I also made a distant inquiry as to Mr Fitzsimmons’s inclination to the Auditorship. But I find, that he considers the employment, insufficiently compensated for the interruption, which his private business must sustain.
In revolving the subject of the Postmaster generalship, I have been impressed with the importance of its duties, and the skill, necessary for their execution. In both these, however, I do no more, than concur with you. I beg leave to repeat, what I yesterday took the liberty of suggesting, that the opinion of many respectable men has been strenuous in favor of relaxing that delicacy, which is supposed to have restrained you in the distribution of offices, with respect to those, who are around you. I shall not dissemble my genuine sentiment, that the propriety of departing from it seems to depend on the obvious fitness of the character nominated. By obvious fitness, I mean something, arising from acknowledged talents, habits of business, and public estimation, which will cut off every possible suspicion of an undue predilection. I do not apprehend, that it was your wish, that I should go farther than this. But that some scope of choice may be presented to you, I will submit to your consideration the following names:
Thomas Paine
Richard Peters.
Wm Smith, Baltimore
Thos Fitzsimmons.
Charles Thomson.
——Huston of Jersey, if living He was a member of congress. If the salary would attract candidates at a farther distance, I have no doubt, that you will have a great range for appointing to the office.
I delivered yesterday to the secretary of state the two subjects, with which you charged me for him. I have the honor, sir, to be with the highest and most sincere respect yr mo: ob. serv.

Edm: Randolph


Title: To George Washington from Martinus van Doorninck, 13 July 1791
From: Van Doorninck, Martinus
To: Washington, George

Sir
New York Júlÿ 13 1791.

Disgusted with the revolution of Holland, i resolved to cross the Atlantic, to settle me in this coúntrÿ of libertÿ, and was provided with the inclosed bÿ one of its most Strenuous assertors, the Gallant Marqúis de La Faÿette. At mÿ arrival i had the design to go to Philadelphia, and deliver the letter to Yoúr Exe:, but informed, that Yoúr Exe: was on a toúr throúgh the Soúthern States, i was obliged to give úp for that time anÿ intention, bút Since some daÿs hearing Your Exes: retúrn from his voÿage, i am compelled to Send the letter by the mail, becaúse i find, i can’t stand the súffocating hotness, which reigns in this Season,

by which i, and the most of mÿ familÿ, have not enjoÿed a good health Since the daÿ of oúr arrival: bÿ this i’m indisposed to wait on Yoúr Exe:, nevertheless i shall be for ever the Admiror of the Foundator of American Independencÿ and am Sir Yoúr Excellencÿ’s Most humble and devoted Servant

Martinus van Doorninck


Title: To George Washington from John Brett Kenna, 14 July 1791
From: Kenna, John Brett
To: Washington, George

May it please your Excellency
Friday 11. O Clock [14 July 1791]

I am very Certain my Letter demands more Apologies than Words Can Make. I must rely on your Innate Goodness of heart being a Mason to pardon me. I am in Great Distress. I had the Honor the War before this of being an Officer in the 54th Regt. I am known to General Spotswood, & young Mr Lewis of Fredericksburgh. I have been Assisted by Some of the Masons, & J.B. Smith ∴ G.M. of Pennsylvania, I most Humbly & Sincerely beg pardon for the Liberty I have taken, & am with Great Respect,

your Excellencys, most Obedt most devoted very humble Servant

John Brett Kenna ∴


Title: To George Washington from Frederick A. C. Muhlenberg, 15 July 1791
From: Muhlenberg, Frederick Augustus Conrad
To: Washington, George

  Philadelphia, 15 July 1791. Offers himself as a candidate for the office of postmaster general, Samuel Osgood having resigned. “This State having been divided into Districts & I having changed my place of Residence, renders it uncertain whether I shall be returnd a Member of the next Legislature, which Consideration induces me to take this Step.”


Title: From George Washington to William Deakins, 17 July 1791 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Deakins, William Jr.

	Letter not found: to William Deakins, Jr., 17 July 1791. On 22 July Deakins referred to GW’s “much Esteem’d favor of the 17th Current.”


Title: From George Washington to George Augustine Washington, 17 July 1791 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Washington, George Augustine

Letter not found: to George Augustine Washington, 17 July 1791. GW’s nephew wrote to him on 1 Aug., acknowledging “rect of Your favor of the 17th Ulto.”


Title: To George Washington from Sebastian Bauman, 18 July 1791
From: Bauman, Sebastian
To: Washington, George

  New York, 18 July 1791. Since Postmaster General Samuel Osgood is resigning, begs to “impress into” his successor, “under whom I must hold my Office,” and “to whom I may be a stranger, . . . sentiments favourable of me. I am competent for the Office in all its shape. Your

Excellency may rely not to be Disappointed in your recommendation, for non shall Exceed me in the duty of my Office, Both in integrity and Punctuallity.”


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Mifflin, 18 July 1791
From: Mifflin, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philadelphia 18th July 1791

I think it proper to lay before you, copies of the various documents respecting an application, which I have recently made to the Governor of Virginia, requiring, agreeably to the provision

contained in the second section of the fourth article of the Constitution of the United States, that he would take proper measures for apprehending Francis McGuire, Absalom Wells, and Baldwin Parsons, as fugitives from justice, in order that they might be delivered up to this State, having jurisdiction of their crime. The opinion which the Attorney General of Virginia has given upon this subject, as far as it respects the nature of the offence, is, I conceive, inaccurate, and could not have been given with a previous knowledge of the law of Pennsylvania on the subject: For, by an Act of Assembly, passed on the twenty ninth day of March, in the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty eight, the offence, charged in the several indictments, is rendered highly criminal, and the perpetrators, on conviction in any Court of Quarter Sessions (a Court of criminal jurisdiction exclusively) are not only condemned to forfeit the sum of one hundred pounds, but are subject, likewise, to be confined at hard labour, for any time not less than six Months, nor more than twelve Months. The fact charged, therefore, is a crime, made such by the laws of Pennsylvania; partaking of the nature of a felony, it is certainly included in the Constitutional description of “treason, felony, or other crime;” and, altho’ an action of trespass might be maintained in Virginia, by the injured individual to recover damages for his personal wrongs, yet, it is obvious, that no indictment, no trial, no conviction, no punishment, in the public name, could take place, according to the provisions of our Legislature, but under the authority of Pennsylvania, within her jurisdiction, and in the County where the offence was committed. It is equally certain, that the laws of the State, in which the act is committed, must furnish the rule to determine its criminality, and not the law of the State, in which the fugitive from Justice happens to be discovered.
I mean not, however, Sir, to enter into any farther controversy upon this point; it is sufficient to explain it: But as the Attorney General of Virginia has suggested another difficulty, with respect to the mode of arresting persons demanded as fugitives from Justice, I have thought the present, a proper, occasion to bring the subject into your view, that, by the interposition of the Fœderal Legislature (to whose consideration you may be pleased to submit it) such regulations may be established, as will, in future, obviate all doubt and embarrassment, upon a constitutional

question, so delicate and important. I have the honor to be, with perfect respect, Sir, Your most obedient humble Servant

Thomas Mifflin


Title: To George Washington from George Clendinen, 19 July 1791
From: Clendinen, George
To: Washington, George

Sir
Indian Queen Philadelphia. July the 19th 1791

In May 1790, I Receiv’d Instructions from the Secretary of War (Copy of which I herewith enclosed) to raise a Certain Number of Scouts for the Safety of the Frontier pursuant to which I did Raise the number required and Subsisted them by Actual Disbursment out of my Own property, by the tenor of the Secretaries letter of Instructions I conceived that prompt payments wa⟨s⟩ to be made for the Services perform’d and Contingincies annaxed on proper Vouchers being produced Agreeably to which Instructions I Transmitted to (Genl Harmar) the documents Required and came to this place with the prospect of Receiving Compensation without Delay. On my application I found that the Accounts had not been Transmitted to this place by Genl Harmar, but having Retain’d the Originals of Said Accounts In my hands, I have presented them for payment, They have been passed upon by the Auditor of Army Accounts and Reported to the Secretary of War to Amount of 968 Dollars as by the Secretary’s letter herewith will appear, but by the Same letter It also appears that payment Cannot be made Until provision is made by Congress for that purpose⟨.⟩ This is a Demur which I did not expect; I have now been on this business a Considerable time, on heavy expences, and If I am Constrain’d to remain here until the meeting of Congress will amount to more than I am to Receive (I mean the amount of Supplies).
I have therefore to Solicit that you will Take the premises under your Consideration and Grant that payment be made me on the Accounts, or that the amount be advanc’d me, to be accounted for, The peculiar Situation I am in I conceive will Justify me for making this application, first from having disbursed out of my own property the whole of the Subsistance, secondly by having Gaurantee’d to the men their pay which they will demand of me Immediately On my Return home, Thirdly the Expences which must accrue on my Remaining here, or the fatigue of my going home and Returning.
In making this application to you, Sir I must beg permission to add that the Secretary of War by his conduct toward me in this Business merits my warmest thanks, I am Convinced that he would have Rendered this Application unnecessary had it

been in his power, or if the practice of his Department would have admitted it—why Genl Harmar has not Transmitted the papers to this place may be assigned a Variety of Causes, The dista⟨nce⟩ from the Capitol the miscariages which dispatches a⟨re⟩ Subject to, are not the least.
It may perhaps with Some propriety be added among the other appologies for this Applicatio⟨n⟩; The Extream anxiety and distress of Mind I feel as a husband and father, in being absent from my family at a period when Surrounded by Savages and depr⟨i⟩ved of my Company and protection when the most Require it; On this Subject I would be Silent but I feel it too much, Nor can I urge reasons for making this application to you without Adverting to this. I have the Honr to be with the Highest Respect and Esteem your Obt Hble Sevt

Geo. Clendinen

P.S. I hope The enclosed papers will be Return’d to me at the Indian Queen fourth Street.

G.C.


Title: From George Washington to William Gordon, 19 July 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Gordon, William

Dear Sir,
Philadelphia July 19th 1791

As it has ever been a rule with me to make my private concerns give way to my public duties, when both cannot be accomplished, I now find myself under the necessity, from the weight of public business, which is at this time much encreased by an absence of more than three months, [(]on a tour thro’ the southern States) of refraining to enter so fully into my private correspondencies as my inclination would lead me to do.
I am therefore only able to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 31. of January—and refer you to a letter which I wrote on the 9 of March on the subject of the subscriptions to your history, and which contained the accounts of the subscription and a bill of exchange of £29. 15/3. Sterling for the ballance of that account.
I now enclose the 3 bill of the set which accompanied your account, and shall only add my thanks for the prayers and good

wishes which you offer for my happiness, and assure you that I reciprocate them with very great sincerity. I am dear Sir, with much esteem, Your most obedient Servant

G. Washington


Title: From George Washington to Catharine Sawbridge Macaulay Graham, 19 July 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Graham, Catharine Sawbridge Macaulay

Madam,
Philadelphia, July 19. 1791.

At the same time that I acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the first of march with which I have been honored, let me request you to accept my thanks for your polite attention in sending me the pamphlet which accompanied it. The importance of the subject, which has called forth your production and numerous others, is so deeply interesting to mankind that every philanthropic mind, however far removed from the scene of action cannot but feel anxious to see its termination, and it must be the ardent wish of every good man that its event may encrease the happiness of the human race.
I often regret that my public duties do not allow me so much time as my inclination requires to attend to my private correspondencies, especially with you Madam—But I persuade myself your goodness will lead you to place the brevity of this letter to its proper account, particularly when I add that I am but just returned from a tour of near 2000 miles thro’ the southern States, to perform which took me more than 3 months. I shall only further add to it what I know must give you great pleasure, that the United States enjoy a scene of prosperity and tranquillity under the new government that could hardly have been hoped for under the old—and, that, while you, in Europe, are

troubled with war and rumours of war, every one here may sit under his own vine and none to molest or make him afraid. I have the honor to be &ca

G. Washington.


Title: From George Washington to David Humphreys, 20 July 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Humphreys, David

My dear Sir,
Philadelphia July, 20. 1791.

I have received your letters of the 16 of February and 3 of may, and am much obliged by your observations on the situation, manners, customs and dispositions of the Spanish nation—In this age of free enquiry and enlightened reason it is to be hoped that the condition of the people in every Country will be bettered and the happiness of mankind promoted. Spain appears to be so much behind the other Nations of Europe in liberal policy that a long time will undoubtedly elapse before the people of that kingdom can taste the sweets of liberty and enjoy the natural advantages of their Country.
In my last I mentioned my intention of visiting the southern States, which I have since accomplished, and have the pleasure to inform you, that I performed a journey of 1887 miles without meeting with any interruption by sickness, bad weather, or any untoward accident—Indeed so highly were we favored that we arrived at each place, where I proposed to make any halt, on the very day I fixed upon before we set out—The same horses performed the whole tour, and, altho’ much reduced in flesh, kept up their full spirits to the last day.
I am much pleased that I have taken this journey as it has enabled me to see with my own eyes the situation of the country thro’ which we travelled, and to learn more accurately the disposition of the people than I could have done by any information.
The country appears to be in a very improving state, and industry and frugality are becoming much more fashionable than they have hitherto been there—Tranquillity reigns among the

people, with that disposition towards the general government which is likely to preserve it—They begin to feel the good effects of equal laws and equal protection—The farmer finds a ready market for his produce, and the merchant calculates with more certainty on his payments—Manufacturers have as yet made but little progress in that part of the country, and it will probably be a long time before they are brought to that state to which they have already arrived in the middle and eastern parts of the Union.
Each days experience of the Government of the United States seems to confirm its establishment, and to render it more popular—A ready acquiescence in the laws made under it shews in a strong light the confidence which the people have in their representatives, and in the upright views of those who administer the government. At the time of passing a law imposing a duty on home made spirits, it was vehemently affirmed by many, that such a law could never be executed in the southern States, particularly in Virginia and North Carolina. As this law came in force only on the first of this month little can be said of its effects from experience; but from the best information I could get on my journey respecting its operation on the minds of the people (and I took some pains to obtain information on this point) there remains no doubt but it will be carried into effect not only without opposition, but with very general approbation in those very parts where it was foretold that it would never be submitted to by any One.
It is possible, however, and perhaps not improbable that some Demagogue may start up, and produce and get signed some resolutions declaratory of their disapprobation of the measure.
Our public credit stands on that ground which three years ago it would have been considered as a species of madness to have foretold. The astonishing rapidity with which the newly instituted Bank was filled gives an unexampled proof (here) of the resources of our Countrymen and their confidence in public measures.
On the first day of opening the subscription the whole number of shares (20,000) were taken up in one hour, and application made for upwards of 4000 shares more than were granted by the Institution, besides many others that were coming in from different quarters.

For some time past the western frontiers have been alarmed by depredations committed by some hostile tribes of Indians; but such measures are now in train as will, I presume, either bring them to sue for peace before a stroke is struck at them, or make them feel the effects of an enmity too sensibly to provoke it again unnecessarily, unless, as is much suspected, they are countenanced, abetted, and supported in their hostile views by the B——h. Tho’ I must confess I cannot see much prospect of living in tranquillity with them so long as a spirit of land jobbing prevails—and our frontier-Settlers entertain the opinion that there is not the same crime, (or indeed no crime at all) in killing an Indian as in killing a white man.
You have been informed of the spot fixed on for the seat of Government on the Potomac, and I am now happy to add that all matters between the Proprietors of the soil and the public are settled to the mutual satisfaction of the Parties, and that the business of laying out the city, the grounds for public buildings, walks &ca is progressing under the inspection of Major L’Enfant with pleasing prospects—Thus much for our american affairs—and I wish I could say as much in favor of circumstances in Europe—But our accounts from thence do not paint the situation of the Inhabitants in very pleasing colours. One part exhibits war and devastion—another preparations for war—a third commotions—a fourth direful apprehensions of commotions—and indeed there seems to be scarcely a nation enjoying uninterrupted, unapprehensive tranquillity.
The example of France will undoubtedly have its effects on other Kingdoms—Poland, by the public papers, appears to have made large and unexpected strides towards liberty, which, if true, reflects great honor on the present King, who seems to have been the principal promoter of the business. By the by I have never received any letter from Mr Littlepage, or from the King of Poland, which you say Mr Carmichael informed you were sent to me last summer.
I yesterday had Don Jaudennes, who was in this country with Mr Gardoqui, and is now come over in a public character, presented to me, for the first time, by Mr Jefferson. Colonel Ternant is expected here every day as Minister from France.
I am glad to learn that the air of Lisbon agrees so well with you—I sincerely hope you may long, very long enjoy the blessing

of health accompanied with such other blessings as may contribute to your happiness.
I have been in the enjoyment of very good health during my journey, and have rather gained flesh upon it.
Mrs Washington desires her best wishes may be presented to you—You are always assured of those of my dear Sir, Your sincere and affectionate friend

G. Washington.


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Lang, 20 July 1791
From: Lang, Thomas
To: Washington, George

  Philadelphia, 20 July 1791. Presents a copy of An Essay on Commerce and Luxury which he has published this day.


Title: To George Washington from Rodolph Valltravers, 21 July 1791
From: Valltravers, Johann Rodolph von (Vall-Travers)
To: Washington, George

Copy. No. 1 ⟨illegible⟩
May it please Yr Excellcy!
Sir!Roterdam, July 21. 91.
Humbly flattering myself with your safe & kind Reception of my Letter & Packet dated from Hamburg, the 15th of March, & conveyed by Captn Bell of Philadelphia, with Maps, & several Memoirs (No. 2.) collected for the Use of yr assiduous Surveyor & Geometer, John Churchman of Philadelphia; and, under Yr Excce’s Approbation, with my humble Offers of further Services from this Continent, in communicating & promoting as much useful Knowledge, as may still lay within the narrow Circle of my literary Connections with most of the learned and patriotic Societies in Europe, in Behalf of your several similar encouraging Institutions: I now beg Leave to transmit to Yr Exccy a Work of mine, composed in English, from dutch & german Materials, collected these 20. years, on the Spot, by Mr Eshelscrown, dutch & danish Residt in the East Indies; disclosing a succinct Account of the actual State of European Setlements throughout the East-Indies, and many material Circumstances and Mysteries of their Trade, both with the Natives and with Europe. This Branch of the mercantile Industry of the american States, wisely laid open to reciprocal Emulation, must reap signal advantages

from their situation, Frugality & Freedom in their Competition with all the monopolising, expensive, restrained and overwhelmed Companies with Debts, Militairies, & Taxes, established by the several maritime Powers in Europe. The dutch East India Company, tho’ the most oeconomical & industrious of all, groaning under an avowed Debt of near 100 Millions of Florins, is now sending Mr Nederborg, as their Plenipotentiary, to all their asiatic setlements; to investigate the Sources of their Decay, to correct abuses, and, on his Report, either to apply proper Remedies; or, if incurable, to suppress their Charter, and to lay that Trade as open, as they lately did that to the West Indies.
Thus circumstanced, and wishing to contribute my litle Mite to the Prosperity of the worthy american Assertors of their undoubted natural Rights and legal Liberties: I thought, a speedy Publication of an autentic, impartial Display of all the particulars of that extensive and intricate Commerce, as it now exists in all Parts, & in all its Branches, exhibited in N. america, under Yr Exccy’s Approbation, Patronage & Encouragement, might not be unwelcome to your sagacious Fellow-Citizens? In this Persuasion, I this Day deliver my Manuscript to Captn F. Folger, related to my late venerable Friend, Dr Bn Franklin, ready to sail to Baltimore, his native Country; desiring him, to present this small Tribute of my Zeal & sincere attachment to Yr Excellence’s previous Inspection & subseqt Disposal.
Shou’d Yr Exccy kindly complying with my humble Offers of the 15th of March, by Captn Bell, be pleased to honor me with yr Commands, and Instructions, and appoint me, in any official Caracter, as Agent, Consul, or Resident, with the necessary usual Support: it wou’d be the Heigth of my Ambition, to answer the Trust to the Satisfaction of my Superiors, and to the utmost Emolument of your illustrious confederate States; that great Pattern of a well constituted, wisely combined, truly free and happy Commonwealth. I am, with unfeigned Admiration, most respectfully Sir! Your Excellency’s most sincerily devoted humble Servant

I. Rodolf Valltravers.


Title: From George Washington to the Commissioners for the Federal District, 24 July 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Commissioners for the Federal District

Gentlemen,
Philadelphia July 24th 1791.

I have received from Mr Peter the inclosed letter proposing the erection of Warves at the New City, between Rock Creek and Hamburg. My answer to him is, that the proposition is worthy of consideration, and that the transaction of whatever may concern the public at that place in future being now turned over to you, I have inclosed the letter to you to do thereon whatever you may think best, referring him at the same time to you for an Answer.
The consequences of such Wharves as are suggested by Mr Peter will no doubt, claim your first attention—next, if they are deemed a desireable undertaking, the means by which the work can be effected with certainty and dispatch—and lastly, the true and equitable proportion which ought to be paid by Mr Peters towards the erection of them. I am, Gentlemen, with perfect consideration Your most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Jefferson, 27 July 1791
From: Jefferson, Thomas
To: Washington, George

[Philadelphia] July 27. 1791.

Th: Jefferson has the honour to inclose to the President his letter to G. Morris, to which he will add any thing the President pleases by way of Postscript or by incorporating it into the letter. a ship sailing from hence for Havre on Monday Th: J. proposes to send his letters for France by that rather than by the French packet.


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Jefferson, 28 July 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Jefferson, Thomas

Dear Sir,
[Philadelphia] Thursday Afternoon, 28th July [1791]

I have just given the enclosed Letters an acknowledgment, & was about to file them; but not recollecting whether I had ever shewn them to you, or not—I now, as they contain information, & opinions on Men & things, hand them to you for your perusal. By comparing them with others, & the predictions at the times they were written with the events which have happened, you will be able to judge of the usefulness of such communications from the person communicating them. I am Yrs sincerely

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Lafayette, 28 July 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de

Philadelphia, July 28. 1791.

I have, my dear Sir, to acknowledge the receipt of your favors of the 7 of March and 3 of May, and to thank you for the communications which they contain relative to your public affairs. I assure you I have often contemplated, with great anxiety, the danger to which you are personally exposed by your peculiar and delicate situation in the tumult of the times, and your letters are far from quieting that friendly concern. But to one, who engages in hazardous enterprises for the good of his country, and who is guided by pure and upright views, (as I am sure is the case with you) life is but a secondary consideration.

To a philanthropic mind the happiness of 24 millions of people cannot be indifferent—and by an American, whose country in the hour of distress received such liberal aid from the french, the disorders and incertitude of that Nation are to be peculiarly lamented—we must, however, place a confidence in that Providence who rules great events, trusting that out of confusion he will produce order, and notwithstanding the dark clouds which may threaten at present, that right will ultimately be established.
The tumultous populace of large cities are ever to be dreaded—Their indiscriminate violence prostrates for the time all public authority—and its consequences are sometimes extensive and terrible—In Paris we may suppose these tumults are peculiarly disastrous at this time, when the public mind is in a ferment, and when (as is always the case on such occasions) there are not wanting wicked and designing men, whose element is confusion, and who will not hesitate in destroying the public tranquillity to gain a favorite point—But until your Constitution is fixed—your government organised—and your representative Body renovated—much tranquillity cannot be expected—for, until these things are done, those who are unfriendly to the revolution, will not quit the hope of bringing matters back to their former state.
The decrees of the National Assembly respecting our tobacco and oil do not appear to be very pleasing to the people of this country; but I do not presume that any hasty measures will be adopted in consequence thereof; for we have never entertained a doubt of the friendly disposition of the french Nation towards us, and are therefore persuaded that if they have done any thing which seems to bear hard upon us, at a time when the Assembly must have been occupied in very important matters, and which perhaps could not allow time for a due consideration of the subject, they will, in the moment of calm deliberation, alter it, and do what is right.
I readily perceive, my dear Sir, the critical situation in which you stand—and never can you have greater occasion to shew your prudence, judgment, and magnanimity.
On the 6 of this month I returned from a tour through the southern States, which had employed me for more than three months—In the course of this journey I have been highly gratified

in observing the flourishing state of the Country, and the good dispositions of the people—Industry and economy have become very fashionable in those parts, which were formerly noted for the opposite qualities, and the labours of man are assisted by the blessings of Providence—The attachment of all Classes of citizens to the general Government seems to be a pleasing presage of their future happiness and respectability.
The complete establishment of our public credit is a strong mark of the confidence of the people in the virtue of their Representatives, and the wisdom of their measures—and, while in Europe, wars or commotions seem to agitate almost every nation, peace and tranquillity prevail among us, except on some parts of our western frontiers where the Indians have been troublesome, to reclaim or chastise whom proper measures are now pursuing—This contrast between the situation of the people of the United States, and those of Europe is too striking to be passed over even by the most superficial observer, and may, I believe, be considered as one great cause of leading the people here to reflect more attentively on their own prosperous state, and to examine more minutely, and consequently approve more fully of the government under which they live, than they otherwise would have done. But we do not wish to be the only people who may taste the sweets of an equal and good government—we look with an anxious eye for the time when happiness and tranquillity shall prevail in your country—and when all Europe shall be freed from commotions, tumults, and alarms.
Your friends in this country often express their great attachment to you by their anxiety for your safety.
Knox, Jay, Hamilton, Jefferson remember you with affection—but none with more sincerity and true attachment than, My dear Sir, Your affectionate

G. Washington.


Title: From George Washington to Gouverneur Morris, 28 July 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Morris, Gouverneur

Dear Sir,
Philadelphia July 28th 1791.

I have now before me your favors of the 22d of November—the 1st & 24th of December 1790—and of the 9th of March 1791.
The Plateaux which you had the goodness to procure for me, arrived safe; and the account of them has been settled, as you desired, with Mr R: Morris. For this additional mark of attention to my wishes, I pray you to accept my thanks.
The communications in your several letters, relative to the state of Affairs in Europe, are very gratefully received; and I should be glad if it was in my power to reply to them more in the detail than I am able to do. But my public duties, which are at all times sufficiently numerous, being now much accumulated by an absence of more than three months from the Seat of Government, make the present a very busy moment for me.
The change of systems, which have so long prevailed in Europe, will, undoubtedly, affect us in a degree proportioned to our political or commercial connexions with the several nations of it. But I trust we shall never so far lose sight of our own Interest & happiness as to become, unnecessarily, a party in their political disputes. Our local situation enables us to maintain that state with respect to them, which otherwise, could not, perhaps, be preserved by human wisdom. The present moment seems pregnant with great events; but, as you observe, it is beyond the ken of mortal foresight, to determine what will be the result of those changes which are either making, or contemplated in the general system of Europe. Although as fellow-men we sincerely lament the disorders, oppressions & incertitude which frequently attend national events; and which our European brethren must feel; yet we cannot but hope, that it will terminate very much in favor of the Rights of Man. And, that a change there, will be favorable to this Country, I have no doubt. For under the

former system we were seen either in the distresses of War, or viewed after the peace in a most unfavorable light through the medium of our distracted State. In neither point could we appear of much consequence among nations. And should affairs continue in Europe in the same state they were when these impressions respecting us were received, it would not be an easy matter to remove the prejudices imbibed against us. A change of system will open a new view of things—& we shall then burst upon them as it were with redoubled advantages.
Should we, under the present state of Affairs, form connexions, other than we now have, with any European Powers, much must be considered in effecting them, on the score of our increasing importance as a Nation; and at the sametime, should a treaty be formed with a nation whose circumstances may not at that moment be very bright, much delicacy wd be necessary in order to shew that no undue advantages were taken on that account. For unless treaties are mutually beneficial to the parties, it is vain to hope for a continuance of them beyond the moment when the one which conceives itself over reached is in a situation to break off the connexion. And I believe it is among nations as with individuals—the party taking advantage of the distresses of another will lose infinitely more in the opinion of mankind, & in subsequent events, than he will gain by the stroke of the moment.
In my late tour through the Southern States, I experienced great satisfaction in seeing the good effects of the general Government in that part of the Union. The people at large have felt the security which it gives, and the equal justice which it administers to them. The Farmer—the Merchant—and the Mechanic have seen their several Interests attended to, and from thence they unite in placing a confidence in their representatives, as well as in those in whose hands the Execution of the Laws is placed. Industry has there taken place of idleness, and œconomy of dissipation. Two or three years of good crops, and a ready market for the produce of their lands has put every one in good humour; and, in some instances they even impute to the Government what is due only to the goodness of Providence.
The establishment of public credit, is an immense point gained in our national concerns. This, I believe, exceeds the expectation of the most sanguine among us. and a late instance,

unparalleled in this Country, has been given of the confidence reposed in our measures, by the rapidity with which the subscriptions to the Bank of the United States were filled. In two hours after the Books were opened by the Commissioners the whole number of shares were taken up, & four thousand more applied for than were allowed by the Institution; besides a number of Subscriptions which were coming on. This circumstance was not only pleasing as it related to the confidence in Government; but as it exhibited an unexpected proof of the resources of our Citizens.
In one of my letters to you, the account of the number of Inhabitants which would probably be found in the U. States on enumeration—was too large. The estimate was then founded on the ideas held out by the Gentlemen in Congress of the population of the several States—each of whom (as was very natural) looking through a magnifier would speak of the greatest extent to which there was any probability of their numbers reaching. Returns of the Census have already been made from several of the States, and tolerably just estimate has been formed (now) in others; by which it appears that we shall hardly reach four millions; but this you are to take along with it, that the real number will greatly exceed the official return; because, from religeous scruples, some would not give in their lists; from an apprehension that it was intended as the foundation of a tax, others concealed or diminished theirs; and from the indolence of the mass, & want of activity in many of the deputy Enumerators, numbers are omitted. The authenticated number will, however, be far greater I believe, than has ever been allowed in Europe; and will have no small influence in enabling them to form a more just opinion of our present growing importance than has yet been entertained there.
This letter goes with one from the Secretary of State, to which I must refer you for what respects your public transactions, and I shall only add to it the repeated assurances of regard and affection with which I am Dear Sir, Your Obedt & Obliged

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Humbert Droz, 29 July 1791
From: Droz, Humbert
To: Washington, George

Monsieur;
No. 93 south front streetPhiladelphie Le 29 Juillet 1791

L’amour des arts m’a fait quitter la Suisse ma Patrie J’ai exercé 25 ans à Paris sous les plus brillans artistes, je puis dire avec succés, celui de L’horlogerie.
Ayant toujours vecu jour le jour, l’emigration des Contrerevolutionaires, et le plaisir Cruel que se font Les ¾ des grands, Je veux dire des Gens riches, de ne rien faire m’ont fait penser à un autre pays; l’Abbé Reinal le Cultivateur ameriquin m’ont decidé pour Celui ci.
J’ai laissé ma femme et mon fils Jusqu’a ce que je Sache en m’etablissant ici, si j’y trouverai une existence plus assurée à la fin de mes jours, qu’en france, alors je les ferai venir, sinon, J’irai Les rejoindre.
Je Croirois ne pas faire l’usage que je dois faire de mes talents si je ne Les offrois particulierement, à l’homme, que tout le monde envisage Comme le plus meritant des 13 Etats unis Q’il m’honore de sa Confience, et je jure foi de suisse qu’il ne sera pas trompé.
Voici 8 ans que je n’ai eté occupé qu’a mettre l’harmonie, dans les ouvrages les plus Compliqués, montres à masses, repetant Les minutes, à Equation ayant toutes Sortes de quantiemes Echapements à vibrations libres &ca qui s’executoient Chez Mr Breguet, premier artiste de Paris et je Crois du monde Entier.
desorte que la plus mauvaise montre, si on veut faire le sacrifice de me payer mon travail, je la mettrai dans le Cas de servir Comme une bonne, en donner mon billet de garentie pour 10 ans; et si on peut prouver au bout d’un an—qu’elle a mal eté, sans qu’on l’ait laissé tomber ou d’autres accidents, Je m’engage à rendre L’argent reçu pour Cela.
bien entendu qu’il faut renouveler Les huilles tout les 3 ans dans Les montres plates ou à repos, et tout Les 7 dans les hautes à roue de rencontres.
Attendant Vos Ordres Je Suis trés Respectueusement Monsieur Votre trés humble Et obeissant Serviteur

A Lis Humbert Droz


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 29 July 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Treasury Department [Philadelphia] July 29th 1791

The Secretary of the Treasury has the honor respectfully to submit to the President of the United States, a contract made by the Collector of the District of Washington in North Carolina, for the stakage of all the shoals & channels of that State to the Northward of the District of Wilmington, which have been heretofore thus designated. The former stakes having generally fallen to decay, or being washed away for want of attention, the expence will be necessarily greater in the re establishment than it probably will be in the future preservation of the stakeage now intended to be executed. It is stated by the collector that the contracts for the renewal of the stakes on these waters shortly after the late war, was made at the rate of 250 Dollars pr annum, & that tho’ the expiration of so considerable a part of the current year had given rise to an expectation that he should be able to contract for less money, yet he found it impracticable to provide for the execution of the business on more favourable terms. Tho’ there does not appear to be any thing particularly advantageous in this agreement, the Secretary begs leave to suggest an idea that the interests of the United States may be more advanced by the immediate accommodation to the navigation,

than it might be, by an uncertain experiment of forming a more reasonable contract. All which is humbly submitted

Alexander HamiltonSey of the Treasury.


Title: To George Washington from Alexander Hamilton, 29 July 1791
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

Treasury Department [Philadelphia] July 29th 1791.

The Secretary of the Treasury having had the honor to lay before the President of the United States, the correspondence of Mr Short respecting the loans made, & to be made, pursuant to the several Acts of Congress for that purpose; begs leave to note particularly for his consideration two circumstances which appear in that correspondence.
First, that there are moments when large sums may be borrowed in Holland with more facility & advantage than small sums at other times.
Secondly, that there is some prospect of opening loans with success in other Countries than the United Netherlands.
These circumstances appearing, the Secretary respectfully requests the consideration & instruction of the President of the United States; whether it may not be expedient to remove the present restrictions upon Mr Short, so as to enable him to embrace favourable moments, and open at his discretion, loans at such times & places and for such sums, as he may find adviseable, within the limitations of the respective laws authorising the Loans. which is respectfully submitted by

Alexander HamiltonSecy of the Treasury.


Title: From George Washington to Charles Carroll (of Carrollton), 31 July 1791
From: Washington, George
To: Carroll, Charles (of Carrollton)

Dear Sir,
Philadelphia, July 31. 1791.

Your favor of the 16 only got to my hands on friday last—Not having my private papers at this place, to refer to, I can say nothing with precision as to the sum, or sums which is due from me on account of my purchase of Clifton’s land—It is highly probable, however, that the information given to you by your Attorney is right—Be the amount, however, what it may, I shall be ready at any moment, to pay the same in cash at this place, or in post notes at Baltimore, or Alexandria, as you shall direct.
But you will please to recollect, my dear Sir, that there is a prerequisite to this payment, which was the original cause, why the money was not paid at the time of the sale—I mean a release of the mortgage, or some conveyance by which the Purchaser should be assured of the legal, or a secure title to the land.
The particulars relative to this transaction are a little out of my recollection at present—but in substance I believe they stand thus—That the land belonging to Clifton, now held by me, was mortgaged as security to—among others—Mr Ignatius Digges who, in this case, acted under, or would take no step without applying to, Mr Carroll, your father; and was the only one of several Mortgagees who refused to quit claim of the land—by which means my legal title to it is yet incomplete.
By to-morrow’s post I will write home for these papers; and, as I have observed before, as soon as the impediment is removed, or I am in any manner made secure, the money shall be paid in either of the ways before mentioned; for it cannot be more your wish than it is my desire to bring the matter to a close. With much esteem and regard, I am dear Sir, Your most obedient humble Servant

G. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Marinus Willett, 31 July 1791
From: Willett, Marinus
To: Washington, George

Sir,
New York 31st July 1791

By General Knox I had the honor of being advised that your Excellency was disposed to confer on me the appointment of Marshal for this District If I so inclined. This measure I suppose to have proceeded from my former application for that office and my subsequent wish to have some appointment in the General Government.
I beg leave to return my most sincere thanks for your Intention to serve me, But as from the best Information I was able to Collect the short time General Knox was here it appeared that my famaly could receive little or no support from the office and as my situation is such as to require that whatever business I pursue must assist in the support of my famaly, and having received encouragement to think That as by the Constitution of this state a new Sheriff for this County must be appointed the 29th day of September next I should have that office confered on me I became considerably embarrased; Whilst on the one hand a wish to be in the service of the General Government seemed to preponderate, The calls of my famaly Increased by a very aged Parent and an elderly maiden sister whose Intire

dependance are on me led me to conclude it best to look to that appointment which promised most towards their support.
My desire of having some appointment under the Union still remains, and if I could have any office there that would promise a very reasonable support it should have by far the preference of the appointment I expect to receive from this state.
I feel Sir, a most gratefull sence of the honor Intended me by your Excellency—I am very sure that in all your appointments you are governed by the best of motives, and that as I once had the honor of hearing you express yourself, You carefully avoid, “Errors of the heart”.
I am very sure Sir, You will pardon notwithstanding your most justly exalted situation whatever in this may look like Intrusion—Your knowledge of me for fourteen years past will help you to believe even before I speak that no man has served the public with more diligence and Integrity then I have—The early Impressions my mind received in favour of Liberty Joined to an enthusiastic love of my Country produced habits of the strictest attention to her service during the revolution—Many served the public with more brilliancy and greater abilities—But for attention diligence and exertions not altogether unsuccessfull I give way to none—The political motto of “Sining beyond forgivness” was a favorite of mine—I regularly viewed the worst situation I could possibly be plased in without concern, And in case of a general failure in the Opposition I ever felt a raidiness to embrase wretchedness in its most distressing forms. Forgive me Sir, whilst I declare that this led me, (perhaps vainly led me) to suppose that in case of success I might expect to rise in proportion with the common cause.
Under this impression it was that I first applied for the offise of a Marshal, An office which from the universal acceptation I had found in the exercise of a four years Sheriffilty I promised myself I bid fair to receive. Having failed in this and being once more called to execute a Commission from Your Excellency, The same ardor that had hitherto governed my public actions induce me to execute it. The efforts I made on that occasion were succesfull eaqual to my most sanguin hopes, And one very Pleasing effect was the particular approbation I received from you, and an Intimation through General Knox of your readiness when opportunity should offer of affording me servise—Incouraged

by this Intimation on hearing of the Creation of an offise which promised a decent support under the belief that the public would be as well served by me as by any other man I was induced to make an application—However great in favour of myself my prejudise may be, I am convinced that the purest motives directed your appointment; And in this perswasion notwithstanding the greatness of my disapointment, I am satisfied.
Yet Sir, Lest from some misinformation respecting my circumstances I might have been prejudised. I beg leave to assure you that altho I have always been in the habit of exercising strict oconomy, and tho I have never been accostomed to eat the bread of Idleness, I am at the age of fifty years called on to be very circumspect least in the decline of life I should experience difficulties to which hitherto I have been a stranger.
My duty to myself and my duty to my famaly and others whose dependance are on me have urged me therefore to intrude on your patience—To receive some appointment under the Union to assist me with those whom providence has Plased under my charge to go comfortably and decently through life is still the great wish of my heart.
It is not an avidity for gain tha⟨t⟩ spurs me on to this wish—I feel Sir a Constant desire to be employed by the public, Yet in that employment my circumstances require a compensation—And while I frankly confess that from reflections on the hazards & difficulties I have passed I feel a kind of Conscious merit in having performed an upright part thus far. I feel likewis⟨e⟩ an Assurance that any public trust commited to my care in future will not suffer Injury.
Your Soul I am sure is too good, And your heart sufficiently Attached to old servants of the public to think it an unreasonable thing in them to wish that their latter days may not be worse then their begining.
The Offise of Sheriff for this County which I am led to believe I may receive in September next will be fully eaqual to every thing I could desire for the four years it may endure—But at the expiration of that time it must pass from and leave me where it has once already done; For this among other Causes I should prefer an apointment under the General Government which provoided it is perminant I would make choise of tho it may not be half as lucrative.

After being thus particular, I beg to plase myself before you, And to assure you that such is my Confidence in your Superiour tallents at doing right, And such my veneration for you—That if your Excellency should think fit to name me to any office whatever, I will with Pleasure receive it—If therfore the thing proposed to me through General Knox (which in my embarrasment I was Indused to decline) should not be disposed of and it is still your inclination to confer it on me it shall be thankfully received as a Pledge of your regarde and the most pointed care taken to guard against its receiving Injury under my charge. With the most profound veneration and respect I have the honor to be Sir, Your most Obedient and very humble Servt

Marinus Willett


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Hill Airey, 1 August 1791
From: Airey, Thomas Hill
To: Washington, George

Honour’d Sir.
Maryland Dorchester County Near CambridgeAugust 1st 1791.

Please to permit a person at the distance of near two Hundred miles from your Excellencies temporary place of residence, and unknown to your Excellency, to intrude on your precious moments while I attempt to impart a matter, that may appear of some importance, & at the same time a mistiry that has evaded the deepest reserches of the Learned, in expounding the Prophetick writings. it is contained in the 7th Chapr of Daniels Prophecy, and expounded by the Prophet that succeeded him while the Jews were in captivity in Babilon. In one of the preceeding chapters, the King of Babilon has an Image presented him in Sleep, composed of several kinds of metal and part of Clay, which alarm’d the King, and caused him to have all his wise men assembled to make known to the King his dream; and

the interpretation thereof. but none were able to make it known, till Daniel came before the King, and made known the full exposition of the dream; and shewed the King the fall of his own great Empire, and that there would be three other, great Empires that would succeed his, and that the rise of the one would be the downfall of the preceeding one, and that the fourth would likewise have an end by the Stone cut out of the mountain that would overturn all those Kingdoms and stand for ever. In the 8th Chapter Daniel has a full interpretation of the Image that had appeared to the King, conveyed to him in the similitude of Beasts; the Ram with two horns denoting the Meeds and Percians, and the Hee Goat the Grecian Kingdom and it’s division into four Kingdoms after the death of Alexander, which Kingdoms was to be subdued by the Roman Empire.
As God has almost invariably used Similitude to convey the knowledge of his great and divine Misteries of futurity to the Prophets, and through them to the rulers and people in past ages. So God has been pleased, to make known, to his Ancient Prophets, the great events that was to be fulfilled in our day, by the same method of similitude; and has been pleased to give so plain an Interpretation of the similitude of the Eagle, to the American Standard; that there is shewn in the device, the number of Kings that are to succeed each other, the defections that will arise, and the causes of them, the number of Petty Kings that will arise and overturn the union, the devision of America into three Kingdoms, the conflicts that will arise during their continuance, and at last the final disolution of America. There are but two instances prior to this recorded in the Sacred Pages where the Great Supreme Ruler of the universe has Honour’d his Vicegerents on earth, with the foreknowledge of what would befall the People he had placed under their care.
And the third Instance, is an honour reserv’d for your Excellency, for the faithfull discharge of the Great and important trust reposed in you, in being the happy instrument, under God, of delivering so extensive a Continent, with it’s numerous inhabitants from under the yoke and tiranny of Brittish Bondage.
Shou’d your Excellency condicend to think the foregoing relation, of that importance, as to merit your attention; so as to wish a full investigation of all the Proofs, necessary to gain your Excellencies belief of what I have related; the honour of a line

from you, appointing the place where to attend, wou’d chearfully be obey’d. There is but one thing more and will ceas to intrude on your Excellencies patience, and that is, as the mistery to be made known is of that nature to be out of the reach of common observers, being dictated by the Sperit and gift of Prophecy, and we live at a time when Infidelity and Satire prevale much in our Land; wou’d wish to be as private in imparting it to your Excellency, as I can not so much on my own account as my connections, should it be known that I attempted to impart to your Excellency a matter that appears so far above the reach of their and others comprehention. Permit me the honour to subscribe myself, with the greatest esteam, your Excellencies Most devoted & most Obedient Humbl. Servt

Thos: Hill Airey


Title: To George Washington from Winthrop Sargent, 1 August 1791
From: Sargent, Winthrop
To: Washington, George

Sir
Fort Washington County of Hamilton and Territory of the U. States North west of the River OhioAugust 1st 1791

I enclose to your Excellency a Copy from the Records of the Proceedings of the governour of the Western Territory in the Executive Department of Government for the Month of July

1791—To delay it until my next periodical communications, which must include the whole of the present year would be (most probably) detaining it beyond the next Sessions of Congress, when some Questions and Applications upon the Subject of Lands in this Country may make a Reference thereto, proper and necessary—with every Sentiment of most perfect Respect I have the honour to be Your Excellency’s obedient Humble Servt

Winthrop Sargent