Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General James Wadsworth, 27 June 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Wadsworth, James

Sir
New York June 27. 1776

Having received information of your being appointed to Command the Militia to be furnished by your Colony for the defence of this place, I entreat you to give notice to the Officers who are principally concerned in raising them that their march be expedited as much as possible, or the assistance they are meant to afford may come too late, as in all probability the Enemy immediately on their arrival will make their grand push, especially if they are apprized of our weak state—It will be indispensably necessary for the men to come provided with

Arms, as It will not be in my power to furnish them with one, having many here already unarmed—Nor will It contribute to the service in the least degree, If they do not; I therefore request the utmost attention to this matter of the last importance, and that none come without.
As It will be proper that an Arrangement should be formed and regular Orders given as to their disposition, previous to their coming, to prevent disorder & confusion, I desire as soon as you have notified your princip[a]l Officers of what I have said about forwardg the Troops & bring⟨g⟩ Arms, that you repair here yourself to receive your Instructions & to be in readiness to give such directions to them as may be necessary for these purposes. I am &c.

G.W.


Title: From George Washington to Nathaniel Woodhull, 27 June 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Woodhull, Nathaniel

⟨Sir.⟩
Head Quarters New York. June 27. 1776

⟨The Necessity of the most vigorous⟩ & decisive Measures in our present Cir⟨cumstances⟩ will I doubt not justify to your Honourable ⟨Body⟩ the Removal of the Stock of Cattle & Horses from ⟨those⟩ Parts of the Coast most exposed to the Enemy. ⟨After⟩ a long & fatiguing Voyage they will need Ref⟨reshment⟩ of this Nature & there is no Doubt they will ⟨have⟩ them if possible on any Terms. Common Pruden⟨ce⟩ therefore & a Regard to our own Safety strongly e⟨vince⟩ the Necessity of depriving them of such Supplies as will enable them to act with more Vigour & Spirit against us. Tho’ painful & disagreeable, it seems to be a Measure which the great Law of Self Preservation now requires. Inclosed I transmit the unanimous Resolution of a Council of General Officers advising such Removal without Delay, in which it is proposed to pay a suitable Regard to the Necessities of the People. I flatt⟨er myself that in a matter of such Importance and Difficulty The Honble Body over wh[ich]

you preside w⟩ill approve of ⟨the proposal & carry it⟩ into Execution or cooperate with me in ⟨the most⟩ effectual Steps for this Purpose. I hav⟨e the⟩ Honour to be with the greatest Respect & Regard Sir Your Obed. Hbble Serv.

Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 28 June 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, June 28th 1776.
Parole KendalCountersign Lebanon.

The unhappy Fate of Thomas Hickey, executed this day for Mutiny, Sedetion and Treachery; the General hopes will be a warning to every Soldier, in the Army, to avoid those crimes, and all others, so disgraceful to the character of a Soldier, and pernicious to his country, whose pay he receives and Bread he eats—And in order to avoid those Crimes the most certain method is to keep out of the temptation of them, and particularly to avoid lewd Women, who, by the dying Confession of this poor Criminal, first led him into practices which ended in an untimely and ignominious Death.
Officers are without delay to inspect the state of the Ammunition which the men have and get their Arms in good order for service and strongly to inculcate upon all Sentries especially on night duty the greatest vigilance and attention—The Soldiers

on their part to be very attentive, and obedient to these orders, as a carelessness and neglect may be of the most fatal consequence.
No Persons to be permitted to inspect the works without leave in writing.
The General requests the Colonels of the several Regiments, not to depend wholly upon their Officers, in complying with the above order, respecting the arms and ammunition of the soldiers, but to pay particular attention to the matter themselves it being at this Juncture of the greatest importance.
After Orders. It is not from any distrust of the vigilance, or spirit of the inferior officers, (as he has the greatest confidence in them) that the General recommends to the Colonels, an attention to the arms and ammunition of their respective regiments, but that every officer from the highest to the lowest, when the hour of attack seems fast approaching, may exert himself in this necessary duty and it is particularly recommended from the Brigadier Generals to the Ensigns to give it the utmost attention.


Title: Council of War, 28 June 1776
From: Council of War
To:

[New York, 28 June 1776]

At a Conference of the General Officers of the Army & a Committee from the Honble Provincial Congress of New York. at Head Quarters June 28th 1776.
The Committee attending in consequence of a request from the General to the Congress, that the Stock of Cattle and Sheep

should be removed from Long Island and Staten Island to prevent their falling into the hands of the Enemy. After much consideration, it was unanimously agreed.
That all the Cattle Horses and Sheep on Staten Island (except such as those hereafter mentioned) be removed with all expedition. But as some Milch Cows and Horses are indispensably necessary for the Subsistence of the Inhabitants, it was agreed that 200 Horses be left for the use of the Inhabitants, no one person keeping more than two, that Milch Cows be kept in the following proportions and not to be exceeded Vizt 3 for a large family, 2 for a midling family and one to a small family. No person to be permitted now to keep a Cow, who has not done so for two months past. It was also farther agreed, that in case the Enemy should make a descent on said Island, with an intention to seize the Cattle or Stock, in that case they be destroyed & the owners compensated by the Public.
With respect to the Cattle &ca on Long Island, it was agreed that those in Queen’s and King’s County, should be drove to the bushy Plains, beyond the Ridge which runs from Hempstead Plains along the North side of Jamaica and so on towards New York Ferry (Milch Cows and Horses excepted as above) and in all other respects the same regulations in case of a descent by the Enemy, and the same compensation to be made.


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 28 June 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
New York June 28th 1776

In compliance with the request of Congress contained in your favor of the 25 Instant and my promise of Yesterday, I do myself the honor to inform you that the Cost of a Ration according to the Commissary General’s estimate from the 1st of July to the 1st of December will be from 8d. to 8½ York Currency.
Having discharged the Obligation I was under in this Instance and finding that many applications have been made for

victualling the Flying Camp, I would with all possible deference wish Congress to consider the matter well before they come to any determination upon It. Who the Gentlemen are that have made offers upon this occasion I know not, consequently my Objections to their appointment cannot proceed from personal dislike, nor have I It in view to serve Mr Trumbull the Commissary General by wishing him to have the direction of the whole supplies for his emolument, because whatever rations are taken from him, save him the trouble of supplying Provisions to the amount, without diminishing his pay, that being fixed and certain; But what Influences me, is a regard to the Public good. I am morally certain if the Business is taken out of Mr Trumbulls hands and put into anothers, that It may, and will in all probability be attended with great and many Inconveniences. It is likely, during the continuance of the War between us and Great Britain, that the Army here or part of It, and the Troops composing the Flying Camp will be frequently Joined and under the necessity of affording each other mutual aid. If this event is probable, and most certainly It is, the same confusion and disorder will result from having two Commissaries or One Commissary & one Contra[c]tor in the same Army—in the same department as did between Mr Trumbull and Mr Livingston on the coming of the former to New-York. I cannot discriminate the two cases, and not foreseeing that any good consequences will flow from the measure, but that many bad ones will, such as clashing of Interests—a contention for Stores, Carriages & many other causes that might be mentioned If hurry of Business would permit, I confess I cannot perceive the propriety of appointing a different person or any but the Commissary. I would also add, that few Armies, if any, have been better supplied than the Troops under Mr Trumbulls care in this instance which I should suppose ought to have considerable weight, especially as we have strong reasons to beleive that a large share of the misfortunes our Arms have sustained in Canada, sprang from a want of proper and necessary supplies of provisions. Mr Trumbull too I am informed, has already made provision in New Jersey for the Flying Camp which will be stationed there and employed proper persons in that Colony to transact the business Incident to his department, in obedience to my orders & his full confidence that It was to come under his management. My great desire to

see the Affairs of this important post on which so much depends, go on in an easy, smooth and uninterrupted course has led me to say thus much upon the subject, and will I hope, if I am unhappy enough to differ in opinion with Congress plead my excuse for the liberty I have taken.
I would also beg leave to mention to Congress the necessity there is of some New regulations being entered into, respecting the Chaplains of this Army. they will remember that applications were made to increase their pay which was conceived too low for their support, & that It was proposed, If It could not be done for the whole, that the number should be lessened, and one be appointed to Two Regiments with an additional allowance. This latter expedient was adopted and while the Army continued altogether at one encampment answered well, or at least did not produce many Inconveniences; But the Army now being differently circumstanced from what It then was, part here, part at Boston and a third part detached to Canada, has Induced much confusion and disorder in this Instance; nor do I know how It is possible to remedy the evil but by affixing one to each Regiment with Salaries competent to their support. no shifting, no change from one Regiment to another can answer the purpose, and in many cases It could never be done, Tho the Regiments should consent; as where detac⟨hments⟩ are composed of unequal numbers or ordered from different posts. many more Inconveniences might be pointed out, but these It is p⟨re⟩sumed will sufficiently shew the defect of the present establishment, and the propriety of an alterat⟨ion⟩—what that alteration shall be, Congress will please to determine.
Congress I doubt not will have heard of the plot that was forming among many disaffected persons in this City and Government; for aiding the King’s Troops upon their arrival. no regular plan seems to have been digested but several persons have been Inlisted and sworn to Join them—The matter I am in hopes by a timely discovery will be suppressed and put a stop to—Many Citizens & others, among whom is the Mayor, are now in confinement—the matter has been traced up to Governor Tryon & the Mayor appears to have been a principal agent or go between him and the persons concerned in It—The plot had been communicated to some of the Army, and part of my Guard engaged in It—Thomas Hicky one of them, has been tried and

by the unanimous opinion of a Court Martial is sentenced to die, having Inlisted himself and engaged others—the Sentence by the advice of the whole Council of Genl Officers will be put in execution to day at Eleven OClock—the others are not tried—I am hopefull this example will produce many salutary consequences and deter others from entering into the like traiterous practices. The Inclosed Copy of a Resolve of the Provincial Congress will shew that some of the disaffected on Long Island have taken up Arms—I have agreable to their request sent a party after them, but have not as yet been able to apprehend them, having concealed themselves in difficult woods & morasses.
General Gates set out on Tuesday with a fine wind, which has been fair ever since and would soon arrive at Albany.
I this moment received a Letter from Lt Davison of the Schuyler Armed Sloop, a Copy of which I have inclosed and to which I beg leave to refer you, for the Intelligence communicated by him. I could wish Genl Howe & his Armament not to arrive yet, as not more than a Thousand militia have yet come in, and our whole force Including the Troops at all the detached posts, & on board the Armed vessels, which are comprehended in our Returns, is but small and inconsiderable when compared with the extensive lines they are to defend and most probably the Army that he brings. I have no further Intelligence about them than what the Lieutt mentions but It is extremely probable his Accounts & conjectures are true. I have the honor to be with Sentiments of Great esteem Sir Your Most Obed. Servt

Go: Washington

P.S. I have Inclosed a Genl Return—& It may be certainly depended on that Genl Howe & fleet have sailed from Hallifax—Some of the men on board the prizes mentd in the Lts Letter were on board the Grey Hound & Saw Genl Howe.


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Livingston, 28 June 1776
From: Livingston, William
To: Washington, George

May it Please your Excellency
Elizabeth Town [N.J.] 28th June 1776

Since writing to Coll Reed & on considering what Number of the Militia of this Province to call forth in pursuance of your Excellencys Directions. I find myself greatly embarrassed with respect to the Point on which the direction appears to depend—This seems to be suspended, upon my Opinion of the Certainty of a considerable Body of Troops under the present Establishment being to be had within a few days—Respecting this Point the Men I am told enlist fast and many of the new Levies consist of the Men lately drafted, but what Number of Men will be ready in what Number of days I dare not take upon me to determine. In this Situation of Affairs I thought it most adviseable to apply to your Excellency to specify the Number of Militia you would direct me to call forth & March to New-york before I issued any Orders for that Purpose & in order to save as much Time as possible I have taken the Liberty to send this by Express & have the honor to be with the profoundest Respect your Excellencys Most Humble Servt

Wil: Livingston


Title: General Orders, 29 June 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, June 29th 1776.
Parole Manchester.Countersign Norfolk.

Ensign Miller of Col. Wyllys’s Regiment under Arrest for leaving his guard at the City-Hall and suffering a prisoner to be absent from thence, to be immediately tried by a General Court Martial—Notice to be given to the witnesses to attend.
After Orders. ’Till the reinforcement intended for this department arrives, and some general regulations takes place; Brigadier Genl Mifflin is to take charge of the two Battalions from Pennsylvania, commanded by Colonels Shee and Magaw, but is to remain in the City of New York ’till further orders; before him all prisoners and all deserters are to be carried for examination, the former he will order to be escorted to such places as the Provincial Congress, or Committee of safety for New York, shall assign, and the latter to have removed to a distance from the army—reporting to the General all extraordinaries—General Mifflin will also turn his attention in a particular manner to the Gundaloes, Fire-Rafts &c.—causing the work to advance with all possible dispatch and seeing that nothing is omitted which can complete and forward them.
Jonathan Mifflin Esqr: is appointed Brigade Major to General Mifflin, and is to be obeyed as such.
The commanding officers of the Militia, from the several Counties, are to see that each private is furnished with Twenty four Rounds of Powder and Ball by applying to Commissary Cheever as fast as they arrive and to form them into Battalions as early as possible.
Evening Orders. As many useful men belonging to the Army

have been drafted, and others have been hired, for the different works of the Camp, and as their assistance may be wanted to repel the enemy; Such Carpenters, Armourers, Smiths and other Artificers, as are now under the directions of Capts. Post, Pollard, Brewin, Ford and Bacon, are forthwith to be formed into a distinct Corps, under the Command of Col. Jonathan Brewer, and Mr Parke Assist: Qr Mr General, who are to act (pro-tempore) as their Colonel and Lieut: Colonel—Mr Parke to parade them on the Common near the Park of Artillery, at Ten O’Clock, to morrow morning—he is to order an account to be taken of their Arms and Accoutrements, and to form them into Companies of fifty, and then report to the General, who will nominate such temporary officers, as will be necessary, to complete the several companies; this Corps to continue during the present exigency; after which they will return to their former employments; at the same time they are not to be exempted from their ordinary duty, while under the present Arrangement, except while they are arranging, or called out to action.
The Quarter Master General to deliver to Genl Putnam’s order, all the Sand-Bags in his possession—he is also to engage such a number of Cart Horses, in the City, as Col. Knox shall think sufficient for the use of the Train of Artillery, and with the assistance of Col. Knox, to arrange them in such a manner as will prevent confusion in time of service, and best answer the design of employing them; he is to procure as many sound, empty Hoghsheads as he can, and deliver them to Genl Putnams order, he is to procure all the Row-Boats and light Pettiaugers, in and near this City; and is to station them with all other boats, belonging to the Army, and not in use, in the dock between the Exchange Slip and Albany pier.
The Commissary General to lodge a fortnight’s provision on Governor’s Island, Powles-hook, and in all the detached posts; to enable him to do this with precision, Genl Putnam will furnish him with a List of the men in the several posts.
The General expects that all Soldiers, who are instrusted with the defence of any work, will behave with great coolness and bravery and will be particularly careful not to throw away their fire—he recommends to them to load for their first fire, with one musket ball and four or eight buck shot, according to the size and strenght of their pieces; if the enemy is received with

such a fire at not more than twenty or thirty yards distance, he has no doubt of their being repulsed.
The Brigadier Generals to order Cheveaux-de-Frizes and Fascines, sufficient to shut up the Sally-ports of their respective works, to be immediately provided and lodged near the works.


Title: From George Washington to the Board of War, 29 June 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

Gentlemen
New York June 29th 1776

I am now to acknowledge the receipt of your favor of the 21st Inst. and the proceedings of Congress wt. wh. you have been pleas’d to honour Me—I must beg pardon for not haveing answered it before & trust the Multiplicity of Business in which I have been engaged since it came to hand will apologize for the neglect, I shall particularly regard the several Important matters contained therein, and as far as Oppor[tunit]y and the Situation of affairs will permit, use every means in my power to comply with your requisitions and the duties enjoined on Me, Sensible that our Joint opperations will contribute greatly to advance the Interest of America in General, and the particular department committed to my Care, you may rest assured that I shall be happy to keep up a regular Correspondence, and will not fail to transmit you the most early accounts of every measure haveing the least tendency to this desireable End. I am Gentlemen wt. sentiments of great Esteem Yr Most Obedt Servt

G.W.


Title: To George Washington from William Burnet, 29 June 1776
From: Burnet, William
To: Washington, George

May it please your Excellency
[Newark, N.J., 29 June 1776]

The Congress have sent Mr Franklin our late Governor to New-England under the Care of the Morris Town light Horse—They passd through here Yesterday or rather lodged here the Night before last on their Way from Morris Town to Dobbs’s Ferry—I thought it a little extraordinary at the time that they should take this Rout when I supposed Morris Town was as

near Dobb’s as Newark—There were some other Circumstances at that time that looked suspicious—One of his Servants passed through here early in the Morning of the Day that his Master came here at Night & spoke with some Gentlemen in this Town As soon as he arrived here one of Mr Kemp the Attorney General’s Clerks came passing into the House where they put up And in the Morning the Servant that Mr Franklin had with him (Tho’ I desired the Capt. of the Guard not to allow the Servant liberty to speak to any one privately or to have Opportunity to receive or deliver any Letters) was as I am informed an Hour at old Mr Ogden’s & beleive can proceed after the Master with the Guard had passed on & then followed after & overtook them, at or before they reached Hackinsack—When they got to Hackinsack they concluded to wait till a Messenger could go to our Convention at Burlington & return with an Answer whether Mr Franklin might have Liberty to sign a Parole—I must refer your Excellen⟨cy⟩ to the Bearer Mr Treat for further Particulars & would only just inform your Excellency that I have detained the Express untill the return of Mr Treat for your Orders & have sent by him a Letter Mr Franklin sent to his Lady—Youl please to excuse Blots & every Inaccuracy occasioned by Hurry—I am with much Esteem your Excellency’s most obedt humble Sert

Wm Burnet

P.S. I make no Doubt your Excellency has recd my Answer with regard to the Affair of the Riffle Guard.


Title: From George Washington to Colonel James Clinton, 29 June–1 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, James

Sir
New York June 29th[–1 July] 1776

The Committee inform Me that no Evidence has appeared against Fletcher Mathews, and desire his papers may be delivered to him, which I would have you comply with, likewise the request of the Committee of Newburgh and New Windsor. I have to inform you of the Arrival of about 50 Sail this day at the Hook, this is part of a fleet of 130 which left Halifax under General Howe the 9th Inst.—would have you make all possible preparation—in case the Enemy should have in view to push some of their Frigates up the North River, to give them a proper Reception. I am sir Your Most Hume servt

Go: Washington

July 1st 130 Sail have arrived at the Hook.


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 29 June 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
New York June 29th 1776

I was last night honoured with your favour of the 26 Instant and agreable to your request shall pay proper attention to the Resolves It inclosed.

I observe the augmentation Congress have resolved to make to the forces destined for the Northern department & the bounty to be allowed such Soldiers as will Inlist for three years. I hope many good consequences will result from these measures, and that from the latter a considerable number of men may be induced to engage in the service.
I should esteem myself extremely happy to afford the least assistance to the Canada department in compliance with the desire of Congress and your requisition, were It in my power, but It is not. The Return which I transmitted yesterday will but too well convince Congress of my Incap[ac]ity in this instance, and point out to them, that the force I now have is trifling, considering the many, and important posts that are necessary & must be supported if possible. But few Militia have yet come in; the whole being about Twelve hundred Including the Two Battallions of this City and One Company from the Jerseys. I wish the delay may not be attended with disagreable circumstances, and their aid may not come too late, or when It may not be wanted. I have wrote, I have done every thing I could, to call them in, but they have not come, tho I am told that they are generally willing.
The Accounts communicated Yesterday thro Lieut. Davisons Letter are partly confirmed and I dare say will turn out to be true in the whole—For two or three days past, three or four Ships have been dropping in, & I just now received an Express from an Officer appointed to keep a look out on Staten Island, that forty five arrived at the Hook to day—some say more and I suppose the whole Fleet will be in, within a day or two. I am hopefull before they are prepared to attack, that I shall get some reinforcements; be that as It may I shall attempt to make the best disposition I can of our Troops in order to give them a proper reception, and to prevent the ruin and destruction they are meditating against us.
As soon as the Express arrived last night, I sent the Letters for the Northern Colonies to the Qr Master General with orders to forward them immediately.
When Monsieur Wiebert comes, (I have not seen him yet), I shall employ him as Congress have directed—The terms upon which he offers his service, seem to promise something from him. I wish he may answer, and be skilled in the business he says

he is acquainted with. I have the honor to be with great esteem Sir yr Most Obed. Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 29 June 1776
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia June 29th 1776.

I do myself the Honour of transmitting sundry Resolves, respecting the further Augmentation of the Continental Forces. The Congress have thought it expedient, to order a German Battalion to be raised, as soon as possible, to be employed in such Manner, as will be most likely, to defeat the Designs of our Enemies, and to promote the Cause of American Liberty.

Your Favour of the 27th Inst. with its several Enclosures, came to Hand yesterday. As the Congress will not sit this Day, I shall take the earliest Opportunity, on Monday, of laying their important Contents before them.
The Loss of Canada is, undoubtedly, on some Accounts, to be viewed in the Light of a Misfortune. The Continent has been put to great Expence in endeavouring to get Possession of it. It is highly probable too, that our Enemies will receive additional Strength, both of Men and Supplies from it. Yet, on the other Hand, there is a Mixture of good Fortune attending it. That our Army should make so prudent a Retreat, as to be able to save their Baggage, Cannon, Ammunition, sick &c. from falling into the Hands of the Enemy, is a Circumstance, that will afford a partial Consolation and reflect Honour upon the Officers who conducted it. Considering the superiour Force of the British Troops, and a Retreat as unavoidable, every Thing has been done, which, in such a Situation, could be expected. In short, Sir, I am extremely glad, our Army is likely to get safe out of Canada.
I am to request, you will please to order Col. Stevenson, and one other Field Officer of that Corps, to repair to this City, to confer with the Delegates of Virginia and Maryland, on the most proper Steps, to fill up the Companies, as expeditiously as possible. If there are any Subaltern Officers of that Corps, whom you can recommend it is the Desire of Congress, they should be promoted in Preferrence to those now to be taken into Pay. I have the Honour to be Sir, your most obedt hble Sevt

John Hancock Presidt

11 oClock. I have this moment Rec’d your favr of 28th which shall be laid before Congress I have also Rec’d by Post a Letter from Brigadr General Whitcomb Returning his Commission, & desiring to be Excus’d on Accot of Age & a Diffidence of not being able to Answer the Expectation of Congress.
The Inclos’d Copy of a Letter came to my hands, which I thought best to Transmit to you. I am Yours

J. Hancock, Pt


Title: From George Washington to Philip Livingston and John Jay, 29 June 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, Philip,Jay, John

Head Quarters [New York] 29th June 1776.

Genl Washington presents his Complimts to Mr Livingston & Mr Jay—thanks them most cordially for their kind Information & Invitation; but is so exceedingly hurried just at this time, that it is not in his power to attend the examination of G. Forbes. He begs it may go on, and will take it exceedingly kind if Forbes and the examination when taken, be sent to head Quarters at half after four Oclock, when the General will have an Officer or two present to question him, & compare his answers with the information given Mr Livingston and Mr Jay.


Title: From George Washington to William Livingston, 29 June 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Livingston, William

Dear Sir
New York June 29th 1776.

Since Col. Reed left this I have Received certain Intelligence from the Hook that about forty of the Enemies Fleet have arrived there, and others now in sight that there cannot be a doubt but the whole fleet will be in this day and tomorrow, I beg not a moments time may be lost in sending forward such parts of the Militia as Colo. Reed will mention. We are so very weak at this post that I must beg you to order the three Companies which I mentioned in my last for Staten Island immediately to this City. If Colo. Herd is the commanding Officer I must request you will lay my several Letters wrote to you before him, without delay. I am sir with Esteem Your Most Obedt Hume servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from the Officers and Soldiers of the Second Brigade, 29 June 1776
From: Officers and Soldiers of the Second Brigade
To: Washington, George

New York, 29 June 1776. “The excerable Conspiracy wherein the Murderer and the Incendiary were engaged to destroy your Excellency & the whole Army, of which Providence has led you to obtain a seasonable Discovery, inspires us with an inveterate abhorance of the Measures of that people from whom we never wished to be seperated, untill the multiplied Injuries of our parent state, compell’d us to seek Refuge in a seperate Government. . . .
“We assure your excellency of our firm attachment to the rights of our Country and the person of our General, and our abhorrence & detestation of those methods to subvert the one & destroy the other, to which the Vilany of our Enemies have descended, which would disgrace the Annals of the most barbarous nations. The wisdom & justice of your Excellency’s Government induces us to place the highest confidence in your measures to bring to condign punishment the authors of this horrid combination, & restore the peace of our Country on a permanent basis, for which purpose nothing in our Stations proper to be done shall be omitted, which your Excellency may see fit to order.”


Title: To George Washington from Daniel Tillinghast, 29 June 1776
From: Tillinghast, Daniel
To: Washington, George

Sir
Providence 29th June 1776

By Capt. Lippit of this Town, who is just arrived at Boston from Hallifax, we have certain accounts, that General Howe

with his Troops & fleet sail’d from Halifax 10th Inst: no person was allow’d to leave the Town till 4 days after, he says the Fleet consists of about 150 Sail & that they left near 1200 Sick at Halifax.
As there is a Boat just about to push of from here for New York, I tho’t it would not be improper to Inform your Excellency of the above as possibly this may reach you before you have any other accounts. I am with the greatest respect Your Excellencys, most Obedt & very humble Servant

Danl Tillinghast Agent


Title: General Orders, 30 June 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, June 30th 1776.
Parole Philadelphia.Countersign Holland.

The Brigadiers are to order the officers and men belonging to their several Brigades (not on duty) to march from their respective regimental parade to their alarm posts at least once every day that they may become well acquainted therewith, they are to march by such routes as are least exposed to a fire from the shipping and it is expected that all officers from the highest to the lowest, will make themselves well acquainted with the ground, that they may at any time be able to make advantage of it.
Upon the Signal for the enemies approach, or upon any alarm, all fatigue parties are immediately to repair to their respective Corps, with their arms, ammunition and accoutrements ready for instant action; the working parties in no other instance are to be interrupted; the finishing of our Lines of

defence and other works expeditiously, is a matter of so much consequence, that the General is persuaded from the known Zeal of the troops, that officers and men will stand in no need of arguments, to stimulate them upon common exertion upon the occasion, his anxiety for the Honor of the American Arms, and the noble cause we are engaged in, not a distrust in the officers care, induces him once more, and while time will allow it, to recommend a thorough Inspection in the mens arms and ammunition, to see that every Soldier is completed to Twenty-four Rounds, and has a good Flint well fixed into the lock; in short to be well prepared for an e[n]gagement is, under God, (whose divine Aid it behoves us to supplicate) more than one half the battle.
The General desires that each Colonel, or commanding officer of the established Regiments, will furnish him with a list of the vacancies therein, and that the Field Officers of those Regiments would recommend proper persons, to fill them—The commanding officer for the time being, of such Militia as shall arrive in this City from New Jersey, Connecticut and Massachusetts bay, is to give in Returns thereof to the Adjutant General, of the parties as they arrive, he is immediately to discharge every man who comes without Arms, and is to see that all the others are completed with their Twenty-four rounds ⅌ man, and that they do their proportion of all duties, as well fatigue as other duty.
Capt: Josiah Fay of Col. Ward’s Regiment to act as Major of the said regiment, ’till further orders, he is to be obeyed as such.
After Orders. Twenty six thousand Musket Cartridges to be sent Col. Prescott on Governor’s Island with some flints.
The Brigadiers to order a circle to be marked round the several Redoubts, by which their officers are to be directed, in giving orders for the first discharge—Small brush may be set up to make the line more distinct and familiar to the men, who are by no means to be ordered to fire before the enemy arrive at the circle.
The Countersign in future to be delivered by the Adjutant General, to the Brigade Majors, and Adjutant of Artillery, at six oClock P.M.; who are to send the same sealed to their respective Brigades, and to the Field Officers of their respective brigades, if required by the latter and to no others.

Capt. Stephen Brown of Col. Durkee’s Regiment, to go immediately to New-Ark, and apply for assistance in procuring and fixing boats, near the ferries, for facilitating the passage of the Troops from Jersey to New York.
Genl Heath to order the house and barn on Governors Island, to be consumed.


Title: From George Washington to William Burnet, 30 June 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Burnet, William

Sir
New York June th[e] 30. 1776

I recd your favor by Mr Treat & cannot but consider the Officer of Mr Franklyn’s guard extremely blameable for his Conduct. It is certainly his Indispensable duty to Conduct Mr Franklin to the place the Convention have Ordered without delay. The circumstances you represent—his Letter to his Lady and the whole complexion of the case afford a strong presumption—nay much more, full evidence that he means to escape if possible—he says in his Letter that during his respite the time between his Writing & getting an Answer from Congress something may turn up to make his removal Improper. And at any rate to gain time will be of advantage. I have wrote to the Captain of his Guard upon the Subject and as Mr Franklin has evidenced a most unfriendly disposition to our cause—As the Colony Conventn have ordered him to Connecticut for refusing to comply with such terms as they deemed necessary and proper for him to enter into to procure his liberty—As he does not propose to sign the Parole which they formed, but has proposed sevl Alterations, I am of Opinion your Committee should Interfere in the matter and give immediate orders to the Officer of the Guard to proceed with him in execution of the duty where with he is charged; And further that If you apprehend there is the least danger of his being rescued or of the Guards appointed to escort him being remiss in their duty that your Committee should Appoint a strong escort for the purpose and direct them to assist in performg the views of the convention & conduct him securely to the place fixed upon to receive him.

I have Inclosed the Letter for the Officr of the Guard, which having read you will seal & Transmit him. I am &c.
P.S. I am of Opinion If Mr Franklyn should consent to give the parole, required by Convention that the Officer has no power to take It unless he has been instructed by them to do It. & should not delay proceeding with him If that proposition was made much more on Accot of what has been. the Letter he designed for Mrs Franklin should be taken care of It may be of service.


Title: From George Washington to the Captain of William Franklin’s Guard, 30 June 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Captain of William Franklin’s Guard

Sir
Head-Quarters N. York 30th June 1776

I understand that the Convention of New-Jersey did resolve that Govr Franklin was an Enemy to the Liberties of America, and that he should be conducted under a safe Guard into Connecticut, & for that purpose he was committed to your Charge—I have this morning Recd Information that you have Halted with him at Hackensack—I would enjoin it upon you to set off Immediately and carry the resolve of Convention into Execution, delays are Dangerous, and should any accident happen you never could answer your neglect to our much injured Country—I would therefore again repeat to You, that it is my advice immediately on receipt of this to set forward on your Journey with Govr Franklin and make all possible dispatch for the place you are ordered to—Govr Franklin once had his choice—and choose Connecticut, & ’tis not for You to Hesitate on frivolous pretences but do your utmost to execute the orders you have Received in every particular. I am sir Yr Most Hume sert

G.W.


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 30 June 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
New York June 30. 1776

I had the pleasure of receiving your favor of the 29th early this morning with which you have been pleased to honor me, together with the Resolves for a further augmentation [of] our Army.
The Battallion of Germans which Congress have ordered to be raised, will be a Corps of much service, and I am hopefull that such persons will be appointed Officers as will complete their Inlistments with all possible expedition.
I shall communicate to Col. Stevenson and One of his Feild Officers what you have requested and direct them to repair immediately to Philadelphia.
It is an unlucky circumstance that the Term of Inlistment of these three Companies and of the Rifle Battallion should expire at this time, when a hot Campaign is in all probability about to commence.
Canada It is certain would have been an Important acquisition, and well worth the Expences incurred in the pursuit of It. But as we could not reduce It to our possession, the retreat of our Army with so little loss under such a variety of distresses, must be esteemed a most fortunate event. It is true the Accounts we have received, do not fully authorize us to say, that we have sustained no loss, but they hold forth a probable ground for such conclusion. I am anxious to hear It confirmed.
I have the honor of transmitting you an Extract of a Letter received last night from Genl Ward. If the Scheme the privateers had in view, and the measures he had planned have been carried into execution, the Highland Corps will be tolerably well disposed off, but I fear the fortunate event has not taken place.
In General Wards Letter was Inclosed one from Lt Colo. Campbell, who was made prisoner with the Highland Troops. I have transmitted you a Copy. This will give you a full and exact Account of the number of prisoners, that were on board the four Transports, and will prove beyond a possibility of doubt, that the evacuation of Boston by the British Troops was a matter neither known or expected when he received his orders. Indeed so many facts had concurred before to settle the matter, that no additional proofs were necessary.

When I had the honor of addressing you Yesterday, I had only been informed of the arrival of Forty five of the fleet in the morning, since that I have received authentic Intelligence from sundry persons, among them from Genl Greene, that One hundred & Ten Sail came in before night that were counted, and that more were seen about dusk in the Offing. I have no doubt but the whole that sailed from Hallifax are now at the Hook.
Just as I was about to conclude my Letter, I received one from a Gentleman upon the Subject of calling the Five Regiments from Boston to the defence of Canada, or New York, and to have Militia raised in their lieu. I have sent you a Copy and shall only Observe that I know the Author well, his handwriting is quite familiar to me—he is a Member of the General Court, very sensible, of great Influence and a warm and zealous friend to the cause of America. the expedient proposed by him is submitted to Congress. I have the honor to be with Sentiments of the highest esteem Sir Your Most Obed. Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Catherine Jandine Lamb, June 1776
From: Lamb, Catherine Jandine
To: Washington, George

[New York, June 1776]. States that her husband, Maj. John Lamb, commander of the Continental artillery in the northern department, was wounded and captured in the attack on Quebec and has remained a prisoner “near half a Year, waiting for that Freedom, which it is fervently wished the success of your Arms may obtain, both for him and his Country.
“Your Memorialist labouring under many Difficulties which arise from her Husband’s Situation, is under the Necessity of applying to your Excellency for the Monthly Payment of seven Pounds New York Currency, which her Husband before his Departure has allowed her out of his Pay, but which Colonel McDougall thinks himself no longer authorised to deliver to her.
“Having likewise been informed, that her said Husband, tho’ a Prisoner, is entitled to receive a pecuniary Equivalent for his Rations, she entreats your Excellency to direct, that she may receive that Equivalent, as an Addition to her Support, which is now become very precarious, her Husband being unable to remedy in this Respect a Defeciency of the Power of Attorney which he invested her with, a Defeciency, which brave Men disdain to foresee.”


Title: General Orders, 1 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters, New York, July 1st 1776
Parole Jersey.Countersign Militia.

The General Court Martial whereof Col. Parsons is President is dissolved—A General Court Martial of the lines consisting of one Colonel, one Lieut: Colonel, one Major and ten Captains to sit to morrow morning at Ten O’Clock to try all such prisoners as shall be brought before them—All Witnesses and other persons concerned to attend the Court—Field Officers for the above General Court Martial Col. Read President, Lieut: Col. Clark and Major Sprout.
John Lynch of Capt: Benezets Company and Col. Magaw’s Regiment convicted by a General Court Martial of “striking and wounding an officer of Col. Shee’s Battalion”; and Richd Neal and James Higgins of Capt: Stevenson’s Independent Company of Rifle Men being convicted by the same Court Martial whereof Col. Parsons was President, of “striking and abusing several officers of the 20th Regt”—were sentenced by the Court to receive Thirty-nine Lashes each—The General approves the sentences, and orders them to be put in execution, at such time and place, as the commanding officer of their respective Corps shall direct.
A working party of nine hundred men from General Heath’s, Spencer’s and Lord Stirling’s Brigades and the same proportion

from General Scott’s to turn out at five oClock A:M:—Huntington’s, Ward’s, Nixon’s and Webb’s Regiments to work at the Redoubts on Jews-hill plain, and Bayards-hill, to be allowed one hour for breakfast—three for dinner and to work ’till sunset—Parson’s Regiment to work on the Well under Capt: Chapman’s directions—Learneds, Wyllys’s and Bailey’s Regiments go to Governors Island: Learneds to take axes from the Laboratory: Prescott’s Regiment to work as Huntingtons, and turn out the whole off duty, the picquet not excepted, Prescott’s Regiment is required to be more attentive to duty, not having furnished their compliment at the works for two Weeks ’till yesterday—Baldwins Regiment to work at Red hook, and take tools from the Laboratory—Genl Scotts Brigade, McDougall’s, Ritzema’s and Reeds Regiments, to receive Orders at the Laboratory in the morning—All working parties to work ’till sunset, and those regiments not otherwise directed, to parade by Six OClock A:M:
The Troops in rotation to be allowed to fire two Cartridges ⅌ Man, in such a manner, and at such time, as the respective Brigadiers may direct: The Brigadiers to give notice to the General of their several determinations on this head.
William Hurly of Capt: Parks Company, and of the Regiment late Learned’s tried by the above Court Martial for firing on and wounding without cause one Peter Child a Citizen was acquitted—The General approves thereof and orders him to be discharged.
After Orders. The whole Army to be under Arms to morrow morning at day light, on their regimental parades, with their full Ammunition ready for action: The Militia of the City will parade at their usual places, and take their orders from the Brigadier General commanding in that quarter. The Artificers and such Militia or other Troops as are arrived in town, and have no other destination are to parade on the Common in the front of the Park of Artillery, and take their orders from Brigadier General Lord Stirling—Colonel Nixon which his regiment, is to proceed, as soon as possible, in the morning, to Governors Island, and take the command there.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel James Clinton, 1 July 1776
From: Clinton, James
To: Washington, George

May it Please Your Excellency
Fort Constitution [N.Y.] July 1st 1776

I have Just now Purchased from Capt. Peter Vredenburgh Nine hundred good Inch white pine Boards and fifty Pitch Pine Plank for the Use of this and Fort Montgomery to Answer the purpose of Tents Agreable to Your Directions of the 25th of June Last I have given him a Receipt for the same and Agreed he Shall Receive on his Arrival in New York the Market price they now Sell for.
I hope Lieut. Smith will get the Nails and other Articles I Sent him to New York for with the Sloop we are Entirely out of Nails and the Persons I Sent in the Country to Look for them has

Returned without any I have Sent Majr Schuyler to Albany and Dutches to try if he Can Procure Arms for the Use of my Regt I have tryed this part of our Country but have met with Little Success as those that are our friends in the Millitia are Unwilling to part with their Arms on Acct of the Torys & Disafected persons that are Amongst them.
I have Hired the Armourer I mentioned in a former Letter at a Less price than what he first asked he is to have Capt. Pay & Rations and to find his own Tools which will be Down to Day there is four more in the Regt which I will agree with as Cheap as I can.
There is Come Down from Mr Wisener’s Mill to New Windsor one Tun of Continental gun Powder and more Expected Down they are at a Loss what to Do with it as it is Not very Safe there without they keep a guard over it there was 1000 Wt of the Powder here Ordered for Ulster County & 1000 Wt for Dutches but as it was made up in Ca[r]tridges I Could not part with it Perhaps they might be Supplyed out of that at New Windsor I believe it is much wanted amongst them.
Coll Humfreys from Dutches County has Joined me with part of three Companies of his Regt which I have ordered to Fort Montgomerey where they have more Room and are most wanted at present I will Send a Genl Return the first Opportunity.
Inclosed is a List of Ordinance & Delivered by Your Order & a Resolve of the Provincial Congress Since Last Return we want More Carriages here Very Much as those with the wooden Wheels made here and hooped with Iron I am sure will not Stand fireing we have Several Cannon here Unmounted and those taken Away make the Battereys Look Bare of guns. I am Your Excellencys Most Obedient Humble Servant

James Clinton Coll


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 1 July 1776
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir
Philada 1 July 1776

I wrote you by the Express on Saturday last, since which nothing has Occurr’d worthy your Notice—The sole Reason of Troubling you with this is to Acquaint you that in Consequence of your orders to Capt. Peters he proceeded with Major Rogers to this City, & Call’d on me Saturday last, & in the Evening of that day I Reliev’d him of his Charge, & put Major Rogers under Guard at the Barracks, where he now Remains; the Congress having by a particular Appointmt had under Consideration a momentous matter this day, which prevented their Attention to Major Rogers—My next will Inform you I hope of some very decisive Measures.
Being much Engag’d can only Add my best wishes for your Health & Success, with Respects to your worthy Lady, I am Sir Your very hum. st

John Hancock Pt

In justice to Capt. Peters I must Say he has Conducted exceeding well.


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 1 July 1776
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia July 1t 1776.

This will be delivered to you by Monsr Antoine Felis Wiebert, a French Gentleman, who brings such ample Recommendation of his Skill, as an Engineer, that the Congress are desirous of having him placed in a Situation, where he may have it in his Power, to shew it. And, indeed, this is all he requests himself; being very willing, after his Abilities shall be put to the Trial, that his future Character and Promotion in the American Army, should depend on the Proofs he may give of his Capacity and Qualifications. I am therefore to request, you will employ him in such Way, as you shall judge, will best conduce to the Good of the Service, and answer Monsr Wiebert’s Desire. I have the Honour to be Sir, your most obedt & very hble Servant

John Hancock Presidt


Title: To George Washington from Major General Charles Lee, 1 July 1776
From: Lee, Charles
To: Washington, George

My Dr General
Charlestown—July the 1st 1776

I have the happiness to congratulate You on a very signal success (if I may not call it a victory) which We have gain’d over the mercernary Instruments of the British Tyrant—I shall not trouble you with a detail of their manœuvres or delays—but defer it to another time when I have more leisure to write and you to attend—let it suffice that having lost an opportunity (such as I hope will never again present itself) of taking the Town which on my arrival was utterly defenceless, The Commodore thought proper on Fryday last with his whole Squadron consisting of two fifty’s[,] six Frigates and a Bomb (the rates of which You will see in the inclosd list) to attack our Fort on Sullivan’s Island—They drop’d their anchors about eleven in the forenoon at the distance of three or four hundred yards before the Front Battery—I was myself at this time in a Boat endeavouring to make the Island, but the wind and tide being violently against us drove us on the main—They immediately commenc’d the most furious fire that I ever heard or saw—I confess I was in

pain from the little confidence I repos’d in our Troops—the Officers being all Boys, and the Men raw recruits—what augmented my anxiety was that We had no bridge finish’d of retreat or communication and the Creek or Cove which seperates it from the Continent is near a mile wide—I had receiv’d likewise intelligence that their land troops intended at the same time to land and assault—I never in my life felt myself so uneasy—and what added to my uneasiness was that I knew our stock of ammunition was miserably low—I had once thoughts of ordering the Commanding Officer to spike his Guns and when his ammunition was spent to retreat with as little loss as possible—however I thought proper previous to send to Town for a fresh supply, if it cou’d possibly be procured and order’d my Aid de Camp Mr Byrd who is (a lad of magnanimous Courage) to pass over in a small Canoe and report the state of the spirit of the Garrison—if it had been low, I shou’d have abandon’d all thoughts of defence—his report was flattering—I then determin’d to maintain the Post at all risks—and pass’d the Creek or Cove in a small boat in order to animate the Garrison in propria persona—but I found They had no occasion for such encouragement—They were pleas’d with my visit, and assur’d me They never wou’d abandon the Post but with their lives—the cool courage They display’d astonish’d and enraptur’d me—for I do assure You, My Dr General, I never experienc’d a hotter fire—twelve full hours it was continued without intermission The noble Fellows who were mortally wounded conjur’d their Brethren never to abandon the Standard of liberty—Those who lost their limbs deserted not their Posts—upon the whole They acted like Romans in the third Century—however our works were so good and solid that We lost but few—only ten kill’d on the Spot—and twenty two wounded—seven of whom lost their legs or arms—the loss of the Enemy, as you will perceive by the inclos’d list was very great—as I send a detail to the Congress I shall not trouble you with a duplicate—but before I finish, You must suffer me to recommend to your esteem Friendship and Patronage my two young Aid de Camps Byrd and Morris whose good sense integrity activity and valour promise to their Country a most fruitfull crop of essential services—Mr Jenifer of Maryland a Gentleman of fortune and not of the age when the

blood of Men flows heroically, has shewn not less spirit than these Youngsters—I may venture to recommend in these high terms because the tryal was severe.
Colonel Moutrie who commanded the Garrison deserves the highest honours—the manifest intention of the Enemy was to land at the same time the Ships began to fire, their whole regulars on the East end of the Island—twice They attempted it and twice were repulls’d by a Colonel Thompson of the S. Carolina Rangers in conjunction with a body of N. Carolina Regulars—Upon the whole, the S. and N. Carolina Troops and Virginian Rifle Battalion We have here, are admirable Soldiers—The Enemy is now return’d to their old Station on this side the Bar—what their intention is I cannot divine—One of the five Deserters who came over to us this day is the most intelligent Fellow I ever met with—the accounts of their particular loss and situation are his, and, I think, They may be depended upon—For God’s sake, My Dr General, urge the Congress to furnish me with a thoushand Cavalry—with a thoushand Cavalry I cou’d insure the safety of these Southern Provinces; and without Cavalry I can answer for nothing—I propos’d a scheme in Virginia for raising a body without almost any expence; the scheme was relish’d by the Gentlemen of Virginia, but I am told that the project was censur’d by some Members of the Congress, on the principle that a Military Servant shoud not take the liberty to propose any thing—This opinion I sincerely subscribe to when our distance from the Sovereign is so small and the danger so remote as to admit of proposing deliberating resolving and approving—But when a General is at a vast distance and the Enemy close to him I humbly conceive that it is his duty to propose and adopt any thing without other authority than the public safety—from want of this species of Troops We had infallibly lost this Capital, but the dilitoriness and stupidity of the Enemy sav’d us—I this instant learn that the Commodore is fixing buoys on the bar which indicates an intention of quitting the place—it is probable that They will bend their course to Hampton or Cheasepeke Bay. |
I am extremely happy, Dr General, that You are at Philadelphia for their Councils sometimes lack a little military elictricity.
I have ordered the Adjudant General to send you a return—I

mean only a return of the strength of this place—I suppose it will be imperfect for it is an Herculean labour to a S. Carolina Officer to make any detail—God bless, You, My Dr General and crown you with success—as I am most entirely and affectionately Yours

Charles Lee

I am made quite happy by the resolution of Congress to keep Canada[.] had it been relinquish’d—all wou’d have been lost.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Philip Schuyler, 1 July 1776
From: Schuyler, Philip
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Albany July 1st 1776

On Friday Evening I received a Line from General Sullivan, Copy whereof I have the Honor to inclose; by the Contents your Excellency will perceive that we have Reasons to believe the next will announce his Arrival at Crown point.
Yesterday Morning General Gates introduced a Mr Avery to me, who applied to me for Money to carry on the Commissary General’s Department here—I asked if Mr Livingston was superceded and beged to see, how he (Avery) was authorized to act here; he shewed me a Commission from Mr Trumbull the Commissary General with Instructions annexed appointing him Deputy Commissary in Canada, and the Instructions were correspondent to such Appointment—I told him his Commission did not by any Means supersead Mr Livingston’s, and until that was done that I must consider Mr Livingston as the Deputy Commissary General here, and that all Warrants for Money to carry on that Department here must be drawn in his Favor unless Mr Trumbull himself was present—He assured me that it was Mr Trumbull’s Intentions that he (Avery) should have the sole Management,

and that Mr Livingston was only to be considered as a Contractor I sent for Mr Livingston, who produced a Letter of the 25th Instant from Mr Trumbull directly contradictory to what Mr Avery had asserted; upon which he declared that Mr Trumbull had informed him that Congress had given him full power to make any Arrangement he thought proper and displace whom he pleased, and that it was his Intention by giving him (Avery) that Commission to supercede Mr Livingston. To which Mr Livingston answered, that altho’ Mr Trumbull had no power to remove him unless authorized so to do by Congress, as he held his Commission immediately from that Body, yet if Mr Trumbull had expressed any such Intention that he would immediately resign, and he would put the Question to Mr Trumbull—I observed to Mr Avery that Nothing in his Commission or the Instructions annexed authorized him to say what he did: that Mr Trumbul’s Letter to Mr Livingston flatly contradicted it; that if he remained with the Army, provided it was not in Canada, he must be subordinate to Mr Livingston, and obey his Orders; which he chose not to do, and he is now going down—I advised him to remain until the Affair was determined & candidly told him that I should try to keep Mr Livingston in the Employment, if he chose it, because, admitting that their abilities and Integrity were perfectly equal Mr Livingston’s Conduct had met my Approbation, & that his great Family Connections in this County had enabled him to carry on the Service when others could not have done it, of which I gave Instances—General Gates was present, and acquiesced in the propriety of what I observed, I was therefore greatly surprized to be informed that he should tell Mr Avery, that he had Nothing to say here, but that as soon as he came to the Army he would employ him, I say I was greatly surprized because General Gates knew that, that Army was no longer in Canada, and because I did not know that he then claimed a Right to controul my Orders with Respect to the Army, even if it should be at Crown point, nor could I imagine he thought so as your Excellency’s Instructions to him gave as I concieve not the least Colour for it. Your last Letter to me holds up a contrary Idea, and so does every Resolution of Congress hitherto transmitted to me. but that General Gates conceived and still does that the Army is immediately under his Command I had a very few Hours after the most

convincing proof of, as your Excellency will observe from the inclosed paper, which I hastily drew up immediately after the Discourse and which I desired General Gates to read that no Misunderstanding might arise for want of recollecting what had been said, and which he acknowleges contains the Substance of what passed between us.
By your Excellency’s Instructions to General Gates he is empowered to appoint a Quarter Master General in Canada. I observed this Morning that I believed it was founded on a Supposition that Colonel Campbell was then about quitting Canada, for that I could not imagine that an Officer being “ordered to Congress to settle his Accounts” deprived him of his Employments: that Colonel Campbell was originally appointed to this Department, and Canada now being made a seperate one and the Command of it given to General Gates, he could under the powers he had appoint whom he pleased to act there, but that unfortunately for us the Evacuation of that Country by our Troops had taken place, and that I must and should consider Colonel Campbell as the D.Q.M. General on this Side of Canada.
If Congress intended that General Gates should command the Northern Army wherever it might be, as he assures me they did, it ought to have been signified to me, and I should then have immediately resigned the Command to him, but until such Intention is properly conveyed to me I never can: I must therefore entreat your Excellency to lay this Letter before Congress, that they may clearly & explicitly signify their Intentions to avert the Dangers & Evils that may arise from a disputed Command, for after what General Gates has said the Line must be clearly drawn, as I shall until then stand upon punctilios with General Gates, that I would otherwise with pleasure wave; but that the Service may not be retarded, nor suffer the least, from the Difference in Opinion between General Gates and me, I have determined to remain here; altho’ I had, before this Affair came to light, mentioned to him my Intentions of going up with him.
As both General Gates and myself mean to be candid and wish to have the Matter settled without any of that Chicane, which would disgrace us as Officers & Men, we have agreed to speak plain and to shew each other what we have written to you upon

the Occasion, and he has accordingly read the whole of what I have abovesaid.
Since writing the above General Gates has shewn me the Resolutions of Congress of the 17th Instant, which confirm me in the Opinion I have entertained that he was only to command the Army in Canada and that I had no Controul upon him, when there.
Your Excellency may be assured of my best Exertions to prevent the Enemy from penetrating into these Colonies—General Gates is in Sentiment with me on the Mode, that of encreasing our Naval Strength and fortifying some advantageous Spot on the East Side of Lake Champlain either opposite to Tyconderoga or between that and Crown point. Part of the Militia from this Colony is marched up—none of the others are yet moved—Their Tardiness will greatly distress us, as we have much very much to do, and few Men to do it with.
The Cannon sent by Colonel Knox are arrived Yesterday and altho’ the Indians have deferred the Treaty to the Middle of this Month, yet I have thought it advisable to take post at Fort Stanwix and all the Stores are moving from here to Day, and will I hope leave Schenectady on Wednesday Morning—The Commissioners of Indian Affairs have prepared a Message to the six Nations giving the Reasons why we take post at Fort Stanwix: this will however not be sent until every Thing is so far advanced that there may be no Danger in communicating to them my Intentions.
Should the Enemy advance and we be under the Necessity of calling forth the Militia nearest us, we shall be at a Loss for Ball and Buck Shot, I wish therefore to have twenty five Rounds a piece for ten thousand men sent up the soonest possible if it can any where be procured with a proportionate quantity of Cartridge paper and two Tons of Oakham.
If any Cutlasses, Stink pots and Hand Grenades can be got I beg they may also be sent for the Use of our armed vessels.
One hundred thousand of the Dollars brought up by General Gates are ordered to the Army; better than half of the other are already expended, nor will any be left in two or three Days.
Mr Duane informed me and gave me Leave to make Use of his Name that the five hundred thousand voted by Congress, the

22d of May for this Department were actually charged, and he fears that they have met with some Accident on the Way up.
I have ordered the Silver to be kept in Chest, except about £3000 which we borrowed here and must now be repaid.
4 O’Clock P.M. I am this Moment favored with your Excellency’s Letter of the 27th Ultimo inclosing Copy of a Resolution of Congress of the 24th I have immediately an Oppertunity of forwarding Copies thereof to Governor Trumbull and Mr Edwards, the latter has already received one Month’s Advance Wages for the Stockbridge Company, and which I suppose is by this Time paid to them as he informed me that they were to be here on Wednesday or Thursday next. I am afraid it will give great Umbrage if they are immediately discharged, but as the order is positive I dare not presume to defer complying with it—I shall however request Mr Edwards to do it in a Manner that will give the least Offence.
I wish Colonel Francis and Colonel Wolcott were immediately ordered up to attend the Conference at the German Flatts on the 15th Instant, as I propose going to Crown point to Morrow, having upon farther Consultation with General Gates & General Arnold since writing the foregoing determined upon it, and this Journey may detain me so long as to prevent my Attendance, in which Case there will be only two Commissioners present. I am Dr General most respectfully Your obedient humble Servant

Ph: Schuyler


Title: From George Washington to Major General Artemas Ward, 1 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Ward, Artemas

Sir
New York July 1st 1776

I received your favors of the 20 & 23 Ulto and am happy to hear of the further success of our armed Vessels in the Capture of the Transport with the Highland Grenadiers. If they have been fortunate enough to take the 11 Ships mentioned in your last I suppose we are in possession of a large share of the Highlanders Ordered against us.
I am extremely sorry for your Indisposition & wish to afford you all the releif in my power and that the situation of things will admit of. It is particularly unlucky that Mr Whitcomb should refuse his Commission at this Crisis. A Fleet has arrived at The Hook which we suppose to be Genl Howe’s having recd authentic Intelligence of his sailing from Hallifax on the 9th Ulo with 132 sail. One hundred & Ten came in on Saturday, more were in the Offing & a few had got in two or three days before. we expect he will make an attack as soon as possible and I am

making every preparation to receive him—As we are extremely deficient in Arms here and in great distress for want of them I shall be glad if you will send all of those taken from the Highlanders which you conceive can be possibly spared. Let them be sent immediately to Norwich to the person[s] there who were Entrusted with the Others, with directions to forward them without delay by Water If there shall be no risk, If there is by Land. You will Observe that the new Regiments to be raised in the massachussets are to furnish their own before they are received or can be taken into pay. I am &c.

G.W.

P.S. It is not in my power to send a Genl Officer now—I have but One majr Genl And not Brigadiers more than are Absolutely necessary nor so many. I have heard nothing more of the Other Three Hundred Carbines—they are not yet arrived.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Thomas Bullitt, 2 July 1776
From: Bullitt, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Sir
Charlestown July 2d 1776

My having Early in Life ingaged in the Last war under you, and the present one we are Ingaged in, appearing to be an affair that will not be Verry Shortly Settled Induces me to Solicit your Notice and patronage, in obtaining a promotion of rank in Some measure adequate to my Long Service and rank Last war, in this I Flatter myself with your Notice to Congress, as otherwise I may pass altogether unnoticed amongst the many promotions taking place, and my principles having Left a Vacancy by his promotion, hope this application will not be out of time. I am with the Utmost respect Your obedt Humble Servt

Thos Bullitt


Title: To George Washington from the Massachusetts General Court, 2 July 1776
From: Massachusetts General Court
To: Washington, George

May it please Your Excellency
Watertown [Mass.]July 2nd 1776.

The General Court in Compliance with the resolve of Congress appointed Committees to go into the several Counties of Plymouth, Bristol, Worcester, and Berkshire, to raise from the Militia two thousand men, destined to New York, a Copy of

which Resolve we inclose you, & immediately on receipt of your Letter of 28th Ulto the General Assembly sent away Expresses to their several Committees appointed to raise the Men destined for New York pressing them to forward their March with all Expedition, and We hope it will not be long before they will join you. Wishing you Success in all your Enterprizes. In the Name, and by Order of the General Assembly—I am Your Excellency’s most obedient & most humble Sert

Walter Spooner


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General John Sullivan, 2 July 1776
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

My Dear General
Crown Point [N.Y.] July the 2d 1776

I have from time to time Endeavoured to give your Excellencey the Earliest Intelligence of our movements in this Quarter but the Distance is So great that we are under necessity of making many without having your Excellencys advice; in my Last I mentioned that I Should remain with the Army at Isle au Noix till your Excellen[c]ey’s pleasure Could be known. This I Supposed would Serve to Cover & protect the Inhabitants Settled by the Lake till they could Remove with their Effects—& at the Same time give us an opportunity of Receiving your Excellenceys Direction where to make a Stand—but unfortunately Sickness of almost Every kind Siezed both officers & men to Such a Degree that I was forced to Leave that unhealthy place & retire to This where I hope the army will soon Recruit. we have I think Secured Every thing Even to an ax Except three Cannon at Chamblee & those not very good we have taken one out of the Lake a fine twelve pounder which in part makes up our Loss I am now fortifying this place & will Endeavour to have it as Strong as possible & fix as many Galleys to Command the Lake as I can—I have Sent for Some person Acquainted with those Constructed at Philadelphia that we may have Some of that Built if it is agreeable to your Excellencey; I have wrote General Schuyler for his advice—which hope Soon to Receive—in the Interim I Shall be procuring as much timber & boards as possible—I hear that a number of Militia are ordered here. I dont think them necessary at present but Should they be Sent I wish it might be Such as have had the Small pox as there is no avoiding it in our Camp—as the Air is pure at this place & the Army can have fresh provisions & good water I hope they will Soon Recruit—if they Should Sure I am that we Shall have

Enough to fortify & hold this place & at the Same time Command the Lake; a Lieut. which I sent to Reconnoitre at St Johns & Chamblee has Returned and Says that he Counted about a hundred & fifty tents at St Johns twenty five at St Rays & fifteen at Chamblee That the Regulars are very Busy in fortifying at St Johns he Saw no Boats Except a Canoe & one Batteau at Chamblee he Dispatched two of his men from St Johns to give me Intelligence who have not Since been heard of I fear the Indians have Entrapp’d them.
In my Rout I have given Every assistance in my power to remove the frontier Inhabitants with their Effects & have ordered Colo. Winde with a hundred & fifty men to take post at onion River to guard there till I could have yr Excellenceys & General Schuylers opinions I have Sent Congress a written application from these Inhabitants for assistance Doubtless they will make Some order upon it which I hope will be that Colo. Warner of the Green Mountains Shall raise men for that purpose as I think those men much better calculated to Defend that part of the Country than any others—I Shall now be able to make your Excellencey a proper Return of men & Stores which Shall be immediately forwarded—In the interim I Remain with the highest Sentiments of Respect yr Excellencys most obedient Servant

Jno. Sullivan

P.S. we are in great want of about Six or Eight field pieces which beg may be forwarded as Soon as may be[.] yr Excys most obedt Servt

Jno. Sullivan


Title: To George Washington from Joshua Wentworth, 2 July 1776
From: Wentworth, Joshua
To: Washington, George

Sir
Portsmouth [N.H.] July 2d 1776

I was Honour’d with your favor of 15t. Ulto ⅌ post, Inclosing resolves of The Honble Continental Congress wch fully answers the purpose of my request to Stephen Moylan Esq., and shall persue, a mode consistant toe the resolves—and as they point the line of duty shall Omit troubleing Your Excellency any further—I shou’d not have been so pressing to Mr Moyland had I been posses’d of the Continental resolves, previous to Your Excellencys favoring me with them.
I am inform’d the Gentlemen that Petition’d the Congress have not receiv’d any determination, nor do I suppose the former resolves will be Counteracted to avail prejudicial to the Captors.
The Agents of Your Excellencys appointment to the Wester’d of this Port, I here are confirm’d by the Continental Congress—I presume to Solicit Your Excellencys recommendation, for my confirmation If you stil think me worthy of that trust—I am the more enduced to trouble Your Excellency, as I was first Honour’d with your Commission, & vainly attempt to assure You Sir that my Study shall be to merritt the Confidence of the Continent being with Respect Your Excellencys Most obt & very hl. Servt

Josh. Wentworth


Title: To George Washington from the Elizabethtown Committee of Safety, 3 July 1776
From: Elizabethtown Committee of Safety
To: Washington, George

May it please your Excellency
Elizabeth Town [N.J.] in Committee3d July 1776

This Morning we have been Alarmd with a Party of the Enemy landing on Staten Island & proceeding to the point within two Miles of this Town where they took off the plank of a

Draw Bridge & retreated to a House about a Mile from the Bridge. From the best intelligence we can get there are several Parties on the Island. The few remaining Militia we have are Collecting, but we are in distress for Powder and Ball, especially for four double Fortified three pounders which we have here but without a Single Cartrige.
The Necessity of the Case Justifies our earnest Application for such a supply as your Excellency may be able to Spare with propriety—The Bearer will be a proper person to take Charge of Whatever may be afforded us on the occasion. We are with great respect your Excellencies very Humble Sers.

By Order of Committee
Isaac Woodruff D. Chairman

P.S. The diameter of our Cannon in the Bore are exactly 2½ Inches.


Title: To George Washington from the Fredericksburg Precinct Committee of Safety, 3 July 1776
From: Fredericksburg Precinct Committee of Safety
To: Washington, George

May it please your Excellency
Fredricksburgh [N.Y.]July 3 A.D. 1776

Whereas at a Meeting of the Committee of Fredricksburgh Precinct July 3d 1776 a Gentleman of Carractor appeared before Said Committee and declared volontarily that in Conversation with a disafected Person he was told that the Ministerial Party had a Post rid to the northward from New York to carry News as Constantly as the other Posts and that Said Post was

lately gone to the northward And the Fleet was not to do any thing till he brought Intelligence from the Ministerial Army in Canada. And as Matters are now near a Crisis this Committee think themselves in Duty bound to acquaint your Excellency of this ⟨illegible⟩ Intelligence that ev’ry proper Method might be taken to intercept all Such Communication. And as one Mr Bennitt has rode for Some time (and is now gone to the northward) Says he is imployed by General Washington to carry News and is Suspected by his frequenting disafected Houses riding a back Road &c. to be either trecherious or an Imposter. and in case he is not an honest Man we think that he may carry Letters to disafected Persons Superscribed to Your Excellency.

By order of Comtte
Isaac Elliott Chairman


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 3 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
New York July the 3d 1776

Since I had the honor of addressing you and on the same day, several Ships more arrived within the Hook, making the number that came in then a hundred & Ten, and there remains no doubt of the whole of the Fleet from Hallifax being now here.
Yesterday evening fifty of them came up the Bay, and Anchored on the Staten Island side. their views I cannot precisely determine, but am extremely apprehensive as part of ’em only came, that they mean to surround the Island and secure the Stock upon It. I had consulted with a Committee of the Provincial Congress upon the Subject before the arrival of the Fleet and they appointed a person to superintend the business and to drive the Stock off. I also wrote Brigr Genl Herd and directed him to the measure, lest It might be neglected, but am fearfull It has not been affected.
Our reinforcement of Militia is but yet small. I cannot ascertain the amount not having got a return. However I trust if the Enemy make an Attack they will meet with a repulse, as I have the pleasure to inform you, that an agreable spirit and willingness

for Action seem to animate and pervade the whole of our Troops.
As It is difficult to determine what Objects the Enemy may have in Contemplation, and whether they may not detach some part of their force to Amboy and to ravage that part of the Country, if not extend their views farther, I submit It to Congress whether It may not be expedient for ’em to repeat and press home their requests to the different Governments that are to provide men for the flying Camp, to furnish their Quota’s with all possible dispatch. It is a matter of great importance and will be of serious consequence to have the Camp established in case the Enemy should be able to possess themselves of this River and cut off the Supplies of Troops that might be necessary on certain emergencies to be sent from hence.
I must entreat your attention to an Application I made some time ago for Flints, we are extremely deficient in this necessary Article, and shall be greatly distressed if we cannot obtain a Supply. Of Lead we have a sufficient quantity for the whole Campaign taken off the Houses here.
Esteeming It of Infinite advantage to prevent the Enemy from getting fresh provisions and Horses for their Waggons, Artillery &c. I gave orders to a party of our men on Staten Island since writing Genl Herd to drive the Stock off, without waiting for the assistance or direction of the Committees there, lest their slow mode of transacting business might produce too much delay and have sent this morning to know what they have done. I am this Minute informed by a Gentleman that the Committee of Eliza. Town sent their Company of Light Horse on Monday to effect It, and that some of their Militia was to give their aid yesterday—he adds that he was credibly told last night by part of the Militia coming to this place that yesterday they saw a good deal of Stock driving off the Island & crossing to the Jerseys. If the business is not executed before now, It will be impossible to do It. I have the Honor to be with Sentiments of the greatest Esteem Sir Your Most Obedt Servt

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Captain Ephraim Manning, 3 July 1776
From: Manning, Ephraim
To: Washington, George

May it please your Excellency
Wednesday 8 oClock A.M.[3 July 1776]

Last Night about 12 oClock I recd your Excellencies Orders to give my Assistance in taking the Stock of[f] Staten Island—beg leave to inform your Ex[c]ellency, that by the Advice of all my Officers, I left the Island Yesterday about 3 oClock P.M. the Inhabitants being unfreindly & the Enemy so near & my Party so small, had I staid any longer we must have fallen into their Hands, as they were surrounding the Island with their Shipping, & not long after we crossd the Ferry there came up two Armd Vessels, which I did (with the Assistance of an Officer of the Train & one three Pounder) my Endeavour to drive back & in some masure Effected.
I am now About 5 Mile up in the Jersey side, (my Men being very much fatigued) where I wait your Excellency’s Commands.

As their is a large Number landed & continually landing, beg leave to hint to your Excellency, whither a larger Party then I have at present under my Command, will not be necessary. I am with the greatest Respect your Excellencies Most Obedt hume Servt

Ephraim Man[ning]


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Hugh Mercer, 3 July 1776 [letter not found]
From: Mercer, Hugh
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Brigadier General Hugh Mercer, 3 July 1776. On 4 July GW wrote to Mercer: “I am to acknowledge the receipt of your favours of Yesterday & this morng.”


Title: To George Washington from Captain John Smith, 3 July 1776
From: Smith, John
To: Washington, George

Esopus [N.Y.] 3 July 1776. Requests the exchange of himself and three other officers of the 42d Royal Highland Regiment of Foot who were captured aboard the transport Oxford by the Continental navy brig Andrew Doria.


Title: To George Washington from Jonathan Trumbull, Sr., 3 July 1776
From: Trumbull, Jonathan Sr.
To: Washington, George

Sir.
Lebanon [Conn.] 3d of July 1776

Immediately after the Recess of the General Assembly I gave the necessary Orders to Brigadier General Wadsworth for expediting the raising and marching the Battallions ordered to be raised and sent to your Assistance.
Since which I had the Honour to receive your favour of the 28th Ult., advising of the Arrival of General How at the Hook and the near approach of the British Fleet. In Consequence of

which I have ordered such part of the Battallions, ordered to be raised to join You, as are inlisted to begin their March without delay, and that the Residue move forward as fast as they are inlisted.
But, to prevent, as much as may be any Misfortune or Danger from their arriving too late; I have Ordered three Regiments of Light Horse of our Militia under the Command of Lieutenant Colonel Seymour to march without loss of Time and join the Army under your Command, and to continue to do Duty with them untill our Battallions are compleated, when it is expected they will be discharged unless the Situation of the Army should require that they be longer detained, of which You will be the proper Judge; in which Case it is hoped they may be detained no longer than is absolutely Necessary, as their private Business at this Season, in which the public is interested, will suffer by their Absence.
The critical Situation of the Army under your Command, and our desire to do every thing in our power for common Defence, are the motives to order these Regiments of Horse to your Assistance, but if you should think their Service not necessary or usefull, or should the Situation of the Army be such that their March may be dispensed with, You will signify the same to Gold Selleck Silliman Esqr. Colonel of the Regiments of Light Horse in this Colony, as well as of a Battallion of Foot coming to your Assistance, that he may put a stop to their March.
The Utmost possible Dispatch in compleating and forwarding the other Troops ordered to your Assistance will be used. I am, with great Truth and Regard Your Excellency’s Most Obedt Humble Servant

Jonth. Trumbull


Title: To George Washington from Colonel James Clinton, 4 July 1776
From: Clinton, James
To: Washington, George

May it Please Your Excellency
Fort Constitution [N.Y.] July 4th 1776

The Articles Sent by Capt. Palmer for the Use of Fort Montgomery & this place I have Recd with both Your Letters and Agreable to Directions Sent an Officer to Look for Mrs Thompson who Soon found her She is verye willing to go Down and You may Expect her the first Opportunity.
We are makeing all the Preparations we Possibly Can to give our Enemy a Proper Reception in Case they Should Attempt to Come Up the River though I am sorry we are not better Provided but will Do all that Lies in my Power to Oppose them I have Sent Officers through Ulster Dutches and Albany to Procure Arms & Lead for the Regt but as they have not Returned yet I Dont know what Luck they have had (the Armourers will Soon be at work) You will See by the Inclosed Return that there is Some of Genl Scots Brigade has Joined me but they are without Powder & Ball & a few without arms but I have Sent An Officer back to Desire the Coll of the Millitia to Procure arms for those that are Deficient.

we want Carriages for 6 & 9 Pounders or wheels for them if they Could be Spared from New York but if not we must make them as well as we Can—we Shall want about 1000 Wt of Iron of Diferent Dimensions for Carriages and Balls of Different Sizes for Small Arms & Lead with A Bullet Mould if it is to be had all which we would be Glad wast Sent Up by Majr Rensalare.
I wrote Sometime ago to the Provincial Congress Requesting them to Appoint Doctr Peter Tappen from Poughkeepsie & Vanderlyn his Prentice to be Surgeon & Mate to My Regt but I have Recd no Answer Yet we are much in want of a Doctr as we have had none here Since I Joined the Regt. I have wrote to Doctr Tappen to be Ready to Come here at the first Notice in Case the Congress Approves of him as I make no Doubt they will. I am Your Excellencys Most Obedt Humble Sert

James Clinton Coll


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 4 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
New York July the 4th 1776

This will be handed you by Col. Stevenson whom I have ordered with the captains of the Two Rifle Companies from Maryland to wait on Congress. they will point out such measures as they conceive most likely to advance the raising of the New Rifle Battallion and the persons they think worthy of promotion that have served in the three Companies here agreable to the Inclosed List. I am not acquainted with them myself, but from their report and recommendation, which I doubt not to be just, and that If Congress will please to enquire of them, they will mention other proper persons for Officers.
Only about Forty of the three old Companies have reinlisted, which I shall form into one for the present and place under an Officer or two, till a further and compleat Arrangement is made of the whole Battallion. I have the Honr to be with great Estm Sir Yr Most Obed. Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to John Hancock, 4–5 July 1776
From: Washington, George
To: Hancock, John

Sir
New York July the 4th[–5] 1776

When I had the honor to address you on the 30th Ulto, I transmitted a Copy of a Letter I had received from a Gentleman, a member of the Honble Genl Court, suggesting the improbability of Succours coming from thence in any reasonable time either for the defence of this place, or to reinforce our Troops engaged in the Canada expedition. I am sorry to Inform

you that from a variety of Intelligence his apprehensions appear to be just, & to be fully confirmed. Nor have I reason to expect but that the supplies from the other two Governmts, Connecticut and New Hampshire, will be extremely slow and greatly deficient in number. As It now seems beyond question and clear to demonstration, that the Enemy mean to direct their Operations and bend their most vigorous efforts against this Colony, and will attempt to unite their Two Armies, that under Genl Burgoyne and the one Arrived here, I cannot but think the expedient proposed by that Gentn is exceedingly just, and that the Continental Regiments now in the Massachussets Bay should be immediately called from thence, and be employed where there is the strongest reason to beleive their aid will be indispensably necessary. The expediency of the measure I shall submit to the consideration of Congress, and will only Observe as my Opinion, that there is not the most distant prospect of an attempt being made where they now are by the Enemy, and If there should, that the Militia that can be assembled upon the shortest notice will be more than equal to repell It. they are well armed, resolute and determined, and will Instantly oppose any Invasion that may be made in their Own Colony.
I shall also take the liberty again to request Congress to Interest themselves in having the Militia raised and forwarded with all possible expedition as fast as any considerable number of ’em can be collected, that are to compose the Flying Camp. This I mentioned in my Letter Yesterday, but think proper to repeat It, being more & more convinced of the necessity. The Camp will be in the Neighbourhood of Amboy and I shall be glad that the Conventions or Comittees of Safety of those Governments from whence they come, may be Requested to give me previous notice of their marching, that I may form some plan and direct provision to be made for their reception. The disaffection of the people at that place and others not far distant, is exceedingly great, and unless It is checked and overawed, It may become more general and be very alarming. The arrival of the Enemy will encourage It. They or at least a part of them are already landed on Staten Island which is quite contiguous, & about Four thousand were marching about It Yesterday as I have been advised, and are leaving no Arts unessayed to gain the Inhabitants to their side, who seem but too favourably disposed.

It is not unlikely that in a little time they may attempt to cross to the Jersey side and Induce many to Join ’em either from motives of Interest or fear, unless there is a force to oppose ’em.
As we are fully convinced that the Ministerial Army we shall have to oppose this Campaign, will be great and numerous, and well know that the utmost Industry will be used as It already has been, to excite the Savages and every body of people to Arms against us whom they can Influence, It certainly behoves us to strain every nerve to counteract their designs; I would therefore submit It to Congress whether, especially as our Schemes for employing the Western Indians do not seem to be attended with any great prospect of success from General Schuyler’s Accounts, It may not be advisable to take measures to engage those of the Eastward, the St Johns, Nova Scotia Pennobscot &c. in our favor. I have been told that several might be got, perhaps five or Six hundred or more, readily to Join us. If they can, I should immagine It ought to be done—It will prevent our Enemies from securing their friendship, and further they will be of Infinite service in annoying & harrassing them, should they ever attempt to penetrate the Country. Congress will be pleased to consider the measure, and If they determine to adopt It, I concieve It will be necessary to authorize and request the Genl Court of the Massachussets Bay to carry It into execution. their situation and advantages will enable ’em to negociate a Treaty and an alliance, better than It can be done by any persons else.
I have been honoured with your two favors of the 1st Instant, and agreable to the wishes of Congress shall put monsieur Wiebert in the best place I can to prove his Abilities in the Art he professes. I shall send him up immediately to the Works erecting towards Kings Bridge under the direction of Genl Mifflin whom I shall request to employ him.
I this moment received a Letter from Genl Greene an Extract of which I have Inclosed. The Intelligence It contains is of the most Important nature and evinces the necessity of the most spirited and vigorous exertions on our part—The expectation of the fleet under Admiral Howe is certainly the reason the Army already come, has not begun their Hostile Operations—When that arrives we may look for the most Interesting events & such as in all probability will have considerable weight in the present contest. It behoves us to be prepared in the best manner,

and I submit It again to Congress, whether the Accounts given by these prisoners do not shew the propriety of calling the Several Continental Regiments from the Massachussets Government, raising the flying Camp with all possible dispatch and Engaging the Eastern Indians.
July 5 General Mercer arrived here on Tuesday and the next Morning was ordered to Paulus Hook to make some Arrangements of the Militia as they come in and the best disposition he could to prevent the Enemy crossing from Staten Island, If they should have any such views—The distressed situation of the Inhabitants of Eliza. Town & New Ark has since Induced me upon their Application to give up all the Militia from the Jerseys, except those engaged for Six months. I am hope full they will be able to repell any Incursions that may be attempted. Genls Mercer & Livingston are concerting plans for that purpose. By a Letter from the latter last night, I am Informed the Enemy are throwing up small works at All the passes on the North side of Staten Island, which It is probable they mean to secure. None of the Connecticut Militia are yet arrived, so that the reinforcement we have received, is very inconsiderable.
A Letter from Genl Schuyler with sundry Inclosures of which No. 1. 2 & 3 are exact Copies this moment came to hand and will no doubt claim, as It ought to do, the immediate attention of Congress—The evils which must Inevitably follow a disputed command are too obvious & alarming to admit a moments delay in your decision thereupon, And altho I do not presume to advise in a matter now of this delicacy, yet as It appears evident that the Northern Army has retreated to Crown point and mean to act upon the defensive only, I cannot help giving It as my Opinion, that One of the Major Genls in that Quarter would be more usefully employed here, or in the flying Camp, than there: For It becomes my duty to Observe If another experienced Officer is taken from hence in order to command the flying Camp, that your Grand Army will be entirely stripped of Generals who have seen service, being in a manner already destitute of such. My distress on this Account—the Appointmt of Genl Whitcomb to the Eastern Regiments—A Conviction in my own breast that no Troops will be sent to Boston and the certainty of a number coming to this place, occasioned my postponing from time to time sending any Genl Officer from hence to the Eastward

heretofore, and now I shall wait the Sentiments of Congress relative to the Five Regiments in Massachussets Bay before I do anything in this matter.
The Commissary Genl has been with me this morning concerning the other matter contained in Genl Schuylers Letter respecting the business of that departmt—He has I beleive in order to remove difficulties, recalled Mr Avery, but seems to think It necessary in that case that Mr Livingston should be left to himself as he cannot be responsible for persons not of his own Appointment. this matter should also be clearly defined by Congress—I have already given my Opinion of the necessity of these matters being under one Genl direction in so full & clear a manner, that I shall not take up the time of Congress to repeat It in this place. I have the Honor to be with great Esteem Sir Y. Obd. Sert

Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from John Hancock, 4 July 1776
From: Hancock, John
To: Washington, George

Sir,
Philadelphia July 4th 1776.

The enclosed Resolves, to which I must beg Leave to refer your Attention, will inform you of the Steps Congress have taken to establish the flying Camp. To the unhappy Confusions, that have prevailed in this Colony, must principally be ascribed the Delays that have hitherto attended that salutary Measure. However I flatter myself Things will now take a different Turn, as the Contest to keep Possession of Power is now at an

End, and a new Mode of Government, equall to the Exigencies of our Affairs will be adopted, agreeable to the Recommendation of Congress to the United Colonies.
I am directed to request you will appoint a proper officer for the Command of the flying Camp, and also persons to supply them with Rations.
I have wrote to the severall Committees, and press’d them to forward their Troops with the utmost Dispatch. I have the honour to be with perfect Esteem, Sir Your most Obedt Servt

John Hancock Presidt


Title: From George Washington to Matthew Griswold, 4 July 1776 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Griswold, Matthew

Letter not found: to Matthew Griswold, 4 July 1776. Griswold’s letter to GW of 25 June is docketed in part “Answered 4th July.”


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General William Livingston, 4 July 1776 [letter not found]
From: Livingston, William
To: Washington, George

Letter not found: from Brigadier General William Livingston, 4 July 1776 (first letter). GW began his letter to Livingston of 5 July: “Your Favour of the 4th came safely to hand,” and near the end he wrote: “another of your Favours came to my Hands informing me that the Enemy have thrown up two small Breast Works on the Cause way from the Point.” The second letter is Livingston’s letter of this date.