Title: From George Washington to John Brooks, 19 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Brooks, John,Butler, Zebulon

                             April 19th 1782

                        The Commander in Chief submits the papers accompanying this, containing the case of Capt. Joshua Huddy lately
                            hanged within the County of Monmouth in N. Jersey State, by a party of the Enemy, to the consideration of the Genl
                            officers & Commandg officers of Brigades & Regiments—And thereupon requests from them, separately and in Writing a
                            direct and laconic Reply to the following Queries. Vizt.
                        1st Upon the State of Facts in the above Case, is Retaliation justifiable & expedient?

                            John Brooks Yes.

                            Zebulon Butler yes it is.

                            John Crane The facts having been fully proved, Retaliation in my Opinion ought to take place.

                            Tobias Fernald Retaliation is Justifiable from principles of Policy and Justice and ought to
                            take place.

                            Ebenezer Gray Retaliation is both Expedient and Justifiable.

                            John Greaton Retaliation is justifiable & expedient.

                            Thomas Grosvenor It is justifiable & expedient.

                            William Heath Yes.

                            Robert Howe Retaliation is justifiable and expedient.

                            William Hull Retalliation is justifiable and expedient.

                            Henry Jackson Retaliation is expedient and justifiable.

                            Michael Jackson Yes.

                            James Keith Yes.

                            Ezra Newhall Retalliaton is justifiabel and expedant.

                            William Shepard Iin the Present Case Retaliation is absolutely Necessary.

                            Isaac Sherman Retaliation is justifyable & expedient.

                            Calvin Smith Am of opinion that it is.

                            Ebenezer Sprout It is.

                            Baron von Steuben In the present case—Retaliation is certainly justifiable—and is founded on the
                            Law of Nations and on the Customs of War.

                            Heman Swift on the State of facts I think retaliation Justifiable and Expedient.

                            Elijah Vose It is.

                            Samuel Blatchley Webb It is—in my opinion absolutely necessary.

                            Theodore Woodbridge Retaliation is Justifiable and necessary.

                            John P. Wyllys Both justifiable and expedient.
                        2d If justifiable, Ought it to take place immediately? Or should a previous Representation be made to Sir
                            Henry Clinton & Satisfaction be demanded from him?

                            John Brooks The latter.

                            Zebulon Butler Representation to be made and Satisfaction to be demanded.

                            John Crane A Representation should be made to Sir H. Clinton and Satisfaction demanded from him.

                            Tobias Fernald It ought to take place immediatily as the whole of the British Army have doubtless
                            been acquainted with the Resolves of Congress respecting Retalliation.

                            Ebenezer Gray To take place immediately and then a representation to be made to Sir Henry
                            Clinton.

                            John Greaton A representation to Sr Henry Clinton and satisfaction demanded.

                            Thomas Grosvenor A previous Representation made & satisfaction demanded.

                            William Heath Representation should be made and satisfaction demanded.

                            Robert Howe A representation and demand of satisfaction should first be made because humanity revolts
                            at the idea of punishing the innocent for those acts committed by the guilty, until warranted by absolute necessity. Until
                            the satisfaction therefore is demanded and refused the necessity does not exist—After that, the law of nations will
                            warrant, and the good of the service dictates that the sacrifice of an individual ought to be considered only as an
                            offering to the common cause.

                            William Hull A previous Representation ought to be made to Sir Henry Clinton and satisfaction
                            demanded.

                            Henry Jackson A previous Representation be made to Sir Henry Clinton, & satisfaction be demanded
                            from him.

                            Michael Jackson The latter.

                            James Keith If Justifiable it ought to take place immediately without Representing it to Sir H.
                            Clinton.

                            Ezra Newhall Representation to Sir Harri Clitton shall be made.

                            William Shepard but not to take Place Imediately but sattisfaction first to be Demanded from Sir
                            Henry Clinton.

                            Isaac Sherman A previous representation to be made to Sr H. Clinton and satisfaction demanded.

                            Calvin Smith That a previous representation be made to Sir Hy Clinton & satisfaction demanded
                            from him for the murder of Capt. Huddy.

                            Ebenezer Sprout A previous representation to be made to Sr Harry Clinton and satisfaction demanded.

                            Baron von Steuben It however appears to me not necessary to carry it into execution until Sir Henry
                            Clinton has declared what Satisfaction he will give.

                            Heman Swift I think its best a previous representation  be made to  H. Clinton and
                            Satisfaction be Demanded from him.

                            Elijah Vose Previous representation may be made to Sir H. Clinton & satisfaction Demanded from
                            him immediately.

                            Samuel Blatchley Webb A spirited representation should be made, and immediate sattisfaction
                            Demanded, Had it have been in the power of the Inhabitants to have immediately Executed a British Officer of equal Rank,
                            without any representation, It would in my opinion have been perfectly Justifiable, both by the Laws of God and Man.

                            Theodore Woodbridge A previous representation to be made and satisfaction demanded.

                            John P. Wyllys A previous representation to be made, and satisfaction demanded.

                        3d In Case of Representation & Demand, who should be the person or persons to be required?

                            John Brooks Captain Lippincot, if he commanded the party, who executed Capt. Huddy, or, if he did not,
                            the officer who did.

                            Zebulon Butler The Persons Who Executed Capt. Huddy.

                            John Crane The Commanding Officer of the Party that hanged Capt. Huddy.

                            Tobias Fernald should the Majority be for a representation, an Officer of the same Rank and an equal
                            Department.

                            John Greaton The person who Commanded at the Execution of Capt. Huddy (if of equal Rank) if not a
                            number equivalent.

                            Thomas Grosvenor The Person Commanding the Party who executed Capt. Huddy with such an additional
                            Number of that Party as will amount to his Rank agreable to the Tariff of Exchange.

                            William Heath Captain Lippincott.

                            Robert Howe The persons concerned, if they acted independently, and are to be had; if not, an officer
                            of equal rank.

                            William Hull The principal Agent, or agents, who were concerned in the Murder of Capt. Huddy.

                            Henry Jackson Capt. Lippincot.

                            Michael Jackson The officer who commanded the Party at the Execution of Capt. Huddy if a Capt., if
                            not an equivalent Number, to be determined on the Principles of Exchange.

                            Ezra Newhall the person to be demanded one of the same Rank of huday.

                            William Shepard The Person or Persons who Commanded the Party and ordered Captain Huddy to be Excecuted—to be Demanded.

                            Isaac Sherman The officer with a proper number of the party who murderd Captain Uddy.

                            Calvin Smith The officer, or party who perpetrated the act.

                            Ebenezer Sprout The Commanding offr of the party who Executed Capt. Huddy If of Equal Rank If
                            not a sufficient number of the party to be deem’d an equivalent.

                            Baron von Steuben The Commanding Officer of the party that Executed Captain Huddy is certainly the
                            person who should be demanded to suffer the same Death at the same place where the Murder was committed.

                            Heman Swift the officer that Commanded the party that Executed him if he be of equal rank.

                            Elijah Vose The person that Commanded the party that executed Capt. Huddy or such a NO. of them
                            as may be though equivalent.

                            Samuel Blatchley Webb Richard Lippincott, appears to have been the Man, under whose orders Capt. Huddy
                            was conducted to the place of Execution—probably from choice, ’tis therefore I think he & as many of the party with
                            him, equivalent to the Rank of Capt. Huddy ought to be demanded.

                            Theodore Woodbridge The person commanding the party which excuted Capt. Huddy with such an
                            additional number of that party as will amount to the rank of Capt. Huddy agreeable to the settld mode of exchange.

                            John P. Wyllys The person who commanded the party which executed Capt. Huddy; together with such an
                            additional number of that party as will amount to the Rank of Capt. Huddy, agreable to the Tariff of Exchange.

                        4 In case of Refusal & Retaliation becomg necessary, of what Discription shall the officer be on whom it
                            is to take place; & how shall he be designated for the purpose?

                            John Brooks A Captain of british Levies, if any one of this discription should be a prisoner—otherwise a british Captain, whose capture was unconditional, or if neither should be in our hands, any british Captain,
                            whether taken by Capitulation or otherwise, upon whom a lot shall fall. In the first & second case, should there be a
                            plurality, a lot to determine the object.

                            Zebulon Butler A British Capt. Prisoner of War to be Determined by Lot.

                            John Crane Taken by lot from the Captains in the British troops who were made prisoners at York Town.

                            Tobias Fernald of equal Rank in every respect.

                            Ebenezer Gray A Brittish Officier of equal Rank, to be determined by Lott.

                            John Greaton A British Capt. who is a prisoner, (if we have such a one) if not, one that was taken at
                            York Town; which shall be taken by Lot.

                            Thomas Grosvenor A British Captain Prisoner of War to be taken by Lot.

                            William Heath A british captain—a prisoner of war, not under convention or particular capitulation,
                            to be taken by lot, if more than one is at the same place, of the Rank of Captain—The lot to be drawn by an indifferent
                            person If no prisoner of war is to be found, a captain under capitulation to be taken as above.

                            Robert Howe Was mere ettiquette to be attended to, a prisoner taken by storm, as captain Huddy is
                            supposed to have been, of equal rank and of the refugee tribe might be the object; but as the refugees are merely
                            puppets, danced upon british wires, act as they move them, are considered only as implements by them—and as probably they
                            are not very mindful of them after their own purposes are accomplished—this should not be too much attended to.
                            Retaliation is an act of a very solemn nature, relates only to future circumstances, & cannot recall the past, is
                            intended to awe into rectitude those who in past time had set all moral sanctions at defiance, it perhaps should fall
                            where it will best effect this purpose. Some attention, it is true, ought to be paid to conventions and capitulations; but
                            even in those cases, to discriminate too nicely, would under present circumstances, be to injure service. And I repeat,
                            that an officer of equal rank, of any line, if the particular perpetrators are not to be had, becomes a just victim; and I
                            think it would be best to determine upon whom the lot should fall, by ballot.

                            William Hull If there are any british Officers, of equal Rank with Capt. Huddy, in our Possession,
                            who are unconditional Prisoners of War, a certain number should be selected, out of which one should be fixed on by Lot
                            and executed. If not the necessity of Retaliation is so great, that a Number of british Officers under the Capitulation
                            of York town ought to be selected, and one determined on as above.

                            Henry Jackson If there are any British Officers of equal Rank with Capt. Huddy, in our possession,
                            who are unconditional Prisoners of War, a certain number should be selected out of which one should be fixed on by Lot, and
                            executed. If not a number of British Officers under the capitulation of york-town ought to be selected and one determined
                            on as above.

                            Michael Jackson British Captains who are Prisoners of War if in our Possession, to be determined by
                            lot, If we have none of this Discription, those who were taken by Capitulation to be determined in the same Manner.

                            James Keith An Officer of equal Rank one who is a prisoner of war.

                            Ezra Newhall an officer of the same Rank in the britsh service, and to be taken by lot.

                            William Shepard In Case of a rifusal a Captain who is under Capitulation as a Prisoner of war—if we
                            have no such—one of those British Captains who was Taken at york Town.

                            Isaac Sherman If retaliation becomes necessary a British officer of the same rank with Captain Uddy—preference to be given to one who is unconditionally a prisoner of war if one of this description is in our possession—if not, a British officer taken at York Town to be determined by lot.

                            Calvin Smith An Officer of the rank of Capt. in the refugee corps—if attainable; if not, one of
                            equal rank belonging to any other, and in our possession.

                            Ebenezer Sprout A British prisoner of war of Equal Rank—If none, of Convention or by Capitulation to
                            be taken by Lot on whom It is to take place.

                            Baron von Steuben In case of refusal—a British Captain & not a Refugee, should be executed—To
                            oblige the British Commander in Chief to keep the Band of Refugees in better order.

                            Heman Swift A British officer of the Same rank that is a Prisoner of War—if there is non of that
                            Description—one to be taken from those taken at york town by Lot.

                            Elijah Vose such a NO. of British Officers prisoners of War, or from the convention Troops of
                            equal rank, as may be thought necessary for that purpose shall take a lot which one of them is to be executed.

                            Samuel Blatchley Webb In case of refusal, I think it Just and necessary, that some one British
                            Captain who is an unconditionable Prisoner of War, should be Executed by way of Retalliation for the cruel &
                            unprecedented Murder of Capt. Huddy.

                            Theodore Woodbridge A British Capt. prisoner of War to be taken by lot.

                            John P. Wyllys A British Captain, prisoner of War—taken by Lot.


Title: General Orders, 20 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To:

                            Head Quarters Newburgh April 20th 82.
                            Parole.
                            C. Signs.

                        The regimental pay masters are to apply to the Assistant Clothier Genl for such a number of shoes as are
                            actually wanting in the several regiments the Strictest Oeconomy must be made use of in this necessary Article.
                        The Armourers and men who have been employed in making Cartridges under the direction of the Commandant of
                            Artillery are to be still continued in that service—No artificer from the line is to be retaind by the Quarter Master of
                            West Point, except he first obtains a certificate from the Commanding officer of the Garrisons that such an Artificer is
                            absolutely requisite for such a particular purpose, in which case Major General Heath will be pleased to give the
                            necessary order for a limitted time only.


Title: To George Washington from William Heath, 20 April 1782
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General,
                            Highlands April 20. 1782.

                        Inclosed is a report of the committee appointed a few days since to survey the provisions which were
                            represented to be bad, when the whole was overhauled. It appears by the report, that a part of that which was represented
                            to be bad, is good; but it is in a state which will soon grow worse if it is not issued. That which is condemned will also
                            grow worse the longer it remains—some of it is already nauseous, and the season is daily growing warmer. I had the honor
                            to write your Excellency the 6th instant on the subject. The whole is submitted for your Excellency’s direction. I have
                            the honor to be, With the highest respect, Your Excellency’s Most obedient servant,

                            W. Heath

                     Enclosure

                                South Redoubt April 20th 1782

                            We the Subscribers being appointed a Committee in Genl orders to Inspect into some Provisions at the
                                Magazine at West Point and the several Redoubts in the vicinity thereof that was said to be damaged, do Report as
                                follows Vizt.
                            Places where foundNo. Barrells BeefNo. Barrells PorkNo. Barrells ShaddTotal No. BarrellsGoodBadGoodBadgoodBadAt the Magazine2547381215110Fort Putnam“31“““4Redoubt No. 1“7““1“8do No. 2“3“““36do No. 3“1”“““1do No. 4“2““““2North Redoubt“16““““16South Redoubt“10““““10Total2589481318157The above provisions which we call bad we do adjudge unfit to be Issued. Vizt one hundred &
                                fifteen Barrells in the whole bad.

                                Committee
                                James Keith Majr
                                James Morris Capt.
                                Saml Henley Captn


Title: To George Washington from William Irvine, 20 April 1782
From: Irvine, William
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Fort Pitt April the 20th 1782

                        I arrived here the 25th March, at that time things were in greater confusion, than can well be conceived; The
                            Country people were to all appearance in a fit of phrensy; about three hundred had Just returned from the Moravian Towns,
                            where they found about ninety Men, Women & Children, all of whom they put to death, tis said after cool
                            deliberation and considering the matter for three days—the whole were collected into their Church, and tied when singing
                            Hymns—On their return a party came and attacked a few Delaware Indians, who have yet remained with us on a small Island
                            close by this garrison, killed two, who had Captains Commissions in our service, and several others, the remainder
                            effected their escape into the Fort, except two who ran to the Woods, & have not since been heard off—There was an
                            officers guard on the Island at the same time, but he either did not do his duty, or his Men connived at the thing, which
                            I am not yet able to ascertain—this last outrage was committed the day before I arrived, nothing of this nature has been
                            attempted since, a number of wrong headed men had conceived an opinion that Colonel Gibson was a friend to Indians, and
                            that he must be killed also, These transactions added to the then Mutinous disposition of the Regular Troops had nearly
                            brought on the loss of this whole Country—I am confident if this Post was evacuated, the bounds of Canada would be
                            extended to the Laurel hill in a few weeks—I have the pleasure however to inform your Excellency that things now wear a
                            more favourable auspect. The Troops are again reduced to obedience, and I have had a meeting or convention of the County
                            Lieutenants & several Field officers, with whom I have made arrangements for defending their frontiers, and who
                            promise to exert themselves in drawing out the Militia agreeable to law on my requisitions—The few remaining Indians,
                            chiefly Women and Children are exceeding troublesome to us, as they dare not stir out of the Fort, not one of the Wariors
                            will even venture on a Reconnoitring party. I think they would be better in some more interior part of the Country where
                            they could be both cheaper fed & Cloathed, beside it is not only inconvenient but improper to have them among the
                            Troops who are without them crouded in dirty bad Barracks, I beg your Excellencys Instructions how to dispose of
                            them—Their Chief Killbuck has a Son, and Brother at Princetown College who he is anxious to see, Captain Springer of the
                            Virginia line, marched some time since with three Indians & as many White Men, towards Sanduskey for the purpose
                            of gaining intelligence; but the Indians proved too timid for him to venture to go all the way—he of course returned
                            without being able to accomplish any thing. I thought it too great a risque, but it was by his request and that of the
                            Indians, who were very solicitous; It was proven on One of the party—named Eells, that he intended
                            betraying Captain Springer and all the party into the hands of the Enemy—I directed a Board of officers to enquire into
                            his conduct, who were of opinion he should suffer death. I ordered him Executed he was shot the 12th instant, seemingly
                            much to the satisfaction of the other Indians.
                        Civil authority is by no means properly established in this Country which I doubt proceeds in some degree
                            from inattention in the Executives of Virginia and Pennsylvania, not running the boundary line is I think a proof of this,
                            which is at present an excuse for neglects of duty of all kinds, for at least twenty miles on each side the line—more
                            evils will arise from this neglect than people are aware of—Emigrations and new States are much talked off—advertisements
                            are set up anouncing a day to assemble at Wheeling for all who wish to become members of a new State, on Muskingham—a
                            Certain Mr Johnson is at the head of this party he is ambitious, restless, and some say disaffected, most people however
                            agree he is open to curruption he has been in England since the commencement of the present War—Should these people
                            actually emigrate they must be either entirely cut off or immediately take protection from the British—which I fear is the
                            real design of some of the party tho I think a great majority have no other views than to acquire lands—As I apprehended
                            taking cognisance of these matters would come best from the Civil, I have written to the Governors of Virginia &
                            Pennsylvania on the subject, which I should not have done, till I had first acquainted your Excellency thereof, but for
                            this consideration, Viz. that the 20th of May is the day appointed for the emigrants to Rendezvous consequently a
                            representation from you would be too late—in case the States should think proper to take measures to prevent them. I am
                            much embarrassed by the scanty & irregular supply of Provision, I intend to write Mr Morris on this head. I have
                            the honor to be Sir Your Excellencys Most Obedient Humble Servant

                             Wm Irvine

                     Enclosure

                                    c.20 April 1782

                            Report of the arrangement & disposition of Troops in the Western District
                            Forts Pitt and McIntosh garrisoned by Regular Troops to Patrol between—& from Fort Pitt some
                                distance up the Aliganey River.
                            Westmoreland County to keep in Actual Service—65 Militia—to be formed into two Companies—under a Field
                                officer—Not to occupy any Stationary Post, but to be kept constantly ranging along the frontier from the Aliganey
                                River to the Laurel Hill.
                            Washington County to keep 160 Militia in Actual Service—formed into four Ranging Companies under two
                                Field Officers—to scour along the Ohio, from Montaurs Bottom to Wheeling—thence some distance, along the Southern
                                frontier.
                            The Lieutenants of the Countys in Virginia, make various excuses, & pretences for, their not
                                being able to get out Militia—particularly, that they have not received Instructions from Government for this purpose,
                                and that they do not know their line—I have however written to the Governor on this subject.

                                Wm Irvine B: Genl


Title: From George Washington to Henry Knox, 20 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Knox, Henry,Morris, Gouverneur

                            Gentlemen
                            Head Quarters Newburgh April 20th 1782

                        I have been favored with your Letter of the 16th of April by General Forman.
                        Convinced, from the state of facts which has been exhibited to me, that justice, expediency &
                            necessity require satisfaction should be obtained for the Murder of Captain Huddy; I have in the first instance made a
                            representation to Sir Henry Clinton & demanded that the Officer who commanded the Party, or if he was not a
                            Captain, such a number of the Agents in the execution as are equal by Tariff to that rank, should be delivered up to
                            condign punishment. In case of refusal I have formed the resolution that Retaliation shall take place upon a British
                            Officer of equal Rank. It therefore remains with the Enemy alone to prevent this distressing alternative; for having
                            formed my opinion upon the most mature reflection and deliberation, I can never recede from it. I have the honor to be
                            Gentlemen Your Most Obedt Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Benjamin Lincoln, 20 April 1782
From: Lincoln, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            War office April 20. 1782

                        I have been honored with your letters of 10 & 12. instant—The former I shew to the Clothier General
                            to whom Mr Morris has committed the care of purchasing the articles of clothing requisite to compleat the Troops—He will
                            write you fully on the Subject and his report will render any relation of mine unnecessary.
                        I think it is very unfortunate for us that we have nothing at this late hour which will point us to the
                            objects of the Campaign. we are here totally destitute of that information which can give light in the matter, I think
                            therefore as your Excellency justly observes that we should be provided for the worst as far as is in our power. I have
                            the Honor to be my Dr Genl wth sincere esteem your Excellency most obt servant

                            B. Lincoln


Title: To George Washington from Philip John Schuyler, 20 April 1782
From: Schuyler, Philip John
To: Washington, George

                            Dear Sir
                            Albany April 20th 1782

                        On the 19th I was honored with Your Excellency’s favor of the 15th Instant, I shall with great pleasure
                            execute the business you request, assoon as Mr Duer returns from Rhynbeck, which I learn will be in a few days.
                        I have examined Bettys who was taken Charged with a letter supposed for Sir Henry Clinton, his information
                            is, "That he left St Johns on the 15th ult:—that Generals Haldimand, Bedsill and Clark where there when he left it; that
                            General Haldimand deliver’d him the letter which was found on him, and charged him with a verbal message to Sir Henry
                            Clinton purporting, that the former Intended to penetrate the Country thro Vermont, and hoped with the assistance of the
                            Vermontese to burn albany and wished Sir Henry to make a diversion in his favor by moving up Hudsons river about the tenth
                            of August."
                        Whatever may be the Intention of the Enemy, such a communicate to a character like the Informant appears to
                            me utterly Improbable, he adds "that timber has been collected at St Johns to construct batteaux with, that an hundred and
                            fifty new ones were to be built, that about 120 are now those repairable, that all the Shipping were ordered to be repaired" I have It thro another channel that a
                            Small quantity of timber is collected at Sorrel for building Batteaus, and that some boards are brought to St Johns to
                            repair damaged boats, this is the more probable account, as Bettys number would be Sufficient to convey twelve thousand
                            men with 60 days provision across lake Champlain, and the Enemy cannot surely have in contemplation an operation that
                            would require half that force; he Continues "that he does not know the military force in canada, but computes as follows,
                            at St Johns and dependencies the 33d Regiment and Rogers Rangers together about 650—at Chamble two Companies, at montreal
                            3 Companies, at Carleton Island of Sir John Johnstons Regiment about 400, of ditto at La Salle the one Company, at Trois
                            Rivier a Regiment, at Sorrel two Companies, and about twelve hundred men at Quebec and the environs—that the provincial
                            corps are included In the above, that no Indians are kept at St Johns, that St Leger had not above fourty with him when
                            at Ticonderoga last fall, That Canadiens are employed as Carpenters Batteaumen &c., but none Inlisted as Soldiers;
                            That about two hundred Carpenters and axmen have been employed since October last in procuring ship
                            timber on the banks of Lake Champlain, which is to be sent to Quebec; and probably from thence to Europe" They have for
                            three years past carryed on that business by a company of merchants; "That a constant Intercourse has prevailed between
                            Governor Haldimand & Governor Chetten since the fall before last, That he has been employed in carrying letters
                            between them, that a diversity of opinion prevails amongst the british officer respecting Vermont, some asserting that
                            they are earnestly engaged in the british Interest, whilst others declare their Negociation tends only to demure, and that Chettendon acts probably under your Excellency’s direction to answer your purposes, and
                            prevent them from disturbing your operations in other quarters" to this he has added the names of several who harbour
                            emissaries from Canada, and communicate Intelligence, but as his Information is given in the hopes of a pardon, altho not
                            the least kind of promise has been made him, great allowances must be made, Indeed I am persuaded he blends much faleshood
                            with some truth.
                        I have sent for a person lately from Canada who I am informed is Intelligent, whatever he communicates worthy
                            your attention shall be transmitted.
                        Mrs Schuyler Joins me in our best wishes, and Intreaties for the honor of a visit from you & your
                            lady, the season will soon be agreable, the Conveyance Easy and several of the vessels on the river Commodious, I am Dear
                            Sir with the most perfect regard & Esteem Your Excellency’s affectionate Hume Servt

                            Ph: Schuyler


Title: From George Washington to Henry Clinton, 21 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, Henry

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters April 21st 1782

                        The inclosed representation from the Inhabitants of the County of Monmouth, with testimonials to the facts,
                            which can be coroborated by other unquestionable evidence, will bring before your Excellency the most wanton,
                            unprecedented, & inhuman Murder that ever disgraced the arms of a civilized People.
                        I shall not, because I conceive it altogether unnecessary, trouble your Excellency with any animadversion
                            upon this transaction. Candor obliges me to be explict. To save the innocent, I demand the guilty—Captain Lippingcot,
                            therefore or the officer who commanded at the execution of Captain Huddy must be given up; or, if that Officer was of
                            inferior rank to him, so many of the perpetrators, as will, according to the Tariff of Exchange be an Equivalent.
                        To do this will mark the justice of your Excellency’s Character—in failure of it, I shall hold myself
                            justifiable in the Eyes of God & Man for the measure to which I shall resort.
                        I beg your Excellency to be perswaded that it cannot be more disagreable to you to be addressed in this
                            Language than it is to me to offer it, but the subject requires frankness and decision.
                        I have to request your speedy determination, as my resolution is suspended but for your answer. I have the
                            honor to be Sir Your Excellency’s most Obedient & most humble servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to William Heath, 21 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters Newburgh April 21st 1782

                        I am this moment favoured with your several Letters of the 18th 19th 20th Inst. and of this date—I approve of
                            your relieving Major Maxwell for the purpose you mention.
                        I fear you have not received my Letter of the 16th respecting the Contract, as I do not find it acknowledged
                            in any of Yours, I wish to be informed, and am, Dear Sir Your Most Obedt Hble Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 21 April 1782
From: Knox, Henry,Morris, Gouverneur
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Baskenridge 21 April 1782

                        As it is probable that our report of this date may after having been transmitted to Congress come before the
                            public eye, we have thought it best to give in a distinct letter the information which it may be unnecessary or improper
                            to publish.
                        Your Excellency will perceive that we had no proper opportunity of bringing forward
                            distinctly the affair of Mr Laurens. By pushing it abruptly into notice, we might have obstructed but
                            could not have forwarded your views for his release. Had our general propositions been acceded to, his exchange would have
                            followed necessarily. Had they acceded to those terms which would have satisfied us in consenting to particular
                                charges, that of Mr Laurens would have been brought forward among the foremost. In our conversation
                            with them, they appeared solicitous to know whether we were empowered to give him in exchange for Lord Cornwallis, and
                            offered on the part of Sir Henry Clinton that any proposition upon the subject should be transmitted to the British
                            ministry, who had alone the right to dispose of him as being a state prisoner. We
                            answered that our powers extended to every object of exchange. And we flatter ourselves that the
                            impressions communicated to their minds were such, that had they been permited to act, not only the
                            general business, but all particular matters would have been concluded in a satisfactory manner.
                        The board of directors, whose power your Excellency instructed us to enquire into, are we find appointed by
                            the British ministry, with whom they correspond. The ostensible design is to secure a proper treatment of such of their
                            adherents as may fall into our power, for which purpose they have the right of exchanging the prisoners
                            made by their people, and have a commissary of prisoners of their own; but are said to be restrained from treating their
                            prisoners in a manner different from those taken by the King’s Troops. The plans formed by them for expeditions are
                            submitted to the Commander in Chief, who also issues the commissions to their Officers, but upon their recommendation.
                            Although they act independently of the Commander in Chief yet they are subordinate to his authority when he thinks proper
                            to exercise it. But he is the more cautious in this exercise, because they are not upon good terms together and any
                            interference would furnish them matter of complaint to the superiors of both. We are thoroughly convinced that this board
                            and their powers are more odious and more disagreeable to the British army than thus. The disgust
                            against them among the military is general, but they have numerous adherents among the disaffected. Mutual jealousy and
                            sincere hatred have arisen and are likely to continue and increase. We are convinced that the late murder of Captain Huddy
                            was by their authority, and we have been assured by the Commissioners that they are thoroughly convinced it was without
                            the knowledge of the General. By urging this matter, your Excellency will have an opportunity of adding
                            much fuel to the fire kindled between them. Should the perpetrators of the deed be delivered up
                                (even if pardoned afterwards) the lesser agents will no longer confide in the greater, who will in
                            their turn foster the most rancorous animosity: And should a British Officer be executed in consequence of a refusal to
                            deliver up or punish the guilty, the resentments of the army will be proportionably inflamed. The dissentions we have had
                            the honor to mention are by no means confined to the board of directors and their loyal refugees, but extend also to the
                            several provincial corps, who are apprehensive of being drafted into other regiments and sent to the West Indies—an
                            apprehenison which will probably be realized.Tthe inhabitants are pretty generally disgusted with the manner of conducting
                            the war and have formed an opinion that, notwithstanding assurances to the contrary, they will be deserted by the British
                            upon the first unfavorable turn of their affairs. Of consequence they have a disposition to desert the royal cause
                            entirely, and prepare for a change by converting their property into money and
                            sending it out of the lines. This disposition we have encouraged, as by that means while we derive
                            strength and resources, the enemy will lose them tho’ imperceptibly yet effectually, and the commerce which has hitherto
                            been carried on to such extent, corrupting the people on the borders, will be greatly diminished. Indeed this commerce is
                            already at a very low ebb in one respect, although in another it still flourishes. We are well informed that the quantity
                            of goods in New York is smaller than is generally supposed, and that none are expected from Europe this season, as those
                            formerly imported are sold at a loss, which is the reason of the present illicit trade with them. We are sorry to say that
                            this trade is carried on now to a great extent, and under colour of the laws of this state—The army and navy in New York
                            are upon very bad terms together, the army the blame the navy—the navy the army—the board of directors
                            and their disciples blame both. The refugee corps, in the midst of this conflict of opinions, are in a state of
                            despondency, arising in a great degree from doubts of the treatment they will receive from us. We really believe that
                            their apprehensions from us form the only bond by which most of them are now connected with the enemy. It is unnecessary to
                            add that if hopes of pardon could be extended to this class of people, they would seize the earliest opportunity of
                            abandoning the cause they have espoused. How far this measure might be proper we will not presume to say, but we consider
                            them as very important and that it is not without some reason they boast, that but for them the British army would not be
                            able to hold any footing in the Country.
                        We complied with your Excellency’s sentiments in preventing as much as possible a communication with New
                            York—but the communications which have taken place have not been useless. There are many things which it is imprudent to
                            submit to paper, and which Colo. Smith will inform you of. Expecting that our business would sooner
                            have terminated, and finding that Captain Russell, one of the Secretaries of Sir Henry
                            Clinton had come out with his commissioners, we thought it best to detain Colo. Smith until we could make our report, and
                            we must take the liberty of refering your Excellency to him for information on many particulars. We have good reason to
                            believe that the enemy mean to object against paying for the support of the convention prisoners after
                            their detention, and that possibly they mean to dispute also paying for the prisoners of York Town. We
                            are thoroughly convinced that if a settlement cannot be obtained under the present circumstances it can never be obtained.
                            The British Commissioners repeatedly hinted that they considered the present meeting as introductory to some other in
                            which the business might be completed, and anxiously inquired our opinion whether your Excellency would not write to sir
                            Henry Clinton. We gave it as our opinion that you would not—that you had tried the methods of reason and argument, and
                            that nothing was left but coercion, the exercise of which would probably induce an application from
                            General Clinton. We were cautious throughout not to mingle any threats in our proceedings or
                            conversation, conceiving it better that the enemy should feel from power than from menaces—besides, that the apprehension
                            is greater when it is general, than when confined to any particular evil.
                        Captain Summers, who is particularly mentioned in your Excellency’s
                            instructions, is as the Commissary of prisoners informed us, at liberty we thought them mentioned of
                            any particular matters would have been injurious in the state of things at which the negotiation broke off.
                        We had, as you will perceive, mentioned the collecting our seamen at a point in the first communication, and
                            explaned ourselves fully in conversation. But the power from Admiral Digby was deficient and before the matter could come
                            regularly into view, General Clinton thought proper to put an end to all further investigation. We have the honor to be
                            with the greatest respect Your Excellency’s most obedient & humble servants

                            H. Knox
                            Gouv. Morris


Title: To George Washington from Henry Knox, 21 April 1782
From: Knox, Henry
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Baskenridge 21 April 1782.

                        I received your Excellency’s letter of the 10th instant, enclosing an extract of Governor Harrison’s letter
                            of the 23d March, respecting the brass cannon belonging to the State of Virginia. I should instantly have written to
                            General Lincoln, requesting that he would put the matter in a train of execution, but that I every day expected to set out
                            for Philadelphia, where I could explain to him with much greater precision the nature of the proposed exchange, than by
                            letter. Although my departure has been protracted much beyond my expectation, I shall endeavor on my arrival to push the
                            business, so as to make up for lost time. I am not certain, but I believe that the difference between the price of the
                            same number of pounds of metal in a small cannon is much greater than in a large one. If carriages are to be added to the
                            field pieces, the disproportion will be great. If there should be no carriages the field pieces will be of no service to
                            the state.
                        I shall stay at Philadelphia and Burlington only so long as to adjust matters for the campaign, which I shall
                            probably effect, so as to be at New Windsor previous to or by the 15th or 20th of next Month. I wish to have your
                            Excellency’s directions concerning the time and route Lamb’s regiment shall march. I think the 20th of May the utmost
                            period they ought to remain, provided we have an operation on Hudson’s river. I propose that such parts of the work which
                            may at that time be unfinished, and which will compensate the expence, shall be transported to New Windsor.
                        Early in the Winter, I instructed Colonel Crane in the strongest terms, to have every
                            thing respecting the siege artillery put in the best order possible, and to make full provision of timber, iron
                            &c. for the construction and repairing a great number of large carriages. This has been done he informs me, in a
                            degree, though not so extensively as I could wish, or as the service will probably demand. The business at Elizabeth Town
                            has unavoidably interfered with the duties of my department, but I hope by proper exertions to have all things ready for
                            service by the time they will be called for. I have the honor to be, with the greatest respect, Your Excellency’s most
                            obedient servant

                            H. Knox


Title: From George Washington to Oliver Phelps, 21 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Phelps, Oliver

                            sir
                            Head Quarters Newburgh 21st Aprl 1782

                        I have received your favr of the 19th instant.
                        A Variety of Circumstances at present operate to prevent my being able to decide the places of Deposit for
                            your Salted provisions. & as the Season & the Roads are at this Time unfavorable for their Movement, I
                            suppose, it will not be disagreeable to you that they rest at the several places where you make the purchases, until I am
                            better prepared to give you my Decision.
                        I have not yet received from Philadelphia, a Copy of your Contract; which forms an additional Reason against
                            my Deciding at this Time on the places of Deposit. I am sir Your most Obedt Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 22 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To:

                            Head Quarters Newburgh. Monday April 22. 82.
                            Parole
                            C. Signs.

                        The United States in Congress assembled having been pleased by their Proclamation dated the 19th March last
                            to appoint Thursday next the 25th Instant to be set apart as a day of Fasting humiliation and Prayr for certain special
                            purposes therein mentioned: the same is to be Observed accordingly throughout the Army, and the different Chaplains will
                            prepare Discourses Suited to the Several Objects injoin’d by the said Proclamation.


Title: From George Washington to Bryan Fairfax, 22 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Fairfax, Bryan

                            Dear Sir,
                            Newburgh Apl 22d 82

                        Your favor of the 21st Ulto, covering a letter for the present Lord Fairfax, came to my hands about Eight
                            days ago—the latter, was immediately sealed & sent into New York, with other letters which came at the sametime
                            from Colo. Martin—altho’ the good old Lord had lived to an advanced age, I feel a concern at his death. and wish the
                            partition of his Estate had been more in your favor.
                        I have received, and thank you for your former favor of the 18th of Jany—the assurances of unabated
                            friendship on your part are flattering and pleasing to me; and call for an acknowledgement—which I can make with truth—of
                            reciprocal regard on mine—It will ever give me pleasure to hear of your health & prosperity—with much esteem,
                            & sincere affection I am Dr Sir yr most Obedt Sert

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from William Heath, 22 April 1782
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General,
                            Highlands April 22. 1782

                        I was the last evening honored with yours of the 21st. I have been also honored with yours of the 16th
                            respecting the contract, and one of the 18th respecting the recruits raising in Massachusetts—I shall write lieutenant
                            colonel Badlam by the next post on the subject of the latter. I am not yet able to answer the former so fully as may be
                            necessary, and shall enquire of the commanding officers, what complaints have and do exist respecting the contracts; which
                            as soon as collected, shall be presented. I have the honor to be, With the highest respect, Your Excellency’s Most obedient
                            servant

                            W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from John Paterson, 22 April 1782
From: Paterson, John,Heath, William,Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Highlands April 22. 1782.

                        Your Excellency having been pleased in your letter to major-general Heath of the 17th instant to request our
                            opinion at what places it may be best to establish magazines of provisions for the moving army—and also what should be
                            deemed the dependencies of West-point—We beg leave to give our opinion as follows; viz.
                        Considering the contingencies of the campaign, magazines may be eligible at Fish-kill, Newburgh and New
                            Windsor—Poughkeepsie, Claverack, Great Barrington, Springfield, Hartford, (Morristown, if not too near the enemy) Trenton
                            and Philadelphia. From these, we apprehend, the moving army may be supplied in any operations or manoeuvres it may be
                            called to make.
                        The dependencies of West-point, we are of opinion, should be from Poughkeepsie to
                            Kings-ferry, inclusive; and while the army are within those limits, and detachments only are advanced below, such
                            detachments should be supplied by the contractors for the post and dependencies. We have the honor to be with the greatest respect Your Excellency’s Most Obedient Servants

                            W. Heath M. General
                            M. Howe Majr Genl
                            John Paterson B. General


Title: To George Washington from Anne-César, chevalier de La Luzerne, 22 April 1782
From: La Luzerne, Anne-César, chevalier de
To: Washington, George

                            Monsieur,
                            A Philadelphie le 22. Avril 1782.

                        Le Capitaine l’Enfant qui aura l’honneur de remettre cette Lettre à Votre Excellence est resté ici par
                            complaisance pour moi quelques jours de plus qu’il ne comptoit. Sa presence me seroit très utile pour la construction
                            d’une Salle que je fais faire afin de donner au Congrès et aux habitans de Philadelphie une fête pour celebrer la
                            naissance de Mgr le Dauphin. S’il n’est point nécéssaire à l’armée j’ose prier Votre Excellence de lui permettre de
                            retourner à Philadelphie pour un mois, mais s’il peut Vous être de quelque utilité je Vous supplie de regarder ma demande
                            comme non avenue et d’être bien persuadé des Sentimens du sincère et respectueux attachement avec lesquels j’ai l’honneur
                            d’être Monsiuer De Votre Excellence Le très humble et très obéissant Serviteur

                            Le che. de la luzerne


Title: To George Washington from Henry Lee, 22 April 1782
From: Lee, Henry
To: Washington, George

                            Westmoreland Cty 22d April 82

                        I am very sorry to trouble your Excellency on any matters of mine or of my friends, as I
                            well know the little leisure of your station. but as the case to which I beg leave to call your Excellencys attention for
                            a moment involves in it similarity those of hundreds of your officers, I trust it will sufficiently apologize for me.
                        Your Excellency must recollect, that while in the northern army my corps was often employed in the pressing
                            of private property for the services of the public by instructions from Hd quarters—In all orders there is a discretion
                            invariably given to the executing officer; in warrants of impress there is the same discretion to be exercised—Indeed such
                            is the nature of man & such the objects of his pursuit, that in public & private life there is no
                            possibility of stripping discretionary power from the delegation of authority, for if it is practicable as to the object,
                            it is not, as to the means of accomplishment.
                        A few months before the Legion was put under the command of General Greene, we were employed in collecting by
                            impress, horses in Monmouth County in New jersey, & in the back countys of Pensylvania Lt Heard was of the party
                            left to carry into execution your Excellencys commands in Monmouth County under the direction of Capt. Rudulph—He acted
                            in conformity to his orders, & received no orders but what were founded on your Excellencys instructions, &
                            my ideas of your meaning & wishes. Many stud horses were taken from the people on this occasion, necessarily
                            taken, as the inhabitants had adopted the custom of keeping stallions, in the expectation of saving them—one stud horse
                            was taken from a Mr Anderson, who put an order on application to your Excellency for his redelivery—But before the order
                            got to hand the stallion was gelded, & therefore was not received.
                        Mr Heards health being lost in the course of the last campaign, was indulged with leave of absence—On his
                            setting out for the Army he was stopped at the suit of Mr Anderson, & is to wait till August for his
                                trial. If this precedent is established, who is safe of the many servants of the public? none but
                            those,  in power. Is there a grievance more intolerable, or more opportunely
                            calculated to lay the foundation of future Commotions? I have directed Lt Heard to present this letr to
                            your Excellency, in the reliance that no circumstances can operate to prevent Your Excellencys being him the assistance, all officers look for, from their Commander in Cheif, when oppressed for the performance of duty—I have the honor to be with perfect respect your Excellencys most ob & most hum. servt

                            Henry Lee junr


Title: From George Washington to Benjamin Lincoln, 22 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Lincoln, Benjamin

                            My dear SirNewburgh 22d April 1782.

                        I have only time by Mr Eveleigh to acknowledge the rect of your private letter of the 2d & to thank you for it. The moment I am at leizure & a good oppertunity offers I shall write you more fully on the subject.Permit me to recommend the Letters herewith inclosed to your care—if no better oppertunity offers, be so good as to forward them by the first Post. Most sincerely & Affectionately I am—Yrs

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Robert Morris, 22 April 1782
From: Morris, Robert
To: Washington, George

                        Sir
                            Office of Finance Philadelphia April 22d 1782.

                        When Your Letter of the 28 Ultimo came to my Hands enclosing one from Mr John Logan the SubContracor, assigning the want of Money as the Cause of his not having been regular in the Supply of provisions to the Troops at Morris Town and Pumpton; I delivered the same to Messrs Francis and Slough the persons that contracted with me, they instantly acknowledged that so far from being kept in want of money, I had even made Advances beyond the Terms of the Contract, which was the Fact. They also declared that all the money they received was immediately delivered over to Logan and Co. Logan has since been here and acknowledges that the want of Money of which he complained, did not originate with me, nor indeed with his Principals, it rather appears to have been founded in his not understanding the Terms of the Contract; Be that as it may I could not permit it to be supposed, that I had failed in any part of my Engagements with the Contractors, and he wrote me a Letter of which No. 1 is a Copy.This Jersey Contract has been badly executed, and it appears to be oweing chiefly to the Inability of those to whom the Management is committed, when I called upon the Principals, they replyed that by the Contract the commanding Officer at the post had the remedy in his own Hands, and that if he had executed it, Logan and Thompson must have suffered the Damages, the latter say they have made Compensation to the Troops and thus the matter stands.When the Contract for the moving Army was perfected Messrs Francis and Slough came to me with an original Letter of which No. 2 is a Copy. I told them that the Contract for the moving Army would not in my apprehension interfere with that for the posts in New Jersey, that the latter related to permanent posts, and the former to temporary Posts and to Troops in motion, that if there were no permanent Posts, they would not be called upon for any Issues, and that if your Excellency should think proper to continue those Posts at Morris Town, Pumpton, Trenton or Burlington, or to establish any other Posts in New Jersey, and fix at any or all of them stationary Troops, you would give them timely Notice to provide the Supplies; but that they would not be called upon to supply Troops that are not stationed at such Posts altho they should occasionally pass and repass—There may arise some Difficulties however in this affair, and therefore, I enclose herewith a Copy of their Contract to enable you to avoid them, by such Decisions as you think consistant with Justice. I believe Messrs Francis and Slough wish to be clear of this Contract, and their Subs as far as I can learn are rather sick of it notwithstanding their Letter; which was probably written with an Intention to obtain a premium to induce them to give it up. If this was the Design they are totally mistaken. because if my Construction of what is meant by Posts be admitted, it is best for the public that they be held to it, as the rations are to be delivered cheaper than those to the moving Army.Should your Excellency be of opinion that these two Contracts will interfere so that you cannot draw a clear Line of Distinction between the Issues to be made under them, we must relinquish that of New Jersey if they will agree to it, if not, I fancy your Decisions on all Disputes will satisfy them, or if that will not do I will enter into the necessary Arbitration with them. I have the Honor to be your Excellency’s most obedient and most humble Servant

                            Robt Morris


Title: From George Washington to Jean [de] Neufville, 22 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Neufville, Jean [de]

                        Gentlemen
                            Head Quarters of the American Army April 22nd 1782

                        The very favorable sentiments you are pleased to express in your polite Letter of the 10th of August last; have added infinitely to the value of the agreeable Present you intended for me: and I wish you to be assured, that the detention of that Present by Captain Gillan, has not diminished  my sense of the obligations I am under to you—Major Jackson has explained the matter fully, and has delivered an elegant Perspective Glass calculated to be used in the day or night time. I entreat you will be pleased to accept my thanks for those marks of your regard, and believe me to be, Gentlemen Your Most Obedt and Humble Servant.


Title: To George Washington from Abraham Skinner, 22 April 1782
From: Skinner, Abraham
To: Washington, George

                        sir
                            Commissy Prisrs Office Elizabeth Town April 22d 1782

                        I am this day honored with your Letter of the 20th instt that Express with the Dispatches for Congress. The Commissioners, & Sr Henry Clinton; which shall be forwarded without delay, the Commissioners having finished their business and returned to Philadelphia.
                        I know not how Colo. Holmes cou’d assert that he acted under Authority from my Department in the making partial Exchanges—he has no such Authority from me and I have written to him on the Subject.The List of Officers who are Prisoners to us Shall be immediately transmitted agreable to your Excellency’s Wish. I am with great respect Your Excellency’s Mo. Hbl. Servt
                            Abm SkinnerCom. Gen. Pris.


Title: To George Washington from Elijah Vose, 22 April 1782
From: Vose, Elijah
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,Quarters York Huts 22d April 1782

                        In consequence of repeated Application from Lieut. Grace, of the first Massachusetts Regiment, to leave services I would beg leave to recommend to your Excellency for a discharge.  I am Sir your Excellency Most Obedt Humble servant

                            Elijah Vose Lieut. Colo. Commanding


Title: To George Washington from George Clinton, 23 April 1782
From: Clinton, George
To: Washington, George

                        Sir
                            Poughkeepsie 23d April 1782

                        It gives me great Pain to write to your Excellency on Matters concerning which I had the honor of a personal Conversation which I when I was last at Head Quarters; but as I have not yet received any answer from Congress respecting the Subsistence &c. of the Levies for the Defence of the frontiers & those rasing on bounties of unappropriated Lands, and as the ultimate period assigned for the appearance of the former at the Places of Rendezvous is near at hand, and as the Legislature were impressed with an Idea that those Troops being subject to your Excellency’s command, no Difficulties would arise as to the means of their subsistence, it may be necessary for my own Justification that I should make a more formal application on the Subject and this I flatter myself will appologize for the present Trouble. I therefore now enclose a Copy of my Orders for embodying the Levies & pointg out the Places at which they are to rendezvous, and also a Copy of the Law subjecting them to your command. Such of them as are to be raised contiguous to the frontier Settlements I have directed, as the only expedient left me, to be distributed among the Inhabitants, whose regard to their own safety will probably induce them to contribute to their subsistence, with orders to the Officers to dispose of them so as to be enabled to keep out scouting Parties & to collect them together Weekly to discover whether and Desertions or Disorders take place among them. Those who are to rendezvous at the City of Albany Fishkill and other Places more remote I shall be under the necessity unless the Contractors can supply them with Provisions, to direct the Officers appointed to receive and muster them, to permit them to return to their respective homes; which besides being productive of Desertions cannot fail giving great trouble in collecting them at a future Day; and under those Circumstances your Excellency will perceive the impracticability at present of making the Detachment directed for completing our Line in the Army. I have the Honor to be with the highest Sentiments of Respect & Esteem.  Your Excellency’s most Obedient Servant

                            Geo: Clinton


Title: To George Washington from Jonathan Dayton, 23 April 1782
From: Dayton, Jonathan
To: Washington, George

                        Sir,
                            Elizabeth Town—April

                        I have the honour and happiness of communicating to your Excellency the agreable and important news of the capture of the whole Island of Minorca the 17th of February by our allies and of the treaty offensive and defensive between France and the States of Holland which has been lately concluded. These events we learn from a vessel which has just arrived in a short passage from Lisbon and from which no other European news have yet transpired.Your Excellency has doubtless been made acquainted with the sailing of the young Prince, but whether he goes for Europe or only upon a cruize, is yet uncertain. The great uneasiness that for some time prevailed lest he should be carried off (which was the reason of the increase of the guards and patroles throughout the city) was the probable cause of his leaving it so speedily and unexpectedly.I am to acquaint your Excellency with the detention of Lieut. Thomas who went with a flag for the purpose of bearing and taking a receipt for, Your Excellency’s dispatches to Sir Henry Clinton agreable to a request of Mr Skinner Commissary General of prisoners, who conceived from the tenour of his letter it was your Excellency’s wish that an officer them. Lieut Thomas was sent for that particular purpose and was notwithstanding detained by the order of General Skinner upon pretence of retaliating for the detention  of two men traitors to the State who were seized upon by the civil authority some time since in town when no military post was held here. I enclose herewith the copy of General Skinner’s letter upon the subject for you Excellency’s perusal. I hope I have acted consistent with propriety & your Excellency’s approbation in stopping two British officers lately exchanged, on their way to New York until your Excellency’s pleasure is known. I have the honor to be your Excellency’s most obedt humble servt

                            Jona: Dayton


Title: From George Washington to Nathanael Greene, 23 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

                        Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters Newburgh. 23d Apl 1782.

                        Your Favor of the 8th of february was acknowledged in mine of the 18th of March. I have now received yours of the 9th ulto coverg Copy of your Correspondence with the Count de Rochambeau, & a general Return of your Army.Your Apprehensions, in Consequence of the Movement of the Legion of Lauzun, need not be much alarmed—Portion in Code.The Recruits raising in the States from whence your Army is composed, are compleating as fast as circumstances will admit, and Portion in Code will be ready to go on to you as early as the Portion in Code which at present from a variety of Circumstances, among which Portion in Code—The State of Maryland had some Time ago. Portion in Code which have been sent on from Philadelpa, a Number also Are collected in Pensylvania. Portion in Code Our Information respecting the Enemys Intentions and their future Mode of War is more clearly ascertained, as well as our knowledge of the Support and Assistance which we expect from our Ally. Portion in Code You are not insensible of the Disadvantages we have ever experienced in attempts. Portion in Code It having hitherto proved. Portion in Code.In present Circumstances. Portion in Code.I wait with impatience Portion in Code this I hope is not far distant. With the highest Regard & Esteem I am Dear Sir Your most Obedient humble Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Thomas Johnson, 13 April 1782
From: Johnson, Thomas
To: Washington, George

Copied
                        Dear SirNewburg April 13 1782

                        I wold inform you That Sevril months have     of varry havely as I have been hoping That Sum Dore Wold open That I might have A quanted you of Sum A Fares That I Think must have been a greabel To you as I have been made So well a quanted with your Desires inclinations and A Teachment To The British Crown I Shall with The greater Meashur inform you how the Rebels are imposed on and as my Life my intrest my all Depends on your holding This as a Profound Secret I Shall Put Trust and Confidence in you For The Same.you may be a Sured That Colo. Alen Did a grea with The britons before Exchanged To Do all in his Power To bring The State of Vermont into a Reliance with briton you may bee a Surd That I Saw The account That was given att London, Setting Forth The Valie of The grants The Richness of The Soil The number of The inhabitance and the great Consequence it was To briton To Secure and Defend Them—all so That Colo. Alen was Then att benington acting in Consert with The Plan.allso I was informed by The offiser That was att The Taking of Fort goig and Fort am and Balltown that Colo. Allen Did Lay att Caselton with his Forces by an a greament That he made with The british Commander in Cannada They Said That had They not a gread with him That he might have Cut Them all of in Three owers as it is not Posobal For me To give you an account in a Letr I might omit The Conditions of the larter & moovments ProPosed & Soforth & &—as To The Commisiner Protens of Treating with Each other as To Prisners it is ondly a Sham I was intamirtily A quanted with the british Commissioners Their Consultations ware on some moovments and To let Difrant Situations bee noon.Had   their Provisons have Com in Season They wold have Trid For Albaney and Then have ocipid in The State of Vermont A Large number of Lite battoes bult on A new Construction Large burch Canoos that wold Carry 12 and 16 men Each: The neatest Seet of Small Trucks with 4 wheals So That Six men wold Take up one boto and Seet it on The Trucks and Their bagage and wold then over in To Lake Gorge in Less Than an our Numors Surcomstances must be omited For The want of Room—Doctr Smith That was in Albaney gale gave or Sent Ginral Haldaman Expresses Contaning The Situations of the Contary which The govaner of Vermont or The Allens Did Resqu and Convoyd in To Canada and Then he was a Commisoner To Treat with The Vermont Commisiners—The british Prisners That was Exchanged by Vermont Told me in Canadey That They ware Sent To From bennington as Far as Balton in the Bay Provided That if they wold make Their Escape To bennington That They Should bee Sent Right in To Cannada.Well may the britons Laugh when thay See how The Rebels are imposed on by our Savages: Last Sumer Their was Two Indens with one Sergent Smith Down to Philadelfay or Near Their: Simth was in Disgise he got the Doings of Congress he got the hole account of affares att The Southard Ginral Halderman was So well Pleased with this Conduct and intiligance That he gave him an Adijants Commition and Sum Presents—We See how the Rebels Neglect their own Prisners. Rather Than Pay a Small matter For Their Clothing & &—They will Lett Them Suffer and Die in gales but the ginral hath Taken meashers To Pay Them For Their Neglect For he hath Put Them on to Small Islans To keep Them From Runing away & Small gards will Do For them and Denid Them of all Nesesaries but Their Rasions The ginral Takes Evry meashur To Tempt Them To ask For or Exchang Their Prisners as he wants The Provitions For his one men I Think Their is one Dore open For The Rebels Now if They had Skill a Nuf To improve it: but as I know how They Do Neglect Thoes oppertunities it gives me but Littel Consern.I Cannot For bear of giving you Sum Small account of The advantages That I Think might bee Taken.Let Vermont bee indulged att This Time Let Them have ordres To Rase Their lots of men For The Season—Then Let the ginral a Point A Commander For Them and Sum Few more Then Let The Troops That are att Seretoga bee with Drawd in Such a manner and To Such Places as might be Thought Proper. It wold bee but a Few Days be Fore That The british wold make a Push For Albaney When I Think They might bee all Cut of by a Raped march on Their Rear.West Point Seems To bee much in The way.No Dout you may Think it Strang That I Should Rite To you With Such Fredom and with Such Length but it is because I Cann Put Confidance in you—and I Can but hope That you will Put Confidance in me—I Think That I have Ginral Haldermans Confidance as I have his one Seal To give a Sertain Token—and Suchey way of Conveance a greid on: That I Think That I Can give you Such Accounts as you may Find wanting or Send Such as you may Think Proper as it is my Soles Desire To Serve you it wold give me The greatest Hapiness if a ney Thing hear Should give you aney Lite or A Ford you aney assistance att This Time.


Title: To George Washington from Benjamin Lincoln, 23 April 1782
From: Lincoln, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General,War Office April 23. 1782

                        So many difficulties attended the late mode of issuing provisions to Officers or their own returns, that when the new contract was entered into, the contractors would not agree to issue as they had formerly done,  but requested that the number of rations which each Officer was entitled to draw might be ascertained—this induced the recommendation of the enclosed resolves of Congress by which the matter is placed beyond dispute, and the subsistence which each Officer is to receive monthly is fully ascertained.The Contractors were very anxious that some systems should be established which might prescribe the mode of issue—and on the observance of which their accounts would pass without difficulty—The enclosed plan, if attended to, will facilitate the settlements with the Contractors—part of the observations originate in the contracts themselves. they are submitted to Your Excellency’s inspection and amendment: if they meet your approbation you will please to publish them in orders for the information of the Army and the Contractors.There are several prisoners in the jail of this City, who were formerly in our service—some of them are deserted, others inlisted after they were taken prisoners—they now solicit pardon and permission to join their respective Corps in our Army. I wish your Excellency’s would give instructions what shall be done with them. I have the honor to be, with profound respect, my dear General, Your most obedt Servt

                            B. Lincoln


Title: From George Washington to Robert Morris, 23 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Morris, Robert

                        Sir
                            Head Quarters 23d April 1782

                        I am obliged to you for the Copy of the Contract you have been pleased to send me under cover of your Favor of the 15th Instant—It came very opportunely, as I have already been applied to for a Determination upon the points which are submitted to my Decision.I am very glad to find that an Intendant, appointed by you, is to attend the Army, & to hear & decide on Causes of Complaint or Uneasiness which may arise between the Army & the Contractors. As we are still to Gain Knowlege by Experience, other complaints than those which have already occurred may yet arise; and I shall be very happy to be relieved from those Troubles as much as possible. I think you may be fortunate in the Appointment of this person—& that he maybe with the Army at an early period. You may be assured that I am fully persuaded of the Importance & Utility of the present mode of feeding the Army & that I shall take every Occasion to impress the same Ideas upon the Minds of the Officers. I am pleased to find, that saving the Complaints which have arisen in their Execution, they are generally inclined to acquiesce & promote the Contracts—And you may depend that I shall take pleasure in giving the Gentlemen concerned in our Supply, every Assistance & protection in my power, consistent with that Justice which I think is due to the Army. I have the Honor to be &c. Your &c.


Title: To George Washington from Peter Muhlenberg, 23 April 1782
From: Muhlenberg, Peter
To: Washington, George

                        Sir
                            Cumberland Old Courthouse April 23d 1782

                        On the 10th of this Month I was Honor’d with your Excellency’s Orders, to repair to this place; I set out imediately for Richmond & arrivd here on the 19th—since then I have collected returns of the Men at this post, as well as the Quartermaster & Comissaries Stores, which I do myself the Honor to enclose, together with a return of the Military Stores—The Quartermaster Stores at this place includes every thing we have on hand, good or bad—which is the same case with the Military Stores—The Governor   & Council have appointed the different places of  in the State, and impowered the County Lieutenants to appoint recruiting Officers in each County, who are to deliver the recruits to the Continental Officers appointed to receive them—Officers have therefore been sent to each Station pointed out by the Governor, in order to forward on the Recruits and as there are at present but few Men at this post I shall set out next week, to visit the different posts & endeavour to bring the recruiting business into a proper train—There are beside the 46 effectives at this place, 25 in Richmond  a few more at Fredericksburg, I have ordered the whole to this place & wrote to General Greene, requesting his permission to send them in by Companies, to prevent Desertion—The Clothing Your Excellency was pleased to mention is not yet arrivd, nor have I receiv’d any Account of it—I would  likewise beg leave to inform Your Excellency that with this Month, all our prospects of procuring provisions for this post expire, as the State refuses to furnish, unless a Letter of Credit is obtained for the purpose from the Financier Genl I have therefore wrote to him on the Subject & wait his Answer. I have the Honor to be with the highest respect Your Excellencys Most Obedt humble Servt

                            P: Muhlenberg


Title: From George Washington to John Paterson, 23 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Paterson, John

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters Newburgh April 23 1782

                        Upon application of the Contractors for supplying the Garrison of West Point &c. with Provisions, you
                            will from time to time, inform them as exactly as you are able, of the number of Rations that will be required, for the
                            Garrison of West Point & the Posts in its vicinity on the eastern side of the River, the Posts of Kings Ferry,
                            Dobbs Ferry, Fish Kill, & Newburgh or New Windsor. I am &c.


Title: To George Washington from Timothy Pickering, 23 April 1782
From: Pickering, Timothy
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Philadelphia April 23. 1782.

                        I have been rendered extremely unhappy by the disappointment of my expectations in regard to the ox teams. Mr
                            Morris desired the purchases might be begun on credit, and wrote me a letter in which he promised to enable me punctually
                            to fulfil my engagements. A copy of this letter I sent to each of my deputies in New England, with my instructions
                            relative to the purchases. The teams could not be bought on credit. Mr Morris supposed his notes (in which he originally
                            meant to make payment) would pass there (as well as here) as cash: but they had no currency under a discount of from five
                            to twelve or fifteen per cent; and he forbad their being passed at any the least discount, whether the teams were
                            purchased or not. Cash he could not furnish, till the states paid their taxes, even if the opening of the campaign were
                            thereby delayed. Finally, on the 8th instant, I obtained & sent a quantity of his notes to Mr Pomeroy &
                            Colo. Hatch. As they are, I believe, more forward in Connecticut with their taxes, I hope Mr Pomeroy will succeed. I have
                            desired Colo. Hatch & Colo. Dearborn to endeavour to exchange the notes with their respective treasuries and if this failed, to try to get as many teams as they could of such towns as
                            should be willing to furnish them by way of assessment upon themselves, giving them the notes in payment, which would be
                            accepted by the receiver of the superintendant in part of such towns Continental tax.
                        The sum I sent to Mr Pomeroy I judged sufficient for his purchases: that sent to Colo. Hatch was greatly
                            deficient, altho’ Mr Morris gave me every note he had. I expect to receive more, to complete the purchases of ox-teams,
                            and to finish my business in town, in the course of this week. I have the honour to be with the greatest respect your
                            Excellency’s most obedient servant

                            Timothy Pickering
                            Q.M.G.


Title: From George Washington to Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 23 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters Newburgh 23d Apl 1782

                        I have been honored by your Excellency’s Letter of the 6th instant—and thank you for the Communication of
                            Genl Green’s of the 10th ulto—I think he need not be much alarmed on Account of the movement of the Legion—from the
                            present Situation of the Enemy, I am persuaded no Reinforcement will be sent from N. York to Carolina.
                        I am equally impatient with your Excellency, for Intelligence from Europe—and shall be ready to meet you, as
                            proposed, the moment the Occasion shall call.
                        Some Transport and Vessels are lately arrived from Charlestown; but have brought no Troops, unless a few
                            Remnants of some broken Corps, which were principally captured with Lord Cornwallis.
                        I can scarcely imagine the Enemy have any Intention of taking another post—in my Opinion, such an Event will
                            be rather desireable for us than otherwise. With Sentiments of very great Regard I have the Honor to be Your Excellency’s
                            Most Obedeint and most hume Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Comfort Sands, 23 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To: Sands, Comfort

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters Newburgh April 23th 1782

                        Having just received a Copy of the Contract for supplying the moving Army, and conceiving (from what was
                            observed when I saw you & Mr Livingston together) it will be necessary for the Company engaged in that Contract,
                            as well as for the Contractors for furnishing the Garrison of West Point &c. to be apprised of the particular
                            Troops to be supplied under each Contract on the first of May; I have taken the earliest occasion of giving you my Opinion fully on that Matter. Previous to which, I think it expedient you should be informed,
                            that it may be difficult & even impossible to ascertain any length of time beforehand with any degree of
                            precision, what the Garrison of West Point, and its dependencies will consist of—The strength of that Garrison must
                            & will vary according to circumstances, or as the general Plan of operations for the Campaign may require; which
                            depends upon so many contingencies, that I cannot possibly, take upon me to inform you now, what number of Rations you
                            will have to supply after the Main Army takes the Field; as it is obvious the number of Men requisite for the security of
                            those Posts will depend entirely, upon the position of the remainder of our Army for covering them & the state of
                            the Enemy at that time—All I can say further on this subject is, that the last Campaign the Garrison was composed of two
                            Garrison Regts, which were made up, by detachments of the Weakest Men from the whole line of the Army together with some
                            artillery & Militia; and that in future, the good of service, not the interest of any Individuals whatever, will
                            point out the line of Conduct, I shall pursue respecting the disposition of the Troops.
                        It is because, I fear, some difficulty or foundation for dispute, or obstructions to the Public interest, in
                            consequence of this fluctuation of the number of Rations to be issued, may arise between the Contractors for supplying the
                            Moving Army & those for furnishing the Garrison, that I mention these things—and I would take the liberty to
                            suggest, whether it might not be the best way, for removing all grounds of disputes & altercations, to have some
                            mutual agreement between the different Companies of Contractors, (if it could be found practicable & convenient to
                            them), so that the whole business might be executed upon one great Scale.
                        In the mean time untill the Army takes the field, I shall consider the Garrison of West Point as being
                            composed of the 1st & 2nd Massachusetts Brigades, the 3d Regt of Artillery, and such small Corps or parts of Corps
                            as are now, or may be occasionally employed there—The immediate Dependencies of West Point at present are, the Posts in
                            its vicinity on the eastern side of the River, the Posts of Kings Ferry, Dobb’s Ferry, and Fish kill, & there must
                            be one at Newburgh or New Windsor; The Commandt of West Point, upon application to him, can from time to time inform you
                            nearly of the number of Rations to be issued at the aforesd Posts.
                        The remainder of the Troops I shall comprehend under the general idea of the moving Army; and they are to be
                            supplied accordingly; but as I before suggested, I think it would be much more advantageous to the Contractors as well as
                            the Public, that a Union of interests, or mutual agreement, should supersede the necessity of discrimination. I am Sir
                            &c.


Title: General Orders, 24 April 1782
From: Washington, George
To:

                            Head Quarters Newburgh Wednesday April 24th 82.
                            Parole
                            C. Signs.

                        The Honorable the Congress have been pleased to pass the following Resolutions.
                        		By the United States in Congress Assembled.
                        Monday April 8. 1782.
                        On a report from the Secretary at War to whom was refered a plan of the pay master General for the better
                            regulation of the pay of the Army.
                        Resolved, that as all returns necessary to check the accounts of Pay and rations and to give ful information
                            of public issues of Clothing and Stores are lodged at the War Office, The Secretary at War is hereby impowered and
                            Directed to issue his Warrants on the pay master General in favor of each regimental pay master for the pay and rations
                            which shall appear on Adjustment of thier Accounts to be due to the Regiments respectively and to the head of each
                            Department for the pay and rations due to such Department.
                        That the accounts for pay and rations of each regiments and of each Department from the 1st of January 1782
                            shall be made out at the end of every month and be Transmitted to the War Office for exammination and warrants.
                        That the manner of making the payments, of keeping the accounts and returns of the regimental paymasters be
                            regulated by the Secretary at War.
                        That the pay master General shall pay on the Warrants of the Secretary at War from such monies as shall be put
                            into his hands for the pay and Rations of the Troops, and to the orders of the Commander in Chief or Officer Commanding
                            the southern Army from such monies as shall be placed in his disposal for Contingencies.
                        Rosolved that all resolutions heretofore passed empowering General Officers to draw Warrants on the pay
                            master General (except that empowering the Officer Commanding the southern Army) be and the same are
                            hereby repealed.
                        Resolved that there be one Deputy pay master for the southern Army, That there shall be one assistant allowed
                            to the pay master General who shall do the duties of a Clerk.
                        That the pay master General be and he is hereby authorised to appoint his Deputy and Assistant.
                        That the pay master General immediately give Bonds with two sureties to the Superintendant of Finance in the
                            sum of Fifteen Thousand Dollars for the faithful performance of his Office.