Title: To George Washington from James Duane, 9 December 1780
From: Duane, James
To: Washington, George

                            Confidential
                            My dear General,
                            Philadelphia 9th December 1780

                        I shou’d not so long have restrained the Expressions of a Heart flowing with the most affectionate and
                            respectful Attachment if Care had not been taken to communicate our Intelligence officially. In the mean time I have never
                            found it so necessary to devote my Attention to the publick business. Amidst pressing distresses it will give your
                            Excellency pleasure to be assured that Congress have deliberated with Unanimity, and decided with firmness; and that every
                            thing within their power is nearly accomplished for vigorous Efforts in the Course of the next year. If the States will
                            draw forth their Resourses: If our Ally will seriously cooperate by assuming a Naval Superiority in the American Seas: If
                            we are seasonably furnished with the Cloathing Arms and Ammunition which we have reason to expect: and obtain the Aid of
                            money which we have once more attempted to borrow: If then Circumstances in any tolerable degree Combine, your Excellency
                            will at last see a prospect, under the divine blessing of finishing the War with Glory. But it is obvious that we have
                            many difficulties to encounter!
                        Government instead of possessing the Confidence and the Dignity necessary to enforce it’s Councils, is
                            surrounded by clamorous Creditors and insidious Speculaters, and what is worse the Intemperance of our Friends conspires
                            with the malice of our Enemies to render it odious. Congress may err: they are not exempt from State and personal
                            prejudices: they are liable to be deceived; but nothing is more certain than that in the common Cause their Intentions are
                            pure, their Zeal, their Cares, their pains, unbounded: and the Time will come, when if their measures are not admired they
                            will be approved. Indeed, Sir, an honest and disinterested Patriot requires uncommon Fortitude to render himself
                            responsible in an hour of such intollerable Licenciousness: those who place their Happiness in Reputation retire from a
                            Theatre where, while they are torturd by publick distresses, they are in danger of disgrace! The Intreagues of Speculetors
                            are more and more alarming. Our paper money lately suffered a Convulsion, without any apparent Cause, which threatned its
                            total dissolution. Not contented with the infinite Evils which they have entailed on their Country; they have practiced
                            their Arts on the Cabinet of France; and with such Success that one of our Ministers received a formal Intimation that the
                            Chevalier de la Luzerne woud be instructed to remonstrate against the Act of the 18th of March as a violation of publick
                            faith, and an Injury to the trading past of that nation which ought to be repaired. Mr Adams has acquired Applause by a
                            Memorial to Count de Vergonnes on this Subject full of Good Sence and dignity. The Necessity and the Justice of that
                            memorable System are vindicated by Reasons and Facts which force Conviction. The Capital Figure which the french factors
                            made in drawing on the Depreciation and their Avarice in striving to exact Specie for the nominal Sums of the Bills: when
                            it is notorious that they raised the price of their Commodities in proportion to the current Exchange are exposed; and it
                            is demonstrated that instead of suffering they greatly profited by that national Calamity. Nor is the proper Inference
                            neglected that a Government capable, in a free Country, of executing a Plan so disgusting to the self interested, must
                            possess unlimited Confidence, and be established on the former Basis. I am perswaded that this Seasonable Representation
                            will remove every prejudice, and prevent the Effects of an Attempt big with Ruin!
                        Another great difficulty which embarrasses us is the absolute Dependance which we are compelled to place on
                            the Exertions of the States individually. A failure in one may draw
                            upon us insupportable distress. If the Supplies of provisions shoud be punctually Furnished the transportation alone is an
                            Expence of such magnitude that I never think of it but with anxiety, especially when we consider how deeply pecuniary
                            Taxes are anticipated by Certificates in the hands of the Farmers. There is a remedy but whether we have a sufficient
                            degree of publick Spirit to apply it can only be known by Experiment. Why shoud not the opulent contribute, the whole or a
                            large proportion of their plate? Why shoud not the Farmer break in upon his Capital if his annual produce is incompetent.
                            Nothing is clearer than that this woud be the truest Œconomy as a foundation woud be laid to terminate the War by a great
                            and decisive Effort. These are Resourses in the power of every Legislature, and I shall think them inexcuseable, if seeing
                            the necessity to be so urgent, they shrink form the Burthen. A Duty on Imports Exports and prizes will be strongly
                            recommended by Congress, and if approved by the States, it must produce a considerable Revenue.
                        We have made an Estimate of the national Expence for a year from next January. Except the Quarter master’s
                            branch it is tolerably accurate. I shoud be happy if our means to defray it were certain and adequate: but this is not to
                            be relied on, unless we are effectually roused by a Sense of our common danger, and the necessity of concluding with Glory
                            and Expedition a War of devastation. Every liberal hand must be opened: every patriotic heart must be animated. every
                            publick and private effort must be exerted to strengthen and support our Army, to give weight to our national Councils,
                            and secure them obedience at home and reputation abroad. Without the first the Courage Perseverance and military
                            Accomplishments of our General must be frustrated: without the last it woud be madness to hope for Credit Alliance or
                            Respect from foreign Powers.
                        After a studied Contempt of the Power of our Enemy which has marked the progress of our Contest, too great a
                            dependance on foreign Succour claims the Rank in our political Errors. I speak of the publick opinion, exempting Congress
                            as I ought from a share in this Folly. Charmed with a Revolution so friendly to the Rights of human nature, and so humbling
                            to the Insolence of Brittain, the People were too apt to imagine that the Coffers of Europe woud be emptied into our Lap
                            without reserve. But to say nothing of the Dutch; experience has shown that the Spaniards on whom we principally relied,
                            are not to be moved by disinterested Considerations. That Cabinet does not imitate the French in Liberality. They view the
                            Contiguity of those States to the Sourse of their Treasures, and their rising greatness, with a sufficient degree of
                            Jealousy. They are cautious of our Alliance unless they can acquire solid advantages. They are courted by England and
                            tempted by offers which tho’ they cannot accept without sacrificing their Honour, their family compact, and the Esteem of
                            the Northern powers; they yet seem to countenance, as a mean to lead us to concessions of which we cannot think without
                            Reluctance. On no other principle are Cumberland’s residence at Madrid, or the dilatoriness which has accompanied the
                            Treaty to be reconciled. With respect to a Loan, if their Inclination was ever so prompt, it appears to one either that
                            their Funds are not productive; or that their Œconomy is even worse than our own. They might however interpose their
                            Responsibility as they have already done for the bills which we have drawn, and for the Cloathing which they have
                            supplied, and it woud afford us essential Relief. Those Hints will open another Field of Embarrasment, the Extent of which
                            your Excellency will fully perceive.
                        I shall only add to the Catalogue that we have advice that Sir Henry Clinton has written to his Court for a
                            strong Reinforcement, or leave to retire from his command: that he has received an approbation of his Conduct in flatering
                            Terms, and a promise of Support, and that orders are accordingly issued for raising a Regiment of Cavalry and nine of
                            Infantry.
                        But while we are called upon to examine our own Circumstances with Candour least we shoud be deceived by a
                            false Estimate, our Enemies, it is evident do not repose on a bed of Roses. They continue to be disturbed by the Spirit of
                            Independance which pervades Ireland. The Commons of that Kingdom lately hesitated to agree to a duty, amounting to a
                            prohibition, on raw Sugars from England. Yelverton their patriot declared that the Irish Trade shoud in all respects be
                            upon a perfect equality with the British. He rejected the Idea of a disparity between the Sister Kingdoms with Contempt;
                            and threatned the Courtiers that if they persisted in their opposition he woud put himself at the Head of the Associators
                            and establish the Freedom of Commerce by Arms. This is an Argument which carries conviction. Strange that in Ireland it
                            shoud be consistent with Loyalty and in America be branded with Appellation of Rebellion, and under that absurd Idea serve
                            to colour over every Species of Inhumanity and Vengeance!
                        In the West Indies from the late destructive Hurricane, and on the Ocean by a train of capital losses, the
                            Enemy have sufferd most severely and in the tenderest point, their Trade, the Source of their Wealth and Credit! Their
                            internal dissentions, which instead of being extinguished are only smotherd by the Vigour which the temerity of Gordon
                            threw into the scale of their Government, is a malady which hangs heavy upon their Administration. The Convention of the
                            neutral maritime powers which has aimed a fatal blow at the Sovereignty of the british flag and the imminent danger of
                            their being involved in a war with Russia Denmark Sweden and Holland if they persist in a Claim so odious, and of drawing
                            down the Resentment of their own subjects and universal Contempt if they ectinguish it: The late Insult offered them by
                            Portugal in shutting their ports against their Ships of War and Prizes: the Impracticability of their raising more Troops
                            in Germany: The favourable Light in which our Independance is viewed throughout Europe; and the evident Satisfaction it
                            gives even the princes on whom they most relied to see the british Dominion Commerce and naval Strength circumscribed:
                            Their disappointment in not being able by the most disgraceful Sacrifices to detatch Spain from the War: Their failure in
                            Ways and means the present year: the immensity of their national debt and current Expenditures: All those Circumstances
                            combined with the necessity of renewing their Preparations to oppose the belligerant powers at the very moment they looked
                            for submission from America are more than sufficient to form a Contrast between us and our Enemies by no means to our
                            disadvantage: Nor does it seem presumptuous to think that if we endeavour to deserve the Blessing; Peace Liberty and
                            Independance must before long crown our Wishes.
                        I have drawn this Letter to an immoderate Length: ascribe it to a desire of possessing you of my own View of
                            our publick Affairs as far as I am at Liberty.
                        I will only add that the Visit of the French Noblemen has given pleasure. The Chevalier Chateliun
                            particularrly recommends himself by his agreeable manners and literary Accomplishments. Be pleased to pay my most
                            respectful Compliments to Mrs Washington. I was greatly mortified at her passing thro’ this Town without my Knowledge as I
                            wished to have done myself the Honour of attending her to Trenton. I have the honour to be with every Sentiment of
                            Friendship Respect and personal Attachment My dear General Your most affectionate & most Obedient Servant

                            Jas Duane

                            Your Excellency has remarked that the Communications with which you honord me on the Arrangement of the
                                Army Hospitals &c. have had their effect.


Title: To George Washington from Nathanael Greene, 9 December 1780
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

                            Charlotte Decr 9th 1780

                        I do myself the honor to inclose Your Excellency a return of the Troops under my command, and take the
                            Liberty to request you will order a copy made out for the Board of War as I have been able only to obtain one copy and
                            that just as the Express was about to set out. I am with every Sentiment of esteem & respect Your Most Obedt
                                ser.

                            N. Greene


Title: To George Washington from William Heath, 9 December 1780
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            Garrison of West Point Decr 9th 1780

                        I am honoured with yours of the 8th—The 100 barrells of salted beef, or as many tierces as will be equal to
                            that quantity, the beef being chiefly in the latter, shall be forwarded to Albany as soon as a vessell can be procured.
                        The Invalids of the six months Levies have been discharged & for some days past six men of those
                            worst cloathed from each regiment This haveing taken off the principle part of those worst clad—I have ordered three from
                            each regiment to be discharged daily: this number shall be increased, or diminished as your Excellency may think proper.
                        Some of the three years men who have one two & three months to serve are almost naked & unfit
                            for duty they must be cloathed or discharged; which of the two is your Excellencys pleasure.
                        Some doubts have arisen between the Officers who are allowed to draw two rations, in consequence of a Resolve
                            of Congress and late order of your Excellency; and the Commissaries suppose the extra ration should be drawn on issuing
                            day or not at all. The Officers suppose the extra ration designed to enable them to live more comfortably & that
                            they may dispose of it for other species of provisions on vegitables; that if they draw it on every issuing day, a great
                            part of it may be lost, or rendered of little advantage to them; whereas if they can draw it at such times within the
                            months, as might give them an opportunity to exchange it, it would be a real relief to them. I wish to be informed if your
                            Excellency has any objection to the last mode, as it will be the same to the Public & much more beneficial to the
                            Officers.
                        Some of the State Clothiers have some articles of Cloathing & blanketts sent to
                            them by their States; the nakedness of the Troops call loudly for the issue of them. The  present
                            injunctions on the Clothiers forbid it. Some of the  officers think that by the ordinance of Cloathing
                            whatever the State clothier can obtain from his State is to be distributed to the Troops
                                belonging  to the State untill they are supplyed and in case of a surplusage that
                            the surplusage is to be transfered to the public Stock; that if this is not attended to it will
                            discourage the States from exertions to provide for their own Troops. I have not the ordnance by me,
                            but Genl Huntington thinks such is the tenor of it—Your Excellency can best determine whether it is strictly attended to.
                        I take the liberty to inclose Colonel Hazens Arrest of Major Reid.
                        Our situation here on account of provisions is really alarming—totally destitute of Flour except eight
                            barrells which arrived this evening—The want of forrage fobids any number of beef Cattle being kept on the Point_the
                            salted meat in the Magazines but a triffle if necessity should force us to use it—If a severe storm should happen &
                            the river be impassible but three or four days, the Troops must inevitably suffer. I cannot learn that any flour of
                            consequence is coming from any Quarter. Large quantitites of meat are putting up at a distance, but unless the season is
                                uncommon the time is nigh when it will be very difficult, to transport it to this Post.
                        Two Deserters with their arms from Robinsons Corps came up this day. They both assert that
                            the Enemy are short of provisions and fuel. That but few of the Cork fleet have arrived_that their
                            rations since the arrival of the Fleet has been reduced and at present is six pounds of bread pr
                            week—Ten ounces salt beef & one gill of rum pr day.
                        I have this moment received the enclosed from Colonel Hay and a few hours
                            since the one from General Clinton—I request to be informed by the return of the Express
                            whether the 100 barrells of beef is to be detained, or forwarded without loss of time. I have the honor to be with the
                            greatest respect Your Excellencys most Obedient Servant

                            W. Heath


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Huntington, 9 December 1780
From: Huntington, Samuel
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Philadelphia December 9. 1780

                        I do myself the Honor to transmit your Excellency the enclosed Extract of a Letter from Europe—What
                            Reinforcement Great Brittain may be able to send to America, is with us uncertain.
                        The partial Successes against Lord Cornwallis and the rising Spirit of the Militia in that Quarter it is to
                            be hoped will much disconcert the British in their intended Operations—Above all, should we be able to form a respectable
                            Army of regular Troops to the Southward their Hopes must end in Disappointment.
                        Should the Intelligence from Holland & Portugal prove true respecting the armed Neutrality, it cannot
                            fail to have a powerful Influence in our Favour. I have the Honor to be with every Sentiment of Esteem & regard
                            your Excellency’s most obedient & most humble Servant

                            Sam. Huntington

                     Enclosure

                                Extract of a Letter from Europe
                                October 17th 1780

                            I have before given you Notice that your Enemies had determined to make a strong Push this Fall and next
                                Spring against North Carolina & Virginia, and that on receiving a late Demand from General Clinton, for a
                                reinforcement of 10.000 Men, otherwise he insisted on Leave to come home the King and his Council decided to inform
                                Genl Clinton that his Conduct was in all Points highly approved, and that he should have every Assistance in their
                                Power to send him, and as soon as possible. The Vessel with this reply to Clinton sailed from England the 10th Instant
                                for New York—So far you may rely on to be true.
                            Mr Laurens the Minister from Congress to the States of Holland was taken on the Banks of Newfoundland,
                                carried to England and is committed to the Tower of London on Suspision of high Treason—His material Papers were
                                destroyed, but some Letters of private Correspondence on Mercantile Affairs were taken with Mr Laurens.
                            The northern League of Neutrality is acceded to by Holland and Portugal, from which Kingdom the British
                                Ships of War, Privateers & Prizes are now excluded. Ten Ships of the Line are now about sailing from Brest
                                with abt 5,000 Troops, some say to reinforce Monsr Ternay, & others that they are for the West Indies. In
                                Europe the Belligerent Powers are on all Sides busily preparing for another Campaign, and in England Orders are
                                already issued for raising 9 new Regts of Foot and one of Horse to reinforce the British Army in America, since they
                                have little Hope of getting a fresh Supply of Men from Germany. Your spirited Country men will no doubt be prepared to
                                repel these Invaders as triumphantly as they have hitherto done those that preceded them.


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Huntington, 9 December 1780
From: Huntington, Samuel
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Philadelphia December 9. 1780

                        Your Excellency will receivr enclosed, the Copy of an Act of Congress of the 6th Instant, expressing the
                            Sense they entertain of the Gallantry & Intrepidity of Major Talmadge & the Officers & Soldiers of
                            his Detachment in the late Enterprizes against Fort St George on Long Island. I have the Honor to be with the highest
                            respect your Excellency’s most obedient & most humble servant

                            Sam. Huntington President


Title: From George Washington to Thomas Jefferson, 9 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Jefferson, Thomas

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor Decr 9th 1780

                        I have been duly honored with Your Excellency’s several Letters of the 3d 10th and 19th Novembr with their
                            Inclosures; at the time of their receipt, the Army was preparing for Winter Quarters; and a multiplicity of business
                            prevented my acknowledging them until this moment. I pray you now, to be assured, I was extremely obliged, by your
                            particular attention, in making those communications, which were so interesting & necessary while the Enemy were
                            expected to operate in your State. Since your last, I have heard nothing officially of their movements to the Southward;
                            from whence I shall still be very anxious to have the earliest & most authentic intelligence.
                        We have nothing new of importace, in this quarter. The Troops are disposed of in their Winter Contonments—the
                            Pennsylvania Line near Morris Town—the Jersey Brigade at Pompton to cover the communication with the North River—the York
                            Brigade in the neighbourhood of Albany, furnishing a Garrison for Fort Schuyler. And the remainder of the Army, viz. the
                            New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island & Connecticut Lines at West Point, and its vicinity. The French fleet
                            and Army remain still at Rhode Island. The Enemy’s fleet it is thought will winter in Gardners Bay; And their Army occupies
                            their former position on York Island & its dependencies.
                        It is happy for us, that the season will probably compel both Armies to continue in a state of inactivity;
                            since ours is so much reduced by discharging the Levies, which composed a considerable part of it, even before their time
                            of service expired—this expedient we were forced to adopt from the present total want of flour, and the precarious
                            prospect of a supply of that Article. I cannot but hope, a more vigorous & effectual Measures will be pursued for
                            obtaining supplies before another Campaign.
                        A Flag Vessel has permission to go from New York to the usual place in Virginia to carry supplies &
                            necessaries for the Troops of Convention—should any alteration of disposition of those Troops, make any new directions
                            necessary, I must request your Excellency to give them.
                        I shall make it a point, to communicate the earliest advices of movements of the Enemy, which are necessary
                            to be known by You, and in the mean time I have the honor to be With great respect & esteem Your Excellencys
                            &c.

                            G. Washington

                            P.S. Since writing the above, I have been favored with Your Letter of 26 Ulto—I will endeavour to obtain
                                a model for the construction of Boats, & transmit it by an early conveyance. I am
                                this momt informed from New York another embarkation is taking place it consisting of 1 Batt. Grenadiers—1 Batt. Lt
                                Infantry 1 Batt. Hessian Grenadiers—Knyphaussen’s Regt—42d British; a Draft of 5 Men from each Company in the Lines
                                & 2 Troops of Lt Dragoons under Genls Knyphaussen and Phillips, supposed to be destined Southward.


Title: To George Washington from Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, 9 December 1780
From: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de
To: Washington, George

                            My dear General
                            Philadelphia December the 9th 1780

                        You will be surpris’d to hear that other vessels are arriv’d from France, and that we have not receiv’d by
                            them any public nor private dispatchesall the pacquets were on board the Ariel who was
                            dismasted in the storm and put back into L’orient—Mr de Vauban who was intrusted with these letters thought it not
                            advisable for himself or his pacquets to come on board of Merchant vessels and very foolishly rode back to Versailles—how
                            disappointed and displeas’d I have been with the account, you may easely guess—I have made myself certain that since the
                            letter receive’d in the same time as mine, no other public dispatch is arriv’d in the Minister’s hands.
                        But I have receiv’d by these vessels an intelligence which both on private and public accounts makes me
                            extremely happy—the Marquis de Castries whom I have some times mention’d to you as a man of great worth and my intimate
                            friend has been made Minister of the Navy—I told you my opinion of Mr de Sartine, and you may see that we are greatly
                            benefited by the alteration—Mr Sartine was an honest man, and good enough to other purposes but entirely unfitt for such
                            a departement—Marquis de Castries is the very man I had often mentionn’d as the object of my wishes—I am going to write to
                            him a confidential letter—relating to money, ships &c. The vessels left France about forty days ago, and as the
                            appointment was recent, I hope Marquis de Castries will soon send us intelligences—the more so as his son is the friend I
                            some times spoke you of as being in this French Army—Marquis de Castries is very intimate with the Minister of Finance.
                        By the Captains of those Vessels we hear that Count D’estaing has been made generallissimo of the Spanish
                            Forces, and is gone to sea with a Combin’d Squadron of Sixteen ships—perhaps is he gone to the West indias where if you
                            approuve of it I may write to him—perhaps St Augustine will be the object of his enterprises—God grant we might combine
                            some thing.
                        Mr Laurens has been confin’d into the Tower under suspicion of High treason, and
                            Congress seem determin’d to retaliate.
                        They have after many debates decided that an envoy be sent to France and not a Secretary—that envoy is to
                            give an account of our situation, ask succours, and return immediately—he will be nam’d the day after to morrow—Laurens
                            who refuses, Mr Henry who knows nothing of our affairs, and Hamilton are spoken of—I think they will choose this last—who
                            ever goes must go soon—when it is decided I will write to you as the expresses of Congress don’t ride very speedily.
                        I have found here Lt Clel Nevill my old aid de Camp—he came with Gal Woodford, to Newyork—it is said that Gal
                            Lincoln’s aids have been exchang’d and that it is generally the case with aids de camp to Gal officers actually in our
                            service—I warmly desire to have him—I am told Cornwallis has no powers to treat those matters—Can you, my dear General,
                            think of some method to get him out which it is proper for me to take?
                        I am more than ever puzzled, my dear General, to know what to do—this change of Minister may send us some
                            intelligences—every body advises against my going to the South ward—there is alwaïs a possibility of an expedition where
                            you will want me—I see that the people in whom you confide the most are in a great part for the present far from you—I
                            also candidly confess that private affection for you makes me hate the idea of leaving the man I love the most in the
                            world to seek for uncertainties at a period when he may want me—on the other hand the Southern Members want me to go—there
                            is a possibililty of being useful, and the love of glory spurs me on—I waït for your answer and your opinion to my 1st
                            letter—in two or three days I shall write to you. Adieu my dear General Most affly and resply yours

                            Lafayette

                            My best respects wait on Mrs Washington and my compliments on the family—this new change of the
                                Minister and the hope arising from it add to determine Count de Damas and Viscount de Noaïlles to return soon to
                                Newport—I request, my dear General, you will please to order that the bearer have means to proceed on as he carries to
                                Count de Charlus the intelligence.
                            A letter dated Cadix September 25th mentions that Count d’estaing commands the combin’d fleet and is gone
                                to sea—in this case his going with 16 ships could not be true—I will endeavor to ascertain the matter.
                            Mr Carmichall writes that Spain has lent hundred and thirty thousand dollars—it is not a great deal—the
                                disposition of that court are very satisfactory—Portugal does every thing we want—letters are just arriv’d from St
                                Domingo but not deciphered.

                            L.f.


Title: From George Washington to William Phillips, 9 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Phillips, William

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters 9th Decemr 1780

                        I had the honor of receiving your favr of the 30th November by Brigr Genl Irvine. Inclosed you will find a
                            passport for the Ship General de Reidesel made out agreeable to the form and terms which you requested. I have the honor
                            to be with due Respect Sir yr most obt and hble Servt


Title: To George Washington from John Pierce, 9 December 1780
From: Pierce, John
To: Washington, George

                            Sir
                            Phila. Decemr 9. 1780.

                        I have the Honor to transmit your Excellency two hundred & sixty four Dollars in Specie, a small Sum
                            delivered me to day by order of Congress to be paid into your hands. I have the Honor to be with sentiments of esteem,
                            Your Excellency’s most Obt Servt

                            Jno. Pierce Junr


Title: To George Washington from Nathaniel Stevens, 9 December 1780
From: Stevens, Nathaniel
To: Washington, George

                                Sir,

                            Fishkill 9th Decr 1780.

                            Mr Jesse Wilson informs me there is about eight Tunns of flour in Mr Joshua illegible
                             Mill, about twelve miles East of this place, and that he heard a certain Thomas Williams,
                                a trader and refugee from Long Island, agree for twenty teams, that have lately
                            been discharged, to carry the same to Derby, in Connecticut, where Williams says it
                            is to be put on Board for the purpose of transport-ing to Road Island, the teams go from this
                            place at twelve oclock to day.
                        I believe Mr Wilson to be a man that can be depended upon, and if the flour can be obtained, for the armys
                            use, it certainly will be relieving us in a distressing time. I have the Honour to be, Your Excellencies most Obt Sert

                            Nathl Stevens
                            D.C. Genl Issues


Title: To George Washington from John Sullivan, 9 December 1780
From: Sullivan, John
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            Philadelphia December 9th 1780

                        I was this morning Honored with your Excellency favor of the 25th Instant; I shall be happy to See the
                            Chevalier De Chaltelieux and to pay him every mark of respect & attention in my Power.
                        The Confidence your Excellency is pleased to place in me is exceeding flattering and I can with great Truth
                            assure you That no person Desires more to Comply with your wishes to relieve you from the Anxiety you
                            Suffer; (from Difficulties which as Commander of the Army you never ought to Experience) or to render your Troops happy in
                            their Situation than myself.
                        The appointment of General Smallwood was in the old State way. I did not oppose it for Political Reasons but
                            I took that opportunity of Delivering my Sentiments against those irregular and unmilitary promotions and upon various
                            occasions Since and am happy to find that There is now a Large majority of the House of my Sentiments so that I am
                            Convinced There will be no more of those irregular appointments of Course General Clinton & General Knox will not
                            be Superceeded. The Latter if Driven to resign would be an irreperable Loss to the Army.
                        I have conferred with a number of the most Confidential & most powerful members and have Secured
                            their Interest—so far as to assure me that the Event which your Excellency apprehended can never take Place.
                        As I have been fortunate Enough, to Diswade a majority of the members from pursuing the old mode I expect
                            Soon to be called upon to point out a new one Liable to no objections and here I confess I shall be at a Loss owing
                            perhaps, to my want of Capacity, or possibly to the Confusion of having one Large Army Camp and of Thirteen Small ones
                            & wish your Excellency would be so obliging as to give me your Sentiments upon it and what you would wish to be
                            the Rule of Promotion. To Rise Regimentally to the Rank of Captain and afterward in the Line of the State to a Colonel
                            (which, I take to be the Rule) admits of no great Difficulty, but the Rule has been Extended to Brigadiers and Even to
                            Major Generals—now Let us Suppose that Major Generals are to be created from the Eldest Brigadiers if the former Rule is
                            to Stand good for promotion of Colonels to Brigr is not this a perpetual Bar to promotions of Colonels who belong to States
                            which Supply but one or two Regiments. Colonels of Such States may of Course be compelled to Serve under a Brigadier who a
                            few years before Served under them in Detachments & as Captains. I See but one way to remedy this Evil which is to
                            Rise from Colonels in the Line of the Army perhaps there may be Correspondence attending this which I am not able to
                            Discover I therefore wish to know your Excellencys Sentiments upon it.
                        your Excellencys Letter refered to was read in Congress & is Reffered to General Ward General Cornell
                            & myself we shall Report upon it without Delay & I hope agreable to Justice & Equity which I know
                            is the Extent of your wishes upon this & Every other Matter. I have the honor to be with the most Lively
                            Sentiments of Esteem & Respect Dear General your most obedt Servt

                            Jno. Sullivan


Title: From George Washington to James Wood, 9 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Wood, James

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor Decr 9th 1780

                        I have to request you will be pleased to give the necessary directions for Capt. Sweatenham, and Leiut.
                            Murray of the 9th British Regt to go on their Parole to New York; pointing out the same route as has been given to the
                            Officers already sent thither on their Parole. I am Dear Sir Your Most Obedt Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to The States, 10 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: The States

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 10th Decemr 1780

                        You (or Your Excellency as the stile may be) will, I presume, have received before this reaches you an Act
                            of Congress of the 4th of last Month calling on the several States for specific quantities of Fresh and Salt provision—Flour, Salt, and Rum for the Army and directing all of the above Articles, except the Fresh meat, to be collected and
                            deposited at such places in each of the States, as should be judged most convenient by me—This communication I should have
                            done myself the honor of making somewhat earlier, had not the greater part of my time, since the receipt of the Act, been
                            taking up in arranging and visiting the Hospitals and Winter Cantonments of the Army.
                        Upon considering the point with respect to the supplies required of your State, I beg leave to inform you (or
                            your Excellency) that it appears to me they should be deposited at the following places and proportions. (Vide the inclosed
                            papers fixing the places of deposit and proportions and insert them accordingly).
                        The Commy General, as he is directed will inform you from time to time of the Quantities of live Cattle
                            which will be necessary and where they are to be delivered. I have the honor to be &c.
                        To the States ofNew HampshireMassachusettsRhode IslandConnecticutNew YorkNew JerseyPennsylvaniaDelawareMaryland

                     Enclosure

                            Places of deposit for the Specific Articles demanded of the States by the Resolve of Congress of the 4th November 1780.
                            New Hampshire 1st 2d  3d deposits of Rum to be at Charles Town No. 4.  The last deposit to remain at
                                Portsmouth for further Orders. The Salt Meat to be deposited at Portsmouth and Charlestown No. 4—in the following
                                proportions—all on the East side of Merimack River to be carried to Portsmouth—and all on the West side to Charles
                                town No. 4.Massachusetts.To deposit their Salt provision and Salt at Springfield and Great Barrington in
                                equal proportions, except the last delivery of Salt which may wait the Commissary’s order at Boston.The 1st 2d and 3d delivery of Rum, two thirds at Great Barrington—one third at Springfield—The last
                                delivery of this Article to remain at Boston for further orders.Rhode Island. The whole to be delivered at Providence except the Fresh Meat.Connecticut. The Salt provisions and Salt to be delivered at or near Bulls Iron Works and Hanford in
                                equal proportions. The 1st 2d and 3d deliveries of Rum at or near Bulls Iron Works. The last at Hanford.New York.700 Barrels of Flour}Fort Schuyler.350 do Beef or PorkThe remainder of the Salt Meat and Flour at West Point, Fishkill, New Windsor and Albany.New Jersey. The whole of the Salt, Salt Meat and Flour at Morris Town, Pitts Town, Sussex Court House and
                                Ringwood, as may suit the State, as to the quantities at each.
										  Pennsylvania.Fort Pitt2400Bbls Flour1000bbls Salt Meat or salt equivalent to put up that quantity upon the spot7000Gallons Spirits.Carlisle 800Bbls Flour3000Gallons Spirits250Bbls Salt Meat or salt equivalent to put up that quantity on the SpotWyoming200Bbls Flour1000Gallons Spirits.100Bushels SaltLancaster1000Bbls Flour3000Gallons Spirits500Bushels SaltEaston10,000Bbls FlourPhiladaAll the remainder of Salt, salt Meat, Flour and Rum
										  Delaware. The whole of the Salt, Salt Meat, Flour and Rum at Christiana Bridge.Maryland 1/3 of Salt, Salt Meat, Flour and Rum at the Head of Elk—The remaining 2/3ds which are
                                intended for the Southern Army at Baltimore and George Town in such proportions as may suit the State.Virginia and North Carolina. Genl Greene or Commanding Officer in Southern department to fix the
                                places of deposit.


Title: From George Washington to George Clinton, 10 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, George

                            Dr Sir,
                            New Windsor 10th Decemr 1780

                        I thank you for the perusal of the inclosed proceedings of the Convention at Hartford.
                        The letter herewith, left open for your perusal to Genl Clinton, calls for Majr Davis; and such Officers as
                            you may want, & he can spare, for the purpose of Recruiting Men for the York Battalions. You will be so good
                            therefore as to act in this matter as you shall think best. With much esteem & respect I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt
                            & Afft Hble Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to James Clinton, 10 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Clinton, James

                            Dear Sir
                            New Windsor 10th Decr 1780

                        Upon receipt of this you will send Majr Davis of Wisenfeldts Regiment to his Excellency Governr Clinton,
                            whose Orders he is to obey—You will be pleased to send such other Officers as the Governor may require, & the
                            State of the Regimts in the York line can spare, to his Excellency, for the purpose of Recruiting—They will receive their
                            Instructions from him—and a Reimbursement of their Expences from the State.
                        As it will be a less waste of time (every moment of which is precious) it is probable the Governor may
                            furnish the means, & send his Instructions through you to the Officers who may Recruit in the Northern &
                            Western parts of the State—In this case you will give every assistance in your power to facilitate this important
                            business. I am Dr Sir Yr Obedt Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to William Heath, 10 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Heath, William

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 10th Decemr 1780

                        I am favd with yours of the 9th. From the representation made by General Clinton and Colo. Hay of the supply
                            of Meat in the Northern department, I do not think there will be any need of sending the 100 Barrels of salt Beef to
                            Albany. You will endeavour to have it distributed in the different Works.
                        Under present circumstances, we should rather increase than diminish the discharge of the Levies, and such of
                            the three years Men whose times are nearly out, and who are unfit for duty for want of Cloathes had better be discharged
                            than new cloathed out of our slender Stock.
                        If our Magazine of provision was ample, it would make no great odds whether the officers drew their extra
                            Rations upon the issuing days, or once or twice a Month—But by letting them lay, they may perhaps demand their due Bills
                            at times when we are particularly distressed. I therefore think they had best draw regularly, or not let them lay more
                            than a week behind hand.
                        I have no objection to the State Cloathiers delivering out to the troops what Articles they have upon hand,
                            under this strict injunction, that they, immediately after the Issue, make returns to the Cloathier General of the
                            Quantity delivered. If they do not do this, they will not be allowed to draw any thing from the public store when the
                            general Issue is made.
                        I gave you my sentiments the day before yesterday upon the manner of Colo. Hazen arresting Majr Reid. He
                            ought, I think, either to go into the trial immediately, or withdraw the Arrest untill he can come to a certainty of the
                            time when his proofs will be ready. He may otherwise keep him the whole Winter in confinement.
                        At this season, Beef sufficient for a Week may be safely killed and carried on to the Point. I do not think
                            the River will ever remain in an impassable state more than that time—As to Flour, we can only hope for a better supply. I
                            am Dear Sir Yr most obt Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Bartholomew von Heer, 10 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Heer, Bartholomew von

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 10th Decr 1780

                        You will be pleased to make to me as soon as possible an accurate return of the Men and Horses in your
                            troop—the quantity of Cloathing and number of Arms—Accoutrements and furniture of every kind fit for service, and what
                            will be your deficiencies for the next Campaign. You will also make a return of all the Articles of Cloathing and
                            Accoutrements drawn by the troop since the 1st Sepr 1779. The foregoing are called for by the Board of War, for their
                            government, as they are directed by Congress to make provision for the Cavalry. I am &c.


Title: From George Washington to Gouverneur Morris, 10 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Morris, Gouverneur

                            Dear Sir,
                            New Windsor 10th Decr 1780

                        Your letter of the 28th Ulto I met with on my way to these quarters, where I arrived on the 6th Instt. The
                            suggestions contained in it required no apology, as it gives me pleasure at all times to know the sentiments of others
                            upon matters of public utility—Those however which you have delivered relative to an enterprize against the enemy in New
                            York, exhibit strong evidence how little the World is acquainted with the circumstances, and strength of our Army.
                        A small second embarkation took place about the middle of last month—if another is
                            in contemplation to take effect at the reduction of our force (which I think exceedingly
                            probable) it is too much in embryo to form more than conjectural opinions of it at this time. But I will suppose it large and that not more than 6,000 regular Troops will be left behind—Where are the Men—where
                            are the Provisions—where are the Cloaths—the every thing necessary to warrant the attempt you propose, in an inclement
                            Season?
                        Our numbers, never equal to those of the enemy in New York—Our State lines, never half compleat in Men, but
                            perfectly so in every species of want, were diminished in the Field so soon as the Weather
                            began to grow cold—near 2,000 Men, on account of Cloaths which I had not to give, nor ought to have given, (supposing a
                            surplusage) to the levies, whose dismission was near at hand. And now to prevent the man who is
                            a permanent Soldier from starving, I am obliged, in place of calling in the aid of Militia, for new enterprizes, to
                            dismiss the levies on acct of the Provision.
                        Under this description of our circumstances (which is not high coloured)—and when to it, is added, that
                            instead of getting Lumber from Albany for building Barracks on York Island in the manner; & for the purposes you
                            mention, that we have neither money nor credit adequate to the purchase of a few boards for doors to our log Huts. When
                            every ounce of Forage that has been used all the latter part of the Campaign—and a good deal of the Provision, has been
                            taken at the point on the Bayonet—When we were from the Month of May to the month of September assembling Militia that
                            ought to have been in the Field by the middle of July, and then obliged to dismiss them for want of supplies—When we
                            cannot dispatch an Officer or a common Express upon the most urgent occasion for want of the means of support. and when I
                            further add, but this is a matter of trivial concern, because it is of a personal nature that I have not been able to
                            obtain a farthing of public money for the support of my Table for near two months, you can be at no loss, as I have before
                            observed, to discover the impracticability of executing the measure you suggested, even supposing the enemy’s numbers were
                            reduced to your standard, but which by the way, neither is, nor will be the case till the reduction of our Army takes
                            place—the period for which they know as well as we do, & will, I have little doubt, govern themselves accordingly.
                        An earnest desire however of closing the Campaign with some degree of eclat, led me to investigate the means,
                            most thoroughly, of doing it, & my wishes had so far got the better of my judgment, that I had actually made some
                            pretty considerable advances in the prosecution of a plan for this purpose when alas! I found the means inadequate to the
                            end, & that it was with difficulty I could remove the Army to its respective places of Cantonment, where it would
                            be well for the Troops if like Chamelions they cd live upon Air—or like the Bear suck their paws for sustenance during the
                            rigour of the approaching season. I am Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, 10 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 10th Decemr 1780

                        I have recd your Excellency’s favors of the 14th 16th 24th and 27th of November and 1st of this month. In
                            apology for suffering so many of your letters to remain so long unanswered, I must assure you, that I have been constantly
                            employed, since I broke up my Camp near passaic Falls, in visiting the winter Cantonments of the Army between Morris town
                            and this place.
                        I have experienced the highest satisfaction in the Visits which the Chevalier Chattellus—Viscount
                            Noialles—Count de Damas—Count de Custine and Marquis de Laval have done me the honor to make me. I have only to regret
                            that their stay with me was so short. I unfortunately missed seeing the Count de deux ponts, who had left my quarters, on
                            his way to Philadelphia, before I arrived at them. I, however, flatter myself, that I shall have the pleasure of seeing
                            him on his return.
                        I very much approve of your intention of quartering the second Division in Connecticut rather than in
                            Massachusetts. The troops will certainly be more convenient to the probable scene of operations.
                        I shall withdraw the Chain of our Dragoons, and shall in future send my dispatches to the Duke Lauzun at
                            Lebanon as your Excellency desires.
                        I wish it were in my power to furnish your Excellency with the New York papers; but as our communication with
                            that place is very irregular, I only obtain them accidentally. I now inclose you one, which contains nothing material, but
                            the account of the late dreadful Hurricane in the West Indies.
                        I take the opportunity of sending this by Colonel Fleury, who returns to your Army. I was made very happy in
                            again seeing that amiable and valuable Officer, whose services I have experienced upon so many occasions. I have the Honor
                            to be with very great Respect Your Excellency’s Most obt and humble Servant

                            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, Baron [von] Steuben, 10 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, Baron [von]

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor Decr 10th 1780

                        I have received the three Letters you did me the favor to write, before you Left Philadelphia; and have made,
                            representation to Congress respecting the Inspector Department agreeable to your request.
                        This Moment I am also favored with Yours of the 24th Ulto from Richmond, and am pleased to find you are still
                            pursuing, with indefatigable industry, those measures which will tend so much to promote the public Service.
                        You will see by the Dating of this Letter that Head Quarters are at the same place they were in the Campaign
                            of 1779—The Army is Cantoned in the following manner: the Pennsylvania Line near Morris Town—the Jersey Brigade at the
                            entrance of the Clove to cover the Communication—the New York Brigade in the Vicinity of Albany furnishing the Garrison of
                            Fort Schuyler—and the New England Lines at West Point & its dependencies; the Regts much weakened by discharging
                            the Levies.
                        It is reported from New York that the Enemy are about to make another Detachment, consisting of 1 Battalion
                            Grenadiers—1 Batt. Lt Infantry—1 Batt. Hessian Grenadiers—Knyphausen’s Regt—42nd British—a Draft of 5 Men from each
                            Company in the Line, and two Troops of Light Dragoons, under the Generals Knyphausen & Philips—their destination
                            conjectured to be Southward. I shall be glad to hear from you often & am Dear Baron with great esteem &
                            regard Your Most Obedt Hble Servt


Title: To George Washington from Anthony Wayne, 10 December 1780
From: Wayne, Anthony
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            Mount Kemble 10th Decr 1780

                        I was this morning honored with your favor of the 7th, & the company of the Count de Custine,
                            & the Marquis de Laval, to breakfast, who have since proceeded on their way to Phila attended by Lt Colo.
                            Mantzen.
                        Major Fishbourn has this moment returned from Elizabethtown, with the Inclosed Intelligence & papers,
                            which is Corroborated by the Information of two Deserters from the 54th who left Paulus Hook on thursday.
                        our Hutts are nearly Completed, I had traced out a kind of Citadel, consisting of three small redoubts, the
                            whole to be joined by a Stockade, but if this Embarkaton actually takes place, I believe I
                            shall content myself with some Strong Hutts, in the Nature of Block-houses, surrounded by good Abbatis, in which we shall
                            fix the Camp Grounds, their position is such, as to give great strength & security to our Camp.
                        I expect a person out of N. York tomorrow evening, should he bring any material Intelligence I will
                            communicate it the soonest possible.
                        We experience great Difficulties from the total want to Dragoons, I wish a few could be procured. I have the
                            Honor to be your Excellency’s most Obt & very Hume Sert

                            Anty Wayne

                     Enclosure

                                Elizth Town Decem. 8th 1780

                            In the Embarkation.
                            1 Batn Granadiers British 1 Do German 1 Batn Light Infantry 42d Regt British Knythausen’s Regt German
                                Drafts of 5 men from Each Company through the Whole Army the Amount of Whole Not Known Two Companies horse the
                                Embarked Last Monday Tuesday and Wednesday The horse will Embark this Day.
                            the Army under Lislee is Embarked from Virgina and Landed at Cape fear North Carolina A Vessel Arrived on
                                wednesday Morning and Brought this Account.
                            the Destination of the fleet fitting out Thought to be Bound to the Southward Knypthausens Commands them
                                with Genl Phillips the Infamous Arnold is one of the Brigadier Genls.
                            A Man of War and A Packet is Arrived from England with Dispatches Nothing Material yet Transpired.

                     Enclosure

                                    c.10 December 1780

                            Intelligence.  two Deserters from the 54th who left Paulus Hook last thursday,
                                & arrived at Mount Kemble the 10th Decr 1780. Viz.
                            The Grandr Light Infantry 42nd & three Hessian Regiments, were in General
                                Orders for Embarkation last sunday—or this day week, & that two Regiments from Europe landed at a place called
                                Yellow Hook on tuesday.

                                A. Wayne


Title: General Orders, 11 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

                                Head Quarters New Windsor Monday December 11. 1780

                        A Captain two Subs. three Serjeants three corporals and Fifty oarsmen from the Connecticut Line are to be
                            furnished with Boats and reinforce the water Guard. This detachment to be from the Light Infantry companies—The Captain
                            will apply without delay to Head Quarters for Instructions.
                        The General having observed several boats adrift in the river and apprehending many may be lost, directs the
                            Quarter master General to consult with Major General Heath and settle the number necessary for the use of the Garrison of
                            West Point; and that the remainder be removed and properly laid up at Murderers Creek; those that are scattered on the
                            river are to be collected and secured in the same manner.
                        A return of blankets hats shirts coats waistcoats breeches or overalls stockings and shoes Good Bad and
                            Wanting in the regiments of Infantry Artillery and Sappers and Miners to be made to the Adjutant General on saturday
                            next—none are to be included but men inlisted for the war and those who have three months to serve from this time. It is
                            expected that the commanding officers of regiments will see that the above Returns are made with accuracy and that any
                            clothing lately received immediately from State agents or clothiers is taken into the account—as all such is as much a
                            continental supply as that drawn from the Clothier General. The commanding officers of lines are desired to direct their
                            state clothiers to make at the same time returns of what they have upon hand.
                        At a Division General court martial held in the Connecticutt line by order of Brigadier General Huntington:
                            Lieutenant Colonel Gray President: Lieutenant Wales of the 4th Connecticutt regiment was tried on the following charges.
                        1st For being Absent from Camp from the 18th of September 1779 ’till the 20th of May 80 without Liberty.
                        2d For being Absent from July the 3d ’till the 14th of October following after having obtained Liberty for
                            five days only, promising at the same time upon his Word and Honor to return within the limited time.
                        The Court considering the difficulty of procuring clothing at that time and also that none was provided by
                            the State together with the evidences and reasons of Lieutenant Wales’s absence, are of opinion that he was not
                            unnecessarily absent and do therefore acquit him of both charges.
                        The Commander in Chief confirms the opinion of the Court Lieutenant Wales is released from Arrest.


Title: To George Washington from Francis Barber, 11 December 1780
From: Barber, Francis
To: Washington, George

                            Sir,
                            Pumpton Decemr 11th 1780

                        I take the liberty of requesting your Excellency’s instructions respecting Captain Gifford of the regiment I
                            belong to, who was lately exchanged. Perhaps you are not unacquainted with the manner in which he was made prisoner last
                            winter at Elizabeth town and with the unfavorable suspicions as to his present principles and intentions.
                        About ten days ago he fell in with the regiment on its march from West point to this place, when he informed
                            me, he was not exchanged, altho he expected soon to be, but was out on parole until the 14th instant, and must then return
                            to Long Island. Having had my own suspicions of him, which were in a few days after confirmed by those of others,
                            particularly gentlemen who had come from captivity; and he being about to return to Elizth town, in his way, as he said,
                            to the Island, as also being informed that he was actually exchanged, I directed him to consider himself under my orders
                            & in arrest for crimes commited previous to his captivity, particularly disobedience of
                            orders in leaving the regiment a day or two before he was taken, against liberty.
                        I was apprehensive of dangerous consequences from his continuing with the regiment & therefore
                            permited him to go to Elizth town, there to remain until called for. A few days after I received the inclosed letter from
                            him with his commission.
                        I am not possessed of any proof against Mr Gifford, otherwise I
                            should have seized his person, & committed him to a safe place. The information I had as yet is only
                            circumstantial, but gives great reason to suppose, that he is in the enemy’s interest & perhaps is about to join
                            Arnolds corps.
                        The bearer is my servant, whom I send on this errand in particular & by whom I request your
                            Excellency’s orders. I have the honor to be, with the most sincere sentiments, your Excellency’s most obedient and very
                            humble servant

                            F. Barber
                            Lieut: Col: 3rd J. regt

   I mean as to his being in the enemy’s interest.


Title: To George Washington from William Heath, 11 December 1780
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            Garrison West point Decr 11th 1780

                        The last evening I was honored with yours of yesterday Shall attend to its Injunctions.
                        a quantity of Flour has Just arrived which has relieved us from great distress. I have the honor to be with
                            the greatest respect Your Excellencys most obedt Servt

                            W. Heath


Title: From George Washington to Benjamin Lincoln, 11 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Lincoln, Benjamin

                            My dear Sir,
                            New Windsor 11th Decr 1780.

                        I have received your favors of the 25th & 28th of last month, and it gives me very great pleasure to
                            find that you are appointed to a Committee the subject of whose deliberations you are so well acquainted with—and it adds
                            not a little to my satisfaction to hear, that it is generally composed of Gentlemen remarkable for their good sense
                            & patriotism, at a time when there never was greater occasion for men of those qualifications.
                        The general good disposition prevailing in the State, to promote measures of public utility, is also a happy
                            presage that matters will mend, in your quarter at least—But how unfortunate is it, that the fatal system of temporary
                            inlistments should still have such an influence, as to have prevailed upon your Legislature to adopt the measure of
                            raising their recruits for three years only? which in other words, is nothing more nor less, than an inducement to the
                            enemy to prosecute the War three years longer.
                        You have, to your cost, been a witness to the pernicious consequences attending a temporary Army, and have
                            therefore the better right to point out to your fellow Citizens what may be expected while the system is pursued. I will
                            still hope that they will upon a reconsideration of the matter, and conformably to the requisition of Congress, determine
                            upon raising their men for the War only.
                        I have, by this opportunity, transmitted to his Excellency the Governor an Acct of the places which will be,
                            in my opinion, most convenient & proper for the deposit of Salt, Salt meat, & Rum—The Weekly, or monthly
                            supplies of Beef Cattle, & the places at which they are to be delivered, will be pointed out occasionally by the
                            Commissary General—He is not at present with the Army—I can therefore only say, that if he has given no directions to the
                            contrary, the present monthly demand should be complied with. Should it amount to more than the consumption the best can
                            be Salted down on their arrival here.
                        Your remarks on the last clause of the Act of requisition are undoubtedly very just, and I am confident it
                            will be found upon examination that some States have been largely deficient in their specific supplies; otherwise we
                            should not at this alarming period of the year, be destitute of Flour for which I see no other chance of a supply than the
                            State of New York being obliged to take measures that will be very disagreeable, & most oppressive to individuals.
                            It is a matter of delicacy with me to complain to Congress of the default of any of the States, or to criticize upon their
                            own Acts. And I should therefore be very happy to see any of the Legislatures take the matter up, & point out the
                            dangers arising from such a latitude as is given in the case to which you allude.
                        To add to our other difficulties, the situation of the Army in respect to Cloathing, is really distressing.
                            By collecting all our remnants, and those of a thousand colors & kinds, we shall scarcely make them
                            comfortable—Uniformity, one of the essentials of discipline, & every thing in the appearance of a Soldier, must be
                            dispensed with. and what makes the matter more mortifying is, that we have, I am positively assured, Ten thousand compleat
                            suits ready in France & laying there because our public Agents cannot agree whose business it is to ship them—a
                            quantity has also lain in the West-Indies for more than Eighteen Months, owing probably to some such cause.
                        You tell me there is Cloathing enough lately arrived in private bottoms to supply the Army—This my dear Sir
                            is only tantalizing the naked—such is the miserable state of Continental credit that we cannot command a yard of it. Some
                            of the States may, & I hope will derive an advantage from it, in which case I hope they will attend to the colors
                            proper for their uniform—I informed them all very lately, to what a miserable condition the
                            Troops would be reduced except that would lay them selves out for Cloathing—I am certain that had our Supply of that
                            article been ample we could have enlisted a great proportion of the Levies, who would for the sake of Cloaths have
                            dispensed with the money bounty, for the present. With every Sentiment of regard & Affection I am—Dr Sir Your
                            Obedt Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Peter Olcott, 11 December 1780
From: Olcott, Peter
To: Washington, George

                            New Hampshire Grants contiguous to Connecticut river
                            Sir
                            Decr 11th 1780

                        We have a frontier on this River of about one hundred miles extent, and lie exposed to incursions from Canada
                            whenever the enemy please—In this situation we have repeatedly made application to Congress—Your Excellency and adjacent
                            States, for assistance not withstanding which, we are now with out any force for defence... We are in a State of Anarchy and
                            must continue so till Congress ascertain which of the United States have right of jurisdiction over us, or whether a New
                            State be admitted on these Grants; which we think is unreasonably postponed; and till that is determined it cannot be
                            expected that we defend ourselves—We are about eighteen or twenty thousand in number, who are in this deplorable
                            situation, and are the only object now remaining on the northern frontier worthy the attention of the Enemy—and without
                            supply of arms, ammunition or military command. They have already begun their devastations among us and we are in
                            continual expectation of total destruction—which will unavoidably take place unless we have speedy relief... The damage they
                            have done in destruction of grain, forage and cattle at Royalton & towns adjacent in october last is more than
                            would have been sufficient to have supported such party one year, as would be necessary for our defence—We have plenty of
                            grain, and imagine there would be no difficulty in procuring a sufficient supply for an Army into Canada, could it be
                            secured before the season admits its transportation—and unless we have assistance soon we have reason to expect the
                            Inhabitants will take the earliest opportunity to transport not only their spare provisions but all their effects to
                            places of better security and we fear will totally abandon the Country, thereby enlarge the frontier so that nearly the
                            whole New England force will be necessary to defend it, and instead of our supporting with provisions a number of
                            inhabitants, in the N. England States equal to our own, they will be obliged to support among themselves the large number
                            of Inhabitants now in this Country.
                        We therefore entreat your Excellency’s immediate attention, and that you will not delay proper measures for
                            our better security; without which we are undone, and a most fatal injury will unavoidably accrue to the American Cause.
                            We are with highest sentiments of duty and esteem Your Excellency’s most obedient & most humble Servants

                            Norwich
                            Peter Olcott Select Man
                            Abel Curtiss T. Clerk
                            Elisha Burton Capt.
                            Joseph Hatch Capt.
                            Hanover
                            Solomon Cushman Capt.
                            John House Committee Man
                            Select Men of Dresden
                            Beza: Woodward
                            Eber Brewster
                            Aaron Storrs


Title: To George Washington from Israel Shreve, 11 December 1780
From: Shreve, Israel
To: Washington, George

                            Jersey-Camp, Pompton 11th Decr 1780.

                        I was honored with Your Excellency’s favor of the 7th instant, on the morning of the 9th following;
                            accompanied by your instructions of a former date.
                        I immediately marched the Brigade to this place, where we are industriously employed in building our huts.
                        Our situation is about a mile from the entrance of the Clove mentioned in Your Excellency’s orders; on a bye
                            road, leading from the Ringwood-road to Bloomingdale; & very convenient for wood & water.
                        Enclosed is also a letter of intelligence, from a person employed for that purpose. I have the honor to be
                            Your Excellency’s Mos. Obdt Servt

                            I. Shreve Col. Comt


Title: To George Washington from Zebulon Butler, 12 December 1780
From: Butler, Zebulon
To: Washington, George

                            May it Please your Excellency,
                            Garrision Wyoming Decemr 12th 1780

                        This Waits on you with a return of the Garrision we have lately had a Visit from the Enemy: a Party of twenty
                            five men one of Whom Disarted to us, his Account I have Inclos’d, they have took seven men Prisoners,
                            that had Moved four miles from the Garrision, with their families, they Lift the Women and Children unhurt, took the Men
                            and Provisions and some Clothing with them, and Pushed of the same Night, this was done without fireing a Gun. I heard of
                            it the next Morning and sent a Party after them who followed them two Days but Coud not pursue any further for want
                            Provissions, as we have had no flower at this Post this two Months, we have had Quantities Procured for this Post and I
                            Sent soldiers for it but it was Stopped at Sunsbery and made use of thiore by Goverr Reids Order. I have Accquinted
                            Congress with those Matters. I Have the Hounour to be Your Excellencys Most Obt Humle Servt

                            Zebn Butler C.C.

                     Enclosure

                                Garrision Wyoming Decr 7th 1780

                            This day Came to the Post Thomas Connelly A disarter—from a Party of the Enemy of Twenty white Men and
                                five Indians who left Niagara Twenty two days before they Arrived here, he says he is Oraginally from Ireland is 20
                                Years of Age Came to this Country in 1772 and has been a servant to one Thomas Williamsan—Indian Trader, most of the
                                time a mong the Indians, But his time was out with his Master, about a Year ago he Engagd in the Ranger Service with
                                Tory Butler, he says the Post of Niagara is Command by General Powel, who took that Command in Febry last the Number
                                of Troops of White men Convists of About—Six Hundred Including the rangers—the Indians are very unsteady Sometimes
                                Near Two Thousand Men Women & Children who all draw Rations, that in Octor Last the Ontaris a New Ship of 20
                                Guns was lost on the Lake, Colo. Bolton With about 350 Men of the 34th Regt who ware goeing to Canada all Perished, he
                                also Informs that about Two Months ago John Monture (one of the Indians head Warriers) was Killed near this Post, By a
                                small Party that Came a Cross them as they ware on their Return from fort Allen, and that before he Engaged in the
                                British Service he has lived at Detroit and Says Detroit is very thick Settld with Inhabatants for thirty Miles in
                                lenghth who are very feavourably Inclind towards the Country but dare not Appear Open in it, that they have Built a
                                New fort, there and the Garrision Consist of about 300 Men Command by Capt. Bird.
                            He says Butler & Brant had returnd to Niagara from their Expedition to the Mohawk River and
                                Johnston was gone down to Canada and did not Come that way.


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Chase, 12 December 1780
From: Chase, Samuel
To: Washington, George

                            Sr
                            Cornish Decr 12 1780

                        You will please to excuse us, in urging the Necessity of Supporting this Frontier, which from Charlestown
                            & upwards, contains More than one Hundred & Twenty Miles; and is greatly exposed to a total Desolation by
                            the Enemy. We must be of Opinion, that not only the Safety of the Inhabitants of this River; but the Grand Cause of
                            America, depends much upon uniting Canady with these States; And that, as one Town not a great Distance from us, has
                            Suffered A Conflagration by the Enemy, unless an Expedition against Canady is formed, we fear great part of this Frontier
                            will suffer in like manner, or be necessitated to leav their Habitations.
                        We Shall do every thing in our Power to forward an Expedition into Canady; having been heretofore apply’d to,
                            by the Commissary of purchases, we have now on Hand three Thousand Bushels of Grain unpaid for which is at the Continents
                            Service; We presume large quantities might now be purchased, in this Quarter; But as we have been necessitated to guard
                            what is now on Hand, at our own Expence, we are of Opinion, that the grain in this Quarter cannot long be Secure, unless
                            defended by the Country, but must be transported. We are Your Excellencys very Humble Servants

                            Samuel Chase Inhabitants of Cornish
                            Dudley Chase
                            Jonth. Chase


Title: From George Washington to Daniel Niven, 12 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Niven, Daniel

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 12th Decemr 1780

                        The Logs which supported the Chain at West point are so water soaken that they will not do to lay down
                            another summer—You will therefore proceed with a party in search of the proper Timber to make new Floats, and wherever you
                            find it cut it down. The Qr Mr General will have directions to find the means of transporting it to the Water. I am Sir Yr
                            most ot Servt


Title: From George Washington to Charles Willson Peale, 12 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Peale, Charles Willson

                            Dr Sir,
                            New Windsor 12th Decr 1780

                        I perswade my self you will embrace the oppertunity of the Marquis la Fayette’s visit to Philadelphia to give
                            the picture of him the finishing touches. You may not have another oppertunity and I wish for its completion. I am Dr Sir
                            Yr obedt Servt

                            Go: Washington

                            P.S. as I presume you must be done with my picture of the King of Prussia ’ere this I should be glad to
                                have it returned to me.


Title: To George Washington from James Willing, 12 December 1780
From: Willing, James
To: Washington, George

                            Honble Sir
                            Long Island Decr 12th 1780

                        I have the honor of addressing your Excellency upon the most disagreable subject I have ever wrote on. I find
                            by Commy Genl Skinner that the British will not Exchange me unless they receive a Lt Colo. for me, I was captur’d as
                            Master & Commander of an Arm’d Vessell in the United States service, and held no rank in the Line of the Army
                            higher than a Captain with respect to my Command refer you to Brigd. Genl Edwd Hand, who will inform you of the Orders he
                            recv’d from Congress respecting me—My situation is truly deplorable Major Skinner can inform you of it. resting assur’d
                            your Excellency will exert yourself in my favour I have the honor to be your Excelly most Obt & very hble sert

                            Jas: Willing


Title: From George Washington to Francis Barber, 13 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Barber, Francis

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 13th Decemr 1780

                        I have recd your favr of the 11th. If there are good reasons for suspecting Capt. Giffords fidelity, I would
                            by no means give him a discharge from the Army, because he might then go off to the enemy, and we should not have it in
                            our power to treat him as a deserter should he fall into our hands again. I would at any rate bring him to a trial on his
                            arrest—something may, in the course of it, turn up, which may give sufficient grounds for securing him afterwards, if the
                            sentence of the Court should not find him guilty in a military point of light—Should he be cashierd, and then go off, the
                            enemy will not have much to boast of, from the acquisition of such a character. I am &c.

                            P.S. I am informed that a considerable embarkation has taken place at New York. If Colo. Dayton is yet
                                below, and you can contrive a line to him, be pleased to desire him to let me know, whether he has heard of such a matter and the
                                particulars—be pleased also to forward the letter for Mr Adams.


Title: From George Washington to Nathanael Greene, 13 December 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Greene, Nathanael

                            Dear Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor 13th Decemr 1780

                        I have received your favors of the 13th & 19th of last month from Mount Vernon and Richmond. I wish
                            your Business had permitted you to have staid longer at the former.
                        It is happy for you, that you went to the Southward prepared to meet difficulties, which I fear will increase
                            as you go forward. I know of nothing which can relieve us in respect to Cloathing but the arrival of the quantity long
                            expected from France. There is an ample supply upon the Continent, but the miserable state of our finance keeps it out of
                            our reach.
                        I foresee that the arrangement of the Virginia line, upon the new establishment, will be attended with very
                            great difficulty, on account of the number of Officers who are prisoners. The reform will fall upon the Feild Officers and
                            Captain principally upon the former, and you must therefore endeavour to know the sentiments of those in captivity in
                            Charlestown, by writing to Genl Scott or the eldest Officer, and desiring him to enquire, who are willing to remain in
                            service and who wish to retire. If they cannot come to an agreement among themselves, the Resolve of Congress points out
                            the mode of settling it finally.
                        The States, by a Resolve of the 4th of Novemr, are called upon for specific supplies of Fresh and Salt
                            Meat—Salt—Flour and Rum; and I am directed to point out the most convenient places of deposit in each State. The supplies
                            of Virginia and North Carolina being totally allotted to the use of the southern Army, I have desired the Governors to
                            consult with you upon the proper places—Two thirds of those of Maryland being also intended for the southward. I have
                            directed that proportion to be lodged at Baltimore and George town.
                        I have just received information from a person who was employed by the Marquis, and who speaks confidently
                            and from his own knowledge, that an embarkation, under the command of Gens. Knyphausen and Phillips, had begun at New
                            York, upon the 8th instant—consisting of 1 Battn Grenadiers, 1 Battn Lt Infantry—1 Battn Hessian Grenadiers, 42d
                            Regt—Knyphausens Regt 2 troops Lt Dragoons and 5 Men from a Company of the remaining part of the Army. This would make
                            about 2500 Men. The destination, my informant says, is kept a secret, but suspected to be to the southward. He adds, that
                            an account had been received at New York that Leslie had relanded at Cape Fear.
                        Upon your arrival at the southern Army, you will be able to give me a more perfect account, of the situation
                            of Affairs in that quarter. I hope they may be better than you expect, and that you will, in the end, meet with every
                            success which you desire, and which your merit intitles you to. I am with very great Regard Dear Sir Your most obt and
                            humble Servt

                            Go: Washington


Title: From David Humphreys to William Heath, 13 December 1780
From: Humphreys, David
To: Heath, William

                            Sir
                            Head Quarters New Windsor Decr 13. 1780

                        I have the honor to acquaint you, by command of His Excellency, that Captain Welles has received instructions
                            from him, respecting the Guards Boats on the River; which he is directed to communicate to You; and to request you will be
                            pleased to order four or five of the lightest & best Boats at West Point or its dependencies, to be furnished for
                            their service. I have the honor to be With the highest respect Sir Your Most Obedt Hble Servt

                            D. Humphrys A.D.C.


Title: To George Washington from William Heath, 13 December 1780
From: Heath, William
To: Washington, George

                            Dear General
                            Garrison West Point Decr 13th 1780

                        On the receipt of the inclosed application from Mr Brooks, just before your arrival; I directed two Field
                            Officers from the Massachusetts Line, & one from Connecticutt Line, to make the survey—The Officer from the
                            Connecticutt Line was absent, the other two attended the service inclosed is their report.They inform me verbally that by
                            cutting & putting the parts of garments together, some good ones might be made from the damaged Cloathing—as for
                            instance—The forepart of a shirt & one sleeve may be good the other sleeve & back fit for nothing; parting
                            the two & throwing away one half would make a good shirt—The same is the case with the other articles, whether it
                            will be best to order the Clothier to have them overhawled & repaired, or sold, is submitted to your Excellencys
                            determination.
                        Yesterday Colonel Hazen informed me, that fifteen Prisoners of war had made their escape from the Provost at
                            Fish Kill, that it was supposed the Sentinels were bribed—The Sentinel & several of the guard are confined, in
                            order to tryal—It is really very unaccountable, that so many Prisoners have, at one time & another, made their
                            escape from that Provost—If our finances would admit of it, a better place of security I beleive is necessary—As soon as
                            it was known that the Prisoners had escaped, notice was given to all the out Guards & Patroles if possible to
                            apprehend them. I have the honor to be with the greatest respect Your Excellencys Most Obedient Servant

                            W. Heath

                     Enclosure

                                Sir,
                                Newburgh Decr 4th 1780.

                            I am directed by the Clothier General to make sale of Sundry damaged Clothing that is in store to raise
                                Some money for the difraying incidental Expences in the Department; and for that purpose to apply to you for two field
                                Officers to examine and condemn such Articles as may be unfit for service. I beg therefor you will be kind enough to
                                appoint two officers for the above purpose, & let them attend at my quarters as soon as may be convenient. I
                                am, Sir, Very respectfully, your Most Obedt & Very humble Servt

                                D. Brooks
                                Dep. Clo. Gen.

                     Enclosure

                                West Point 11th Decr 1780

                            Return of Damaged Cloathing in the Public Store at Newburgh December 8th 1780.
                            viz.
                            Fifty nine Coats
                            One hundred and thirty eight Vests
                            One hundred & six pr Woolen Breeches
                            Five hundred shirts
                            Fifteen pair Officers shoes
                            Four hundred and fifty seven pair common shoes
                            Five pair Morgusons
                            Ninety five pair Hose
                            Two hundred & eighty seven Linen Overhalls
                            Fifty Three pair Linen Gaiters
                            Three Hunting shirts
                            Fourteen pieces of Linen
                            Agreeable to General Orders of the 6th Inst. we the subscribers proceeded to New Burgh and found the
                                above Articles of Cloathing damaged.

                                J. Greaton Coll
                                Nathl Winslow Majr