Title: From George Washington to Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Hamilton, 2 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Hamilton, Alexander

            Dear sir
            Head Quarters Morris Town May 2d 1780

          The inclosed Letter of the 1st of March I received sometime ago from Doctor Gordon which a variety of pressing business has prevented me from communicating to You before. I request your determination on the points contained in it, that I may transmit it to the Doctor. You will be pleased to return me his Letter with the Inclosure to which it refers. I am Dr sir Your Most Obt Servt

            G. Washington


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Hamilton, 2 May 1780
From: Hamilton, Alexander
To: Washington, George

              Dr Sir,
              Morris Town May 2d 1780

            I am extremely sorry your Excellency has been troubled with the affair to which the papers transmitted in your letter of this morning relate. Admitting the possibility of Doctor Gordons not being the author of what I must always call a calumny, and had he not been an irreconcileable enemy to plain dealing, the matter might have been brought to a very easy issue, without the necessity of an appeal to you. My determination however on the contents of his letter will be a very summary one. I shall not follow him in his labored digressions, because the sense of some of them is to me unintelligible, and the rest do not merit an answer.
            So far from being disposed to comply with the Doctor’s conditions to avoid an inquiry, I consider the proposal he mad⟨e⟩ as a finishing stroke to that display of absurdity, littleness and effrontery, which characterises the whole proceeding on his part; and I defy the utmost extent of his malignity and intrigue. I shall ever continue to hold him in the highest

contempt—to ⟨mutilated⟩ him to be the conniver of the charge agai⟨nst⟩ me ’till he gives up some other person as the author, and to represent him as such to all those with whom I have occasion to converse on the subject. I shall also speak of him in those terms which a sense of injury, and a conviction of his worthlessness dictate.
            I hope Your Excellency will excuse the asperity of my expressions, which my respect for you would induce me to suppress, did I not owe it to my sensibility, wounded by the most barbarous attack upon my reputation and principles, to speak without reserve. I flatter myself, You Sir, are too well acquainted with my way of thinking to entertain the least doubt of my innocence; and I beg leave to assure you, that nothing will give me greater pleasure than to have the matter properly investigated. I am only apprehensive that the Doctor will so manage it as that it will be found inexpedient to bring it to a public discussion, and that the knowlege of circumstances will be confined to a few to be handed about as may best suit his purposes, to the prejudice of my character. Your Excellency too, I trust, will see the propriety of that delicacy by which I am withheld from making any formal appeal to public authority in my own justification. ’Tis the business of my accuser to bring me to justice, and by anticipating him, I should not fail to incur the imputation of self-importance. I have the honor to be Your Excellency’s Most Obedient and humble servant

              Alex. Hamilton

            I return Yr Excelly the papers from Doctor Gordon.


Title: General Orders, 3 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head Quarters Morristown Wednesday May 3d 1780
            Parole Boston  Countersigns I; U.

          [Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Colonel Stewart[,] Major Reed[,] Brigade Major Fish
          The Main Guard and Picquets to be relieved from Lord Stirling’s Division and the Pennsylvania Division.
          A Sub. three Serjeants and Forty rank and file with their Arms Blankets & two days Provisions from these Divisions to be sent to Morristown

tomorrow morning: The Officer will receive orders from the Quarter master General.


Title: From George Washington to William Gordon, 3 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Gordon, William

            Dear Sir,
            Head Qrs Morris Town May 3d 1780

          I received some time ago Your Letter of the 29th of February & 1st of March by Colo. Henley. From a multiplicity of important-pressing business which I have had on hand—I was prevented from communicating it to Colo. Hamilton till yesterday. It was then put into his hands, as You will perceive by the inclosures No. 1 & 2, a Copy of my Letter to him upon the occasion & his Answer. While I must ascribe it to your politeness—I regret that the consideration of Colo. Hamilton’s being a member of my family should have been a motive for bringing so disagreable a business before me. The Gentlemen attached to me are upon the same footing with the other Officers of the Army and equally responsible for their conduct. You will pursue such a mode in the present case as You deem most effectual, but if You should think proper to exhibit any charge against Colo. Hamilton cognizable by a Military tribunal, you have only to signify your wish and the time You will be able to produce your witnesses, and I shall proceed in it accordingly.
          As far as the temper and disposition of the several Courts of Europe are developed, & known to Us—the assisting of Gt Britn does not app[ea]r to be an object with them; and yet, if we are to form a judgment from report, & indeed from appearances, the King & his Ministers are firmly resolved to prosecute the War in America with unabating vigour—depending, it is to be presumed—upon the wretched state of our money, more than they do on the expectation of foreign aid. If the plan of finance, adopted by Congress, should receive that general support which the exigency of the times loudly call for, and which I hope, & trust, it will not fail to do from every well wisher to his Country, I believe the foundation on which the enemy have superstructed their plans, will give way and leave the contrivers & authors of the present mischief to that punishment wch an injured & deceived people are ready to inflict & which the populace of England as well as Ireland seem now to be preparing—For this purpose a spirit is gone forth & is now manifesting itself I hope undr the appo. of Associatn—Comees &ca—that it may also be the harbinger of Peace to this distressed Country, I most fervently wish.
          For your good wishes, you will please to accept my sincere thanks—My

best respects, in which Mrs Washington joins, are presented to Mrs Gordon—& complimts to all enquiring frds. I am—Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt Servt

            Go: Wash⟨ington⟩


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 3 May 1780
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Morris Town 3rd May 1780.

          Being again destitute of Money, and the Expresses (who are in the same situation) having a considerable sum due to them, I am under the necessity of asking for another Warrant on the Military Chest for fifteen or twenty thousand Dollars: if this can be granted, the public service will be benefited, and I much obliged. With great Respect, I am Your Excellency’s Most Obedient & Hume Servt

            Nath. Greene Q.M.G.


Title: General Orders, 4 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head Quarters Morristown Thursday May 4th 1780
            Parole Freehold  Countersigns Fez Foye

          [Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Lieutenant Colonel Commandant Wessenfels[,] Major J. Moore[,] Brigade Major Stark’s Brigade
          Lord Stirling’s and the Pennsylvania Divisions give the Main Guard and picquet tomorrow.
          A Serjeant Corporal and twelve rank & file from Lord Stirling’s Division for fatigue to be sent to the Adjutant General’s quarters Tomorrow morning.
          As part of the Army were absent when the General order relative to the pay of Officers sent on Command was publish’d on the 18th of September last the General repeats the Order.
          The little attention paid to the Resolve of Congress of the 4th of September last published in the General Orders of the 25th and the number of accompts exhibited on Certificates repugnant to that Resolve; and the order accompanying it oblige the Commander in Chief to declare that henceforth no Warrants shall be given for payment of any Accompts produced in consequence of that Resolve unless the officers applying have been detached by a special order from himself or commanding officer of a department. The mode of obtaining such order will be by a Certificate from the Major General or Brigadier from whose Division or Brigade the officer is to be sent specifying the nature and necessity of the service to be performed.


Title: From George Washington to Henry Champion, Sr., 4 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Champion, Henry Sr.

            Sir
            Head Quarters Morris town 4th May 1780

          I have had the pleasure of receiving yours of the 18th and 24th April—The Drove of 80 head of Cattle arrived this day, and were a

most seasonable supply, as we had only four days Meat on hand—I am led to hope from your letters that you will continue to send on farther parcels of Cattle, and I am the more encouraged in this, as Colo. Blaine informs me that a supply of Money has been forwarded to you. I had, upon the rect of your first letter, written to General Howe and pointed out to him the ill consequences attending his stopping more Cattle at the North River than were intended for the posts there, and he has assured me that nothing of the same kind shall happen again. I am Sir Yr most obt Servt.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Elias Dayton, 4 May 1780
From: Dayton, Elias
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Chatham [N.J.] May 4th 1780

          By intelligence received this Morning it appears that the enemy have a number of boats in readiness to move from N. york this evening probably with about 1500 men their Object supposed to be our provision at Brunswick, as Capt. Ross who commands the armed sloop in the Kils mentioned to a person I sent over on Monday last he then expected our stores in Brunswick were in their hands.
          In consequence of the intelligence I have sent an express to the commanding officer at the post And waggons are now going by order of Mr Caldwell sufficient I hope to load up all the provision this night. I should have gone immediately to my Regiment had I not the promise of hearing from the other Side by Sun riseing tomorrow morning. I have the honor to be Your Excellencys Most Humble Servant

            Elias Dayton


Title: To George Washington from James Duane, 4 May 1780
From: Duane, James
To: Washington, George

            My dear General
            Philadelphia 4th May 1780

          We are here in anxious Suspence for the Fate of Charles Town: it is not to be wondered at when we consider the greatness of the Stake; and the Uncertainty and Importance of the Event. The Governour Council

and Magistrates have shut themselves up in the Town determined to share the Glory of preserving it, or to perish in the Attempt! We understand that this Resolution was submitted to with Reluctance by the principal Officers of the Army, and in my Opinion it is rather a display of Heroism than of deliberate Policy. The Influence of Goverment woud have been well employed, as far as we can Judge at so remote a distance, in preparing against a disaster and drawing the Internal Strength of the Country to some point for it’s Defence: On the present plan the Loss of the whole State seems to be hazarded with the Capital. We learn from a Mr Cannon who left the neighbourhood of Charles Town on the 12th and parted with General Lincoln on the 9th that the Garrison and Inhabitants were greatly elated on the Arrival of the Virginia Line; and in full expectation of Success: and it is his opinion that if the Maryland Line were near the Scene of Action Sir Henry Clinton woud be glad to raise the Siege. We have endeavourd to learn from Him the Sentiments of General Lincoln on the Fate of the Town: but it appears that he is as reserved in his Conversation as his Letters ’tho his Activity & Vigour inspire the highest Respect and Confidence. These Circumstances do not appear in any Correspondence and I conclude tho’ they are not very material you will not think them too trivial to be communicated.
          We are exerting every Means in our power to expedite the March of the Reinforcement destined for Charles Town. It is committed to the Joint Efforts of the Board of War and the Treasury and I hope every Obstacle is surmounted. I have but one wish left—that Virginia may on so decisive and interesting an Occasion be able to detach a Body of Militia which in Conjunction with the Continental Reinforcements will be sufficient to support the Communication between the Town and Country and harrass the Besiegers in their Rear—The Reluctance against the Southern Service, tho’ easy to be accounted for, is much to be deplored; and I reconcile myself to the Embarrasments which our Weakness in that Quarter Superadds to all our other Difficulties.
          In spite of the disagreeable Aspect of our money Affairs I look forward to a happy Termination of our arduous Conflict. We have not experienced half the distresses which considering the power of our Enemies, every contemplative Mind must have expected. I am in this View much engaged in another Attempt to get the Confederation accomplished which in my Opinion woud fully compensate for the temporary Loss of any City on the Continent: & it gives me great pleasure to assure your Excellency that the Delegates from Virginia are warmly disposed to give it all the Aid in their power: & I, indeed, have the fullest Expectation that our Joint Exertions will Succeed: and the future Safety and Tranquillity of the States be fixed on a permanent Basis. Without a Fœderal Alliance peace itself, Independance, and Security from

external Assaults, woud scarcely deserve the Name of a Blessing. The flame of disaffection to the British Administration has at length reached the Bosom of our Enemies. Remonstrances and Committees, always terrible to an Arbitrary Government, cannot fail of producing Embarrasment in publick Councils, or of enfeebling enfeebling the National Exertions. We have a Right to hope that they will be attended with Serious Consequences, and put an End to their Operations against these States. If Brittain unsupported by Friends or Allies, and rent asunder by domestic Jars and discontents, can continue an unjust and unpopular war against the Joint Efforts of America France and Spain, she will exhibit an Example of Obstinacy and of Vigour unparallelled in History.
          To hold a place in your Excellency’s Confidence & Friendship is an Honour which I most highly prize; & which I shall always regard as one of the most happy Circumstances of my Life: for no Man can be more entirely Attatched to you by every Tie of Affection Esteem & Gratitude than my dear General Your most Obedient & most faithful Servant

            Jas Duane

            P.S. Be pleased to present my most respectful Compliments to Mrs Washington & the Gentlemen of the Family. We have this moment Letters informing us that Connecticut & the Massachusetts Legislatures have chearfully adopted the new plan of Finance. The Connecticut Traders have done themselves great Honour as well as the principal Farmers. The former in an address to the Assembly declare their Readiness to receive the new Money at its Value specified for by Congress in payment for their Commodities. New York I am perswaded will Concur & their Example will probably bring All the States into the Measures.


Title: General Orders, 5 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head Quarters Morristown Friday May 5th 1780
            Parole Palmyra  Countersigns C; G.

          [Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Lieutenant Colonel Commandant Butler[,] Major T. Moore[,] Brigade Major Hand’s Brigade
          A Serjeant Corporal and Twelve men from the Pennsylvania Division for Fatigue tomorrow at Commissary Kean’s.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 5 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

            Dear Sir
            Head Quarters Morris Town 5th May 1780

          I have recd your favr of the 27th ulto and two public and one private letter of the 1st instant. I will transmit Colo. Putnams letter and new arrangement to the Board of War, and will desire them to rectify the mistakes which have happened in the dates of the Commissions of some of the Subalterns.
          Major Beauman will return to West point in a few days when I shall

have no objection to his expending an hundred weight of powder in making experiments with Sir James Jay, provided matters are quiet and proper notice is given to the Country, to prevent their taking the firing for an alarm.
          Considering the decayed state of the Gabions I think it will not be worth taking up time in bringing them all within the Works, any that are near at hand and fit for use may be secured.
          The preparations of the enemy certainly indicate a movement of some kind, and as you are the most probable object, if they mean to operate against any part of our force, I can only again recommend your taking every precaution to obtain timely knowledge of their designs.
          From your advices of the situation of the enemy upon Lloyds Neck I am of opinion with you that an attempt upon them would be attended with no advantages.
          We have lately got ten or twelve days supply of Flour before hand, but our prospects of Meat are gloomy indeed—I have directed the Commissary to send 150 Barrels of Flour immediately to Kings ferry, and if carriages can be procured, you shall in future have whatever can possibly be spared. I am convinced that the State of New York have done every thing in their power to supply the Army and I have repeatedly painted ou⟨r⟩ distresses to Connecticut—The change of Commissaries and want of Money have I beleive considerably deranged matters in that state, but I have some encouragement to hope a supply of Beef from Colo. Champion the purchaser of Cattle there—You will do well to procure Indian Corn—Rye or any kind of Grain, should we happily obtain flour, we can, as you observe, use the other for Forage—I some days ago, at the instance of Genl du portail, sollicited the Rank of Capt. of Engineers for Capt. Nivan, and a Commission for him has been forwarded to Capt. Rochefontain, which I will desire him to transmit—I return herewith Capt. Nivans Certificates.
          I shall have no objection to Colo. Gouvions remaining above untill the Works at Stoney and Verplanks points are finished, but after that it will be necessary for him, as head of the department in Genl du portails absence, to be near me.
          I have, as I mentioned in the former part of this letter, repeatedly called upon the State of Connecticut for assistance and I cannot but hope, that the delays we have experienced have been more owing to the derangement of our finances and indeed of all our public affairs, than to any premeditated plan to distress the Army.
          I have letters from Genl Lincoln up to the 9th of April—The Enemy had then broke Ground upon the neck of Charles town about 1100 yards from our Works—Genl Woodford arrived with the Virginia troops the 7th which gave great spirits to the Garrison—The ships passed Fort

Moultrie with the loss of one transport, but the communication was still open with the Country by Cooper River, which communication Genl Lincoln hoped to preserve by obstructing the mouth of the River. I am &.


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 5–6 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

              Sir
              Head Qrs Morris Town May 5th[–6] 1780

            On the 28th Ulto I received the honor of Your Excellency’s several Letters of the 18th 20th & 22d with their Inclosures.
            The Act of the 10th containing assurances for making up the depreciation of pay to the Army has been published in general Orders—and will no doubt give great satisfaction.
            I am much obliged by the communications in Your Excellency’s Letter of the 20th. The arrival of the reinforcement at Martinique is a pleasing circumstance—and I would willingly hope that Our Allies will have a decided superiority in their Naval force in that as well as in every Other Quarter. It is infinitely interesting to us that it should be the case.
            With respect to the plan which it is said by the intercepted Letter—the Enemy mean to pursue—it is possible they may adopt it so far as it goes to the establishing of posts. If they do however, it will be impracticable for them to make Detachments to the West Indies unless they are reinforced. And if they pursue the first part of the plan—it must be from an impression of our embarrasments—and from an opinion that we shall not be able to act again with any vigor; as it must occasion

a great division of their forces, and such as at Another time might be dangerous.
            It is certainly interesting to the prisoners on both sides and to the general purposes of humanity—that there should be a person to act for each as an Agent. The Enemy hitherto have refused to acknowledge Mr Pintard in a public character, but have still permitted him to reside in New York—and to do duties in some degree incident to such an appointment. It is probable they will do no more now.
            I beg leave to inform Congress that it will be an agreable circumstance—if the state of the Treasury will admit of a supply of Money, being sent to the Military chest. There is now Four month’s pay due the Army—and there are frequent applications for it. The state of our provision which unhappily has been but too distressing for a long time, renders their having money however little valuable it may be, more essential than ever, to assist them in procuring necessaries. I wish our prospects of relief with respect to supplies were more promising than they are. My apprehensions are constantly up on this head—and it has often happened that there was little or no probability of our holding out for more than a few days at farthest. I was much alarmed yesterday on account of our stock of meat, but happily a few Cattle came in from Connecticut, which will assist us for the present moment. I have the Honor to be with the highest respect & esteem Your Excellency’s Most Obedt Sert

              Go: Washington

              P.S. I inclose Your Excellency Three New York papers. By the last You will find that the Enemy have received very late advices from Europe; but nothing has transpired as yet.
              I am just now informed that the Enemy believe Paul Jones is on the Coast with a small Squadron—consisting of a 44 Gun Ship—Two pretty large Frigates and Two other Vessels of lesser size. The account is circumstantially related and as if they relied on it—and says that the Galatea had been chased into the Hook by them—and in consequence the Russel of 74 Guns and the Frigates at New York were preparing to go out in quest of them.

              6th [May] 9 oClock A.M.

            I have this minute received a Line from the Marquiss Fayette dated the 27 Ulto announcing his arrival at the entrance of Boston Harbour. I hope to have the pleasure of seeing him in Two or three days.


Title: From George Washington to La Luzerne, 5–6 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: La Luzerne, Anne-César, chevalier de

            Sir,
            Morris-Town, 5th[–6] May 1780

          Two days since I had the honor of receiving your Excellency’s letter of 29th of April.
          The polite terms in which you mention the attention which my respectful attachment for you dictated during your stay in Camp adds to the obligation I felt for the honor of your visit. I was happy in that oppertunity of giving you new proofs of my sentiments and I entreat you to afford me others as frequently as possible.
          As the Minister of a Prince to whom America owes so much you have every title to my respect; and permit me to add, your personal qualities give you a claim which my heart chearfully acknowledges to all my esteem and all my regard.
          I beg you to accept my thanks for your intention to represent the Army in so favourable a light as will recommend it to the approbation of his most Christian Majesty; An honor as flattering as it will be precious. It would be want of gratitude not to be convinced of the intimate concern he takes in our affairs, after the repeated and decided proofs he has given. I have the honor to be with the highest consideration Your Excellencys Most Obedt & Hble Servt

            Go: Washington

            P.S. Mrs Washington—Sensible of your polite attention to her—prays your acceptance of her compliments & best respects.

              [6 May] 9 Oclock A.M.

            I have this instant received a Letter from my much esteemed and amiable friend the Marquis de la Fayette dated in Boston Harbour. In the course of a day or two I shall expect to see him in Camp.

              G:W.


Title: General Orders, 6 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head Quarters Morristown Saturday May 6th 1780
            Parole Philadelphia  Countersigns Brest Brunks.

          [Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Brigadier General Clinton[,] Lieutenant Colonel Commandant Hubly[,] Brigade Major Maxwell’s Brigade
          The Morristown Guards all small detached Guards and fatigue Parties ’till further orders to be furnished weekly in rotation by two Divisions while the third are to hold themselves in readiness to march on the shortest notice with two days provisions.
          Lord Stirlings and Clintons Divisions furnish the Guards the ensuing week.
          The Officers Casualties are to be inserted in the Returns in the following order, 1st Sick present, 2nd Sick absent 3d on Command 4th Extra service 5th on Furlough 6th Recruiting 7th on the Staff, 8th prisoners of War 9th Furloughs expired 10th In Arrest. 11. Vacant. The Column of Rank and File on Extra service to be inserted between the Column “on Command” & [“]on Furlough.”
          As the warm season is approaching the Commanding officers of Regiments will see that the Sick of their respective regiments are put in Huts by themselves and that proper windows and openings are made in all their soldiers huts to admit a free circulation of fresh air.
          The Regimental surgeons are to deliver in the usual returns of the sick on Monday next to the Director General of the Flying Hospital and punctually on every monday in future.


Title: To George Washington from the Board of Admiralty, 6 May 1780
From: Board of Admiralty
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Admiralty Office [Philadelphia] 6th May 1780

          The Board being directed by Congress, to send your Exellency Two Pipes of the best Madeira Wine, the same is put under the care of a Waggon Master, as by his receipt inclosed.

          Two Pipes of Wine, of the same quality, was heretofore sent to your Excellency from Egg-harbour, the Board wish to know if they have been received. I have the honor to be Your Excellency’s Most Obedient Humble Servant

            Fra. Lewisby Order


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Abraham Buford, 6–8 May 1780
From: Buford, Abraham
To: Washington, George

              Sir.
              Camp Lenuds Ferry [S.C.] May the 6th[–8] 1780

            I am very sorry to inform you that Cols. Whites & Baylors regements of Light Dragoons have this Day met with the loss of every horse and I fear the greatest part of their men; two nights agoe they with the remains of Polaskeys legion & Col. Orees horse crosd santee river they about 9 OClock this morning met with a party of the enemye’s horse consisting of Capt. Quarter Master Sargent & 12 pr[i]vate who they took with horses Accoutrements &c., without opposition They imediately sent an officer to give me notice that I might cover their retreat a cross this ferry, I imediately detach’d 150 men with officers to cross the ferry & get into the rear of the horse to cover their crossing the river. The horse arriv’d on the oposite side of the ferry before the Infentry, Met with forage (& not apprehending that the enemy could be so early in persute) were ordred to feed their horses when done the men fatiegu’d were resting themselves. The enemie’s horse rush’d on them before a single horse could be bridled, Cut & hack’d many of the men in a most shocking manner Some were killd and many made prisoners, While ——Washington Jemmerso⟨n⟩ and many of the officers have escap’d by swiming the river which is little beter than being kill’d or taken, I expect many of the men who escapd the enemy will drown crossing the river Twenty or thirty of the men have come in. I hope the loss in men is not so great as I first apprehended, Polaskeys & Orees cores had seperated

to cross nine miles below. I expect they are safe tho have not heard from them, This is a bad country & I have every reason to fear a bad people inhabit it.
            My men are very fue in number, & all that I apprehend safty from, As what fue militia are in service are unarm’d & I might say unman’d & those fue of the inhabitants who are disposd to be friendly are scar’d half to death. I have reason to believe that our friends in Charlestown apprehend the loss of that place, by being starv’d out which is said will happen very soon unless a communication is open’d and kept That I apprehend will not be the case until we are reinforsd from your army, We want a commanding Officer much Genl Caswell is very young & the Govenor of this state much hurased.

              George town South carolina May the 8th 1780

            The late unfortunate affair with the regements of horse (tho bad enough) is not so bad as was thought, many of the Men and horses that was expected lost are come in, I believe the loss will be about thirty men; (kill’d wounded and mising) & from forty to fifty horses, This with the late surprise at Monks Corner has rendered our Cavilry Unfit for service, & given the Enemy horse a very great superiority, Capt. Hill is a prisoner with [the] enemy & the only officer mising. I am with due respect Your Most Obedt Hble Servt

              Abm Buford Colo.


Title: To George Washington from Benjamin Harrison, 6–10 May 1780
From: Harrison, Benjamin
To: Washington, George

              My Dear Sir
              Virga Richmond May 6th[–10] 1780

            I have not had the pleasure of a line from you since your favor in Novr last, which leads me to conclude that my several letters from wmsburg in that month and the succeeding one never reach’d you, tho’ they were deliver’d to the post master by my own servant; since that period nothing has come to my knowledge till now worthy your notice, or I should most certainly have communicated it.
            I have been at this place six Days without being able to do any business for want of members, this negligence is unpardonable at all times but in the presant critical situation of our affairs to the southward is highly criminal; I have been favor’d with the sight of some Letters to our Govr of the 16th ulto forwarded to him by the Govr of N. Carolina informing him that Govr Rutledge with three of his Council have left Charlestown that in case of that towns falling into the hands of the Enemy government may go on, Gadsden is chosen Lieutenant Gor and left in the Town with five of the council, this measure was thought the more necessary as Colo. Washington with the light horse had been compleatly surprised by the Enemy a few Days before which tho’ we are told his loss did not exceed thirty men and horses and six waggons with their teams loaded with baggage has been attended with perhaps fatal consiquences, it has laid the count⟨ry⟩ for thirty five miles above the town open to them, given them an opportunity of crossing Cooper river, and I fear by the postscript of Govr Nashes letter has enabled them to take post on that river opposite to the town, which so effectually

cuts of[f] the communication with the country that if that post is not forced, it must in time surrender for want of provision, what store of that they have is uncertain, a letter from Colo. Parker says they have full four months; the Colo. (tho’ his Letter is dated just before this unluckey affair) seems to be in high spirits and thinks it impossible that they should be able to force the works, the Ships that pass’d the fort had done nothing, but I fear they will now with the assistance of the troops on this side the river force a passage up it, in which case reliefe will be impracticable, and our brave fellows deliver’d up to captivity, N. Carolina we are told is exerting itself to prevent this fatal blow we shall, (that is the assembly when it gets together) follow the good example, but with what success time must discover; The French and Spaniards have fine fleets and armies in the West indias why don’t they assist us—The Indians are doing much mischief in our back country, and our good Neighbours of P. are not much averse to joining them; Heaven deliver me from the Government of a R. a M. a P. and a P——C—— There are several other subjects that I wish to give my opinion on, and on which I should like to know yours, but I dare trust nothing of the sort by the post, suffice it for the present to say that British Gold I fear will do what their arms could not; be this as it may I shall at all times and in all circumstances be—your affect. & most Obedt Servt

            10th no further News from S. Carolina—The horse in S. Carolina were under the command of Gen. Hugar, they lost 20 waggons.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 6 May 1780
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            Highlands [N.Y.] 6th May 1780

          I have the Pleasure to inform your Excellency that a Party under the Command of Capt. Cushing of the 1st Massachusett’s Regt went down the other Night to the Quarters of Col. Delancey, & brought off three Officers & seventeen Privates from within two or three Hundred Yards of their Work Number Eight—Col. Delancey had, luckily for himself, gone out upon some Occasion in the Eveg, & was prevented from returning as he intended to do, by the Rain—or He had probably been in our Hands. The Enemy’s Horse overtook our Party on their Return, and skirmish’d with them for near six Miles, by which it is suppos’d they lost some Men—They were prevented from charging with Effect by the good Disposition made by Capt. Cushing—& the spirited Behaviour of the Officers & Men under his Command, of which the Enemy’s Officers who have been with me speak with Applause—as well as of the good Treatment they received after their Captivity—The whole Conduct of Capt. Cushing upon this Affair was proper, & does him Honor.
          This Party was detach’d by Col. Millen to cut off one of theirs which were marauding in the Neighbourhood of Sing-Sing—but arriving too late, they followed in the Enemy’s Wake, & perform’d this Exploit, which deserves Commendation.
          I think it but Justice to Col. Millen to say—that his Conduct upon the

Lines merits my hearty Approbation. I am Dear Sir With the greatest Respect your Excellency’s most obedient Servant

            Robert Howe


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 6 May 1780
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

            Dear sir
            Highlands [N.Y.] 6th may 1780

          General Parsons havin⟨g⟩ arrested Captain Hoogland of Sheldons Dragoons for several Circumstances of Disrespect and other matters has requested of me a Court martial, I have doubts of the propriety of my ordering it as I am not certain the Horse at present Attach to my Command, and therefore I beg leave privately to be inf⟨orm⟩d by your Excellency whether I ought to do it or not, which I should be glad to know by express as General Parsons is in a hurry to come on to his Brigade. Another thing is that Hoogland Claims being tried by Officers of Horse & Parsons seems to think mixt corps prop⟨er⟩ both are in Presedent but if Horse O⟨ff⟩icers Can be had would it not be best your Excellencys Private intimations upon these Heads would Oblige me—I have had Accounts that the Enemy have been Collecting a great many Horses and that Suffo⟨lk⟩ County on Long Island has been Ord⟨er⟩d to furnish one hundred and fifty I shall be anxious to hear from you Sir ⟨mutilated⟩ to the Court martial and am your Excellency’s Most obt Servt

            Robert Howe


Title: To George Washington from John Mercereau, c.6 May 1780
From: Mercereau, John
To: Washington, George

            [c.6 May 1780]

          att the f[l]ag Staff 2–18 pounders the works on the Bank 12–24 pounders Cherry Redout 2–18 pounders—No. 1: 1–6 pounder No. 2: 3–9 pounder No. 3: 3–12 pounders—att Richmond three Small Redouts with Each One Gun 12 pounders, 22 Re[gi]m[en]t att Richmond, 82 att the flag Staff 57 Remt and Bartens at the Watering place No. 1–2–3 Buskerks Remt along Shore Light horse about 125 on the Island, 2 field pieases 4 Grass hopers 1: 24 pounder these at No. 1:2:3 the Refugees about 4 hundred inhabitents 350 this the State of Staton Island at present.

            N.B. The Flag staff—works on the Bank—& cherry redoubt are near together.
            No. 1, 2, & 3 are also near together at the watering place.


Title: To George Washington from Isaac Woodruff, 7 May 1780
From: Woodruff, Isaac
To: Washington, George

            May it please your Exclcy
            Eliza. Town [N.J.] May 7th 1780

          Early this Morning a Quantity of Goods seized under the Law of this State by Capt. Harriman & Doctr Halstead of Eliza. Town & Liut. Thomas Farmer of the Connecticut Line, were brought before me for Condemnation; I Informed the Captors, it would be illegal to do

Business of that kind on the Sabbath, but would order a Trial for the Condemnation of the Goods tomorrow I had an Inventory of the Goods taken & ordered them put up in Cask, that they might be kept in a Place of Safety, untill the Time of Trial, When Major Troop ordered a Guard of Men take the Goods & put them into a Waggon which he had provided, I asked him what he meant to do with the Goods, he alledged he had Genl Huntingtons Orders to remove them to Springfield; as I did not conceive that either Major Troop, or even Genl Huntington had any Right to interpose in this Matter, I forbid his taking the Goods upon his Peril, Nevertheless he persisted in his Design & with Guard of about twenty Men with fixed Bayonets, wrested the Goods from me, & drove them of[f], where the Goods are taken I know not, I flatter myself your Excellency will not countenance Officers acting in violation of the Law, but will give support to the Civil Magistrate. I must therefore beg your Excellency’s Interference in this Matter, that proper Notice may be taken of Major Troop for his Contempt & Abuse of the Civil Authority of the State. I am Your Exclys most humle Servt

            Isaac Woodruff


Title: General Orders, 8 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head Quarters Morristown Monday May 8th 1780
            Parole Londonderry  Countersigns May. Marr.

          [Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Brigadier General Irvine[,] Lieutenant Colonel DeHart[,] Brigade Major 2d pennsylva. Brigade.


Title: From George Washington to the Board of War, 8 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Board of War

            Gentlemen
            Head Quarters Morris Town 8th May 1780

          It appears by the inclosed Copy of a letter from Baron Steuben that about 1500 Muskets fitted with Bayonets and the same number of

Bayonet Belts and Cartouch Boxes of the new construction are wanting to compleat the troops in this Cantonment—You will be pleased therefore to direct the above quantity to be sent forward as speedily as our circumstances will admit—The Musketts which will be returned are for the most part in perfect order, except wanting Bayonets and the Cartouch Boxes are of the old kind. I am &.


Title: From George Washington to Major General Lafayette, 8 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Lafayette, Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de

            My dr Marqs
            Morris-town May 8th 1780.

          Your welcome favour of the 27th of April came to my hands yesterday—I received it with all the joy that the sincerest friendship

could dictate—and with that impatience which an ardent desire to see you could not fail to inspire.
          I am sorry I do not know your rout through the State of New York, that I might, with certainty, send a small party of Horse (all I have at this place) to meet & escort you safely through the Tory settlements between this and the North River.
          At all events Majr Gibbs will go as far as Pompton (where the roads unite) to meet you, & will proceed from thence as circumstances may direct, either towards Kings-ferry or New Windsor.
          I most sincerely congratulate with you on your safe arrival in America & shall embrace you with all the warmth of an Affectionate friend when you come to head Qrs—where a bed is prepared for you. adieu till we meet Yrs

            Go: W——n


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Peter Muhlenberg, 8 May 1780
From: Muhlenberg, Peter
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Fredericksburg [Va.] May the 8th 1780

          I was honor’d with Your Excellency’s favor of the 20th of April by the last post, and have carried the Orders into execution as far as possible.
          I am sorry it is not in my power to give Your Excellency a more favorable Account of the situation of Affairs here, relative to the Recruits and Draffts—On my arrival in Virginia I found the Governor was Absent from Williamsburg on a visit to Albemarle, but was expected in a short time, either at Williamsburg or Richmond—I waited on him at the last place in the beginning of April, producd my Instructions from the Board of War; and agreeable to those Instructions requested his advice, which I receivd in writing—A Copy of which I do myself the honor to enclose—finding that little could be expected from the Draffts and no Money in the Treasury to carry on the Recruiting Business properly, I

wrote to the Honble Board of War at Philadelphia, enclosd a Copy of the Governors Letter & requested further Instructions, but have not yet receivd an Answer—On the 20th of April I wrote to the Governor, proposing Rocky Ridge a town opposite Richmond for the place of General Rendezvous, & Winchester and Fredericksburg as by posts for the recruits to collect in small numbers—I further proposd as there was a favorable prospect of Recruiting (:one Officer having enlisted near thirty in this Town in a short time:) I should call in all the Officers of the Virginia Line on Continental establishment, who were at present off duty—appoint their districts & send them out to recruit & collect the Deserters, provided the Treasury could furnish Money—I receivd the Governors Answer on the first of May, approving my proposals as far as related to the recruiting Business, but Objected to having Rocky ridge appointed for a Genl Rendezvous it being unhealthy and too near the Seat of Government, and proposd Chesterfield as a healthy and convenient Situation—this place I have accordingly appointed For the General Rendezvous—I have now by Advertisement ordered the Officers to Assemble at this place imediately, to receive Money & Recruiting Instructions, & I flatter myself they will have more success then was at first expected.
          Before the receipt of Your Excellencys Letter I had allready wrote to the State Board of War, requesting the removal of the Sick from Petersburg, to Rocky Ridge or, some other convenient & healthy place. Doctor Brown was with me a few days ago, who approves the place with regard to its healthiness, We have wrote Jointly to Doctor Rickman, who is at the Head of the Medical Department in this State desiring him to provide the Sick with Surgeons & other necessaries—as soon as I receive a Return of the Sick from Doctor Rickman, agreeable to my request I shall transmit it to Your Excellency, from what I can learn their number does not exceed twenty—I have likewise wrote to Colo. Davies, desiring him to repair to Rocky ridge & take the Superintendance of that post, agreeable to Your Excellencys Instructions—but by a Letter I receivd from the Governor Yesterday I find Colo. Davies is allready at Petersburg, I have therefore wrote him to day to remove the Sick to Chesterfield agreeable to the Governors Letter—There are a Number of the old Soldiers who were reinlisted and furlowd who are not yet returnd, some of them I expect would be inducd to return, if promisd a pardon from Your Excellency—as soon as the numbers of Recruits amount to fifty, I shall order them on imediately.
          The last Authentic Accounts we have from Charlestown are from the 17th of April when every thing was safe. The town was summoned on the 10th both the Summons & answer are in town but I could not procure them—else should have transmitted them to Your Excellency.
          As soon as the Officers are Assembled I shall send The return, with

what pay is due them, to the Board of War in Philadelphia—unless Your Excellency should think it more convenient for them to draw their pay in the State, as The Governor has been pleasd to promise his Assistance if necessary; In his last Letter he writes, “As to the pay of the Officers left in this State, the poverty of the Continental Treasury shall not prevent their receiving it, if You will procure Authority for them to apply to the General Paymaster here or any other single person, whose receipt shall be so authoritative as to vouch our paying him Monies for that purpose and charging them to the Continent”—The 1st and 2d State Regiments are at present collecting at Williamsburg, I wrote to The Honble Board of War in Philadelphia at The request of the Governor, for Orders to send them on to Charlestown; on the 15th of April, but have not yet receivd an Answer—both Regiments will have about 350 for the War, I have wrote to the Commanding Officers for returns & shall transmit them to Your Excellency by the next post—I this Moment, just as the post is going out, have obtaind a Copy of Clintons Summons together with the extract of a Letter from Parson Hurt at Charlestown. “All our Light Horse were Surprisd on Friday 14th of April, just before day, which has causd such a horrid tale to get abroad, that I think I shall give You pleasure in letting You know, Six or Seven Men were lost, The Major of Pulaskies killd, Captn Yancey and one or two others made prisoners—Cols. Washington Jameson &a are safe—some troops and a good deal of Baggage was taken.[”] I have the honor to be with great Respect Your Excellencys Most Obedt hble Servt

            P: Muhlenberg


Title: To George Washington from Major Lemuel Trescott, 8 May 1780
From: Trescott, Lemuel
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Paramus [N.J.] May 8 1780

          On Thirsday last I was Informed that a body of the enemy were at Bulls Ferry Since which I have taken every method in my power to obtain their Designs, and Strength but have not received any Sattisfactory intelligence reports Say they are a party of refugees on the wood-cutting Buisness and that their numbers are from one to three hundred, had I conceived that my Instructions from your Excellency would have permitted my Leaving this post on this Occasion, I Should have been able to Give your Excellency a more pairticulair account of numbers—I Sent a Scout down the last night they have not returnd, I hope they will bring a pairticulair account of the matter Should I by any means Procure Intelligence which may be relied on, and their numbers not Supireor to those I have the honour to command, with your Excellencys Permission to leave this post I think it would be in my Power to Give a good Account of them. I have the Honour to be your Excellencys most Obedt Servant

            L. Trescott Major Commanding A Detachment at Paramus


Title: General Orders, 9 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head Quarters Morristown Tuesday May 9th 1780
            Parole Rariton  Countersigns K. P.

          [Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Colonel Livingston[,] Lieutenant Colonel Smith[,] Brigade Major Clinton’s Brigade
          The Jersey Brigade to be held in readiness to move with their baggage on the shortest notice.
          Robert Powers and Samuel Bell soldiers of the 10th Pennsylvania regiment also Jacob Justice and Thomas Brown of the 7th now under sentence of death for plundering the house of Mr Cornelius Bogart near Peramus; on a representation from their officers that they had previous

to the commission of the above crime behaved like good soldiers, and on the earnest intercession of Mr Bogart in their behalf: His Excellency the Commander in Chief is pleased to pardon them.
          At a Division general court martial whereof Lieutenant Colonel Murray was president Joseph Infelt and John Earhart soldiers in the 10th Pennsylvania regiment were tried for “attempting to desert to the Enemy.”
          The Court were clearly of opinion that they are Guilty of the Charges exhibited against them being a breach of the 1st Article 6th Section of the Articles of War and Sentence them [(]more than two thirds of the Court agreeing thereto) to suffer Death.
          The Commander in Chief confirms the Sentence.


Title: To George Washington from the Board of Admiralty, 9 May 1780
From: Board of Admiralty
To: Washington, George

            Sir.
            Admiralty Office [Philadelphia] 9th May 1780.

          By a letter received this day from Nathl Shaw, Agent at New London, we are informed that a Prize captured by the Dean Frigate is arrived in that Port with Several Boxes of Lemons on board, of which we have directed Mr Shaw to send twelve Boxes to your Excellency.

          As there may be some difficulty in obtaining a speedy conveyance, perhaps your Excellency may point out a proper mode for their transportation. I have the Honor to be Your Excellency’s Most Obedient Humble Servant

            Fra. Lewis by order


Title: To George Washington from James Duane, 9 May 1780
From: Duane, James
To: Washington, George

            My dear General.
            Philadelphia 9th May 1780

          I Judge of your Excellency’s Anxiety for the Fate of Charles Town by my own. When we have much at Stake Events, tho’ not very important, are interesting: I shall not therefore fail to give you every Intelligence which comes well authenticated from that Quarter tho’ it may probably often happen to be no more than a Repetition of your official Information. The President yesterday receivd dispatches with a Copy of a Letter from Mr Jervois, who is either paymaster or Commissary for the Detachment of the Army to the Southward, dated the 16th Ultimo; and it appear⟨s⟩ that our Cavalry under General Huger was surprized by the Enemy & sustaind a Loss of 20 men & 30 Horses: That this Success enabled the Enemy to head Cooper River, and take post on the North side, and that it will eventually compleat the blockade of the Town: That the Injury from their Operations against the Garrison is very inconsiderable; from the Land side having killed only a Woman & a Child and two Privates of the Virginia Line; & set on Fire three Houses: from the Water they have made no Attack. It is the Letter writer’s opinion that if the expected Reinforcement from North Carolina arrives in any Season, the Party of the Enemy posted on the North side of the River—separated as they are from their main body—must fall into our Hands: Mr Lawrence the late President to whom this Letter is addressed, observes that what Force cannot, Famine may effect But if the Town, as it is reported, is supplied with provisions for a Six Month’s Siege, and the Fire of the Enemy shoud not become much more formidable; the danger of a Reduction seems to be very remote. The Account adds—and it gives me pleasure—that Governour Rutledge & five of the Council have been prevailed on to quit the Town, in order to support a legal Government in the Country, and enforce Measures for opening and preserving a Communication with the Garrison; and that Mr Gadsden the Lieut. Governour with five of the Council remain in the Town. Sir Henry Clinton seems to have put every thing to the hazard in this Enterprize, and from the deliberate Caution of his Motions to bid

defiance to the whole power of the Southern States. God grant that he may have Reason to repent his Temerity.
          I am much concerned at the want of money in the military Chest and other Departments: Nothing in our power will be left undone to obtain a competent Supply: but it is to be feared that some distress is necessary to rouse the States to more decisive Exertions. We learn since my last that the new plan of Finance will be supported in Virginia as it already is to the Eastward. This ought to be the Endeavour of every Friend to our Cause. It is unavailing and fruitless to examine into its’ policy, or even to exclaim against the Injustice it may do to Individuals. Private opinion and private Interest must give way to publick Councils & the publick Safety; & it ought to be rememberd that in a Case of such difficulty and Embarrasment while some Remedy seemed to be indispensably necessary, None coud have been devised which woud not have been objectable.
          The Arrival of a Packet at New York we are informed has produced many dejected Countenances; but as this has been an invariable Remark on every such Event for three years we cannot be much elated. We have however All the Reason to be wished for this Reflectio⟨n⟩ that the Distresses of our Enemies bear a full proportion to our own; and that they cannot but feel the Strongest Apprehensions that the War must terminate in our favour.
          I congratulate your Excellency on the Arrival in Europe of Mr Jay & Mr Gerard; & of our gallant Friend the Marquiss La fayette in America. Mr Telfare and another Gentleman are Just arrived, & Col. Walton daily expected, as Delegates from Georgia.
          Be pleased to present my most respectful Compliments to Mrs Washington, the Gentlemen of the Committee, & of the Family: and to be assured that I am with all possible Esteem Respect and Attachment Dear Sir Your Excellency’s very Affectionate & most Obedient Servant

            Jas Duane


Title: From George Washington to Major General Robert Howe, 9 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Howe, Robert

            Dear Sir
            Head Quarters Morris Town 9th May 1780

          I last evening recd your favors of the 6th—I am pleased to hear of the good conduct and success of Capt. Cushing in his enterprize against Delancey’s detachment—It is to be regretted that the Colonel was himself absent at the time.
          Colo. Moylan had written to me on the subject of Mr Hooglands Arrest and mode of trial, I gave it as my opinion that he was to be tried by a general Court Martial—The 9th Article of the 14th section of the Rules and Articles of War is expressly to the point and directs the composition of the Court where disputes arise between Officers of different Corps—You will be pleased to order the Court accordingly. I am &.


Title: To George Washington from Samuel Huntington, 9 May 1780
From: Huntington, Samuel
To: Washington, George

            sir,
            Philadelphia May 9. 1780.

          I have been honoured with your Excellency’s Despatches of the 28th Ulto and 5th instant By Letters from Martinique (via Eustatia) I have the Pleasure and Satisfaction to find that the Honble Messrs Jay and Gerard arrived safe at Cadiz on the 22d of January after a Passage of twenty five from Martinique.
          The enclosed Extract of a Letter from one of the Council of South

Carolina will give your Excellency the latest Intelligence received from that Quarter. I have the honour to be with Sentiments of the highest respect & Esteem your Excelly’s obedt hbbl. servant

            Sam. Huntington


Title: To George Washington from Charles Stewart and Ephraim Blaine, 9 May 1780
From: Stewart, Charles,Blaine, Ephraim
To: Washington, George

              Sir
              Morris Town 9th May 1780

            Since the return presented Your Excellency by Chas Stewart, on the fourth Instant, Seven hundred Barrls of Flour and Indian Meal, has been received at this Magazine, and only Eleven Barrells of Beef and pork, and thirty head of Cattle from Lancaster.
            It is truely distressing to Us, to inform Your Excelly, that the supply of Meat, will be totaly exhausted, on friday next at farthest, The Flour now here will suffice, if made into Bread as has lately been the practice, for fifteen or sixteen days, and by advice from Trenton, We are certain, that fifteen hundred Barrells of Flour, is at that post, and on the road from thence to Camp; One hundred Barrells of which Chas Stewart has ordered to Kings Ferry, for the Use of the Garrison at West point, and One other hundred Barrells, to be delivered The Commissary General of prisoners for the Use of the prisoners, at New York & Long Island.
            Whether any Shad, will speedily be brought into Camp, in pursuance of C. Stewarts application to Mr Dunhams Assistants, We do not yet know.
            We beg leave to Suggest, that We think, the State of pennsylvania,

could furnish a supply of Meat, in a Short space, Bucks, Chester, & Lancaster Countys, more particularly and part of Berks, feed a great many Cattle, and the Owners of the Meadows, near Philada have pretty large Stocks; The Mode of getting them speedily, and that without present money, We presume can be only by a Military command, from Your Excellency. New Jersey has freely, and greatly distressed herself, to supply the wants of the Army last Winter, New York has the Garrison at West point to support, pennsylvania We think must therefore be the Object; And as that State, has furnished very little supplys for six months past, We beg leave to add, that a present support ought now to [be] drawn from that Contry, or Your Army be distressed, and perhaps disband. We are with the greatest respect Your Excellencys most Obedient Servants,

              Chas Stewart Commissary General of IssuesEph. Blaine C.G. of Purchases

              P.S. The Commissary Genl of Purchases has ordered
              from Philada & Salem 220 Barrels pork
              from Coryells ferry 50 Barrels pork & Shad
              from Reading & Easton 200 Barrels Beef
              from Dover 100 Barrels pork

            He has also Wrote Col. Champion repeatedly to purchase and forward Fatt Cattle as fast as possible as the Supply of the Army after the 15 May would depend on his exertions & Success.


Title: General Orders, 10 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head Quarters Morristown Wednesday May 10th 1780
            Parole California  Countersigns Cooke Corke.

          [Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[: Colonel Johnson[,] Lieutenant Colonel Robinson[,] Brigade Major Stark’s Brigade
          A Serjeant Corporal and twelve men for fatigue tomorrow they are to be sent very early in the morning to Quarter master Lewis’s quarters with their Arms and three days provisions.
          The Jersey Brigade to move tomorrow morning: General Maxwell will call at Head Quarters tomorrow for orders.
          The State of the roads at present admitting the march of the men with ease the order of the 8th of February last respecting the Camp

guards is revived: but instead of assembling at 9 oClock they are to parade on the Grand Parade at 8 o’clock The Troop to beat at 7.
          At the General court martial whereof Colonel Shreve is President on the 22d ultimo Major Church of the 4th Pennsylvania regiment was Tried on the following Charges.
          1st For purchasing men’s pay at an under Value.
          2d For discharging a man fit for duty and returning him discharg’d unfit for service.
          3d For defrauding the United States and the regiment in several instances vizt.
          1st Keeping Laban Bogart soldier in said regiment working on his Farm a considerable time and Mustering him on Command.
          2dly For keeping James McGee soldier in the 4th Pennsylvania regiment driving his or his Brother’s Team and discharging him from the regiment.
          3dly Drawing Soldiers pay by virtue of orders which orders the men declare to be forged.
          4thly Sending a horse known to be public property to his Farm which horse has since been offered for Sale.
          5thly Forcibly taking one hundred and ten dollars from James McDonack a soldier.
          6thly Taking Clothing (sent for the use of the Soldiers) out of the Paymaster’s Store without his knowledge and appropriating them to his own use.
          The Court having fully and maturely consider’d the several Charges against Major Church and the Evidence in the Case are of opinion that the Charges are each of them unsupported and that the prosecution of Major Church was Malicious and Groundless and Therefore they do acquit Major Church with Honor.
          The Commander in Chief confirms the opinion of the Court: Major Church is released from his Arrest.


Title: To George Washington from Lieutenant Osgood Carleton, 10 May 1780
From: Carleton, Osgood
To: Washington, George

            Sir.
            Boston May 10th 1780.

          It is with reluctance that I trouble your Excellency with this letter, being fully Sensible you have enough to do with matters of far greater importance; but being advised thereto by the Hon. Genl Heath, I take this method to beg your Excellencies Advice and direction, with respect to the detachment of Invalids (to which I belong) Stationed in this Town—We are destitu[t]e of any Inspector neither is there any Pay Master Genl who will Act as Such in this Department; and have received no pay Since October last, I beg the favour to be informed, how we are to be inspected; by whom, when and where, we may receive our pay.
          General Heath informed me, that he thought Some Officer of our Corps would be Appointed to Inspect the Troops here, if application were made, but that the Said Appointment he Supposed was lodged with the Inspector General, who he Supposed would Consult him (as he is Acquainted with our Officers) who to appoint, if this takes place. We could wish to have it done while General Heath is here if convenient. if it does not take place, we only beg to be informed how we are to proceed in future to get our pay.
          I should not have made this appearance, had it not been Strongly recommended by Genl Heath, I hope your Excellency will overlook the incorrectness of the Composition, as I am no Scholar; and permit me to Subscribe myself, with the greatest respect. Your Excellencies Most Obedt Humble Servt

            Osgood Carleton, Lieut. of Invalids.


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Jedediah Huntington, 10 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Jedediah

            Dear Sir
            Head Quarters [Morristown] 10th May 1780

          The Bearer Mr Smith having obtained permission from the State of Maryland to go to Great Britain by way of New York, you will be pleased to direct an Officer to attend him with a Flag to Staten Island. As Mr Smith is anxious if possible to overtake the May packet, you will be pleased to order the Flag as speedily as possible—His papers having been properly examined here, there need be no detention upon that Account.
          Governor Livingstons Lady having removed down to his seat near Elizabeth Town, be kind enough to give orders to have the strictest attention paid to the preservation of the inclosures, Gardens, and improvements of every kind—Mrs Livingston would not chuse a guard as she looks upon one rather as an inducement to the Enemy to come up to the House. I am &.

            P.S. The Jersey Brigade will march to releive you tomorrow if they can procure Waggons.


Title: To George Washington from John Mercereau, 10 May 1780
From: Mercereau, John
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            May 10: 1780 Piscatua [N.J.]

          the Russell is gone out the Hook Last week there is a Rumour of a french fleet Out, and Some Stir and Uneasiness among them the Last I Heard from there, hope to hear tomorrow Night, Something More and Shall be as Deligent as possible to Answer your Request and Shall Deliver it as fast as it Can be Come att, Dear Sir I Remain your Dutifull Serve⟨n⟩t

            John Mercereau


Title: To George Washington from Lund Washington, 10 May 1779 [letter not found]
From: Washington, Lund
To: Washington, George

          Letter not found: from Lund Washington, 10 May 1779. GW wrote Washington from Morristown on 19 May: “Your Letter of the 10th” (PPRF).


Title: General Orders, 11 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head Quarters Morristown Thursday May 11th 1780
            Parole Hannibal  Countersigns T: L.

          [Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Colonel Cortlandt[,] Lieutenant Colonel Hay—Brigade Major Hand’s Brigade
          The General Court Martial whereof Colonel Shreve is President is dissolved.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Nathanael Greene, 11 May 1780
From: Greene, Nathanael
To: Washington, George

            Sir
            Morristown. 11th May 1780

          While I was in philadelphia, I wrote your Excellency, that I had little prospect of being able, either to provide for the march of the Maryland Troops to the southard, or to put this army in motion. Lest you should suppose that the prospects have mended, and be about to take measures accordingly, I think it my duty to inform you, that the former embarrassments still continue, and that new difficulties are continually rising to view.
          Many stores which have been contracted for, upon very advantageous terms, and had great hopes of getting possession of, have since, been sold at private sale, for want of money to fulfil our contracts. Many who had engaged in the manufactory of a variety of articles, seeing the little prospect of our being able to fulfill the conditions on our part, have declined to go on with the business. A great number of Waggons on which we depended for this army, have been sold, and others left unfinished. All our public horses which have been sent to Winter and recruit, have been nigh unto starving, and many have actually perished for want of proper supplies of forage. Our Agents have been prohibited to purchase by the State-laws, and the contractors under the states have neglected, or been unable to make the proper provision. Was the whole of our horses fit for Service, still their number would fall far short of what will be necessary to put the army in motion. But those that might have been recruited, have now got so poor, that there is little prospect of their being fit for service till the last of June, with all the advantages of the best of pasture. But if they are crouded in great numbers in small pastures, to accommodate the matter to the views and wishes of the Farmers, they will not be fit for service till the latter part of summer, if at all. The stores that we have provided at Boston, Pensylvania and elsewhere, we find ourselves unable to get forward; nor can I see how it is to be effected, unless the business is better supported. The disgust which has been given to the staff on sallery, for want of proper pay and provision, has induced many to quit the business. The new arrangement which is necessary to be made to adapt the operations of the department for drawing forth state supplies, will still open a door for many more to retire from an employment, which from well or ill-grounded prejudices, is rendered not a little odious. To fill the places of those with suitable characters, will be found a difficult business, if not impracticable. These, and numberless other embarrassments, which lie before me; such as state-laws, Vulgar prejudices, Want of money and support, as well as heavy demands against the department, leave me

but little prospect of being able to put the army in motion, untill late in the season, if at all. I shall continue as I ever have done, to do all in my power, to answer the demands of the service; and I hope my representations, will in future, have their due weight with Congress, as I can no longer be suspected of alarming their fears from motives of private emolument; being determined to ask nothing more than my proper command in the line, and my Family-expences paid for the services I shall render during my continuance in this department. I am, with the greatest respect Your Excellency’s Most Obedient Humble servant

            Nath. Greene Q.M.G.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 11 May 1780
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

            Dear Sir
            Highlands [N.Y.] 11th May 1780

          I have this Day a Letter from —— He writes me that He was in New York on the 3d of this Instant—on that Day a Frigate of short Passage arrived from England Express, immediately upon which a Council of War was held—that a Frigate was ordered to prepare for sailing on the Instant to South Carolina, that she sail’d with Dispatches immediately after the Council rise—that the next Day another Council of War was held, & in the Eveg another Express Vessel sail’d for the same Place—that Orders were issued to call out the Inhabitants for Fatigue—the Object to fortify New York with the utmost Expidition—that they were intrenching from the North to the East River, just without their Chain of Redoubts, & were to build a Fort at the Look Out on Staten Island—special Officers were sent out to collect People for these Purposes—Twenty two Sail of Transports were sitting with Stones in Order to sink

in the Channel when Occasion should require it—That the Marquis Lafayette was said to have taken Leave of the King of France in an american Uniform—A large Fleet of French Men of War with Troops on Board were most certainly expected—That Nine English Ships copper Bottom’d were to sail after this Fleet, under the Command of Admiral Graves—That Genl Kniphausen & several Genl Officers & others had reconnoitered Staten Island, previous to their fixing upon the Look Out as a Place for a Fort—That they were anxiously waiting to hear the Event of their southern Operations, & it was currently said, that if it was not taken before the Arrival of the Express Vessels, the Matter would be given over, and Sir Harry Clinton & his Army return to New York—That every Countenance wore the Aspect of Distress, & Hurry & Timidity were visible in almost every Individual—thus far Sir, ——informs me, several other Agents have transmitted similar Accounts, & certain it is, that Consternation & Confusion prevail amongst our Foes, which God of his Mercy increase & by Event confirm the Propriety of—Notwithstanding this, these People operate as if something offensive was intended, & you Sir, or I must be their Object if they have any in View.
          I have this Moment your Excellency’s Favor of the 5th—Your Flour will be a Relief to my Anxiety & the Distresses of this Post, & the Hopes of more in Future are additional Comforts.
          My Accounts of Supplies are very discouraging, but I am exerting myself, & making every Body else do so, & I hope to rub thro’ some how or other.
          I have had Letters from Governor Trumbull, He promises every Aid in the Power of both Him & the State, & I hear is exerting himself accordingly. I am Dear Sir With the greatest Respect & Regard Your Excellency’s most obedient & very Humble Servant

            Robert Howe


Title: From George Washington to La Luzerne, 11 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: La Luzerne, Anne-César, chevalier de

            Sir,
            Morris-Town 11th of May 1780

          The attention and honors paid to Mr De Miralles after his death were a tribute due to his character and merit, and dictated by the sincere esteem which I always felt for him.
          I am much obliged to your Excellency for your intention of sending me a detail of the land & Sea forces arriv’d at Martinique, which I beg leave to inform you, you forgot to inclose in your letter.
          You will participate in the joy I feel at the arrival of the Marquis de la Fayette—No event could have given me greater pleasure on a personal account, and motives of public utility conspire to make it agreeable. He will shortly have the honor to wait upon your Excellency and impart matters of the greatest moment to these States. He announces a fresh & striking instance, of the friendship of your Court and which cannot fail to contribute greatly to perpetuate the gratitude of this Country.
          I am always happy to repeat to you the sentiments of respect and

inviolable attachment with which I have the honor to be Yr Excellency’s Most Obedt Hble Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Joseph Reed, 11 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Reed, Joseph

            Sir
            Head Quarters Morris Town 11th May 1780

          It has been represented to me by Brig: General Irvine, and by Lt Colo. Hay of the 10th Penna Regt that Michael Everly a Serjeant of that Regt was promised an Ensigncy by Colo. Humpton for his extraordinary exertions in inducing the Soldiers to reinlist, and upon many other services—From the above consideration and from the want of Subaltern Officers in the Regt I would recommend Mr Everly to the promotion which has been promised to him and which if confirmed is to bear date the 1st October 1779. I have the honor to be with great Respect Sir Yr Excellency’s most obt Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: To George Washington from Brigadier General Anthony Wayne, 11 May 1780
From: Wayne, Anthony
To: Washington, George

              Dear General
              Philadelphia 1[1]th May 1780

            many Gentlemen in this place affect to be very Sanguine in the Defence of Charles town, & remain in the most unworthy state of torpidity,

waiting the Issue—whilst others are depressed or elevated (like the ebbing & flowing of the tide) upon the rect of every piece of Intelligence, either of a gloomy or pleasing complexion—but an equal supiness pervades the Whole, & when they are calling upon your Excellency for troops to send to the Southward—use no exertions to supply their places, or even to furnish provisions or other necessaries for those already on their march.
            I was in the lower Counties, or Delaware State, about eight days since, & found the Second Maryland brigade at Newport—Destitute of provision’s except what fish they took for themselves in netts borrowed for the purpose—when I arrived at Willmington I found the Artillery in the same situation—they had been some days there without a Commissary or any Supplies other than the scanty pittance they recd from the Inhabitance, who had employed a few fishermen to take herring for them.
            An omission of this Nature struck me so forceably—(altho’ not Immediately in the line of my duty) that I made a representation of it to the board of War, who have since put those troops in motion—but I believe without the least prospect of their arrival in time to afford any succour to Charlestown, notwiths[t]anding this an other Detatchment may probably be called for—& what service are we to expect from them adequate to the Certain loss, in sickness, Death & Desertion, that will Inevitably take place, thro’ a long & fatiguing March, in a Climate to which our people are not Inured.
            Is there no mode of giving some relief to the Southren States more sudden in it’s opperation—than any effect that the Detatching of troops from this army can possibly produce, may not part of those already on their march be Countermanded, is there no opening to strike the Enemy in the Vicinity of New York—such an event wou’d counter ballance the loss of Charles-town—but your Excellency can alone Determine—whether the State of your Army & resources are such as will justify the measure, or afford a probability of Success.
            You’l have the goodness to pardon this Intrusion & believe me in every Vicissitude of fortune Your Excellency’s Most Obt & very Huml. Sert

              Anty Wayne

            shou’d my attendance in Camp be of the least use—I shall hold myself in readiness at the shortest notice.


Title: General Orders, 12 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

            Head Quarters Morristown Friday May 12th 1780
            Parole De La Fayette  Countersigns France; Spain.

          [Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Colonel H. Jackson[,] Lieutenant Colonel Mentges[,] Brigade Major Alexander
          On Monday next the Troops will begin to exercise and continue every day Fridays and Saturday’s excepted in the following manner.
          At Six oClock A.M. each regiment will parade and the Rolls be called the commanding officer taking particular care that none of the officers or men are absent except those on Guard or other military duty, and immediately after the rolls are called each regiment will begin to Exercise by Companies in the manner prescribed in the 6th Chapter of the Regulations, each Company to be exercised by the Captain or officer commanding it The Field Officers to superintend the whole and see that it is carried on agreeable to the regulations.
          The Paymasters and Quarter masters having a right to command in their companies in time of Action must attend the Exercise as often as their Staff duties will admit: at Five oClock the regiments will exercise by Companies in the same manner but without Arms. The Commanding officers of regiments are to be answerable that no Waiter or other person absents himself from the Exercise on any pretence and the Generals and Inspectors of Brigades will visit the regiments and see that this order is strictly obeyed.
          Every Monday Wednesday and Saturday beginning on Monday next the Inspector General or in his absence one of the Inspectors will exercise on the Green near Morristown two Battalions detached from the Line with four Field pieces each Battalion to consist of one Colonel or

Lieutenant Colonel one Major Six Captains Seven Lieutenants Eight Ensigns, one of which is for the Colours Twenty six Serjeants Eight Corporals Eight Drums Eight Fifers Two hundred & fifty six rank and File The Troops to be at the place of Exercise at Nine o clock A.M.


Title: From George Washington to James Jay, 12 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Jay, James

            Dear Sir,
            Hd Qrs Morris-town 12th May 1780.

          I have had the pleasure of receiving your favours of the 13th & 20th of April. The Box of Medicine mentioned in the former came safe to hand, and was the more acceptable, as I had entirely expended the first parcel with which you had been kind enough to furnish me.
          I have directed Colo. Hay to assist you in erecting a small Elaboratory, from which I hope you will derive improvement and amusement, and the public some advantages.
          Major Beauman intends to return to West point in a few days. I have already signified to General Howe my consent to your then expending as much powder, as can be conveniently spared, in ascertaining those points in Gunnery, which you are anxious to prove by actual experimt, provided all matters are quiet.
          Give me leave to congratulate on your Brothers safe arrival at the Court of Madrid—an event truely important, and which gives particular pleasure to Dr Sir Yr Most Obedt & Hble Servt

            Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 13 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters Morristown Saturday May 13th 1780
Parole Saxe  Countersigns R. P.——

[Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Colonel Angell[,] Major Thayer[,] Brigade Major 2d pennsylvania brigade
A man acquainted with the management of hides from the pennsylvania Line, also one from Stark’s brigade to be sent to the Deputy commissary of hides at Morristown tomorrow they are to remain with him ’till the Brigade to which they belong move from this place.


Title: To George Washington from Colonel Daniel Brodhead, 13 May 1780
From: Brodhead, Daniel
To: Washington, George

Dear General
Fort Pitt May 13th 1780.

I have put off the assembling of the Militia untill the 4th of next Month to endeavour to procure a sufficient quantity of Provisions for them; But I fear it will not be in my power as Genl Gates, who presides at the Board of Inspection, has ordered the Commissaries to Stop

purchasing; And the Mingoes in sundry parties have been discovered on their march towards the Inhabitants. several persons have lately been killed & wounded in Westmoreland County, which will probably prevent my receiving any aid from the Militia of that County. They have hired sixty Men which are now stationed upon their Frontier. A Delaware Indian informed me this Day that two parties of warriors had just crossed the ohio River, near Logs Town & Chartiers Creek, which will probably, by alarming & driving the Inhabitants, prevent my getting the Men from the other Counties as I expected. The remaining Continentals are the cullings of our Troops and I cannot promise any thing cleaver from them.
I have wrote to the Artillery officer to hurry up the Artillery & Stores but I hear he is badly furnished with Carriages & Forage, which must prevent his marching with Expedition.
I think it is probable that the Enemy are meditating an attack upon some of our posts, which for want of sufficient Garrisons & Supplies cannot make much resistance. I am preparing to receive them here, But the Detachments to Fort McIntosh, Hollidays Cove, Fort Henry & Fort Armstrong leaves but a small Garrison to defend this post. wherefore I have armed the Inhabitants of the Town and assigned them an alarm post.
The Delaware Indians continue their professions of Friendship and some of their warriors are now out with my Scouts. But as I have little or nothing to give them but good words & fair promises I apprehend they will soon decline the Service. I have the Honor to be with the highest Sentiments of respect & esteem your Excellencies most obedt Servt

Daniel Brodhead


Title: From George Washington to James Duane, 13 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Duane, James

Dear Sir,
Morris Town May 13th 1780.

Your favors of the 4th & 9th came safe to hand. I thank you very sincerely for the several articles of intelligence contained in them; and shall be happy, at all times, to hear from you when any thing occurs worthy of the moments which must be spent in the communication.
My hearty wishes attend your endeavours to accomplish the

confederation. It is certainly a most desirable event for us—and a much dreaded one by the enemy—The spirit which seems to have gone forth in England must, methinks exceedingly embarrass the measures of Administration, and give proportionate aid to our cause. This or some other accts by the last Packet, has, undoubtedly, produced dejected countenances in New York—The advice Boat that brought them not being able to proceed with the dispatches for Sir Henry Clinton in the instant of her arrival another was ordered, and Sailed immediately for Charles Town with them. The Tories you may depend on it, are much alarmed.
I am exceedingly anxious for the fate of Charles-Town—more so for the Garrison & the accumulated stores in it—but much rejoiced, and indeed relieved at hearing that the Governor, and part of his Council had left the City for the purpose of supporting legal Government in the Country.
I am sorry to hear of Hugers misfortune—on many accts—an officer may be beaten and yet acquire honor, but disgrace must for ever accompany surprizes.
The want of money is much to be regretted—The consequences may be fatal from causes too many & too obvious to stand in need of ennumeration; I am pleased however to hear that the several States from whence accts are received have either adopted, or are about to adopt the scheme of finance recommended by Congress—I am clearly in Sentimt with you that it ought to be supported although it may be, in some respects, exceptionable.
The arrival of Messrs Jay and Gerard is a pleasing event, as is that of the Marquis de la Fayette in this Country—He is now here, a little indisposed with a Cold, but will proceed on to Congress to morrow—Mrs Washington ⟨&⟩ the Gentlemen of my family join me cordially in best wishes—to these you will permit me to add my grateful acknowledgements, and warmest thanks for your friendly & polite assurances of regard—and to declare at the sametime that with much esteem and personal attachment I am Yr Most Affecte & obliged Servt

Go: Washington

P.S. I have received fresh and (I believe) authentic Intelligence that the enemy are in great consternation at New York—they are going to run lines of defence from the East to the No. River—are throwing up New works at the Narrows—& have a number of Vessels loading with Stone to sink & obstruct the entrance of the Harbour—two advice Boats were sent from New York within the space of 48 hours after the arrival of the dispatches from England to Sir H. Clinton. &ca—&ca.


Title: To George Washington from Hugh Fraser, 13 May 1780
From: Fraser, Hugh
To: Washington, George

Sir
Rutland [Mass.] 13th May 1780

In the beginning of last April was a Twelvemonth, I had the misfortune to be taken Prisoner on my Passage from New York to Savannah, to be carried to Boston; and from thence ordered to this place. Till now I flattered myself, time after time, with the pleasing prospect of being released from my present disagreeable Situation, but all in vain. The vast distance ’twixt [here] and Georgia, the precarious conveyance of letters thither, and the difficulty of a communication with the Col. of [the] 71st Regt in the literary way; have put it out of my power to do any thing as yet towards my enlargement from Captivity.
To these disagreeable circumstances I have to add that of being much distressed for want of money, occasioned partly by the difficulty of negociating Bills upon Georgia, but more by the public Dealers in New-England being averse to have any transactions in money matters with any people within the British lines.
You can easily imagine (Sir) that the Situation of a Prisoner of war, circumstanced as I am at present, is truly distressful. The Pain, which I feel occasionally from the peculiarity of my Situation, is almost beyond expression. All these circumstances duly considered, will, (I flatter myself) have the desired effect upon your known humanity. It is therefore to be wished & hoped you will grant me permission to go to New York on parole, where I shall interest myself to have an Officer of equal rank Sent out in my room; if I should fail in this, I shall be ready to return within the Continental lines, when called upon.
Permit me to assure you (Sir) that necessity alone could induce me to trouble you. I have the honour to be Sir, your very humle Servt

Hugh FraserDeputy-Chaplain 71st Reg.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 13 May 1780
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir.
Highlands [N.Y.] May 13th 1780.

Your Excellency’s letters marked Private, I have this day received, and immediately sent Major Sargent to Hartford to execute their contents the importance of which I am so sensible of—I conceive the Escort of Horse now ordered annihilates the necessity of the Sergeant and Twelve, ordered in Colo. Meads favor of the 11th received last night, as the marquis’s Baggage is as I hear with Monsieur Corney, lest however it should not, I have ordered the Sergeant to proceed by the way of Fish Kill, towards Hartford and to Escort the Baggage agreeable to your direction.
I am at this moment in a great hurry and so can only say that I have, and shall punctually comply with every direction contained in your several letters.
The Enemy are in strange confusion, but very Busy in new York. Gabions and Fascines are collecting in abundance, may not this look this way as well as any other? I am Dear Sir with the Greates[t] Respect your Most Obt Servant

Robert Howe


Title: From George Washington to Brigadier General Jedediah Huntington, 13 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Jedediah

Dr Sir
Head Qrs [Morristown] May 13: 1780

General Maxwell with the Brigade under his command comes to relieve You, to whom You will be pleased to give a Copy of the Instructions you have received and such information with respect to Guards &c. as You may deem material. When You are relieved You will march with Your Troops to Camp and either occupy their own Huts or those which the Maryland Troops have left as may be most agreable. It is a point which is left entirely with Yourselves; but if the Maryland Huts are equally good & convenient—it would make our situation rather more compact if they were to be possessed. It will be necessary in either case to send up your Quarter Master to have the Huts put in some order. I am Dr sir, with Yr Most Obedt st

G. Washington


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 13 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

Sir,
Head Qrs Morristown 13th May 1780

The Marquis de la Fayette will have the honor to deliver you this.
I am perswaded Congress will participate in the joy I feel at the return

of a Gentleman who has distinguished himself in the service of this Country so signally—who has given so many & so decisive proofs of his attachments to its interests—and who ought to be dear to it by every motive—The warm friendship I have for him conspires with considerations of public utility to afford me a double satisfaction in his return.
During the time he has been in France he has uniformly manifested the same zeal in our affairs which animated his conduct while he was among us; and has been upon all occasions an essential friend to America.
He merits and I doubt not Congress will give him every mark of consideration and regard in their power. I have the honor to be with perfect respect Yr Excellys Most Obt & Hble Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to Samuel Huntington, 13 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Huntington, Samuel

Sir
Head Quarters Morris Town 13th May 1780

I have been honored with your Excellency’s favor of the 9th instant.
I yesterday received the inclosed intelligence, which corresponds with other accounts from different quarters. Whether their fears in New York are well grounded a little time must discover. I have the honor to be with great Respect Sir Yr Excellency’s most obt and humble Servt

Go: Washington


Title: General Orders, 14 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To:

Head Quarters Morristown Sunday May 14th 1780
Parole Achilles  Countersigns Alps: Bar.

To command the manœvring battalions tomorr.[:] Colonels Johnson and Livingston[,] Majors Reid and J. Moore
[Officers] Of the Day Tomorrow[:] Brigadier General Clinton[,] Colonel Stewart[,] Brigade Major Clinton’s brigade
A Detachment for a fortnight to parade tomorrow morning at Guard mounting with their Arms Packs and three days provisions and forty rounds ⅌ man.
Major T. Moore to command.
The Pennsylvania and Clinton’s Divisions to give the Guards at Morristown, small detached Guards and fatigues for the ensuing week.
The Issuing Commissaries are to draw but two days bread at a time.
Lieutenant William Feltman of the 10th Pennsylvania regiment is appointed Paymaster to the same from the 6th of March last vice Ensign Benstead resigned.
The General Court martial whereof Brigadier General Hand is President to assemble tomorrow morning 9 o clock A.M. at Morristown; a Captain from the 1st Pennsylvania Brigade to attend the Court vice a Captain from the Maryland Line.

After Orders
A Surgeon or Mate from Hand’s Brigade to join the Detachment under Command of Major Moore.


Title: From George Washington to the Board of Treasury, 14 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Board of Treasury

Gentn
Morris-Town May 14th 1780.

Sometime last spring, or early in the Summer, Congress were pleased to authorise me to draw upon the Board of Treasury for a sum in specie not exceeding two thousand Guineas.
As it was not my wish to call for more than the exigencies of the particular Service (for which it was intended) required; & as I happened at that time to have part of a former sum by me, I asked for 500 Gs. only with that sum I have made a shift til this time but now have a call for the further Sum of 500 Gs.—if it can be furnished the bearer Mr Geo: Washington will receive & bring it to—Gentn Yr.


Title: To George Washington from Major General Robert Howe, 14 May 1780
From: Howe, Robert
To: Washington, George

Dear Sir.
Highlands [N.Y.] May 14th 1780

If it is convenient I should be glad to have a part of the Corps of Executioners attached to this Department, those finishers of the Law having become immediately & absolutely necessary to us, If your Excellency thinks it proper please hasten to us some of these People without delay.
The Enemy have several times lately been acting against Colo. Millen, with both Horse and Infantry, and he has had some hair-Bredth Escapes, as the Country is now open he can not remain in tolerable Safety upon the Lines without some Horse—I therefore think it my Duty to lay this matter before you Sir, and beg the favour of receiving your Directions thereupon as soon as possible. with the Greatest Respect I am Dear Sir Your Excellency’s Most Obt Servant

Robert Howe


Title: From George Washington to Joseph Jones, 14 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: Jones, Joseph

(Private)

Dear Sir,
Morris-Town May 14th 1780

I received the acct of your delegation with much satisfaction & was greatly pleased to hear of your arrival in Philadelphia—as I have ever placed you among the number of my friends I mean to take this early oppertunity of giving you a mark of my confidence in an interesting moment.
The arrival of the Marquis de la Fayette opens a prospect wch offers the most important advantages to these States if proper measures are adopted to improve it. He announces an intention of his Court to send a Fleet and army to co-operate effectually with us.
In the present state of our Finances, and in the total emptiness of our

magazines a plan must be concerted to bring out the resources of the Country with vigor and decision—this I think you will agree with me cannot be effected if the measures to be taken should depend on the slow deliberations of a body so large as Congress admitting the best disposition in every member to promote the object in view—It appears to me of the greatest importance, & even of absolute necessity that a small Committee should be immediately appointed to reside near head Quarters vested with all the powers which Congress have so far as respects the purpose of a full co-operation with the French fleet & Army on the Continent—There authority should be Plenipotentiary to draw out Men & supplies of every kind & to give their sanction to any operations which the Commander in chief may not think himself at liberty to undertake without it as well beyond, as within the limit of these States.
This Committee can act with dispatch and energy—by being on the spot it will be able to provide for exigencies as they arise and the better to judge of their nature & urgency—The plans in contemplation may be opened to them with more freedom and confidence than to a numerous body—Where secrecy is impossible—where the indiscretion of a single member by disclosing may defeat the project.
I need not enlarge on the advantages of such a measure as I flatter myself they will occur to you and that you will be ready to propose and give it your suppor⟨t⟩—The conju[n]cture is one of the most critical & important we have seen—all our prudence & exertions are requisite to give it a favourable issue—Hesitancy and delay would in all probability ruin our Affairs—circumstanced as we are the greatest good or the greatest ill must result—We shall probably fix the independence of America if we succeed and if we fail the abilities of the State will have been so strained in the attempt that a total relaxation and debility must ensue and the worst is to be apprehended.
These considerations should determine Congress to forego all inferior objects and unite with mutual confidence in these measures which seem best calculated to insure success—There is no Man who can be more useful as a member of the Committee than General Schuyler. His perfect knowledge of the resources of the Country—the activity of his temper—His fruitfulness of expedients and his sound Military sense make me wish above all things he may be appointed. a well composed Committee is of primary importance—I need not hint that the delicacy of these intimations fits them only for your private ear.
The opinion I have of your friendship induces me thus freely & confidentially to impart my sentiments on the occasion and I shall be very happy you may agree with me in judgment—I am with the greatest esteem & regard Dr Sir Yr Obedt & Affecte Hble Servt

Go: Washington


Title: From George Washington to La Luzerne, 14 May 1780
From: Washington, George
To: La Luzerne, Anne-César, chevalier de

Sir,
Hd Qrs Morris-town May 14th 1780.

Since my last I have had the honor to receive the detail of His most Christian Majestys Fleet in the West Indies, which your Excellency has had the goodness to send me. I congratulate you very sincerely, Sir, on this very respectable armament, which I found to surpass my expectations and I would willingly hope that an occasion will be afforded the Count De Guichen to strike some important blow with ⟨it⟩—advancive of the honor ⟨and⟩ interest of his Majesty an⟨d⟩ of course, of the honor an⟨d⟩ interest of these states. I have the honor to b⟨e⟩ with the most respectful attachment & esteem Yr Excellencys Most ⟨Obedt⟩ & Hble Servt

Go: Washingto⟨n⟩


Title: From George Washington to John Mitchell, 14 May 1780 [letter not found]
From: Washington, George
To: Mitchell, John

Letter not found: to John Mitchell, 14 May 1780. On 19 May, Mitchell wrote GW: “Your Excellencys favour of the 14th Instant, was handed me by Mr Washington.”