piers109uk/MN-Statutes huggingface dataset:
518D.314 APPEALS.
An appeal may be taken from a final order in a proceeding under sections 518D.301 to 518D.317 in accordance with Minnesota Rules of Civil Appellate Procedure, rule 127. Unless the court enters a temporary emergency order under section 518D.204, the enforcing court may not stay an order enforcing a child custody determination pending appeal.
508.349 OFFICIAL SIGNATURE OF REGISTRAR OF TITLES.
When the official signature of the registrar of titles, or that of a deputy, is required under section 508.35 or 508.38, an electronically generated facsimile signature or name may be used.
507.21 LIABILITY OF GRANTOR WHO COVENANTS AGAINST ENCUMBRANCES.
Whoever conveys real estate by deed or mortgage containing a covenant that it is free from all encumbrances, when an encumbrance, whether known to the person conveying or not, appears of record to exist thereon, but does not exist in fact, shall be liable in an action of contract to the grantee, the grantee's heirs, executors, administrators, successors, or assigns, for all damages sustained in removing the same.
504B.205 RESIDENTIAL TENANT'S RIGHT TO SEEK POLICE AND EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE.
In this section, "domestic abuse" has the meaning given in section 518B.01, subdivision 2.
(a) A landlord may not:
(1) bar or limit a residential tenant's right to call for police or emergency assistance in response to domestic abuse or any other conduct, including but not limited to mental health or health crises; or
(2) impose a penalty on a residential tenant for calling for police or emergency assistance in response to domestic abuse or any other conduct, including but not limited to mental health or health crises.
(b) A residential tenant may not waive and a landlord may not require the residential tenant to waive the residential tenant's right to call for police or emergency assistance.
This section preempts any inconsistent local ordinance or rule including, without limitation, any ordinance or rule that:
(1) requires an eviction after a specified number of calls by a residential tenant for police or emergency assistance in response to domestic abuse or any other conduct, including but not limited to mental health or health crises; or
(2) provides that calls by a residential tenant for police or emergency assistance in response to domestic abuse or any other conduct, including but not limited to mental health or health crises, may be used to penalize or charge a fee to a landlord.
This subdivision shall not otherwise preempt any local ordinance or rule that penalizes a landlord for, or requires a landlord to abate, conduct on the premises that constitutes a nuisance or other disorderly conduct as defined by local ordinance or rule.
This section shall not be construed to condone or permit any breach of a lease or of law by a residential tenant including, but not limited to, disturbing the peace and quiet of other tenants, damage to property, and disorderly conduct.
A residential tenant may bring a civil action for a violation of this section and recover from the landlord $250 or actual damages, whichever is greater, and reasonable attorney's fees.
The attorney general has authority under section 8.31 to investigate and prosecute violations of this section.
508A.40 COPY OF CPT TO BE FURNISHED TO OWNER.
When a CPT is entered, the registrar shall make a copy of it and deliver it to the owner or the owner's authorized agent. The copy need not be presented or surrendered to permit an instrument, voluntary or otherwise, to be filed or a new CPT to be entered, or a memorial to be made on a CPT.
505.28 LAST USE OF 1927 COORDINATE SYSTEM.
The Minnesota coordinate system of 1927 must not be used after December 31, 1992. The Minnesota coordinate system of 1983 is the sole coordinate system that may be used after that date.
518D.315 ROLE OF PROSECUTOR.
(a) In a case arising under this chapter or involving the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, the prosecutor or other appropriate public official may take any lawful action, including resort to a proceeding under sections 518D.301 to 518D.317 or any other available civil proceeding to locate a child, obtain the return of a child, or enforce a child custody determination if there is:
(1) an existing child custody determination;
(2) a request to do so from a court in a pending child custody proceeding;
(3) a reasonable belief that a criminal statute has been violated; or
(4) a reasonable belief that the child has been wrongfully removed or retained in violation of the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction.
(b) A prosecutor acting under this section acts on behalf of the court and may not represent any party.
508.35 FORM OF CERTIFICATE.
The certificate of title shall contain the name and residence of the owner, a description of the land, and of the estate of the owner therein, and shall by memorial contain a description of all encumbrances, liens, and interests in which the estate of the owner is subject. In case the land is held in trust or subject to any condition or limitation, it shall state the nature and character of it. It shall be substantially in the following form:
CERTIFICATE OF TITLE
First certificate of title, pursuant to the order of the district court, ............... judicial district, county of ................., and state of Minnesota, date................, .......
REGISTRATION
This is to certify that ..............., whose address is ..............., in the .................... of ...................., and state of ...................., is now the owner of an estate, ......................... of and in the following described land situated in the county of ............... and state of Minnesota, .........................
Subject to the encumbrances, liens, and interest noted by the memorial underwritten or endorsed hereon; and subject to the following rights or encumbrances subsisting, as provided in Laws 1905, chapter 305, section 24, namely:
(1) Liens, claims, or rights arising under the laws or the Constitution of the United States, which the statutes of this state cannot require to appear of record;
(2) Any real property tax or special assessment;
(3) Any lease for a period not exceeding three years, when there is actual occupation of the premises under the lease;
(4) All rights in public highways upon the land;
(5) Such right of appeal or right to appear and contest the application as is allowed by law;
(6) The rights of any person in possession under deed or contract for deed from the owner of the certificate of title;
(7) Any outstanding mechanics lien rights which may exist under sections 514.01 to 514.17.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name and affixed the seal of my office, this ............... day of ..........., ..........
....................................................................
Registrar of Titles, in and for the county of
..................... and State of Minnesota.
All certificates issued subsequent to the first certificate of title shall be in like form except that they shall be entitled "Transfer from number (here give the number of the next previous certificate relating to the same land)," and shall also contain the words "Originally registered (date, volume, and page or certificate of title number of registration)."
513.42 INSOLVENCY.
(a) A debtor is insolvent if, at a fair valuation, the sum of the debtor's debts is greater than the sum of the debtor's assets.
(b) A debtor that is generally not paying the debtor's debts as they become due other than as a result of a bona fide dispute is presumed to be insolvent. The presumption imposes on the party against which the presumption is directed the burden of proving that the nonexistence of insolvency is more probable than its existence.
(c) Assets under this section do not include property that has been transferred, concealed, or removed with intent to hinder, delay, or defraud creditors or that has been transferred in a manner making the transfer voidable under sections 513.41 to 513.51.
(d) Debts under this section do not include an obligation to the extent it is secured by a valid lien on property of the debtor not included as an asset.
505.31 ENTRY UPON LAND; NOTICE.
It is lawful for any surveyor to enter upon any land for the purpose of locating existing survey or reference monuments or landmarks, provided, however, such surveyor shall be responsible to the landowner for any and all damages as a result of such entry, and no surveyor may enter upon any land unless first notifying the owner or occupant of the intended entry for such purpose.
518D.316 ROLE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT.
At the request of a prosecutor acting under section 518D.315, a law enforcement officer may take any lawful action reasonably necessary to locate a child or a party and assist a prosecutor with responsibilities under section 518D.315.
507.23 INCOMPLETE CONVEYANCE, HOW PROVEN.
When any grantor dies, or departs from or resides out of the state, not having acknowledged the grantor's conveyance, the execution thereof may be proved before any court of record by proving the handwriting of the grantor.
513.43 VALUE.
(a) Value is given for a transfer or an obligation if, in exchange for the transfer or obligation, property is transferred or an antecedent debt is secured or satisfied, but value does not include an unperformed promise made otherwise than in the ordinary course of the promisor's business to furnish support to the debtor or another person.
(b) For the purposes of section 513.44, paragraph (a), clause (2), and section 513.45, a person gives a reasonably equivalent value if the person acquires an interest of the debtor in an asset pursuant to a regularly conducted, noncollusive foreclosure sale or execution of a power of sale for the acquisition or disposition of the interest of the debtor upon default under a mortgage, deed of trust, security agreement, or agricultural lien.
(c) A transfer is made for present value if the exchange between the debtor and the transferee is intended by them to be contemporaneous and is in fact substantially contemporaneous.
505.32 SURVEYOR'S NUMBER ON NEW EVIDENCE; OLD EVIDENCE TO BE LEFT.
Any monuments or permanent evidence of the survey shall have inscribed thereon the registration number of the land surveyor making the survey and no previously existing survey or reference monuments or landmarks evidencing property lines or corner posts shall be removed or destroyed by the surveyor of such new survey.
518D.317 COSTS AND EXPENSES.
If the respondent is not the prevailing party, the court may assess against the respondent all direct expenses and costs incurred by the prosecutor and law enforcement officers under section 518D.315 or 518D.316.
508.36 CERTIFICATES AND COPIES AS EVIDENCE.
The certificate of title in the register of titles, any copy of it duly certified by the registrar, or by a deputy, and authenticated by the registrar's seal shall be received in evidence in all the courts of this state and be conclusive evidence of all matters and things contained in it. Deeds, mortgages, leases, or other conveyances of real estate, and all instruments in any manner affecting the title to registered land, together with any notations, endorsements, or memorials upon the same made by the registrar of titles, as required by law, heretofore or hereafter filed with the registrar, shall be received in evidence in all the courts of this state, without further or other proof, and be prima facie evidence of the contents of it. Duly authenticated copies of these instruments, or any of them, may likewise be received in evidence in any court in this state with like force and effect as the original instruments.
513.44 TRANSFER OR OBLIGATION VOIDABLE AS TO PRESENT OR FUTURE CREDITOR.
(a) A transfer made or obligation incurred by a debtor is voidable as to a creditor, whether the creditor's claim arose before or after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred, if the debtor made the transfer or incurred the obligation:
(1) with actual intent to hinder, delay, or defraud any creditor of the debtor; or
(2) without receiving a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the transfer or obligation, and the debtor:
(i) was engaged or was about to engage in a business or a transaction for which the remaining assets of the debtor were unreasonably small in relation to the business or transaction; or
(ii) intended to incur, or believed or reasonably should have believed that the debtor would incur, debts beyond the debtor's ability to pay as they became due.
(b) In determining actual intent under paragraph (a), clause (1), consideration may be given, among other factors, to whether:
(1) the transfer or obligation was to an insider;
(2) the debtor retained possession or control of the property transferred after the transfer;
(3) the transfer or obligation was disclosed or concealed;
(4) before the transfer was made or obligation was incurred, the debtor had been sued or threatened with suit;
(5) the transfer was of substantially all the debtor's assets;
(6) the debtor absconded;
(7) the debtor removed or concealed assets;
(8) the value of the consideration received by the debtor was reasonably equivalent to the value of the asset transferred or the amount of the obligation incurred;
(9) the debtor was insolvent or became insolvent shortly after the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred;
(10) the transfer occurred shortly before or shortly after a substantial debt was incurred; and
(11) the debtor transferred the essential assets of the business to a lienor that transferred the assets to an insider of the debtor.
(c) A creditor making a claim under paragraph (a) has the burden of proving the elements of the claim by a preponderance of the evidence.
508A.422 COMBINED CERTIFICATE.
The owner of registered land holding a CPT and a certificate of title may request the registrar of titles to issue a single certificate of title, to be known as a combined certificate of title, for the lands described in the CPT and the certificate of title. The combined certificate of title must be in the form prescribed in section 508.35 and must also contain, following the statement required by section 508.35 regarding rights or encumbrances subsisting, a statement in substantially the following form: "This certificate of title is also a CPT as to the lands described herein included in the examiner's directive shown by memorial on this certificate of title and those lands are subject to any claims that may be made pursuant to section 508A.17 within five years from the date of the first CPT."
Chapter 508 applies to the lands in the combined certificate of title which are registered under that chapter or which have been integrated pursuant to section 508A.85, subdivision 5. This chapter applies to the lands in the combined certificate of title which are registered pursuant to this chapter and which have not been integrated pursuant to section 508A.85, subdivision 5.
507.236 TRANSFER STATEMENT FOR CONTRACT FOR DEED.
In this section, "transfer statement for a contract for deed" means a document that:
(1) is a transfer statement made in compliance with section 336.9-619(a); and
(2) transfers a seller's interest in an executory contract for the sale of real estate or of an interest in real estate that entitles the purchaser to possession of the real estate.
A transferee under a transfer statement for a contract for deed is entitled to have the statement recorded as provided in section 336.9-619(b). Recording must be with the county recorder or registrar of titles in the county where the affected real estate is located.
Subject to compliance with any applicable provisions of section 508.491 or 508A.491, recording a transfer statement for a contract for deed has the following effects:
(1) it transfers from the contract seller named as debtor in the statement to the transferee all title and interest of the contract seller in the real estate described in the statement;
(2) it has the same effect as an assignment and a deed from the contract seller to the transferee; and
(3) it is a conveyance within the meaning of section 507.34.
513.45 TRANSFER OR OBLIGATION VOIDABLE AS TO PRESENT CREDITOR.
(a) A transfer made or obligation incurred by a debtor is voidable as to a creditor whose claim arose before the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred if the debtor made the transfer or incurred the obligation without receiving a reasonably equivalent value in exchange for the transfer or obligation and the debtor was insolvent at that time or the debtor became insolvent as a result of the transfer or obligation.
(b) A transfer made by a debtor is voidable as to a creditor whose claim arose before the transfer was made if the transfer was made to an insider for an antecedent debt, the debtor was insolvent at that time, and the insider had reasonable cause to believe that the debtor was insolvent.
(c) Subject to section 513.42, paragraph (b), a creditor making a claim under paragraph (a) or (b) has the burden of proving the elements of the claim by a preponderance of the evidence.
508.37 TRACT INDEXES, RECEPTION INDEXES.
MS 1980 [Repealed, 1Sp1981 c 4 art 2 s 41]
The registrar shall likewise keep tract indexes, in which the registrar shall enter an accurate description of all registered land, together with the names of the respective owners thereof, and a reference to the number of the certificate of title. The registrar shall keep two indexes, to be known as the grantors' and grantees' reception indexes respectively.
The reception indexes shall include the surname and given name of the grantor and grantee; the date of registration, specifying the month, day, year, and hour and whether a.m. or p.m.; the number of the instrument; the number of the certificate or, where applicable, the book and page where the land is registered.
The registrar shall enter in each of these indexes in the order and manner aforesaid, and as soon as the same are recorded, all instruments affecting the title to land which are recorded with the registrar and, as far as may be the particulars of the instruments in the appropriate places in the indexes. Retrieval of information from these indexes must be by as convenient an alphabetical search as possible.
508A.421 EXCHANGE CPT.
MS 1998 [Repealed, 1999 c 11 art 1 s 72]
The owner or agent of the owner of registered land may request the registrar of titles to issue a new CPT free from the memorials of all interests which have terminated.
The owner or owners of registered land holding (1) one CPT for two or more parcels of land or (2) one CPT for undivided interests in one or more parcels of land may request the registrar to issue separate CPTs to each owner or for each parcel or any combination thereof as may be desired consistent with their registered interests, provided a registered land survey is not required by section 508A.47. When the registrar of titles has issued more than one CPT to one or more owners for one or more parcels of land, the owner or owners may request the registrar to issue a single CPT for all of the land to the owner or owners of the land, or the registrar may issue two or more CPTs to the owner or owners of the land or for each parcel or any combination thereof as may be desired consistent with their registered interests, provided a registered land survey is not required by section 508A.47.
A CPT issued pursuant to this section shall be known as an exchange CPT.
508.38 FORMS OF RECORDS ADOPTED.
Instruments affecting the title to land, filed with the registrar, shall be numbered by the registrar consecutively, to the extent practicable and the registrar shall endorse upon each instrument over the registrar's official name, OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR OF TITLES, ... COUNTY, MINNESOTA, CERTIFIED FILED ON, together with the date, hour, and minute when the instrument is filed, the document number thereof, and a reference to the proper certificate of title. Instruments shall be copied or reproduced as provided by section 15.17, as amended. Instruments shall then be returned in person or by mail to the party who presented the instruments for filing or to any other party to whom the registrar is directed to deliver the instruments. When the memorial of any instrument is made upon any certificate, the date, number, and time of filing thereof shall also be endorsed upon the certificate. All records and papers relating to registered land in the office of the registrar, shall be open to the inspection of the public at such times and under such conditions as the court may prescribe. Duplicates of all instruments, voluntary or involuntary, filed and registered with the registrar, may be presented with the originals, and shall thereupon be endorsed with the file number, and other memoranda on the originals, and may be attested and sealed by the registrar, and returned to the person presenting the same. The registrar shall furnish certified copies of the instruments filed and registered in the registrar's office, upon payment of a fee as provided in section 508.82.
507.24 RECORDABLE, WHEN.
To entitle any conveyance, power of attorney, or other instrument affecting real estate to be recorded, it shall be legible and archivable, it shall be executed, acknowledged by the parties executing the same, and the acknowledgment certified, as required by law. All such instruments may be recorded in every county where any of the lands lie. If the conveyance, power of attorney, or other instrument affecting real estate is executed out of state, it shall be entitled to record if executed as above provided or according to the laws of the place of execution so as to be entitled to record in such place.
(a) Unless otherwise provided by law, an instrument affecting real estate that is to be recorded as provided in this section or other applicable law must contain the original signatures of the parties who execute it and of the notary public or other officer taking an acknowledgment. However, a financing statement that is recorded as a filing pursuant to section 336.9-502(b) need not contain: (1) the signatures of the debtor or the secured party; or (2) an acknowledgment. An instrument acknowledged in a representative capacity as defined in section 358.52 on behalf of a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, or trust that is otherwise entitled to be recorded shall be recorded if the acknowledgment made in a representative capacity is substantially in the form prescribed in chapter 358, without further inquiry into the authority of the person making the acknowledgment.
(b) Any electronic instruments, including signatures and seals, affecting real estate may only be recorded in conformance with standards implemented by the Electronic Real Estate Recording Commission created under the Minnesota Real Property Electronic Recording Act, sections 507.0941 to 507.0948. The Electronic Real Estate Recording Commission created under the Minnesota Real Property Electronic Recording Act may adopt or amend standards set by the task force created in Laws 2000, chapter 391, and the Electronic Real Estate Recording Task Force created under Laws 2005, chapter 156, article 2, section 41, and may set new or additional standards to the full extent permitted in section 507.0945. Documents recorded in conformity with the standards created as part of a pilot project for the electronic filing of real estate documents implemented by the task force created in Laws 2000, chapter 391, or by the Electronic Real Estate Recording Task Force created under Laws 2005, chapter 156, article 2, section 41, are deemed to meet the requirements of this section.
(c) Notices filed pursuant to section 168A.1412, subdivisions 2, 3, and 6, need not contain an acknowledgment.
505.33 VIOLATIONS; PENALTY.
Any person who intentionally removes, destroys, or defaces a monument lawfully erected is guilty of a misdemeanor.
513.46 WHEN TRANSFER IS MADE OR OBLIGATION IS INCURRED.
For the purposes of sections 513.41 to 513.51:
(1) a transfer is made:
(i) with respect to an asset that is real property other than a fixture, but including the interest of a seller or purchaser under a contract for the sale of the asset, when the transfer is so far perfected that a good faith purchaser of the asset from the debtor against which applicable law permits the transfer to be perfected cannot acquire an interest in the asset that is superior to the interest of the transferee; and
(ii) with respect to an asset that is not real property or that is a fixture, when the transfer is so far perfected that a creditor on a simple contract cannot acquire a judicial lien otherwise than under sections 513.41 to 513.51 that is superior to the interest of the transferee;
(2) if applicable law permits the transfer to be perfected as provided in paragraph (1) and the transfer is not so perfected before the commencement of an action for relief under sections 513.41 to 513.51, the transfer is deemed made immediately before the commencement of the action;
(3) if applicable law does not permit the transfer to be perfected as provided in clause (1), the transfer is made when it becomes effective between the debtor and the transferee;
(4) a transfer is not made until the debtor has acquired rights in the asset transferred; and
(5) an obligation is incurred:
(i) if oral, when it becomes effective between the parties; or
(ii) if evidenced by a record, when the record signed by the obligor is delivered to or for the benefit of the obligee.
508A.43 EFFECTIVE DATE OF CPT.
When entered in the register, the first CPT shall relate back to and take effect as of the date the examiner's of titles directive is filed with the registrar of titles pursuant to section 508A.22, subdivision 1.
504B.221 UNLAWFUL TERMINATION OF UTILITIES.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, if a landlord, an agent, or other person acting under the landlord's direction or control, interrupts or causes the interruption of electricity, heat, gas, or water services to the tenant, the tenant may recover from the landlord treble damages or $500, whichever is greater, and reasonable attorney's fees. It is a defense to any action brought under this section that the interruption was the result of the deliberate or negligent act or omission of a tenant or anyone acting under the direction or control of the tenant. The tenant may recover only actual damages under this section if:
(1) the tenant has not given the landlord, an agent, or other person acting under the landlord's direction or control, notice of the interruption; or
(2) the landlord, an agent, or other person acting under the landlord's direction or control, after receiving notice of the interruption from the tenant and within a reasonable period of time after the interruption, taking into account the nature of the service interrupted and the effect of the interrupted service on the health, welfare, and safety of the tenants, has reinstated or made a good faith effort to reinstate the service or has taken other remedial action; or
(3) the interruption was for the purpose of repairing or correcting faulty or defective equipment or protecting the health and safety of the occupants of the premises involved and the service was reinstated or a good faith effort was made to reinstate the service or other remedial action was taken by the landlord, an agent, or other person acting under the landlord's direction or control within a reasonable period of time, taking into account the nature of the defect, the nature of the service interrupted, and the effect of the interrupted service on the health, welfare, and safety of the tenants.
(b) The remedies provided in this section are in addition to and shall not limit other rights or remedies available to landlords and tenants. Any provision, whether oral or written, of any lease or other agreement, whereby any provision of this section is waived by a tenant, is contrary to public policy and void. The provisions of this section also apply to occupants and owners of residential real property which is the subject of a mortgage foreclosure or contract for deed cancellation and as to which the period for redemption or reinstatement of the contract has expired.
507.25 CERTIFIED COPY OF RECORD MAY BE RECORDED.
A copy of the record of any conveyance or other instrument authorized by law to be recorded in the office of the county recorder in any county, or actually recorded therein in any county other than that in which the land described in or affected by the instrument was situated at the time of the record thereof, or authorized by law to be recorded in the Office of the Secretary of State or of the commissioner of management and budget, certified by the proper custodian of such record to be a true copy thereof, may be recorded in any county, with the same force and effect that the original instrument would have if so recorded.
513.47 REMEDIES OF CREDITOR.
(a) In an action for relief against a transfer or obligation under sections 513.41 to 513.51, a creditor, subject to the limitations in section 513.48, may obtain:
(1) avoidance of the transfer or obligation to the extent necessary to satisfy the creditor's claim;
(2) an attachment or other provisional remedy against the asset transferred or other property of the transferee if available under applicable law; and
(3) subject to applicable principles of equity and in accordance with applicable Rules of Civil Procedure:
(i) an injunction against further disposition by the debtor or a transferee, or both, of the asset transferred or of other property;
(ii) appointment of a receiver to take charge of the asset transferred or of other property of the transferee; or
(iii) any other relief the circumstances may require.
(b) If a creditor has obtained a judgment on a claim against the debtor, the creditor, if the court so orders, may levy execution on the asset transferred or its proceeds.
508.39 NOTICES AFTER REGISTRATION; SERVICE.
All notices required by this law, after the original registration, either by the registrar or by the court, shall be served on the persons to be notified in the following manner: The notice shall be served upon a resident of the state in the manner now provided by law for the service of a summons in a civil action, and the same proof of such service shall be made. It shall be served upon a person who is not a resident of the state by sending the same by mail to such person at the person's post office address, as stated in the certificate or in any registered instrument on file with the registrar. The certificate of the registrar or court administrator that any notice has been mailed as aforesaid shall be conclusive proof of the service of such notice, but the court may, in any case, order different or other service thereof by publication or otherwise.
504B.225 INTENTIONAL OUSTER AND INTERRUPTION OF UTILITIES; MISDEMEANOR.
A landlord, an agent, or person acting under the landlord's direction or control who unlawfully and intentionally removes or excludes a tenant from lands or tenements or intentionally interrupts or causes the interruption of electrical, heat, gas, or water services to the tenant with intent to unlawfully remove or exclude the tenant from lands or tenements is guilty of a misdemeanor. In any trial under this section, it shall be presumed that the landlord, agent, or other person acting under the landlord's direction or control interrupted or caused the interruption of the service with intent to unlawfully remove or exclude the tenant from lands or tenements, if it is established by evidence that the landlord, an agent, or other person acting under the landlord's direction or control intentionally interrupted or caused the interruption of the service to the tenant. The burden is upon the landlord to rebut the presumption.
The remedies provided in this section are in addition to and shall not limit other rights or remedies available to landlords and tenants. Any provision, whether oral or written, of any lease or other agreement, whereby any provision of this section is waived by a tenant, is contrary to public policy and void. The provisions of this section also apply to occupants and owners of residential real property which is the subject of a mortgage foreclosure or contract for deed cancellation and as to which the period for redemption or reinstatement of the contract has expired.
508.381 OFFICIAL RECORDS; COMPILATION, MAINTENANCE, AND STORAGE OF INFORMATION.
The registrar of titles may select and use alternative methods for the compilation, maintenance, and storage of the information contained in the official records set forth in sections 508.34 and 508.37, subject to the following conditions:
(1) the methods selected must provide for access to the information contained in the records by those authorized by law to have access to that information; and
(2) the methods selected must provide for the preservation of the information contained in the records to the extent specified by law.
518C.301 PROCEEDINGS UNDER THIS CHAPTER.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, sections 518C.301 to 518C.319 apply to all proceedings under this chapter.
(b) An individual petitioner or a support enforcement agency may commence a proceeding authorized under this chapter by filing a petition in an initiating tribunal for forwarding to a responding tribunal or by filing a petition or a comparable pleading directly in a tribunal of another state or a foreign country which has or can obtain personal jurisdiction over the respondent.
507.251 CONSTRUCTIVE NOTICE, WHEN NOT AFFECTED.
In any case where an instrument affecting the title to real estate, or authorizing an act affecting the title to real estate, was heretofore or is hereafter filed for record and recorded in the office of the county recorder or filed in the office of the registrar of titles of the county in this state wherein the real estate, or any part thereof, is situated, and there is apparent on the face of the instrument or the record thereof a defect in the attestation of the instrument, or the absence of any attestation, or a defect in the acknowledgment of the instrument or in the certification of the acknowledgment, or the absence of any certificate of acknowledgment, or a combination of two or more of such defects, the instrument and the filing and record thereof and certified copies of the instrument and of the record thereof shall have the same force and effect as constructive notice and the same force and effect as evidence and the same force and effect for all purposes that they would have had if no such defect or omission in attestation, acknowledgment or certification of acknowledgment had been apparent on the face of the instrument or the record thereof.
This section shall not apply to the recording or filing of wills.
This section shall not be construed as relieving the county recorder or the registrar of titles of any county in this state from any penalty or liability imposed by law for accepting and recording or filing an instrument not legally entitled to record or filing.
This section shall not affect any action pending on March 18, 1949, or commenced before January 1, 1950, in any court in this state.
504B.231 DAMAGES FOR OUSTER.
(a) If a landlord, an agent, or other person acting under the landlord's direction or control unlawfully and in bad faith removes, excludes, or forcibly keeps out a tenant from residential premises, the tenant may recover from the landlord treble damages or $500, whichever is greater, and reasonable attorney's fees.
(b) The remedies provided in this section are in addition to and shall not limit other rights or remedies available to landlords and tenants. Any provision, whether oral or written, of any lease or other agreement, whereby any provision of this section is waived by a tenant, is contrary to public policy and void. The provisions of this section also apply to occupants and owners of residential real property which is the subject of a mortgage foreclosure or contract for deed cancellation and as to which the period for redemption or reinstatement of the contract has expired.
508.40 COPY OF CERTIFICATE OF TITLE TO BE FURNISHED TO OWNER.
When a certificate of title is entered, the registrar shall make a copy of it and deliver the copy to the owner or an authorized agent. The copy need not be presented or surrendered to permit an instrument, voluntary or otherwise, to be filed or a new certificate of title to be entered, or a memorial to be made on a certificate of title.
518C.302 ACTION BY MINOR PARENT.
A minor parent, or a guardian or other legal representative of a minor parent, may maintain a proceeding on behalf of or for the benefit of the minor's child.
507.26 JUDGMENTS.
A certified copy of any judgment, decree, or order made by any court of record within the state, affecting title to real estate or any interest therein, may be recorded in any county where any of the lands lie, in the same manner and with like effect as a conveyance.
514.40 LIENS, PREFERENCE.
Whoever performs manual labor or other personal service for hire, in or in aid of the cutting, sawing, piling, loading, peeling, hauling, banking, driving, rafting, towing, cribbing, or booming any logs, crossties, poles, or other timber shall have a lien thereon for the price or value of such labor or service, which shall be preferred to all other claims on the same except those of the state of Minnesota and of the owner or occupant of the land from which the same may have been unlawfully removed, and no agreement to waive such lien shall be valid.
508A.46 PLATS OF REGISTERED LAND.
The owner of land registered under sections 508A.01 to 508A.85 may plat it and subdivide it into lots and blocks in like manner as in the case of unregistered land. All laws with reference to the subdivision and platting of unregistered land shall apply with like force and effect to registered land excepting only that the surveyor's plat of it shall be filed with the registrar.
513.485 GOVERNING LAW.
(a) In this section, the following rules determine a debtor's location:
(1) A debtor who is an individual is located at the individual's principal residence.
(2) A debtor that is an organization and has only one place of business is located at its place of business.
(3) A debtor that is an organization and has more than one place of business is located at its chief executive office.
(b) A claim in the nature of a claim under sections 513.41 to 513.51 is governed by the local law of the jurisdiction in which the debtor is located when the transfer is made or the obligation is incurred.
518C.303 APPLICATION OF LAW OF THIS STATE.
Except as otherwise provided by this chapter, a responding tribunal of this state shall:
(1) apply the procedural and substantive law generally applicable to similar proceedings originating in this state and may exercise all powers and provide all remedies available in those proceedings; and
(2) determine the duty of support and the amount payable in accordance with the law and support guidelines of this state.
504B.235 DEFINITIONS.
The definitions in this section apply to sections 504B.235 to 504B.245.
"Proper identification" means information generally considered sufficient to identify a person, including a Minnesota driver's license, a Minnesota identification card, other forms of identification provided by a unit of government, a notarized statement of identity with a specimen signature of the person, or other reasonable form of identification.
"Residential tenant report" means a written, oral, or other communication by a residential tenant screening service that includes information concerning an individual's creditworthiness, credit standing, credit capacity, character, general reputation, personal characteristics, or mode of living, and that is collected, used, or expected to be used for the purpose of making decisions relating to residential tenancies or residential tenancy applications.
"Residential tenant screening service" means a person or business regularly engaged in the practice of gathering, storing, or disseminating information about tenants or assembling tenant reports for monetary fees, dues, or on a cooperative nonprofit basis.
507.27 COPY OF WILL AND ORDER ADMITTING TO PROBATE.
An authenticated or certified copy of any will devising lands, or any interest therein, and the order admitting the will to probate, may be recorded in the office of the county recorder of the county in which the lands lie.
514.41 LIEN STATEMENT, FILING; ASSIGNMENT OF LIEN.
If the indebtedness so due be not paid within five days after demand therefor made upon the debtor in person, or upon some agent or court administrator of the debtor at the debtor's business office, the lienholder may file for record with the commissioner of natural resources a statement, verified by the oath of some person having knowledge of the facts, setting forth the lienholder's post office address, the dates of beginning and ending the labor or service, the rate of compensation agreed upon or claimed, the sums, if any, paid thereon, the amount then due, a description of the logs or other timber on which the lien is claimed, and the fact of such claim. If such labor or service be terminated by the direction or act of the employer, or by the completion of the work in which the employee is engaged, then no demand for payment shall be necessary, and the lien statement may be filed at once. If no mark or description of such logs or other timber be filed for record with the commissioner of natural resources, the lien statement shall be filed, not with the commissioner, but with the court administrator of the district court of the county, in which the labor or service was performed. Any person having a claim upon logs, crossties, poles, or other timber, as provided in section 514.40, may assign the same in writing to any person either before or after the making and filing of the statement therefor as provided in this section; and the person to whom such claim may be assigned, or that person's agent or attorney, may make and file for record the statement for lien therefor required by this section, in case no such statement has been filed. When such statement and assignment have been made and filed in the office of the commissioner of natural resources or in the office of the court administrator of the district court, in case such statement is filed in the office of the court administrator of the district court, the person to whom the assignment is made shall be subrogated to all the rights of the original claimant, and is hereby authorized to enforce the lien against the logs, crossties, poles, and all other timber in the assignee's own name, in the same manner and with the same effect as the original claimant could have done had not such assignment been made; and any person holding the title to the logs or timber, or any lien by mortgage or otherwise thereon, as security for payment of any sum as stumpage thereon, may in like manner purchase and take an assignment of any or all such claims for labor, or may pay and discharge the same, and in either case may tack the same to that person's original claim and hold the same as an additional encumbrance thereon, and may enforce the payment of the same, with interest, in like manner as that person's original claim thereon, but in any case shall not be required to pay more than the reasonable and current value of such labor.
513.49 APPLICATION TO SERIES ORGANIZATION.
(a) In this section:
(1) "Protected series" means an arrangement, however denominated, created by a series organization that, pursuant to the law under which the series organization is organized, has the characteristics set forth in clause (2).
(2) "Series organization" means an organization that, pursuant to the law under which it is organized, has the following characteristics:
(i) The organic record of the organization provides for creation by the organization of one or more protected series, however denominated, with respect to specified property of the organization and for records to be maintained for each protected series that identify the property of or associated with the protected series.
(ii) Debt incurred or existing with respect to the activities of, or property of or associated with, a particular protected series is enforceable against the property of or associated with the protected series only, and not against the property of or associated with the organization or other protected series of the organization.
(iii) Debt incurred or existing with respect to the activities or property of the organization is enforceable against the property of the organization only, and not against the property of or associated with a protected series of the organization.
(b) A series organization and each protected series of the organization is a separate person for purposes of sections 513.41 to 513.51, even if for other purposes a protected series is not a person separate from the organization or other protected series of the organization.
507.28 DEEDS OF PEWS.
Deeds of pews and slips in any church may be recorded by the county recorder of the county in which such church is situated, or by the clerk of the society or proprietors, if incorporated or legally organized.
514.42 TERMINATION OF LIEN.
The lien shall cease unless said statement be so filed within 30 days after the termination of such labor or service, unless the same shall have been wholly performed between October 1 and April 1 next thereafter, in which case the statement may be filed on or before the last day of said April. Such filing shall continue the lien in force for 90 days thereafter, and no longer, unless within that period an action be commenced for its enforcement as provided in sections 514.40 to 514.58.
504B.245 TENANT REPORT; REMEDIES.
In addition to the remedies otherwise provided by law, any person injured by a violation of section 504B.241 may bring a civil action against a residential tenant screening service or landlord and recover the greater of $1,000 or actual damages, together with costs and disbursements, including costs of investigation and reasonable attorney fees, and receive other equitable relief as determined by the court. The attorney general has the authority to investigate and prosecute violations of section 504B.241.
507.29 AFFIDAVITS AS EVIDENCE.
Any affidavit relating to the identification, the marital status or relation, the relation as to service in the armed forces of the United States, the death, or the time of death, of any person who is a party to any instrument affecting the title to real estate, or an affidavit relating to the identification of any corporation or other legal entity which is a party to any instrument affecting the title to real estate, duly sworn to before any officer or person authorized to administer an oath under the laws of this state, shall be recordable in the office of the county recorder where such instrument is recorded.
Any such affidavit so recorded, or a certified copy thereof, is admissible as evidence in any action involving the instrument to which it relates or the title to the real estate affected by such instrument and is prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.
518C.304 DUTIES OF INITIATING TRIBUNAL.
(a) Upon the filing of a petition authorized by this chapter, an initiating tribunal of this state shall forward the petition and its accompanying documents:
(1) to the responding tribunal or appropriate support enforcement agency in the responding state; or
(2) if the identity of the responding tribunal is unknown, to the state information agency of the responding state with a request that they be forwarded to the appropriate tribunal and that receipt be acknowledged.
(b) If requested by the responding tribunal, a tribunal of this state shall issue a certificate or other documents and make findings required by the law of the responding state. If the responding tribunal is in a foreign country, upon request the tribunal of this state shall specify the amount of support sought, convert that amount into the equivalent amount in the foreign currency under applicable official or market exchange rate as publicly reported, and provide other documents necessary to satisfy the requirements of the responding foreign tribunal.