piebro/osm-data huggingface dataset:
Allroads (2019-06-11 21:20:54+00:00): Vergeten layer=1 toe te voegen.
Vergeten highway op nodes aan man_made=bridge te bevestigen.
Aangepast.
Tevens alles goed gelegd op basis van BGT en hoogte bestand AHN
De rechthoek brug met toets Q, vierkant gemaakt.
Tevens wat wegen eromheen recht gelegd op middenas.
Zie:
https://overpass-api.de/achavi/?changeset=71157797
zoom naar links onderin.

Op naar de volgende brug. ;-)
kurrid (2019-06-12 13:21:06+00:00): Dank je wel "Allroads"
Morgen heb ik alle gelegenheid om je aanpassing eens onder de loep te nemen.

;-) gaat zeker gebeuren!
kurrid (2019-06-15 12:49:30+00:00): Man man man, wat een mogelijkheden zijn er toch in JOSM. Maar al doende leert men, toch?
Kwam er na overleg met de gemeente achter dat ik verkeerde brug een naam heb gegeven. Deze brug heeft geen naam en daarom ga ik "onze" ingetekende brug een stukje naar boven verplaatsen thv Oude Kerkweg 7. Ik laat het tzt wel weer controleren.
stephankn (2020-09-06 07:30:45+00:00): dear #Kaart, please do not re-tag paved residential roads into tertiary dirt roads. Especially not without proper survey. way 251492110
MoiraPrime (2022-01-09 02:27:52+00:00): I know this changeset is 2 years old, but I'd like to point out that you removed the name of a Hamlet that is actually named "House". Please be more cautious when performing maproulette tasks.
Bataineh (2022-01-13 23:20:43+00:00): Hi MoiraPrime,

My apologies for the incorrect edit, I was a far less experienced mapper back then. Thank you for taking the time to write me a comment and I'll be more careful when performing maproulette tasks in the future.
j03lar50n (2019-06-11 21:21:15+00:00): I think "address is not populating" because the name tag will override address tag.
Megan112 (2019-06-11 21:49:11+00:00): Do you know why half of the addresses I've plotted are working and for example this one is not? When I search for the address it does not locate it.
Woodeez (2019-06-11 21:19:43+00:00): suggest removing the additional leet/drain as it appears to have linked with the footpath and i cannot separate it.... (in addition to the footbridge issue)
hauke-stieler (2020-10-10 13:55:45+00:00): Du hast zum Eingang des Schrödingers zwei  separate entrance-nodes direkt nebeneinander gesetzt. Stimmt das so?
ma-rt-in (2020-10-13 19:17:37+00:00): ja, das eine hat keinen level und das andere level=-1
hauke-stieler (2020-10-13 19:23:12+00:00): Huch, man kann da unten rein? Spannend. Aber dann passt das ja.
frosm (2019-06-11 21:42:27+00:00): bonjour et bienvenue
https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/FR:WikiProject_France/bienvenue
n'hésitez pas à placer l'élément à sa position réelle, j'imagine que le garage n'a pas lieu au milieu de la route :)
bonne continuation
Ric76 (2019-06-11 22:31:04+00:00): Merci savez vous comment enlever cette position ?
frosm (2019-06-11 22:33:10+00:00): normalement OsmAnd permet de bouger le noeud
mais si cela ne va pas, recrée le au bon endroit, je supprimerai le doublon
dernier petit détail, leno de téléphone se met au format international +33962094476
santamariense (2019-06-11 22:59:35+00:00): Se puder desenhe a própria área da quadra ao invés de um simples ponto https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/6540890356
            ---
            
            Published using OSMCha: https://osmcha.mapbox.com/changesets/71158403
santamariense (2019-06-11 22:57:11+00:00): Revirei conteúdo na internet inclusive leis e mapas da prefeitura e não encontrei nenhuma citação a tal "Praça das Pitangueiras"
            ---
            
            Published using OSMCha: https://osmcha.mapbox.com/changesets/71158469
santamariense (2019-06-11 22:35:00+00:00): Qual o significado do nome "A3" em https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/696521735 ?
            ---
            
            Published using OSMCha: https://osmcha.mapbox.com/changesets/71158639
eggie (2021-02-15 16:16:47+00:00): deleted nonsense
28MzXP5-_uXH (2019-06-12 14:27:50+00:00): Hey atpl_pilot,

Vielen Dank für die Anpassungen und Details!

Zur Info: Die Fußgängerbereiche in der Schievelbeiner Straße wurden aufgrund einer Diskursion im Forum mit folgendem Changeset (https://www.openstreetmap.org/changeset/67232915) angepasst. Ich bin gerade nicht sicher ob deine Anpassung das wieder Rückgängig gemacht hat.

Viele Grüße,
Martin
atpl_pilot (2019-06-12 18:23:30+00:00): Hallo Martin,
danke für den Hinweis auf das Forum. Ich halte das ein wenig für einen akademischen Streit.

highway = footway
area = yes

verbietet explizit die Benutzung der Wege mit Fahrzeugen.

highway = pedestrain
area = yes

bezeichnet für mich eine Fußgängerzone.

Obwohl eine Fußgängerzone (die oft auch noch einen Namen haben) eigentlich den Fußgänger vorbehalten sein sollte, ist z.B. der Lieferverkehr erlaubt, d.h. Fahrzeuge können dort unter bestimmten Umständen erlaubter Weise fahren.

Bei Fußgängerüberwegen ist ein befahren mit einem Fahrzeug verboten. Daher ist m.E. das Tagging wie eingangs beschrieben, die Richtige Variante. 

Richtig ist aber auch, das die erste von mir eingangs genannte Variante, den Fußgängerüberweg farblich hervorhebt, was für die Ansicht deutlich besser ist. Es geht nicht nur um ein Routing, sondern eine Karte sollte in erster Linie alle Merkmale optisch hervorheben.

Selbstverständlich ist für das Routing zusätzlich der Fußweg als Linie einzuzeichnen.

So wie ich das im Forum nachgelesen habe, gibt es da KEINE abschließende verbindliche Regelung.

Dir einen schönen Mittwoch Abend,
LG Stefan
mapman44 (2019-06-12 00:37:34+00:00): Check it now. I think I got it all. Sometimes OSM won't let you delete something when part of it is outside the screen viewing area. If you are not able to zoom out and see the whole object then you can split lines and delete a piece at a time.
            ---
            
            Published using OSMCha: https://osmcha.mapbox.com/changesets/71159798
Happy Hobo (2019-06-12 02:14:28+00:00): Thanks.  I'm new at this; much to learn.
phidauex (2019-06-12 02:39:44+00:00): Large deletions or modifications like this are a good use of the JOSM tool. It is not as user friendly as the default iD editor, but it can work with any size object. If you aren't comfortable using it, you can always hop on the forums, or the OSM US Slack channels (https://osmus-slack.herokuapp.com/) and ask for help, someone is almost always available to give you a hand with a tricky edit.
Nmxosm (2019-06-12 10:07:19+00:00): Hello,

please also do tag the way with amenity=kindergarten. Otherwise it is just a building with a name and a purpose, but searching for kindergartens won't show it. 

Thanks.
Nmxosm
Victor Yarema (2019-06-13 08:54:56+00:00): Hello.

Thanks for review. Fixed.
BTW, I have also reported an issue in iD that was the reason why I made that mistake in first place. Here's the link: https://github.com/openstreetmap/iD/issues/6533 .
Could you please review it as well?

Thanks.
Victor Yarema
SomeoneElse_Revert (2019-06-11 23:24:53+00:00): This changeset reverts some or all edits made in changesets 71091100, 71092256, 71093857, 71097851, 71098723, 71107954, 71107985, 71131753, 71132060.
Juan Carlos G F (2019-06-11 23:27:30+00:00): Nota resuelta #1784043
Warin61 (2019-06-13 08:27:20+00:00): Problems
1) The multipolygon is not closed. 
2) Ways intersect -way 520285437 with way 392923702
3) Ways intersect -way 520285437 with way 392923710
Warin61 (2019-06-13 08:29:38+00:00): Note this is NOT a state forest boundary, it should be an area of trees according to the tags present. As such be LPI Base Map should not be used.
Juan Carlos G F (2019-06-11 23:34:00+00:00): Nota resuelta #1784030
SomeoneElse_Revert (2019-06-11 23:39:22+00:00): This changeset reverts some or all edits made in changesets 71106910, 71107570, 71107819.
Polarbear-repair (2020-02-28 23:44:53+00:00): Hi interdite,
you added the undocumented unusual tag "urbanized=yes" to all these residential landuses. 
What does it mean?
viloan (2019-06-12 00:10:36+00:00): Bem-vindo(a) ao OpenStreetMap e parabéns pela sua primeira edição! :-)

Temos um portal brasileiro sobre o OpenStreetMap, com várias informações úteis em https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Brasil

Enquanto você está se acostumando com o OpenStreetMap, é recomendado que sempre pergunte aos usuários mais experientes antes de remover ou modificar objetos do mapa, especialmente aqueles que são aparentemente "estranhos" ou "fora do lugar".

Além disso, pedimos que não copie dados de mapas proprietários (como nomes de ruas do Google Maps, por exemplo) e que mapeie apenas o que existe na realidade.

Se você está mapeando por causa do Pokémon, dê uma olhada em https://blog.openstreetmap.org/2017/12/01/dicas-para-novos-mapeadores-pokemon-go/?lang=pt-pt

Se tiver qualquer tipo de dúvida você pode entrar em contato com a comunidade brasileira através de algum dos canais disponíveis em https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Pt:Contact
O canal "Comunidade" do Telegram costuma ser o mais movimentado.

Abraço e boa diversão com suas edições!
aharvey (2019-06-12 02:01:39+00:00): I reverted your change as you deleted the road name, please next time if in doubt first ask the original contributor of the data via a changeset comment.
user_5359 (2019-06-12 14:46:52+00:00): Welcome to OSM! May I ask if you have used an additional program or website for the listing or if anyone has advised you? I'd like to know why you didn't use the standard keys for an address. Is a helping description missing somewhere?
viloan (2019-06-12 00:44:10+00:00): Bem-vindo(a) ao OpenStreetMap e parabéns pela sua primeira edição! :-)

Temos um portal brasileiro sobre o OpenStreetMap, com várias informações úteis em https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Brasil

Enquanto você está se acostumando com o OpenStreetMap, é recomendado que sempre pergunte aos usuários mais experientes antes de remover ou modificar objetos do mapa, especialmente aqueles que são aparentemente "estranhos" ou "fora do lugar".

Além disso, pedimos que não copie dados de mapas proprietários (como nomes de ruas do Google Maps, por exemplo) e que mapeie apenas o que existe na realidade.

Se você está mapeando por causa do Pokémon, dê uma olhada em https://blog.openstreetmap.org/2017/12/01/dicas-para-novos-mapeadores-pokemon-go/?lang=pt-pt

Se tiver qualquer tipo de dúvida você pode entrar em contato com a comunidade brasileira através de algum dos canais disponíveis em https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Pt:Contact
O canal "Comunidade" do Telegram costuma ser o mais movimentado.

Abraço e boa diversão com suas edições!
fishcharlie (2021-05-26 02:00:20+00:00): Please be careful about typos. In this changeset way 132908879 was spelled incorrectly "Saintt" instead of "Saint". Always a good idea to verify your work before publishing your changes.
mapman44 (2021-05-26 04:42:15+00:00): Thanks.
CloCkWeRX (2019-06-14 03:10:38+00:00): Nice work :)

You might also be interested in android apps like StreetComplete, which allow you to capture speed limits as you walk around your local neighbourhood.

Welcome to Openstreetmap
SomeoneElse (2019-06-12 08:49:51+00:00): Hello agaon Eugekh,
Please don't create imaginary data such as https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/543923641/history - there is clearly no park that covers those two schools.
Best Regards,
Andy
SomeoneElse (2019-06-12 08:50:18+00:00): Hola de nuevo Eugekh,
Por favor, no cree datos imaginarios como https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/543923641/history - claramente no hay ningún parque que cubra esas dos escuelas.
Atentamente,
Andy
OSM_RogerWilco (2023-03-23 21:00:20+00:00): Moin timmito,

die Änderung ist schon etwas länger her, aber vielleicht kannst Du die Frage trotzdem beantworten: Ist dies ein echter Mini-Kreisverkehr (mit entsprechender Beschilderung und Vorfahrt für den Verkehr im Kreis)?

Viele Grüße
Roger Wilco
timmito (2023-03-24 01:47:53+00:00): Moin. Ja genau, überfahrbarer Mittelbereich mit Zeichen 215 Kreisverkehr. Es gibt auch einen Artikel mit Foto dazu: https://www.kreiszeitung.de/lokales/diepholz/syke-ort44535/mehr-farbe-mehr-sicherheit-12372253.html Mittlerweile sind auch bessere Luftbilder vorhanden, sodass man den Straßenverlauf ggf. noch präzisieren könnte.
OSM_RogerWilco (2023-03-24 04:30:48+00:00): Super. Vielen Dank für die schnelle Antwort.

Bin gerade dabei falsche highway=mini_roundabout zu bereinigen. Der Tag wird ja für alles mögliche missbraucht. Aber dann ist hier ja alles in Ordnung. :-)
markus_hemnet (2019-06-17 07:58:19+00:00): FYI this is coastline according to Swedish official water data service VISS:
https://viss.lansstyrelsen.se/Waters.aspx?waterMSCD=WA36457164

I won't try to update this again though.
gurglypipe (2019-06-13 09:27:58+00:00): Should this road actually be called ‘Park Lane’? But then there’s another road parallel to it which is already ‘Park Lane’.
gurglypipe (2019-06-13 09:29:56+00:00): OpenData StreetView says ‘Park La’, but that’s just because it’s truncated. Pretty sure it should be ‘Park Lane’. I’ve made the fix in https://www.openstreetmap.org/changeset/71210381. Anyone with local knowledge who knows better can improve it.
yaswap (2019-06-17 03:08:56+00:00): Hi,

Thanks for looking into the edit. We added the data as per the OS data. But yes, the same road name was already added to the secondary road on the left. The name of the street that was added could be different.Thanks for editing it. We always trust the local edits over remote sources.

Regards,
yaswap.
SomeoneElse (2019-06-28 12:35:06+00:00): Hello,
What's the evidence that https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/76235197/history should have a motor_vehicle=yes access tag?
I'm familiar with the area, and it was not my impression that it was publically accessible, though of course anyone delivering to addresses down here would be able to use it.
Best Regards,
Andy
cvamsi (2019-07-02 11:11:41+00:00): Hi,

Thank you for providing feedback on the edit. The edit on "motor_vehicle=yes" attribute was made as vehicles were visible near the houses in the satellite imagery. As per community feedback on not to add "motor_vehicle=yes" tag until complete evidence is available, reverting my changes. 

Changeset-https://www.openstreetmap.org/changeset/71817380#map=17/53.23498/-1.37296

Please let me know if there are any other suggestions.
Regards,
cvamsi.
SomeoneElse (2019-07-02 12:04:11+00:00): Hello,
Thanks for that.
Best Regards,
Andy
viloan (2019-06-12 02:50:13+00:00): Bem-vindo(a) ao OpenStreetMap e parabéns pela sua primeira edição! :-)

Temos um portal brasileiro sobre o OpenStreetMap, com várias informações úteis em https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Brasil

Enquanto você está se acostumando com o OpenStreetMap, é recomendado que sempre pergunte aos usuários mais experientes antes de remover ou modificar objetos do mapa, especialmente aqueles que são aparentemente "estranhos" ou "fora do lugar".

Além disso, pedimos que não copie dados de mapas proprietários (como nomes de ruas do Google Maps, por exemplo) e que mapeie apenas o que existe na realidade.

Se você está mapeando por causa do Pokémon, dê uma olhada em https://blog.openstreetmap.org/2017/12/01/dicas-para-novos-mapeadores-pokemon-go/?lang=pt-pt

Se tiver qualquer tipo de dúvida você pode entrar em contato com a comunidade brasileira através de algum dos canais disponíveis em https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Pt:Contact
O canal "Comunidade" do Telegram costuma ser o mais movimentado.

Abraço e boa diversão com suas edições!
Nutchanon Wetchasit (2019-06-12 13:06:40+00:00): It's Grab's "contributors" again, isn't it?

Please explain how Paragon's customer entrance driveway is supposed to be "private"?

Else, I will have to revert your swath of edits; because the last time I went there (which is not far from the time you made this edit), it is not the case.

And DO actually explain WHAT and WHY did you change in your changeset comment, not just writing the ruddin' hashtag.
<https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Good_changeset_comments>

Why corporate armchar mappers are all the same...
mueschel (2019-06-12 15:51:19+00:00): Hi,
you used several tags on buildings that are not common and are not used in other places:

addr:rt=5
addr:rw=1
object:id=45

Could you change them to common tags? This is important, because undocumented tags can not be searched for and are not understood by applications and other mappers.

Thanks
Jan
adiatmad (2019-06-13 01:36:46+00:00): Hi Jan,

You are correct. These are specific tag for our work, but we can change them to common tags. Let me discuss with my mapping team. Please kindly wait for next change.

Thanks
seattlefyi (2019-06-12 20:20:31+00:00): Hi, looking at these edits, just have a few notes: the shapes of the ways look good, but please make sure crossing ways (that connect) are connected by a node. Also, the end of the new way you added here isn't connected to the existing ways, not sure why. Thanks for the changes!
ralley (2019-06-24 09:57:02+00:00): Please don't put the city in the addr:suburb field, there is a seperate addr:city field (but it is not needed).  In this case "Waitakere City" is out of date - it has not existed since 2010
seattlefyi (2019-06-12 20:27:41+00:00): Also strange is the end nodes for the new ways you added are on top of each other, but aren't actually connected. There seem to be these kinds of disconnects in the network in this area. Not sure if it's  an editing tool bug, but please keep an eye out for snapping nodes to each other. Thanks!
mmahmud (2019-06-30 14:28:31+00:00): Hi, this is not a Unclassified road and it does not lead anywhere. Why was it drawn? And when a path crosses a stream, a ford should be tagged in the intersection.
PlazaBaquedano (2019-07-02 09:31:41+00:00): My mistake, I was not looking at the imagery. I’ve removed the section I added.
Minh Nguyen (2019-08-20 23:21:29+00:00): By the way, the OSIP 6in background imagery layer is almost as up-to-date as DigitalGlobe/Maxar imagery but much higher-resolution and better aligned.
Supaplex (2019-08-09 16:40:59+00:00): 恭喜您完成第一次的地圖編輯！ 歡迎加入開放街圖，群眾共同參與，繪製生活週遭大家關心事物的共編地圖。以下是相關的參考資料，歡迎隨時指教與提問。

編輯須知
台灣的標示依循準則可參考 http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Taiwan
常見的圖徵標示方式可參考 http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Zh-hant:Map_Features
給Pokemon Go玩家的建議：https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tips_for_new_(Pokemon_Go)_mappers
組織性編輯指南：https://wiki.osmfoundation.org/wiki/Organised_Editing_Guidelines

台灣社群網站
台灣 OpenStreetMap 網站  https://osm.tw/
臉書粉絲頁OpenStreetMap台灣 https://www.facebook.com/openstreetmaptaiwan/
台灣社群Facebook社團 https://www.facebook.com/groups/OpenStreetMap.TW/
郵件論壇 https://lists.openstreetmap.org/listinfo/talk-tw
Telegram OpenStreetMap Taiwan https://t.me/joinchat/Aqu2IgnTuIidMfREdNmomQ
Telegram OpenStreetMap Asia  https://t.me/OpenStreetMapAsia
Slack https://osm-tw.signup.team/

Happy Mapping!
seattlefyi (2019-06-12 05:01:28+00:00): Hi, and welcome to OSM! I haven't had a chance yet to review your edits, but could you please add some changeset comments on upload which somewhat summarize what edits you're making? Thanks!
Miroff (2019-07-05 13:08:08+00:00): Добрый день. Скажите, с какой целью вы изменили статус дороги с track аж не tertiary? Это нарушает принятое в РФ соглашение о классификации дорог: https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/RU:Highway_classification
trigpoint (2019-06-20 08:27:58+00:00): Hi
These changes are a bit out of step with the consensus of the UK community.
Please could you confirm the source of these changes?
Have you been here? and did you observe signs such as "Kennet and Avon canal towpath"?
A name is an actual name and if my satnav directs me to use a named way I would expect to see a sign confirming that. The name tag should not be used for descriptions.
Being more specific https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/2685 56695/history was mapped as a cycleway for many years until you changed it. It is also not the canal towpath, its a bit difficult to pull a boat from 3m above n'est pas?
The actual towpath is at the canal level and is also mapped.
Highway=path is a bit of a late comer in OSM terms and is rarely used in the UK.
Cheers Phil
AlwynWellington (2019-06-22 05:06:28+00:00): @trigpoint
I've had other stuff these past two days.
Thank you for your observations and you raise some interesting points for discussion. Rather than attempt to answer all at once I've made a first selection, so, with a slight alteration in sequence, here goes:
1) o) These changes are a bit out of step with the consensus of the UK community.
1) r) I believe my tags follow OSM documentation.  And thus understood by readers wherever they live.
2) o) Highway=path is a bit of a late comer in OSM terms and is rarely used in the UK.
2 r) In my recent work I encountered the tag "Highway=Cycle and Foot Way" with a blue line when rendered.  On saving my work OSM said these were redundant and should be replaced with "Highway=Path".

The practice of local territorial authorities where I live (city councils, for example) create shared paths in urban and rural settings and / or allow bicyles on certain footpaths.  Some of these may be designated by a cycling club as a cycle route and maintain sihns (like the National Trail signs, but with a bike rather than an acorn).  They are still shared paths and official signage is a walker above a bike.  Often there is text below saying "Pedestrian Priority" and less often "Cyclists must give way".
It is clear to me, reading "official" web sites that the intention for ways such as Kennet and Avon Canal tow path is a shared path.  To tag them 'cycleway' seems to not only an appropriation and, to an international reader, saying do not go here.
I would appreciate your observations.  But to rely on UK customary use is not helpful.  I can elaborate why I have that viewpoint in a latter discussion.
Phil, over to you.
Kind regards
trigpoint (2019-06-23 16:38:29+00:00): Hi Alwyn
Than you for your response but please can you answer the following questions

Where in OSM documentation does it say that shared use cyccleways should not be mapped as highway=cycleway?

You say that when you tried to save your work OSM said these were redundant, please can you tell me waht you mean by OSM and what message you recieved. The iD editor does occasionally give warning, but I have never seen on when mapping cycleways.

You added a name to https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/268556695/ This is not the towpath, https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/163500222 is the towpath at this point. Note it goes under the bridges.
However the name should only be applied if it an actual name of the way that is verifiable on the ground. If you are mapping a long distance route then the name should be part of the relation, not of every way.
You mention 'official' websites, do you have permission to use their information in OSM?

You may find https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Path_controversy and https://www.openstreetmap.org/user/Richard/diary/20333 of interest.

Whilst OSM is a database and a blue line is the way a cycleway is mapped on one particular renderer.

I would appreciate your comments, I am also intrigued as to why someone from New Zealand is so interested in European towpaths.

Cheers Phil
trigpoint (2019-06-24 11:47:46+00:00): Hi Alwyn
I have also noticed that when changing cycleway to path you have not added bicycle=yes which has resulted in broken bicycle routing, see https://www.openstreetmap.org/directions?engine=graphhopper_bicycle&route=51.3545%2C-1.9834%3B51.3542%2C-2.0013#map=17/51.35454/-1.98726&layers=N
When we consider that this is part of NCN 4, that is a very big problem for the integrity of OSM data.
Cheers Phil
Richard (2019-06-24 11:54:19+00:00): Because this breaks bike routing, I'll revert this changeset unless I hear any other compelling reasons asap.
AlwynWellington (2019-06-25 07:50:49+00:00): Phil, thank you and an important point part of my continuing learning.
I know I checked that the NCR4 relation was still present.
I have just now also looked at all the elements of NCR4 middle section Newbury to Severn Bridge and, at first  blush, there are quite a number of discontinuities.
It was the around 12 discontinuities that got me started on the elements making up the route relation for K&A towpath.
Kind regards, Alan