I 1790 var slaveri en avtagende praksis i USA. Bortsett fra tobakk, ris og en sjelden bomullsart frembrakte ikke sørstatene noen avling med eksportverdi. Dette endret seg i 1793 da (egentlig )<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/technology/cotton-gin «Cotton gin», Democracy in AmericaAmerican Colonization SocietyReport On The Diseases and Physical Peculiarities Of The Negro raceNew Orleans Medical and Surgical JournalDysaethesia Aethiopicapasienten settes til hard arbeid i friluft og solskinnThe Liberator. Harriet Beecher Stowe, forfatter av Narritive in the Life of Frederick DouglassThe House of Bondage Or Charlotte Brooks and Other SlavesFreedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation, 1861-1867Slave Testimony: Two Centuries of Letters, Speeches, Interviews, and AutobiographiesA Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American SlaveAutographs for FreedomMy Bondage and My FreedomLife and Times of Frederick DouglassFrederick Douglass: AutobiographiesThe American Slave: A Composite AutobiographyMany Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America.Slavery and Freedom in the Age of the American RevolutionInhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New WorldSlavery : A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life.Slavery, Law, and Politics: The Dred Scott Case in Historical PerspectiveWithout Consent or Contract: The Rise and Fall of American SlaveryRoll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves MadeThe Political Economy of Slavery: Studies in the Economy and Society of the Slave SouthFruits of Merchant Capital: Slavery and Bourgeois Property in the Rise and Expansion of CapitalismIn the Matter of Color: Race and the American Legal Process: The Colonial Period.American Slavery, 1619-1877American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia Southern Slavery and the Law, 1619-1860The Overseer: Plantation Management in the Old SouthThe Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum SouthSpeculators and Slaves: Masters, Traders, and Slaves in the Old South'' University of Wisconsin Press, 1989.