--> PerkinElmer - Cisbio Home Life sciences Autoimmunity Autoimmune diseases, a world to explore Autoimmune diseases at a glance A healthy immune system fights pathogens and abnormal cells to protect the body against diseases. However, if the immune system malfunctions, it may mistakenly mount an attack against healthy cells, tissues, and ultimately organs. Autoimmune diseases can affect any part of the body, weakening organism function and potentially becoming life-threatening. Over 80 autoimmune diseases have been reported and classified at this time, divided into two categories: multisystem and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. White paper Discover the key characteristics and inflammatory pathways of autoimmune diseases. Gain insight into current and emerging therapeutic approaches for autoimmune diseases. Download Guide Find answers about the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases, related cellular and molecular mechanisms , and current and future therapeutic strategies in autoimmune disease treatment Download Over 80 autoimmune diseases have been reported and classified at this time, divided into two categories: multisystem and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Rheumatoid Arthritis Systemic Lupus Inflammatory Bowel Disease Multiple Sclerosis Type 1 Diabetes Rheumatoid Arthritis Next Dive deeper into understanding rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis is considered as the most common chronic inflammatory disease. This autoimmune disease affects around 1% of the global population and is more prevalent in females than males. Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic and symmetric inflammatory disease associated with joint redness, hotness, stiffness, swelling and pain. Affected joints are primarily located at the wrists, fingers, toes, and knees. The rheumatoid arthritis inflammatory pathway Step 1: Triggers are of genetic or environmental origin, or both, causing a phenomenon known as peptide citrullination. Citrunillation is a post-translational modification that converts arginine into citrulline. Citrunillated proteins are then considered as foreign antigens and are recognized by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Step 2: Autoantigen loaded-APCs migrate into the lymph nodes, where they activate CD4+ helper T-Cells. In turn, these helper T-cells stimulate B-cell differentiation into plasma cells, which produce autoantibodies. The two most important autoantibodies associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). Step 3: CD4+ helper T cells, plasma cells, RF, and ACPA autoantibodies migrate through the bloodstream and infiltrate back into joints. We then observe an activation of immune cells in joints, triggering cytokine production. Over the long-term, this autoimmune reaction in RA can result in cartilage damage and bone erosion. Inflammation pathway reading, the way to tackle autoimmunity? This literature review features experiments and data from published studies that investigated five inflammatory pathways, including STING, NF-kB, MAP kinases, and T and B cell activation pathways ZAP-70 and BTK. Read it now Cytokines & Biomarkers Next Cortisol kit Cynomolgus TNF alpha kit Histamine Dynamic kit HMGB1 kit Human CCL5 (RANTES) kit Human Granzyme B kit Human IFN alpha kit Human IFN beta kit Human IFN gamma kit Human IL1 beta kit Human IL17 kit Human IL6 kit Human Perforin-1 kit Human TNF alpha kit Leukotriene B4 kit See all products PerkinElmer - Cisbio Get on the list to receive remarkable content Subscribe Life sciences In Vitro Diagnostic Cisbio Select your country Follow us