Know How Know How ENOTEC Sensors ENOTEC sensors have been developed to be the most robust sensors available. Only the highest grade and best suited materials are used to construct the sensors. This makes them able to endure adverse conditions found in aggressive flue gases, typically for many years with continuous accurate measurements. Being positioned directly in the flue enables fast and efficient process control which results in fuel and emmissions reductions.In addition, this reliability and accuracy enhances the plant safety. ENOTEC O2 sensors are heated to a constant temperature of 800 °C. The high cell temperature keeps the measuring surface free of deposits and makes the cell less cross-sensitive to flue gas components than of other manufactures. reference air flow O2 ion movement process gas thermocouple cell protection mV voltage heater sensor Cell Surface Protection - CSP A permanently reducing atmosphere, such as those present in sewage sludge drying plants, shorten the life span of ZrO2 sensors. Since there is not sufficient free oxygen present, combustible molecules, which constitute a majority in the flue gas, bind to the oxygen molecules of the ceramic sensor. The constant lack of oxygen at the process gas side of the ZrO2 sensor reduces the ceramic sensor which is coated by a platinum layer (electrode). The platinum gradually detaches itsself from the sensor until no platinum is left. The CSP (Cell Surface Protection) invented by ENOTEC, limits the "purging" of electrons, by keeping the sensor voltage at a constant level. This is achieved by passing electrons from the process gas side, back to the reference gas side so that an oxygen ion migration takes place and protects the sensor against further reduction. Cell Surface Protection is particularly interesting for sludge drying, during which oxygen deficiency constantly prevails under normal operating conditions if no air leaks into the drying plant. Low NOx combustion processes, which operate with a two-stage combustion process (first stage with a lack of air and second stage with excess air), are also applications where CSP is of relevance. ZrO2 Reference gas side Scheme: Function of CSP Process gas side O2+4e-→2O2- 2O2-→O2+4e- Fastest response time Fast reaction to changes in process gas composition is evident after calibration and this speed of measurement is the same when the sensor reacts to changes of the oxygen concentration in flue. An immediate regulation of the combustion process is thus possible. Dynamics of the process The possibility to refer to earlier calibrations enhances your knowledge of your process conditions and reduces the risk of handling errors during future calibrations. The self monitoring and self diagnostic functions of ENOTEC analyzer systems include „O2 Sensor Life“. Here one is informed of the state of the sensor. MLT O2 Sensors ENOTEC use only the most robust materials in creating sensors, giving them an operational life span superior to any comparative sensor on the world market. The sensors are leak-proof, typically for many years due to an elaborate soldering process, giving them lasting accuracy and reliability. Many competitor cells are glued in and prone to leakages and deterioration after short periods. A leaking cell will indicate higher O2 levels than actually present and may result in incorrect combustion control and dangerous flue gas conditions. The sensors are positioned directly in the flue at the end of the patented probes which enables quick and representative measurements. Any fluctuations in the gas composition can be quickly responded to. This allows for efficient combustion control, resulting in reduced energy usage which in turn keeps the output of emissions to a minimum. In addition to the standard O2 sensor, ENOTEC produces the MLT O2 sensor. The MLT (Multi Layer Technology) sensor is the premium sensor for measurement of oxygen in harsh process conditions such as with aggressive or corrosive flue gas compositions. MXP COe Sensors COMTEC® 6000 analyzers use a combination of an O2 and an additional COe sensor for exact process control. The MXP sensor in COMTEC® probes provide a supplementary measurement of combustibles in addition to O2 measurement from the MLT sensor. This additional measurement guarantees safer process control as the COe and oxygen content in flue gas are directly related to each other. Using the COMTEC® InSitu analyzer, the process can be controlled highly efficiently as the combustion sweet spot can be reached Start Privacy