Call Us! 818-899-0236 Home About Services SDS / Tech Sheets Materials 101 News Contact Get a Quote Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) CVD results from the chemical reaction of gaseous precursor(s) at a heated substrate to yield a fully dense deposit. Ultramet uses chemical Vapor Deposition to apply refractory metals and ceramics as thin coatings on various substrates and to produce freestanding thick-walled structures. Thermodynamics and kinetics drive both precursor generation and decomposition. Control of thermodynamics and kinetics through temperature, pressure, and concentrations yields the desired deposit. CVD reaction Metal deposition metal halide (g) → metal(s) + byproduct (g) Ceramic deposition metal halide (g) + oxygen/carbon/nitrogen/boron source (g) → ceramic(s) + byproduct (g) CONTACT AN EXPERT Advantages of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Can be used for a wide range of metals and ceramics Can be used for CVD coatings or freestanding structures Fabricates net or near-net complex shapes Is self-cleaning—extremely high purity deposits (>99.995% purity) Conforms homogeneously to contours of substrate surface Has near-theoretical as-deposited density Has controllable thickness and morphology Forms alloys Infiltrates fiber preforms and foam structures Coats internal passages with high length-to-diameter ratios Can simultaneously coat multiple components Coats powders Hot-wall CVD reactor in process. Parts heated and coated within graphite furnace. Cold-wall CVD reactor in process. Part heated directly and coated. Microstructure of high-emittance black rhenium coating showing pyramidal dendrites formed by CVD Layered CVD ceramic coating (top) conforms closely to underlying substrate to create a robust bond at the interface. Left, large freestanding solid rhenium thruster (19″ high × 10″ diameter at base) fabricated by CVD, demonstrating Ultramet’s scale-up expertise; top right, freestanding parts of solid rhenium, tantalum, and tungsten formed by CVD; bottom right, monolithic CVD rhenium thrust chambers for tactical propulsion applications. Top left, mirror fabricated entirely by CVD of silicon carbide foam with a polished silicon carbide facesheet; bottom left, rhenium-coated graphite spheres; right, iridium-lined rhenium thrust chamber with niobium flanges, all fabricated by CVD. Chemical Vapor Deposition Variations CVD results from the chemical reaction of gaseous precursor(s) at a heated substrate to yield a fully dense deposit. Ultramet uses chemical vapor deposition to apply refractory metals and ceramics as thin coatings on various substrates and to produce freestanding thick-walled structures. Below are two common variations we employ for specific needs to leverage the complete advantages of CVD. CVI Rhenium foam fabricated by CVI, showing uniform coating and open-cell structure Chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) is CVD with minor process changes that allow homogenous infiltration of porous structures such as foams and fiber preforms. Through control of pressure and/or thermal gradients within a reactor, gaseous precursors are allowed to uniformly permeate porous structures. Deposition of the desired compound thus occurs on all internal surfaces. CVI offers the ability to fabricate engineered porous structures such as reticulated foam from any of the materials that can be deposited via CVD. UVCVD Ultraviolet-activated chemical vapor deposition (UVCVD) is a variant of CVD that uses ultraviolet energy to drive the chemical reaction instead of thermal energy. The primary advantage of UVCVD is the ability to apply CVD coatings at extremely low temperatures (room temperature to 300°C). Materials Deposited by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Ultramet specializes in the chemical vapor deposition of refractory metals and ceramics. CVD results from the chemical reaction of gaseous precursor(s) at a heated substrate to yield a fully dense deposit. Ultramet uses chemical vapor deposition to apply refractory metals and ceramics as thin coatings on various substrates and to produce freestanding thick-walled structures. Please contact us for your specific needs and applications. The following are some of the materials with which Ultramet possesses broad experience: Nonoxide ceramics Tantalum carbide (TaC) Tantalum nitride (TaN) Tantalum diboride (TaB2) Tungsten carbide (WC) Tungsten diboride (WB2) Hafnium carbide (HfC) Hafnium nitride (HfN) Hafnium diboride (HfB2) Zirconium carbide (ZrC) Zirconium nitride (ZrN) Zirconium diboride (ZrB2) Silicon carbide (SiC) Silicon nitride (Si3Ni4) Niobium carbide (NbC) Niobium nitride (NbN) Niobium diboride (NbB2) Titanium carbide (TiC) Titanium nitride (TiN) Titanium diboride (TiB2) Vanadium carbide (VC) Vanadium nitride (VN) Boron carbide (B4C) Boron nitride (BN) Metals Rhenium (Re) Tantalum (Ta) Tungsten (W) Niobium (Nb) Molybdenum (Mo) Iridium (Ir) Platinum (Pt) Boron (B) Silicon (Si) Metal alloys: W-Re, Ta-W, Mo-Re, Ir-Pt Oxide ceramics Alumina (Al2O3) Hafnia (HfO2) Silica (SiO2) Tantala (Ta2O5) Titania (TiO2) Yttria (Y2O3) Zirconia (ZrO2) Inside-out Processing of Chemical Vapor Deposition Using the layering capability inherent to CVD, Ultramet developed inside-out processing to facilitate the fabrication of complex functionally graded material systems. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Process Fabricate mandrel that conforms to inner dimensions of final component. Deposit desired material(s). Remove mandrel to yield final part. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Advantages Can deposit several materials to form a composite or lined structure Can fabricate components with intricate inner geometries Yields net-shape parts, requiring little or no postprocess machining Inside-out CVD processing of iridium-rhenium-lined carbon/carbon structure Explore More Learn More about Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Chemical Vapor Deposition Variants: CVI and UVCVD Materials Deposited by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Inside-out Processing of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) CONTACT AN EXPERT Services Catalysis Ceramic Matrix Composites Ceramic Protective Coatings Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) CVI and UVCV Materials Deposited by CVD Inside-out Processing Fiber Interface Coatings Propulsion System Components Refractory Metal Coatings & Freestanding Structures Refractory Open-Cell Foams Rhenium Raw Material Thermal Protection Systems ABOUT Ultramet, a California corporation, develops advanced materials solutions for government and commercial markets driven by extreme environments and high performance. Ultramet devises the manufacturing methods to produce the desired components and manufactures or licenses said components with a commitment to quality and reproducibility. ADDRESS 12173 Montague Street, Pacoima CA 91331 Telephone: 818-899-0236 Fax: 818-890-1946 Email: mail@ultramet.com GET QUOTEJOB INQUIRIES SUBSCRIBE Sign up to receive the latest news and information on Ultramet products and services. Copyright 2021 Ultramet | Powered by GrossiWeb ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED