IT FR EN logicalsolutions SETOA SERVICES SPECIALIZATIONS UTILITIES CONTACTS WORK WITH US Utilities Incoterms® 2020 Incoterms®, acronym of International Commercial Terms. are the official set of rules of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) used worldwide for international and domestic contracts. They regulate the responsibilities of buyers and sellers with regard to costs and risks as well as freight insurance. First established in 1936, they are periodically revised in order to keep them in line with the evolution of international transactions. Description of the Incoterms® Duties: they regulate responsibilities between seller and buyer by defining who is responsible for transport, insurance and the relevant documents for transport. Transfer of risk: determines when the seller transfers the goods and thus the responsibility (transfer of risk) to the buyer. Costs: the Incoterms® also regulate which costs are borne by the seller during transport and which by the buyer (costs for transport, packaging, loading and unloading). Incoterms® 2020 update Main changes in the Incoterms® 2020 rules compared to the 2010 edition: DAT (delivered to the terminal) has been renamed ‘Delivered at Place Unloaded’ (DPU). It was decided to remove the term “terminal” to resolve the possible misunderstanding referring to this word, sometimes misinterpreted as a customs terminal. It was therefore decided to use DPU (Delivery At Place Unloaded), to extend the reference to “any place, covered or not”. Free Carrier (FCA) has been revised for Incoterms® 2020 to cater to a situation where goods are sold FCA for carriage by sea and buyer or seller (or either party’s bank) requests a bill of lading with an on-board notation. FCA in article A6/B6 now provides for the parties to agree that the buyer will instruct the carrier to issue an on-board bill of lading to the seller once the goods have been loaded on board, and for the seller then to tender the document to the buyer (often through the banks). CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) and CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To) define new standard insurance agreements, but the level of insurance continues to be negotiable between buyer and seller. Under the CIF Incoterms® rule, which is reserved for use in maritime trade and is often used in commodity trading, the Institute Cargo Clauses (C) remains the default level of coverage, giving parties the option to agree to a higher level of insurance cover. Taking into account feedback from global users, the CIP Incoterms® rule now requires a higher level of cover, compliant with the Institute Cargo Clauses (A) or similar clauses. Within Incoterms® 2020, all costs associated with a given Incoterms rule now appear at article A9/B9 of that rule, allowing users to see the full list of expected costs at a glance. In addition to the aggregated presentation, the costs associated with each item – for example, carriage (article A4/B4) or export clearance (article A7/B7) – still appear in the respective articles to accommodate a user who wants to focus on a specific aspect of the sale transaction. FCA (free carrier), DAP (delivered at place), DPU (delivered at place unloaded) and DDP (delivery duty paid) now take into account the buyer and seller arranging their own transport rather than using a third-party carrier, such as a seller using its own means of transportation, or a buyer using its own vehicle to collect goods. Building on the extensive security-related requirements established by Incoterms® 2010, the latest edition of the Incoterms® rules includes clearer and more detailed security-related obligations in articles A4 on carriage and A7 on export/import clearance of each Incoterms® rule. Costs relating to these requirements also appear in the consolidated costs article, A9/B9. The former Delivered at Terminal (DAT) has been changed to Delivered at Place Unloaded (DPU) to emphasise that the place of destination can be any place and not just a “terminal,” and to underscore the sole difference from Delivered at Place Unloaded (DPU) – under DAP the seller does not unload the goods, under DPU, seller does unload the goods. And since delivery under DAP happens before unloading, Incoterms® 2020 presents the newly named DPU after DAP. “Explanatory Notes for Users” for each Incoterm® have replaced the 2010 edition’s Guidance Notes, and are designed to be easier for users. The Incoterms® clauses for all modes of transport: EXW – Ex Works: “Ex Works” means that the Seller delivers as soon as he makes the goods available to the Buyer at the Seller’s premises or at another designated location (e.g. factory, warehouse, etc.). The seller does not have to load the goods on any collecting vehicle nor does he need to clear the goods for export if necessary. CPT – Carriage Paid To: “Carriage Paid To” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person designated by the seller at an agreed place (if such a place has been agreed between the parties) and that the seller must conclude the contract of carriage and pay the freight charges incurred for carriage of the goods to the named place of destination. Once the goods have been delivered to the buyer in this way, the seller does not guarantee that the goods will reach the place of destination in sound condition, in the stated quantity or indeed at all. This is because risk transfers from seller to buyer when the goods are delivered to the buyer by handing them over to the carrier; the seller must nonetheless contract for the carriage of the goods from delivery to the agreed destination. DAP – Delivered at Place: “Delivered at Place” means that the seller delivers when the goods are made available to the buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination. The seller bears all risks associated with the transport to the named place. The buyer, in turn, is responsible for unloading the goods at the place of destination and bears the risks from here. DDP – Delivered Duty Paid: “Delivered Duty Paid” means that the seller delivers when he places the goods cleared for import at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport, ready for unloading at the named place of destination. The seller bears all costs and risks associated with the transport of the goods to the place of destination and has the obligation to clear the goods not only for export but also for import, to pay all duties for both export and import and to complete all customs formalities. FCA – Free Carrier: “Free Carrier” means that the goods are deemed to have been delivered as soon as the Seller makes the goods available to the carrier or another person designated by the Buyer. Delivery shall take place when the named place is on the Seller’s premises or reaches a named place after loading onto the transport vehicle arranged by the buyer. The parties should determine the place within the named place of delivery as precisely as possible, as the risk passes to the buyer at this point. CIP – Carriage and Insurance Paid To: “Carriage and Insurance Paid To” means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier or another person designated by the seller at an agreed place (if such a place has been agreed between the parties). The Seller shall bear the costs until delivery is made but does not guarantee that the goods will reach their destination in perfect condition. Other than CPT has the seller to cover the insurance of the goods against loss or damage during transport at least to the place of the agreed destination. DPU – Delivered at Place Unloaded: “Delivered at Place Unloaded” means that the transfer of risk and delivery from the seller to the buyer takes place after unloading of the arriving means of transport at the named place of destination or at an agreed place at this place. The seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to and unloading them at the named place of destination. DPU is the only Incoterms rule that requires the seller to unload goods at destination. The seller should therefore ensure that it is in a position to organise unloading at the named place. Should the parties intend the seller not to bear the risk and cost of unloading, the DPU rule should be avoided and DAP should be used instead. Rules for Sea & Inland Waterway Transport: FAS – Free Alongside Ship: “Free Alongside Ship” means that the seller delivers when the goods are delivered alongside the ship (e.g. at a quay or on an inland waterway vessel) in the named port of shipment. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes if the goods are alongside the ship. The buyer shall bear all costs from that time. CFR – Costs and Freight: “Cost and Freight” means that the Seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the ship. The seller shall conclude the contract of carriage and bear the costs and freight necessary to transport the goods to the named port of destination. FOB – Free On board: “Free On Board” means that the seller delivers the goods on board the ship designated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or ships the goods already delivered in this way. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred when the goods are on board the ship. The buyer shall bear all costs from this point in time. CIF – Costs, Insurance and Freight: “Cost Insurance and Freight” means that the Seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the ship. The Seller shall conclude the contract of carriage and bear the costs and freight necessary to transport the goods to the named port of destination. In addition, the Seller shall take out, at its own expense, transport insurance at least equal to the minimum cover provided for in Clauses (C) of the Institute Cargo Clauses (LMA/IUA) or similar clauses. If the buyer wishes a higher level of insurance cover, he must expressly agree this with the seller or take out additional insurance himself. The following brochure shows the changes to the Incoterms® in their new version and describes them in detail. The new version of the Incoterms® came into force on 1 January 2020 and takes into account the increased security requirements for the transport of goods. Download all changes including our infografic below. INCOTERMS® SHEET INCOTERMS® 2020 For more informations about Incoterms® visit the official website. How can we help your business grow? 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