MENU Publications on Marine Ecology See also "Publications on Marine Mammals and Acoustics", "Birds", and "Fish" Aumack, C.F.º, K.H. Duntonº, A.B. Burdº, D.W. Funk and R.A. Maffioneº. 2007. Linking light attenuation and suspended sediment loading to benthic productivity within an Arctic kelp‑bed community. J. Phycol. 43(5):853‑863. link Bärlocher, F.* and V.D. Moulton. 1999. Spartina alterniflora in two New Brunswick salt marshes. I. Growth and decomposition**. Bull. Mar. Sci. 64(2):299‑305. link Boehm, P.D.*, D.L. Fiest*, I. Kaplan*, P. Mankiewicz* and G.S. Lewbel. 1983. A natural resources damage assessment study: the Ixtoc I blowout. p. 507‑515 In: Proc. 1983 Oil Spill Conf. Am. Petrol. Inst., Washington, DC. Boulding, E.G.*, T. Hay*, M. Holst, S. Kamel*, D. Pakes* and A.D. Tie*. 2007. Modelling the genetics and demography of step cline formation: gastropod populations preyed on by experimentally introduced crabs**. J. Evol. Biol. 20(5):1976‑1987. link Borstad, G.º, L. Brownº, W. Cross, M. Nalleeº and P. Wainwright. 1997. Towards a management plan for a tropical reef‑lagoon system using airborne multispectral imaging and GIS. In: 4th Intern. Conf. on Remote Sensing for Marine & Coastal Environments, Orlando, FL, March 1997. link Bradstreet, M.S.W. 1982. Occurrence, habitat use, and behavior of seabirds, marine mammals, and Arctic cod at the Pond Inlet ice edge. Arctic 35(1):28‑40. link Bradstreet, M.S.W. 1982. Pelagic feeding ecology of Dovekies, Alle alle, in Lancaster Sound and western Baffin Bay. Arctic 35(1):126‑140. link Bradstreet, M.S.W. and W.E. Cross. 1982. Trophic relationships at High Arctic ice edges. Arctic 35(1):1‑12. link Buchanan, R.A. and A.D. Sekerak. 1982. Vertical distribution of zooplankton in eastern Lancaster Sound and western Baffin Bay, July‑October 1978. Arctic 35(1):41‑55. link Burns, C.W., D. Robichaud, E. Plate, T.G. Gerwing, J. Novoa, Y. Bychkov and R. Bocking. 2020. The effect of a spatial harvest closure area on the abundance, movement, and demographics of an intensively fished population of Dungeness Crabs (Cancer magister) along Roberts Bank, British Columbia, Canada. Estuar. Coast. link Chollett, I.*, M. Priest*, S. Fulton* and W.D. Heyman. 2020. Should we protect extirpated fish spawning aggregation sites?. Biol. Conserv. 241:108395. link Cole, J.G., B.J. Gallaway, L.R. Martin, J.M. Nance* and M. Longnecker*. 2006. Spatial allocation of shrimp catch based on fishing effort: adjusting for the effects of the Texas opening. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 26(4):789‑792. link Colonell, J.M.*, B.J. Gallaway and A.W. Niedoroda*. 1992. Environmental effects of Beaufort Sea causeways. p. 958‑974 In: Proc. Symp. Coastal Engin. Practice. ASCE, Long Beach, CA. link Cox, K.D.* and 10 others including T.G. Gerwing. 2017. Community assessment techniques and the implications for rarefaction and extrapolation with Hill numbers**. Ecol. Evol. 7(24):11213‑11226. link Craig, P.C., W.B. Griffiths, S.R. Johnson and D.M. Schellº. 1984. Trophic dynamics in an Arctic lagoon. p. 347‑380 In: P.W. Barnes et al. (eds.), The Alaskan Beaufort Sea: ecosystems and environments. Academic Press, Orlando, FL. Cross, W.E. 1982. Under‑ice biota at the Pond Inlet ice edge and in adjacent fast ice areas during spring. Arctic 35(1):13‑27. link Cross, W.E. 1987. Effects of oil and chemically treated oil on primary productivity of High Arctic ice algae studied in situ. Arctic 40(Suppl. 1):266‑276. link Cross, W.E. and C.M. Martin. 1987. Effects of oil and chemically treated oil on nearshore under‑ice meiofauna studied in situ. Arctic 40(Suppl. 1):258‑265. link Cross, W.E., C.M. Martin and D.H. Thomson. 1987. Effects of experimental releases of oil and dispersed oil on Arctic nearshore macrobenthos. II. Epibenthos. Arctic 40(Suppl. 1):201‑210. link Cross, W.E. and D.H. Thomson. 1987. Effects of experimental releases of oil and dispersed oil on Arctic nearshore macrobenthos. I. Infauna. Arctic 40(Suppl. 1):184‑200. link Cross, W.E., R.T. Wilce* and M.F. Fabijan. 1987. Effects of experimental releases of oil and dispersed oil on Arctic nearshore macrobenthos. III. Macroalgae. Arctic 40(Suppl. 1):211‑219. link Day, R.H.* and 12 others including B.J. Gallaway. 2013. The offshore northeastern Chukchi Sea, Alaska: a complex high‑latitude ecosystem. Cont. Shelf Res. 67:147‑165. link Duffy, J.E.* and 48 others including N.F. Putman. 2019. Toward a coordinated global observing system for seagrasses and marine macroalgae. Front. Mar. Sci. 6:1‑26. link Dunton, K.H.º and C.M. Jodwalisº. 1988. Photosynthetic performance of Laminaria solidungula measured in situ in the Alaskan High Arctic.† Mar. Biol. 98(2):277‑285. link Dunton, K.H.º, S.V. Schonbergº and D.W. Funk. 2009. Interannual and spatial variability in light attenuation: evidence from three decades of growth in the Arctic kelp, Laminaria solidungula. p. 271‑284 In: I. Krupnik et al. (eds.), Smithsonian at the Poles/contributions to International Polar Year Science. Smithsonian Inst. Scholarly Press, Washington, DC. Edgell, T.C. and T. Miyashita*. 2009. Shell shape and tissue withdrawal depth in 14 species of temperate intertidal snail**. J. Mollusc. Stud. 75(3):235‑240. link Edgell, T.C. and R. Rochette*. 2009. Prey‑induced changes to a predator's behaviour and morphology: implications for shall‑claw covariance in the Northwest Atlantic**. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 382(1):17. link Edgell, T.C., B.R. Lynch* G.C. Trussell* and A.R. Palmer*. 2009. Experimental evidence for the rapid evolution of behavioral canalization in natural populations**. Am. Nat. 174(3):434‑440. link Edgell, T.C. 2010. Past predation risk induces an intertidal whelk (Nucella lamellosa) to respond to more dilute concentrations of its predator's scent**. Mar. Biol. 157(1):215‑219. link Edgell, T.C. and J. Hollander*. 2011. The evolutionary ecology of European green crab, Carcinus maenas, in North America**. p. 641‑659 In: B.S. Galil et al. (eds.), In the wrong place―Alien marine crustaceans: distribution, biology and impacts. Springer, Dordrecht. 716 p. link Everitt, R.R.*, D.A. Birdsall and D. Stone*. 1986. The Beaufort Environmental Monitoring Program. p. 251‑266 In: R. Lang (ed.), Integrated approaches to resource planning and management. Univ. Calgary Press, Calgary, Alb. 302 p. Fechhelm, R.G., B.J. Gallaway, G.F. Hubbard, S.A. MacLean and L.R. Martin. 2001. Opportunistic sampling at a deep‑water synthetic drilling fluid discharge site in the Gulf of Mexico. Gulf of Mexico Sci. 19(2):97‑106. Fechhelm, R.G., L.R. Martin, B.J. Gallaway, W.J. Wilson and W.B. Griffiths. 2001. Estimating the hydrographic effects of Prudhoe Bay causeway breaches using the Before‑After Control‑Impact (BACI) analysis. Arctic 54(2):162‑173. link Fissel, D.B.*, M.S.W. Bradstreet and J. Moen*. 1987. Water mass distributions in the Canadian Beaufort Sea. Proc. IEEE, Oceans '87, vol. 3:910‑916. link Fournier, J.A.* and J. Barrie. 1984. Baffinia hesslei (Annenkova), n. comb. (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from eastern Canada. Can. J. Zool. 62(7):1397‑1401. link Foy, M.G. and S.I.C. Hsiao*. 1976. Phytoplankton data from James Bay, 1974**. Can. Fish. Mar. Serv. Tech. Rep. 631. 73 p. Foy, M.G. and S.I.C. Hsiao*. 1976. Phytoplankton data from the Beaufort Sea, 1973 to 1975**. Fish. Res. Board Can. Tech. Rep. 617. 44 p. Foy, M.G. 1982. Acute lethal toxicity of Prudhoe Bay crude oil and Corexit 9527 to Arctic marine fish and invertebrates. Technol. Devel. Rep. EPS 4‑EC‑82‑3. Environ. Prot. Serv., Environment Canada. Frey, M.A.* and 4 others including D.D. Robichaud. 2014. Fouling around: vessel sea‑chests as a vector for the introduction and spread of aquatic invasive species**. Manage. Biol. Invas. 5(1):21‑30. link Gallaway, B.J. and K. Strawn*. 1975. Seasonal abundance and distribution of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, in the discharge area of the P.H. Robinson generating station, Galveston Bay, Texas**. Texas J. Sci. 26(1‑2):185‑201. link Gallaway, B.J., L.R. Martin, R. Howard and M.F. Johnson. 1978. Comparison of fouling community biomass on offshore oil field structures in the Gulf of Mexico with emphasis on apparent effects of produced water discharge. p. 117‑129 In: J. Lindstedt‑Siva (ed.), Proc. Energy/Environment '78. A symposium on energy development impacts. Society of Petroleum Industry Biologists, Los Angeles. 321 p. Gallaway, B.J. 1981. An ecosystem analysis of oil and gas development on the Texas‑Louisiana continental shelf. FWS/OBS‑81/27. U.S. Fish & Wildl. Serv., Off. Biol. Serv., Washington, DC. 89 p. link Gallaway, B.J., L.R. Martin, R.L. Howard, G.S. Boland and G.D. Dennis. 1981. Effects on artificial reef and demersal fish and macrocrustacean communities. p. 237‑299 In: B.S. Middleditch (ed.), Environmental effects of offshore oil production. The Buccaneer gas and oil field study. Mar. Sci. 14, Plenum, New York. Gallaway, B.J. and G.S. Lewbel. 1982. The ecology of petroleum platforms in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico: a community profile. FWS/OBS‑82/27. U.S. Fish. & Wildl. Serv., Off. Biol. Serv., Washington, DC. link Gallaway, B.J., J.G. Cole, L.R. Martin, J.M. Nance* and M. Longnecker*. 2003. Description of a simple electronic logbook designed to measure effort in the Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishery. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 23(2):581‑589. link Gallaway, B.J., J.G. Cole, L.R. Martin, J.M. Nance* and M. Longnecker*. 2003. An evaluation of an electronic logbook as a more accurate method of estimating spatial patterns of trawling effort and bycatch in the Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishery. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 23(3):787‑809. link Gallaway, B.J., J.G. Cole, J.M. Nance, R.A. Hart and G.L. Graham. 2008. Shrimp loss associated with turtle excluder devices: are historical estimates statistically biased? N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 28(1):203‑211. link Gallaway, B.J., W.J. Gazeyº and J.G. Cole. 2017. An updated description of the benefits and consequences of Red Snapper shrimp trawl bycatch management actions in the Gulf of Mexico. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 2:414‑419. link Gallaway, B.J., S.W. Raborn, L. Picariello* and N.F. Putman. 2020. Changes in shrimping effort in the Gulf of Mexico and the impacts to Red Snapper**. iScience 23(5):1-10 plus supplemental information. link Gazey, W.Jº, B.J. Gallaway, J.G. Cole and D.A. Fournierº. 2008. Age composition, growth, and density‑dependent mortality in juvenile red snapper estimated from observer data from the Gulf of Mexico penaeid shrimp fishery. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 28(6):1828‑1842. link Gerwing, T.G. and 5 others. 2017. Intertidal soft‑sediment community does not respond to disturbance as postulated by the intermediate disturbance hypothesis**. J. Sea Res. 129:22‑28. link Gerwing, T.G and 4 others. 2017. Relationship between apparent redox potential discontinuity (aRPD) depth and environmental variables in soft‑sediment habitats**. Intern. J. Sedim. Res. 32(4):472‑480. link Gerwing, T.G. and E. Plate. 2018. Effectiveness of nutrient enhancement as a remediation or compensation strategy of salmonid fisheries in culturally oligotrophic lakes and streams in temperate climates. Restor. Ecol. 26:1-10. link Gerwing, T.G. and 5 others. 2018. Assessing the relationship between community dispersion and disturbance in a soft-sediment ecosystem**. Mar. Ecol. 39(4):e12505. link Gerwing, T.G. and 5 others. 2018. Depth to the apparent redox potential discontinuity (aRPD) as a parameter of interest in marine benthic habitat quality models**. Intern. J. Sedim. Res. 33(2):149-156. link Gerwing, T.G. and 8 others. 2018. Potential impacts of logging on intertidal infaunal communities within the Kitimat River estuary**. J. Nat. Hist. 52(43-44):2833-2855. link Gerwing, T.G., E. Plate, J. Sinclair, C. Burns, C. McCulloch and R.C. Bocking. 2019. Short-term response of fish communities and water chemistry to breaching of a causeway in the Sarita River Estuary, British Columbia, Canada. Restor. Ecol. 1‑10. link Gilders, M.A. 1999. Water: worlds between heaven and earth**. Stewart, Tabori & Chang, New York, NY. 192 p. Photography by Art Wolfe. link Harrel, R.C.*, J. Ashcraft*, R. Howard and L. Patterson*. 1976. Stress and community structure of macrobenthos in a Gulf coast riverine estuary**. Contrib. Mar. Sci. 20:69‑81. Heyman, W.D. and 7 others. 2019. Cooperative monitoring, assessment, and management of fish spawning aggregations and associated fisheries in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Mar. Policy 109:103689. link Heyman, W.D. and 6 others. 2019. Restoring Big Fish: cooperative research, conservation and management program for spawning aggregations in the wider Caribbean. Proc. Gulf Caribb. Fisheries Inst. (San Andrés, Colombia, Nov. 2018) 71:238-232. Hobson, K.A.*, A. Fisk*, N. Karnovsky*, M. Holst, J.M. Gagnon* and M. Fortier*. 2002. A stable isotope (δ13C, δ15N) model for the North Water food web: implications for evaluating trophodynamics and the flow of energy and contaminants**. Deep‑Sea Res. II 49(22‑23):5131‑5150. link Houser, C.* and 5 others including W. Heyman. 2014. Erosion and reorientation of the Sapodilla Cays, Mesoamerican Reef Belize from 1960 to 2012.** Phys. Geogr. 35(4):335‑354. link Howard, R. 1982. A marine midge from the Gulf of Mexico. Gulf Res. Rep. 7(2):167‑168. Howard, R. 1982. Benthic macroinvertebrates from Toledo Bend Reservoir, Texas. p. 139‑147 In: J.R. Davis (ed.), Proc. Symp. on Recent Benthological Investigations in Texas and Adjacent States. Tex. Acad. Sci., Austin, TX. Hubbard, G.F., R.L. Howard and B.J. Gallaway. 1988. Loricifera, a recently described phylum, occurring in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Northeast Gulf Sci. 10(1):49‑50. Hsiao, S.I.C.*, M.G. Foy and D.W. Kittle*. 1977. Standing stock, community structure, species composition, distribution and primary production of natural populations of phytoplankton in the southern Beaufort Sea**. Can. J. Bot. 55(6):685‑694. link Hsiao, S.I.C.*, D.W. Kittle* and M.G. Foy. 1978. Effects of crude oils and the oil dispersant Corexit on primary production of Arctic marine phytoplankton and seaweed**. Environ. Pollut. 15(3):209‑221. link Johnson, G.E.* and W.B. Griffiths. 1990. Hydroacoustic surveys of zooplankton biomass and distribution in the Beaufort Sea in 1985 and 1986. Rapp. P.‑v. Réun. Cons. Intern. Explor. Mer 189:345‑352. Johnson, M.F. 1978. A comparative study of the external form and skeleton of the calcareous sponges Clathrina coriacea and Clathrina blanca from Santa Catalina Island, California**. Can. J. Zool. 56(8):1669‑1677. link Johnson, M.F. 1978. Significance of life history studies of calcareous sponges for species determination**. Bull. Mar. Sci. 28(3):570‑574. link Johnson, M.F. 1978. Studies on the reproductive cycles of the calcareous sponges Clathrina coriacea and C. blanca**. Mar. Biol. 50(1):73‑79. link Lee, S.H.º, D.M. Schellº, T.L. McDonaldº and W.J. Richardson. 2005. Regional and seasonal feeding by bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus as indicated by stable isotope ratios.† Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 285:271‑287. link Lewbel, G.S. 1985. Strengths and weaknesses of damage assessment programs: the Ixtoc‑I and Burmah Agate oil spills, and the benthic macroinfauna of the Texas continental shelf. Texas J. Sci. 37(4):269‑310. link Lewbel, G.S., R.L. Howard and B.J. Gallaway. 1987. Zonation of dominant fouling organisms on northern Gulf of Mexico petroleum platforms. Mar. Environ. Res. 21(3):199‑224. link Martin, L.R. and B.J. Gallaway. 1994. The effects of the Endicott Development Project on the boulder patch, an Arctic kelp community in Stefansson Sound, Alaska. Arctic 47(1):54‑64. link Matheson, K.* and 6 others including D. Robichaud. 2016. Linking eelgrass decline and impacts on associated fish communities to European green crab Carcinus maenas invasion**. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 548:31‑45. link McGaw, I.J.*, T.C. Edgell and M.J. Kaiser*. 2011. Population demographics of native and newly invasive populations of the green crab Carcinus maenas**. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 430:235‑240. link Middleditch, B.S.* and B.J. Gallaway. 1981. Prologue. p. 1‑13 In: B.S. Middleditch (ed.), Environmental effects of offshore oil production. The Buccaneer gas and oil field study. Mar. Sci. 14, Plenum, New York, NY. Parsons, D.G.*, G.R. Lilly* and G.J. Chaput. 1985. Growth of the northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) in NAFO Division 3K. Can. Atl. Fish. Sci. Adv. Commit. Res. Doc. 85/22. 22 p. Parsons, D.G.*, G.R. Lilly* and G.J. Chaput. 1986. Age and growth of northern shrimp Pandalus borealis off northeastern Newfoundland and southern Labrador. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 115(6):872‑881. link Payne, J.F.*, C.A. Andrews*, L.L. Fancey*, A.L. Cook* and J.R. Christian. 2007. Pilot study on the effect of seismic air gun noise on lobster (Homarus americanus). Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquatic Sci. 2712. 46 p. Pequegnat, W.E., B.J. Gallaway and L.H. Pequegnat. 1990. Aspects of the ecology of the deep‑water fauna of the Gulf of Mexico. Am. Zool. 30(1):45‑64. link Podesta, R.B.*, W.S. Evans* and H.E. Stallard. 1977. Hymenolepis diminuta and Hymenolepis microstoma: the effect of ouabain on active nonelectrolyte uptake across the “epithelial” syncytium**. Exp. Parasit. 43(1):25‑38. link Putman, N.F. 2018. Marine migrations. Curr. Biol. 28:R972-R976. link Putman, N.F. 2018. Waves of invasion. Nat. Clim. Change 8:665-667. link Putman, N.F. and 6 others. 2018. Simulating transport pathways of pelagic Sargassum from the Equatorial Atlantic into the Caribbean Sea. Progr. Oceanogr. 165:205-214. link Raborn, S.W., B.J. Gallaway, J.G. Cole, W.J. Gazeyº and K.I. Andrews*. 2012. Effects of turtle excluder devices (TEDs) on bycatch of three small coastal sharks in the Gulf of Mexico penaeid shrimp fishery. N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. 32(2):333‑345. link Rosman, I., G.S. Boland and J.S. Baker. 1987. Epifaunal aggregations of Vesicomyidae on the continental slope off Louisiana. Deep‑Sea Res. 34(11):1811‑1820. link Saupe, S.M.º, D.M. Schellº and W.B. Griffiths. 1989. Carbon‑isotope ratio gradients in Western Arctic zooplankton. Mar. Biol. 103(4):427‑432. link Shih, C.‑T.* and N. Stallard. 1982. Notes on two deep‑water calanoids (Aetideopsis rostrata and Neoscolecithrix farrani) from Lancaster Sound. Arctic 35(1):56‑60. link Smith, T.M.* and 8 others including N.F. Putman. 2018. Rare long-distance dispersal of a marine angiosperm across the Pacific Ocean. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 27(4):487-496. link Snow, N.B.*, W.E. Cross, R.H. Green* and J.N. Bunch*. 1987. The biological setting of the BIOS site at Cape Hatt, N.W.T., including the sampling design, methodology and baseline results for macrobenthos. Arctic 40(Suppl. 1):80‑99. link Springer, A.M.* and D.G. Roseneau. 1985. Copepod‑based food webs: auklets and oceanography in the Bering Sea. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 21(3):229‑237. link Springer, A.M.*, D.G. Roseneau, D.S. Lloyd*, C.P. McRoy* and E.C. Murphy*. 1986. Seabird responses to fluctuating prey availability in the eastern Bering Sea. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 32:1‑12. link Springer, A.M.*, E.C. Murphy*, D.G. Roseneau, C.P. McRoy* and B.A. Cooper*. 1987. The paradox of pelagic foodwebs in the northern Bering Sea―I. Seabird food habits. Cont. Shelf Res. 7(8):895‑912. link Stallard, H.E. and H.P. Arai*. 1978. The growth and development of Hymenolepis peromysci Tinkle, 1972 (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea)**. Can. J. Zool. 56(1):90‑93. link Thomson, D.H. 1982. Marine benthos in the eastern Canadian High Arctic: multivariate analyses of standing crop and community structure. Arctic 35(1):61‑74. link Thomson, D.H., C.M. Martin and W.E. Cross. 1986. Identification and characterization of Arctic nearshore habitats. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquatic Sci. 1434. 70 p. Tomlins, G.*, P. Wainwright and M. Woods*. 1995. Upgrading nautical charts in Canada's Arctic using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM). Lighthouse 52(Fall):31‑39. Truett, J.C. 1978. Ecosystem process analysis: a new approach to impact assessment. p. 69‑75 In: J. Lindstedt‑Siva (ed.), Proc. Energy/Environment '78. A symposium on energy development impacts. Society of Petroleum Industry Biologists, Los Angeles. 321 p. Truett, J.C. 1979. Pre‑impact process analysis: design for mitigation. p. 355‑360 In: The mitigation symposium. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM‑65. Rocky Mtn. Forest and Range Expt. Sta., U.S. Forest Service, Fort Collins, CO. 684 p. Truett, J.C. 1979. Assessing impacts of petroleum development on Alaska's Continental Shelf – a new approach. Proc. 5th Conf. on Port and Ocean Engineering Under Arctic Conditions. Trondheim, Norway, 14‑18 August, 1979. Tsoflias, S.L.* and 6 others including R. Buchanan and R. Fechhelm. 2012. Environmental impact assessment of marine electromagnetic survey techiques. In: Intern. Conf. on Health, Safety & Environ. in Oil & Gas Explor. & Prod., Perth, W.A., Sept. 2012, Soc. Petrol. Engin. SPE‑157730‑MS. 12 p. link Viada, S.T. and S.D. Cairns*. 1987. Range extensions of ahermatypic Scleractinia in the Gulf of Mexico. Northeast Gulf Sci. 9(2):131‑134. link Wolfson, A.*, G. Van Blaricom*, N. Davis* and G.S. Lewbel. 1979. The marine life of an offshore oil platform**. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 1:81‑89. link Zacharias, M.A.*, D.E. Howes*, J.R. Harperº and P. Wainwright. 1998. The British Columbia marine ecosystem classification: rationale, development, and verification. Coastal Manage. 26(2):105‑124. link Revised July 2021 Publications Books by LGL Authors Birds Marine Mammals and Acoustics Terrestrial Mammals Reptiles and Amphibians Fish Marine Ecology Ecological Genetics Terrestrial Ecology LOCATIONS | CONTACT Français English (UK) HomeServicesSectorsPublicationsDirectorsStaffEmploymentContactFTP Login © 2021 LGL LIMITED. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Our website is protected by DMC Firewall!