Direct acsess to content SITE MAP CONTACT SUBSCRIBE CLIENT AREA About us Geophysical Services MultiClient Investor Relations Pressroom Careers Home Geophysical Services 4D Seismic Tweet GeoStreamer with GeoSource Towed Streamer Seismic Towed Streamer EM Seismic Techniques Processing Services 4D Seismic Our History Modern Challenges Technology Towed Streamer Permanent Monitoring Reservoir Characterization Towed EM Resources Permanent Monitoring Reservoir Services Technical Library 4D Seismic Reservoir production and management uses cell-based model simulations of reservoir production. History matching is used to reconcile predicted and real reservoir state and behaviour, and the reservoir model is consequently adjusted. New 3D seismic data is periodically acquired over the reservoir and can be used to update the reservoir model, particularly when history matching unacceptably fails. As time elapses between successive 3D seismic surveys, each new survey is referred to as a time-lapse 3D or “4D” survey. Classic applications for 4D seismic include the identification of bypassed reserves, placing injector wells, identifying unknown permeability conduits, depletion monitoring and CO2 sequestration. PGS has dedicated expertise in all four aspects of 4D seismic; planning, acquisition, processing and interpretation/characterization. We offer 4D services based upon towed streamer (conventional and GeoStreamer) and permanent monitoring (OptoSeis). Time-lapse 3D (reservoir monitoring or 4D) represents a continuous life cycle of solutions, each requiring integration of various disciplines and consideration of the preceding and subsequent steps during each cycle of reservoir monitoring. A new cycle commences when the existing reservoir model no longer enables acceptably accurate history matching and there is commercial justification to acquire new seismic data. Reservoir Monitoring Contact geophysics@pgs.com Related links GeoStreamer GSTM – The Ghost Free Solution HD3D Acquisition Yields Outstanding 4D Results Principles of Streamer Overlap Shooting A 4D Feasibility Study using Finite Difference Modelling in Nucleus 4D GeoStreamer: The New Standard Execution of Marine Time-Lapse 3D Projects. 1 of 4 : 4D Planning Execution of Marine Time-Lapse 3D Projects. 2 of 4: 4D Acquisition Fiber Optic Seismic Technology Terms and Conditions Privacy Policy RSS Follow us on ©2014 Petroleum Geo-Services | Lilleakerveien 4C | Lilleaker | 0283 Oslo | Norway | Tel +47 6752 6400