The Campbell Timeline The Campbell history is intertwined closely with that of Scotland itself. Here are some of the key dates: Campbell Timeline Scottish History 1260 Scots defeated Vikings attempting to invade 1260 Earliest known Campbell – Gilleasbaig of Menstrie, father of Cailean Mor 1280 Cailean Mor (Great Colin) knighted and established at Loch Awe 1295 Treaty between King John Balliol of Scotland and King Philippe IV of France promised mutual help against English and start of ‘Auld Alliance’ 1296 Cailean Mor killed in a skirmish with the MacDougall’s at the String of Lorne 1305 William Wallace defeated after battle of Stirling Bridge. Executed. 1306 King Robert the Bruce crowned 1308 Bruce defeats MacDougall’s in Pass of Brander. Dunstaffnage Castle taken and placed under a Campbell constable 1314 King Robert the Bruce fought English in Wars of Scottish Independence 1314 Battle of Bannockburn – Campbells fought with Bruce and defeated Edward II Family rewarded with marriage between Mary (Robert the Bruce’s sister) and Sir Niall Campbell. Their son, John Campbell, was created Earl of Atholl and was killed 1333 at the Battle of Halidon Hill 1328 Treaty of Edinburgh recognising Scotland’s Independence and ending 30 years of Wars of Independence 1412 University of St Andrew’s founded 1445 1st Lord Campbell created 1450 First Inveraray Castle built 1457 Colin Campbell created 1st Earl of Argyll 1494 2nd Earl given title of Master of the Royal Household in Scotland. Title still held by the Duke today 1513 Battle of Flodden Field. King James IV killed 1513 2nd Earl killed fighting the English along with many of his clan 1542 Mary Queen of Scots born 1543 Mary Queen of Scots crowned at Stirling Castle 1547 Battle of Pinkie Cleugh. Battle sparked by English demands that Mary Queen of Scots should marry Edward VI of England. Scotland defeated. 1557 John Knox starts the Reformation in Scotland 1558 Mary Queen of Scots marries the French Dauphin 1559 John Knox appointed first Protestant minister in Scotland 1566 Mary Queen of Scots (widowed and now married to Darnley) gives birth to future King James VI 1567 King James VI crowned (aged 13 months) in Holyrood. Earl of Mar is regent 1568 Battle of Langside – Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl commanded forces who fought for Mary Queen of Scots 1603 King James VI is crowned King of Great Britain and Ireland in Westminster Abbey 1605 Guy Fawkes is arrested 1606 Union Flag adopted as flag for England, Scotland and Wales 1606 Earl of Argyll has Royal Grant of Kintyre 1625 King James VI dies 1626 Charles I crowned in Westminster Abbey 1639 King Charles I withdraws from Scotland and new Independent Scottish Parliament formed 1642 King Charles I initiates Civil War with Parliament (Roundheads) vs. Royalists( Cavaliers) 1644 8th Earl/Marquess of Argyll leads the Covenanters opposed to Charles I. Inveraray invaded by Royalists under Montrose and surrounding area is devastated.Young Irish Harpist murdered in State Bed of the MacArthurs of Loch Awe, now in the MacArthur room. One of the many ghosts which allegedly haunt the castle today. 1645 Argyll’s pursuing army is destroyed by Montrose at the Battle of Inverlochy. Argyll escapes 1649 Charles I executed 1649 Charles II proclaimed King in Scotland (not England) 1651 Charles II crowned King of Scotland in Scone (last coronation on Scottish Soil) 1651 Argyll places crown on King’s head 1661 King Charles II crowned in Westminster Abbey 1661 Argyll expects reward but is instead executed 1685 King James VII/II crowned 1685 9th Earl leads abortive rebellion in Scotland, along with Monmouth’s rebellion in England. Attempt fails. Argyll captured and executed 1688 King James deposed Glorious Revolution 1688 10th Earl raises Regiment for the Crown, The Earl of Argyle’s Regiment of Foot 1689 William and Mary become joint Sovereigns of United Kingdom 1692 Massacre of Glencoe 1695 Bank of Scotland founded by Act of Scottish Parliament 1698 Darien expedition to Panama. Ultimately crippled the Scottish economy and triggered the dissolution of the Scottish Parliament. 1701 10th Earl granted Dukedom of Argyll 1702 Queen Anne Crowned 1707 Act of Union of English and Scottish Parliaments 1715 2nd Duke of Argyll in command of Government forces defeats Jacobite army at Battle of Sherrifmuir ending rebellion. 1717 George I crowned 1719 2nd Duke of Argyll granted Dukedom of Greenwich (title lapsed as no male heirs) 1719 John Vanbrugh asked to design plans for a new residence in Inveraray to befit the Dukedom 1725 Black Watch Regiment formed 1727 Royal Bank of Scotland formed King George II crowned 1734 Rob Roy McGregor dies 1741 Robert Adam designs Charlotte Square, Edinburgh 1743 3rd Duke of Argyll inherits Dukedom. Another distinguished soldier, he leaves the army for politics and subsequently becomes Lord Justice General of Scotland. Plans to develop the garden and surrounding policies implemented. Over the next 40 years the ‘Watch Tower’ at the top of the hill, the Doocot, Frew’s Bridge amongst others constructed. Sections of the River Aray canalised and cascades set in place to enhance the sound of flowing water. 1745 Charles Edward Stuart lands on Eriskay, the start of the Jacobite Uprising 1746 Battle of Culloden, Charles Edward Stuart defeated 1746 Foundation stone of the castle laid 1746 ‘Colonel Jack’, later 5th Duke commands Argyll Militia at Culloden 1747 Carrying of weapons and wearing tartan forbidden 1752 Colin Campbell ‘Red Fox’ of Glenure shot in Appin. Story made famous in Robert Louis Stevenson’s Kidnapped 1760 George III crowned King 1760 4th Duke of Argyll inherits title 1770 5th Duke of Argyll inherits title 1773 James Boswell and Dr Samuel Johnson write about their tour of the Highlands 1775 Linnell designs the furniture in the castle 1780 Robert Mylne designs State Dining Room plasterwork 1783 Glasgow Herald Newspaper first published 1783 5th Duke orders the displays of arms in Armoury Hall still seen today. 1784 State Dining Room painted by Girard and Guinand. 1787 First lighthouse in Scotland opened 1789 Inveraray Castle completed 1794 Sir Duncan Campbell of Lochnell raises Argyleshire Highlanders for the 5th Duke. They later become the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders 1796 Robert Burns dies 1806 6th Duke inherits title 1820 George IV crowned 1822 George IV’s visit to Scotland arranged by Sir Walter Scott. The King’s decision to wear Highland dress caused much ridicule, but made tartan popular again 1830 William IV crowned 1832 Walter Scott dies 1837 Victoria Crowned 1839 7th Duke inherits title Worked hard to restore the family fortunes and reputation 1846 Edinburgh Waverley station opened 1847 8th Duke inherits title. A successful politician, Cabinet minister and author of scientific and scholarly works, Duke gives Isle of Iona to the Church 1850 Highland clearances 1853 David Livingstone reaches Victoria Falls in Africa Queen Victoria buys Balmoral Estate 1863 Neil Monro, author of Para Handy, born in Inveraray 1871 Princess Louise, Queen Victoria’s 4th daughter, marries the Marquess of Lorne (will become 9th Duke) Sir Matthew Digby Wyatt designs entrance porch to castle known as Paddington Station 1876 Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone 1877 Major fire at Inveraray Castle. Architect Anthony Salvin employed to repair and improve damaged building. Conical towers added to the turrets and third floor. 1890 Forth Road Railway Bridge completed 1900 9th Duke inherits title. He became Governor General of Canada. Lake Louise and Alberta both named after Princess Louise 1901 Queen Victoria Dies Edward VII crowned 1910 George V crowned 1914 1st World War (ends 1918) 1914 10th Duke inherits title. Duke Niall was something of a scholarly recluse and an expert on the history of the clan and family 1924 John Logie Baird sent the World’s first TV picture 1936 Edward VIII succeeds and abdicates (to marry Wallis Simpson) George VI crowned 1937 2nd World War 1941 First air-raid on Britain targeted Forth Road Bridge. Clydeside hit by Blitz 1941 Inveraray becomes chief training area for the Combined Operations 1949 11th Duke inherits title. A gallant officer taken prisoner with most of the Highland Division in France in 1940, his predilection for cafe society recalled his predecessor the 6th Duke 1952 Queen Elizabeth II succeeds 1953 Queen Elizabeth crowned 1953 Inveraray Castle opened to the public for the first time 1960 Huge supplies of oil and gas found on Scottish shores. 1964 Marriage of Ian, future 12th Duke of Argyll to Iona Colquhoun of Luss 1968 Birth of Torquhil Ian Campbell, the present Duke 1973 12th Duke inherits title 1975 Second major fire at castle. Top story of Castle destroyed. 1997 Scottish Parliament 2001 13th Duke, Torquhil Ian Campbell inherits title 2002 Marriage of 13th Duke to Eleanor Cadbury 2004 Birth of Archie Frederick, Marquess of Lorne 2006 Birth of Lord Rory James Campbell 2008 Birth of Lady Charlotte Campbell Explore The Clan Campbell The Campbell Family The Campbell Family Tree Clan Campbell Timeline Clan Campbell Societies © 2021 Argyll Estates // Employment Opportunities // Contact