Open menu Menu Login My cart (0) From the Ground Up Blog Home / From the Ground Up Blog How to Care for Seedlings and Preventing Damping Off Nov 04, 2021 When starting your garden, one of the most exciting moments is when the seedlings you planted start to grow. But while your plants are in the seedling stage, they are very sensitive and susceptible to disease, so it’s important that you care for them properly to ensure they’ll continue to grow once transplanted in their final garden bed. How to Care for Your Seedlings Monitor soil moisture and water as needed to maintain even moisture; soil should not be soaking wet or extremely dry. Allow the soil to dry slightly between waterings to encourage strong root growth. If algae growth appears on the soil surface, reduce frequency of watering. Many seed starting mixes contain only small amounts of soil nutrients. When seedlings reach a few inches tall and have developed true leaves, it is a good time to fertilize them with a low-strength water-soluble fertilizer. For many vegetable and flower species, you can fertilize your seedlings once per week. Correcting Common Seedling Issues If your seedlings germinate and emerge but do not grow past a few inches tall, review their growing conditions to make sure they’re getting all that they need to continue to grow. Newly emerged seedlings prefer bright overhead light, warm temperatures, and even moisture. More: How to Water Seedlings> If your seedlings are thin and weak, provide supplemental light or adjust lighting so that it is directly above the seedlings. If you are growing your seedlings in germination trays, remove any tray covers that may be covering them. Transplanting Your Seedlings Healthy seedlings can outgrow germination cell trays quickly. If the soil is drying down quickly and the seedlings seem to be growing more slowly, it may be time to transplant them into a larger container. A seedling that has outgrown its cell will have dense white roots easily visible when lifted from the cell tray or sometimes growing through the bottom of the tray. Transplant these root-bound seedlings to a larger container or to their final garden bed as soon as possible to reduce stress and prevent stunting. Damping Off: The Seedling Killer If seedlings emerge and die shortly after or they reach a few inches tall and then die, it is possible they were killed by Damping off, a seedling disease. Damping off occurs when seedlings are overwatered and a fungus or mold infects the trays, killing the vulnerable seedlings. The smaller the seedling is, the more susceptible it will be to the disease. Symptoms of Damping off include: Seedlings do not emerge from the soil. Seedling stems and cotyledons are water-soaked, mushy, and discolored. Young leaves wilt and turn gray to brown. Roots are absent, stunted, or discolored. White mold is visible on infected plant parts or soil. Damping off is caused by a fungus or mold (often Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia spp. or Pythium spp.) that thrives in cool, wet conditions and can be easily spread by contaminated tools, pots, trays, and potting soil, or by irrigation splash or certain insects, like fungus gnats. It is common for Damping off to kill large sections or whole trays of seedlings, or to cause root or crown rot in more mature plants. Preventing Damping Off in Your Seedlings To prevent Damping off follow these steps: Sterilize all used pots, trays, and tools with a solution of 10% bleach prior to use. This prevents cross-contamination and gives you a fresh start when you plant your seedlings. Use new potting soil for starting seedlings. Do not re-use soil or use garden soil or compost. Seedlings are sensitive and need fresh soil with low-strength, water-soluble fertilizer. Avoid overwatering your seedlings, and choose pots and trays with good drainage holes. Keep soil temperatures warm with a heat mat, and water seedlings with clean, warm water. Keep seedlings healthy by providing bright overhead light, warm temperatures, and proper soil moisture. Caring for Your Seedlings It can be devastating if the seedlings you care for do not make it to your garden due to improper maintenance or damping off. However, as with all plants, your seedlings will thrive and become fruitful with the proper care. If you’re looking to start your seeds, we recommend these seed starting supplies, and if you run into any issues along the way, we’ll be happy to help answer any questions you might have. Share    Beginner’s Guide to Lean Farming Oct 11, 2021 What Is Lean Farming? Lean farming is a method of running a farming business that utilizes your resources efficiently to obtain the maximum results for the minimum cost. Under a lean business model, farmers identify the most profitable aspects of their business and the ones that are essentially draining money, so they can allocate the majority of their resources towards tasks and processes that create the most profit. View the accompanying slide deck here. This webinar is part 4 of a 4 part series. Watch the rest of the series here. The benefits of lean farming are clear: you eliminate waste and redundancies and allocate your funds and labor to the parts of your business that drive the highest profits. However, implementing a successful lean farm takes time, practice, and planning. This post will review the fundamentals of lean farming so that you can implement continuous improvement on your farm and meaningful and profitable growth. Basic Principles of Lean Farming Center Your Lean Business Plan Around Your Customer A considerable part of creating a successful lean farm is identifying what your customers value. After all, they are the ones paying you. A value stream map can help you visualize which parts of your business bring value to your customers and which parts do not. Once you start looking at all of your business decisions from the perspective of adding value for your customers, success will come much easier. For example, when a lean business person decides to introduce a new product, they do not choose the product and then figure out how to sell it. Instead, they take the time to learn what their customers want and then select the product based on their findings. Apply SMART Goals SMART goals are almost a household word; these are goals that are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-Bound. A lean business plan applies the SMART goal-setting philosophy to all projects. Pay Attention to the Working Environment When considering what adds value to your farming business and what does not, remember to evaluate the working environment. For example, tools that you don’t need take up space and may make it difficult to access the tools you do need. If you also spend money to store and maintain them, you may be better off selling the equipment you don’t need. Unnecessary tools can cause clutter and make the work environment a less enjoyable and productive place. Removing unnecessary clutter will make your greenhouses and barns easier to move around, and tools are less likely to be misplaced or broken amongst the mess. Standardize The Process A great way to avoid misunderstandings and miscommunications is to standardize operating processes. In doing so, you’ll help ensure critical tasks are not missed and every task is carried out thoroughly. This will also make it easier for your staff to know what is important to you and what they need to prioritize. An important part of this step is gaining a really good understanding of how your farm works from start to finish. Ensure every one of your workers has this full understanding, too, so that your whole team is committed to the overall functioning of the farm, not just focused on their role. It’s crucial to measure and evaluate the standardized process to ensure it is effective - it’s not good enough to cross your fingers and hope for the best in business. The Phases of Lean Farming Phase 1: Scope This phase is about analyzing your farm and scoping out areas that need improvement. It requires a full diagnosis so you can really look at the root causes of any inefficiencies and fix them. This does not mean you are doing everything yourself; it is about gathering your team and delegating tasks to fix any issues faster. You might want to use the expertise of your team during this step because they will likely have a good idea of what may need improvement in their respective departments. By really getting your team on board during this phase, you can increase accountability and have more brains creating project action plans. Tools to use during the scope phase Customer input – get to know your customers better through surveys. Because people are more likely to fill out surveys or feedback cards if they are easy, try to think of just one question you’d like them to answer rather than giving them a long survey to fill out. Use this survey to help you understand the whole scope of the customer journey, why they buy from you, how they interact with your website or market stall, what products they would like to see, etc. This will allow you to prioritize projects by what will bring in more revenue. Analyzing processes – analyze the processes on your farm and how long each stage takes to ensure maximum efficiency. This will help you allocate your resources – including time, money, and labor – more effectively. Use a spreadsheet to track the amount of time each employee takes to complete their task and then look into their different processes to analyze the reasons that some might take longer to do things. One person may have found a quicker way to do things, or perhaps the process that you taught became diluted as it was taught to other people. Problem statement – write a problem statement that clearly identifies the issue. For example, your problem statement could be “Last year, I planted 50lbs of squash and only harvested 40lbs. Therefore 10lbs was wasted.” From this problem statement, you can start analyzing why 10lbs was wasted and how to improve the process to reduce that waste. Goal statement – a goal statement states what your goal is and the impact achieving the goal would have on your business. For example: say the 10lbs of squash waste cost you $200 in disposal time. If you set a realistic goal to reduce this waste by 50%, then it would mean $100 savings for your business. Process maps – map the process for even the simplest of tasks and work through them to identify things that may be missing from the process or any bottlenecks that may be present. This will help you ensure the process is streamlined and flows smoothly. Consider what the customer cares about in the process – there are some things that will add value to your business because the customer will care about them, and there are some things that will not. Your customer will care about certifications like food safety and organic certifications and whether the produce is washed before packaging. But there may be other factors that they don’t care about that may be eliminated from your process to make it leaner. Eliminate waste – identify the waste in all areas of your farm. This includes everything from excess seeds to inefficiencies in the flow and layout of the farm. For example, imagine that your employees are harvesting rows from start to end but then have to move the bins to the middle for transport – this is an inefficiency. You can improve the process and use your time more efficiently by having your harvesters work towards the transport. This example may seem like it would save an insignificant amount of time, but inefficiencies like these add up significantly and will buy you hours or days over a long period of time. Also, look for things like waiting time; if you have periods of time where staff are waiting for other people to finish their jobs, find something for them to do during that time. Otherwise, you are paying them to do nothing. Silent brainstorming – in meetings, silent brainstorming is much more effective than large meetings where people share ideas. There will always be people who do not speak up, simply because they are quieter or because they are not given a chance to speak. Instead, spend 5-10 minutes on issues and have everyone write down suggestions for solutions for you to look through. This will help you to manage the brainstorming time more effectively while receiving invaluable input from everyone on your farm. Ask why five times – really drill down into the root cause of the issue by asking why as many times as possible. For example, if you have a pint of cherry tomatoes that went rotten, then you can ask why did it go rotten? The answer might be that no sale was made. Then why was no sale made? Because we overharvested or overproduced, and it sat in storage too long. Well, why did we overproduce? Because sales decreased unexpectedly. Okay, why did sales decrease? We switched markets or had a new competitor or poor marketing. Instead of blaming the waste on poor quality soil or too much sun, we actually have an actionable root cause, and the solution might be that we need to review the markets we attend or market our products better. Data analysis – put things into a graph or dashboard so you can easily compare the data you have. This will help you to identify issues like increased waste or reduced profit that need solving. Phase 2: Solutioning Once you have established areas in your farm that need improvement during the scoping phase, it’s time to move on to the solutioning phase, where you will determine a plan for addressing the issues you identified. Tools to use during the solutioning phase Impact analysis – if you have a number of tasks you want to get done or a number of problems to solve, you need to look at what will have the most impact on your business and prioritize accordingly. For example, try to determine how much money you will save by fixing each problem save you, and how much each solution will earn you. Prioritize high-impact tasks and deprioritize tasks that are low effort but low impact because you can always decide to come back to them later. Think about how the change will affect your business’s bottom line, and if it does not change much, then it might not be worth the action. Sphere of influence – most farms will have owners and farm managers who make high-priority decisions on the farm; however, you should empower other people on the farm to make low effort or low impact decisions to eliminate bottlenecks. Having regular team meetings and ensuring your staff have an overall view of your business can enable you to do this. Create an open dialogue where your employees can come to you with ideas, test them out and show you the results, and then discuss with you why you think they are or aren’t effective. This will show your employees that you care enough to listen to their ideas and how you make decisions and evaluate effectiveness. Phase 3: Implementation The final phase of lean farming is the implementation phase where you take the plans you made during the solutioning phase and carry them through to improve your operations. The steps in the implementation phase Create and distribute your implementation plan – once you have a plan in place, you need to discuss it with each department it affects and educate them on the new process. Make it clear that this new process is required and that everybody understands it, especially the supervisors. Ongoing analysis – analyze the results of your new process after enough time has passed to see if there were any improvements. If you do not hit your goal for improvement, then you need to look at the reasons why. Did you identify an incorrect root cause? Did all of your employees adopt the new process correctly? Were you targeting the wrong area of your process? Don’t be afraid to go back to the drawing board and get input from the team as to why it may not have achieved the results you wanted. The Lean Farm concept is not a one-and-done thing - it requires continual analysis and improvement. As technology and the market change, you will need to adapt or get left behind. Ask for feedback from your employees – Ask your employees how they believe the new process is performing and if they think there are any issues. Since they are the ones conducting the process every day, they will have the best knowledge of what might be going wrong. Create visual cue cards – once your new process is established and any issues are ironed out, create visuals that your employees can easily look at to perform the processes correctly. This will help with onboarding new hires or even volunteers, and it leaves no room for doubt. Frequently Asked Questions Can you explain the concept of pulling, not pushing? In lean farming, you want to create a pull for your customers, not a push. Rather than pushing them to buy your product, which is often a turnoff for most people, create a pull from the energy you create and the value you provide. Create a dialogue with customers and a real connection, and they will in turn want to buy your products. Should I use a SWOT analysis? SWOT analysis is a big part of business planning and should be used to complement the project charter. Use it to identify your strengths and opportunities so that you can leverage them more effectively. Your SWOT analysis will also help you to see what weaknesses you have so you can work to identify the root causes and create solutions and processes. The “threats” in your SWOT would-be competitors or a new market that did not have the right customer base or too many farms selling the same products there. What can I do if the problem is a person? Again use your five whys to identify why this person may be an issue. Have they received enough training? Am I using their talents properly? Drill down into what process is not working rather than the individual person. Look into those things first. Is it beneficial to offer leftover produce for a discount at the end of the day or the next day at a market? Yes, because some dollars are better than no dollars. If you do not sell this produce, then it will go to waste. Most people will want to buy the fresh stuff, but you will get bargain hunters who will appreciate the discounted produce. Do you have any tips on offering home deliveries? It just matters how this is implemented within your operating model. Some people are willing to pay delivery costs, but some customers are not. You need to account for the additional logistics and transportation in the price of your product so that it is a profitable venture for you. What software is good for online sales? It will really come down to what works best for your farm and your budget. Be sure you do your research and find out what works for you and your customers. Many people use Squarespace and just run their online sales through their own websites. How do you decide whether to sell products on your farm or at a farmer’s market? Again, this is where you need to analyze your business. If you do want people to come out, then you need to make it worth their while to spend a half-day or a day there with the family and make it a real attraction. Ask yourself these questions: Is your farm in a good location where people can travel to it easily? Do you have enough attractions to make it a destination for people? Do you have a shop and maybe an educational aspect, some animals, or maybe some food and drink vendors? Farmer’s markets are great because people already go there for the purpose of finding fresh produce, and you only need to worry about how much competition you’ll have at the market. It’s also a great place to conduct marketing because your ideal customer base is already there, and you can earn lots of word of mouth advertising. Both farmer’s markets and on-farm sales have their benefits, and you may find a mixture of the two to be great for your business. Share    Why Buyers Buy: Grow Your Farm’s Revenue with Insightful Messaging Oct 01, 2021 Many businesses, farms included, spend tons of time working on marketing messages and strong branding, but they don’t spend enough time thinking about why their buyers actually buy. Uncovering this simple truth simplifies marketing strategy and helps generate more sales. So why do buyers buy? Brian Morgan from Think Deeply, Write Clearly believes that customers buy because they want you on their team; they believe that your products and services make them better. When it comes to farming, your customers buy from you because they see your produce as healthy and beneficial for their bodies. View the accompanying slide deck here. This webinar is part 3 of a 4 part series. Watch the rest of the series here. Focus on Your Message Business advice often focuses on the wrong things. It tells you to focus on Facebook ads and funnels, but those are useless without the right message. In fact, the first thing you should focus on is how you can present your business in a way that clearly shows customers how you serve them and the value your business delivers. When developing your messaging, remember that customers don’t want to be sold to, guilted, or manipulated into buying products. Instead, customers prefer to buy from vendors they trust, and by cultivating this trust, you can charge the prices you need to earn the margins you want - all without using deceitful marketing tactics. To get to that point, you need to build a team relationship with your customers. Show them how you are helping them work towards their goals and how you will support them; don’t prey on their fear or try to manipulate them. As with all other relationships in your life, a healthy relationship with your customer will be built on a foundation of trust that feels genuine. You want your customers to feel like you are on the same team and that you support them towards their goals. To continue with the relationship metaphor, you need to develop a two-way dialogue with your customers as you would with your spouse, especially when you might disagree. For example, if you only focus on touting the message that organic blueberries are the healthiest berry, then you will only get sales from customers who agree with that conclusion. However, if you take the time to share why blueberries are good for you and really focus on building a relationship with the client, even those who do not agree with your conclusion will purchase from you because they trust you and see the quality in your product. Trust Does Not Happen Overnight While you may have sales funnels that can convert sales within 30 minutes, you will never be able to build trust in such a short amount of time. Trust is something that is built over hundreds of points of contact with your customer, showing them that you are part of their team by demonstrating that you act upon their feedback and care about them consistently over time. Transparency of process is another vital factor in building trust with your customers. People like to see the wizard behind the curtain and get to know the real humans they buy from. They like to know that you are an expert, and they like to see how the things you do adds value to the finished product that they get to enjoy. Use video to build transparency and trust - your audience will love to see the human faces behind their produce A powerful way to build transparency is through video. Consistent video posts on social media pages that share how you operate will go a long way to develop trust. Believe it or not, customers will care about soil care if you can show them why it matters to the food they eat. How to Create a Message that Resonates Think about why you bought the car you did. Likely, it was not because of the hundreds of features and benefits - it was because of the 3 or 4 main factors that really met your needs. For example, you might have picked the car you drive because its wheels were big enough for snow tires and it had 4WD, so it is perfect for when you go skiing. Likewise, customers will buy your products for 3 or 4 primary benefits. You need to find out what the driving factors are that convince customers to purchase from you rather than a supermarket, and then you can ensure your messaging communicates those factors clearly. For a farm, customers may be interested in your products because your produce is more nutritious, they like to support local businesses, you employ local people, or organic food is safer because of reduced chemical use. The benefit that is most important to your customer is the benefit you want to promote in your messaging. How to Promote Your Message Use Social Media Effectively Many business owners will be reluctant to use social media because it seems like a wasteland of people vying for attention, and they’re not entirely wrong. However, because of that, it is really easy to stand out for doing social media the right way. Use social media to build your credibility, add value to the customers, and create a space for yourself and really show the benefits of what you produce. If you look at social media objectively, it is 200 words of space that you are given to convince customers why organic food bought from the farm or farmer’s market is more nutritious than that in a supermarket. And when you think about how expensive billboards and focus groups are, you really can’t turn down this free platform. Use social media to show your customers how your processes add value to the final product they receive. Stop using social media to compare your followers and post interactions to celebrities. If you went to a conference and spoke in front of a thousand people and got a hundred customers from that, then that would be a massive win. The same goes for social media. Every time you post something, you are giving yourself a chance to speak to thousands of people who are interested in what you have to say. Add Value Instead of Just Adding to the Noise Influencers like Gary Vaynerchuk really operate on the concept that the more you put out there, the greater audience you will grow. However, when you focus on producing more and more social content, you lose sight of the purpose of your social media page: to add value to your customers and take the time to really give heartfelt information and communication. If every time you post, you give your audience interesting or useful information, they will be more likely to stop scrolling and read what you write. On the other hand, if only one out of every ten posts is interesting, then they will likely miss the one post that adds value because they can’t see it through the noise you helped to create. By separating yourself from the noise, you will stand out more than if you jumped on the multiple posts per day bandwagon. You can’t compete with supermarkets that have teams of people dedicated to managing social media websites and posting multiple times a day. Instead, move the competition to a playing field where you have a chance—building a human connection. Show your audience the people behind the business and show them that you are human. This is something that large corporations cannot do. Work With Short Attention Spans Today more than ever, people have really short attention spans. Your audience doesn’t want to sort through pages of information about why it is more beneficial to allow food to ripen in the ground rather than at the supermarket or at home. Instead, they want the answer in a short, digestible tidbit. You can build credibility with sources and storytelling, but know that most people won’t read your posts if they are too long. To combat this, present the key piece of information and then present the next piece of information in the next social media post. Think of presenting messages in the form of elevator pitches instead. Every word you write increases the obligation for you to make it worth their while. The more time you take from them, the more value you need to give. Think Long-Term Instead of Short-Term The place a lot of businesses go wrong with their marketing is having a short-term mindset. They think, if I spend $1 today on advertising, I want to make that $1 back today. This is an unsustainable way of thinking. Remember that you are ultimately trying to build a relationship with every contact with the customer and relationships take time. With this in mind, look to add value first and avoid littering every piece of writing with calls to action and sales speak. Doing this will create longer lasting customers that ultimately bring more success to your business. Remember to use your social media channels to build relationships, and engage with your community to build trust. Frequently Asked Questions Should you include pricing in a post or will it scare customers away? There will always be places selling the same goods for more or less than you, so the real question at play here is whether or not your price makes sense in the context it’s in. If you create the right context, then you can charge whatever you want. When you do choose to advertise your price, focus on telling the story that will make people willing to buy produce at your price when they could buy similar produce in a supermarket for cheaper. The trick is to tell this story quickly, to fit into consumers’ attention span. You can’t have pages of testimonials and sales speak because people will tune out. Can you post just pictures of your farm or should those pictures have thoughtful captions that add value too? You need to look at the effectiveness of your posts. If your images alone are causing a lot of buzz and causing people to come and buy your products, then by all means continue to post images. If not, then you need to think of the picture as the thing that grabs your audience’s attention and the caption as the part that builds the relationship by adding value. If you are in doubt, you can always run a-b testing to see what has the most impact. Should you offer discounts for bulk buying or repeat customers? If your price is high enough to justify the discount, this technique may be appropriate. You still need to be serving customers, though, and this should be offered as a thank you for their support rather than manipulating them into a first sale. The danger with discounts is that when you get customers to buy from you for the first time with a discount, they may view your products as not being worth the full price, and they may be unwilling to pay the full price in the future. You don’t want to inadvertently tell your customers that you are not worth the full price. Can I still add a call to action on a thoughtful social media post? Yes! Using calls to action such as “Learn more” or “Download this resource” are great ways to drive engagement and deepen your customer relationships. Steer clear of calls to actions that offer discounts or “limited time offers” as those are really salesy and, again, try to get people in the door with discounts. When you do decide to include a call to action in a social media post, make sure you're giving your audience something of value in return for their click. Do these strategies work in different countries and cultures? Yes, because humans are humans. It doesn’t matter where a client is from; we are all bombarded with the same tired marketing techniques that feel pushy or salesy. We all long for that human contact. You know, why do you go to a local café instead of a chain one? You long for that connection with the barista or waitstaff; you feel good supporting people rather than faceless companies. 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