mail@hyphadiscovery.com Search What We Do Products Our Metabolite Expertise Why Choose Us About Us Resources News & Blog Events Contact Us Our Metabolite Expertise One-Stop Metabolite Shop One-Stop Metabolite Shop Multiple methods for making metabolites Hypha are go-to experts in the provision of phase 1 and phase 2 metabolites to pharma and agrochemical companies. We have worked with many companies and organisations worldwide to provide metabolites for discovery and development-stage projects through our one-stop metabolite shop approach. Our “One-Stop Metabolite Shop” concept comprises a comprehensive suite of technologies to enable synthesis of even the most difficult-to-synthesise metabolite. Human and other mammalian phase I and phase II metabolism of drugs and agrochemicals can be synthesised using a variety of methods to maximise the chances of success, including chemical synthesis, mammalian liver fractions (S9/microsomes), microbial biotransformation, recombinant enzymes such as PolyCYPs, as well as the purification of metabolites from biological matrices. Hypha scientists are also experts in structural elucidation via NMR spectroscopy. Certificates of analysis can be supplied, as required by the client. Clients regularly ask Hypha to produce metabolites for unambiguous identification, for use as quantitation standards or larger amounts for pharmacology and toxicology studies to satisfy regulatory guidelines, including the FDA’s MIST guidelines. Metabolites arising from a variety of pathways are accessible, including both CYP and non-CYP derived phase I mechanisms and phase II conjugates. We are typically asked to produce the following metabolite types: CYP metabolites Non-CYP phase 1 metabolites e.g. via aldehyde oxidase and FMOs All glucuronides including O-glucuronides, N-glucuronides, N-carbamoyl glucuronides, acyl glucuronides and diglucuronides Glucosides Sulfates GSH conjugates Mixed pathway and multi-step metabolites Stable-labelled and radiolabelled metabolites Our other one-stop shop solutions for accessing and characterising metabolites Hypha’s One-Stop Metabolite Shop enables synthesis, purification and characterization of all the main types of mammalian phase 1 and 2 metabolites. Chemical Synthesis Late-stage chemical glucuronidation Mammalian biotransformation Panels of liver S9s / microsomes Recombinant enzymes PolyCYPs, hrCYPs, AOX, FMOs Microbial biotransformation Proven panels of bacteria and fungi Purification & structure elucidation COAs, acquisition / interpretation of NMR data Case Studies Use of multiple techniques to access CYP and AOX derived metabolites of a client drug compound Zhou et al. presented a poster at a recent ISSX meeting on “Elimination of [14C]-LY3023414 by Aldehyde Oxidase and CYP Enzymes in Humans Following Oral Administration.” Both AOX and CYP enzymes were found to be responsible for the metabolic clearance of LY3023414 with the non-CYP enzymes mediating approximately half of the clearance of the drug. The predominant metabolic clearance pathways were aromatic hydroxylation of the quinoline moiety (M2), N-demethylation (M5) and quinoline oxidation with N-demethylation (M12). Screening of LY3023414 against a subset of Hypha’s biotransforming microbes generated a number of metabolites, where no metabolism has been observed when tested against 5 human recombinant CYPs. The best microbial strain was scaled-up to 6L to access target metabolites M2 and M4. Subsequent incubation of the synthesised intermediate M5 with Cyno S9 enabled production of a further target metabolite M12. Metabolites were purified to > 95% purity by Hypha and the structures confirmed by NMR. The AOX mediated hydroxylated metabolite (M2, 20.1mg) and an N-oxide (M4, 66.3mg) were made via microbial biosynthesis and a CYP/AO mediated metabolite (M12, 18.4mg) was generated through liver S9 incubations. Provision of an N-glucuronide, aryl hydroxylated metabolite and an indirect O-glucuronide of a client drug A US pharma client required > 200 mg of three metabolites of a drug; an N-glucuronide (M1), an indirect O-glucuronide (M2b) and a hydroxylated metabolite (M8b). As part of this project, multiple components of Hypha’s one-stop metabolite shop were employed, including chemical synthesis, microbial biotransformation as well as purification and structure elucidation by NMR. M1, a major N-glucuronide, was accessed using chemical synthesis. Key to successful synthesis were the mild deprotection conditions used in the late-stage chemical glucuronidation procedure, resulting in the purification of a gram of M1. In addition to the N-glucuronide, an indirect O-glucuronide, M2b, and its aglycone, M8b, were also needed. To make M8b, the position of the hydroxyl group first had to be identified. To achieve this, Hypha chemists purified a small amount of M2b from human urine supplied by the client, and elucidated the structure of the conjugate using cryoprobe NMR spectroscopy. Then, knowing the position of hydroxylation from the structure of the phenolic glucuronide, 100s of mgs of M8b were synthesised. In order to access large amounts of M2b, a different approach was needed as this glucuronide was not amenable to chemical synthesis due to instability and formation of side products. Instead, M2b was successfully made through microbial biotransformation of the aglycone M8b. Following a screen to determine the best microbial catalyst, 560 mg of M8b was fed to one of Hypha’s biotransforming bacterial strains, from which 254 mg of M2b was purified. The three purified metabolites were supplied to the client along with certificates of analysis. Key features of Hypha’s one-stop metabolite shop Routes to access phase I and phase 2 metabolites, metabolites including mixed pathway and multi-step metabolites Provides a solution for synthetically challenging metabolites when synthesis is not possible or too time consuming Purification and structure elucidation using NMR spectroscopy Reproducible and scalable process to gram quantities Provision of Certificates of Analysis Target molecules can be produced at mg/g quantities for pharmacology/toxicology and to satisfy regulatory guidelines Provides a tool for MetID Formulation know-how for poorly-soluble compounds Applicable to broad structural types and complex molecules, including natural products and synthetic compounds No need to divulge structures, late-stage synthesis means screening and scale up steps can be performed blind Resources Explore our library of resources comprising brochures, case studies, posters and publications about the work we do. The one-stop Metabolite Shop: Employing Multiple Tools to Solve Challenging Metabolite Projects – Presented at: DMDG virtual meeting January 2021! Often several strategies are needed to access all key metabolites observed during drug development programs. Hypha has developed a “one-stop metabolite shop” scheme, which utilizes a combination of biological and chemical techniques in order to fulfil requirements to access any type of metabolites. The one-stop metabolite concept offers a parallel or sequential screening step to identify the most productive and cost-effective method to produce target metabolites.Depending on the type and quantity of metabolite required, a combination of chemical synthesis, mammalian S9, microbial biotransformation and recombinant phase I enzymes can be employed. Once the optimal production system is identified, the method can be scaled up to provide up to tens of grams of purified metabolites. READ MORE Accessing Metabolites of Agrochemical Products Metabolites of some agrochemical products such as pesticides and herbicides possess greater plant or mammalian toxicity compared to the parent compound, thus necessitating a need for their identification, study and provision of analytical reference standards to meet regulatory requirements. READ MORE Metabolite Generation and Characterization by NMR In Chapter 4 of the book on “Identification and quantification of drugs, metabolites, drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters”, Hypha authors summarise the different methods employed for producing metabolites of drugs, illustrated with representative examples from the literature and work undertaken at Hypha. The chapter also includes a discussion and examples of the use of NMR spectroscopy for structure elucidation of metabolites. READ MORE Hypha has exceeded our expectations and is now a ‘go to’ lab for biosynthesis/synthesis/purification. Hypha’s team was a pleasure to work with and our complicated projects were handled with expertise and professionalism. Their excellent scientific communication and project data were extremely comprehensive and we received updates throughout the process. We will definitely be Hypha Discovery clients for life Head of Toxicology/DMPK US Pharma company Ready to begin? Our scientists are available to talk through your requirements Contact Us Submit Hypha Discovery is a UK-based CRO supporting pharmaceutical and agrochemical companies worldwide through the production of metabolites and new derivatives of drugs and agrochemicals in discovery and development. What We Do Metabolite Synthesis Purification Structure Elucidation & NMR Certificates of Analysis Late Stage Functionalisation Custom Natural Product Synthesis Contract Fermentation Our Products PolyCYPs+ Kits for Metabolites PolyCYPs Kits for Late-Stage Oxidation PolyCYPs+ Kit Instructions Human AOX Human FMOs Our Science One-Stop Metabolite Shop Late Stage Chemical Synthesis Mammalian Biotransformations Microbial Biotransformation Purification & Structure Elucidation Recombinant Enzymes Resources Brochures Case Studies Publications Cookie Policy | Privacy Policy | Website Terms and Conditions | Sitemap © Hypha Discovery 2021. All Rights Reserved. Website by Fifteen.co.uk We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it.OkPrivacy policy