Overview Recent Publications Congressional Investigations LEADERS Michael D. Bopp Washington, D.C. VIEW ALL PRACTICE MEMBERS VIEW ALL PRACTICE PUBLICATIONS VIEW ALL PRACTICES OVERVIEW Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher is pleased to offer its services to help clients navigate through even the most challenging congressional investigation. Gibson Dunn can provide clients with insight into the congressional investigations process, understanding of how particular congressional investigative committees and subcommittees operate, familiarity with key investigative members and staff, the ability to manage responses to document and information requests or subpoenas and to prepare witnesses for congressional testimony, and the highest quality legal analysis and written product. Congressional investigations and oversight present a number of unique challenges not found in the more familiar arenas of civil litigation and Executive Branch investigations. As a result, an effective approach requires a developed skill set and direct experience regarding how congressional investigations unfold. Similarly, congressional investigations generally involve issues and agendas far outside the comfort zone and experience of most litigators. Congressional investigations often involve public attacks on a company’s reputation, which can imperil the goodwill upon which the company has built its business and maintains its competitive advantages. Rather than in the relatively controlled environment of a courtroom, congressional investigations often unfold in a hearing room in front of television cameras and on the front pages of major newspapers. Handled inartfully, the results of these investigations can be devastating – but they do not need to be. Gibson Dunn has substantial proficiency in handling congressional investigations, and it has regular and ongoing interaction with Congress and its various investigative committees. Gibson Dunn has handled dozens of major congressional investigations for clients of all sizes. These investigations have included those initiated in both chambers of Congress, by all major investigative committees, and by special investigative entities. Moreover, our lawyers have deep experience defending Executive Branch investigations that result from congressional inquiries. From the outset, we work with the client to assess the issues from a strategic perspective so that we can move forward to effectively handle every aspect of an investigation, including responding to a committee subpoena, negotiating the terms of a document production, preparing for interviews, depositions, or hearings, managing the public relations responses, and anticipating and neutralizing collateral consequences. Gibson Dunn offers a combination of experience and talent that is unique among the small cadre of law firms that are regularly involved in the defense of congressional investigations. This experience adds to its overall efficiency, both in ramping up for a new investigation and managing it to completion. Broad Experience From Both Sides of the Dais Gibson Dunn is well-positioned to assist clients in congressional investigations for two primary reasons: our knowledge and understanding of congressional investigations and our knowledge and understanding of the committees, members and staff that conduct them. Gibson Dunn lawyers have worked on or with or defended clients before all of the relevant committees. We also have worked closely with many of the chairmen and ranking members, as well as their staffs. These relationships open lines of communication with the committees and enable our lawyers to anticipate the members’ next moves. Congressional investigations are rarely net positive events for target companies, but we believe that an important part of the preparations for an investigative hearing, in particular, is preparing a positive message, and one likely to be well-received. Hence, our work with clients facing congressional investigations is not solely defensive. We also work with clients to develop a positive message, as well as to divert committee attention away from our clients and toward other targets. Finally, we look for ways to apply pressure to committees to dissuade them from pursuing investigations of our clients, and we have found creative, effective ways to achieve that end. Among the methods we have employed are triggering Government Accountability Office (GAO) investigations, investigations by other committees and pressure from other members of Congress. The Gibson Dunn Advantage Effective representation in the face of a congressional investigation requires a blend of experience and capabilities that, while often touted, is hard to find. This blend of experience and skill is what constitutes the Gibson Dunn advantage. An Insider’s Perspective on What Motivates and Influences Congressional Investigations. Gibson Dunn lawyers have not only defended against numerous high-profile congressional investigations, but they also have conducted them. Our lawyers have held top positions on key congressional committees in both the House and Senate, and have held leadership roles on numerous high-stakes special investigations. While serving in Congress, lawyers who are now part of the Gibson Dunn team have deposed and interviewed hundreds of witnesses, developed and executed dozens of investigative and media strategies, conducted numerous hearings, and written a variety of staff and committee reports. From this experience as well as our experience in representing clients in these investigations, Gibson Dunn offers a unique knowledge of and perspective on the inner workings of various investigative committees, including their motivations and how best to make inroads with them. A Keen Understanding of How a Congressional Committee Is Likely to React to a Target’s Responses. You have received a letter from a congressional committee requesting a production of documents and information that will take hundreds of hours to complete. How do you decide whether to embark upon an expensive and time-consuming production or to push back in some way? What is likely to happen if you do not comply? Can you negotiate with the committee and, if so, should you assume an adversarial or cooperative posture? Answering these questions in ways that protect your reputation and interests as well as your resources depends on an understanding of several key factors. You need to understand the nature of the committee involved. Is the request part of a full-scale investigation or is it part of an oversight matter that is likely to wither over time? You also need to understand the tools that the committee has available to enforce its request, and whether it is likely to employ those tools. The answers to these questions often depend as much on the practices and proclivities of the committee chairman and ranking member as it does on the committee’s rules of procedure. You must have an appreciation of all of these elements to develop a strategy that will be effective in each particular circumstance. Gibson Dunn lawyers know the key members and know the rules and motivations of the committees that conduct serious investigations, and we can develop effective strategies drawing on that knowledge and experience. If failure to respond to a burdensome letter request is likely to result in a subpoena, a course of action may be warranted that would not have been if the request is unlikely to be backed up by coercive congressional action. These are questions that pose risks too great to leave to speculation or chance. We know how a committee or member of Congress is likely to react to a particular defense tactic, in part, because in the past, Gibson Dunn lawyers have been the ones conducting the investigations. Experience Defending the Interests of Companies and Individuals Against the Unique Perils of a Congressional Investigation. Experience in a litigation-based context is helpful in terms of understanding the effects that a congressional investigation might have on a client, but it is not enough. Gibson Dunn understands how the negative publicity that accompanies a congressional investigation can affect a client, sometimes dramatically, and we understand the best ways to try to prevent potentially catastrophic results. High-profile hearings can pose great risks to a client, but so can a staff report or the selective leak of damaging e-mails or other documents that, by themselves, can appear to show a client’s actions in a negative light. Knowing which approaches to take and which to avoid – and what may result from an investigation and how it could affect a client – is a critical part of a sound defense strategy. Gibson Dunn has devised effective defense strategies in numerous congressional investigations and stands ready to do so for you. Appreciation of the Differences Between Litigation and Executive Branch Investigations and Congressional Inquiries. You have received a burdensome document request from a congressional committee and have prepared a response. You withhold documents protected by the attorney-client privilege, and now the committee is demanding that you produce those documents. What do you do? Often, a strategy based upon tactics that are effective in a litigation or Executive Branch investigative context is ineffective – or can even backfire – in a congressional investigation. Knowing that Congress takes the position that the attorney-client and other privileges do not apply to its requests for documents or information is, of course, essential. But so is an appreciation for the practices of the particular committee, and an understanding of the consequences of refusing to comply with its demand for privileged documents. Similarly, an understanding of the reaction that hardball tactics are likely to elicit (for example, might the committee send a message by scheduling the deposition of your CEO?) is crucial to avoiding unexpected and unwelcome results. Gibson Dunn has extensive knowledge of committee procedures, authorities, and tactics, and experience with the reactions that defense tactics are likely to elicit. Experience Preparing Top Executives. Congressional committees often focus their attention on the CEO or other top executives of a company under investigation, whether or not the top executives know the most or even much about the issues at hand. Gibson Dunn is very experienced at preparing top officials to testify at a congressional hearing or deposition, or to participate in an interview by committee staff. It is important for your CEO or other executive to have a full appreciation for how a hearing, deposition, or interview will be conducted, what is likely to be asked, who is likely to ask it, how the committee, the media, and the public are likely to respond to certain answers, how it will differ from Executive Branch testimony, and what protections are available. Our methods, which include training and practice sessions and mock hearings, depositions and interviews, have helped top executives weather high-stakes, contentious investigations. Experience Neutralizing Collateral Consequences. Congressional investigations often result not only in reputational damage, but in referrals that lead to or fuel Executive Branch investigations. When faced with a congressional investigation, clients need a law firm that knows not only how to defend against the direct consequences of the inquiry, but also against the collateral effects, such as a referral to another investigative body. Effective representation pairs skilled congressional investigations practitioners with skilled civil and white collar litigators. Both perspectives are needed, for example, when balancing the benefits of a joint defense agreement in a congressional investigation against the risk that it will not be recognized in subsequent litigation. Gibson Dunn practices a teaming approach that combines these skills and experiences at the highest levels, so that the successful defense of the direct effects of a congressional investigation works seamlessly with the defense of possible collateral consequences. Experience Recent representations include: Representing a leading consulting firm in investigations by the House Energy & Commerce Committee and Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations regarding work on the Affordable Care Act. Representing a multichannel video programming distributor (MVPD) provider in an investigation by the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of pricing, customer service and other policies. Representing a government contractor in a House Oversight and Government Reform investigation of an Office of Personnel Management data breach potentially affecting millions of current and former government employees. Representing a consumer goods manufacturer and pharmaceutical manufacturer in an investigation by the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of tax aspects of asset acquisitions. Represented an automobile manufacturer in a Senate Commerce Committee investigation of the failure of certain Takata airbags. Represented a health insurance provider in multiple investigations, by House and Senate committees, of issues relating to the Affordable Care Act. Represented a Big 4 accounting firm in an investigation by the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations into alleged offshore tax evasion. This investigation culminated in a hearing at which our client successfully defended its actions, resulting in no follow-up by the Subcommittee and avoiding negative press coverage and reputational damage. Represented a telecommunications company in multiple congressional investigations relating to the company’s interactions with the Federal Communications Commission. Represented a major financial services company before the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations regarding causes of the financial markets crisis and commodities-related activities. This investigation included a hearing at which seven witnesses from the company testified over a 10-hour period. RECENT PUBLICATIONS The Power to Investigate: Table of Authorities of House and Senate Committees for the 117th Congress -September 10, 2021 Congressional Investigations in the 117th Congress: Choppy Waters Ahead for the Private Sector? -January 29, 2021 Biden Administration Issues Rulemaking Freeze and New Orders Governing the Regulatory Process -January 21, 2021 Webcast: Congressional Investigations and Oversight Post-Election -December 8, 2020 Webcast: What’s Next? The Legislative and Policy Landscape After the 2020 Election -December 2, 2020 Senate Majority Leader Introduces Emergency Stimulus Bill -March 20, 2020 Navigating the Murky Waters of Impeachment: FAQs -November 13, 2019 The Power to Investigate: Table of Authorities of House and Senate Committees for the 116th Congress -July 9, 2019 Webcast: New Authorities/New Priorities: Congressional Investigations in the 116th Congress -March 1, 2019 Investigations in the 116th Congress: A New Landscape and How to Prepare -January 29, 2019 H.R. 4010: The Congressional Subpoena Compliance and Enforcement Act of 2017 -July 9, 2018 The Power to Investigate: Table of Authorities of House and Senate Committees for the 115th Congress -June 1, 2017 Webcast: Congressional Investigations: Where is the 115th Congress Heading? -March 30, 2017 Trouble Ahead, Trouble Behind: Executive Branch Enforcement of Congressional Investigations -May 16, 2016 Webcast – Congressional Investigations 2014 -February 5, 2014 SITEMAP CLIENT EXTRANET LEGAL NOTICES MODERN SLAVERY STATEMENT PRIVACY POLICY COOKIE NOTICE CONTACT US ©Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP 2021. 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