Contacts Rus Eng SITE MENU Home - About the company - Articles - Modern technologies for reclamation of MSW landfills Modern technologies for reclamation of MSW landfills About company news Articles S. A. Putivsky , Director of TechPolymer LLC; B.V. Trushin , Ph.D. Sci., Director of CJSC "Spetsgeoecologia"; A. N. Davidyak , Ph.D. , Director of LLC "Hydroproject" Readers will be interested in knowing that the authors of this article are the heads of those organizations that will design and further carry out the reclamation of the Kuchino landfill that has thundered all over the country. The article can be considered a certain visiting card of their future activities, or even a protocol of intent. The problem of reclamation of MSW landfills is acquiring great importance: landfills, where waste has been buried for decades, are overfilled and closed. In the overwhelming majority of cases, waste disposal sites were formed spontaneously in worked out pits, various excavations and pits - without taking into account environmental requirements. In particular, the geological structure, hydrogeological and landscape-geochemical conditions, the prevailing socio-economic situation and the cultural and historical appearance of the region were not taken into account. Protective engineering measures were not carried out both before and during the operation of most landfills. The largest waste disposal (burial) facilities were formed near modern megacities. At the time of their creation, the main environmental requirements were the absence of large watercourses at the site and sufficient distance from residential buildings. Clay soils at the base of the landfill served as an anti-seepage screen. Over a long service life, they lost their insulating properties under the influence of filtrate, which led to the penetration of pollutants into the groundwater. All this contributes to the intense negative impact of MSW landfills on the environment, and as a result, practically every facility has accumulated significant environmental damage. Over time, large metropolitan areas (primarily Moscow and the cities of the Moscow region) developed and grew rapidly in breadth, especially during the housing boom in the late 1990s. The expansion of the boundaries of residential buildings has led to a sharp increase in the number of people living in this area and, accordingly, to an increase in the amount of waste generated. As a result, a system of accumulated interrelated problems has developed in Russia: landfills are located in dangerous proximity to places of residence and human activity and have a significant negative impact on human health and the environment due to an increase in areas, an increase in the volume of MSW, in some cases exceeding the design ones; irrational use of land resources near large cities, in most cases with violation of the boundaries of the allocated territories; отсутствуют нормативные документы, регламентирующие технологию рекультивации и строительства новых объектов размещения отходов (специализированная литература датирована концом 1980-х гг.); отсутствие нормативных документов не позволяет проводить полноценный контроль деятельности проектных, строительных, а самое главное, эксплуатирующих данные объекты организаций; усиливается острая нехватка современных комплексов по размещению и переработке отходов с обеспечением транспортной и административной инфраструктуры. Comprehensive reclamation of waste disposal facilities is a solution to these problems, and also allows you to create a site for the construction of modern waste processing plants. In our opinion, reclamation should be understood as a set of measures for the ecological and economic restoration of degraded lands. Interstate standard GOST 17.5.1.02-85 “Nature protection. Land. Classification of disturbed lands for reclamation ”provides for several directions of land reclamation, depending on the types of their subsequent use in the national economy. When recultivating solid waste landfills, you should choose a recreational, environmental or sanitary-hygienic direction of reclamation. Biological reclamation by means of flattening the slopes of the landfill body with sowing grasses in relation to landfills is not an independent type of reclamation and cannot be considered in isolation from the technical stage with the use of special protective systems and measures that allow minimizing the negative impact of the landfill on the environment, soil and groundwater ... This is especially true for landfills that have been in operation since the 1960s. and contain waste not only of IV and V hazard classes in the landfill body. Thus, the task of technical neutralization of hazardous chemical and biochemical processes that take place in the landfill body of the landfill (the formation of leachate and biogas) comes to the fore. The main task of neutralizing these processes is to prevent the formation of leachate, the source of which is the humidification of waste through the flow of precipitation or groundwater into the landfill body. To minimize the flow of new volumes of water into the waste column, it is necessary to install artificial multifunctional anti-seepage screens both on the surface of landfills and along their perimeter. In order to protect it from atmospheric precipitation, external waterproofing of the landfill body is carried out - a sealed screen is created over the waste. For groundwater, an anti-seepage sheet pile wall is arranged with a deepening into the water confinement. The composition of geosynthetic waterproofing coatings and the technology of the Geoshpunt deviceare always individual, depending on the tasks that need to be solved at a particular facility. Additional drainage or protective-reinforcing layers can be arranged in the screen, the system can be two- or three-layer, and the “Geosheath” made of PVC profile can have different characteristics. The main task remains to stop the access of moisture to the landfill body and thereby stop the process of the formation of a new filtrate. At the same time, in the process of technical reclamation after flattening the slopes around the perimeter of the landfill body, a drainage system is usually laid to collect and remove residual filtrate from the landfill body. After the formation of a sealed screen and a drainage system for collecting residual filtrate, the necessary soil layers are arranged on the surface of the anti-seepage screen, including the fertile soil layer. To clean the leachate, local treatment facilities are envisaged, often in a mobile version, and a drainage system is installed to collect and divert biogas to a combustion plant (with or without energy). An important part of reclamation should be considered the device of slopes in accordance with the standard slopes and the designated boundaries of the site. The actual steepness in closed landfills reaches 40-45 º and more, which in some cases leads to collapses, landslides, etc. In particular, at the Salaryevo landfill in 2006, after prolonged rains, about 700 thousand tons of waste slumped. ... The flattening of the slopes with the organization of berms requires the cutting and movement of significant volumes of waste, which is accompanied by a significant impact on the environment. Another direction of organizing a stable body of the landfill is to strengthen the slopes with geosynthetic materials, gratings and terracing with the installation of retaining walls and sheet piling structures along the perimeter of the MSW landfill. A great deal of experience has been accumulated in solving the problems of technical reclamation, work is underway as part of an expert council for the reclamation of one of the most resonant landfills in the Russian Federation - the Kuchino landfill in the Balashikha urban district - using modern technologies and scientific knowledge. The use of modern systems of geosynthetic materials makes it possible to preserve the waste disposal facility and minimize (practically reduce to zero) the impact of the landfill on the environment. In addition, an important point is to change the aesthetic perception of the reclaimed object. After carrying out a set of measures of technical and biological stages of reclamation, stabilization of the landfill body, we can already talk about the use of the reclaimed territory in such areas as recreational, environmental or sanitary and hygienic. © 2017TechPolymer Group of Companies Leading manufacturer of geosynthetic materials Contact information Address: Krasnoyarsk, st. Matrosova, 10D Tel .: +7 (391) 269-54-64 info@texpolimer.ru website development