patrickfleith/astro-mcq huggingface dataset:
Which of these statements are true of solid rockets?

A. They are relatively simple to build and operate
B. They generate a lot of noise and vibration
C. They provide limited ability to control thrust
D. They inherently produce more thrust than liquid rockets

Answer: A. They are relatively simple to build and operate
B. They generate a lot of noise and vibration
C. They provide limited ability to control thrust
Which of these statements are true of liquid rockets? Tell all that apply.

A. They inherently produce less thrust than solid rockets
B. They must store the oxidizer and fuel propellant components onboard in separate compartments
C. They encounter high temperatures and pressures during combustion
D. To get high performance, they must use turbo pumps to direct the propellant into the combustion chamber

Answer: B. They must store the oxidizer and fuel propellant components onboard in separate compartments
C. They encounter high temperatures and pressures during combustion
D. To get high performance, they must use turbo pumps to direct the propellant into the combustion chamber
When applying the idea rocket equation, which components usually comprise the the rocket initial mass ?

A. Structure
B. Propellant
C. Payload

Answer: A. Structure
B. Propellant
C. Payload
When applying the idea rocket equation, which components usually comprise the the rocket final mass ?

A. Structure
B. Payload
C. Propellant

Answer: A. Structure
B. Payload
Consider a rocket in free space having two engines with identical Isp, connected to a single propellant system. Recall that the relationship between specific impulse and exhaust velocity is  Vexhaust  = go * Isp.
If one engine fails, what is the impact on the total  ΔV  that can be obtained from the system?

A. ΔV will be cut in half
B. ΔV will double
C. ΔV will stay the same

Answer: C. ΔV will stay the same
Consider a rocket carrying 100,000 kg of propellant, 10,000 kg of structure and 5,000 kg of payload. What is the structure fraction of this rocket?

A. 0.075
B. 0.053
C. 0.087
D. 0.019

Answer: C. 0.087
Consider a rocket carrying 100,000 kg of propellant, 10,000 kg of structure and 5,000 kg of payload. Using the ideal rocket equation, and assuming a specific impulse of 450s, what would be value of the Delta V in m/s that this rocket would be able to produce if all the propellant is consumed in one stage?

A. 11991 m/s
B. 12991 m/s
C. 9991 m/s
D. 10991 m/s
E. 8991 m/s

Answer: E. 8991 m/s
What would be the Delta V in m/s of the first stage of a rocket under the following conditions?

A. 5519
B. 4519
C. 3519
D. 1519
E. 2519

Answer: E. 2519
What Delta V can be achieve by the second stage of a rocket, after first stage has been jettisoned and under the following assumptions?

A. 6910 m/s
B. 8910 m/s
C. 9910 m/s
D. 7910 m/s

Answer: D. 7910 m/s
What does ECLSS refer to in astronautics?

A. Electrical Circuitry and Load Support Systems
B. Extra-terrestrial Colonization and Landing Systems
C. Environmental Control and Life Support System
D. Engineering Calibration and Logistics Support Services

Answer: C. Environmental Control and Life Support System
Which of the following environmental control requirements are in general specific to human spaceflight, hence not applicable to unmanned satellite missions?

A. Water and Food
B. Atmospheric Pressure Control
C. Temperature Control
D. Waste Disposal

Answer: A. Water and Food
B. Atmospheric Pressure Control
D. Waste Disposal
Which of the following is true about ECLSS Closed Loop System in comparison to Open-Loop ECLSS?

A. Resource scale linearly with flight duration
B. They are more complex and more expensive
C. They are reliable because there are a few moving parts
D. Recycling equipment can increase the launch mass
E. They require less resupply

Answer: B. They are more complex and more expensive
D. Recycling equipment can increase the launch mass
E. They require less resupply
What is the primary driver to choose between a closed-loop or an open-loop ECLSS?

A. Mission Duration
B. Crew Size
C. Launcher reliability
D. Spacecraft Size

Answer: A. Mission Duration
Which of the following recycling is represent the more mass savings using a closed loop ECLSS?

A. Water recycling
B. Oxygen recovery from CO2
C. Leaks prevention
D. Food production from wastes

Answer: A. Water recycling
Which of the following are the most import source of water consumption on-board ISS missions?

A. Food preparation water
B. Drinking water
C. Clothes wash water

Answer: B. Drinking water
Assuming there are 3 sources of independent errors on the knowledge of the volume of a given reservoir. These independent errors are 0.1 L, 0.2 L and 0.5 L. Which is the combined errors of these 3 sources of errors?

A. 0.30 L
B. 0.50 L
C. 0.55 L
D. 0.80 L

Answer: C. 0.55 L
What is the formula used to combined errors (e1, e2, e3) which are depend from each other? Assume that all errors are given in absolute values.

A. error = e1 + e2 + e3
B. error = e1ˆ2 + e2ˆ2 + e3ˆ2
C. error = max(e1, e2, e3)
D. error = sqrt(e1ˆ2 + e2ˆ2 + e3ˆ2)
E. error = sqrt(e1 + e2 + e3)

Answer: A. error = e1 + e2 + e3
How do you usually compute a risk score in aerospace risk management?

A. Multiplication of probability of occurrence by risk
B. Average probability of occurrence of all risks
C. Summation of individual risk severity
D. Division of severity by probability of occurrence

Answer: A. Multiplication of probability of occurrence by risk
What is usually true when talking about spacecraft active redundancy systems?

A. No action is needed to ensure the service continuity after the failure
B. Requires manual switching to backup components upon failure
C. Often used in critical application
D. Suitable for digital systems but not for mechanical systems
E. Often used in non-critical application

Answer: A. No action is needed to ensure the service continuity after the failure
C. Often used in critical application
What are trade trees in astronautics?

A. A new class algorithms for optimizing fuel consumption during space missions
B. A catalog of spacecraft components traded on international markets
C. A hierarchical decomposition of decisions to make the most important decisions first
D. Mathematical models for predicting the trajectory of celestial bodies

Answer: C. A hierarchical decomposition of decisions to make the most important decisions first
Which of the following best describe push broom scanning technique for electro-optical instruments?

A. Scanning covering a full swath width using a linear arrangement of detector elements
B. Scanning using a 2-dimensional array of detector element
C. Scanning a single detector element on the ground in the cross-track direction

Answer: A. Scanning covering a full swath width using a linear arrangement of detector elements
Which of the following was the first known SAR in space?

A. CALIPSO
B. ICESAT
C. SEASAT
D. TRMM

Answer: C. SEASAT
Which of the following aberrations can be fully corrected by Doublet/Schmidt optical systems?

A. Lateral Chromatic
B. Astigmatism
C. Length Chromatic
D. Curvature of Field
E. Spherical

Answer: A. Lateral Chromatic
C. Length Chromatic
E. Spherical
Which of the following reflective optical system is analogous to the Tele-optic refractive optical system?

A. Lens Doublet
B. TMA (Three-mirror anastigmatic)
C. Schmidt
D. Cassegrain

Answer: D. Cassegrain
Which of the following best describe a spherical aberration?

A. when a sharp image is formed on a focal surface which isn't flat
B. when light from the periphery of a spherical lens or mirror is focused nearer the element than light from the center
C. dispersion of the light due to the refractive index of a lens being a function of the wavelength
D. when an otherwise sharp image is distorted in shape, such as when straight light on the surface being viewed appear curved on the focal plane

Answer: B. when light from the periphery of a spherical lens or mirror is focused nearer the element than light from the center
Assuming you are calculating parameters for a passive optical sensor, what would be the sensor dynamic range DR (with respect to cold space) assuming that the number of photocarriers available Ne = 7.3e6 (evaluated for an ideal detector) and number of read-out noise electrons is Nr = 5000?

A. DR = Ne / Nr = 1460
B. DR = sqrt(Ne) / Nr = 0.54
C. DR = Neˆ2 / Nr = 1.07e10

Answer: A. DR = Ne / Nr = 1460
Which type of satellite sensor should you select for you AOCS if you need an accuracy of 0.1 deg and have string mass constraint?

A. Magnetometer
B. Star Sensor
C. Sun Sensor

Answer: C. Sun Sensor
Which of the following definition is correct in the domain of spacecraft mechanisms?

A. Deployables - devices used to provide optical adjustments for space instruments
B. Drives - devices requiring continuous or frequent operation for the life of the mission where wear, lubrication and life are critical
C. Instrument mechanisms - devices generally used to create spacecraft on-orbit configurations which are larger than can be packed in the launch vehicle fairing

Answer: B. Drives - devices requiring continuous or frequent operation for the life of the mission where wear, lubrication and life are critical
What is true about MLI for satellites?

A. MLI stands for Micro Layer Insulation
B. MLI stands for Multiple Layer Insulation
C. Composed of micrometer thickness layers of high-emittance films sandwiched with carbon fiber reinforced mesh
D. Composed of multiples layers of low-emittance films with low conductivity

Answer: B. MLI stands for Multiple Layer Insulation
D. Composed of multiples layers of low-emittance films with low conductivity
Which of the following thermal dissipation mechanism is usually not accounted for for satellite thermal balance?

A. Convection
B. Conduction
C. Radiation

Answer: A. Convection
Which of the following thermal control component is used to warmup the catalyst bed of hydrazine thrusters?

A. Patch heater
B. Surface finish
C. Grooved Heat pipe
D. Cartridge heater
E. Louvers

Answer: D. Cartridge heater
Which of the following reviews according to European Space Agency space program life cycle comes last?

A. PDR
B. SRR
C. MCR
D. CDR

Answer: D. CDR
Select all which are commonly accepted end item verification methods?

A. Verification by similarity
B. Verification by test
C. Verification by analysis
D. Verification by inspection

Answer: A. Verification by similarity
B. Verification by test
C. Verification by analysis
D. Verification by inspection
What are burn-in tests for spacecraft components?

A. application of electrical stresses above normal use, or rating, usually high voltage
B. application of transients simulating those resulting from sudden release of loads (staging/separation, deployment)
C. application of radiation stesses simulating single events
D. application of pseudo-random vibration spectum predicted for launch and atmospheric ascent
E. sustained high temperature operation over pre-defined time span

Answer: E. sustained high temperature operation over pre-defined time span
What type of environmental tests for units under tests correspond to rapid temperature transitions between defined extremes under normal atmospheric conditions, dwelling at extremes for hours at a time?

A. Thermal vacuum
B. Pyro-shock
C. Burn-in
D. Thermal cycling
E. Enhanced low dose rate sensitivity (ELDRS)

Answer: D. Thermal cycling
How can you compute the MTBF assuming you know the failure rate lambda?

A. lambda / (1 - lambda)
B. lambdaˆ2
C. lambdaˆ(1/2)
D. 1 / lambda

Answer: D. 1 / lambda
Consider a propellant feed system with two valves in series. Valve one has a probability of failure in close position of 0.01 and the other valve has a probability of failure in close position of 0.02. If any of the valve fail in the close position, the propellant cannot flow anymore. What is the overall reliability R of the feed system to still be open?

A. Approximately 0.02
B. Exactly 0.87
C. Approximately 0.03
D. Approximately 0.95
E. Approximately 0.97
F. Exactly 0.76

Answer: E. Approximately 0.97
Which of the following languages will you have to learn as a minimum if your are selected as an Astronaut?

A. English
B. Russian
C. French
D. Japanese
E. Chinese

Answer: A. English
B. Russian
Which of this center are knwon for Astronaut training?

A. Jet Propulsion Laboratory
B. Kennedy Space Center
C. ESA/ESTEC
D. ESA/EAC
E. Johnson Space Center
F. Star City

Answer: D. ESA/EAC
E. Johnson Space Center
F. Star City
Which of the following system enable astronaut to experience up to 20 seconds of weightlessness?

A. Centrifuges
B. Drop tower
C. zero-G flight
D. Water Buoyancy Lab

Answer: C. zero-G flight
What should you do first when a non-confirmance is detected according to the ECSS?

A. Notify the customer and call out for a customer non-conformance review board (NRB)
B. Issue a non-conformance test plan (NCTP)
C. Implement corrective and preventive actions
D. Organize an internal non-conformance review board (NRB)
E. Call the supplier and fire them
F. Issue an internal Non-conformance report (NCR)

Answer: F. Issue an internal Non-conformance report (NCR)
Which of the following are commonly accepted dispositions of minor non-conformances?

A. Repair
B. Test again until test pass
C. Rework
D. Scrap
E. Return to supplier
F. Use "As Is"

Answer: A. Repair
C. Rework
D. Scrap
E. Return to supplier
F. Use "As Is"
What type of orbit is famous for its long dwell time over North America and Russia while passeing quickly over the southern hemisphere?

A. Geostationary Orbit
B. Sun Synchronous Orbit
C. Korolev Orbit
D. Molniya Orbit
E. Kennedy Orbit
F. Polar Orbit

Answer: D. Molniya Orbit
Which of the following gas is the main component of the Mars atmosphere?

A. CO2
B. O2
C. CH4
D. Ar
E. N2

Answer: A. CO2
How long do Lunar night last near the Moon equator (period of time where your solar array will not generate electricity and where you would have to run on batteries)

A. 3500 hours
B. 35 hours
C. 350 hours
D. 3.5 hours

Answer: C. 350 hours
Which can you find on the Moon surface?

A. Ilmenite
B. A thin atmosphere
C. Lava tubes
D. Iron, Titanium, and Aluminum oxides
E. Liquid methane

Answer: A. Ilmenite
C. Lava tubes
D. Iron, Titanium, and Aluminum oxides
Which mission types to Mars often include a Venus fly-by?

A. J-type mission
B. Opposition mission
C. S-type mission
D. Cross-trapped mission
E. Conjunction mission

Answer: B. Opposition mission
Which of the following methods are well known for propellant gauging in satellite propellant subsystems?

A. Book-keeping
B. Pressure-Volume-Temperature
C. Station-keeping
D. Entropy-Enthalpy-Gibbs

Answer: A. Book-keeping
B. Pressure-Volume-Temperature