pari-kulkarni/itihasa-sanskrit-en-filtered huggingface dataset:
Sanskrit: पृष्पवृष्ट्याभिवर्षन्ती गन्धैर्बहुविधैस्तथा। सेवन्ती हिमवत् पार्वं हरपाश्वमुपागमत्॥
English: The goddess came, raining flowers on all sides and various kinds of sweet perfumes. She who loved to live on the breast of Himavat, advanced in this guise towards her great husband.
Sanskrit: ततः स्मयन्ती पाणिभ्यां नर्मार्थं चारुहासिनी। हरने शुभे देवी सहसा सा समावृणोत्॥
English: With smiling lips and desirous of playing a jest, the beautiful Uma covered from behind, with her two beautiful hands, the eyes of Mahadeva.
Sanskrit: संवृताभ्यां तु नेत्राभ्यां तमोभूतमचेतनम्। निर्दोमं निर्वषट्कारं जगद् वै सहसाऽभवत्॥
English: As soon as Mahadeva's eyes were thus covered, all the regions became dark, and life seemed to be extinct everywhere in the universe. The Homa rites ceased. The universe became suddenly deprived of the sacred Vashat Also.
Sanskrit: जनश्च विमनाः सर्वोऽभवत् त्राससमन्वितः। निमीलते भूतपतौ नष्टसूर्य इवाभवत्॥
English: All living creatures became dispirited and filled with fear. Indeed, when the eyes of the lord of all creatures were thus closed, the universe appeared sunless.
Sanskrit: ततो वितिमिरो लोकः क्षणेन समपद्यत। ज्वाला च महती दीप्ता ललाटात्तस्य निःसृता॥
English: Soon, however, that besetting darkness disappeared. A powerful and burning flame of fire came out from Mahadeva's forehead.
Sanskrit: तृतीयं चास्य सम्भूतं नेत्रमादित्यसंनिभम्। युगान्तसदृशं दीप्तं येनासौ मथितो गिरिः॥
English: A third eye, resembling another sun, appeared (on it). That eye began to shine like the Yoga. Fire and began to consume that mountain.
Sanskrit: ततो गिरिसुता दृष्ट्वा दीप्ताग्निसदृशेक्षणम्। हरं प्रणम्य शिरसा ददर्शायतलोचना॥
English: Seeing what took place, the large eyed daughter of Himavat bowed her head to Mahadeva gifted with that third eye which resembled a blazing fire. She stood there with looks fixed on her husband.
Sanskrit: दह्यमाने वने तस्मिन् ससालसरलद्रुमे। सचन्दनवरे रम्ये दिव्यौषधिविदीपिते॥ मृगयूथैर्दुतैर्भीतैर्हरपार्श्वमुपागतैः। शरणं चाप्यविन्दद्भिस्तत् सदः संकुलं बभौ॥
English: When the mountain forests burned on all sides with their sales and other trees of straight stems, and their delightful sandals and various excellent medicinal herbs, herds of deer and other animals filled with fear, came quickly to the place where Hara sat and sought his protection. With those creatures almost filling it, the hermitage of the great deity shone with a sort of peculiar beauty.
Sanskrit: ततो नभस्पृशज्वालो विद्युल्लोलाग्निरुल्बणः। द्वादशादित्यसदृशो युगान्ताग्निरिवापरः॥
English: Meanwhile that fire, swelling wildly, soared up to the very sky and endued with the splendour and unsteadiness of lightning and loO king like a dozen suns in power and effulgence, covered every side like the all destroying YugaFire.
Sanskrit: क्षणेन तेन निर्दग्धो हिमवानभवन्नगः। सधातुशिखराभोगो दीप्तदग्धलतौषधिः॥
English: In a moment the Himavat mountains were consumed, with their minerals and summits and blazing herbs.
Sanskrit: तं दृष्ट्वा मथितं शैलं शैलराजसुता ततः। भगवन्तं प्रपन्ना वै साञ्जलिप्रग्रहा स्थिता॥
English: Seeing Himavat crushed and consumed, the daughter of that king of mountains sought the protection of the great deity and stood before him with her hands joined in respect.
Sanskrit: उमा शर्वस्तदा दृष्ट्वा स्त्रीभावगतमार्दवाम्। पितुदैन्यमनिच्छन्तीं प्रीत्यापश्यत् तदा गिरिम्॥
English: Seeing Uma overcome by womanly mildness and finding that she was reluctant to see her father Himavat reduced to that pitiable condition, then Sharva cast kind looks upon the mountain.
Sanskrit: क्षणेन हिमवान् सर्वः प्रकृतिस्थः सुदर्शनः। प्रहृष्टविहगश्चैव सुपुष्पितवनदुमः॥
English: In a moment the whole of Himavat regained his former condition and became as beautiful to look at as ever. Indeed the mountain displayed a cheerful aspect. All its trees became bedecked with flowers.
Sanskrit: प्रकृतिस्थं गिरिं दृष्ट्वा प्रीता देवं महेश्वरम्। उवाच सर्वलोकानां पतिं शिवमनिन्दिता॥
English: Seeing Himavat restored to his natural condition, the goddess Uma, divested of every fault, addressed her husband, that master of all creatures viz., the divine Maheshvara, in these words.
Sanskrit: उमोवाच भगवन् सर्वभूतेश शूलपाणे महाव्रत। संशयो मे महान् जातस्तन्मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि।॥
English: Uma said O Holy One, O Lord of all creatures, O God holding trident, O you of high vows, a great doubt has filled my mind! You should remove that doubt of mine.
Sanskrit: किमर्थं ते ललाटे वै तृतीयं नेत्रमुत्थितम्। किमर्थं च गिरिर्दग्धः सपक्षिगणकाननः॥
English: Why has this third eye appeared in your forehead? Why also the mountain consumed with the forests and all that belonged was to it?
Sanskrit: किमर्थं च पुनर्देव प्रकृतिस्थस्त्वया कृतः। तथैव दुमसंच्छन्नः कृतोऽयं ते पिता मम॥
English: Why also, O illustrious god, have you restored the mountain to its former condition? Indeed, having burnt it once, why have you again filled it with trees?
Sanskrit: महेश्वर उवाच नेत्रे मे संवृते देवि त्वया बाल्यादनिन्दिते। नष्टलोकस्तदा लोकः क्षणेन समपद्यत॥
English: Maheshvara said O goddess without any fault, for your having covered my eyes through an act of indiscretion, the universe became in a moment devoid of light.
Sanskrit: नष्टादित्ये तथा लोके तमोभूते नगात्मजे। तृतीयं लोचनं दीप्तं सृष्टं मे रक्षता प्रजाः॥
English: When the universe became sunless and, therefore, all became dark, O daughter of the prince of mountains, I created a third eye for protecting all creatures.
Sanskrit: तस्य चाक्ष्णो महत् तेजो येनायं मथितो गिरिः। त्वत्प्रियार्थं च मे देवि प्रकृतिस्थः पुनः कृतः॥
English: The great energy of that eye crushed and consumed this mountain. For pleasing you, however, O goddess, I once more restored Himavat to his pristine condition for making good the injury.
Sanskrit: उमोवाच भगवन् केन ते वक्त्रं चन्द्रवत् प्रियदर्शनम्। पूर्वं तथैव श्रीकान्तमुत्तरं पश्चिमं तथा॥
English: Uma said O Holy One, why are those faces of yours which are on the east, the north and the west, so beautiful and so agreeable to look at like the very moon.
Sanskrit: दक्षिणं च मुखं रौद्रं केनोर्चे कपिला जटाः। केन कण्ठश्च ते नीलो बर्हिवर्हनिभः कृतः॥
English: And why is that face of yours which is on the truth so dreadful? Why are your matted locks tawny in colour and so erect? Why is your throat blue like the peacock's plumes?
Sanskrit: हस्ते देव पिनाकं ते सततं केन तिष्ठति। जटिलो ब्रह्मचारी च किमर्थमसि नित्यदा॥
English: Why, O illustrious god, is the Pinaka always in your hand? Why are you always a Brahmacharin with matted locks?
Sanskrit: एतन्मे संशयं सर्वं वक्तुमर्हसि वै प्रभो। सधर्मचारिणी चाहं भक्ता चेति वृषध्वज॥
English: O lord, you should explain all these to me. I am your wife who seeks to follow the same duties with you. Further, I am your devoted worshipper, o deity having highly the bull for your emblem.
Sanskrit: भीष्म उवाच एवमुक्तः स भगवान् शैलपुत्र्या पिनाकधृत्। तस्या धृत्या च बुद्ध्या च प्रीतिमानभवत् प्रभुः॥
English: Bhishma said Thus addressed by the daughter of the king of mountains, the illustrious holder of Pinaka, the powerful Mahadeva became highly pleased with her.
Sanskrit: ततस्तामब्रवीद् देवः सुभगे श्रूयतामिति। हेतुभिर्ममैतानि रूपाणि रुचिरानने॥
English: The great god then addressed her, saying. O blessed lady, hear as I explain with the reasons thereof, why my forms are so.
Sanskrit: श्रीभगवानुवाच तिलोत्तमा नाम पुरा ब्रह्मणा योषिदुत्तमा। तिलं तिलं समुद्धृत्य रन्तानां निर्मितां शुभा॥
English: The Blessed and Holy One said Formerly a blessed and foremost of women, was created by Brahman, called Tilottama, by collecting beauty from every beautiful object in the universe.
Sanskrit: साजभ्यगच्छत मां देवि रूपेणाप्रतिमा भुवि। प्रदक्षिणं लोभयन्ती मां शुभे रुचिरानना॥
English: One day, that lady of beautiful face, peerless in the universe for beauty of form, came to me, O goddess, for circumambulating me but, in sooth, moved by the desire of tempting me.
Sanskrit: यतो यतः सा सुदती मामुपाधावदन्तिके। ततस्ततो मुखं चारु मम देवि विनिर्गतम्॥
English: In whatever direction that lady of beautiful teeth turned, a new face to mine instantly appeared. All these faces of mine became handsome to look at.
Sanskrit: तां दिदृक्षुरहं योगाच्चतुर्मूर्तित्वमागतः। चतुर्मुखश्च संवृत्तो दर्शयन् योगमुत्तमम्॥
English: Thus, on account of the desire of seeing her, I became fourfaced, through Yogapower. Thus I showed my high Yogapower in becoming fourfaced.
Sanskrit: पूर्वेण वदनेनाहमिन्द्रत्वमनुशास्मि ह। उत्तरेण त्वया सार्धं रमाम्यहमनिन्दिते॥
English: With that face of mine which is turned towards the east, I exercise the sovereignty of the universe. With that face of mine which is turned towards the north, I sport with you, O you of faultless features.
Sanskrit: पश्चिमं मे मुखं सौम्यं सर्वप्राणिसुखावहम्। दक्षिणं भीमसंकाशं रौद्रं संहरति प्रजाः॥
English: That face of mine which is turned towards the west is handsome and auspicious. With it I ordain the happiness of all creatures. That face cf mine which is turned towards the south is dreadful. With it I destroy all creatures.
Sanskrit: जटिलो ब्रह्मचारी च लोकानां हितकाम्यया। देवकार्यार्थसिद्ध्यर्थं पिनाकं मे करे स्थितम्॥
English: I live as a Brahmacharin with matted locks on iny head, for doing good in all creatures. The bow Pinaka is always in my hand for accomplishing the work of the celestials.
Sanskrit: इन्द्रेण च पुरा वज्रं क्षिप्तं श्रीकांक्षिणा मम) दग्ध्वा कण्ठं तु तद् यातं येन श्रीकण्ठता मम॥
English: Formerly, Indra, desirous of acquiring my prosperity, had hurled his thunderbolt at me. With that weapon my throat was scorched. Therefore I have become bluethroated.
Sanskrit: उमोवाच वाहनेष्वत्र सर्वेषु श्रीमत्स्वन्येषु सत्तम। कथं च वृषभो देव वाहनत्वमुपागतः॥
English: Uma said When, O foremost of all creatures, there are so many excellent beautiful cars, why have you selected a bull for your vehicle?
Sanskrit: महेश्वर उवाच सुरभीमसृजद् ब्रह्मा देवधेनुं पयोमुचम्। सा सृष्टा बहुधा जाता क्षरमाणा पयोऽमृतम्॥
English: Maheshvara said Formerly, the Grandfather Brahman created the celestial cow Surabhi giving profuse milk After her creation there sprang from her a large number of king all of which gave sufficient quantities of milk sweet as nectar.
Sanskrit: तस्या वत्समुखोत्सृष्टः फेनो मद्गात्रमागतः। ततो दग्धा मया गावो नानावर्णत्वमागताः॥
English: Once on a time a quantity of froth fell from the mouth of one of her calves on my body. I was enraged at this and my anger scorched all the kine which there upon became diversified in colour.
Sanskrit: ततोऽहं लोकगुरुणा शमं नीतोऽर्थवेदना। वृषं चैनं ध्वजार्थं मे ददौ वाहनमेव च॥
English: I was then pacified by the Lord of all the worlds, viz., Brahman, conversant this bull both as a car for bearing me and as device on my banner.
Sanskrit: उमोवाच निवासा बहुरूपास्ते दिवि सर्वगुणान्विताः। तांश्च संत्यज्य भगवश्मशाने रमसे कथम्॥
English: Uma said You have many houses, in the celestial region, of various forms and possessed of every comfort and luxury. Why, O Holy One, do you live in the crematorium, abandoning all those delightful palaces.
Sanskrit: केशास्थिकलिले भीमे कपालघटसंकुले। गृध्रगोमायुबहुले चिताग्निशतसंकुले॥
English: The crematorium is full of the hair and bones (of the dead), abounds with vultures and jackals, and is covered with hundreds of funeral pyres.
Sanskrit: अशुचौ मांसकलिले वसाशोणितकर्दमे। विकीर्णान्त्रास्थिनिचये शिवानादविनादिते॥
English: Full of carrion and muddy with fat and blood, with entrails and bones scattered all over it, and always echoing with the howls of jackals, it is certainly an impure place.
Sanskrit: महेश्वर उवाच मेध्यान्वेषी महीं कृत्स्नां विचराम्यनिशं सदा। न च मेध्यतरं किंचिच्छ्मशानादिह लक्ष्यते॥
English: Maheshvara said I always travel over the whole Earth in search after a sacred spot. I do not, however, see any spot that is more sacred than the crematorium.
Sanskrit: तेन मे सर्ववासानां श्मशाने रमते मनः। न्यग्रोधशाखासंछन्ने निभुग्नस्रग्विभूषिते॥
English: Therefore, of all houses, the crematorium appears to me to be the best, shaded as it generally is by branches of the banian and adorned with torn garlands of flowers.
Sanskrit: तत्र चैव रमन्तीमे भूतसंघाः शुचिस्मिते। न च भूतगणैर्देवि विनाहं वस्तुमुत्सहे॥
English: O you of sweet smiles, the multitudes of goblins that are my companions love to live in such spots. I do not like, O goddess, to live anywhere, without those goblins by my side.
Sanskrit: एष वाप्सो हि मे मेध्यः स्वर्गीयश्च.मतः शुभे। पुण्यः परमकश्चैव मध्यकामैरुपास्यते॥
English: Therefore, the crematorium is a sacred house to me. Indeed, O auspicious lady, it appears to me to be very Heaven. Highly sacred and endued with great merit, the crematorium is much praised by persons desirous of having holy abodes.
Sanskrit: उमोवाच भगवन् सर्वभूतेश सर्वधर्मविदां वर। पिनाकपाणे वरद संशयो मे महानयम्॥
English: Uma said O Holy One, O lord of all creatures, O foremost of all observers of duties and religious rites, I have a great doubt, O holder of Pinaka, O giver of boons.
Sanskrit: अयं मुनिगणः सर्वस्तपस्तेप इति प्रभो। तपोवेषकरो लोके भ्रमते विविधाकृतिः॥
English: These ascetics, O powerful lords, have practised various kinds of austerities. In the world are seen ascetics wandering everywhere under various forms and clad in various kinds of dress.
Sanskrit: अस्य चैवर्षिसंघस्य मम च प्रियकाम्यया। एतं ममेह संदेहं वक्तुमर्हस्यरिंदम॥
English: For benefiting this large number of Rishis, as also myself, do you kindly remove, O chaister of all enemies, this doubt of mine.
Sanskrit: धर्मः किंलक्षणः प्रोक्तः कथं वा चरितुं नरैः। शक्यो धर्ममविन्दद्धिर्धर्मज्ञ वद मे प्रभो॥
English: What are the characteristics of Religion or Duty? How, indeed, do men unacquainted with the details of Religion or Duty succeed in observing them. O powerful lord, O you who are conversant with Religion, do you tell me this.
Sanskrit: नारद उवाच ततो मुनिगणः सर्वस्तां देवी प्रत्यपूजयत्। वाग्भिर्ऋग्भूषितार्थाभिः स्तवैश्चार्थविशारदः॥
English: Narada said When the daughter of Himavat, put this question, the assemblage of Rishis there present, adored the goddess with words adorned with Richs and with hymns fraught with deep meaning.
Sanskrit: महेश्वर उवाच अहिंसा सत्यवचनं सर्वभूतानुकम्पनम्। शमो दानं यथाशक्ति गार्हस्थ्यो धर्म उत्तमः॥
English: Maheshvara said Abstention from injury, truthfulness of speech, mercy towards all beings, tranquillity of soul, and the making of gifts to the best of one's power, form the foremost duties of the householder.
Sanskrit: परदारेष्वसंसर्गो न्यासस्त्रीपरिरक्षणम्। अदत्तादानविरमो मधुमांसस्य वर्जनम्॥ एष पञ्चविधो धर्मो बहुशाखः सुखोदयः। देहिभिर्धर्मपरमैश्चर्तव्यो धर्मसम्भवः॥
English: Abstention from sexual union with the wife of other men, protection of the riches and the woman committed to his care, reluctance to appropriate what is not given to one, and avoidance of honey and meat, these are the five chief duties. Indeed, Religion or Duty had many branches all of which yield happy results. These are the duties which those embodied creatures who consider duty as superior, should observe and practise. These are the sources of merit.
Sanskrit: उमोवाच भगवन् संशयः पृष्टस्तन्मे शंसितुमर्हसि। चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य यो धर्मः स्वे स्वे वर्णे गुणावहः॥
English: Uma said O Holy One, I wish to ask you another question about with I entertain great doubts. You should answer it and remove my doubts. What are the meritorious duties of the four castes.
Sanskrit: ब्राह्मणे कीदृशो धर्मः क्षत्रिये कीदृशोऽभवत्। वैश्ये किंलक्षणो धर्मः शूद्रे किंलक्षणो भवेत्॥
English: What are the duties of the Brahmana? What of the Kshatriya? What are the duties of the Vaishya? And what are the duties of the Shudra.
Sanskrit: महेश्वर उवाच न्यायस्तस्ते महाभागे सर्वशः समुदीरितः। भूमिदेवा महाभागाः सदा लोके द्विजातयः॥
English: Maheshvara said O highly blessed lady, the question you have put, is a very proper one. Those persons who belong to the twice bom order, are considered as highly blessed, and are, indeed, gods on earth.
Sanskrit: उपवास: सदा धर्मो ब्राह्मणस्य च संशयः। स हि धर्मार्थसम्पन्नो ब्रह्मभूयाय कल्पते॥
English: Forsooth, the observance of fasts, is always the duty of the Brahmana. When the Brahmana succeeds in properly observing all his duties, he becomes at one with Brahma.
Sanskrit: तस्य धर्मक्रिया देवि ब्रह्मचर्या च न्यायतः। व्रतोपनयनं चैव द्विजो येनापपद्यते॥
English: The proper observance of the duties of Brahmacharya, O goddess, are his ritual. The observar ce of vows and the investiture with the sacred thread form his other duties. It is by these that he becomes truly twice born.
Sanskrit: गुरुदैवतपूजार्थं स्वाध्यायाभ्यसनात्मकः। देहिभिर्धर्मपरमैश्चर्तव्यो धर्मसम्भवः॥
English: He becomes a Brahinana for adoring his preceptors and other elders as also the celestials. Indeed, that religion which has for its soul the study of the Vedas, is the source of all virtue. Even that is the religion which those embodied creatures who are given to virtue and duty, should observe and practise.
Sanskrit: उमोवाच भगवन् संशयो मेऽमस्ति तन्मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि। चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य धर्मं वै नैपुण्येन प्रकीर्तय॥
English: Uma said O Holy One, my doubts have not been removed. You should explain in detail what the duties are of the four respective castes of men.
Sanskrit: श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच रहस्यश्रवणं धर्मो वेदव्रतनिषेवणम्। अग्निकार्य तथा धर्मो गुरुकार्यप्रसाधनम्॥ भैक्षचर्या परो धर्मो नित्ययज्ञोपवीतिता। नित्यं स्वाध्यायिता धर्मो ब्रह्मचर्याश्रमस्तथा॥
English: Maheshvara said Listening to the mysteries of religion and duty, observance of the vows laid down in the Vedas, attention to the sacred fire, and accomplishment of the business of the preceptor, leading a mendicant life, always bearing the sacred thread, constant recitation of the Vedas, and rigid observance of the duties of a celebrate life, constitute the duties of the Brahmana.
Sanskrit: गुरुणा चाभ्यनुज्ञातः समावर्तेत वै द्विजः। विन्देतानन्तरं भार्यामनुरूपां यथाविधि॥
English: After the student life is over, the Brahmana, at the behest of his preceptor, should leave his preceptor's abode for returning to his fathers' house. Upon his return he should duly marry a proper wife.
Sanskrit: शूद्रान्नवर्जनं धर्मस्तथा सत्पथसेवनम्। धर्मो नित्योपवासित्वं ब्रह्मचर्ये तथैव च॥
English: Another duty of the Brahmana consists of avoiding the food prepared by the Shudra. Walking along the path of virtue, always obscrving fasts and the practices of Brahmacharya form his other duties.
Sanskrit: अहिताग्निरधीयानो जुह्वानः संयतेन्द्रियः। विघसाशी यताहारो गृहस्थ: सत्यवाक् शुचिः॥
English: The householder should keep up his domestic fire for daily adoration. He should study the Vedas. He should pour libations in honour of the departed Manes and the celestials. He should keep his senses under proper restraint. He should eat what remains after serving gods and guests and all his dependants. He should be abstemious in food, truthful in words, and pure both in body and mind.
Sanskrit: अतिथिव्रतता धर्मो धर्मस्त्रेताग्निधारणम्। इष्टीश्च पशुबन्धांश्च विधिपूर्वं समाचरेत्॥
English: Attending to guests is another duty of the householder, as also the keeping up of the three sacrificial fires. The householder should also attend to the ordinary sacrifices called Ishti and should also dedicate animals to the deities according to the ordinances.
Sanskrit: यज्ञश्च परमो धर्मस्तथाहिंसा च देहिषु। अपूर्वभेजनं धर्मो विघसाशित्वमेव च॥
English: Indeed, the celebration of sacrifices is his greatest duty as also a complete abstention from injury to all creatures. Never to eat before serving the celestials and guests and dependants is another duty of the householder. The food that remains after serving gods and guests and the dependants is called Vighasa. The householder should eat Vighasa.
Sanskrit: भुक्ते परिजने पश्चाद् भोजनं धर्म उच्यते। ब्राह्मणस्य गृहस्थस्य श्रोत्रियस्य विशेषतः॥
English: Indeed, to eat after the members of his family including servants and other dependants, is considered as one of the especial duties of the twiceborn householder, who should, besides, be conversant with the Vedas.
Sanskrit: दम्पत्योः समशीलत्वं धर्मः स्याद् गृहमेधिनः। गृह्याणां चैव देवानां नित्यपुष्पबलिक्रिया॥
English: The conduct of husband and wife, in the case of the householder, should be equal. He should every day make offerings of flowers and other articles to those celestials who preside over domesticity.
Sanskrit: नित्योपलेपनं धर्मस्तथा नित्योपवासिता। सुसम्पृष्टोपलिप्ते च साज्यधूमो भवेद् गृहे॥
English: The householder should see that his house is every day properly rubbed with (cowdung and water). He should also observe fasts every day. Wellcleaned and wellrubbed, his house should also be every day fumigated with the smoke of clarified butter poured on his sacred fire in honour of the celestials and the departed Manes.
Sanskrit: एष द्विजजने धर्मो गार्हस्थ्यो लोकधारणः। द्विजानां च सतां नित्यं सदैवैष प्रवर्तते॥
English: Even these are the duties of a twice born householder. Those duties really upholds the world. Those duties always and eternally emanate from those pious persons among the Brahmanas who live like householders.
Sanskrit: यस्तु क्षत्रगतो देवि मया धर्म उदीरितः। तमहं ते प्रवक्ष्यामि तन्मे शृणु समाहिता॥
English: Do you listen to me with rapt attention, O goddess, for I shall now tell you what the dutics are of the Kshatriya and about which you have asked me.
Sanskrit: क्षत्रियस्य स्मृतो धर्मः प्रजापालनमादितः। निर्दिष्टफलभोक्ता हि राजा धर्मेण युज्यते॥
English: From the beginning it has been said that the duty of the Kshatriya is to protect all creatures. The king gets a fixed share of the merits acquired by his subjects. By that means the king becomes gifted with righteousness.
Sanskrit: प्रजाः पालयते यो हि धर्मेण मनुजाधिपः। तस्य धर्मार्जिता लोकाः प्रजापालनसंचिताः॥
English: The king who rules and protects his subjects piously, acquires, by virtue of the protection he offers to others, many regions of happiness in the next world.
Sanskrit: तस्य राज्ञः परो धर्मो दमः स्वाध्याय एव च। अग्निहोत्रपरिस्पन्दो दानाध्ययनमेव च॥ यज्ञोपवीतधरणं यज्ञो धर्मक्रियास्तथा।
English: The other duties of a Kshatriya consist of self-control and Vedic study, the pouring of libations on the sacred fire, the making of gifts, study, the bearing of the sacred thread, sacrifices, the performance of religious rites, the support of servants and dependants, and perseverance in acts that have been undertaken.
Sanskrit: भृत्यानां भरणं धर्मः कृते कर्मण्यमोघता॥ सम्यग्दण्डे स्थितिधर्मो धर्मो वेदक्रतुक्रियाः। व्यवहारस्थितिधर्मः सत्यवाक्यरतिस्तथा।॥ आर्तहस्तप्रदो राजा प्रेत्य चेह महीयते।
English: Another duty of his is to give punishments proportionate to the offences committed. It is also his duty to celebrate sacrifices and other religious rites according to the ordinances laid down in the Vedas. Properly judging the disputes of litigants before him, and truthfulness of speech, and interference for helping the distressed, are the other duties by doing which the king acquires great glory both in this world and in the next. He should also sacrifice his life on the field of battle, having shown great prowess on behalf of kine and Brahmanas.
Sanskrit: गोब्राह्मणार्थे विक्रान्तः संग्रामे निधनं गतः॥ अश्वमेधजितॉल्लोकानाप्नोति त्रिदिवालये॥
English: Such a king acquires in the celestial region। such regions of happiness as are capable of being acquired by the performance of Horsesacrifices.
Sanskrit: वैश्यस्य सततं धर्मः पाशुपाल्यं कृषिस्तथा। अग्निहोत्रपरिस्पन्दो दानाध्ययनमेव च॥
English: The duties of the Vaishya always are the keep of cattle and agriculture, the pouring of libations on the sacred fire, the making of gifts, and study.
Sanskrit: वाणिज्यं सत्पथस्थानमातिथ्यं प्रशमो दमः। विप्राणां स्वागतं त्यागो वैश्यधर्मः सनातनः॥
English: Trade, walking in the path of virtue, hospitality, peacefulness, self-control, welcoming of Brahmanas, and renouncing things are the other eternal duties of the Vaishya.
Sanskrit: तिलान् गन्धान रसांच्चैव विक्रीणीयान्न चैव हि। वणिक्पथमुपासीनो वैश्यः सत्यपथमाश्रितः॥
English: The Vaishya, engaged in trade and walking in the path of virtue, should never sell sesame and perfumery and juices or liquid substances. He should perform the duties of hospitality towards all.
Sanskrit: सर्वातिथ्यं त्रिवर्गस्य यथाशक्ति यथार्हतः। शूद्रधर्मः परो नित्यं शुश्रूषा च द्विजातिषु॥
English: He is at liberty to pursue virtue and profit and pleasure according to his means and asmuch as is judicious for him. The service of the three twice born classes forins the high duty of the Shudra.