pari-kulkarni/itihasa-sanskrit-en-filtered huggingface dataset:
Sanskrit: यथा चतुर्पु वर्णेषु द्वयोरात्मास्य जायते। आनन्तर्यात् प्रजायन्ते तथा बाह्यः प्रधानतः॥
English: Thus as regards the four pure castes, persons beget children invested with their own position upon wives taken from their own castes as also upon them that are taken from the castes immediately below their own. When, however, offspring is begotten upon other wives, they are regarded as invested with a position that is, principally, outside the pale of the four pure castes.
Sanskrit: ते चापि सदृशं वर्णं जनयन्ति स्वयोनिषु। परस्परस्य दारेषु जनयन्ति विगर्हितान्॥ तु
English: When such children beget sons in women, taken from their own classes, those sons take the position of their fathers. It is only when they take wives from castes other than their own, that the children they beget, become invested with inferior position.
Sanskrit: यथा शूद्रोऽपि ब्राह्मण्यां जन्तुं बाह्यं प्रसूयते। एवं बाह्यतराद् बाह्यश्चातुर्वर्णात् प्रजायते॥
English: As an example of this it may be said that a Shudra begets upon a woman belonging to the inost superior cast a son that is outside the pale of the four castes, by uniting with women belonging to the four principal castes, begets offspring that is further degraded in point of position.
Sanskrit: प्रतिलोमं वर्धन्ते बाह्याद् बाह्यतरात् पुनः। हीनाद्धीनाः प्रसूयन्ते वर्णाः पञ्चदशैव तु॥
English: From those outside the pale of the four castes and those again that are further outside that limit, children multiply on account of the union of persons with women of classes superior to their own. Thus, from persons of inferior position classes spring up, altogether fifteen in number, that are equally low or still lower in dignity.
Sanskrit: अगम्यागमनाच्चैव जायते वर्णसंकरः। बाह्यानामनुजायन्ते सैरन्ध्रयां मागधेषु च। प्रसाधनोपचारज्ञमदासं दासजीवनम्॥
English: It is only from sexual union with women of persons who should not have such union with them that mixed castes originate. Among the classes that are thus outside the limit of the four principal or pure castes, children are begotten upon woman belonging to the class called Sairindhri by men of the class called Magadha.
Sanskrit: निषादो मद्गुरं सूते दासं नावोपजीविनम्। मृतपं चापि चाण्डालः श्वपाकमिति विश्रुतम्॥
English: From the Nishadas originate a caste called Madgura and another known by the name of Dasas whose business is plying boats. From the Chandalas originates a race called Shvapaka whose business lies in keeping guard over the dead.
Sanskrit: चतुरो मागधी सूते क्रूरान् मायोपजीविनः। मांसं स्वादुकरं क्षौद्रं सौगन्धमिति विश्रुतम्॥
English: The women of the Magadhi caste, by union with these four castes of wicked nature, produce four others who live by deceitful means. These are Mangsa, Svadukara, Kshaudra, and Saugandha.
Sanskrit: वैदेहकाच्च पापिष्ठा क्रूरं मायोपजीविनम्। निषादान्मद्रनाभं च खरयानप्रयायिनम्॥
English: From the Vaideha originates cruel and sinful caste that lives by practising deception. From the Nishadas again originates the Madranabha caste whose members are seen to ride on cars drawn by asses.
Sanskrit: चाण्डालात् पुल्कसं चापि खराश्वगजभोजिनम्। मृतचैलप्रतिच्छन्नं भिन्नभाजनभोजिनम्॥
English: From the Chandalas originates the caste called Pukkasa whose members are seen to eat the flesh of asses, horses and elephants. These are clad in clothes, procured by stripping human corpses. They are again seen to eat off broken earthenware.
Sanskrit: आयोगवीषु जायन्ते हीनवर्णास्तु ते त्रयः। क्षुद्रो वैदेहकाद-ध्रो बहिर्गामप्रतिश्रयः॥
English: These three castes of very low origin, are born of women of the Ayogava caste (by fathers taken from different castes). The caste called Kshudra originates from the Vaidehaka. The caste called Andhra which lives in the outskirts of towns and cities, also originates (from the Vaidehakas).
Sanskrit: कारावरो निषाद्यां तु चर्मकारः प्रसूयते। चाण्डालात् पाण्डुसौपाकस्त्वक्सारव्यवहारवान्॥
English: Then, again, the Charmakara, knowing woman of the Nishada caste, begets the class called Karavara. From the Chandala, again, originates the caste known by the name of Pandusaupaka whose business is to make baskets and other things with cleft bamboos.
Sanskrit: आहिण्डको निषादेन वैदेह्यां सम्प्रसूयते। चण्डालेन तु सौपाकश्चण्डालसमवृत्तिमान्॥
English: From the union of the Nishada with a woman of the Vaidehi caste, originates one who is called by the name of Ahindaka. The Chandala begets upon a Saupaka women a son who does not differ from the Chandala in position or occupation.
Sanskrit: निषादी चापि चाण्डालात् पुत्रमन्तेवसायिनम्। श्मशानगोचरं सूते बाबैरपि बहिष्कृतम्॥
English: A Nishadi woman, by union with a Chandala, produces a son who lives in the outskirts of villages and towns. Indeed, the members of such a caste live in crematoria and are considered by the very lowest orders as incapable of being classed among them.
Sanskrit: इत्येते संकरे जाताः पितृमातृव्यतिक्रमात्। प्रच्छन्ना वा प्रकाशा वा वेदितव्याः स्वकर्मभिः।२९।
English: Thus do these mixed castes originate from improper and sinful union of fathers and mothers belonging to different castes. Whether they live hidden or openly, they should be known by their occupations.
Sanskrit: चतुर्णामेव वर्णानां धर्मो नान्यस्य विद्यते। वर्णानां धर्महीनेषु संख्या नास्तीह कस्यचित्॥
English: The duties have been laid down in the scriptures of only the four principal castes. About others, the scriptures are entirely silent. Among all the castes, the members of those castes that have no duties assigned to them by the scriptures, need entertain no fears as to what they do.
Sanskrit: चतुष्पथश्मशानानि शैलाश्चान्यान् वनस्पतीन्। कार्णायसमलंकारं परिगृह्य च नित्यशः॥
English: Having recourse to such places where four roads meet, or crematoria, or hills and mountains, or forests and trees, they build their houses. The ornaments they wear are made of iron.
Sanskrit: वसेयुरेते विज्ञाता वर्तयन्तः स्वकर्मभिः। युञ्जन्तो वाप्यलंकारांस्तथोपकरणानि च॥
English: Living in such places, openly, following their own occupations for acquiring livelihood. They may be seen to live thus, adorning their persons with ornaments and engaged in the work of manufacturing various domestic and other utensils.
Sanskrit: गोब्राह्मणाय साहाय्यं कुर्वाणा वै न संशयः। आनृशंस्यमनुक्रोशः सत्यवाक्यं तथा क्षमा॥
English: Forsooth, by assisting kine and Brahmanas, and practising the virtues of abstention from cruelty, compassion, truthfulness of speech, and forgiveness, and, if it is necessary, protecting others by sacrificing their own lives, persons of the mixed castes, may acquire success. I have no doubt, o king that these virtucs become the causes of their success.
Sanskrit: स्वशरीरैरपि त्राणं बाह्यानां सिद्धिकारणम्। भवन्ति मनुज्व्याघ्र तत्र मे नास्ति संशयः॥ यथोपदेशं परिकीर्तितासु नरः प्रजायेत विचार्य बुद्धिमान्। निहीनयोनिर्हि सुतोऽवसादयेत् तितीप्रमाणं हि यथोपलो जले॥
English: He who is gifted with intelligence, should, taking everything into consideration, beget children according to the scriptural injunctions, upon women that have been declared as proper or fit for him. A son begotten upon a woman belonging to a degraded caste, instead of rescuing the father, brings him to grief even as a heavy burden brings to grief a swimmer desirous of crossing a pool of water.
Sanskrit: अविद्वांसमलं लोके विद्वांसमपि वा पुनः। नयन्ति ह्यपथं नार्यः कामक्रोधवशानुगम्॥
English: Whether a man is learned or otherwise, lust and anger are natural tendencies of humanity in this world. Women, therefore, may always be seen to drag men into the wrong path.
Sanskrit: स्वभावश्चैव नारीणां नराणामिह दूषणम्। अत्यर्थं न प्रसज्जन्ते प्रमदासु विपश्चितः ॥
English: The disposition of women is such that man's contact with her produces misery. Hence, wise men do not allow themselves to be excessively attached to women.
Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर उवाच वर्णापेतमविज्ञाय नरं कलुषयोनिजम्। आर्यरूपमिवानार्यं कथं विद्यामहे वयम्॥
English: Yudhishthira said There are men who belong to the mixed castes, and who are of very impure birth. Putting respectable appearance, they are, in sooth, disrespectable. On account of those external signs we may not be able to know the truth about their birth. Are there any signs, O grandfather, by which the truth may be known about the origin of such men?
Sanskrit: भीष्म उवाच योनिसंकलुषे जातं नानाभावसमन्वितम्। कर्मभिः सज्जनाचीर्णैर्विज्ञेया योनिशुद्धता॥
English: Bhishma said A person who is born of an irregular union shows various features of disposition. One's purity of birth, again, is to be determined from one's acts which must resemble the acts of those who are admittedly good and pious.
Sanskrit: अनार्यत्वमनाचारः क्रूरत्वं निष्क्रियात्मता। पुरुषं व्यञ्जयन्तीह लोके कलुषयोनिजम्॥
English: A disrespectable conduct, acts opposed to those laid down in the scriptures, crookedness and cruelty, and abstention from sacrifices and other scriptural acts that lead to merit, show one's impurity of birth.
Sanskrit: पित्र्यं वा भजते शीलं मातृजं वा तथोभयम्। न कथंचन संकीर्णः प्रकृतिं स्वां नियच्छति॥
English: A son inherits the disposition of either the father or the mother. Sometimes he inherits the dispositions of both. A person of impure birth can never succeed in concealing his true nature.
Sanskrit: यथैव सदृशो रूपे मातापित्रोहि जायते। व्याघ्रश्चित्रैस्तथा योनि पुरुषः स्वां नियच्छति॥
English: As the cub of a tiger resembles its father and dam in form and in stripes or spots, so a person cannot but show the circumstance of his origin.
Sanskrit: कुले स्रोतसि संच्छन्ने यस्य स्याद् योनिसंकरः। संश्रयत्येव तच्छीलं नरोऽल्पमथवा बहु॥
English: However secret may one's birth be, if that birth happens to be impure, its character or nature is sure to show itself slightly or largely.
Sanskrit: आर्यरूपसमाचारं चरन्तं कृतके पथि। सुवर्णमन्यवर्णं वा स्वशीलं शास्ति निश्चये॥
English: A person may for purposes of his own, choose to follow an insincere path, practising such conduct as seems to be pious. His own nature, however, in the matter of those acts that he does, always announces whether he belongs to a good caste or to a different one.
Sanskrit: नानावृत्तेषु भूतेषु नानाकर्मरतेषु च। जन्मवृत्तसमं लोके सुश्लिष्टं न विरज्यते॥
English: Creatures in the world are gifted with various kinds of disposition. They are, again, seen to be employed in various kinds of acts. Amongst creatures thus engaged, there is nothing that is so good or valuable as pure birth and righteous conduct.
Sanskrit: ज्यायांसमपि शीलेन विहीनं नैव पूजयेत्। अपि शूद्रं च धर्मज्ञं सद्वृत्तभिपूजयेत्॥
English: If a person happens to belong to a superior caste but still if he happens to be divested of good conduct, he should receive no respect or worship. One may adore even a Shudra if he knows his duties and is of good conduct.
Sanskrit: आत्मानमाख्याति हि कर्मभिर्नरः सुशीलचारित्रकुलैः शुभाशुभैः। प्रणष्टमप्याशु कुलं तथा नरः पुनः प्रकाशं कुरुते स्वकर्मतः॥
English: A person proclaims himself by his own good and bad deeds and by his good or bad nature and race of birth. If ones' race of birth happens to be degraded for any reason, one soon raises it and makes it resplendent and famous by his deeds.
Sanskrit: योनिष्वेतासु सर्वासु संकीर्णास्वितरासु च। यत्रात्मानं न जनयेद् बुधस्तां परिवर्जयेत्॥
English: For these reasons the wise should avoid those women among these various castes mixed, upon whom they should not beget children.
Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर उवाच ब्रूहि तात कुरुश्रेष्ठ वर्णानां त्वं पृथक् पृथक। कीदृश्यां कीदृशाश्चापि पुत्राः कस्य च के च ते॥
English: Yudhishthira said Describe to us, O sire, the orders and classes separately, what kind of son is begotten on what women, who is entitled to have whom for sons, and what kinds of sons are there.
Sanskrit: विप्रवादाः सुबहवः श्रूयन्ते पुत्रकारिताः। अत्र नो मुह्यतां राजन् संशयं छेत्तुमर्हसि॥
English: It is known that disputes frequently take place about sons. You should, O king, remove the doubts of our mind. Indeed, we are stupefied about this subject.
Sanskrit: भीष्म उवाच आत्मा पुत्रश्च विज्ञेयस्तस्यानन्तराश्च यः। निरुक्तजश्च विज्ञेयः सुतः प्रसृतजस्तथा॥
English: Bhishma said One's own begotten son considered as his own self. The son that is begotten upon one's wife by a person whom he has invited for it, if called Niruktaja. The son that is begotten upon one's wife by somebody without his permission, is Prasritaja.
Sanskrit: पतितस्य तु भार्याया भर्ना सुसमवेतया। तथा दत्तकृतौ पुत्रावध्यूढच तथापरः॥
English: The son begotten upon his own wife by a person degraded from his positions is called Patitaja. There are two other, sons, viz., the son given, and the son made. There is another called Adhyuda.
Sanskrit: षडपध्वंसजाश्चापि कानीनापसदास्तथा। इत्येते वै समाख्यातास्तान् विजानीहि भारत॥
English: The son born of a maiden in her father's house is called Kanina. Besides these, there are six kinds of sons called Apadhwansaja and six others that are called Apasadas. These are the several kind of sons mentioned in the scriptures, know, O Bharata. are
Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर उवाच षडपध्वंसजाः के स्युः के वाप्यपसदास्तथा। एतत् सर्वं यथातत्त्वं व्याख्यातुं मे त्वमर्हसि॥
English: Yudhishthira said Who the six that are called Apadhvansaja? Who also are the Apasadas? You should fully explain all this to me.
Sanskrit: भीष्म उवाच त्रिषु वर्णेषु ये पुत्रा ब्राह्मणस्य युधिष्ठिर। वर्णयोश्च द्वयोः स्यातां यौ राजन्यस्य भारत।॥ एको विड्वर्ण एवाथ तथात्रैवोपलक्षितः। घडपध्वंसजास्ते हि तथैवासपदाशृणु॥
English: Bhishma said The sons that a Brahmana begets upon wives taken from the three inferior castes, those begotten by a Kshatriya upon wives taken from the two castes inferior to his own, O Bharata, and the sons that a Vaishya begets upon a wife taken from the one caste that is inferior to his,-are all called Apadhvansas. ! They are, as thus explained, of six kinds. Listen now to me as I tell you who the Apasadas are.
Sanskrit: चाण्डालो व्रात्यवैद्यौ च ब्राह्मण्यां क्षत्रियासु च। वैश्यायां चैव शूद्रस्य लक्ष्यन्तेऽपसदास्त्रयः॥
English: The son that a Shudra begets upon a Brahmani woman is called a Chandala. Begotten upon a Kshatriya woman by a person of the Shudra order, the son is called a Vratye.। He who is born of a Vaishya woman by a Shudra father is called a Vaidya. These three kinds of sons are called Apasada.
Sanskrit: मागधो वामकश्चैव द्वौ वैश्यस्पोलक्षितौ। ब्राह्मण्यां क्षत्रियायां च क्षत्रियस्यैक एव तु॥
English: The Vaishya, by knowing a woman of the Brahmana order, begets a son that is called a Magadha, while the son that he begets upon a Kshatriya woman is called a Vamaka, The। Kshatriya can beget but one kind of son of upon a woman of a superior caste.
Sanskrit: ब्राह्मण्यां लक्ष्यते सूत इत्येतेऽपसदाः स्मृताः। पुत्रा ह्येते न शक्यन्ते मिथ्याकर्तुं नराधिप॥
English: Indeed, the son begotten by a Kshatriya upon a Brahmana woman, is called a Suta. These three also are called Apasadas. It cannot be said, O king, that these six kinds of sons are no sons.
Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर उवाच क्षेत्र केचिदेवाहुः सुतं केचित्तु शुक्रजम्। तुल्यावेतौ सुतौ कस्य तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह॥
English: Yudhishthira said Some say that one's son is he, who is born in his soil. Some, on the other hand, say that one's son is he who has been begotten from his seed. Are both these kinds of sons equal? Whose, again, is the son to be? Do you tell me, this, O grandfather.
Sanskrit: भीष्म उवाच रेतजो वा भवेत् पुत्रस्त्यक्तो वा क्षेत्रजो भवेत्। अध्यूढः समयं भित्त्वेत्येतदेव निबोध मे॥
English: Bhishma said His is the son from whose seed he has sprung. If, however, the owner of the seed discards the son born of it, such son then becomes his upon whose wife he has been begotten. The same rule applies to the son called Adhyuda. He belongs to the person from whose seed he has sprung. If, however, the owner of the seed forsakes him, he becomes the son of the husband of his mother. Know this is what the law declares.
Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर उवाच रेतजं विद्य वै पुत्रं क्षेत्रजस्यागमः कथम्। अध्यूढं विद्म वै पुत्रं भित्त्वा तु समयं कथम्॥
English: Yudhishthira said We know that the son becomes his from whose seed he has taken birth. Whence does the husband of the woman who gives birth to the son derive his right to the latter? Likewise the son called Adhyuda should be known to be the son of him from whose seed he has sprung. How can they be the sons of others on account of the engagement about owning and rearing them having been broken?
Sanskrit: भीष्म उवाच आत्मजं पुत्रमुत्पाद्य यस्त्यजेत् कारणान्तरे। न तत्र कारणं रेतः स क्षेत्रस्वामिनो भवेत्॥
English: Bhishma said Fie who, having begotten a son of his own loins: forsakes him for some reason or other, cannot be considered as the father of such son, for vital seed only cannot create sonship. Such son must be held to belong to the person who is the master of the soil.
Sanskrit: पुत्रकामो हि पुत्रार्थं यां वृणीते विशाम्पते। क्षेत्रजं तु प्रमाणं स्यान्न वै तत्रात्मजः सुतः॥
English: When a man, desiring to have a son, marries a girl quick with child, the son born of his wife must belong to him, for it is the fruit of his own soil. The person from whose vital seed the son has sprung, can have no right to such son.
Sanskrit: अन्यत्र क्षेत्रजः पुत्रो लक्ष्यते भरतर्षभ। न ह्यात्मा शक्यते हन्तुं दृष्टान्तोपगतो ह्यसौ॥
English: The son who is born in one's soil but not begotten by the owner, O chief of Bharata's race, bears all the marks of the father that has actually begotten him. The son thus born is incapable of concealing the evidences of physiognomy. He is at He is at once known by eyesight.
Sanskrit: क्वचिच्च कृतकः पुत्रः संग्रहादेव लक्ष्यते। न तत्र रेतः क्षेत्रं वा यत्र लक्ष्येत भारत॥
English: As regards the son made, he is sometimes considered as the child of the person who has made him a son and who brings him up. In his case, neither the vital seed of which he has been born nor the soil in which he has been born, becomes the cause of sonship.
Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर उवाच कीदृशः कृतकः पुत्रः संग्रहादेव लक्ष्यते। शुक्रं क्षेत्रं प्रमाणं वा यत्र लक्ष्यं न भारत॥
English: Yudhishthira said What kind of son is that who is said to be a made son and whose sonship originates from the fact of his being taken and reared, and in whose case neither the vital seed nor the soil of birth, O Bharata, is caused as the cause of sonship.
Sanskrit: भीष्म उवाच मातापितृभ्यां यस्त्यक्तः पथि यस्तं प्रकल्पयेत्। न चास्य मातापितरौ ज्ञायेतां स हि कृत्रिमः॥
English: Bhishnia said When one takes up and rears a son who has been cast off on the road by his father and mother, and when the person thus taking and rearing him cannot find out his parents after search, he becomes the father of such son and the latter becomes what is called his made son.
Sanskrit: अस्वामिकस्य स्वामित्वं यस्मिन् सम्प्रति लक्ष्यते। यो वर्ण: पोषयेत् तं च तद्वर्णस्तस्य जायते॥
English: Not having anybody to own him, he becomes his who rcars hiin. Such son, again, comes to be considered as belonging to that castes to which his owner or rearer belongs.
Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर उवाच कथमस्य प्रयोक्तव्यः संस्कारः कस्य वा कथम्। देया कन्या कथं चेति तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह॥
English: Yudhishthira said How should the purifactory rites of such a person be performed? In whose case that sort of rites are to be performed? With what girl should he be married? Tell me all this, O grandfather.
Sanskrit: भीष्म उवाच आत्मवत् तस्य कुर्वीत संस्कारं स्वामिवत् तथा। त्यक्तो मातापितृभ्यां यः सवर्ण प्रतिपद्यते॥
English: Bhishma said The rites of purification for such a son should be performed according to the usage of the person himself who rears him, for, renounced by his parents, such son gets the caste of the person who takes him and rears him.
Sanskrit: तद्गोत्रबन्धुजं तस्य कुर्यात् संस्कारमच्युत। अथ देया तु कन्या स्यात् तद्वर्णस्य युधिष्ठिर।॥
English: Indeed, O you of unfading glory, the rearer should perform all the purificatory rites for such son according to the practices of his own family and kinsmen. As regards the girl also, O Yudhishthira, that should be bestowed in marriage upon such a son, she should belong to the caste of the rearer himself.
Sanskrit: संस्कर्तुं वर्गगोत्रं च मातृवर्णविनिश्चये। कानीनाध्यूढजौ वापि विज्ञेयौ पुत्र किल्बिषौ॥
English: All this is to be done only when the caste of the son's true mother cannot be learnt. Among sons, he who is born of a maiden and he who is born of a mother who had conceived before her marriage but brought nim forth subsequent to that act, are considered as very disgraceful and degraded.
Sanskrit: तावपि स्वाविव सुतौ संस्कार्याविति निश्चयः। श्रेत्रजो वाप्यपसदो येऽध्यूढास्तेषु चाप्युत॥ आत्मवद् वै प्रयुञ्जीरन् संस्कारान् ब्राह्मणादयः। धर्मशास्त्रेषु वर्णानां निश्चयोऽयं प्रदृश्यते॥ एतत् ते सर्वमाख्यातं किं भूयः श्रोतुमिच्छसि॥
English: Even these two, however, should receive the same rites of purification that sanctioned for the sons begotten by the father in lawful marriage. In respect of the son who becomes his fathers on account of his birth in the father's soil, and of those sons who are called Apsadas, and those conceived by the wife in her maidenhood but brought forth after marriage, Brahmanas and others should apply the same rites of purification that are in vogue in their own castes. These are the conclusions that are seen in the scriptures about the different castes. I have thus told you everything of your questions. What else do you wish to hear?
Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर उवाच दर्शने कीदृशः स्नेहः संवासे च पितामह। महाभाग्यं गवां चैव तन्मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि॥
English: Yudhishthira said What is the nature of the compassion or pity that is felt at seeing the misery of another? What is the nature of that compassion or sympathy that one feels for another on account of his living in the companionship of that other? What is the nature of the supreme blessedness of kine? You should, O grandfather explain all this to me.
Sanskrit: भीष्म उवाच हन्त ते कथयिष्यामि पुरावृत्तं महाद्युते। नहुषस्य च संवादं महर्षेश्च्यवनस्य च॥
English: Bhishma said I shall, O you of great effulgence, recite to you in this connection an ancient narrative of a conversation between Nahusha and the Rishi Chyavana.
Sanskrit: पुरा महर्षिश्च्यवनो भार्गवो भरतर्षभ। उदावासकृतारम्भो बभूव स महाव्रतः॥
English: Formerly, O chief of Bharata's race, the great Rishi Chyavana of Bhrigu's race, always practising high vows, became desirous of leading for sometime the mode of life called Udavasa, and sed himself to commence it.
Sanskrit: निहत्य मानं क्रोधं च प्रहर्षं शोकमेव च। वर्षाणि द्वादश मुनिर्जलवासे धृतव्रतः॥
English: Renouncing pride, anger, joy and grief, the ascetic, pledging himself to observe that vow, set himself to live for twelve years, according to the rules of Udavasa.
Sanskrit: आदधत् सर्वभूतेषु विश्रम्भं परमं शुभम्। जलेचरेषु सर्वेषु शीतरश्मिरिव प्रभुः॥
English: The Rishi inspired all creatures with trust. And he inspired similar confidence in all creatures living in water. The powerful ascetic resembled the Moon himself in his conduct to all.
Sanskrit: स्थाणुभूतः शुचिर्भूत्वा दैवतेभ्यः प्रणम्य च। गङ्गायमुनयोर्मध्ये जलं सम्प्रविवेश ह॥
English: Bowing to all the deities and having purged himself of all sins, he entered the water at the confluence of Ganga and Yamuna, and stood there like an inanimate post of wood.
Sanskrit: गङ्गायमुनयोर्वेगं सुभीमं भीमनिःस्वनम्। प्रतिजग्राह शिरसा वातवेगसमं जवे॥
English: Placing his head against it, he bore the fierce and roaring current of the two rivers united together,—the current whose speed resembled that of the wind itself.
Sanskrit: गङ्गे च यमुने चैव सरितश्च सरांसि च। प्रदक्षिणमृर्षि चक्रुर्न औनं पर्यपीडयन्॥
English: Ganga and Yamuna, however, and the other rivers and lakes, whose waters unite together at the confluence at Prayaga, instead of afflicting the Rishi, went beyond him.
Sanskrit: अन्तर्जलेषु सुष्वाप काष्ठभूतो महामुनिः। ततश्चोर्ध्वस्थितो धीमानभवद् भरतर्षभ॥
English: Assuming the attitude of a wooden post, the great Muni sometimes laid himself down in the water and slept at ease. And sometimes, O chief of Bharata's race the intelligent sage stood erect.
Sanskrit: जलौकसां स सत्त्वानां बभूव प्रियदर्शनः। उपाजिघ्रन्त च तदा तस्योष्ठं हृष्टमानसाः॥
English: He became quite agreeable to all creatures living in water. Without the least fear, all these used to smell the Rishi's lips.
Sanskrit: तत्र तस्यासतः कालः समतीतोऽभवन्महान्। ततः कदाचित् समये कस्मिंश्चिन्मत्स्यजीविनः॥
English: In this way, the Rishi passed a long time at that grand confluence of waters. One day, some fishermen came there.
Sanskrit: तं देशं समुपाजग्मुर्जालहस्ता महाद्युते। निषादा बहवस्तत्र मत्स्योद्धरणनिश्चयाः॥
English: With nets in their hands, O you of great effuigence, those men came where the Rishi was. They were many in number and all of them were bent upon catching fish.