pari-kulkarni/itihasa-sanskrit-en-filtered huggingface dataset:
Sanskrit: ततः स्तुतिपुराणज्ञा रक्तकण्ठाः सुशिक्षिताः। अस्तुवन् विश्वकर्माणं वासुदेवं प्रजापतिम्॥
English: Then a number of well-trained and sweet voiced persons conversant with hymns and the Puranas, began to sing the praises of Vasudeva, the master of all creatures and the creator of the universe.
Sanskrit: पठन्ति पाणिस्वनिकास्तथा गायन्ति गायनाः। शङ्खानथ मृदङ्गांश्च प्रवाद्यन्ति सहस्रशः॥
English: Others, keeping time by the clapping of hands, began to sing sweet hymns, and vocalists began to sing. Thousands of conchshells and drums were blown and beat.
Sanskrit: वीणापणववेणूनां स्वनश्चातिमनोरमः। सहास इव विस्तीर्णः शुश्रुवे तस्य वेश्मनः॥
English: The charming sound also of Vinas; Panavas, and bamboo flutes, was heard. The spacious edifice of Krishna, seemed, as if to laugh with music.
Sanskrit: ततो युधिष्ठिरस्यापि राज्ञो मङ्गलसंहिताः। उच्चेरुर्मधुरा वाचो गीतवादिनि:स्वनाः॥
English: In the mansion of King Yudhishthira also melodious voices were heard, exclaiming auspicious wishes, and the sound of songs too and musical instruments.
Sanskrit: तत उत्थाय दाशार्हः स्नातः प्राञ्जलिरच्युतः। जप्त्वा गुह्यं महाबाहुरग्नीनाश्रित्य तस्थिवान्॥
English: Then the Dasharha here performed his ablutions. Joining his hands, the mighty armed hero, of undecaying glory, silently recited his sacred Mantras, and lighting up a fire poured libations of clarified butter upon it.
Sanskrit: ततः सहस्रं विप्राणां चतुर्वेदविदां तथा। गवां सहस्रेणैकैकं वाचयामास माधवः॥
English: Distributing a thousand kine amongst a thousand Brahmanas all of whom were masters of the four Vedas, he made them utter benedictions upon him.
Sanskrit: मङ्गलालम्भनं कृत्वा आत्मानमवलोक्य च। आदर्श विमले कृष्णस्ततः सात्यकिमब्रवीत्॥ गच्छ शैनेय जानीहि गत्वा राजनिवेशनम्। अपि सज्जो महातेजा भीष्मं द्रष्टुं युधिष्ठिरः॥
English: Touching next various sorts of sacred articles and beholding himself in a clear mirror, Krishna addressed Satyaki, saying,—'Go, O descendant of Shini, and repairing to Yudhishthira's palace, ascertain whether if the king is dressed for visiting Bhishma.'
Sanskrit: ततः कृष्णस्य वचनात् सात्यकिस्त्वरितो ययौ। उपगम्य च राजानं युधिष्ठिरमभाषत॥ युक्तो रथवरो राजन् वासुदेवस्य धीमतः। समीपमापगेयस्य प्रयास्यति जनार्दनः॥
English: Thus commanded by Krishna, Satyaki, proceeding quickly to the royal son of Pandu, said to him-'The foremost of cars, belonging to the highly intelligent Vasudeva, is ready, O king, for Janardana will go to see Ganga's son.
Sanskrit: भवत्प्रतीक्षः कृष्णोऽसौ धर्मराज महाद्युते। यदत्रानन्तरं कृत्यं तद् भवान् कर्तुमर्हति॥ एवमुक्तः प्रत्युवाच धर्मपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः।
English: O righteous, great, and powerful king! Krishna is waiting for you. You should now do what should be done next. Thus addressed, Dharma's son Yudhishthira answered as follows.
Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर उवाच युज्यतां मे रथवरः फाल्गुनाप्रतिमद्युते॥ न सैनिकैश्च यातव्यं यास्यामो वयमेव हि।
English: ‘O Phalguna of matchless splendour, let my best of cars be made ready. We should not be accompanied by the soldiers, but we shall proceed alone.
Sanskrit: न च पीडयितव्यो मे भीष्मो धर्मभृतां वरः॥ अतः पुरःसराश्चापि निवर्तन्तु धनंजय।
English: That best or righteous person viz., Bhishma, should not be vexed. Let not the guards, therefore, O Dhananjaya accompany us today.
Sanskrit: अद्यप्रभृति गाङ्गेयः परं गुह्यं प्रवक्ष्यति॥ अतो नेच्छामि कौन्तेय पृथग्जनसमागमम्।
English: From this day Ganga's son will discourse on things that are great mysteries, I do not, therefore, O son of Kunti, wish that there should be a miscellaneous assembly.'
Sanskrit: वैशम्पायन उवाच स तद्वाक्यमथाज्ञाय कुन्तीपुत्रो धनंजयः॥ युक्तं रथवरं तस्मा आचचक्षे नरर्षभः।
English: Hearing these words of the king, Kunti's son Dhananjaya, that best of men went out and returning said to him that his best of cars stood ready for him.
Sanskrit: ततो युधिष्ठिरो राजा यमौ भीमार्जुनावपि॥ भूतानीव समस्तानि ययुः कृष्णनिवेशनम्।
English: King Yudhishthira, the twins Bhima and Arjuna, the five resembling the five elements, then proceeded towards Krishna's mansion.
Sanskrit: आगच्छत्स्वथ कृष्णोऽपि पाण्डवेषु महात्मसु॥ शैनेयसहितो धीमान् रथमेवान्वपद्यत।
English: While the great Pandavas were coming, Krishna accompanied by the grandson of Shini, got upon his car.
Sanskrit: रथस्थाः संविदं कृत्वा सुखां पृष्ट्वा च शर्वरीम्॥ मेघघोषै रथवरैः प्रययुस्ते नरर्षभाः।
English: Saluting one another from their cars and each enquiring of the other whether he had passed the night happily, those foremost of men proceeded, without stopping, on those foremost of cars whose rattle resembled the roar of the clouds.
Sanskrit: बलाहकं मेघपुष्पं शैब्यं सुग्रीवमेव च॥ दारुकश्चोदयामास वासुदेवस्य वाजिनः। ते हया वासुदेवस्य दारुकेण प्रचोदिताः।२२॥ गां खुरागैस्तथा राजंल्लिखन्तः प्रययुस्तदा।
English: Krishna's horses, viz., Balahaka, Meghapushpa, Shaivya and Sugriva were driven by Daruka. The animals, urged by him, O king, ran on marking the Earth with their hoofs.
Sanskrit: ते ग्रसन्त इवाकाशं वेगवन्तो महाबलाः॥ क्षेत्रं धर्मस्य कृत्स्नस्य कुरुक्षेत्रमवातरन्। ततो ययुर्यत्र भीष्मः शरतल्पगतः प्रभुः॥ आस्ते महर्षिभिः सार्धं ब्रह्मा देवगणैर्यथा।
English: Highly strong and quick-coursing, they flew onwards, devouring as if the very skies. Traversing the sacred field of Kuru, the princes went to that spot where the powerful Bhishma was lying on his bed of arrows, surrounded by those great Rishis, like Brahman himself in the midst of the celestials.
Sanskrit: ततोऽवतीर्य गोविन्दो रथात् स च युधिष्ठिरः॥ भीमो गाण्डीवधन्वा च यमौ सात्यकिरेव च। ऋषीनभ्यर्चयामासुः करानुद्यम्य दक्षिणान्॥
English: Then Govinda, Yudhishthira. Bhima, and the wielder of Gandiva, the twins and Satyaki, getting down from their cars, saluted the Rishis by raising their right hands.
Sanskrit: स तैः परिवृतो राजा नक्षत्रैरिव चन्द्रमाः। अभ्याजगाम गाङ्गेयं ब्रह्माणमिव वासवः॥
English: Encircled by them, king Yudhishthira, like the moon in the midst of the stars, approached Ganga's son like Vasava proceeding towards Brahman.
Sanskrit: शरतल्पे शयानं तमादित्यं पतितं यथा। स ददर्श महाबाहुं भयाच्चागतसाध्वसः।२८॥
English: Possessed by fear, the king timidly cast his eyes on the mighty-armed hero lying on his bed of arrows like the Sun himself dropped from the sky.
Sanskrit: जनमेजय उवाच धर्मात्मनि महावीर्ये सत्यसंधे जितात्मनि। देवव्रते महाभागे शरतल्पगतेऽच्युते॥ शयाने वीरशयने भीष्मे शान्तनुनन्दने। गाङ्गेये पुरुषव्याघ्र पाण्डवैः पर्युपासिते॥ काः कथाः समवर्तन्त तस्मिन् वीरसमागमे। हतेषु सर्वसैन्येषु तन्मे शंस महामुने॥
English: Janamejaya said When that foremost men, of righteous soul and great energy, strictly devoted to truth and with passions restrained, viz., the son of Shantanu and Ganga, named Devavrata or Bhishma of undecaying glory, lay on a hero's bed with the sons of Pandu sitting around him, tell me, O great sage, what conversation took place in that meeting of heroes after the destruction of all the soldiers.
Sanskrit: वैशम्पायन उवाच शरतल्पगते भीष्मे कौरवाणां धुरन्धरे। आजग्मुर्ऋषयः सिद्धा नारदप्रमुखा नृप॥
English: Vaishampayana said When Bhishma, that chief of the Kurus, lay on his bed of arrows, many Rishis and Siddhas, O king, headed by Narada, came there.
Sanskrit: हतशिष्टाश्च राजानो युधिष्ठिरपुरोगमाः। धृतराष्ट्रश्च कृष्णश्च भीमार्जुनयमास्तथा॥
English: The residue of the king with Yudhishthira at their head, Dhritarashtra, Krishna, Bhima, Arjuna and the twins also came there.
Sanskrit: तेऽभिगम्य महात्मानो भरतानां पितामहम्। अन्वशोचन्त गाङ्गेयमादित्यं पतितं यथा॥
English: Approaching the grandfather of the Bharatas who shone like the Sun himself dropped from the sky, those great persons began to bewail for him.
Sanskrit: मुहूर्तमिव च ध्यात्वा नारदो देवदर्शनः। उवाच पाण्डवान् सर्वान् हतशिष्टांश्च पार्थिवान्॥ प्राप्तकालं समाचक्षे भीष्मोऽयमनुयुज्यताम्। अस्तमेति हि गाङ्गेयो भानुमानिव भारत॥
English: Then reflecting for a moment, Narada, of divine features, addressed all the Pandavas and the residue of the kings, saying, 'The time, I think, has come for you to question Bhishma for Ganga's son is about to die like the Sun that is on the point of setting.
Sanskrit: अयं प्राणानुत्सिसृक्षुस्तं सर्वेऽभ्यनुपृच्छत। कृत्स्नात् विविधान् धर्मांश्चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य वेत्त्ययम्॥
English: He is about to give up his ghost. Do you all, therefore, request him to discourse to you. He is acquainted with the various duties of all the four orders.
Sanskrit: एष वृद्धः पराँल्लोकान् सम्प्राप्नोति तनुं त्यजन्। तं शीघ्रमनुयुजीध्वं संशयान् मनसि स्थितान्॥
English: Aged as he is, after renouncing his corporeal frame he will attain to high regions of bliss. Request him, therefore, forthwith to clear the doubts that exist in your minds.
Sanskrit: वैशम्पायन उवाच एवमुक्ते नारदेन भीष्ममीयुर्नराधिपः। प्रष्टुं चाशक्नुवन्तस्ते वीक्षां चक्रुः परस्परम्॥
English: Thus accosted by Narada, those princes approached Bhishina, but unable to ask him anything looked at one another.
Sanskrit: अथोवाच हृषीकेशं पाण्डुपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः। नान्यस्तु देवकीपुत्राच्छक्तः प्रष्टुं पितामहम्॥
English: Then Yudhishthira the son of Pandu, addressing Hrishikesha, said,-"There is no one else then Devaki's son who can question the grandfather.
Sanskrit: प्रव्याहर यदुश्रेष्ठ त्वमग्रे मधुसूदन। त्वं हि नस्तात सर्वेषां सर्वधर्मविदुत्तमः॥
English: O foremost one of Yadu's race, do you, therefore, O destroyer of Madhu, speak first. You are the foremost of us all and are conversant with every duty and practice.'
Sanskrit: एवमुक्तः पाण्डवेन भगवान् केशवस्तदा। अभिगम्य दुराधर्षं प्रव्याहारयदच्युतः॥
English: Thus addressed by the son of Pandu, the illustrious Keshava of undecaying glory, approaching the unconquerable Bhishma, spoke to him as follows.
Sanskrit: वासुदेव उवाच कच्चित् सुखेन रजनी व्युष्टा ते राजसत्तम। विस्पष्टलक्षणा बुद्धिः कच्चिच्चोपस्थिता तव॥
English: Have you, O best of kings passed the night happily? Has your understanding become unclouded?
Sanskrit: कच्चिज्ज्ञानानि सर्वाणि प्रतिभान्ति च तेऽनघ। न ग्लायते च हृदयं न च ते व्याकुलं मनः॥
English: Does your knowledge, O sinless one, shine in you by inward light? I hope your heart does not feel pain and your mind is no longer agitated?'
Sanskrit: भीष्म उवाच दाहो मोहः श्रमश्चैव क्लमो ग्लानिस्तथा रुजा। तव प्रसादाद् वार्ष्णेय सद्यः प्रतिगतानि मे॥
English: Bhishma said Burning, stupefaction, toil, exhaustion, and pain, through your Grace, O you of Vrishni's race, have all left me in a single day.
Sanskrit: यच्च भूतं भविष्यच्च भवच्च परमाते। तत् सर्वमनुपश्यामि पाणौ फलमिवार्पितम्॥
English: O you of matchless splendour, I behold as distinctly as a fruit placed in my hands, all that is past, all that is future, and all that is present.
Sanskrit: वेदोक्ताश्चैव ये धर्मा वेदान्ताधिगताच ये। तान् सर्वान् सम्प्रपश्यामि वरदानात् तवाच्युत॥
English: I behold clearly, O you of unfading glory, by virtue of the boon granted by you to me, all the duties laid down in the Vedas, and in the Vedantas.
Sanskrit: शिष्टैश्च धर्मो यः प्रोक्तः स च मे हृदि वर्तते। देशजातिकुलानां च धर्मज्ञोऽस्मि जनार्दन।॥
English: The duties that have been described by persons of learning and righteous conduct are still fresh in my memory. I am conversant also, O Janardana, with the duties and practices obtaining in particular countries and among particular tribes and families.
Sanskrit: चतुर्वाश्रमधर्मेषु योऽर्थः स च हृदि स्थितः। राजधर्मांश्च सकलानवगच्छामि केशव॥
English: I remember again everything regarding the four modes of life. I am acquainted, O Keshava, with the royal duties.
Sanskrit: यच्च यत्र च वक्तव्यं तद् वक्ष्यामि जनार्दन। तव प्रसादाद्धि शुभा मनो मे बुद्धिराविशत्॥
English: I would say, O Janardana, everything in its proper hour. Through your favour, I have acquired an auspicious understanding.
Sanskrit: युवेवास्मि समावृत्तस्त्वदनुधयनबंहितः। वक्तुं श्रेयः समर्थोऽस्मि त्वत्प्रसादाज्जनार्दन॥
English: Strengthened by contemplation of you, I feel as if I have become a young man again. Through your favour, O Janardana, I have become capable to talk on what is for the behoof of the world.
Sanskrit: स्वयं किमर्थं तु भवाश्रेयो न प्राह पाण्डवम्। किं ते विवक्षितं चात्र तदाशु वद माधव॥
English: Why, however, O holy one, do you not yourself describe to Pandu's son all that is good? What explanation can you give about it? Tell me quickly, O Madhava.'
Sanskrit: वासुदेव उवाच यशसः श्रेयसंश्चैव मूलं मां विद्धि कौरव। मत्तः सर्वेऽभिनिर्वृत्ता भावाः सदसदात्मकाः॥
English: Vasudeva said Know, O you of Kuru's race, that I am the root of fame and of everything that produces good. All things, good or bad, emanate from me.
Sanskrit: शीतांशुश्चन्द्र इत्युक्ते लोके को विस्पयिष्यति। तथैव यशसा पूर्णे मयि को विस्मयिष्यति॥
English: Who on Earth will wonder if the Moon be said possessing cool rays? Similarly, who will wonder if I were described as one endued with the greatest fame.
Sanskrit: आधेयं तु मया भूयो यशस्तव महाद्युते। ततो मे विपुला बुद्धिस्त्वयि भीष्म समर्पिता॥
English: I have, however, resolved to enhance your fame, O you of great splendour. It is for this, O Bhishma, that I have just filled you with great intelligence.
Sanskrit: याबद्धि पृथिवीपाल पृथ्वीयं स्थास्यति ध्रुवा। तावत् तत्तवाक्षया कीर्तिर्लोकाननुचरिष्यति॥
English: As long, O king, as the Earth will last, so long will your fame travel with unmitigated lustre through all the worlds.
Sanskrit: यच्च त्वं वक्ष्यसे भीष्म पाण्डवायानुपृच्छते। वेदप्रवाद इव ते स्थास्यते वसुधातले॥
English: Whatever, O Bhishma, you will say to the inquiring son of Pandu, will pass on Earth like the authoritative declarations of the Vedas.
Sanskrit: यश्चैतेन प्रमाणेन योक्ष्यत्यात्मानमात्मना। स फलं सर्वपुण्यानां प्रेत्य चानुभविष्यति।॥
English: That person, who will follow the authority of your declarations, will obtain hereafter the meed of every meritorious act.
Sanskrit: एतस्मात् कारणाद् भीष्म मतिर्दिव्या मया हि ते। दत्ता यशो विप्रथयेत् कथं भूयस्तवेति ह॥
English: For this reason, O Bhishma, I have conferred on you celestial understanding so that your fame may be increased on Earth.
Sanskrit: यावद्धि प्रथते लोके पुरुषस्य यशो भुवि। तावत् तस्याक्षयं स्थानं भवतीति विनिश्चिता॥
English: As long as a man's fame lasts in the world, so long are his good deeds alive.
Sanskrit: राजानो हतशिष्टास्त्वां राजन्नभित आसते। धर्माननुयुयुक्षन्तस्तेभ्यः प्रब्रूहि भारत॥
English: The unslain residue of the kings are sitting around you, desirous of hearing your discourses on morality and duty. Do you speak to them, O Bharata.
Sanskrit: भवान् हि वयसा वृद्धः श्रुताचारसमन्वितः। कुशलो राजधर्माणां सर्वेषामपराश्च ये॥
English: You are aged and your conduct is consistent with the injunctions of the Shrutis. You are a master of the royal duties and of every other science of duty.
Sanskrit: जन्मप्रभृति ते कश्चिद् वृजिनं न ददर्श ह। ज्ञातारं सर्वधर्माणां त्वां विदुः सर्वपार्थिवाः॥
English: No one, has ever marked the slightest transgression in you since your very birth. All the kings know you to be master of the sciences of morality and duty.
Sanskrit: तेभ्यः पितेव पुत्रेभ्यो राजन् ब्रूहि परं नयम्। ऋषयश्चैव देवाश्च त्वया नित्यमुपासिताः॥
English: Like a father to his sons do you, therefore, O king, describe to them high morality. You have always adored the Rishis and the gods.
Sanskrit: तस्माद् वक्तव्यमेवेदं त्वयावश्यमशेषतः! धर्मं शुश्रूषमाणेभ्यः पृष्टेन च सता पुनः॥ वक्तव्यं विदुषा चेति धर्ममाहुर्मनीषिणाः।
English: You should discourse on these subjects fully to persons desirous of listening to discourses on morality and duty. A learned person, especially when requested by the righteous, should talk of the same. The sages have declared this to be a duty.
Sanskrit: अप्रतिब्रुवत: कष्टो दोषो हि भविता प्रभो॥ तस्मात् पुत्रैश्च पौत्रेश्च धर्मान् पृष्टान् सनातनान्। विद्वाजिज्ञासमानस्त्वं प्रब्रूहि भरतर्षभ॥
English: O powerful one if you do not speak on such subjects, you will incur sin. Therefore, questioned by your sons and grandsons, o learned one, about the eternal duties (of men), do you, O foremost of the Bharatas, describe this subject them.
Sanskrit: वैशम्पायन उवाच अथाब्रवीन्महातेजा वाक्यं कौरवनन्दनः। हन्त धर्मान् प्रवक्ष्यामि दृढे वाङ्मनसी मम॥ तव प्रसादाद् गोविन्द भूतात्मा ह्यासि शाश्वतः।
English: Vaishampayana said The highly energetic delighter of Kurus, viz., Bhishma said,—'I shall describe the subject of duty. My speech and mind have become steady, through your favour, O Govinda, since you are the eternal soul of every being.
Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिरस्तु धर्मात्मा मां धर्माननुपृच्छतु। एवं प्रीतो भविष्यामि धर्मान् वक्ष्यामि चाखिलान्॥
English: Let the righteous-souled Yudhishthira enquire of me about morality and duty. I shall then be much pleased to speak of all duties.
Sanskrit: यस्मिन् राजर्षभे जाते धर्मात्मनि महात्मनि। अहृष्यन्नृषयः सर्वे स मां पृच्छतु पाण्डव॥
English: Let the son of Pandu, that virtuous and noble royal sage, upon whose birth all the Vrishnis were filled with joy, question me.
Sanskrit: सर्वेषां दीप्तयशसां कुरूणां धर्मचारिणाम्। यस्य नास्ति समः कश्चित् स मां पृच्छतुं पाण्डवः॥४
English: Let the son of Pandu, who has no peer among all the Kurus, among all righteous persons and among celebrated men question me.
Sanskrit: धृतिर्दमो ब्रह्मचर्यं क्षमा धर्मश्च नित्यदा। यस्मिन्नोजश्च स मां पृच्छतु पाण्डवः॥
English: let the son of Pandu, who is endued with intelligence, self-restraint, Brahmacharya, forgiveness righteousness, mental vigour and energy, question me.
Sanskrit: सम्बन्धिनोऽतिथीन् भृत्यान् संश्रितांश्चैव यो भृशम्। सम्मानयति सत्कृत्य स मा पृच्छतु पाण्डवः॥
English: Let the son of Pandu, who always by his favour honours his relative and guests and servants and dependants, question me.
Sanskrit: सत्यं दानं तपः शौर्य शान्तिर्दाक्ष्यमसम्भ्रमः। यस्मिन्नेतानि सर्वाणि स मां पृच्छतु पाण्डवः॥
English: Let the son of Pandu, who is settled in truth, charity, penances, heroism, peacefulness, cleverness, and fearlessness, question me.
Sanskrit: यो न कामान्न संरम्भान्न भयानार्थकारणात्। कुर्यादधर्मं धर्मात्मा स मां पृच्छतु पाण्डवः॥
English: Let the pious son of Pandu, who would never commit a sin actuated by desire of pleasure of profit or from fear, question me.
Sanskrit: सत्यनित्यः क्षमानित्यो ज्ञाननित्योऽतिथिप्रियः। यो ददाति सतां नित्यं स मां पृच्छतु पाण्डवः॥
English: Let the son of Pandu, who is ever truthful, forgiving, endued with knowledge, and attentive to guests and who always makes gifts to the pious, question me.
Sanskrit: इज्याध्ययननित्यस्य धर्मे च निरतः सदा। क्षान्तः श्रुतरहस्यश्च स मां पृच्छतु पाण्डवः॥
English: Let the son of Pandu, who always celebrates sacrifices and studies the Vedas and satisfies the morality and duty, who is ever peaceful and who has heard all mysteries, question me.
Sanskrit: वासुदेव उवाच लज्जया परयोपेतो धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः। अभिशापभयाद् भीतो भवन्तं नोपसर्पति॥
English: Vasudeva said 'King Yudhishthira, possessed by great shame and fearing your imprecations, does not venture to approach you.
Sanskrit: लोकस्य कदनं कृत्वा लोकनाथो विशाम्पते। अभिशापभयाद् भीतो भवन्तं नोपसर्पति॥
English: That king, O monarch, having caused a great carnage, ventures not to approach you from fear of your curse.
Sanskrit: पूज्यान् मान्यांश्च भक्तांश्च गुरून् सम्बन्धिबान्धवान्। अर्घार्हानिषुभिर्भित्त्वा भवन्तं नोपसर्पति॥
English: Having wounded with arrows those who were worthy of his worship, those who were devoted to him, those who were his preceptors, those who were his relatives and kinsmen, and those who deserved his highest regard, he ventures not to approach you.
Sanskrit: भीष्म उवाच ब्राह्मणानां यथा धर्मो दानमध्ययनं तपः। क्षत्रियाणां तथा कृष्ण समरे देहपातनम्॥
English: Bhishma said As the duty of the Brahmanas is to practise charity, to study, and perform penances, so the duty of Kshatriyas is to renounce their bodies, OKrishna, in battle.
Sanskrit: पितॄन् पितामहान् भ्रातृन् गुरून् सम्बन्धिबान्धवान्। मिथ्याप्रवृत्तान् यः संख्ये निहन्याद् धर्म एव सः॥
English: Kshatriyas should kill fathers and grandfathers and brothers and preceptors and relatives and kinsmen that may give them an unjust battle. This is their open duty.
Sanskrit: समयत्यागिनो लुब्धान् गुरूनपि च केशव। निहन्ति समरे पापान् क्षत्रियो यः स धर्मवित्॥
English: The Kshatriya, O Keshava, knows his own duty who kills in battle his very preceptors, if they happen to be sinful and covetous and negligent of restraints and vows.
Sanskrit: यो लोभान समीक्षेत धर्मसेतुं सनातनम्। निहन्ति यस्तं समरे क्षत्रियो वै स धर्मवित्॥
English: That Kshatriya knows his duty who kills in battle the person who out of covetousness neglects the eternal restrictions of virtue.
Sanskrit: लोहितोदां केशतृणां गजशैलां ध्वजगुमाम्। महीं करोति युद्धेषु क्षत्रियो यः स धर्मवित्॥
English: That Kshatriya knows his duty who in battle converts the Earth into a lake of blood, having the hairs of killed warriors for the grass and straw floating on it, and having elephants for its rocks, and standards for the trees on its banks.
Sanskrit: आहूतेन रणे नित्यं योद्धव्यं क्षत्रबन्धुना। धर्म्यं स्वर्यं च लोक्यं च युद्धं हि मनुरब्रवीत्॥
English: A Kshatriya, when challenged, must always fight in battle, for Manu has said that a righteous battle acquire both heaven and fame on Earth for him.
Sanskrit: वैशम्पायन उवाच एवमुक्तस्तु भीष्मेण धर्मपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः। विनीतवदुपागम्य तस्थौ संदर्शनेऽग्रतः॥
English: Vaishampayana said After Bhishma had spoken thus, Dharma's son Yudhishthira humbly approached the Kuru hero and stood before him.
Sanskrit: अथास्य पादौ जग्राह भीष्मश्चापि ननन्द तम्। मूर्ध्नि चैनमुपाघ्राय निषीदेत्यब्रवीत् तदा॥
English: He seized the feet of Bhishma who in return cheered him with affectionate words. Smelling his head, Bhishma asked Yudhishthira to take his seat.
Sanskrit: तमुवाचाथ गाङ्गेयो वृषभः सर्वधन्विनाम्। मां पृच्छ तात विश्रब्धं मा भैस्त्वं कुरुसत्तम॥
English: Then Ganga's son, that best of bowmen, addressed Yudhishthira, saying,—'Do not fear, O best of the Kurus. Ask me, O child, without any hesitation.'
Sanskrit: वैशम्पायन उवाच प्रणिपत्य हृषीकेशमभिवाद्य पितामहम्। अनुमान्य गुरून् सर्वान् पर्यपृच्छद् युधिष्ठिरः॥
English: Having saluted Hrishikesha, and Bhishma, and taken the permission of all the elders assembled there, Yudhishthira began to question Bhishma.
Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर उवाच राज्ञां वै परमो धर्म इति धर्मविदो विदुः। महान्तमेतं भारं च मन्ये तद् ब्रूहि पार्थिव॥
English: Yudhishthira said 'Persons conversant with duty and morality lecture that royal duties are the highest science of duty. I also regard the burden of those duties as being highly heavy. Do you, therefore, O king, describe those duties.
Sanskrit: राजधर्मान् विशेषेण कथयस्व पितामह। सर्वस्य जीवलोकस्य राजधर्मः परायणम्॥
English: O grandfather, do you speak fully on the duties of kings. The science of royal duties is the refuge of all creatures.
Sanskrit: त्रिवर्गो हि समासक्तो राजधर्मेषु कारैव। मोक्षधर्मश्च विस्पष्टः सकलोऽत्र समाहितः॥
English: O you of Kuru's race, Religion, Profit, and Pleasure depend on royal duties. It is also clear that the practices that lead to liberation equally depend on them.
Sanskrit: यथा हि रश्मयोऽश्वस्य द्विरदस्याङ्कद्धशो यथा। नरेन्द्रधर्मो लोकस्य तथा प्रग्रहणं स्मृतम्॥
English: As the reins govern the horse or the iron goad the elephant, so the science of royal duties forms the reins for restraining the world.
Sanskrit: तत्र चेत् सम्प्रमुोत धर्मे राजर्षिसेविते। लोकस्य संस्था न भवेत् सर्वं च व्याकुलीभवेत्॥
English: If one becomes bewildered regarding the duties observed by kings, disorder would prevail on Earth and everything will be in confusion.
Sanskrit: उदयन् हि यथा सूर्यो नाशयत्यशुभं तमः। राजधर्मास्तथालोक्यां निक्षिपन्त्यशुभां गतिम्॥
English: As the Sun rising removes darkness, so this science destroys all the evil consequences of the world.
Sanskrit: तदने राजधर्मान् हि मदर्थे त्वं पितामह। प्रब्रूहि भरतश्रेष्ठ त्वं हि धर्मभृतां वरः॥
English: Therefore, O grandfather, do you, for my sake, discourse on royal duties first of all, for you, O chief of the Bharatas, are the foremost of all persons conversant with duties.
Sanskrit: आगमश्च परस्त्वत्तः परंतप। भवन्तं हि परं बुद्धौ वासुदेवोऽभिमन्यते॥
English: O destroyer of foes, Vasudeva considers you as the foremost of all intelligent persons. Therefore, all of us expect the best knowledge from you.'
Sanskrit: भीष्म उवाच नमो धर्माय महते नमः कृष्णाय वेधसे। ब्राह्मणेभ्यो नमस्कृत्य धर्मान् वक्ष्यामि शाश्वतान्।।१० सर्वेषां नः
English: Bhishma said 'Saluting Dharma who is Supreme, Krishna who is Brahma in full, and the Brahmanas, I shall discourse on the eternal duties (of men).
Sanskrit: शृणु कात्स्येन मत्तस्त्वं राजधर्मान् युधिष्ठिर। निरुच्यमानान् नियतो यच्चान्यदपि वाञ्छसि॥
English: Hear from me, O Yudhishthira, with rapt attention, all the royal duties described accurately and fully and other duties that you may wish to know.