pari-kulkarni/itihasa-sanskrit-en-filtered huggingface dataset:
Sanskrit: तं धर्ममसुरास्तात नामृष्यन्त जनाधिप। विवर्धमानाः क्रमशस्तत्र तेऽन्वाविशन् प्रजाः॥
English: The Asuras, however, O child, could not bear that virtue, which prevailed in the world. Multiplying the Asuras entered the bodies of inen.
Sanskrit: तासां दर्पः समभवत् प्रजानां धर्मनाशनः। दर्पात्मनां ततः पश्चात् क्रोधस्तासामजायत।॥
English: Then was pride generated in men which is so destructive of virtue. From pride originated arrogance, and from arrogance originated anger.
Sanskrit: ततः क्रोधाभिभूतानां वृत्तं लज्जासमन्वितम्। ह्रीश्चैवाप्यनशद् राजंस्ततो मोहो व्यजायत॥
English: When men thus became overwhelmed with anger, modesty and shame disappeared from them, and then they were possessed by carelessness.
Sanskrit: ततो मोहपरीतास्ता नापश्यन्त यथा पुरा। परस्परावमर्दैन वर्धयन्त्यो यथासुखम्॥
English: Afflicted by carelessness, they could no longer see as before, and as the consequence thereof they began to assail one another and thereby gain riches without any compunction.
Sanskrit: ताः प्राप्य तु स धिग्दण्डो न कारणमतोऽभवत्। ततोऽभ्यगच्छन् देवांश्च ब्राह्मणांश्चावमन्य ह॥
English: When men became such, the punishment of mere depreciation on transgressors could produce no effect. Men, showing no respect of either the gods or Brahmanas, began to indulge their senses to their fill.
Sanskrit: एतस्मिन्नेव काले तु देवा देववरं शिवम्। अगच्छन् शरणं धीरं बहुरूपं गुणाधिकम्॥
English: At that time the gods repaired to that foremost of god, viz., Shiva, possessed of patience of multiform aspect and endued with the foremost of qualities and sought his protection.
Sanskrit: तेन स्म ते गगनगाः सपुराः पातिताः क्षितौ। विधाप्येकेन बाणेन देवाप्यायिततेजसा॥
English: The gods gave him their conjoined energy, and thereupon the great god, with a single arrow killed on the Earth those three Asuras, viz., Desire, Anger, and Cupidity, who were staying in the sky, along with their very dwellers.
Sanskrit: तेषामधिपतिस्त्वासीद् भीमो भीमपराक्रमः। देवतानां भयकरः स हतः शूलपाणिना॥
English: The dreadful king those Asuras, endued with terrific prowess, who had struck the gods with terror, was also killed by Mahadeva armed with the lance.
Sanskrit: तस्मिन् हतेऽथ स्वं भावं प्रत्यपद्यन्त मानवाः। प्रापद्यन्त च वेदान् वै शास्त्राणि च यथा पुरा॥
English: When this king of the Asuras was killed men once more gained their proper natures, and once more began to study the Vedas and the other scriptures as in days of yore.
Sanskrit: ततोऽभिषिच्य राज्येन देवानां दिवि वासवम्। सप्तर्षयश्चान्वयुञ्जन् नराणां दण्डधारणे॥
English: Then the seven ancient Rishis came forward and installed Vasava as the king of the gods and the ruler of heaven. And they took upon themselves the task of holding the rod of punishment over mankind.
Sanskrit: सप्तर्षीणामथोर्ध्वं च विपृथु म पार्थिवः। राजानः क्षत्रियाश्चैव मण्डलेषु पृथक् पृथक्॥
English: After the seven Rishis came king Viprithu and many other kings, all belonging to the Kshatriya order for separately ruling separate classes of human beings.
Sanskrit: महाकुलेषु ये जाता वृद्धाः पूर्वतराश्च ये। तेषामप्यासुरो भावो हृदयान्नापसर्पति॥
English: There were, in those ancient times, certain clderly men from whose minds all wicked feelings did not disappear.
Sanskrit: तस्मात् तेनैव भावेन सानुषङ्गेण पार्थिवाः। आसुराण्येव कर्माणि न्यसेवन भीमविक्रमाः॥
English: Hence, on account of that wicked state of their minds and of those incidents connected with it, there appeared many kings of dreadful prowess who began to perform only such acts as were fit for Asuras.
Sanskrit: प्रत्यतिष्ठंश्च तेष्वेव तान्येव स्थापयन्त्यपि। भजन्ते तानि चाद्यापि ये बालिशतरा नराः॥
English: Those human beings, who are very foolish follow those wicked acts, establish them as authorities, and practise them to this day.
Sanskrit: तस्मादहं ब्रवीमि त्वां राजन् संचिन्त्य शास्त्रतः। संसिद्धाधिगमं कुर्यात् कर्म हिंसात्मकं त्यजेत्॥
English: Therefore, O king, I say, you, have reflected properly with the help of the scriptures, that one should avoid all acts that are fraught with injury or malice and try to acquire a knowledge of the Soul.
Sanskrit: न संकरेण द्रविणं प्रचिन्वीयाद् विचक्षणः। धर्मार्थं न्यायमुत्सृज्य न तत् कल्याणमुच्यते॥
English: The man endued with wisdom would not seek riches for the performance of religions rites by unfair and immoral ways. Wealth aquired by such means can never yield benefits.
Sanskrit: स त्वमेवंविधो दान्तः क्षत्रिय: प्रियबान्धवः। प्रजा भृत्यांश्च पुत्रांश्च स्वधर्मेणानुपालय॥
English: Do you, then, become a Kshatriya of this kind! Do you restrain your senses, be kind to your friends, and cherish, according to the duties of your order, your subjects, servants, and children.
Sanskrit: इष्टानिष्टसमायोगे वैरं सौहार्दमेव च। अथ जातिसहस्राणि बहूनि परिवर्तते॥
English: Through the union of both prosperity and adversity, there arise friendships and enmities. Thousands and thousands of existences are continually revolving, and in every mode of individual Soul's existence these must take place.
Sanskrit: तस्माद् गुणेषु रज्येथा मा दोषेषु कथंचन। निर्गुणोऽपि हि दुर्बुद्धिरात्मन: सोऽतिरज्यते॥
English: Therefore, be attached to good qualities of every sort, but never to faults. Such is the nature of good qualities that if the most foolish person, shorn of every virtue, hears himself praised for any good quality, he becomes filled with joy.
Sanskrit: मानुषेषु महाराज धर्माधर्मो प्रवर्ततः। न तथान्येषु भूतेषु मनुष्यरहितेष्विह॥
English: Virtue and sin exist, O king, only among men. These do not exist among other creatures.
Sanskrit: धर्मशीलो नरो विद्वानीहकोऽनीहकोऽपि वा। आत्मभूतः सदा लोके चरेद् भूतान्यहिंसया॥
English: One should, therefore, whether in need of food and other necessaries of life or above such need, be of virtuous disposition, acquire knowledge, always consider all creatures as his own self, and abstain totally from inflicting any kind of injury.
Sanskrit: यदा व्यपेतहल्लेखं मनो भवति तस्य वै। नानृतं चैव भवत तदा कल्याणपृच्छति॥
English: When one's mind becomes shorn of desire, and when all Darkness is removed from it, it is then that one acquires what is auspicious.
Sanskrit: पराशर उवाच एष धर्मविधिस्तात गृहस्थस्य प्रकीर्तितः। तपोविधिं तु वक्ष्यामि तन्मे निगदतः शृणु॥
English: Parashara said I have now described to you the ordained duties of a householder. I shall now describe to you the ordinances about penances. Hear me as I describe that subject.
Sanskrit: प्रायेण च गृहस्थस्य ममत्वं नाम जायते। सङ्गागतं नरश्रेष्ठ भावै राजसतामसैः॥
English: It is generally seen, O king. that on account of sentiments fraught with Darkness and Ignorance, the senses of mine begotten by attachment, originates in the heart of householder.
Sanskrit: गृहाण्याश्रित्य गावश्च क्षेत्राणि च धनानि च। दाराः पुत्राश्च भृत्याश्च भवन्तीह नरस्य वै॥
English: Becoming a householder, one acquires kine, fields, wealth of diverse sorts, wives, children, and servants.
Sanskrit: एवं तस्य प्रवृत्तस्य नित्यमेवानुपश्यतः। रागद्वेषौ विवर्धेते ह्यनित्यत्वमपश्यतः॥
English: One who follows this mode of life continually casts his eye upon these objects. Under these circumstances, one's attachments and aversions multiply, and one ceases to consider unreal possessions as eternal and indestructible.
Sanskrit: रागद्वेषाभिभूतं च नरं द्रव्यवशानुगम्। मोहजाता रतिर्नाम समुपैति नराधिप॥
English: When a person becomes possessed by attachment and aversion, and gives way to the control of worldly objects, the desire of enjoyment then seizes him, originating from carelessness, O king.
Sanskrit: कृतार्थं भोगिनं मत्वा सर्वो रतिपरायणः। लाभं ग्राम्यसुखादन्यं रतितो नानुपश्यति॥
English: Considering that person as blessed who has the largest share of enjoyments in this world, the man devoted to enjoyment does not, on account of his attachment thereto, see that there is any other happiness save what depends upon the gratification of the senses.
Sanskrit: ततो लोभाभिभूतात्मा संगाद् वर्धयते जनम्। पुष्ट्यर्थं चैव तस्येह जनस्यार्थं चिकीर्षति॥
English: Overwhelmed with cupidity that originates from such attachment, he then tries to multiply the number of his relatives and attendants, and for pleasing these latter he tries to increase his wealth by every means in his power.
Sanskrit: स जानन्नपि चाकार्यमर्थार्यं सेवते नरः। बालस्नेहपरीतात्मा तत्क्षयाच्चानुतप्यते॥
English: Filled with affection for children, such a person then commits, for the sake of acquiring riches, evil deeds, and yields to grief if his wealth belost.
Sanskrit: ततो मानेन सम्पन्नो रक्षन्नात्मपराजयम्। करोति येन भोगी स्यामिति तस्माद् विनश्यति॥
English: Having acquired honours and always guarding against the defeat of his plans, he follows such means as would satisfy his desire of enjoyment. At last he meets with destruction as the inevitable result of the conduct he follows.
Sanskrit: तथा हि बुद्धियुक्तानां शाश्वतं ब्रह्मवादिनाम्। अन्विच्छतां शुभं कर्म नराणां त्यजतां सुखम्॥
English: It is well known, however, that true happiness is theirs who are endued with intelligence, who are Brahmavadins, who try to perform only auspicious and beneficial acts, and who abstain from all acts which are optional and originate from desire only.
Sanskrit: स्नेहायतननाशाच्च धननाशाच्च पार्थिव। आधिव्याधिप्रतापाच्च निर्वेदमुपगच्छति॥
English: From loss of all such objects in which are centred our affections, from loss of riches, O king, and from the oppression of physical diseases and mental anguish a person falls into despair.
Sanskrit: मिर्वेदादात्मसम्बोधः सम्बोधाच्छास्त्रदर्शनम्। शास्त्रार्थदर्शनाद् राजस्तप एवानुपश्यति॥
English: From this despair originates an awakening of the soul. From such an awakening proceeds study of the Scriptures. From contemplation of the meaning of the Scriptures, O king, one sees the value of penance.
Sanskrit: दुर्लभो हि मनुष्येन्द्र नरः प्रत्यवमर्शवान्। यो वै प्रियसुखे क्षीणे तपः कर्तुं व्यवस्यति॥
English: A person endued with the knowledge of what is essential and what accidental, O king, is very rare,-a man who tries to practise penances, under the conviction that the happiness one enjoys from the possession of such agreeable objects as wives and children brings on ultimately misery.
Sanskrit: तपः सर्वगतं तात हीनस्यापि विधीयते। जितेन्द्रियस्य दान्तस्य स्वर्गमार्गप्रवर्तकम्॥
English: Penances, O child, are for all. They are ordained for even the lowest order of men, Penances lead the self-controlled man who has mastered all his senses to the way to heaven.
Sanskrit: प्रजापतिः प्रजाः पूर्वमसृजत् तपसा विभुः। क्वचित् क्वचिद् ब्रह्मपरो व्रतान्यास्थाय पार्थिव॥
English: It was through penances that the powerful Lord of all creatures, O king, practising vows at particular intervals, created all existent objects.
Sanskrit: आदित्या वसवो रुद्रास्तथैवाग्न्यश्विमारुताः। विश्वेदेवास्तथा साध्याः पितरोऽथ मरुद्गणाः॥ यक्षराक्षसगन्धर्वाः सिद्धाश्चान्ये दिवौकसः। संसिद्धास्तपसा तात ये चान्ये स्वर्गवासिनः॥
English: The Aditya's, the Vasus, the Rudras, Agni, the Ashvins, the Maruts, the Vishvedevas, the Saddhyas, the Pitris, the Maruts, the Yakshas, the Rakshasas, the Gandharvas, the Siddhas and the other Inhabitants of heaven, and indeed, all other celestials whatever, O child, have all become successful through their penances.
Sanskrit: ये चादौ ब्राह्मणाः सृष्टा ब्रह्मणा तपसा पुरा। ते भावयन्तः पृथिवीं विचरन्ति दिवं तथा॥
English: Those Brahmanas whom Brahman created at the beginning, succeeded through their penances in honouring not the Earth alone but the heaven also in which they moved about at pleasure.
Sanskrit: मर्त्यलोके च राजानो ये चान्ये गृहमेधिनः। महाकुलेषु दृश्यन्ते तत् सर्वं तपसः फलम्॥
English: In this world of men, they who are kings and those others who are householders born in high families, have all become what they are on account of their penances.,
Sanskrit: कौशिकानि च वस्त्राणि शुभान्याभरणानि च। वाहनासनपानानि तत् सर्वं तपसः फलम्॥
English: The silken dresses they put on the excellent ornaments that decorate their persons, the animals and vehicles they ride, and the seats they use are all the outcome of their penances.
Sanskrit: मनोऽनुकूलाः प्रमदा रूपवत्यः सहस्रशः। वासः प्रासादपृष्ठे च तत् सर्वं तपसः फलम्॥
English: Thousands of many charming and beautiful damsels, that they enjoy, and their residence in palaces, are all on account of their penances.
Sanskrit: शयनानि च मुख्यानि भोज्यानि विविधानि च। अभिप्रेतानि सर्वाणि भवन्ति शुभकर्मिणाम्॥
English: The righteous persons enjoy various sorts of costly beds and sweet viands,
Sanskrit: नाप्राप्यं तपसः किंचित् त्रैलोक्येऽपि परंतप। उपभोगपरित्यागः फलान्यकृतकर्मणाम्॥
English: There is nothing in the three worlds, O scorcher of enemies, that penances cannot bring in. Even those who are shorn of true knowledge acquire Renunciation through their penances.
Sanskrit: सुखितो दुःखितो वापि नरो लाभं परित्यजेत्। अवेक्ष्य मनसा शास्त्रं बुद्ध्या च नृपसत्तम॥
English: Whether in rich circumstances or miserable, a person should renounce cupidity, meditating on the scriptures, with the help of his mind and understanding, O best of kings.
Sanskrit: असंतोषोऽसुखायेति लोभादिन्द्रियसम्भ्रमः। ततोऽस्य नश्यति प्रज्ञा विद्येवाभ्यासवर्जिता।॥
English: Discontent produces misery. Cupidity brings on stupefaction of the senses. The senses being stupefied, one's wisdom is lost like knowledge not kept up by continued application.
Sanskrit: नष्टप्रज्ञो यदा तु स्यात् तदा न्यायं न पश्यति। तस्मात् सुखक्षये प्राप्ते पुमानुग्रं तपश्चरेत्॥
English: When one's wisdom is lost, he cannot discriminate what is proper from what is improper. Hence, when one's happiness is destroyed he should practise the austerest of penances.
Sanskrit: यदिष्टं तत् सुखं प्राहुद्देष्यं दुःखमिहेष्यते। कृताकृतस्य तपस: फलं पश्यस्व यादृशम्॥
English: Wheat is agreeable is called happiness. What is disagreeable is called misery. Happiness is the outcome of penances practisted. When they are not practised, the outcome is misery. See the fruits of practising and abstaining from penances.
Sanskrit: नित्यं भद्राणि पश्यन्ति विषयांश्चोपभुञ्जते।। प्राकाश्यं चैव गच्छन्ति कृत्वा निष्कल्मषं तपः॥
English: By practising pure penances, people always enjoy auspicious consequences of every sort, enjoy all good things, and acquire great fame.
Sanskrit: अप्रियाण्यवमानांश्च दुःखं बहुविधात्मकम्। फलार्थी तत्फलं त्यक्त्वा प्राप्नोति विषयात्मकम्॥
English: He, however, who, by abandoning (pure penances), undertakes penances from desire of fruit, suffers from many disagreeable consequences, and disgrace and sorrow of all sorts, as the fruits thereof, all of which originate from worldly possessions.
Sanskrit: धर्मे तपसि दाने च विचिकित्सास्य जायते। स कृत्वा पापकान्येव निरयं प्रतिपद्यते॥
English: Despite the desirability of practising virtue, penances, and gifts, the desire for doing all sorts of forbidden acts originates in his mind. By thus perpetrating various sorts of sinful deeds, he goes to hell.
Sanskrit: सुखे तु वर्तमानो वै दुःखे वापि नरोत्तमा सुवृत्ताद् यो न चलते शास्त्रचक्षुः स मानवः॥
English: That person, O best of men, who, in both happiness and misery, does deviate from the duties ordained for him, is said to have the scriptures for his eye.
Sanskrit: इषुप्रपातमात्रं हि स्पर्शयोगे रतिः स्मृता। रसने दर्शने घ्राणे श्रवणे च विशाम्पते।॥
English: It is said that the pleasure one gets from the gratification of his senses of touch, tongue, sight, smell, and hearing, O king, lasts only so long as an arrow shot off the bow takes in falling down upon the Earth.
Sanskrit: ततोऽस्य जायते तीव्रा वेदना तक्षयात् पुनः। अबुधा न प्रशंसन्ति मोक्षं सुखमनुत्तमम्॥
English: Upon the termination of the pleasure, which is fickle, on suffers the most acute pain. It is only the senseless that do not speak highly of happiness of Liberation which is peerless.
Sanskrit: ततः फलार्थं सर्वस्य भवन्ति ज्यायसे गुणाः। धर्मवृत्त्या च सततं कामार्थाभ्यां न हीयते॥
English: Seeing the misery consequent upon the gratification of the senses, the wise cultivate the virtues of tranquillity and self-control for the purpose of acquiring Liberation. On account of righteous conduct, riches and pleasure can never succeed in afflicting them.
Sanskrit: अप्रयत्नागताः सेव्या गृहस्थैविषयाः सदा। प्रयत्नेनोपगम्यश्च स्वधर्म इति मे मतिः॥
English: Householders may, without any compunction, enjoy riches and other possessions which are acquired with Exertion. About the duties of their order, I think, they should satisfy them with the help of Exertion.
Sanskrit: मानिनां कुलजातानां नित्यं शास्त्रार्थचक्षुषाम्। क्रियाधर्मविमुक्तानामशक्त्या संवृतात्मनाम्॥
English: The practice of those who are honoured, who are born in high families, and who have their eyes always turned towards the meaning of the Scriptures, is incapable of being followed by those who are sinful and who have uncontrolled minds.
Sanskrit: क्रियमाणं यदा कर्म नाशं गच्छति मानुषम्। तेषां नान्यदृते लोके तपसः कर्म विद्यते॥
English: All acts that are done by man under the influence of pride, meet with destruction. Therefore, there is no other act, for the respectable and the truly righteous, in this world to do than penance.
Sanskrit: सर्वात्मनानुकुर्वीत गृहस्थः कर्मनिश्चयम्। दाक्ष्येण हव्यकव्यार्थं स्वधर्मे विचरन् नृप।॥
English: As regards, those householders, however, who are addicted to acts, they should, with their whole hearts, perform acts. Following the duties of their order, O king, they should with diligence and assiduity celebrate sacrifices and other religious rites.
Sanskrit: यथा नदीनदाः सर्वे सागरे यान्ति संस्थितम्। एवमाश्रमिणः सर्वे गृहस्थे यान्ति संस्थितिम्॥
English: Indeed, as all rivers, male and female, go in the end to the Ocean, so men belonging to all the other orders have the householders for their refuge.
Sanskrit: जनक उवाच वर्णो विशेषवर्णानां महर्षे केन जायते। एतदिच्छाम्यहं ज्ञातुं तद् ब्रूहि वदतां वरा॥
English: Janaka said Whence, O great Rishi, does this difference of colour arise among men of the different orders? I wish to know this. Tell me this, O foreinost of speakers.
Sanskrit: यदेतज्जायतेऽपत्यं स एवायमिति श्रुतिः। कथं ब्राह्मणतो जातो विशेषग्रहणं गतः॥
English: The Shrutis say that the offspring one begets is his own self. Originally sprung from Brahman, all the inhabitants of the Earth should have been Brahmanas. Sprung from Brahmanas, why have men begun to perform works distinguished from those of Brahmanas.
Sanskrit: पराशर उवाच एवमेतन्महाराज येन जातः स एव सः। तपसस्त्वपकर्षेण जातिग्रहणतां गतः॥ सुक्षेत्राच्च सुबीजाच्च पुण्यो भवति सम्भवः। अतोऽन्यतरतो हीनादवरो नाम जायते॥
English: Parashara said It is as you say, O king! The offspring begotten by one is none else than the begetter himself. Because men have deviated from penance, this distribution into classes of different colours has taken place. When the soil and the seed is good, the offspring produced become meritorious. If, however, the soil and seed are inferior, the offspring that will be born will be inferior.
Sanskrit: वक्त्राद् भुजाभ्यामूरुभ्यां पद्भ्यां चैवाथ जज्ञिरे। सृजतः प्रजापतेर्लोकानिति धर्मविदो विदुः॥
English: Persons well read in the scriptures know that when the Lord of all creatures began to create the worlds, some creatures originated from his mouth, some from his arms, some from his thighs, and some from his feet.
Sanskrit: मुखजा ब्राह्मणास्तात बाहुजाः क्षत्रियाः स्मृताः। उरुजा धनिनो राजन् पादजाः परिचारकाः॥
English: Those who came out of his mouth, O child, were called Brahmanas. Those who originated from his arms were called Kshatriyas. Those, O king, sprang from his thighs, and some from his feet.
Sanskrit: चतुर्णामेव वर्णानामागमः पुरुषर्षभ। अतोऽन्ये त्वतिरिक्ता ये ते वै संकरजाः स्मृताः॥
English: Only these four orders of men, O king, were thus created. They who belong to classes besides these are said to have originated from an intermixture of these.
Sanskrit: क्षत्रियातिरथाम्बष्ठा उग्रा वैदेहकास्तथा। श्वपाकाः पुल्कसाः स्तेना निषादाः सूतमागधाः॥ अयोगाः करणा व्रात्याश्चाण्डालाच नराधिप। एते चतुर्थ्यो वर्णेभ्यो जायन्ते वै परस्परात्॥
English: The Kshatriyas called Atirathas, Amvashthas, Ugras, Vaidehas, Shvapakas, Pukasas, Stenas, Nishadas, Sutas, and Chandalas, O monarch, have all originated form the four original castes by intermixture with one another.
Sanskrit: जनक उवाच ब्रह्मणैकेन जातानां नानात्वं गोत्रतः कथम्। बहूनीह हि लोके वै गोत्राणि मुनिसत्तम॥
English: Janka said When all have originated from Brahman alone, how did human beings become divergent of race? O best of ascetics, numberless diversity of races is seen in this world.
Sanskrit: यत्र तत्र कथं जाताः स्वयोनि मुनयो गताः। शुद्धयोनौ समुत्पन्ना वियोनौ च तथा परे॥
English: How could, men devoted to penances acquire the dignity of Brahmanas, though of indiscriminate origin? Indeed, those born in pure wombs and those in impure, all became Brahmanas.
Sanskrit: पराशर उवाच राजन्नेतद् भवेद् ग्राह्यमपकृष्टेन जन्मना। महात्मनां समुत्पत्तिस्तपसा भावितात्मनाम्॥
English: O king, that status of great persons who succeeded in purifying their souls by penances could not be regarded as affected by their low births.
Sanskrit: उत्पाद्य पुत्रान् मुनयो नृपते यत्र तत्र ह। स्वेनैव तपसा तेषामृषित्वं विदधुः पुनः॥
English: Great Rishi, O monarch, by begetting children in indiscriminate wombs, gave them the dignity of Rishis by means of their power of asceticism.
Sanskrit: पितामहश्च मे पूर्वमृष्यशृङ्गश्च काश्यपः। वेदस्ताण्ड्यः कृपश्चैव कक्षीवान् कमठादयः॥ यवक्रीतश्च नृपते द्रोणच वदतां वरः। आयुर्मतङ्गो दत्तश्च दुपदो मत्स्य एव च॥ एते स्वां प्रकृति प्राप्ता वैदेह तपसोऽऽश्रयात्। प्रतिष्ठिता वेदविदो दमेन तपसैव हि॥
English: My grandfather Vashishtha, Rishyashringa, Kashyapa, Veda, Tandya, Kripa, Kakshivat, Kamatha, and others, and Yavakrita, O king, and Drona, that foremost of speakers, and Ayu, and Matanga and Datta, and Drupada, and Matsya-all these, O king of the Videhas, gained their respective positions through penance as the means.
Sanskrit: मूलगोत्राणि चत्वारि समुत्पन्नानि पार्थिव। अङ्गिराः कश्यपश्चैव वसिष्ठो भृगुरेव च॥
English: Originally only four families arose, O king viz., Angiras, Kashyapa, Vashishtha and Bhrigu.
Sanskrit: कर्मतोऽन्यानि गोत्राणि समुत्पन्नानि पार्थिव। नामधेयानि तपसा तानि च ग्रहणं सताम्॥
English: On account of acts and behaviour, O king, many other families came into existence in time. The names of those families have originated from the penances of those who have founded them. Good people use them.
Sanskrit: जनक उवाच विशेषधर्मान् वर्णानां प्रबूहि भगवन् मम। ततः सामान्यधर्माश्च सर्वत्र कुशलो ह्यसि॥
English: Janaka said Tell me, O holy one, the especial duties of the several castes. Tell me also with their common duties are. You know everything.
Sanskrit: पराशर उवाच प्रतिग्रहो याजनं च तथैवाध्यापनं नृप। विशेषधर्मा विप्राणां रक्षा क्षत्रस्य शोभना॥
English: Parashara said Taking gifts, officiating at the sacrifices of others, the teaching of pupils, O king, are the especial duties of the Brahmanas. The protection of the other castes is the special duty of the Kshatriya.
Sanskrit: कृषिश्च पाशुपाल्यं च वाणिज्यं च विशामपि। द्विजानां परिचर्या च शूद्रकर्म नराधिप॥
English: Agriculture, cattle-tending, and trade are the duties, of the Vaishyas. While service of the (three) twice-born classes is the duty, 0 king, of the Shudras.
Sanskrit: विशेषधर्मा नृपते वर्णानां परिकीर्तिताः। धर्मान् साधारणांस्तात विस्तरेण शृणुष्व मे॥
English: I have now told you what the especial duties are of the four castes, O king. Hear, now, O child as I tell you what the common duties are of all the four castes.
Sanskrit: आनृशंस्यमहिंसा चाप्रमादः संविभागिता। श्राद्धकर्मातिथेयं च सत्यमक्रोध एव च॥ स्वेषु दारेषु संतोषः शौचं नित्यानसूयता। आत्मज्ञानं तितिक्षा च धर्माः साधारणा नृप॥
English: Compassion, abstention from injury, carefulness, giving to others what is due to them, Shraddhas in honour of departed manes, hospitality to guests, truthfulness, subjugation of anger, contentedness with one's own married wives, purity, freedom from malice, knowledge of Self, and Renunciation,-these duties, O king are common to all the castes.
Sanskrit: ब्राह्मणा: क्षत्रिया वैश्यास्त्रयो वर्णा द्विजातयः। अत्र तेषामधीकारो धर्मेषु द्विपदां वर॥
English: Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas,these are the three twice-born orders, They have all an equal right to the performance of these dutics, O foremost of men.
Sanskrit: विकर्मावस्थिता वर्णाः पतन्ते नृपते त्रयः। उन्नमन्ति यथासन्तमाश्रित्येह स्वकर्मसु॥
English: These three castes following the duties Other than those sanctioned for them, suffer indignity, O king, as they go up and acquire great merit by taking for their model some righteous individual of their respective classes who duly satisfies his own duties.