pari-kulkarni/itihasa-sanskrit-en-filtered huggingface dataset:
Sanskrit: भवन्ति चात्र श्लोकाः-अतिथिर्यस्य भग्नाशो गृहात् प्रतिनिवर्तते। स दत्त्वा दुष्कृतं तस्मै पुण्यमादाय गच्छति॥
English: There is a verse on this subject. If a guest goes away from a house with expectations not fulfilled, he is supposed to take away the merits of the householder and transfer to the latter all his sins.
Sanskrit: अपि चात्र यज्ञक्रियाभिर्देवताः प्रीयन्ते। निवापेन पितरो विद्याभ्यासश्रवणधारणेन ऋषयः। अपत्योत्पादनेन प्रजापतिरिति॥
English: Then again in the domestic mode of life the gods are propitiated by sacrifices and other religious rites : the departed manes by the performances of obsequial rites; the Rishis by the study of the Vedas, by listening to the instructions of preceptors, and by getting by heart the scriptures, and lastly the Creator by begetting children.
Sanskrit: श्लोकौ चात्र भवतः-वात्सल्यात्सर्वभूतेभ्यो वाच्याः श्रोत्रसुखा गिरः। परितापोपघातश्च पारुष्यं चात्र गर्हितम्॥
English: There are two verses on this subject. One following this mode of life, should address all creatures with words of affection, and pleasant to the cars. To give pain, to inflict tortures, and use harsh words, are all censurable.
Sanskrit: अवज्ञानमहंकारो दम्भश्चैव विगर्हितः। अहिंसा सत्यमक्रोधः सर्वाश्रमगतं तपः॥
English: Insult, pride, and, deceit, also should be avoided. Abstention from injury, truth, and absence of anger, yield the merit of penances in all the modes of life.
Sanskrit: अपि चात्र माल्याभरणवस्त्राभ्यङ्गनित्योपभोगनृत्यगीतवादित्रश्रुतिसुखनयना-भिरामदशनानां प्राप्तिर्भक्ष्यभोज्यलेह्यपेयचोष्याणामभ्यवहार्याणां विविधानामुपभोगः। स्वविहारसंतोष: कामसुखावाप्तिरिति॥
English: These are allowed in a house-holders life, viz.., the use and enjoyment of garlands, ornaments, dresses, perfumed oils and scents, enjoyment of pleasures accruing froin dancing and music both vocal and instrumental, and all pleasant sights and scenes; the enjoyment of various kinds of foods and drinks belonging to best kinds of edibles, viz., those that are swallowed, those that are sucked; and the enjoyment of pleasures derivable from sports and all sorts of amusement and the gratification of desires.
Sanskrit: त्रिवर्गगुणनिर्वृत्तिर्यस्य नित्यं गृहाश्रमे। स सुखान्यनुभूयेह शिष्टानां गतिमाप्नुयात्॥
English: That men who following this mode of life seeks to acquire the three-fold objects of life (viz., Religion, Profit, and Pleasure, as well as Emancipation,-the great end of the three qualities of Goodness, Darkness and Ignorance, enjoys grcat happiness in this world and at last attains to the end reserved for virtuous and good persons.
Sanskrit: उञ्छवृत्तिर्गृहस्थो यः स्वधर्माचरणे रतः। त्यक्तकामसुखारम्भः स्वर्गस्तस्य न दुर्लभः॥
English: Even that householder who satisfies the duties of his life by following the practice of picking up fallen grains of corn from the lines of fields and who gives up sensual pleasure and attachment to action, does not find it difficult to acquire heaven.
Sanskrit: यस्त्वेतां नियतश्चर्यां ब्रह्मर्षिविहितां चरेत्। स देहदग्निवद्दोषान् जयेल्लोकांश्च दुर्जयान्॥
English: That person who, with controlled soul, follows such duties originally laid down by regenerate Rishis, consumes all his sins like fire and acquires blissful regions for themselves which are so difficult of attaining.
Sanskrit: भवति चात्र श्लोकः-अभयं सर्वभूतेभ्यो दत्त्वा यश्चरते मुनिः। न तस्य सर्वभूतेभ्यो भयमुत्पद्यते क्वचित्॥
English: There are some verses on this subject-that person who, observing the vow of silence roams without giving any creature cause of fear, is never filled with any fear himself by any creature.
Sanskrit: कृत्वाग्निहोत्रं स्वशरीरसंस्थं शारीरमग्निं स्वमुखे जुहोति। श्चिताग्निनां स व्रजते हि लोकम्॥
English: That learned person who performs the Agnihotra with the help of the fire that is in his own body, who pours libations into his own body,-acquires endless blissful regions on account of that fire having been fed with such libations acquired by a life of mendicancy.
Sanskrit: मोक्षाश्रमं यश्चरते यथोक्तं शुचिः सुसंकल्पितमुक्तबुद्धिः। अनिन्धनं ज्योतिरिव प्रशान्तं स ब्रह्मलोकं श्रयते मनुष्यः॥
English: That twice-born person who observes in the aforesaid way this mode of life having Liberation for its end, with a pure heart and understanding, attains to Brahma after the manner of tranquil ray of light that is not fed by any burning fuel.
Sanskrit: भरद्वाज उवाच अस्माल्लोकात् परो लोकः श्रूयते नोपलभ्यते। तमहं ज्ञातुमिच्छामि तद् भवान् वक्तुमर्हति॥
English: Bharadwaja said Beyond this region there is a region of which we have heard but never seen. I wish to know all about it. You should describe it to me.
Sanskrit: भृगुरुवाच उत्तरे हिमवत्पार्वे पुण्ये सर्वगुणान्विते। पुण्यः क्षेभ्यश्च काम्यश्च स परो लोक उच्यते॥
English: Bhrigu said Towards the north on the other a side of Himvat, which is sacred and full of merit, there is a sacred, blessed, and highly desirable region. That is called the other world.
Sanskrit: तत्र ह्यपापकर्माणः शुचयोऽत्यन्तनिर्मला:। लोभमोहपरित्यक्ता मानवा निरुपद्रवाः॥
English: The men who dwell in that region are righteous in act, pious, of pure hearts, freed from cupidity and errors of judgement, and not subject to iniseries of any sort.
Sanskrit: स स्वर्गसदृशो देशस्तत्र ह्युक्ताः शुभा गुणाः। काले मृत्युः प्रभवति स्पृशन्ति व्याधयो न च॥
English: That region is, equal to heaven, possessed of excellent attributes. Death comes there at the proper time. Diseases never attack the inhabitants.
Sanskrit: न लोभः परदारेषु स्वदारनिरतो जनः। नान्योन्यं बध्यते तत्र द्रव्येषु च न विस्मयः। परो ह्यधर्मो नैवास्ति संदेहो नापि जायते॥
English: Nobody looks for the wives of other people. Every one is devoted to his own wife. These people do not assail or kill one another, or covet one another's things. There is no sin or doubt.
Sanskrit: कृतस्य तु फलं तत्र प्रत्यक्षमुपलभ्यते। पानासनाशनोपेताः प्रासादभवनाश्रयाः॥
English: There the fruits of all sacred rites are visible. There some enjoy seats and best sorts of drinks and food, and live within palaces and mansions.
Sanskrit: सर्वकामैर्वृताः केचिद्धेमाभरणभूषिताः। प्राणधारणमात्रं तु केषांचिदुपपद्यते। श्रमेण महता केचित् कुर्वन्ति प्राणधारणम्॥
English: There some, bedecked with ornaments of gold, surround themselves every article of enjoyment. There are again, some that eat very sparingly for only keeping body and soul together.
Sanskrit: इह धर्मपराः केचित् केचिन्नैकृतिका नराः। सुखिता दुःखितः केचिन्निर्धना धनिनोऽपरे॥
English: There some, with great exertion, try to suppress the vital airs. Here some men and devoted to righteousness, and some addicted to deceit. Some are happy and some wretched; some are poor and some, rich.
Sanskrit: इह श्रमो भयं मोहः क्षुधा तीव्रा च जायते। लोभश्चार्थकृतो नृणां येन मुह्यन्त्यपण्डिताः॥
English: Here are to be found exhaustion, and fear, and delusion and painful hunger. here cupidity for wealth is also seen, a passion that stupefies even the learned.
Sanskrit: इह वार्ता बहुविधा धर्माधर्मस्य कारिणः। यस्तद्वेदोभयं प्राज्ञः पाप्मना न स लिप्यते॥
English: Here various opinions are advanced by those who do virtuous or sinful deeds. That wise man who knows all those opinions which may be divided into two sorts, is never sullied by sin.
Sanskrit: सोपधं निकृतिः स्तेयं परीवादो ह्यसूयिता। परोपघातो हिंसा च पैशुन्यमनृतं तथा॥ एतानासेवते यस्तु तपस्तस्य प्रहीयते। यस्त्वेतान् नाचरेद् विद्वांस्तपस्तस्य प्रवर्धते॥
English: Deceit with fraud, theft, slander malice, oppression, injury, treachery, and untruth, are vices which destroy the merit of one's penances. A learned man however, who avoids them, find the merit of his penances multiplied.
Sanskrit: इह चिन्ता बहुविधा धर्माधर्मस्य कर्मणः। कर्मभूमिरियं लोके इह कृत्वा शुभाशुभम्। शुभैः शुभमवाप्नोति तथाशुभमथान्यथा॥
English: Here there is much thought about fair and sinful acts. This region where we live is the field of action. One reaps the fruits of his actions, according to thelife he has led.
Sanskrit: इह प्रजापतिः पूर्वं देवाः सर्षिगणास्तथा। इष्टदेवतपसः पूता ब्रह्मलोकमुपाश्रिताः॥
English: Here, in days of yore, the very Creator and all the gods having performed proper penances, with the Rishis became cleansed and attained to Brahma.
Sanskrit: उत्तरः पृथिवीभाग: सर्वपुण्यतमः शुभः। इहस्थास्तत्र जायन्ते ये वै पुण्यकृतो जनाः॥ असत्कर्माणि कुर्वन्तस्तिर्यग्योनिषु चापरे। क्षीणायुषस्तथा चान्ये नश्यन्ति पृथिवीतले॥
English: The northern port of the Earth is highly auspicious and sacred. People of our region who perform fair deeds or show regard for Yoga, are born in that region. Others are born in the intermediate species. Some again, when their lease of life run out, become lost on Earth.
Sanskrit: अन्योन्यभक्षणासक्ता लोभमोहसमन्विताः। इहैव परिवर्तन्ते न ते यान्त्युत्तरां दिशम्॥
English: Engaged in feeding upon one another and sullied by cupidity and delusion, these men return to this very region without being able to go to that northern region.
Sanskrit: ये गुरून् पर्युपासन्ते नियता ब्रह्मचारिणः। पन्थानं सर्वलोकानां विजानन्ति मनीषिणः॥
English: Those wise men who with vows and observing Brahmacharya listen with reverence to the instructions of preceptors, can learn the ends reserved for all classes of men.
Sanskrit: इत्युक्तोऽयं मया धर्मः संक्षिप्तो ब्रह्मनिर्मितः। धर्माधर्मो हि लोकस्य यो वै वेत्ति स बुद्धिमान्॥
English: I have now described to you briefly the duties laid down by Brahman. He, indeed, in an intelligent men who knows what is righteousness and its opposite in this world.
Sanskrit: भीष्म उवाच इत्युक्तो भृगुणा राजन् भरद्वाजः प्रतापवान्। भृगुं परमधर्मात्मा विस्मितः प्रत्यपूजयत्॥
English: Bhishma said Thus, O king, did Bhrigu speak the highly energetic Bharadwaja. Of highly virtuous soul the latter became filled with wonder and adored the great sage with veneration.
Sanskrit: एष ते प्रसवो राजन् जगतः सम्प्रकीर्तितः। निखिलेन महाप्राज्ञ किं भूयः श्रोतुमिच्छसि॥
English: Thus, O king, the origin of the universe has been described fully to you. What, O you of great wisdom, do you wish to hear after this.'
Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर उवाच आचारस्य विधिं तात प्रोच्यमानं त्वयानघ। श्रोतुमिच्छामि धर्मज्ञ सर्वज्ञो ह्यसि मे मतः॥
English: I think, O grandfather, that you know everything. O you, who are conversant with duties, I wish to hear you describe to me, O sinless one, the ordinances about conduct.
Sanskrit: भीष्म उवाच दुराचारा दुर्विचेष्टा दुष्प्रज्ञाः प्रियसाहसाः। असंतस्विति विख्याताः संतश्चाचारलक्षणा:॥
English: Bhishma said Those are called wicked men who are of bad conduct, of bad acts, of wicked understanding, and great rashness, gusihed by purity of conduct and habit.
Sanskrit: पुरीषं यदि वा मूत्रं ये न कुर्वन्ति मानवाः। राजमार्गे गवां मध्ये धान्यमध्ये च ते शुभाः॥
English: They are good men who never answer calls of nature on the high roads, in cowpens, or in fields filled with paddy.
Sanskrit: शौचमावश्यकं कृत्वा देवतानां च तर्पणम्। धर्ममाहुर्मनुष्याणामुपस्पृश्य नदी तरेत्॥
English: One should, having finished the necessary rites, perform; his ablutions in river-water and gratify the gods with oblations of water. This is the duty of all men.
Sanskrit: सूर्यं सदोपतिष्ठेत न च सूर्योदये स्वपेत्। सायं प्रातर्जपेत् संध्यां तिष्ठन् पूर्वां तथेतराम्॥
English: The Sun-god should be always adored. One should not sleep after sunrise. Morning and evening the prayers, should be said, sitting with face turned towards the East and towards the West respectively.
Sanskrit: पञ्चाो भोजनं भुज्यात् प्राङ्मुखो मौनमास्थितः। न निन्द्यादन्नभक्ष्यांश्च स्वाद्वस्वादु च भक्षयेत्॥
English: One should, washing the five limbs, eal silently with face turned towards the East, One should never speak of the food which he is to eal. One should eat food which is good to the taste.
Sanskrit: आर्द्रपाणिः समुत्तिष्ठेन्नार्द्रपादः स्वपेन्निशि। देवर्षिर्नारदः प्राह एतदाचारलक्षणम्॥
English: One should, washing the five limbs, cat silently with face turned towards the East. One should never speak of the food which he is to cal. One should eat food which is good to the taste.
Sanskrit: शुचिं देशमनड्वाहं देवगोष्ठं चतुष्पथम्। ब्राह्मणं धार्मिकं चैन्य नित्यं कुर्यात् प्रदाक्षणम्॥
English: One should every day go round a sacred place, a bull, a sacred image, a cowpen, the crossing point of four roads, a pious Brahmana, and a sacred tree.
Sanskrit: अतिथीनां च सर्वेषां प्रेष्याणां स्वजनस्य च। सामान्यं भोजनं भृत्यैः पुरुषस्य प्रशस्यते॥
English: One should make no distinctions between his guests and servants and kinsmen in matters of food. To treat servants equally in this matter is highly spoken of.
Sanskrit: सायं प्रातर्मनुष्याणामशनं वेदनिर्मितम्। नान्तरा भोजनं दृष्टमुपवासी तथा भवेत्॥
English: Eating morning and evening is an ordinance of the gods. It is not sanctioned that one should eat at any intermediate period. He who cats according to this rule gains the merit of a fast.
Sanskrit: होमकाले तथा जुह्वनृतकाले तथा व्रजन्। अनन्यस्त्रीजनः प्राज्ञो ब्रह्मचारी तथा भवेत्॥
English: One should pour libations, at the hours fixed for Homa, on the sacred fire. Without wishing to know other people's wives, the wisc man who seeks his own wife in her season, acquires the merit of Brahmacharya.
Sanskrit: अमृतं ब्राह्मणोच्छिष्टं जनन्या हृदयं कृतम्। तज्जनाः पर्युपासन्ते सत्यं सन्तः समासते॥
English: The remnants of a Brahmana's food are like nectar. They are like the mother's milk. People highly value those remnants. The god, by cating them, attain to Brahma.
Sanskrit: लोष्टमदा तृणच्छेदो नखवादी तु यो नरः। नित्योच्छिष्टः शंकुशुको नेहायुर्विन्दते महत्॥
English: He who pounds turf to clay or he who cuts grass, or he who uses his nails only for taking food, or he who always lives on the residue of Brahinana's dishes, or he who acts, actuated by desire for reward, has not to live long in the world.
Sanskrit: यजुषा संस्कृतं मांसं निवृत्ता मांसभक्षणात्। न भक्षयेद् वृथामांसं पृष्ठमांस च वर्जयेत्॥
English: One who has abstained from meat, should not take meat even if it be sanctified with Mantras from the Yajurveda. One should also avoid the flesh of the vertebral column and the flesh of animals not killed in sacrifices.
Sanskrit: स्वदेशे परदेशे वा अतिथि नोपवासयेत्। काम्यकर्मफलं लब्ध्वा गुरूणामुपपादयेत्॥
English: One should never make his guest to fast, whether at his own house or in a strange land. One should, having obtained alms, offer them of his elders.
Sanskrit: गुरुभ्य आसनं देयं कर्तव्यं चाभिवादनम्। गुरूनभ्यर्च्य युज्यन्ते आयुषा यशसा श्रिया॥
English: One should offer seats to his elders and respectfully bow to them. One obtains long life, fame, and prosperity, by a doing his elders.
Sanskrit: नेक्षेतादित्यमुद्यन्तं न च नग्नां परस्त्रियम्। मैथुनं सततं धर्म्यं गुह्ये चैव समाचरेत्॥
English: One should never see the Sun at the moment of rising, nor should one gaze at a naked woman who is another man's wife. Living with one's wife (in her season) is not sinful, but it is an act that should always be done secretly.
Sanskrit: तीर्थानां हृदयं तीर्थं शुचानां हृदयं शुचिः। सर्वमार्यकृतं चौक्ष्यं वालसंस्पर्शनानि च।॥
English: The heart of all sacred places and shrines is the Preceptor. The heart of all pure and cleansing things is Fire. All acts done by a good and pious person are good and praiseworthy, including even the touching of the hair of a cow's tail.
Sanskrit: दर्शने दर्शने नित्यं सुखप्रश्नमुदाहरेत्। सायं प्रातश्च विप्राणां प्रदिष्टमभिवादनम्॥
English: One should make polite enquiries every time he meets with another. One should salute Brahmanas every morning and evening.
Sanskrit: देवागारे गवां मध्ये ब्राह्मणानां क्रियापथे। स्वाध्याये भोजने चैव दक्षिणं पाणिमुद्धरेत्॥
English: In temple of gods, amid cows, in performing the rites of religion sanctioned for Brahmanas, in studying, the Vedas, and in Brahmanas, in studying, the Vedas, and in eating, the right hand should be raised.
Sanskrit: सु शृतं पायसे सायं प्रातश्च विप्राणां पूजनं च यथाविधि। पण्यानां शोभते पण्यं कृषीणां बाद्यते कृषिः॥ बहुकारं च सस्यानां बाह्ये वाहो गवां तथा।
English: The adoration of Brahmanas, morning and evening, according to due rites, yields great merit. Through such worship the stock of the merchant, and the produce of the agriculturist, become profuse. The produce of all sorts of corn and the supply of all articles of enjoyment also become profuse.
Sanskrit: सम्पन्न भोजने नित्यं पानीये तर्पणं तथा॥ ब्रूयाद् यवाग्वां कृसरे तथा। श्मश्रुकर्मणि सम्प्राप्ते क्षुते स्नानेऽथ भोजने। व्याधितानां च सर्वेषामायुष्यमभिनन्दनम्॥
English: One should say, while giving food to another.-'Is it sufficient?' One should ask, when presenting drink,-Will it please?-One should ask, when giving sweetened milk and rice, or sugared gruel of barley, or milk with or pcas,-Has it fallen?-People should respectfully adore Brahmanas, after shaving, after spitting, after bathing, and after eating. Such adoration is sure to grant longlife to sickly men.
Sanskrit: प्रत्यादित्यं न मेहेत न पश्येदात्मनः शकृत्। सह स्त्रियाथ शयनं सह भोज्यं च वर्जयेत्॥
English: One should not pass urine with face turned towards the Sun, nor should one see his own excreta. One should not lie on the same bed with a woman, nor eat with her.
Sanskrit: त्वंकारं नामधेयं च ज्येष्ठानां परिवर्जयेत्। अवराणां समानानामुभयेषां न दुष्यति॥
English: One should never Thou-Thee their elders, while addressing them, nor take their names. Thou-,thee-,ing, or taking of names, is only allowable in addressing inferiors or one's compeers.
Sanskrit: हृदयं पापवृत्तानां पापमाख्याति वैकृतम्। ज्ञानपूर्वं विनश्यन्ति गूहमाना महाजने॥
English: sesame The hearts of sinful men betray the sins committed by them. Those sinful men who conceal their conscious sins from good men meet with destruction.
Sanskrit: ज्ञानपूर्वकृतं पापं छादयत्यबहुश्रुतः। नैनं मनुष्याः पश्यन्ति पश्यन्त्येव दिवौकसः॥
English: Only ignorant fools try to conceal the sins which they commit knowingly. It is true that men do not see those sins, but the gods see them.
Sanskrit: पापेनापिहितं पापं पापमेवानुवर्तते। धर्मेणापिहितो धर्मो धर्ममेवानुवर्तते। धार्मिकेण कृतो धर्मो धर्ममेवानुवर्तते॥
English: A sin concealed by another sin begets fresh sins. Again, an act of merit increases the merit, if concealed by an act of merit. The acts of a virtuous man always follow Virtue.
Sanskrit: पापं कृतं न स्मरतीह मूढो विवर्तमानस्य तदेति कर्तुः। राहुयथा चन्द्रमुपैति चापि तथाबुधं पापमुपैति कर्म॥
English: A man shorn of understanding never thinks of the sins committed by him. Those sins, however, overtake the doer who has disregarded the scriptures. As Rahu comes to Chandra, those sinful acts come to the foolish man.
Sanskrit: आशया संचितं द्रव्यं दुःखेनैवोपभुज्यते। तद् बुधा न प्रशंसन्ति मरणं न प्रतीक्षते।॥
English: If the wealth is preserved with the hope of some desire, its end is painful. The wise are not in favour of that. The death does not wait for desire.
Sanskrit: मानसं सर्वभूतानां धर्ममाहुर्मनीषिणः। तस्मात् सर्वेषु भूतेषु मनसा शिवमाचरेत्॥
English: The objects that are the righteousness of all creatures is a quality of the mind. One should, therefore, in his hand, do good to all.
Sanskrit: एक एव चरेद् धर्मं नास्ति धर्मे सहायता। केवलं विधिमासाद्य सहायः किं करिष्यति॥
English: One should practise virtue alone. In the practice of virtue one need not seek the help of others. If one follows only the ordinances of the scriptures, what can companion do.
Sanskrit: धर्मो योनिर्मनुष्याणां देवानाममृतं दिवि। प्रेत्यभावे सुखं धर्माच्छश्चत्तैरुपभुज्यते॥
English: Righteousness is the origin of mankind. Righteousness is the nectar of the gods. After death, men enjoy, through Righteousness, eternal felicity.
Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर उवाच अध्यात्मं नाम यदिदं पुरुषस्येह चिन्त्यते। यदध्यात्मं यथा चैतत् तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह॥
English: Yudhishthira said Tell me, O grandfather, what and of what nature is that which passes by the name of Adhyatma (spiritual) and which is laid down for ever person.
Sanskrit: कुतः सृष्टमिदं विश्वं ब्रह्मन् स्थावरजङ्गमम्। प्रलये कथमभ्येति तन्मे वक्तुमिहार्हसि॥
English: O you who are acquainted with Brahma, whence has this universe, consisting of inobile and immobile objects, been created? When universal dissolution sets in, to whom does it go? You should describe this subject to me.
Sanskrit: भीष्म उवाच अध्यात्ममिति मां पार्थ यदेतदनुपृच्छसि। तद् व्याख्यास्यामि ते तात श्रेयस्कर तमं सुखम्॥
English: Bhishma said This Adhyatma, O son of Pritha, that you ask me about, I will presently describe. It is, O son, highly agreeable and productive of great happiness.
Sanskrit: सृष्टिप्रलयसंयुक्तमाचायैः परिदर्शितम्। यज्ज्ञात्वा पुरुषो लोके प्रीतिं सौख्यं च विन्दति। फललाभश्च तस्य स्यात् सर्वभूतहितं च तत्॥
English: Great teachers have (before this) described the Creation and the Destruction of the universe). Knowing those truths, a person may acquire, even in this world, great satisfaction and happiness. Such knowledge also bring on the acquisition of great fruits, and it is highly beneficial to all creatures.
Sanskrit: पृथिवी वायुराकाशमापो ज्योतिश्च पञ्चमम्। महाभूतानि भूतानां सर्वेषां प्रभवाप्ययौ॥
English: Earth, air, space, water, and light as the fifth, are considered as Great Creatures. These form both the origin and the destruction of all created objects.
Sanskrit: यतः सृष्टानि तत्रैव तानि यान्ति पुनः पुनः। महाभूतानि भूतेभ्यः सागरस्योर्मयो यथा।॥
English: To Him from whom these great primal elements spring, they return again and again severing themselves from all creatures like the wave of the ocean.
Sanskrit: प्रसार्य च यथाङ्गानि कूर्मः संहरते पुनः। तद्वद् भूतानि भूतात्मा सृष्टानि हरते पुनः॥
English: As the tortoise extends its limbs and withdraws them again, so the Supreme Soul creates all objects and again withdraws them into Himself.
Sanskrit: महाभूतानि पञ्चैव सर्वभूतेषु भूतकृत्। अकरोत् तेषु वैषम्यं तत्तु जीवो न पश्यति॥
English: The Creator places the five primary clements in all created objects in different proportions. The living creature, however, does not mark it.
Sanskrit: शब्दः श्रोत्रं तथा स्वानि त्रयमाकाशयोनिजम्। वायोः स्पर्शस्तथा चेष्टा त्वक् चैव त्रितयं स्मृतम्॥
English: Sound, the organ of hearing, and all holes,-these three, originate from Space Touch, action, and skin are the three-fold attributes of the Wind.
Sanskrit: रूपं चक्षुस्तथा पाकस्त्रिविधं तेज उच्यते। रस: क्लेदश्च जिह्वा च त्रयो जलगुणाः स्मृताः॥
English: Form, cye, and digestion are the three-fold attributes of Fire or Energy. Taste all liquid secretions, and the tongue are the three attributes of Water.
Sanskrit: नेयं घ्राणं शरीरं च एते भूमिगुणास्त्रयः। महाभूतानि पञ्चैव षष्ठं च मन उच्यते॥
English: Smell, the nose, and the body are the three properties, of Earth. The great elements are five. The mind is the sixth.
Sanskrit: इन्द्रियाणि मनश्चैव विज्ञानान्यस्य भारत। सप्तमी बुद्धिरित्याहुः क्षेत्रज्ञः पुनरष्टमः॥
English: The senses and the mind, O Bharata are the organs through which the cognition of a living creature is made. The seventh is the understanding; and the eight is the soul.
Sanskrit: चक्षुरालोचनायैव संशयं कुरुते मनः। बुद्धिरध्यवसानाय क्षेत्रज्ञः : साक्षिवत् स्थितः॥
English: The senses are for perceiving; the mind creates uncertainty. The understanding brings all knowledge to certainty. The Soul exists as a witness.
Sanskrit: उर्ध्वं पादतलाभ्यां यदक्चिोर्ध्वं च पश्यति। एतेन सर्वमेवेदं विद्ध्यभिव्याप्तमन्तरम्॥
English: All that is above the two feet, all that is behind, and all that is above, are witnessed by the Soul. Know that the Soul permeates the entire being without left vacant.
Sanskrit: पुरुषैरिन्द्रियाणीह वेदितव्यानि कृत्स्नशः। तमो रजश्च सत्त्वं च तेऽपि भावास्तदाश्रिताः॥
English: All men should know fully the senses, the mind and the understanding. The three universal tendencies qualities called Goodness, Darkness and Ignorance, exist, dependent on the senses, the mind, and the understanding.
Sanskrit: एतां बुद्ध्वा नरोबुद्ध्या भूतानामागतिं गतिम्। समवेक्ष्य शनैश्चैव लभते शममुत्तमम्॥
English: Man, by understanding with the help of his intelligence, the manner in which creatures come and leave the world, is sure to attain by and by to steadfast peace.
Sanskrit: गुणैर्नेनीयते बुद्धिर्बुद्धेरेवन्द्रियाण्यपि। मनःषष्ठानि सर्वाणि तदभावे कुतो गुणाः॥
English: or The three qualities lead the understanding to worldly attachments. In this matter, the Understanding is identical with the Senses and the Mind. The Understanding, therefore, is identical with the six (the five senses and the mind), and also with the objects cognised by it. When, however, the Understanding is destroyed, the three qualities cannot produce action.