pari-kulkarni/itihasa-sanskrit-en-filtered huggingface dataset:
Sanskrit: असंशयं पुण्यशीलः प्राप्नोति परमां गतिम्। त्रिविष्टपे पुण्यतमं स्थानं प्राप्नोति मानवः॥
English: Forsooth, a person of righteous deeds acquires a high end. By such deeds men earn highly happy regions in heaven.
Sanskrit: कोशक्षये त्वमित्राणां वशं कौसल्य गच्छति। उभयत्र प्रयुक्तस्य धर्मेणाधर्म एव च।॥ फलार्थमूलं व्युच्छिद्येत् तेन नन्दन्ति शत्रवः। न चास्मै मानुषं कर्म दैवमस्योपवर्णय॥
English: If the treasury of your foes be exhausted, every one of them, O prince of Koshala, may be subdued. The treasury is the source of happiness in heaven and victory on Earth. It is in consequence of their wealth that enemies enjoy such happiness. The treasury, therefore, should by every means be drained. Do not speak highly of manliness in the presence of your foe, but speak highly of destiny.
Sanskrit: असंशयं दैवपरः क्षिप्रमेव विनश्यति। याजयैनं विश्वजिता सर्वस्वेन वियुज्य तम्॥
English: Forsooth, the man who depends too much on acts of worship of the gods soon meets with ruin. Making your enemy perform the great sacrifice called Vishvajit and divest him by that means of all his wealth.
Sanskrit: ततो गच्छसि सिद्धार्थः पीड्यमानं महाजनम्। योगधर्ममिदं पुण्यं कंचिदस्योपवर्णयेत्॥
English: Through this your object object will be accomplished. You may then inform your enemy of the fact that the best men in his kingdom are being oppressed, and point out some great asceit a master of Yoga.
Sanskrit: अपि त्यागं बुभूषेत कच्चिद् गच्छेदनामयम्। सिद्धेनौषधियोगेन सर्वशत्रुविनाशिना। नागानश्वान् मनुष्यांश्च कृतकैरुपघातयेत्॥
English: Your enemy will then desire to adopt renunciation and retire into the woods seeking liberation. You will then, with the help of drugs prepared by boiling highly efficacious herbs and plants, and of artificial salts, kill the elephants and horses and men.
Sanskrit: एते चान्ये च बहवो दम्भयोगाः सुचिन्तिताः। शक्या विषहता कर्तुं पुरुषेण कृतात्मना॥
English: These and the many other well-laid plans exist, but they are all connected with fraud. An intelligent person can thus destroy the denizens of a hostile kingdom with poison,
Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर उवाच ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियविशां शूद्राणां च परंतप। धर्मवृत्तं च वित्तं च वृत्त्युपायाः फलानि च॥
English: Yudhishthira said You have, O scorcher of foes, described the duties, the general conduct, the means of sustenance, with their results, of Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras.
Sanskrit: राज्ञां वित्तं च कोशं च कोशसंचयनं जयः। अमात्यगुणवृत्तिश्च प्रकृतीनां च वर्धनम्॥ पाड्गुण्यगुणकल्पश्च सेनावृत्तिस्तथैव च। परिज्ञानं च दुष्टस्य लक्षणं च सतामपि॥ समहीनाधिकानां च यथावल्लक्षणं च यत्। मध्यमस्य च तुष्ट्यर्थं यथा स्थेयं विवर्धता॥ क्षीणग्रहणवृत्तिश्च यथाधर्मं प्रकीर्तितम्। लघुना देशरूपेण ग्रन्थयोगेन भारत॥
English: You have described also the duties of kings, and discoursed on their treasures, the means of filling them, and on the subject of conquest and victory. You have also described the characteristics of ministers, the measures that secure the prosperity of the subjects, the characteristics of the six limbs of a kingdom, the qualities of armies, the means of marking out the wicked, and the marks of the good, the attributes of those that are equal, those that are inferior, and those that are superior, the conduct which a king seeking selfaggrandisement should follow towards the masses, and the manner in which the weak should be protected and cherished. You have described all these subjects, O Bharata, delivering instructions sanctioned by the scriptures.
Sanskrit: विजिगीषोस्तथा वृत्तमुक्तं चैव तथैव ते। गणानां वृत्तिमिच्छामि श्रोतुं मतिमतां वर॥
English: You have also described the conduct that should be followed by kings desirous of conquering their enemies. I desire now, O foremost of intelligent men, to hear how should a person treat the number of brave men (vassals) that gather round a king.
Sanskrit: यथा गणाः प्रवर्धन्ते न भिद्यन्ते च भारत। अरींश्च विजिगीषन्ते सुहृदः प्राप्नुवन्ति च।॥
English: I wish to hear how they may advance, how they may be attached to the person of the king, and how, O Bharata, they may subduing foes gain friends.
Sanskrit: भेदमूलो विनाशो हि गणानामुपलक्षये। मन्त्रसंवरणं दुःखं बहूनामिति मे मतिः॥
English: It appears to me that disunion alone can encompass their destruction. I think it is always difficult to keep counsels close when there are many in the assemblage.
Sanskrit: एतदिच्छाम्यहं श्रोतुं निखिलेन परंतप। यथा च ते न भिद्येरंस्तच्च मे वद पार्थिव॥
English: I desire to hear ail this fully, O scorcher of foes. Tell me also, O king, the means by which they may not happen to quarrel with the king."
Sanskrit: भीष्म उवाच गणानां च कुलानां च राज्ञां भरतसत्तम। वैरसंदीपनावेतौ लोभामर्षी नराधिप।॥
English: Bhishma said "O king, avarice and anger between nobles and the kings create enmity.
Sanskrit: लोभमेको हि वृणुते ततोऽमर्षमनन्तरम्। तौ क्षयव्ययसंयुक्तावन्योन्यं च विनाशिनौ॥
English: The king yields to avarice. And, therefore, anger takes possession of the other. Each bent upon weakening and wasting the other, they both meet with destruction.
Sanskrit: चारमन्त्रबलादानैः सामदानविभेदनैः। क्षयव्ययभयोपायैः प्रकर्षन्तीतरेतरम्॥
English: By engaging spies, instruments of policy, and physical force, and adopting the means of conciliation, gifts, and dissension, and applying other methods for producing weakness, waste, and fear, the parties attack each other.
Sanskrit: तत्रादानेन भिद्यन्ते गणाः संघातवृत्तयः। भिन्ना विमनसः सर्वे गच्छन्त्यरिवशं भयात्॥
English: The aristocracy of a kingdom in a body becoine alienated from the king, if the latter seeks to exact too much from them. Alienated from the king, all of them become dissatisfied, and from fear join the enemies of the king.
Sanskrit: भेदे गणा विनेशुर्हि भिन्नास्तु सुजयाः परैः। तस्मात् संघातयोगेन प्रयतेरन् गणा: सदा॥
English: If again the aristocracy of a kingdom are divided, they meet with destruction. Disunited, they are easily ruined by their foes. The nobles, therefore, should always act unitedly.
Sanskrit: अर्थाश्चैवाधिगम्यन्ते संघातबलपौरुषैः। बाह्याश्च मैत्री कुर्वन्ति तेषु संघातवृत्तिषु॥
English: If they be united together, they may acquire valuable properties by means of their strength and prowess. When they are thus united, many people from outside seek their alliance.
Sanskrit: ज्ञानवृद्धाः प्रशंसन्ति शुश्रूषन्तः परस्परम्। विनिवृत्ताभि संधानाः संखमेधन्ति सर्वशः॥
English: Wise people speak highly of those nobles who are united with one another in ties of love. If of one purpose, all of them can be happy.
Sanskrit: धर्मिष्ठान् व्यवहारांश्च स्थापयन्तश्च शास्त्रतः। यथावत् प्रतिपश्यन्तो विवर्धन्ते गणोत्तमाः॥
English: They can establish fairness of conduct. By behaving properly, they grow prosperous.
Sanskrit: पुत्रान् भ्रातृन् निगृह्णन्तो विनयन्तश्च तान् सदा। विनीतांश्च प्रगृह्णन्तो विवर्धन्ते गणोत्तमाः॥
English: By restraining their sons and brothers and instructing them in their duties, and treating all persons kindly whose pridc has been subdued by knowledge, the aristocracy grow prosperous.
Sanskrit: चारमन्त्रविधानेषु कोशसंनिचयेषु च। नित्ययुक्ता महाबाहो वर्धन्ते सर्वतो गणाः॥
English: By always engaging spies and concerting measures of policy, and filling up their treasuries, the aristocracy, O you of mighty arms, grow prosperous.
Sanskrit: प्राज्ञाशूरान् महोत्साहान् कर्मसु स्थिरपौरुषान्। मानयन्तः सदा युक्ता विवर्धन्ते गणा नृप॥
English: By receiving properly those who are endued with wisdom, courage and perseverance and who show steady prowess in all kinds of work, the aristocracy grow prosperous.
Sanskrit: द्रव्यवन्तश्च शूराश्च शस्त्रज्ञाः शास्त्रपारगाः। कृच्छ्रास्वापत्सु सम्मूढान् गणाः संतारयन्ति ते॥
English: Having wealth and resources, and mastcred the scriptures and all the arts and sciences, the aristocracy rescue the ignorant masses from all sorts of distress and danger,
Sanskrit: क्रोधो भेदो भयं दण्डः कर्षणं निग्रहो वधः। नयत्यरिवशं सद्यो गणान् भरतसत्तम॥
English: King's anger, disunion with him, terror, punishment, persecution, oppression, and executions, O chief of the Bharatas, quickly alienate the aristocracy from the king and make them side with kings' enemies.
Sanskrit: तस्मान्मानयितव्यास्ते गणमुख्याः प्रधानतः । लोकयात्रा समायत्ता भूयसी तेषु पार्थिव॥
English: Therefore, the leaders of the aristocracy should be honoured by the king. The affairs of the kingdom, o king, depend greatly upon them.
Sanskrit: मन्त्रगुप्तिः प्रधानेषु चारश्चामित्रकर्षण। न गणाः कृत्स्नशो मन्त्रं श्रोतुमर्हन्ति भारत॥
English: Consultations should be held with the leaders of the aristocracy, and secret agents should be engaged, O crusher of foes, to watch them. The king should not, O Bharata, consult with every member of the aristocracy.
Sanskrit: गणमुख्यैस्तु सम्भूय कार्यं गणहितं मिथः! पृथग्गणस्य भिन्नस्य विततस्य ततोऽन्यथा॥
English: Acting jointly with the leaders, the king, should do what is for the behoof of the whole order. When, however, the aristocracy are divided and disunited and have no leaders, other courses of action should be followed,
Sanskrit: अर्थाः प्रत्यवसीदन्ति तथाना भवन्ति च। तेषामन्योन्यभिन्नानां स्वशक्तिमनुतिष्ठताम्॥
English: If the members of the aristocracy fall out with one another and act, each according to his means, without unity, their prosperity disappears and diverse sorts of evil occur.
Sanskrit: निग्रहः पण्डितैः कार्यः क्षिप्रमेव प्रधानतः। कुलेषु कलहा जाताः कुलवृद्धैरुपेक्षिताः॥ गोत्रस्य नाशं कुर्वन्ति गणभेदस्य कारकम्।
English: The leaned and wise amongst them should put down a dispute as soon as it takes place. Indeed, if the elders of a family grow indifferent, quarrels break out amongst the members. Such quarrels bring about the ruin of a family and create disunion among the nobles.
Sanskrit: आभ्यन्तरं भयं रक्ष्यमसारं बाह्यतो भयम्॥ आभ्यन्तरं भयं राजन् सद्यो मूलानि कृन्तति।
English: Protect yourself, O king, from all internal fears. External fears, however, are not very important. The first kind of fear, O king, may cut your roots in a single day.
Sanskrit: अकस्मात् क्रोधमोहाभ्यां लोभाद् वापि स्वभावजात्।। अन्योन्यं नाभिभाषन्ते तत्पराभवलक्षणम्। जात्या च सदृशाः सर्वे कुलेन सदृशास्तथा॥ न चोद्योगेन बुद्ध्या वा रूपद्रव्येण वा पुनः। तस्मात् संघातमेबाहुर्गणानां शरणं महत्॥
English: Persons who are equal in family and blood, under the influence of anger, folly and covetousness cease to speak with one another. This is an indication of defeat. It is not by courage, nor intelligence, nor by beauty, nor by riding, that enemies can destroy the aristocracy. It is only by disunion and gifts that it can be brought to subjugation. Therefore, union is the greatest refuge of the aristocracy.
Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर उवाच महानयं धर्मपथो बहुशाखश्च भारत। किंस्विदेवेह धर्माणामनुष्ठेयतमं मतम्॥
English: Yudhishthira said The path of duty in long. It has also, O Bharata, many branches. What are those duties which you hold to be the best to practise.
Sanskrit: किं कार्यं सर्वधर्माणां गरीयो भवतो मतम्। यथाहं परमं धर्ममिह च प्रेत्य चाप्नुयाम्॥
English: What are the most important duties in your view by the practice of which I may acquire the highest merit both in this world and in the next.
Sanskrit: भीष्म उवाच मातापित्रोर्गुरूणां च पूजा बहुमता मम। इह युक्तो नरो लोकान् यशश्च महदश्नुते॥
English: Bhishma said The adoration of mother, father, and preceptor is, I consider, the most important. The man, who satisfies that duty here, succeeds in winning great fame and many blessed regions.
Sanskrit: यच्च तेऽभ्यनुजानीयुः कर्म तात सुपूजिताः। धर्माधर्मविरुद्धं वा तत् कर्तव्यं युधिष्ठिर॥
English: Adored by you, whatever they will command you, be it consistent with righteousness, or be it inconsistent with it, you should carry it out unhesitatingly, O Yudhishthira.
Sanskrit: न च तैरभ्यनुज्ञातो धर्ममन्यं समाचरेत्। यं च तेऽभ्यनुजानीयुः स धर्म इति निश्चयः॥
English: One should never do what they forbid. Forsooth, there command should always be done.
Sanskrit: एत एव त्रयो लोका एत एवाश्रमास्त्रयः। एत एव त्रयो वेदा एत एव त्रयोऽग्नयः॥
English: They are the three worlds. They are the three modes of life. They are the three Vedas. They are the three sacred fires.
Sanskrit: पिता वै गार्हपत्योऽग्निर्दक्षिणः स्मृतः। गुरुराहवनीयस्तु साग्नित्रेता गरीयसी॥ त्रिष्वप्रमाद्यन्नेतेषु त्रील्लोकांश्च विजेष्यसि।
English: The father is said to be the Garhapatya fire; the mother, the Dakshina fire; and the preceptor is the fire upon which libations are poured. These three fires are, of course, the greatest. If you adore carefully these three fires, you will conquer the three worlds.
Sanskrit: पितृवृत्त्या त्विमं लोकं मातृवृत्त्या तथा परम्॥ ब्रह्मलोकं गुरोर्वृत्त्या नियमेन तरिष्यसि।
English: By serving the father regularly one may cross this world. By serving the mother in the same way, one may enjoy blessed regions in the next. By serving the preceptor regularly, one may acquire the region of Brahma.
Sanskrit: सम्यगेतेषु वर्तस्व त्रिषु लोकेषु भारत॥ यशः प्राप्स्यसि भद्रं ते धर्मं च सुमहत्फलम्।
English: Properly treat these three, O Bharata, you will then acquire great fame in the three worlds, and be you blessed, great will be your merit and reward.
Sanskrit: नैतानतिशयेज्जातु नात्यश्नीयान्न दूषयेत्॥ नित्यं परिचरेच्चैव तद् वै सुकृतमुत्तमम्।
English: Never transgress them in your deeds. Never eat before they eat, nor eat any thing that is better than what they eat. Never attribute any fault to them. One should always serve them humbly. That is an act of great merit.
Sanskrit: कीर्तिं पुण्यं यशो लोकान् प्राप्स्यसे राजसत्तम॥ सर्वे तस्यादृता लोका यस्यैते त्रय आदृताः।
English: By acting thus, O best of kings, you may acquire fame, merit, honour, and blessed regions hereafter. He, who honours these three is honoured of all the worlds.
Sanskrit: अनादृतास्तु यस्यैते सर्वास्तस्याफलाः क्रियाः॥ न चायं न परो लोकस्तस्य चैव परंतप।
English: He, however, who disregards these three, cannot acquire any merit from any of his acts. Such a man, O scorcher of foes, neither obtains this would nor the next.
Sanskrit: अमानिता नित्यमेव यस्यैते गुरवस्त्रयः॥ न चास्मिन्नपरे लोके यशस्तस्य प्रकाशते। न चान्यदपि कल्याणं परत्र समुदाहृतम्॥
English: He, who always disregards these three elders never enjoys fame either in this world or in the next. Such a man never reaps any good in the next world.
Sanskrit: तेभ्य एव हि यत् सर्वं कृत्वा च विसृजाम्यहम्। तदासीन्मे शतगुणं सहस्रगुणमेव च॥ तस्मान्मे सम्प्रकाशन्ते त्रयो लोका युधिष्ठिर।
English: All that I have dedicated to the honour of those three has multiplied a hundred-fold or a thousand-fold. On account of that merit that even now, Yudhishthira, the three worlds are clearly visible to me.
Sanskrit: दशैव तु सदाऽऽचार्यः श्रोत्रियानतिरिच्यते॥ दशाचार्यानुपाध्याय उपाध्यायान् पिता दश।
English: One Acharya is superior to ten Brahmanas learned in the Vedas. One Upadhyaya is again superior to ten Acharyas. The father, again, is superior to ten Upadhyayas.
Sanskrit: पितॄन् दश तु मातैका सर्वा वा पृथिवीमपि॥ गुरुत्वेनाभिभवति नास्ति मातृसमो गुरुः।
English: The mother, again, is superior to ten fathers, or, perhaps, the whole world, there is no one so much worthy of reverence as the mother.
Sanskrit: गुरुर्गरीयान् पितृतो मातृतश्चेति मे मतिः॥ उभौ हि मातापितरौ जन्मन्येवोपयुज्यतः।
English: In my view, however, the preceptor deserves greater respect then the father or even the mother. The father and the mother are the creators of one's being.
Sanskrit: शरीरमेव सृजतः पिता माता च भारत॥ आचार्यशिष्टा या जातिः सा दिव्या साजरामरा।
English: The father and the mother, O Bharata, only create the body. The life, on the other hand, which one acquires from his preceptor, is divine. That life suffers no decays and is imimortal.
Sanskrit: अवध्या हि सदा माता पिता चाप्यपकारिणौ॥ न संदुष्यति तत् कृत्वा न च ते दूषयन्ति तम्। धर्माय यतमानानां विदुर्देवा महर्षिभिः॥
English: The father and the inother, even if they offend you, should never be killed. By not punishing a father and a mother one does not commit sin. Indeed, such reverend persons, by escaping punishment do not stain the king. The gods and the Rishis do not withhold their favours from such persons who try to maintain even their sinful fathers reverently.
Sanskrit: यश्चावृणोत्यवितथेन कर्मणा ऋतं ब्रुवन्ननृतं सम्प्रयच्छन्। तं वै मन्येत पितरं मातरं च तस्मै न दुह्येत् कृतमस्य जानन्।॥
English: He, who favours a person by giving him true instruction, by communicating the Vedas, and by giving immortal knowledge, should be honoured as parents. The disciple, out of gratitude for what the instructor has done, should never do what would injure the latter.
Sanskrit: विद्यां श्रुत्वा ये गुरुं नाद्रियन्ते प्रत्यासन्ना मनसा कर्मणा वा। तेषां पापं भ्रूणहत्याविशिष्टं नान्यस्तेभ्यः पापकृदस्ति लोके। यथैव ते गुरुभिर्भावनीर्या स्तथा तेषां गुरवोऽभ्यर्चनीयाः॥
English: They, who do not honour their preceptors after receiving instruction from them by obeying them dutifully in thought and deed commit the sin of killing a foetus. There is no greater sinner in this world than this. Preceptors always treat their disciples with great affection. The latter should, therefore, reverse their preceptors duly.
Sanskrit: तस्मात् पूजयतिव्याश्च संविभज्याश्च यत्नतः। गुरवोऽर्चयितव्याश्च पुराणं धर्मभिच्छता॥
English: He, therefore, who wishes to acquire that high merit which has existed from days of yore, should adore his preceptors and carefully share with them every object of enjoyment.
Sanskrit: येन प्रीणाति पितरं तेन प्रीतः प्रजापतिः। प्रीणाति मातरं येन पृथिवी तेन पूजिता॥
English: Prajapati himself is pleased with him who pleases his father, He, who pleases his mother, pleases the Earth herself.
Sanskrit: येन प्रीणात्युपाध्यायं तेन स्याद् ब्रह्म पूजितम्॥ मातृतः पितृतश्चैव तस्मात् पूज्यतमो गुरुः॥
English: He, who pleases his preceptor pleases Brahma. Therefore the preceptor deserves greater respect then enter the father or the mother.
Sanskrit: ऋषयश्च हि देवाश्च प्रीयन्ते पितृभिः सह। पूज्यमानेषु गुरुषु तस्मात् पूज्यतमो गुरुः॥
English: If preceptors are adored the very Rishis, and the gods, together the Pitris, are all pleased. Therefore, the preceptor deserves the highest respect.
Sanskrit: केनचिन्न च वृत्तेन ह्यववज्ञेयो गुरुर्भवेत्। न च माता न च पिता मन्यते यादृशो गुरुः॥
English: The preceptor should never in any way be dishonoured by the disciple. Neither the mother nor the father deserves the honour which the preceptor does.
Sanskrit: न तेऽवमानमर्हन्ति न तेषां दूषयेत् कृतम्। गुरूणामेव सत्कारं विदुर्देवा महर्षिभिः॥
English: No insult should be offered to the father, the mother, and the preceptor. No act of theirs should be censured. The good and the great Rishis are pleased with him who treats his preceptors reverentially.
Sanskrit: उपाध्यायं पितरं मातरं च येऽभिद्रुह्यन्ते मनसा कर्मणा वा। तेषां पापं भ्रूणहत्याविशिष्टं तस्मान्नान्यः पापकृदस्ति लोके॥
English: They, who injure in thought and deed their preceptors, or fathers, or mothers, commit the sin of killing a foetus. There is no sinner in the world equal to them.
Sanskrit: भृतो वृद्धो यो न बिभर्ति पुत्रः स्वयोनिजः पितरं मातरं च। तद् वै पापं भ्रूणहत्याविशिष्टं तस्मान्नान्य पापकृदस्ति लोके।॥
English: That son, who, being born of parents and brought up by them and when he comes to age, does not maintain them on his turn, commits the sin of killing a foetus. There is no sinner like him in the world.
Sanskrit: मित्रद्रुहः कृतघ्नस्य स्त्रीघ्नस्य गुरुघातिनः। चतुर्णां वयमेतेषां निष्कृतिं नानुशुश्रुम॥
English: We have never heard that these four, viz., he, who injures a friend, he, who is ungrateful, he, who kills a woman, and he, who kills preceptor, succeed in purifying themselves.
Sanskrit: एतत्सर्वमनिर्देशेनैवमुक्तं यत्कर्तव्यं पुरुषेणेह लोके। एतच्छ्रेयो नान्यदस्माद्विशिष्टं सर्वान् धर्माननुसृत्यैतदुक्तम्॥
English: I have described to you in general all that a person should do in this world. Besides those duties that I have described, there is nothing which yields greater happiness. Thinking of all duties, I have described to you their essence. ever
Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर उवाच कथं धर्मे स्थातुमिच्छन् नरो वर्तेत भारत। विद्वन् जिज्ञासमानाय प्रब्रूहि भरतर्षभ॥
English: Yudhishthira said How, O Bharata, should a person act who wishes to follow virtue? O foremost of Bharata's race, learned as you are, enlighten me on the question put by me.
Sanskrit: सत्यं चेवानृतं चोभे लोकानावृत्य तिष्ठतः। दयोः किमाचरेद् राजन् पुरुषो धर्मनिश्चितः॥
English: Truth and falsehood exist, all over the world. Which of these two, O king, should a virtuous person follow.
Sanskrit: किंस्वित् सत्यं किमनृतं किंस्विद् धर्म्य सनातनम्। कस्मिन्काले वदेत्सत्यं कस्मिन्कालेऽनृतं वदेत्॥
English: What again is truth? What is falsehood? What, again, is eternal virtue? When should a person tell the truth, and when should he tell an untruth?
Sanskrit: भीष्म उवाच सत्यस्य वचनं साधु न सत्याद् विद्यते परम्। तु लोकेषु दुर्ज्ञानं तत् प्रवक्ष्यामि भारत॥
English: Bhishma said s To tell the truth is righteous. There is nothing higher than truth. I shall now, O Bharata, tell you what men do not know generally.
Sanskrit: भवेत् सत्यं न वक्तव्यं वक्तव्यमनृतं भवेत्। यत्रानृतं भवेत् सत्यं सत्यं वाप्यनृतं भवेत्॥
English: There, where falsehood prevails as truth, truth should not be said. There, again, where truth passes for falsehood, even falsehood should be said.
Sanskrit: तादृशो बध्यते बालो यत्र सत्यमनिष्ठितम्। सत्यानृते विनिश्चित्य ततो भवति धर्मवित्॥
English: That ignorant person commits sin, who says truth which is not righteous. That person is a master of duties who can distinguish truth from untruth.
Sanskrit: अप्यनार्योऽकृतप्रज्ञः पुरुषोऽप्यतिदारुणः। सुमहत् प्राप्नुयात् पुण्यं बलाकोऽन्धवधादिव॥
English: Even a person, who is disreputable, who is of impure soul, and who is very truthless, may succeed in acquiring great merit as the hunter Balaka by killing the blind beast.
Sanskrit: किमाश्चर्यं च यन्मूढो धर्मकामोऽप्यधर्मवित्। सुमहत् प्राप्नुयात् पुण्यं गङ्गायामिव कौशिकः॥
English: How extraordinary it is that a foolish person though desirous of winning merit still perpetrated a sinful deed! An owl, again, living on the banks of the Ganges, acquired great merit.
Sanskrit: तादृशोऽयमनुप्रश्नो यत्र धर्मः सुदुर्लभः। दुष्करः प्रतिसंख्यातुं तत् केनात्र व्यवस्यति॥
English: The question you have put to me a difficult one, because it is difficult to say what is righteousness. It is not easy to describe it. No one describing righteousness, can describe it accurately.
Sanskrit: प्रभवार्थाय भूतानां धर्मप्रवचनं कृतम्। यः स्यात् प्रभवसंयुक्तः स धर्म इति निश्चयः॥
English: Righteousness was declared for the aggrandisement and growth of all creatures. Therefore, what brings on advancement and growth is righteousness.
Sanskrit: धारणाद् धर्ममित्याहुर्धर्मेण विधृताः प्रजाः। यः स्याद् धारणसंयुक्तः स धर्म इति निश्चयः॥
English: Righteousness was declared for preventing creatures from injuring one another. Therefore, Righteousness is that which prevents injury to creatures.
Sanskrit: अहिंसाय भूतानां धर्मप्रवचनं कृतम्। यः स्यादहिंसासम्पृक्तः स धर्म इति निश्चयः॥
English: Righteousness is also so called because it maintains all creatures. In fact, all creatures are kept up Righteousness, Therefore, Righteousness is what is capable of upholding all creatures.
Sanskrit: श्रुतिधर्म इति ह्येके नेत्याहुरपरे जनाः। न च तत्प्रत्यसूयामो न हि सर्वं विधीयते॥
English: Some say that Righteousness is the injunction of the Shrutis. Others do not agree to this. I would into blame them that say so. Everything, again, has not been described in the Shrutis.
Sanskrit: येऽन्यायेन जिहीर्षन्तो धनमिच्छन्ति कस्यचित्। तेभ्यस्तु न तदाख्येयं स धर्म इति निश्चयः॥
English: Sometimes men, desirous of getting hold of the wealth of some one, make enquiries. One should never answer such enquiries. That is settled duty.
Sanskrit: अकूजनेन चेन्मोक्षो नावकूजेत् कथंचन। अवश्यं कूजितव्ये वा शङ्करन् वाप्यकूजनात्॥ श्रेयस्तत्रानृतं वक्तुं सत्यादिति विचारितम्। यः पापैः सह सम्बन्धान्मुच्यते शपथादपि॥
English: If by becoming silent, one succeeds in escaping, one should remain silent, If, however, one's silence at a time when one must speak creates suspicion, it would be better then to say what is untrue than what is true. This is right conclusion. If one can escape from sinful men by an oath, one may take it without committing sin.
Sanskrit: न तेभ्योऽपि धनं देयं शक्ये सति कथंचन। पापेभ्यो हि धनं दत्तं दातारमपि पीडयेत्॥
English: One should not, even if he is able, give away his wealth to sinful men. Wealth given to sinful men assails even the giver.