pari-kulkarni/itihasa-sanskrit-en-filtered huggingface dataset:
Sanskrit: तेजसस्तपसश्चैव कोपस्य च महात्मनः। त्वमप्युद्विजसे यस्य नोद्विजेयमहं कथम्॥
English: The energy, the asceticism and the wrath of that illustrious man have made even you anxious. Why should I not be afraid of him?
Sanskrit: महाभागं वसिष्ठं यः पुत्ररिष्टैर्व्ययोजयत्। क्षत्रजातश्च यः पूर्वमभवद् ब्राह्मणो बलात्॥ शौचार्थं यो नदी चक्रे दुर्गमां बहुभिर्जलैः। यां तां पुण्यतमां लोके कौशिकीति विदुर्जनाः॥
English: He made even the illustrious Vasishtha to suffer the grief of the premature death of his sons. He was originally a Kshatriya, but has become a Brahmana by his own strength (of asceticism). He created a deep river of strong currents for the purposes of ablutions. That holy river is still known in the world by the name of Kaushika.
Sanskrit: बभार यत्रास्य पुरा काले दुर्गे महात्मनः। दारान्मतङ्गो धर्मात्मा राजर्षिाधतां गतः॥
English: Here (on the banks of this river) the wife (of this illustrious man) was maintained during a famine by the royal sage Matanga, who was living there as a hunter (under a curse)
Sanskrit: अतीतकाले दुर्भिक्षे अभ्येत्य पुनराश्रमम्। मुनिः पारेति नद्या वै नाम चक्रे तदा प्रभुः॥
English: O Lord, this illustrious man, after the famine was over, came back to his hermitage and gave the river the name of Para,
Sanskrit: मतङ्गं याजयाञ्चक्रे यत्र प्रीतमनाः स्वयम्। त्वं च सोमं भयाद् यस्य गतः पातुं सुरेश्वर॥
English: Being very much pleased with Matanga, this illustrious man became his priest for the purpose of sacrifice. O king of the celestials, out of fear you yourself went to that sacrifice to drink this Soma.
Sanskrit: चकारान्यं च लोकं वै क्रुद्धो नक्षत्रसम्पदा। प्रतिश्रवणपूर्वाणि नक्षत्राणि चकार यः। गुरुशापहतस्यापि त्रिशङ्कोः शरणं ददौ॥
English: This illustrious man created in anger another world with stars; he created numerous other stars, beginning from Shravana. This illustrious man gave protection to Trishanku, cursed by his preceptor.
Sanskrit: एतानि यस्य कर्माणि तस्याहं भृशमुद्विजे। यथासौ न दहेत् क्रुद्धस्तथाऽऽज्ञापय मां विभो॥
English: I am afraid to go to a man whose deeds are such. O Lord, ordain that which may prevent him from burning me in anger.
Sanskrit: तेजसा निर्दहेल्लोकान् कम्पयेद् धरणी पदा। संक्षिपेच महामेरुं तूर्णमावर्तयेद् दिशः॥
English: He burn the worlds with his effulgence; he can make the earth quake by a kick; he can uproot the great Meru (mountain) and hurl it to a great distance and go round the ten points of the earth in a moment. can
Sanskrit: तादृशं तपसा युक्तं प्रदीप्तमिव पावकम्। कथमस्मद्विधा नारी जितेन्द्रियमभिस्पृशेत्॥
English: How can a woman (like my humble self) touch such a man who is full of ascetic virtues, who is as blazing as the blazing fire and who has completely controlled his passions.
Sanskrit: हुताशनमुखं दीप्तं सूर्यचन्द्राक्षितारकम्। कालजिह्व सुरश्रेष्ठ कथमस्मद्विधा स्पृशेत्॥
English: His mouth is as blazing as the fire, the pupils of his eyes are like the sun and the moon and his tongue is like Yama himself. O best of the celestials, how can women like ourselves touch him?
Sanskrit: यमश्च सोमश्च महर्षयश्च साध्या विश्वे वालखिल्याश्च सर्वे। एतेऽपि यस्योद्विजन्ते प्रभावात् तस्मात् कस्मान्मादृशी नोद्विजेत॥
English: Yama, Soma, great Rishis, the Sadhyas, the Vishvedevas, the Valakhilyas, all are alarmed at the thought of his prowess. Why should not a woman (like myself) be afraid of him?
Sanskrit: मृषेर्न गच्छेयमहं सुरेन्द्र। रक्षां तु मे चिन्तय देवराज यथा त्वदर्थं रक्षिताहं चरेयम्॥
English: O king of the celestials, commanded by you somehow or other I must go to that Rishi. But, O king of the celestials, devise some means by which, under your protection, I can safely inove about him.
Sanskrit: काम त मे मारुतस्तत्र वास: प्रक्रीडिताया विवृणोतु देवा भवेच मे मन्मथस्तत्र कार्ये सहायभूतस्तु तव प्रसादात्॥
English: Ocelestial ! when I shall be near the Rishi, Maruta (wind) should be there and rob me of my cloth. Manmatha (the god of love) should at your command help me in my this work.
Sanskrit: वनाच्च वायुः सुरभिः प्रवायात् तस्मिन् काले तमृषि लोभयन्त्याः। स्ततोययौसाऽऽश्रमं कौशिकस्य॥
English: Let the wind carry sweet fragrance from the wood to tempt the Rishi. Having said this and having seen that all that she wanted had been duly provided, she went to the hermitage of the great Kaushika, (Vishvamitra).
Sanskrit: कण्व उवाच एवमुक्तस्तया शक्रः संदिदेश सदागतिम्। प्रातिष्ठत तदा काले मेनका वायुना सह॥
English: Kanva said: Having been thus addressed, Indra commanded the wind to be present with Menaka when she would be present before the Rishi.
Sanskrit: अथापश्यद् वरारोहा तपसा दग्धकिल्बिषम्। विश्वामित्रं तप्यमानं मेनका भीरुराश्रमे॥
English: The timid and the beautiful girl then entered the hermitage and saw Vishvamitra, who had destroyed all his sins by penances and who was still engaged in austere penances.
Sanskrit: अभिवाद्य ततः सा तं प्राक्रीडदृषिसंनिधौ। अपोवाह च वासोऽस्या मारुतः शशिसंनिभम्॥
English: Having saluted the Rishi, she then began to sport near him. At this very time Maruta robbed of her cloth, which was as white as the moon (light.)
Sanskrit: सागच्छत् त्वरिता भूमि वासस्तदभिलिप्सती। स्मयमानेव सव्रीडं मारुतं वरवर्णिनी॥
English: And that beautiful girl in great bashfulness began to run after the cloth to catch it and she appeared to express her great annoyance at the conduct of Maruta (wind).
Sanskrit: पश्यतस्तस्य तत्ररप्यग्निसमतेजसः। विश्वामित्रस्ततस्तां तु विषमस्थामनिन्दिताम्॥ गृद्धां वाससि सम्भ्रान्तां मेनकां मुनिसत्तमः। अनिर्देश्यवयोरूपामपश्यद् विवृतां तदा॥
English: She did all this before that great Rishi Vishvamitra, as effulgent as the fire and he saw her in that state. He marked that she was of faultless features. In her nude state, the best of the Rishis saw that Menaka was exceedingly beautiful, with no marks of age on her person.
Sanskrit: तस्या रूपगुणान् दृष्ट्वा स तु विप्रर्षभस्तदा। चकार भावं संसर्गात् तया कामवशं गतः॥
English: Seeing her great beauty and accomplishments, that best of Rishis was filled with desire and wished for her company.
Sanskrit: न्यमन्त्रयत चाप्येनां सा चाप्यैच्छदनिन्दिता। तौ तत्र सुचिरं कालमुभौ व्यहरतां तदा॥ रममाणौ यथाकामं यथैकदिवसं तथा। जनयामास स मुनिर्मेनकायां शकुन्तलाम्॥ प्रस्थे हिमवतो रम्ये मालिनीमभितो नदीम्। जातमुत्सृज्य तं गर्भ मेनका मालिनीमनु॥ कृतकार्या ततस्तूर्णमगच्छच्छक्रसंसदम्। तं वने विजने गर्भ सिंहव्याघ्रसमाकुले॥ दृष्ट्वा शयानं शकुनाः समन्तात् पर्यवारयन्। नेमां हिंस्युर्वने बालां क्रव्यादा मांसगृद्धिनः॥
English: He invited her to come to him and that faultless featured beauty too accepted his invitation. They then passed many days in each others' company. Sporting with each other, they passed many years and thought that it was but only a day. That Rishi begot Shakuntala on her. Menaka went to the banks of the river Malini which passed playfully through the beautiful valley of the Himalaya mountains and there she gave birth to a daughter. She then left the child there (on the banks of the river) and went away. Thus having been successful in her mission, she soon returned to Indra. Some vultures, seeing that the child lay in the deep forest abounding in lions and tigers, sat round it to protect it from harm, so that no carnivorous animals might take her life.
Sanskrit: पर्यरक्षन्त तां तत्र शकुन्ता मेनकात्मजाम्। उपस्प्रष्टुं गतश्चाहमपश्यं शयितामिमाम्॥ निर्जने विपिने रम्ये शकुन्तैः परिवारिताम्। आनयित्वा ततश्चैनां दुहितृत्वे न्यवेशयम्॥ शरीरकृत् प्राणदाता यस्य चान्नानि भुञ्जते। क्रमेणैते त्रयोऽप्युक्ताः पितरो धर्मशासने॥ ॥
English: The vultures protected the life of Menaka's child. I had gone there to perform my ablutions. I saw the child lying. In the deep solitude of the forest, surrounded by the vultures. Bringing her here, I have made her my daughter. According to the scriptures, the maker of the body, the protector of life and the giver of food, these three, are in their order considered to be fathers.
Sanskrit: निर्जने तु वने यस्माच्छकुन्तैः परिवारिता। शकुन्तलेति नामास्याः कृतं चापि ततो मया॥
English: Because she was found in the solitude of the forest, protected by the Shakuntas (birds), she has been named Shakuntala (protected by birds.)
Sanskrit: एवं दुहितरं विद्धि मम विप्र शकुन्तलाम्। शकुन्तला च पितरं मन्यते मामनिन्दिता॥
English: O Brahmana, know that it is thus that Shakuntala has become my daughter. And faultless Shakuntala also regards me as her father.
Sanskrit: शकुन्तलोवाच एतदाचष्ट पृष्टः सन् मम जन्म महर्षये। सुतां कण्वस्य मामेवं विद्धि त्वं मनुजाधिप।॥ कण्वं हि पितरं मन्ये पितरं स्वमजानती। इति ते कथितं राजन् यथावृत्तं श्रुतं मया॥
English: Shakuntala said: Thus the great Rishi (Kanva), when asked, told (the Brahmana) the account of my birth. O king of men, you must know that I have thus become the daughter of Kanva. Not knowing who is my real father, I regard Kanva as my father. Thus have I told you, O king, all that I heard about my birth.
Sanskrit: दुष्यन्त उवाच सुव्यक्तं राजपुत्री त्वं यथा कल्याणि भाषसे। भार्या मे भव सुश्रोणि ब्रूहि किं करवाणि ते॥
English: Dushyanta said : O princess, O blessed lady, all that you have said is well-spoken. O beautiful lady, be my wife. Tell me what I shall do (for you).
Sanskrit: सुवर्णमालां वासांसि कुण्डले परिहाटके। नानापत्तनजे शुभ्रे मणिरत्ने च शोभने॥ आहरामि तवाद्याहं निष्कादीन्यजिनानि च। सर्वं राज्यं तवाद्यास्तु भार्या मे भव शोभने॥
English: I shall present you, this very day, gold and golden-garlands, robes, ear-rings, white and beautiful pearls and gems, golden coins and finest carpets, coilected from various countries. Let the whole of my kingdom be yours. O beautiful lady, be my wife.
Sanskrit: गान्धर्वेण च मां भीरु विवाहेनैहि सुन्दरि। विवाहानां हि रम्भोरु गान्धर्वः श्रेष्ठ उच्यते॥
English: O handsome lady, O timid maiden, O beauty of tapering thighs, marry me according to the Gandharva form, for the form of marriage is said to be the best.
Sanskrit: शकुन्तलोवाच फलाहारो गतो राजन् पिता मे इत आश्रमात्। मुहूर्तं सम्प्रतीक्षश्च स मां तुभ्यं प्रदास्यति॥
English: Shakuntala said: O king, my father has gone from the hermitage to collect fruits. Kindly wait for a moment. He will bestow me upon you.
Sanskrit: दुष्यन्त उवाच इच्छामि त्वां वरारोहे भजमानामनिन्दिते। त्वदर्थं मां स्थितं विद्धि त्वद्गतं हि मनो मम॥
English: Dushyanta said : O beautiful lady, O faultless beauty, I desire that you yourself should accept me. Know that I exist for you. Know also, my heart is completely in you.
Sanskrit: आत्मनो बन्धुरात्मैव गतिरात्मैव चात्मनः। आत्मनो मित्रमात्मैव तथाऽऽत्मा चात्मनः पिता। आत्मनैवात्मनो दानं कर्तुमर्हसि धर्मतः॥
English: One is certainly one's own friend; one can certainly depend upon one's own self. Therefore, according to the ordinance, you yourself should bestow your own self on others.
Sanskrit: अष्टावेव समासेन विवाहा धर्मतः स्मृताः। ब्राह्मो दैवस्तथैवार्षः प्राजापत्यस्तथासुरः॥ गान्धर्वो राक्षसश्चैव पैशाचश्चाष्टमः स्मृतः। तेषां धान् यथापूर्वं मनुः स्वायम्भुवोऽब्रवीत्॥
English: According to the ordinance, there are eight kinds of marriages, namely, Brahma, Daiva, Arsha, Prajapatya, Asura. Gandharva, Rakshasas and Paishacha. The son of the selfcreated (Brahma), Manu, has spoken which of these forms (of marriages) is appropriate to each of the four castes.
Sanskrit: प्रशस्ताश्चतुरः पूर्वान् ब्राह्मणस्योपधारय। षडानुपूर्व्या क्षत्रस्य विद्धि धाननिन्दिते॥
English: O faultless beauty, know that the first four forms are appropriate to the Brahmanas and the first six for Kshatriyas.
Sanskrit: राज्ञां तु राक्षसोऽप्युक्तो विट्शूद्रेष्वासुरः स्मृतः। पञ्चानां तु त्रयो धा अधौ द्वौ स्मृताविह॥
English: To the kings, even the Rakshasas form is permissible. The Asura form is permissible to the Vaishyas and Shudras. Of the first five (forms), three are proper and two improper.
Sanskrit: पैशाच आसुरश्चैव न कर्तव्यौ कदाचन। अनेन विधिना कार्यो धर्मस्यैषा गतिः स्मृता॥
English: The Paishacha and Asura forms should never be adopted (by any man). These are the ordinances of the scriptures and man should act according to them.
Sanskrit: गान्धर्वराक्षसौ क्षत्रे धौ तौ मा विशङ्किथाः। पृथग् वा यदि वा मिश्री कर्तव्यौ नात्र संशयः॥
English: The Gandharva and the Rakshasas forms are proper to the Kshatriyas, therefore, you need no entertain the least fear. There is not the least doubt that either according to one single form or according to the mixed form of these two, marriage is proper to us, (and we may be married).
Sanskrit: सा त्वं मम सकामस्य सकामा वरवर्णिनि। गान्धर्वेण विवाहेन भार्या भवितुमर्हसि॥
English: O beautiful lady, I am full of desire, so are you. You should, therefore, become my wife according to the Gandharva form.
Sanskrit: शकुन्तलोवाच यदि धर्मपथस्त्वेष यदि चात्मा प्रभुर्मम। प्रदाने पौरवश्रेष्ठ शृणु मे समयं प्रभो॥
English: Shakuntala said: ( best of the Puru race, if this are the dictates of the scriptures and if I am really my own disposer, know then my terms.
Sanskrit: सत्यं मे प्रतिजानीहि यथा वक्ष्याम्यहं रहः। मयि जायेत यः पुत्रः स भवेत् त्वदनन्तरः॥ युवराजो महाराज सत्यमेतद् ब्रवीमि ते। यद्येतदेवं दुष्यन्त अस्तु मे सङ्गमस्त्वया॥
English: Promise to give me what I ask, in this lonely place, alone, between ourselves. The son that will be here after born of me, will become the hire-apparent (to your throne). O Dushyanta, I tell you the truth. If this be the case, we may be united.
Sanskrit: वैशम्पायन उवाच एवमस्त्विति तां राजा प्रत्युवाचाविचारयन्। अपि च त्वां हि नेष्यामि नगरं स्वं शुचिस्मिते॥
English: Vaishampayana said: The king, without taking time to consider the demand, told her at once, “O beauty of sweet smiles, let it be so. I shall even take you to my capital.
Sanskrit: यथा त्वमर्हा सुश्रोणि सत्यमेतद् ब्रवीमि ते। एवमुक्त्वा स राजर्षिस्तामनिन्दितगामिनीम्॥ जग्राह विधिवत् पाणावुवास च तया सह। विश्वास्य चैनां स प्रायादब्रवीच पुनः पुनः॥ प्रेषयिष्ये तवार्थाय वाहिनीं चतुरङ्गिणीम्। तया त्वां नाययिष्यामि निवासं स्वं शुचिस्मिते॥
English: O handsome maiden, I tell you the truth. You deserve all this. I promise to do what you ask. So saying, the royal sage, (Dushyanta) married the beautiful Shakuntala of graceful walking, according to the due rites; and she accepted him as her husband. He returned to his capital after assuring her of his promise. He repeatedly told her, “I shall send for you my troops of the four sorts. O beauty of sweet smiles, it is thus (with all honour). I shall take you to my capital."
Sanskrit: वैशम्पायन उवाच इति तस्याः प्रतिश्रुत्य स नृपो जनमेजय। मनसा चिन्तयन् प्रायात् काश्यपं प्रति पार्थिवः॥ भगवांस्तपसा युक्तः श्रुत्वा किं किं न करिष्यति। एवं स चिन्तयन्नेव प्रविवेश स्वकं पुरम्॥
English: Vaishampayana said : O Janamejaya, having thus promised to her, the king went away. The king, as he went (towards his capital), began to think of Kanva. (He thought), “What would the illustrious ascetic do when he would hear all. Thus thinking on his way, he entered his capital.
Sanskrit: मुहूर्तयाते तस्मिंस्तु कण्वोऽप्याश्रममागमत्। शकुन्तला च पितरं ह्रिया नोपजगाम तम्॥
English: The moment the king had gone away, Kanva came to the hermitage. But Shakuntala did not go out to receive her father for shame.
Sanskrit: विज्ञायाथ च तां कण्वो दिव्यज्ञानो महातपाः। उवाच भगवान् प्रीतः पश्यन् दिव्येन चक्षुषा॥
English: The great ascetic Kanva, possessed of spiritual knowledge (sight), knew all. Having thus seen everything with his spiritual sight, the illustrious man was pleased and saidत्वयाद्य भद्रे रहसि मामनादृत्य यः कृतः।
Sanskrit: पुंसा सह समायोगो न स धर्मोपघातकः॥
English: “O amiable child, the act that you have committed today in secret without having waited (to receive my permission), has not been destructive of your virtue.
Sanskrit: क्षत्रियस्य हि गान्धर्वो विवाहः श्रेष्ठ उच्यते। सकामायाः सकामेन निर्मन्त्रो रहसि स्मृतः॥
English: The marriage according to the Gandharva form, without Mantras and between a willing woman and a willing man, is said to be the best to a Kshatriya.
Sanskrit: धर्मात्मा च महात्मा च दुष्यन्तः पुरुषोत्तमः। अभ्यगच्छः पतिं यत् त्वं भजमानं शकुन्तले॥ महात्मा जनिता लोके पुत्रस्तव महाबलः। य इमां सागरापाङ्गीं कृत्स्नां भोक्ष्यति मेदिनीम्॥
English: The best of men Dushyanta, is virtuousminded and high-souled. O Shakuntala, you have accepted (this Dushyanta) for your husband. The son, whom you will give birth to, will be mighty and illustrious in this world. He will extend his sway over the whole of this earth bounded by the sea.
Sanskrit: परं चाभिप्रयातस्य चक्रं तस्य महात्मनः। भविष्यत्यप्रतिहतं सततं चक्रवर्तिनः :॥
English: When that illustrious king of kings (your son) will march out against his foes, his army will be irresistible to all opposition.
Sanskrit: ततः प्रक्षाल्य पादौ सा विश्रान्तं मुनिमब्रवीत्। विनिधाय ततो भारं संनिधाय फलानि च॥
English: Shakuntala, then came to her fatigued father and washed his feet. She took down the heavy load that was on his shoulder and placed the fruits in proper order. Then she said-
Sanskrit: शकुन्तलोवाच मया पतिवृतो राजा दुष्यन्तः पुरुषोत्तमः। तस्मै ससचिवाय त्वं प्रसादं कर्तुमर्हसि॥
English: Shakuntala said: (O father), you should give your grace to my husband, king Dushyanta, the best of men.
Sanskrit: कण्व उवाच प्रसन्न एव तस्याहं त्वत्कृते वरवर्णिनी। गृहाण च वरं मत्तस्त्वं शुभे यदभीप्सितम्॥
English: Kanva said: O beautiful child, I am prepared to bless him for your sake. But O blessed girl, receive from me the boon you desire to have.
Sanskrit: वैशम्पायन उवाच ततो धर्मिष्ठतां वने राज्याचास्खलनं तथा। शकुन्तला पौरवाणां दुष्यन्तहितकाम्यया॥
English: Vaishampayana said : Thereupon, Shakuntala, moved with the desire to do good to Dushyanta, asked the boon that Paurava kings should be ever virtuous and never to be deprived of their thrones.
Sanskrit: वैशम्पायन उवाच प्रजापतेस्तु दक्षस्य मनोवैवस्वतस्य च। भरतस्य कुरो पूरोराजमीढस्य चानघ॥ यादवानामिमं वंशं कौरवाणां च सर्वशः। तथैव भरतानां च पुण्यं स्वस्त्ययनं महत्॥ धन्यं यशस्यमायुष्यं कीर्तयिष्यामि तेऽनघ। तेजोभिरुदिताः सर्वे महर्षिसमतेजसः॥
English: Vaishampayana said : O sinless one, Prajapati Daksha, Vaivasvata Manu, Manu, Bharata, Kuru, Puru, Ajamidha, Yadava and all the other kings of the Bharata race, O sinless king, I shall now recite the holy, illustrious and long lifebestowing histories of these great men. They were as effulgent as the sun and the great Rishis.
Sanskrit: दश प्राचेतसः पुत्राः सन्तः पुण्यजनाः स्मृताः। मुखजेनाग्निना यैस्ते पूर्वं दग्धा महीरूहाः॥
English: Pracheta had ten sons, who were all devoted to asceticism and they all possessed every virtue. They burnt with the fire of their mouth many medicinal plants.
Sanskrit: तेभ्यः प्राचेतसो जज्ञे दक्षो दक्षादिमाः प्रजाः। सम्भूताः पुरुषव्याघ्र स हि लोकपितामहः॥
English: O lion among the men, from them was born Prachetas Daksha and from Daksha sprang all creatures. Therefore, he was called the Grandsire.
Sanskrit: वीरिण्या सह संगम्य दक्षः प्राचेतसो मुनिः। आत्मतुल्यानजनयत् सहस्रं संशितव्रतान्॥
English: The Rishi Daksha, born of Prachetas, begot one thousand sons, uniting with Virini; they were all of rigid vows like himself.
Sanskrit: सहस्रसंख्यान् सम्भूतान् दक्षपुत्रांश्च नारदः। मोक्षमध्यापयामास सांख्यज्ञानमनुत्तमम्॥
English: Narada taught these one thousand sons of Daksha the excellent knowledge of Sankhya, the means of salvation.
Sanskrit: ततः पञ्चाशतं कन्या: पुत्रिका अभिसंदधे। प्रजापतिः प्रजा दक्षः सिसृक्षुर्जनमेजय॥
English: Janamejaya, the lord of creation Prajapati Daksha, from the desire of creating more creatures, begot fifty daughters. He made them all his Putrikas.
Sanskrit: ददौ दश स धर्माय कश्यपाय त्रयोदश। कालस्य नयने युक्ताः सप्तविंशतिमिन्दवे॥
English: He bestowed ten of his daughters on Daksha, thirteen on Kashyapa and twentyseven on Chandra who were all engaged in indicating time.
Sanskrit: त्रयोदशानां पत्नीनां या तु दाक्षायणी वरा। मारीचः कश्यपस्त्वस्यामादित्यान् समजीजनत्॥ इन्द्रादीन् वीर्यसम्पन्नान् विवस्वन्तमथापि च। विवस्वतः सुतो जज्ञे यमो वैवस्वतः प्रभुः॥
English: Kashyapa, the son of Marichi, begot on his wife, the daughter of Daksha, who was the eldest among his thirteen wives, Aditya, the greatly effulgent celestials, Indra, being at their head and Vaivasvata also, Vaivasvata's son was born Yama, the great lord.
Sanskrit: मार्तण्डस्य मनु/मानजायत सुतः प्रभुः। यमश्चापि सुतो जज्ञे ख्यातस्तस्यानुजः प्रभुः॥
English: Martanda (Vaivasvata) begot another son who was gifted with great intelligence and was called Manu. Yama was his younger brother.
Sanskrit: धर्मात्मा स मनु/मान् यत्र वंशः प्रतिष्ठितः। मनोर्वंशो मानवानां ततोऽयं प्रथितोऽभवत्॥
English: Manu was greatly wise and virtuous; he became the progenitor of a race. The offspring of Manu were called Manavas, (human beings.)
Sanskrit: ब्रह्मक्षत्रादयस्तस्मान्मनोर्जातास्तु मानवाः। ततोऽभवन्महाराज ब्रह्मक्षत्रेण संगतम्॥
English: It was from Manu that all men, including Brahmanas, Kshatriyas and others have been born. O great king, the Brahmanas and Kshatriyas were subsequently united.
Sanskrit: ब्राह्मणा मानवास्तेषां साङ्गं वेदमधारयन्। वेनं धृष्णुं नरिष्यन्तं नाभागेक्ष्वाकुमेव च॥ कारूषमथ शर्याति तथा चैवाष्टमीमिलाम्। पृषधं नवमं प्राहुः क्षत्रधर्मपरायणम्॥ नाभागारिष्टदशमान् मनो: पञ्चाशत्तु मनोः पुत्रास्तथैवान्येऽभवन् क्षितौ॥
English: Those sons of Manu, who were Brahmanas, became devoted to the study of the Vedas. Vena, Dhrishnu, Narishyanta, Nabhaga, Ikshvaku, Karusha and Sharyati, the eighth a daughter, named Ila, the ninth Prishadhra, who was gifted with all the virtues of Kshatriyas. Nabhagarishta was the tenth son of Daksha. Besides these, Manu had fifty other sons on earth.
Sanskrit: अन्योन्यभेदात् ते सर्वे विनेशुरिति नः श्रुतम्। पुरूरवास्ततो विद्वानिलायां समपद्यत॥
English: We have heard, they all perished quarrelling with one another. The learned Pururava was born of Ila.
Sanskrit: सा वै तस्याभवन्माता पिता चैवेति नः श्रुतम्। त्रयोदश समुद्रस्य द्वीपानश्नन् पुरूरवाः॥
English: We have heard that Ila was both the father and the mother of Pururava. He had sway over thirteen islands of the sea.
Sanskrit: अमानुषैर्वृतः सत्त्वैर्मानुषः सन् महायशाः। विप्रैः स विग्रहं चक्रे वीर्योन्मत्तः पुरूरवाः॥ जहार च स विप्राणां रत्नान्युत्क्रोशतामपि।
English: Though he was a human being, yet he remained always surrounded by superhuman companions. Pururava, intoxicated with the pride of power which he possessed, quarrelled with the Brahmanas, caring little for their anger. He robbed them of their wealth.
Sanskrit: सनत्कुमारस्तं राजन् ब्रह्मलोकादुपेत्य ह॥ अनुदर्श ततश्चक्रे प्रत्यगृह्णान्न चाप्यसौ। ततो महर्षिभिः क्रुद्धैः सद्यः शप्तो व्यनश्यत॥
English: Seeing this, Sanatkumar came from the region of Brahma and gave him good counsel, which he did not accept. Thereupon, the wrath of the great Rishis was excited and the king, who was intoxicated with the pride of power and who lost his reason, was immediately killed by their curse.
Sanskrit: लोभान्वितो बलमदानष्टसंज्ञो नराधिपः। स हि गन्धर्वलोकस्थानुर्वश्या सहितो विराट्॥ आनिनाय क्रियार्थेऽग्नीन् यथावद् विहितांस्त्रिधा। षट् सुता जज्ञिरे चैलादायु/मानमावसुः॥ दृढायुश्च वनायुश्च शतायुश्चोर्वशीसुताः। नहुषं वृद्धशर्माणं रजिं गयमनेनसम्॥ स्वर्भानवीसुतानेतानायोः पुत्रान् प्रचक्षते। आयुषो नहुषः पुत्रो धीमान् सत्यपराक्रमः॥
English: This king (Pururava) brought from the region of the Gandharvas, three kinds of fire for sacrificial purposes with the Apsara Urvashi. He begot six sons on Urvashi, namely Ayush, Dhiman, Amavasu, Dhridhayu, Vanayu and Shatayus. It is said that Ayush begot on the daughter of Svarbhanu five sons, namely Nahusha, Vriddhasharma, Raji, Gaya and Anenasa. Of all the sons of Ayush, Nahusha was exceedingly intelligent and powerful.
Sanskrit: राज्यं शशास सुमहद् धर्मेण पृथिवीपते। पितॄन् देवानृषीन् विप्रान् गन्धर्वोरगराक्षसान्॥ नहुषः पालयामास ब्रह्मक्षत्रमथो विशः। स हत्वा दस्युसंघातानृषीन् करमदापयत्॥
English: O king, He ruled his kingdom with great virtue. King Nahusha equally supported the Pitris, the Devas, the Rishis, the Gandharvas, the Nagas, the Rakshasas, the Brahmanas, the Kshatriyas and the Vaishyas. He suppressed all the robbers with a mighty hand; he made Rishis to pay tribute to himself.
Sanskrit: पशुवच्चैव तान्पृष्ठे वाहयामास वीर्यवान्। कारयामास चेन्द्रत्वमभिभूय दिवौकसः॥ तेजसा तपसा चैव विक्रमेणौजसा तथा। यतिं ययाति संयातिमायातिमयति ध्रुवम्॥ नहुषो जनयामास षट्सुतान्प्रियवादिनः। यतिस्तु योगमास्थाय ब्रह्मभूतोऽभवन्मुनिः॥
English: And like animal, the powerful one Nahusha carried them on the back of Rishis. Beating the very dwellers of heaven with his beauty, his asceticism, his prowess and energy, he ruled the earth, as if he was Indra himself. Nahusha begot six sweet-speeched sons, namely, Yati, Yayati, Sanyati, Aayati, Ayati and Dhruva. Yati adopted asceticism and became a great Rishi like Brahma himself.