pari-kulkarni/itihasa-sanskrit-en-filtered huggingface dataset:
Sanskrit: उच्चावचकरा दाप्या महाराज्ञा युधिष्ठिर॥ यथा यथा न सीदेरंस्तथा कुर्यान्महीपतिः।
English: The king, O Yudhishthira, may levy high taxes, but he should never levy such taxes as would oppress his people.
Sanskrit: फलं कर्म च सम्प्रेक्ष्य ततः सर्वं प्रकल्पयेत्॥ फलं कर्म च निर्हेतु न कश्चित् सम्प्रवर्तते।
English: No tax should be levied without determining the out-turn and the amount of labour necessary for its production. Nobody would work without sufficient causes.
Sanskrit: यथा राजा च कर्ता च स्यातां कर्मणि भागिनौ॥ संवेक्ष्य तु तथा राज्ञा प्रणेयाः सततं कराः।
English: The king should, after proper thought, impose taxes in such a way that he and the person who labours to produce the article taxed may both partake of the out-turn.
Sanskrit: नोच्छिन्द्यादात्मानो मूलं परेषां चापि तृष्णया॥ ईहाद्वाराणि संस्थ्य राजा सम्प्रीतदर्शनः।
English: The king should not, by his greediness, destroy his own foundations as well as those of others. He should always avoid those acts for which he may incur the hatred of his people. Indeed, by acting thus he may win popularity.
Sanskrit: प्रद्विषन्ति परिख्यातं राजानमतिखादिनम्॥ प्रद्विष्टस्य कुतः श्रेयो नाप्रियो लभते फलम्।
English: The subjects hate that king who becomes notorious for greediness. How can a king who is hated acquire prosperity? Such a king can never secure what is for his well-being.
Sanskrit: वत्सौपम्येन दोग्धव्यं राष्ट्रमक्षीणबुद्धिना॥ भृतो वत्सो जातबल: पीडां सहति भारत।
English: An intelligent king should milk his kingdom like calves. If the calf be permitted to suck, it grows strong, O Bharata, and carries heavy loads.
Sanskrit: न कर्म कुरुते वत्सो भृशं दुग्धो युधिष्ठिर॥ राष्ट्रमप्यतिदुग्धं हि न कर्म कुरुते महत्।
English: If, on the other hand, O Yudhishthira, the cow is milked too much, the calf becomes lean and incapable of making itself very useful to its owner. Similarly, if the kingdom be drained inordinately, the subjects become helpless and incapable of achieving any great act.
Sanskrit: यो राष्ट्रमनुगृह्णाति परिरक्षन् स्वयं नृपः॥ संजातमुपजीवन् स लभते सुमहत् फलम्।
English: That king who protects his kingdom himself and shows leniency to his subjects and supports himself upon what is easily got, succeeds in doing much.
Sanskrit: आपदर्थं च निर्यातं धनं त्विह विवर्धयेत्॥ राष्ट्रं च कोशभूतं स्यात् कोशो वेश्मगतस्तथा।
English: Does not the king then acquire wealth enough to meet his wants? The entire kingdom becomes then to him his treasury, and his treasury becomes his bed room.
Sanskrit: पौरजानपदान् सर्वान् संश्रितोपाश्रितांस्तथा। यथाशक्त्यनुकम्पेत सर्वान् स्वल्पधनानपि॥
English: If the denizens of the cities and the provinces be poor, the king should, whether they depend upon him directly or indirectly, show them mercy to the best of his power.
Sanskrit: बाह्यं जनं भेदयित्वा भोक्तव्यो मध्यमः सुखम्। एवं नास्य प्रकुप्यन्ति जनाः सुखितदुःखिताः॥
English: Punishing all robbers who infest the boundaries, the king should protect the people of his villages and make them happy. Partaking of the king's happiness and misery, the subjects become greatly pleased with him.
Sanskrit: प्रागेव तु धनादानमनुभाष्य ततः पुनः। संनिपत्य स्वविषये भयं राष्ट्र प्रदर्शयेत्॥
English: First of all, for making collection, the king should visit the principal centres of his kingdom one after another and try to fill his people with fear.
Sanskrit: इयमापत्समुत्पन्ना परचक्रभयं महत्। अपि चान्ताय कल्पन्ते वेणोरिव फलागमाः॥
English: He should tell them, Here, a great danger threatens us. Our enemies have engendered a great calamity for us! I have every reason, however, to hope that the danger will pass away, for the enemy, like a flowering bamboo, will very soon be destroyed.
Sanskrit: अरयो मे समुत्थाय बहुभिर्दस्युभिः सह। इदमात्मवधायैव राष्ट्रमिच्छन्ति बाधितुम्॥
English: Many enemies of mine, having risen up and combined with a large body of robbers, wish to put our kingdom into difficulties, for themselves being destroyed.
Sanskrit: अस्यामापदि घोरायां सम्प्राप्ते दारुणे भये। परित्राणाय भवतः प्रार्थयिष्ये धनानि वः॥
English: To meet this calamity and dreadful danger, I seek your wealth for concerting measures for your protection
Sanskrit: प्रतिदास्ये च भवतां सर्वं चाहं भयक्षये। नारयः प्रतिदास्यन्ति यद्धरेयुर्बलादितः॥
English: When the danger passes away, I will repay you what I now take. Our foes, however, will not return what they (if unopposed) will take from you by force.
Sanskrit: कलत्रमादितः कृत्वा सर्वं वो विनशेदिति। अपि चेत् पुत्रदारार्थमर्थसंचय इष्यते॥
English: On the other hand, they will even kill all your relatives with your very wives. Forsooth, you wish wealth for the sake of your children and wives.
Sanskrit: नन्दामि वः प्रभावेण पुत्राणामिव चोदये। यथाशक्त्युपगृह्णामि राष्ट्रस्यापीडया च वः॥
English: I am happy to see your prosperity, and I solicit you as I would my own children. I shall take from you what you can easily spare for me. I do not wish to give pain to any one.
Sanskrit: आपत्स्वेव च वोढव्यं भवद्भिः पुणवैरिव। न च प्रियतरं कार्यं धनं कस्याञ्चिदापदि॥
English: In seasons of danger, you should, like strong bulls, bear such burdens. In seasons of distress, you should not value wealth too highly.
Sanskrit: इति वाचा मधुरया श्लक्ष्णया सोपचारया। स्वरश्मीनभ्यवसृजेद् योगमाधाय कालवित्॥
English: A king knowing Time should, with such agreeable, sweet, and complimentary words, send his agents and make collections from his subjects.
Sanskrit: प्राकारं भृत्यभरणं व्ययं संग्रामतो भयम्। योगक्षेमं च सम्प्रेक्ष्य गोंमिनः कारयेत् करम्॥
English: Pointing out to them the necessity of repairing his forts and of meeting the expenses of his establishment and other heads, striking them with the fear of foreign invasion, and pointing to them the necessity that exists for protecting them and enabling them to ensure the means of living in peace, the king should impose taxes upon the Vaishyas of his kingdom.
Sanskrit: उपेक्षिता हि नश्येयुर्गोमिनोऽरण्यवासिनः। तस्मात् तेषु विशेषेण मृदुपूर्वं समाचरेत्॥
English: If the king does not care the Vaishyas, they become lost to him, and leaving his dominions retire into the woods. The king should, therefore, treat them leniently.
Sanskrit: सान्त्वनं रक्षणं दानमवस्था चाप्यभीक्ष्णशः। गोमिनां पार्थ कर्तव्यः संविभागः प्रियाणि च॥
English: The king, O son of Pritha, should always conciliate and protect the Vaishyas, take measures for filling them with a sense of security and for ensuring them in the enjoyment of what they possess, and always do what they like.
Sanskrit: अजस्त्रमुपयोक्तव्यं फलं गोमिषु भारत। प्रभावयन्ति राष्ट्रं च व्यवहारं कृषि तथा॥
English: The king, O Bharata, should always so treat the Vaishyas that their power to multiply money may be enhanced. The Vaishyas enhance the strength of a kingdom, improve its agriculture, and develop its trade.
Sanskrit: तस्माद् गोमिषु यत्नेन प्रीतिं कुर्याद् विचक्षणः। दयावानप्रमत्तश्च करान् सम्प्रणयन् मृदून्॥
English: A wise king, therefore, should always please them. Acting with carefulness and leniency, he should impose mild taxes upon them.
Sanskrit: सर्वत्र क्षेमचरणं सुलभं नाम गोमिषु। न ह्यतः सदृशं किंचिद् वरमस्ति युधिष्ठिर।॥
English: It is always easy to treat the Vaishyas kindly. There is nothing which does greater good to a kingdom, O. Yudhishthira, than such treatment of the Vaishyas of the kingdom.'
Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर उवाच यदा राजा समर्थोऽपि कोशार्थी स्यान्महामते। कथं प्रवर्तेत तदा तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह॥
English: Tell me, O grandfather, how should the king behave if, despite his great wealth, he seeks more!
Sanskrit: भीष्म उवाच यथादेशं यथाकालं यथाबुद्धि यथाबलम्। अनुशिष्यात् प्रजा राजा धर्मार्थी तद्धिते रतः॥
English: Bhishma said A king desirous of acquiring religious merit, should seek the good of his subjects and protect them according to considerations of place and time and to the best of his intelligence and power.
Sanskrit: यथा तासां च मन्येत श्रेय आत्मन एव च। तथा कर्माणि सर्वाणि राजा राष्ट्रेषु वर्तयेत्॥
English: He should, in his kingdom, adopt such measures as would in his view secure their good as also his own.
Sanskrit: मधुदोहं दुहेद् राष्ट्र भ्रमरा इव पादपम्। वत्सापेक्षी दुहेच्चैव स्तनांश्च न विकुट्टयेत्॥
English: A king should milk his kingdom like a bee collecting honey from plants. He should act like the cow-herd who takes milk from her without boring her udders and without starving the calf.
Sanskrit: जलौकावत् पिबेद् राष्ट्र मृदुनैव नराधिपः। व्याघ्रीव च हरेत् पुत्रान् संदशेन्न च पीडयेत्॥
English: The king should act like the leech taking blood mildly. He should treat his subjects like a tigress carrying her cubs, touching them with her teeth but never cutting them therewith.
Sanskrit: यथा शल्यकवानाखुः पदं धूनयते सदा। अतीक्ष्णेनाभ्युपायेन तथा राष्ट्र समापिबेत्॥
English: He should behave like a mouse which although has got sharp and pointed teeth yet cuts the feet of sleeping animals in such a way that they do not at all become conscious of it.
Sanskrit: अल्पेनाल्पेन देयेन वर्धमानं प्रदापयेत्। ततो भूयस्ततो भूयः क्रमवृद्धिं समाचरेत्॥
English: Little by little should be drained from a prosperous subject. The demand should then be gradually increased till it reaches a fair amount.
Sanskrit: दमयत्रिव दम्यानि शश्वद् भारं विवर्धयेत्। मृदुपूर्व प्रयत्नेन पाशानभ्यवहारयेत्॥
English: The king should increase the burden of his subjects by and by like a person gradually increasing the load of a young bullock. Treating them with care and mildness, he should at last put the reins on them.
Sanskrit: सकृत्पाशावकीर्णास्ते न भविष्यन्ति दुर्दमाः। उचितेनैव भोक्तव्यास्ते भविष्यन्ति यत्नतः॥
English: If the reins are thus put, they would not refuse to to bear them. Indeed, sufficient measures should be taken for making them obedient. Mere entreaties to bring them to subjection would be of no avail.
Sanskrit: तस्मात् सर्वसमारम्भो दुर्लभः पुरुषं प्रति। यथामुख्यान सान्त्वयित्वा भोक्तव्य इतरो जनः॥
English: It is impossible to treat all equally. Conciliating the leaders only, the ordinary people should be reduced to obedience.
Sanskrit: ततस्तान् भेदयित्वा तु परस्परविवक्षितान्। भुजीत सान्त्वयंश्चैव यथासुखमयत्नतः॥
English: Creating dissensions among the common people who are to carry the burdens, the king should himself come forward to conciliate them and then enjoy happily what he would draw from them.
Sanskrit: न चास्था ने न चाकाले करांस्तेभ्यो निपातयेत्। आनुपूर्वेण सान्त्वेन यथाकालं यथाविधि॥
English: The king should never impose taxes in a bad form and on persons who cannot pay them. He should impose them gradually and with mildness, in proper time and according to due forms.
Sanskrit: उपायान् प्रब्रवीम्येतान् न मे माया विवक्षिता। अनुपायेन दमयन् प्रकोपयति वाजिनः॥
English: The ways I suggest you are the legitimate means of king craft. They are not known as deceitful means. One who tries to control horses by unfair methods only makes them furious.
Sanskrit: पानागारनिवेशाच वेश्याः प्रापणिकास्तथा। कुशीलवाः सकितवा ये चान्ये केचिदीदृशाः॥ नियम्याः सर्व एवैते ये राष्ट्रस्योपघातकाः। एते राष्ट्रेऽभितिष्ठन्तो बाधन्ते भद्रिकाः प्रजाः॥
English: Drinking-shops, public women, pimps, actors, gamblers, and keepers of gambling houses, and other persons, of this sort, who always create disorders to the states, should all be checked. Living within the kingdom, these afflict and injure the better classes of the subjects.
Sanskrit: न केनचिद् याचितव्यः कश्चित्किञ्चिदनापदि। इति व्यवस्था भूतानां पुरस्तान्मनुना कृता॥
English: No one should ask anything of any one when on distress prevails. Manu himself in days of yore has laid down this injunction regarding all men.
Sanskrit: सर्वे तथानुजीवेयुर्न कुर्युः कर्म चेदिह। सर्व एव इमे लोका न भवेयुरसंशयम्॥
English: If all men were to live on alms and abstain from work, the world would, forsooth, come to an end.
Sanskrit: प्रभुर्नियमने राजा य एतान् न नियच्छति। भुक्कते स तस्य पापस्य चतुर्भागपिति श्रुतिः॥
English: The king alone is able to restrain and check. That king who does not prevent his subjects (from committing sins) is visited by a fourth part of the sins committed by them. This is the injunction of the Shrutis.
Sanskrit: भोक्ता तस्य तु पापस्य सुकृतस्य यथा तथा। नियन्तव्याः सदा राज्ञा पापा ये स्युनराधिप॥
English: Since the king shares the sins of his subjects like their merits, he should, therefore, O king, check his sinful subjects.
Sanskrit: कृतपापस्त्वसौ राजा य एतान् न नियच्छति। तथा कृतस्य धर्मस्र चतुर्भागमुपारनुते॥
English: The king who fails to restrain himself commits a sin. He is visited by a fourth part of their sins as he does acquire a fourth part of their merits.
Sanskrit: स्थानान्येतानि संयम्य प्रसंगो भूतिनाशनः। कामे प्रसक्तः पुरुषः किमकार्यं विवर्जयेत्॥
English: The following sins of which I speak should be checked. they are such as bring on penury on every one. What wicked act is there that a person under the influence of passion would not commit.
Sanskrit: मद्यमांसपरस्वानि तथा दारा धनानि च। आहरेद् रागवशगस्तथा शास्त्रं प्रदर्शयेत्॥
English: A person under the control of passion indulges in stimulants and meat, and appropriates the wives and the wealth of other people, and sets a bad example to others.
Sanskrit: आपद्येव त याचन्ते येषां नास्ति परिग्रहः। दातव्यं धर्मतस्तेभ्यस्त्वनुक्रोशाद् भयान तु॥
English: They who do not live upon alms may beg at the time of distress. The righteous king should make gifts to them from mercy but not from fear.
Sanskrit: मा ते राष्ट्रे याचनका भूवनमा चापि दस्यवः। एषां दातार एवैते नैते भूतस्य भावकाः॥
English: Let there be no beggars or robbers in your kingdom. It is only the robbers who give to the beggars. Such givers are not benefactors of men.
Sanskrit: ये भूतान्यनुगृह्णन्ति वर्धयन्ति च ये प्रजाः। ते ते राष्ट्रेषु वर्तन्त मा भूतानामभावकाः॥
English: Let such men live in your kingdom as advance the interests of others and do them good, but not such as root out others.
Sanskrit: दण्ड्यास्ते च महाराज धनादानप्रयोजकाः। प्रयोगं कारयेयुस्तान् यथाबलिकरांस्तथा॥
English: Those officers, O king, who realize from the subjects more than what is due should be punished. You should then appoint others who will take only what is due.
Sanskrit: कृषिगोरक्ष्यवाणिज्यं यच्चान्यत् किंचिदीदृशम्। पुरुषैः कारयेत् कर्म बहुभिः कर्मभेदतः॥
English: Agriculture, tending of cattle trade and similar other acts, should be pursued by many persons in such a way that tey may not suffer injury.
Sanskrit: नरश्चेत्कृषिगोरक्ष्यवाणिज्यं चाप्यनुष्ठितः। संशयं लभते किंचित् तेन राजा विगीते॥
English: If a person engaged in agriculture, cattletending, or trade, feels a sense of insecurity, the king, incirs infamy thereby.
Sanskrit: धनिनः पूजयेन्नित्यं पानाच्छादनभोजनैः। वक्तव्य.शानुगृह्णीध्वं प्रजाः सह मयेति वै॥
English: The king should always honour his rich su.bjects and should say to them,-Do you, with me, advance the interests of the people!
Sanskrit: अङ्गमेतन्महद् राज्ये धनिनो नाम भारत। ककुदं सर्वभूतानां धनस्थो नात्र संशयः॥
English: In every kingdom, the wealthy form an estate in the realm. Forsooth, a wealthy person is the foremost of men.
Sanskrit: प्राज्ञः शूरो धनस्थश्च स्वामी धार्मिक एव च। तपस्वी सत्यवादी च बुद्धिमांश्चापि रक्षति॥
English: He who is wise, or brave or rich. a influential, or righteous, or engaged in penances or truthful in speech, or endued with intelligence, assists in protecting his fellowsubjects,
Sanskrit: तस्मात् सर्वेषु भूतेषु प्रीतिमान् भव पार्थिव सत्यमार्जवमक्रोधमानृशस्यं च पालय॥
English: For these reasons, O king, do you love all creatures, and show the qualities of truth, creatures, and show the qualities of truth, men. sincerity, absence of anger and abstention from injury.
Sanskrit: एवं दण्डं च कोशं च मित्रं भूमि च लप्स्यसि। सत्यार्जवपरो राजन् मित्रकोशबलान्वितः॥
English: You should thus hold the rod of punishment, and multiply your treasury. and support your friends and consolidate your kingdom thus, practising the qualities of truthfulness and sincerity and supported by your friends, treasury, and army. sincerity, absence of anger and abstention from injury.
Sanskrit: भीष्म उवाच वनस्पतीन् भक्ष्यफलान्न च्छिन्द्युर्विषये तव। ब्राह्मणानां मूलफलं धर्म्यमाहुर्मनीषिणः॥
English: Bhishma said “Let not fruit growing trees be cut down in your dominions. Fruits and roots are the property of the Brahmanas. The sages have declared this as an injunction of religion.
Sanskrit: ब्राह्मणेभ्योऽतिरिक्तं च भुञ्जीरनितरे जनाः। न ब्राह्मणापराधेन हरेदन्यः कथंचन॥
English: The residue, after supporting the Brahmanas, should be devoted to the support of other people, Nobody should take by inuring the Brahmanas.
Sanskrit: विप्रश्चेत् त्यागमातिष्ठेदात्मार्थे वृत्तिकर्शितः। परिकल्प्यास्य वृत्तिः स्यात् सदारस्य नराधिप॥
English: If a Brahmana, for want of support, wishes to leave a kingdom for securing maintenance elsewhere, the king, O monarch, should, with love and respect, give him the means of sustenance.
Sanskrit: स चेन्नोपनिवर्तेत वाच्यो ब्राह्मणसंसदि। कस्मिन्निदानी मर्यादामयं लोकः करिष्यति॥
English: If he does not still abstain from leaving the kingdom, the king should repair to a concourse of Brahmanas and say-Such a Brahmana is leaving the kingdom. In whom shall my subjects then find an authority for guiding them?
Sanskrit: असंशयं निवर्तेत न चेद् वक्ष्यत्यतः परम्। पूर्वं परोक्षं कर्तव्यमेतत् कौन्तेय शाश्वतम्॥
English: If alter this, he does not renounce his intention of leaving, and does not say anything, the king should say to him-Forget the past!—This, O son of Kunti, is the eternal way of the royal duty.
Sanskrit: आहुरेतज्जना नित्यं न चैतच्छ्रद्दधाम्यहम्। निमन्त्र्यश्च भवेद् भोगैरवृत्त्या च तदाचरेत्॥
English: The king should further say to him,-Indeed, O Brahmana, people say that only that which is sufficient should be assigned to a Brahmana to maintain him. I, however, do not hold that opinion. On the other hand, I think that if a Brahmana seeks to abandon a kingdom for the king neglecting to provide him with means of support, such means should be assigned to him, and, further, if he wishes to take that step for procuring the means of luxury, he should still be requested to stay and supplied with those luxuries.
Sanskrit: कृषिगोरक्ष्यवाणिज्यं लोकानामिह जीवनम्। ऊर्ध्वं चैव त्रयी विद्या सा भूतान् भावयत्युत।॥
English: Agriculture, cattle-tending, and trade, suppiy all men with the means of subsistence. A knowledge of the Vedas, however, supply them with the means of acquiring heaven.
Sanskrit: तस्यां प्रवर्तमानायां ये स्युस्तत्परिपन्थिनः। दस्यवस्तद्वधायेह ब्रह्मा क्षत्रमथावृजत्॥
English: They, therefore, that impede the study of the Vedas and the Vedic practices, are known as enemies of society. For exterminating these that Brahman created Kshatriyas.
Sanskrit: शत्रून् जय प्रजा रक्ष यजस्व ऋतुधिर्नृप। युध्यस्व समरे वीरो भूत्वा कौरवनन्दन॥
English: Subdue your foes, protect your subjects, adore the gods in sacrifices, and fight battles bravely, O delighter of the Kurus!
Sanskrit: संरक्ष्यान् पालयेद् राजा स राजा राजसत्तमः। ये केचित् तान् न रक्षन्ति तैरर्थो नास्ति कश्चन॥
English: A king should protect those who are worthy of protection. The king who does this is the best of rulers. Those kings who do not perform the duty of protection live uselessly.
Sanskrit: सदैव राज्ञा योद्धव्यं सर्वलोकाद् युधिष्ठिर। तस्माद्धेतोर्हि युञ्जीत मनुष्यानेव मानवः॥
English: For the behoof of all his subjects the king should always seek to learn the acts and thoughts of all, O Yudhishthira; and for the reason he should engage spies and secret agents.
Sanskrit: आन्तरेभ्यः परान् रक्षन् परेभ्यः पुनरान्तरान्। परान् परेभ्यः स्वान् स्वेभ्यः सर्वान् पालय नित्यदा॥१२
English: Protecting others from your own, and your own from others, as also others from others, and your own from your own, do you always maintain your subjects.
Sanskrit: आत्मानं सर्वतो रक्षन् राजन् रक्षस्व मेदिनीम्। आत्ममूलमिदं सर्वमाहुवै विदुषो जनाः॥
English: Guarding his own self first from every one, the king should protect the Earth. Men of knowledge have said that everything originate from self.
Sanskrit: किं छिद्रं को नु सङ्गो मे किं वास्त्यविनिपातितम्। कुतो मामाश्रयेद् दोष इंति नित्यं विचिन्तयेत्॥
English: The king should always think of these, viz.,-What are his shortcomings to what evil habits he is addicted, what are the sources of his weakness, and what are the sources of his follies.
Sanskrit: अतीतदिवसे वृत्तं प्रशंसन्ति न वा पुनः। गुप्तैश्चारैरनुमतैः पृथिवीमनुसारयेत्॥
English: The king should make secret and trusted agents travel through the kingdom for ascertaining whether his conduct of the previous day has, or has not, met with the approbation of the subjects.
Sanskrit: जानीयुर्यदि ते वृत्तं प्रशंसन्ति न वा पुनः। कच्चिद् रोचेज्जनपदे कच्चिद् राष्ट्रे च मे यशः॥ धर्मज्ञानां धृतिमतां संग्रामेष्वपलायिनाम्।
English: Indeed, he should know whether his conduct is or is not, generally applauded, or is, or is not, liked by the people of the provinces, and whether he has, or has not, succeeded in gaining a good name in his kingdom.
Sanskrit: राष्ट्रे तु येऽनुजीवन्ति ये तु राज्ञोऽनुजीविनः॥ अमात्यानां च सर्वेषां मध्यस्थानां च सर्वशः। ये च त्वाभिप्रशंसेयुर्निन्देयुरथवा पुनः॥ सर्वान् सुपरिणीतांस्तान् कारयेथा युधिष्ठिर।
English: Amongst the virtuous and wise, amongst those who never retreat from battle, and those who do not live in your kingdom, those who depend on you, and those who are your ministers, as well as those who do not follow party, they who praise or blame you should never be disregarded by you, O Yudhishthira!
Sanskrit: एकान्तेन हि सर्वेषां न शक्यं तात रोचितुम्। मित्रामित्रमथो मध्यं सर्वभूतेषु भारत॥
English: No man, O sire, can acquire the golden opinion of all persons in the world. All persons have friends, foes, and indifferent ones, O Bharata.
Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर उवाच तुल्यबाहुबलानां च तुल्यानां च गुणैरपि। कथं स्यादधिकः कश्चित् स च भुजीत मानवान्॥
English: Yudhishthira said Of persons all of whom are equal in strength of arms and accomplishments' how does one reign supreme over all the others, and how does he succeed in lording over them all.
Sanskrit: भीष्म उवाच यच्चरा ह्यचरानधुरंदष्ट्रान् दंष्ट्रिणस्तथा। आशीविषा इव क्रुद्धा भुजङ्गान् भुजगा इव॥
English: Bhishma said The mobile creatures devour things that are immobile; animals having teeth devour those that have none; angry snakes of dreadful venom devour smaller ones of their own species.
Sanskrit: एतेभ्यश्चाप्रमत्तः स्यात् सदा शत्रोर्युधिष्ठिर। भारुण्डसदृशा ह्येते निपतन्ति प्रमादतः॥
English: The king, O Yudhishthira, should always be careful of his subjects as also of his eremies. If he becomes careless, they attack him like vultures.
Sanskrit: कच्चित् ते वणिजो राष्ट्रे नोद्विजन्ति करार्दिताः। क्रीणन्तो बहुनाल्पेन कान्तारकृतविश्रमाः॥
English: Take care, O king, that the traders in your kingdom, who purchase articles for purposes of trade at prices high and low, and who while itenerating have to sleep or take rest in forests and inaccessible regions, may not suffer from the imposition of heavy taxes.
Sanskrit: कच्चित् कृषिकरा राष्ट्रं न जहेत्यतिपीडिताः। ये वहन्ति धुरं राज्ञां ते भरन्तीतरानपि॥
English: Let not the agriculturists in your kingdom leave it through oppression; they, who bear the burden of the king, support the other residents also of the kingdom.
Sanskrit: इतो दत्तेन जीवन्ति देवाः पितृगणास्तथा। मानुषोरगरक्षांसि वयांसि पशवस्तथा॥
English: The gifts made by you in this world support the gods, Pitris, men, Nagas, Rakshasas, birds, and animals.
Sanskrit: एषा ते राष्ट्रवृत्तिश्च राज्ञां गुप्तिश्च भारत। एतमेवार्थमाश्रित्य भूयो वक्ष्यामि पाण्डव॥
English: These, O Bharata, are the instruments of governing a kingdom and protecting its king. I shall again talk to you on the subject, son of Pandu."
Sanskrit: वामदेव उवाच यत्राधर्मं प्रणयते दुर्बले बलवत्तरः। तां वृत्तिमुपजीवन्ति ये भवन्ति तदन्वयाः॥
English: When the king, who is powerful acts unfairly towards the Weak, persons born in his family imitate the same conduct.
Sanskrit: राजानमनुवर्तन्ते तं पापाभिप्रवर्तकम्। अविनीतमनुष्यं तत् क्षिप्रं राष्ट्र विनश्यति॥
English: Others, again, imitate that wretch who commits sins. Such imitation of the man who does not care for restraints soon brings destruction upon the kingdom.
Sanskrit: यद् वृत्तमुपजीवन्ति प्रकृतिस्थस्य मानवाः। तदेव विषमस्थस्य स्वजनोऽपि न मृष्यते॥
English: The conduct of a king, who observes his proper duties, is accepted by men in general as a model for imitation. The conduct, however, of a king, who deviates from his duties, is not tolerated by his very kinsmen.
Sanskrit: साहसप्रकृतिर्यत्र किंचिदुल्बणमाचरेत्। अशास्त्रलक्षणो राजा क्षिप्रमेव विनश्यति॥
English: That rash king, who, neglecting the injunctions laid down in scriptures, acts with high-handedness in his kingdom, very soon meets with fall.