pari-kulkarni/itihasa-sanskrit-en-filtered huggingface dataset:
Sanskrit: तं शूरमार्यव्रतिनं मन्त्रास्त्रेषु कृतश्रमम्। चक्ररक्षं परामृनात् कुमारं द्विजपुङ्गवः॥
English: Thereafter the foremost of the twice-born one (Drona) slew Kumara that protector of Yudhishthira's car-wheels who was brave, of illustrious vows and well-versed in the use of weapons and mantras.
Sanskrit: समध्यं प्राप्य सैन्यानां सर्वा:प्रविचरन् दिशः। तव सैन्यस्य गोप्ताऽऽसीद् भारद्वाजोद्विजर्षभः॥
English: Then that foremost of the regenerate ones, the son of the Bharadvaja, became the protector of your army, having penetrated into the centre of the Pandava host and coursing on all directions. son
Sanskrit: शिखण्डिनं द्वादशभिर्विंशत्या चोत्तमौजसम्। नकुलं पञ्चभिर्विद्ध्वा सहदेवं च सप्तभिः॥ युधिष्ठिरं द्वादशभिद्रौपदेयांस्त्रिभिस्त्रिभिः। सात्यकि पञ्चभिर्विद्ध्वा मत्स्यं च दशभिः शरैः॥
English: Piercing Sikhandin with twelve arrows, Uttamaujas with twenty, Nakula with five and Sahadeva with seven. Yudhishthira with twelve and the sons of Draupadi each with three, Satyaki with five and the ruler of the Matsyas with ten arrows.
Sanskrit: व्यक्षोभयद् रणे योधान् यथा मुख्यमभिद्रवन्। अभ्यवर्तत सम्प्रेप्सुः कुन्तीपुत्रं युधिष्ठिरम्॥
English: And rushing at the foremost warriors of the Pandavas in due order, he (Drona) agitated the warlike host in that battle. Then desirous of capturing the of Kunti namely Yudhishthira, he (Drona) charged him.
Sanskrit: युगन्धरस्ततो राजन् भारद्वाजं महारथम्। वारयामास संक्रुद्धं वातोद्धतमिवार्णवम्॥
English: Thereupon, 0 monarch, Yugandhara opposed the mighty car-warrior, the son of Bharadvaja, who was inflamed with rage like the ocean swelling with the tempest.
Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिरं स विद्ध्वा तु शरैः संनतपर्वभिः। युगन्धरं तु भल्लेन रथनीडादपातयत्॥
English: But Drona, having pierced Yudhishthira with close-jointed shafts, overthrew Yugandhara from his niche in the car with a broad-headed arrow.
Sanskrit: ततो विराटद्रुपदौ केकया: सात्यकिः शिबिः। व्याघ्रदत्तश्च पाञ्चाल्य: सिंहसेनश्च वीर्यवान्॥ एते चान्ये च बहवः परीप्सन्तो युधिष्ठिरम्। आवब्रुस्तस्य पन्थानं किरन्तः सायकान् बहून्॥
English: Thereupon Virata and Drupada, Kekaya and Satyaki and Shini and Vyaghradatta, the prince of the Panchalas and Sinhasena ondued with prowess. These and many other warriors, desirous of rescuing Yudhishthira, impeded Drona's path by scattering innumerable arrows.
Sanskrit: व्याघ्रदत्तस्तुपाञ्चाल्योद्रोणं विव्याघ मार्गणैः। पञ्चाशता शितै राजंस्तत उच्चुक्रुशुर्जनाः॥
English: Vyaghradatta, the prince of the Panchalas, pierced Drona with fifty whetted arrows; as thereupon, O monarch, the Pandava host uttered a loud shout.
Sanskrit: त्वरितं सिंहसेनस्तु द्रोण विद्ध्वा महारथम्। प्राहसत् सहसा हृष्टस्त्रासयन् व महारथान्॥
English: Sinhasena also having quickly pierced the mighty car-warrior Drona, suddenly, out of delight, broke out into a laugh, inspiring terror into the hearts of the mighty car-warriors.
Sanskrit: ततो विस्फार्य नयने धनुर्ध्यामवमृज्य च। तलशब्दं महत् कृत्वा द्रोणस्तं समुपाद्रवत्॥
English: Thereupon expanding his eyes and twanging his bow-string and making a loud sound by striking his arms with his palms, Drona rushed upon him (Sinhasena).
Sanskrit: ततस्तु सिंहसेनस्य शिरः कायात् सकुण्डलम्। व्याघ्रदत्तस्य चाक्रम्य भल्लाभ्यामाहरबली॥
English: Then Drona of great prowess putting forth his energy, severed the head of Sinhasena decked with ear-rings also that of Vyaghradatta, with a pair of broad-headed shafis.
Sanskrit: तान् प्रमथ्य शरवातैः पाण्डवानां महारथान्। युधिष्ठिररथाभ्याशे तस्थौ मृत्युरिवान्तकः॥
English: Then with the shower of his arrows having crushed the inighty car-warriors of the Pandava host, he stood near the chariot of Yudhishthira like the all-destroying Death himself.
Sanskrit: ततोऽभवन्महाशब्दो राजन् यौधिष्ठिरे बले। हतो राजेति योधानां समीपस्थे यतव्रते॥
English: When Drona of regulated vows reached the vicinity of Yudhishthira, O monarch, loud cries of 'The king is slain' were uttered by the warriors of Yudhishthira's army.
Sanskrit: अब्रुवन् सैनिकास्तत्र दृष्ट्वा द्रोणस्य विक्रमम्। अद्य राजा धार्तराष्ट्रः कृतार्थो वै भविष्यति॥
English: Then the soldiers, beholding the prowess of Drona said, "Today the royal son of Dhritarashtra will attain the fruition of his desire.
Sanskrit: अस्मिन् मुहूर्ते द्रोणस्तु पाण्डवं गृह्य हर्षितः। आगमिष्यति नो नूनं धार्तराष्ट्रस्य संयुगे॥
English: This very moment Drona, having captured in battle the son of Pandu, will, being transported with joy, surely return to us and to the son of Dhritarashtra.
Sanskrit: एवं संजल्पतां तेषां तावकानां महारथः। आयाज्जवेन कौन्तेयो रथघोषेण नादयन्॥
English: When your soldiers had been thus conversing, the mighty car-warrior, the son of Kunti (Arjuna) rushed there with impetuosity, resounding the welkin with the rattle of his car and
Sanskrit: शोणितोदां रथावर्ती कृत्वा विशसने नदीम्। शुरास्थिचयसंकीर्णां प्रेतकूलापहारिणीम्॥
English: Creating, by the carnage he caused, a river, of which the water consisted of blood and the eddies of cars; which was stagnant with bones and corpses of brave warriors and which conveyed creatures to the regions of the departed.
Sanskrit: तां शरौघमहाफेनां प्रासमत्स्यसमाकुलाम्। नदीमुत्तीर्थ वेगेन कुरून् विद्राव्य पाण्डवः॥
English: Having crossed that river having the myriad shafts for its forth and abounding in fishes consisting of lances the son of Pandu came there crushing the Kurus with his speed.
Sanskrit: ततः किरीटी सहसा द्रोणानीकमुपाद्रवत्। छादयन्निषुजालेन महता मोहयन्निव॥ शीघ्रमभ्यस्यतो बाणान् संदधानस्य चानिशम्। नान्तरं ददृशे कश्चित् कौन्तेयस्य यशस्विनः॥
English: Thereafter the diadem-decked Arjuna suddenly charged Drona's division, covering it with net-work of mighty arrows and stupefying therewith the warriors that followed Drona. Nobody was able to perceive any interval between the swift placing of the arrows on the bow-string and their discharge by the wellrenowned son of Kunti.
Sanskrit: न दिशो नान्तरिक्षं च न द्यौर्नेव च मेदिनी। अदृश्यन्त महाराज बाणभूता इवाभवन्॥
English: Neither the cardinal quarters, not the welkin, nor the conclave dome, nor the earth, could be seen any longer, O monarch; everything then appeared to be a continuous mass of arrows.
Sanskrit: नादृश्यत तदा राजंस्तत्र किंचन संयुगे। बाणान्धकारे महति कृते गाण्डीवधन्वना॥
English: Then when the wielder of the Gandiva had caused a 'palpable darkness' in the field of the battle with his shafts, nothing, O monarch, could be distinguished.
Sanskrit: सूर्ये चास्तमनुप्राप्ते तमसा चाभिसंवृते। नाज्ञायत तदा शत्रुर्न सुहन च कश्चन॥
English: At the setting of the sun at that moment, and at the enveloping of the earth with dusk, neither foe nor friend could be distinguished any longer.
Sanskrit: ततोऽवहारं चक्रुस्ते द्रोणदुर्योधनादयः। तान् विदित्वा पुनस्त्रस्तानयुद्धमनसः परान्॥
English: Thereupon Drona and Duryodhana and others began to withdraw their forces. Considering his enemies to be inspired with terror and unwilling to carry on the fight.
Sanskrit: स्वान्यनीकानि बीभत्सुः शनकैरवहारयत्। ततोऽभितुष्टुवुः पार्थे प्रहृष्टाः पाण्डुसंजयाः॥ पञ्चालाश्च मनोज्ञाभिर्वाग्भिः सूर्यमिवर्षयः। एवं स्वशिबिरं प्रायाज्जित्वा शत्रून् धनंजयः॥ पृष्ठतः सर्वसैन्यानां मुदितो वै सकेशवः॥
English: Vibhatsu also slowly withdrew his own divisions; then the Pandus and the Srinjayas and the Panchalas highly delighted began to praise the son of Pritha (Arjuna), with agreeable words, like the Rishis praising the Sun. Thus having vanquished his foes Dhananjaya, filled with rapture and accompanied by Keshava, retired to his own camp, bringing up the rear of his whole army.
Sanskrit: वज्रप्रवालस्फटिकैश्च मुख्यैः। चित्रे रथे पाण्डुसुतो बभासे नक्षत्रचित्रे वियतीव चन्द्रः॥
English: Seated in the terrace of his excellent chariot adorned with emeralds and rubies and diamonds of the first water and with the costliest specimens of gold, silver, corals and crystal, the son of Pandu shone like the moon in the heavens adorned with the stars. costliest specimens of gold, silver, corals and crystal, the son of Pandu shone like the moon in the heavens adorned with the stars.
Sanskrit: संजय उवाच मध्यन्दिने महाराज संग्रामः समपद्यत। लोकक्षयकरो रौद्रो भीष्मस्य सह सोमकैः॥
English: Sanjaya said At mid day, 0 mighty monarch, commenced a combat between the Somakas and Bhishma, that become dreadful and destructive of many creatures.
Sanskrit: गाङ्गेयो रथिनां श्रेष्ठः पाण्डवानामनीकिनीम्। व्यधमन्निशितैर्बाणैः शतशोऽथ सहस्रशः॥
English: That foremost of car-warriors viz., the son of Ganga began to consume the ranks of the Pandava host, with his sharp shafts discharged by hundreds and thousands.
Sanskrit: सम्ममर्द च तत् सैन्यं पिता देवव्रतस्तव। धान्यानामिव लूनानां प्रकरं गोगणा इव॥
English: Then your father Devavrata crushed that army like a herd of heifer grinding (under their tread) a heap of paddy sheaves.
Sanskrit: धृष्टद्युम्नः शिखण्डी च विराटो द्रुपदस्तथा। भीष्ममासाद्य समरे शरैर्जघ्नुर्महारथम्॥
English: Then Dhrishtadyumna, Shikhandin, Virata and Draupada, encountering Bhishma in battle began to pierce that mighty car-warriors with numerous shafts.
Sanskrit: धृष्टद्युम्नं ततो विध्वा विराटं च शरैस्त्रिभिः। दुपदस्य च नाराचं प्रेषयामास भारत॥
English: Thereat, 0 Bharata, piercing Dhrishtadyumna and Virata with three shafts, Bhishma discharged a Naracha at Draupada.
Sanskrit: तेन विद्धा महेष्वासा भीष्मेणामित्रकर्षिणा। चुक्रुधुः समरे राजन् पादस्पृष्टा इवोरगाः॥
English: Then those pierced by Bhishma that girder of foes, waxed worth, O king, in battle like a snake trampled under the feet.
Sanskrit: शिखण्डी तं च विव्याध भरतानां पितामहम्। स्त्रीमयं मनसा ध्यात्वा नास्मै प्राहरदच्युतः॥
English: Then Shikhandin pierced the grand father of the Bharatas, but the latter of undeteriorating renown struck him not, remembering his femininity.
Sanskrit: धृष्टद्युम्नस्तु समरे क्रोधेनाग्निरिव ज्वलन्। पितामहं त्रिभिर्बाणैर्वाह्वोरुरसि चार्पयत्॥
English: Then Dhrishtadyumna blazing up with rage like fire, pierced the grandsire, with three shafts on the breast and the arms.
Sanskrit: द्रुपदः पञ्चविंशत्या विराटो दशभिः शरैः। शिखण्डी पञ्चविंशत्या भीष्मं विव्याध सायकैः॥
English: Drupada with twenty five, Virata with ten, Shikhandin with twenty five arrows pierced Bhishma.
Sanskrit: सोऽतिविद्धो महाराज शोणितौघपरिप्लुतः। वसन्ते पुष्पशबलो रक्ताशोक इवाबभौ॥
English: That hero (Bhishma) thus deeply pierced, O mighty monarch, and bathed in copiously flowering blood, appeared beautiful like flowering red Ashoka tree in the spring.
Sanskrit: तान् प्रत्यविध्यद् गाङ्गेयस्त्रिभिस्त्रिभिरजिह्मगैः। द्रुपदस्य च भल्लेन धनुचिच्छेद मारिष॥
English: Then the son of Ganga pierced them in return each with three straight going shafts; and O sire, he bust open the bow of Drupada with a broad headed arrow.
Sanskrit: सोऽन्यत् कार्मुकमादाय भीष्मं विव्याध पञ्चभिः। सारथिं च त्रिभिर्बाणैः सुशितै रणमूर्धनि॥
English: The latter then taking up another bow pierced Bhishma with five arrows and his charioteer with three whetted shafts on the field of battle.
Sanskrit: तथा भीमो महाराज द्रौपद्याः पञ्च चात्मजाः। केकया भ्रातरः पञ्च सात्यकिश्चैव सात्वतः॥
English: Thereupon, O monarch, Bhima, the five sons of Draupadi, the five Kaikeya brothers, and Satyaki of the Satvata race,
Sanskrit: अभ्यद्रवन्त गाङ्गेयं युधिष्ठिरपुरोगमाः। रिरक्षिषन्तः पाञ्चाल्यं धृष्टद्युम्नपुरोगमाः॥
English: Headed by king Yudhishthira himself rushed at the son of Ganga, desirous of rescuing the Panchalas headed by Dhrishtadyumna.
Sanskrit: तथैव तावकाः सर्वे भीष्मरक्षार्थमुद्यताः। प्रत्युद्ययुः पाण्डुसेनां सहसैन्या नराधिप॥
English: So also, O ruler of men, your warriors anxious for protecting Bhishma, rushed against the Pandava host, supported by their respective divisions.
Sanskrit: तत्रासीत् सुमहद् युद्धं तव तेषां च संकुलम्। नराश्वरथनागानां यमराष्ट्रविवर्धनम्॥
English: Thereupon ensued a fierce and sanguinary engagement between your army and theirs both teeming with men, steeds chariots and elephants-engagement that considerably swelled the population of Death's domain.
Sanskrit: रथी रथिनमासाद्य प्राहिणोद् यमसादनम्। तथेतरान् समासाद्य नरनागाश्वसादिनः॥
English: Car-warriors meeting car-warriors dispatched them to the abode of Death; so also others, men, horse-soldiers, elephant riders encountering one another,
Sanskrit: अनयन् परलोकाय शरैः संनतपर्वभिः। शरैश्च विविधैर्पोरैस्तत्र तत्र विशाम्पते॥ रथास्तु रथिभि_ना हतसारथयस्तथा। विप्रदुताश्चाः समरे दिशो जग्मुः समन्ततः॥
English: Conveyed one another to the abode of Death, with their straight knotted shafts; and in that field of battle, O ruler of men, many cars deprived of their riders with numerous dreadful arrows, and with their drivers slain, careered on the being dragged on all sides.
Sanskrit: मृदन्तस्ते नरान् राजन् हयांश्च सुबहून् रणे। वातायमाना दृश्यन्ते गन्धर्वनगरोपमाः॥
English: Crushing, O king, innumerable men and steeds in that battle, those cars of the velocity of wind appeared beautiful like aerial castles.
Sanskrit: रथिनश्च स्थैींना वर्मिणस्तेजसा युताः। कुण्डलोष्णीषिणः सर्वे निष्काङ्गदविभूषणाः॥
English: Many car-warriors deprived of their cars, clad in armour and possessed of strength all decked with ear-rings and turbans and with bracelets and garlands,
Sanskrit: देवपुत्रसमाः सर्वे शौर्ये शक्रसमा युधि। ऋद्ध्या वैश्रवणं चाति नयेन च बृहस्पतिम्॥
English: All resembling sons of the gods and equal to Shakra in prowess in battle, prosperous as Vaishravana himself and wise in polity as Brihaspati himself.
Sanskrit: सर्वलोकेश्वराः शूरास्तत्र तत्र विशाम्पते। विप्रद्रुता व्यदृश्यन्त प्राकृता इव मानवाः।।२३।
English: Ruling over vast dominions, and all heroic warriors, O ruler of men, flying hither and thither, were slain like ordinary men.
Sanskrit: दन्तिनश्च नरश्रेष्ठ हीनाः परमसादिभिः। मृदन्तः स्वान्यनीकानि निपेतुः सर्वशब्दगाः॥
English: Huge tusked elephants also, O foremost of men, deprived of their excellent riders, fell down crushing their own ranks and uttering distressful cries,
Sanskrit: चर्मभिश्चामरैश्चत्रैः पताकाभिश्च मारिष। छत्रैः सिहतैर्हमदण्डैश्चामरैश्च समन्ततः॥
English: With their armours, variegated standards, chamaras, white umbrellas with golden staves, and lances shattered, O sire,
Sanskrit: विशीर्णैविप्रधावन्तो दृश्यन्ते स्म दिशो दश। नवमेघप्रतीकाशा जलदोपमनिःस्वनाः॥
English: The huge elephants ran in all the ten points of the compass, resembling newly-risen clouds.। and roaring also like them.
Sanskrit: तथैव दन्तिभिहींना गजारोहा विशाम्पते। प्रधावन्तोऽन्वदृश्यन्त तव तेषां च संकुले॥
English: So also, O ruler of men, elephant riders, deprived of their elephants, were seen to run in all directions in that general engagement between your army and theirs.
Sanskrit: नानादेशसमुत्थांतुरगान हेमभूषितान्। वातायमानानद्राक्षं शतशोऽथ सहस्रशः॥
English: We also beheld steeds born in various regions, decked with golden caparisons, and fleet as the wind itself, by hundreds and by thousands.
Sanskrit: अश्वारोहान् हतैरश्चैर्ग्रहीतासीन् समन्ततः। द्रवमाणानपश्याम द्राव्यमाणांश्च संयुगे॥
English: We also beheld horse soldiers, deprived of their charges chase and chased by, one another in that battle, with swords in their grasp.
Sanskrit: गजो गजं समासाद्य द्रवमाणं महाहवे। ययौ प्रमृद्य तरसा पादातान् वाजिनस्तथा॥
English: An elephant meeting a flying compeer in that great battle, rushed with velocity crushing foot soldiers and steeds.
Sanskrit: तथैव च रथान् राजन् प्रममर्द रणे गजः। रथाश्चैव समासाद्य पतितांस्तुरगान् भुवि॥
English: Also, o king, in that battle one elephant crushed many cars, and car also, passing over fallen steeds, crushed them in battle.
Sanskrit: व्यमृद्न् समरे राजंस्तुरगाश्च नरान् रणे। एवं ते बहुधा राजन् प्रत्यमृद्न् परस्परम्॥
English: And also, O king, horses again crushed the foot-soldiers in that battle. Thus, o king, they crushed one another in various modes.
Sanskrit: तस्मिन् रौद्रे तथा युद्धे वर्तमाने महाभये। प्रावर्तत नदी घोरा शोणितान्त्रतरङ्गिणी॥
English: When that awful and fierce battle was thus raging, there started up into existence on the field of battle a hideous river, having blood for its stream,
Sanskrit: अस्थिसंघातसम्बाधा केशशैवलशाद्वला। रथह्रदा शरावर्ता हयमीना दुरासदा॥
English: Choked with piles of bones, and having the hair (of slain warriors) for its moss and weeds. It had cars for its lakes arrows for its eddies and horses for its fishers; and it was inaccessible.
Sanskrit: शीर्षोपलसमाकीर्णा हस्तिग्राहसमाकुला। कवचोष्णीषफेनौघा धनुर्वेगासिकच्छपा॥
English: It abounded in pebbles consisting of the heads of warrior; as also in sharks &c formed by the elephants. It had armours and headgears for its froth and bows for its current and swords for its tortoises;
Sanskrit: पताकाध्वजवृक्षाढ्या महँकूलापहारिणी। क्रव्यादहंससंकीर्णा यमराष्ट्रविवर्धनी॥
English: The trees on its banks were formed of the numerous standards; it had men for its banks which it ate away constantly. It was infested by swans consisting of cannibals, and it considerably increased the population of Death's domain.
Sanskrit: तां नदी क्षत्रियाः शूरा रथनागहयप्लवैः। प्रतेरुर्बहवो राजन् भयं त्यक्त्वा महारथाः॥
English: Many heroic Kshatriyas all mighty carwarriors crossed that river on their rafts consisting of cars, steeds and elephants, totally driving away fear their hearts.
Sanskrit: अपोवाह रणे भीरून् कश्मलेनाभिसंवृतान्। यथा वैतरणी प्रेतान् प्रेतराजपुरं प्रति॥
English: Just as the river Vaitarani conveys all departed spirits to the dominions of the ruler of spirits, so, in that afternoon, that river carried away (with its bloody currents) all cowards that became overwhelmed with a swoon.
Sanskrit: प्राक्रोशन् क्षत्रियास्तत्र दृष्ट्वा तद् वैशसं महत्। दुर्योधनापराधेन गच्छन्ति क्षत्रियाः क्षयम्॥
English: Then in that battle the Kshatriyas beholding that awful carnage, exclaimed saying. Through the folly of Duryodhana, Kshatriyas are being thus destroyed.
Sanskrit: गुणवत्सु कथं द्वेषं धृतराष्ट्रो जनेश्वरः। कृतवान् पाण्डुपुत्रेषु पापात्मा लोभमोहितः॥
English: Why did Dhritarashtra of wicked soul, that ruler of men, infatuated by covetousness, harbor feelings of envy against the sons of Pandu, all endued with many virtues."
Sanskrit: एवं बहुविधा वाचः श्रूयन्ते स्म परस्परम्। पाण्डवस्तवसंयुक्ताः पुत्राणां ते सुदारुणाः॥
English: Various exclamations of this kind, purporting to be applause to the Pandavas and censures to your sons, were heard there addressed to one another.
Sanskrit: ता निशम्य ततो वाचः सर्वयोधैरुदाहृताः। आगस्कृत् सर्वलोकस्य पुत्रो दुर्योधनस्तव॥
English: Hearing these exclamations vociferated by all the warriors, your son Duryodhana, that offender of all men,
Sanskrit: भीष्मं द्रोणं कृपं चैव शल्यं चोवाच भारत। युध्यध्वमनहंकाराः किं चिरं कुरुथेति च॥
English: Addressing Bhishma, Drona, Kripa and Shalya said, O Bharata “Do you go on fighting with self-confidence? Why do you tarry at all?”
Sanskrit: ततः प्रववृत्ते युद्धं कुरूणां पाण्डवैः सह। अक्षद्यूतकृतं राजन् सुघोरं वैशसं तदा॥
English: Then ensued a battle between the Kurus and the Pandavas. O king, that owed its origin to that game at dice and that brought about awful carnage.
Sanskrit: यत् पुरा न निगृह्णासि वार्यमाणो महात्मभिः। वैचित्रवीर्य तस्येदं फलं पश्य सुदारुणम्॥
English: Now do you see, O son of Vichitravirya, the dreadful fruit of your refusal to accept the salutary advice (of your friends), though warned against it by many high souled heroes.
Sanskrit: न हि पाण्डुसुता राजन् ससैन्याः सपदानुगाः। रक्षन्ति समरे प्राणान् कौरवा वापि संयुगे॥
English: Neither the sons of Pandu, O king, with their soldiers and followers, nor the Kauravas pay any the least head to their lives in that battle.
Sanskrit: एतस्मात् कारणाद् घोरो वर्तते स्वजनक्षयः। दैवाद् वा पुरुषव्याघ्र तव चापनयानृप॥
English: For this reason, O foremost of men, a dreadful destruction of men is taking place, brought about by Destiny or by your wicked policy, O king.
Sanskrit: वैशम्पायन उवाच श्रुत्वा स राजा राजर्षेरिन्द्रद्युम्नस्य तत् तदा। मार्कण्डेयान्महाभागात् स्वर्गस्य प्रतिपादनम्॥ युधिष्ठिरो महाराज पुनः पप्रच्छ तं मुनिम्।
English: Vaishampayana said : Having heard from the highly exalted Markandeya the story of the royal sage Indradyumna's regaining heaven, the king Yudhishthira, the great monarch, again asked the Rishi,
Sanskrit: कीदृशीषु ह्यवस्थासु दत्त्वा दानं महामुने॥ इन्द्रलोकं त्वनुभवेत् पुरुषस्तद् द्रवीहि मे।
English: “O great Rishi, tell me how a man should practice charity to go to the regions of Indra.
Sanskrit: गार्हस्थ्येऽप्यथवा बाल्ये यौवने स्थविरेऽपि वा। यथा फलं समश्याति तथा त्वं कथयस्व मे॥
English: Is it by practicing charity when leading the domestic life or in boyhood or in youth or in the old age (that one goes to Indra's abode)? Tell me the respective merits of charity in different stages of life.
Sanskrit: मार्कण्डेय उवाच वृथा जन्मानि चत्वारि वृथा दानानि षोडश। वृथा जन्म ह्यपुत्रस्य ये च धर्मबहिष्कृताः॥ परपाकेषु येऽश्नन्ति आत्मार्थं च पचेत् तु यः। पर्यश्नन्ति वृथा ये च तदसत्यं प्रकीर्त्यते।५॥
English: Markandeya said : The life, that is useless, is of four kinds and the charity which is useless is of sixteen kinds. That life is useless in which there is no son born, in which one has no virtue. In which one lives on food given by another and in which one cook (food) for himself only, without giving to the Pitris, the celestials and the guests and one who eats before all these.
Sanskrit: आरूढपतिते दत्तमन्यायोपहृतं च यत्। व्यर्थंतु पतिते दानं ब्राह्मणे तस्करे तथा॥
English: The gift to one who has fallen away from the path of virtue and the gift of wealth which has been earned wrongly and dishonestly are both useless. The gifts to a fallen Brahmana, to a thief to a false preceptor, are also useless.
Sanskrit: गुरौ चानृतिके पापे कृतघ्ने ग्रामयाजके। वेदविक्रयिणे दत्तं तथा वृषलयाजके॥ ब्रह्मबन्धुषु यद् दत्तं यद् दत्तं वृषलीपतौ। स्त्रीजनेषु च यद् दत्तं व्यालग्राहे तथैव च॥ परिचारकेषु यद् दत्तं वृथा दानानि षोडश।
English: The gift to an untruthful man, to one who officiates at sacrifices performed by all classes of people residing in a village, to one that sells the Vedas to a Brahmana who cooks for a Shudra, to one who is by birth a Brahmana, but who does not perform the duties of his order, is all in vain. The gift to one who has married a girl already in her puberty, to a woman, to one who sports with a snake and to one who is engaged in minimal services, is also in vain. These are the sixteen useless charities.
Sanskrit: तमोवृतस्तु यो दद्याद् भयात् क्रोधात् तथैव च।॥ भुङ्क्ते च दानं तत् सर्वं गर्भस्थस्तु नरः सदा। ददद् दानं द्विजातिभ्यो वृद्धभावेन मानवः॥
English: He who gives away wealth out of fear or anger. Enjoys the fruits of that charity when he remains in the womb of his mother. The man who gives away (wealth) to the Brahmanas, enjoys its fruits while he is in old age.
Sanskrit: तस्मात् सर्वास्ववस्थासु सर्वदानानि पार्थिव दातव्यानि द्विजातिभ्यः स्वर्गमार्गजिगीषया॥
English: O king, therefore, the man who desires to get to the path of heaven should under all conditions give away (wealth) to the Brahmanas.
Sanskrit: युधिष्ठिर उवाच चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य सर्वस्य वर्तमानाः प्रतिग्रहे। केन विप्रा विशेषेण तारयन्ति तरन्ति च॥
English: Yudhishthira said : By what means do the Brahmanas, who receive gifts from all the four orders, save others as well as themselves?
Sanskrit: मार्कण्डेय उवाच जपैर्मन्त्रैश्च होमैश्च स्वाध्यायाध्ययनेन च। नावं वेदमयीं कृत्वा तारयन्ति तरन्ति च॥
English: Markandeya said: By Japa, by Mantras by Homa and by the study of the Vedas, they (Brahmanas) build a Veda boat and with it they save others as well as themselves.
Sanskrit: ब्राह्मणांस्तोषयेद् यस्तु तुष्यन्ते तस्य देवताः। वचनाच्चापि विप्राणां स्वर्गलोकमवाप्नुयात्॥
English: The celestials themselves are gratified with that man who gratifies the Brahmanas. At the command of a Brahmana a man obtains heaven.
Sanskrit: पितृदैवतपूजाभिर्ब्राह्मणाभ्यर्चनेन च। अनन्तं पुण्यलोकं तु गन्तासि त्वं न संशयः॥
English: O king, you will certainly go to heaven for your worshipping the Pitris and the celestials and for your showing great reverence to the Brahmanas,
Sanskrit: श्लेष्मादिभिर्व्याप्ततनुम्रियमाणो विचेतनः। ब्राह्मणा एव सम्पूज्याः पुण्यं स्वर्गमभीप्सता।१६।।
English: Even if your body be dull and weak and full of phlegm. He who desires to obtain virtue and heaven should worship the Brahmanas.