pari-kulkarni/itihasa-sanskrit-en-filtered huggingface dataset:
Sanskrit: अर्थं वा यदि वा धर्म समर्थो देशकालवित्। अर्थसंशयमापन्नः श्रेयान्निः संशयो नरः॥
English: When one, able to discriminate the propriety of time and place and knowing both virtue and worldly good, is doubtful of his course, he should without hesitation do that which is virtuous.
Sanskrit: यस्मात् संशयितेऽप्यर्थेऽयथान्यायं प्रवर्तसे। तस्माद् योत्स्यामि सहितस्त्वया राम महाहवे॥
English: Since you act unrighteously towards me in a matter connected with profit, I shall certainly fight with you in a great battle.
Sanskrit: पश्य मे बाहुवीर्यं विक्रमं चातिमानुषम्। एवं गतेऽपि तु मया यच्छक्यं भृगुनन्दन।॥
English: Behold the strength of my arms and superhuman prowess and what I am capable of, under such circumstances.
Sanskrit: तत् करिष्ये कुरुक्षेत्रे योत्स्ये विप्र त्वया सह। द्वन्द्वे राम यथेष्टं मे सज्जीभव महाद्युते॥
English: I shall do what I can and O regenerate one, I shall fight with you in Kurukshetra; and since you are desirous to fight, be prepared for battle.
Sanskrit: तत्र त्वं निहतो राम मया शरशतार्दितः। प्राप्स्यसे निर्जिताँल्लोकान् शस्त्रपूतो महारणे॥
English: Go, O you who are fond of war, and return to the field of Kurukshetra and I shall go there to fight with you, O you whose only wealth is devotion.
Sanskrit: स गच्छ विनिवर्तस्व कुरुक्षेत्रं रणप्रिय। तत्रैष्यामि महाबाहो युद्धाय त्वांत पोधन॥
English: Being slain by a hundred arrows shot by me, you will obtain those regions earned by your asceticism, being sanctified by my weapons in the battle.
Sanskrit: अपि तत्र त्वया राम कृतं शौचं पुरा पितुः। तत्राहमपि हत्वा त्वां शौचं कर्ताऽस्मि भार्गव॥
English: Where in days of days of old, you sanctified the name of your fathers, even there shall I sanctify you, O you of Bhrigu's race.
Sanskrit: तत्र राम समागच्छ त्वरितं युद्धदुर्मदा व्यपनेष्यामि ते दर्थं पौराणं ब्राह्मणब्रुव॥ राम बहुशः
English: Therefore come there quickly, O you who are hard to vanquish in battle and I shall destroy your boast of days of old, which is even now referred to by Brahmanas,
Sanskrit: यच्चापि कत्थसे परिवत्सरे। निर्जिताः क्षत्रिया लोके मयैकेनेति तच्छृणु॥
English: The boast that you have indulged in for a long time past, namely the entire body of Kshatriyas have been conquered by me alone, listen to the cause thereof.
Sanskrit: न तदा जातवान् भीष्मः क्षत्रियो वापि मद्विधः। पश्चाज्जातानि तेजांसि तृणेषु ज्वलितं त्वया।॥
English: At that time Bhishma was not born not even a Kshatriya like myself, energetic beings were created afterwards, you consumed only straw.
Sanskrit: यस्ते युद्धमयं दधैं कामं च व्यपनाशयेत्। सोऽहं जातो महाबाहो भीष्मः परपुरंजयः। व्यपनेष्यामि ते दर्प युद्धे राम न संशयः॥
English: He, who will remove your boasts of velour and desire for war, is now born. He is myself, Bhishma, the subjugator of hostile cities and I shall destroy your pride in battle. There is no doubt about it.
Sanskrit: भीष्म उवाच ततो मामब्रवीद् रामः प्रहसन्निव भारत। दिष्ट्या भीष्म मया साधू योद्धुमिच्छसि संगरे॥
English: Bhishma said Then did Rama say to me with a laugh, O Bharata:-It is fortunate, O Bhishma that you want to fight with me in battle.
Sanskrit: अयं गच्छामि कौरव्य कुरुक्षेत्रं त्वया सह। भाषितं ते करिष्यामि तत्रागच्छ परंतप॥
English: I shall now go, O son of Kuru, to Kurukshetra with you. I shall do what you say. Go there, O chastiser of foes.
Sanskrit: तत्र त्वां निहतं माता मया शरशताचितम्। जाह्नवी पश्यतां भीष्म गृध्रकङ्कबलाशनम्॥
English: There will your mother Jahnavi see yourself slain by my hundred arrows, O Bhishma, and be made the food of vultures and other birds of prey.
Sanskrit: कृपणं त्वामभिप्रेक्ष्य सिद्धचारणसेविता। मया विनिहतं देवी रोदतामद्य पार्थिव॥
English: O ruler of the earth, let your mothe worshipped by Siddhas and Charanas seeing yourself slain by me, weep today.
Sanskrit: अतदर्हा महाभागा भगीरथसुताऽधा। या त्वामजीजनन्मन्दं युद्धकामुकमातुरम्॥
English: Your mother of great parts, the daughter of Bhagiratha that gave birth to you, fool that you are, and affected by the desire of fight, is however undeserving of such a sight.
Sanskrit: एहि गच्छ मया भीष्म युद्धकामुद दुर्मद। गृहाण सर्वं कौरव्य रथादि भरतर्षभ॥
English: Come and let us go together, O Bhishma, who are hard to vanquish in battle and desirous of war; take, O son of Kuru, your chariots etc. O foremost among the Bharatas,
Sanskrit: इति ब्रवाणां तमहं रामं परपुरंजयम्। प्रणम्य शिरसा राममेवमस्त्वित्यथाब्रुवम्॥
English: To Rama the conquered of enemies towns who thus said then I bowed my head and said "Be it so."
Sanskrit: एवमुक्त्वा ययौ रामः कुरुक्षेत्रं युयुत्सया। प्रविश्य नगरं चाहं सत्यवत्यै न्यवेदयम्॥
English: Rama, saying this, went to Kurukshetra with the desire of war and I too entering the city submitted every thing to Satyavati.
Sanskrit: ततः कृतस्वस्त्ययनो मात्रा च प्रतिनन्दितः। द्विजातीन् वाच्य पुण्याहं स्वस्ति चैव महाद्युते॥
English: Then after performing propitiatory rites and being blessed by my mother and asking the twice born to bless me,
Sanskrit: रथमास्थाय रुचिरं राजतं पाण्डुरैर्हयैः। सूपस्करं स्वधिष्ठानं वैयाघ्रपरिवारणम्॥
English: I mounted a beautiful chariot made of silver and drawn by white horses, beautiful to look at, furnished with good seats, and covered with tiger skins.
Sanskrit: उपपन्नं महाशस्त्रैः सर्वोपकरणान्वितम्। तत्कुलीनेन वीरेण हयशास्त्रविदाणे॥
English: It was also furnished with great weapons and all other necessary things and guided by a charioteer of good birth well versed in the art of the management of horses,
Sanskrit: यत्तुं सूतेन शिष्टेन बहुशो दृष्टकर्मणा। दंशितः पाण्डुरेणाहं कवचेन वपुष्मता॥
English: Careful and well trained in battle and who had seen many deeds of bravery. I too, with my body covered with a white coat of mail,
Sanskrit: पाण्डुरं कार्मुकं गृह्य प्राया भरतसत्तम। पाण्डुरेणातपत्रेण ध्रियमाणेन मूर्धनि॥
English: And taking a white bow, went out, O best among the Bharatas with a white umbrella held over my head.
Sanskrit: पाण्डुरैश्चापि व्यजनैर्वीज्यमानो नराधिप। शुक्लवासाः सितोष्णीषः सर्वशुक्लविभूषणः॥
English: I was also fanned by white fans, O ruler of men. I was clad with white garments, white head dress and all my ornaments were white.
Sanskrit: स्तूयमानो जयाशीभिनिष्क्रम्य गजसाह्वयात्। कुरुक्षेत्रं रणक्षेत्रमुपायां भरतर्षभ॥
English: I went out of the city called after the elephant, being eulogized with prayers for my victory and approached the site of battle namely Kurukshetra.
Sanskrit: ते हयाश्चोदितास्तेन सूतेन परमाहवे। अवहन् मां भृशं राजन् मनोमारुतरंहसः॥
English: Those horses fleet as the mind or the wind, urged by that charioteer, took me, O king, to the great battle.
Sanskrit: गत्वाहं तत् कुरुक्षेत्रं स च रामः प्रतापवान्। युद्धाय सहसा राजन् पराक्रान्तौ परस्परम्॥
English: Myself as also that Rama endued with luster having reached Kurukshetra was each desirous of showing our prowess.
Sanskrit: ततः संदर्शनेऽतिष्ठं रामस्यातितपस्विनः। प्रगृह्य शङ्खप्रवरं ततः प्राधममुत्तमम्॥
English: Coming within the sight of that excellent ascetic Rama, I took my good conch and loudly blew it.
Sanskrit: ततस्तत्र द्विजा राजंस्तापसाश्च वनौकसः। अपश्यन्त रणं दिव्यं देवाः सेन्द्रगणास्तदा॥
English: At the time, O king, there were ascetics and other dwellers of the forest as well as groups of gods with Indra at their head to see that fight.
Sanskrit: ततो दिव्यानि माल्यानि प्रादुरासंस्ततस्ततः। वादित्राणि च दिव्यानि मेघवृन्दानि चैव ह॥
English: There were seen at the time divine garlands and divine music and masses of clouds.
Sanskrit: ततस्ते तापसाः सर्वे भार्गवस्यानुयायिनः। प्रेक्षकाः समपद्यन्त परिवार्य रणाजिरम्॥
English: Then did all the devotees, the followers of the scion of Bhrigu's race, become the spectators and surround us.
Sanskrit: ततो मामब्रवीद् देवी सर्वभूतहितैषिणी। माता स्वरूपिणी राजन् किमिदं ते चिकीर्षितम्॥
English: Then did my divine mother, doing good to all creatures, in her own form say to me, O king, "what is this desired by you?
Sanskrit: गत्वाहं जामदग्न्यं तु प्रयाचिष्ये कुरूद्वह। भीष्मेण सह मा योत्सी: शिष्येणेति पुनः पुनः॥
English: O supporter of the Kuru race, going to the son of Jamadagni I shall beg of him again and again saying: Do not fight with Bhishma.
Sanskrit: मा मैवं पुत्र निर्बन्धं कुरु विप्रेण पार्थिव। जामदग्न्येन समरे योद्धमित्येव भद्यत्॥
English: Do not, my son fight thus with a Brahmana, O ruler of the earth, do not fight with the son of Jamadagni;" it was thus that she reproved me.
Sanskrit: किन्न वै क्षत्रियहणो हरतुल्यपराक्रमः। विदितः पुत्रः रामस्ते यतस्तं योद्भुमिच्छसि॥
English: He has strength similar to that of Hara and he is the exterminator of the Kshatriya race, Rama with whom you desire to fight is well known to you.
Sanskrit: ततोऽहमब्रुवं देवीमभिवाद्य कृताञ्जलिः। सर्वं तद् भरतश्रेष्ठ यथावृत्तं स्वयंवरे॥
English: Then did I say to that goddess after bowing to her and clasping my hands all that had happened in the election of husband, O foremost among the Bharatas.
Sanskrit: यथा च रामो राजेन्द्र मया पूर्वं प्रचोदितः। काशिराजसुतायाश्च यथा कर्म पुरातनम्॥
English: I told her also the way Rama had been spoken to by me, O chief among kings, and the old doings of the daughter of the king of the Kashis.
Sanskrit: ततः सा राममभ्येत्य जननी मे महानदी। मदर्षं तमृर्षि वीक्ष्य क्षमयामास भार्गवम्॥
English: Then my mother, the great river, going to Rama and trying to entreat that Rishi, that scion of Bhrigu's race for my sake,
Sanskrit: भीष्मेण सह मा योत्सीः शिष्येणेति वचोऽब्रवीत्। स च तामाह याचन्तीं भीष्ममेव निवर्तय। न च मे कुरुते काममित्यहं तमुपागमम्॥
English: Said these words: “Do not fight with Bhishma for he is your pupil” and he too said to her who was beseeching him. “Turn back the purpose of Bhishma. I am here because he does not perform what I desire."
Sanskrit: वैशम्पायन उवाच ततो गङ्गा सुतस्नेहाद् भीष्मं पुनरुपागमत्। न चास्याश्चाकरोद् वाक्यं क्रोधपर्याकुलेक्षणः॥
English: Vaishampayana said Then did Ganga, out of affection for her son, come again to Bhishma but he with eyes expanded with wrath did not attend to her words.
Sanskrit: अथादृश्यत धर्मात्मा भृगुश्रेष्ठो महातपाः। आह्वयामास च तदा युद्धाय द्विजसत्तमः॥
English: Then did the great devotee of virtuous soul, the foremost of the race of Bhrigu present himself to his view and that best among the twice born summoned him to fight.
Sanskrit: मार्कण्डेय उवाच ग्रहाः सोपग्रहाश्चैव ऋषयो मातरस्तथा। हुताशनमुखाश्चैव दृप्ताः पारिषदां गणाः॥ एते चान्ये च बहवो घोरास्त्रिदिववासिनः। परिवार्य महासेनं स्थिता मातृगणैः सह॥ संदिग्धं विजयं दृष्ट्वा विजयेप्सुः सुरेश्वरः। आरुखैरावतस्कन्धं प्रययौ दैवतैः सह॥
English: Markandeya said: The planets with their satellites, the Rishis and the mothers, Agni and numerrous other blazing countries and many other fearful dwellers of heaven waited on Mahasena with the mothers. The illustrious lord of the celestial, wishing to win victory and believing success to be difficult to be attained mounted his elephant. Airavata; and attended by the other celestial advanced towards Skanda.
Sanskrit: आदाय वलां बलवान् सर्वैर्देवगणैर्वृतः। विजिघांसुर्महासेनमिन्द्रस्तूर्णतरं ययौ॥ उग्रं तं च महानादं देवानीकं महाप्रभम्। विचित्रध्वजसंनाहं नानावाहनकार्मुकम्॥ प्रवराम्बरसंवीतं श्रिया जुष्टमलङ्कृतम्। विजिघांसुं तमायान्तं कुमारः शक्रमन्वयात्॥ विनदन् पार्थ देवेशो द्रुतं याति महाबलः। संहर्षयन् देवसेनां जिघांसुः पावकात्मजम्॥ सम्पूज्यमानस्त्रिदशैस्तथैव परमर्षिभिः। समीपमथ सम्प्राप्तः कार्तिकेयस्य वासवः॥
English: Surrounded by all the celestial and armed with thunder, the mighty Indra with the object of killing Mahasena quickly marched with the fearful celestial army of great effulgence. They sounded their shrill war cry. Furnished with various sorts of war materials, armed with various armours and with numerous bows the warriors rode on various animals. When Mahasena saw the gloriously attired and brilliantly adorned Shakra advancing with the determination of killing him; he to advanced to meet him. O son of Pritha, the mighty Vasava, the lord of the celestial, then uttered a loud shout to encourage his warriors. Marching quickly to kill that son of Agni and being praised by the Tredasas and the great Rishis, he at last reached the abode of Kartikeya.
Sanskrit: सिंहनादं ततश्चक्रे देवेशः सहितः सुरैः। गुहोऽपि शब्दं तं श्रुत्वा व्यनदत् सागरो यथा!॥
English: Thereupon the lord of the celestial with the celestial sent forth lion-like roars. Having heard that roar, Guha also roared like the Ocean.
Sanskrit: तस्य शब्देन महता समुद्भूतोदधिप्रभम्। बभ्राम तत्र तत्रैव देवसैन्यमचेतनम्॥
English: On hearing that noise, the celestial army was agitated like the great ocean-and it was stunned and it remained fixed in one place.
Sanskrit: जिघांसूनुपसम्प्राप्तान् देवान् दृष्ट्वा स पावकिः। विससर्ज मुखात् क्रुद्धः प्रवृद्धाः पावकार्चिषः॥
English: Having seen the celestial come near him with the intention of killing him, that son of Agni was filled with anger and set forth rising flames of fire from within his mouth.
Sanskrit: अदहद् देवसैन्यानि वेपमानानि भूतले। ते प्रदीप्तशिरोदेहाः प्रदीप्तायुधवानहाः॥ प्रच्युताः सहसा भान्ति व्यस्तास्तारागणा इव। दह्यमानाः प्रपन्नास्ते शरणं पावकात्मजम्॥ देवा वलाधरं त्यक्त्वा ततः शान्तिमुपागताः। त्यक्तो देवैस्ततः स्कन्दे वलां शक्रो न्यपातयत्॥
English: Those flames made the celestial army struggle on the ground. Their heads, their bodies, their arms and their riding animals were all burnt in that conflagration; they all appeared like stars displaced from their proper spheres. Thus afflicted they all abandoned the wielder of thunder and took protection of the son of Agni. Thus they secured peace. Being thus forsaken by the celestial, Indra hurled his thunder on Skanda.
Sanskrit: तद्विसृष्टं जघानाशु पार्श्व स्कन्दस्य दक्षिणम्। विभेद च महाराज पार्श्व तस्य महात्मनः॥
English: O great king, it pierced the right side of Skanda and it severed that side of that highsouled being.
Sanskrit: वलाप्रहारात् स्कन्दस्य संजात: पुरुषोऽपरः। युवा काञ्चनसंनाहः शक्तिधृग् दिव्यकुण्डलः॥
English: Being (thus) struck by the thunder, there rose another being from the body of Skanda. He was a gold-complexioned youth with a mace in his hand and celestial ear-rings in his ears.
Sanskrit: यद्वलाविशनाज्जातो विशाखस्तेन सोऽभवत्। संजातमधरं दृष्ट्वा कालानलसमद्युतिम्॥ भयादिन्द्रस्तु तं स्कन्दं प्राञ्जलिः शरणं गतः। तस्याभयं ददौ स्कन्दः सह सैन्यस्य सत्तमः। ततः प्रहृष्टास्त्रिदशा वादित्राण्यभ्यवादयन्॥
English: Because he was born on account of the piercing of the thunder-bolt, he was named Vishakha. Seeing that another being looking like the fearful and all destroying Agni had arisen, he (Indra) was alarmed and with joined hands he sought the protection of Skanda. That high-souled deity asked him to abandon all fear. The celestial were then filled with joy and their musicians then began to play.
Sanskrit: उमोवाच भगवन् भगनेत्रन पूष्णो दन्तिनिपातन। दक्षक्रतुहर त्र्यक्ष संशयो मे महानयम्॥
English: Uma said O Holy one, O you who had torn off the cyes of Bhaga and the teeth of Pushan, O destroyer of the sacrifice of Daksha, O threecyed deity, I have a great doubt.
Sanskrit: चातुर्वण्र्यं भगवता पूर्वं सृष्टं स्वयम्भुवा। केन कर्मविपाकेन वैश्यो गच्छति शूद्रताम्॥
English: Forinerly, the illustrious self-create created the four castes. Through the evil result of what deeds does a Vaishya became a Shudra?
Sanskrit: वैश्यो वा क्षत्रियः केन द्विजो वा क्षत्रियो भवेत्। प्रतिलोमः कथं देव शक्यो धर्मो निवर्तितुम्॥
English: Through, what acts does a Kshatriya become a Vaishya and a Brahmana becomes a Kshatriya? By what means may such degradation of castes bc warded off?
Sanskrit: केन वा कर्मणा विप्रः शूद्रयोनौ प्रजायते। क्षत्रियः शूद्रतामेति केन वा कर्मणा विभो॥
English: Through what deeds' does a Brahmana take birth in his next life, in the Shudra caste? Through what acts, O powerful deity, does a Kshatriya also come down to the status of a Shudra?
Sanskrit: एतन्मे संशयं देव तवद भूतपतेऽनघ। त्रयो वर्णाः प्रकृत्येह कथं ब्राह्मण्यमाप्नुयुः॥
English: O sinless one, O lord of all created beings, do you, O illustrious one, remove this doubt of mine. How, again can the three castes naturally succeed in acquiring the status Brahmanahood?
Sanskrit: श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच ब्राह्मण्यं देवि दुष्प्रापं निसर्गाद् ब्राह्मणः शुभे। क्षत्रियो वैश्यशूद्रौ वा निसर्गादिति मे मतिः॥
English: The Illustrious One said The status of a Brahmana, O goddess is highly difficult to attain. O auspicious lady, one becomes a Brahmana through creation or birth. Similarly the Kshatriya, the Vaishya, and the Shudra, all becomes so through original creation. This is my opinion.
Sanskrit: कर्मणा दुष्कृतेनेह स्थानाद् भ्रश्यति वै द्विजः। ज्येष्ठं वर्णमनुप्राप्य तस्माद् रक्षेद् वै द्विजः॥
English: He, however, that is born a Brahmana goes down from his status through his own evil deeds. Hence, the Brahmana, after having acquired the status of the first order, should always protect it.
Sanskrit: स्थितो ब्राह्मणधर्मेण ब्राह्मण्यमुपजीवति। क्षत्रियो वाथ वैश्यो वा ब्रह्मभूयं स गच्छति॥
English: If one who is a Kshatriya or Vaishya performs those duties which are assigned to the Brahmana, after the manner of a Brahmana, he becomes a Brahman.
Sanskrit: यस्तु विप्रत्वमुत्सृज्य क्षात्रं धर्मं निषेवते। ब्राह्मण्यात् स परिभ्रष्टः क्षत्रयोनौ प्रजायते॥
English: That Brahmana who renounces the duties of his order for following those of the Kshatriya, is considered as one who has fallen away from the status of a Brahmana and who has become a Kshatriya.
Sanskrit: वैश्यकर्म च यो विप्रो लोभमोहव्यपाश्रयः। ब्राह्मण्यं दुर्लभं प्राप्य करोत्यमल्पमतिः सदा॥ स द्विजो वैश्यतामेति वैश्यो वा शूद्रतामियात्। स्वधर्मात् प्रच्युतो विप्रस्ततः शूद्रत्वमाप्नुते॥
English: That little-witted Brahmana, who, moved by cupidity and folly, follows the practices assigned to Vaishyas, forgetful of his position as a Brahmana that is highly difficult to attain, comes to be considered as one who has become a Vaishya. Likewise, one who is a Vaishya by birth may, by following the practices of a Shudra, become a Shudra. Indeed, a Brahmana falling away from the duties of his own order. may go down to the status of even a Shudra.
Sanskrit: तत्रासौ निरयं प्राप्तो वर्णभ्रष्टो बहिष्कृतः। ब्रह्मलोकात् परिभ्रष्टः शूद्रः समुपजायते॥
English: Such a Brahmana, degraded from the order of his birth and outcasted, without attaining to the region of Brahman, sinks into Hell, and in his next birth becomes born as a Shudra.
Sanskrit: क्षत्रियो वा महाभागे वैश्यो वा धर्मचारिणि। स्वानि कर्माण्यपाहाय शूद्रकर्म निषेवते॥ स्वस्थानात् स परिभ्रष्टो वर्णसंकरतां गतः। ब्राह्मणः क्षत्रियो वैश्यः शूद्रत्वं याति तादृशः॥
English: A highly blessed Kshatriya or a Vaishya, who renounces the duties of his order, and follows the practices of a Shudra, falls away from his own order and becomes a person of mixed caste. It is in this way that a Brahmana, or a Kshatriya, or a Vaishya, comes by the position of a Shudra.
Sanskrit: यस्तु बुद्धः स्वधर्मेण ज्ञानविज्ञानवाशुचिः। धर्मज्ञो धर्मनिरतः स धर्मफलमश्नुते॥
English: That man who has acquired clearness of vision through practice of the duties of his own casic, who is gifted with knowledge and science, who is pure (in body and inind), who knows every duty and is devoted to the practice of all his duties, is sure to enjoy the rewards of virtue.
Sanskrit: इदं चैवापरं देवि ब्रह्मणा समुदाहृतम्। अध्यात्मं नैष्टिकं सद्भिर्धर्मकामैनिषेव्यते॥
English: I shall now recite to you, O goddess, a saying uttered by Brahman on this subject. The virtuous and those who are desirous of acquiring mcrit always pursue with firmness the culture of the soul.
Sanskrit: उग्रानं गर्हितं देवि गणान्नं श्राद्धसूतकम्। दुष्टानं नैव भोक्तव्यं शूद्रान्नं नैव कर्हिचित्॥
English: The food that comes from cruel and fierce persons is censurable. So also is the food that has been cooked for serving a large number of persons. The same is said of the food that is cooked for the first Shraddha of a dead person. So also is the food that is sullied for the usual faults and the food that is supplied by a Shudra. These should never be taken by a Brahmana at any time.
Sanskrit: शूद्रान्नं गर्हितं देवि सदा देवैर्महात्मभिः। पितामहमुखोत्सृष्टं प्रमाणमिति मे मतिः॥
English: The food of a Shudra, O goddess, is always disapproved of by the great deities. This, I think, is the authority enunciated by the Grandfather with his own mouth.
Sanskrit: शूद्रान्नेनावशेषेण जठरे या म्रियेद् द्विजः। आहिताग्निस्तथा यज्वा स शूद्रगतिभाग् भवेत्॥
English: If a Brahmana, who has set up the sacred fire and who performs sacrifices, were to die with any portion of a Shudra's food remaining undigested in his stomach, he is sure to be born a Shudra.
Sanskrit: तेन शूद्रानशेषेण ब्रह्मस्थानादपाकृतः। ब्राह्मणः शूद्रतामेति नास्ति तत्र विचारणा॥
English: On account of those remains of a Shudra's food in his stomach, he falls away from the position of a Brahmana. Such a Brahmana becomes surely a Shudra.
Sanskrit: यस्यान्नेनावशेषेण जठरे यो म्रियेद् द्विजः। तां तां योनि व्रजेद् विप्रो यस्यान्नमुपजीवति॥
English: The Brahmana in his next life comes by the position of that order upon whose food he lives through life or with the undigested portion of whose food in his stomach he dies.
Sanskrit: ब्राह्मणत्वं शुभं प्राप्य दुर्लभं योऽवमन्यते। अभोज्यान्नानि चाश्नाति स द्विजत्वात् पतेत वै॥
English: That man who having acquired the sacred position of a Brahmana which is so difficult to acquire, disregards it and eats forbidden food, falls away from his high status.
Sanskrit: सुरापो ब्रह्महा क्षुद्रश्चोरो भग्नवतोऽशुचिः। स्वाध्यायवर्जित: पापो लुब्धो नैकृतिकः शठः॥ अव्रती वृषलीभर्ता कुण्डाशी सोमविक्रयी। निहीनसेवी विप्रो हि पतति ब्रह्मयोनितः॥
English: That Brahmana who drinks alcohol, who becomes guilty of Brahmanicide or mean in his conduct, or a thief, or who breaks his vows, or becomes impure, or unmindful of his Vedic studies, or sinful, or characterised by cupidity, or guilty of cunning, or a cheat, or who does not observe vows, or who marries a Shudra woman, or who derives his livelihood by pandering to the lusts of other people, or who sells the Soma plant, or who serves a person of a low caste, falls away from his status of Brahman-hood.
Sanskrit: गुरुतल्पी गुरुद्रोही गुरुकुत्सारतिश्च यः। ब्रह्मविच्चापि पतति ब्राह्मणो ब्रह्मयोनितः॥
English: That Brahmana who violates the bed of his preceptor, or who takes a pleasure in speaking ill of him, falls away from the status of Brahmanahood even if he knows Brahma.
Sanskrit: एभिस्तु कर्मभिर्देवि शुभैराचरितैस्तथा। शूद्रो ब्राह्मणतां याति वैश्यः क्षत्रियतां व्रजेत्॥
English: By these good deeds again, O goddess, when performed, a Shudra becomes Brahmana, and Vaishya becomes Kshatriya.
Sanskrit: शूद्रकर्माणि सर्वाणि यथान्यायं यथाविधि। शुश्रूषां परिचर्यां च ज्येष्ठे वर्णे प्रयत्नतः॥
English: The Shudra should perform all the duties sanctioned for him, properly and according to the ordinance. He should always serve, with obedience and humility, persons of the three others castes and serve them with care.
Sanskrit: कुर्यादविमनाः शूद्रः सततं सत्पथे स्थितः। देवद्विजातिसत्कर्ता सर्वातिथ्यकृतव्रतः॥
English: Always following the path of virtue, the Shudra should cheerfully do all this. He should honour the celestials and twiceborn persons. He should observe the vow of hospitality to all persons.
Sanskrit: ऋतुकालाभिगामी च नियतो नियताशनः चोक्षश्चोक्षजनान्वेषी शेषान्नकृतभोजनः॥
English: With senses kept under control and becoming abstemious in food, he should never approach his wife except in her season. He should ever search after persons who are holy and pure. As regards food, he should eat that which remains after the needs of all persons have been fulfilled.
Sanskrit: वृथामांसं न भुञ्जीत शूद्रो वैश्यत्वमृच्छति। ऋतवागनहंवादी निर्द्वन्द्वः शमकोविदः॥
English: If, indeed, the Shudra wishes to be a Vaishya (in his next life), he should also abstain from meat of animals not killed in sacrifices. If a Vaishya wishes to be a Brahmana (in his next life), he should perform these duties. He should be truthful in speech, and shorn of pride or arrogance. He should be above all pairs of opposites. He should observe the duties of peace and tranquility.