There are different solutions for the production of energy from sea waves, for example, solutions based on wave height, wave movement, etc. The present invention utilizes both the wave length and the wave width by the forward wave motion, the backward wave motion and the force of gravity in the most efficient way, something that other proposed solutions do not.
The following are examples of the innovation inherent in the present invention as compared with the patents enumerated below, both from the point of view of the operating principle and structure, and from the point of view of energy considerations—allowing greater energy to be attained and produced.    1. (i) U.S. Pat. No. 5,084,630 utilizes only the width of the wave and not the length thereof.            In this patent there is disclosed a system consisting of number of units provided with paddles for each section of wave width. At the bottom of each paddle there are plates. The plates are spaced laterally one from another relative to the direction of wave movement (FIG. 1, the patent top view, shows it). Each paddle activates a pump. In this way, the wave power is not sufficiently utilized because after the wave strikes the paddle and leaves it, it continues to advance and is not longer in contact with the paddle, In FIG. 1, part of the 30 hits the plate 44, leaves the paddle and the wave's part continues to move without utilized its power any more. Other parts of the wave 30 hit the plates 46, 48, 50, 52, 54 and 56, each one wave's part hits only one plate and continue to move without utilizing its power any more. Hence, the wave's power is not fully utilized. The system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,084,630 utilizes variations in sea level. For this purpose it is provided with a dedicated subsystem, including a set of separates pumps. Due to this provision the whole system is complicated, as it requires additional control means for coordination of the paddle disposition with the variation in sea level. Furthermore, as the disposition of the paddle is continuously changed and the paddle is not submerged deeply enough to maximally utilize available energy, it is not possible to utilize the energy of those wave's components that move under the wave.        
The present invention utilizes:                most efficiently both the length and the width of the wave in the following way:        The lower extremities of the paddles are parallel to the wave width. They are arranged one after other in such a way that from a top view, they are arranged in series. Then, when the wave's part strikes the lower extremity of the first paddle it continues to move, and also strikes the other paddles, until the wave's part is flattened. In this way, the power of the wave is consumed more efficiently so as to get maximum energy from the wave. The energy of the next wave coming after the first wave will be utilized in a similar way.        
(ii) U.S. Pat. No. 5,084,630 utilizes:                Only the energy in one direction of each paddle. When a paddle, 66+68+70+82+84 as it is shown in FIGS. 3-7, moves pivotal forward, the piston 124+128 as it is shown in FIG. 8, pushes oil within hydraulic cylinder 130 to give the energy to the generator 196, through 188, 146 and accumulartor 140. The oil comes from hydraulic tank 208 through pipe 210. When the paddle returns backward after the wave leaves the paddle, the piston 124+128 returns back and presses some air and/or oil, if desired back to the tank 208 through inlet pipe 212. The accumulator 140 does not get oil and the generator 196 does not get energy. The U.S. Pat. No. 5,084,630 has a one direction piston. The patent uses the paddle energy in one direction, the patent does not utilize the paddle's energy.        
The present invention utilizes:                The whole paddle energy. The invention has for each paddle, a bi-directional piston. When a paddle move forward with the wave, the piston inside the hydraulic cylinder, pushes oil to the first accumulator, after the wave leave the paddle, it returns backward and the same piston pushes oil to the second accumulator. The two accumulators send the oil throgh pipes to an hydraulic engine that rotates a generator. The present invention receive energy from both paddle pivotal forward motion and paddle pivotal backward motion.            2. (i) PCT/IL99/00258 or AU PP8932 or GB9800394.0 patent requests (they are the same requests), (hereinafter: “PCT/IL99/00258 patent requests”) show in the application—page 5 paragraphs 4,6, and 7, that the invention has one rod with two pistons with two hydraulic cylinders, both of them send the oil to one accumulator. It is theoretical, in reality the only way that an accumulator can be filled by hydraulic cylinders is, one by one. The hydraulic cylinders above the paddle rod operate one by one and the hydraulic cylinders below the paddle rod operate one by one also, but all the hydraulic cylinders, above and below paddle rod, don't operate one by one. In this way the accumulator can't be filled and work properly. The PCT/IL99/00258 patent requests can be used only to produce energy up to the accumulator. The accumulator should send oil to hydraulic engine that operates the generator. The PCT/IL99/00258 patent requests can't make progress from the accumulator to the generator, because the accumulator does not work. The PCT/IL99/00258 patent requests not can work and produce energy because it uses one accumulator.
In the present invention, there are two accumulators (it is shown below in FIG. 4). All pistons oil exit in the first direction, fill the first accumulator with oil one by one, when the paddles move forward, and all pistons oil exit in the second direction, fill the second accumulator with oil one by one when the paddles move backward. This invention can be used to produce electric energy with two accumulators that send the oil to hydraulic engine that rotates the generator.
(ii) PCT/IL99/00258 patent request claims don't say that in backward paddle unit motion the energy is utilized, i.e. after a wave leave the paddle's plate and the paddle falls pivoting with its gravitation and the backward wave's power, this paddle energy is not utilized. The only energy that is utilized is the energy of a wave that hits the paddle's plates. The gravitation energy of each paddle and the backward wave's energy aren't utilized.
The present invention shows in claim 1, that either, in forward paddle unit motion, the paddle's energy is accepted and consumed and, in backward paddle unit motion, the paddle's energy is accepted and consumed.
The present invention utilizes:                The whole paddle energy. The invention has a bi-directional piston for each paddle. When a paddle move forward with the wave, the piston inside the hydraulic cylinder, pushes oil to the first accumulator, after the wave leaves the paddle, it returns backward and the same piston pushes oil to the second accumulator. The two accumulators send the oil through pipes to an hydraulic engine that rotates a generator. The present invention receives energy from both motions: paddle pivotal forward motion and paddle pivotal backward motion.        
The present invention produces energy in the most efficient way, and the invention's technology is better than PCT/IL99/00258.    3 (i) PCT/IL01/00271 patent request shows in their application different method and different drawings than the present invention, as explained in the PCT/IL01/00271 International Preliminary Examination Report patent request, Item I, in which the FIG. 1-FIG. 6 are the present invention.
The following is Item I in the above PCT/IL01/00271 report:                “The present examination authority considers that the amendments files with the letter dated Jun. 17, 2002 (received on Oct. 21, 2002) introduce subject-matter which extends beyond the content of the application as originally filed, contrary to Article 34(2)(b) PCT. The amendments concerned are the following:        
With the above-mentioned letter the application has amended the drawing FIGS. 1 and 2 on drawings page 1/6, and has introduced the drawings FIG. 5 on drawings page 4/6 and drawing FIG. 6 on drawing page 5/6. The amended “connections” in FIGS. 1 and 2, as well the two additional drawings FIGS. 5 and 6 where not contained in the drawings pages 1/5-5/5 as originally filed.
It is not apparent how the amended “connections” in FIGS. 1 and 2, or the additional FIGS. 5 and 6 are directly and unambiguously derivable from the content of the application as originally filed. Although the respective structural arrangement shown in said FIGS. 1, 2, 5, and 6 may indeed not be excluded from the original subject-matter, it remains that it is not explicitly indicated in the application as originally filed that said respective structural arrangement of FIGS. 5 and 6 necessarily has to be realized in order to perform the claimed invention, or how/why the original “side-to-side connection” of FIGS. 1 and 2 may be superseded by a “bottom-to-bottom connection”.
Hence, the amendments in FIGS. 1 and 2, as well as the additional FIGS. 5 and 6 implicitly introduce subject-matter which extends beyond the content of the application as originally filed, contrary to the requirements of Article 34(2)(b) PCT.
As foreseen by rule 70.2(c) PCT, this international preliminary examination report is being established as if the above mentioned amendments and additional had not been made. Hence, it is theoretically assumed for the rest of this report that the drawings figures on files are those shown on drawing page 1/5-5/5 as originally filed. Similarly, the description parts related to the amendments and additions in the drawings are considers not to have made.
Form PCT/Separate Sheet/409 (Sheet 1) (EPO-April 1997)”
While the connection of the rod 3 is to the side of 14 as in PCT/IL01/00271 patent request and a wave arrives and hits there is an energy loss that comes from the momentum of the 14 side distance multiply by the paddle's weight. When the plant is large each of the paddles have a big weight, which bring to a high momentum with high energy loss.
Following the PCT/IL01/00271 International Preliminary Examination Report, I was forces to ask the PCT patent request for the present invention with the new FIGS. 1 and 2 that I sent to the PCT/IL01/00271. The figures were not published because the PCT/IL01/00271 International Preliminary Examination Report was not published. In addition: please note to the 3rd paragraph above this paragraph, from the words: “As foreseen by rule 70.2(c) PCT” till the words: “the drawings are considers not to have made.”
This invention bottom-to-bottom connection brings an essential change with high advantage, that the plant energy production is higher than PCT/IL01/00271 patent request.
(ii) The PCT/IL01/00271 patent request uses, in each one of the paddle unit, as it is written in its claim 1, only one crankshaft mechanism and it can be applied only to very small waves. It can be applied for high waves. When a high wave, (e.g. 5 meters wave height, etc. ) arrives, it hits the paddle plates with high force and one crankshaft mechanism, which is the piston 1 in the present invention drawings, should be very large and the piston size is not realistic piston to be operated.
The piston's area is calculated according to the following formula:                The piston area=(The wave's force)/(The pressure in the hydraulic system). Since the piston size is so large and not realistic, the plant must have at least two piston to that each one of the two (for example two) pistons' area is half size of the original one piston and only by splitting the one piston to at least two pistons, the plant can work. The present invention using at least two crankshaft mechanisms, as it is written in the present invention claim 1, which can be applied for high waves that bring high power for high plant electric energy production.        
Each one of the above two alterations in respect of PCT/IL01/00271 patent request is an essential alteration. According the above 1st alteration the, the present invention plant energy production is much more than in PCT/IL01/00271 patent request, and according to the 2nd alteration, the present invention can work and produce energy with high and low waves, while PCT/IL01/00271 patent request can work only with low waves.
The present invention produces energy in the most efficient way, and the invention's technology is better than PCT/IL011/00271 patent request.    4. (i) Patent GB 384603A and Patent JP 57081168 have one crankshaft mechanism for the whole paddles.
The energy consideration is:                The power of each wave is known on the basis of the wave's height and width. The wave strikes the first paddle, the second paddle, the third paddle and so forth, until the wave completely flattens, and then the next wave comes along. Just like an accumulator that is depleted, so the system takes all the power minus losses.        
In General:
  Power  =            Energy      Time        =                  The        ⁢                                  ⁢                  plant          '                ⁢        s        ⁢                                  ⁢        power            =                                                                  The                ⁢                                                                  ⁢                total                ⁢                                                                  ⁢                energies                ⁢                                                                  ⁢                of                ⁢                                                                  ⁢                all                ⁢                                                                  ⁢                paddles                ⁢                                                                  ⁢                situated                                                                                        in                ⁢                                                                  ⁢                series                ⁢                                                                  ⁢                between                ⁢                                                                  ⁢                two                ⁢                                                                  ⁢                waves                                                              Time          ⁢                                          ⁢          between          ⁢                                          ⁢          two          ⁢                                          ⁢          waves                    
The mathematical principle of calculating the wattage:
P—The power as calculated according to its height and breadth.
μ—Paddle efficiency.
Number ofWave power before the NthPaddles - NPaddlePaddle Power1PP * μ2P − P * μ(P − P * μ) * μ3(P − P * μ) − (P − P * μ) * μ =P(1 − μ)2 * μP(1 − μ)2.........P - The power as calculated according to its height and breadth.μ - Paddle efficiency.
Thus, the series continues, so that the greater the number of paddles, the greater the system power, up to the maximum P.
The rod that links the last paddle to the crankshaft mechanism in Patent GB 384603A and Patent JP 57081168 is extremely big and long because of the long distance between two waves.
In order to obtain maximum power, it is necessary to provide at least 15 paddles. When the waves are 2 meters to 5 meters height, the distance between two waves is 50-100 meters, so that said rod must also be 50-100 meters!
Because such a great rod length is required, the profile of the rod proposed in GB 384603A or in Patent JP 57081168 is extremely thick and large, so that it should not bend under the force of the waves, and quite impractical.
Because of the weight of the rod proposed in GB 384603A or in Patent JP 57081168, and the slow wave speed prevailing under said conditions, it is not possible to attain the minimum speed of 500 rpm required to rotate the flywheel of the oil pump (linked to the accumulator that drives an oil engine, which in turn drives a generator and produces the electric energy).
Thus, it should be emphasized, that the arrangements proposed in GB 384603A or in Patent JP 57081168 are completely impractical where waves higher than 2 meters are concerned.
Thus, Patent GB 384603A and Patent JP 57081168 are only applicable when Waves are small and the distance between two waves is short. Where higher waves are concerned, the entire plant proposed by GB 384603 A or by Patent JP 57081168 become dysfunctional and cannot be used.
The present invention has a crankshaft mechanism for each paddle unit, without used a rod to link among the paddles. Each paddle unit is operated independently.
The present invention is equally practicable for both small and large waves and can be used to obtain high power capacities under both sea conditions, and this is the technological innovation of my patent application over the patents: GB 384603A and JP 57081168.
The present invention shows below in claim 1 (the main claim ), that it incorporates the features referring to crankshaft mechanism and a piston and also to providing each of the paddle units with a dedicated crankshaft mechanism to show the difference in patents GB 384603A and JP 57081168 in which the whole plate has one crankshaft mechanism.
(ii) Patent GB 384603A and Patent JP 57081168 don't utilize the energy of backward paddle unit motion, after a wave leaves the paddle's plate and the paddle falls pivoting with its gravitation and the backward wave's power, this paddle energy is not utilized. The only energy that is utilized is the energy of a wave that hits the paddle's plates. The gravitation energy of each paddle and the backward wave's power, aren't utilized.
The present invention utilizes the whole paddle energy.                The invention has a Two-Direction piston for each paddle. When a paddle moves forward with the wave, the piston inside the hydraulic cylinder pushes oil to the first accumulator, after the wave leaves the paddle, it returns backward and the same piston pushes oil to the second accumulator. The two accumulators send the oil through pipes to an hydraulic engine that rotates a generator. The present invention receives energy from both motions: paddle pivotal forward motion and paddle pivotal backward motion.        
The present invention shows in claim 1 that either, in forward paddle unit motion, the paddle's energy is accepted and consumed and, in backward paddle unit motion, the paddle's energy is accepted and consumed. This is the second technological innovation of my patent application over patents: GB 384603A and JP 57081168.    5. U.S. Pat. No. 5,244,359 describes a marine energy converter system based on utilization of differences in sea level which it converts into linear movement only of piston 21 which moves within its casing 17. The casing 17 is rigidly connected with pole 3 which is anchored at the bottom of the sea. The above converter can only exploit linear monement, and does not make it possible to exploit the dynamic energy of the sea waves. The above converter is equipped with a floating system piston. The piston is connected to a float 41 and this enables the linear movement of the piston within the piston casing. As a result the piston, within its casing, by virtue of the rising level of water, requires very little force to rise. However, since energy is always a product of force multiplied by distance, the resultant energy is very small as a consequence of the small amount of force exerted.
The present invention, however, is based on a different principle, i.e., the exploitation of the dynamic energy of sea waves, which give rise to pivotal movement of the paddles rather than their elevation. The pivotal movement is subsequently converted into linear movement of the piston by means of a crankshaft mechanism 32,40. The piston rises within the casing with relatively great force and the energy produced is thus greater.
Thanks to the structure of the system according to the present invention, it is possible to utilize waves regardless of the height of the wave itself.
Both from the point of view of the present invention's operating principle and from the point of view of its particular structure, the U.S. Pat. No. 5,244,359 energy converter is not similar to the present invention.    6. U.S. Pat. No. 4,843,249 describes a hydroelectric system, which utilizes the movement of the waves and converts them into circular movement. Said system includes a turbine 22 whose vanes are moved by the moving wave. The turbine wheel is connected to equipment for the generation of electrical energy.
The present invention, by comparison, does not convey circular energy, but rather utilizes the axial movement of the paddles to move the piston in a linear motion.
As in the previous case, the above U.S. patent does not void the innovation or the innovation of the present invention, neither in principle nor from the point of view of the structure of the above-described patent.
It may also be noted, that the utilization of wave energy in order to create circular energy along, is inferior to the creation of linear motion, on the following counts:
In order to achieve better that 90% utilization, for example, a pump activated through circular energy must rotate as speeds of 500-5000 rpm. Below 500 rpm, the efficiency rate is abruptly reduced to about 40%. In order to attain such high speeds, when the wave movement is relatively low, it is necessary to provide additional transmission by means of a few pairs of cog-wheels, thus creating losses in the system. Moreover, if we introduce a number of pairs of cog-wheels, then the total efficiency of the system is reduced, and the energy produced is thus far lower. The cost of the system too, is increased through the provision of may pairs of additional cogwheels.
However, when the piston moves in a linear motion, the immediate efficiency of the system is at least 90% and a linear pump is not limited by any constraints.    7. U.S. Pat. No. 53,311,064 describes a system for generating energy from the movement of sea waves, based on a similar principle to that of the above described hydro-electric system, i.e., the use of a turbine which is rotated by the flow of water. The circular movement is conveyed to the energy generating mechanism by means of a transmission mechanism.
All the above given explanations regarding the hydro-electric system according to U.S. Pat. No. 4,843,249, are also valid in this case, both as regards circular motion versus linear motion and the differing structure.    8. Fr Patent 501795 described a system for generating energy from the movement of sea waves.
(i) The system has one paddle. The low extremity of the paddle's plate is a buoy that moves vertically up and down when the wave reaches the plate. The paddle receives only the height energy from the wave.
When a wave hits a paddle, the paddle goes up in pivotal movement. In this way, each paddle receives energies from: a. the wave height energy which is, potential energy plus b. the wave movement energy, which is kinetic energy. The present invention receives from each paddle much more energy in comparison to the above Fr Patent 501795.
(ii) The present invention has at least two paddles. The Fr Patent 501795 has one paddle. The advantage of the present invention from this reason is the same as explained in 2(i) above as regards towards U.S. Pat. No. 5,084,630.    9. JP patent 006750 converters can only exploit linear movement, and does not make it possible to exploit the dynamic energy of the sea waves. The hydraulic cylinders 2 and 2a, are pistons connected to a float 1 and this enables the linear movement of the pistons within the piston casing. As a result the pistons within the casing, by virtue of the rising level of water, require very little force to rice. However, since energy is always a product of force multiplied by distance, the resultant energy is very small as a consequence of the small amount of force exerted.
The present invention, however, is based on a different principle, i.e., the exploitation of the dynamic energy of sea waves, which give rise to pivotal movement of the paddles rather than their elevation. The pivotal movement is subsequently converted into linear movement of the bi-directional piston by means of a crankshaft mechanism 32, 40. The piston rises within the casing with relatively great force and while the energy produced is a product of force multiplied by distance, the resultant energy is higher as a consequence of the high amount of force exerted. Thus the energy produced according to this system is greater then JP patent 006750.    10. U.S. Pat. No. 4,490,621 described a system for generating energy with two hydraulic motors, one hydraulic motor 121a, for low waves and one hydraulic motor 121b for high waves with very complicated system. When the oil pressure PLa>PLb then first hydraulic motor 121a works and when the oil pressure PLa<PLb, the second hydraulic motor works. The present invention works with all kinds of oil pressure with the same hydraulic motor. If for example, the present invention works with a system of three hydraulic motors, the U.S. Pat. No. 4,490,621 requires 6 hydraulic motors: three for law waves plus three for high waves, which is very expensive and with very complicated system. The present invention is more economical and much simpler than U.S. Pat. No. 4,490,621.    11. U.S. Pat. No. 1,960,622 generate energy does not establish optimum distance of the paddle heights, to make plan maximum energy production, since the rod 20 and the plate 25 move upwards or downwards synchronously, automatically, but not supervised as described in the present invention, with the movement of the sea level at tide time.            The paddles' system according to the present invention stays in the optimum fixed position even when the sea water continues to move upwards and downwards with the tide to create the plant maximum energy production, while in the U.S. Pat. No. 1,960,622, the rod 20 and the plate 25, move upwards or downwards all the time with the sea water at the tide time.